An Independent Farmers Weekly Owned and Edited in Michigan CLEMENS, SATURDAY, APRIL 17, 1920 ’ INIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIl|llllllllllllllllllIIlllllIlllllllIllllll||HllllllllllllllllIllllllIlllllllllIlIllllIllllllllllllllllllIIHII|I|ll"IllIllllllIllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHHlIIIlIlIllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIHI||||||IllIlllllIll||||||lllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIllll "5 HlllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll|III|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllln= llllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll|lllllllll|lllllllllll|ll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllll E g 2 E E E E E E E E. E g E E 2’ a 3: ad., well dost thou thy power display! . 10th the light heart sad; and than, thou makest the and heart gay. ' ——“B’pri1i‘g” by Longfellow. ‘ _ MW? _ ‘ HAVE BEE rather inter-call in 11th.; hired mu discussions“ in the last issue of II. B. 1‘, Mrs. Him Mam injects some variety. but, _ to judge from the way she writes may do not receive much wept the $0 per month. Let her figure a lit. tie on rent, fuel, milk' and fruit at city prices. Probably, also, they have a garden and keep a flock ot chick'ens ' that run loose and pick up a good deal of their living. I have an idea they can also keep a pig if they wish. If all these items are added to the $50 per month, the arrangement is not so one-sided as it would appear at first glance. - The hours are long, it's true, but does Mrs. Hired Man give any thought to the farmer they work for? Are not his hours as long as those of the hir- er man? The latter has nothing in- vested in the business and whether the place is run at a profit or loss, he gets his wages just the same. Mrs. Hired Man says the farm is valued at $35,000. It is likely the stock and tools would add another $5,000, mak- ing the investment $40,000, which amount invested at 6 per cent would yield an income of $2,400 annually, without any labor but if their employ~ or works, he should also haVe the value of his labor added to that. "The laborer is worthy of his hire.” Toes the farmer get 6 per cent on his in- vestment? Does he get half that? “A Hird Man," on the same page, says he has worked on a farm several years and is “just as far ahead today as I was when I began.” Is not that his fault? Would he have saved any—-' thing if he had been living in a city and doing factory work? The tempt- tions to spend money are much great- er in the city than in the county. on same page. 1dr. Staten-atolls how one of his hired men saved from $240 to $800 per year, working for from $30 to $50 pea- month. A P‘leod Nani” asks “How Many farmers can afford to pay their hired men a bonus of $500 at the end of the But. does he realis.‘ what . year?”. that question means? The farmer cannot do it, which, is proof that in these days of high prices the farmer is not getting 9. comes deal. The man~ ufacturer sets the prico on what he produces and he puts' it high enough so that he not only has e. good profit, but can pay high wages, and add a bonus. The farmer, who is the real produces and he puts it high enough astowhatheistoreceivenor his products, whether it is a dozen eggs, 3. load of wheat, or a carload of live stock. The buyer tells the farmer what he will give and the latter can take it or haul his stuff home again. If the farmer does not pay from $4 to $6 for an 8-hour day, it’s not his fault. It would bankrupt nine out of ten farmers inside a year if they tried it. I do not believe that the farmer should join the labor unions and keep up the eternal demand for shorter hours and higher payhbut he should organize, so that he is sure 0: a fair return for‘ his labor and capital in- vested—"A good living and ten per cent" is only fair.—-Apoms Long, Wexford (701mm. “THE HIRED MAN FROM GENE- ' SEE COUNTY" The hired man from Genesee Co. is still alive and in the country, get- , at ' “WM...“ M -. ting up at five a. m. to feed and milk the musical cows. ’ Oh, the life in the country is one long sweet dream of hard work from 5 a. 1:. until 9 p. m. at night. So many are interested . in just what becomes of that poor little hir- ed man. Oh, yes, he is alive and you can bet he’s busy. He is no quitter you see. He said “If I can get wages enough to live on, and save a little I will stay in the country.” Does he like his new job? Well he does not believe in saying his prayers out loud so you will have to guess at it. Would like to say I don’t like Mr. Halladay’s remarks about the hired man having cars. I left my former place because the boss owned a se- dan, his wife a roadster, and could not afford to pay the hired man enough to live on. Now is he so hard up he’s enjoying himself in a new $3,800 touring car. The new boss has so many cars he cannot use them all at once, two touring cars, roadster and a truck. Having no driving horse on the place the ”hired man" from Genesee Co. bought himself a flivver so he could run down the boss to get orders, and to see what he looked like once in a while. I see H. H. Halladay claims to be State Livestock Commissioner of Michigan. There must be some mistake for if Mr. Halladay lived in Michigan he must know that the hir- ed men must all own some kind of a car so as they can catch up with their bosses once in a while and talk business. ‘4 M L . .— gFant crane, combined. WE MUSTHAVE YOUR SUPPORT IF YOU ARE TO HAVE THE . TELEPHONE pany to meet the situation. 'ié country and the city. \ “ ‘ ‘2“ 72"“‘5. fl: ." ‘\ ‘~ \ stuns .dx “in! ‘ .5 * phone pole in three minutes. Higher rates, with these labor-saving dams, however. together the state to go forward as it MICHIGAN STATE , ‘ .- ‘ . 6‘ K . I» r.‘ I-hun s"! -M . ,, ‘V \ ‘ ‘ a .2, "‘1. \H‘ . I u)’:‘¢~‘4¢mo f. c e . Binding Together a State Here is shOWn a giant workmanga piece of “machinery that digs a. hole and sets a tele- It works on the principle of a post-hole au’gur and a This is part of the equipment with which the Michigan State Tele- phone Company is binding together a great state, to make it possible for the farmer to transact business in distant town or city and to take ad- vantage ot the best markets-for today’s farmer is a businessman. This equipmentsaves labor, which is selling at a. premium right now, as the t farmer best knows. The business farmer knows something, too, about cos-ts. He knows that his line roads cannot be built or' maintained today at what they ~ cost five years ago. His automobile, teams, groceries, clothing and farm- ing machinery all cost more. To have them he must sell his product at increased prices. ‘ - The.teiep‘hone company faces the some conditions. Teaming costs three times what it did lei-1915. The poles bought tron the farmer, the _ crossarms, the copper and iron tram Michigan’s mince. all cost more . . and labor is higher than ever before. No labor-saving equipment will entirely enable the com« . will psrnit‘the work of binding should and will help the development of both the ' their“ men, svwitchmen has horse and the boss don"t, went, to keep one, it is only four miles to. the near- est town. I 8 according tour. Halladay the hired man and his wife should m. . V ' " Riemann is thilhired man’s place would he and his wife walk tour mil-es or buy a car? I wand like him to answer this ques- tion. Mr. Albert Yager requested to know if the farmer who paid the $500 bonus was in any other busi- ness. The farmer is not, he works three hundred acres of land with the help of two married man. He is a stock feeder in the winter time. Instead of a $3,800 car he is driving a bi: work team every day, in case of business he drives a Ford touring car. , G. P. Philips and Albert Yager's letters are both worth reading, if their advice was followed there would be much less trouble for the farmers. ' Come, on you, farmers and hired men, get in the ring and tell your stories, so the hired man and'f-arm- or can deal together honestly. Mr. Editor, why should not the farmers furnish references as well as the hired man? Would like to hear your opinion. There’s no place like the dear old farm, except in heaven. The hired man from Gen- esee 00., R. M., Lennon, Mich. ERE we be ! All tied up again! Somethin’ more to make the cost of iivin’ higher an’ nothing to do to earn the price of a hot dog even. This time its the switchmen— no cars comin’ or goin', every thing dead’er’n a door nail or Gov. Low- den's political boom in Michigan, 811' nobody can tell Where this darn thing is a goin’ to end. There’s no ques- tion but what the switchmen are un- derpaid—~their job is a one at best an’ they’re gittin’ less wages than a common street laborer, considerable less, an' I don’t blame 'em for wantin’ more money, they ort to have it; but it don't seem to me as though it should be necessary to tie up business all over the country—to jeopardize the health and lives of thousands of people—to throw other - thousands out of work, to cut off the already scant supply of the very ne- cessities of life in order than a hand- full of men, comparatively speakin’. could and should get justice done ’em, get a livin’ wage somewhere near what other men, engaged in much less hazardous occupations are a gittin'. Kinda seem like's if the government, if we have 9. government left, might appoint some sort of c. board or commission whose duty it would be to adjust labor disputes—— not to adjust 'em to suit the employ- ers only, but to adjust 'em in a way that would be fair to both parties. The idea of tying up business every month or two an' of throwing hun- dreds of thousands of men an’ we- men out of employment while .the unions or the outlaws, as the present strikers are called. an' their employ- or: are squabblin’ over the question of wages or of hours or any other - sim’lar question, is gettin' darn mo- notonous to the right thinkin' people of this country, not only monotonous but by gosh it's gettin' to be a ser- ious menace to the welfare and peace of the whole country. When a few men can tie up com- merce, labor, transportation an’ pre- vent the shipments of farmers stock. grain, potatoes or prevent any class o! people from receiving the things they need in order to carry on their business. it's. time we began to set up on' take notice of things an’ to in- quire into things cn' to know why this is thus. Right here in Battle Creek the once: of the switchman walk-out is becoming serid‘us, the food factories have shut down—they must have cars in order to ship their . products as test as manufactured. ~ and the _cars..are.mot forthcomin’ less", -, - risinz‘ dangerous , . l"- . :32“ I 1920 HE DAIRYMEN of the Detroit area are seriously considering the establishment of a central distributing agency in the city of De- troit where milk from all members may be re- eeived, weighed, tested and sold to distribut ' ing companies or to grocery stores. At meet- ings held during the past week in several sec- tions of the Detroit area the subject was dis- ' cussed at length and the farmers are practical- ly unanimous for such a proposition. Others g1 so far as to urge the purchase of a pasteuriz- g plant and distribute their own product trons house to house. ‘N. P. Hull, president of the Michigan Milk Producers’ Ass’ 11, speaking before a meeting of the Macomb County Dairy Council last Sat urdey, stated thet he was pleased to see the » interest taken in this kind of proposition and advised that the Chicago Milk Producers’ Ass’n was discussing plans for a similar move. It was Mr. Hull’s contention, however, that the Association should proceed cautiously in I matter of this kind, claiming that the experi— ences of other farmers had not fully demon- strated the practicability of such a move. He cited the case of the Grand Rapids farmers, who have been distributing their own milk for a year or more, but who have been obliged to - pay as high as ten cents per cwt. to keep their venture going. “The loyalty of those fellows h a surprise to me”, said Mr. Hull, “and I really believe they are going to win out” . Macomb Farmers Want Central Agency. Gideon Bryce of Romeo, president of the Macomb County Dairy Council, stated that the Romeo local hadheld the largest meeting in its Whetweek andthathehedneverseene finer spirit of cooperation and a willingness to go ahead- than was demonstrated at that meeting. He declared that the producers of lib section were unanimously in favor of at . but a sensual distributing agency in Detroit, and that they Were all willing to contribute mob amount per cwt. of their milk as was nec- emery to take this initial step in assuming control of the marketing of their product. Others who advocated the central agency was R. G. Potts, vice-president of the Michigan fitate Farm Bureau; B. E. Beach, business agent for the Oakland County Farm Bureau, ad Forrest Lord, editor of The Business Farmer, the letter stating that thisxcontemplat- .4 move was merely in accOrd with what the Former had urged for the past three years.‘ He stated his conviction that it was not too big a job as some feared for the dairymen of the "Detroit area to distribute their own rims, and called attention to the prophecy node by the-proponents of the State Elevator Exchange that in two or three years the Ex- change would be doing $100,000,000 worth of business annually. He admitted, however, the intricate and delicate nature of the milk dis- tributing business, a point which was well covered by Mr. Beach, who declared that the tuners would have to have the best and most Dalrymen Want Central Distributing Plant Action of Federal Fair Price Board May F orce Producers of Detroit Area to Take Control of Marketing Their Milk ”1;; Is It Time for Action? T IS said that “feels rush in where angels fear to tread”. In the estimation of some they are fools who argue that farmers should have as much control over the market- ’ ing of his milk and its price to the con- sumer as he does over its production, and are walking where the angels would not tread when. they assume to take over the intricate business of distrib- uting their product. " According to some people the farm- ers of Michigan have been doing a lot ,of “feel things” lately, such as organ- izing a potato exchange, a great selling agency for all farm products, a wool ex- change, an elevator exchange, etc. Many there were who predicted failure. “The farmer can’t do those things. It is his business to produce”. The results an- swer for theemselves. Today the dairymen of the Detroit area find themselves facing a cut in milk price which threatens their busi- ness. Why? Because they have put up with, if not sanctioned, one of the most wasteful methods of distributing a product on the face of the earth,— the Detroit milk distributing system. For three years the Business Farmer and others have discussed the inade- quacy of the present system and urged 181mmducelts to establish their own ii hating plant. The answer has '1 been, “theg time is not ripe”. Perhaps they were right. But are they right today? -- Are not the milk pmducers big enough and their leaders able enough to solve this problem now and for all time? If the time is not ripe NOW for them to take this business step, it never will be.—Editor. l experienced man procurable in charge of their distributing business. , “The farmers feel that they pay the cost of distributing milk anyway”, said Mr. Beach, “and they will not object to paying what may be necessary in order to have their distribut- ing business handled by competent and ex- perienced people.” Federal Board Precipitates Action. The decision of the Federal Fair Price Board to reduce the price of milk to the con- snmer from 16 to 14 cents per quart for the summer months has created one of the most alarming situations that has been encountered «h: the Detroit area since the Milk Commission 'came into existence. This decision, it has been learned, was ren- dered as a result of the Board’s investigations of the profits of the distributing companies as shown by their income-tax statement. These profits were considerably in excess of what is generally considered “fair” profits, in one case amounting to 33 1-3 per cent on the in- vestment. This distributing company in ques~ tion claimed that the major portions of these profits were from the sale of ice cream, and it is fair to assume that this may be the case. However, it is quite apparent that the distri— butors of Detroit are prospering and that they are in a position to bear a portion of any de— crease in price. Producers’ Officials Get Busy None of the officials of the Milk Producers’ Ass’n with the exception of Mr. R. G. Potts, who is director, were present at either of the first two hearings of the Fair Price Board. It has been explained by Pres. Hull that the As— sociation officers received no invitation to be pro sent and he (ensidcxod it. below the dignity of. H111 \ssm lotion to $111K :11l1111t '111111 111111111 it had not b12011 i1111t1.11l l oll11w111§1 H11 actmn 01" the Boer l. however, in 1'11111111i11g the price of milk, the officers met in 111111l'1gr11z11g1- with Chain man Connolly 21,111] pl‘(‘SF‘Y!l1‘ll I’lzgfz' clainm. The admissions made at this conference, and the results of the conference will be of interest to every producer. Board Wants to be Fair The officers of the Association submitted to Chairman Connolly the figures showing what it costs the dairymen of the Detroit area. to produce milk, and asked Mr. Connolly if it would not be proper for the board to deter- mine what was a “fair” price and profit for the farmer as well as for the consumer and the distributor. It was argued that the Fair Price Board was not in fact a “fair price boa ” if it protected the interests of only one party at the expense of another party who was not in a position to defend his own inter- ests. The force of this statement was, we understand, admitted by Mr. Connolly, who stated, however, that the price which the farm— er should receive should be determined be— tween them and the distributors. But the producers’ representatives soon convinced Mr. Connolly of the difficulties standing in the way of such an agreement and urged that the Fair Price Board determine what should be “fair” prices and profits for both farmers and creamery companies. Board Does Not Object to 20 Per Cent Profit “The Board does not object to profits of 20 per cent on the investment”, Judge Connolly is' reported to have said, “but when dealers in ' foodstuffs make more than that it is time to call a halt.” The Association officers advised Mr. Con- nolly that they were not seeking as high pro- fits as that and if the Board would allow the . farmers ten per cent profit they would be set— isfied. This sounded (Continued on page 9) Sidelights on the Producers’ Hearing Before Fair Price Board Tuesday, April 13th . J. W. Ousiek. acting as chalrmflofnoardmabsenceofJndzeOon- new mmmamch of slackers," mam mmmudedfith-ofammesp. A. 0. Andes-sou. normed: professor otduryhusbandy at theMJL On.‘ at Flint. made the as- Min 3 thoughtless welsh-Price Pres.Hu11 made an eloquent appeal in behalf of the producers, but “this-liareotinsu'ltstromtheBoard. Thetwoeutrednefloninmflkmemasavingatthomostofouy 14 cents per week to tho average consumer. But to the farmer who pro- dicesonehnndredpoundsotmflkperdayitmeanselossot$7perweek Onropinlon: MBWmdhodsendarblwmruungof mmuuoetflm most outrageous prostitu- flonsofjmtlceinflmmflsotthemeotmchm. ‘mrpmmummkprodmdmneudtmfi JWMflMbMMemtothetedm-dm ! HE JUDICIOUS use of fertilizers is profitable yet there are a num- » “fiber of factors to be considered, . ’ namely, why are they needed, the 1 plant relations, the methods of de- termining fertilizer needs of the soil, the interpretation of the results - obtained, the methods of applying the formulae for different crops and the effect of different fertilizers on the soil. Under most systems of agriculture there is a constant stream of nitro- gen, phosphorus ,and potassium from the land to the city. W'here grain is grown, for example, and sold there is taken away about three- fourths of the phosphorus contained in the entire crop, and under live stock farming about one-fourth of the phosphorus is removed when the animals are sold. Moreover ,there is always more or less of nitrogen and other elements from the soil by leaching. Thus farming as carried on by the majority .of American farmers is a destructive or tearing do’wn process, so far as mineral plant food elements are concerned, and the losses should be made good. Moreover, there are many soils that do not give up soluble plant-food rap— idly enough, either early in the, sea- son or throughout the growing per- iod, to produce the desired. yields, due either to a deficiency in the to- tal plant food, or to the states in which it exists, and, therefore, need fertilization for best results. Commercial fertilizers are used to increase food production with a safe margin of profit. This may be ac- complished either directly by the in— creased yield of grain and other crops to be consumed by the human race, or by increased production of foods for animals, which in turn are rais- ed for human consumption. Thus in considering the principles of soil management the relationship of soil productivity to farm practice and to the welfare of the nation should not be lost sight of. Indeed, the patriot- ic individual 'looks upon a productive soil not only from the margin of prof- it he may derive from it but as a possibility for avhigh yield of food for the human race. Soils may differ in their require— ments and if the most intelligent use is made of fertilizers the needs of the soil must be ascertained. This can be accomplished only by means of field trials. Of course, the farm- uer cannot conduct an elaborate set of experiments since much time, la- bor and expense are required to bring them to a successful conclu- sion, yet he can and should deter— mine the lime an-d fertilizer needs of his farm, relying upon the Agricul- ‘tural Experiment station for inform— Work, Goo AST YEAR Bill ones put in a year of good 5 'd work and plowed his land early, disked it, planted good seed carefully, and then cultivated it thoroughly. The sea- .:son was favorable for a fine crop, yet his corn, wheat and potatoes did not harvest satisfactorily. The yield was not nearly as good as Ed Smith’s down the road. What was the dif- ference? Ed Smith did not work harder; he could not, because Bill Jones had done all that was possible. 'When Bill questioned Ed to learn the reason for the latter’s big yield, ‘he found that Ed had made sure that his seed had plenty of plantfood 'to start it and to bring it through the :season to the biggest yield possible. . As you have probably already . guessed Bill Jones and Ed Smith are not the real names of two farmers, ’i‘but represent two classes of farm— era. one which is maintaining the Itility of the soil and securing '11 ofitable yields by using fertilizer , d the other depleting the plant- "cod-i in the soil, not using any com: ., ,oia‘l plantfood and not securing , profitable yields. Which of these classes are you in? Every crop from the soil. , the meanwhile the seedling may 11mg: By M M. M00001: ‘— Winter rye on clay loam sqil In July. 250 lbs. of 14 per cent sold phosphate was used on 1‘10 entire field excepting a strip the width of the drill. ation concerning the more complex relationships such as the time, man- ner ,amount and kinds of material to apply, the place in the rotation, as well as others. For example, he should know What element or ele- ments in a fertilizer mixture pays for the material by the increased crop production. A simple set of experi- ments conducted three or four years should answer this question for him._ Plan of, Experiment to Determine the Fertilizer Needs of 8. Soil Plot No. 1; Treatment per acre, no fertilizer; plot number 2; treatment per acre, 50 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. acid phosphate; plot number 3; treatment, 200 lbs. acid phosphate and 80 lbs. potash; plot number 4; treatment; 50 lbs. nitrate of soda 200 lbs. acid phosphate and 80 lbs. potash. 1 If one desires to compare the crop producing power of acid phosphate with a mixed fertilizer three plots will suffice, one receiving acid phos- phate at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre, one receiving as much mixedfertil- izer as can be purchased for the same amount of money invested in acid phosphate and one no treatment. It is advisable to lime the entire field if it is needed. The needs of a soil for lime and the value of reinforcing stable ma- nure with phosphorus could be de- termined by treating one plot with manure, another with manure and acid phosphate, another with ma— nure, phosphate and lime and still another with manure and lime. Of course, the same quantity of a giv— en substance should be added when— ever used. Where the soils are very variable, as in much of Michigan, for example the plots should consist of about one-fourth or one—half acres and run lengthwise of the field Moreover, the treatment of the area to be.utilized for experimental treat- ment purposes should have been the same for a few years previous. It would be of little value to lay out the plots on a field, a portion of which had recently received manure, lime or other substances, or had produc- ed a meadow or was poorly drained. Moreover, they should all be manag— ed the same with the exception of the fertilizer and other treatments being studied. That-is to say, they should be tilled, seeded, and harvest— ed as near the same date as possible. One should not be misled by the general appearanCe of the crop dur- ing one or more stages of its de— velopment in the interpretation of the results obtained from the dif- ferent treatments. It may be cited, for example, that an early stimula- tion of the vegetative or top growth of grain crops may not necessarily mean a greater production of grain, the most important portion of the crop. It is usually desirabl9 to weigh or measure accurately th‘e’yields ob- tained from different plots. When the use of fertilizers is con- templated the nature of the soil which is to receive it should be con- By 1A. E. LINDQUIST legume included in the rotation, and cover crops should be plowed under, but in addition, even on soil which is consideredrrich, commercial plan- food properly applied will pay a neat profit above its cost and will help maintain fertility. Ammonia, phosphoric acid and“ potash are the three plantfoods which are likely to be present in‘in- sufficient quantities, and which are necessary in producing large crops. The supply of ammonia may be pret- ty well maintained by applying ma- nure, by including legumes in the rotation and in plowing under green manure crops, but it is usually prof- itable to include 2 per cent ammonia in a commercial fertilizer in order to provide the young plant roots with- this important plantfood in the form available early in the spring, before the ammonia and manure has been made available by the soil bacteria, for the bacteria do not begin their work until the soil warms up and in stopped growing because it ammonia: ‘ Most soils are deficient ‘ phoric acid in the form avails .11." .iyiel'ds. '_ are high. Everything should be done .at the start of the season to assure ’ that all .the high priced operation on -“éifp ,nsive land will bring this biggest t1 . plantfood which is the limiting fact- or in producing the maximum growth of the plant and thus the largest yield per acre. Phosphoric acid pro- duces vigorous root growth early in the season andilater hastens matur- ity. Fertilizers for all crops should contain about 10 or 12 per cent of phosphoric acid. Potash is especially lacking in the heavy peat and muck soils; and light sandy soils too are usually deficient in this plantfood. Potash favors starch formation, aids in making heavy grains and stiffens the stems of grasses preventing lodging. No matter how much cultivation is given, if the seed is not of good . quality, high yields of good produce are not possible; likewise if the soil has not sufficient plantfood in avail- able form, no matter how good the s‘eed is, it cannot produce profitable Land, labor and machinery such poor condition of sidered If the soil is very deficient in vegetable matter, it is well recog- nized that the net returns on the in.» Vestment in ‘fertilizers will be less than 11 11 is well supplied. with" 11¢ due to its favorable action With re- ~'_ spect to the activities of beneficial micro-organisms, the Water detaining capacity, and the decrease in the amount of leaching downward of certain of the plant food elements, scil tilth, and consequently better root development of the crops grown; as well as its assistance in releasing potential plant-food. In soil 'build- ing by means of green manure and, catch crops the use of fertilizers may result in the production of greater amounts of humus forming material, and, therefore, be desirable an eco- nomical when judiciously used. Since many plants are sensitive in regard to the acid or. sour condition of the soil, the maximum returns from fertilizers are not to be deriv— ed until such conditions are correct- ed by the addition of some form of lime. , In a measure the responsiveness of a soil to a given applicationfof fer- tilizer depends upon the texture of the soil to which it is applied. Sandy soils are generally recognized ’as being very responsive to applications of soluble fertilizers and manures the first year of application, but less later on. The fine textured or so- called “heavy soils,” are influenced to a somewhat less degree the first season, but, on the other hand, a giv— en application endures longer on them than when applied to sandy soils. In addition, the variations of the soils in a given field should be considered, and “poor spots" should receive special treatments in order 112- bringr about more uniformity of the produc ion of the field. Unquestionably there are soils in tilth 'that proper water. movements and root development of plants cannot take place upon which an application—of commercial fertilizer is a losing proposition until such conditions are rectified in some manner. Since the maximum returns are to be derived from fertilizers, when as. many conditions as possible are fav- orable for plant growth, the plant re- lations, that is, the seed, adaption, feeding ‘power, disease resistance, and sensitiveness to variations in climate are to be reckoned with also. It is well recognized that maximum crop production depends to a great extent upon the per cent of germin— ation as well as upon the strength of the germination of the seed. If the .per cent of germination is high, a more uniform stand results. A vig- (continued on page 19) Cultivation and Plenty of Plantfood Will Increase Yield to supply. Following are some rec- ommendations which may help you decide what fertilizer will be most profitable for you to use: (Figures refer to percentages of ammonia, available phosphoric acid and water- soluble potash in the or- der given.) ‘ With 2 per cent ammonia, a muck soil fertilizer, 2-8-8,‘ 2-10-6; for grain and staple crops, 2- 10— 4, 2- 12- 2. With 6 per cent ammonia, 5- 7- 2, spring top dressing grain. ~ , With 3 per cent ammonia, vege- table and truck crops grown under field conditions, 3 10- 6, 3--10 4, 3-10- 2 With 7 per cent ammonia, 7—8-5, earliest truck crop potato fertilizer. With 4 per cent ammonia, vege- table and market garden fertilizers, 4- 10- 6, 4- 10- 4, 4- 10- 2; northern po- tato fertilizers, 4- 8- 6, 4- 8- 4. Ammonium Pliesphate Analysis For soils Where potash is anot need- ea, or on crops which do not respond 6-8-‘0, 7-8—0. to the nine of potash, 2-1290; 3-1290 ”- n‘ "1 A . .N_/«—r-._/——vrc N)— ‘ .\ '2 *’. . .N-/“r'w"'f‘«> e.’ ‘ ~_ e/ . HE} PEA growers or Michigan "have”caught the spirit of co-op- *eration and are seeking a state- wide,:.or-ganiz_ation with locals in the various counties where peas are grown-commercially. Michigan is a great pea state,» taking rank among the-three or four leaders in the union, ‘ i but the growers are entirely at the ., mercyof the companies who make the contracts, _.being obliged to take what is offered or else grow no pe‘as.‘ Mr. Guy W.‘ R. Curtiss, president or the Kent City. Pea Growers’ Ass'n, believes/the growers should organize and is ready to take a leading step to bring about such an organization if there is any promise of assistance from the other growers of the state. The suggestion has been made that the pea growers association . could afllliate with the beet growers asso- ciation as both grow crops on con- tract, and therefore have many mu— tual problems. Up until the last year or two pea growers received from two to.three cents per pound, depending upon the locality and the canning company with whom they did business. More recentlythis price has been held at three cents per pound with some com- panies oflering three and a quarter to four cents. Roach & Company of Grand Rap- ids, are one of the largest contract purchasers ofvpeas in Michigan and show a disposition to play fair with the farmers. At a meeting held at Croswell several weeks ago, they , tendered the farmers a big dinner and explained their contract for the ensuing year. They did not offer, however, What the farmers thought they were entitled to receive, claim- ing that three and a quarter cents per pound was all they could afford to pay. ‘ The following information con- cerning the pea situation was given to us by Mr. Cu-rtiss of Kent City: " 51* wue’fnsegémcybetwa «r é deferred until another year. The Pea Growers’ Opportunity . EA GROWERS who desire to form a state-wide organization shouldnmnmunmtemeumhes ~to,lthe.Business Farmer, Mt. Clemens, or ‘Mr. Guy 'W. R. Curtiss, of Kent City. No matter Whether you‘have signed contracts or not for 1920, the time is ripe for an organization, and if such is to be effected, it should not be , Why not organize an association now which can spend the time between nowand the next season inves- tigating contract prices in other states, cost of operation, etc., so that you may be ready next spring to confer with the canning companies and have the facts to back up your claims—Editor. W. R. Roach & Company, general offices, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are paying the following prices, that is, they are contracting acreage at these prices: Kent City, Edmore, Scottville and Croswell where peas are grown.) They will pay 3 1-4 cents per pound for prime green peas delivered at the plant; they are going to charge the growers $3 per bushel for the seed. In some instances they have prom- ised to haul the peas to the plant for the farmer. At Kent City they have about fifty per cent of their usual pea acreage contracted. Croswell has 1,000 acres contracted for and could hadle more. But the farmers there are liable to cancel their contracts it seems. Scdttville is in about the same position as Kent City. The farmers at all these plants are de- manding' four cents per pound. “The Manistee Canning Company, Manistee, Michigan, are going to pay 3 1-4 cents. This plant is now under the process of erection. ' “The Sears and Nichols Canning Company, Chillicothe, Ohio, with a plant at Pentwater, Michigan, paid three cents per pound last year and may pay a little more the coming . , RebeccaWins the Prize By E. DAVIS RICHARDS , ONSTERNATION reigned su- ‘ preme at Pine Tree, when Re- becca; won the prize. But then Pine Tree and all its inhabitants of the country erund about were judging Becky Sharp by the rest of the lazy Sharps who had Lived in the same tumbled down” fashion for generations. To be suree Henry Sharp Rebecca's father, had married very much above his station, and perhaps Rebecca in- herited some of the excellent qualities ‘Of her gentle mother, who like a hot house flower thrives in a foreign place only a short time, then withers slowly as if unable to stand the rigors of the unusual surroundings. Indeed Mrs. Sharp lived only five years after her marriage to laZy Henry Sharp, and left two tiny mites of children, Rebecca aged three and John, a boy of two. That was ten years ago, and Pine Tree had just awakened to the fact that at last a Sharp had really done some- thing worth while. ' r When the county agent of HendersOn county 'had announced the conditions governing the con-test in the boys’ and girls” clubs Rebecca's heart had al-o most stopped beating. Twelve dollars , necessary to buy a registered pig, how could she ever make so much money? But make it she must, for the coveted trip to the State University had been thesubject of her thoughts for weeks. She decided to take her father into her plan and see if he could not sug- gst some way in which. she might get the magnificent sum of twelve dollars to ' buy the [precious little Berkshire which she felt sure would. indirectly be the cause of a” great improvement in thalwhole Sharp family. She there- ”tore startled her father one evening mine. 2 ~ ”y‘mad tell how I can make - Wan'tisleerjanyiatfintghts it I, didn’t . , Eh 1633 tJ’fWhile money, Dad, just think what it would mean to get to go to the State Univer— sity for a whole week. Why, I think I would be willing to live here for the rest of my life if I could just get to go there for ever such a little while. Didn’t mother go to school there for a year once?.” “Yes, I guess you are just like her, too; she was‘always wanting better things than she had. Better forget, it, kid, you can’tever make twelve dol- lars, and if you did you wouldn’t know how to raise a. pig anyway.” And with that encouragement her father left the room? A few minutes later Re— becca confided to the eager young face peering out at her from the old crack- ed mirror— . “Rebecca Sharp, you ought to be mighty glad to be like your mother, always wanting better things than you have, and Rebecca, you are going to the same school that she went to, if you have to break your neck to do it.” She then crawled under the worn cov- ers of her bed to dream for the fiftieth time of just missing the train which was to carry the prize winners to the big school in a distant city. For the next few months the neigh- borhood of Pine Tree was constantly besieged by a small girl with such a pleading. “Please won’t you buy some wild grapes?" or “Please Mrs. Smith, mayn’t I take care of the baby?" or “Please Mrs. Johns, won’t you let me come every morning and dust and scrub your porch; you know I want to make some money, because I belong to the Girl’s Club." ~ , Thug- were not many who could turn the lit e._ appealing eyes away, for as Mrs. Johns,_ the ‘wife of the grocer, said; “I never, had any use for any of ther’lazy Sharp’bunch; but [believe Becky 8 different. and" anyway, I More , ‘me e atpoormo _ . ' , We J has left (The company has plants at ‘ season. They charged the grower $2.50 per bushel for the seed last year. “The Fame Canning Company, In— dianapolis, Indiana, with three plants in Wisconsin (one at Cumberland) are paying three cents per pound for prime peas and charging the grower $3 per bushel for the seed. “The Fremont Canning Company, Fremont, Michigan, pay on a sliding scale which makes them average about 3 1-4 cents per pound on all grades. They charged the grower either $4.50 or $5 per bushel for the seed. ~- “Nathan Simpson,'Kee1er, Mich., near Hartford pays $75 per ton and furnishes the seed, which would be the equivalent of about $90 per ton at least. However he grows most of the peas on his own farms. “It is understood that S. M. Carp, Hartford, Michigan, has been paying 4 1-2 cents per pound. Mr. Carp would not say that he was or that he was not. He just evaded the question by stating that he was in- formed by one of the largest Wiscon— sin packers that they would pay three Cents per pound there. _ , _, I; , . , fate rganlzatlon n Prices Offered to Growers Caus ~ v, “ ' . Need ofState Association es Dissatisfaction and Shows “The writer thus far has been 1111- § able to find any company in Wiscon- sin which is paying more than three cents per pound for peas. paying “less. to 4c on a graded scale. Apparently the average yields in Wisconsin are larger than in Michigan. climate seems to be adapted to the growing of peas." “I don’t think that it will be pos- sible for us to do much this year in a local way, however, we must keep the interest up and arouse the grow- ers all over the state to realize the need of a state organization of the growers of contract crops. We want to get a state Organization as soon as possible, and then try to arouse the Wisconsin growers to organize. New York growers have already or- ganized. Wisconsin packs about half the peas in the United States so nat— urally they will influence the market more or less. “New York canners have been pay- ing from 2 to about 40 per pound. New York growers have not been making any money to speak of in growing peas for the canners. Wis— consin growers are evidently making money. It appears that Michigan growers are not making anything un~ der the existing prices,” The MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER ap- proves of the efforts of the pea grow— ers to organize, and we hope the movement will be successful. Farm- ers can no longer protect their inter— ests through individual dealing. The potato growers, the grain growers, the live stock raisers and the beet growers have all recognized this, and each of these various branches of ag- riculture here in Michigan are now represented by an which speaks for them. Some are The pea growers should without further de- lay cement themeselves into an or—fl ganization for the purpose of study- ' ing and solving their production marketing problems. and At last the great day came ing at which she had been expressing her opinion about the “lazy Sharps”, her nearest neighbor was heard to re- mark, “Well, I guess the poor mother- less mite is doing her part, too. Do you know I was just telling Sam today that I had never known “the Johns’ porch to get as many scrubbings as it has since Becky Sharp has been going there, and as to the inside of the house it is spotless, while Mrs. Johns was doing the cleaning herself, I could write my name all over the center ta- ble." That opinion was evidently ac~ quised in by those present, as shown by the decided nodding of their heads. There were dark days of discourage~ ment before enough money was made to get the coveted pig; then, too, after the little black fellow was finally de— livered to her, Rebeecca was afraid he would eat too much or else too little, for her father’s statement. “You wouldn’t know how to raise a pig any~ way" kept coming back to torment her, Her anxiety for the welfare of her prcious pig prevented her from noticing a change, which seemed to be coming , over her' father. Others, -. hawetvery spoke of it , and solicitous one were . made, ”such. as, “I’m him- Sam, is the afraid Henry Sharp will hurt self working,” or, “Gee, mil‘lenium coming? I hear Lazy Sharp is working in the Red Hill coal mine.” But fortunately the un-' kind things said behind our backs, very seldom are repeated to our faces and so the Sharp household went on entirely ignorant of the surprise they were causing in the neighbor-hood of Pine Tree. . At last the great day came, as all long expected days must. Even the Berkshire knew something unusual was in the air, for did «not every bit of his three hundred pounds tingle from the contact of that awful brush which Rebecca had weilded so skilfully. Then, too, he knew there,» Was not a bit of dust from the tip of?” his turned up, nose to the- little twist- ed stump of a tail, for she had flnish~-‘ ed, by putting on something that. made him slick and shiny. Rebecca. was so excited that she scarcely no ticed her father or brother, hay having eyes only for that preolfius bit of pig flesh, on whichsheielt all the future of herself and family ’ But, arniving at Pine Tree He . (Continued on page .14. "still. . Some are paying 2 1-4: The cool I particularly ' organization 3 i r V’ [ "flamers, the AILING by honorable means to make any headway against the organized strength of the beet . manufacturers have turned to falsehoods and misrepre— ssuit-slalom in'the hopes of undermin- ing the farmers’ faith in their chos- n leaders. It has been repeatedly stated that the leaders are agitators and are prompted by selfish motives. What these motives'may be has not yet been explained, however. The statement has persisted in some sec- tions that Manager 0. E. Acke-rman has deserted the growers and sign- ed up a contract on the old basis. Naturally these statements set a good many farmers to thinking, but if they think long enough they will clearly see that thestatements are but a part of a studied propaganda on the part ofthe manufacturers to destroy the organization. Manager Ackerman has NOT signed a new , contract, nor has he in any way de-. creased his efforts in behalf of the growers. He has been on the job every minute since he was elected to handle the organization work, and has been obliged to neglect his own business affairs in order to devote undivided attention to the growers’ campaign . Today Mr. Ackerman stands as confident as ever of thd ul- timate success of the movement, and 31118 vgill be found fighting to the last to But he is not alone by any means. The loyalty and determination of the beet growers as the planting season approaches is a revelation of the new spirit of cooperation among the farmers, and there is no evidence of weakening on their part. On the contrary there is multiplied evidence that the growers will not recede a single step from their position even though the alternative may be the planting of some other crop. At Ithaca last week only twenty out of five hundred beet growers present had not returned their con- tract, and those twenty signified their intention of returning their con- tracts at once. At Ashley a few farmers had accepted contracts as a result of the story of the field men that the organized movement was failing and that the leaders had gone back on the growers. As soon as theylearned the true facts these men r i ii Statements That Leaders are Untrue to Cause and That Movement 18 F ailing 13 Pure Fiction The “Sffihe” the Last Resort 1“ ’ rrunnursonewurdm:enngnshrmgmgewmchnmm bad repute Just at the present time. It is the word “ax-11:0 ” The railwayewitchmenofshe is paralyzed, and both financial and physical entering is in pm mmmmmeffliebigmmonmikonimemum nanmnpummkemwymwum thew- withtbeissuestolvedmflieswimhmen'ssiriko Brit therein avast difi'erence between. the two, a difference which make the one wholly indefensible and the other wholly justifiable. Teuphin:'n1e“sta-ike"isflmmeasureeflmtresoltmw . Modehmfaibd.tobeinghwoparflestoaconmect,whethnverlfler.. written. to a mutually satisfactory understanding. and when courts of arbitration have failed to settle the differences, the; the “strike“ may bew‘andexcusable. Thesugarbeetgmwere havetrdedfor four months to secure a conference with the manufacturers for the purpose of orbits-sung their differmces. Their advances have been spurned by the manufacturers, Who have even "refused to meet wiih‘the representatives of the growers. Hence the grovvem have “M"to the extent of quitting the production of sugar boots and using the land forothermpe. Ifthereisashortagoofsugarasaresultodflnsaeflon the public will put the blame where it properly belongs, upon the should- ers of the manufacturers. The case of the switchmen is different, if we understand the situ- ationcorrectly. Manyoftherailroodscbimthattheyhadnomuma- flonthatash‘ikewas brewing. Atleastno suggestion was madeonthe part of the switchmen that. a. conference he held with the employers. They simpb muck without warning, giving the employers no oppor- tunitywhatevcrmlistenandadjust theg'rievancesminapeacefulway The Motion between the farmers’ strike and the switchmen's strike country are on a share. Transportation" should be kept clearly in mind—Editor. cancelled their contracts. In the of- fice of one of the sugar companies is the contract of a single beet grow- er pinned to the wall as if to show all beholders that the growers have deserted their cause They haven’ t pnough wall space in the offices of any sugar company in Michigan to show all the contracts that have been returned and which, providing the manufacturers do not meet the growers’ demands, will represent thousands of acres of beet land turn- ed over to some other crop. Don't Accept Seed It is claimed that the field agents who are distributing the beat seed are asking farmers to transfer it from the company’s bags to their own. In years past the companies have always left their own bags. The reason for this request is apparent. A contract assumes an exchange of something of value. of value which passes between the The only thing . manufacturer and the grower is the beet seed, and the manufacturer un- doubtedly holds that when a farmer “accepts" his seed, he virtually binds himself to the contract, If a field agent leaves a bag of seed at a form it is not the fault of the farmer, but if the farmer transfers the seed to his own bags, then he is a party tip—Fe “.acceptance " Western Growers Strengthen Their Position We are in receipt of a letter from Mr. Albert Dakan of the Intermoun- tian Farmers’ Ass’n of Colorado, en- closing copy of contract in which the farmers have entered with the West- ern Slope and other sugar compan- ies. The contract is much more fav- orable than that under which both the western and Michigan growers raised beets last year, but the price ofiered is slightly less than the price which the Michigan farmers are ask- leg for this year's crop. Mr. Dakan comments upon the contract as fol- lows‘ ‘ “This is the contract agreed upon recognised the . _ mitten this am The (but What- on Sugar Company will meet the farmere' committee soon and take up the 1921 contract. The farther: the- cided not to waitawn until plan-‘5- , ing season, but to have it Worked out, early so they could cut out beets and plan for other cross it the company is not ascend to give a square deal. " Contract Specifies Couferenc'e There are at least three paragraph. in the western contract which will be of particular interest to the Mich- ' igan growers. They read as follows: “That the first party (the grower) shall have the privilege of selecting at his own expense. 8. man of reliable character satisfactory to second per- ty, to check the total and weights of the beets grown under this contract at the receiving station where such beets may be delivered, and the party of the second part will meet with representatives of the Beet Growers' Association for the purpose of agree- ing upon weighmasters and taremen for all receiving stations, and also agree that all weigh stations after being opened up for the season will be open for receiving beets from seven 9.. m until five thirty p. 111. each working day, and that compan I employees will remain on duty untl all wagons are weighed back; also all scales at receiving station shall be inspected during receiving cam- paign, by a competent party. "To permit growers to pile beets on the ground at all stations after October 15th, providing there are no cars in which to load boots on hand and there is no chance of securing same within three hours. “Party of the second part (the em- gar Co.) agrees that before making a. boot contract for the season of 1921, they will meet with the reprem tives of the Beet Growers, ' am” tion, to discuss and endeavor, to draft a contract satisfactory to both parties concerned." " the soil for the crop. . _ ~,‘l’fhicl‘l is the best time", the groWer waits until after his 0011133”; 15 nun.» - “T39 #1 I ,III . “Negotiate With Growers,” Advis’es “Facts About Sugar” THE FOLLOWING article occupied the entire editorial page of the March 27th issue of “Facts about Sugar”, which is published weekly by the “Domestic Sugar Producers, Inc’ , and is “devoted to American sugar production”. The editorial might well have been based upon the controversy which is now at its height here 1n Michigan between beet growers and sugar manufac- . turers. It is an open indictment of the “stiff-necked attitude on the part of company officials who have refused to meet with representatives of their growers” It is a virtual endorsement of the claims .of the" Michigan beet growers to recognition. No grow- er could have presented a better argument for negotiation between himself and the manufacturer than is here presented by the man- ufacturers’ own publication. We submit it Without further com- ment to the sugar beet brewers and particularly to those who may think that the growers’ demands for a conference are unreasonable: Beet Industry’s Big Problem gree of efficiency there is one phase of its operations in which improvement is urgently needed. That is in the relationship between the sugar companies and the growers of boots. “It is natural and perhaps inevitable that differences of, opinion shoulddevelop as to the prices and methods of payment for the crop. Between the minimum figure below which the farmer finds it more profitable to cultivate other crops and the maximum above which the companies find it less unprofitable to close their factories than to ~op- erate them there is a margin which must cover the profits of both parties. The proper division of this margin may be a subject of negoa elation and compromise but such negotiations can and should be carried on in a businesslike way. “This is not a counsel of perfection. It is a thoroughly practical proposal for the reason that it will operate to the advantage Of beth the growers and the companies The method of adjuStment by public controversy is expensive to both sides. The struggle to obtain fifty cents or a dollar a- ten more frequently delays the work of preparing‘ Instead of plowing his beet fields in the fall, “WHILE THE beet sugar industry is conducted with a high de- 1y settled. which is frequently so far along lathe spring that he 18 lots '_ in getting in his crop, is behindhand in his work throughout the season and obtains a final yield of immature beets which nets him less than would a full crop of higher sugar content at the lower rate. The com- pany is unableto place its orders for bags. fuel and other supplies until its officers can form an approximate idea of the volume of boots to be handled and its operations are handicapped in consequence. Abandon- edmreagamferioryieldsandalowqualityodbeetsresulflngfrom delays and lack of co-operetion leave both grower and manufactln'cr dissatisfied. “Our observation hagbeen that a large part of the trouble between beet growers and sugar companies has been caused by outsiders who have stirred up ill feeling among the former from motives not at all slated to a sincere consideration for their welfare. To ascertain de- gree it has been encouraged by a still-necked attitude on the part of company officials who have refused to discuss prices with represent-p tives of their growers but have insisted on confining their business re- lations to individual farmers. Since uniform prices necessarily pre- vail in the territory of every company we can see no good reason why group conferences should meet with objection provided the groups are really representative. To demand that the companies shall submit to the dictation of outside individuals who have nothing at stake either in the growing of beets or the manufacture of sugar is altogether un- reasonable. “Misunderstandings arise from lack of frankness on both sides. Growers are misled by unfounded reports of enormous profits earned by sugar companies and company officials do not take the trouble to ' correct these statements. Farmers put forward exaggerated figures as to the cost of making their crop and insist that these shall be the basis of price agreements. The heat of a contest over prices'is not a. time when frank statements of fact are likely to be offered or accepted. In July and August, when there is a lull in the activities of the growers and companies alike, is a far better time to get together for a full and friendly discussion of problems and conditions. That is the time when growers and company ofleials should begin to lay plans for the follow- ing season. We hope that midsummer of the present your will see .a beginning of such conferences. "The problem of the relationship between growers 3‘de companies isonethathasbeensidesteppedormqtbyunsefl entanglements too long. The future welfare and progress l“yof thevbeet' “ . ‘ industri demands that it be mgocourageously, fraihkiy and in a“ ' 7 _ ' tee m ' ‘ "of mutual accommodafl ,manwhow dmcednrbwfllbpone {k A .1 . near. 01am COOPERATIVE ASS'N THE. Fe ' stock Shipping Assn, postage. . straw, $65.44; 0 BRECKENRIDGE 00-013. ‘ purposes. Justza; few words to readers of M ‘ Organization is the only key to success for" the farmer. e have been shipping our live“ stock torojnly - as few years and day by day we add "new members to our list of shippers of livestock. I can not see how some farmers still hang to the old style of selling to the local buyer and give him the best of the deal. Here we are feeding the stock from 6 months to lyears and whenrwe get the stock ' in shape- to sell, up comes a telephone .‘He talks . call from thelocal buyer. one minute with you and you ‘sell, and in this minute. he makes more clean cash than yon-do in the three are feeding. Why not handle the ness and of our business and get all that belongs to you. Bea! City Live Stock Shipping As- sociation as given by Wm. Bleise, manager of the association. Res- pectfully yoursH—A P. D. Isabella Oo. l‘inpncial report of Beal City Live- Weideman, Mich, Jan. 27, 1919 to Jan. 31, 1920. Total' amount received, $63,- 440.42; total amount paid for stock, $02,641.24; balance for home ex- pense, $799.18. Paid out for man- ager, $266.60; paid telephone and $3.83; paid lumber and paid to insurance fund, $417.20; paid to insurance ex- cess, $17.62; paid to joining fees, $18.00; paid to Michigan Livestock Exchange, $7.00; paid for hardware, $3.49; total, $799.18. Insurance fund, Jan. 31, 1920. Total received from insurance fees and excess, $482.62; total paid out for loss, $426.68; balance on hand, $55.94. Wm. Bleise, Manager. our readers appreciate these little items of news about farmers' oo-opera- tive associations. Let us have more of them.——Editor. ' BUYS -WHEELER ELEVATOR A deal was recently made by which the Breckenridge Farmers’ Elevator purchased and is now operating the Wheeler Elevator. Stock in the Breckenridge elevator was worth 50 per cent or more advance on its or- iginal cost and together with prof- its it was decided to declare a 100 per cent. dividend. The original stock” was nominally $25,000 - but only $15,000 had been sold. This stock dividend made $30,000 stock, an increase to_$75,000 was authoriz- ed and of this $42,000 has already been disposed of. This institution is in a very prosperous state and all the stockholders are pleased with conditions. It is expected that Walt- er Swope will be the new manager. He is an experienced man and will be a very successful manager of this elevator. DEVELOPMENT 01“ U. P. CATTLE INDUSTRY , The following report of the growth of the livestock industry in the upper peninsula was recently made by John A. Doelle, secretary-manager of the .Upper Peninsula Development Bu- roan: “The past three years have brought to upper Michigan some hundred or' more new settlers, representing about twenty-five new ranches devoted to the grazing of approximately 41,000- head of sheep and 6,000 of cattle. The Cloverland Cattle Company, Man- iatique, and the Blaney Land and cattle Company, near Blaney, are - the two largest of the: livestock’op- .. eratione, and these two propositions . are looked upon to test out the cut- over areas 0f Cloverland for gracing They are both well organ- ized and well smeared and the results {achieved by- both should stand as a . criterion for what others may ex- . a ilshwithabiifl'fl- - .means, I herewith ’ ' send you the financial report of the the material. = We do not feel, by any that Clovei‘land has ever gboen fully tested out for sheep and .cattle'. We know that most of our new settlp'rs are making good, and are satisfied. We know, too, that a few have left us and gone back to the West. "Though we know positively that only in one case has there been any complain about the land itself, the general conception is that all of those who left were dissatisfied—and, since we are exploiting this comparatively new country, the criticism has come thick and fast. The Bureau has had to fight most of it—and it is prov- ing a big job. Influential western interests have allied against us in defense ofwth'eir own properties- and reputation. We know that Clover- land can and will make good—but constantly we are met by this de- structive opposition ’which is taxing the Bureau to capacity to fight off. ” MERRITI‘ OO-OPSERATIVE -ASSv’N ORGANIZED A co-operative marketing associa- tion with a membership of over 60 frittrtmers has been organized at Mer- r . am part of Missaukee Co. and cent- rally-located in as good a stock rais- ing and grain gro‘Wlng locality as Michigan affords. This” country is still" in the making with plenty of out over and partially cleared lands for enterprising, progressive ers who. wish to make a home. They will market stock of all kinds—beef, dairy cattle, sheep and hogs as well as wool, cream, poultry, eggs, grain, hay and potatoes. The officers of the Merritt Co-oper- ative Marketing Association are Frank B. Shaw, president; H. H. Hamilton, secretary and J. T. Hoard, treasurer. . WHO GOT PROFITS 0N APPLES “Godfrey 0. Sons, commissionmer- chants, cleaned up. $90,000 on ap- ples last winter, which they bought for $4 and $5 a barrel from the farm- er, and then sold to the retailer for $11 and $12," declared Mayor Hoan of Milwaukee during a speech de- livered in Milwaukee on Friday evening. ‘ “But why did the farmer sell his apples at $4 and $5 a barrel?” you, naturally ask, for the simple reason that he was not organized to market them himself. He must either take that" or let them rot, so he took what he could get. " The commission mer- . chant was prepared to buy them in a time of plenty, at harvest, and then placed them in storage until Mr. Merritt is situated in the east-- farm- , Consumerpwas ready to shell out the mazuma for them. ' He charged all he could get and since Mr. Consum- er was getting big wages and had plenty of money he charged a plenty for fear the money might otherwise burn a hole in Mr. C.’s pocket. But why blame the other fellow for tak- ing the money when the producer and consumer are too indifferent to get busy and help themselves? Mr. Farmer doesn' t want the money, it gives him a headache to take care of it and Mr. Consumer doesn’t want it because he fears that it is “the root of all evil.” AWAKENING IN N. E. MICHIGAN Any one who has paid attention to Northeastern Michigan during the past quarter century and who has watched its rather slow development since its first big asset, the pine for- ests, were swept away by the demand for number and who sees the spirit which the various communities are going at a new development cannot but help to give notice to the awak- ened energy which has come to these communities. Boards of commerce, farm bureaus, farmers’ co-operative societies are springing up all over the district and are taking an active part in making their individual communities better places for homes and far better plac- es in which to liVe and enjoy life than in the crowded industrial cities, where people often occupy beds in relays and where the rent of a single room is fre- quently more than that of a comfort- able house in a smaill community, and where the profiteer fixes his price for necessities according to the wages paid by the factomies. Good roads are being constructed in every county and are helping, not only to make life more comfortable for those who live near them, but are attracting hundreds of outsiders every year, especially during the summer season when the lakes and streams, the trout, bass and pike fishing, lure the city—weary men and women to the great ,out-oi-doors. Northeastern Michigan, with its fertile fields, its streams and its lakes and even with its stretches of jack pine plains, is a wonderful coun~ try, one that is better to come to than it is to go away flrom, and the people who are already a part of it will do well, not only to stay here, but to help spread its fame throughout the land by telling of the good things which it offers and by continuing the splendid spirit of cooperation and helpfulness which has been aroused ’among them "during the past few years. My, Experience in Draining Quicksand EN YEARJS ago I moved from central Ind. to Newaygo county, ‘Mich., and bought a farm. After framing it a year I found' that tile drainage was needed on much of it. As there was no tile mill available I concluded to buy a hand cement tile machine. We operated it in the base‘-" ment of the house in winter months, putting in all of our winter outputthe ffollowing spring. They are all hold-1.. ing up good except the swamp land, just begun decaying. Will say in re- gard to the cement tile-they will .not stand up in any acid soil as the acid eats upthe limeand they decay. Soil that has sufficient lime, .they become iirmerwbut will say that I like them very much where I have to go through. a bad piece of quicksand as the ends are straight and lay Closer together. EiVe years ago we bought 1.09 acres 0n the banks of the. Muskegon river, . 125 feet above river bed- with many of the old river channels running across it and very wet and spi’ingy. We were ~ not in need of any outlet but some - method to tilerdrdin it, as the man we , .uih out had Iailedf' Who}; egg came. influential 16 sizes satisfaction. whole thing would tumble in on us. We managed to get about four rods and abandoned it until fall; then com- pleted it by putting one rod or two in each day, letting the water drain out of the quicksand. If anyone does not know the nature of quicksand, just pour a few shot in a vial of water and hold it up and look at it. Quicksand. is round of any size and will run with water, turning your the on end. Many swamps and slews could be drained in Michigan by put- ting your tile in, in the fall, when "there is no water, by going below the quicksand or draining the water off by degrees. other sand when the water is drained off from it. I have improved many quicksand swamps and bogs in the past 10 years. All are giving perfect Gravel or cinders are the top soil, in fact anything that will screen the water out of the sand pack- .1118 any of the three tightly around the .tile. .ilaggy bogs when I would sink out of I have hauled gravel to these sight digging my ditch ahead of me and laying a single tile at a time, pouring gravel on it. and pack it under . it am it became perfectly ,.Hersman bill .Quicksand is as solid as any. . tip to the am is expcetpd-q‘. _ "recs 0)!!st report for M' “a: AM5 31:33:? W fix " Gnmuenu A SUCCESSFUL SALE One of the most successful sales of the season and the first private sale to be held under the management of the Michigan Holstein Frieisian As- sociation occurred at Lansing on April lst when Dwight G. Rapp dis- persed his splendid herd of thirty head of Holsteins for a total of $9,- 775, or an average of $325 per head. The top price of $800 was paid by James B. Jones of Detroit, Mich., for the splendid show cow and pro- ducer, Rosa Belle Nudine 2nd. The junior sire sold for $700 and a 25- 1b. four year old, Elmhurst Elsie Pon- tiac Clotho brought $600. The heav— iest buyer was E. F. Leland of Fort Wayne, Ind., who purchased eight head of the best for a total of $3,100. The fact that everything was abso- lutely guaranteed and sold on a 60 day guarantee against tuberculosis with retest privilege gave the buyer every protection and bidding was lively throughout. FARM BUREAU BACKS COLLECT- IVE BARGAININ G Receiving word that the Capper- legalizing collective bargaining by farmers was being held up in committee, Sec’y Bingham, of the Michigan State Farm Bureau, recently dispatched a.letter, a copy of which follows, to each Michigan con- gressman and senator: “Michigan farmers are anxious for action on the Capper-Hersman col— lective bargaining legislation now be- fore Congress and it is the request of the Michigan State Farm Bureau, representing 37,548 Michigan farm- ers, that you endeavor to haVe this measure reported out Of committee at an early date and urge its passage. “Collective buying and selling of products Innst be done by farmers if they are to obtain full value of their products. Their natural isolated conditions make individual sale and purchase of commodities costly and unsatisfactory in a. variety or ways, hence the vital need of the farmers, not only of Michigan but of the en- tire country, for legislation such as the Cappcr-Hersman bill is intended to be.” POTATO MARKETS REMAIN FIRM There was a limited to moderate movement of. white varieties at Michigan and Minnesota shipping points. Demand and wire inquiry were fairly active. Prices ranged 10c higher than last week at $5.70 to $6.10 sacked per 100 pounds f. o. b. shipping points. Middle western consuming markets also were firm, advancing 15c to $.65 to $6.15. St. Louis and Kansas City were again higher than the other markets at $6.15 to $6.50. New York round whites N0. 1 gained about 30c reach- ing $5.55 to $6.15 with moderate de- mand. In New York bulk round whites No. 1 ranged $5.70 to $5.85 per 100 pounds. Maine Greenmoun- tains were again unchanged in New York at $5.55 to $5.85. Shipments the past week were lighter than the previous week by about 350 cars and nearly 1,000 less than during this period last season 2,563 cars were shipped compared with 2,914 last week and 3,408 the same week last year. Virginia Norfolk section plant- ing is still in progress but the ground is wet from heavy rains. Seed stock is still slow in arriving. Florida— After the early damage to the Hast- ings section from water and frost a comparatively small crop was ex:- pected but from the present appear- ‘ance of the vines, the crop will be much larger than seemed possible- three weeks ago. A few potatoes will move from the section during April. The bulk of the crop will move, bewever, after May 10 with - the movement running over into. early June. Wit the season later than usual, seen to yield, figures. can not be determined at present. The crop however, is in excellent con-J dition at present and a yield at lpest WHEAT RRIOEB Pill! 80.. APR.13. .1220 , one. mil-ell. thggj . N.- ' , fio. 2 Had 2:72. :8. “No.?2m1u...5270 ..sm No. 2 some .. 2.10 .2102 “was mu: me moo g Made looms 10771029) I. -¥. 5 pun. 2 Red ...... sales 3 2.50 . gm 1 " 1%.!"th .. . 233 2.47 ‘Jljl two. 2 mmd .... 2.38 22.27 :2.se 3 The DetrOit wheat price is the highest today or the season the mar- ‘ket advancing ten cents per bushel since-Jest week. 'There is active de- mand Itor this grain, «a considerable amount or Which is now going over» seas. The milling demand was good .prior .to £118 rail .strike, 'but 'the shut- ding oi! .01 electric .power may “les- sen this demand temporarily. 'Re— posts .trom the fall wheat acreage continue to be of a discouraging na- ture, the abandoned acreage exceed- ing the- average by a large margin, and many of the fields now in bear— ing being infested with the Hessian fly. In the face of such conditions no one would assume to say to what heights Wheat may go before the 1921 crop 'fs' harvested. "cons peers arms swamps: s . CORN PRICES «PER BIL, iIPR. 18, “1020' T crude Mullah”: I. . . v No. 2 Yellow 4.2. 4.9155.» No, a Yellow 1.1a ' No. a Wiiow .. mos a PRICES on: run one In...“ leomlflcmuo-l 51' ‘ 'No. 2 Vellow . 1130“: No. a Yellow 1.6: 4.50 1.20 . No. a “Yellow ”1.62, 1:68 ‘ 1.7a Corn was strong with other grains at the close so! last week but on 11c- l'connt so! the d-ifiiculty of dealers 'r'te get their cars switched which forced them (to pay demurrage charges, buy- ing has dropped mt 'considerably and there is an easier tone to the mar-- ‘ket. .As soon :as the rail congestion in like local yards ‘ie oelieved and dealers can snake :good roe their males activity is expected to -be resumed at least until such time ‘as the suspend- ed transportation 101 the roonntry gets into motion again land supplies lin- omen. who bears Who have been so con- spicuous in the corn market for months past seem to have lost cour— saemndftheremm who dare with on lower prices. Opinion is practically unanimous that this mar- bet mu tend upward until athe mew crop is harvested. 0319 mom NEW MM LEVEL em mm was am. an. on. mean: . w. [mu lonlogo .2. u. - NT Mm. ...: 7.1.2 mos - ‘ 11:. 2 mm. 1.12 i 1.112% ‘ 'mcwmu 1.11 . ‘Pmcse bus was no 1 Grade metro". ’omamo' II. . ‘ ....... l :10 £3 a: .1 Hie. ewmu ._‘ .. 1 , No. 4 mm. .29 .so 30 Oats have reached $1.18 'per bush- e’l 'on' the Detroit market, and gain: strength every day. ‘Thds crop is woefully short and a good many who had hopes ’of large supplies back in the farmers' hands have at 'last come to realize this fact. {Oats have ‘been in moderately good demand for ex- port on the season. It was expected that the out states would ‘increase their acreage materially this spring but early forecasts of ‘the acreage do not bear out that explication. The backward spring from which a‘ll'see- tions or file country are sadism: mes , delayed seeding and dormers she get- unsasy. 'Wh‘i‘le *it is yet too early moire a prediction ~on “the “1‘9” m acreage it ’is not believed that it «an be unuch more than normed. use would be an unusual situation for as a generafl rude farmers plant dream or a crop following 2 season of sour- city and high prices. *Oa'ts «111m we sate crop "tor Michigan this your. RYEAND 3mm Bye «continues 111nm, .but there do . mailman men-tome“. rho- »oeue 50f mmmeW The 13m“ thew W is quot- ' d'at'§1.97.. :Barley hudkewlseod- vanes. also or three ordinary emits tumm trainer ' ‘ Mlogunflmm ~ "em. and am. in the fruit deal -- m mm and month one. study, dmugmwemm barium Elm year-iv- (about Wand a Dunla- iii agreement that prices hadreached‘ theinm Wand thetan: chang- es would; be. dbmwardt. 'l'.‘hirty~ dam. age: fem vuiuolr ovum higher, but. with; theiprophetss stilli quoting: script.- . use, statistics, and pmcedent'. to. prove: that the. crest! had been: reached. But -the “false prophets” of. the Bible'had nothing on the potato prophets of 1920'. The potato market is still soaring and no man knows to what heights it may go. It is inevitable. that some farmers should have been deceived. by the reports and predictions: that have been made and been a little hast-y in disposing. of their holdings. Tim Bosmuss FARMEB advised its readers to hold their potatoes until late in December when it recommended. that a portion of them be sold. The price at that time was good: in comparison with the. prices of? the previous two: years, and we. feared that. prices might repede as they. had so frequent- ly done in. previous years- following the holiday season. Fortunately, this did not happen, but we contin- ued to advise our readers who had their stock stored in readily available places, to keep feeding their supplies to the market gradually, believing that this practice would if followed consistently bring to the majority of growers the largest possible returns for their crop. Hundreds of farm- ers who stored' their potatoes in pits last fall and were unable to reach them until spring found their stock frosted and even the high prices in— sufficient to compensate them for the loss sustained by reason of their hod-ing them over. Others who stor— ed- their potatoes in. this- manner without any damage to. the spuds have» profited by- so doing. Some farmers have taken: excep- tion: to the; advice given- by Tm: Bos- mEss Possum: claiming that by fol- lowing it they lost money, investi— gation: shows that the majority of». than did’ not follbw this. to: bed; . their potatoes 1m war-album sold: 11-11 m holdings last December- when ’ the letter. A md may we adrised them to soil‘a part. They thought they would go us: one better; concluding that if it“ was our 11mg,- ment that"; it. was good business to. sell apant of‘the crop, it W831 better bus- iness: to sell all, which was, of course, not; the? case:. We are frank to ad- mit' that: farmers who: followed our advice to the letter and fed their po- tatoes to the market gradually have not' received as much money from their crop as those whd‘ ignored this advice and held all their spuds till this spring, Yet at no time since January lst has the price been so low as to cause the farmer who sold‘ an actual loss. This fact is inescap- able: That had all the farmers of the country withheld their potatoes from the market last winter waiting for the higher prices of spring, the con- sumer Would have gene without po- tatoes, and warm weather would have seen hundreds of carloads dumped onto the market to meet a. decreased whmh demand. and consumption, Would have resulted in low prices and losses to the farmer. It must be apparent to everyone that some farmers must lose or sell at a low price in order that other farmers may secure the top price. Not all can 'get the highest price of the sea- son. For price is subject to many influences aside from. supply and de- mand, such as wez‘1thc1, movement, condition of supplies, prices Of other foods, etc. Some time 'when all the farmers of the country are organized the po~ tato growers will recognize the ab— solute necessity of selling portions of theii crop at stated seasons of the year. All that is necessary for them to do to prove to their own satisfac- tion the wisdom of such a course is to refer back to former years, and figure out in dollars 3 "its the practice that would have brought them in the greatest amount of mon- ev Bairymen Want a Central Distributiné Plant commas from page 3) like a- faiv “consider to Judge Con- My and. we understand that he has taken the matter under advisement and will take some action to oificial» 1y determine what the: farmers: should vaccine for their milk. during." the per» ted in? which their. fair prices to- the consumer may be: in force. Addition» :1: hearings are being, held upon the matter as we go to press. Would Dairymen Strike? It has been rumored that the dairy- men might strike if the price fixed by the Fair Price Board““vvas too low to pay them cost» of production. While there is not, of course, any law which prevents an individual from refusing to produce milk or. anything else- the Lever law through which the F'air Price Board gets its legal authority, expressly forbids two or more persons to conspire for the pur- pose of limiting production of. food- stuffs and under this law which will remain in effect until the treaty of peace with Germany is signed, it would: clearly be illegal for the mem- bers of the Milk Producers‘ Ass'n to agree. among themselves to reduce production and” sale. of their: product. It is not believed however, that such an eventuality as this is 1111-er to oc- cur. Present negotiations are likely to result in a continued fair price to the farmer which will enable him to carry on his business without loss or curtailment. The development in the Detroit area is. particularly untortunate at this time because of the surplus of dairy products. Farmers who have sold. mill; to condensation banal: 1 ‘ foilbapinahatslackomd die- In. the dais: dist: - Chicago farmers are receiving but 3250 per cwt. for. their milk, and their Association. held a big meeting down there last week to determine what should be done; It goes without saying that the dairy industry cannot stand the loss which now seems inevitable without serious damage. Farmers will cer- tainly'be. obliged to reduce their herds and cut down. production. Then in. time the vast surplus of condensed milk may be consumed and conden- saries will again be in the market. But by that time the dairy herds will have been depleted, and we shall have another period of shortage and high prices, to be followed in due season by surplus and low prices. Would Advertise Product The only means that. has been sug- gested for getting rid of the milk surplus without loss to the produc— er, is to advertise the product, and create, a greater demand from the people oil the cities. Manufacturers and producers of nearly all other cemmodi-tiesspend enormous sum in advertising their product, and with good. results. The. Michigan Milk Producors' Ass’n has an. advertising. fund but it is not large enough. to secure appreciable results. Under a. plan which we are not at presen’t at liberty to disclose the State Associa- tion hopes to inaugurate, with the approval of the members, an inten- sive advertising. campaign, to cost at mist $40,000 one—half‘ of which will borne by the producers and the other half by the distributors. At such matings as this proposition has been discussed, the majOrity of the producers have favored it, and it is our conviction that the plan mentioned. it. backed by sufficient ,amouot of money, will increase the demand consumption. of dairy ' How. lhng‘ this. condition was eonw . titres: must be left to conjeetnne J... D“. Hallltlanpresidfent of‘thesNati-nne ' 31. Wool". Warehouse Company at; Chis ca’go, himself an extensiive wool": grower, who: says: “Supply of. grease wool, here and; abroad’, while ample: for prosert‘ needs is meeting. an extraordinary demand. so that growers need feel, no concern about maintenance of? prices. Manufacturing equipment in; this country and abroad is working to full capacity, weavers in the Unit~ ed States consuming about (-30 mil— lion pounds of wool monthly. The buying power of the public appears ample and well distributed. which coupled with the temperamental dis- position of the American people to buy beyond actual needs when means are plentiful, supplies the require- - ments of a strong wool market. “An unusual situation is presented. in the wide range of prices between the different grades of wool, which; is without precedent and is the di-- rect result of an insistent consump— tive demand for fine fabrics. This hasrimpaired the market for medium: and coarse wools». It is a conditiom not likely to continue, however; probability being that attractive and? serviceable fabrics resulting from the blending of coarse and fine wools; will in due time appeal to the sen- timent and common sense of the buy- ing public, resulting in readjustment of prices favorable to medium and coarse grades.” UNCLE HERE SPINACH SAYS (Continued from, page 4) receivin’ loss than they are entitled to and two railroad 00111111111183 un- willin’ to pay a fair wage to men in dangerous occupations will be the means of throwing thousands of men an’ women out of employment, will prevent the shipment of the necessi- ties of life into the city, will help the farmers from d‘i‘sposin’ of their farm products, will shut off the supply of raw material from hundreds of the factories an’ stagnate business en.— tirely for nobody knows. how long. Whatisatrue of Battle Creek is true of hundreds of‘ other cities aa’ com- munities an’ yet there is no law to reach such matters—the government through congress am’ president Wiln son or who ever it is that’s responsi— ble for the laws of this free democ- racy have been so. busy jangllng over the League of Nations an’ what we shall do for European countries that, by gash they've forgot that we have a country of our own to look after an’ everything seems to be run- ning loose and wild don’t seem to be no head to anything an’ kinda looks like we would all go to the devil an’ nothin’ being done to stop us. Seems to me there might be some sort of commission appointed who would have absolute authority to settle all disputes between labor— ers and employers an’ if either party refused to abide by their decision jest lock ’em up until they come to their senses. Sure it is, if there is not some-thin’ done purty soon there is goin’ to. be a jamboree right here in free America. that will. make the little squabbles over in Europe, that country that our president loves so wellylook like a summer picnic. When men. are out of work 811' money runs law an' expenses more high an’ hunger stares ’em inthe face an’ their family are gettin’ destttuto than look outl. Darn rash thoughts gets into a fel’i’er‘s system at such a time an’ strange things happen an’ who will the blame rest oa——not on Europe nor on the hungry and. do; titute, but, seems to me the govern- ment down at Washington will have V a. with” serious subject m thought. What do you think? Cordially yours —U?N.'CLE Roam. ' WEB Counsel—4‘“ the prisoner sober?" 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Hundreds of our friends are ,~ stung a nice sum each week by doing a ' itt'le extra work. A trial will convince yo '- For particulars writs 51511: Business Farmer . half . deeper into the Cordilleras to ov- ertake the rest of their party ahead, and while the oil fields of Juchitan continued still farther on, in the heart of the Cor- dilleras, were preparing other events- destined to bring together all pur- suers and all pursued—Francis and Henry and Leoncia and their partY; ,the peon; the party of the hacienda- dos; and the gendarmes of the Jets and, along with them Alvarez Torres, eager to win for himself not only the promised reward of Thomas Regan but the possession of Leoncia Solano. In a cave sat a man and a woman. Pretty the latter 'was, and young, 8. mestiza, or half—caste woman. By the light of a cheap kerosene-lamp she read aloud from a calf bound tome which was a Spanish transla- tion of Blackstone. Both were bare- footed and bare—armed, clad in hood- ed gabardines of sack—cloth. Her hood lay back 'on her shoulders, ex- of hair. But the old man’s hood was cowled about his head after the fash- ion of a monk. The face, lofty and ascetic, beaked with power, was pure Spanish. Don Quixote might have worn precisely a similar face. But there was a. difference. The eyes of this old man were closed in the per- he behold a windmill at which to tilt. He sat, while the pretty mestiza read to him, listening and brooding, for all the world in the pose of Rod- in’s “Thinker.” Nor was he a dream- er, nor a tilter of windmills, like Don Quixote. Despite his blindness, that ever veiled the apparent face of the world in invisibility, he was a man of action, and his soul was any- ingly beneath the show of things to the heart and the soul of the world and reading its inmost sins and ra- pacities and noblenesses and virtues. He lifted his hand and put a pause in the reading, while he thought aloud from the context of the read- ing. “The law of man,” he said with slow cerfitude, “is today a game of wits. Not equity, but wit, is the game of law today. The law in its inception was good; but the way of the law, the practice of it, has led men off into false pursuits. They have mistaken the way for the goal, the means for the end.» Yet is law law, and necessary, and good. Only, law, in its practice today, has gone as- tray. Judges and lawyers engage in competitions and affrays of wit and learning, quite forgetting the plain- tiffs and defendants, before them and paying them, who are seeking equity and justice and not wit and learn- ing. “Yet is old Blackstone right. Un- der it all, at the bottom of it all, at the beginning of the building of the edifice of the law, is the quest, the earnest and sincere quest of right- eous men, for justice and equity. But what is it that the Preacher said? “They made themselves many inven- tions.’ And the law, good in its be- ginning, has been invented out of all its intent, so that it serves neither litigants nor injured ones, but mere- ly, the iatted judges and the lean and hungry lawyers who. achieve names and paunches if they prove themselves cleverer than their op- ponents and than the judges who render decision." He paused, still posed as Rodin's “Thinker,” and meditated, while the mestlza wOman waited. his custom- ary signal to resume the reading. At last, as out a profound of thought in which universes had been Weighed in the balance, he spoke: , “But we have law here in the Cor- dilleras of Panama, that is just and right and all .of equity. ‘We work for no man and serve not even pann- 'ches. Sack-cloth and not broadcloth conduces to the equity of judicial de- cision. Read on, Mercedes. Black- stone is always right it always right- ly read—which is What is called a paradox, and is what modern law or?» dlnarlly is, a paradox. . Blackstone ' is ,7 h . escape to the boat posing her black and .generoushead petual dark of the blind. Never could ' thing but blind, penetrating unerr-. ga’nd Hear-y Morgan, lagged .. Bead on. -‘ 391... L' But the 51m 01' was Chapters RANOIB- macaw: New York millionaire. ...":::.".::1.:°1::.*"s:.°°'~°r .. My 1:... an rs on or plans to' 1611111 slim». "9113M. " i holdings. Regan can “Term. a’ dark-skinned visitor from the Barflbean Isl-lids who knows of a treasure buried by a. pirate ancestor of Fran- cis,’ to lure young Francis away. The lure works and Francis starts out alone. He lands on an Island whither he has been beckoned by a girl on the shore. The girl mistakes Francis for a lover with whom she has quarreled. Francis explores another Island where he meets a young man who gives his name as. Henry Morgan and proves 10110.3 a relative of Francis.’ He Is also hunting for the treasure. They form a partnership; Francis learns that Henry Is the lover of the girl he met and that her name is L'eoncla Soleno. Francis returns to the first Island where he I: captured by Torres and the Jets Politico of San Antonio. They proclaim him to be Henry, whom they wish to hang for a murder he did not commit. They are about to hang him when Henry appears. They release Francis and- throw Henry Into prison.- The Solenos and Francis release Henry and they that Francis has chartered. They are pursued by Torres and the dots with his soldiers. They land on an island where they procure horses and start through the hills with the Jets and his gang In pursuit. wrongs are cleverly committed by clever men in his name. "’ Ten minutes later, the blind think- er raised his head, snii’fed the air, and gestured the girl to pause. Tak- ing her one from him, she, too, sniff- ed: “Perhaps it is the lamp, 0 Just One,” she suggested. “It is burning oil,” he said. “But it .is not the lamp. It is from far away. Also, have I heard shooting in the canyomns ” “I heard nothing ” she began. “Daughter, you who see have not the need to hear that I have. There have been many shots fired in the canyons. Order my children to in- vestigate and make report.” BoWing reverently to the old man who could not see but who, by' keen- trained hearing and conscious timing of her every muscular action, knew that she had bowed, the young wo- man lifted the curtain of blankets and passed out into the day. At either side the cave—mouth sat a man of the peon class. Each was armed with rifle and machete, while through their girdles were thrust naked- bladed knives. At the girl's order, both arose and bowed, not to her, but to the command and the invisible source of command. One of them tapped with a back of his machete against the stone upon which he had been sitting, then laid his ear to the stone' and listened. In truth, the stone was but the out-jut of a vein of metalliferous ore that extended across and through the heart of the mountain. And beyond, on the op,— posite slope, in an eyrie command- ing the magniflcient panorama of the descending slopes of the Cordilleras, sat another peon, Who first listened with his ear pressed to similar metal- liferous quartz, and next tapped re— sponse with his machete. After that, he stepped half a dozen paces to a tall trees, half dead, reached into the hollow heart of it, and pulled on the rope within as a man might pull who\./\ was ringing a steeple hell. But no sound was evoked. In- stead a lefty branch, fifty feet above. his head, sticking out from the main trunkxlike a semaphore arm, moved up and down like the semaphore arm it was. Two miles away, on a moun- tain crest, the branch of a similar semaphore tree replied. Still be- yond that, and farther down the slopes, the flashing of a hand-mirror in the sun heliographed the relaying of the blind man’s message from the cave. And all that portion of Cordilleras became v-oluble with cod- ed speech of vibrating ore-veins, sun-flashings, and waving tree- branches. 1 ' While Enrico ,Solano, .slenderly erect on his home as an Indian youth and conveyed on either side by his sons, Alesandro and Ricardo, hang- ing to his ‘saddle trappings, made the best of the time afforded them by ‘Francis’ rear guard battle with the gendarmes, Leoncia, on her me __I;, one or the Other as c .. the ' Henry Morgan. eager for th e companionship of its mate ahead, re- . , fused to obey the rein, .‘Cllt up and f pranced, and then deliberately set. tied into a: balk. ‘Dianmunting and “’ throwing the reins on'the- ground in . the Panamanian method of tether- ing a saddle horse, Leoncia trick the back trail on foot. So rapidly did she follow Henry, that she was al- most treading on his heels when- he encountered Francis and the peon. The next moment, both Henry and Francis were chiding her for her con— duct; but in both their voices was the inVoluntary tenderness of. love, which pleased neither to hear the other uttering. Their hearts more active than their heads, they were caught in to- tal surprises by the party of hacien- dados that dashed out upon them with covering rifles from the sur- rounding jungle. Despite the fact that they captured the runaway peon, whom they proceeded to kick and cuff, all would have been well with Leoncia and the two Mor- gans had the owner or’the peon, the old-time friend of the Solano tarm— -ily, been present. ,‘But an attack of the malarial fever, which was his due every third day, had stretched him out in a chill near the burning oil- field. Nevertheless, blows they reduced the though by their peon to weepings and pleadings on his knees, the haciendados were courteously gentle to Leoncia and quite decent to Francis and Henry, even though they tied the hands of the latter two behind them in preparation for the march up the ravine slope to where the horses had been left. But upon the peon, with Latin-American cruel- ty, they continued to reiterate their rage. Yet were they destined to arrive nowhere, by themselves, with their captives. , Shouts of joy heralded the debouchment upon the scene of the Jefe’s gendarmes and of the Jets and Alvarez Torres. Ar-ose at once the rapid-fire, staccato, bastard-Latin or all men of both parties'of pursuers, trying to explain and demanding ex- planation at one and the same time. And while the farrago of all talking simultaneously and of no one win- ning anywhere in understanding, made anarchy of speech, Torres with a nod to Francis and a sneer of tri- umph to Henry, ranged before Leon— cia and b‘owed low to her in true and deep hldalgo courtesy and respect. “Listen 1"he said, low voiced, as she rebuffed him with an arm move- ment of repulsion. “Do not misun- derstand me. Do not mistake me. I am here to save you, and, no matter what may happen, to protect you. You are the lady of my dreams. I will die for you-—yes, and gladly, though far more gladly, would I live for you.’ “I do not understand, " she replied curtly. “I do not see life or death in the issue. We have done no wrong. I have done no wrong, nor has my father. Nor has Francis Morgan, nor has Henry Morgan. Therefore, sir, the matter is not a question of life or death.” Henry and Francis, shouldering- close to Leoncia, on either side, lis~ tened and caught through the hub- ble-bubble of many voices the con— versation. of Leoncia and Torres. “It is a question absolute of cer- tain death by‘ execution for Henry ‘ Morgan,” Torres persisted. "Proven beyond doubt is his conviction for the murder of. Alfaro V'Solano, who. was your own full-blood uncle and your father's own full-blood broth- er. There is no chance to save But Francis Mor- gan can I save in all surety, ii— “If?” Leoncia queried, with almost the snap of jaws of a she~leopard. wiy, tried to 111111;! . ‘her horse about. ‘ animal ‘ ii, . Panama at once.”,'- ‘ toffee than “Gringo Cur !_” _Torr§8.r rétfll‘ted‘h as, 4.. . .‘ .. with an open back- handed blow, he~ struck Henry on the mouth "03 the imita'mt Henry’s foot shot out, and the kick- in TorrBS' “drove. ,him staggering inithedirection 7 "of Francis, who was no less quick .{ , . abruptly. ' too, have beaten me and without. «cause sis bruised and term Again I annals}. these two men with injustice. " . 'forward and fell "J uchitan. with a kick of his own. Back and forth like a shuttlecock between the battl'edores, Torres was kicked from ‘ one man; to «the other, until the gen- darmes seized the two Grin-gos and ,began to beat them in. their helpless- ness. Torres not only urged the gen- darmes on, but himself drew a knife, and, a red tragedy might have hap- pened with offended Latin—American bl-ood up and raging, had not a score or more of armed men silently ap- peared and silently taken charge of the situation. Some of the mysteri- ous newcomers were clad in cotton singlets and trousers and others Were in cowled gabardines of sack? cloth. . The gendames and haciendados re- coiled in fear, crossing themselves, muttering prayers and ejaculating: “The Blind Brigand. "’ “The Cruel ,Just One. "’ “They are his people i” “We are lost. ” But the much-beaten peon sprang on his bleeding knees before a stern-faced man who appeared to be the leader of the Blind Brigand’s men. From the mouth of the peon poured forth a stream ofloud lamentation and out- cry» for justice. " ‘” 'You know that justice to which you appeal?" the leader spoke gut- ‘turally. ' “Yes, the Cruel Justice," the peon replied. “I know what it means to appeal‘to the Cruel Justice, yet do I appeal, for I seek justice and my cause is just.” “I, too, demand the Cruel Jus- tice !” Leoncia cried with flashing eyes, although she added in an un- dertone to Francis and Henry: “Whatever the Cruel ‘Justice is.” . “It will have to go some to be un- fairer than the justice we can expect from Torres and the Jefe,” Henry zeplied in similar undertones, then stepped forward boldly before the cowled leader and said loudly: “And [demand the Cruel Justice." The leader nodded. “Me, too,” Francis murmured low and then made l‘oud demand. The gendarmes did not seem to count in the matter, while the ba- ciendados signified their willingness to abide by whatever justice the Blind Brigand might mete out to them. Only the Jefe objected. “Maybe you don’t know who I am,” he blustered. "I am Mariano Vercara e Hijos, of long illustrious name and long and honorable career. I am Jefe Politico of San Antonio, the highest friend of the governor, and high in the confidence of the government of the Republic of Pan— ama. I am the law. There is but one law and one justice, which is of Panama and not in the Cordilleras. I protest against this mountain‘ law you Call the Cruel Justice. I shall send an army against your Blind Brigand, and the buzzards will peck his bones in SanJu-an.” “Remember,” Torres sarcastically warned the irate Jefe, “that this is not San Antonio, but the bush of Also, you have no army. ” “Have these two men been unjust to any one who has appealed to the Cruel'Justlce?” the leader asked . “Yes, ” asserted the peon. -..“Thsy.y My hand is bloody. My my, to the Cruel justice, and. I charge The leaderdnodded andfito his Y :1 dog. '” Henry snarie'? ed- at him, struggling with his tied hands behind his back in an effort. side “ : er‘ crests "beyond. "‘I have a vague memory that som‘eivhere around \a million years ago I used to live in a, - quiet little old burg called New York, where we foolishly thought we were the-wildest and wickedest that ever cracked at a golf ball, electrocuted an Inspector of Police, battled with Tammany, or bid four nullos with five sure tricks in one’s own hand. " .. ‘ 'IHuh, ”i ' Henry vouchsafed, half; an hour later,; as the trail, from a lesser crest, afforded a view or high- ' “Huh ! and hell’s -These gunny-sack chaps are not animals of savages. Look, Fran- cis! They are semaphoring! See that‘near tree there, and that big one across the canyon. Watch the branch- es wave. " bells ! Blindfold for a number of miles at the last, the prisoners, still blind- folded, were led into the cave where the Cruel Justice reigned. When the bandages were removed, they found thmselves in a vast and lofty cavern, lighted by many torches, and, con- fronting them, a blind and white- haired man in sackcloth, seated on a rock hewn throne, with, beneath him, her shoulder at his knees, a pretty meetiza woman. The blind man spoke, and in his grinned to Leon: Jere could summon heart of courage to protest against Cordilleras law. “There is a wOman present," con-‘ tinued the Blind Brigand. “Let her speak first. All mortal men and we- men are- guilty of semething or else are charged by their fellows with some guilt.” Henry and Francis were for with- straining her, but with an equal smile toxthgem—she-ja'ddressed the ,CruelJust _ "One inele’ar'aln'd ringingtones: _ “ '-“I’have’only aided the man Lam engaged to. marry to escape from death for a‘ murder he did not com- mit.” “You hate spoken,” said the Blind Brigand. “Come forward to me.” Piloted by sackcloth men, while the two Morgans Who loved her were restless and perturbed, she was made to kneel at the blind man’s knees. The mestiza girl placed his hand on Leoncia’s head. For a full and solemn minute silence obtained while the steady fingers of the Blind One rested about her forehead and registered the pulse-beats of her temples. Then he moved his hand and leaned back to decision. “Arise, Senorita,” be pronounced. “Your heart is clean of evil. You go free—Who else appeals to the Cruel Justice?” it'll heldlback, and not even the ' p . man and I are-of thesame name, and, distantly, of the same blood.” He,"too, knelt, and felt the soft ' finger lobes play delicately over his brows and temples and come to rest ' finally on the pulse of his wrist. “It is not all clear to me," said~ the Blind One. “You are not at rest nor at peace with your soul._ There is trouble within you that vex— es you.’ Suddenly the peon stepped forth and spoke unbidden, his voice evok- ing a thrill as of the shock of blas- phemy from the sackcloth men. L‘Oh, Just One, let this man go,” said the peon passionately. “Twice was I weak and betrayed him to his enemy this day, and twice this day has he protected me from my enemy and saved me." And the peon, once again on his knees, but this time at the knees of justice, thrilled and shivered with superstitious awe, as he felt wander over him the light but firm finger— touches of the strangest judge man ever knelt before. Bruises and lec- eration were swiftly explored even to the shoulders and down the back. “The other man goes free," the Cruel Just One, announced. “Yet is there trouble and unrest withinrhim. (Continued on page 15) Clip a a ‘ Atari-{mt 2', ' . A * clean. clipped clean. I length —- and clips i . the grass clean. This is.possible g , because of the tri- 4 1’ angular design of .“ u—A “Hp—.w wu. [4/2 CLEAN crop of 'bay represents good profits—when it is clipped Every ragged spot where the mower fails to follow the ground (rough places) represents lost bay— less profit—because the grass is not McCormick, Deering, and Milwaukee mowers work so that the cutter bar follows the ground whether it is smooth or rough. The sickle clips down into the hollows, and with equal facility skims over the knolls, with the cut- ; .. ter bar close to the ground its full - thedrag bar whmh lNTERNATIONAL HARvssrsmc Clean Crop Clean 1 p. '7 t ’ ._ v m a ' .fl-IT M17114! \ "/ ' , " .- ’ / ‘ ragged clipping, wheels, or clogging of sickle. Q!" MIR!“ " w surface. Result: No lost hay through lost traction of drive Many such superior features in ormick, Deering, and Milwau- kee mowers and rakes, and 1n Inter- national side-delivery rakes, ted- 1 ders, combination rakes and fed- ders, loaders, sweep rakes, stackers, etc., recommend these hay tools to every discriminating farmer. these are of the same high standard of quality and efficiency, about any of them. nearby International full—line dealer. -__—.—_—~- _. MPANY USA V v All And see your I likewise herpes 'th'e"'1nanv to up, 1,, cape from an undeserved death. The , ' Write us _ . : : 21 “were, SA’BURDAI. APRIL 11.1020 Published every Saturday by them “III. “'0“.an WWW” fl. Mm, ”than floultuml MIN mom-mm 111“” New . cthe “minted , 0E0. :‘I. W \..>.-...~........»...._..-.........PUBLISHE!!. FORREST LORD ............. .. ....v..............m ABSOCIXM Frank R. Schslck ............... Assistant Mn “11...: arson 0mm .. . Editofla‘l Department ‘31. D. lamb ............1........~. .. .metal‘ ' Frank M,, Wobor ..................... ~"PI-a- bol mum ...... ‘Wonensmnd’chdgns’bevt. Jail em MI , William E. Boom ......” ...... ONE YEAR. 52 ISSUES. ONE DOLL” Three years. 158 moo: ............................ $2. 00 NW yuan. 280 m ....... ... ...‘atm adieu-mine Mu1Furty-lnv cent 1 to 11.3.1.4 11m. so the column inch.7-.9811nes teamse be m Live Stock and Iuotlon Bale 'Advcmal We we: so“! low Elias” reputable header: of live nosing“ 90%.:qu em. OUR oncmm ADVERTISERS We respectfully-1* our readers ‘to Jum- our ad- mtism when possible. Their catalogs and prices are cheerfully saint free, and we guarantee you against loss presiding you say when writln or or- dorm: from them, ichiaon Businem :2Fhrme1' Entered as second class matter, at post oflice Mt. Clemens, fish. "I saw your ad. In my johnson and the League of Nations. JOHNSON’ S success in Michigan is being pointed out as a repudiation of the League of Nations idea. We do not look upon it as such at all Johnson’ 8 attitude toward a League of Nations has not been generally un- derstood, and thousands voted for the Califor- nian who in their hearts believe in an inter- national peace t11bunal and supposed that Johnson fav01ed the idea although opposed to the league covenant is its present form. Johnson won in Michigan on his personality. As the running mate of Roosevelt in 1912 he polled a tremendous vote, far greater in fact than he polled in the primary election. His pugnacious countenance, his record as a scrap— per, his condemnation of special privilege and the corrupting influence of money in politics, and his former association with Roosevelt ,-—~a:l‘l had a powerful influence on the popular imag- , ination which found expression at the polls Johnson’ s success in Michigan was fortu- nate in several respects. In only one respect We can mention was it unfortunate. Of all the candidates in the field Johnson depended the least upon organization and political palsy- ering. While all his leading opponents spent thousands of dollars to line up the party ma- chines and to advertise their promises, Johnson went over the heads of the local organizations straight to the people and won by pure pore sonality. His success restores our faith in the good sense of the people and their sbflity to think and act for themselves without the chm- tion of the local political machines. In that respect Johnson’s success was fortunate. But all the advantages that democracy might have gained in the triumph of mdwen’dent 'ac- filon over organized dictation may he more than offset by the blow to the League of Nations idea which the deliver Greater than all the nation’ 5 domes- tic problems combined is the question of Amer- ica ’s future place in the affairs of the world. Within a League of Nations we can at least partially observe what is going on about us in the diplomatic affairs of our neighbors. Out- side of the League we have the entire world against us, jealous of our prosperity, distrust- ful of our “democracy” , injured at heart be- cause we cannot trust it, and therefore ready upon any pretext to organize a coalition against us. Gnutside of the League of Nations, with all the other powers on the inside, the United States must equip and maintain a standing army and navy of sufficient strength to 1“ hip the world. ' The Imogene of Natiom ism will Map larger and larger as the conventions and doc ticn approach, and if the people have their way about it the commute who giyes the best om- ise of securing for the United States a safe and dignified position in the international peace tmbuna1,will be the next President. Ass ideal way of scunding out til-e senfimont of fire peo- pic on the League of Nations issue would be by ' referendum vote which would 'bind the next ork,Cb‘1 St. Louis Emu mill-15! 611.20.11.11 ec - mrgPopm Johnson success seems to ‘mryoutthemsbesofthepwph Mm HE WETS must be pretty 1% fitmfi ‘ fol-pm was. findmmim in the Michigan election which gave Edwards ,1819Bvotcsor1essthan4peroentfiflizeen- cast in mum Yet Mm using was vote as on mom that “the “prohibition sentiment is ‘turm‘ng”. 1 ‘ In the oddlocfl option days there were always a fowgupls muevelzy community who 170th £91- everyonndefiate'fiuofiise who mmmhe opposedto local option. fiat was an the excel- ification the candidate had to have. He could be the most depraved individual of the com- munity, and yet there mas always those dew who went to the polls and'vaoted for ‘him if they wo‘ted for nothing else. ”These voters aren‘t on dead yet by any means, and in the aggregate they represent quite a considerable My of peo- ple. They have shown their hand in every election of recent years where the “wet and dry issue have been in evidence, and they showed their hand in last Monday ’11 election when they put all other considerations of 'their1'coun1try‘is welfare behind them and voted for Edwards. 'It is no surprise that Edwards received 13.,- 1000 votes. The surprise is that he didn’t 're- ceive twice as many. If the Edwards votes shows anything at all it shows that the'vpeople of Michigan have reaffirmed their faith in pro- hibition and given Mr. Edwards notice to make a graceful exit from the political field. brew Agricultural Editors Organize. HE FARM paper editors Who have been talking about the admntages ofcrganfrza- tion have acted upon their own advice and last week at Chicago the American Agricultural Editors’ Association “came into being. It is not the primary purpose of this association to se-'~ cure benefits for the editors who are its mem- bers, but to help them be of greater service to the dormers who read their publications. This may be accomplished in many ways. For one thing the association will endeavor to establish more sympathetic and helpful rela- tions between the Department of Agriculture and 1&1'e dimers. For another it will seek to formulate some general agricultural policies to which all members can subscribe and help to promote. Rural credits, the rural church and school, better marketing and similar matters relating to the welfare of the farmer and his family will receive the united attention of the organized editors. Themsmsaonmpcorsalsohtskeanmser- in logislative affairs touching agriculture. , the past the farm apers have frequently acted in tacit concord no effort has been made to marshal their opinions into an omn- ‘ized influence. Hence the force of their ef- forts has largeqy Ebeen lost. In the future the farm paper editions will speck in Gongress through their association and‘should be able to exert a large and beneficial influence. (flooding the Issac. HE SUPPGRTERS of Mr. Dickinson ’s candidacy for Governor have a great deal to say about the courageous manner inwhich ‘he attacked the Newberry expenditures just prior to the primary election, but they are con- spicuously silent about his change of front a few weeks later when in a resourcefully peni- tent mood he published an open letter urging all good Republicans to stand by Mr. Newberr-y at the electionf , For be it from us to cast any reflections upon the record of Lieutenant IGovernor Dickinson. That he ’hes‘been a bold, mm and helpful Champdonjof prohibition we are glad to own. That he has served the people well and faith- fully as the several offices With which they have . ’ honored 11511 is a fact which cannot be disputed Give‘toldr. Dickinson alltbethotishis due, and his qualifications Will even then fall .far- slim-t of those eased by the farmers’ candidate,m1o D. $151161 m- Cmpbell has been an outstanding figure in Michigan politics to: many “ears, and has Wanexe‘m MMMMMMW HefichMa-uofwmlmg M, adhmoadmwhdofiemeof mommandmoppwnonm‘thswm Heis ofighter.1tshoaws3nhshee It's‘howsin his figure. It shows in his deeds. fie as not enlyahrm,botoioadardfarmrsuddur— .‘ mg the put five mmhaspefiormad a ser,. vice for milk producers and others W in farm Memes, the mlue of which cannot be eétima-ted. Mr Campbell is makin «campaign. He has spr no distasteful stor- ies about his , nor scattered any in- .nnendos that they are enotwhatthey seem to be. As the choice of fibre state’s three largest farm organizations, he has a right to claim that he is “the farmers’ candidate "’, and «to solicit the support of the farmers 8835116111. There are at least three important reasons why the farmers should vote for Milo Camp- 13511. "The first is that he is the biggest man in the field today for the job. The second is that his chances for successamong the present con- tenders :are excellent. The third is that the farmers would have a man in the Governor’s chair who has lived with them and worked for them and know their every problem. Is it necessary to say more“! Strikes. WE CONCEDE the right of the laboring man to organize and strike if necessary in order to secure fair treatment from his em- ployer. But we concede to no man the right to strike to enforce unreasonable demands and vent his spite upon the public. The man who believes in the doctrine that his organized might makes it always right for him to strike regardless of the merits of his (case or me wel- fare of the public is 1a nuisance and should be dealt with by law. ’The switchmen who have gone on a strike in many of the leading rail- road centers of the country belong to this type and are outfitted “to no sympathy or considera- tion from the public. They are not only strik- ing at a time when the welfare of the country depends upon the maximum of production and transportation, but they are striking in defi- ance of the orders of their own union chiefs. Gov. Allen of Kansas has, as usual, taken a for- Ward step to force 1&rese men to lay their claims before a court of arbitration and go back to work pending the deCision, and every true American citizen will back his and all other efforts to bring can send to unjustifiable and un- authorized mikes. Mr. Fordnsy Failing. HERE WAS a time when Congressman Fordney Was one of the most influential members of Congress. As chairman of the House Ways and Means committee his influ- ence Was both sought and feared. {Industries that desired a protective tariff had but to enlist , the support cf Mr. Fordney and their bill was invariably repented out of his-committee. But, oh, “how the mighty have fallen”.’ In the last six months a half dozen or more special tariff bills {haye safely passed his committee and the House, but Mr. Fordvney cannot muster enough votes in his owncemmittee to pass the farmers’ bean tariff bill, a measure which ought to com- ' mand every ounce of his influence. Ought it! to be necessary to sumst to the thousands of bean growers who bye 111 Mr. Fordney’ s terri- tory that next fall would be an excellent time to resell their representative in Congress, and put a better man in his place? In the March issue of the Michigan Patron, “Jim” Hehne calls W ‘H. Wallace“Mich.igan’ 3 Gary”, ands's emetic to account for the auto cratie attitude assumed toward the fashions by ’ a man who 111 11111116 'bo’o‘rdn‘f the" farmers’ col- lege. It’ s the dollans, Jim. Mr. Wallace has many exam qualmes, Joust m quali— ties cannot be m to his! ‘ rt . a clean and honest- - xc—NNm...~,____. A. A‘- we ‘c‘i’s. This has been a leng and lonesome, also cold winter. There was not much . recreation in this part of the woods, .on‘l ,togooutsidean‘dfreegeand come ' ins ‘de and thaw out which caused much sickness. It was the flu, flu, flu. and nearly everyone had it, in- cluding ml! and; family, and it it had not been for some neighbors who "didn’t have it there would possibly have been more who would have crass- ed theriver. Now I see different letters about an and whiskey. Some people say imagination is very nearly the whole sure for sickness. If you get a doctor and he gives you some medicine and you imagine the medicine and the doc- tor are all right you will get well quicker, etc. Well, now I didn't mean . to say that the doctor isn't all right and that his medicine isn't all right, far if it were not for the doctors, St. Peter would be a good deal busier than he is. Now if you lived outta the country about six miles and farther and the snow was piled four and hive , feet deep and there was a blizzard for two or three days and it was im- possible for you to get a doctor out to Ice you when you are coming down , with the flu—I don’t mean to say when are near death, understand, but coming down with it-—when those chills start to play tag and hide and seek up your spine, and when you have to eat raw onions and drink gin- ger tea and black pepper tea, and you feed your children the same dose, and when they see you coming with an- other dose they will back up and shake their heads, and say "no,"——now if you had quart of good pure whisky and you fixed up a good warm drink and went to,bed and covered up and began to sweet for an hour or so, I wonder if it would help or not? Well, I imagine it would, at least until the roads broke and you could get a doc- tor. There are some doctors who might be paid for saying that whiskey is no good. You know that isn’t the experience of us farmers. I haVe seen doctors give whiskey to a day old baby for colic, and he didn't do it to make. him cry harder. ’ I would like to see our government provide some way next December, Jan- uary and February 80 that a man with e family could get a quart and a single man over twenty-One get one pint in the same way as we get our sugar with cards.-J. 8., Oneway, Mich. *Your plan, John, would serve no better purpose than to give every male inhabit- ant a chance to have a. little jag. Instead of decreasing flu mortality it'would very ' ly increase it, for the vital statistics show that the rate of mortality in flu and pneumonia cases are much greater among the users of alcoholic stimulants than among total abstainers, Let a man who has frequently indulged in alcoholic drinks con-tractifneumonia and in the ma- jority of cases is all up with him. The records of the health authorities of the United States government and the various states prove that whisky is neither a. pre— Ventive nor a. cure for these cases. indi- vidual experiences to the contrary not— Mthstanding. Therefore, why should thO government permit the use of whiskey? I know about your northern Michigan Nizzards, John. I've traveled in the teeth them more than once. I've wallowed Enough snow-«banks three and four feet “with the thermometer ten below, and ve had my share of cough and colds and chills and sneezes. My parents had six (mildren and raised them all, and not to my knowledge have any of them ever tasted whiskey. either in a pure or adul- gr‘ated form. There were a good many es when we couldn't get a doctor for days, and I shall not forget the hot ginger .tea. the calomel, and the hot foot-baths which my mother prepared for us and which always did the business until the doctor came. The fact of the matter is. John. that ople who have become accustomed to e use of whiskey both as a beverage and a. medicine, think they cannot get along without it, but the people who have neVer had it in their house. have had jusr is good success it not better ith other stimulants and sweat produ and Wouldn't'use whiskey if it was as free and plentiful as the air.——Ed_itor. seem men non Lanes »~ Editors M. R F.——Your editorial "flying. the County Agent” was excel- ' but. We've got to pay our way. These for. critical times“ Appeals to patrio- - gem and the Witch of war have to 1311!“va of teeny- iflzfeni Tbut, the ; ”movies ' sponsor. FLU ' titude toward labor. This attitude is what“ drove our labor n-ocnthe term. I Want labor to come back well paid and with shorter hours. We cannot laythe hgh cost of living to high wages. The labring mm, never has or never will get more than is coming to’him. 'We- cannot say that the labor shortage is due to short hours. 0! what commod« ity are we short m to make it profitable for labor to Moe it? Everything should be left to thelaw Of supply and dear“ until every- thing is governed. The laborer has only his labor to sell. Int him strike it he does so peacefully. Blame for much sunning was laid at the door of the striking coal min- er. Mine owners and railroads were more to blame than he. Farmers, like myself, who could lave out wood were as much so. If all the pruent labor- ers should die there wouldn’t be a lab- or shortage. More of us would go to work although not quite so hard or for such long hours or so little pay:— gtanley Warner, Barry County. You are in error to assume that we are unfriendly to labor. We ve conceded the right of labor to necessaryto secure fair treatment. all other the with reason deny to others. If you will read or re-read our tel entitled. “Remtion” in the March issue, you will learn where We stand respect to labor.-—Editer. 011'! IS HOME or “sun VALUE" There seems to be a prejudice against the “site value? tn among farmers that is hard to understand. The home of the “site velues”is in the cities and towns. There is scarce- ly any "site values” in agricultural land. It may be that the prejudice arose because the earlier advocates of this form of taxation called it a "land value” tax and the farmer fail- ing to distinguish between “land vain us” and “improvement value" jumped to the conclusion that-he would get the worst of it. It me. he that this prejudice was fostered certain de- signing city dwellers and politicians who have always missed no opportun- ity to exploit the tamer through his prejudices. We know verywell t'hAt he has always paid more than his just share or! taxes. The farmers’ values are improvement values. If all the farm land in VanBuren county had been stripped of its original timber last year, it would cost as much to remove all the stumps, drain the swamps and build the roads within two years as thesland exclusive of buildings is worth. Therefore there is little if any “site value" in the farm land of Van Buren county as a whole. The fact is, we farmers have so very little “site value" that we are compelled to tax our ixnzprovements and personal property to maintain our schools, roads, and township gov- ernment. Why, then. should we ob- Jeot to I “site value" tax which is 10- wed in the cities and which we and our fathers and grandfathers have been creating for four or five gener- ations. The amount of revenue sucha tax would produce would depend up- on the amount 0: “unearned incre- ment" taken but it seems only fair that a portion should be taken. Those who argue that all of this value which is produced by society as a whole should be taken by taxation are not practical reformers because of the difllculties of determining the amount of this vein and the effects of taxa- tion upon it. However, it is certainly time that we make an effort to ap- propriate 0. part of the "unearned in- crement” or “site value" of land for the use of its creators (who are the whole people) by means of a special "site value" tax. Here is an inex- haustiblesource, from which the rev- enue-s of government can be drawn for all time, .if it is brought into force in- telligently and gradually—John 0. Stupor-d. Glad to have your views on this im- ggtant subject, Mr. Stafford, Possibly reason for the prejudice among the farmers against site value taxation is that they do not understand it. We may all have our theories and opinions, but what counts with me taxpayer are facts which will show a comparison be- tween agricultural taxes under the two systems—Editor. WAITING FOR FARM BUREAU I have been a Democrat since ’76, but like Dave Harem’s horse will stand without tying. Have never been locked to a party slate and had the key thrown away. Shall vote for Campbell for governor and Hoover for president. We need a few like Governor Allen, of Kansas, to show the mob What American laws can do. I admire Gov. Sleeper as a man and he is a. warm personal friend of mine, but as a governor as far as the farmers and taxes are concerned he has been a fizzle. We do not want any more Ivories, Forresters or Mer- riemans in our state legislature eith- er. If the last four years have been a business administration give us a farmer’s legislature and governor now for a change. We have tried the schoolmaster and the banker and a lawyer, elevat- or, legislature. They have done us up to a finish. Now give us some- thing else that is used to hard knocks. Send along your Farm Bur— eau in to Sanilac county. We read it up here and are waiting for it.—H. W. B., Sanilac County. Truly this is an age of evolution. Two letters on the same mail, the above is one of them)——one from a emoorat, the other from a Republican, both declar- ing themselves free in the future from partisan ties and ready to vote for the "best man" no matter on what ticket a candidate—