.r,‘ .1‘5q‘3. ,w'.§" .7} e Wick igan Vol. VIII, No. 40. E88 FM ER ' __-——- E~_—A “An Independent Farmer’s Weekly Owned and Edited in Michigan MT. CLEMENS, SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 1921 ‘3‘. = ==-"~———_.-:. $1 PER YEAR. Detroit Area MOVEMENT is well under way among the dairymen of 'Wayne, Macomb, Lapeer, Oakland and St. Clair counties to organize a. stock cor- poration with a mil— lion dollars capital to establish a milk receiving and dis— tributing plant in the city of Detroit. V‘rideon Bryce, well— known farmer and president of the Romeo local of the State Association, is the moving spirit back of the proposition, and is chairman ‘of the committee delegated to canvass the term- tory and formulate plans for putting the venture into form. It is the hope of the committee that the organization may be effected and ready for business by the first of the coming year. ‘ . The original meeting at which it was de- cided to take this move was held at Pontiac several weeks ago at which time leading dairymen from all over the eastern district gave their unanimous approval to the plan. At this time a committee consisting of Gid- eon Bryce of Macomb county, Elmer My- trOtt of Oakland county, Anderson Scully of Lapeer county, Mr. Lee of Wayne coun— ty and Fred Myers of St. Clair, county was appointed to carry out the Wishes of the meeting. \ ‘. ' 1 Preliminary meetings have been held at many points throughout the district and the sentiment has been almost unanimously in favor of the plan. At a meeting‘in La— peer two Weeks ago, every local but one was represented by the president and secretary, and not a single vote was cast against the proposition. The local which was not rep- resented had already approved the plan. Meetings held the past week in both Oak- land and Maeomb counties have Without exception voted to support the new organ- ization. At one of these Mr. Gideon Bryce Company in City of Detroit By THE EDITOR the editor of the Business Farmer, “will own its own distributing plant in Detroit and will conduct a general wholesale and retail dairy business. It is the aim of the producers to control the milk from the cow to the consumer hoping that by so doing they may be able to get at least cost. of pr0— duction and deliver to the consumer a high- er standard of product. The dairymen will own at. least sixty per cent of the stock. It is proposed that each milk pro- ducer will buy one share of stock of the par value of $10, for each cow owned. In that Way the required amount to organize can be raised with very little effort. We are mak— ing an appeal to every milk producer in eastern Michigan to assist in this movement to the end that their dreams of the last five years may be realized. We will not pro— ceed unless we can control at least 50 per cent of the milk produced in this area”. “Let it be understood,” said Mr. Bryce emphatically, “That the motiVe which has prompted this movement is not antagonistic to the Michigan Milk Producers’ Associa— tion. This company when organized will co-operate with the Ass’n in the same ca— pacity as do other creamery companies. We feel sure that the Michigan Milk Pro- ‘du'cers’ Association will foster this move- ment inasmuch as they have the welfare of the dairy industry at heart”. ,As to how far the company will go in manufacturing and distributing its pro- ducts Will depend entirely upon the condi— tions existing at the time the company is ready to take the field. If an agreement can be entered into with existing distribut— ing concerns and chain stores to take the output of the-company, it will probably not engage in the actual house-to-house dis- tribution, but will confine itself to receiv— ing, weighing and testing the milk and jobbing it out to all who want it. But in- 'ager of a farmers’ Dairymen Seek Market Control Milk Producers of Five Counties Take Steps to Organize Farmers’ Distributing asmuch as the big distributing companies are making‘handsome profits out of the dis- tributing of milk there seems to be no good reas0n why the farmers’ company should not go and do likewise. lndeed, it is prob— able that, the nature and extent of the activ- ities in which the company will engage will be guided somewhat by the experience of the. successful distributors. Michigan Behind the Times It should not be thought that the pro- posal to organize a farmer-owned creamery eompany is a new idea. It is not by any means. While the producers of Michigan have been submitting weakly to the over— cautious admonitions of. their officers, pro— dueers in other parts have organized all kinds of enterprises for handling their milk. There have been a few failures, it is true, but the vast majority of these concerns have succeeded in stabilizing their market and returning to the producer a larger price for his milk. An effort was made last year to interest the officers of the Michigan Milk Producers’ Ass’n in a distributing plant, but without success. At that time a new process for pasteurizing milk by electricity, known as the Electropure process, was offered to the producers, and \V. J. Kennedy, recognized as one of the most successful distributors of milk in the country, who at that time was executive head of Towar’s Wayne County Creamery but upon the amalgama- tion became general manager in charge of sales for the Detroit Creamery Company, made known his willingness to become, man- distributing company using the Electropurc process. The new process and the managerial ability of W. J. Kennedy were factors that would have virtually guaranteed the success of the proposition, but after a, half-hearted and cursory discussion of the matter the officers of the Association decided. that “the time wasn’t ripe”, so the producers lost both the Electropure process and Mr. Kennedy. The meeting which was held last meetings a member of the ex- ecutive committee of the State Association appeared and sought to discourage the farmers from going into an enterprise of this kind at this time. “I believe in it,” he said, “but now is not the time to take the step”. Mr. ’ Bryce promptly replied, “If we held a meeting like this a hundred years from today, somebody would be sure to get up and say, ‘This isn’t the time; we had betterr wait.”.’. . .. , . . .1 To Seek Market Control “This company when or- ganized,” said Mr. Bryce to Plant of Lewis-Paclflc' Dalrymon’s As to manufacture all klnds of dairy products. Wash! ngton Farmer. . It ls owned entirely by farmers. s’n, under oonstructlon at Ghohalll. Wash" equipped Used by courtesy of summer to discuss the prop— osition was called through the instrumentality of the Business Farmer, which was greatly disappoint e d, o f course, that nothing came of it as We believed the oppor- tunity of a. lifetime was of- ffcred to the producers to gain control of their Detroit market. At this meeting were present Mr. Bryce and Fred Myers of St. Clair county, both of whom were strongly in favor of making the move at that time. It should be re- membered that the price of milk was still high a year ago and that the Commission (Continued on page 9) » fl...’ i @Current Agricultural News % . an annual business of 2 (860) . THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER CANADA CLAIMS SUPREMACY OVER UNITED STATES IN CO-OPERATION ANADIAN co—operators are wond- ering if the states south of the ‘ border are as progressive as they are reputed to be. Despite the remarkable growth of co-operation in this country during and since the war, the 40,809 co-operative socie- ties in Canada surpass by nearly 40 per cent the number of co-operatives in the United States. Moreover, the Canadian societies hold the record for increase in business during the past year, which exceeds by more than 50 per cent the sales of the preceding twelve months. In Que— bec alone there are 176 local co-op- erative societies, with a membership of 60,000, assets of $10,000,000 and more than $30,000,000. CHICAGO PROFITEERS PO U R MILK IN SEWERS TO KEEP PRICE HIGH HICAGO’S cost of living expert, Russell J. Poole, states that his investigation into the high ‘ price of milk in that city reveals the existence of a “combine system” which not only fixes the price the farmers must accept for their milk, but compels the consumers to pay war prices by pouring large quanti- ties of milk into the sewers rather than decrease profits to a point where poor peoplelcan buy it. In contrast to this conscienceless crew, who put profits above the lives of babies and the, health of poor people, 3,500 farmers near the cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis formed the Twin Cities Milk Producers' Association for the co—operative dis- tribution of their milk at fair prices direct to the city consumers. In consequence, the people of St. Paul and Minneapolis are now getting milk for 11c a quart, which is the lowest price on record for any large city in the United States. The farm- ers are perfectly satisfied, because they are saving through co-operative marketing more than $100,000 a month that formerly went to swell the profits of the large milk dis— tributors. The efficiency with which this co-operative organization works is indicated by the fact that the total cost of taking the milk from the producers to the consumers is but 5.7 per cent of the farmers’ price. , Progress in the co-operative dis- tribution of milk is not confined to the Minnesota district. One New England Milk Producers‘ Associa- tion has 84,000 and another one over 20,000 farmer members. Both of these associations operate not only co—operative creameries and conden- saries, but also retail stores. To permit a selfish “combine sys- tem” of profiteers to corner the milk supply of a great city is to give it a stranglehold on the lives of its cit- izens. Highway robbery is a gen- tleman’s occupation compared to the extortion of monopoly profits by the threat of withholding the first ne- cessity of a child’s life. Let us not become bitter against the individual offenders. Let us rather condemn the system that makes their plund- erings possible. And then let us destroy that system by co-operation between the producers and the con- sumers of human necessities. WORLD‘S SUPPLY OF WHEAT AND RYE CCORDING to a cablegram re- ceived by the U. S. Department of Agriculture recently from the International Institute of Agri- culture, Rome, Italy, the world sup- ply of wheat and rye is sufficient to coyer wants until the new harvest, and will leave aVailable stocks of these two grains amounting to around 1,543,000 short tons on Au- gust 1, 1921. i I i i l u i l . 4 1 ,_._-------.__ ....- -..--4--.. .. their worth. ‘ .' ._ \\ ”” \\\\\ “n “'"3515135- 1 ii WAS there ever a time when ,» ' to get maximum production { with the smallest possible ex- pense was so necessary as now? How are you going to do it? Prob- ably your biggest problem is labor. Labor is hard to get. and expensive when you get it—too expensive to use at keeping worn-out equipment on the job. Emcient machines are cheap- est. International hay machines are eflicient—iheir long. unbroken record of dependable field service proves Therefore you make a true invest- ment when you buy International hay machines. They save labor and time, both of which are especially valuable just now. still busy with the hay. grain harvest \ A postal request will bring you the International hay machine cata- It tells all about McCormick and Deering mowers and rakes. International tedders, combined side delivery rakes and tedders, loaders, ‘5, sweep rakes, stackers and hay log. While you are presses. ' Immom HARVESI’ER Common 0? m (IICABO t" x A 5 E ' m a! 1.9.410!!! e. . - ‘nilllpliiluy'jr ‘ ‘1! _‘ t-‘fix 1.- ..‘ 2:.- . ‘3 A . - Prices Have Been Hay MaChines ; is nearly always at your heels. You wonder how you are going to get your hay out of the way. Do it with efficient machines. You know your own problems better than anyone else, but. what- ever they are, there are machines in the International Harvester line that will put your hay where you want it, s the way you want it, in the quickest, most economical way. . izl‘l l‘! -___ ,.. .. l.“ Reduced on International . , , a. i l International ; hay machines i cut operating costs . = u - 08A 2 . I 1“.“ . :59: . .- o; " \.\\\\.'.’ 1/111! - ------------- .._r ' L - successful. June 4, 1921! SPRAYING CONTROLS GRAPE- I VINE LOOPER HE GRAPEVINE looper, a green worm about an inch and a half ‘long, sometimes destructive to garden and arbor grapes and to Vir- gina creeper, has been found by United States Department of Agri- culture observers doing some dam- age to vineyards in the Chautauqua belt along Lake Erie. The worm or- dinarily feeds from early in June un- til the middle of July. It may be killed by spraying. A solution of 1 1-2 pounds of powder- ed arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of liquid has been found effective. The poison may be used in water or may be combined with Bordeaux mixture used to control fungous diseases. A spray application directed primarily against the grapevine rootworm and the grape-berry moth, immediately after the blossoms fall, incidentally controls the grapevine looper. NORTH DAKOTA FARMERS TO OPERATE CO-OP. STORES ARMERS in North Dakota will take over almost all of the 37 co-operatively owned stores of the United States Consumers Stores company and operate them as inde- pendent co—operative units, accord- ing to G. W. Reichert, receiver. Farmers in 31 of the communities in which these stores are located have already organized local co—op- erative companies and have arrang- ed to take them over. - Milk producers living near Minot hope to continue the United Stores creamery there as a co-operative project, as that. creamery has been paying from 4 to 5 cents a pound more than privately owned cream- eries. COUNTY FARM BUR- EAU NOTES DURING THE ’past three years CALHOUN variety tests of corn, beans, soy beans, oats, barley and wheat have been carried on in Calhoun county by the county agent and farmers co—operating with the Mich- igan Agricultural College. Prom- ising varieties from our college and from other states were grown beside of local varieties. Yields were de— termined at harvest time and the date secured was published broad- cast over the country. The informa- tion has proved helpful to many farmers who have tried out the high yielding varieties and have been well pleased. The Calhoun County Farm Bur— can has promoted several special farm tours which have proved very AlfalfaL poultry, bee- keepers’ and livestock tours have attracted a great deal of attention locally. On our alfalfa tours we visit farms where alfalfa is being grown successfully and we ask the farmers to tell us how they secured their stands. On our beekeepers' tours we visit the best apiaries and inspect the bees and perform inter- esting demonstrations with the col- onies. Our poultry tours serve as a school of instruction in poultry man- agement. Our livestock tours en- courage better breeding. Assistance is always gladly given by the Michi- gan Agricultural College in making our tours interesting and beneficial. The extension experts always have an important part on our programs. Poultry culling has saved Cal— houn county probably more than $10,000 a year during the past three years. The county agent has held 250 poultry culling demonstrations before about 2,600 people. Hund— reds of farmers have learned to do the job and they are culling their flocks regularly. During June, July and August this year a campaign will be put on to clean up the culls over the whole county. A big effort will be made to give every farmer a chance to learn to cull hens. The Michigan Agricultural College drainage expert, Mr. O. E. Robey, has spent several profitable with the county agent in Calhoun county. Twenty drainage systems have been laid out. Five septic tanks have been installed. The drainage system laid out for one farmer saved him about $1,000. Ho (Continued on page 11) days ‘ J-i A“; l...‘;. . a. h Volume VIII Number 40 —v V! 1. 729 We?” gaze BUSINESS FARMER June 4, 1921 Traffic League Attacks Michigan F reight Rates Will Ash Interstate Commerce Commission and Michigan Public Utilities Commission HE MICHIGAN Traffic League of which the traffic department of the State Farm Bureau is a member, has announced that it will ask the Interstate COmmerce Commission for a reductiOn of interstate freight rates and the Michigan Public Utilities Commission for a reduction of intrastate rates. It is alleged by the Commission that both intra and inter- state rates in this state are discriminatory and greatly in excess of existing rates in adjoin- ing states. The information upon which this statement, is based is given in a booklet recently issued by the League. Michigan, it seems, is a large and important part of what is known as the Central Freight Association territory with re- spect to freight rate matters. When in 1914 the Interstate Commerce Commission granted the. eastern railroads a 5 per cent increase in freight rates, special reference was made to the low scale of rates in the C. F. A. territory. In 1917, the representatives of the Pennsyl- vania lines, New York Central lines, Pere Marquette, Grand Trunk and other Michigan railroads succeeded in convincing the Inter— state Commerce Commission that most of the country north of the main line of the Michigan Central (a line drawn from Detroit westward through Kalamazoo) was but a desolate waste, comparable with the bleak and thinly popu— lated sections of New England. "It was the contention of the Michigan rail- roads,” says the Traffic League, “that traffic con- ditions not only justified a higher scale of rates in Michigan but that conditions became more un- favorable, and the necessity of higher scales of rates became more urgent, as the distance from the Michigan-Indiana-Ohio state line increased, and that rates to, from and between points in the lower peninsula should be based upon progress— ively higher scales for each of several zones or cross-sections of Michigan. The Interstate Com- merce Commission had very little evidence in rebuttal of what the railroads claimed. That was due to the failure of Michigan freight payers to appear in the case, or to support any effort on their behalf. The commission finally approved the railroad’s plan of ratemaking whereby the lower peninsula was divided into four zones, each zone having a progressively higher scale of in- terstate rates as the distance from the southern boundary of the state increased. for Reduction of Rates Reducing Freight Rates WESTERN farm paper makes the A practical suggestion that the farmers immediately stage a fight. before Congress to force the railroads to reduce their rates 40 per cent. “When farm pro- duct prices were reduced there were no long-winded discussions about the high- priced labor entering into them," says this paper. “Farm prices were cut in two or even in three and the farmer at once knew that he had to make a big cut in labor.” The suggestion should be carried out. All farm organizations and newspapers should unite in demanding an immediate reduction of rates. The farmer living a few hundred miles from his market cannot live at pres- ent prices and stand the present freight rates. If the roads cannot exist on a forty per cent cut, let the government take them over and pay the loss out of the treasury. No matter what the method, the farmer must have early relief from high freight rates—Editor. “The basic scale, known as the "Disque Scale,” was prescribed for all of C. F. A. territory out- side of Michigan, and including that part of Mich— igan on and south of the Michigan Central main line; that part of C. F. A. territory was estab- lished as “Zone A." The portion of Michigan 1y— ing north of the Michigan Central and south of a line drawn from Muskegon to Bay City was es- tablished as “Zone B," and its scale of rates was made substantially higher than the basic or “Zone A,” scale. The northern half of the lower pen- insula was divided into two additional zones, “C and D,” each having progressively and substan- tially higher rate scales. “Following that decision by the Interstate Com- merce Commission, the Michigan railroads ap- peared before the Michigan Railroad Commission to demand the same adjustment of Michigan in- trastate rates. Michigan freight payers again failed to participate in that proceeding with suf- ficient strength and preparedness to successfully combat the carriers’ representations and the act- ivities of those who appeared on behalf of Toledo and other Ohio and Indiana shippers. The result of that proceeding was the establishment of two additional and overlapping zones for intrastate rates, the intrastate zones being known as “Zones E and F.” Zone “E” includes the lower half of the state and zone “F" includes the northern half of the lower peninsula. The dividing line runs from Muskegon to Bay City, but the “Thumb” district is included in the lower zones. “June 25, 1918, the Michigan rate scales were increased 25 per cent and that increased the rate “spreads” between the several zones. A point in Zone “B” having a rate 4 cents higher than a competing point in Zone “A” found its rate dis- advantage increased one cent by the 25 per cent advance. Not only were the scale or base rates increased, but the differentials as between the zones were increased. August 26, 1920, all rates were increased 40 per cent, and all rate “spreads” or "differentials" were again widened. The increase in the rate “spreads” was important as between competing points in Michigan, but was vastly more important in that it greatly increased the advantages over Michi- gan shippers which the original zone adjustments gave to competing shippers in other and adjoin- ing states. l “As Michigan rates now stand, they are not only excessive as compared with rates in all other parts of the United States, but they are most un- justly discriminatory as against Michigan and in favor of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin shippers. “As between points in the lower peninsula of Michigan, the disadvantages of the zone system of mileage scale rates are greatly aggravated by the carriers’ use of inflated mileages. The mile— age scale rates are not applied by the direct and shortest routes. Each railroad endeavors to get the longest haul possible, and to illustrate that the rates from Lansing to Muskegon are cited. Those rateS‘are based on a distance of 122 miles. The distance from Lansing to Muskegon, via Grand Rapids, is approximately 9 miles. A stronger illustration is afforded by the rate ad- justment as between Cheboygan and Allegan. Those rates are based on the distance via Michi- gan Central from Cheboygan through Bay City, Jackson and Battle Creek, half-circling the lower peninsula. whereas the distance via the direct route, Cheboygan to Mackinaw City, Michigan Central, Mackinaw City to Grand Rapids, Pennsyl- vania: and Grand Rapids to Allegan. New York Central, is about 100 miles shorter. The Mich- igan Traffic League has checked several hund- red instances of inflated mileages in Michigan. “It is now the purpose of. the Michigan Traffic League to file a complaint against interstate rates to and from Michigan points with the Inter- state Commerce Commission, and a complaint against intrastate rates between Michigan points with the Michigan (Continued On page 11) Export Figures Show Wheat Pouring Out of Country at Great Rate: 1921 Reports of Wheat, Rye and Corn Far in Excess of Reports for Corresponding Period of Last Year 0U STILL read a good deal about the great “falling oif” in exports of Ameri- can food products because of Europe’s inabil- ity to buy. This propaganda has fooled a lot of people. It has even fooled us. It is true that the total exports of all food products for the ten months ending April, 1921, has fallen some below the total for the corresponding period of last year, but it is far from true that the lessened demand has hit all food products alike: In fact, the exact opposite is true in certain cases. Wheat Exports Show Enormous Increase ports show a falling off fOr the month but for the ten month’s period twice as much rye was exported during the ten months ending April this year as during the same period last year. Flour exports show a decline from a year ago of about ten per cent. Oats show ”the greatest decline of all the grains, there being very little export business in this grain this year. Meat Exports Pick Up The meat exports which suffered a serious decline during the latter months of last year and the early months of the current year show considerable improvement. Although the total of bacon exports for the ten months’ period 1921 was a fourth less than a year ago, the exports for April show a gain of 8 million pounds over April, 1920. A relative gain for the month is reported in the exports of hams and shoulders and lard. Condensed milk exports are still less than half of what they were a year ago, but the com- parative reports show a slight improvement in the exports of this commodity. ' Exports afford a fairly safe guide to the future stability of‘a market, especially in the case of grains. Had the exports of food— The Bureau of Foreign and Dome ' stic Commerce reports that 17,641,000 bush- stuii’s for the current year actually els of wheat were exported in A ril of p , shown a decline from the previous year this Year as against 4,175,000 bushels in U. 8' Exports Of FOOdSthfs During Month Of April there WOUId have been little hOl"? 0f April of last year. It reports exports and Ten Months Ended April, 1920 and 1921 sustaining this market. But in view of 242,000,000 bushels of wheat during Exmms ,' its?) 0' 93:53 .‘Tquggwm “@1933 Of the great increase in “For“ the ten months’ ending April, 1921, as grfieybugmgen "[1063914037761‘ 887,00i I 18.627,§20‘"“2g,$7csi,5r2§ there was every reason to hope . . , . ..... . _., 1,14 ,032 4 , 41,570 1 , . ' - compared With, 98,720,000 durmg the gas. 1,33%. . l2ii’3'é23 I £293,703 3,322.385131'33533 that pugssthwollillgi {emam stable orhad . , ., ,V _ , ' ----- 1 . - . 32,614 41,311, 71 21, , V _ V - same pen.“ 3 ye” “gm . . . i533? $122“ “"i'li'é’il'igé 'i'lli'é‘ig 2‘2'098'335 ii'lig'tgg dig? millio b 2111318 Gigs 213:1: ii; _ACCOI‘d1ng to the report tentunes as 35;;- ffesh ------ I ’2141193 l1736875300 i igfiigifiig lisej7291040 n us - ch rted . A . , Bacono .opmlmds ..ug,210.737 q 7,704,030 '83,317,541 1 59,901,085 ten-year average, American wheat should mu corn W33 expo - 111- Pm Of. tms Ha ,&p unrs - - - -l3...,051,837 I24,356.170 415,823,785 692,523,594 . ~ ' ' mm shld rs, lbs.l24,925,807 l15,640,236 137966258 236282078 continue to be in demand by forelgu rd, pounds ...;53,275.457 140,758,401 62928972185 148616102540 countries year as‘in April of last. year. Rye ex- 5 } 4 (862) \ THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER Survey Shows Normal Grain Acreage for192 One Hundred and Fifty Correspondents Report About Same Grain but Less Beans and Potatoes I F ALL GOES well the business farmers of Michigan will. produce substantially the same amount of crops this year as last. This is according to a survey recently completed by the Business Farmer covering every county in the lower peninsula. A normal acreage of Wheat and rye was seeded last fall and some spring wheat put in this year. The acreage seeded to oats is slightly less, but the corn acreage will probably be larger than a year ago, say our correspondents. \Vhile it is too early to arrive at even an approximately cor— rect estimate of the beans and potatoes to be planted, the almost uniform opinion of our correspondents is that the acreage of both will be less. Low prices have done, their work and farmers are not putting in nearly as large an acreage of those crops which, require a good deal of labor. A great many more acres are being left to pastures than usual. Many farmers plan to put in only such crops as they can take care of themselves. Although labor is much. more, plentiful than a year ago, the opinion is the wages are still relatively too high and farmers are a little ehary of hiring. The reports show a wide range of wages offered in different localities. Some report wages as low as $25 per month and board and others as high as $50 and $60. The average for the state seems to be between $335 and $40 per month, depending upon the. quality. Many Crops Still Held The survey shows that. from iii to 90 per cent of last year's crops are still in the farm- ers’ hands. There as exceptions to this, how- ever. In some sections the farmers seem to have sold virtually everything last. fall or Winter to pay taxes. In other cases. farmers have sold all of certain crops and are holding a part of other crops. Nearly every grain-pro- ducing county reports some wheat in the hands of the farmers. The estimate of the percentage being held varies from it) to 75 per cent. A considerable amount of beans is also still in the farmers’ hands, though these holdings are not so large as they have been in previous years. Very few counties report all potatoes sold last fall. Thousands of farmers refused to sell on the declining market and held this perishable crop until spring with the result that they are having a hard time to even find a market at any price. In many counties over 50 per cent of the crop was still in the t'armers’ hands ninety days ago. In answer to the question, “Are farmers in— creasing-their dairy herds,” one hundred and Steers in M. A. C. Feeding Experiments Lot No. 1. These steers were fed normal corn silage. They showed a greater gain at less expense than the other two lots. Lot No. 2. The group shown above was fed corn stover. The steers in this group were fed corn stover and Lot. No. 3. an'amount of corn equal to the amount In the normal corn silage. This lot finished second in amount of daily gain. ‘( 77 thirty reply, no . The reason given is the low price of dairy products. The majority are of the opiniou’that dairy herds have been decreased and that calves are slaughtered for veal as soon as the law will allow. To the question, “Is there greater interest in pure— bred stock, about half answer “yes”, indicat ing that farmers are beginning to realize the necessity of increased production per cow when the price of milk is low. A number re- port that farmers are changing their dairy breeds for beef breeds. Financial Condition of Farmers The financial and credit situatiOn in the rural districts is revealed by the reports to be. less serous than is generally believed. Only one correspondent thought the situation in his county was normal. The opinion of all others ranged from “most farmers have a little money and banks will loan on good securtiy,” t0 “hardest time we have ever seen to get money.” Some report" that banks are willing to loan but farmers unwilling to borrow under present conditions. Ninety per cent of the re- ports state that the banks are willing and able to loan 011 good security. In some sections the interest rate is high, from 8 to 12 per cent but in most localities banks are asking only 7 per cent. A Clinton county correspondent says: “Banks are very liberal on reasonable amounts to responsible parties”. Aleona county: “I do not know of any responsible farmer having difficulty in getting what credit he needs”. Lapeer county: “The local banks are doing everything in their power to help us out”. «Several correspondents report the credit sit- uatiOn much improved over the preceeding months. Farmers Favor Road Construction A great variety of opinions was revealed in answers to the question: “What is the attitude of the farmers toward state and national affairs, such as taxes, tariff, the railroads, for- eign relations, and highway construction?” No one thought taxes were too low. In nearly every questionnaire (Continued 0% Page 9) The Robust Bean, an Excellent Variety Well Adapted to Michigan Michigan Agricultural College Originates Bean Noted for Vigorous Growth and High Yield IT IS THE wish of every bean grower that he might raise a maximum yield of choice clean beans. Even the best of soil and fer- tilizer will not give this unless clean high quality seed be used. Probably there is no crop grown that is more influenced by the seed than is the bean crop. Professor Frank A. Spragg, Plant Breeder of Michigan Ag— ricultural College, in addition to originating several improved varieties of grain, has, after several years of endeavor, brought out a bean which is high yielding and well adapted to Michigan conditions. The Robust gets its name from the fact that it is such a vigorous growmg bean and has such tough leaves, and that it is not so easily injured by such bean diseases as An- thracnoe and Blight as are other varieties of beans, and up to date has shown itself to be immune from the disease known as Mosaic. Tests were conducted at the College with a score or more, varieties of beans and over a period of several years the Robust has shown itself to be a superior yielding variety. The College distributed seed of this superior bean to several farmers and in their hands it has continued to outyicld the common varieties and due to its past perfornmnces throughout the state, the Robust is fast becoming very popular with bean growers. . . Mr. E. C. McCarty, Bad Axe, Michigan, one of the first to receive the Robustbean, has for some time grown certified seed of this variety for the Michigan Crop Improvement Associa- tion. Each year his field of beans has been a pleasure to see, with the result that farmers By A. L. BIBBINS Emtension Specialist, M. A. 0. throughout his territory —have standardized upon the Robust bean. In fact it is becoming Shall I Plant Beans? CERTAIN BEAN jobber in this state A whose. judgment. and friendship 1 es- teem very highly has asked us to im- . press upon the bean grower the advantage of planting beans this year. 1 would like to armonunodate my friend, but I cannot conscientiously advise the readers of The Business Farmer to plant beans simply to please him. I realize well enough that no matter what the farmer will get for his beans this year the jobber-s will make about their usual margin. But after a careful study of the situation I can honestly say that I believe it will pay the farmers of Michigan to plant their usual bean acreage. I base my judgment upon the fact that in virtually every bean growing section of the world it is estimated the bean acreages will be decreased. I further find that the large carry-over from previous years has been reduced to a point where it can no longer be considered a menacing competitor with the new crop. Moreover, the tariff bill placing an import duty of 2 cents per pound on'beans will soon be a law and should help out the future market. Other states which have sought. to supplant Michigan in the production of navy beans have learned their lesson and it is certain that 'the United States will continue to look to Michigan in the future as in the past for choice navy beans.—Edltor. so popular in Huron county that it is possible that soon no other variety of pea beans will be raised. The farmers of the Thumb area are very fortunate in that they have E. C. McCarty, Bad Axe; Chas. Dukelow, Bad Axe; and Fox Bros, Elkton, who have taken such good care of their Robust crop that the As- sociation has certified their seed, thus making them excellent sources for the, same. In Eaton county, one of Michigan’s oldest; bean growing sections, the Robust is demon- strating its superiority over other varieties grown in comparison. This past year there were many fine fields of Robust beans, espec— ially near Delta Center, where a group of farmers cooI')e,'atively ordered certified seed beans from Mr. McCarty of Bad Axe, and last summer demonstrated to their neighbors the value of certified seed stock. ’W. L. Atwood. II. J. Henderson, and A. P. Hart of Grand Ledge, Michigan, and George Benjamin,'R. l. liansing, Michigan, had such excellent results with the Robust that they are enthusiastic boosters of this variety. The writer had the privilege of visiting their fields and was.par- ticularly struck with the cleanliness of same, the uniform heavily podded plants which were remarkably free of disease. ' Upon anal- ysis the inspector Of the ”Michigan Crop Im— provement Association readily passed them for certifiCation, and these parties are now far- nishing‘to'a’greatfmany farmers of central Michigan, certified Robust seed of a high stan- dard;~ - '1 a ‘ ; , ' , Over in Western Michigan, W. A. Chapman, Bangor, Michigan, last (Continued on page 9) June 4, 1921 ‘ ' . .-.. ‘ use! L. ,. . ,, "3.9. - M , »: . — ,»... :‘MJFGW 4....er : M __ June 4, 1921 11;” 1|: , ”1:11: a . i i Farmers ' SerVice Bureau» ' (A clearing Department for farmers’ every day troubles. Prompt. careful attention given to all complaints or requests for Information addressed to this department. .THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER We are here to serve you. All Inquiries mustbe accompanied by full name and address. Name not used If requested.) COLLECTING DEBT Has the justice of the peace the right to collect debts and is it his duty when requested to do so? B owes me $30 for goods received two years ago. He promised to pay in the fall but failed to do so. Later I have seen B on several oc— casions. He never seems to have the money but promises to pay in a month or so with interest. B has steady work at $90 per month and it appears to me that he could easily pay if he were a mind to. What would you advise me to do? I have heard that the justice of .the peace has the right in a case like that to seize property to cover the amount, take out his own expenses and pay me in full. Is this true and can you quote the law to that effect? Could I have his wages garnisheed and what would it cost? Would B have to pay the cost or would I stand for that?——J. H., Falmouth, Michigan. B is liable to garnishment of his wages for the debt he owes you. Commence suit by justice summons and garnishee if you can get service on the one who owes him. The jus- tice of the peace would have the right to collect from the man if he will voluntarily pay him but he has no such right as you suggest of seiz— ing his property, taking out his costs and paying your claim in full. You would have to sue him first, and take a judgment. An execution may is sue after five days upon the judg— ment and a constable or sheriff or one of his deputies may seize his property, sell it, pay the costs and pay you in full. Or, you may gar- nishee him, collect what is owing him, after allowing him the exemp- tions, apply the balance first to the payment of costs and the bal- ance on your judgment. A justice of the peace could tell you approx- imately the costs of a suit in gar— nishment after you told him the facts and, if you had to have an at- torney, he would tell you approxi— mately all the costs including his own fee and about how much of it you would be able to add to your claim.——Legal Editor. MARL What is that marl that is found in your state? Do you know anything about it? Would also like to know where to purchase it and how much it costs—R, F., St. Paul, Minn. Marl deposits are well distributed ”throughout the lower peninsula of Michigan with the exception of the Saginaw Valley and the eastern por- tions of the state that ”were once covered by lakes. Marl to be used for agricultural ”purposes should either be purchased locally or where there is only rela- tively short freight hauls. The present freight rates on materials. bearing high water contents, like marl, soon eliminate its economic use. The cost of marl should depend upon the purity of the product, the amount of water present and the amount of labor necessitated in re— moving the marl from the deposit. Owners of marl beds usually charge from 25 to 75 cents per load where the purchaser takes the marl direct from the deposit.—~—G. M. Grantham, Deptgof Soils, M. A. C. EGG SIIELLS TOUGH Will you kindly tell me the reason for egg shells being so tough that the chicks can not hatch? I have had the second hatching with very poor results. I have the incubator in the basement.— A Patron, Freeland, Mich. Lack of moisture from the 18th to the 21st days in the machine would cause this. Also the manage- ment of the machine during that period—Prof. C. H. Burgess, Dept. of Poultry Husbandry, M. A. C. PAY FOR “WORKING IN GARDEN I signed a. contract for three acres of sugar beets last year with the field—man of the Columbia Sugar Beet Co., of Mt. Pleasant. Mich, but returned the con- tract as all tho farmers did. Then the farmers got their contracts back again and put in beets. So I put in five acres but did not get a contract. I had a good stand of beets, but the field—man condemned them. I also leased him ground for a. garden and potato patch and a place to put the house for the beet weeders. He asked me to plow and fit the ground for them, which I did, and he would pay me well. There was near— ly a half acre of ground. Now I saw the field—man twice about it but can’t. get a settlement. I asked $35 but he said the company would not pay it and they had never paid for a garden spot yet. I could have made more by putting in early potatoes as they were $5.00 a. bushel here. Please advise me what is best to do. Can I hold the house and dare I use it?—F, R., Clare, Mich. I would be of the opinion that the sugar company would be liable for the full value of the work on the garden and the rental value of the land and that you could have a lien upon the house for your pay. Le— gal Editor. GREAT LAKES MUTUAL AUTO INSURANCE COMPANY Can you tell me whether or not the . Great Lakes Mutual Automobile Insur- Iance Co., of Saginaw, Mich., is a re— sponsible Co. to do business with and to insure in? They want me to be agent for them and I would like l to know if they are re— GHILD DERELIOTS IN CHINA Their baby sister had been sold for 100 small cash (about three cents) and these two. the oldest of five children. were tresDaSS for loundAJuet as they were at the point of death and placed In a refuge camp In Ohunotlngfu. They later were removed to a refuge home In Peking. where his photograph was taken. sponsible or not—H. 11.. Bad Axe, Michigan. The annual statement issued December 31, 1920 and filed by this company with the State Insurance Commission shows ”their total income for 1920 was $37,305.84; disburse m en t s, $55,— 252.15; assets, $1,- 324.02; liabilities, $2.— 440.00; and the number of certificates in force are $2,381.—-Managing Editor. LAWYER’S FEES 'If it is necessary to go to court to obtain one’s rights and you gain the suit who pays the lawyer you hire? Has a game warden any more right to hunt on ground that you forbid any other man from hunting on? Can he drive his car over fresh seeded ground? A. Subscrib- er, Pigeon, Michigan. The one who ”hires a lawyer has to pay him. Among the items of Vcost that the winner is allowed to tax against the loser are certain at- torney fees, usually not exceeding $25. The game warden has no . more right to hunt on premises than any" one else. Driving car over fresh seeded ground is a which he ould be liable at law.— egal Editor. PASTURE CHARGES I had some pasture land on which a man had several head of cattle. As 1 did not live near pasture, I wrote him and told him to let me know when he was ready to take his cattle out and i would meet him there so he could settle for same, as I made it a rule for each to pay for pasture when taking cattle out. This party did not let me know and now he will not pay for pasture. Could he be taken for stealing? W. (7., Elk Rap— ids, Michigan. He is not liable for stealing. He would be liable in a civil action for the value of the "pasture—Legal Editor. CUTS CONNECTIONS \VIT’H FARM- ERS’ TELEPHONE COMPANY Can we collect from a member, tel— ephone dues and money, for repairing the line if he has not a certificate of his stock? We have raised money to repair the line, and he has cut his wire and gone in another company.-—l<‘. (3., Dans— ville, Michigan. . Whether one is liable for dues and '1 (8633’ 5 expenses, would depend upon your by—laws and the agreement he sign- ed or made when he took a .tele- phone. His agreement with the company will control. If you have no agreement of any kind with him of course he is not liable and in any event he is not liable beyond his agreements—Legal Editor. KEEP OF STEER I bought a farm on a contract a d shortly after the person .I‘ bought it of died. The estate has a steer which I have kept nearly a. year. I did not put in any claim at the final hearing. Can I collect for the keeping of the steer?—— W. E. S... Shiawassee county, Mich. I would be of the opinion that you would be entitled to a lien upon the animal for its keep and that you need not file a claim against the es- tate for the same. Also that you can hold the animal until your claim is paid. Legal Editor. Dept.F57 IHAD: MARKS REG- us mtorr. ‘ THESHING More than just Pea and Bean Hullers ASE Pea and Bean Threshers are,’ first of all, efficient hullcrs. cylinder speed and spacing of the big, annealed-and-tempered steel teeth is such that peas and beans are removed from the dry hulls without cracking or breaking the kernels. ; tion of the long, balanced separating rack shakes every pea and bean from the threshed pods and Vines. end-shake shoe, equipped with adjustable ' sieves, supplemented by a scientifically designed, full-width, underblast fan, cleans the threshed crop thoroughly. Finally, the pea-and-bcan-saving wind-v stacker saves any stray peas or beans that might, through faulty adjustment of thresher by operator, escape the shoe. Case Pea and Bean Threshers, which are made in seven sizes-20x28, 22x36, 26x46, 28x50, 32x54, 36x58 and 40x62———are more than just pea and bean hullers. of these machines can bequickly converted into a Case Grain or Grass Seed Thresher, 1 at a very nominal extra cost. This enables i the owner of one of these outfits to thresh not only peas and beans in his community, but to do general custom grain threshing as well, thereby securing the greatest possible profit return from his investment. Case Pea and Bean Threshers can be S equipped to handle any kind of threshing. Write for descriptive catalog. J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company Racine, ',_J.41..(1Asi (9 ,, ¢ . ""‘l!:9.11.112““‘-- ‘ REEF—9!"! The The Violent agita- The noiseless, Each one It’s free. Wisconsin AND N FOREIGN COUNTRIES. L 36 (8,64) * BUSNK‘S’l‘AR u - Farmer’s Weekl Owned e Edited In Mylchlgsn M wigs)!!!" ‘ I“ 43h” SATURDAY, JUNE 4, 1921 Published every Saturday by the RURAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. lno. Mt. Clemens. Mlchlgen Members Agricultural Publishers Association Represented in New York, Chicago. St. Louis and Mlnnespolls by the Associated F‘srm Papers. Incorporated GEORGE M. SLOCUM ...................... PUBLISHER FORREST LORD .............................. EDITOR ASSOCIATES Frsnk R. Bobslek ................ Assistant Business Menu-r “lion Grinnell ........................... Msnssins Editor Grace Nelli: Jenney ............ Editor Farm Home Department H. H. Mack ................. Market end Live Stock Editor M. D. IAmb .................................... Auditor Frank IL Weber .................... Plant Superintendent William 'E. Brown .................. . Leul Depsrtxnent W Austin Ewslt .................... Veterinary Department ONE YEAR. '2 ISSUES. 0N! DOLLAR Three veers. 150 Issues ............................ 32-00 Five mn. 200 Issues $3.00 The sddre- label en 'Jcii'is'xio'r'is'his' Lifiichbki'i'éoééiht sud shows to whet date his subscription is neid. When renewsls are sent it usually requires 8 weeks time before the isbel Is chenlod. Adveruslnu Retes: Forty-live cents per ente line. 14 lines to the column inch. 768 lines to page. Live ems end AuctIen eel. seven-mine: We offer med-l 10' grazing: reputable breeders of live stock end poultry; writ-0 “1 The Business Farmer will not knowingly accept the advertising of any person or firm. which it does not believe to be thoroughly honest end re- liable. Should any reader have any cause for complaint saint any advertiser in these mlumns. the publisher would appreciate an Immediate let- '- tar bringing all facts to light. in every one when gmm'y: “I new your advertisement in The Michigan Business rmer Entered es second-class matter, at post-omce. Mt. Clemens. Mich. Off For Europe Y THE time this paper reaches the hands of its readers I Will be somewhere in mid—ocean bound for the old continent. I will land at Liverpool and be off immediately by special train for Edinburgh, Scotland, from whence I shall depart a week later via the North Sea for Norway and Denmark. After as careful a study of the co-operative systems of these countries as my limited' time will per- mit I will go to Germany to spend a few days among the farmers’ co—operative sugar fact- ‘orics. Before my return I expect to also visit France and Belgium and possibly Holland and Switzerland. Barring the unforeseen I Will be back in the good old U. S. A. about the middle of July. In making my farewell to the M. B. F. folks I do not want them to feel that I am shirking any of my duties to them and the Business Farmer by my absence. I realize that many strange sights and adventures are before me but through them all I intend to keep my mis- sion clearly in mind and never to forget for a moment the men and the women on the farms :‘back. home.” It is my earnest hope that my investigations and experiences will so enrich my knowledge and understanding that I will be far better equipped upon my return to America to serve the people who read this paper. Forrest Lord, Editor. “It Must Never Be Again” “IT MUST never be again. I would wish a nation so powerful that none would dare provoke its wrath.” These were the words of President Harding as he stood in the presence of the soldier dead brought back from Europe to their final rest- ing placc bcncath American sod. We are told that the President’s eyes were brimming with tears; that his voice shock with emotion. Aye! ’Twas a sight to make the angels weep! There before him were the steel encompassed forms of a thousand young men, their souls gone to repose in the arms of their Maker, their bod- ies crumbling into dust. When the shadow’s of life’s twilight gather around, death comes with comforting arms and takes the weary traveler the way of eternal rest. But life’s morning is radiant with the sunbeams of joy, hope, love, ambition which make the world beautiful and fill the heart of youth with song. Hard to die? Youth thinks so, and can you blame him? It is youth who gives himself a living sacrifice to Mars. It was youth who in the last great war bade goodbye to the sunbeams and turned his face to the shadows and to death. And for what? The hills re-echo, “for what”? The winds take up the cry and moan, “for what.” The mind of man encircling the globe puzzles in the dark- n s and mournfully reiterates, “for what.” c anguished mother clasps to her bosom the THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMERV pictured likeness of her martyred son and her , heart throbs, “Oh, God, for What.” There is no answer. “It must never be again.” There is no doubting the sincerity of those words, Mr. Harding. You mean what you say. If by stopping the beating of your heart .you could simultaneously cause all wars to ceaSe and know that war would be no more, you would not hesitate a moment to take the step. But when you said, “I would Wish a nation so powerful that now would dare pro~ voke its wrath,” methinks the angels wept again and God was troubled. Surely, you do not mean that, President Harding? Surely you have learned that might cannot make right. Surely you know that no nation since the first record was made on the pages of history has been so powerful that none dared. to provoke its wrath. Arro. gant size, wealth and power are the very things which arouse the envy of other nations, and pave the way inevitably for dissension. A nation may be supreme in every other respect but if it be unrighteous it will fall. “It must never be again.” The war’s dead sleep on. They gave their lives fighting a na- tion whose godless ambition was “to become so powerful that none would dare provoke its wrath.” ~ _ More Per Acre I VER SINCE it was founded the Business Farmer has scrupulously avoided filling up its columns with hoary-whiskered articles that have been the theme of nearly all farm papers since Noah sailed the Ark. We felt that inasmuch as some three or four hundred farm papers were all telling their readers the same old story, over and over again, of how to milk the cow, feed the pig, pick the apples, and mow the hay, we thought we would try to be a little bit original and tell them how to sell the milk, the pork, the apples and the hay, so that they might at least draw day wages for their work. We felt that better marketing and not increased production was the farm- er’s real problem. The fact that in the last film years many of the progressive farm pap- crs have accepted this view and that the great- est farmers’ organization ever conceived has come into existence, pledged to a solution of this problem. rather vindicates. our p051- tion upon the matter. The Busmess Farm- cr modestly takes unto itself some of the credit for the awakened interest in Michigan in associations for more economical marketing of the farmers’ crops. It has partially ac- complished one of the things it set out to ac- complish, and it can now afford without in- juring its prestige to give a little more thought to the problems of production which still exist and probably always Will ex1st. Hence, the publication of articles upon. this subject which have appeared in recent issues and will continue to appear in future issues of the Business Farmer. During the war inefficient farmers thought they were making money simply because they got high prices for their products. But now they know better. They know that they have produced at too high a cost, and that if they are to continue in business they must cut their costs. Costs cannot be better reduced than by farming a smaller acreage _and in- creasing the yield per acre. The articles then that will appear in these columns from now on will not try to show how ten acres can be made to produce as much as five formerly produced but how three acres can be made to take the place of five. The average yield per acre of certain crops in this state is. much be- low the average of other states specializing in the same Crops. How can the Michigan farm— cr who'produccs an average of 90 bushels of potatoes to the acre hope to compete With the ‘ Maine farmer who produces an average of 200 bushels to the acre. Now that we stand in a fair way to cut the cost of marketing, will it not be wise to learn how we may cut the acre cost of producingl . Making Headway HE FARMERS are making remarkable headway along legislative and marketing lines. As a result of the “lobbies” which the farm organizations have maintained at Wash-_ ington, those who make and execute our laws are being made acquainted with the farmers’ problems as never before. Up to a few years ago laws were passed without regard to their effect upon the agricultural interests. That was because nearly all other interests were on the job at Washington to see that their own welfare was protected. So long as the farmer stayed at home and did not trouble his, con- gressman and senator by asking them embar- rassing questions, they were easily led into voting for measures which were really harmful to the farmers. But as has been said that time has passed. Today Congress votes somewhat more intelligently upon issues affecting agri- culture because the farmers make it their bus- iness to supply Congress with information for its guidance. It is no uncommon thing nowa- days for a Congressman to arise 0n the floor of the house and plead the farmer’s cause. The debate upon the grain futures bill brought forth several pleas of this kind. Take the following extract, for instance, from the speech of Congressman Ten Eyck of New York: "I believe that we have got to give the farm- ers the same consideration in legislative matters that we accord all other branches of industry. I further believe in the farmers organizing, and the complete co—operation and co-ordination of all the various farm organizations, whereby and through which they can establish a clearing house and work collectively for the best interests of the pro— ducers of the soil. “It a farmer is prosperous, he will be enabled to improve his living conditions in the home; he will be able to build for himself better schools; be will be able to give his children higher educa— tion both in relation to farming and the profes- sions; he will be able to improve his tools and machinery and thus lessen the cost of produc— tion; he will be able to hire adequate labor and thus take away part of the drudgery and the long hours; he will be able to stand the increas- ed taxation for improvement of rural highways so as to connect himself with better transportation facilities to the markets; he will be enabled to use up—to-date motor trucks for transportation purposes,and purchase and raise the best stock and poultry and other commodities, all of which will not only be a benefit to himself but to the world In general and the consumer in particular." Do the Rich Escape? T IS THE popular complaint of the poor that the rich receive special consideration before the law-making bodies and the courts. There is ground for this complaint. Too many rich men have been able to escape the legal consequences of criminal acts by employing ‘ legal talent to find technical flaws in their case or assail the constitutionality of the law. But this is not the rule by any means. Rich men are still going to prison for their misde- meanors and will continue to do so. A recent case involving the scion of a well-to-do family has aroused much interest. A young man by the name of Harrigan, son of a wealthy Grosse Pointe resident, was arrested for driv- ing through a safety zone while drunk and killing a workman. He was tried on the charge of involuntary manslaughter and con- victed. The judge sentenced him from five to fifteen years at Jackson state prison. During the course of the trial it was freely predicted that he would escape conviction because of his wealth and social standing . On the contrary he received the limit of the law and the judge in pronouncing sentence scored him heavily for his crime. It is the proud boast of American citizens that their law is no respecter of persons. It should be the con— stant aim of the courts to interpret the law in this light so that justice may be done to all. A famous movie star who is an expert at roll- ing cigarettes with one hand- and displays this achievement in all pictures in which he appears is said to be a non-smoker. When asked why he rolled them if he did not smoke he answered, ‘You would roll them too if you got as much money as I do for doing it." His salary is mere cigarette money to him. ‘ Robbers took a man's straw bat as part of their loot from a Detroit home recently. How foolish they were. By the time one of them has It clean- ed and blocked so he can wear It be will and it has cost him as much as a new one would. “Wants $3,000 for Dog Bite,” reads a headline in a Detroit newspaper. The party can keep it for all we care. cents for it. June 4, 1921 ' We wouldn’t give him three ' " an rune" a “c.3143“ amt» ., W, - r “,1: 7.3..” swam-w... W 17m BON VOYAGE OUR ANNOUNCEMENT in the April 30th issue of the BUSINESS FAmmn, certainly is important and very interesting. I want to express my personal good luck wish- es along with the good wishes of multitudes of other farmers here. I am sure you will learn a great many things during that trip which will greatly assist in carrying on the good work you are now doing for the co—operation of the farmers. I know you will have a chance to learn an immense lot in Denmark because that is the country where my father lived and died. You will see that the farmers there have per- feet control over the buying and the selling of their own products: that the government has perfect control over the railroads and all other pub- lic utilities, same as in Germany. You will also find the government Socialistic, and that they have gone a little too far in their effort to help the laboring class, for if a laborer is unable to get work he can draw on the government to support him and his family, and of course there is a lot of men unable to find work be— cause it is easier to live on other peo- ple’s taxes. See the point? Good luck on your trip all the way—An- gevine Jensen, Montcalm County. I want to thank you for your thought— fulness in writing me and Wishing me “bon voyager". I shall think of you when I am in the land of your forefathers. Yes, I hope to find out many things which will help me and the M. B. F. to be of greater service to the farmers of Michigan. 11' I do not my trip will be a failure.——~Editor. FEDERAL ROAD AID EPLYING to your favor of May 17th, regarding the Townsend. vs. Dowell Highway Bills, now before Congress, I wish to say that the principal difference between the bills is that the Townsend Bill cre— ates a commission for the purpose of handling Federal Aid, whereas, the Dowell bill ,proposed to distribute federal aid through the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Public Roads, as now organized. Of course, there is little doubt that the expense of distributing the same would be higher under the Townsend Bill on account of the extra over-\- head cost of 'the commission. The working features are about the same in both bills. This department is very anxious to get further federal aid since we are using our bond money at a rate that will probably take it all within‘ the next four years and if federal aid is to be obtained for us on lines where it is most needed, it should be made available in the very near future. Michigan’s share of federal aid under the two appropriations now available will be about $8,961,000 and will be all taken up or contract— ed for within the next year—Frank F. Rogers, State Highway Commis- sioner. The above letter was received in reply to a request to Mr. Rogers that he state his position on th Dowell and Townsend federal highway bills. The former bill has the backing of the American Farm Bureau Federation which claims that it opens the way for federal aid in the con- struction of farm-to—market roads—“Ed- itor. TEXAS OIL PRODUCTS ANSWERS AVERILL SEVERAL of our stockholders have called our attention to a com- munication appearing on page seven of your issue of April 30, 1921 and headed “Texas Oil Pro- ducts Company.” The Texas Oil Products Company is very sound from an investment point of view and many of our large list of stoCkholders have put its soundness to the severest examina- tion and have subscribed a second time and many of them a third and a fourth time. . , ‘ Facts are so different to the state— ments in the communication referr- edto above and signed "Ezra R. I.- Averill,” that one must conclude ‘ and to those who have thatr either he was grossly ignorant or that he had malicious intent. The latter would appear to be the case from the correspondence you inspect- ed, along with other evidence which proved how far this garbled article was from the truth. Averill’s communication deals ex- clusively with the annual report of the secretary to the stockholders, dated March, 8, 1921, to which was attached a copy of our financial statement as of December 31, 1920, This annual report was mailed to all subscribers of record on March 8th, subscribed since. (A copy of this report is en— closed herewith). He calls the trip to Dallas, Texas, where the annual meeting was held, a “junket,” using this word with malicious intent. It might be interesting for your read— ers to know that, with the excep- tion of the Secretary and the Presi- dent of the company, every individ- ual member of that party paid all their own expenses. In his communication to you, this This MICHIGAeN BU-S’INE-ss PARKE-R man makes some absolutely untrue statements, but in the main uses not: ual figures found in our financial statement, only he manipulates the figures to suit his own ends. (The original of this financial statement was prepared and certified to by a Certified Public Accountant of Mich- igan.) Referring to our remark that practically all the old capitalization of $850,000 “had been subscribed for," instead of using the figure $746,330 as being the figure for the total amount of stock subscribed, he uses the figure $486,400, which was the amount of stock actually issued and his comment that this latter amount “is not near the whole of. $850,000” is naturally very mislead- ing and evidently intentionally so. The facts are, that between the date of. the financial statement, Decem- br 31, 1920, and the date of the secretary’s letter, March 8, 1921, the balance of the entire $850,000 capitalization was subscribed for. His comment on deferred charges to operation of $108,212.06 is simp- ly a statement that it covers cer- tain charges, whereas he might have stated that this represents a total ‘* (865) 7' overhead 0! approximately 14 1-2 per cent. So far as we can deter- mine, this shows a lower financing expense than was ever exhibited by any other company in Michigan, selling stock to the general public. His statement that the officers are not large stockholders may be re— futed by the statement that our Vice—president alone owns $61,250 worth of this stock, for which he paid actual cash at the full par value of $10 per share. Averill tries to insinuate that the relationship of the Bostaph Engin- eering Corporation with this com- pany might not be just proper, whereas our printed literature covers this relationship very thoroughly and naturally it is a subject which did not need mention in an annual report to stockholders, inasmuch as they already knew all about it. Averill complains that this com— pany has taken in a certain amount of money in excess of a certain oth- er amount of money which he states built a refinery of 4,000 barrels ca- pacity, and that we have not yet completed a 600 barrel unit. If Av- erill had desired to get proper in- (Continued on page 12) m signHENtauaIEHEHEHEHEnatalalguagugugngngma~ / = u. 3, qummu no.3. FLINT MJCH. "Four-Ninety ” features: Transmission: Select- ive type, hand control, 3 speeds forward, and reverse Electric starter Speedometer Tire carrier Side cIrtnins Electri: lamps Dcmountable rims Licena:holder Complete tool equipment Electric horn Extra rim Fabrlkoid Top HulllllllllllllulllnunnluInIIIHIHIHHIHIHIIIllUHIIIIIuIImmumlmluIlllllnmmllInulmmmnmIImumunun|nHnnmnnulmlmllm IEHQIEE‘HEUFEHEHEWEHEHEi@lElEJIf—EHEUIEIEillEliEflltE—‘afllénééwigllglflfllEHEHIEH Chevrolet Modal “Four-Ninety" Touring Car, 3845 I. o. 5. Flint. Hick. Canadian Price, 8895 f. o. 6. Cultural, Ont. Wigngmgi@ialgnaiwfilalgignmum s CHEVROLET “For Economical Transportation” .lgfllgiglgllfiiifig At the new price, Chevrolet Model “F our-Ninety” touring car is the low- est priced, fully equipped, quality automobile on the market. It places comfortable, convenient and dependable motor transportation within the means of everyone. CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY GENERAL SALES DEPARTMENT NEW YORK CITY Canadian Factory: Chevrolet Motor Company of Canada, Ltd... Oshawa. Out. More than 4, 000 Dealt", Retail Stem and Sonic. Station in United States and Canada EmmmngnaigmmawlmrrMIgiMignmi 1.... limit ill ' ;:m %l@ migmgignngugn s .(866) .. LAST OF THE REOOLLECTIONS , T LAST we arrived at the Tros- sacks, where we were met by a great coach drawn by- four horses and were driven through that great ravine with wooded hillsides stretching up almost as far as eye could see. It was the greenest bit of greenery I saw in Scotland, where the soil is too rocky to produce such an abundance of foliage as we have here in our own lovely state. We drove sixteen miles through the Highlands, catching every now and then glimpses of great heads looking over at us, The Cobbler, The Lovers, occasionally Bern Lomond, until all were lost in the distance and we went along at a good pace over the narrow, winding macadam road, taking curves at a speed that made us think with interest of our accident policies. At last we drew in at twilight to the little station called Aberfoyle and there ended one of the lovliest little journeys any one could wish to have. The twilights are remarkably long in England and Scotland, the dark- ness comes so gradually that you scarcely realize that another day has gone. We came home from a mountain climb one evening, our steps lagging and our spirits long-- ing for the cozy fireside and the cup that cheers, but not inebriates, which they know so well how to draw in that country. Nine—thirty by the clock and day was just going! Scotland appeals to your heart and England to your intellect, with the exception of Edinburg which is essentially intellectual and quaint and interesting beyond description. Your patience may be exhausted, however and as Edinburg, London, Stratford and Warwick have been oft described byai’ar abler pens than mine you will never miss not having my description and impressions of them. WHERE HOUSE‘VIVES FAIL AS CONSUMERS? O HOUSEWIVES buy what they need and do they get what they pay for? These are two of the important questions of the day which should demand the serious consideration of every woman. It is true that women buy 90 per cent of all the commodities sold, and 99 per cent of all the clothing. If then, she is the family purchasing agent, she should be a most judicious planner and a very intelligent buyer. When she attempts at the present time to THE MI-C'HIG‘AN‘ BUSINESS FARHER “The Farm Heme , ,r‘m A Department for the Women ‘ Edited by MRS. GRACE NEILLIS J ENNEY Gittin’ Inter Shape BECKON do angel what roliod 'way do stono. An' lot do Good Shepherd escape, Somo day’ll fly down to dis prison ob oln An' ilb'rato all dat's prepared to como In: Go l'so glttln’ my soul lntor shape, Glttln' my soul inter shape 10' you soo Hlt's a mighty big stone dat's a loyln' on mo Mighty big stone—yes lndoodyl I hope do good angel will hob lots 0' strength, Or also bring old Sampson along Rose the sin on my soul‘s mo'on’fo’ty foot deep, Yo’ see, I bin one ob dose wandorln' sheep. An' hlt‘s gwino tor need somebody strong doan you soo Hlt's a mighty big wolght dat's o rostln' on mo. Pow’ful big weight—Yes lndoodyl l'so glttin' my soul Inter shape fo' do day When Peter ’glns takln' 'is toll: Ready tot- lay down my burden an’ root, Ready to take up do cross ob do blost, Roady tor ontoh do fol’ Gottin' my soul inter shape, doan yo' soo: Dam o big load ob sin rostln' on mo. Ilg load ob slni .Yoo. lndoodyl Yes, lndoodyl ——Ben King. buy cloth, she confronts herself with these questions: Why does it cost so much, and if I do buy, will it wear? Or, if she attelnpts to buy ready- made clothing. SIB asks herself: Why can’t I find garments that are well enough made and so designed that they will wear and be in style for more than four months? These are the questions which oc- cur to every housewife, but how many think them through and con- clude the answers? It is easy, and requires the least amount of effort for her to sit back and hope that Providence will come to the'rescue and cause prices to drop and better goods to be produced. But sooner or later she must realize that her de- mand regulates the supply. The manufacturer makes and produces the goods which he can sell. There- fore, every individual woman must share her burden of responsibility in order to bring cloth and ready-made clothing back to pre—war standards. Until she stands firmly by her con- victions and refuses to buy except what she demands, she will continue to be the ignorant victim of greed and dishonesty. Now she asks, just what and how can she contribute to this cause? It is easy providing she first sees her duty and conscientiously does it. First—In order to be an efficient consumer she should understand the economic conditions regulating the supply of raw material as affected by the war. Secondly—She should lock the family purse and open it only when Thirdly—K‘now definitely what the purpose and use of the new gar- ment is to be; then know the most desirable cloth for that particular use and then look until you find just what you want before buying. Fourthly—Know how to judge materials scientifically. Experience is a good teacher but sometimes un- profitable. However, the best qual- ified and most efficient consumer is the one who combines scientific knowledge and her experience and then buys judiciously. Practically all cloth is made from one of the four principal textile fibres—wool. silk, cotton or linen. Zach fibre has particular properties which in turn makes its woven fab- ric most desirable for certain things. These materials have a direct ef- fect on the laws of health which should be thoroughly understood by every housewife. Everyone knows wool is harder to launder than cot- ton, but how many know why? Some silk materials wear well, others do not. Can the average housewife apply simple tests which will help her to judge cloth and thus spend her money wisely? She much pre- fers linen dish towels to cotton ones but can she intelligently account for her choice? Some materials crock. Will she take a chance, or should she know how to test crocking be- fore she buys questionable material? Therefore, in this critical period of reconstruction when prices , are high, material poor and not reliable, it is most essential that every wo- man acting in the capacity of the family purchasing agent and banker, June 4, 1921 silk, cotton and linen as brought on by the war, but she also should know how to judge, test and care for materials, and if she does, she will buy what she wants; will get what she pays for and thus become an intelligent consumer.—Filorence A.» Stoll, Instr. of Home Economics, M. A. C. CORRESPONDENTS COLUMN I have read your many helpful hints to others, and therefore feel encouraged to bring you my question. The house we recently bought, has a parlor or living room on the north side of house. It is papered with a brown oatmeal paper, has one east window and one north window. The room is very dark. The casings are natural ., dark wood varnished. A picture moulding of white is 12 inches from ceiling. Now I am planning to paper with light paper. Shall I use the moulding as it is or should it be placed next to ceiling? Should it match casings? Thanking you in advance, I remain an interested reader of your page. only wishing there was more of it. Sincerely —-Mrs, H. M. M You will certainly improve your room very much by putting on a paper with cheerful, warm ,tin‘ts. A northeast room needs cream, buff and old rose shades and a paper with an all over design, quiet and dignified, yet warm and capable of reflecting the light would give the best result. The picture moulding should be put at the ceiling and done in tone to match it. The picture moulding is considered to be part of the architecture of the house and shall be unconspicuous. Would you consider having your wood work all done over in white enamel or a soft ivory white? If not then give it one coat of varnish, have it rubbed down well to remove the gloss and have it rubbed with a coat of Old Eng- lish Floor Wax. Put ruffled cur- tains of net or marquisette or even dotted Swiss at the windows and tie them back with broad bands of the same material, starched a little to keep them smooth. These curtains may be used at all Windows both up- stairs and down. They furnish the window and still let in all the light possible. I would have the space directly in front of your windows clear of furniture or plants so that the sunlight and air may enter the room. I thank you very much for your words of appreciation, a little praise makes my work very enjoyable and I am indeed happy to make sugges- tions. 1 do not say give advice, for it has been said that advice is the very worst of all vices. I would be much interested to ,know how you decide to do your room. liliilllll illlilllllllllllilIlllllllllllllllllilllllllllllIlllllllililllllillllllilllilllllllilllllllll|Illllllllliilililllllllllililllliilllillllll llil EAR CHILDREN: School has D closed for many of you and you are enjoying a vacation. Others will be out within the next few weeks. And I know you all have made plans as to what you are go- ing to do this summer. When I was a small boy and went to the little country school when spring came I could hardly wait until vacation time so I could live out—of-doors all day long with my dog. My dog and I were great chums and I am sure we loved each other as much as any animal and human being can. About the only thing he and I would disagree on was the cat. He always wanted to chase her and I did not want him to because I liked the cat very much. I received another letter during the past week from the little girl living in New York state. She says she likes our page very well now and thinks the letters and stories most interesting. As we have just a lit— tle space this week again I ‘will close so I can print more of those interesting letters for her and you to read—UNCLE NED. OUR BOYS AND GIRLS Dear Uncle Nedz—I am ten years old and live on a farm with my grandpar- ents. I will tell of our trip to the city near us recently. We started at 9:30 and stopped and got my aunt. After we reached the city we first tried to get .in .where they were having a soap sale, but there were so many people after tho soap we could not even get in the store.’ Next we wanted to get me a pair of slip- pers. We tried four shoe stores and in the fourth they send us to the base- ment and while trying on my slippers the lights went out and the clerk had to light three old fashioned candles to see to fit me. After that we tried on it is absolutely necessary. Buy new not only should inform herself on clothing only when it is Essential. the economic conditions of wool, illlllilllllilllllllllllll i :lu'""""'nillli{i i . 9 ii ""| hats in three or four stores before we found what I liked. Then grandpa said that the cats was the next thing. After a good dinner we went to the new market which covers a block. We met a cousin and had a visit with him. We then saw a movie Show and reached home at five o'clock—drone G Perry, lrand Blanc, Mich., R-3, Dear Uncle Nedr—I think you have a nice job, that of making a garden. I don‘t blame you for feeling like rolling in the dirt, of course before things are planted. If I were there I would like to go out and help you, just to feel the cool earth on my bare feet. Yes 1 go bare-footed even if I am 1‘4 years old. I am the oldest child in the family and there are eight besides me. You must add the third pair of twins to your list. Norma and Orma are their names and they are 10 months old. I Went back to our swamp a while ago and saw for the first time a. red-winged blackbird. They are very pretty. Do any of the cousins know a girl by the name of Gladys Lake If so please tell her to write to me. Write to me one andiall. -—Doris E, Brown, Burt Mich., R-3. Dear Uncle Ned: Iam a girl 12 years old and in the seventh grade. I have a white Angora rabbit and a cat for pets. We have three horses, three cows and three calves. We have about 80 hens besides about 10 hens that want to set and that have chickens. We have 28 baby chicks and 5 hens setting. In one week we got 22 dozen eggs besides what we ate. Our .chickens are full- blooded Barred Plymouth Rocks. I read your letter Margaret and am goin to try to do better than some do. As t is is the first time I have Written I can think of a. lot to write. Say Mar- garet will you write something about New York for the M. B. F.? Please do, as I have never been there. I would like to hear about it. I live in a. grove of trees and every summer we see all , ‘ The Chlldrens . ~ . {til-:{ézghqis' ,. l- mllia'iliiiL, mas; 3!. kinds of birds’ nests. Last summer a. robin had a nest about a rod from the house and the babies would call every time we got near the nest. They thought it_was their mother coming. A hum- ming bird had a. nest near the house and we watched her build it; but some- tiling; happened to her and we did not see her again. I have had a. baby blackbird and a robin in my hand. This summer I am going to plant a garden of carrots, peas, lettuce, radishes, melons and musk- melons. Most of the things I can feed to my rabbits. Say, Uncle Ned, do you print poems that are sent in? I may send in one some time. Would you print pictures in the paper if I sent some of the farm and fiyhrabbits?—Marion Parmalee, Remus, c . Yes, Marion, I am glad to print stories or poems written by my nephews and nieces. I would be pleased to receive the picture. I am sure we can find room for at least some of them and maybe all. Dear Uncle Ned—May I join your merry circle? I am a farmer girl, 13 years old and in the sixth gade at school. We have four horses and eight cows. I have a rabbit or a pet. I have two brothers also one sister. We have‘ a dog named Shop, I like the M. B. F. very well. I like the Doo Dads, they are so funny. Well I will close—Anna. Pospisil, Carland, Mich. Dear Uncle Ned2—Hello. It has been quite a while sinCe I wrote to you It has been quite nice weather hasn't it? There are so many pretty flowers the woods. I go to the woods every week. There are violets, boys and girls. May flowers and a. number of other flowers, too. I wonder how many of our little friends remembered to hang May baskets on some one’s door, last Sun~ day? I did. I wish you could visit our school the last day of this month. We are going to have a Japanese program, a May Queen 3. May pole and a picnic. I am sure you would enjoy it if you did come. We would like to have you come, won't you? Say Uncle Ned I have a subject to bring before you, which I am sure all of the children will approve of. Won’t you please print your picture, or have it put in the children’s corner, where the children can all see how you look. I am sure they have all formed opinions of you and would like to know if they are right. Will you?——Haze1 Leitha Harpst, Alma, R 4, Michigan. Dear Uncle Ned: I am a little boy 10 years old and in the 4th grade. For pets I have 3 doves and 2 robbits. I live on a 50 acre farm. I have never been tardy since I have been going to school and I have missed only 1 and 1-2 days this winter. This makes the second time I have written to you—Watson Durham. R 1, Hemlock, Mich. Dear Uncle Ned: I am a girl 14 years of age. I have about a mile and a. quarter to walk to school. I have 2 sisters and 5 brothers. My father takes the M. B. F. and we like it fine. I wish some of the boys and girls would write to me. I would be glad to answer their letters.—-—Thelma Johnston, McBridcs. Michigan. Dear Uncle Ned—I am a farmer girl 10 years old. I have 3 sisters and no brothers. I go to school almost every day and am in the 5th grade. For pets I have a. dog and a cat. The dog’s name is Crlo an the cat's name Spotty. I will close with a. riddle: Three corner a uare, black as a "bear. Ans—«Flat iron. C ristine Louise Ross, Columbiaville, Michigan. Dear Uncle Ned—I am another boy who wants to join your merry circle, may I? I am 9 years old and in the 4th grade at school. For pets I have a. do: and a horse. I like the Child- ren's Hour; also the D00 Dads. They are such funny little people—Dean Tumor: Vulcan, Mich. .mrm,.m.s. _ ' Taber-.3 . a. 11.12511, -. www.mm. . ' tau-«w. asst-9:. street of Burlington, all of . .June 4, 1921'“ DETROIT AREA DAIRYMEN SEEK MARKET CONTROL (Continued from page 1) was still functioning to the satis- faction of all concerned, so the of- ficers of the State Ass’n refused to be worried by what might develop in the dairy situation. Western Farmers Take Action As stated before, the farmers of other dairy districts have already engaged in projects of manufactur— ing and distributing. By putting up milk of the best quality and making the surplus into cheese and butter. they have been able to exert a mark- ed influence upon their market. This, may account in partfor the fact that since the first of the year the producers supplying all other cities of the United States, with but few exceptions, have received a material- ly higher price for their milk than have the producers of the Detroit area. During the month of March for instance, only one important CitY, viz” Milwaukee, secured milk from farmers at a cheaper price and only one other, Chicago, at the same price as was paid the farmers of the Detroit area. All other important dairy areas received from ten to fifty per cent more for their milk. As was recorded in the April 9th issue of the BUSINESS FARMER. the Producers’ Association supplying the city of Los Angeles, purchased con- trol of the leading creamery com- pany of that city and have met. with no difficulty in making a success or the venture and at the same time paying their members a price uni— formly higher at all times than farmers have received in almost any other part of the country. The city of Cumberland, Mary— land, receives the majority of its milk through a distributing plant owned by the farmers who produce the milk. In this case, too, the con- sumer has received a better quality of milk and the farmer has received a. better price. In the state of Washington a number of farmer—owned manufact- uring and distributing plants are under construction. These will be the first of a chain of plants pro- moted by the Lewis-Pacific Dairy- men’s Ass'n. Speaking of the movement in the state of Washington, the Washing- ton Farmer says: “The‘ world war delayed develop— ment of the movement, for our dairymen in common with others. put aside their personal warfare and devoted their energies to meeting their country’s needs. Since its close, however, they have been tak- ing part in the work of reconstruc- tion and have come to the conclu- sion that it would materially aid in cutting down the high cost of living and help them in their industry to manufacture their own product and put it directly into the hands of the consumer. The result is shown in the operation of milk distributing plants and cheese factories or creameries in at least two counties of western Washington.” The photograph of the architect’s plans for the plant at Chehaiis which will do a general manufacturing and distributing business, is reproduced on our front page. Another plant of-about the same capacity is being built by the Skagit county produc- ers. Of this latter plant the Wash- ington Farmer has the following to say: “It is being erected on a five acre site, Just south of Burlington, and covers an area 165 x 240 feet, not including the boiler house, which will contain three De Pere boilers Its capacity will be 200, 000 pounds of milk daily, which will be handled by five separators, capable of run- ning through 20,000 pounds of milk per hour. The skimmed milk will be manufactureddnto milk powder. The machinery and equipment are most modern in every respect and absolutely sanitary. At a later date the plant will be equipped to can milk. The factory will be approach- ed by concrete paved roads from the Pacific highway and from the main this work being undertaken by the town of Burlington. To take care ‘of the waste from the plant the city re- cently sold $20,000 worth of bonds 'to dispose. of his crops. THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER and installed a sewage system that will be fully adequate. “When completed the project will represent an outlay of approximate- ly $250,000. The capital stock of the association is $100,000, of which $80,000 has been subscribed. A bond issue of $300,000 has also been put on the market for subscrip- tion by members of the association, and of this some ”$130,000 has al— ready been sold. The funds on hand at this time are hardly enough to take care of all obligations. for as elsewhere in the country. money has been right in Skagi: county on ac- count of the inability of the farmer but no anxi- ety is being felt Within the associa- tion as. to'the financial issue of the venture. “Eighty—five per cent of the milk produced in Skagit county has been pledged to the association. and if the frequent meetings that have been held are any indication. there is the most wholesome interest in and support for the undertaking. “The dairymen recognize they have not the training to handle the products of the consumer. but they believe that money will buy trained help to take care of this important part of the work and theyare pledg— ed to spare no expense in securing the best possible men to look after marketing." SURVEY SHO‘VS NORMAL GRAIN’ ACREAGE FOR 1921 (Contiviilrvl from page 4‘1 returned there was voiced hitter op- position to the enormously high tax~ es and freight rates. though few suggested a remedy. Several fav- ored government ownership of the roads, but one-was certain that “ev- everything which the government touches becomes afflicted with creep— ing paralysis." The most. surprising result of the survey was the almost unanimous approval of good roads, despite the prevailing high taxes. Less than twenty per cent of the corre spond— ents said that, the farmers did not favor continued expenditures for road building. The reason usually given in these cases was that public improvements should be deferred un— til the farmers had recovered from the blow which they have suffered. Nearly all favor a protective tariff on farm products. There were ex- ception to this rule, however. Some of the opinions are given below: Lake county: “All farmers in fav- or of good roads. They do not ob- ject to a tax sufficient. to construct and maintain good roads." Chippewa: “The attitude of the farmers apparently is of little use. as it is evident congress is too busy engaged in looking after the inter- ests of big business to think much of the needs of the farmers." losco: “Eager for more good gravel roads." St. Clair: “Lots of good roads be— ing built, but we are getting recon- ciled to the high taxes so there isn’t much kicking." Ionia: “Taxes too high: too much graft going on in our state but think it’s going to be better because Gov. Groesbeck will clean house. I think we got a good Governor. We cer- tainly need the tariff. Ought to have had it long ago. Freight alto— gether too high. Should have peace by this time. Stop road building un- til we get better times." Kent: “This is a Republican town- ship so most favor protective tarifl and League of Nations with reser- vations. Hostile toward railroads because of high freight rates; pat- ronizing auto busses and trucks whenever possible. Mostly in favor of highway construction.” Oakland: "Highway construction seems to meet with favor. " Barry: "Most everybody favors good roads." Oscoda: “In favor of tariff and highway construction. ” Newaygo: “Not very favorable to high taxes and freight rates, but are building more and better roads.” Sanilac: “Going slow on good roads construction on account of un- settled conditions. ” Ingham: “Favor tariff; think U. 8. allows railroads too much credit; favor highway construction; believe in a ‘let—alone’ policy for foreign af- fairs.” Genesee: “Favorable toward high- way construction, protective tariff and income tax. All are ‘hollering’ for less taxes/’- ‘ Attitude Favorable Toward Organ- ization In answer to the question: ”What is the attitude of farmers toward the farm bureau and other farm organi- zations,” a great variety of replies were received, indicating that al- though there was some dissatisfac- tion in nearly every section the great majority were willing to give their farm organizations a chance to make good and would stick together. Such words as “dissatisfied,” “favorable.” "disappointed," “enthusiastic," “in- different," “hopeful,” were used to describe attitude of farmers. Lengthier opinions were given as follows: Genesee county: “A big majority think the Farm Bureau and other organizations are a failure. Must say hard times makes them think that way more than anything else. They need the money.” Lake: “Farm Bureau has organi- zations in this county. Farmers are hopeful of real help from the Farm Bureau. Personally, I am waiting and watching. Farm organizations as a rule have been of little help [in- ancially to farmers." Chippewa: “The Farm Bureau has not been in existence here long enough to be effective. They have sold much hay, mostly at a loss to the farmers. but, that of course, is not the fault of the Bureau." Livingston: “Farmers are favor- able to organization as all belong to some organization.” Gratiot: “The Farm Bureau is all right if all farmers will join and stick together." Oakland: “Seems to be very good and meetings seem to have good at— (867) 9 1y back of Farm Bureau and Beet. Association.” Ingham: “The attitude towards the Farm Bureau, Gleaners. Grange. is kindly. Nearly every one is a Farm Bureau member.” Clare: "I think if the farmer sticks to it and remains loyal to the Bureau he will win out in the end." THE ROBUST BEAN, AN EXCEL- LENT VARIETY. \VELL ADAPTED TO MICHIGAN (Continued from page it) spring decided to grow beans, al- though such is not a common prac— tice in that locality. He obtained certified Robust and the crop made a fine start, however, in July and August, Mr. Chapman dared not hope for a harvest but to his great surprise and pleasure he found that at threshing time he had a very good crop of A. No. 1 Robust beans. In Tuscoia county the Early Wonder pea bean is more popular than the Robust bean, due to the fact that it matures somewhat. ear- lier. Owing to its earliness of maturity, the Early Wonder will do better than the R0— bust when the date of planting is late; however. variety tests show the Robust to outyield the Early Wonder, if the date of planting be medium early, probably before June 10th. in that so many farmers at sev— eral different points throughout the state have received such good yields of clean choice beans from the use of certilied seed stock, many County Agents, Co~operaiive Managers and Farm Bureau representatives are strongly recommending such seed stock. in fact, the Farm Bureau Seed Department, Lansing. Miclri— gan. are making every endeavor to pick up all the certified Robust, and Early Wonder beans that are avail- able in order that their members may be supplied with seed of proven tendance- T119011? hard thing is to worth, which in the field and bin get them to SUCk- showed itself to be clean. pure and Sanilac: “Farmers standing loyal- free of diseases. ancc. SAVE Here is “here you can sax c on a work— —53\ ing oil range~—onc til at will do all your cooking and baking—:1 beauty in design and appear- $3 793 for this KALAMAZOO \Vritc today—Get our special summer offt r. easy payments — quick shipments ~— unconditionai guarantee Kalamazoo Stove Co., Mfrs. V4 the Price Cook in Cool Comfort Prices have hit the bottom. Wick Oil Range (‘ash or Ask for catalogue No. 177 7 Kalamazoo. Mich. After = l-'__e Trial The Belulln Malone Selim rotor — w l h the wonderful other like It. 80days’ free trial—then if satisfied, only $7. 60 and in few easy payments ~— A N D -— the wonderful Bel inn Melotto Separator ll Y S. No Money Down! Catalog tells UellS-wrzB tla. caution-U letin S’201“ ' shows that vibration of the bowl causes crease / waste! The Helotie bowl I. ulf- balancing. Positively cennot get out of balance therefore cannot vibrate. Can't remix cream with milk. The Mela!“ has won 16‘ Grand and International Catalog FREE Write for new Melotte cat- :lza containing full description In wonderful cream. ee orator dthe story of {M elotto. itl inventor. Don’ itJbuyl any new unto:- until you have found out oil 10 neon about the Halo tte and de- tails of our 15—y eu- cuumtee which ll infinitely etr’onzer any: orator gnu-mm. M12." T0 The Malone Separator. H. 8. Baboon. 0.5.5:". 00913305. 2.43 W. 19th 8M Chicago. Ill. Little Livestock Ads. in M. B. F. 30 Days ionAWA-L— 11 11 p 5111.11.15 133 Now (unifys Other sizes 2 to 22 H- l’ at _L proportionally low prices. 90 Days Trial-~19 Yr. Guarantee ._—. _—__ fiood‘engines at lowl_ prices because made 1n image quantities and sold irect from factory. Stetlomry.Pox-tab1e Sew i3. Kerosene c.5311” Moet sizes to choose from. EE MGINE . BOOK- ~- . Getourlow priceebefore You dec lde on any engine. : "mm MFG. w IZU- I King Street Inn/A, - KANS A3 Do the Trick “B“! gator-e you buy an Islnglnel Sapl- rator, Spre-dorolreny 0th ermnchme '5er ll ;..) Gelloway' I new low price: save 56. pleased customer-e testlf flogltlooesl designs, best materials. Sat- . infection guaranteed. Send - .GALLOWAY CO 1 ustwrlhnndzet " my New.- _Ill’oooe look—Med: ' m” {on an an thiamine” by “'1" 'mwmy—rm in Maui ”0:, dddonunttoucN $0111.13“ uBRO FENCE uni-lieu. dug“.- wily Gelmlyed— —mt Mud-fin- pi- e. are endbeok "EMMA.- fEIGE l IIIE 60.. IepiJ l27.CLEVELIII. O. TRADE AND MARKET REVIEW HE PASSING of the last week Tin the spring season of 1921 sees very little change in the business and industrial situation, the country over. Trade experts report a general improvement along many lines with certain marked exceptions such as iron, steel, lumber, builders‘ hardware, ready-made clothing, foot- wear and haberdashery. \Vith the single exception of live stock, the gradual rise, in the value of farm products continues. Wheat, corn, oats, hides, wool and cotton are all on the up-grade greatly improving the farmers’ outlook for the season from the standpoint. of selling values; it must be acknowledged, however, that a probable crop short- age has had something to do with price improvement. So far this spring, weather conditions have been far from ideal for agriculture but recent rains, accompanied with warm weather, have done much to remedy the damage that, earlier, seemed inevitable. The probable early application of the terms of the emergency tariff act, to the trade in farm products, seems to be having a hardening influence upon the value of articles included in the list. The eye of the experienced observ- er is able, to detect great improve- ment in the financial outlook, both from a national and international standpoint. Ever since Germany ac- cepted the reparation terms offered by the Allies, the financial and busi- ness equilibrium of the world at large, has been disturbed by the Si-“ lesian row and the country-wide strike of the British coal miners; now that both of these paramount problems seem to be practically solv- ed, the beneficial influence of the war indemnity settlement begins to be felt. The reinstatement of mnic- able trade relations, between the countries recently at War with each other, has been greatly hindered by the influences referred to above and many others not yet settled but, that marked progress has at least been made, is certainly encouraging. In the great international finan- cial ensemble, France, being the greatest economic sufferer from the effects of the war, has recently, been the weakest element in the equation; the tremendous sums which this country has borrowed from the Bank of France since the armistice, have startled the world and tended to the universal conviction, that unless this country could, very soon, arrive at a settlement with her old arch en- emy, concerning indemnity pay- ments, national bankruptcy would be the only resort. The settlement has been made, the date for the first payment has been fixed by Germany and the effect on French credits has been absolutely electrical. During the past week, the French govern- ment has reduced its bank borrow- ings by 100,000,000 francs making its total repayments, during the last three weeks, 500,000,000 francs. Simultaneously with the above comes the information that the French government has removed limitations from many articles on its import schedule, including Am- erican wheat and corn. One of the most discouraging of recent developments, in connection with our export business, is the de- cline in the value of the English pound sterling. To offset the cheap- ening effect of current exchange rates we have the encouraging ari- nouneement from our leading bank- crs that every dollar borrowed here by foreign governments must remain here to pay for future purchases of American products or to be applied toward the liquidation of obligations which we held against the govern- ments borrowing the money of us. The New York stock market has been a badly mixed deal. 01 late, with motors and otlm industrial- showing a tendency to weaken while rails tended upward influenced, probably, by promised wage cuts. “THE "‘if'Icn‘rcAN Business 1. Edited by H. H. MACK WGENERAL MARKET SUMMARTW DETROIT—Wheat quiet. and sheep lower. Corn and oats firm. Beans inac- tive. Hay steady. Potatoes dull. CHICAGO—All grains steady. Provision trade slow. Cattle Hogs higher. Potatoes easy. ket page Is set. In type. wing to press—Editor. (Note: The above summarized Information was received AFTER the balance of the mar- It contains last minute Information up to wlthln one-half hour of The passing of regular dividend disbursements, by many of the lead- ing market specialties, has tended to weaken the stragetic position of the stock market situation. Call money has been holding around 7 per cent for some time past. WIIEAT WHEAT PRICES PER 30., MAY 81771921 Grade ioJimzi IChicagoI u. v. (to. 2‘583 . . . . 1.55W1.cc'/§ No. 2 White 1.50 No. 2 Mixed 1.50 PmcésWoN'i-E‘VEAR Aoo INo.2 Rodi No.2 Whltci No.2 Mixed DVJ‘oIt I 3.12 I 3.10 I 3.10 Last week was a period of reac- tion in the Wheat market and prices ruled lower on the majority of the markets; Detroit finished 10 cents off for the week. Millers were not very active when it came to buying as they say trading in flour is slack. The mill-feed business is dull. Buy- ing by houses with seaboard con- nections continued but no spectac- ular sales were noted. Reports from the wheat fields of the west are bear- ish as beneficial rains fell the mid— dle of the week saving the crop in many sections. If it had not been for the fact that two holidays were coming at once it is believed that wheat prices would have advanced on the closing day of last week; how— ever, prices at Chicago did go up sharply 30 minutes before the close of the trading. Receipts from country shipping points were fairly liberal most of the week. Monday of the present week, being Decora— tion Day, there was no trading on any markets. There is much specu— lation as to what the opening on Tuesday will bring forth. It is thought the market will be favor- able to higher prices. help corn as it. will keep out Argen— tine corn, which has been a bearish factor for a long time on the mar- kets of this country. OATS OAT PRICES PER BU., MAY 31,1821 Grade iced-6n I Chicaoo IN No. 2 Whlto . . .I .45 I .4036 No. 8 White . . .l .48 Val .40 No. 4 White ...I .4o'/2| PRICES ONE YEAR A00 7' INo.2 WhlIoI No.3iWhItoI No.4 Whit-o Detrolt I 1 .23 I 1 .22 I 1 .21 Oats and corn are back at their old game and what helps corn also helps oats. Commission houses were the main buyers last week. The tone of the market was steady with offering moderate. Receipts from the country were fair. Eastern de- mand played a large part in the tone of the market as principal sales went that direction. Domestic de~ mand was slow. RYE ‘ The Detroit rye market is dull and the price is off. No. 2 closed last Saturday at $1.50 Exporters are not taking much interest in this grain at the present time. BEANS - BEAN PRICES— PER CWT. MAY 31,1921 W Grade W chtroiIWi lChicach N. Y. c _.H_P.Wf...f”jl31o I450 Imso‘ Red Kidneys ....I PRICES om: _v_EAR AGO klcfi “* a ...................... I 7.85 Detroit. Reaction appeared in the bean market also. The market made two declines, one of 20 cents and one of 10 cents, last week. Trading is only moderate. POTATOES SPUDS PER__ CWT., MAY 81,1921 i ISackcIdIl 3qu Detroit ............... I: 1. 00 II Chicago .50 I .65 New York I 1.15 Pittsburg I 1.93 WPRICES ONE YEAR AGO CORN 001311 PRICES PER BU., MAY 81,1921 Grade W; lDatr-oit. Ic_hicago_I‘N. Y. No. 2— Yellow ...I .67 I .64 l “I". 3 VF" "W ...I .60 No. 4 Yellow ...I .63 _ _. *7 PRICES ONE YEAR AGO .. ,._-._.i,. > ‘ 1 No.3 Yell] No.4 Yell. Detroit ........... ‘I 2.05 I 2.00 Corn followed the trend of wheat the early part of last week but af- ter the first three days of trading heavy buying by the east worked the market into a firm position. It is believed most of this corn was for overseas. Foreigners are well sat- isfied with the present level of corn prices in this country and have done considerable purchasing the past few weeks. Farmers are in favor of higher prices and are not selling their surplus to allow any stocks to accumulate on the market. The emergency tariff bill is expected to Detroit ............... WI 8.84 I Potatoes are easy with prices low- er on some markets. The Detroit market lost 15 cents last week. Re- ceipts are about of the same volume as has been coming onto the mar— ket but demand is slack. The hot weather is making old potatoes very unpopular with consumers. New stock is coming on the market in fairly good volume and the prices are not prohibitive. HAY The hay market 'is firm. and, at Detroit, at last week’s prices. The demand is light but receipts are sufficiently small to maintain the hogs with cool water. Load Cars of Live Hogs With Care in Hot Weather HE SEASON for extremely hot weather is at hand and shippers will do well to take great care in loading cars of live hogs to guard against losses from smothering. cold water before loading, bedding with Cinders or sand and loaded far below their estimated capacity for cool weather. ice should be scattered over the floor of the car and sacks of crushed ice should be hung from the ceiling, equal distance from eadi side, so that they will swing when the car moves and spray the backs of the Great care should be taken not to lover-heal hogs while loading. —H. H. Mack. Cars should be drenched with Small pieces of I No. 1 TIm.I cum. Tlm.! 119,2 jig: Detroit. I20 00@21I18 00@20I18 00919 Chicago ..22 00 @ 23I20. 00 @21I18.00@ 19 New York 26. 00@ 29 2.00@20 Pittsburg .I.22 50@28 20. 00 ’59 21II18. 00618 No. No. .1 IInght M1Ix. IICIovor Mix. II Clover Detrolt I19 00@20117 00@18 1500®18 Chicago ...I1900@20I1800@19I16.00@19 New York I25. 00 @2 8] 20.00 @25 Pittsbura I18 00@19l16 00@17|1500@18 HAY Pmcas —A— YEAR AGO WW— I No I Tim I Stan. Tim. I No.2 Tlm. Detroit .I37. 50@138I38. 5093735. 50638 No I .1—W ILightA11lx. IICIovor Mix. | Glover Detroit. .I36. 50 @ 87I35. 50 @ 36I35. 50 @ 36 present level of prices. This mar- ket is holding up surprisingly well considering the season. DETROIT PRODUCE MARKET Dressed calves—Choice, 13@15c; medium, 11@12c; coarse, 9@10c per lb. Dressed hogs—Light, 10c; heavy, 6 @ 8c per lb. Eggs—Fresh current receipts 22 1-2c per doz. Live poultry—Best broilers, 45@ 50c; small, 35c; hens, 24@25c; old roosters, 15c; staggy young roost— ers, 16@18c; ducks, 35c; geese, 15c; turkeys, 30¢ per 1b. LIVE STOCK MARKETS The opening trade, of the last week of the spring market season was the Signal for the beginning of one of the worst slumps, in the mar- ket for live animals, that the coun- try‘lias ever experienced. Review- ingr the situation, now that the smoke of battle has cleared away, it is easy to see that the packing house crowd had Uhe stage care- fully set for the wholesale slaughter of prices and succeeded even better than they expected. From the close of the week before to Saturday of last week, cattle and hogs, in nearly all grades, declined more than $1 per cwt.; the decline In sheep and lambs, to, was even greater. On the close in Chicago, last week, thin greasy sheep could hardly be given away and lambs of similar quality were in about the same position. Chicago get 5,000 more cattle last week than during the week be- fore but it was the general lack of demand for fresh beef rather that the burdensome weight of arrivals that caused prices to sag. One of the main causes for the application of a lower list of quotations by cat- tle buyers, last week was the sea- sonable advent of hot weather which caused the animals on sale,to take on heavy “fills," a condition which tends to unusually heavy shrink- ages as shown by the dressing sheets. The export demand was almost en- tirely lacking only 700 being taken for shipment abroad during the en- tire week; a drop in the selling pric— es for dressed beef in the English markets was the reason given by ex- porters for dullness of the export trade. During the first four days of the week eastern order buyers did little in Chicago assigning as a reason for their idleness a dull dressed beet trade in a] leastern markets. On Friday and Saturday, shippers were more active in the Chicago cattle market and a part of the early loss- es were regained. The top for ma- ture steers, in Chicago, last week was $8.90. The top, for yearling steers, was $9.50. Butchers cattle, canners,,cutters and bulls declined from 75 cents to $1 per cwt. during the Week and feeding cattle showed a loss of 25 to 50 cents per cwt. With‘a total of 76,020 sheep and lambs on sale for the week, the re- ceipts at Chicago were 7,000 heav— ier than during the week before, 22,- 000 more than for the corresponding week last 'year and 25,000 larger than two years ago. The average Quality showed a big decline mak- ing it apparent that the trade in all grades of aged sheep is practically on a grass basis. Texas sheep are running' freely and their competi- _ . » . . v..’_.\»....‘ ..."..- «a...» ... . '>~*-A‘*N".‘""7“ —~~—.—~..- during the period referred_ . w. 7. ran» m I» ‘ I'i'I".%W?‘Pi*$