    
    
 ' thf,Bu8inééi Fannciicommg—y  i i:
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[m
h

‘ ndépendent
Farm Magazine Owned and
 Edited in Michigan

VOL. X, N0. 11 i i MOUNT CLEMENS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1923‘

NIH
.ﬁ

   
$1 PER YEAR

  
j j Don’t F orget’ Farmers’ Week, Mirhigan Agricultural (,‘oNege, East Lansing, January 29th to i  
,    February 2nd,- 1923é~Dn Friday Extends You a Personal Invitation ~~see page 3. . 

 
“.11.... .4”... -.._.... H...

, WJERSIchMEN MEET DURING
v FARMERS' WEEK

1 ‘ v ‘HE annual’winter meeting of. the

" 'Michigan Jersey Cattle Club will

take place during Farmer’s
Week at the Michigan Agriculture
College January 30th and 31st, Tues-
day and Wednesday. The ﬁrst
meeting will be held at 10:30 a. m.,
Tuesday and the members will be ad-
dressed by three speakers. Prof. 0.
E. Reed of the College will speak on
“The Future of the Jersey in Michi-
gan." Mr. H. _F. Probert will address
the assembly en “Breeding for Type
and Production.” Also an interest-
ing talk will .be given by Prof. H. E.
Dennison of the College. A business
meeting is to be held on Wednesday
and at that time oﬂicers for the new
year will be elected. Also there
will be a general discussion on breed-
ing, feeding and testing led by Pres.
Probert. All Jersey breeders in
Michigan are cordially invited and
urged to attend.

CHICAGO PRODUCERS IN FIRST
PLACE

HE Chicago Producers’ Commis-

sion Association stepped into

ﬁrst place at the Union Stock
Yards in Chicago the week ending
January 6th. The weeks business
of 246 cars was greater than
that of any other ﬁrm at the yards,
where there are more than 100 com—
mission houses. The Chicago Pro-
ducers have been juggling between
second and third place for several
months, and have ﬁnally reaches the
top at the Chicago terminal. It is
regarded as a sensational achieve-

4

ment of' the farmers’ livestock mar-
keting program.

The Producers stood in ﬁrst place
at Buffalo, Indianapolis and Peoria
last week as well as in Chicago.
This is the association of which
Michigan is a member. The Pro-
ducers’ Live Stock Commission As-
sociation at East St. Louis stood in
second place with 135 cars.

The Producers at Indianapolis
marketed 230 cars, or one—fourth of

all the live stock in the Indianapolis

yards. At Buffalo the Producers had
16 per cent of all the live stock—116
cars.

POTATO PRODUCERS MEET
FEBRUARY 1 AND 2

HE Michigan Potato Producers'
Association will hold a big an-
nual meet and potato show dur-

ing Farmers’ Week. The meeting
will last for two days, Thursday
morning at 9:00 and the last meet—
ing will begin Friday at the same
hour. “What the College is doing
for the Potato Producers” will be
the topic discussed by Prof. J. F.
Cox,‘Farm Crops Department of the
College. Thomas Buell, president of
the association will take for his talk
“Michigan’s Place in the Production
oi Certiﬁed Seed Potatoes." Hal B.
Fullerton, director ‘ of agriculture,
Long Island Railroad, Medford, Long
Island, N. Y., will talk on “Healthy
Spuds for Long Island.” Prof J. W.
Weston, potato specialist oi the Col-
lege will give a report of the season’s
experimental work with potatoes.
And Prof. J. E. Kotila of the Botany
Department of the College will dis-

a
“ti-ii rd

newsman .or:,~Agrieu~ ' ~

on ,“Interstate. Tests for ' Betterin: ”
the Quality of. Certiﬁed Seed Pota-'
' Sec’y-Tre’as.‘ H. C. Moore will.

make a report‘ for the past year. Also 7

toes.”

a general business meeting and elec-
tion of oﬁicers will 'take place.
Classes and list premiums in the po-
tato .show are as follows: '

      
Rural) Exhibit of 32 potatoes: lst
prize $20; 2nd prize $15; 3rd prize
$10; next 3 best exhibits, each 35.

Any other variety, exhibit of 82
potatoes; lst prize $15; 2nd prize
$10; 3rd prize $5: next 5 best ex-
hibits, each $2.

Boys' and Girls’ Potato Club, In-
dividual exhibits of 32 potatoes each,
(any variety) lst prize $6; 2nd prize
$3; 3rd prize $2.

The Michigan Potato Growers’ Ex-
change will award a silver cup to the
individual winner of the State Club
Championship provided there at
least 20 exhibits entered. The State
Championship will be decided on the
Four Point Basis: Quality, Yield
per acre, Report and Proﬁt, being
considered according to percentage
given on report blanks for the vari-
ous projects. No exhibits will be
eligible to compete for championship

prizes unless the report and story _

have been sent to R. A. Turner,
State Club Leader, East Lansing,
Michigan.

Certiﬁed Seed Sale Exhibit: En-
tries in this class are not in competi-
tion for prizes. They are composed
of sample 100 pound bag seed stock.
Growers of certiﬁied seed are en-
couraged to exhibit samples of their
certiﬁed seed that are representative
of the stocks they have for sale.
The samples will be seen by several

Petoskey Golden Russet. (Russet.

 
‘ ‘Anyone’ ’ call.

wanted.

“ANYONE” CALLS—When you "do not
need to speak with a particular person but
will talk with anyone who answers the call,.
tell your operator you wish to make an
“Anyone”
made quickly and cost less.

“CERTAIN PERSON” Calls—These are
calls in which you tell the operator you wish
to speak to a particular person. “Certain
Person” calls cost more and take longer than
“Anyone” calls because more time and ex-
pense are required to locate the person

On a “Certain Person” ‘call, if you do not
talk with your party, through no fault of
the Telephone Company, a “Report” charge
applies, providing you are given information
4 concerning the person called.

How to use A
Long Distance
Economically

In your use of Long Distance, you can get better and cheaper
service if you know the way in which Long Distance messages
have been classified for ybur convenience. \ ‘

calls can be

orator.
message service.

calls.

MICHIGAN STATE TELEPHONE co.

EVENING CALLS—Between 8:30. and 12
o’clock in the evening, “Anyone” calls can
be made at a reduced rate—approximately
one-half the day cost.
calls cost the same day or night.

NIGHT CALLS—After midnight uud be-
fore 4:30 a. m., “Anyone” calls may be
made for about one-fourth the day rate.

APPOINTMENT CALLS and messenger
Service—You can arrange an appointment
to talk at a deﬁnite time by telling the op-
You can have a messenger bring

your party to the telephone by requesting

more than “Anyone” or “Certain Person”

“Certain Person”

Both of these calls cost

 
. 111333; '

each in weight._ The'potateesashoul’d r 7
be of the same variety and. in’ - ‘
type. Do not select" potatoes. that .
show scab, black scur‘i or: other. 4
diseases. The potatoes should be , ,.
clean, bright, ﬁrm and' free iron ‘ ‘V .
blemishes, growth cracks and any ', r ,
mechanical injuries. * v '   ‘1' I” 1

Clean the potatoes with a sott  f " 1
brush or woolen cloth. Do not wash ' ‘ f F
them. Wrap the potatoes separatst '  7 z
in paper and pack them tightly in a; . ‘
stout wooden box that is well lined
with paper. q . ’ .

‘ Shipping Suggestions

The grower should place on the ‘ 
inside of the box a card bearing 'his  *
name, address and the name of the '
variety. Ship the potatoes by pre- ‘-
paid express so that they will arrive ‘  «.—
at East Lansin on or before Jan; 25. ' ' " ‘
Ship the pota oes to the Michigan -: A
Agricultural College, Farm Crops  " ’ ‘
Department, East Lansing, Michigan , .
and mark the package, “Potatoes  , . '
for Exhibit.” ; , ’ "

Potatoes that are sent by a,Boys' ‘ ‘ '
and Girls’ Club member should be
marked “Club Exhibit." Certiﬁed -
seed potatoes for the 100 pound Seed “' '
Sales exhibit should be double '
sacked. ' . ' _ ..

Competition is open to any potato
growers in Michigan. No entry fee
will be charged exhibitors. If in-
terested write Mr. H. C. Moore, Sec’y-
Treas., East Lansing, Michigan.

 
SAGINAW COUNTY GRAIN SHOW
MEETING of the Saginaw
Grain Growers Association wast
held at the Court Heuse, Jan-

uary 2nd. Arrangements were com-

pleted for the First Annual Grain

Sher to beheld in Saginaw, Janu-

ary 18th, 19th, and 20th, 1923.

Secretary Douglas Bow announces
there will be complete classes for
corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, beans,
and other small grains, seeds and
potatoes. There will be about 60 -
premiums in each class. I

All grain growers in Saginaw and
adjoining counties are competing at
this show. There will be no entry
charges and admittance is free.
Judging will be by competent judges,
from M. A. .C.

Saginaw Valley, Grain Growerr
have recently won many honors at
the National Show just concluded at
Chicago. They won places on all
entries sent and brought home more

honors than any other county in
Michigan. ‘

 
FOR FARM LOAN INCREASE

ERBERT Quick, who was one of

the Federal Farm Loan Commis-

sioners at the time the Federal '
Farm Loan System was established,
has declared himse‘o‘. in favor of the
Strong-Norbeck bill which, would, in 
amend the Federal Farm Loan Act i" * x ,
making it possible to lend as high ‘
as $26,000 to an individual through
the Federal Farm Loan Banks in—
stead oi $10,000, the present limita— ‘
ticm, and would permit the appoint— ‘1 a.
ment of agents of the 12 'Farm Land . 
Banks to make loans without the u 
forming of local co-operative organi- ‘3
zations providing for a permanent 
board for the land banks and per- :‘w‘
mitting farmers to place mortgages ‘ 
on their land in order to pay oi! 
debts already contracted. ' 

Mr. Quick said: “The Joint Stock t 23,,
Land Banks enjoy the privilege of  3:35"
making larger loans and that the - 
same privileg‘B should be accorded _
to the co-operative loan associations "

which can make amortized loans ,
from one—half to one per cent cheaper ‘ S
than the Joint Stock Land Banks. ~*“_
By increasing the individual loan  '
limit from $10.00 to $25,000 the X
interest of the small borrower will i ‘9
not be jeopardized and the Federal

Land mortgages will continue to be

the excellent investment which they

.have been to date.

 
Nearly half the exports of corn I ’ 
from the United Statesin 1921—58,- , ..

582,806 bushels—went to Canada, _  * 7
according to the United States Don  N "“*
partment of Agriculture. Much of Le

this corn, however, was later shipped  ,
toHEurope, Canadian statistics shew- , C
ing (that. only 12,000,000 ‘ bushels _ 
were, imported. strum ~ the ~ 
States for co » V 

        
x

z  .‘x,"No. 11

on of any subject. per.-
.taining to the fanning business.

 
. ._._._.

 
' ‘ 'Be'inz absolutely independent B l l :  l q  f!  s
r on! columns are Oman for the ’

 
“The Only Farm Magazine Owned and Edited. in Michigan”

 
Published BhWeekly
Mt. ClemLens, ,Mich, . :-
$1 PER min

Entﬁﬂgﬁ 2‘E°°"1%'1°"“7
1‘. .
st-ofﬂco at Mt.
lch., undo! wt of
3rd, 1879. '

mat-
at the
Clemens,
March

 
e’ll Meet You Farmers’ Weekat East Lansing

This is the year you ought to take Mother and Enjoy a Proﬁtable Week at the Biggest
Round-up of F armers. Ever Staged in Michigan

NDICATIONS are that this year
will see the largest attendance
in the 'history of Farmers’ Week.

More than 5000 registered in 19,22,
and this record will be broken, it is
expected by‘a considerable margin.

Thirty different state agricultural
associations and groups will hold
their annual meetings at M. A. C.,
during Farmers’ Week. This num-
ber is nearly twice as large as that
for any previous year. The Michi-
gan Livestock Breeders and Feeders
Association, with its dozen or more
,association groups, will meet during
Farmers’ Week for the ﬁrst time.
In other years,-the livestock men
have held a separate meeting. earlier
- in the winter. Their addition to the
Farmers’ Week groups has brought
the number up so high this year.
Attendance at these association
meetings alone will guarantee a big
crowd for Farmers’ Week, in addi—
tion to those who do not belong'to
any of the different groups.

Speakers listed for Farmers’ Week
this year include many national ﬁg—
ures and the program will be one of
the strongest ever given during
Farmers’ Week.

David Friday, new president of the
Michigan Agricultural College, will
be appearing before his ﬁrst Farm:
ers’ Week crowds, and is scheduled
Tror two stirring addresses, which
will be full of “meat” for agricul-
Aural people of the state. Friday
.was~unable to attend last year’s
Farmers’ Week because of important
investigational work at Washington,
and his addresses this year are
looked forward to with double
interest.

Other headliner among the speak-
evs will be Congressman Sydney
Anderson, of Minnesota, brilliant
agricultural, leader at Washington;
- Signora Agresti," of Rome, Italy; Eu—
genie Davenport, former dean of ag—
riculture at Illinois University, and
famous writer; Donald Conn, trans—
portation expert of Washington; Dr.
G. F. Warren, famous farm manage-
ment specialist at Cornell Univers—
ity; and Charles E. Snyder, editor
’of, the Chicago ‘Drovers Journal.

Many other prominent ﬁgures in
state and national agricultural life
will appear upon the individual pro-
grams of the different association
meetings. ,

Exhibits at this year’s Farmers’
Week are to be new and interesting.
Most of the material will center
around livestock production, in hon-
or of the attendance of the various
livestock associations at Farmer’s
Week.

One of the interesting displays will
be the educational farm crops ex-
hibit Which won high praise for
Michigan at the recent International
Grain and Hay Show. Entries in the
annual 'Michigan Crop Improvement
Association show will also be on dis-
play. This show will bring together

the ﬂnest grain samples of its class ‘

in America, and will include many
of the entries with which farmers

of Michigan cleaned up at the Inter:

national.

The Horticultural Show, an annual
feature of Farmers"We_ek prepared
by students of the college, will be
housed as usual in the College Arm-
o'ry., Extensive displays of fruit and
ﬂowers will transform this building
into a/veritable. tairyland.

- ::.:-Special exhibits on home ,econ-,
 mics; farm- mechanics, soils, dairy,

esteemandall ither phases of ag-

5rural; life will be .on_

are moths.-

 
co veries.

dress the conference.

nation.

knowledge of facts.

 
A PERSONAL INVITATION TO READERS OF THE BUSINESS
FARMER FROM PRESIDENT FRIDAY!

0 the Editor of Michigan Business Farmem—Will you kindly ex-
tend to the readers of your journal an invitation from the State
Board of Agriculture and myself to be present at the Michigan

Farmers’ Week which will be held at the Agricultural College at East
Lansing, January 29th to February 2nd. ‘

During this week we hope to have at the College the leaders of
every‘phase of the agricultural industry in the state.
grams have been arranged at which the problems of the various
phases of agriculture will be discussed by people technecially comp-
etent to bring to their audiences the latest developments and dis-

In addition to these meetings there will be general meetings every
afternoon and evening at which men of national reputation will ad-
The subjects of taxation, transportation, the
future of prices, and general agricultural policy will be especially
featured at these afternoon and evening meetings. ,

I consider such a gathering of the people engaged in agriculture
especially important at this juncture in the affairs of our state and
There are an unusual number of problems confronting our
industry which call for sound leadership based upon a competent
This meeting will do much to discover and dc-
velop just such leadership—David Friday, President.

Special pro-

 
state, and to the farmer’s wife es-
pecially. A large attendance this
year, as in previous years, is being
looked- forward to.

Dean Louise H. Campbell, State
Leader of Home Economics Exten-
sion Work, who has this year been
made head of the Home Economics
Division of the College, with her staff
of Extension and Resident Instruct—
ors, have been working on the pro-
gram for several weeks and they in-
sure to every woman who attends, a
week of proﬁt and pleasure.

Dr. Marie Dye, Research Special—
ist in Nutrition, who has come to the
College from the University of Chi-
cago, has been feeding a group of
rats with special diets for experi—
mental hests. Dr. Dye appears on
the program for Farmers’ Week and
will illustrate her talk on “Experi—
mental Work in Nutrition” with her
rat colony. The Nutritional Re-
search Department is in a position
to render valuable assistance to the
home makers of this state, under Dr.
Dye's able leadership.

 
day morning, .February 2.

these meetings.)

Building.

Poland China Breeders Ass’n
County Agricultural Agents

Breeders and Feeders Ass’n
Hereford Breeders Ass’n
Jersey Cattle Club

Ayrshire Breeders Ass’n
Aberdeen—Angus Breeders Ass’n

Crop Improvement Ass’n

Sheep Breeders-Feeders Ass’n
Oxford Sheep Breeders Ass’n
.Red Pooled Breeders Ass’n
Guernsey Cattle Breeders Ass’n
Holstein-Friesian Ass’n

Swine Breeders Ass’n

Chester White Breeders Ass’n

State Farm Bureau

Crop lmprovément Ass’n
Shorthoru Breeders Ass’n
Potato Producersv Ass'n

State Farm Bureau
Potato Producers Ass’n
Poultry Ass'n '
Rural Press Ass'n

 
PROGRAM OF THE WEEK-

EN ERAL sessions—Afternoons and evenings on Monday, Tuesday,

Wednesday, and Thursday, January 29—February l, and on Fri-
(These meetings will all be held in

the college gymnasium. Motion pictures and other entertainment fear
tures will be mixed in with the main Farmers’ Week addresses at

Housewives Congress—Tuesday, W'ednesday, Thursday, Friday,
January 30—February 2. All meetings to be held in College Womans

Monday, January 29

Tuesday, January 30

Wednesday, January 31

Thursday, February 1
— ‘ ' Friday, February 2"

Saturday, February 3

Home Demonstration Agents
Boys and Girls Club Leaders

Duroc—Jersey Breeders Ass’n
Muck Farmers Ass’n
Beekeepers Ass’n .

Boys and Girls Club Leaders
Hampshire Swine Breeders Ass’n

Horse Breeders Ass’n

Beef Breeders Ass'n

Soils Ass’n ~

Muck Farmers Ass’n
Beekeepers Ass’n

Poultry Ass’n

County Y. M. C. A. Secretaries

Soils Ass’n

Poultry Ass’n

County Y. M. C. A. Secretaries
High School Boys

County Y. M. C. A. Secretaries
High School Boys ‘
County Red Cross Chairman '

 
an am: Press Association

4,

Miss Mariel Hopkins, Nutritional
Specialist with the Extension De-
partment, will discuss the “Exten—
sion Program of Nutrition.” Miss
Hopkins is well known throughout
the state for her splendid work in
behalf of better health through cor-
rect feeding.

Michigan Agricultural College has
always given to~her women students
unusually ﬁne social supervision,
through their home life in dormitor—
ies, supervised by competent and
able House Mothers. Mrs. Maude
C. Thompson, Social Director at M.
A. C., is in charge of this work and
will speak on “The Home Life of
Girls at M. A. C.” The Shephert-
Towner Maternity Bill, recently
passed by Congress, is vitally import-
ant to every woman at this time. No
person in Michigan is better pre—
pared to discuss this subject than
Dr. Blanche Haines, of the State
Department of Health, who is in di—
rect charge of the administration
of this Act in this state.

Miss Ethel G. Webb, who has been
connected for several years with the
Clothing Economics Departments of
the University of Chicago and Car-
negie Institute of Technology, has
recently joined the college faculty.
Her long experience with the work of
clothing selection and construction
makes her especially suited to dis-
cuss “Some Stumbling Blocks in
Clothing Construction,” for the W0—
men in attendance at Farmers'

Miss Eunice Ryan, who has re-"
cently joined the Extension Faculty
as Clothing Specialist. is bringing to
the women of Michigan the beneﬁt of
years of special training in clothing
work. She has a real contribution
to make to every farm woman and
farm home in her talk on “Hygienic
Requirements of Clothing.”

In addition to the speakers, sev-
eral prominent persons from outside
will have leadng places on the
week’s program for women.

Mrs. W. R. Alvord, Ex—president
of the State Federation of Women’s
Clubs, appears on the program at
one of the joint evening meetings.
Mrs. Alvord is a speaker of poise and
forcefulness and always has a mes-
sage of vital interest for everyone.

Miss Grace E. Frysinger, Field
Agent in Extension Methods, States
Relation Service, Washington, D. C.,
will speak on the subject “The Farm
Home as the Fountain Head of Soc-
ial and Economic Organization of r
the Nation.”

Miss Bess Rowe, Field Editor of
the Farmers’ Wife, is to talk on the
results of the contest recently con-
ducted by her paper on “Do You V
want your Daughter to marry a‘
Farmer?” This contest attracted
nation wide attention and the con-
clusions drawn by Miss Rowe are
sure to be of interest.

Between the regular meetings, '
many special features will be offered.
Exhibits of work done by the home
economic students, in all of their
courses, will be on display during
the entire week. Through
the regular worg of the College can
be observed and judged.

A rest room, or silent room, will
be provided in the basement of the
Woman’s Building, where women
may lie down‘and rest at any time, r
There Will also be a nursery where
children maybe left in charge of.
competent students trained in the.
health and care of children, so that
mothers may be free to give their
whole attention to the meetings. ,

The teaching staff and students
want every woman in the state tof' ,
that M. A. 'C., is her Cells; 4 "
their whole t me ' nd £611:  ll!
spen , g ..

 
these , g '


James Oliver Curwood

Born near Owosso, Michi—
gan and a resident of this
state who has won inter—
national fame as the author
of books on the great (Yan—
adian Northwest. Author
of “Nomads of the North."
our recent serial and “The
Hunted “’oman,” the won—
derful story now appearing
in every issue of the Busi-
ness Farmer.

 
ORE than once I have been
asked to give the fundamental
, reason for my ﬁght to preserve
whlat remaining wild life and forests
we, still have in my native state of
MiChigan—a bitter ﬁght waged
against those same elements of po—
litical machinery, incompetence and
lack of practical intelligence which
have played such deadly parts in
the slaughter of natural resources
throughout our country, and always
my mind has swept back over the
tragedy of the last ﬁfteen years to
ﬂ ‘d its answer. While ‘my own
8“ ts, where I was born and where
I have lived for almost forty years,
is in my opinion the darkest blot on
the map of the American continent
when it comes .to the matter of forest
destruction; and while I am conﬁ—
dent it will take a quarter of a cent—
ury of intelligence and technical
ability to give back to us the wild
life which lack of conservation has
lost to us in a pitiable fraction of
that time; and while, moreover, I
shall continue to wage war until big
and broad—minded men. specially
tted to direct the conservation
achinery of a mighty state replace
A-th present system of political ap—
poi ments, I am convinced that
every true conservationist should
put hi shoulder to the"‘national
wheel," and pull for the country
at large as well as for his local en-
vironment if the ultimate and great-
er triumph is to be achived.
We Americans are, and have been,
a breed of destroyers and of monu-
mental egoists; in the blindness of
self—conceit we have reaped but we
have not sown; on the treacherous
sands of human “almightiness” we
have set ourselves up on pedestals,
and we are only now beginning to
see our sins and our weaknesses.
My own life has been typical of mill-
ions whose boyhood began a genera-
tion ago. From the beginning, as
a boy, I did not need argument or ed-
ucation to tell me that I was the
greatest of all created things—that
my particular brand of life, of all
life on earth, was the only life that
God intended to be inviolate. . That
fact was pounded home to me in the
public schools; it was preached to
me in the churches. I was part, and
parcel of the great “I Am_.’ :gFor
~me, all universe had been built. For
me, the Great Hereafter was solely
created. " All other life was mere 1n-
’ cidental,:-and made especially for
beheﬂt. 5,It was mine todo with as
:11 ipieased; In .a’ mild-sort ofvvay,
th' school and the church told me
‘ ‘ have, a} little charity, and not to

 
' the same timewboth religion and
’ bol. instilled into me that I was
' in place to God, and that all
" from the life of trees and
- that Of beasts and birds,
' on earth foamy‘specia‘l- ben-
‘  5 no. other life had, a,
. he human-.ng

  
urt the poor little birdies.” ' But'

.Curw ml is

  
 " new is"  is;

Fifteen Years of Wood

   
. i:  a;

  
James Oliver Curwood, Native Son and Internationally Known for His
Stories of_ Forest Life, Appeals for the Conservation of what

While we are slowly but surely
awakening to the deadly error» of
these teachings of- our youth, and
While the necessity for a proper
conservation of the resources which
God gave to us in the beginning is
becoming a living thought through-
out our com'monWe-alth, in ‘our
homes, our churches and our
schools, one still cannot feel himself
a ﬁghter in the ranks until he or
she realizes the aweful devastation
of the past few years. Our youth
did not pass through the grimmest
of that tragedy, and millions of
boys and girls now in our public
schools, our conservationists of to-
morrow, must depend upon us for
those visions of the past by which
they will be guided to the possibili-
tigs of the future.

Fifteen Years Ago

For those who have not seen the
Great Change with their own eyes,
and who have not been in a posi-
tion to witness the tragedy of des—
truction—mot only in a local envir—
onment but in a scope covering two-
thirds of a continent, my own exper-
ience of ﬁfteen years in the open
spaces may be of interest, if not of
actual value, in showing how swiftly
the destruction of our wild life has
swept upon us, and how quickly we
must now act to save it from utter
annihilation.

With the beginning of those ﬁf—
teen years, almost the entire north-
ern half of our continent was one
vast breeding ground of wild life
and this in spite of the fact that
for nearly two hundred years the
Hudson's Bay Company had steadily
used large areas of it as their hunt—
ing and trapping grounds. Fifteen
years ago the buffalo were gone, it
is true, with the exception] of a few
survivors in the Athabasca country.
In those days I was employed by
the Canadian Government as a sort
of “last frontier” investigator and
explorer, and 'I had unexcelled op-
portunities for coming in contact
-with the wild life between Montreal
and the Paciﬁc. On every railroad
then running in western Canada the
daily recreation of passengers was
counting coyotes and antelopes. The
buffalo trails and wallows were then,
and even later, plainly visible from
the car windows, and over vast areas
the prairies were criss-crossed with
them. But in the face of this trag—
edy of the recent passing of the buf-
falo people marveled at what seem—
ed to be the inexhaustible supply of
Wild life still left. From the car
windows Wildfowl could be seen not

Little Remains in Michigan

(Contributed especially for

only in thousands, but in countless
millions. Every bog—hole and lake
was black with them. One early
autumn, when I rode several hund—
red miles horseback from Medicine
Hat to the Caribou Mountains to run
down a rumor of buﬂalo living there,
I was'not for an hour at a. time where
I could not hear the thunder of the
wings of rising ,wildfowl. For years
I looked upon the tragedy of settlers
slaughtering ducks and geese lit—
erally by the wagon load. At Dun—
dern, Saskatchewan, I was the guest
of a. wealthy rancher when a hunt
was planned.
in the party that visited a lake sev—
eral miles out in the prairies. Shoot-
ing began at dawn. Marksmanship
was not necessary, and by the time
the evening shoot was over the kill
was over six hundred ducks and
ﬁlled 3. Wagon. In those days game
was slaughtered in this way, cleaned
and placed in ice houses for winter
use.

Occasionally, in the years that fol-
lowed, I went over these same tramp-
ing grounds. Year by year I watch-
‘ed the going of the Wildfowl and the
prairie chicken. During a “ﬂight”
season of wild geese I have counted
as many as thirty straw-stacks on
a single night, around which the
slaughterers were gathered to kill
the geese that circled low in the il-
luminations.

Result Appalling

The result was appalling. Today,
at the end of those few years, if
you ride from Winnipeg to the
mountains on either the Grand
Trunk Paciﬁc or the «Canadian Pacif-
ic the probability is that you will
not see even a coyote. 'Surely you
will not see an antelope. The ponds
and lakes once black with Wildfowl
will occasionally hold a family of
ducks, or a small ﬂock. There are
no, wild geese; even prairie chickens
create an unusual interest when they
are seen. The greatest breeding
grounds that North America has ever
known outside of the Arctic tundras,
are gone. In those days of a wild
life paradise I saw a letter to the
factor at Fort Churchill, on Hudson’s
Bay, from the factor at York Fact—
ory, lower down on the Bay, in which
the latter asked if he 'might pur-
chase or trade for a supply of wild
geese, as his own luck had, been
poor that year. In reply, the factor
at Churchill sent back' word that he
could not spare any geese, as his
hunters had also had exceedingly
bad luck that autumn, and had
only succeeded in killing eight

 
s
_ ' a trans

J ' l! 2 i1 and it 1313 com with his‘Indian madam (10'si team, on the};
biggehtodzgutgsmo Lake. north'pof the arctic circle" in northern Can 3. ~ Mn.
man, and, belive in

 
th ' Mortal 10! his wonderful
om"  m ‘dei in North

'There were six of us -

The Business Farmer.)

thousand geese, which was, not as
many as he could use in his district
during the coming winter. 

And yet, in spite of that,‘it has
not been the Hudson’s Bay Com-
pany’s trappers and hunters or‘the
Indians who have destroyed the wild
life of Canada, from which the
United States have very largely
drawn their supply. The settler and
the hunter, together with political
stupidity and selﬁsh ambition, have
been almost entirely responsible in
ourown country. Not only have they
“bogged” the wild life of lake and
stream and forest, but‘ so long as
their own immediate wants have
been ﬁlled they have not cared but
little of the future. They have ‘not
made intelligent laws, and when
such laws have occasionally been
made they have not used the pewer’
of their vote to demand an enforce—
ment of them. In almost every in-
stance true conservation, where it
has won out at all, has had to ride
over rotten politics.

Within these same ﬁfteen years
I went ahead of the “line of rail" of
the Grand Trunk Paciﬁc, through
Yellowhead Pass and the (British
Columbia mountains. This was be-
fore a mile of steel had been laid
beyond the prairie foothills, and I
found a game paradise which some
might consider an exaggeration if
I could describe it as it actually ex-
isted. Bear, deer, sheep, goat and
caribou literally swarmed in these
regions. At one‘fltim‘e iI counted
eleven bears on» one mOunta-in slide,
all visible at the same time, and I
have seen ‘bands of sheep which
numbered as high as a hundred.
Several times. since .those days I
have gone through these same re-
gions. The so-called “sportsman”
with his automatic and his pump-
gun, has wrought frightful havoc.
Today one must outﬁt a pack—train
and go deep into the. mountains for
days and weeks at a time .to‘ﬁnd a
Single grizzly or sheep, and he is a
fortunate hunter if he brings home
either. During one season which
I spent in, the. Firepan Mountains
gathering material for my “Grizzly
King" I saw twenty—seven grizzlies,
innumerable blacks {and hosts of
other game. On my last trip I spent
Six weeks and saw three bears.

Destruction Farther North‘

Still farther north one sees the
result of modern day destruction.
Less than ﬁfteen years ago I was
in the Artillery Lakes country at
the time of the annual migration of
caribou. All one day what was sup—
posed to be the main herd crossed a
stream, and three different individ—
uals made their estimate of its num-
bers, added the estimates, then di—
vided the total by three, which ap-
proximately ﬁgured the herd at
thirty thousand head. 'TWO days
later an. Indian brought information
that this was not the main herd, but
a. branch of it, and that the main
herd was still farther north!

Today, even 'to the Arctic coast,
a caribou herd Of a thousand head,
even in migration, is unusual. All
through the northland they have
split into smaller. bands. Riﬂes have
come in with the awhite man. ,The
slaughter of the Wildfowl life of
North America on the prairies of
Western Canada and our own west—
ern states has also sounded the doom
of the hoofed beasts. , We must re—
member that the geese and ducks
on Lake Superior today were on the
Arctic t’undras a, few weeks .ago,

and will help the tropics a few

weeks hence. r A slaughter in Flori-
da may bring hunger and starvation
to the Indian three thousand miles
north. There was a time when the

Arctic tundras were what thevIndians ,

conceive their Happy Hunting
Grounds to be. ' They were “ the
Canadian prairies; multiplied ten‘
times: it seemed, as though the,,,wild

" ‘life-of the earth gathered there to -;
13: Saskaf.;;~

  
breed. ,, But the mantra
. 1 . 

teen” W1

   
 ife * ragedy  5* r

 
_.._;;iv4s2 .

 
.g;

 
No necessity for attending congressional debates—Reps A sight that thrills thousands—To the many

A unique clock—Invented why Johann Vern-

 
. J " ) resentative Vincent M. Brennan, (Republican) of Michigan, foreigners coming to American shores, the Statue del of Atzgersdorf, near Viennin. Austria.
demonstrates that in the future it will not be necessary of Liberty is a symbol of freedom and cnlighten- which tells the time in every part of the
~ for a con regs] a t HP ] eggio i I, t H  ‘ to ment. It. is a thrilling and heartening sight. this globe at once. This clock and its globe-like

I b ’ g n n ‘0 a ‘1" if  "ls Sm”? 0 S e" . statue on Bedloe's Island. in the New York Bay. attachment shows even more, than the time of
(e ates. IHe has had a radio Installed "1 the "9‘15" the gift to this country from French school chil— day. »It indicates the exact time of sunrise,
Ofﬁce BUlldlng. “'aShlngt9n. D; (7-: lld through the inSirll- dren. This unusual picture was taken from an when it is noon, the time of sunset. the year,

. I mth ‘he hears all that is gomg 1. airplane encircling New ‘l'ork. month and day, at, all points of the earth.
’ f
‘ l
i ‘4 
l
l, i i Q
i l
I «

‘Vhere coal is more precious than gold—Some of the German Provincial Putting the prohibit in prohibition.———Fifteen Governors met with President
towns are hard up for coal, and that commodity is becoming the rate of Harding at the “'hite House while the chief executive expressd his ideas on
exchange, instead of German paper marks which have lost their value. prohibition. Left to right;—(iov. Ritchie. Maryland; McKelvie, Nebraska; Ruby,

’ 4 Here are a group of kiddies in front of a movie theatre ready to pay their Alabama; Secretary of Treasury Mellon; Gov. Trinkle, Virginia; President
l, admission fee in “black diamonds.”

I suppose'we would be considered multi—

millionaires if we lived in Germany because we have a couple of tons of coal.

 
An interesting page in Father Time’s diary.—
Billie Dove, of movie fame, declared that 1922
was the happiest year of her life. A contract,
a fine home and important roles in two notable
productions, this is whateethis fair young lady
had to be thankful for in 1922; She has been
80in! through Father Time‘s diary and says

Youthful musician :plays way to fame.—Max Goberman.
.agod 11, of Camden, N. J., created quite a. furore in
eastern musical circles. recently when he won the scholar-
ship to the Philadelphia Musical Academy, the only
"one to be granted. ‘This young prodigy, is the son of a
motorman, and is in his ‘junior yea in-~ high, school.

        
t

    
1M3! this} W99, Sam"?! ham)" dur‘nt t . Past year and" thate'whi-lo she is leased with past years she
~ puﬂcal'iﬁthdwosgpudm a treat intuit-e, .1011, Moi-.2“ ‘ .ls an. to make i923 the best of all. _

   
Harding; Vice President Coolidge; Gov. Davis, ldaho; Cox, lilassachusetts; Allen,
Kansas; McCray, lndiana and Campbell, Arizona.

Still savings a wickedvaxe at .103—“Uncle Joe”.
is still on the Job as wood

At the age of 100 he

gave up‘

 
~Daubeney, as he is known to all Taylor’s Falls, 1‘
Minn., is -that state’s oldest citizen and entering
his 104th year he
chopper. “Uncle” reads without glasses and often
drives 50 miles in his ﬂivver to Stillwater to see
the latest movie.
smoking, but still chews tobacco;

'(Copyn'xht Keystone .Vie'w. 

 
,9:

ﬂ

      
ICHIGAN has just reason to be

proud of her highway system.
One can now drive from one
end or the state to the other ,over
roads such as our fathers never
dreamed of. It is now almost p08si-.
ble to go from Detroit, Grand Rapids,
Flint, Saginaw, Lansing‘or any of
the principal cities of the state to
any other city, village or hamlet
over highways which may be traveled
with perfect safety and comfort at
any season of the year. But it is
costing a large sum of money to
carry out this program and it is well
for us to consider whether or not
that cost is being properly apportion-
ed to those who are most directly
beneﬁting from it. At first the en-
tire cost of constructing a highway
was paid by the township in which
it was built; then to encourage faster
progress in road construction, laws
were passed by which a certain
amount of ﬁnancial aid was given
from State funds, provided the road
was built according to certain speci-
ﬁcations, but by far the greater por-
tion of the cost was still borne by
the taxpayers of the township in
which the road was built; then the
“County Road System” was adopted,
by‘ﬁ'vhich certain roads were con-
structed by the 'county and the cost
charged to the taxpayer of the en-
tire county, including w,
state aid being given on these roads
also the same as on those entirely
constructed by the townships; then
the State Highway Department was
organized and the amount of State
aid was materially increased on all
roads designated as part of the state
trunk line system. These funds for
payment of State aid have come out
only from licensing motor vehicles
but also largely from appropriations
by the legislature, met by general
taxation. Within the past few years
in order to make more rapid progress
so that we who are alive today could
receive good roads beneﬁts, funds
for giving State aid have been pro-
vided by the issue of bonds to the
extent of $50,000,000 if necessary,
the voters of the State having so
voted by an overwhelming majority,
the proceeds to be expended under
the direction of the State Highway
Department. These bonds have not
as yet all been issued, but the inter-
est on those already outstanding
even now constitutes a substantial
item in the State tax budget, and pro-
visions must also be made in future
budgets for a sinking fund with
which to retire the bonds when due.
Thus far the principal part of the
cost of our highways has been borne
by the general taxpayers of the State
in the manner here described. The
great increase in the amount de-
manded each year for highway pur-
poses, together with the constantly
increasing cost of practically every
activity supported by the taxpayers
of Michigan, and especially school
and municipal expenses, constitute
a burden on the property owner so
large that it is now a. serious ques-
tion with thousands of taxpayers how
the load can be borne.

There is no question but that the
remarkable improvement in our
highways is due almost entirely to
and in fact demanded by the ad-
vent of the automobile. Until we
began traveling in the fast moving
motor car, comparatively few people
other than residents of the agricult—
ural districts made any extended use
of the country roads. The farmers
were able to haul their produce to
market fairly well on eXisting high-
ways and very little effort was made
to secure better roads. Today our
improved highways are crowded
with motor vehicles carrying people
through the country, giving them
both pleasure and proﬁt, and thous-

ands of people are now becoming\

acquainted with distant parts of the
state, and with other states as well,
who until they began traveling in
automobiles rarely, if ever, went
outside the corporate limits of the
cities in which they reside, except
on a railroad train. It is true that
almost every farm is considered in-
creased in value when a good read
- connects it with the market-place,
' and the property in the city or vil-
lage is likewise increased in worth.
‘3 as improved highways make it easier
- . for the farmer to transport his pro-

» \

duct to market, yet can it be said
.that the beneﬁt is as much more to
the property owner, either in city or
country, as is indicated in the pro-
portionate cost of the highways he
is at present called upon to bear?
The injustice would not exist to the
same extent if every owner of an
automobile was the owner also of
other taxable property for then all
would be contributing in fairer pro-
portion. The condition ﬁwould be
much better even if .the automobile
was taxable in the same manner as
real 'estate and tangible personal
property, or if the license fee now
required equalled the amount of tax
an automobile owner would be re-
quired to pay were his car subject
to a general property tax; but there
are thousands of owners of motor
vehicles in the State of Michigan who
are not owners of property taxable
under the general tax law and whose
contribution toward supporting the
highways is limited to the amount
paid for their automobile licenses,
and they contribute nothing what-

ever, as they should, to the other

activities of government that are
supported by a general property tax.
It seems to me that those who travel

  
i tributor.

be. paid by the person, ﬁrm or car-
poration to whom gasolineis ship-

    
the tax should be collected on bulk
lots only from the Wholesaler'or dis-
This would necessitate but
a very small force and could be made
a part- of the duty of. some depart-
ment already in existence. Settle-
ments would have to be made with
comparatively few dealers and the
cost of collection should be lower
than for almost any other tax now
being collected. The wholesaler
would simply add the amount of the
tax to the price charged the retailer
and the consumer would pay the
slight added charge when purchasing
at the ﬁilling station. With the un-
questioned cooperation of the rail-
road companies a very close check
could be made on the gasoline ship-
ped into the State. and evasion of the
law be effectively prevented.

The only possible,excuse for the
levy of new taxes is, that the over
burdened property taxible under our
present general property tax law may
be relieved“ The farm, the home,
and even the factory are to-day ac-
tually taxed up to and in some cases
beyond their ability to pay, and re-

 
BOARD OF TAX COMMSSIONERS FAVOR TAX

“ HIS Board is on record as favoring a. gasoline tax, believing that
T the general property of the State is, under our present system,
required to pay more than its fair proportion of the cost of our
highways.”—B. F. Burtless, Secretary, Michigan Board of State Tax

Commissioners.

 
—_

by truck or car are deriving the
greatest, mostdirect, and immediate
beneﬁt from the highways and that
therefore they should bear a greater
and more reasonable portion of the
cost. I can see no fairer method of
accomplishing this than to levy a tax
on every gallon'of gasoline sold with-
in the State. The tax would natur-
ally be added to the price of gaso-
line, but would be paid in such small
amounts that one would hardly real-
ize that it was being paid; no more
attention would be paid to the matter
than is now given when the price of
gasoline is raised or lowered. No
one purchases any less gasoline for
uSe in a motor vehicle when the
price advances a cent or two cents
per gallon; now would the .tax have
the least effect upon the motor car
industry. The sale of cars docs not
depend upon the. price of fuel, but
upon the condition of the times.
When one considers the purchase of
a car he gives no thought whatever

as to whether gasoline will cost him'

twenty cents per gallon or twenty-
ﬁve cents. Thisis proven by the fact
that gasoline costs more than double
today what it did when the auto-
mobile industry was started, yet the
industry has grown faster than any
other in the history of the world. It
is to be presumed that the beneﬁt
and pleasure derived from . good
roads is in proportion to the use
made of such roads and to the grade
of the vehicle used in traveling the
roads; a tax on gasoline therefore
Would be a levy almost in direct pro-
portion to the beneﬁt and pleasure
received, for the greater the distance
traveled or the larger and more pow-
erful and comfortable the car driven
the greater would be the consump-
tion of gasoline. Likewise in the
case of the truck and the bus, the
consumption of gasoline being
greater than that of the ordinary car,
the centribution would be propor-
tionately greater, as it should be.
Then, too, the tourists from other
states and countries, and no one de-
rives more pleasure from our good
roads than they, would also contrib-

ute toward’ the cost of our highways,

in proportion to the use they make
of them and while the individual
payment would not be large enough

to be burdensome, the aggregate re-,

ceived would-be large enough to be
of very material assistance to Michi-
gan taxpayers. ~

That the enactment of a law tax-
‘ ing gasoline would require the es-.

tablishment of a large department

and the employment of “practical:

proteges” is ridiculous and positively
not true. The law should and un-
doubtedly. will provide .that  tax

 
lief must come from some source and
that right soon. It is estimated that
the whole tax burden is borne by
less than one-half the actual wealth
of the State and a tax of this char-
acter is one of the means students
of the subject of taxation believe will
help to remedy conditions with the
least hardship to others. To make
sure that the right result will be
obtained care must be exercised in
drafting the law to the end that~ the
proceeds will be so disposed of that
the owners of taxable property will
actually beneﬁt. The proceeds must
be devoted entirely to .-the payment
of charges which must otherwise
come from the general property tax.
If any attempt is made to divide the
receipts and distribute them to the
localities in which they are collected
there is great danger that the money
received will be considered as just
so much more money available for
spending and no relief would be ob—
tained. A tax of more than two
million dollars must be levied by the
State each year for interest alone
whenﬁthe highway bonds authorized
by the voters of the State have all
been issued,_and a sinking fund must
also be provided with which to re-
tire the bonds as they become due.
At present there is no source from
which these funds can be obtained
except the general property tax. It
is estimated that a tax of one cent

per gallon on gasoline would yield '

approximately three million dollars;
how could the proceeds of such a tax
be more effectively expended than
for the payment of interest on the
highway bonds and for the creation
of the required sinking fund? Un-
der the present system every prop-
erty owner in the State will have to

pay his share of these obligations,

that share being based upon the
value of the taxable property he
owns; then, if these funds can be
provided through a gasoline tax,
every owner of taxable property in
the State will be directly beneﬁtted
and the funds will actually be raised
from those' who are deriving the
most good, either in pleasure or
proﬁt, from the highways of the
State. "

It is objected to a gasoline tax
that a large part of the automobile
mileage is on city streets and that

the cities to receive no outside help

toward construction or maintenance
of these streets. This objection

would be 'well founded if _the pro-.
ceeds were to be based Only for the

maintenance of the country thigh-i
Ways, but if applied on State high-

way bonds, as here, re‘commended,.
the receipts will then be used 430.”!
«charges toward which city property}

ped within the State; in other words, ”

 
 m {éf’éﬁit‘iiaiu} befi'called-‘(iupon

in exactly the same ‘proportiOn/i

within the district.~ '

It is suggested. by some that 

highway budgetshould be met by a;
mill tax on all property in the State.
vThis would provide no relief runes-1f

ever, asthe entire amount would.be

collected from property. which fancy 
bearing practically the entire burden. »
" and which already is paying much

more than- its fair share of the cos}:
of the gavernment.

another purpose and so. on ad infin-

ituum, the burden becomes heavier h

than the taxpayer can bear; and it

is for the one and only one reason ,

that that. point has already been

reached that we are now seeking _ :. 

new sources from which to obtain
help. A

A proposal has been made that two ‘

propositions for maintaining a high-

way budget be submitted to the vot— —

ers of the State; One—the gasoline
tax; the otheri—a one-mill tax on all
taxable property of the. State.‘ This.
would be a perfectly fair proposal
if every voter was a property owner.
but it is hardly to be expected that,
thousands of automobile owners
who are not owners of other taxable
property would vote in favor of a tax
upon themselves if there was [a pos-
sibility of requiring someone else
to stand the burden. This, then, is
a question not to be so decided. The
decision must be made by the Legis-
lature, a body chosen by all citizens,
and the rights and interest of all the-
people must be impartially consid-
ered to the end that the highway
burden may be borne in the most
equitable manner possible.-——-B. F.

Burtless, Sec’y, Michigan Board of

Tax Commission.
Not for Either Plan

I am neither an advocate of a tax
upon gasoline or a mill tax upon
property, for road maintenance, but
I do not know that unless something
is done‘ soon you will ﬁnd a greater ,
problem ahead of you. I

At present there are 50 per cent
of the farms for sale and no chance
to sell. Mr. Earle said that those
who did not want to pay a mill tax
to sell or give 'away. Now if Mr.
Earle will please explain himself,
some of we farmers will be very
grateful, we are unable to do either,
and With the tax rate where it is,
about 75 per cent cannot keep this
up very long. Locally the tax rate
is 5.3 per cent plus special on roads,
making some taxes $5.00 per acre.
This is as much as you have to pay
to rent the best of land.

If Mr. Earle is in the market for
good land at give away prices, send
him up here and I can show him lots
of it, even in Midland county.

I do not believe Mr. Earle can
show us that he has made his money
at farming and he talks just like
most all men do that have money in
the bank and can check it outfor
taxes. But how about the man who
has some interest to pay also, or
even the man just out of debt, he
cannot borrow the money, here at
least, even if his credit iS‘good.

I noticed also that the Highway
Department plans to ﬁnish spending
that $50,000,000. in the next two
years. Why do we need six or seven
trunk lines to the northern part of
the state, through state land where
no taxes are paid, shifting the ex—.
pense back to the settled sections?
,Also why do we need a cement road
through towns that have gravel
roads already built? Some of these
are only a year old and none of them
worn out when they come in and tear
up‘for pavement. -.

We have a very sensible highway
department and there ‘is no wonder

that Mr. Ear-leis a pioneer good . “'

roads man, as he is president of a
Road Builders Supply Company.

Mr. Earle also states that one

sharp shod horse does more damage
than a thousand autos. Hemayhs
right, but I fail to “see any. horseg
sharp shod or shod atalL t

icy roads.

 
"here travel at: p '

asst-i

other property, :1. e.- ‘in proportion to:
the actual value of taxableproperty.-

A» One-mill taxi, -

sounds like a very small amount and, 

so it is of itself, but wiith a one—mill

tax for this purpose, another, tax for ~

mum»...

Q.  d  has mu id B den-Ea

   
.

net of their way to avoid them, being
hard on? unshod animals. ' _
-.__.7All of‘the money that mostxof us
418953756? a livirg goes to taxes and
bbut’30 per cent last year did not
hasn‘that much ahead. We pay the
,H ‘ck'man the samerate as we do the
railroads for freight, so who wins in
his case?‘ T
,~'As;farf as. the city worker is con-
erned, Inotice that he goes .on va-
cations and uses. the state roads as
‘mnc'h as I do: When you pay $5.00

K Vacre taxes, with markets where

,:_they are, you will have no time or
"meney to chase over the country.
« Yen know the condition in the city
7 today and you know-that there are

~ They know where they can at least
7,  have time to enjoy themselves a little

m ' instead of slaving all hours 'to pay

taxes. v If we fail, we know there
are others that will suffer with/us,
So go- to it, you may be ﬁxing your
own funeral. ’

_I believe the road user should pay
for the road and I also drive an

'._3automobile.——E. N.,. Coleman, Mich.

Mr. Newton’s Article Fine

,.'The article by Mr. F. S. Newton

of Saginaw, as reported in The Busi-

ness Farmer of‘January 6th, I have

read with deep interest and consider

I the article entirely logical, proving
‘ Mr. Newton to be a deep, thinker.

Everyone who is conversant with

l   present ﬁnancial conditions, is aware
"- ' that the Michigan'Farmer is already

taxed to near the “breaking point”
and to place an additional tax upon
him, as proposed by Mr.
Earle, would be no less than an un-
mitigated injustice.

As stated by Mr. Newton, we as a
people, have “gone wild” on the sub-

- ject‘ bf “Good Roads” and a halt
should be called until better, ﬁnancial
conditions preVail. The proposition
to make the highway from Detroit
to Grand Rapids 100 feet in width
illustrates the absurd- condition of
some men’s “think tank". “We
Farmers” enjoy riding on good roads
but we do not want to “break our
backs” with hard work to provide for
their making and maintenance.

It would seem to be most proper
for Granges and Farmers’ Clubs to
bombard the Legislature with reso-
lutions, something like the follow-
ing: Resolved by (name of Grange
or Club) that we do hereby ask most
earnestly of our members in the Leg-
islature, that the expenses of the
State government be kept at the very
lowest amount consistent with the
proper caring for the ﬁnancial needs
of the State and this we ask in view
of the heavy burdenuof taxation
which real estate of the Farmer is
compelled to be at under the present
unejual and unjust levying of taxes,
and we feel assured that it will be far
the best interests of all to recognize
that upon the welfare of the Farmer
depends the welfare of all classes of
citizens, it being absolutely and ever-
lastingly true—“The Farmer: He
garners, from the soil, the primal
wealth of nations."—J. T. Daniells.

Township Treasurer for Tax

As you have given us the oppor-
tunity to express our opinions on
this state-wide issue “Gasoline Tax"
I’ll add a few facts as I see them
here in the northern part of the

‘ state. I agree with F. S. Newton.

The “One Mill” tax on the farmers

of this state would be the last nail

, -'in his coiiin for today he is little

better than a slave to taxation.
Who was it that said “Let every
7man and women be free and inde-
.pendent?” Are the farmers inde—
.pendent?_ No, a thousand times no.
 But thank God they are free—and if
anyone well read the reports of the

 ‘- Farm Bureaus, Granges, and Farm-

 ers’ Clubs, I believe they will wake
. up to. the fact that they are very
~.:_much_ alive. The troubles is. we

 “farmers-have been too easy and put

uclrtrust impur "state oiﬂcials.
m.- Earle. says, if we donf-t want
'  A‘let .us-sell, :“a-nd get
, antimuit to the aver-

. Earle

no young people left on the farms.‘

Horatio ,

i's-henest tamer, ' i
I , 3m :

are  it  ass. is as s7 :11» m: Efiz

‘1 ,eaT  and Judge for Yourself 

too, go‘od homes, well tilled ﬁelds
and well stocked. Why? “Because
he éannot make a living for himself
and family and‘pay .his taxes. Mr.
spoke of owning several
farms, yes, and when he has only a
short distance to haul to a good
market, “by truck” thus the holler
on gas tax. If his farms were up
here where he had to depend on R.
R. freight rates, he would sing a dif-
ferent song.

I am in a position to know, being
treasurer of this township, where up
to date only eight farmers have paid
their taxes. Why? Because they
cannot sell their produce to get the
money. I know of several good in-
dustrious farmers that have butch-
ered and hung up most of their cat-
tle and hogs and left wife and chil-
dren to care for the rest and gone
to camp to earn tax money. One
man shipped two crates of ﬁfty
chickens each to the city, expecting
a good return” but the market had
taken a. slump and after paying the
railroad he had just four dollars
and sixty—three cents for his poultry,
about one cent per pound. Now if

I- would say reduce the license tax
totwo or three dollars regardless
of size of car and collect the rest

'through a gas tax.

Mr. Earle proposes to put an ad-
ditional tax on real estate when
there are thousands of real estate
owners who never use the roads for
anything more than to walk on.

It seems to worry Mr. Earle that
they are going to tax the city of
Detroit for helping to keep up the
reads in other parts of the state. I
know I have seen a lot of cars from

Detroit up this way last summer and-

they don’t stay on the state or county
roads either. They go o'ver our
township roads which we farmers
have to maintain without state or
county aid. The way I look at it
the Farmers ought to stand for it to
the man.—N. T. Powell, Emmett
County, Michigan.

“Hurrah, for Gas Tax!"

Why I think a gasoline tax a just
tax is because it would make them
that ride most pay most. Was the
trunk line built for the farmers?
No. It was built for the pleasure

 
THAT PROPOSED GASOLINE TAX

N theory the tax proposal has irreparable weakness.

It would tax

every user of gasoline for the maintenance of good roads when it

is perfectly clear that many users, tractor operators, owners of gas
engines on farms, and a. vast nwmber of vessels, for example, are not
concerned with roads at all insofar as these activities are concerned.
* * "‘ Suggests a very grave objection to the gas tariff proposition.
That is the necessity it would involve immediately of providing a new
and highly expensive state agency for its collection.

Instead of the gas tax 001. Waldon suggests an increase in license

fees if the automobilist must bear the road cost burden alone.

That

increase would not involve the employment of another clerk by the
state, would add not another penny to the ordinary cost of running

the Secretary of State’s ’oﬁ‘ice.

The gas tax idea is impolitic and unfair in theory; it would prove

improvident and wrong in practice.

If the automobilist is going to

pay a new tax there is now an ample sufficiency of machinery in the
state of Michigan for its collection—Detroit News Editorial.

 
he had been in Mr. Earle’s place he
would have phoned out, “ take the
truck and bring inthose 100 good
fat chickens, price is high” and
presto, it’s done! But this is not
the life of the common farmer.
Again I take exception to Mr.
Earle’s remark that “One sharp shod
horse did more damage to the good
roads on one trip over than a thou—
sand autos." The auto has it all over
the poor horse—when it comes to
cutting up roads. Now that Mr.
Slocum has given us the chance to
express our opinion I hopethe real
farmers will not be backward. Re-
member the Business Farmer stands
for a square deal. Once and for all
a good income tax and put the gas
tax on to build the rich mans roads.
—One of the Northern Michigan tax-
payers, Cheboygan County, Mich.

Gas Tax Will Get Outsiders

I have just ﬁnished reading an
article in the M. B. F. written by
Horatio S. Earle on the proposed
gasoline tax in Michigan, in fact -I
have read several articles written by
Mr. Earle in opposition to this tax.
His argument is applied to Detroit
might be good, but as applied to the
whole state, I consider it mighty
thin. \

I live in the midst of a resort reg-
ion and during the summer months
cars pass through here from nearly
every state in the union. Some stay
several months and some are camp-
ers and none of them, except those
that own property here, pay one cent
highway tax. And this tourist traf-

‘ ﬂc is some hing immense and grow-

ing all the ime. They wear out our
roads “mo while they are here than
our hom people do in the whole year
and a tax on gasoline would make
those who wear out the. roads keep
them up whether they are from Mich-
igan or California. " ~ '

Mr. Earle’s I argument about the
aeroplanes, motor boat and washing
machine is a, joke and the farm trac-
tors use mestly kerosene.

Another injustice- under our V pres- '

ent jtaﬂn "systemﬁs that the upper

 of, the ‘ pend
elven

cars and automobile industry and the
millionaire, and they bonded our
county for millions of dollars with
20—year bonds for the farmers to pay.

Mr. Earle says who shall pay the ~

tax, the truck man that hauls the
farmers produce? Now I think "Mr.
Earle knows the farmers would pay
at least the gasoline tax.

Mr. Earle speaks of the poor wash-
er—woman. Now if a man took a
dirty shirt to get washed, when he
got.the clean one who would pay the
tax? a

He says the cities maintain their
streets but 75 per cent of the cars
that run over our trunk lines are
city trucks. Mr. Earle speaks of
marching the ,Isrealites out of the
swamps now I don’t know whether
he did or not but what has that got
to do with the gasoline tax.

Mr. Earle speaks of exempting Mr.
Ford from taxation. ’Would a gaso-
line tax exempt Mr. Ford? He says
Mr. Ford doesn’t pay a tenth part of
the tax he should pay. Now Mr.
Earle lives in that neck of the woods
why doesn’t he see that Mr. Ford
pays his taxes or is he afraid that a
gasoline tax would hurt the sale of
Ford cars.

My taxes have doubled in four
years at the same valuation. Now
Mr. Earle says he pays 50 times the
taxes of an ordinary farmer and
pays them cheerfully and if the farm-
ers don’t want to pay their taxes
let them give their farms away.
Now how did Mr. Earle get his vast
wealth, farming or out of the good
roads system? Now Mr. Earle wants
the farmers to vote a mill tax. I
think what Mr. Earle wants we don’t
and what he doesn't we do. So
hurrah for a gasoline tax—Arthur
Sterim, Osceola County, Michigan.

Taxes on Real Estate High Enough.

I note in the December 9th issue,
Mr. Horatio S. Earle, on the highway
tax problem, and think such an art-
icle worthy of notice. His claim of
being a farmer and farm owner is.
a broad claim often used by-men
that are not; dirt farmers, that de-

emillvlnx p .

on farming for their ‘income‘
-' ' , islature to 

,V (255)  '1.

ers and home owners know by this 5

time that they are getting hit hard
enough with taxes.

We have no state tax based on the
value of motor cars. An old car

worth $100 is taxedthe same as a, '

new car worth $1,000. A farmer in
the north part of the state that
makes a few trips to town with car
in summer is taxed the same as a
car owner in south part that drives
car nearly every day in the year.

The statement that motorists are
paying 5 per cent tax doesn’t seem
to balance right as far as state taxes
go. Reports from states that have
a gasoline tax show that it is one
of the easiest taxes they have to col-
lect and motorists do not consider
it unreasonable as it is used to im-
prove ro which beneﬁt them and
saves money in running their
cars.

I think the more farm and home
owners we have the better and it
will prove a poor policy to tax the
people off from their farms. When
the state builds and maintains an
improved highway system at great
expense it must be met by a tax and
I fail to see any injustice in placing
part of the tax on the trafﬁc that
uses the roads, in proportion to use.

Some states have a 2 cent per gal-

lon tax on gasoline for highway pur-

poses and it works well, why won’t
it work well here?——Earnest S.
Allen, Osceola County, Michigan.

Wants Both Gas and Income Taxes

I was very much pleased to read
the article in your paper of Decem-
ber 9th, concerning the gasoline tax
by Mr. Earle. He sure brought out
some good suggestions, but I hardly
agree on the mill tax at present for
the highway department, and will try
and give my reasons. '

I believe the way conditions are
in Michigan at present, we should
have a gasoline tax and an income
tax and every good honest citizen
who believes in doing his share and
have others do the same will get
out and vote for both. They tell
us in Michigan 79 per cent of all
taxes are on real estate. Real estate
represents 35 per cent of the wealth
of Michigan. That leaves 65 per
cent of the wealth of the state to
pay 21 per cent of taxes. Take the
man with most of his money in non-
taxable property who is probably
raising a family has a machine, and
is wearing out the roads that real
estate, pays about eighty—ﬁve per
cent of the cost when built, or the
man who makes his living trucking,
some do not own a home, and have
their money in trucks and non—tax-
able property. Where are they to
get their just share, will not a gaso-
line tax help, also an income tax?—
Henry D. Phillip.

Gas Engine Owner Speaks

Would a tax on gas be a just tax?
How about the man who has no car,
but owns a gas engine? Must he
pay on power, not using the high-
way, or such power traveling on
water? A tax on gas would make
openings for some work dodging in—
dividuals to collect said tax. The
people are graning under the tax
burdens now. That does not indi-
cate they want more. Unload,
must be the slogan of every fair
minded citizen. Where will we
start—C. H. A., Iosco County, Mich.

Tax-Exempt Securities

How different we see things. I
am rather surprised at Brother
Earle's article in which he proposes
to add a one mill tax on all real
estate for highway purposes. There
seemsto be about all the tax on
real estate already that it can stand,
more than it ought to stand. There
are t ends of small real estate
owneé who are old, with small in-
come sufﬁcient to support them,
and when they apply to the mill or
factory work they are met with this

“you are too old to do our work."'

There are thousands of men that
own machines that do not own real
estate who would go free under
Brother Earle’s plan. I think abet-

ter plant would be for a vote 'at‘thew-ﬁ ” ’
leg-3'

spring, election to empower-that
th mite

 
' way capacity was small.
the state-owned roads ran only in
the day time and sometimes it he-

 
 (256) . .- '  .-

for transportation. Michigan’s

THE primal need of the settler is
rivers were mostly shallow and

'crooked, obstructed with drift-wood

and sometimes completely blocked
for long distances by it, and, after
deforestation had advanced, sand-
bars likewise impeded navigation
and there were great ﬂuctuations in
the depth of the water from season
to season. In winter they were iced
over and mill danms were at fre-
quent intervals thrown athwart
their channels. Makeshift roads
were early c0nstructed——some of the
most important ones by the United
States government_ before Michigan
became a state. and that for military
reasons. Territorial and, later,
state roads were laid out by the ter-
ritorial and state governments in
accordance with acts of the legisla-
ture, while each township was ex—
pected to attend to the building of
such portion of these roads as lay
within its limits. Working out the
road tax was for many years a famil-
iar feature of rural economy in
Michigan, with results that were un-
favorable to good roads. But for
many years the most that Michigan
farmer. could contribute for this ob-
je as labor. The-people—pion-
eers in a wilderness——were poor and
distances were great. Often the:
“road” lacked grading and a metal-
led surface. although where need
was, in crossing a marsh or swamp,
the log corduroy gave a painful
passage to the wayfarer. The town-
meeting, introduced from New York
and New England even before state-
hood was attained, gave most of its
attention, it may be presumed, to
road work, as it still does in those
rural sections where it is still held.
It was only with the coming of the
automobile that effective county and
state highways systems have super-
seded the township—district system of
the earlier period.

Need of Transportation

This need for transportation ex-
plains the fantastic effects at rail-
way construction and internal im-
provements which featured the his-
tory of Michigan as soon as state-
hood was secured, and the people be-
came masters of their own govern—
mental affairs. The ﬁrst railroad—~
the Erie and Kalan1azoo———was open-
ed from Toledo, Ohio, to Adrian,
Michigan in 1836, although chart—
ers and projects had been provided
in plenty during several years pre—
vious. This was a private under-
taking as was that from Detroit to
Pontiac, almost as early; but pri-
vate effort was too conservative.
The young state required vigorous
action and got it through its own
efforts. A great system of internal
improvements was laid out ’by the
governor and legislature in 1837,
which with the hard times that
came on about that time, well-nigh
bankrupted the state and brought,
in 1850, a constitutional prohibition
of such state enterprises in the fut-
ure. Three state-constructed rail-
roads were built well into the inter-
ior of the state—from Detroit to
Kalamazoo (designed to reach Lake
Michigan at the mouth of the St.
Joseph River) and the other from
Monroe to Hillsdale (designed to
reach Lake Michigan at New Buffa—
lo). All these railways were built
with the wooden rails with a metal-
lic strap to cover the running sur-
face, and some of them used horse-
drawn vehicles at ﬁrst. Indeed it is
said to have been designed that
farm—wagons should be provided
with ﬂanged wheels so that anyone
could haul his wagon on the line as
if on a country highway—~83!!er out
of the mud and sloughs of the public
roads. Over these early lines. the
farmers shipped their grain, ﬂour
and other marketable produce to the
lake ports and market towns, and
received manufactured and non-do-
mestic materials in return. Reil-
Trains on

necessary to call in, wagOn
~ olive thencongefstion n

   
left to privater-carp‘ﬁand effort to

cover the state with its present sys-
tem of steam and electric transport-
ation. Chicago was reached in
1852 and the two peninsulas were
joined by railroad in 1881. In the
southern counties it appears to have
been the advancing agricultural
frontier that promoted the extension
of the railroad system, while farther
to the northward, where good agri—
cultural lands were less readily
available, lumbering gave the in-
centive still further north, in the
Upper Peninsula, mining, and later
lumbering, led to railroad construc-

tion. But even in the north, agri-
culture where it was replaced by
forest industries, directly depends

upon the railroad. Electric inter—
urban transportation is scarcely
more than a generation in developing
from its ﬁrst small beginnings be—
tween Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti in
1890. But it, too, has come to have
a very great importance to rural
life in Michigan. The canal system
which the state government con-
templated in 1837, s00 was dropped
after some slight efforts were made
close to Lake St. Clair and in the
Saginaw valley, although the great
look and canal system at Sault Ste.
Marie, ﬁrst opened in 1855, has
come to have a tonnage some three
times that of the combined Panama
and Suez canal traﬂic. But this has
little direct connection with Michi-
gan agriculture.

Edu¢ation and Religion

The r ral pioneers of Michigan
were not indifferent to education or
to religion. Territorial legislation
had taken in account of public
schools, but little seems to have been
accomplished before statehood was
attained. The state constitution of
1835 gave the state educational
leadership by creating the ofﬁce of
superintendent of public instruction
and devoted the proceeds from the
sales of such lands as might be re—
ceived fro-m the United States for
this purpose to the use of such
schools. This primary school in-

.terest fund later was increased by

at, . ‘\

 
T- HE 1‘ on 'I G Adm? L as mass   fr;  ‘

Historical Background . of ‘ Michigan

Second Installment of Historical Outline of Rural Life in Michigan, by Prof. L. A. Chase

the addition of taxes on railroads and
certain other transportation compan—
ies as well as the tax on inherit-
ances, and has been an important
aid especially in some rural sections
of the state where the proportion of
school children to taxable valuation
is high. Yet, the ﬁrst schools were
not free.
count of the attendence from each
family and at intervals a rate—bill
was presented for payment of tui-
tion. The constitution of 1850 di-
rected that the legislature provide
free schooling, but it was nearly a
score of years before this was done.
The teachers were poorly trained
and poorly paid. The course of
study was'limited mainly to reading,
writing, and arith’matic (there was
for many years no attention given to
agriculture). 'Schoolhouses were
made of the same crude construction
that characterized the homes of the
people. Text-books were few and of
all sorts and conditions. Special
school equipment was largely lack-
ing. Yet the schoolhouse ﬁlled an
important place in the rural life of
pioneer Michigan. It was a place
for public meetings—religious, po-
litical, social. It aﬁorded all the
schooling that many eminent men
and women of Michigan received.

The circuit rider moved about
from place to place carrying the
Gospel to remote hamlet and lonely
ﬁreside. His equipment was in his
saddle-bags. His pay was triﬂing,
his zeal was great. Like the physi-
cian, he made long and hard journ-
eys. Occasionaly there were settle-
ments of persons having a common
religious bond whose members
were chieﬂy engaged in agriculture,
such as the Mennonites already re—
ferred to, the Quakers, the United
Brethren, the Dunkards, the Mor-
m-ans of Beaver Island, and latterly
the Isra lite House of David. The
most striking example of re—colon-
ization of co-religionists on a large
scale is that of the Dutch settle-
ment of Ottawa County, just before
the middle of the last century.

As the mainland of Michigan ex-
tends through some six degrees of

 
34
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Muskegon
dHaven . , It”
Gran G and . id c 0‘
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Con ills

 
Indian land oessions, 1795-1831.

Lake Huron.

   
secured possession of, all 0
v emmsula. 848‘

E

 
/'
ldwater

\36

The ﬁrst strip of land the 'United ' States
secured from the Indians was a. narrow strip extending from a few miles- north
of Mount Clemens south to the Basin river in Monroe county..
treaty of 1807 the boundary, line was extended from the Michigan-Ohio line

through Jackson, Mason, Corunna, along the Saginaw-valley .. to the. shore. of. '
The treaty of 1819 ceded territolryxnround. Charlotte, Ionia, the ,
Saginaw valley and north to Presdue Isle county. The treaty. of. 182-1 ..oell'ed,ithe
land south of Grand river nnd through
1 go iowor peninsula ﬁnd the eastern

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latitude there was found to ‘be'ffcon-i‘

siderable divergence in the farm
crops that could'be grown.
the early farmers wheat was affav-
ored grain crop and the farmers
chief dependence for a cash income.
It has from the beginningbeeﬁ a
leadingcrop of the southern counts
ies.
varied greatly in quality. For years
after the Civil War the “Clawson”
wheat said to have been introduced
in New York State stood in high
repute. Of late interest has been

shown in the new type, called “Red.

Rock” bred from a_single kernel
selected in 1908 by the plant breeder
at the Michigan Agricultural Col-
lege. Under pioneer conditions
wheat was sown broadcast from the
hand and covered with the spike-
toothed drag.
from thirty to forty bushels per

Among.

It has borne many names "and'

a.

Its yield would run .

acre but in time this yield was not I

maintained and farmers came to
plant wheat rather from force of
habit or for seeding of the hay-crop
than for any good business reason
on its own account. From the ﬁrst
winter wheat has been chieﬂy grown
in Michigan, but in the northern
sections of the state spring wheat
predominates, although an early
planting of winter wheat is apt to
turn out well. -

Crops Raised

Corn—already grown in the state
by the Indians when the whites ar-
rived, was planted sometimes on the
untilled ground ameng the stumps.
The surrounding forest, by inter-
fering with air drainage, increased
the liability to frost on the corn-
ﬁeld, until clearing operations re-
duced this danger. With corn as
with wheat there was the same lack
of standard varieties until recent
years through the efforts of crop
improvement associations and the
Agricultural College standardiza-
tion has been brought about. This
appliesalso to other grains. In
the pioneer era grain—growing suff-
ered somewhat, too, from the' depre-
dations of wild animals. The“ suc-
culent shoots of the growing grain
suited the taste of the deer, and
grain in the shock attracted the
approving attention of raccoons,
squirrels and wild turkeys. On the
other hand, many of our destructive
plant diseases did not make their
appearance for some years.
ﬂour was produced at the water-
driven mill reached, it might be,
after many days of ardous travel-
ing. The Indians knew how to re-
duce corn by breaking it in a hol-
lowed end of a log or stump, while
the whites improved on these meth-
ods by usinga hand-mill or even 'a
large coffee—mill.

In the pioneer period the prairies
and marshes produces wild- hay, and
even yet there are times and places
in which such wild grass is not
scorned. For many years clover
and timothy was almost entirefy
grown as a hay crop, but during the
past score of years alfalfa and
more recently, sweet clover and sun—
ﬂowers have been winning favor for
forage. The southern counties lead

in the hay crop, but the eastern sec-.

tion of the Upper Peninsula in des-
tinctively a hay-producing and hay-
exporting region.

It was early discovered that the
light soils of the northern counties
were suited to the growing'of po-
tatoes and this region remains the
lead g potato section of Michigan
and e of the most important po-
tato sections of the country. As
with the grains, varieties have be-
come standardized and adapted to
local conditions. ‘

Sugar: Beet District :1
The area. of sugar beet culture

is not far south of the potato belt
wbut’ .onwsoils that are sti‘nﬁter in.

clay in their composition.  state

legislature in‘1881 had tried to .stim— -
K .15

ulate .the home production: sugar

  
Wheat ‘

. through a. bounty, bugbﬂpﬁﬁm ob; . 
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HE CHICAGO TRIBUNE,
- realizing that its phenomenal
success is due in a large measure to
the, fact that for seventy-ﬁve years it
has numbered among its readers a
large proportion of the residents of
farms and small cities, announces for
their beneﬁt a big reduction in subscrip-

 
 tion rates effective January 15th, 1923.

‘The reduction ranges from 1/3 to 1/2
below former rates

In 1917, as a war measure, Congress passed a bill
providing for four annual raises in Postal Rates for
newspaper subscriptions. As The Tribune had, for
many years before, sold its paper to out-of—town
readers at less than cost, it felt compelled to add a por-
tion of these postage increases to its subscription rates.

For the past three years The Chicago Tribune/

has been leading the ﬁght to obtain a reduction in
second-class postage rates so that it could reduce to
pre-war prices its subscription rates to residents of
farms and small cities. .

Although every one of the other ten taxes estab-
lished by the, war revenue act of 1917 has been
reduced, Congress has not seen ﬁt as yet to reduce
the tax on second-class postage.

At the present Postal Rates it costs The Tribune
from $3.20 to $6.79 a year for Postage alone to send
the paper to each subscriber in the States of Illinois,
Indiana,Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin. In many
instances this is more than The Tribune’s entire
subscription price—without considering the cost of
the product.

Many of our farmer friends have stated that it

required from 10 to 12 bushels of corn to pay for a. I
. year’s subscription to The Chicago Daily Tribune.

The Tribune is anxious to remedy that fact. V

TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS
OFFER TEAR OUT COUPON and

MAIL AT ONCE!

Therefore, without waiting further for Congress
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scription rates ranging from 1/3 to 1/2. This cut in rates
will cost The Tribune approximately $200,000.00 each
year, but The Tribune will pay the bill in the interest
of its many country readers.

New subscriptions to The Chicago Daily Tribune,
starting on and after January 15th, 1923, will be
accepted at the following rates:

 
THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE

[By Mail, .Six Days a Week]

These Rates Apply Only to Subscriptions in States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
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Period ‘ Old Rate New Rate

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The Chicago Daily Tribune today enjoys the largest
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lation in America—averaging over 53 0,000 copies daily.
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If you Wish to receive The Chicago Daily Tribune
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‘ I SUBSCRIPTION COUPON

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Dept. 17 Chicago, Illinois,

Iwant to take advantage of your reduced subscription rates. Enclosed ﬁnd
$ .......................................................... .. for which send The Chicago Daily .

Tribune [by Mail, Six Days a Week] as follost: ‘

El 1 MONTH [50c]
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  oooooooooooooooo cocoon. o I n o o I e o o I a o u I a o e e a a o a o o e o e o I o o o s a a o o o on  oooooooooooooooooooo OIOIIOIO ‘

   
 '“EverY Day ,r EverY Wi‘ay Wé 
Are Getting Better and better.”

 
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
CLEANER CO-OPERATIVE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE C0.,'

The following ﬁnancial statement is a copy of the report submitted to Hon. 1.. T.
Hands, Commissioner Insurance, Lansing, for the year ending December 31st,
1022. In submitting reports to our members we conform exactly to the requirements
of the state, therefore it may be depended, upon as absolutely correct.

_ The Company is  splendid condition, the best since its organisation six years
ago. In reading this report we want it understood that while the indebtedness
of the company is $28,172.40, that the last assessment was called September 1st.
1022, and this twenty-eight thousand dollars has been used to pay the losses and
expenses for four months since assessment was called—September, October, November.
and December. Our asessment year ends September 1st, and this report is dude
for the calendar year’ 1922. Bear in mind, we have operated: the company, payinl
all losses for a .third of a year and it has cost us $28,172.40: We have about 324......
at risk. If we as $1 per thousand it would raise $28,000, and would PCY “P
everything. If we should run along in the same ratio for the following eight months
of our year we would assess $3 per $1,000. It would be Very unwise to prophesy
the future. We can only tell you what it has cost us to run a third of our next year.

This statement is combined, both Rodded and Unrodded classes made to meet the
requirements of the State Insurance Department; We will say, however, that both
classes are in equally good condition when separated. We want to call your atten-
tion to the fact that this company own no automobiles, the furni
ﬁreproof ﬁles, typewriters, adding machines, dictaphones, printed
has been paid for and in the oﬁce costing a lot of money is not ca
We have considerable money due us that we are going to get on
of 1922, but as the Insurance Department does not allow us to carry
asset they are not included in this report.

   
risks on the twenty-eight million dollar company. These were 174 losses on both
classes, scattered about the state and the expense of adiusting these losses averaged
$13.90 each, which covered railroad fare, automobile hire, hotel expenses and salary
paid the adjuster. _

The exact amount of insurance at risk Janum’y 1st, 1m, was $27,007,422.7S, or a
net gain after all cancellation and decreases, of $4,244,318.50 and a net gain In mem-
bership of 911, making a total membership in both classes of 8,011. The two classes
are two-thirds Rodded and one-third Unroddcd. _

 
INCOME
1. Total assets at the close of L . .‘9’35‘00
2. Assessments levied during the year"... .....................$ 79,054.“
3. Premiums paid by new '- - 5,211.10
4. Policy Fees W
5. Interest Received 2,246.86
0. Borrowed Money Reca'ved 57.5".“
7. T: ‘ Fees 148.3
3. Assessments of Year 192], paid 1022............._..._..................... 8,724.41
9. Assessments, prior to 1021 121.37
12. Cancelled Insurance 2,044.89
13. Excess 205.57
14. Total Income for Above Period g1““"4-21 M
15. TOTAL $103,009.21
DISBURSEMENTS
10. Amount of Losses PI“ 3 78,30l.07
17. Adjusting and Settlement of Losses .. 3,205.00
18. Ofﬁcers Salaries and Fe— 4,450.22
19. Directors Fees and F .. 353.6
20. Revenue Stamps 57-”
21. Clerk Hire 0.18.13
2. Advertising, Printing and Stationery...” .. 1.59.95
23. Postage and Stamped Env ' _. 733.42
2L Commissions to Agents 3,474.00
25. Return to Policy Holders 11.3.
8. Borrowed Money Repaid
Interest on Same 4,110.“
21. Attorney Fees and other Legal Expenses In“
20. Miscellaneous .“ t IL I”
29. Telegrams and T ' ‘- 215.12
30. Rent 0'...
32. Office Supplies 214.47
33. Notes Receivable 1,6032
14. Inspecting 4
35.....Cash Deposited in Reserve Fund 3,914.39
36. Collection Account 180.91
37. Bad Debt Charged OFF 37.77
$153,523.57 M
38. BALANCE 3 4,405.04
LIABILITIES
Borrowed Money 3 50,0“.00
Losses Unsettled and Not Adjusted (2)............. 2,250...
TO'I'Al 3 $2,850.00 3 $2,050.00
ASSETS
Cash on H-nd ‘ 4,485.54
Due on 1022 .‘ ‘ 12,830.07
Due on Cancelled 1W 4”
Money Deposited in Reserve Fund 0,014.30 3 24,071.“
BALANPF 8 m
We realize that some who read the above statement may not be able to fully
understand same, and our aim has always been to keep our well in-

formed, and thus we am: the following explanations:

No. 1—-The money we had on hand when we started the year 1922. No. Z—Amount
of assessments paid by our members. 3rd and 4th—Money paid by new members
to join our company. Some of this was paid to agents for writing the applications.
The amount so paid is item No. 24. 5th—This is the amount of interest we receiv
from members who did not pay their assessments soon enough to avoid paying
interest, most of whom took the full three months to pay same. We gave them
extra time to pay if they paid a small interest. Notice item No. 20. We paid $4,119.06
interest on borrowed money, and our members paid in $2,246.86, therefore we were
really out only $1,872” for interest the entire year for money advanced by the
bank to pay the losses and expenses for the members. No. 7—This is -explanatory.
No. G—Money received for transferring policies. Nos. 8 and 9-Sclf explanatory.
No. lZ—Assessments paid when insurance was cancelled. No. 13—Money sent in by
agents more than required which was returned in item No. 24. No. 14—All the
money'received during the year.

The disbursement explanation is quite clear. Nos. 17 and 18 are odf explanatory.
No. ls—Paid directors for attending meetings, tra expenses and .perdiem. Nos.
20, 21, 22 and 23 are self explanatory. No. 24—This is the amount paid agents for
writing applications. The money they sent in is covered by Nos. 3 and 4, and was
returned to them. No. 25—Money sent in above the amount required and returned.
Nos. 25 and 17 are self explanatory. See our explanation to No. 5 above. No. 28—
Typewriter and other oﬁce furniture and ﬁxtures. Nos. 23, 30 and 32 are sdf explana-

a disbursement until notes are pal A
No. 35 is the amount of money receivod from new mesnbers for joining the com-
pany, which in most mu companies goes to the oﬂicero as commissions.
the start in our reserve fund that we are building without assessing our members
. It is deposited in the National Bank of Commerce, Det
account and is drawing interest. It will be added to ev month. v'

No. ilk-Paid for collecting accounts. No. 31—Bad debts god oi as uncollectable.
The liabilities and assets are self explanatory.

Notice the item in liabilities: “losses unsettled and not adjusted.” There were
but two losses unpaid at the close of the year. one occurring December 20th, 1922,
and the other is a loss where t is a grave doubt as to whether the company
is responsible for anything whatever. Isn’t this a wonderfully clean slate for a big
com any ' '

condition, ﬁnancially or otherwise. operated safely and oonser'vatively.
Insurance risks have been kept within the safety point and those who joined to sell
their property to the company through the inoendiarism route have been
out. and the suspicious are under surveillance. ’

We giadly open our gates to every good farm owner, whether he be. a member

‘
—'na_

 
of the Gleaner organization or not. We have issued a booklet covering every detail
of the advantages and operation of the which we will gladly send to
mymwhodedressamnwecanonlysayte thatifywplacegoourinsnranco
withusweshalldoourutmoottogiveyou bestlnsurancsto hadatthe

kostpudbhcoehandtbattbemmaganentwmbesahcarefulandmvaﬂva
, _ L. r. BOSWORTH. President. ' ' Jam-Ls Swami. 
' Home 05cc: National Gleaner Temple, Detroit. ‘

 
\L/
We ask that you take special note of the expense of adjusting losses and inspecting '

tory. No. 33—-—Notes taken in payment and credited on assessment book, charged as

over was the Gleaner‘s Co—Operaltivi: Mutual Fire Insurance Company in better ’
1 being” 4

 
all complaints or requests for Nev-mm: «on "gum

 do".

  
you. All Insult-lee must be encumber-led by

A PATHETIC REQUEST

URING years of reading your

paper, I have seen. many troub-

les cleared up. We would like

to know if you can help us by print-
ing the following:

Our daughter, Bernice De Hart
disappeared from Harbor Springs,
Michigan, Nov. 24th. Her descrip-
tion: age 23, weight 110 pounds,
height 5 ft. 3 inches, color of hair,
medium brown, color of eyes, blue.
Slight scar ,on right cheek. When
last seen she was wearing a Small
black velvet hat, wine colored coat,
with large black collar and black
kid oxfords. She is a pianoist of
excellent ability.

We will give to anyone who can
give us information concerning her
whereabout $300.00 in cash.——-F. G.
De Hart, Post Master, Vickeryville,
Michigan.

 
DEPENDS ON WORDING OF
CONTRACT

If A sells B a parcel of land on
contract and after two or three years
B is unable to meet payments when
due, has A the right to step in and
take the land back at once? Or has
B a right to pay up later and redeem
the land the same as on a mortgage?
R. P. R., Kingsley, Michigan.

—The time when A may regain pos-
session of the land sold on contract
to B depends upon the wording of
the contract itself. A notice of for-
feiture probably must be served of
from seven days to three months
depending upqn the wording of the
contract. Under the statute if B
retains possession until A commen—
ces an action against him notwith-
standing B has not paid he.» may
require the court to ﬁnd the amount
than duo on the contract. B would
then have ﬁve days to pay it or he
may be put 01! the premises—Legal
Editor. '

 
BRIEF COURSE FOR ELECTRIC-
IAN OR PLUMBER

Can you give me any information,
as to the learning to be either an
electrician or plumber? Is there
any other way other than being an
apprentice or in the case of an
electrician, taking a university
course. Are there not some reliable
trade schools that one might‘attend?
One similar to the Detroit Automo-
bile School, for learning the trades
pertaining to automobiles? Are
there any you could recommend?—
W. M., Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

—The best place I know of is The
Ohio Mechanics Institute, Cincinnat-
ti, Ohio. However, the Detroit Un-
iversity or The Arthur Hill Trade
School, Saginaw, or the Milwaukee
School of Electrical Engineering
might serve your purpose.-——-A. R.
Sawyer, ’Professor of Electrical En-
gineering, M. A. C.

HiOUSEWORK AND GENERAL
HOUSEWORK
Will you please tell me if there
is any difference between the terms
"housework," and “general house-
work”?—-A. R., Marina, M‘lch.

—'l‘he distinction is simply one of
custom. The term “general house
work" is supposed to mean all types
which would 'include the laundry,
w‘hile “house work" would include
only the care of the house and in-
cludes neither the laundry nor the

culinary work—Edna V. Smith,
Asst. State Home Demonstration
Leader.

WHO IS ENTITLED TO PENSION?

What widow and children are on-
titled to a pension?-—Mrs. M. E. W,
Honor, Mich.

—-The mother of any dependent or
neglected child under the age of
seventeen years of age who is un-
married or divorced, or is a widow,
or has been. deserted by her hus-
band, or it"her husband has been
declared insane or is feeble-min

epileptic, paralytic, qr bun , and is
conﬁned in a state hoop tal or
other state institution. or is the wife
‘01,, “innate, at... 90829 
mutation  ‘ to 

    
 nee

not sis-d. It, noel '.

 
; "'r

foncrime, or "if an inmate

who is conﬁned therein for the pur-
pose of being treated for insanity of
other diseased mental condition-and
such mother is poor and unable to
properly care and provide farpgeaid
‘child, but is otherwise a proper

guardian, the court' may eutorran;
order providing for‘the, payment of
not to exceed ten dollars per week
and not less than two dollars per,

week in case said mother has but
one child, with an additional sum of
two dollars per week for each nut-J!
additional child—Charles J. Deland.

, Secretary of State.

 
OWE AGENT NOTHING

A year ago last spring an agent i

came to my place to sell me a cult!-
vator. I wanted an Oliver but they
did not have any. They had the
Rodcerick Lean. I told them that
I would think it over and let them
know. I told them not to bring one

out unless they heard from me. Two '
or three days later this man sent out r
a cultivator and I not being at home ‘

he unloaded it and went away. , I
gave it a fair trial and did not like
it so when he came to draw up the
papers I would not sign as I did not
want it. We later bought an Oliver.
I notiﬁed the ﬁrm I did not want the
cultivator, to come and get it. He
came out and I told him I did not like
it and he put it up in the tool shed
in the barn and went away. This

fall he sent notice and we payed no _

attention to it. The other evening
he came and said if I would pay him
$15.00 he would take the cultivator,
if not he would make us pay all of
it. I want to know if I have to pay
him $15.00 when I signed no papers
for the cultivator and have kept it
in storage for 16, months.——-L. F.,
St. Charles, Michigan.

—Under the facts related you owe
the agent nothing. If he sues you,
you will have to defend yourself and
if the justice of the peace decides
against you get a. good lawyer. and
appeal the case. The circuit court
judge will see that justice is done
upon the trial.-—Legal Editor. ’

TRAVELING EXEPNSES FOR
HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER
Will a highway commissioner
serving a township, such service re-
quiring the constant use of an auto,
be required to furnish same from

' his salary or is be entitled to coma

pensation for same?—L. B., Spring
Arbor, Mich. ‘ '

—-Act 57. of the Public Acts of 1921
ﬁxes the compensation of the High-
way Commissioner at four dollars
per day for each day actually and
necessarily devoted by him to the
service of the township in the duties
of his 011109. This does not include
his actual and necessary traveling
expenses, which should be provided.
——State Highway Department.

A

 
TRANSPLANT IN SPRING ‘
Is it advisable to take up hardy
plants like ﬂax, peonics and iris
now and store them down in cellar

through the winter and set them out ,

side next spring?——'J. K., Dryden,
Michigan. ' ' ' "

——Flax, peonies and iris are much
better in the ground for the winter
than in any cellar protection you
could give them. If they have to: be
moved for some cause or other from
the position they are occupying, I.
would advise planting them in some
permanent place protected by leaves
or straw but they would be much
better if transplanted in the spring.
——Thos. Gunson, Ass’t Professor 0

Horticulture, M. A. C. =

LANDLORD FURNISEES ALL BUT I
LABOR V

I would like ,to know your idea
of the subject-of rent for a one 
dred and twenty were farm; 

     
the work. ,If the tennant  7’

one-third of all the crops wont
be“ fair tugboat m4nm

  
16:1 a‘ hos-‘7
pital for the treatment of insane »

\m

  
I -

  
,Ja'

 
secess-  til; 

, g : ‘e conditions, where the landlord
ugnishes everything except labor, is
that-the landlord receive two-thirds
I otincome and tenant one-third, the
 to pay one-third of thresh
.bi-ll,‘.seedl_ purchased etc., and the
landlord the 'other two-thirds.
. As to thechickens'and pasture for
c9317, this is an individual matter and
can heagreed upon. by landlord and
tenant to suit conditions—F. T. Rid-'
dell, .Farm Management Demonstra-
tor, M. .A. C. '

 NOT OBLIGED T0. MAINTAIN
‘ ' ' SLAUGHTER HOUSE

_.A ,butch who has just been
compelled to rebuild his slaughter
house to make it sanitary, told me
that the laws says, that all meat
put on the maket for the use of the
public must be killed in a sanitary
slaughter house. That the farmers
‘could not kill meat and'put it on the
“market. Does this law, stop me
from killing my hogs and selling
filhiell??—L. A. W., St. Olaf? County,

c . .

——fl‘here is no law nor department
ruling in existence which‘seeks to
compel a farmer to maintain a‘
slaughter house or kill' animals of
his own raising in a slaughter house.
He has a perfect right to do all of his
butchering at any place on his farm,
having in mind that if the meat is

MICHIGA

WHAT IS DIVERSIFIED FARM-

. ING?

HAT is meant by diversiﬁed

" farming, about which so much

has been said of late? Prof.

P. E. McNall of the Wisconsin Col-

legs of Agriculture says it means

anything but “jumping in and out

of every sort of agricultural activ-
‘ ity.” ‘ '

“The farmer who diversiﬁes has
important major source of income,”
declares Prof. McNall. “Usually
‘lthis is some class of live stock; oc-
casionally in this state it is some
cash crop. This one enterprise must
dorm the backbone of the farming
business. It is the farmer’s spec-
ialty. He knows‘and loves the work
with this particular stock. He is in
it because he expects to remain in
the production of the stock and he
’ Will not drop it because prices are
not temporarily as he would have
them.” ,

_ In addition to his main line of live
stock productiOn, the farmer who
pratices a good form of diversiﬁca-
. tion, according to Prof. McNall,
keeps stock of other kinds, tomake
the best use of farm -by—products,
perhaps, and he generally grows a
cash crop as well. ,The idea is to
“have a number of sources of cash in-
come, so that there will always be
the chance of hitting a good market
on some things produced. ~

' Conditions the past two years have
emphasized the need for great di-
versiﬁcation. “Between 1916 and
1920,” says Prof. McNall, “any farm—
er with energy could make monew.
A herd of cows, a few acres of crops,
pigs, chickens or whatever the‘ farm-
er had, was effective capital for
bringing in the dollars. Neither
management nor saving was required
to pay all current expenses, and in-
come which could», have been used
- as'reserve was expended either to in-
crease the volume of business or to
raise the standard of living. Since
1920 conditions have reversed. Very
few farmers are making money."

Has diversiﬁcation made headway '

the past two years? " Think of the
“increased iinterest in hens. That
is one step in diversiﬁed corn belt
farming. Chicago D a i ly Drovers
Journal. '

POTAOTES‘ ON SAND
y ' I have a sandy soil which has been
W farmed in following rotation as far
v back  I:  ‘ First year clover,
  year corn, third year oats,

’ “£153: Wh-year,clover (this Wasxa poor

ﬁfth-“year or 1922 cm soy
. ¥+the__roots of  eh

.m am— pm!”-

miss”
, . , sanitary and 9133,, 00m
 Slaughterhouse regulations apply

' only to butchers and others who buy

wherever an opportunity affords, and
from any source from which animals
are available—«M. J. Smith, Solici—
tor, State Department of Agricult-
ure.

, SEE ATTORNEY

One of my neighbors was driving
on a highway and was put .in the
ditch by an auto. This driver was
altogether to blame and does not
deny it. My neighbor was hurt, the
buggy broke and the harness. He
went to justice of the town and the
justice would serve papers to auto

driver to settle, but he never came. ‘

This happened some time ago, and
I would like to know if the matter
could be taken up yet.—Mrs. M. B.,
Merrill, Michigan. .

———I do not understand what is meant
by “justice serve papers to settle."
If it was a letter from the'justice to
the party who caused the account
he would be under no legal obliga—
tions to answer it nor does it lessen
the injured parties rights. The jus-
tice of the peace if not an attorney
at law has no right to practice law.
If the injury has not outlawed the
injured party should consult,a good
attorney and he will tell him what
to do and what he can do, to collect
his damages—Legal Editor.

N CROPS

loads per acre. Do you think this
amount is sufﬁcient or would it be
best to only plant 6 acres of potatoes
and apply manure more heavily Is
there any commercial fertilizer suit—
able for potatoes on sandy soil with
gravel snsoil? If so what? On the
same sandy soil in same ﬁeld as de—
scribed on this letter this year 1922
potatoes made 130 bushels per acre.
the patch was manured at the rate
of 18 loads per acre. This was a very
dry year. What I wish to get at is,
would not 10 loads of manure pro-
duce nearly as good results as the 18
loads? Is the Irish cobbler potato
the best early market variety? How
many bushels per acre for seed of
the above variety?—-—~R. S. Cold—
water, Michigan.

-—-The application of manure, where
ground is not so irregular as to cause
’washing, is best applied the previous
fall, during the winter or early
spring. Disk thoroughly before plow—
ing. 8 to 10 tons of manure prop—
erly incorporated will give very good
results. Too heavy an application
of coarse strawy manure may cause
the land to dry out excessively in a
dry season, and especially if the man—
ure is plowed down late and in such
a way as to make a mat in the bot-
tom of the furrow.

Slice by thorough discing before
plowing, the manure is placed in the
soil, in the position of a wick in a
lamp and assists the action of cap-
illary water rather than retarding it.

The commercial fertilizer used
principally for potatoes is a 3-10-4
of a 2—8-10. The 3-10-4 fertilizer
demonstrations applied at 400 lbs.
per acre gave? an average increase
this year of 45 bushels per acre and
at a cost of $7.25 per acre or at a
cost of 16 cents a bushel, for fall
price of fertilizer.

The Irish Cobbler rs a good qual—
ity, usually good yielding, early var-
iety. It is somewhat later than the
Early Ohio, the other standard early
variety of' potatoes. The planting
date for early potatoes should be as
soon as danger of severe frost is
past in the spring. A good rule to
follow would be plant your early
potatoes before you plant your cats.
The rate per acre, at least 12 bu.
per acre, 15-18 inches apart in hills,
rows. three feet apart should be heav-
ier on early plantings than on late

on account of the danger of the frost

killing the ﬁrst growth and if good
sized seed pieces are used there is
suﬁcient plant food to start ‘ new
growth. Where there is danger of
 when plants are small, 2 or 3

.mch'es, high, run through ﬁeld with

a, two wheeled cultivator, shovel set

it;,ninst  prim V

. A I as so ' "FA an sh

\

MontgometYWard f? G’." 

on)   M

New Spring Catalogue I.

READY

for You

Send the Coupon Below
for Your FREE Copy

It is completed. The new Catalogue for Spring is

now ready.

Months of work searching for bargains, experts visit-
ing all the markets of America, better and still better

values .
YOURS Free.

Now the book is complete.

And one copy is

In all our Fifty Years’ Service to the American Public
we have never offered you better values—bigger bargains
in dependable, serviceable goods and larger savings for you.

It is the duty of every thrifty man, of every prudent
woman, to take advantage of this offer and send the

coupon below for this new
complete catalogue.

Everything for the Home,
the Farm and Family

For the Man: Suits of all
virgin wool, as ‘low as $14.95.
Everything else a man wears of
equally high quality at corre-
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thing a man uses from tools to
farm machinery at a saving.

For the Woman: The best
New York Styles in all kinds of
wearing apparel. Everything
needed to make a house a home.
Everything a woman buys for
home, herself or children—and
always at a saving.

We repeat—one copy of this
Catalogue is yours Free. Don’t
you, at least, miss the pleasure,
the surprising bargains, the big
saving that may just as well be
yours. Send this coupon back
today! " '

Mentgomery Ward 81. Co.

CHICAGO roar WORTH
,msas crrv

Pong-am, on. ST. Faun

 
Your Orders Shipped
Within 48 Hours

We have perfected our service for You.

After much work, and study, originat-
ing and testing new systems, and cm-
ploying experts, we have a system that
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Practically every order is now actu-
ally being shipped and on its way to the
customer in less than 48 hours.

Lower prices, better merchandise, and
now a 48 hour service. True it is indeed
that “Montgomery Ward & Co., the
Oldest Mail Order House, is Today the
Most Progressive.”

 
Mail the coupon below to the
one of our ﬁve houses
that is nearest you.

I..__________.____.

To MONTGOMERY WARD 85 CO.
Dcpt— 1 1 “H
Chicago, Kansas City, St. Paul, Fort Worth,
.. I Portland, Ore. (Mail this coupon to the house
nearest you.)

Please mail me my free copy of Montgomery
Ward’s complete 1923 Spring Catalogue.

I.)
l_ch~.ao-coo-o...-vacuole-nonooooconoo-

 
u ' .‘y‘
. , .
Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......:
L 5


  it made no

' Ont limit;

‘story the way he does.

_ factors in Mr. Ford’s success.

(.

;-'f"f<‘26'o'>u  ‘ 

-. 5(COntinued-rfrorn

Jan. ‘6th issue) ' ' 1
though‘

more racing
cars the Ford
company enjoyed
prosperity with;-
‘ like- .
wise the automr-bile feverggrew to
white heat in Detroit. Fortunes were
made quickly and lost as quickly, but
through all the excitement Henry
Ford clung to his policy of making
a good car at the lowest possible
price. In 1916 Mr. Malcomson sold
his interest in the company to Mr.
Ford and turned his time and at—
tention to his coal business; Had
he held his stock until 1919 and
sold it then at the same price paid
Mr. Couzens he would have received
$62,500,000. Mr. Malcomson is a
man of wealth, however, although

V he did not make a dollar out of the

company he founded and which has
made other men multi—millionaires.
Writers frequently .come to him" for
his story. “If‘youwill let me send
that around the world I will make
youfamous,” Olin journalist told him.
“Think of what you are missing!
This is your biggest opportunity."

Mr. Malcomson laughed. “You
don't understand,” he explained. “I
do not want fame or newspaper no-
toriety either. Why, the most fun I
get is listening to what people say in
hotels and on trains. I've heard
more versions of how the Ford com—
pany was started than you could
think up in a year. Sometimes the
story is so pathetic that it almost
brings tears to my eyes; some times
it is so funny that I almost laugh
in the speaker's face. ~ I wouldn’t
miSs all this fun for anything.”

.Mr. Couzens left theFord com—
pany on November 1, 1915, a month
befOre the Peace. Ship sailed, but
continued as a director of: the com—
pany until September 1, 1919, when
he sold his interest in the company
to Mr. Ford for thirty million, dollars.
As 'mayor of Detroit Mr. Couzens has
made a name ,er himself, partic-
ularly by the ﬁght he won for mu—
nicipal ownership of‘the street car
lines. He is sponsoring a municipal
hospital that in, plan and purpose
will be wonderf 1, and, he has at
every opportunity champoined the
cause of the people of his city.

After the twelve years’ connection
with the Ford company the Dodge
brothers, notiﬁed Mr. Ford in Feb—
ruary, 1915 that they did not care
to handle'the work. longer, their con-
tract, expired in June. They later
began the manufacture of their own
car and sold their interest in the
Ford company to Henry Ford and his
son for $25,000,000 each. It is re—
ported that the holdings of the Gray
estate were sold for $27,000,000.

Ill * 3k I"

A young university graduate who
expected to be' advanced rapidly in
the Ford service, remarked one day,
“If I had Henry Ford’s money I’d
never prowl around the Rouge fac-
' All I'd know
about the Ford industries would be
What‘l read in the newspapers.”
His -‘iprow1ing around” is undoubt—
edly has been one of the important
' From
the beginning no one in his employ
worked harder than he, and no one
works harder today.
-lieves" that wealth is trust and he
strives to use it accordingly, for the

Mr. Ford be?

betterment of the workers in the
Ford industries. He prefers to raise
industrial standards rather than to
make more millions by exploiting
his workers. His inﬂuence extends
far beyond his own plants and has
proved a boonto the working classes
generally.

He holds the affection of the mass
of his workmen as no other large
employer can hope to. How he will
stand by a man was demonstrated in
the case of Emde in the Ford-New—
berry senato’rial race. This incident
which contributed to Mr. Ford’s de-
feat will be told in a subsequent
chapter. The Ford employes are
generally “well ﬁxed." They have
bank accounts, they own securities
and many of them own their homes.
The real test of a man’s popularity
is in his home neighborhodd, where
he isxbest known. Mr. ‘Ford is re—
markably popular in Detroit; the
mention of his name brings enthusi—
astic applause and his appearance at
a large gathering has, on more than
one occasion brought the throng to
its feet cheering. Mere money could
not do this. His popularity is
founded on the fact that he is recog—
nized as the friend of the common
people—and that gives him a tre—
mendous personal following through-
out the country. This popularity
has made him the target of criticism,
but the best answer to the critics of
Mr. Ford’s methods is found in the
fact that there never has been a
strike in any of the Ford industries

during the nearly tWenty years of
' their life—not even in the coal ﬁelds

he owns. .

Mr. Ford's activities in behalf of
his employees are enthusiastically
supported by Jack Henkel , his em—

ployment manager at the Highland '

Park plant. Henkel is honest and
capable, but the heart and brain of
the Ford system is Henry Ford him—
self, As is inevitable in such a large
organization inequalities sometimes
creep into the system. Those placed
in authority have not always been
loyal to their trust. But Mr. Ford
is always 011 the alert and wrongs
are quickly righted once they are de-
tected. _ ‘

When the ﬁve—dollar wage was put
in effect at the Ford plants thousands
of workmen were attracted to De-
troit, many more than could be given
employment. Much distress resulted.
Mr. Ford called in a trusted friend
and gave him $50,000 with the re—
quest that the friend investigate con-
ditions quietly and use the money
to relieve the wants of the unemploy-
ed. None of those aided knew from
whom the money came. Mr. Ford
instinctively dreads notoriety and
has an iron-clad rule that his name
must not be connected with what he
gives.

' The wonderful achievements of the
Ford factories are known Wherever
manufacturing is known. Industrial
experts from far and near have come
to Detroit to study the Ford methods.
Many of these men have labored in
the Ford plants to better acquaint
themselves with the workings ’of the
system. Such a man was K. Mim-

Secures. Complete Control of Company—Five Dollar Wage—Refuses War~ Orders

aura, employment manager of the
Sumitonio lcopper works at Osaka,
Japan. Although, he worked for the
Ford company for some time his
identity was not learned until he re
signed to return to Japan where he
is now in charge of a large foundry
and smelter. He left behind him in
Detroit many friends and a trail of
Japanese fans which he had ordered
made in Osaka.

Early in the war a German baron
went to Detroit and wanted to order
ﬁve hundred Ford cars for immediate
deliversﬂ , ,

“Mr. Ford is not willing to ac-
cept-war orders,” he was told.

"I understand all that,” the baron
replied impatiently, “but how long

will. it take you to make the ﬁve ‘

hundred cars?

Quite patiently the company of-
ﬁcial explained'again Mr. Ford’s de-
termination. This was beyond the
baron’s comprehension. “Don’t jest
with me he declared,” “I want to.
place this order today. I am willing
to pay your price. When can the
cars be delivered?"

“It is now noon,” the ofﬁcial told
him. “It would take until 4 o’clock
to make the ﬁve hundred cars. But
Mr. Ford has issued orders that no-
thing will be manufactured for war
purposes. That is his- order. The
only condition that would make him
change it would be America’s entry
into the conﬂict.” When America
did enter the war the German baron
probably recalled what he had been
told in Detroit. _

A French commissioner who came
with a war order had. a similar .ex-
perience. He.was shown through
the plant. “Time them,” said his
guide as they stood watching the
ﬁnished cars rolled away by the me-
chanical starter. “A ﬁnished car
every twenty-nine seconds. Take out
your watch and time them.” The
Frenchman did, but he got no cars.

Throughout the country many
plants worked day and night during
the war turning out munitions and
other military supplies. The Ford
plant was unique in that no work
was done on Sunday. “My ,men
must have their day of rest,” Mr.
Ford ruled. “We can do our full
part without breaking the fourth
commandment.” And they did. -- To—
day one out of every ten of, his em—
ployees is a returned soldier and
half of these veterans are physic—
ally disabled. Henry Ford is still
doing his part. . <

CHAPTER VI.
The Peace Ship

The facts about the Peace Ship——
how the idea was presented to Henry
Ford; the theory of what could be
accomplished and the results, direct
and indirect, of the undertaking,
make a story far different from that
believed by, perhaps, the majority of
people. The true account set forth
in the following pages was given the
writer by persons in a position to
know the. facts, and,every state-
ment has been veriﬁed. Instead
of criticism and ridicule Henry
Ford deserves commendation for

t
»

- ",   ‘To
' takesthe’ titra'; e
mission at peace

for good rea~
sons. This, leader
withdrew from the party before the

. ship sailed and let Mr. Ford to en—

dure the criticism and censure alone.
Much as we may deplore the spec-
acular manner that marked the un-
dertaking, the three hundred thou-
sand dollarsg,‘,':=that it cost was not
money PWas‘te’d. As will "be shown
later the «country proﬁted by Mr.
Ford’s expenditure. - .

Rebecca Shelley and Angelica Mor-
gan, two<American women writers,
one a delegate to The Hague Peace
Conference in 1915, and the other
also ran  ardent peace advocate,
brought back to this country the re-
port that' 'Europe'vvas 'weary of war,
and that the‘battling natiOns were
all- eager for peace. These women
believed that if a delegation repre-
senting neutral countries were sent
to Europe the way could be paved
for peace negotiations. They want—
ed President Wilson to appoint Miss
Jane Addams of Chicago as Amer-
ica’s representative.

Both women tried to see the pres-
identland also endeavored to have
him receive Miss McMillan, a prom-
inent English woman, then in Amer-
ica and Madame .Schwimmer, 'an
Austrian, who, claimed to possess
documents of vital importance in
‘any- eﬁort to end the war. Failing
to‘ reach the president, Miss Shelley
and Miss Morgan went to Detroit to
see Henry Ford, who, they knew,
was close to President Wilson. They
failed again, but they did meet and
talk with a number of prominent
Detroiters;~also they secured the co-
operation of a number of active club
women. 3

As ' last resort Miss Shelley and
Miss organ went to the ofﬁce of
the Detroit NeWs to enlist the sup-
port of that paper. To thewthen
editor-in-chief, E. G. Pipp,'tii_ey stat-
ed their case thusz‘ “Jane Addams
is willing to go to President Wilson
and lay before him? all the infer-ma-
tion she secured at" The .Hague ‘con-
cerning the sincere pgde‘sn-e of .f;the
Europan nationsjfto end the war.
President Wilson has refused to‘I‘See

her. Miss McMillan has proof that.
the Allies: want peace." Madame
Schwimmer has .documents 'vzhiich

show that the Entente will enter'into
peace negotiations. These women
must return home unless-the presi-
dent sees them soon. At the rate
the war is progressing America will
soon become involved.”

Mr. Pipp went- into his private of-
ﬁce and, soon was talking to Mr.
Tumulty, the ‘ presidentrs secretary.
“Your information must be incor-
rect,” Mr. Tumulty told him. When
Mr. Pipp repeated the story just told
him. “President Wilson has'not re-
fused Miss .tAddams an interview.

- Perhaps if She makes another effort

to see him ,it can be arranged. The
president, can receive only dele‘ga—i
tions including representatives from
both sides in the conﬂict. They
must bring with them authentic in-
formation.” ‘

Mr. Pipp then got into communi-
cation with Miss Morgan and Miss
Shelley. Madame Schwimmer came

(Continued on page‘23) .

 
is omnnitt'ed here

h i s . endeavor; -
The. person who.
persuadedr Mr. _

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'_ ,1 did.

' I can see with my lantern.

i

" _ some material to quarrel ’bout for
“a month or so an’ help to make their
-- pay-check look larger at the end of

— tore—yes an’

' you an" I’ll cuss some under our

- an’ defy the gover’ment’ congress—

- work for small pay, banks’ll prosper M

 
  little wan-e, .hei-n’ gifted 3

, has te‘say. ~ . ,
’ An’ you know, I kinda believe in . v

1- Mr. Hays but that don’t make Fatty V

7 is bit different then he wuz when he

~ “ pulled the party, where Virginia '
- rename met her death. He’s jest the >

,there ain’t revealed to me so much

whoa there!
_. oia session of legislatur' ’at tried to

years where such things don’t mat—

' wick-s burned put an’ I,’_r_n all, in the

j. r;'- Cordial-ly yours, U No L E

“ Ruiﬁzﬂz.‘ .. ‘3  _. . -~ .,
“K, s; 

 
 A ironstone:er

that way, I take my lantern an’ '
go out anﬁsee what the stars ;

stars? Not so much in movie stars,
not since “Fatty” Arbuckle, wallace
Reid, Mary Miles Minter an’ several
other-s- have fallen from grace—
'oourse Fatty has been reinstated by ‘

same ’0] Fatty he wuz then—so you
see I don’t go by movie stars as

I am jest given you what’s reveal-
ed to me by readin’ the stars what

’ This bein’ kind of a dark night

as there ort to be but I take 'it as
it comes an' give it accordin’.

One of the great calamities ’at I
see, ﬁrst an’ ioremose is the meetin'
of the legislatur’. A lot‘ of men git
together an’ squabble an’ ﬁght for
four months to do what ort to be
done in thirty days easy. .

They'll pass laws ’at nobody un-
derstand-s, repeal laws we’ve already
learned, give work to courts an to
city commissioners, raise taxes——
Say did you ever hear

lower taxes? No, by my whiskers!
Ya never did—they jest try and see
how much money can be raised an’

then work overtime to see hOW they 0

can spend it.

Well, the stars sex they’ll be in
operation any way so we might as
well git ready for that. '

An’ then I see, by aid of my 01’
lantern ’at some of~our good citizens
’11 try to git a law passed to make
the sale of beer an’ light wines’legal.
‘Co-urse that won’t out much ﬁgger
but it will give our law makers

the session.

Oh I_ see a lot of things in the
stars—not movie stars ya under-
understand—‘cause they’r lots to be
seen there but I’m getting ’long in

ter so I’m sort of tryin’ to iorgit
’em—but in the every day life——
well'sta-rs tell a whole lot of things
it we only read ’em right.

And so this year, spite of the leg-
islatur’, spite of a good many other
things not so bad, its goin to be
a party fair year after all.

F-olk’ll git married, babies'll be
born, many’ll die ’at never died be—
be buried without
hope-——grafters’ll ply their trade?
coal miners’ll talk strike an’ prob’ly
will strike and’ coal’ll be high an’

breath—coal operators ’11 wax rich

men’ll set tight an’ let things run
along. Mr. Pres’dent Harding ’11
ask for more power an’ not use the
power he already has to control
things. Henry Ford ’11 pay the big-
gest wages of any man in this
country an’ make more money than
any of ’em, women will wear skirts
long and short—4jest as they feel,
but most oi.’ 'em ’11 tail to vote when
they have the chance—grass'll grow
where it has always grown, farmers
'11 git «the small end of the deal ’cause
they don’t hang together as they
should, divorces van’ re'marrages’ll
continue, wives ’ll shoot and poison
their husbands as lovers an' go free.
Fatty Ambmckle ’11 come back, Wallie
Reid Thth well, bootleggers ’11..keep ‘
on doin’ business, dope ’ll be ped-
dled, preachers 'll preach, grafters '11
graft. .ﬂappors ’11 ﬂap. teachers "11

and thieves ’ll git in their work
often an’ vanish. In fact ’cordin’ to
the stars seen by my lantern this
yeah-'11 be 'bout the same as other
years only more so—shucks the ol'

  
' T‘s-5J5;
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immnumuuuiumuluuuuumuuumnumnmumuuuuumuuuuuumumumIumumnuuumuumuuuuuuuunmmlunuuuummuuumllmllIllllmmuuuu uummmuuumumummumulmuuuuummmmmun"mmmmmmummummm“5".me "mm .1

.J

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Let me send you my new a? ‘
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make great savings at wholesale—dir-
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: 30 Days hid—Don't Ilsk a Penn!
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’ ' . ..

   
u

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I.
l

    
‘ A
>zu.

  
2 tion or quibble.
. 500.00083tisﬁedcustomers.

 Balm-Intestines
1219:! send naAme and
I a run. postal
‘ will do. w. C. Dewina.

  
‘ Cream Checks L.
The Only
Harvest That Lasts

the Year ’round

The winter winds may blow,
but the well-cared-for dairy
herd produces valuable but-

ter-fat from one year’s end to
the other. And the checks you
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in mighty handy every week.

McCormick-Deering

[BALL-BEARING] '

Primrose
Cream Separators

are found on many farms, helping the
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milk, and in good condition to bring
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y

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY
Chicago

93 Branch House: and I5, 000 Dealers in the United States

of America

(Incorporated)

llmmmlllllllllllllIllmilllllllllﬂlmlllﬂllﬂmlllmllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIImlllllllillllllllllllllll IllllllllllllllllI"llllllllllllllllllllllllllillmllﬂllIIlllllllmlllllllllllllllllllIIIIllllllllllllllilllllllllIIlIll"IlIlllllIlllllillllmlllllllll

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H EMSTITO
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tits any sewmg machine-

HING AND PIGOTING ATTACH:
' ' price $2.00;
extra. BRIIQIGMAN SALES

pars oaks, 100
AGENCY, Box 881, Buffalo. N.

 
CORD-WOOD SAW FRAMES
suzz ssw FRAMES. ,anoEs. MANDRELS

, es, wood-working machinery, etc.
every description. Low
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, o
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Write  M. WETTSCHUB-

ACK. La Fayette. Indians.

NATU RAL
pounds

g 1.7 ;
Ends 81.26; 10

when

TUBA‘ ICO

LEAF TOIAOCO. climate 5
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U ON. Psduah.
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. ' 10 lbs. 2.00; 20 lbs. 3.50.
‘125 $1."!l5‘s lbs. 38.08. Fri

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—5 for re " Bend no money. P
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10

 
CHEWING. 5‘

 
“The slave man." "haMEsi, S115- idoalohi)’ 300 20 d
un . _; Donn - .1 Donn s
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9
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11 w——' 3- lbs. chewing or 5 lbs. mo $1.06
ﬁnish. migmrs ,rossooo Assohcnfsrron.
wes'jne. .

‘ ‘ ‘51wmy—WrﬁmmWWTWVWVT'WVWWWW

 
045k for a

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most out of your year
’round cream check“har-
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USA

 
.w‘ .y

I Q 1 :Il“

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WE PAY $200 MONTHLY SALARY. FURN-
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682, Springﬁeld, 11.

l

AGENTS—SELL WOLVERINE LAUNDRY

Soap. A wonderful repeater and good proﬁt-maker.

Free automobile to hustlers. WOLVERINE SOAP
00., Dept. E3, Grand Rapids, Mich.

 
PLANTS AND SEEDS

STRAWBERRY PLANTS-— 4 PER THOUS-
and. Guaranteed strictly ﬁrst sass. 17 years ex-
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J. E. HAMPTON & SON. ﬁor, Mich.

 
STRAWBERRY AN FOR SALE. -
tor Dunla . Gi 11 Dr. Bin-rill, 60 can‘t)?»
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FRUIT TREES, GRAPE VINES. PLANT
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RED CLOVER NICE PURPLE sEEo
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FARM AND LANDS

THE GREAT NORTHERN RAIL.
8.000 miles of railroad in 31111121;st N'dr‘tls:
Dakota, Monizna. Idaho; Washinzinn and Oregon.

 
In this‘ vast empire lands are cheap. Send for free
rhook describing. rain lands dai ' , '
‘snd shock raismz'g. E "1393315

. . Y,‘ r
cultural Development Agent, D t. 95,
9D St. Paul.

 
'1

HELP WANTED 

 
IF YOUR FARM OR COUNTRY HOME IS .

-Jr sale. . in us. 0 co
GLQVgiitpaND “FARM AGENCY. Powers.

 
minimilumm ' “  V

  
 '1'6 (264)

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II FINE FIIR COAT

MedefremYOlll' Own

Horse or Cow Hlde.
We make this cost to measure
from the hide you send. Write
us for special low price.
Any Klnd of Skln
We make up any kind of skin to
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Also Ladlee' Coats and
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Why sell cheep!
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1
v n w book. ab ut 230 pages—
If M n TXNNIN
LEATHER MAKth
—-price onl 81.0 ).
' tive folder roe.
' . A. R. HARDING.
, Dept. 8. columbm,

 
Publisher.
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BUSINESS FABMEB

    
The Hunted Womaﬁi

T HE . it Ionic As  {Isl-HESS.”

  
{Fairsa**

By James Qliver Curwood i

Michigan’s Own and America’s Formost Author of the Great Northeast!
(Copyright by Junes Oliver Cur-wood I 5

     
l

SYNOPSIS

Cache. the. home of “The Horde," where she has no friends and all will be

JOANNE GRAY is one of the passengers on the train bound for Tete Jaune -

strange to her.

goes in search of food and a bath.

The train stops at a town composed of several tents, she

She is directed to “Bill’s Shack" and

here she meets Bill Quade. who not only owns and operates “Bill’s Shack” but

is also leader of the lawless men of the town.
can rent and that he will show it to her.
Pewoomer enters the doorway leading on“ the street.
He sees the strange girl enter the place and

Aldous, a well‘ known novelist.

Quade says he has a room she
As they pass out of the room a.
The newcomer is John

believes she has made a mistake and as he stands in the doorway his eyes.

rest upon the curtained doorway through which they have passed.
moment the girl steps out, face ﬂaming and eyes ﬂashing.

her apologetically'.

In but a.
Quade follows

He starts to offer the girl money but before he can do so
Aldous steps to the girl’s side and ﬂoors Quade with a terrifﬂc blow.
hurries the girl away from the scene to the home of friends.

Aldous
Joanne tells

Aldous she is going to Tete Jaune to ﬁnd her husband. Mortimer FitzHugh.‘
Aldous decides to go with her to protect her from Quade and his partner

Culver Rann.

clares he has seen the grave.

Aldous believes FitzHugh is dead and locates a friend who do—
Upon their arrival at Tote Jaune they are

met by friends of Aldous. the Blacktons, at ‘whose place they are to stay dur-
lng their stop. Aldous visits an old friend, Donald MacDonald and then strolls

about town.

Rann‘s home. He spys upon them.

He is on the lookout for Quade and Rann and ﬁnds them at

 
(Continued from Jan. 6th Issue.)

Swiftly and silently he went to the
rear of the house. He tried the door
and found it unlocked. Softly he
opened it, swinging it inward an inch
at a time, and scarcely breathing as
he entered. It was dark, and there
was a second closed door ahead of
him. From beyond that he heard
voices. He closed the outer door so
that he would not be betrayed by a
current of air or a sound from out
of the night. Then, even more cau-
tiously and slowly, he began to open
the second door.

An inch at ﬁrst, then two inches,
three inches—a foot—he worked the
door inward. There was no light
in this second room, and he lay close
to the ﬂoor head and shoulders
thrust well in. Through the third
and open door he saw Quade and
Culver Rann. Rann was laughing
softly as he lighted a fresh cigar.
His voice was quiet and good humor-
ed, but filled with a banter which it
was evident Quade was not appreci-
ating.

“You amaze me,” Rann was say-
ing. “You amaze me utterly. You
have gone mad—mad as a rock rab—
bit, Quade! Do you mean to tell me
you’re on the square when you oﬁer
to turn over half of your share in
the gold if I help you get this
woman?"

“I do,” replied Quade thickly. “I
mean just that! And we’ll put it
down in black an’ white—here, now.
You ﬁx the papers, same as any other
deal, and I’ll sign!"

For a moment Culver Rann did not
reply. He leaned back in his chair,
thrust the thumbs of his White hands
in his vest, and sent a cloud of smoke
above his head. Then he looked at
Quade, a gleam of humor in his eyes.

“Nothing like a woman for turn-
ing a man's head soft,” he chuckled.
“Nothing in the world like it, ’pon
my word, Quade. First it was Do-
Bar. I don’t believe we’d got him
if he hadn't seen Marie riding her
bear. Marie andher curls and her
silk tights, Quade—~s’elp me, it
wouldn’t have surprised me so much
if you’d fallen love with her! And
over this other woman you’re as mad
as Joe over Marie. At ﬁrst sight he
was ready to sell his soul for her.
So—dI gave Marie to him. And now,
for some other. woman, you're just
as anxious to surrender a half of
your share of what we’ve bought
through Marie. Good heaven, man.
if you were in love with Marie—”

“Damn Marie!" growled Quade.
“I know the time when you were
bugs over her yourself, Rann. It
wasn’t so long ago. If I’d looked at

' her then ”

 
“Of course, not then," interrupted
Rann smilingly. “That would have
been impolite, Quade, and not at all
in agreement with the spirit of our
brotherly partnership. And, you
must admit, Marie is a devilish good-
looking girl. I've surrendered her
only for a brief spell to DeBar. ,Af-
ter'he‘ has taken us to the gold—why,
the peer idiot will probably have
been sufﬁciently happy to——”

He paused, with a suggestive
shrug ofhis shoulders.

“-——-—go into cold storage,” ﬁnished

. Quade.

   
‘ "n my?

_ from where he

a silence which Aldous thought the
pounding of his heart must betray
him. He lay motionless on the ﬂoor.
The nails of his ﬁngers dug into the
bare wood. Under the palm of his
right hand lay his automatic.

Then Quade spoke. There must
have been more in his face than was
spoken in his words, for Culver Rann
took the cigar from between his lips,
and a light that was deadly serious
slowly ﬁlled his eyes.

“Rann, we’ll talk business!”
Quade’s voice was harsh, deep and
qulvering.
may be a fool, but I'm going to have
her. I might get her alone, but we
have always done things together—
It ain’t a hard job. It’s one of the
easiest jobs we ever had. Only that
fool of a writer is in the way—an’
he's got to go anyway. We’ve got
to get rid of him on account of the
gold, him an’ MacDonald. We’ve
got that planned. An’ I’ve showed
you how we can get the woman, an’
no one will ever know. Are you
in on this with me?”

Culver Rann’s reply was as quick
and sharp as a pistol shot.

“I am.”

For another moment there was
silence. Then Quade asked:

“Any need of writin’ Culver?”

“No. There can’t be a written
agreement in this deal because—it’s
dangerous. There won’t be much
said about old MacDonald. But
questions, a good many of them, will
be asked about this man Aldous.
As for the woman ” Rann
shrugged his shoulders with a sinis-

 
ter smile. “She will disappear like
the others," he ﬁnished. “No one
will ever get on to that. If she

doesn’t make a pal like Marie—after
a time, why—”

Again Aldous saw that peculiar
shrug of his shoulders. ‘

Quade’s head nodded on his thick
neck.

“Of course, I agree to that," he
said. “After a time. But"most of
'em have come over, ain’t they, Cul—
ver? Eh? Most of ’em have,” he
chuckled coarsely. “When you see
her you won’t call me a fool for
going dippy over her, Culver. And
she’ll come around all right after
she's gone through what we’ve plan-
ned for her. I’ll make a pal of her!”

In that moment, as he listened, to
the gloating passion and triumph in
Quade's brutal voice, something
broke in the brain of John Aldous.
It ﬁlled him with a ﬁre that devoured
every thought or plan he had made,
and in this madness he was con-
sumed by a single desire—the desire
to kill. And yet, as this conﬂagra—
tion surged through him, it did not
blind 0r excite him. It did not make
him leap forth in animal rage. It
was something. more terrible. He
rose so quietly that the others did
not” see nor hear him in the dark
outer room. They did not hear the
slight metalic click of the safety ,on
his pistol. . ..

For the space, of a breath he stood
and looked at them. He no longer
sensed the words Quade was utter-
ing. He was going in coolly and
calmly to kill them. There was
something disagreeable in the ligan-
ing thought that he might kill them

He saunas;

    
“I want this woman. ‘I '

  
tat 0139. ﬁrst moment'when they  I
’1‘ unit :‘erthe jpsekjrgrsmguimgmnu

would give. the'mf'but one. at *"‘ I
kill.’

he stepped out- into the'li'gliteii ‘fO‘O-in.
’ “Good evening, . gentlemenif’“ he
said. ' - ' ’ ' 
. CHAPERl‘XIII a ' ‘  

-For' a-space of. perhaps twenty
seconds after John Aldous announc-
edvhimself there was no visible sign
of life on the part of either Quade or
Culver Rann, .The latter. set stun-
ned. ’ Not the movement of .a' ﬁnger
broke the stonelike immobilitypf his
attitude. His eyes were like -- two
dark ,coals gazing steadily as a ser-
pent’s over Quade’s hunched shoul-
ders and-bowed head. Quade seem-
ed as ifvfrozen on the point-of speak-v
ing to Rann. One hand was still
poised above the table. It was he
who broke the tense lifeless tableau.

Slowly, almost as slowly as Aldous
had opened the door, Quade turned
his head, and stared into the coldly
smiling face of the man whOm he
had plotted to kill, and saw the
gleaming pistol in his hand. A cur-
ious look overcame his pouchy face,
a look not altogether of terror—but

of shock. He knew Aldous had
heard. He accepted in an. in-
tant, and perceptibly, the signiﬁ-
cance of the pistol in his hand. But
Culver Rann sat like a rock. His
face expressed nothing. Not for the

smallest part of a second had he be-
trayed any emotion that might be
throbbing. within him. In spite of
himself Aldous admired the man’s
unﬂinching nerve.

“Good evening,
repeated.

Then Rann leaned slowly forward
over the table. One hand rose to
his moustache. It was his right
hand. The other was visible. Quade
pulled himself together and stepped
to the end of the table, his two empty
hands in front of him. Aldous, still
smiling, faced Rann’s glittering eyes
and covered him.with his automatic.
Culver Rann twisted the end .of his
moustache, and smiled back.

gentlemen!” . he

“Well?” he said. “Is” itcheck-
mate?” . .
“It is,” replied Aldous. “I’ve

promised you scoundrels one minute
of life. I guess that minute is about
up."

The last word was scarcely out of
his mouth when the room was in
darkness—a darkness so complete
and sudden that for an instant his
hand faltered, and in that instant
he heard the overturning of a chair
and the falling of a body. Twice
his automatic sent a lightning—flash
of ﬁre where Culver Rann had sat;
twice it spat thread—like ribbonsvof
ﬂame through the blackness where
Quade had stood. He knew what
had happened and also what to ex-
pect if he lost out now. The curios-
ly shaped iron lamp had concealed
an electric bulb, and Rann had-turn-
ed off the switch-key under the table.
He had no further time to think. An
object came hurtling through the
thick gloom and fell with terriﬁc
force on his outstretched pistol arm.
His automatic ﬂew from his hand
and struck against the wall. ~Un-
armed, he sprang back toward the
open door——full into the arms of
Quade! '

Aldous knew that it was Quade
and not Culver Rann, and he struck
out with all the force he could gather
in a short—arm blow. His ﬁst landed-
against Quade’s thick neck. Again
and again he struck, and Quade’s
grip loosened; In another moment
he would have reached/the door if
Rann had not caught him from be—
hind. Never had Aldous felt'the
clutch of hands like‘those of the wo-
manish hands of Culver Rann.. 'It‘
was as if sinuous. ﬁngers of steel
wereburying themselves in his ﬂesh.
Before they ‘found his throat“:he
ﬂung himself backward with all-his-
weight, and with; a tremendous effert-
he freed himself. I r ‘ , ~ . 

, Both Quade and CulvervRann‘how
stood between him: and the dooruHe‘
could hear Quade’s deep, panting
breath. Rann..- as before, was" as
silent as death. Then he heard'the.
door close. A key clicked in=3the
lock. He was trapped.- 3. ~ ' 2
.“Turn . on the light Billy tithe"
hears! RMf’Wi . ' ._ ""‘ '-
K W -u < ~ ‘

    
life—just that cue. 
With his pistol“ ready in mime,

   
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i  *

  
THE FUTURE

HE indications are that orchard
planting will be extensive for at
least two years to come. Nurs-

ery men are reporting a shortage in
some varieties now, with‘ma'ny weeks
remaining before orders will cease
coming in. Peach stock is in the
lead as is to be expected, but apple
is a good second, the call for cherry
is evidence of a rapidly growing in-
terest in this fruit, while the plum is
by no means neglected. On account
of the blight the pear has been in
disfavor, but even with'that against
the fruit an unusual'number of trees
will be set next spring.

Now what will be the result of this
heavy planting? Well, for one thing
many trees will be set where they
ought not to be. Thousands of acres
will be used for orchards which bet—
ter' be kept for other purposes. The
result is a loss to the growers and
little beneﬁt to anybody, except the
nursery man who sells the stock.

But there is much to encourage
the man who is in the game to stay.
The demand for fruit is increasing.
It is no longer a luxury, but a food
necessary to the health and Welfare
of the people. Not only is the
amount consumed per capita on the
increase, but new markets are being
opened up and this will continue for
many years to come. Better means
for transportation ought soon to
bring not Only Europe, but Mexico,
South America and even South Af-
rica within reach of our apple.

At home the uses of fruits are
becoming more numerous. A few
years ago the suggestion that sugar
could be made out of apples would
now sounded ridiculous. Now it is
to be expected in the near future.
If the apple, why not other fruits?

Prohibition has increased the de—
mand for fruits and this will to
some extent continue, even though

 
l _ QUESTIONS INVITED

SKUNK AND MUSKRAT-RAISING
I have been thinking of trying
skunk and muskrat raising. My farm
is mostly work land and if I tried
muskrat I would have to make an
artiﬁcial pond. Do you think musk—
rat could be raised on grass and
green feed in the summer or would
they have to have wild grasses and
roots? Do they eat the roots of
grass in summer-'- or just the wild
grass itself? Could they be fed on
clover hay in winter? I know they
will eat quite a variety of feeds.

I have been told that it is a simple
matter for anyone to operate'on
young skunk and take away the scent
saclk. _. Is this so? Can you tell me
where there is-a skunk farm that I
can buy breeding stock from?—-In-
-qurer,.lClinton County, Michigan.
'——-There are thousands “of small
ponds, lakes, ‘marshesg etc.,- in the
state'thats it would be best to rent
or buy such rather-than to go to
much. expense to make" an artiﬁcial
pond; If «you have a place where
you can make a pond cheaply then
it will. pay. Yesmuskrat can be
raised on “grass and not green feed
in the summer" but they like roots
.I doinot think that muskrat

h loverghay, but probably

  
FUR DEPARTMENT

Edited by A. R. HARDING, America’s Foremost Author and Trapper

rightly vhandl
th (1 *

 
shamanism B’U‘si

 
Fruit
and

Orchard

QUESTIONS
INVITED

Edited by
Frank D. Wells

 
the country again becomes wet.
Fruit juices have the virtues without
the vices of the stronger beverages.

however we may look at it, the
future is bright for the grower who
will produce a good class of fruit.
As for the other kind, no sympathy
need be wasted there anyhow.

SETTING OUT PEACH TREES

I want to set out some peach trees
next spring and have not ordered the
stock. The two—years trees are much
cheaper than the three—year stock.
Would you consider them as good?
The agent wants me to take the three
year trees and says they will bear
quicker. I want fruit as soon as I
can get it.—-H. T. R., Davisburg,
Michigan.

—It is not probable that either you

or the agent or any of your neigh-
bors ever saw any three-year stock
from a nursery. Now and then
there are cut—backs’, but they are
save. Those trees were planted at
the same time which was in the fall
of 1920, they were budded in 1921
and dug in the autumn of 1922.
Those large trees are nearly over-
grown stock. Most orchard men of
experiences prefer medium trees to
the large size. Plant them side by
side. The chances are that they will
bear at the same time. As for living,

the odds are in favor of the smaller
trees.

 
TIME TO PRUNE GRAPE VINES

When is the time to prune grape
vines and when should cuttings be
made? How long would you make
them?—C. J. N., Pontiac, Michigan.
———March is the favorite month for
pruning and cuttings are made at the
same time. Make them long enough
to include three joints. Bury in a
box of moist sand, top end up, keep
in a cool place.

 
The would-be muskrat raiser had
best get the food supply under way
before getting too many muskrat for
after they are numerous they do not
allow the spreading of the food sup-
ply. It is a good plan to plant ﬂag

(cattail) sow wild“ rice, etc.,- even
before stocking up a new pond or
swamp for the muskrat will increase
faster than the food supply. Most
ponds and swamps are worth far
more, acre for acre, to raise musk-
rat than is the best of land for farm—
ing or pasturing. The time is fast
approaching when the many swamps,
ponds and small lakes will annually
be bringing to their'owners a harvest
of muskrat pelts, worth far more
than any other crop the‘ farm pro-
duces on the same number of acres,
and ‘at less’Cost. '

Mest raisers of skunk now remdve
the scent sacks Which is easily done.
The method is fully explained "and
illustrated in Fur Farming, a 278
page book; dealing with the raising
of skunk, muskrat and other fur
animals, price $1.00. ’The book can
be gotten of the Michigan Business
Farmer.

-Coo‘n and mink are two animals
that do not require much space to
raise and are also money makers it
ed. There’is room for
gen ' 1 ‘ f 7'1 " i

 
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SATURDAY. JANUARY 20. 1923

Edited and Published by
TI‘II RURAL PUBLISHING OOHPINYe, IM-
OEOROE H. SLOOUH, President
Mt. Clemens, Siobhan
“WM in New York, Chicago, St. Louis and Minneapom M
the Associated Farm Papers. Incorporated

Manber Agricultural Publishers Association
Member Audit Bureau of Circulations.

 
:Fnuk Davivrum
mm. B 0.0.00.0...-

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We will not knowingly accept the advertising of
Iny persnn or ﬁrm who we do not believe to be
thoroughly honest and reliable. Should an! Md“
have any cause for comp aint against any advertiser
' in these columns. the nu llsher would appreciate an
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"The Farm Paper of Service "

DAIRYING LEADS

BE development of the dairy industry
has been one of the bright spots in the
‘ ﬁeld of agriculture. It is today by far
the largest branch of agriculture as well as
the most proﬁtable. The annual milk crop
is close to one hundred billion pounds, the
value of which in 1922 was greater than the
output of the steel industry, more valuable
than the combined wheat, oats, cotton and
tobacco crops of that year and worth more
than all the beef cattle, hogs and sheep put
together. This gives one an idea of the
magnitude of the business, which has further
advantages in that after producing so much
wealth the original animals are still left
ready to do it over again, less fertility is re-
moved from the soil than by any other crop
or stock, and the income is steady—every
month in the year.-——F. J. Arcnd, President
of the De Laval Separator Company.

THE NEED OF A FARM CREDIT BILL

EVERAL measures are before congress at this
S very minute for the extention of credit to
the farmers of this country. Luckily, as
congress is now balanced there is little fear, but
what one of the bills will pass both branches in
record time and will ﬁnd the willing signature of
the President, who appears now to be fully
awake to the condition which farmers have
found themselves in the past two years.

Agriculture offers, the ﬁrmest foundation on
k which credit can be extended and the critics who
cry “class legislation” do not take into consider-
ation the fact that upon the farmer and his buy—
ing power depends the whole business fabric of
prosperity.

The farmer asks only some form of long-time
paper, which will permit him to buy his seed,
his fertilizer or his live stock and will not force
- him to sell the resultant product until he can
do so, on a proﬁtable basis. The common three
month loans, in the majority, fall due at ap—
proximately the same time and bankers crowding
the farmer for their money, force on the market
more that it can assimilate. We call this a
“glutted market” and so accustomed has the
whole farming business become to it, that we
heve taken it almost as a. matter of course.

The past two years have forced action on this
problem of credits and the next two months
will, we predit, see one of the greatest steps
forward ever. made in the history of American
agriculture. This may be the silver-lining to the
readjustment clouds. ‘

THE ISLE ROYALE PROJECT

0 not be lead quickly to a decision regarding
the, acquisition of Isle Royals, as a state or

A national park. This plan mentioned by the
Governor in his message, is at present the center

of a'f lively discussion in the metropolitan news?

papers and there is such a cloud of propaganda
gauche arising from both sides that it is rather
 to see; the real facts as they exist. I

' There is norquestion as to the beauty of Isle
 brightness tobeused as a. great natural
‘ (tithe? that was ».cor.uebe.tpund

only by .

your distance is hortened by improved; means
of transportation; "When Belle Island was ac-
quired by the “village” of‘ Detroit those who

oppbsed it probably pointed out the fact, that ‘

few would "ever paddle their canoes that distance
to have a. picnic! ‘ ' .

The real question is, how can it be acquired,
either by the state of Michigan or the national
government withdut increasing present high
taxes? It has been suggested that the copper
company which owns-it, should give it to the
state for some concessions which would not in-
volve the spending of any sum of money at the
present time. Other plans too have been sug-
gested, but the one that seems to us most logical,
unless the national government should .buy it
with present appropriations, is that some living
citizen or group of citizens should buy it, present
it to the state and thus imortalize their names.

No credit can be given anyone for opposing
some solution of a plan to retain for the coming

generations one of the real gifts of the Almighty .

to mankind.

CURBING THE STOCK SALESMAN

ILLIONS of dollars worth of now worthless
stock was sold in Michigan by glib, easy-
talking salesmen -who promised that with

a small payment down, the stock they were sell-
ing, would pay for itself, from the dividends
which it earned. .

Farmers and city folks alike, took the bait;
hook, line and sinker; paid ten per cent down,
gave their note for the balance and hoped to
pay up their notes with the dividend checks which
the salesmen “promised” would be forthcoming,
usually within a month, sometimes before the
end of the year. x

There is a. bill before the present legislature
which will put a. good stiff bit in the mouth of
every man who goes out to sell stock. It will
make him liable for every statement and keep
him properly tagged where the authorities can
nab him when he slips back into any of his old,
loose habits.

It may be a little late to lock the barn door
so far as the farmer is concerned, because we
are not exercised at the moment over the amount
of stock being sold to farmers at this time, but
with the more» prosperous days which are ﬂirting
with us just ahead, it will be a. mighty good
protection for the future.

AGOODTIMETOPUTTOOLSINSHAPE

GOOD many harsh and rather pointed re-
marks have been made about the farm ma-
chinery that ones sees standing in the ﬁelds

where farmers left it when the last season’s pro-
gress made it no longer necessary.

We do not like to believe, that farmers are, as
a class, any less frugal or careful with their tools
and machinery than any other group of out-door
workers, but often an example of utter wasteful-
ness is driven home to you as you pass a hay-
loader, a mower or a. binder, standing in an open
ﬁeld half buried by winter snows. '

Our cover picture this issue suggests that now,
in January, is a mighty good time to take inven-
tory, look over your machinery, repair it where
it needs repairing and cover it with rust resisting

oil or other preparation so it will be all ready for

use next spring and summer.

THE LONG WINTER EVENINGS

HE folks on the farm, of all people, are to be
T envied for the privilege of the long winter
evenings, if the family knows how to enjoy
them. ’ '
Good books, magazines, a game or some music
while the ﬁre crackles and the snow goes scurry-
ing by the windows! That's contentment and if

contentment is happiness, and happiness is all‘

we on earth are striving for, then indeed are we
rich, altho we have but few of the luxuries.

Now, has been added to the joy of the long
winter evenings on the farm a thrill for those
who are fortunate enough topossess the modern
Alladin's lamp, 9. radio receiving set.

A few wires strung out towards the barn. A
littlebundle of electric equipment that is not so
expensive but what the average farmer in Mich—
igan can aﬂord it and yet here is the key to the
whole world of entertainment and education.

Father and the boys canibuild a good radio set
and put it in operation. ‘There are few small
towns where this equipment is not sold and the
catalog houses‘ all list the complete or paitly

. ormlpleted outﬁts. .

' We in Michigan are particularly, fortunate be-
cause Detroit has; two -of the best sending sta-
.tions in the}:

#39 Ht

ountry. operated. by‘ treat themes} .

fgliiéagblsirfmiwiu’kéef _ rein.-. . , .
 M, 1m  8 is alreaﬂyfbrm ‘ M .  :
Ourredie editor, Mr.
' the state,.carrying his receiving outﬁt anddeman; \ ’
strafing it before local gatherings of farmers
to whom he explains it mysteries. If he gets in
your neighborhood do not fail to hear him or if
your local church or organization want him for
ran—evening, write him in care of this paper.

It will make the long, winter evenings even

brighter for us when we know there is a radio re— ; > “

ceiving set in the home of every one of Our
readers.‘ ‘ — ‘ I

YANKS FROM THE REINE RETURN
T didn’t take long after France had announced
~ her intention of occupying the Ruhr district.
for the powers that be at Washington to de-
cide that, after all, there was no real reason for
the more than a thousand American soldiers and
their ofﬁcers who were still keeping watch on
the Rhine, to be there.

None of the former allies take very kindly to
the program which France has set ~out to ac-
complish, and it makes the shivers run up and
down your spinal column to contemplate what
would happen if Grmany, resenting the action
of France would call upon Russia and those two
shOuld attack France, who, because of her egot-
ism had cut/off the support of her former allies.

liIIOHIGAN’S NEW INFANT INDUSTRY

VER on the west coast of Michigan there is
developing an industry which for daily
production makes Mr. Ford’s factory look

like a. piker. The “baby chick” hatcheries in the
country surrounding Holland and Zeeland,
produce live, peeping little waits of bird life
faster than your Ingersoll can tick off the sec-
onds.

Giant incubators, warmed by great coal-burn-
ing boilers, keep the vigil over millions of eggs, .
which once were intrusted to the motherly hen.
Poultry raisers have come to recognize that it is
far cheaper to buy “baby chicks” than it is to
expended the effort and run the risks of individual

Michigan now leads every state in the United
States in the production of “baby chicks’? and
the far-sighted men who have developed this
amazing industry so quickly, have brought new ,.
cleai-ms for world-fame to our state.

OUR LANSING CORRESPONDENT

VER at the state capitol, one of the‘ most in-
teresting sessions of the legislature, to
farmers especially, is now well under way.

There is more expected and more must be accom-
plished by this present legislature, than any
which has met in years. ‘

Tax reduction programs galore are toffered for
the relief of the present situation, many of them
undoubtedly to make their sponsors strong with

the home folks altho they have little excuse for
appearing as practical schemes.

For the beneﬁt of readers of The Business

a» Farmer, we will have a digest of what is being
accomplished at Lansing and our correspondent
will also be glad to answer any questions or re-
port on the voting of any individual member on
any bill.

There are two fellows we never envy and one
of them is the country doctor. To be routed out
of bed at three a. m., pull on cold shoes, hitch-up
or crank-up and drive out, miles and miles, to a
house of sadness; or even worse, to get there and
ﬁnd only a case which a tablespoon of castor-oil
the night before, would have easily cared for!
The other fellow we don’t envy is the fellow who
has to collect for the doctor!

As the riveter on the 48 story Woolworth
building said as he looked down at the street
cleaner, on the busy thorofare four hundred feet
below: “There ain't money enough to hire me
to run the risks that man does!"

The automobile tourist may enjoy the paved
roads most in'the summer, but it is the farmer
who appreciates what they mean during the
winter months. Yet, how easy it' is to forget
that long stretch of clay, the deep ruts and belly-
deep mud, when the hard road has covered it and
ironed it out! As Eb JO 8 says: “Good roads
are awful expensive, but

- A noted Frenchman i in this country teaching

, in 6"”? W379. Pm“

9t:-

 
F‘erris, is sushi: 7

 
_  pi. ‘ 'wAN'rs ‘ISLE ROYALE 
, . HE future of Isle‘Royale is at the

 " the turning of the roads. » one
ownership,’

leads to private
lumbering, ﬁre, devastation and per-
petual desolation. The other road
.leads to the purchase and preserva—
tion forever of this last bit of virgin
territory by the state. The cost
would not be excessive. With the
recently acquired tract on the ex-
tremity of Kenesaw Point this would
form an important link in our rap-

idly expanding state park system.

The more and more picturesque state

’ parks we have the more tourists will

». visit'our state, with,- resulting bene-
ﬁt to all, not in the least among
them the farmers. As the years go
‘by and such places of beauty dis-
appear from other places the more
we could appreciate the foresight‘of
our present-day legislators in pro-
.7 viding 'such a refuge. -
, Opposition to the proposed pur-
chase apparently comes entirely from
chronic peSsimists who habitually

. knock all such propositions through.

narrow-mindedness or. fear of in-
c‘reased taxation. One statement
was that it would require $4,000,000
to acduire it and twice as much to
improve it. VAocording to Governor
Groesbeck the highest cost should
not exceed $500,000 and might be
less or possibly practically nothing.
As to improving it it is highly im—
proved ‘already. There is not a foot
of road constructed suitable for a
whizzing automobile. Nature has
taken inﬁnite pains and centuries
of labor to improve it; man may de—
stroy it in a day.—Ra1ph Beebe,
Wayne County, Michigan.

ADVERTISING WILL DO IT

0 you have any means of sea

curing accurate statistics on

“results secured from advertis-
ing campaigns intended to increase
the demand for different kinds of
farm produce. ,

I am ﬁrmly convinced that intelli—
gently conducted advertising cam—
paigns would stimulate the demand
for many farm products, such as
potatoes, apples and dairy products,
to an amazing degree but I fear
it is going to require a lot of effort
before our organization leaders will
be brought to realize the importance
of, and necessity for action.

Isn’t there some city in Michigan,
where the local co-op. or farm bu-
reau would co—operate with city
dealers in conducting a. potato sell-
ing campaign, and secure fairly ac—
curate check on results?

Personal inquiry among farmers
seems to indicate that the per capita
consumption of potatoes, in the rural
districts, varies from three to ﬁfteen
bushels per year regardless of the
market value of the spud. Imagine
the result, if the national consump-
tion should increase even to ten
bushel per capita: I might add that
strange tho it may sound, in the
homes wheremost potatoes are eat-
en, the standard of living is often

-' above the average.

When one thinks of a nation wide
advertising campaign to increase
the demand for essential food pro-
ducts, one is thinking in terms of a
vast project, of course. It’s going
to require a lot of careful thought
and planning, but why delay the be-
ginning?
. The farmers' business will never

be on a-sound economic basis, until
he places it their himself, coddling
and pampering will never do more
than prolong slightly the life of the
_weakling. But the farmers’ busi-
ness will never be upon a sound
basis until he adopts modern busi-
ness methods—Lisle E. Berry
Sec’y—Treas. Cheboygan County Farm
Bureau.

Mr. Berry has, in the above letter,
struck at a very vital point in the
whole present marketing proposi-
tion and one in which the Business
a Farmer is greatly interested: There
> actually exists in Michigan an op-

.."iportunity ~to advertise beans, _
‘ " instance, to the great consuming
 of America, which is as obvi-

f a" ’ practical as any staple now
' vertised by the growers' as-
‘ or California. Citrus fruit

 :to' stair-gt;1 the haw

101 mi

' into the ditch.)

"for r

' I A , s
..._ m EM:

‘ crease the use of oranges, ‘iemfons

and‘i'grape-fruit.‘ Their sucCess was
so instantaneous and pronounced,
that now prune, walnut, almond, and
raisin growers of California adver-
tise their products regularly in the
neWspapers and magazines Which
reach particularly the great city
markets.

If, as Mr. Berry points out, the
average consumption of potatoes
could be increased to ten bushels
per capita, there would actually be
a potato shortage in the United
States today! Can you imagine such
a condition under present circum-
stances. Yet, probably a half-a-cent
a bushel would have created a fund
which would have screamed, hol-
lered and repeated f‘EAT POTATOES
EVERY MEALI", from every may
azine, newspaper and bill-board in
the country. '

There are a hundred and ten mil-
lions of people in these United States
and they .are easily reached because
they all speak the same language.
They are in the habit of buying
what they see advertised, because
they have come to realize that no
inferior article can continue to be
advertised, but the more advertising,
the more sales and consequently the
lessened cost to the consumer.

Michigan could afford a navy bean
advertising campaign of her own,
because she produces more than
70% of all the beans sold in Ameri-
ca. In a potato ca'mpaign she would
be joined by Wisconsin, Maine and
other states. The Business Farmer
power to the carefully planned test—
out of a campaign to increase the
sale of any product grown on ,the
farms of Michigan, through adver-
tising direct to the consumer. Let
us hear from those who are with
us or have suggestions for such a
plan.

DEDICATED '10 ALL TRUE
PATRONS 0F HUSBANDRY

ITY the farmer! Of course you do.
What else could a human being
do? With taxes up and prices

down, on- everything he hauls to
town. He trys to think of the terrible
cost of hours of labor that he has
lost, for a bumper crop that they
didn't need that wouldn’t pay for the
cost of seed. And a tear goes trick-
ling dOWn his face, as he grates his
teeth and quickens his pace. For
he knows that the interest has’got
to come, or, he will do what some
others have done. And he turns
the alarm on the clock ahead to
shorten the hours that he stays in
bed. (The eﬁorts that should have
made him rich is, surely driving him
Then he thinks of
Mollie who was fresh as a lark,
But is now wrinkled and her face is
dark. And he thinks of the Liberty
bonds he bought, and almost wishes
he'd went and fought, and died
perhaps in that terrible hell, and
buried beside his boy that fell. Alas!
These thoughts have shattered his
pride. His hoe has fallen by his
side. “My son, to freedom’s cause
I gave.” “Must his" poor old father
be a slave? “I’ll not surrender.
I'll try once more,” as he "gets a
vision of the Ipoorhouse door. But
a great big motor goes whizzing by
on a road he paid for at a price too
high. The driver he lives in that
ﬁne abode. Why he bought the
bonds that built this road. He
opposes a tax on gasoline, because,
he's driving a big machine. “For
two cents a gallon," I’ve heard him
say “’twould cost three shillings to
drive all day.” They voted the
bonds to build the road. It’s no
more than right they should carry
the load. “And father he left me
my castle so ﬁne. He made it
lumbering Michigan pine. And I'd
spend a million to defeat that bill
fore I'd give a penny to grade that
hill." Well Molly I guess we'll
haft to roam when we lose our
heart, we lose our home. For the
mortgage is held by John McLean,
who opposes the tax on gasoline.
So we'll leave the place where our
children played, where we've loved
and enjoyed and worked and pray-
ed. And down in the valley in the
quiet shade, where God has promis-
ed the rich won’t be. you and I may
be tax  P. Barry, County
Mich; a V ‘

 
Mining German Podt'ash

Healthy Crops

tain

M agnesul.

 
42 Broadway

POTASH PAYS,

Use the latter if your tobacco
leaves are not sound.

SOIL & CROP SERVICE, POTASH' SYNDICATE
H. A. HUSTON, Manager

It has long been known that Ger-3
man Potash Salts prevented cer-
lant diseases, as well as
great y increased the quantity and
improved the quality of crops.

Scientiﬁc investigation now shows
us that not only Potash but also
Magnesia is required to prevent
certain plant diseases.

The German Potash Salts containl'
Magnesul as Well as Potash.

If you insist on having your fertil-
izer contain from 5 to 10 per cent
of Potash, derived from Genuine
German Potash Salts, you will
secure at the same time enough
magnesia to prevent plant dis-
eases due to magnesia hunger.

For Tobacco, and for those Fruits
which are injured by Chlorin, the
fertilizer should carry 10 per cent
of Potash, derived from Sulfate of
:Potash or from Sulfate of Potash

New York City

 
Special January Sale

I Felt Slippers, $1.00 :

Womf‘n’s, six colors, sizes 3 to 8 I
'Men’s, 6 to 12 i
I

I Childs’, ‘
Babys’ 5 to big 2 "  I
We have sold thousands of pairs. I
I Add 10c for post. I

. DAVIS BROS, Lansing, Mich, ' .

Keep Michigan Business Farmer
 Coming. See page 25. V,

I - Think of it. We can
 now sell Excel] Metal .
  Rooﬁng, 28
. , _. ‘. .  gated at only $3.10 per 100
sq. ft. painted. Galvanized,
only $4.80.. if you have been waiting for metal
rooﬁng prices to come down, here they are—di-
rect from factory prices—lower than you can
get anywhere else. Send for our New Catalog
coverm_ all styles Metal Rooﬁng. Siding, Shin-
gles, R ging, Ceiling, etc.. will save you money.

PREPARED ROOFING ONLY 8|”

Don't buy Rooﬁng, Paints, Fencing. Gas En nee,
Tires—anything Yyou need until you no our
latest catalog. on can see and try our rooﬁng
you p”. All sold on money back guar-
antee. Write for Money Saving Catalog today.

The [lulled Factories 09.. W33:

gnu ge corru-

 
nimion ‘ "
. edservioe. ' 
‘toda'fFR tel" 
lam.“ Mlchleegr “:3” 

Auto 8160.. um, ems

 
_   ISBEN'J.‘ *
.EV-ERA‘L letters have come to
desk recently asking me to en-
courage a discussion on the
bringing up of children. Since that
to my mind, is women’s best and
biggest undertaking. I thinkit em-
inently ﬁtting that we mothers and
teachers and fathers too perhaps,‘
exchange our ideas and speak our
, diﬁiculties. One letter will be found
in to-day’s issue, on the subject.

I. always feel particularly gentle
toward little children, born into this
world where everything is so big, so
hard to understand, so full of dog’ts,
so full of places to get hurt, so‘full
of stomach ackes and toothaches and
heartaches. If added to all this
then life is certainly not a pleasant
place. No doubt most children get
the love and gentleness they need
but we all know that there are cases
where they do not, as their are
cases"‘where not enough ﬁrmness is
shown, one is as bad for the child
as the other.

We must admit that children are
also handicapped from thestart bY
inherited characteristics, the faults

if father and mother and many fath- »

ers and mothers before them. and
We must take into. consideration that
they have much to overcome. Are
we not often aghast on coming upon
some fault or failing of our own re-
ﬂected in our youthful progeny?
Childhood is supposed'to bethe
happiest time of life and if a child
has favorable surroundings I believe
it is, but we must remember that
the disappointments of children are
'just as big to them and troubles
are just as large as ours are to us
and they have not our philosophy
that enables us to hear ours with
some degree of calmness and hope.
We have learned that nothing is
ﬁnal, that if we are good ﬁghters,
which we all need to be that we may
turn defeat into success, that, as
Kipling says, we may build again
with rusty, worn—out tools. A child

cannot see beyond the present situ-‘

ation, he has no experience to draw
from, so we must kindly and sym-'
pathetically, encourage and admon-
ish and let him know that he may
always draw upon our love and ex-
perience. ' .

Gradually his conﬁdence in our
judgement will grow and we may
be able to save him from many pit-
falls. .

I believe too, that when a parent
ﬁnds he has made a mistake it is a
good thing to own up, you can’t fool
a child very often, do you not often
wonder just what children‘thinks
about us grown ups? I believe they
' are generally to polite or too wise
to tell. 7

This little talk is just an opener,
there is much to be said but let us
hear from our readers, we might
take up topics in detail, such as:

Teaching manners.

Teaching children how to properly
care for their bodies.

How to get along with other chil-
dren.

How desirous it is to tell the truth.

How to get and keep their con-
ﬁdence.

LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS

NE of the best accomplishments
O of the League above mentioned,
was the passage of the bill in
September of 1922, providing inde-
pendent citizenship for married wo-
men. The enactment of this law re-
moved the last federal disability re-
maining after suffrage was granted.
1' will give section 1, which fully

explains the act.

“Independent citizenship of we-
men to the end that no American
citizen shall lose her citizenship by
marrying an alien, and that no alien
woman shall acquire American citi-
zenship by marrying an American
citizen, the choice of citizenship rest-
ing with the individual woman as it
rests with the individual man in the
present law.”

The passage of this act was simply
making the status of women equal
withthat of men, in obtaining'citis
zensh‘ip, and on. it’s face it. mani-

4 feetly fair". ‘ Sometimes. a peculiar.

A i _ ‘casebrin'gs the matter to-our minds.

I have a friend-who. was born in

Canada, coming here as achild; with-

herzparents,‘ she liyedhere 50 years;
unmarried, , and “then-{found I that she.

’was "not‘a’citizen‘ and the only way -

Shecouldvbecojn’ie o, e was to marry.

git/American citizenl; I-Iér‘ mother, - «-

my ‘

‘Vl-K

  Ahepartment

  q‘. ‘ -, K  !‘

Edited by , MRS. GRACE NELLIS JENNE‘

brothers and married sisters were
all citizens, but she could never be-
come one (unless married) altho a
loyal and patriotic American. This
is just one of the good things the
League‘has put thru.

POEMS MAY BE FOUND
N the M. B. F., of December 23
I notice a request for the poems,
Brier Rose and Lasca. Both of
these poems are found in a book
called, “The Speaker’s Library.”
It is an old ‘book. I have had mine
about thirty years. It was edited
by Daphne Dale and published by

other a philosopher and scholar liv-
ing in Rome. ’ ’ ‘

The book deals with the three
years of Christ’s active ministry and
is most beautifully written and rev-
Kerently expressed. ,

It makes the ‘claim that Mary
Magdalene was the Mary, who was
the sister of Martha and, Lazarus,
this point has been often disputed.
It gives a ﬁrst hand description of
the raising from the dead of Lazarus,
with new details, also a conversation
and description of Saul of Tarus,
later Paul the Apostle, and many
other details which I cannot take

HOW DID YOU REST LAST

OW did you rest last night?
I’ve hard my Grand'pap say
Them words a thousand times,
that’s right—
Jes’ them words thataway,
As punctual-like as morning dast
To ever heave in sigh
Grand’pap ’ud allus haf to ast—
“How did you rest last night?”
Us young-nus used to grin
At breakfast on the sly,
And mock the wobble of his chin
And eyebrows helt so high

And kind: “How did you rest last
night?”
We’d mumble and let on
Our voices trimble and our sight
Wuz dim and hearing gone.
Bad as I nst to be
All" I’m a wanting is
As pure and calm a sleep for me
And sweet a sleep as his. , '
And so I pray on Jedgement Day
To wake and with it’s light
See his face dawn and hear him
say—
“How did you rest last night?"
. -—Riley.

 
Elliot 1/4 Beezley, Chicago, Ill., and
Philadelphia, Pa.

We have been reading the M. B.
F., about two years and I always
enjoy the Home Department.

I would like to have discussed in
this department the subject of train-
ing children. I try to teach and
train my children in the right ways
but they are so "‘harum-scarum,”
not at all the little “lady and gentle—
man” that some people think chil-
dren should be and I wonder if I
am failing in my duty in this respect.

Wishing all a Happy New Year.—

Mrs. Maude Bacon.
A er asks me whether the author
of the above mentioned book,
Wm. Schuyler, really wrote the book
from the letters mentioned in the
translator’s note or Whether the let-
ters themselves are imaginary. I
have written a Mr. Chislom of Ver-
mont who helped Mr. Schuyler in the
translation according to the author’s
note, for information. This is a
matter of general interest to all who
know the book so I publish the re-
quest. The book is co‘mposed of let-
ters written in Latin, originally, be-
tween two Roman citizens, one an
officer in the army of Caesar and the

UNDER PONTIUS PILOT ‘
READER of the Business Farm-

space to enumerate. If the letters
are genuine, it is a valuable book,
if fectitious then compelling piece of
imagery but without historical value.

Any information that I am able
to obtain will be published. I would
advise any one to read the book

genuine or not. It is well wo
the time spent in reading it.

whether the letters are found to bej
rt

HE REMEMBERED THE BIRDS

V HRISTMAS as I was [taking a
walk in a place where farmer’s
respective woOdlots join mak-
ing 'a tract of some ,200,acres of
forest, I was following a wood-trail
of a neighbor and my attention was
attracted to the numerous quail
tracks, all seemed to' be going in
the same direction I was. Suddenly
they ﬂew up—two large ﬂocks cf
them—and I saw a place under some
ash trees where several square rods
of snow and leaves had been turned
over by them. I looked to see if
there were many 'seeds on the ground
and I disc0vered that my neighbor
had sown wheat all over the place,
and this was what the birds were
after. This was a very immaterial-
act in itself, i.e., of taking a few
handfuls of grain and scattering it
for the birds, yet it set me to think-
ing just why my neighbor did it.

==_'____._AIDS TO GOOD DRESSING

For, Simplicity, .Bervice and Style

Address orders to Mrs. Jenney,

Send 15 cents in silver or
FALL AND WINTER 1922-

‘ A Popular Play
Dress
4201. The simple
version of the
“ Romper” fashion
will] readily appeal
to the busy dress
maker. ’ of
its easy
ment and comfort-
able lines. Gingham
was selected for this
style with white lin-
‘ene for collar and
cuffs. The sleeves
may be in wrist or
elbow length.
The Pattern is cut-
in 4 Sizes: 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.  3
year size requires 2 1-2 yards of 27 inch
material.

A _ Practical Gur-
‘ mont
' 4223. Gingham,
madras. ﬂannel and
silk are good mater-
u ials for' this deal .
It has a comfor le
collar, and. service-
able pook’ets. It \is
cut4 on regulation
shirt lines: lenl iis
easy to develop.’
The-Pattern is cut-
in 5 Sizes: -6..8, 10,’

. . *-  _,,.12’year ,size, ro-'
2  23,21 inch material, 

l

Pattern Department, M.- B. F.

stamps for ourw UpjToeDate
1923 BOOK OF FASHIONS

A Natty Suit For
The Little Man
4170. This is a

comfortable 'style,

with new and pleas-
ing features. The in-
serted pockets in the
smock will please the

"little fellow.” ‘The

“knickers” too boast

of pockets. that are

arge enough to hold
iany things” boys
like to keep With

them. . ,
The Pattern is cut

in 4 Sizes: , , .

and.6 years. ,To

make the suit for a

3 year size, will re-

quire 3 3-8 yards of

32 inch material.

For knickers alone

1 3-8 yds is required.

A Popular Garment
4210. Both the
waist and "knickers"
in this style ' are
practical » and I good
for. development in
muslin, long. cloth.
areper. er flannelette.
The Pattern is out
in 5 Sizes 4, 6,-8,
- 10, and 12 years. A
¢*’year size requires ‘
1 ,_3-4  011;“, I
‘inch ' material. I '

~. I".

 aJrentéiV-en {the mac  and t- ‘

Mas nearly a mile from any . no s. 
expected ,to cultivate;._ doubtless» she" ‘

~ ' himself wouldbe bothered to ex-

plain; yetin reality he did itbecause
his. own Christmas would be more
sweet to know that the wildth'ings
have one too. This .goesv..to,_.show'
the effect the comingvof theManger
Child, nearly two thousand .years
ago, is still having in the world, and
-it bespeakes the ,truth' of the pro-
phecy of a time when the “lion and,
the lambshall lie down tOgether,"
and the whole werld shall.know that

‘God is Love’. ”‘—A. D

SOME GOOD RECIPES
Pancakes

1 egg, pinch of salt, 2% cups of
buttermilk or sour milk, .175 cup of
cream 1% teaspoon soda, ﬂour to
make batter. ‘ '
_ I ﬁnd by keeping back 1 cup of
liquid and stirring balance a little
thicker than desired, that the lumps
'stir out more easily, then last.'add
your cup of liquid. In answer an
inquiry in the January 6th issue. »

Being the mother of ,four children
under 7 years I ﬁnd a ﬂour isac’k at
5 cents each from our bakery makes
a combination, or under waist and
bloomers as Well as linings for some
of their dresses, also dish towels, ',

Here are drop 'cookie recipes; I
ﬁnd Save heaps of time and a holi-
day cookie that takes a day to bake
and lasts weeks. ' ‘ '

Cream Cookies 1

2 eggs, 2 cups sugar, 2 cups sou
cream (thick), 2 teaspoonfuls soda,
4 cups ﬂour, pinch. of salt and sea—
soning, nutmeg or vanilla, drop from
dessert spoon.

Orange Cookies

2 cups sugar, pinch of salt, 1 cup
of shortening (half butter and half
lard) cream together, 1 cup of milk.
Grated rind and juice of one orange,

h 5 cups sifted ﬂo'ur, 1~level teaspoon
 soda and 2‘ teaspoonfuls baking pow-

der, rounding full. - Drop from des—
sert spoon and put raisin in top.-
iMolasvs'es Cookies '_ a I

1/2 cup sugar, 1 cup molasses,”2
tablespoonvfulsj butter, teaspoon gin”-
ger and a 'littleucinnamon, 1fmtea-
spoon soda disSOIVed in 134 cup‘hot
water. Mix :stiff with ﬂour,wdrop
and bake. " ‘ ' : “ ‘

1

Holiday Cookies ' 

1 quart of molasses er 1 pint 'o
strained honey may be used, 1‘ pint
sour cream, 1 pound brown sugar,
17$ cup shortening (melt), 1 oz.. of
cinnamon, 3% oz. cloves, 4 teaspoon-

fuls soda, 17$ pound raisins, IA

. pound nutmeats, luteaspoon salt and
all the ﬂour you can stir in, mix and
let stand over night, then roll or cut
out either squares or round. For a
change one may ice them on top.
A prosperous New Year to all.-——Mrs.
Alice R. Maurer. -

PANCAKE RECIPE

1 cup graham ﬂour, 1 cup buck-
wheat ﬁour, 1 .cup white ﬂour, 1
tps salt, 4 level tps baking powder,
1 level tps baking soda, 1 T. syrup
or sugar. ’ '

Sift. together, the buckwheat and
white ﬂour, salt and b-powder, add
to graham: add slowly, sufﬁcient
sweet milk (skimmed) to make bat.-
ter of proper consistency, then add
soda and syrup (or, sugar) which
have been dissolved together his
little boiling water. 'A trial or two
will determine the quantity of milk.
required. Water may be substituted,
but-milk is preferable. The batch
may be increased proportionately.
This serves ﬁve or six people; '

Syrup for Pancakes ‘

A good syrup for-pancakes is very,
quickly made by boiling together for
a few minutes 1% cups brown sugar
and one cup of water.

Starch for “A Reader”

For about one quart of starch, use
three level tablespoonfuls starch and
dissolve in just. Sufficient coldwater
to make creamy, then add. water
that. is actually boiling until starch
is clear, stirring as water is slowly.
added. “One teaspoon salt and one.
half teaspoonflard, or other white,
grease should be added. This. gives
gloss and prevents-the iro sticking.
Keep covereduntiliready:  ' ‘:
prevent. the Jilin yougspea
you are ."ea'nefiil; to "add just 1.11
amount of star ‘

 
" ﬂ ‘ very much.

v walk to school.

,old the 13th of January.

 
and teacher. We are—carry-

ahd girls. I will close for this time
hoping all the nieces and nephews
have started a good New Year.
From ,your niece—Rosalie M. Du-

  prawnR. No. 1, Cadillac, Mich. “

P. S.—I wish 'some of the other

 r f “children would write to me.

Dear Uncle Nedz—I have been
reading the letters and enjoy them
I am most sixteen. I
live; on a farm of forty acres. South
east of our place is a huckleberry
marsh. w I have almost two miles to
we just moved here
last month so you see I do not know
very many. I get so homesick some-
times _I wish I was back where I
used to live. But I suppose we have
to take things as they c'ome. 'It is
getting late so I will close. I sure
would like to hear from some of the
cousins. Your niece—Ethel Philo,
‘R. No. 3, Lansing, Michigan.

Dear Uncle Ned:—My father takes
the M. B. F., and'likes it very much.
I am 9 years of age and in the 5th
grade at school. I have one-half
mile to go to school. My birthday
is in June between the lst and 15th,
and to the one who guesses the right
date I will write a letter. I have a
brother 11 years of age and in the
6th grade at school and I have a
baby brothen that will be 3 months
I have
dark brown hair and eyes. I weigh
50 pounds and I am 3 feet and 11
inches tall. I suppose you got a lot
of presents for Christmas. -I got a
doll head with brown, curly hair and
sleeping eyes, a pocket-book, 2 hand-
kerchiefs, a bottle of perfume, 2
strings of beads, a drinking cup and
a soap bubbler, a pin cushion, a.
sack of candy and peanuts and a
big sack of Christmas candy. With
love from—Beulah Morey, R. No.13,
Wheeler, Michigan.

7 e CollectiOn 

The purpose of this department Is to PM-
teot our subscribers from fraudulent deallnll!
or unfair treatment by persons or concerns at
a distance.

In every case we will do our best to make
a satisfactory settlement or force action. for
which no charge for our services will ever be
made, providing:

1.—The claim Ia made by a paid-up sub-
scriber to The Business Farmer.

2.——The claim Is not more than 0 mos. old.

8.——The claim is not local or between Peo-
ple within easy distance of one another.
These should be settled at ﬁrst hand and not
attempted by mail.

Address all letters, giving full particulars.
amounts. dates. etc., enclosing also your ad-
dress label from the front cover of any Issue
to prove that you areea paid-up subscriber.
THE BUSINESS FARMER. collection Box

. Mt. Clemens. Mich.
Report Ending Jlanuary 8, 1923

Total number claims ﬂed 091
. . . . . . . . . . . . .320.259.58

 
Amount Involved
Number of claims settled . . . . . . . . . . . .650
Amount secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,686.68

 
. QUICK WORK

I wish to thank you for the favor
you did me in helping to get the
money due me from that New York
company, I received your letter on
the 19th stating that you were writ-
ing tothem on that date, and on Dec.
25th I received the money which
they owed me. Again I wish to
thank you.—Mrs. Grant Howard,
Osceola County, Michigan.

THANK YOU
I received an answer to the letter
I wrote you to the MerCantile Credit
00. Many thanks to you—while I
have not received the money, they
gave me encouragement so will in

 
tier] schd'ol and we . have,


‘ nd I'think it «is. a Wonderful:
' _ help to make clean and honest boys

 
we weeks as I think it’is'i more
r-eagerlylboked forward to; It is the
nicest and most interesting paper I
have ever read—Fred W. .Schutt.

SETTLES ON STRENGTH OF ‘
GOVERNMENT REPORT

Beg to acknowledge receipt your
your letter with reference to relia-
bility of H. C. Gawn & Co., Cleve-
land, Ohio. For your information
beg to advise you I settled with them
in full on strength of Government
Inspection report which was furnish-
ed me. I want to thank you for
your suggestion and will sure be glad
to call again should I need assist-
ance.

W'E’LL MEET YOU FARMERS'
WEEK AT EAST LANSING
(Continued from page 3)
making the visit of the guests pleas-

ant one.

Entertainment and education will
be given in equal portion during the
week. Music, moving pictures, pag-
eants, and other entertainment fea—
tures will be balanced off against
the more serious side of the pro-
gram, which will include educational
material. on all phases of farmers’
problems.

One of the leading features of the
week will be the big agricultural
parade, to be held at one o’clock
Thursday afternoon, February ﬁrst.
More than a mile of livestock and
exhibits will pass in review during
this pageant.

Special rates on all steam and
electric railroads have been granted
Farmers' Week visitors. These rates
give round-trip tickets from any
point in the state to East Lansing
for one and one—half times the one
way fare.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
MICHIGAN AGRICULTURE
(Contiued from page 8)
igan. The Michigan Agricultural
College set to work to ﬁnd out if
sugar beets could be grown in
Michigan. Sugar beet seed was im-
ported from Europe and was distri—
buted to farmers for trial plantings,
where the United States Weather
Bureau determined that climatic
conditions were favorable. A beet
sugar factory was erected at Bay
City in 1908 and still other factories
were soon opened at Lansing, Owos-
so, and other points, and another
great industry based .on agriculture
was established in the state, which,
at lastyreport, (1920) represents a
capital investment of more than

$22,000,000.

The growth of mint on the muck
lands in the southwestern counties
is quite as old as the state, and has
not spread much from this region
although it_has been demonstrated
that mint will grow and yield well
of oil as far north as the Lake Su-
perior country. The larger portion
of the mint output. of the United
States is produced in the southwest,
ern ‘portion of Michigan and the
northern region of Indian, and in
order to stablize market conditions
producers have not been keen for
bringing new areas into mint pro-
duction. The growing of celery and
onions has also become important
in southwestern Michigan and for
the same reason, while a very ex—
cellent celery is produced on a small
scale near Newberry, in the Upper
Peninsula.

(To be continued in a future issue)

THE TRUTH ABOUT HENRY FORD
(Continued from page 6)

to Detroit, but Miss McMillan had
returned to England. It was sug-
gested that Mrs. Philip Snowdon,
wife of a member of Parliment, and
at that time lecturing in this country,
be placed on the peace committee in
place of Miss McMillan. Miss Shel-
ley and Miss Morgan favored the
idea of having many telegrams sent
the president urging him to under—
take the preliminaries of peace.
They also wished to arrange a big
peace parade in Detroit to attract
the attention of the country. Mr.
Pipp urged them to‘abandon all such
plans. ’ ' . ‘ ' _

' “There is nothing to be gained
by spectacular eﬂorts," he said.

you Fwished an audience with the

president. It can be arranged. Pub-

- licity is altogether inadvisable and
cannot help your cause?“ r

9: 1".

 
, 3'0“, 3 ' .
{evorsofreceivinggthe paper every.

   
_ ctsm
--ot the cheap 
can baking powders

‘0‘  —don’t waste your

 
time, your money,
your efforts, inprepar-
ing bakings and have them

ruined through the use of
uncertain baking powders.

[Aswan use

{gegnmmpgnl' '

because it never varies in
leavening strength — be
cause it lasts longer—goes
farther-keeps perfectly and
is moderate in price—be-
cause it is most dependable,
most economical.

Its sales are over 150%
greater than that of any
other brand.

No human hand ever touches it
—il: is made in the world’s most

sanitarybakingpowderfactories.

 
Mm 7W 

 
DEMAND

I’ll All BEAR l llllll

Positively Best Flour Money
Can Buy.
A Trial Bag will prove it!

Manufactured by The New Era Milling 00., Arkansas City, Kane.

J. W. HARVEY & SON,

CentralStates Managers,

MARION, IND.

sax-mm ””’ﬂhv

 
” F LOUR 
‘ru: NEW mme
s “MsEbTMW-n

 
SWEET WHITE nLossou

Unhnlied. Have b stock high-
“.1 “arm lied cod
3:81»ch Money—Sam.“ Pris
We god-Ila- en Grass and a
Se and than at
‘ cea nu today!“
w‘flﬂgﬂ {Racial Dnces
“0d 0. .
85 “‘1 Mimosa FIELD sun co.
__.. U. pix s21 Chlc-so- III-

\

“IlllTSELMAlI FENOE

aved One-Thlrsl " so. Wm. B.
Lee, Stanton, Mich. Yt’)“, say: can save.
We Pay the Fuel ht. Write for Free
Catalog of Farm, oultry, Lawn Fence.
KITSELMAN BROS. Dept 193MUNCIE. IND-

  
WHAT ARE YOU III THE MARKET FOB ? USE THIS OOliPOII

Every reader of M. B. F. will be in need of one or more of the following items this
season. Check below the Items you are Interested in. mall it to us and we will ask dependablg
manufacturers to send you their literature and lowest prices free and without any obligation
on your part.
Automobiles Dairy Feed Hog Feeders Shoes ,
Auto Tires Dynamite incubators Stoves
Auto Supplies Ensllage Cutter Lumber ~ Stump Puller
Auto Insurance Fanning Mlll Lighting Plants Seeds
Bee Supplies Fertilizer Lightning Rods Sprayers
Berry Baskets Fur Buyers Limestone. Pulverlzed suo
Building Supplies Farm Lands Manure Spreader Spray Materials
Bicycles Ford Attachments Motorcycles Tanner.
Binder Twine Furniture Milking Machine Thrasher
Barn Equipment Feed Cutter Mantel Lamp Truck
Bean Thresher Furnace Nursery Stock Tractor
Chemical Closets Gas Engine Oils and Lubricants Tank Heaters
cultivator Guns Poultry Supplies Veterinary Remedies
Cream operator Grain Drill umps Wagon;
Gui-lags Horse Cellars Paint Water System
Corn Panter Narrows Flows ' Washing Mum...
Clothing—Men's Harvesters Potato Machinery Windmill
Velothll‘ng-JAIMl omen's  Rates goo??? "um Whol :eneing
Concre e .xer I “I n no" on uyera
Drain Tlle ‘ Hog Ollera Stock Food

(Write on margin below anythlns you are Interested in not listed above.)

   
4
u o . . . s . . n a s o s s s o s o o - o s a o n u o o 5 c a s u s . . . . . I . s s s u s n a s u s s u s assess-ceases...
.

 
address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..R. ED. ....‘_...8tate..........,..,...,
‘I'l-Il MICHIGAN IUOIIISO FAA-Ill. Buyera' Bureau. Mt. Clemens. ﬁlm .I' 

    
R e
Fence Book
3 , Square Deal leads
‘  with its stiff, picket-
.» like sta wires that
i . make ewer posts
necessary. Its well-
crimped line wires
spring back into place
, . ' after every shock and
‘ " ‘4, strain. Famous Square
._  Deal knot can never slip.
v ' . Thoroughly well galvanized
Wires protect against rust.
All these facts make Square
Deal the fence that stands
I tight and trim, looks better,
k,’/‘ wears longer and there-
/  fore costs less.

‘ . 2|ooks FREE

Ropp’s New Calculator

tells you your grain and

livestock proﬁts; measures

capacities of pribs, wagons,

silos; ﬁgures interest, wages;

contains commercial law. parcel post rates. .

etc. Sent with Square Deal catalog.

' Both books FREE to Land Owners. Write; tell
In when you expect to buy more fence.

KEYSTONE STEEL & WIRE CO.
4816 Industrial Shoot Poo-1a. llllnolo

 
New Bulletins
for Farmers

who are interested in maintaining or
inclreasing the productiveness of their
sm 3.

’I‘hese bulletins will be written in
plain, understandable language for
farmers who grow

Productive Fruit
and other Crops

They will contain the latest devel-
opments of methods for growing larger
and better crops.

They will be issued at intervals and
will be mailed free to farmers.
_ Your address on a Post Card ask-
ing for my Bulletin Service will bring
them to you as issued, covering a pe-
riod of a year or more.

They will make an interesting and
valuable addition to the farm library.

Dr. William S. Myers, Director
Chilean Nitrate Committee
25 Madison Avenue, New York

 
Rheumatism

A Remarkable Home Treatment '
Given ‘by One Who Had It

In the year 1893 I was attacked by Mus-
cular and Sub—Acute Rheumatism. I suffered as
only those who are thus afﬂicted know for over V‘
three years. I tried remedy after remedy, but
such rehef as I obtained was only temporary.
Finally, I found a, treatinent that cured me
completely and such a pitiful condition has
never returned. I_have given it to a number who
were terribly aﬂilcted, even bedridden, some of
them seventy to eighty years old, and the
results were the same as in my own case.

I want every sufferer from any form of mus-
cular and subocute (swelling at the joints) .
rheumatism. to try the great value of my im-
roved ‘Honie Treatment” for its remarkable ‘
enling power. Don’t send a cent; simply mail
your name and address, and I will send it free
to ti}: After you have used it. and it has prov-
en 3 e1f_to be t t long—looked for means of
getting rid of such forms of rheumatism, you
may send the price o it, One Dollar. but un-
derstand I do not we t your money unless you
are perfectly satisﬁed to send it. Isn't that {girl

by suffer any longer, when relief is thus of-
fered you free. Don’t delay. Write today.

MARK H. JACKSON

265.7 Durston Bldg, Syracuse, N. Y.
Mr. Jackson is responsible. Above statement true.

 
fence h r '
“2‘ is 9; 3e-4no bgt‘

   
';‘ erooquisk for my big
now book of money-oar
baton orlooo on high-

   
a penny moro than Jim
. actor! prices. OH! hqat ,
uahty, backed by ant-too. nto

M—puo money-lav s: bargain book.
,1“ arm-.— I...” nun... m,_ nu.- m2 nlovalsnl,ﬂ.

    
Raise Silver Foxes
Most Proﬁtable Livestock.
We sell outright or for monthly

‘ payments wilhin your reach.
rite

SILVERPLUME FOXES
Box 3-31, Kemoille, N. Y_

 
WEN  OF woon "LIFE
TRAGEDY
(Continued from page 6)

bed even the distant tun'd.ras of their
life .

In the United States even more
than in Canada are we today seeing
and feeling the effects of an ap-
palling devastation. My own state
of Michigan is an example. The
story of its outraged forests and

wild life is a tragedy of desecration,‘

of money-lust, of personal selﬁsh-
ness and political incompetence and
stupidity. Michigan is a particular-

ly good state to look at in these last.

days of forest and wild life simply
because of the fact that God intended
it to be the greatest water, forest
and wild life paradise on the Ameri-
can continent. No other state was
so completely endowed with all
things or so richly stored with pos-
sibilities at the beginning. Its wild
life and fOrest resources have been
worth billions, and had these natur-
al gifts been harvested instead of
slaughtered they would be worth
billion; today. Yet, in this state,
never have we had a man technical-
ly trained and educated in conserva-
tion matters at the head of our con-
servation affairs. The present Di-
rector of our Conservation Depart-
ment is a man who has been thirty
years in politics. Our Secretary of
Conservation is a newspaper man.

 
And only a few days ago the dean
of American forestry, Professor Fil-
ibert Roth, Professor of Forestry in
the University of Michigan, found it
necessary to resign from our Con—
servation Commission because he
would no longer ﬁght against the en-

. vironment which made his life—long

 
experience and technical worth of no
practical value at all.

This system is not the fault of an
individual or individuals. It is per-
fectly legitimate for politicians,
newspapermen, railroad engineers,
lawyers, preachers or candle—stick
makers to run the vast natural re—
sources of any state if the people
so will. They cannot be held ac-

countable for the fact that they are .

not technically skilled forestry men
or that they have not had the long
and intensive training, education,
and scientiﬁc application of study
which every other great corporation
on earth would demand of those in
charge of its resources. The people
themselves are at fault. They alone
are to blame for not rising in the
power of their vote and bringing
about a condition where the very
best men that money and science
can produce
guardians and care—takers of our for-
ests and wild life, our lakes and
streams. Until that time comes,
until every governor and every leg-
islature in every State demand the
very highest of skill, training, in—
telligence and technical ability at
the heads of our conservation activ—
ities, we must miserably fail.

The tremedous loss which has oc-
curred throughout the United States
because of lack of these things is
shown by conditions as they exist
in my own state Michigan. Because
of timber-slaughter and forest ﬁres
over one—third of Michigan is virtu-
ally bankrupt, paying no more in
taxes than the cost of collecting the
taxes, unable to build roads and
schools, and even unable to provide
police protection. Fourteen million
acres, or over twenty thousand of
our ﬁfty—seven thousand square miles
are idle, barren and ﬁre—blasted. In
1890 Michigan was the greatest
lumber state in the Union, and the
annual value of her lumber pro-
ducts was $70,000,000. Today Mich-
igan is consuming between two and
three times the lumber she produces,
and is now one of the thirty wood—
importing states in America, and the
freight rates and increased cost of
her imported tirmber alone equal the
total value of her lumber products
in that year of 1890. The hickory
for the wheels of her automobiles
comes from Arkansas and Mississ-
ippi; the oak for her furniture is
cut in Louisianna and Tennessee.
Michigan does not even supply her—
self with enough telephone poles and
railroad ties, but imports the poles
from Idaho and the ties from Vir-
ginia. '

In spite of the newspaper props-I

ganda which is always sent out in
great volumes from the center of
political activities, our wild life has
gone rapidly with our forests. Of
our two thousand miles of inland
waters at least ﬁfty percent, or one

   
are employed as the.

     
thousand jaguars miles, , , . j
robbed and polluted” until they are

now what is technically known as
Our grayling is. utterly.

‘lbarren'Il

extinct. Our trout streams are going

swiftly, and are not twenty percent

of what they were a few years ago.
While energy and money have been
expended in importing and propa-
gating the ring-necked pheasant, a
semi-domestic fowl that will for—

ever be impossible as a game-birch.

our native partridge has been ne-
glected until pot-hunters, if they
were allowed to exist today, would
starve to death. And while rain—
deer, an animal that has been do-
mesticated for more than ﬁfteen
centuries, have been imported into
our northwoods, where they are
cared for and fenced and fed like
cattle, one of the ﬁnest of all game
animals, the black bear, is still kill-
ed in our state as “vermin.”

During the two years of 1919 and
1920 there were 1,442 forest ﬁres
in Michigan, and these ﬁres burned
over 620,493 acres of forest land
or one thousand square miles.
the ridiculously low rate of $50 an
acre this means a total loss of over
$30,000,000 in those two years, or
$10 for every man, woman and child
in the state. Whle our political
regime estimates Michigan’s forest—
ﬁre loss at only $2,000,000 a year,
experts trained in their business have
estimated the loss at $100,000,000 a
year. I have split this in two, and
estimate it at $50,000,000.

These ﬁgures for 1919 and 1920
are tragic enough, but in the year
1921 there were 1:028 forest ﬁres
in Michigan, or almost as many as
in the proceeding two years com—
bined.

I have always hunted, have al-
ways loved the woods, have lived in
them a great deal of my time. The
money which carried me through
college I earned at trapping. But
it is only when I view my experi—
of the past few years that

ences
I see the tragedy of today in all
its naked horror. With wild life

not only going, but almost gore.
it seems to me little less than crim—
inal that the people of great com-

-monwealths will still allow politic—

ians to run their conservation af-
fairs. I feel and see the sickening
effect of it. A great corporation that
builds automobiles would consider
it sucidal to place a plumber or a
carpenter at its head. A big hotel
would not place its management in
the hands of a stone—cutter., Yet
the people of a state, the mightiest
of all corporations, will see a. petty
politician, or a butcher,'or a me-
chanical engineer in control of all
the forest and wild life resources
which God has seen ﬁt to give it.
To me this is little less than sacri-
lege. It is a body blow at the Great
Giver of Things Himself. It is as
senseless as placing a. trained forest-
er in command of a ship at sea, or
a railroad engineer in charge of an
electric light plant. Before success
comes to us politics must go. The
people of every state must make
their governors and their legislat-
ures see that conservation of forests
and wild life is not for the hunter
and ﬁsherman alone. Trained men,
skilled and intelligent in their pro-
fessions, must replace those who
are utterly unable to cope with the
tragedy as it exists today. Ten
years from now, ﬁve years from
now, will be too late. And only the
people can save us from an utter
devastation. Only the people, with
their power of the ballot, can put
their lakes, their streams, and what
wild life and forests they have left
into hands capable of caring for
them, perpetuating them, and in—
creasing them. Intelligence, skill
and technical ability will do these
things; politics, vote-getters’ ap-

pointments, and the ignorance and 7

selyﬁsh ambitions that build up

political machines will bring still

grehter ruin.

People must come to an under
standing of what conservation
means. They must be made to real-
ize that human life is absolutely
dependent upon wild life and forests.

Without these things we would be-.
If all the

come extinct as a race.
vegetation, all wild life and all. for-
ests should disappear tomorrow the

human race would become extinct
upon the face of the earth within

a year. Without wood we -would
have no agriculture, no manufact-
ure, no commerce.

(Continued on page 26) ,

\

At '

Civilization, as.

«no  

    
lCured Her

 
Don’t put itoff‘untll you cm into

the rush of Spring Work. Just cheek ‘

(v)'the items in which you are,

lnterested.tear out thispsge. _

write your name and ML

* dress in the . margin and

. mail it back to. us. .We’li
give you complete in.
formation and wiser
on everything you

.need to , make your

barn modern and convenient.
El Steel stalls and stanchion

'D Litter carriers ' '
Cl Feed carriers

D Steel cattle pens

Cl Steel hog pens

Cl Automatic drinking bowls
D Hay tools

(3 Barn door hangers

[3 Garage door hangers

D Cupolas and ventilators.

Cl Barn plans

,v , Tho Porter ‘Iine has been standard

1 equipment for 56 years—simple, mod-

ern, practical. moderate in cost.

Going to Build or Remodel!

The Porter Plan Book will help you’,to get

a better barn or hog barn, at lower cost.

Ask for it.

I. E. Porter Corporation
881 Guion Street 3 Ottawa. Illinois

     
_, Barn Equipment m. 

 
onlaﬂe Since Sixty-ﬁght”

V worth of common kero-v-
sene or coal oil will keep
this Sun ray lamp in

‘ , operation for 30 hours.
Produces 300 candle

 
Ivor of

the purest whitest and

0 ﬂoat light knownlo silence. Nothing

Wick. torrent: simple; late: 13 Dnyo' Trial
to Trim ’  ' ‘

N. EE Lantern

Smok. As a special lutroducto oﬂer, we will

vc you a 800 Cpndlo lgown Sunny

N. enter-n I"!!! With the ﬁrst purchase

an." of a Sunny Lamp. Li hts up the yard'

or burn like a scare light." Writ.
today for full information and
‘ A agency proposition. ‘

3“ ~ KNIGHT LIGHT co.-

:‘ _.,,/ Dom 3301 Chicano—III.

 
,... .-

 
Rheumatism

Knowlng from terrlbls experlence the'sufler—
lng caused by rheumatism, Mrs. J. E. Hurst.
who lives at 608 E. Douglas Street, 489,
Bloomlngton, lll., ls so thankful at having
cured herself that out of pure gratltudo she ls
anxious to tell all other suﬂ‘erers Just .how to
get rld of thelr torture by a slmple way at
ome.

Mrs. Hurst has nothlng to sell. Merely mall
your own name and address, and she wlll gladly
send you thls valuable information entirely
free. erte her at. once before you'fomet.

24h».

11%.;7;
Ontﬂﬂ- Emmnninzwasﬂycleaned. ~ 
Skims ’warm orrcold milk. .Diﬁcrent‘

1.7.7.

 
from picture which.shows-iarger cap, 
pacitymchin. ' es. Get-ourplan of copy, 1 19.! ‘

MONTHLY PAYMENTS.
and handsome free catalog. Whether I. a,”
 wall .v l,-

‘

    
dairy is large or small, write today.

AMERICAN SEPARATOR co."
Box '7087 r Bnlnhrldgo, [LY-

 mm."
s so

 
BARGAI

GI or and “moth! inlxad--tho standard
on cannot be surpaued for hay and
Contains good per cent clov r Snot
ow. Thoroughly cleaned and 15d on nonﬁ-

to a
 al sub oct togovernment test. A tortilla -
' odoo if you wsant our greatest I) n. Rom

o Clover. woot Clover, , y n
u Field and Grass Seeds Buy now. coo'arlfod‘
vsnclug SAMPLES and 116-31. cats 3 F II.

.A. A. Berry Seed 00., Box 621, Cl'arln 3, Iowa

HEAVES

 
ls youroun horse mm."
Use 2 large cans. Cost 32....

Money back (I unsatisfactory ,, I 
ONE can at “.25 mos sullelont. Is power torn.

"W  NEWTON'S

' ‘ A vsterlnary’sco
‘ y’ﬁr- Horses, Cattle. an Hon.
. Heaves,'Couzhs, Distemper.
. Indigestion. Worn: expollor.
' Eonditioner. At' dealerl‘ C

  
y parcel posts I
nu: NEWTON lien: Y co.. Toledo. 9M,-

9m; 

Ivory ﬁnish  

 
 .. , mirror.etc.. name-no
  billing!
an”? we go» - 7m-

. : ,_":r.gm,WPo.

» v ,  , ~l:
If 'you' have a few. goodwhens or
cockerels that you-don need. you can

   
and IR.

      
.r 
It a
A
4! I
V d
4
d
.5
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9 ft

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‘ LIVESTOCK

‘ periheudyanee

L.

 
FARMERS LOSE' MONEY THRU
r IMPRDPER- STOCK SHIPMENTS
shippers frequently

lose money by shipping im-

proper mixtures of animals to
market, an investigatiOn by the
United States Department of Agri-
culture shows.

Many instances 'of losses’due to
this cause have come to the depart-
ment’s attention. For example, a
cooperative association in Indiana re-
cently shipped a car‘con‘taining 66
sheep and 6 cattle. _ The sheep
weighed 5,195 pounds and the cat-
tle 5,800 pounds. The total freight
charge on the shipment was $105.60,
or at the rate of 95c per 100 pounds.
The actual rates quotable from the

'point of shipment to point of desti-

nation were—sheep 48c and cattle
38c per 100 pounds. The high rate
actually charged was due largely to
the fact that the 6 cattle included
in the shipment made it necessary to
apply the cattle minimum weight of
22,000 pounds which may be com—
pared With the sheep minimum of
12,000 and with 10,995 pounds-
which was the actual of the ship-
ment. Had the cattle been excluded
this car could have been forwarded
at a total charge of only $57.60 in-
stead of 105.60 which was actually
paid. The charge for shipping the
6 cattle therefore was $48 which was
an increase of 83% over the charge
which would have been levid on a
straight carload of sheep. Stating
it differently the freight charge on
the cattle amounted to 83c per 100
pounds

The important fact to be borne in
mind, the‘department says, is that

as a rule where two or more‘kinds

of stock are shipped in the same car
the freight for the entire ad is
based on the highest n
Weight combined with th
rate. A mixture of ca
therefore usually tak-
minimum weight» a ’

  
next and sheep the
case of rates the 0rd
reversed. Sheep take
rate,‘hogs and calves th
est, with cattle generally
iowst rate. r

In all cases, it is pointed out, t ~
local agent should be consulted re-
garding minimum weights, foreign
rates, freight rates, shrinkage allow-
ances and any other pertinent mat-
ters if the shipper desires to forward
his stock in the most economical
manner.

 
STEER FEEDING
HE rations for feeding steers
T should be in most cases be built
around the roughage the feeder
has on hand. Where steer feeding
is carried on extensively, corn silage,
clover hay and shock corn are the
most popular roughages and form
an excellent basis for a good ration.
When the gains are made by the
steers, cost per pound of gain, the
amount of beef produced from a
given area and the labor involved in
storing and feeding are considered,
corn silage, where grown successful-
1y, ,is recommended as the best avail-
able roughage.
‘ The amount of silage that may be
fed; depends upon the size of the

" steers and the amount of silage and

other roughages available. With
steers weighing from 800 to 1,000
pounds, as much as .45 to 50 pounds
per day may be fed to advantage at
the forepart of the- feeding period
unless a heavy grain ration is given,
in which case the steers would re-
fuse such a heavy feed of silage.
From 3 to 6 pounds of clover hay
per; day isusuallwaed, as, very few
feeders favor siE'ge as a sole rough-

-'age. ‘ l: ..
_...,....=.Sh'ec;k. corn 'is"fed extensively in
iffsome‘sections, the-claim being i made
:3 ,better.’.ﬁnish is produced than
._.-_.~..bxkﬁédirikﬁ-aihge." M-This no doubt is
-:"1,-5’true,% as «the ->sta.ers: are scalloped to
" 'chobset'th-e proportionswof ears and

stalks. consumed. As the feeding
s. and, the steers bed
ghly..ﬁnished, they

 
2. s

x.»

 "Pd-rtiCular” in what
v tati'en intp
Lil

i"‘AIRY"and LIVESTOCK

small portion of the stalks are neng
utilized. When an abundance of
roughage is available, this plan gives
good results, but a large amount of
the stalks are wasted. If a silo is
used, a larger number of cattle
could be ﬁnished on the same
amount of feed.

The amount of concentrates that
should be fed depends upon the qual-
ity of the roughage, age of the cattle
and the ﬁnish desired. Although
yearlings or short two-year-olds
make more economical gains than
do older cattle, they require more
grain to produce an equal ﬁnish.
Corn is the best fattening feed, but
barley can be used to good advan-
tage. If the steers are fed a heavy
grain ration, a protein supplement
such as cottonseed meal or linseed

.oil meal should be added, but if

little grain is given and the roughage
consists largely of clover or alfalfa
hay, no supplement may be needed.
With silage in the ration the cotton—
seed meal is preferred, as it supplies
the protein more cheaply per unit.
With the roughage, linseed oil meal
acts as a conditioner and keeps the
digestive system in good working
order. Not more than 2.75 pounds
of cottonseed meal per 1,000 pounds
live weight is recommended. There
is no danger from this amount or
sligh‘ly more, but any great excess,
if continued over a long feeding
period, is liable to cause slow poison-
ing and put the steers in an un—
thrifty condition.

A ration of corn silage, clover hay
and cottonseed or oilmeal without
any concentrates produces good re—
sults and a fairly high ﬁnish. At
the Michigan Experiment Station in
trials conducted during the past win-
ter, steers fed an average of corn
silage, 3.93 pounds of clover hay and
1.96 pounds of oilmeal per day gain-
er 2.6 pounds daily per day for the
ﬁrst 59 days. However, if a good
ﬁnish is desired, more concentrates
must be fed during the latter part
\the feeding period. Accordingly
se steers were given an average
0 9.5 pounds of shelled corn per
o y for the last 84 days, the‘amount
silage being gradually reduced
the oilmeal increased to 2.25
s per day. The average daily
r steer during this period was
nds and for the whole feed—
i ~ 2.39 pounds per day.
ses hogs should follow
'ize the corn voided es-
shelled corn or shock

pe/ -
corn

In iments mentioned
above, ' at $4.00 per ton,

0 per ton, corn
el and linseed
the cost per
ot crediting
. gs follow—
Credit—
gs, the
. ~ $7.88

hundred pou ~
the gains ma
ing the steers,
ing the gains ma ;
cost of grains in th -
per hundredweight.
Many other factors

, sidered if steer feedin .’  m. e

successful. Clean, wel e  .-.
quarters should be provi , 
water should be availabl .
times; all changes in feed, .\ 
quantity and quality, should be « .
slowly; and the condition of e
steers should be watched carefu
and their appetite catered to, so u .-
there is less danger of putting . u
off feed.—'—W. E; J. Edwards, Anima

Husbandry Department, M. A. C.

 
EARLY MICHIGAN TRAINING.
PIAD
. R. SMITH, who has judged the
beef breeds for» many years at
the International and other
shows, was this year assigned the
more difﬁcult task of judging Red
polls and has just received from the
management of the. International
Live Stock Exhibition a ﬁne letter
of' commendation. , '
Howard .was in Michigan last week
attending a T. B. Conference at Lan-
sing, and. stated that much ,of his
suecessrin cattle judging he attrib-

‘ tited‘to his early training in Michi-

gan. ‘Many- of the older' residents

[will‘ rememberxhis father, the late

F.- Hart Smith, when active with the
StateyFair had,a considerable repu-

    
i‘

 
3.3 the right anmals ‘_

 
,1‘7c~anA,N'.~ BUSINESS FARMERS“

  
anti/Wt

 
Don’t take anyone’s word {or it that
KOW _KARE deﬁnitely increases the
milk yield. Actual proof is too easy
to secure. ,

Make a simple test -- and make it
now, so that you may beneﬁt all winter
and spring by what it proves. Select a
part of your herd -— even one cow —
and place in her feed morning and
evening, for just one week out of the
month, a tablespoonful of KOW-KARE.
If you keep accurate production re-
cords, you will be surprised at the
increased yield, and at the surprising-
ly low cost of the treatment.

     
g

J .77.. ' ‘
DJ 1 ‘ 2v
( i mpg/ﬁg .The‘ reason is simple. The vigor of the cow’-
eé; 7A \ h— digestive and milk-making organs“runs down"

tuna-M1,, ,

  
JIM-'4» ‘4 during the wmter months when green pasture
. age is not available. KOW KARE has the medi-
cmal properties to keep these organs toned up
and working at summer capacrty.

-- "  % It is just this building-up of the genital and
5,  digestive [functions thatvmakes KOW KARE so
‘ I yaluable m treating the diseases which long-

 I mate in these very. organs, such as Abor-
’ lion, Retained Afterbirth, Barrenness, Scouts,

Bunches, Milkfeuer, etc. No medicme shelf

is complete wrthopt this nationally-used cow

remedy. _
KOW KARE is sold by feed dealers. druzzists, gen-

! eral stores; large size $1.25; medium size 65c. If
your dealer is not supplied we will send postpald on
receipt of price. Our valuable book. “The Horn!
Cow Doctor." free.

Dairy Association Co., Inc, Lyndonville, Vt. '

 
‘ (273)  ,

 
THE

(1)

(2)

 
TWO YEARS FOR $1

$1

h ’.is the greatest offer we have ever made and we do not
pr l ise to keep 1t open over 30 days, so you must act at once, if
yo Wlsh to proﬁt by this 50% saving!

-——if YOU act at once!

and the coupon below will renew you own sub-
scription for TWO YEARS FROM DATE OF
EXPIRATION.

—or will enter a NEW subscriber’s name for
TWO FULL YEARS

—or will renew your subscription for ONE YEAR
and enter the name of a NEW subscriber for
ONE YEAR. t

(We acknowledge every remittance received with a receipt by ﬁrst class mail)

———-—_———————_—_—_—————_—--

MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER,
Mt. Clemens, Michigan

For $1 enclosed you will enter or renew my subscription for
2 years:

My Name R. F. D. No.

 
P. 0 State

(it 'you are renewing kindly send address label from recent issue)

For $1 enclosed. renew my own subscription as above ‘.1:year and
add the following new subscribers name paid-in-full'for 1 year:

New Name

 
R.F.D.No. 

 
.0 “state . V '


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KEYSTONE STEEL. 8: WIN! CO.
Pearls, Illinois

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H111 If (H,

 
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Raise Silver Foxes 1
Most l’mhtablc Livestock.
outright or ID! monthly
payments within your reach.
SILVItRPLUMIC I“()XI‘.S
Kecscvillc, N. Y.

 
EarTag

(D
m STOCK 1;;

your ltock— but and cheapest I

 
Catalog mailed fro. on request.
F.S.Burch&C0279W Huron St.Chica .

   
Humiliation for Hoes. Sheep and Guam
Nune, address and number lumped on tan.

0

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

 
I“II“'I'ICIQN YEARS t)!“ \ViHII) I1II‘TI‘1
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f\111l1itzan 11111111 not even supply hrrr
11111 with 111111111111 11-11'1111111111 poles and
railroad 1111s, hut imports the poles

from ldaho and the ties from \‘ir—
yinia.
in spite of 11111 newspaper propa~

iranda which is always sent, out in
volumes from the center of
our wild life has
our forests. 0!
miles of inland

yrwat.
political activities.
pone rapidly with
our two thousand
waters at least

 
THE MICHIGAN LUSINESS FARM‘ER

titty percent, or one

      
thousand squaru miles. have been
1‘1111111111 and 1111111111111 until they are.
now what is 1111-111111111111' known as

()ur a'ayiina' is utterly
(1111'11'11111 str11:1111s:1r1~ going

“11:11'1‘1111.”
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swittly. 211111 :11'11 not twi-nt)‘ 11111111111
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gating 11111 1'11137111111111111 phwasant. a
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our 11:1tii'11 11:11‘11'1111111 has 11111111 1111-
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\1‘111‘11 allowed to exist. today. would
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11:11‘1111 1111' :11111 1'11111'1111 :11111 11111 111111
11:111111. 111111 111' 11111 111111st of all 1:1'11111x
animals, 11111 111:1111{ hear, is still 11111—

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111211 111111'11 11.111‘11 1.1143 tort-:41 lit‘os

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ship at :111:1. 111'
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that.
11111

11111111111111s‘
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1’111111111 must 111111111 to :1'1 111111111‘
5111111111113, 111’ what 1-1111s11rvati11n
means. '1'11111' must he 111111111 to rrai
17.11 that human life is ahsolutvly

11111111111111111 11111111 wild life and forests.

\Vithout those things we would 1111—
151111111 11xti111't as a rare. if all the

vegt'itation, all wild life and all for-—
ests should disappear tomorrow the
human raro would become extinct.
upon the fare of the earth Within
a year. \Vithout; wood we would
have no agriculture, no manufact—
ure, no commerce. Civilization, as
(Continued on page 26)

 
January 20, 1923

 
Pian Now tor 11111111 19231
Barn Equipment Needs

( Don't put it off until you (jet into
the rush of Spring work. Just Cllt‘t k
.’ . (Uthe items in which you are
‘ interested.tear out tliispagr.
write your name and ad
dress in the margin and
mail it back to us. We'll
give you ContDlCte in-
formation and prices
on everything you
need to make your
barn modern and convenient.
[71Steel stalls and stanchious
L1 Litter carriers

L1 Feed carriers

U Steel cattle pens

[3 Steel hog pens

D Automatic drinking bowls
D Hay tools

C1 Barn door hangers :1

D Garage door hangers

L] Cupolas and ventilators

C1 Barn plans

The Porter line hart been utandan
equipment for 55 yearw—srmplu, rnodr
ern, pravtilral, moderate in cost.

Going to Build or Remodel?
The Pormr Plan Book will help you to get
a better ham or hog barn, at lower i'ost.
Ask {or it.

I. E. Porter Corporation

681 Guion Street 3 Ottawa, Illinois

RIER

pendable Since Sixty-Lith

 
worth of Common ker

sent: or coal oil will keep
this S u n ray lamp in
operation for 30 hours.
PI‘Oilllt‘t‘S 3 0 0 candle
power of the purest, whitest and

’ best light known to urinate. Nothing F

Wicks " towenr; aimplr; safe; 15 Days' Trial
to Trlm F .1
N, REE Lantern 1
Smoke A8 a sperial introdurtory offer, we will
give you a 31111 (‘andle Power Sunray 1
No Lantern FREE with the first purchase
Sm." of a Sunray Lamp. Lights up the yard

or burn like n. :warrh light. Writ.
today for full information and
agency proposition.

KNIGHT LIGHT co.
Dept 3301 Chlcnzo- III.

 
Cured Her
Rheumatism

the gutter"
E. Hurst,

Knownio 110111 it‘l‘l‘llH: 111111'11111113
11111 1 11111111 oy 11111111119111 11 Mrs 1.1.
w1111 31310 at 618 E Douola' Str‘titit. 0-480,
Blown-11111111111. 111.. is *o thankful at having
111-rad htr-r't 111 :1 out. 111 puro (1":111111110 stir 1\
1110011115 to toil all other stitlt‘l‘rt‘s inst how to
1;1t r:(1 111' their torture by a simple way at
11111110.

Wit‘s. Hurst. has 11011111111 to sell. Merely 111a)!
your I-W11 name and addresu. and she Will 111ad|v
send you this valuahir lutoriuation intirniy
free. VJ1'1L1‘ her at before you 111111191.

 
(tilt (‘

 
95

      
0n trial. Easy runningmasilyrleaned.
Slums warm or cold milk. Different
from picture which shows larger ca—
pacity machines. Get our plan of easy

MONTHLY PAYMENTS

and handsome free catalog. Wlwther
dairy is largo or small. \\. l’lit‘ today.

AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. "
Box 70R? Bainbridge,N.Y.

VF 11111221111

Rad Clover and Timothy mlle .the standard
gramme! 1'u111111t L11- aur'pnxsmi {oi hnv 11111 or
turr- (‘oritainn 51111111 111-r cent 111111'1-1‘. mat. rzht

to now 'l‘111111111uhlv 11111111111 and 11111111111 nppron
al,suhiarrt1111411'1'1111111111111 A <11 {or thin mix»
er e11 :111-mi if you want our pm .1 out bargain, IIuvo

Pure Lion , rt tlurrr 'l'tmutli) and III
 Ftoltl (mil (1 .1 ‘
vanvtni: ‘

1- i~1 litl) mm ,
A A Berry Seed Co...
Is your own horse afﬂicted?

1 .d.
13:11.1111 111; 11 11111111112 FREE.
H E  E 5 Use 2 large cans. Cost $2.50.

151‘
Box 627, Ciariurla. Iowa
Manny barf: if 11111 111111.11111'111ry

ONE can at $l.25 often sutﬁcient. In powder form.

> Mart/1111mm N  N’s

' . ‘ A Vt‘it‘l'lllilry's compound for

"7', 2,2” lioi'srs, 1‘1111111 and Hogs.

..‘;\.’.-/' livaws. t‘ouuhs, Distemper,

- 1111111t11s111111. \Vorm run-lion.

(‘11111111111111‘13 At 111-:1111rs' or
3m yemg’ “’16 111 11:111‘11 1111111.

THE NEWTON REMEDY 00.. Toledo. Ohio

1301 TOILET SET FREE
' 4.; , , Ivory ﬁnish brush. comb.
'_ mirror, 0.10., in haudsomu
' box. All given for selling
- only (0 Dﬂckl vegetable or

_ ﬂower Seeds at 10¢ per large
. packet. (State which). Easily
Bold. Sen no money, W.
TruII You till seeds are sold.
‘ AMERICAN SEED C0.
Box T-104, “lea-tor, Pg

   
If you havo a few good lions or
rot-korels that you don‘t need you can
sell them throng an ad in M. B. F.

 
11.
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January 20,1923 THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER (373) 25

DAIRY and LIVESTOCK 1 

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'11:, bning consumed, while only a tests at that tiine.—G. B. S.

 
farming as in

return itb‘ . Thereare50 pages
Nadia: mags; useful tables. etc.

     
with hand f

vested in a

years. Write for it today.

 
'3' “all! St. S
Dim ' summit.
dyso‘o Dealer- TcaGinm Service.

 M...   

any other business. The Papec way
is simple and easy. few entries fdaily in our Farmers’ Record
and Account Book will show you where the money goes and what
for accounts. inventories.

O

At a New Low Price
The new Self-feed Third Roll entirely do awa

ceding. The new elastic Angle-steel Ling
Belt assures positive action—andwdl retain its ,
shape for years. These and other improvements
make the 1923 Papec the ﬁnest and best Ensxlage
Cutter ever made, regardless of price. Yet we
are offering this splendid new model at a substan-
tial reduction. Your dollars go farther when m-
Papec. Four Sizes: Nos. 10, 13, ‘16,

an .
Our Catalog tells all about _the 1923 Papec—
shows how it will pay for itself in from one to two

PAPEC MACHINE COMPANY
hortsville, NewYork

Throws

iYou Make Last Year? 'ang mow,

DO you know? Did your last year’s work showca
proﬁt? Acourate accounts are as necessary in

 
Saves One
Man */

    
How To Getnis Book .
FREE If M m...-
silo or in
3a?“ it‘ll “mime;
I
thug m3... ad;
of your dealer.Wo
will romptly
you b00k?ff00.
“See That NewPa .
Feed Third 1251?

!

  
es

    
LBFTHHMERSWDIRECTOBX'

llulIIlilllilllllllilllllllil

 
Advertisements Inserted under this heading for reputaoli
i ure-ured? Oil-“the farms of our readers. Our advertising rate
l hlrt Cents (30c) per agate ne. per nse on.
5 T " cash If sent with order or
ND IN YOU

rates to encourage the growing of

or $4.20 per Inch, less for

of month following date of insertion. SE

FREE to you can
BREEDERS DIRECTORY.

 
ithoul.
T avoid conflicting dates we will w
008t.0l|st the date of any live stock saleaiin
Michigan. If you are considering a saled
Vise us at once and we will claim the sets
for you. Address. lee Stock Editor. M. .
F” Mt. Clemens

Jan. 23—s13horthorns and O. I. C’s. Claxton
iro

there & Diecks, Sw'artz Creek,
' 1c i. ,

Jan. 24—liolste'ins ' Leon hike
essa. inh. .

Feb. l—Poland Chinaa. Doris Hover, Akron,

icii.
6—) (minus, Shorthorn, Percher-
Feb' 15%;? l1J. M. Hicks & Sons. Williams-

‘to , Mich.
Feb. 9—D11Tihhcs. J. 0. Barney, Goldwater,
Feb. 17—]lqgland Ohinss. Witt Bros. Adrian,
Feb. 27—Poiand Chinas. Mygrants, St.
0 us. Mich.
Feb. 28—l’olandlthtéhinns. _Oharlee Wetml &
S us, ca. lo I.
Mar. l—Po‘iand Chinas, Archie Ward, Brockv

rid e. Mic . .
Mar. 8—6lrilestgr Whites. 'Alexander & Bodi-

Hennlh

 
mer, Vassar, Mich.
Mar. 21—Aberdeen-Angus, Russell Bros,
Merrill, Mich.
ﬂ

 
as no man lines It will ﬁll.
s w hlcmcm evenness FARMER, wr’r. CLEMENS. MIcH.

breeders of Live Stock at special low

Fourteen agate lines to the column inch
paid on or before the 10th
R AD AND WE WILL PUT IT IN TYPE
Address all letters

OCT. CLEARANCE SALE. WE ARE OFFERING
20 heifers and bulls. Heavy producing dams. Sire
has 7 dams averaging neary 1,100 lbs. on yearly
tr'st. Fme from ’1‘. B.. $50.00 and up.
WOLVERINE DAIRY FARM

Prop.——H. G. Booth Giadwln. Mich.

 
FOR SALE-~SEVERAL REGISTERED HOL-
stein cows, bred to my Rag Apple sire. Tuberculin
tested. Geo. H. Schiader, R. 2, Freeland, Mich.

 
SHORTHORNS

ilelliﬂlilili SHﬂHlHﬂliNS

0 er one re . low down. thick bull calf ﬁfteen
months old, also one roan calf ﬁfteen months old.
baa-gain if taken at once. Also a few young
cows Witr calves at foot.

C. H. Prescott & Sons
Ofﬁce at Herd at
Tawas City, Mich. Prescott, Mich.

A POLLED SHORTH-ORN HERD BULL 2
years old. Scotch Orangebloeaom Family. Fit to
head any herd. Younger ones for sale.

L. O. KELLY a. SON, Plymouth, Mich.

GLADWIN COUNTY SHORTHORN BREEDERS
oﬁer the best in beef and milk strains. All ages,
both sexes. w. 8. HUBER. Seo’y, Gladwin. Mich.

 
pg ,_
 CATTLE
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN

82 LB. SIRE—80 LB. DAM—HERE'S. A BULL
bargain that will be snap _ up quick_ Born
Nov. 3rd, .1921 ready for ht service, nicely
ed. white than bloc. . _
His damp; great grand-daughter of King Segis
and Pen " rsxorndyke, was~ 2nd Ifijize Junior 4
1’ old in‘ n 7 and 30 day divisions. State of
i’chigan in"'1918; her records being 80.79 lbs.
utter and 653.10 lbs. milk in 7_ days and 124.21
lbs. butter and 2779 90 lbs. milk in .30 days.'_
His 32 lb. sire is b a son of Pontiac De hi3-

 
lander, a. 35.43 lb. Michigan champion. The. 32
lb. dam of his sire is also a 2nd Prize-Michigan
in the Senior 4 yr. old 7 day dIVIBIOD in

ow
3918 and her darn a 29.43 1b

. 00W.
First check for $250.00. gets him f_ o. b.
White Pigeon. Mich. PediaIree and photo on
request. A ERT A

r LB - u
130 N. Wells Street, Chicago, Ill,
' I
FOR SALE—REG. HOLSTEIN DULLS FROM

 
dam d for eervwe.
A' R RIM. aiiﬁi’h, n. 5. Howell, Mich.
ALE—HOLSTEIN BULL our 8
:23: aid. Dam 28.91 1m; butter. sire 33' in
with 1,100 lb. year Price $300.00 or

reeo .
f su table female_
mu excrggg‘k grROS., Fowlervllle, Mich.

 
FOR SALE—ENTIRE HERD OF SHORTHORN
Cattle. Cows, heifers. 'and cows with calves byV side.
Priced to.sell. Satisfaction guaranteed. . B.
tested. Write now.

H. E. LIVERMORE, Romeo, Mich.
FOR SALE—48HORTHORN BULL OALF. ROAN

9 months. 0f herd of Joe Murray & Sou.
MRS. JOE MURRAY, R. 2, Brown City, Mich.

DURHAMS

 
FOR SALE—FIVE REGISTERED DURHAM
bulls from ten months one year old. I have
also a few female Durhame for lilo.

HENRY J. LYNCH, Mayvllle, Tuscola 00., Mich.

 
ANGUS

WE HAVE SOME FINE YOUNG ANGUS BULLS

from International Grand Champion Stock at

reasonable prices. E. H. KERR & co.. Addison,
Ich.

FOR SALE—SIX YOUNG ABERDEEN-ANGUS
giws  hegfelizs. Well;  good indiv1duals,
‘. . . ic .

I“i350. (bin-"AWAY a son. Ovid, Mich.

SPECIAL PRICE ON BULLS, RANGING IN
age from 8 to 11 months, until Jan. lst. 1923.
RUSSELL BROS., Merrill. Mich.

 
32 Hill] HﬂlSiEINS

of butter in one year.

companies each animal.

COL. D. L.

 
Complete   

(TestEd) 17 fresh or to be fresh. Many
with A. R. 0. record up to 27 lbs.
,One Bull, a son of King Flint, out of a cow with a record of 927 lbs.

Herd on accredited list for tuberculosis. Certiﬁcate of health ac-

LAKE ODESSA, MICH.
Wednesday, January 24th, 1923, Starting at u A. M.

Free Lunch and Transportation from Trains _
PERRY, Auctioneer R. AUSTIN BACKUS, in Box
'  L. L. HENNEY and C. M. LEPARD, Owners,

' a. i. LAKE 0025». men
|(Farm 2 miles west and one-quarter mile north of town)

, V .,   meteor for, ca. v

 
S'i‘ersion Sale

 
 'VETERINARij.V' ; 
, DEPARTMENT *7. 3'
Mm]! GOOD vnmnnvam’ AN" " '

their ability, their training and their

.farmin

  
' Oi!

 
explanation. is animal 

 
We have a ﬁve year old , cow.
About four weeks after. freshenlng
her one teat became bloody, appar—
ently'there 'was no fever. It was
like that for about a week and then/
we thought she was all right. About
two days ago went bad again. Und-
or these conditions could we best
her now‘ if not cured—V. H., Beu-
lah, Mich. . ‘

.-—The cow in question is suffering
a persistent corpus lateum in the
ovary. If this is dislodged by a
veterinarian who has had experience
in the treatment of the reproductive
organs of cattle It is quite probable
that the cow will come in. heat. '—
John P. Hutton, Associate Prof. of
Surg. and Med., M. A. C.

 
COW HAS MASTITIS

I have a four 'year old heifer that
freshened in April; 1921. She came
in heat twice in the following Aug-
ust and was served by a bull but did
not get with calf and has not come
in heat since. Cow is fat and in
good health and not giving mll'k.
What can I do for her to bring her in
heat?———J. D., Tyre, Mich.

——It is quite probable that there is
from mastitis. It would be all right
to beef her if she has not elevation
of body temperature and there are
no large abscesses in the udder. —
John P. Hutton, Assoc. Prof. of
Surg. and Med., M. A. C.

 
FIFTEEN YEARS OF WOOD LIFE
TRAGEDY
(Continued from page 24)

we know it, would come to an end.
In the United States today three
billion dollars are invested in man-
ufacturing plants where the raw ma-
terial is Wood. Fourteen million
people, or one—eigtht of the total
population of the country, are de-
pendent upon these wood—working
plants for their livelihoods. Yet
within the lastﬂve. years seven
thousand sawmills have been junked
in this country because of lack of
material.

'The hour for action is not ahead
of us. It is here. Tomorrow will be
too late. If every governor in every
state realized this today there would
be a wholesale resignation of in-
competents througholut the land,
and their replacement by men who
are technically and professionally
ﬁtted. Conservation and propaga-
tion is a science. It is a. life and
death problem confronting a hund-
red and twenty million people in
the United States. It is not a triv-
ial matter to be juggled in the hands
of politicians, or to be guided hap-
pen—chance by lucky appointees
chosen from any and every walk of
life. It is a problem for broad and
intelligent minds technically and
professionally prepared for the gi-
gantic work in hand—the very men
who are held back, kept out, and
seldom employed. And there seems
to me but one inference. Such men,
the very biggest that can be secured
for the work, will not prostitute

profession by seeking political in—
ﬂuence. They cannot swing counties
or sections of states. Such men are
employed in our colleges and our
universities. Upon them wedepend
for the education of our children and
the advancement of science. They
have forgotten more about real con—
servation than the conservation de-
partments of all our states will ever
know. Yet governors seldom ap-
point them, legislatures rarely em-
ploy them. Why?

 
i3on T0 Goon OLD MICHIGAN

As I am returning to Grand Haven.
Michigan, (Good Old Mlchl ) you can
send the next and £011 g copies of
M. B. F.. to that address and obi e. I
enJoy the paper and am disappoin ed 11
I miss a. copy.

While I am not ensured in active farm—
ing my heart is in that work and as Glad-
stone said early in his lltlcoJ life that,
is one of the oremost founder
tions 0 an commonwealth I like to keep
informed 0 its progress, for It is making

regress now as at no other time in his-

:y'. Thankin you, I' remain. M. A.
Connor. old ed as Salt Lake Ci . Utah,
new address, Grand Haven. Mich gen.

 
Child of-eight bitten by a dog‘s—.1
fonts:-

V

 
' ' 5 more.
in Inland o orha

co HEAD nee].
. hm. v. 109

 
GUERNle I I. 1y. IIARC LI”
and AK 11,. . robust and 
blood Norman as Red Nose

 
_ JERSEYS .. _
JERSEY tannins. ATTENTION!

rvice

 
vldnals. ' ric

odorll ammuligl'idhoiu “1 m "11'

mouuuo nan
snow. Mich.

W . ﬂer several r bills d f :
312:: 1: silver ﬂing" and  git. ems.
0 '.

Samuel Odell
Owner rm upt.
REG. JERSEYS. ‘POGIS 99th.OF H.
Majesty breeding. Yound stock for sale. Herd
fullyt accredited; borStsltfcan mIsiederel .w
1' VB] n n.

W" iw°v o. wusun, ELDING, mien.

  '—YE~ARLING JERSEY BULL.
Shopie 19th Tormentor breeding.
J. E. MORRIB. Formlnaton. Mich.
HEREFORDS

 
"ensconced
EARLIIIIPE HEREFORD
near run

which guarantees maximum
prices. nvestigate personally
the success of other Michigan
Eameni. For further informa-
tion write

T. F. B. surname SONS
(Hereford: since 1889) ’ ' St. Clair. Mich.

—FOR BALE

RIVERVIEW HEREFORD 3.11., .1...

few females. WM. 0. DIOKEN. Smyrna, Mich.

AYRSHIRES

FOR SALE—REGISTERED AYRSHIRE
bulls and bull calves. heifers and heifer some.
’Also some choice cows.

FINDLAY BR08.. R 5. Mich. '

L

 
Van-r.

RED POLLED
RED POLLED liATTLEﬁ. 372%.??? iii:

ROYSTAN STOCK FAR
Will

M.
Gottle. R. R. 1. Vilest Branch Michigan

BROWN SW'ISS

 
FOR SALE—REGISTERED BROWN SWISS
heifers and cows, also one bull. Herd federal ac-
credited. I ELMWOOD FARMS. Sebewalng, Mich.

 
DUROGS ,
L. A. Burhans, R. l, Lyons, Mich,

Bred 512;” Sale

February 12, 1923
45 Bred Sows, bred to Wolverine

 
7. (ailments. no": so.   7 "

SWINE 

Accredited held. A. II. cairn, Lani city, Ioii. '7

'Adolh. eel .
no,” so

\

Sensation and Wolverine Decoration. '

Write for Catalogue

ssusmou MARSI gy,;,newby.... M...

II ‘D'
Reserve grand champion National SwineMghsdw
19 We are taking orders for and sows
for spring farrow bred to this wonderful boar.
SCHAFFER BR08., Route 4. Oxford, Mich.

PEAGH HILL FARM Du... p... em...

sex. Priced ver reasonable. Write us.
INWO D BR08.. Romeo, Mich.

offers choice weanling

'HiLL cnesr ounocs. PERRINTON men,

We are breeding twent sows and ends a
t9 a son of GREAT 0 ION SENSATION Year-
132, spring E’I'lds fallt bloﬁir‘s. NEINT“I f & BLANK.

rm m e e rs sou
Gratlot O0.) Mich. a o Ilddmn'

REGISTERED DUROG JERSEY Pl .
Prnd S {Emblem DBrookgvagelt') stocki, gigs Am
op. ne am 0 a ms (1 ' nee.
ORLA WISE. 80. Lyons,o’Mﬁ>l-h.ono

 
0. II C.

REGISTERED O. l. c. SERVICE 0

Bred Gilts. priced to sell. 3 Ans AND
J. R. VAN E'I'TEN. Clifford. Mich.

O. I. O.’s 20 LAST MARCH AND P

Gilts bred for March and April farrow. Big Ano a".

ones. Record free. One—half mile west 0

City phone. Otto‘ B. Schulze, Nashville,

BRED sows AND FALL GILTS FOR SALE
iso some fall boars. Pedi ree furnished.
ILBUR JONES. Route 0. 1, Romeo, Mich.

HALIPSHIRES

“1A cigmogl T0i (idETb 8&ME FREQ; HAMP-
1ree. oar u, are y n. e 3 Again.
Gilt Edge Tipton. Messenger All Over 10th. Gen.
Pershing 2nd.. and other amt been. Writ. for
list and prices. DETROIT CREAMEBY HOG
FARM. Route 7. Mt. Clemens. Mich.

HAMPSHIREHPRING BOARO .AND BRED
(lite from 25 sows to select from. Place your
order now or you may be to late. 10th ear.
JOHN W. SNYDER. R. 4. St. Johns. Ich-

HAMPSHIRE BRED OILTS 20—;25. Brod
cows 5 ' ‘ M

 
depot.
Mloh.

 
. Guarantee safe delivery.
F. Luok‘herd. ‘Baoh. Mich.

SHEEP

8.00 BRED EWES F OR SALE

Mw.m1to4

\ —.

tered free. 0.

 
o - no on [cod condition,
he  o g min: to’lunb my
mtg-1i ‘ miles 8. » . of trait on De-

trait and Toledo Dixie . way. 
staph address. ~

human 3. ounun‘u._fso.'-Ro¢mdi "Mlo'h;_ '
r, ,- ! z . v-w—Vr..- ‘ ‘ﬁ' '
mac "2' is. i?" "till..." ,

 
1330

   
 'c. -
.tf: —
i, :1

A  D
4
i r
,‘ a
'7 _v
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. ,7 
V "- .31!
A ‘31.?
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if
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 I’/
i  Q's-'-

 
. tero-hepatitis

 on POULTRY
INFECTIOUS entero-h‘epatitis is a

communicable disease of turkeys
and chickens characterized by an

” inﬂamatiOn of the intestines, mainly
. titer—ceca (enteritis), and the liver

(hepatitis). It is commonly called
blackhead, due to the fact that a
number of the affected birds show a

I V bluish or purplish discoloration» of

the comb, wattles and skin of the

 head. This results from a lack of

oxygenatiOn of the blood and may
accompany any disease which has a
tendency to interfere with the circul-
ation. A considerable number of
fowls Suffering from infectious en-
fails to show this
symptom. I It should, therefore, be
evident that the mere presence or
absence of ‘blackhead’ does not mean

80 very much to the diagnostician.-

Young turkeys from one month to
one year of age are most susceptible
to this disease. Older turkeys and
chickens show a higher degree of
resistance. Chickens or turkeys
which have recovered from an attack
ofinfectious entero-hepatitis may be-
come carriersof the infection.

~This disease is caused by a pro-
tozon microparasite called Histom—
onas meleagridis. Diseased ﬂocks
constitute the main source of infec-
tion. Droppings of sick birds or
carriers contain the organism, it has
also recently been shown that eggs
of the intestinal worm of poultry
called Heterakis papillosa may har-
bor the Histomonas meleagridis, a
fact which will account for the per-

'sistence of the infection in contamin-

‘into healthy ﬂocks.

ated soil. Infectious entero—hepati-
tie is most commonly spread by in-
troducing diseased birds or carriers
Persons, birds,
nodents or other animals may also
carry the infection from place to

- place mechanically.

Symptoms

Although the symptoms may vary
in different outbreaks the following

_signs of disease are usually notice-

able: Droppiness, ruffled feathers,
slow movements, weakness, lack of
appetite, yellow to yellowish green
diarrhea, darkening of the comb,
wattles and skin of the head, and in
protracted cases emiciation. Death
may occur as early as the third
day after the ﬁrst appearance of the
symptoms. In chronic cases it may
take three to four weeks before the
disease results fatally. The mortal-
ity ranges from 10 to 90 per cent
of the ﬂock, depending upon the
amount of exposure and to the age
of the fowls.

The most common pathological
changes consist of thickening and
ulceration of the walls of the ceca
(blind pouches) and spots on the
liver. These spots vary in size and
color at times present a sunken ap—
pearance. In general it may be said
that they are gray and tinged with
yellow, green or brown. In some
cases no lesions appear in the liver.
One case has been reported in which
the primary lesion was found in the
proventriculus. Secondary lesions
appeared on the serous (outside)
surfaces of adjacent organs while
the ceca were normal.

A person familiar with ontero—

«hepatitis will in most cases be able

to diagnose the disease by its history,
symptoms and lesions. However, it
may at, times be necessary to submit
specimens for laboratory diagnosis.
In such cases one should not make
the mistake of sending the head of
a diseased bird because it would in
no way aid the diagnostician. If
the laboratory is fairly close at hand
the whole bird should be submitted,
otherwise the ceca and. liver may be‘
sent in suitable containers.

Treatment
Ipecac, sulphur, triplesulpho—car-
bolates and catechu have been used

- as’ remedies against entero-hepatitis.‘

The two former drugs have recently
been proved worthless by carefully

conducted experiments. Some people

who have used triplesulpho-carbol-

 «ates (1 tablet to each quart of
 ~ drinking'm

 
star) claim‘that affected
are greaﬂyteneﬂtted by this
. "The ‘mai'nfobjection to this

3718

 
treatment seems t9 be the" high price
of the drug. Crude catechu given
in the drinking water is inexpensive
and convenient to apply. Those who
have tried this remedy claim that
excellent results can be obtained by
giving one teaspoonful of powdered
crude catechu to each gallon of
drinking water, keeping this solu-
tion before the ﬂock as long as the
outbreak lasts. This dosage is for
adult turkeys. In order to make the
treatment more effective one should
prepare the ﬂock by feeding sparing-
ly for one day. The following morn-
ing give 1 to 5 teaspoonfuls of epsom
salts to each ten fowls (dose depend-
ing on age and size of birds) in wet
mash. The amount of mash be such
that it will be cleaned up at one
meal The following afternoon put
catechu in ,_the drinking water. As
catechu has a constipating effect it
is advisable to give epsom salts from
time to time to assure proper elimi-
nation. In this connection it may be
well to warn against the use of drugs
in order to “keep the ﬂock well.”
A long continued use of medicines
will invariably reduce the resistance
of the fowls and will pave the way
for diseases rather than prevent
them. Perfect health is the result
of good and sound parentage plus
the regular application of the prin-
ciples of hygiene and sanitation in
feeding and housing.

Prevention

To rid soil of‘contamination with
Histomonas meleagridis is exceed-
ingly difﬁcult especially if the fowls

have been allowed to range on large

ﬁelds. It is deﬁnitely known that
the infection will remain in the soil
for many years without losing its
disease-producing power. On
’account turkey raising has become
unproﬁtable in certain parts of the
United States. Successful prevention
must ‘therefore begin with clean
premises and clean stock. Turkeys
or chickens should never be intro—
duced from infected ﬂocks. If there
is any doubt as to the absence of
black-head infection in the ﬂocks
from which birds have been taken
it is advisable to keep them conﬁned
in isolation quarters for at least one
month before turning them loose.
By doing this it is possible to detect
any disaese which might be present
and to avoid the infection of clean
premises and healthy fowls.
bought, for hatching should be
washed with 70 to 80 per cent alco—
hol as an additional safety measure.
The Histamonas melegridis may be
present on the shells. In View of
the fact that infection may be intro-
duced by means of mechanical car-
riers one should give this possibiility
due attention.

If the disease made its appear-
ance on a farm all visibly aﬁected
should be preferably killed and
burned. The houses should be
cleaned, the litter burned and the
walls, ﬂoors, roosts, feeding and
drinking utensils ,should be disin—
fected by a liberal application of a
3 per cent solution of compound
solution of cresol or a similar coal-
tar product. This disinfection of the
soil of run—ways and ranges is very
difﬁcult and the most radical efforts
in this direction may result in dis-
appointment. If turkey—raising is
attempted on infected premises it is
best to do so in enclosed yards in
order to limit the source of infection
and permit frequent disinfection.
Under this system it is also possible
to move the ﬂock from one yard to
another which will also aid in min-
imizing the amount of exposure, pro-
vided the evacuated yards are cleaned
and disinfected every time the ﬂock
«is moved. Stagnant pools of water
must never be allowed on any poul-
try farm. If affected birds are to
be held for treatment they should
be kept apart from the ones which
still appear to be well, and there
may be some question as to the ad—
visability of ever turning them loose
among the ﬂock again.—H. J. Step-
seth, Bacteriological Section, M. A. C.

 
Keep the M. B. F. coming. [See

Ipago 25.’ 

 
this .

Eggs .

 
your poultry yard.

Feed

   
of all nerve tonics.
hold still.
her hop around.

eat.

just get eggs——eggs.
an industrious hen.

breakfast.

100 hens, the 12-"). pkg.

GUARANTEED

DR. HESS & CLARK

ee-to it that there is song and
cac 1e, scratch and action, going on in

That’s when the eggs come.

Dr. Hess Poultry

PAN-A-CE-A

See them get busy. It gives hens pep.

Nux Vomica is what does it—that greatest
A Pan-a—ce—a hen can’t
It’s her good feeling that makes

Pan-a-ce-a has Quassia in it to make hens
hungry. Great combination! One makes them
eat—the other helps them digest what they

. N o_ dormant egg organs when that com-
binatlon gets to work on a hen’s system.

A Pan-a-ce-a hen is always a hungry hen—-
. _ She gets off the roost
Winter mornlngs, ready to scratch for her

Tell, your.deale'r how many hens you have.
Theres a right-Size package for every ﬂock.
200 hens, the 25-lb. pail
60 hens, the 5-15. pkg. ' 500 hens, the 100-112. drum

For fewer hens, there is a smaller package.

 
You

"'41

  
Ashland, 0.

      
I spent 30
years in perfect-
Pam-a-ce-a.
GILBERT Hsss
MD., D.V.S.

      
51-

 
and paint bills.

 
I Ill llllll ll

 
Building l’lan Department,

 
KALAMAZOO TANK & SILO C0., Dopi.uA Kalamazoo, Mich.

superior quality of Kalamazoo Tile means perfect ensilage. Stock raising and dairying
are by far the most profitable types of farming, and silage is unques-
tionably‘the most economical feed for livestook and dairy cattle.

W Tile and Wood Silos m

Our Glazed_Tile silos are everlasting—dccay—proof, storm—
proof, vcrmm-proof; Will not burn or blow down; save repair
Three dcad air spaces make perfect insu-
lation against cold, heat. dampness. Kalamazoo Tile is made from selected
quality clay in our own plant located in the center of the finest tile clay district. ’
Our Wood Stave Silos have stood the test of 30 years.
pioneer silo builders. All Kalamazoo Silos are ﬁtted with continuous door
frames of galvanized angle steel. Send for our free bookof silo information.
The Kalamazoo Plan .
Get the facts about Kalamazoo Tile and our building
service—drawings and blue prints to ﬁt requirements. Write for beauti-
fully colored illustration of the Modem Kalamazoo Plan.

“'e are America's

Address

 
BOWERS Colony

More Chicks --- Less Cost

This broodcr is a chick-saver and a money
maker. '
less cost than other brooders. Stove is best
In the world to hold ﬁre—air-ti ht and self-'
rer" lating. lt burns soft coal—t e cheapest
broodcr fuel—perfectly. Cuts
fuel costs in half. Stove will
also um hard coal, wood,
coke, etc. Regulator main-
tains even heat night and
day. 0 trouble. Sizes
for 500 or l000 chicks.

low priced Write TODAY.

‘1 F.M. Bowers & SonsCo.
1418 W. Wash. St.

 
140-!“ Sizo— Guaranteed — has
double walls. copper tank, full-size
nursery, automatic regulation
thermometer held so that chicks
cannot break it when hatching
Detroit Brooderb. too. b
walled. hot water heated. Wrﬂo for
both chines.

Detroit Incubator $1

 
It raises more and better chicks, at -

 
‘ Rockies, Hot

   
. ' ——a real bargain a
Shipped complete, set up ready

140 Egg Incubator and B
180. Egg Incubator and B

yvant direct from this ad.
if not pleased.
until you get our new 1923 cats

WISCGISII IICIIBATOR 00.

 
per tanks—double walls—den
air space—double glass doors

180 Egg Incubator Alon.

250 Egg Incubator Alone
250 Egg Incubator and Broader -
Made of California Redwood—lasts lifetim . Pos'ti cl
the best value on the market today. Orderihe sihevy ’
30 days trial—money be
If not ready tol order no
03.

The value of a good silo reaches its greatest height in a Kalamazoo Glazed Tile Silo because the

 
E991ncubator$
30 Days Trial

 
32—5

water co - 

t $13.25.
to use.

rooder

roodor -

w, don’téu'u
Dcpi.138 Racine. ML

 
15.75
22.00
22.75,
31.00

 
BABY CHICKS—WHITE ENGLISH LEGHORIS

’l‘om Barron strain. Whit
Rocks. S O. R. e a

I. Reds, Buﬂ’ 0

nd Barr

. ed Plymouth
rpmgtons,

All pure

bred from selected stock. Live arrival guaranteed.

Postage paid. do custom

DURAND

hatching.

0
HATCH ERV, Fenton. Nloh.

 
 HAVE SHIPPED THOUSANDS

each
breeds, free booklet With

season since 1904.
guarantee and delivered

Different

price. Froopon Hatchery, Box 10, Frooport. Mich.

 
opochllovprlooon ma flaunt   —REMARKABLE FOR SIZE

 Incubator Co.  prices. Leglmrns. Anco'iiliig. libec'gthedﬁwxgk

I’m-L0;- , "I‘m 5*- ° "' ‘1“ivm‘llfm‘p‘stirklméﬁmsw‘ih ‘3 ﬂ"
WHEN WRITING TO‘ ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION ‘

 
THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER

  
years to

 BABY  

Guaranteed Chicks From Select certiﬁed Flochs'
J Kept on free range. Carefully ted  cared for—to insure the best
-%Hli¥lamei13ds oiivu LEOHORNS, ANCONAS, 50, $1.50: 100,

K.
Hoeson

LEOT

erenee.
‘e ‘ Oetﬁloolo‘ghdoght our busineu not only this year but for
come and we 

so as to merit your continued patronage.
COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS,

 
300, $75.

52.03:.Boga'100, s10; _ I
' 2 F hundred higher.
’ ~23. Bun: Be!

more. >
from Certiﬁed Fiooks,
full live count
certainly endeavor to handle your orders

Box B, leelend, Michigan

‘ the United States Were» hatched and-

 
GOO

8.0.

  
ear.

31.2.13" the“.

 
fro
from tru nested h
L p- 5 $5.560“,
$25.
stra n

D CHICKS-FAIR PR]

and Utility' Guides on
R. I. Beds.

in
so!

MICHIGAN HATOHERY A POULTRY FARMS, Box A, Holland, Michigan

50 250100301

uuihy Chicks com me
hens. Great value
1.50: 100. $15:
: 50. : 10

Barron Type White also Barred

horns,
Customer report Pulletsuieying at 4 months
by males bred by men. an. Oollese
s57: Rooks end Reds, as, $6.15; so,

tree re s,
I Medium Price": chIcIu. Its
20.0, :33: $200. $138. Bar-red
todf ’d'ne' eent hr chick on _ell orders
' liveRdelivery mnn d by prepaid Parcel
enk

ed
300
00,

eierence.

 
Buff In ns

    
‘ W en you WE!)

WHITE and BROWN LEGHORNS.
BARRED ROCKS, R. and
1,000 Orders at 500 rate.
RHODE ISLAND WHITES, 100,teed
Postpaid, full live delivery eran .
laying flocks. Order _NOW 1km

r
your business and W111 try to hol

 9x"  ". «cam.

0;... w. “meg-leg...“ ﬂ... y-m mnynggm ~ 5

FROM
WHITE
BARHED
Well batched in
this untee en
advertirgment NOW,
' have our careful
Catalog now ready.

 
».
,4,

A A.

. . h t them. Catalog f
'1‘:‘-'—~ . TRI-STATE HATCHERIES,

Michigan Chicks

ANCONAS, 50,
S. c. REDS, 50, $8.50;

18; 200,
3 Strong, vigorous Chicks from select, heavy
et

modern

BABY CHICKS

$10.50 PER 100 AND UP

From Hogan hogtieduweiI-kept and housed heav

W Ite Rocks s,>
Bum and h, White'Wyandottes: . . . . . . . “60
hits, Brown and Bufi‘ Leghorns: . . . . . . . . .. ,
xed- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I".— '- - . this
' E- Postpaid, full live dehvery aggrmteedo  F051: PTCHING.
ox

. d .
Ignitthlllaef‘erence, Holland City State

KNOLL'S HATOHERY, Box L, Holland.

B  $12 per 100 and UP:

SELECT,
LEGHORNS, ANCONAS
ROCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

machines.
Postpaid to you and full live amvnl
' youd mttiiailefsn when
an ge

‘ WE WANT
DemonlllillIN'ét'I'eng‘Mn’HATCHERY, Box H5, leeiand, Michigan

laying flocks

- 100, 16; 500.
00, 1.50: 50
o , : 0’ $81
11 D

: , 8. O
Minoroas gas”; 4
$1.50; 1

neonas,

o v
or 100
NOW from

Guaranteed Michigan 
Bred and Hatched

500, $80.

1 00. 1 8:
s 500. $75-

100. $18:

$7:

$35.

hn uwantthem Iwant”
themweyo E]

Michigan

71.50
. $85
.50
straight
them

ad. an ge
Reference, 4 Banks.
7 Arohboid, Ohio

 
, VIGOROUS HENS
 REVISE"; 1 108:318 50
‘ 0—4$ully8' o ugly 1fed an5
gfnmd. “Wis 2(1):? cyou _E(iik Reference and
me' in "one  yogi Cgii‘ikiirgir and
you "m cm' Yoyun BUSINESS.

requests
New

 
Strong.  us.
SINGLE OMB WHI
REDS, WHITE WYA

 
r:
NOOTTES,
o‘npm

Chicks That Make Profits

- hicks‘ H i 'ng flocks of .
wenhmhi‘iaogvn enhmiiurgnisd'iionus, RHODE ISLAND

'1°°% m...“ “sacrum-
' e . .
h“ on L BfﬁI-"FTON HATGHERY, Box L, Blui'fton, Ohio

WHITE nocxs BARRED noose. sun:
TONS'and ANCONAS

a w
Postpaid. Catalog givmg particulars also price

 
Hetdied from
insure strong

MORENCI HATCHERIES. Box 3,

. ens, MINORCAS, AncouAs.so s;1co, 15-500, 14
ﬁbi¥E°wﬁ°u$sor$  gun: 0 KS . . . . . . . . . . ..so.sd.:o;1oo, 185500,:78
wane, anowu and sure LEGHORNS . . . . . . ..5o,sr.so;1oo, 14:500,$65

Postpaid to your door. 100% live delivery guaranteed. Catalog free. Bank Reference.
Morenol,

GUARANTEED CHICKS

High Wing Quality Fowls on free range, properly fed and housed to
Chicks.

 
Mich. um I. s. c. A. 

 
Rooks,

 
Chicks With Pep

11 Tested Flocks. Postpaid

. and SH.
Inn-:30 si‘éf'1%%‘"si

s . :

Is'iiies, eII ten-Iona, 311' per 100

Reed: lulu-r7 26th. Free Catalog.

HOLGATE HATCHERY, Box a,

endottes
AimWnii'Jsr and BuﬂL II so 1
- ems, ;

0n 500.25 on- i300

 
$11 per 100 and up

BuII
Wh.
H-

100, $1 .
10% on.

full live delivery guaranteed.
56 $9.25; 100 18. same and
50. 58-25; 100, $1 . Anoonas and
'm.

ember I. B.

Holsate. Ohio

 
prod ' Wilma! at leading
.‘ “capo: ,Wimren at lee

s e
b ’sszs’o. WII

Poetpei
early a
u- Catalog.

‘Reference 2

"EERTIFIED CHICKS

shows.

shows.
BRO

dug

a WHITE and
We? $11.50. ANCONAS,
ITE anowu L HORNS SELECT,

EG

' - . ucouAs, SELECT, so,
‘18.“, taco odd: 66:13AM 100% live delivery guaranteed,
when you want them. reed

Banks. TMNLINE POUL

B . strons viimro
WH Lacudnms

GUARANTEED.
tested, free range stock. Our
is modern 5

10 mm mreful '

CERTIFIED

    
$1.56; 10125 “for um!
tins

ea
Iceland, Mich.

lso b mg stock an in WA, ‘kar
TRY FARM,.B°:irﬂ27? Chic

 
:9 '1 :sisbo: (£32.50;

careful attention.

Them tint I "sell
in

   
"1 W.th

10% OFF THESE PRICES ON ORDERS RECEIVED BEFORE FEBRUARY 15th.
Get our ﬁne new «the. it’s free. We want your business end will give it our mo“ 
RURAL POULTRY FARM. Route 1 B, Iceland, Michigan.

SUNBEWAWMWEQTCHERy..

Who‘d  E ‘ disease and
' will mean
ﬂaw .ﬁkﬁ'fh ﬁre-.3 rat", I?!“

. 3 , .50. WHITE AI BU'FF ORPI TONS.
  ‘ 10 S10: \ "1. V. ' _-  Vull live
i .l— . _ ,; I i _. . .
I g, I w ' n'nnow,' will when you went-them.

GUARANTEED CHICK

m] 100% 11" errivel mnnteed. Postpaid. Personally impacted end hatched from

STATE INSPECTED Bloch. PURE TOM BARRON STRAIN WHITE LEGHORNS, 50

$8.50; 100, $16: 500. $11.50: 1,000, $150. HEAVY LAYING BROWN LEGHORNS,

315; 500 812.50; 1,000, $140. SELECT ANCONAS, 50, $9: 100,
1,006, "so. 0

     
‘1 , Oil in I [I
m perent stock
kﬂt on free range, v

T embles no to procnes
#0 mg customers. PRIC S:
i 5.1:. sure. c.3-
A od'rrts Ann '3. mince!

person
'ble

strains,
ted.

3

 
Findlay. iolflernberlgj c. '-

.that number of chicks.

 
cent of theichicks produced in:

sold right from the‘incubators by the-
mammoth hatcheries. .‘ * ” '

In northern Ohio are most ple'nti-"
ful and where they have been longest
in operation the big majority of the-
farmers now buy their chicks from
the hatcheries, having found this
method is much more economical
than trying to produce them at home
by the old methods and has other
advantages besides that of economy.
Very few, if. any, of these farmers
have gone back to the old methods
after once trying this way of supply-
ing the needed chicks each spring.

To handle these chicks to the best
advantage the only equipment need-
ed is a suitable small house and a
colony brooder stove. For 600 or
less chicks a house 10x12 or 10x14
feet "is required. This should be just
high enough to allow the attendant
to move about in it comfortably and
should have a good tight ﬂoor. Many
of these houses are mounted on run-
ners, simply 2x4 or 2x6 timbers set
up edgewise, and they may then
readily be moved about from place'
to place as desired. The ﬁrst cost
of the 2 or 25 brood coops required
to hen brood 400 or 500 chicks will
more than cover the cost of such a
house and the stove to go in it.
Frequently there is a small building
already at hand which may be con-
verted into a very suitable brooder
house.

When the attempt is made to pro-
duce the crop of chicks by the old
method'there is a great waste of
time in setting and caring for a lot
of hens, and lateron a. lot of small
broods of chicks. Besides, the time
of the hens throughout the hatching
season is wasted, since they might
just as well be producing eggs for
the market during all this time.
These eggs will go part way toward
paying for the chicks. When thel
chicks are purchased they are all one
age, and one size throughout the
growing season; also all one color
if one variety is purchased and they
will be nearlygalike in feeding re»
quircments. If the chicks ,are pro:
duced by the old. methods they will
be of many different ages and sizes,
and frequently. at the end of the
hatching season the farmer’s wife
has not" suCceeded in getting nearly
as many chicks as she had planned to
have. ' f

These" chicks are shipped to the
buyers as soon as they are nicely
dried of! in the incubators. They
are mailed in boxes made especially
for this purpOse, and go safely 1,000
to 1,500 miles. ,‘ ”

One of the greatest advantages,
however, in buying chicks is the fact
that such a purchase direct from a
good hatchery enables the farmer to
switch in one season and at practic-
ally no expense from a ﬂock of mon-
grels, mixed breeds or an unsatis-
factory ﬂock of pure breds to a ﬂock
of good pure bred fowls or pullets,
all one age, one size, one color and
one in food requirements throughout
the season. If a ﬂock of 200 layers
is desired, it is advisable to buy 500
chicks at one time. As a. rule, one-
half or more are mules, and, natur-
ally, there may be some loss before
maturity. ‘ .

If these chicks are properly fed
and cared for, there need be but
little loss. We have known 500
chicks to be brought to maturity
with a loss of only 20, and these
were lost largely through accident.
As soon asthe combson the cock-
erals begin to show growth it is
well to separatethem from the pul—
lets, and feed quite liberally. At
ten or twelve weeks old [these cock-
rels will be ready forthe market
and will bring in more actual cash
than was paid for the entire bunch.
of chicks when purchased. Then al-
so it will likely be advisable to dis-
pose .of all the old hen stock on the
place to make room for the ﬂock
of pure bred pullets. This will mean
putting the 200 old hens on the mar-
ket, which will be another very con-
siderablesource of revenue.

‘v- I; *‘IV “:1 I“?! , .. . ’ i
T- is estimated... that last season ,
I  : (Spring’ or 1922)! only =‘tsnﬂ-=mw'~ ,,

A FEW
MR

. Advertisements inserted" under
this heading at 300 per agate line,
, per Issue. Commercial Baby Chick.
‘ advertisements 450 per agate line‘.‘
Write out what .‘wu hays to‘ odor.
and send It’ in. s will put It in _
type, send prodfnnd quote-rites 'by
return mail. Address The mommy
Business Farmer. Advertising -De-.-,.
partment. Mt. Clemens,‘Mlehignn;"" V.

PIILLETS. 'iiEiis All) .mmns 1 ~
3. c. WhiteLeghorns was. and n. o: Blob
umom Must make room before ’eold weatl ~r.
About ready to lay. .. v .

LAPHAM FARMS, Plnokney. Mich.
fiLv2530.s§i."0‘o°Lfn?i "5530.231.- 
PO'FT, Port Huron, Micro, R. No. 1, Ben M.
elm: VLIchh BRAHMA ‘C‘OOKERELS‘

aft, 4 . .
s. s. s.’ WiLLE'rs, Reading, men.

LEGHORNs

LEGHORoNS- ’

  
an
WA?" E

,  . ’WYANDo'r'rEs

WYANDOTTES—MARTIN STRAIN
higan tﬁStute Fair winners, 1922. 'Oockerels
ulle ,

3 to 7. .
,CI-IfPMAN,‘ Washlnaton. Mich, Route 2.

FOR 8AL4E&HIGH GRADE WHITE WYAH-
dotte and R. C}. Rhode Island lted cockercls—
$3.00 each until Jamier
C. W. HEIMBACH, R.

 
WHITE

 
1. - - ,
1, Big Rapids. Mich.

FOR BALE—ecHOIOE WHITE WYANDO'I'I'E
cockerels. Fishel strain at 3. Ale

0 hatchinreggs.
MRS. TRACY RUSH,

 
. 1, Ithaoa,‘Mioh,._.

 
g PLYMOUTH ROCK ~~ I:

 
WHITE PLYMOUTI-I‘ ROCKS. LARGE

layilzig1 Ea f hath . $1.75
ere 8. l. 01'

digs. FLOR nor-silo“,

BARRED noo'K 'dock'ls‘nELs. snaornon
Holtermen's Pedigreed Aristocrats ‘ direct. Prico
34—73% 15 -" ' '

BUFF nocx co.I;I(EnELs-i:3..i';f":.::

iform
J.

l . th result. of years of careful breedi
0.,cfichIPPerSOHS. Box Leanna, I352
"HEAVY
each. No
“fin. Poul-shun, Mich.

pallets, winning. mhty

 
or 87 until Feb. .
AYERS a. SON, Sliverwood, Mich.

 
BARRED ROCK’
Detroit and Grand Rs. ids lst and 2nd
ners. W. C. Coﬁ'man, '"enton Harbor, Mlo ., R. S.

cocks-nus. uses or
rise win-

 
suing WHl'fl'E ROQK~5'.cocKeDI:§Lgh l5IbAIrolE w;
an Vigorous rom. _W'l rung S ' . .MC ~'
nAwscurs,,I=AIv,sI), Rio. 4, «

Muskeoon, H Mich.

 
CHOIOE PARKS STRAMED. BARREDIVROCK-
cockerels. 15'

‘ $2.75 ' each until Feb. .
REESE sheen/‘unummn, »"Mioh.'_ 

 
. ort‘iimcrrolvs‘“
'nurr 0iiPlii'iiT0ii cocktails, a,
°°°‘“ "mm a” “a anew-Ana...smmw 

 
RHODE ISLAND Roper"

 
Both combs.
WM

RHODE I8LAND REDS, TOMPKINS STRAIN

took tor-sale after September 15
H. FROHM, New Baltimore. Mich R. til:

 
'l,‘I) RK EYS—DUCKS——GEESE

 
PURE-
FRED

BOURBON nrn TUBKEYS "was?" 

Eﬁ-s in season. -
THOS. 0. CA AGHAN, Fenton,,,Mleh.

MICHIGAN'S BEST OIANT BRONZE TURKEYC
Large, vigorous birds 0
best , strains.

sounn'ou nan Tunms ;
MRS'RENA MEEKS, Belmont, Mich. 5.

i

{splen id color f w ld’
Un late’d' stoe furnishedm‘m or '.

1’0 - .
N. EVALYH RAMSDELL, Innili, MIMI.

 
MAMMOTH

BRONZE TURKEYS. START
strong, .mourous, pure bred
rlces,

Michigan.

EBBI‘NS, Saran-o,

puns MAMMOTH snonzs runxsvs. Inc-

38.00.

us nd heal . 'l‘o s $9.00 hens.
Briiwedu's FARM, nfilo. e, Muskeoon, Mich. f
I HAVE A FEW era‘s: MAMMOTH enouze'

turkeys or sale.
MRS. Id!

Gobblers $10, hens, .37.
ILBUR SPIDLE, East Jordan, Mich. ‘

 
MRS, WILL DILLMAN, n.

WHITE HOaL

The farmers irien‘ .
Se em
35%;nt $1.550 . Hens sic-.00. Trice: 0.0

 SALE—MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS

birds. .’
5. Oassopolls, Mich.

I. II n. runs-£qu

No crop "idilure when... 1:
eat all insects that ‘destyr%y

Beautiful

as the

EN wan-coma. Byron, Centenﬂ'fM oh. 

 
PURE BRED _
sale, $10 each. One last years
1b.. $15. _

w. H. 511m 'runxs'v’s, FOR

bird, ﬁght 28
-M_I-s. _Ed._ coiling, Fostgig-Mlch.

 
son SALE—WHITE j HOLLAND Toms ss.
Satisfaction ‘ “
JOHN an

ﬁnanced. _- _ . . 
FORD, .Dowaalao,.lllich., .‘Cass co.

 
.ORDERS ENTERED NOW AT. 31:50 PER-.
setting for gs from

Mammoth Pet n Ducks raised in'
required for sure delivery. A few choice dmkee
to spare. Cod

the lar est _end - whitest,
ichigan. Deposit
,e
I- Bend Farm, Okemos. Mon.

 
msmmo-rn ream DUCKS AND a. c.
,d. .
RISE"? (Iii-Ii TERPENI a, n. 1, Ithaca,

nnoos

Packer's]! 2 each ‘ »
" HIGH."

».

 
mouse-r Pmose, ,pAIc r‘on LIve‘ Ans:
Dressed: ’Poul : '
3:1 Wear“ '13:; Ohioebb'.“ Iii.

his

 
L'L . 

 
We would sum up some ofthe ad-
vantages and money returns on the
purchase of 500 Chicks as follows:—'—_-}
First the saving of the time of the
hens required to hatch and brood
‘ Allo‘w‘inga
live chicks from each-setting, it will

 
require over 60 hens three weeks: "

ﬁlm: You Pour.an-
FOR SALE?

 
‘ .m.

  
v..-

_‘ : .g.

 
sf: 
i '-
,. if . 
it A
 s i
g.
t is
ii '94
- {'5
a ee
4 i 5
>1 s
i v

 
.AN. AID-1N. rsE;    '

        
"

    
Ivr

was

  
rim

 
t 3.
.r  a It;
1. «A
 Q '
. 
I" 4
‘4 a.
a we
4 4 l
x .
i v

     
vinto‘ layers and proﬁt makers. »

  
  Hens Ijay

"Any poultry raiser can easily and

 
" , quickly double his proﬁts by dou-

bling his egg yield through the re-
markable discovery of' M. B. Smith,
a Kansas City chemist.
‘- 3' ' ‘Working

- 1 along entirely
.‘original lines
_ Mr. Smith dis-_
covered why

hens lay less

' in winter than
in . 7 summer.

and perfected

a formula that

turns loafers

Within‘ ﬁve or six days‘this discovery.
which is called Ditto Egg Tablets, will
rejuvenate your ﬂock. Your hens will
gostrutting and cackling about with red
combs and full of life and pep. Every
nest will. yield an egg nearly every day

.- in the week, which means a lot. since

are certain to sell for 60 cents or

more. This is not guess work as over

' 100,000 successful poultry raisers testify

to the value of Mr. Smith’s products.

Although different from anything you.

ever. heard of, Ditto Egg Tablets are

,. easily administered by simply dropping

in drinking water.

So conﬁdent is Mr. Smith you can
double or triple your egg yield, that he
offers to send two large 81 packages of
Ditto Egg Tablets (enough for a season)
to any reader who, will write for them.
If you are satisﬁed they cost only $1
on this introductory oifer, otherwise,
nothing.

Send no 'money—just your name and
address to M. B. Smith, 1261 Coca Cola
Building, Kansas City, M0. The two 31
packages will be mailed immediately.

en they arrive, pay the postman
only 81 and postage. Use the tablets 10
days. If you are not getting more eggs
or are not satisﬁed for any reason, simply—
return unused tablets and your money
will be returned immediately without

. question. A big Kansas City bank guar-

antees the reliability of this oﬂer. Write
today before this introductory offer is
withdrawn. as you can sell one package
to a friend and thus get your own free.

Chicks World’; Champion Layers

Sheppard
. Famous
Anconu
Direct

 
SILVER . WARD HATCHERY
' Box 420, Zeeland, Mich.

a ﬁ

iii-ﬂu! iHIBKS

Strong, sturdy, S.‘C. White
Leghorns (English, - s t r_ a i n ) ‘
frorn large, vigorous, yearling
hens, raised on our' ovi'n farms.
That lay and pay. Barred
Rocks and ‘Rhode island Reds,
from best laying strains. Send
for our illustrated catalog, free.

.  mncrest Poultry Farms '
  Hatchery

 
  Holland, Michigan.
Star Hatchery 3313856

con-u;

From Select,_ VI routd h
M I

Md. . H.013 LAY n9

wmra and snow
I-IOIINSo and dugzduks
0—33;

0am ans

too—$10 SOIL—$15
Hatched by modern methods
in has machines under our
., . , pencils... Iﬂpel'V‘ISlon. Carefully
-_ packed and sent ostpaid and
§ooq k ve delivery guaranteed; BagTAIlt‘efeﬁence.
o as no chances in orermg

cn‘ioxs. Place ABY

ur order new ad t
when you want tfhm ' a u then
.TAR- HATCHERY, For X, Holland, Michigan

titanium, am cmcxs

TOM uh on, Hon.
8. c_ WHIE LEEGHOIiiil'sl

‘ 1 500 breeders n gm farm.
Hatch every; Tugsday
March 1 t..,-‘ 3'“ at
Sills-3;" ﬁttings?“ shippl 09% I
I  ‘ .. ,  _ l .,

 
' b He m TRY EA
away; '9‘

1.5 Wcshlnstom _ ‘ loll.
nv om 11:"!ng

 
' Hawk County,

starting ,
once for
. hummer.

7.,    Farmer com-,

 
ing 2.0 chicks to a brood it will re-
quire 25 hens for two months to

brood them.— . This is equal to the.

loss of fully three’ months time on
25 hens. This, too, during the.very
best laying season. In these three
months each hen would produce not
less than 4 dozen eggs at the lowest
estimate, meaning 100 dozen eggs,
to say nothing at all about the value
of. the time saved .by the attendant.
It is very little more trouble or work
to care for four or ﬁve hundred
chicks in the proper brooder house
than to take care of a couple of hens
with broods. The .next source of
revenue would he say 200 cockerels
at not less than 50 cents each. If
properly ﬁnished and ma eted they
are more likely to bring 75 cents
each. But we have shown a saving
of at least $25 of eggs laid, and al-
lowing $100 for 200 cockerels gives
us a clear cash return of $125, and
a ﬂock of 200 pullets at 10 or 12
weeks old, the cost of the pullets be-
ing nothing whatever but the feed
which they have consumed to that
age. The 200 old hens which would
be left and marketed in the fall,
since the pullets would replace them
would probably bring $150 more.

The brooder house and stove re-
quired should not cost over $60 to
$70 but this is a permanent invest-
ment since they will last a lifetime.

A few words of caution. Beware
of very cheap chicks. They may
easily be too cheap to be good or
prove satisfactory. Buy direct from
a known hatchery. The men who,
themselves, hatch the chicks and
supervise the ﬂocks from which the

eggs come that produce the chicksﬁ

You will ﬁnd the advertisements of
such hatcheries in the leading farm
publications. Usually the hatcheries
are behind in ﬁlling orders during
the rush season from the middle of
March to the middle of May; hence,
it is well to order quite early if the
chicks are wanted on a certain date
during this period. Provide also
well in advance of the arrival of the
chicks, a. suitable house and brooder
with which to raise them. As a rule,
the hatchery men can advise you as
to these brooder houses and stoves.

CHICK FEEDING

Great care in feeding young chicks
should be exercised. A few don'ts
should be observed.

1-——Don’t feed a chick till it is at
least 48 hours out of the shell.

2—Don't feed too much at a time.

3—Don’t feed sloppy foods.

4—Don't feed poor quality food.

5—Don’t keep the chicks too
warm or too cold. '

6—Don’t overcrowd your chicks.

7-——Don't allow ﬁlth to accumulate
in their quarters.

8—Don't keep chicks indoors too
long.

9——Don’t neglect keeping water
and buttermilk or sour milk before
them at alltimes. l

low—Don’t neglect the, grit and ﬁne

oyster shells and charcoal.——M. A. C.

 
00-OPERATIVE MARKETING or
EGGS

Co-o-perative egg selling associa-
tions have been organized by several
farmers in several parts of the
country. One of the most success—
ful is in Orange township, Black
Iowa.

“The object of the association is
to produce better and m‘ore eggs.
The eggs are guaranteed strictly
fresh. Eggs must be gathered at
least once a day in winter, twice a
day in summer, and all male birds
sold or shut up June 1. Each mem-
ber is furnished a letter which is
stamped on each egg ‘sold by him
and on each carton containing eggs.
The producer must replace every
egg that is not up to the guarantee.
All eggs are sold at four cents a
dozen above the market price. The
assOciation sells about 10,000 dozen
eggs a'year."' '(Iowa State College
Bulletin 'No. 184.) '

Dear Mr. Slocum—:1 am spreading the
gospel of-:the .M. .B. Framong the rural-
itesm You surely;are .making ,a hit with.
them. Your ‘December 9 issue was a
’ Keep each’nurnber'up to a high"
standard and you surelywill win out so
that, in ‘thenear futu e you will be back
to a Weekly xissue wh ch will enable you
to readh‘theh‘one hundred thousand ’cir-'
onlation marki- - jRespectfully yours; C. = 

>

 
we. to- hatch the'chicks.” .Allow-’

   
CHICKS
THAT GROW, LAY AND PAY
Barron English _White Leg-
horns, Brown Leghorns and

Anconas.

PURCHASE vTHls YEAR'S
OF CHICKS from layers hooded
"liars. vigorous 260 to 288 Pedigrood

ass.

CUSTOMERS REPORT no PROFITS
with these wonderful layers. erto today
“I'M catalogue. It

I free.

CROP

iilm
toils all about them. It

WYNGARDEN HATGHERI
Box B. Zeeland, Mich.

  
B A B Y
omens

Bargain Prices—Write
Quick. Best paying,hlgh-
est quality,Pure BredTom
Barron and Hollywood ~ ~ ‘
White Leghoms—Egg Records 270 to300
i“".§"1€“i at???" dL§§3°niiti$nW°§§
arr 0C 5. e 3 an I. y ‘
dottes. Book orders now— liberal disco
Valuable catalog free. _
We guarantee to save you money—give
you strong. healthy. perfect chicks, the best that
money can buy, guarantee live delivery. and
absolute satisfaction. erto today lime.
UPERIOR POULTRY FARMS
30x10! - Zeeland. Michigan

 
Egg Bred White Leghorn

 
Double yourme proﬁts

with our Pomona In:
Winkl- Stroh of
S C.Whito horns They-u

   
1mg”?! ":2. b try ' ' ”
se , on ms. 7 . . _
inlists and inspected mmmm

to their laying ability and health.

   
_ 0' m-lnmnllAllNOEaLayIuCoI-Ioou
.l Imnllmrﬂnuﬁ.
Inm- fro-sour

gold-.1: harvest of eggs thaw round
oubrodluyors. You, too.“- vuoto Na nosey
Valuable Cot- tollo “Inbouth RHINO
 FOB Pﬂomrn‘d What and His: to f furro-
sulb. M an. dollar- . our ricoo on
chick: and oil! halos: you buy. ﬁlm‘l‘ ONCE. P
mmmmuvln Poolily Fall. In: L, ZOOIM.II¢II.

  
FROM 0"! OLD TBUSTY T0
42.000 OAPAGITY III 0 YEARS

A grow like this means Hon-
est dealing. Please send for our
new catalog at once, it is a
dandy. Reasonable prices and
satisfaction guaranteed. Order
early to avoid delay in ship—
ping, as many were disap-
pointed last season.

CITY LIMITS HA'I‘CHERY
R. 5 Holland, Mich.

 
nut.

 
_(‘277) .29

 
O ‘ .
Day Old Chick s
T .

.. Flock: so: Freenﬁzafée. Wall’-
fed and handled insure

sas- 
wan-I and shims L
H mo and ancouas so.

 
right. Postpaid. 100%?
antced. Bank 130!
from this ad. (Insular free.

DORST O ROIK. Ill P, Zoom, Mich.

 
\

 
Isiah
:0:

c

I":

9'

.l

 
2".
g g:

 
E. I.
r
a”.
o
q

 
orderm March lot on these ms.

00. 10% discount on early
tings. Get
our special low prica on our grade B Chicks. Post-

 
$10 per 100 and Up
Fro

 
~- 5 - 1 . 1 - s
BARRED nocKé AND R ' -
$11; 500 $82.50. 11:33 r51? '11”'

guaranteed. Order now from an; ad. (smog Free.

LAKE VIEW POULTRY A
Route 8, Box 3, F R

M.
Holland, Michigan

HEAVY LAYING

ﬁxings” vie's
y ‘ usky chick.
Amy 25,000 Thrifty Chicks Weekly

V MERIT VVi'ite for
12 leading

strong healthy

   
breeds. Delivery mm

Ovie’s Poultry Farm and Hatchery
132 Boots Street.

 
QUALITY CHICKS

GET THE PROFITAILE
AND LAYING KIND
They will pa Ff'ou big.

‘ horns, 50.
160, :13. Mix-3d,. .11 vorie<
811 per 100 straight. Post-
Bank reference.
Ohio, Dept. B.

PIONEER FARMS

CHICKS FROM CERTIFIED FLOCKS
Single Comb White Leghorn: Heavy
Layers so, - 100, $13; 560. :60.
Tom baron train 3. o. W. L
horns. 50, $0; 100, $15: 500 3:8:
3 rrod S

a , Extra Fine, 50. 9.50:
100, #118; $85
All C ioh

 
‘ ‘  ti ;
ﬁid. Safe
lddlepoint

delivery. r free.
Hatchery. Ilddiopolnt,

 
ﬁ 1; P t 'd 100 hﬁ£6h§ilifrom our £3
0c 3. cs psi , v! 6 very ran
Reference, Zeeland 8h. Bank. irculam

r.
PIONEER FARMS. R. 8 I. Zecland. "ION.

 
insure ealth and vigor.
WHITE. BROWN a RUFF
LEGHORMS, 50, $7;
100

Bank

ROCKS s. c. a n. c.
Ranallucouas, so. so;

    
.2. , E.

100. 15: 500. $72.50.

WRIT WYANDOTTES. 50, $8.50;

100 $18; 500 S . O.

sur'r onpmo‘rous, SILVER wvau-

DOTTES, 60, 9.50; 100, $18; 500,

$81.50. POSTP ID.

We 211111111069. full 100% live arrival
Citizens Bank. rder direct

Reference,
from t and save time. Free circular.
MODERN HATCNERY

Box F. Mt. Blanchard, Ohio

 
HIGHEST QUALITY CHICKS

Michigan's Old
Reliable Hatchery

(The most modern and best
equipped Hatchery m the stats)

PURE BBED mm “d
g C W h S (J A American
.. . .Legorns; . ‘. noouas; erred
Plymouth Rocks and R. I. Reds. strong
well hatched chicks from tested Hoganiz
Free range stock that make wonderful
winter layers.

Chicks sent by Insured Parcelfost Prepaid
to yourmlfiaoer. 1000],, live delivery guaran—
teed. n ears or experience 111. w
ducigg and shipping chicks has given pod-
solu utilisation to, thousands. Write for
illustmted free gcatacloc and price list...
Get low.“ price onhcet .qu‘ality -,chicks be— :
f T013011; b ' ' ‘

 
113-";~ .f,-‘(.§f _- r» .  ,,
ciland NW. R. 1.; mllnnq.~- Mich.

 
Barred Rock:

whlgéolliocas  
o . Hardy free range stock—a Pure

Wyandottes Bred Practical Poultry upecial-

Orpingtons 1y adapted to the farmer poultry-

Le horns-— man; stock that has proved of
h., Br.Buﬂ exceptional practical value on

Ancon Michigan fanns.

“mm” PULLE'I‘S

A limited number of S. C. White and R. C. Brown

Leghorns, and White Rocks. Write for quotations.
STATE FAR-8 ASSOCIATION

202 Chase Block, Kalamazoo,

Mlchlm

wofvsnm: 3m cmcxs
ABE cmcxs THAT smsn

 
Bred for egg n 13 can. We
hatched and  fory12

This assuresgou m ENGLISH PE
WHITE A D IROWN LEGHORNS

100% safe arrival ranteed. Write for
catalogue. It's roe. WOLVERINE

HATCHERY, R. 2, Mich.
 Low price. From selected
Whit Leghoggwnhyin‘ Em? En'IAm‘

0 Mn arm n-
oonas, Barred Hooks. Postpgd, fu live
delivery guaranteed. Lalo: free. Bank
Ref. THE 808 HATOHERV. R. 2..
Iceland, Michigan. John Boa. Prop.

WHITTAKEII’S n. I. llEDS“m&"‘..?.2;:

Color and Egg Strain. Bred from winter layer.
for 13 years. Chicks ens. Write for free cat—
alog. Intel-lakes Farm, Box 4, Lawrence,

 
Iceland,

 
V

 
Six leadi varieties. pnces and guaranteed
delivery. rite‘for cats 'snd price list.
. H. H PIERCE, Jerome. Mich.

 
I" K —8|NGLE cons EUFE‘LEGHORNS
0 c s onlyJ'Slﬁulllwhggth! chicks from

laying stock. BTER. lath.

 
 Wye ndot:.es,

 
cinnnmmi emails * “m
strain Will. to . ’M

. ’i .

as

CHICKS

er'.
.‘ull,

       
ans-venue s—runs‘on‘ o s euro—n .'
.B' x" ,  v”“

C H I C K S F“ 5333......

laiizo In
T 088?: AT BARREO

1d full live delivery anteed. Reference 2
gawk. Also Bra in above vurietia.
Member M. B. C. FAIRVIEW POULTRY ‘
FARM. Route 2 K. Iceland, Mldllgun.

     
stock or real quality hell-
and

mining. 140 and up. maﬁ-

Mnrion. India...

l
BABY CHICKS—FROM SELECTED FLOGKS,

it e' c.

B P
B‘ d Wlliito  .121: and: “ “sh 
$3531”... o. Al. on“; raglan. 

LOOK—75.000 'cmngiu “nun ur. ' '
.vmmg.<...°°...r°i uni-stares?
Wings. 1. M'lldl. ' g 7" j

  
FOOTE'S MARKET REVIEW
HE contrast between business in
the United States and business
conditions in European coun-
tries is very marked, and bringing
about a restoration of pre-war con-
ditions across the Atlantic is evident-
ly going to be slow. One of the most
important announcements made in
this country is that of the railroads
that. record expenditures for new
equipment and improvements are go-
ing to be made this year, and twenty-
seven roads plan to spend more than
$350,000,000. These systems have
less than 40 per cent of the milage
of the country, and their ofﬁcers say
that even greater expenditures will
be made if conditions are favorable.
"If it is to be assumed that an equal
amount will be spent by railroads
having the reminder of the mileage
of the country,” says the Railway
Age, “the total expenditures for
equipment and improvements will
exceed $700,000,000.” It is not
generally believed, however that
enough money will be spent this year
to make good the deﬁciency caused
by several years of stoppages of
growth, and increases in expendi-
tures are well safeguarded. Publish-
ed statements just out show that the
class 1 railroads earned much more
money last year than in 1921, but
they only earned 4.02 per cent on the
investment in their property. It is
learned that more trafﬁc has been
moving over the railroads recently
than ever before this season. Our
import trade looms up big for the
past calendar year, and imports were
around $400,000,000 greater than
for 1921, but exports ran around
$700,000,000 below those for 1921.

The packers report that their export.

trade in meats is seriously injured
by the European political situation,
as well as economic conditions. On
the other hand, the domestic trade
in packing house products shows
marked improvement, beef moving
into trade channels more
while there has been a broad and
strong demand for fresh pork.

Money is loaned by the banks at un-,

changed rates, Chicago banks re-
ceiving from 5 to 5%, per cent.

The Fall in Wheat Prices

The long upward movement in

prices for wheat reﬂecting the large
exports of wheat and ﬂour from the
United States and Canada, has been
followed by big breaks in values,
renewed warlike occurances in Ger—
many and marked falling off in our
exports of breadstuﬁs serving to
bring a bearish sentiment among
traders on the Chicago Board of
» Trade, and the former substantial
premium over prices of a year ago
has largely disappeared. Still some
large foreign purchases .of rye have
3 been made within a short time, and
it was reported that Germany bought
in the ﬁrst week of 1923 a total of
6,000,000 bushels of rye, the largest
purchase of the season. Because of
its relative cheapness, rye has all
along been in large foreign demand,
Germany leading in buying, and in
all probability the surplus supply
will all be needed. The visible rye
supply in this country is placed at
10,865,000 bushels, comparing with
7,145,000 bushels a year ago; that
of oats at 32,122,000 bushels, com—
paring with 67,182,000 bushels last
year; and that of corn at 16,585,000
bushels, comparing with 24,787,000
bushels a year ago. Recent market-
ing of all grains reached the largest
proportions seen in ﬁve years, and it
is evident that farmers largely want
to sell their surplus holdings or at
least a fair share. The world‘s
wheat crop is now placed at 2,932,-
000,000 bushels, comparing with 2,—
228,000,000 bushels for the year
preceding the war’s close. The ﬂour
‘ trade is very dull, and large dealers
. are well supplied, while millers are
buying only enough to-keep the mills
; at work, because of the recent unset-
: tied state of the wheat trade. With-
' in a short period ﬂour prices have de-
clined from 50 to .75 cénts a barrel.
May wheat sells, in Chicago at $1.19,

compared with $1.12 a year ago;
' ' < 2 cents, compared

freely, ‘

 
Wheat steady.

MARKET. SUMMARY ,- .
Corn, oats and rye unchanged. Beans ﬁrm.
Receipts of eggs large and prices easy to lower.

Butter steady and

supply small. Poultry market easy, owing to large supply and small
"demand. Dressed calves steady and hogs easy. Potatoes in active

demand. Cattle dull and lower.

Sheep ﬁrm. '

 
(Note: The above summarized information was received AFTER the balance of the mar-
ket page .wu est in type. It contains mt minute Information up to within one-half hour 0!

am no to press _—Editor.)

1

 
with- 53 cents last year; May oatsat
45 cents, compared with 38 cents a
year ago;and May rye at 88% cents,
compared to 83% cents a year ago.
Barley sells for cash at 57 to 60
cents.

The Cattle ndustry

The markets of he country can-
not use'as many cattle to advantage
as they could several weeks ago, and
on days when supplies are much
above the average prices are pretty
sure to develope more or less weak—
ness, as happened on last Monday,
when a “run” of 24,740 head in the
Chicago Stock Yards sent prices
down from 15 to 25 cents for the
principal part of the offerings. It
should be stated, however that the
country shippers are very apt to get
in. too many cattle at the beginning
of the week, and later rallies are
quite the usual occurance, as hap-
pened last Tuesday, when receipts
of only 12,000 brought about a rally
of 25 cents for the medium to pretty
good grades. For several weeks the
receipts have consisted of mainly
short—fed and warmed up cattle, and
the principal part of the offerings
have sold far below prices paid for
choice beef steers. Sales of the lat-
ter are made at a substantial prem-

ium, with the bulk of the beef steers .

bringing $8.25 to $10.50. The
course of the cattle market last
week was a surprise, prices being
largely 50 cents higher, in spite of

,the heavy supplies, the Chicago re-

ceipts aggregating 60,800 head, com-
paring with 50,247 a week earlier
and 66,968 a year ago. The best
long fed steers sold at $10.50 to
$11.85, and prime long yearlings
sold at $11.75. Inferior steers sold
at $6.50 to $7.50, not counting some
on the canner order .taken at $5 to
$6.25. Stockers and feders sold
mostly at $6 to $7.50, a few going
at $8. Veal calves sold at $5 to
$11.75 and butcher cows and heif-
ers at $3.50 to $8.75. A year ago
the best beef steers brought $10.

Large Marketing of Hogs

Owners of hogs as a class seem to
be ready to get their hogs to market
as soon as they are well ﬁnished,
and for a Week the Chicago market
was liberally supplied, the receipts
far exceeding those for a week
earlier and those for the correspond—
ing week last year. Naturally, some
bad breaks in prices took place,
notwithstanding an unusually large

Official U. S.

—

demand from eastern packing points,

but most of the declines were really
smaller than might have been ex-
pected with so many on sale, as many
as 27,000 hogs being carried over
unsold at night, largely held by the
speculators. -The bulk of the hogs

offered sell within 'a range 01,40

cents, with prime light hogs going
highest and selling 25 cents above
the best heavy butcher weights.
Recent receipts averaged 239 pounds,
comparing with 226 pounds a. year
ago and 219 pounds for the ~past
ten-year average for corresponding
weeks. Most of the time exports of
lard and cured hog meats are much
greater than a year ago, and the con—
sumption of fresh pork in this coun-
try is on a big scale. Provisions are
much’higher than last year. West-
ern markets are receiving this month
far more hogs than a year ago, and
Chicago's receipts for last week are
around 275,500 head, the largest in

four years, comparing with 227,677 a

week earlier and 255,049 a year ago.
Naturally prices went off, and on the
closing day hogs sold at $6.70 to
$8.55, comparing with $7.40 to $9
a week earlier and with $6 to $8.40
a year ago.

High Lamb Prices

Sheep and yearlings are marketed
rather sparingly, most of the Chicago
receipts consisting of lambs, prices
for which rule far higher than in
most past years. Of course, values
rule lower at times, and this hap-
pens on such days as the big packers
hold back after receiving supplies
consigned to them direct from other
western markets. Many of the

.lambs weigh 90 pounds or more, and
killers discriminate against these, ~

prefering themedium weights. Not
many feeding lambs are offered. and
they come high, the larger share
going to Michigan. Feeders weigh-
ing around 60 pounds sell the high-
est. The shorn lambs sell $1.50 to
$2.50 under prices quoted below for
wooled lots. The sales were made

on the Chicago market of lambs at-

$12.75 to $15, feeding lambs at
$13.75 to $14.85 and yearlings at
$10 to $13. A year ago the best
lambs sold at $12.90.-—-Foote.

WHEAT
Last week was a period of light
trading in the wheat market and
changes in prices were small. Trad-
ing was light because of inability to

Marketgram

U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics

Washington, D. C.,——For the week
ending January 13, 1923.

FEED—Mill feed markets inac-
tive with buyers and sellers far
apart. Stocks mostly in second
hands and ﬁrmly held because of
improvement in grains. Wheat feeds
slightly ﬁrmer on light offerings by
mills. Oil meals easier and cotton-
seed meal quoted about $1 lower.
Gluten feed prices advanced by the
manufacturers $2 per ton. Hominy
feed ﬁrm, price shade higher, de-
mand and oﬂerings light. Interior
and storage stocks good. Receipts
and movement good.
uary 12, Bran $25.75; Middiings
$24.50;Flour middlings $27.25; Rye
middlings $23; Minneapolis gluten

feed $44.35; ‘Chicago; 34 per cent'

linseed meal $53.50 Minneapolis;
$52.50 Bundle; .36 per cent cotton-‘_
seed meal $41 MemphiS. $41.75 att—
lanta; ‘Whlte , Hominy teed $30?

Quoted Jan- -

Louis, $31.50 Chicago; No. 1 Alfalfa
meal $24.75 Kansas City.

DAIRY PRODUCTS—Butter mar-
kets which have been relatively
steady throughout the week de-
veloped a sudden easy to weak feel-
ing today where resulted in a sharp
decline at New York. This was prin-
cipally due to temporarily heavy re-
ceipts which included several thou-
sand packages of imported butter
from Denmark and Argentine. It is
reported also that 3,000 packages
from Australia and NeW‘Zealand ar-
rived at San Francisco during the
Week. Closing prices, 92 score but-
ter: New York 53c; Chicago 52c;
Phila 54c; Boston 54%c. Advances
in prices on Wisconsin cheese boards
Monday have places trading on

slightly higher basis than last week. ,
Cheese prices at Wisconsi

Primary

markets January 12: late and

Daisies ,27c;j_Do.ublej Dahlia: 2654c." :

Y A. 10 - 6% W93
. -  13-.

unatlél? to Iigmd’erstand how, the, 
por_ rom urope dragging MAM 
the future “I of ', the market

nation“ has never been 
history as far as 
able to see and “mature at at '~i
to predict what the future may; hold"
for the man who owns any Wheat...
Latest reports, however, indicate 
early settlement between France and 1, "
Germany and leaders are more opti-v :

mistic and trading promises to 1.19.. w 
better before the close of the current

week. It is a well known fact that 
Eurbpe needs wheat and the “Amati-Iv ,
can product will find .a ready market 2 ~
if Europe can settle her internal, I
troubles soon. _  2
Prices ‘» * 7
Detroit—Cash, No. 2 red, $1.355 1
No- 2 white and No. 2 mixed, $1.33. I _
Chicago—No. 2 hard, $1.190 ;. , _
1.21174. ' 
New York—No. 2 red, $1.34; No.
2 hard, $1,32%.
Prices 'one year ago—Detroit—-—
No. 2 red, $1.19 1,4; No. 2 white,
31.16%.

CORN
Corn ruled ﬁrm much of the time

the past fortnight and the only thing

that prevented substantial gains in'
prices was free selling whenever the"
market advanced.
the country showed a falling off and
export demand improved. Although
prices are higher than one year ago
consumption of corn is heavy. The
advance at Detroit during last week
amounted to only 1 cent. Receipts
at. Chicago last week aggregated
4,358,000 bushels and shipment.
amounted to 2,623,000 bushels. '
Prices . _,
Detroit—Cash No. 2 yellow, 77c;
No. 3, 76c; No. 4, 74c; No. 5, 72¢.
Chicago——No. 2 mixed, 72@72%c:'
No. 2 yellow, 72@73c. . 1
New York—No. 2 yellow and No,

2 white, 90%; No. 2 mixed. 8994c.
, Prices one year ago—Detroit—e
No. 2 yellow, 56c; No. 3 yellow,
51%0. ~

OATS
Trading in cats has been quiet the
past fornight. Prices in this grain ~
have followed the trend ofthose of
other grains, while demand has

-ranged from nul to fair. Receipts

are larger and Chicago reports dom-
estic shipping demand has broadened
out to a further extent. ':
Prices
Detroit—Cash No. 2 white, 50c:
No. 3, 48%c; No. 4, 470. ‘ '
Chicago—No. 2 white, 44% @
45%c. ‘
New York—No. 2 white, 55% (Q
56c. ,
Prices one year ago—Detroit—No.
2 white, 42c; No. 3, 39%c; No. ‘4.
36c.

RYE v
Rye was easy the ﬁrst half of the
past fortnight and the price at‘De- .
troit declined 3 cents during the
last week the tone changed to ﬁrm
and there was a gain on this market
of 1 cent.
Prices ,
Detroit—Cash No. 2, 91c.
Chicago—Cash No. 2, 87 %c@_
87 94c. ’  4,
Prices one year ago—Detroit—-.
Cash No.,,2, 83c. '  1

BEANS ' _

Bean prices are still climbing.» ‘,
The Detroit market advanced 60 '
cents. during the past two weeks and
the tone at present is ﬁrm and the
market has a healthy “look, to,“ it.
The farmer who decided at thresh—
ing time' last falltohold-his been“! 
and. still has themin-good conditi ’
has _ made. some modem.  it, 
ent brand continuesﬁand the. u
look w. the future remaining
he will make/still » ‘ '
continuins'to ‘

 
Shipments from . ‘


 ‘

yer; good] “dreamt: '

 ,.  ﬁmkurﬁsw Yerk
 ,_ th nlyzma‘r ' ‘ complaining
1:01 W .  There is a gen-

w mung. that! the market is in a
position for further advances in the

u  future. '

 
vDetroitm—Michig-an, "$1.06@1.16.

 
. Week of January 21

' OUGHLY speaking the average

f _ trend of ._the temperature in
' Michigan for the rest of Janu-

ary and the ﬁrst few days of Febru-

ary will be upward. The rise will

not be continuous during all this

' .time as the "circuit" will be broken

at theend of this or beginning of
next week. This “break” will in-
duce a change to much colder weath-
er to affect the Central states. Con-
ditions will gradually moderate then
,‘in Michigan until about the begin-
ning of the second week in February
at which time there will be another
break with the result of more cold
~weather which will begin the next
general downward trend of the
temperature for this state.

Maximum temperatures between
40 and 50 degrees will effect Michi-
gan about or before Wednesday of
this week with rain, sleet or snow
about the 23rd, 24th, and 25th.
Winds are also expected to be strong
at this. time.

Following this storm center temp-
eratures will fall to a minima of 10
to 15 degrees above zero in Michi-
gan with the days during the latter
part of the week remaining general-
ly lair. 

Week of January 28

~ The mild temperatures expected
to be in full swing in Michigan about
the beginning of this week should
be taken as 3 Warning that within
two 'days’the bottom will drop out
of, Medicine Hat and ﬂood the state
with cold, winter weather. Temp-
eratures will then remain low until
about Thursday but during the lat-
ter days of the week the mercury
in the thermometer will again go
higher reaching its maxima point
about Friday or Saturday. 7 "

' Rain or snow fall is not expected
to be very heavy during ﬁrst half
of the week. There will be two
general storm periods in Michigan
this week—one at the beginning and
the other near the end of the week.
"Both storm centers will bring high
winds but during the latter part. of
lweek precipitation will be heavier.

The week ends with temperatures
falling in this state and skies clear-
ing but these conditions Will not

a last long due to another storm that

'will be moving eastward from the
Paciﬁc coast states.

l
FOR SALE

: ' 1 3 year old
Percheron Filly

4 10: year old
Perchern Mares

2 5-9 year old _
Belgian Mares

4 9-11 year old
Percheron Geldings

Michigan Ag’l College,

S. S. HUDSON, "Farm Supt,

 
 _‘ East Lansing, - Mic ' an i ’

 
ﬁ_._—___i


coma 00!; IE8 SAILI AND
 b E, add  Eton

f innin‘il’ﬁem.’

 
. HAY ' '

’There has been an improved tone
to the market conditions with: a.
trace of irregularity in the New Year
market. Receipts generally are
moderate due in some cases to the
stormy weather at shipping points.
The demand for nearly all grades
has improved over a week ago.

cos

Detroit—No. 1 timothy, $16.50@
17; standard, $16@1’6.50; No. 2
timothy, $15@15; No. 1 clover
mixed, $14.50@15 per ton. -

Chicago—No. 1 timothy, $21@23;
Light clover mixed, $19@20; No. 1
clover, $14.50@16 per ton.

New ,York—No. 1 timothy, $24;
No. 1 light clover mixed, $24 per ton.

Prices one year‘ age—Detroit—
No. 1 timothy, $19@20; standard,
$18@19; No. 1 clover mixed $15@
16 per ton.

AlfalfawDetroit—No. 1, $14 @ 18
per ton; Chicago, No. 1, $22@24
per ton.

\ MISCELLANEOUS MARKET f
QUOTATIONS
Detroit, Tuesday. Jan. 16th

EGGS—Fresh, according to qual-
ity, 35@36%c; refrigerator, 26@
290 per dozen.

BUTTER—Best creamery, in tubs.
48% @490 per lb.

APPLES—-—Greenings, $1.50 @ 1.75; ’

Baldwin, $1.25@1.50; Spy, $2.00@

2.50; Jonathan, $1.75@2; other var-

ieties, $1@1.§O- per bu; western
boxes, $2@3.

DRESSED EGGS—~90 to 130 lbs.
11@12c; 130 to 160 lbs, 9@1_0c;
heavy, 5@8c; per lb.

DRESSED CALVES—Best, 16@
17c; medium, 14@15c per Ib.

LIVE POULTRY—Best springs,
20@210; leghorns, 17c; large fat
hens, 230; medium hens, 20@210;
small hens, 170; old roOsters, 15c;
geese, 15@180; large ducks 22@
23c; small ducks, 18@20c; heavy
turkeys, 320; light turkeys and old
toms, 250 per lb.

HIDES—No. 1 cured, 12c; No. 1
green, 11c; No. 1 cured bulls, 80;
No. 1 green bulls, 7c:No. 1 cured
calf, 15c; No. 1 green calf, 14c; No.
1 cured kip, 12c; No. 1 green kip,
10c; No 1 horsehides $3; No. 2 horse
hides, $2. Sheep pelts, 50@1.50.
No. 2 hides, 1c under N0. 1; calf and
kip 1%c under N0. 1. ,

WOOL

The steady to active tone prevail-
ant in the wool market for some
weeks past has translated itself into
action and large quantities of wool
are moving at steady to higher
prices. All classes 61‘ wool are sell-
ing readily at top quotations and
some grades are establishing new
price levels.

LARGE PART OF ALFALFA
MARKETED

More than half the marketable
surplus of the 1922 alfalfa crop has
already been marketed, a. survey just
completed by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture indicates.
A survey made Sept. 15th included
a marketable surplus of about 15
per cent less than the amount mar-
keted during 1921. It is now esti-
mated that about 65 per cent of this
surplus was marketed by December
15, compared with 45 per cent of the
1921 crop at the corresponding date
last year.

The movement of timothy hay to
market, however, has not been as
heavy to (late as for the correspond-
ing period last year, the survey
slmWs. is is estimated that 36 per
cent of the marketable surplus had
been marketed to December 15, com-
pared with 38 per cent on December
15, 1921. '

The increased demand for alfalfa‘

has been reﬂected in the price trend.
On September 15,.No. 1 alfalfa was
quoted at the principal markets at

.,.a.n average price of $21.50 per ton.

On December 15, the average price
of alfaal‘fa at the same markets was
$23.7 5 per ton. This price was also
$1 per ton higher than the average
price of No. 1 alfalfa on December
15, 1921. Timothy prices, however,
have had a downward trend and the
average price of No. 1 timothy at
the principal markets on December
15, 1922 was $21.50 per "ton,.com-

M I ‘paredwithj32250 on September 15.

 snomom 

 
|
l
i

i

!
J

. Bedell& Wheatlak'e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Big Rapids, Michigan

i, HUTTON & ADAMS
l
i

 
SHOW and SALE

Michigan Shorthorn Breeders Association »

M. A. C., East Lansing, Mich.,
Friday, February 2, 1923

Show 9 a. m.—Sale l p. m.
30 ‘ Females :: l l Bulls
John Lessiters’ Sons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Clarkston, Michigan

CONSIGNORS
H. B. Peters & Son . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .--Car1and, Michigan

McLachlan Brothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Evart, Michigan

L. P. Otto . . .. . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charlotte, Michigan

L. C. Kelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Plymouth, Michigan

W. B. Kelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ypsilanti, Michigan

Mich. Agr’l College . . . . . . . , , . , . , . ,,East Lansing, Michigan

P. P. Pope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Mt. Pleasant, Michigan

Robert Booth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..0wosso, Michigan

F. S. Postal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-Evart, Michigan

0. Hampton & Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Leslic, Michigan

R. W. Weinberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Vicksburg, Michigan
H. E. Hartwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Williamston, Michigan
Every animal guaranteed. Tuberculin tested and sold subject to
60 days’ retest.
If you want good Shorthorns with fancy pedigrees
DO NOT MISS THIS OPPORTUNITY
Now is the time to buy.
Auctioneers Write for Catalogue
W. .E. J. EDWARDS, Sec’y -
East Lansing, ‘
Michigan

 
The Michigan State Ayrshire Breeders’Assf’n

will hold a

Consignment Sale

of

30 Registered Ayrshires

Mostly Females.

Consigned by some of the best breeders in the state

 
at the

Michigan Agricultural College

East Lansing, Mich.

on

Monday, January 29th, 1923

For catalog apply to
Edward C. W. Roberts, Sec., F ennville, 'Mich.

 
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