(Keen the/Business uh Coupen page 13) r: An Independent _ . Farm Magazine Owned and Edited in Michigan SAFIERDAY, FEBRUARY 3, w.“ .4,‘ ~,— «mv ’— A M odern Tale of the-\Golden Fleece ! (Only Six, States Lead Michigan in Number of Pure Bred Sheep) i \Relq'di‘in this issue riday Begins: Milk Quiz in Detroit Area—Pruning Fruit Trees Michigan 1“me Brands include the Best varieties of alfalfa, clo- ver, seed grains and other field andgrass seeds. Their Vitality, Description and Purity are guaranteed to be as represented to the full -' ammt of the Purchase ' Price. 7 Genuine Grimm AIFaIFa Seed ' Farm Bureau Brand Grimm, Scarified and Recleaned, requires less seed per acre. For purity of strain, germination, hardiness, tonnage, high feeding value and soil improvement it is the best. Seed of unknown adaptation often fails.” Can you afford to take the chances with your investment in seed, labor, and land? Farm Bureau Grimm is certified in the fields and after threshing and is adapted to this climate. Grimm Seed costs mOre per pound than Common.- It’s worth the price if you get Genuine Grimm. Buy Farm Bureau Brand and [mow it’s right. Buy Grimm Alfalfa and all your other seeds from your local CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION demanding that every bag be Farm Bureau Brand, tagged with our analysis and guarantee, which covers the full amount of the purchase price. If you can’t get this service locally, write to the ‘ Seea/ Deparfmenf MICHIGAN STATE FARM BUREAU - l SUMWZ ‘ FARM 4 a < ill'lIlAU ‘ MAM) ' ‘3 If E 05 ' LANSING . MICHIGAN h _ ' tion have m worth we will gladly return your money. Dont 15 Inch 8 Eyelet Iii-Cut Arctic v $2.75 Al rubber eight-eyelet heed over-shoe 15 inches high wool lmed; laces like a shop. it will pay you tn make this asva on :1 pair of, overshoes which w_ ordinarily consix dollars. Sizes 7 to 11. Special $2.75 plus postage- 4 E ALL annex-1R ARCTICS $2.29 $33.... I The lowest price on over-shoe ,,_ of this us“ in America. ' Men’s four-bu c all rubber erotics, heavy friction cloth 11 store. Sizes 5 to 13.“. Only $2.29 plus 9. U. s. AivAGE SEND NO MONEY a: PAY 0N ARRIVAL delay Order now before article you want is sold out. Bargains 'Hcavy 2' Buck! c Cloth Top A’rctics ' $2.39 $1.22... Two-buckle hes arctic- msde from - rubber bottoms With l‘lk e snow— special price at $.39. plus postage. Genuine seems . \ socxs 3 pairs for $1.00 Plus Dozen pairs $3.76 M20 not.th that can beat them for Osnd wear combined. They are of s m eavy weight and are easily worth 81 per pair. Special price 3 or only :1. Dosenpsirs. .75. C Wabash St., Enema 10th 0 ST. PAUL, MINN. E BUSINESS FARMERS EXGHAIGEE Ed! Under this Head 100 per Word. pee Issue;a umnmmumunmmmmwmmmmmmfi GENERAL [ET us Til, YOUR HIDE—00W lllllll llllll Horse hides for fur coats and Robes. Cow and Q Steer hides to Hanna or 8019 Leather. on- We repair and remodel worn fur estims furnished. THE CROSBY FRIS- " .uN'r'un 00.. Rochester. N. r. m ssLE—ctevzt‘sno .Tnseron wmi“ ' Disk snwbwsfi hamin fair some (man-is 111: ' n ex use or o gfdngi'iios‘imln. Shelby. Mica. R. 1. > - '77, - l ‘ cost—non .1st noun spun: REE today.'PEOPLES GOAL 0 .. 1120 .. 35th St; Dept. 71r0hsess0,m farm work. near ' enoed SALESMEN, GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR ers to make his _money selling olb and muses on liberal communion and bonus. Unhm- ited prospects lg; men giro . .0 company. pmdnc noes STAN desl. Write tech: to Egg. A-22 IPANU— ! CTURERS OIL a GR 1r COMPANY, Cleveland, Ohio. “hwflE‘ Pug $200 upon-run SOALAEY, runn- ' expem 0m “teed Emltry the stock powders. BIGLER casual. use. Springfield. 11. . l AGENTS—SELL WOLVEIIKB LAUNDRY Emm- Ammsfii‘ as” “was... rat-sec u 0 e 0 81's. 00.. Bent. E3. Grand Rapids. Mich. MAN AND WIFE. WIRHOUT "Thrill FOR omen us e s ri~ 3. core niobium~ 13$.- BOX weather, and are. t 1922 CROP OUTPUT IN MCHIGAN SHOWS INCREASE ' HE crap output for the farms of‘ Michigan ,in 1022 __aggregated $215,000,000, an increase of 17 . percent over 1921 when the val-nag: dropped to 184,004,000. The complete annual report of the Michi- gan. Cooperative Crop RepOrting Service is now in the hands of the printer and will be ready for mailing within ‘a short time, according to Verne H. Church, Agricultural Stat— istician. The report further states that each of the grain crops, together with beans, clover‘seed and sugar boots were bringing better prices on December 1,4922 than on the cor- responding date of the previous year, and that a large monetary return per acre was derived irom all crops except wheat, buckwheat, potatoes and wild hay. The fruit crops, peta- toes and hay were less in price than " oné year ago. It is asserted that the figures in- dicate that the low point has been passed and farm financialconditions are beginning to improve with favor— able prospects for the future. Michi- gan’s important position as a dairy state and the diversified nature of her crops haVe lessened the severity of the depression and are aiding in the recovery from it, in comparison with other states that suffered the greater distress caused by inflated land values. The combined yields of all crops in the State were 7.4 fill‘ cent better than the average of recent past years. This is an exceptional showing as only four other important crop states made as good a record. While the/ State generally leads in the yields of one or more crops, it is unusual to attain this high average for all crops. The best crop of the year was hay, although corn, potatoes, clover seed and most of the fruits yielded above the average. The poorest crops were winter wheat and rye although these "were fair in both yield and quality for the State as a whole. All main crops were larger in volume than last year except corn, rye and sugar beets, and all had a greater total value except potatoes, sugar beets ’ and clover seed. FARM BUREAU REPORTS SUR- PLUS OF $200,000 ROM 3 $15,000 deficit to a net worth of more than $200,000 in two years’ time is the record of the Michigan State Farm Bureau, ac- cording to. a report from Lansing, and if unpaid memberships were in- cluded, the net worth of the bureau would be_$642,000. The annual, report of the Farm bureau is no being prepared for the annual meetingat the Michigan agricultural college during Farmers' week and the above figures will. ap- pear in it. . This report will also show that the Michigan State Elevator ex- change has made up its deficit of. $117000 shown on the books 18 months ago and has accumulated a surplus of $30,000 besides. Every department of the bureau, except the Detroit Produce exchange organized last spring, now is on a. paying basis and the outlook for the organization is said tohave never looked better. While the membership is not as large as two years ago, the bureau from a financial standpoint is in a much stronger position. llIICHIGAN CONDITIONS IMPROVE EMPERATURES have averaged T above normal over the entire area, with percipltations slight, as a rule. ' p r ‘ .. Wheat and rye continue in good condition. Alternative thawing and freezing has caused “slight damage and chinch bugs are reported in some localities. ; The car shortage is interfering ‘ with the free movement of corn to some extent, but the demand is good’ ‘ on account or the heavy feeding op- erations. - . : "Pastures and meadows were bene- , flied by light vvralns, snfiw, and“ mild uteri. teed ? mend and prices generally i’are'sat— ., 0‘ ,‘ hing some} . lsfactory. - Farmers "are feeding their surplus potatoes to dairy “cattle with, / r , good reenlts. ' ‘ . Livestock is in good condition gen-7”. 3 except for a few scattered g cases of hog cholera. orally, INTERNATIONAL EGG LAYING .CONTESTA’TM.A.C.‘. E production at the contest for the ’week ending January 23, shows another big increase. Evergreen Poultry Farm continues with their excellent work when they established a new record for weekly production‘with a weeks total of 62 eggs and a total to date of 488.. The Barred Rock section show-4.. per Cent increase. Kent's pen, front New Yorkieontinues to lead this sec,- tion with a production of 439 e ' s. Dennison’s pen with 419 eggs retain ' their position in secOnd place. Brummer’s Poultry Farm with a pro- duction for the week of 41 eggs get into third place and Christophel drops to fourth place with 37 eggs for the week and 409 eggs to date. The Wyandotte section remains the\ same for weekly production, show- ing a‘very slight increase. The pen from Evergreen Poultry Farm grad- ually increase their lead. Sink’s pen from Farmington remains in sec- ond place with 395 eggs. Caterola farm is third with 371 eggs and Keister’s pen from Bangor, retains. fourth place with a production of 318 eggs. Smith’s pen of Buff Wyandottes are showing excellent production finishing with 45 eggs for the week and 313 to date. Decker’s Wyan- dottes which were late arrivals are getting in their stride. Van Raalte again leads the An- cona section with 10 birds in action. DeGroot and Manning are again in second and third place respectively. In the Rhode Island Red section the same three places reciev‘e men- tion. Mrs. Travis is standing first, Dunning’ second and the College Reds third. Mrs. Goss’ pan from South Haven threatened to be a ser- ious opponent when their produc- tion for the week increased toz50 eggs ‘ . In the White Leghornclass we find Shaw’s pen from South Haven once .more in the lead with a weekly pro- duction of 45 eggs and a total to date of 447.‘ Hanson drops to sec- ond place only three eggs behind Shaw’s pen. GIRL BEST FARM ACCOUNTANT IN WEXFORD COUNTY SCHOOLS ‘ COMMITTEE composed of T. T. Ridden, Farm Demonstrator, M. A. 0., Roy Noteware, Commissioner of Schools and Fay Horton, Banker of Manton, January 22nd, examined the books and stories of the Farm Accountants in the Consolidated Schools of Wax- ford County awarding the prize to Dorothy M. Smith of Manton, who kept the acor‘“"*s on the farm of Edgar Derb‘ychire. ‘ This closes me first year’s work in the consolidated schools of Wax- ford County 011 the projectlof farm accounting, the students keeping the ‘ actual accounts on the farms upon which they live. - 0f the forty-eight starting last twelve graduated or left January, school; five moved from the County; two died and twelve quit 'the work and eighteen finished the books in one or more departments. This is above the percentage in the United States by several -per cent. ‘ The winning of this honor entitles I Miss Smith to a trip to Farmers Week which, is tarnished by the Cadillac State Bank and the -Peoples Saving Bank of Cadillac, the Manton State Bank of Manton, and the Farm- ers State Bank of M’esick. . " The competition was keen between individuals from all the schqpls and , 1 it ' gave the committee; Considerable work to properlyuawardythe‘. honors.” i Arnong the "higher standing ‘gfznptests , antsstoodDorothi M Emit blitzing ton: . mm a Management ' Fee _,41 \ l “ " ‘7”: \J. xi [:7 ‘ ,4 m was. 1 ' * x ' Long Demanded by Producers—Many Want Milk Investigation Made State-wide. the milk producers have ~. —‘ x.“ no. Lia. '4 ‘ van . I , _ w . ‘Being absolutely independent our columns are open (Stir the on of an: subj pa» ‘ taking to the farming b . , “The Only Farm Magazine Owned and Edited in ml" Published lit-Weekly V ' Mt. ‘ In“ IIPEBYEAB u—Q Entered an second-clans mat- , am 22, 1917 at tho '3' at m. Clemons. act of Karel: under 8rd, 1879. \ 7 long demanded about, but with .. ‘ little encouragement is parently about to become a reality through the good oflces of Dr- David Friday, pneuident of the Michigan , Agricultural College. About two months ago, Dr. Friday ‘was called in to act as an arbitrator for the producers and distributors in the-Detroit area, who could not ‘ reach a mutual understanding in the priest! milk for the month of De- cember. He set the price at $3 per hundred to the producer and 14 cents per quart to the consumer in Detroit. But at the same time. Dr. Friday announced that he could not be sure of this price being fair to the three parties: producer, distribu- tor and consumer, until he had made ' a thorough investigation of the situa- tion and promised to start work on ' such a probe, for the benefit of all concerned, at once. In the meanwhile the daily press in Detroit took up the cry and thus, Governor Groesbeck became inter- ested and is reported to have in— ; structed Representative Vincent P. 'Dacey. of Detroit, to conduct a per— sonal investigation, for the specific purpose ,of helping Dr. Friday, if it became necessary to use the powers of the'state to do so. . Same Prices for January The first meeting of the investi- gation being conducted by Dr. Fri- , day was held at the Hotel Cadillac, Detroit, and representatives of, the press, which means the public, were . barred, so in effect the meeting was secret. At its conclusion Dr. Fri— day said: “My purpose in conduct- ing this inquiry,” “is' primarily to learn whether or not the present price of milk in Detroit is a just one. To find this out I shall have to probe the costs and methods of distribu- tion here as well as the cost of pro— duction on the/dairy farms and the manner in which the‘farmers get their milk. “I know already that many-farm- ers maintain ‘ineflicient' cows. By that I mean cows don’t produce ac- cording to the demands of the mar- ket. The consumption of milk is WHETHER thousands and thou— sands of dollars in unpaid taxes on some of the finest potato farms in the second tuber producing county in Michigan will he returned to the state this year de- pends upon the relief which the Pore lat-quue and Pennsylvania rail- mds are able to give shippers in locusts county in the next few weeks. ’ — the 1 let their tun go back no i a mouthier ls situation: A sur- llndlcates thatt‘he ‘ a was task: are 7‘0: summary» . , ' - have V ——-¥ g; 1». Friday Begins Milk gm. “ in Detroit Area Gov. *Groesbedi, Legislature" and Dain Press Backing Him, He Promises to Uncover Facts AN INTERVIEW WITH nu. FRIDAY 0 secure a statement from Mr. David Friday on the Detroit wed-caddy. Milk situation, I interviewed him Thursday, January 25, upon his return from the Detroit conference, which was held on The situation at present seems to be somewhat indefinite and mowed. Friday is starting a careful investigation of all phases of use Detroit situation which bear upon the distributing of milk. lie-will probably, be some weeks upon this work, as there are a a number of difficult angles to be considered. The fluctuation of supply and demand at different seasons, unorganized distributors, labor costs in the distributing plants—these are among the things which Friday mentioned yesterday as calling for a careful and complete study. Prof. J. ’1‘. Homer, of the M. A. 0., economics department, is wakinngith Friday in the detailed investigation. For the present, as I understand the situation, the contract price agreed upon for December between the producers and dis- tributors (with Mr. Friday serving as “arbitrator") is to continue in afloat. This calls for $3.00 a hundred pounds to the farmer and retail sales from the wagon at 14 cents a quart. The only definite bit of information Mr. Friday gave out on the present situation in Detroit is that they are receiving in Detroit now 15 to 20 per cent more milk than the people of Detroit are consuming as whole milk. This, of course, means that the surplus must be used in manufactures, and bought at a lower price. This, according to Friday, is one of the chief problems connected with the entire issue. and one-half to three Consumption of milk in Detroit has declined two per cent—the normal lowered cansumption at this season of the year, apparently. \ President Friday seemed unwilling to give out any definite state- ment at this time, study of all angles weeks—J B. Hasselman. beyond the fact that he is to make a. careful of the difficult situation during‘the next few about 20 per cent less in winter than in summer. But almost always there is a. surplus of milk in winter and a shortage in summer. farmers should ‘freshen’ their cows so a greater yield would come in the. summer. That automaticallyswould revise the price. “This afternoon the dealers and producers got together pretty well on this angle. They agreed to a tenta— tive arrangement \whereby the farm- er will be penalized for over—produc- v tionv in the wrong season.” ‘ He announced also. that the price of milk to me producer anacon- sumer in the Detroit area would 're- main the same for the month of Jan- uary, that it had been set by him, Car Shortage Causes Thousands of crops, has percipitated this crisis in the lives of the nation's food pro- ducers in Mecosta county. , fall, when farmers could have sold their potatoes at 60 to 65 cents ‘ a hundred-weight, they were unable to get even common box cars for movement of their crop during the season when it was not necessary to go to the expense of refining the car But under the belief that the railroad would fulfill its obligations as a common carrier and would fur- nish cars, farmers stated that they left their potatoes? in pits or hauled them into temporary basements until car-should be supplied. Those tnbers still are in the pits and cellars but, farmers‘say they are now worthless. Hany of them froze early in Decem- ber- and others have frosted since. ,480 Paish . marketing representatives at the shipping points. in the county esti- approximateiy 400 car- at $96,000 frost or have boost-consumed by cattle simply be— cause the railroads were unable to furnish thenecmsary cars. The. V A ques- , ,tion been raised by some of the growagiato whether '1 is 1* . to , ‘ a month earlier, for the December. While Dr. David Friday’s milk in— quiry settled itself down to an ex- amination of books, evidences con- tinued today to accumulate to show that producers are not receiving the $3 rate for each 100 pounds of milk. It is the payment of this rate that makes the‘ cost of milk high to the consumer, the distributors have been claiming. . The practice of underpaying the farmer, and at the same time loading on him the charges of hauling from the stations to the creameries in Detroit, is classified as good business by the management of the big dis- tributing Companies. It is_good business also to under- Dollars of Loss to Potato Growers these damages alleged to be the di- rect result of the railroads failing to supply cars upon numerous and repeated requests. The car shortage seems to be most acute on the Pere Marquette line. Seven months ago when the writer was investigating claims of this railroad for its request to aban- don the branch lines from Mecosta to Barryton and Remus to Weidman he was told that the tonnage was not sufficient to warrant maintaining the lines. This week he found that there is more business on these two branch lines than the railroad can begin to handle. Since last September the Barryton potato growers’ association has had a request on file with the Pere Mar- quette for one car a day to load out potatoes, but the railroad has been unable to supply only a part of the orders. a This is not the first year, farmers stated, that this region has been gripped with a car shortage. While other lines, particularly the Michigan Central, have been supplying its ship- pers with nearly all the cars they i needed, the’Pere Marquette for some reason, either lack of cars or indif- t, . hasbeen slow in fillingor- . along routes formerly owned by the speakers at this series of ~11 er sell rivals who set up in business big - creameries. Evidence of this type of cutting was obtained by a daily paper and submitted to W. J. Kennedy of the Detroit Creamery. Mr. Kennedy readily admitted his ' company was cutting the price in one section. He declared that form- er employes of his concern had had\ the termerity to set themselves up in business. He was going to sell milk 2 cents Cheaper than the new distributors did in order to drive them out of business, he said. Want Inquiry Made State-Wide Several Michigan legislators have now come forward with the demand that. the milk investigation be made _ state—Wide and such important areas as Grand Rapids, Flint, Saginaw, Kalamazoo and Jackson, be taken into consideration. They seem to feel that the conditions are only slightly worse in the Detroit area.. Lansing has, of course, in operation ‘ a farmers’ owned company which is making the experiment, with appar- ent success of distributing its own milk to the consumer and yet both consumer and distributor have reap— ed a great benefit. "‘I am inclined to agree with my colleague, Representative Joseph Warner, of Ypsilanti,” said Repre- * sentativ‘e Howell, of Saginaw. “He “ says the distributors in Detroit give a. rotten deal to both the farmer and the consumer. “He has been both producer and distributor and he ought to know.” Next Meeting February Tenth Prof. J. T. Horner, of the Dairy Division, M. A. C., has been delegated by Dr. Friday to carry on an actual v .3 investigation of the creamery com- panies books and the next meeting is scheduled for February tenth and it has not yet been announced as to whether this meeting will be con- ducted publicly or not, altho there is considerable pressure being brought to bear on Dr. Friday, to hold these meetings in the open, where all the facts can be_secured and presented to the judgement of the vast masses of people interested in milk, from both sides of the question. “0 dcrs, but not as tardy as during. the last four months. ~ Question of Leasing The situation now has resolved itself, according to growers and mar- ket men, into the q estion of whether the state shoul not lease or buy enough cars to insure its farmers adequate transportation facilities to market their crops. The farmers believe, however, that the railroads should be charged with é their transportation responsibilities. i They point out that factories in the cities do not have to buy or lease cars, and they can see no reason why they should do so although there is some talk among the local associations of advising the Michigan I Potato Growers’ exchange at Cadillac L to lease cars next season the same as the old line cOmpanies do. . In order to be economical in the ' marketing of potatoes, 0. 0. Wells, ' manager of the Michigan Potato. ‘ n Growers’ exchange and one of the” meetings, half of the Michigan-crop should go to market before Nov. 1,. The balé ‘ ance, if the railroads supply chasm-s ' can be marketed in anorde‘rly ' ' during the whiter (Continuedmn ’~ .--. -- .4..— - --_--_.W_ v Proper training of this tree during the first two or three years of its life would have prevented th s. n OST fruit growers will agree that tree growth and fruit production are regulated to a considerable extent by pruning prac- tices, but there is much confusion as to the amount and kind of prun— , ng that should be employed to give the" desired results. Experiment Station investigators are gradually working out various phases of the ably be many years before definite rules can be formulated relative to the training and pruning of all kinds and types of fruit trees. Yet, while these problems are be— ing Solved, trees must be pruned. ‘ It is the main purpose of this article to present some of the underlying principles which the fruit grower should constantly keep in mind, and to show how these principles may be \applied to such trees as are common— 51y found in Michigan. Throughout the discussion of pruning practices certain terms are used more or less frequently, and it is well that an understanding be had of these, together with the general principles involved. Again, certain practices are applicable, in a general way, to all kinds of decidu~ Gus fruit trees, and these may be briefly discussed before taking up more detailed consideration of the handling of specific kinds of fruit trees. The removal of an entire branch, limb, twig or spur is referred to as thinning or “thinning out.” Thin— ning results in a less croWded con- dition throughout the tree, and it u ually permits a” greater amount of 1i ht and a freer circulation of air in the interior portions. This kind of pruning generally encourages the formation of fruit spurs and discour— ages the formation of lengthy side branches or laterals. It favors the development of an extensive fruit— ing system, but continued thinning with some kinds and varieties of fruits eventually leads to the form- ation of wide-spreading or rangy ‘trees that are expensive to handle ' and that are unable to carry their crops 'without artificial supports. tion of a branch is removed, the process is known as heading 0: “headingback.” This type of prun- ing is practiced when branches are growing out of bounds; whcn one part of- the tree is growing more rap- idly in pr0portion to the tree as a whole that is desired; to encourage the development of the framework branches of the tree at such points as they are deSired, and to avoid a rangy type of growth. Th: head— ing back of a vigorous shoot usually results in the formation of several strong—growing lateral shoots and few spurs the succeeding year. Hence, it promotes the formation of a compact head. In other words, heading back has more to do with the development of form of tree than with the development of a fruiting system, and is ' practiced «than with those in bearing. -He“a,vi- 'ly headedback young trees should not be" expected to attainlgreater ‘ size than 'th0se headed lightly or 1" not at all—gin fact," if centinued fOr seweralvyears, the gross effect is an undersized tree, as well as,‘ one tilate' in coming into fniit"'pr0du“c‘tion. lending is" somewhat artificial.- - In ’ ‘5 er , words, a' single“ ‘pruning7‘cnt ‘ * ' «ltxinmthinningzout as well. :back; pruning problem, but it will prob—v .Thiis isifrequenh When the tip or any larger por-‘ .been removed, formation of , , ly the case when three- or four—year- old wood is being removed from peach trees and the cuts are made Close to a lateral of the former par- ent branch. Two branches that have made practically the same amount of growth are often found growing from a common point. If left un— pruned or if headed back to the same length, the amount of growth from each of the following year will be approximately equal. If one branch is cut several inches shorter than the other, the longer one will give rise to more growth the fol- lowing years, and eventually the shorter one will become a side branch of the longer, as. naturally occurs if one branch is longer than the other and no pruning takes place. Thus equal cutting back of branches arising from a common point results in equal growth, and unequal cutting back results in un— equal growth. Furthermore, when two branches of equal size emerge from a common-place in such a way as to form a sharp “Y”, a weak crotch results unless steps are tak- en to strengthen it. Equal cutting back of these two branches will not better the condition, but unequal cutting back, leaving one consider— ably longer than the other, will en- courage the longer one to become a leader or main branch, and the other will eventually become a later— al or side branch; The crotch is strengthened and splitting in later years avoided. ' Long Pruning Recently the attention fruit growers has been directed to a kind of pruning, very popular in California, known as “long prun- ing,” and it may be well to state brieflthhe meaning of this term. Pruning as commonly practiced on the Pacific Coast, until recently, con- sisted of some thinning—out and a very heavy heading back (removal of 50 to 75, per cent of each new branch) of the new growth each year. This resulted in devotion by the trees of too large a part of their energies to the growth of long shoots and not enough to fruit pro- duCtion, and the fruiting wood on the interior portions of the trees was often shaded out by the dense top. Fruit growers have found that they can reduce this excessive wood growth and increase the fruitfulness of their trees by practicing a “thin- ningfout” and they thus tinue the former severe “heading.” Since the new growth'is left without heading, the result is a tree very different in appearance from the former heavily cut—back one, and hence the term “long-pruning.” Generally, the greatest growth re— sponse takes place in the immediate vicinity of a pruning cut. This is noticeable where a large branch has resulting in the numerous water- . sprouts near the point of removal. In Is .toa greateh extent with young trees This division between thinning and '. v these parts'rt‘liut viiil__jgenerally’ in- like manner, if a branch or shoot is cutback, a few laterals (side branches) will usually develop near the end of the headed—back branch, although some response may be not, The re- “ ed some, distance away.. movral of‘a‘b‘ranch has comparatively little direct effect'on‘ the'tre‘e as a whole. If, then, it is desirable, to renew vegetative 'g‘ro‘Wth throughout the tree, the' cutting must be distri- buted throughout the entire tree. work confined to the outer parts of the tree’will give direct response in of some discon— ‘ '\ Pruning ru Now is the Time toDo this Valuable {'Work’ ' By ROY E. MARSHALL Professor of Horticulture. M. A. 0. directly affect the central parts by .admitting more light and permit- ting a freer circulation of air. The careful pruner should :keep these facts in .mind in all pruning pract- ices. ’There is a strong tendency among V pruners to remove all the fruit spurs and short shoots from the young trees, especially from the scaffold branches, as they are thought to be of no use. However, experience shows that, if allow‘ed to remain, these are productive of the first fruit of the tree. If they are re- moved, the tree will not come into early bearing. (Some pruners think that these small twigs will only be in the way‘ in later years. These fruiting branches seldom reach a length of more than a few inches, and if they do they may be short— ened. Even if some are broken off from time to time, it will certainly pay well to leave and preserve a liberal supplyof them as long as possible. How to Remove a Branch So much emphasis has been placed by many writers upon right and wrong methods of removing branches that it would seem unnecessarv to mention these again, but some grow- ers are still very careless in this op- eration. The wound resulting from the removal of a branch will heal much more rapidly if the cut is made close to and almost parallel with the main stem. If removed even a slight distance beyond the parent branch, the result is a slow healing wound. If a stub is left, it usually dies and heart rot eventually develops in the parent branch. It is often advisable first to saw in for. a short distance on theunder side of large branches so as to prevent the splitting and peeling of bark from th parent branch when the branch is nearly sawed through. Pruning is ordinarily done during the dormant season. Slight prefer- ence should be given to that done in late winter or early Spring because the wounds heal more rapidly; but if all pruning is left until such a time, the work may not be completed be— cause of the rush of other farm prac- tices in early spring. Consequently, any favorable weather, after the dropping of the foliage in the fall and before the opening of the buds in the spring, may be utilized for prun- ing. If one has a large acreage, he should start work in the older apple and pear trees during the early win— ter, and reserve the stone fruit and younger trees for late winter and spring pruning. It is believed that pruning done during. any weather that, is suitable for the pruner will result in no ill effects. is possible that heart rot, die-back, bruisingysplitting, etc., may result from pruning frozen wood. Pruning Tools _ A Two tools are essential for pruning work: a pair of small hand-shears and a saw. With these two tools a pruner can do practically all of the work that will be requireddn bearing Erees and most of the work in young rees. ’ The shears shOuld be made 'of the. best material obtainable, as cheap shears are easily sprung. A' good pair of steel shears will withstand heavy work for several yearsfi The shears should be seven to ten inbhes in length, nine being the size usually preferred. The saw should be so constructed as to cut rapidly, leave a smooth out, be as light as is consistent with rigid— ity and good lasting qualities; and it should have a hand grip that will not tire or cramp the hand or wrist. A saw on Which the teeth are set to cut on the “pull” is less tiring to the pruner. Saws with teeth on both edges are objectionable, as they are usually poor in cutting quality and frequently injure bark on the per- manent branch. A pair of lopping or wooden handled shears often facilitate the work about young trees and about the lower parts of old'trees. It is a somewhat awkward tool to use in the upper parts of bearing trees. Such shears should be about 20 to 26 inchesin length and of double leverage. Pole pruners, length, enable the pruner to work the tops of trees five to ten years old to better advantage. They should not be used where it is possible to employ the other tools, because work with the pole pruner is, at best very slow, and the cutting Cannot be done as precisely as with other teals. It is considered good practise to paint wounds larger than one and one-half to two inches in diameter with a good white lead to which some kind ofxantiseptic has been added. An ouncelof cyanide of mercury or, ,bichloride of mercury may be dis— solved in a little turpentine and thoroughly mixed with, a gallon of the paint. A charcoal, brush, graft- ing wax, such as is used in bridge grafting, makes an excellent cover- ing. See Michigan Experiment Sta- tion Circular No. 14, Revised. , Types of Training Fruit trees may be~developed ac- cording to any one of seVeral differ- ent styles of training during the non- bearing, vegetative, or formative (Continued on page 17.) n branches, 8 year later. tain the proper A group of-two-year-old Northern Spy trees which are being trained accordin to the modified leader system. Note that they show from flveJo’ acycn lasers sea Old Two or three more will be selected from near the 1: '~ A central leader will not '- . ‘ These trees have had' a. very light thinning out send: : { w. be rota .4; film?" we» ~ » is might» However, it six to ten feet in' t the central leads: all“, shown a“. «.531;an _ a; 61:59..” . 1i I . .. -i ,\ 'PHCTURESFROM FAR ’ AND NEAR = Four feet—count ’em yourseltl—This chicken, Great pyramid is work of scientist—The pyramid of A novelty for the bride—A unique chest. of a Rhode Island Red, was hatched on an Indiana Kunuf. at Gizih. gypt, which according to English en- drawers which is being imported into Germany. farm, and ’tis said, that by virtue of its two gineers, was designed by a Scientist who must have The chest is made of marble and is in the form useless appendages it rules the barnyard. The known the shape of the earth. They give the date of of a bride in bridal gown of the 18th Century. chicken is perfectly normal otherwise. the commencement of the pyramid as 2170 B. C. In the body are several small and large drawers- VVaiting for the train i—John McGuigan. of White Cloud, Michigan, who has What Coue suggested to sculptor —"Every day in every way," the bust 01’ Emile been paralyzed for the past fifteen years, has supported himself and 'his family Coue. the now famous evangelist of optimistic health, Is being completed in man-hie by meeting all trains and selling candy, cigars, and magazines. “Billy” brings under the skillful chisel of Jo Davidson, eminent American sculptor. )Ir. Dayld- his master in. “Billy” leads a happy life. The passengers feed him with every- son did most of the work in France, before )1. Cone. sailed for America, thing from cizars to magazines. but he is completing the work now at his studio in New York. The’ Radio Typewriter—Edward Reborn, 3 They’re going swimmingle—UD in Manchester, New Uncle Sam emrployes blind man—W. A. West, mechanic ,0! Oakland. California. has Just ‘in- 'Harnpshire, where there is plenty of snow, and where who is blind, is considered one of the most 91110.. ’vonted. a. radio-typewriter that takes its mes- ice skating is the chief sport in the winter time, men ient lacers in Uncle Sam‘s mailbag repair shop. sages-‘1 om~the air and~writes themtout as if' and boys, with Indian-like fortitude. don bathing suits He puts the finishing touch on the, bag, putting liylthe hand of a ghost. What next and make for the Old Swimmin’ Hole, while the Mercury in the rope that is used to 'ock the bags. lie has “women.” invent? ‘ x . ' . 1, " siithers around 20 below zero. g . turned out. an ui‘crag: of 300 bags a, day. ' (copyright Keystone, View; Gompgny)‘; J l w . .—-. .9“... . w.wu.,. . a“, “a. / " Cdst State over$300,000tin 1922 to Idemiify Owners and it will cost nearly Two Million ; ' ;. T is possible to free Michigan of tuberculous cattle within five years, but the cost will be around two million dollars if we are to ac- cept the figures just issued by the State Department of Agriculture, in their first annual report. Dr. T. S. Rich, federal inspector in charge of the tuberculosis eradi— cation in.cooperation with the state oflicials, agrees with this statement and says he bases his judgement on the phenomenal achievements in Michigan during the last 12 months. J‘he State first undertook to en- courage bovine tuberculosis eradi- cation by payment of indemnity for animals slaughtered on account of this disease in 1909. The testing Was done by veterinarians over the State without any definite plan until July 1, 1917, when'a cooperative agreement was entered into with the Federal Government under the Fed— eral and State accredited plan, by which owners of purebred herds vol- untarily submitted their cattle for the tuberculin test by State or Fed- eral veterinarians and agreed to fol- low instructions in regard to methods of handling their herds in order to prevent. exposure to the disease from outside sources. Herds were signed up and taken under supervision in many counties of the State and were regularly tested without expense to the owner, and both State and Fed— eral Governments paid indemnities when animals reacte’cl and were slaughtered. These herds were wide— ly scattered in many counties over the State and greatly stimulated in— \ MONEY APPROPRIATED TO FIGHT BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS *- IN MICHIGAN I HE total funds appropriated by counties during the past year for cooperative bovine tuberculosis eradication on the area basis amounted to $107,700.00. given are as follows: Hillsdale .................. «$7,000.00 Jackson ........................... .. 8,000.00 Livingston “ .................. .... .. 4,500.00 Grand Traverse 2,500.00 Antrim ................................. .. 2,500.00 Charlevoix ......................... .. 2,500.00 Emmet ............................ .. 2,500.00 Gogebic ................. _.. 2,500.00 Wayne ..__..___ ............... .____ 5,000.00 Kent ._._._....:. 5,000.00 Shiawassee 1.... 5,000.00 The coanties and amounts Washtenaw .1........_._-...$10,000.00 Ingham ........................ _.... 5,000.00 Calhoun ~ 9,000.00 Clinton ................. “.1... 8,000.00 Monroe ............................ .1- 5,000.00, Lelanan ..................... -M 1,500.00 Oceans .................................. 4,000.00 Muskegon . 5,000.00 Ogemaw ............................... .. 5,000.00 Total .................. ..$107,700.00 terest_in tuberculin testing by edu- cating the general public and the herd owners in particular as to the importance and significance of the work. As the work increased, how- ever. the expense became too great in proportion to the results secured because of the time wasted and ex- pense incurred in traveling from place to place to test herds. This led to the adoption of the area plan, by which the tuberculin test is ap- plied to all cattle in a given area. The work is conducted with much greater economy and efficiency and infected herds are located rapidly and diseased animals removed. Under the area plan, as is it now being handled in this State, the J County Board of Supervisors is asked to make an appropriation sufficient to cover the salary of one veterin- arian employed by the county and the cost of carrying on the work in the county, including transportation of veterinarians, ear tags for cattle, etc, and the Board of Supervisors signs the cooperative agreement with the Bureau of Animal Industry and the United States Department of Ag- riculture. In October of last year the first big victory over bovine tuberculosis was won when the herds of Hillsdale county, in a whirlwind campaign of 12 days through the work of 33 test- ers, were freed of the scourge. One of the men who was instru- 9““ ; t “ 7/ Ma Showing prof-cs: of bum: fubcreulosi; eradication by coma-its in Michigan ’Vov. I 10:2. mead-flu in 0 ,9 Md. 0 Taft}! II in [1]] ,4, . i @ Finds ‘ a raft-Iach. Turing {yd '- '- [ fi .16; :Qfiba ILLINOI8 fibfiflib IIJ I . This map shows the remarkable progress that has of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan. LAKE -sueenion . st ‘3. DOIINION OF CANADA ‘n made in the fight to'free cattle herds The results place the state at the front ‘- jtrengthen confidence in the, belief that the diseaise can be drivel?i to the last ditch in Michiganfiand " ‘ ‘ " ‘ of .3 ke' to mar ngs. . 1 n r ., ‘ . «- ' °th°’~'9t’t°s"bet9‘° @912”? ‘At $113.1...” ‘- a; .- y“ t . ' women cm a Joana. a \ O LAKE am in this Work and gram. ’ ; v ' . mental in obtaining 'funds for the work was Prof. H. R. Smith, former- ' ‘ 1y a resident, but now live stock com- missioner of the National Live Stock Exchange; Among state authorities, cooperating with the department, are H. W. Norton, Jr., director of the bureau of animal industry of depart- ment of "agriculture and State Vet- erinarian B.’ J. Killam. The results of the drive fired the state with enthusiasm for tubercu— losis eradication. ' _At the beginning the applications from herd-owners were purely vol- untary. But the county authorities; here and there caught the spirit of the movement. Boards of supervis- ors. began to invite the department of agriculture to send representa- ‘ ,tives to explain to them the needs and cost of the campaign, and county. after county made the necessary ap- propriations to undertake the work. These invitations had the approval of about 95 per cent'of The herd- owners, and yet it was felt that to leave even 5 per cent of the herds in any area untested might largely nullify the effort. Prompted by overwhelming pub- ,lic opinion, a search was made for means to compel objectors to comply with the will of the great maiority , and the existing law was found to~ be ample on the subject. The com- missioner of agriculture is empow- ered to quarantine any herd deemed a menace to the public- health. Armed with this authority, the in— spectors have been able to make the eradication absolute in every county to which they have been invited by the county authqrities. No effort has been made to bring pressure on any county and no county has been solicited to undertake the campaign; Over 160,000 Cattle Tested The total amount accomplished during the past year has surprised even the authorities themselves. More than 23,000 herds containing about 160,000 cattle have been put under supervision. All the cattle have been tested at least once in eight counties. Hills- dale, Jackson, Livingston, Grand Traverse, Charlevoix, Antrim, Em- met and Gogebic. In addition to the test -is.now in progress in Wayne, Washtenaw, Ing- ham, Eaton, Kent and Shiawassee, while Monroe, St. Joseph, Calhoun, Huron, Muskegon, Oceana, Leela— nau, Otsego, Presque Isle, Cheboy— gan, Schoolcraft and Ontonagon are on the waiting list. ' The counties have appropriated out of their own funds from $2,500 to $15,000, depending on their area and number of herds. The approp— riation usually is based‘Un '25 cents per animal. The total money raised by the counties reached $125,000., Indicative of the rapid spread of the idea is the fact that 17 other counties have, through their boards of supervisors, requested representa- tives of the state department to come and explain the work and advise with them as to plans. All this has been accomplished during the last 12 months. " $300,000 for Five Years The experience gained has enabled a pretty accurate estimate of costs. Fortunately, Michigan was,» aroused to the need before conditions became ‘ " bad. The percentage’of animals re— \ acting to test is only about 31/2. Out of the 23,000 herds under supervision, 19,000 have no tuber- culosis. This tact greatly simplifies the prob m, and at the same time‘ argues t rcefully for the adoption at - once of a thorough state-wide pro-- illustration of the cost of- I cited. During the last year the a ' horities in that state haves»- pend for tuberculosis eradication _ leaf" that $300,009? the Michigan authorities pest! ' more- that thence?“ ‘flnwe «J ‘ I "._ l . ,1 A ’ x...» ~ _ . z . . v» Alia has gt. a. ._ din-099ka H-»~HA---“._;-_ ._.___ .. lemma ._,._-.2; ’ \ -..-_._u.... ‘ greatly Equality. of the seed grpwn. ~jh‘ ‘said to have been as late as 1909 « organized an Essociation ‘ taken anything; _ For many'years the" immerse: ; Michigan seemed not to have been concerned It is "that the Michigan Agricultural Col- * le‘ge began the distribution of pedi— greed grain seed. It was not long :the’reafter that 'a group of farmers for the premotiOn of the title of superior and purebred seeds. This organiza- tion is now known as the Michigan Crop Improvement Association. In this way there has come into use such new improved varieties of grain -as "Rosen .Rye” (introduced ,from Russian" by a student at the College by the name of Rosen) “Red Rock Wheat,” “Worthy,” and other varieties of oats, “Black Barbless _‘ley," ’etc. strated their worth and added great- ly to the productiveness of Michigan agriculture. Similarly there has been organized “The Michigan Pota—y to Producers Association” for the “purpose of improving the quality and yield of the Michigan potato crop. Both associations have a system of inspection and certifica— tion for purebred seed. The Michi- gam State Farm Bureau, since its organization in 1919 has undertaken the distribution of purebred seed to its members. When one contrasts the fifty-five varieties of potatoes listed by the State Board of Agri— culture in the state in the year 1868 With the much smaller number of standard varieties found here today, one sees something of the revolution that has taken place in agricultural practice in the last few years. It 'is no doubt true that certain other factors have reduCed agricult- ural production in Michigan. fertility of the soil has generally speaking not been maintained up to the standard found by' the pioneers. Our farmers in this respect have not like the pains which belong to the patient, indust— rious and wise farmers of China. History must record that the fertile surface soils were allowed to be washed away by rains and, floods, and to have its essential humus destroyed by frequent burnings by forest and brush fires. Hilltops .were deforested and this encour— aged their denudation and ruin for agricultural purpoSes. In some sec- tions, continued cropping“ in the "same tracts,‘with the removal and sale of forage grasses without any- thing .being done to replace the -ele—, ments they have taken fro-m the soil, has had its inevitable result in bankrupting the productive power of the land. It is requiring all the im- ‘ provements in agricultural practices and marketing methods to overcome 'this self—imposed handicap. Native W'ild Fruits The native wild fruits of Michi—. ‘gan—the wild crabapple, wild plum, wild cherry and numerous wild ber- ries (raspberries, black, red and White, salmon—berry, cranberry hudkleberry, Wintergreen berry) were added to by certain tame species, such as the pear and the apple which, originally introduced into the territory by early French settlers or coureurs de bois, were found growing in a wild state by the first American travelers and set- tlers. The wild grapes had a won- derful luxuriance in the southeast- ern section of the state where soil conditions 'were more favorable ‘ than the climate, giving rise to the name “River Raisin” along whose banks, as well as the Detroit River, the ‘vine grew of enormous size and in great profusion. apple-trees in remote places in the Michigan wilderness struck the first American comers as curious, and they wondered much as to the cause. . It is still: mere a matter of ‘couject uh than of, clear record. ‘ - _ With the settlement came import- ed varieties ‘of domesticated fruits - film- truitv culture, first among the Fran h and then among the - " a ‘ regarding the These have demon» The ' To find bearing ‘ ffareening,” _. a dud concluding Installment of Historicqlauitline of Rural Life in Michigan, by Prof. L. A. Chase Very early,"too, apparently as early as the attainment of statehood—the great fruit industry of the Lake Michigan shorehad gained its start, and peaches were going to market from the mouth of the St. Joseph River, and tame grapes were grow- ing close to Grand Haven. There is testimony that the removal of the protecting forest from the interior of the state had its part in driving fruit culture, particularly of the peach and grape, to the lake shore where the winter blasts and sum— mer breezes were tempered by the influence of the vast body of water over which they passed. The hard— ier plums, apples, cherries made good their position in. the interior counties and even as far north as the shore of Lake Superior. At Ypsilanti and other southern points tree nurseries appeared very early and supplied fruit—growers with'na- tive stock. Thus before the time of the Civil War the Michigan fruit industry was thoroughly establish- ed. The State Horticultural Society was established in 1870 and in the intervening half century there has been a steady improvement in hort- icultural methods and results. The nut-bearing trees—the hickory, the beech, the butternut, the Walnut, the chestnut and the hazelbush-—~ have also contributed largely to the food supply of the people, butnot much in commercial quantities. Of late there has been formed “The Northern Nut-growers’ Association” to promote the growing of edible nuts in the northern states. Horses are reported to have been introduced into Michigan by the early French, described as hardy, strong, of a quiet disposition and some of them quite speedy. An amalgamation of this type with early American breeds is said to have oc— curred. These early American horses were of moderate size, (fifteen to sixteen hands high and weighing 1,000 to 1,200 pounds). English thoroughbred stallions crossed with native mares improved the strain and provided the carriage and driv- ing horses of later days. About 1854 the Morgan and Black Hawk horses are'said to have been intro— duced from New England along with hamiltonian and other trotting blood. During this period draught horse breeds, mainly of English stock, are reported to have entered the state. Then came Percherons from France, English C‘lydes and other types. By 1892 Belgians were also in evidence. Cleveland Bays and French coach—horses had then arrived. In 1892 Michigan had 530,000 horses which had risen to 640,000 in 1920. In the pioneer era cattle, sheep and swine were of various non-de— script types and it is only recently that there has arisen a demand for pure-bred stock. In 1890 the Michigan Improved Livestock Breeders’ and Feeders’ Association was formed, and, as in- terest grew, there were formed special associations for particular breeds, such as the Aberdeen-Angus, the Holstein-Friesian, Short—horns and other varieties of cattle, and for particular breeds of sheep and swine. It is now much more com— mon than it once was to find Mich- igan farmers with pure bred regis- tered livestock. Manufacturing Butter and Cheese The manufacture of butter and cheese in factories dates from the time shortly after the Civil War and has been closely associated with the cattle business. It did not destroy the domestic manufacture of these products", but it has become rela- tively of much greater importance as he census figures show. It has alw ys been of greatest importance in the southern and central counties. The milk producers of the state have oragnized and Michigan Allied Dairy Association comprises a number of industries related to the production and distribution of milk and milk products. Laws have been enacted for the protection of the purity of milk supply and to prevent short measures in its sale. Some cities have established commissions to certify to the purity of the milk sold to the public and to prevent the sale of impure milk. Sheep are grown both for their fleece and for mutton. The pioneers made their own cloth from home— grown wool and even yet there are people in Michigan who continue this practice in spite of the greater cheapness of factory—made goods. The spinning wheel still hums in a few farm homes, and turns out a product that has no shoddy in it. There are also several factories in Michigan in both peninsulas, for the manufacture of woolen goods—— not all from Michigan wool however, although they have utilized a por— tion of the wool gathered in by the Michigan State Farm Bureau. There has been a great improvement in the grades of Michigan sheep and Michigan wool is regarded as of ex— cellent uqality. In the early period of Michigan history, however, sheep— raising was common especially in the southern counties. ’ In the earlier period of the state’s history, meat, like almost every- thing else, was produced at home or in local slaughter—houses. While at present, much Michigan livestock is shipped to packing—plants out- side the state—to Chicago, Toledo and Buffalo—Detroit stockyards and packing“ plants have also received large shipments and are doing an in-' creasingly important business. In- deed, as Detroit contains more than a quarter of the population of Mich— . igan it affords an important market for many Michigan farm products. The pioneers gathered sugar and honey from the forest. Maple sugar is still an important Michigan pro— duct, sugar making time being one of the high spots of the rural calen— Ottawa Newt‘own (Grand Haven) Van Buren as ‘ 4" ’.,- "bi/Kalamazoo Q . h SLJosepho -\\‘ s". M ex,“ metal metal strip covering the _ ‘ «horse-draw, vane at fiat. no first three run-om; hunt in Michigaiu run-ning surface. and some of these roads _All rails were of wood with a. ' ~fruitgrowcrs have :1, Agriculture 1 dar. The sugar-maple grows throughout most of the two penin- sulas and sugar making on the farm_ is equally distributed. The maple sugar producers recently formed a state association to further their in— terests, and they are now distribut- ing a portion of their syrup and sugar through the Michigan State Farm Bureau. Very much the same remarks apply to the production of honey. The unimproved cutover lands of the northern section of the state, through the abundance of the nectar-yielding vegetation which their carry, are becoming recognized as very favorable to honey-produc— tion and a beginning has been made in this territory. The abundance of the right kinds of timber_ and iron, favored the early growth of factories of the manufact— ure of farm machinery, at first, fan« ning mills, corn planters, plows, etc., and more recently were added ve- hicles, threshing—machines, hand- mills, wire-fence, many kinds of im- plements and tractors, while the-up— per Peninsula contributes butter-\ bowls, clothes—pins, handles, and stump—pullers. Marketing For many years Michigan farmers marketed their products, each for himself, as best he could. The re- sults were not always profitable. The Grange was established in Michigan in the early ’70’s and still later the Ancient Order of Gleanors, both of which have sought to improve mar- ket conditions for the farmers. Later still associations of farmers for the purpose of marketing some particu— lar crop—~such as potatoes, milk, honey, livestock, sugar—beets, etc., —wcre formed, and some of these have done a very large business that of the Michigan Potato Grow— ers Exchange amounting to several ,. millions of dollars in a year. The considerable number of those selling organiza— tions. This organizing movement culminated in 1.919 with the estaly . lishment of the Michigan State Farm Bureau which grew Vcry rapidly and now (1921i has ucarly 100,000 members. With and through its county and local farm bureaus, it handles seed, wool, grain. fertilizers, forest products and other things bought or sold by members; and it serves as a sort of business clccrmg house for the other farmers’ selling organizations. There is a similar national organization——the Ameri— can Fnrm Bureau Fodcrntion~~witl1 which the State Farm Bureau is of— filiatcd. Local groups of farmers have also established (to—operative- stores, elevators, crcamcrics and cheese factories, bull associations, telephone and lighting companies, and purchasing organizations for ' their mutual advantage. There are state laws which permit and favor such organizations. All this is quite unlike the individualism of the early period of Michigan rural life. Through the telephone, rural mail service, automobile, and the inter-- urban, rural life has ceased to be isolated. This easier contact with the common life of the state and the nation has stimulated rural thought and made it more responsive to new ideas. This may well prove one of the most noteworthy aspects of the agricultural revolution that the past generations seems to have witness— ed. Though laborious the farmers’ life appears to be, it is undoubtedly much less laborious than it was be— fore the invention of labor-saving machinery relieved the husbandman of much of 'the severest drudgery OI his existence and elevated him to the position of a business manager requiring executive ability rather than sheer brute force to gain re~ sults. This, too, has liberalized thought and done much to relive the farmer from the stigma of nar— row conservatism that has some- times attached to him. The stock has always been sturdy and capable, of growth but it has required great~ er breadth (and 'ileXibilityHOI mind. . This‘ the development the later- ‘ A (Continued from Jan. .20 issue) ‘- , V 0 sooner had the idea; of, escape " .come to him than he had»acted. Ithat he had ’ v A flood 'of'light filled, the room as his body crashed through the glass. He heard a cry—a single shot—as he struck the grouird. He" gathered himself up and ran swiftly; Fifty yards away he stopped, and looked back. Quade and Rann were in the window. Then they disappeared, and a moment later the room was .again in gloom. I For the second time Aldous hur- ried in the direction of MacDonald’s camp. He knew that in spite of the protecting curtain, the glass had cut him. He felt the warm blood drip- ping over his face; both hands were wet with it. The arm on which he received the blow from the unseen object in the room gave him consid— erable pain, and he had slightly sprained an ankle in his leap through the window, so that he limped a lit- tle. ,But his mind was clear so clear that in the face of his physical discomfort he caught himself laugh- ing once or twice as he made his way along the trail. Aldous was not of an ordinary type. To a curious and superlative degree he could appreciate a defeat as well as a triumph. His adven- tures had been a part of a life in which he had not expected to win, and in to—night’s game he admitted been hopelessly and ridiculously beaten. Tragedy, to him, was a first cousin to comedy; to- night he had set out to kill, and, in— stead of killing, he had run like a jack-rabbit for cover. Also, in that same half—hour Rann and Quade had been sure of him, and he had given them the surprise of their lives by his catapultic disappearance through the window. There was something ludicrous about it allwsbmething that, to him, at least, had turned a possible tragedy into a very good comedy-drama. Nor was Aldous blind to the fact that he had made-en utter fool of himself, and that the consequences of his indiscretion might prove ex- tremely serious. Had he listened to the conspirators without betraying himself he would have possessed an important advantage over them. The knowledge he had gained from overbearing their conversation would have made it comparatively easy for MacDonald and him to strike them perhaps a fatal blow through the half-breed DeBar. As the situation stood now, he figured that Quade and Culver Rann held the advantage. Whatever they had planned to do they would put 'into quick execution. They would not lose a minute. it was not for himself that Aldous feared. Neither did he fear for Jo- anne. Every drop of red fighting blood in him was ready for further action, and he was determined that Quade should find no opportunity of accomplisng any scheme he might have against Joanne’s person. On the other hand, unless they could head off DeBar, he believed that Culver Rann’s chances of reaching the gold ahead of them would grow better with the passing of each hour. To protect Joanne from Quade he must lose no time. MacDonald would be in the same predicament, while Rann, assisted by as many rascals of his own colour as he chose to take with him, would be free to carry out the other part of the conspirators’ plans. The longer he thought of the mess he had stirred up the more roundly Aldous cursed his imprudence. And this mess, as he viewed it in these cooler moments, was even less dis- turbing than the thought of what might have happened had he suc- ceeded in his intention of killing both Quade and Rann. Twenty times as he made his way through the darkness toward MacDonald’s camp he told himself that he must have been mad. To have killed Rann or Quade in self-defence, or in open fight, would have been playing the game with a shadow of mountain law behind it. But he had invaded Rann’s home. Had he killed them vhe would have had but little more excuse than a house—breaker or a . suspicious husband might have had. Tete Jaune would not countenance cold—blooded shooting, even of crim- inals. He should have taken old Donald’s advice and“ waited until they were in the mOuntains.-4* An un- - rmeasant chill ran through himas he , ‘ , at ’11 awe of: ms Them..th we in. By James Olivei‘CtlerOd Michigan’s Own and America’shFormost Author of the Great Naming! / (Copyright by James Oliver Cut-wood SYNOPSIS ‘ . Cache. the home of .“The Horde." where she has no friends and all will be k A JOANNE GRAY is one of the passengers on the train bound for Tete Jaime strange to "her. .The train stops at a town composed of several tents,, she goes in search of food and a bath. She is directed to “Bill's Shack" and here she meets Bill Quade. who not only owns and operates “Bill’s Shack” but is also leader of the lawless men of the town. Quade says he has a room she can rent and that he will show it to her.“ As they pass out of the room a newcomer enters the doorway leading off. the street. He sees the strange girl enter the place and Aldous, a. well known- novelist. The newcomer is John bi”iGVes she has made a mistake and as he stands in the doorway his eyes rest upon the curtained doorway through which they have passed. moment the girl steps out. face flaming and eyes flashing. He starts to offer the girl money but before he can do so her apologeticaIIY. Aldous steps to the girl’s side and floors Quade with a terrific blow. hurries the girl away from the scene to the home of friends. In but a Quade follows Aldous Joanne tells Aldous she is going to Tete Jaune to find her husband, Mortimer Fitzflugh. Aldous decides to go with her to protect her from Quade and his partner Culver Rann. clares he has seen the grave. Aldous believes FitZangh is dead and locates a friend who do— Upon their arrival at Tote Jaime they are met by friends of Aldous. the Blacktons. at whose place they are to stay dur- ing their stop. Aldous visits an old friend, Donald MacDonald and then strolls about town. Rann’s home. He spys upon them. He is on the lookout for Quade and Rann and finds them at To the surprise, arrived at the camp in the thickly timbered coulee. He was preparing a midnight cup of coffee over a fire that was burning cheerfully between two big rocks. Purposely Aldous stepped out into the full illumination of it. The old hunter looked up. For a moment he stared into the blood—smeared face of his friend; then he sprang to his feet, and caught him by the arm. “Yes, I got it.” nodded Aldous cheerfully. “I went out for it, Mac, and I got it! Get your emergency kit, will you? I rather fancy I need a little patching up.” MacDonald uttered not a word. From the balsam lean—to he brought out a small rubber bag and a towel. Into a canvas wash-basin he then turned a half pail of cold water, and Alodus got on his knees beside this. Not once did the old mountaineer speak while he was washing the blood from Aldous’ face and hands. There was a shallow two-inch cut in his forehead, two deeper ones in his right cheek, and a gouge in his chin. There were a dozen cuts on his hands, none of them serious. Be- fore he had finished MacDonald had' used two thirds of a roll of court- plaster. ‘ Then he spoke. “You can soak them off in the morning,” he said. “If you don’t, the lady’ll think yo’re a red Indian on thewarpath. Now, yo’ fool what have yo’ gone and done?” Aldous told him what had hap- peiied,,and before MacDonald could utter ‘ an excusable idiot and that nothing MacDonald might say Could drive the fact deeper home. “If I’d come out after hearing whatthey had to say, we could have" got DeBar at the end of a gun and settled the whole business,” he fin- ished. “As it is, we’re in a mess.” MacDonald stretched his gaunt frame before the fire. He picked. up his long rifle, and fingered the look. “You figger they’ll get away with DeBar?” I “Yes, to-night.” MacDonald threw open the breech of his single—loader and drew out a cartridge as long as his finger. Re— placing it, he snapped the breech shut. “Don’t know as Il’m pertic’lar sad over what’s happened,” he said, with a curious look at Aldous. “We might have got .out of this without what you call strenu’ 1s trouble. Now—it’s fight! It’s, goin’ to be a. matter of guns an’ bullets,rJohnnyA—— back in the mountains an’ the snake ~ of a half-breed’ll get the start of us. Let ’em have a start! They’vegot tWo hundred miles to go, an’ two hundred miles to comeback. Only ——-they won‘t come backl”: , Underhis shaggy brows the old hunter’s eyes gleamed as he looked at Aldous.‘ , » “To-morrow we’ll .go to the grave.” he added.~ “Yoire cur’ous to know what’s goin to happen when we find that grave; Johnny. So am I. I hope—~” _ ._ “What do you hope?” ‘MacDenald shook his great gray head in th' dying firefight. , , . “Let's. g'pto ed, Johnny,” he 50 John Aldous ' found MacDonald awake when he. CHAPTER XIV To sleep after thefi‘excitement through which he had passed, and with to-morrow’s uncertainties ahead of him, seemed to Aldous a physical impossibility. Yet he slept, and soundly. It was MacDonald who roused him three hours later. They prepared a quick breakfast over a small fire, and ‘Aldous heated water .in which he soaked his face until the strips of court—plaster peeled off. The scratches were lividly evident, but inasmuch ‘as he had a choice of but two evils, he preferred that Jo- anne should see these instead of the abominable disfigurement of the court—plaster strips. Old Donald took one look at him through half-closed eyes. “You look as though you’d come out of a tussle with a grizzily,” he grinned. “Want some fresh court— plaster?” “And look as though I’d come out of a circus—~no!” retorted Aldous. “I’m invited to breakfast at the Blackton’s, Mac. How the devil am I going to get out of it?” “Tell ’_em you’re sick,” chuckled the old hunter, who saw something funny in the appearance of Aldous’ face. “Good Lord, how I’d like to have seen you come through that window—in daylight!” ‘ Aldous led off in the direction of the trail. MacDonald followed close behind him. It was dark—that almost ebon—black hour that precedes sum-‘ mer dawn in the northern mountains. The moon had long ago disappeared in the west. When a few minutes later they paused in the little open— ing on the trail Aldous could just make out the shadowy form of the old mountaineer. “I' lost my gun when I jumped through the window, Mac,” he ex- plained. “There’s another thirty- eight automatic in my kit at the cor- ral. Bring that, and the .303 with the gold bead sight—and plenty of ammunition. You’d better take that forty—four hip—cannon of, yours, along, as Well as your rifle. Wish I could civilize you, Mac, so you’d carry one of the Savage automatics instead of that old brain—storm of fifty years ago!” MacDonald gave a grunt of dis- gust that was like the‘whoof of a bear. “It’s done business all that time,” he growled good humouredly. “An’ it ain’t ever made me jump through any window as I remember of, Johnny!” ' “Enough,” said Aldous, and in the gloom he gripped the other’s hand. “You’ll be there, Mac—in front of tho Blacktons’—-just as it’s growing light?” “That means in three quarters of an hour, Johnny. I’ll be the‘re. "Three saddlehorses and a pack.” Where the trail divided they sep-_ arated. ' Aldous went directly to the. In the kitchen he Saw :, Blacktons’. I Tom, the Oriental cook, busy ~prepar- ing breakfast. Blackton himself, comfortably dressed in duck trousers and a smoking-jacket, and pufling on a pipe, opened the door for him. The pipe almost fell from his mouth when. he saw his friend’s excoriated face. , ,1 ' . . \. “What in the name of is e m: man? ‘ ' Sivny'd‘accident‘,’~?}5 explai Q. ladies anything you 'can think o'fe- something reasonable. The truth is, I went through-a window—fa window with‘plenty of glass in it. Now how the deuce ‘ can '\I explain goin' through a window like a gentl - man?“ ' - rWith folded arms, Blackton in- spected him thoughtfully for a mom-. . ent. “You can’t,” »he said. , .“But ’I don’t thing you went‘through a win- dow. I believe you fell over 'a cliff and were caught in '.an armful of wait—a-bit bushes. They’re'devilish those waits—bits!” They shook hands. “I’m ready to blow up with curi- osity again,” said Blackton. “But I’ll play your game, Aldous.” A few minutes later Joanne and Peggy’Blackton joined them. He saw again the quick flush of pleasure in Joanne’s lovely face when she enter- ed the room. when 'she saw the livid cuts'in his skin. She came to him quickly, and gave him her hand. Her lips trem- bled, but she did not speak. Black- ton accepted this asthe psychologi— cal moment. , “What do you think of a man who ‘ will wander off a trail, tumble over a ledge, and get mixed up in- a bunch of wait—a-bit like that? ” he de-. manded, laughing as though he thought it a mighty good joke on Aldous.' “Wait-a—bit thorns are worse than razors, Miss Gray,” he elucidated further. “They’re per- fectly devilish, you know!” “Indeed they are.” emph'aVsized Peggy Blackton, whom her husband had given a quick look and a quicker » nudge. “They’re dreadful!” Looking straight into Joanne’s eyes, Aldous guessed that she did not believe, and scarcely heard,‘ the Blacktons. “I had a presentment something. was going to happen,” she said, smil— ing. at him. “I’m glad it was no worse than that.” ' She withdrew her hand, and turn- ed to Peggy Blackton. To John’s delightgshe had arranged her wond— ‘ erful shining hair in a braid that rippled in a thick, sinuous rope of brown and gold below her hips. Peggy Blacton had in some way found a riding outfit for her slender figure, a typical mountain outfit, with short divided skirt, loose blouse, and leggings. She had never looked more beautiful to him. Her night’s rest had restored the color to her soft cheeks and curved lips; and in her eyes when she looked at him again, there was a strange, glowing light that thrilled him. During the next half-hour he almost forgot his telltale disfigurements. At breakfast Paul and Peggy Blackton were beautifully oblivious of them. .Once or twice he saw in Joanne’s clear eyes a look which made him suspect that she had guessed very near to the truth. MacDonald was prompt to the minute. Gray day, with its bars of golden tint, was just creeping over the shoulders of the eastern mount- ains when he rode up to the Black- tons’. The old hunter was standing close to the horse which Joanne was to ride when Aldous brought her out. Joanne gave him her hand, and for a moment MacDonald bow- ed his shaggy head over it. Five minutes later they were trailing up the rough wagon—road, MacDonald in the lead, and Joanne and Aldous behind, with the single pack—horse between. . For several miles this wagon—trail reached back through the thick timber that filled the bottom be- tween the two ranges of mountains. They had travelled but a short‘ dis- tance when Joanne drew her horse close in beside Aldous. " . “I want to ,know what happened last night,” she said’.‘ “Will you tell me?” ». ’ Aldous met her eyes frankly. He had ,made .up. ~his~mind5that she would believe only the truth, and he had decide-d to tell her at'least a part/ of that... He. would, lay his whole misadventure to the gold.. Leaning over the poinzmel ofhis sad- (118 ‘he recounted the occuregices‘ of the night her re. beginning “With ‘ 38.8: 93‘ Q. 5 ‘54 7 . Aldous, wit 1, a suggestive; Shrug or his shouts. 'ers. ~.;'_,‘B‘}ackton, I~~-want. you .to’do" ', me another.’ good turn. Tell the“ It changed instantlyr / / I In“ J l ill/01x ’ ii ' P or,— ‘ Don’t send one cent. Merely give name and number of each article you want. Pay nothing till goods arriveT—then only the amazing bar- If you are not delighted with your bargain, return the goods and your ORDER NOW! Exquisiter ‘ Embroidered Gabardine Dress $233 This delightful mod‘ el 18 sure to 'be one of the favorites of the season. I It is of beautiful ootton_ gabor- dine in navy blue or brown. smart sleeves a Ifashionable . are richly embroid< ered. The 'self ma.- terial belt ties grace- fully at back. Sizes 16 to 4. 0 panels rder Navy by No. 96E- 5525. Order Brown by No. 96E5528. Send no money. Pay $2.98 and post- age on arrival. Women’s Felt - Moccasins Fine grade wool felt with com! bination insert of fawn. Order Sizes 3 to 8. age on ar- rival. Men’s All Rubber Arctics $29 State Size 11 a. r a n t e e d beebtb quality all seems re- inforced. value. Send "ui'clf. O'l'liel‘ by NO- greAglgg/hl-Send no money. [gay $2.48 and postage W dhnglNg’ AND BOYS’ STORM BOOTS _on e u i-Cut Sto Boots f - héde leather, debsoluteIl-Iii1 barmaid sgigoifoviiiuiiiiie counters ; dirt-ex- Cludmlz be 1 l o w s tongues. . Sizes. to 2. Wd Order 9 In. Men’s b No. 16 . Send no money. Pay $ - an postage on arrival. State sze. 0 9" bow sizes. 1": s: 2.38. ./" by "9' rder little be 3' all“! 9 l0 by No. Price $1 no in f 16-in. cowhide bl-cut fimeynig W'de widths. Order b i V {y find. no money. Pay $4.88 and post- bl NE”. 7 7* E \ ~ -~ g a 31'. ' ' v I gall/i7 -——-='$ ”’ I==>> ' // Qfii and address plainly toaveld delay. gain price and postage. ‘ money will be cheerfully refunded. Just letter or postcard brings you any of these smashed rice bargains. Also state size and wr to your name Women’s Stitch- Down Oxfords $122} SEND NO MONEY Classy stitchdown Oxford for women. Wonderfully coin- fortaliie and stylish. Uppors of dark ma- hogany lo a t h e _r. Smooth leather in- soles. Flexible Low rubber heels. Sizes Order by No. 96A288. $1.98 and postage on Give Size etitehdown 0% to oak outsoles. 8. W'ide widths. money. Pay orfly Send no arrival. Order similar style patent leather by No. 96A- 264. Pay $2.98 and postage on arrival. Women’s Black Patent Gun Metal or Brown - Calf Finish Leather slag CHOICE OF THREE LEATHERS Made with imitation shield tip and medallion perforated vamp, perforated lace stay and Circular foxing. Hus medium rubber heel and medium )inted toe. Sizes 2%; to 8. wide widths. Order atent by No. 96A64. Order Gunmetal by No. 96A69. Order Brown by No. 96A10 Send no money. Pay $1.98 and postage on arrival. GUARANTEED For six months’ wear U. 5. Army Work Shoe $22§ State Size‘ Send no money. Men! Don't lose a moment in ordering this won- derful brown work shoe, It is made 0 leather as near waterproof as can made—solid leather through and thmugh with. full grain leather up< pers guaranteed to wear SIX months. Easin worth $5.00. Two full, heavy double soles, sewed and nailed for greater strength. Extra wide, full leath- er counter, .riveted to prevent ripping. Sizes 7 to 11, Wide the. Order by No. 9611699. Send no money. Pay $2.98 and postage on arrival. Boy’s Guaranteed Shoes Six mouths' .mntee. Two full agreen chrome leather soles. olid leather heels. M e on Munsey type arm _ last. Bamglard acid‘pmof. Solid leather .nsoles. med .1 to 3“. Wide widths. State size wanted. Sendv no money. Order by No. 96A550. Pay $2.69 and postage on arrival. " Rich Black Sateen Aprons $122 The material is an excellent soft, lustrous black sateen With col- lar, enll's' and pm-keis of good grade funny cretoiine. Pockets am novelty .basket de- sign With appllqno flower bl'llllnl‘lng. The same effeCi; is carried out on one side of the waist. A full cut, com- fortable garment which IS JilSl’ the thing for morning wear at home. Designed. with wide self-innterial sash belt all around Big value. Order by No. 96E- 5098. Send no money. Pay $1.79. and post- age on arrival. Money back If not satisfied. Women’s Genuine Kid Hi-Cut Boot Send for this hand- some rich kidskin shoe. Note the inedi— um. toes with pretty mutation perfointed tips, the perforation around vamp and on co stays. Very pop— ular model and real- 13 a. sensational bargain. now. liur- ab 0 , exi lo soles Sizes 2% to ' 8. widths. Order by No. 96A122. Pay $2.29 and postage on arrival. Patent Leather or Brown Caif Fir- isbed Oxfords Give size. This smart pumg in sizes 2% to 8. In black patent leather or rmvn gulf finish—a. stunning one- strap model With imitation shield tin and niean- efloeiively perforated. Has medium rubber _ , Order patent leather by No. 96A12. Order brown calf finish by No. 96A73. Send no money. Pay $1.98 and postage on arrival. Men’s Boots Men’s pure gum hip boots; friction lined; vv ( orrugated sole and heel 7 _ ' ~; to 14. W_Vide Widths. No half BIZ 0329—8 Order b} N . A948. yseng state Size “Stylish Stout” ‘ Gabardine Dress 50' $ \Voinen of large figure will see in this new model their ideal dress This is a. special design. planned to give long, slender- / ing line to shout I}. figures. N o t e [E how the collar, rovers and pan- els carry out the long: effect. Note. too, the _. attractive em- .j broidei'y o ni sleeves. vesteeii f and panels. The a set - material 2“: to 53. In three popular shades. Order Navy by No. 96E5470. Order Black by No. 96- E5471. 0 r d e r Brown by No. 96- E5472. Send no money. Pay $3.98 and postage} for any color on arriv- al. State size. One-Buckle Arctic. or the Family , GIVE SIZE Ilenvy e’islimorette snow-poof o ' _ .. , I p. Genuine gum rubber bottoms; heavy Single soleS' ace 112131; sizes for all the family. ’ fun fle " / rder Mlsses’ size, to 2 b Price 99c. Order seize: 2?}: ":3. filed? ‘ $335969. Price $ Order Youth’s size, 9 td /2, by No rice $1.19. Order Bo 8 ’ ' 96A961. Prlce 1.2 . ' MenBs sue, 6 to 12, by No. 96A966? Prize stile? Pay arga n‘ Price and tage on arrival. State slze. Brand new Standard Tires GUARANTEED 7 6,000 Miles Fresh stock of heavy, non-skid tires of live rubber... Generously oversize. 6,000 guaranteed, but often‘ give 8,000 to 10,000 miles. Choice of non_-ek1d or rilitread in 30x3 Size. Others are non—skid. PI! only bargain price listed below and postage on or- i rival, add 390 for Rostage on cash orders. ARG IN PRICE LIST 96D4041—30x3 ‘ 0. 9604041—1IOX3V2 No. 9604042—,—.i2 No. 9604043—«l1 No. 96D4 44 i '. No 9604045— I . hi0. 96D404S x4 ... . . . . . . 3‘000 mile Garantee ‘ V SHAROO S JUNIOR CORD, 30x Same sturdy coiistruction_ as regular eord but not ovorsized. 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' I pegs-[4.12;er .. _ ,. 1,..i.,,‘....9.5 ‘ ‘1; .011 mill-'v Qil‘A-sxt‘ ‘ El ‘ l M; ,9... & NOW SOLD DIRECT From FAGTORV in FARM Neiserless direct-from-factory selling plan cuts prices on highest quality Fonca, Gates, Steel Posts, Baerlra,Palnta and Roofing; Prices be in at 17¢: per rodl Think of it! eerless on ity, famous for 25 years, luaranteas your udd‘cnéllr: 104-wa book of Peerless Factory-to—you bargains in now ready. Don’t buy until you com— ‘ are Peerless pricesnnd quality with others. See w at l’e‘er- fiiss quality maansl Note the enormous in'PR‘I'Cls. L 58 "IR! ‘ FE Cl. CO. 00 t, ava an . . :a‘c‘tokrlfa at Glands-d. (Yb-o: hurl-nib»... Momphlsfl'ann. (18) i*-’[!.‘o‘=’-— nwwflfi..f “a. gay} trader" A ._._.. Hint-RUN.) } AGOOD LIVE HUSTLER WITH CAR can ' easily make 3200 to $300 per month sell- .ln‘ Heberling's medicines. pure flavoring extracts. spices. toilet articles, stock powder. dip, etcw direct to consumer'- In your county. Every home a real proo- gcct for our attractive lineot household necessrties. . tesdy repeats. ge profits. No experience or cap- Iial required. e teach you and furnish you stock of goods on credit. Youwsy as you get paid. Exclusive protected territory. rite today for free particulars. { Harcourt: MEDICINE nope. G & EXTRACT C0. BLOOHING’I‘ON, ILL. , -— Good — $9 Magazines Woman’s World, (Monthly) Price Good Stories, «carpi America) Woman, The Household, (Monthly) The Fstoiirnsl, (M ., AM" Bill ' doe-We ~ . . Session so 1.; at up ‘Whltlock as Summerhan' “KITSEUIAN FENCE, on n .. k f ’ MM." saer Wm. , ‘ ,too,‘ca‘n save. , up to ~ ‘ 1mm .. “Section 2, Iii-Eh WEEDS AND BRUSH ALONG / HIGHWAY ' I own a farm in Saginaw Town- ship and my land runs up to the township line between Kotchvllle and Saginaw townships. There is brush along the road that has been there for years and the Kotchville road commissioner has ordered me to cut all the brush from my fence to the center of the road. It is Kotch- ville’s end of the road to keep up. I just took possession of the farm last March and it doesn’t seem fair to make one man out it with several of the neighbors just as bad as mine if not worse. Will you please let me know if I must cut all the brush without any pay or print the law about cutting brush along the high- way. think the service and market pages are worth the price of the paper alone—H. C. H., Saginaw, Mich. of Chapter 24 of the General Highway Law imposes the duty of cutting all brush and weeds within the limits of the highway up- on the Overseer and Commissioner of Highways of the various town- ships. Section 10 of the same chapter imposes the duty on the Prosecuting attorney of the county to prosecute all violations of the provisions of the above section of the statute—State Highway Department. FORECLOSING , We purchased afarm Nov. 8, 1919, and it called for $200 and interest a year. We have only paid the inter- est in the last two falls. We are let- ting tlrem foreclose and last year we didn’t pay the taxes either nor this year. Now what I want to know is this: Can we hold possession? That is put in crops and take them off, and not live there. I know they can’t put us off for 15 months after default of payment of interest. We bought on a mortgage. But we want to know if we can hold possession and not live a there and can they make us pay last year’s taxes?—L. W. H., Vassar, Mich. ~—The mortgagor has the right of possession whether he lives on the property or not until the expiration of the equity of redemption, which is one year from date of sale. He does not need to live on the premises to make one who interferes with his possession a trespasser. He might think today that he would quit but change his mind before the time is up and arrange to keep the place. He may suddenly find the land to be val- uable. If the taxes were assessed to the mortgagor, personally, and he has any personal property from which the tOWn treasurer could col- lect the tax he must lose or make himself personally liable to the mort- gagee who might have to pay the tax if the property was returned on the land—Legal Editor. , CONDEMN RELIGION IN SCHOOL 15 it lawful for a district school teacher to condemn or molest, in any way a faith, or religion or any part thereof during school hours?— A Reader, Durand, Michigan. HA district school teacher does not have the right to condemn or molest in any way any religion or any re— ligious faith during school hours.— G. N. Otwcll, Department of Public Instruction. > KU ,KLUX KLAN ‘ Will you kindly inform me thru your valuable paper what the Ku Klux Klan is? What their laws, if any, are, gwhat their society stands for? This will be‘veryémuch ap- preciated. Are there any Klansmen in ‘Michigan?~—-—Mw. ’A. 8., Curtis- " ville, Michigan. ——The Ku Klux Klan, a secret or- ganization, was founded at FoluSki, Tennessee in 18'66._ It wasformed originally for purposes of amuwment only but soon after developed into an association of “regulators,” and became notoriousqfor deodorMWiOI- once. "The proceedings of i 7‘ vs aim:- was in»: the Sour,“ 1 yam»- ; (A bloat-Ins Department for farmers' ovary dasitr'oubm. Prompt. careful motion all complaints or mom for Information addro nod to this We no 7 you. All Inquiries must be accompanied by full n am. and address. lama not use! If so ‘mrinciples was made. I like the M. B. F., very much and]. ‘ the Ku' ,5 .... n: ma.) / struggle to withold from the eman- cipated slayes the right of voting. At a convention held in 1867 in Nashville, a positive declaration of It was in the following terms, in effect: » ,“We recognize our relations to the; United States Government; the sup- remacy of the Constitution; the union of the states thereunder.” They defined the objects of the order as follows: ’ 1. To protect the weak, theinno— ‘ cent and the defenseless” from the indignities, wrongs and outrages of the lawless; to succor the suffering and especially the widows and orph- ans of the Confederate soldiers. To protect and defend the constitution of the United States and all IaWs passed in conformity thereto, and to protect the States and people form invasion from any source whatsoever. To aid and assist in the execution of all constitutional laws. The Klan was disbanded in 1869 but has since been re—Organized, and is claimed to have. members in every state in the Union, from Maine to California. LET LOCAL PERSON JUDGE. What division is customary when one rents a farm, and furnishes everything, that is, seed, tools and horses. The renter thinks he would be a. fool to husk my share of the corn.——E. M. L., Mt. Pleasant, Mich. ——If there was nothing said in the' lease about what work was to be done I would be of the opinion that the taking of land on shares pr per- centage contemplates that the renter should do all the work usual in farm- ing and deliver the proceeds in pro- per shape. The amount given the renter under; the circumstances re— lated by would depend upon the 10- cality in which the property is situ- ated. Some land might be Worth $500 per acre and other only $50 and it would hardly be fair ‘to class the high priced land with that of less value. It would be fairer to take the opinion of those acquainted with the premises in the locality:— Legal Editor. DUTIES OF COUNTY SCHOOL COMMISSIONER What are the duties of a County SchoOl Commissioner, and are there any State, County or District School inspectors?——J. S., Toivola, Mich. .The county school commissioner is the chief eduational officer in the county. The following are some of his legal duties: « (a) To conduct all teachers ex— aminations and 8th grade examina- tions. .\ - (b) To visit each school inhis county at least once a year, (c) To inspect, and, require cor— rection if necessary or the annual reports of the several school boards. ((1) To advise with boards of ed— ucation concerning buildings, equip- ment, sanitation, etc. (9) To advise with teachers con- cerning methods of inStruction, con— trol, community ativities, etc. 7(f) To cooperate with village and state superintendent of schools concerning the conduct and develop- ment of grade schools. (g) To act as assistant conduct- or of all teachers’ institutes held in the county. .(h) To do all things possible that will improve educational con- ditions and methods within his county, and to co-operat‘e with all forces directly or‘indirectly related to education. ~' , There are no state or county school inspectors in Michigan. That term is not used in Michigan lam—W. H. French, Director Vocational train- ing, M. A. C. ~ ‘ _ MUST PAY ASSESSMENT I wish to know ‘if a land owner who does not sign a petitionpfor a trunk line road which is to be built where his farm is situated, can be compelled “to pay the special tax that will be levied against his land. Any informatioa'you can civil. union 9;; this will/"be. ; on-” _ static-A- Huberoaswenfigifn " v 1__.. -j;'—-«--~--»~-_-—-—-- homo with light—saw 3’“:in - Assistedle offer sMCandi hunting: . ,h' on m§n ma rtoreh. mm to” ' ggk:3%6Qllalhi “WES “twain-Motor. - . or Electric! gluten lighteni- ' 'Ie_‘ . fa- a—you can absolutely um .39 it n‘fsido down. Got ,0! . ~- dru at,“ ' ’ r— last a NRA -fi your M roar-eyes. \ H L- . 15 Days Trial ' _ Absolute satisfaction arantaed. I! ' . ' you don't like it. Ian it back. Our money—back guarantee protects you— no tape. 0 d f r. - Write Today $51.2“: 8.. v troductor! offer on EE Lsn- , tern and agency proposition, also a asset attics” ‘ an ma. 2 i Act New?" ‘ KN. Gar LIGHT co. I in. sap; Chicago. in. The Syracuse Grape and Berry Hoe is the best tool ever [designed for culture of. grapes and berries. Kills weeds and stirs up 3011 under vines and close to roots so that air and plant food are available. Easily 'ded in and out" around Boats and Vines. Blade revers- ible to t row soil to or from vines. Cul— tivator attachment extra. Sold by John Dies-ix dealers. E BOOK. Write tod “for booklet describing this imglean’iont. Address John Deere Mo no. 111., _ and an: roi- Booklet on 33. g | i J Wannmtimuzndmuan til-£13233 FISHER FOLKS < enjoy robustness and live 3 until ripe old age. They ~ ‘ know the value of cod-liver oil and its, importance as a factor of diet and health. unit’s Emulsion should be taken regularly I during a time of ‘ ' weakness as a means of helping to nourish the body and to build up the powers of resistance tonarmal. Scott & Bowne, Bloomfield. N. J . 22-49 0 iii Why to S agar _ (f iirdniiSmole . "1 "tin it ’ can... “ lmrmmc 7 3’34 . Leo ho .\ , ' __‘ m _ it as as. at blished hr tilts?” cddrtling togbeneflts received and 'a _ owner having property ‘ with the district would be "obliged to pay his assessment whether he had signed the petition or not. j _ Under the/assessment district plan ., N ,only 61 per cent of those having property abutting upon the highway are required. to sign the petition in order to give the Commissioner au— thority to proceed under the petition in- establishing an assessment dis~ trictr'and building the-road as de- scribed in the petition. In case the road is built under the trunk liner act and not under the assessment district plan then there would be no special assessment for any abutting property owners—H. H. Partlaw, LegalAdviser, State Highway Dept. ~ TAX EMPTION 0F SPANISH- AMIERICAN WAR VETERAN I understand that all ex~soldiers oi, the Spanish—American War are exempted born taxes and am in- formed that you can give me in» ‘ structions so I can obtain this ex- emption—0. W. 11., Detroit, Mich. —-—All real estate to the value of $1,000 used and owned by any soldier or sailor who served three months or more during the Span- ish-American War is exempt from icnch SEEDING FOB HAY I have five acres of land that I wish to seed for bay. The land is high, dry and is weak light sand. Please tell me what kind of grass seed is best fit for it? The reasons for seeding is because the land has been. cropped so long it needs to be built up. The seed} wish to plant is for to build up the ground and produce hay as well. I shall have five acres 1 wish to seed also, which is low and Wet. Hope you can sug- gest to me the proper kind of seed to sow. when and what to sow with it. ——R. 8., Star Route. -—If you desire a crop that may be made into hay this coming summer We believe you 'will find soybeans betteradopted to the light soil than any other crop. The Manchu. Ito San and Black Eyebrow are the lead- ing varieties for Michigan conditions. They should be sowu on well pre- pared seed bed at the rate of from thirty to thirty-five pounds of‘seed per acre, when sown in twenty-eight to thirty—two inch rows, and from ' eighty, to ninety pounds of seed per acre when drilled solid. Soybeans may be sown from May 15th to June 10th: Soybeans are more resistent to soil acidity than any other leguminous crop" adapted to'Michigan conditions. If a premanent amp is desired, it would be advisable to lime_the soil and either seed sweet clover or a mixture of Mammoth clover, June clover, orchard grass and Kentucky blue grass. 0n the low, wet land would recom- mend seeding a mixture of red top, timothy, alsike clover With a small amount of June clover.——C. R. Me— gee, Farm Crops Dept., M. A. C. SUDAN GRASS I would like some information re- " garding Sudan grass. Where can I get the seed? What is the price of it? How much per acreshould be sown? Would it do well on light gravelly soil? Can it be cut for hay?» Or is it for pasture? What time in the spring should it be sewn“! Is it, anything like quack grass, or“ can it be exterminated'like other grass? , Sudan grass may be used quite successfully for either hay or 'pas— ture. It is practically the» only crop... that cénbe sown the latter part of: May and produce pasture for horses and cattle the, same season as sown., A‘s»: hay'crop it has about the same leflinl amine as timbthy. The yield' "usu'siiyzrunalrom tWoto tour tons of)": 7 'acre; - . H H should be sown about ’ " ’ TL-of' May at the rate of recur-five pounds .91 .1?“ y. commune teammate 5 '1 i ' retary of Static. , spring. it h" only toythe amount of such mm;.~‘-Charies*.1: Behind. See. .a TANNING FUR BELTS Through the M. B. Fuplease ad- vise me how I can tan raw muskrat and weasel hides?——-—H. R., Bad Axe, ‘ Mich. ——-F‘leash the skin or skins carefully. Weasel pelts it properly skinned will need but little, if any fleshing. Soak : them two to six hours in the follow- ing liquor: Four'gallons of cold, soft water; one-half ounceborax; one—half pint salt; one ounce of sul— phuric acid. skins for the tanning liquor. Now take two gallons of cold, soft water, (rain water is good) one—fourth pound of pulverized oxalic acid, and one quart of salt. Put the skins in this and leave them until there are no dense spotsto be seen; It will take about 36 to 48 hours for musk— - rat and other fur pelts of the same thickness, ,but somewhat less. per- haps for weasel. When tanned, re— move the skins and wring them dry,’ then pull and work them while drying, so they dry soft. Do this work in the shade, remembering that the more they are worked while drying the softer the tanned pelts will be. In fact “elbow grease” is one of the essentials in sucessful tanning. . N C R 0 PS pounds of Sudan grass seed. It does ’not have an under-ground root sys- tem like quack grass and, will not live over the first winter. The price of Sudan grass seed is quite low, ranging from $6 to $7 per hundred pounds. Seed may be se— cured trom the Farm Bureau Seed Department. 221 N. Cedar St., Lan- sing, Mich, the S. M. lsabell Com- pany of Jackson, Mich, or quite frequently from local seed dealers-— (,1. R. Megee, Associate in Farm Crops, M. A. C. - RENEVVING STAND OF ALFALEA I sowed Alfalfa ,with oats last There is only-about a half stand of alfalfa. I wish to leave it and want to know how I can sow more alfalfa seed to secure a good stand this spring. When .should it be sowed?~—~N. S. A., Fairgrove, Mich. »_ ——It is only occasionaly that ‘old ‘ stands oralfalfa are successfully thickened‘by seeding new seed on the old stand. Many more failures occur than successes. Much depends upon‘the cause of the old stand thin- nine,r out. It it was due to the orig— inal seed not being winter hardy, then some good might be accom— plished by‘seeding six pounds of either Grimm 9r northern grown common during the early spring. The old .plants however, will shade and rob the young~ --'.;es of moisture so that the new seeding will not have the same chance as when seeded by ‘ itself. If the lack of lime is the cause of thinning then it would be more economical to turn under the old stand, lime and reseed. The lack of drainage and inoculation also cause failures. In seeding alfalfa a firm. well prepared seed bed is also of great importance.——-C. R. Megee, ' Farm Craps Dept., M. A. C.’ non Aom PHOSPHATE TO; MANURE TESTS which have been running the Ohio Experiment Station for ' . 20 years show that substantial profits follow the reinforcement of stable manure with acid phosphate before"application to the field. Ac- cording to Director ‘6. G. Williams, 320 pounds of acid phosphate added to eight tons of manure, and applied to corn in a cornewheat-clover rota- ;tion hasproduced increases, over the yield from manure alone, at the'rate '61 $109 per ton of acid phosphate. While all. land cannot reasonably be eitpeasd ‘to yield the same rate of return, there is nonnestmn accord- ing to Director Williams, but that the practice is a very profitable one. He suggests scattering-ta pound‘and hall” comma! ’ ' v ' ., fie ~ lu‘e ihe’ésum‘. ‘of‘$1,000, This will prepare the t \ use from wearing apparel of I Mommy“ [ Ward 3; Co. “’7 lathe a.“ 9,. v The Oldest Mail Order House isToday theMost Progressive This Catalogue offers a Saving on everything you need for the Home, the Farm and the Family Think of having in your own Home a book as complete as a big Department Store with illustrations and prices of everything you need to buy. Think of the satisfaction, the convenience, and the sav- ing of looking through this book and finding the lowest price~ the right price to pay for whatever you buy. There is a real pleasure and a Saving in this book for every member of your family. And this new complete Spring Catalogue, 566 Pages, may just as wellbe yours. One copy is Yours—if you simply fill in and return the coupon below. Ward Quality and Right Prices Everything this book shows is of- Wafd Quality. Mont- gomery Ward 85 Co. is a house of low prices. We aim to ofi'er a saving on everything you buy. But we never sacrifice quality to make a low price. Ward Quality means full value, long service merchan- dise, the kind that stands ex- amination and use. For The Home : Every- thing the woman needs to beautify her home, every practical article of daily use, furniture, carpets, kitchen cabinets ~- everything — and always the prices offer you a Saving. For The Woman: Everything for your personal everykind to sewing machines. For The Man: Clothing, shoes, underwear, automobile tires, tools—everything a man my K311"! City» St. Paul. Fort Worth. Portland. Ore. (Mail thh coup pon to thehouac mm) may CHE-co fight! ' For!!!“ Man. a - n . To There is a big savmg here for MONTGOMERY you on all your personal needs. WARD a. co. I Begin—".11 needsforhhnselforforthe farm. Please mail me my face cm off , Send the now. Learn the ' V‘mt'm"? Wm" Mb.“ 7 pleasure, the Saving this Montgom- 59”“ Cmm ‘ cry Ward Catalogue will bring into, . E yomhoxnc, I ' Nama.....,...... . . . . . . . . . . nun"..th --.ooo‘oei-oecascone-Iconooo-Je’to h must promise 5‘3 _' I want to secure his aid in presenting my documents to President Wilson.”' E. , motherly person, Jmeet Henry Ford. ‘ rmirer of the Ford industrial system I 3 '5. mer reached V etroit .she‘ - earned ,thatg riss Shelley had . ‘xhlausted their funds. She‘immedir ely sold her jewelry to meet the incurred and took a A room on the top floor f ‘the Tuller Hotel. The writer , told by a woman who knew er that Madame Schwimmer was not the charming dazzling creat- _ that report had made her. She is'described as a woman of cul- ture and education, sincerely eager She was fairly good with dark hair and with no great amount of personal magnetism. Like every newcomer in Detroit Madame Schwimmer was anxious to She was an ad- and desired moreover to show the motor king letters and documents from Earl Grey, the King of Sweden, von Bethman—Hollweg and others. These documents she carried with her . always, enclosing them in a flat green leather bag se‘cfired to her wrist. It has been said that these papers ’ were forged, but the charge has never been proved. She appealed to Mr. Pipp to secure for her an interview with Mr. Ford. “I think I can ar- range for you to meet him,” Mr. Pipp told her, “but I shall make the ap- pointment on one condition: You not to ask him for financial aid or try, directly or in— ‘ directly, to secure money from him.” Madame Schwimmer’s s n a p p y black eyes looked straight into Mr. Pipp’s steady blue eyes as she an— swered: “I give you my word of honor that I shall not ask Mr. Ford for money for any project whatever. .4 Mr. Pipp then arranged the meeting. 7 ,3... ... the Highland Park plant. - ingly by Mr. Lucking. a‘ 3; w .3 I. g . '_ Henry Ford. the years of the Civil War and had‘ 'At his suggestion Alfred Lucking, 7' Mr. Ford’s senior counsel and a for- mer member of Congress, was pres- ent when Madame Schwimmer met the motor king in his great office at She pre- sented her credentials and other doc- uments and was questioned search- No witness in court ever underwent a more ‘ gruelling cross—examination than did this Austrian woman that morning. ' =l< * * * In this connection it must be re- membered that there was no stronger advocate of peace in the country than He had been born in spent his childhood in the shadow of the‘ old arsenal at Dearborn. His boyhood had been filled with stories years afterward, when driving away from this plant witha friend, he re— marked: “There is the factory into which I have put my life. I have " given it the best that is in me, but ‘I would rather tear it down, brick by brick with my own hands than have it used for making munitions of war.” The writer can state on the best authority that Mr. Ford did not agree to go to Washington with the peace committee. He was in Wash- ‘I‘ The Inside Story of ass Morgan and . ' ‘ . ,. . \, , 'I am all right. of the horrors of war, and one day, ‘ ington shortly after his meeting with Madame Schwimmer, and it was there that he was persuaded «to go abroad with the peace delegates. It was at this time that the Peace Ship was suggested to him. Shortly after ward he telephoned Mrs. Ford at their home: f‘We are going to Europe,” he told her. "‘Going where?” asked his aston- ished wife. “You and I—We’re going to Eu- rope. And we are going to take some people with us.” “Indeed we are not," was Mrs. Ford’s emphatic reply. “Don’t let anyone talk you into any such no- tions.” It may be suspected that the motor king was unwilling to risk further discussion with his wife, for next day he called up Mr. Pipp from New York. “There is a rumor here that I am dead,” he told the newspaper- man. “I don’t want Mrs. Ford to worry. Will you telephone her that You can get her quicker from your office than I can from here. Tell her my cold is bet- ter and that I‘ll be home soon.” “What about the interview with President Wilson?” Mr. Pipp asked. “There is nothing that he can do.” came the answer in weary tones. “I’ll tell you about it when I return. By the way, do you mind if I bring Miller back with me? I do not like to make the trip alone.” Miller was the Washington correspondent of the News, and Mr. Ford was particularly fond of him. The next thing Mr. Pipp and Mrs. Ford heard was that the neWspaper announcement that Mr. Ford had agreed to finance a peace expedition to Europe; that a considerable party of peace enthusiasts would accom— pany him, and that he had chartered a ship for the voyage. ' Mr. Ford returned to Detroit fired with the zeal of a crusader. To every advisor who urged him to abandon the project he replied: “In Washington they have experts study- ing every hill, valley, river and road in Europe. They have men studying every phase of war, but no one study- ing the possibilities of peace. If America is dragged into the war there will be a terrible loss of life among our young men. Thousands will be slaughtered like cattle and other thousands will die from ex- posure and diseaSe. The reconstruc— tion period through which we shall have to pass will be terrible. If I can be of any service Whatever in helping end this war and keeping America out of it I shall do it if it costs me every dollar and every friend I have.” The Peace Ship sailed on Decem- ber 4, 1915. It was necessary to take in gold the money needed to de- fray all expenses. Mr. Ford’s farm manager, Ray Dalinger, who had served him since the 'days .of the Piquette street plant, had charge of guarding and handling the great bags of coin that were carried in the ship’s hold. Hardly was the Statue enry‘ the Peace Ship Told for. the F irstl Time .' (Copyright by Reilly & Lee 00.) of Liberty out of sight before the peace delegates began to be less peaceful among themselves. In a short time the.'disagreements and friction became more marked. Madame Schwimmer herself became unpopular. She was temperamental and wrapped herself in a mantel of reserve. It has since been said that perhaps Madame Schwimmer was “a conspirator seeking to focus the at- tention of the world on peace at a time when her country and its allies held the whip hand.” If this be true, she was sadly lack- ing funds for the undertaking. Her interviews were in full glare of the searching light that beats upon pub- licity. If she was an arch-spy, what could she accomplish by announcing her presence in a neutral country where the secret service is swift, active and effective? What could she gain by approaching a man whose father was an Englishman; whose wife was the daughter of an English mother, both of whom keep in close touch with England? If she were an adventuress, she was bound to know that it is utterly impossible to reach a man of Henry Ford’s prominence without being carefully scrutinized and investigated. If she were sin— cere in her, motives, she has been terribly maligned and her disap- pointment in the failure of the ex- pedition must have been overwhelm- ing. Henry Ford was ill when the party reached Christiana. __ A cold had be- come worse and he was in no con- dition to go farther with his already hopeless task. He remained aboard long enough, however, to gather first—hand information of the Eu- ropean situation, especially astund- ing information regarding Russia. He learned, too that Germany had no intention of ending the war with-. out a victory that would subjugate the entire English speaking world. He found that what the Allies needed was a submarine detector. Mr. Ford returned home on New Year’s Day, 1916. The experience had aged him. It had opened his eyes to many things he would rather not have known and which he prob- ably never would heve believed had he not made the voyage in the Peace Ship. That the war would continue he was convinced. The struggle would be a terrific one and the day was rapidly approaching wheh Amer- ica would be drawn into it. Ger- many knew this country was unpre- pared and believed that we could not whip an \army into shape in time to count in the conflict. Forthwith Mr. Ford began to do some planning of his own. He or- dered his yacht overhauled and made ready for instant service if the gov- ernment should need it. His River Rouge plant, as has been said, is located at the point where the stream from which it takes its name flows into the Detroit river. The plant was rapidly equipped for the" making of eagle boats and submarine chasers. The situation is an ideal one for a. naval station, and it was used for this =spur p thnoughout war after the entry of‘ the United States. Finally, M r . Ford issued .ord- ers that work be rushed on his three million dollar hospitah With all these preparations he never discussed with any one what he had learned abroad or the work he now had to do. If he'read the ,' Bushnell bitter‘criticisms he gave them no, heed. People close to him realized, however, that the current of his life had changd. He was busy day and night now; the twinkle came to his eyes but seldom, and the iron gray of his hair whitened. , A year later America entered the war and Henry Ford was summoned to Washington. “How quickly can you supply us with cars and munitions?” he was asked by ‘a congressional committee. “I must have a little time,” he ' parried. “Exactly how long will it be before you can make your first delivery of the“, M cars, trucks, caissons and the like?” ; came the insistent question. Henry Ford looked at his watch; it was 11:30. “By 3 o’clock tomor- row afternoon my first delivery will rbe complete,” he replied. “I can telegraph to the plant and start work immediately. They should receive the order in five minutes.” The Congressmen laughed. They did not know that he had spent many sleepless nights planning every de- tail of the work that he knew he would be called upon to do. They did not know that he had been wait- .ing the day when he must place all the resources of his great industry at the service of the government. The great factory—the largest motor plant in the world and theonly one that hitherto had refused war orders —’-was equipped to the last detail so that at the signal from its owner every department could take up .the ' work for war. That is why the Ford plant played the wonderful part it did in supply- ing the necessities of war. That is why it was able to turn out finished materials for the armies faster than the ships could carry them across the Atlantic. What Henry Ford had learned on his unsuccessful peace voyage had caused him to prepare for the day that now had arrived.'_ He knew that every day the struggle was prolonged more brave young soldiers would fall and he employed- all his vast resources to hasten the Coming of peace by a speedy victory.‘ Henry Ford gave all his war pro— fits—twenty-nine millions—to the government, with no hampering con- ditions. This vast amount was turn- ed back to the Treasury to be used as the government saw fit. This was .the act of a pacifist. If all‘the war advocates had done the same the country’s war debt would not be 'so- staggering to-day and there would have been less talk of war profiteers. CHAPTER VII. The Ford-Newborry Senatorial Campaign If the Peace Ship injured the prestige of Henry Ford the effect was not apparent in his native state in 1916, for in that year the dele- , svo views of the'Fordplant at Highland Park. showing the maze of belting and machinery which make it no These mmehlnes,,:are kept busy by three shifts of man whom] '11: twenty-four hours every day. . day. G5!!! the thousands of h‘umans who toil here from becoming‘maohines themselves. I Visiting America ask to be ~shuwn only two wofldflumfiui iii-ht \. I _ ‘0“ a“ x f, ‘ a. "(Niagara Falls and the Ford factory." This now is sue-«storme toldpwua magnum-box; " ‘ .. . , . j ‘_ N r’” j ~ ‘ “"3” t0 tVul‘lll'out four thousandcomblote amoral) ‘ Even with Mr. Fords earnest,endeavor,:gg is M ‘ Thousands of visitors are conducted through r ., . I. only 9!! . .- 9"” w-W‘ c' ,_\ ' Ford’s 'Detroit that I could ~as the Democratic candidate, “~7Ford had none of the characteristics , of a. statesman, or evenrv'politician; and does not yearn for Mlic office, but he has more men working for him than there are people'living in Nevada and Wyoming; he has been marvelously successful ‘in his con- duct .of immense business underaks ings, and it would seem that must be capable «of filling a place in the Senate of the United States— not as, a statesman or politician, not as a hard-Working, successful man who alwayshas had the interests of many people at heart. In Michigan, where he is best 'known and most esteemed, many «\ citizens were eager for him to be their senator, as William Alden Smith had announced that" he would not be a candidate to succeed him— self. Mr. Ford was urged to make the race on the Republican ticket and although the nomination would have been equivalent to election he _refused, partly because .he did not and partly because he did not want to take the time away from his business. Then the Democrats appealed to him to be- come their standard bearer. “Mich- igan,” they told him, “is overwhelm— ingly Republican. You/are the only man who can make the race as a Democrat with any hope of sucess. At this critical period the President needs the sup-port in Washington of every friend he has.” About this time the President sent for Mr. Ford to come to washington for a conference. They discussed the submarine detector on which Mr. Ford himself had been working. From that the conversation turned to the coming senatorial campaign. Partisanship did not enter into the conversation, but the President said that he needed Mr. Ford in the Sen- ate and gave as his reason t he “was fair-minded and had I ' prejudices,’ ’and he adde : knows as I do the wo ’ and your son are doin ' the war. No one' want the office rifice that you are But I hope you will 3 personal feelings, m-a tional sacrifice and be a a Mr. Ford was touched a peal, but his reply was 0 istic of the man. “I canno Detroit,” he told the President. ea “'1 cannot take my eyes -‘off the plant.“ No inatter how many officials I may have, I must be there myself. If I am arOund my factory all day and every day; I am there very often at night. I’ve gotten out of bed many a time to drop in on the night shift and see how things were mov- ing. I’ve worked right along with the men on the submarine detector and we have just completed it. I ‘ cannot take time to make the race. Moreover, I have so much to do at not spend enough time in Washington if I were Senator. Besides, I can’t make speeches and I have not the patience to sit around and listen to folks who l'ike "to talk.” Mr. Wilson put his hand on Mr. shoulder. “The country needs you,” he said. swamped with waste; we are being hamperd by various combinations.- 1 nee-d your aid in this time of stress. I know your obligation and I realize that I am asking more than you feel you can give; but I need you—mead you more than you know.” - . 'And when Henry Ford returned to . Detroit the same argument was advanced from every side: “The President needs you. You are the only man in Michigan that can be elected on the Democratic ticket.” Meanwhile the Republican, alarm- ed by the general’ talk of Mr. Ford cast about for the strongest man they could find to oppose him. They selected f Cammander Truman. H. Newbeer prevailed upon him to enter the'primaries and he.was se-. lected. as the Republican nomin e.» ’Mr.‘ Newberry was a man ofgr at Wealth—-—several_ times ,,a m n- , sine—rand. was connected wi h .t ; «most influential; families ~on the itst was in the fish,- imx ‘.of Gm tisn,_ sent to: the Republican Na- onal.-v,.convention at Chicago" mg_-entered._the world ,war. President- ‘dnst'i'luct‘ed. to give h'i'm its-complig-fz ._~W.ilson ‘madefin him i ' rmenary “favorite ‘ son" vote. 7 Mr. he: "the entire state—both men . Wilson ' statement: “We are being 886*.P01nts; i - v ~19: he IT'WOPPD.:BE..‘§§3? TQFTRACEF’. ‘ . '1‘?" {mimimdfiihl’agé ’18-)”: “ '1 ’ , sitary 'i of the, NaVy. and when“ America" ‘ t a _ a ‘Lientenan't commandant the navy, the highest rank ever-«conferred upon a civilian. Later he became aide to Rear Ad- mira’l N. E. Usher, commandant of the third naval district, which in- cludes New York and Brooklyn. At that time no one had any idea of the bitternes and legal prosecutions that would follow the campaign; ‘no one had any idea that Command- er Newberry, one of Michigan’s lead- ing citizens, would be convicted and sentenced ‘by a Republican jury and judge for violation of the federal election law, and that many other party leaders would be involved with him. If either Mr. Ford or Commander Newberry had known what was in store it is more than likely that neither would have tak-' en part in the campaign, even if they had forseen that after the long and bittter fight Mr. Newberry would be cleared in the United State Supreme Court and the law under which he was prosecuted de- clared unconstitutional. Finally Mr. Ford agreed to run. Soon the battle was on. His ad- mirers took off their coats, rolled up their sleeves and went to work.. Party lines were swept aside and Detroit never has known such a campaign as that which followed. Soon the excitement swept over were known in every township and vii- lage and both were regarded as the strongest their respective parties could have selected. As time passed the campaign grew hotter and hot— ter. Straw votes were taken every- where and it was confidently pre- dicted that Henry Ford would be elected by an overwhelming ma— jority, although he had almost no newspaper support—Michigan hav- ing few Democratic papers. But the race was not over. Two developments were to upset the hopes of Mr. Ford’s followers. One was the letter written by President asking for a Democratic This did his candidacy ‘ uch harm. The other was the temnnt attributed to Charles ns Hughes, which appeared in newspapers on November 3, 8, just two days before the elec- The statement itself hurt Mr. ’s chances, and Mr. Ford’s sub- t action did his cause still, arm. It should be kept in t the Ford Motor company . ! ount of war work. Armis— were already being 9 necessity of guard- ' ’s war secrets was as congress. Sunday morning, troit Free Press - ' advertisement, other news- re given be— carried ‘ : which also - papers, part . low. The “ blished by the Republican ral Com— mittee, over the of John D. Mangum, chair in heavy type, at high, were the word “HENRY FORD AN-D Below this was the “Carl Emde, a German all gr ..;,, a German sympathizer, is b . Pm; the drafting work on the Lib motor at the Ford plant. He Ford knows he is a German alien an . a German sympathizer, but in ' fuses to take him off this Work. “This is not hearsay. It is ab— solute fact, vouched for by Charles Evans Hughes, whom President Wil- son ap-pointed to find out why the production of American aeroplanes has been so much delayed, when the American soldiers in France needs them‘ so much. President Wilson’s confidence in Mr. Hughes is empha- sized by the fact that Mr. Hughes is a former justice of the Supreme ‘Court. of the United States. His reputation and respect for the truth and for fairness in judgment have never been questioned, even by his bitterest adversaries.’ Concerning Emde’s job, Mr. Hughes says in his report to the President: “ ‘IT ISPOSSIBLE FOR ONE IN _ «AT. DEPARTMENT To, BRING ABOUT, DELAYS THE 2 CAUSES non WHICH, "IN VIEW OF, THE ‘MUIA‘IPMQI’PY or DRAWINGS,” ‘ It’s Cheaper this Year T costs less this year to remove stumps from your land—the new du Pont ex- plosive, Dumorite, will blast them out for much less than it used to cost. - Dumorite has approximately the same ‘ strength as 40% dynamite, stick for stick, with the slow, heaving action of “20%”——and you get % more sticks for each dollar. It is non-freezing and non-headache. Get it at your local dealer’s and clear more land at less cost. Write for free, 110-page “Farmers’ Hand? book of Explosives.” It giyes full information on the use of explosives for land clearing, ditching and tree-planting. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., Inc. Hartley Bldg; Duluth, Minn. McCormick Bldg., Chicago, Ill. , more per. dolla’ij ‘49 ——-or ,Will enter a NEW Subscriber’s name for ‘ TWO FULL YEARS ———-or will renew your subscription for ONE YEAR TWO YEARS FOR $1 if YOU act at once! 1 ' zgifiiEeiggAiilzie name of a NEW subscriber for and the coupon below will renew you ow’n sub- scription for TWO YEARS FROM DATE OF EXPIRATION. ‘. is the greatest offer we have ever made and we do not pro lise to keep it open over 30 days, so you must act at once if you wish to profit by this 50% saving! , (We unknown-(lac every rmnitmncc received with a receipt by first ("ass mail) BIN‘HIGAN BUSINESS FARMER, Mt. Citations, Michigan (1) For $1 enclosed you will enter or renew my subscription for 2 years: nay Nalne F. D. NO I . P. 0. State ......................................... ..; (If you are renewing kindly send address label from recent issue) (2) For $1 enclosed renew my own subscription as above 1 year and Li" A add the following new 4 . subscribers name paid—in-full. for 1 year':' i 1 New N ame INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE 12 (292) ((‘mttf‘r‘aw; l't‘mn .lan. "all; L, nwl x’lil‘ll‘t "titxl- / .‘llttt‘h'v ltnitth :nwt' l‘t“lt’lll‘tl llwl‘t‘tttl all" Iva t'nntl that Mia»; '»lttl"‘Ltll «"llll Mix: fin llw}; ll :{i wxhan iml ll'» 4; n“ ‘* V: t‘tmt 153- THE MICHIGAN BUSIIJESS .. :9; Truth Almut Henry The Inside Story of the Peace Ship Told for the First Time mm mm M; 1 ~. *1 T’” ‘17 T It A .L. iv}. »’ A‘ L\ @Ed (l‘ tt‘fll l'l l‘vy “till? A l,tt‘ Ills.) :n"it"; :‘htn‘tlv al‘lvi‘ hi:: nnt‘tins': ‘.\ilh (th liilwt‘tY «ml of sizzht ht‘l‘m‘t- thtt February 3, 1923 O ‘ this n 111‘ 1) 030 By Julia!) '1, tln‘ttna‘lmnt, tlw 0;.“ war :tt‘tm‘ lllt‘, Emanuel! “Htl‘y () 1. t h (x l'nitwtl tStattés‘. Finally, '3] 1‘ 01‘s; that work hp I‘llHllt‘tl on his thrw‘ million dollar lmspital. “(4-[\' NH tn; ; at :t_ l H. ‘~:,:“l'-1il“‘~t‘i‘\'th It hit-‘1 Sillt‘t' lW‘h Will llllllr hatl whanstl. ltn was: llllHV (lav and Shh i: elv Him, it ;: ~ "_It‘ti.‘lt‘ tlil h» 1. [H't'lttlltfl AlliHlétHlI‘ St'lHViI'HIIt'I' Wit‘w‘ “It, niu'ht ntm'; tht~ l\\'llll\'lt‘ Pillnt‘ to his llll‘v' It‘ttl (\tl'lrttilttll it“ t: l\ «:t w v 'rthrinzt ‘.'-'ht-:‘t-"" lt‘iht'tl hiw‘ aston- ('(tllt-lltll’lllttl' tuw‘liitt!’ tn l‘m'tlrt Iht‘ ttl- (\ylw‘ hat Bt‘ltlttlll, antl lllt‘, ii'nn gray in mm lltt:\ t" l‘ a»; ll mul l‘l.« (l \flt'w ttlntinn (tt' thw \\'ttl‘ltl un [H‘Ilt‘t‘ at, a ()fllifg llglh"\‘\'1]ilt‘]1t‘(lA lnnl‘i'tic, palm “ |tlt (lull ll'lll' 'tntl fillllll‘tti t‘,\'t“. t':‘v ‘w lltl~l ll 3 (I ltl‘llf mntlxwrly ltt'h (tn, \‘- itlt nu t'l‘v‘tt :llllftlllll ut‘ [H'I‘lelttl [lirtztttt ti HI Lilw n‘t‘l'_\' no \‘ t‘tllll!‘ in l)wt1'~ Why. It shw Wag an art'h—sm', what. (’(lllltl Sll“ art‘mnplish lty Jillllt)llllt'lll3§ hwi‘ 1)I‘P%;hin;:‘t0n. “llmv quivlily can you supply 115: with vars and munitions?" hv was aslwtl hy a (‘Hll‘Ll'l‘t‘SSlOIllll ('omniitttxtn “I must, hth a little tiinv," hu parrirwl. “lixavtly how long will it, he before you van in:th your first (lnlivni‘y nl‘ cars, ll‘llt‘lih‘. caissons and the like?" x'm: izwthnlltn llnllawv :mzl nthw: \‘m‘l~:, ‘ I‘M t‘t‘ :t tnnnn‘ llt'l‘t' tlltll :Iain lty altm‘navhintz‘ a Inan “hora: (“mp 11w jngislvlfl mutation 'l‘l‘ttmt‘ Hm n tn «artin with ln~r l an tlt-zulf‘ hw ttsltl tlw ttt'\\“ilt«'tttl‘l‘~ lillllt‘I‘ was an l‘lnulisthntan: \\'htm~ [him-y [t‘mxd 1mmth Ht his watt-h: ;;‘\'.,.\ tn ‘t Em: than: wt w “W WW :2 lttlitl, ’ l tlttn‘t want .\lt'~ l“ ill “1”” 1'()\\' :tt‘twt‘ntmn Ill.\'.lll‘>\' imtm:--_ «mm ’l gm“: t‘ ; mam, mt» lt‘l‘ a tttnt' Hwy-5 (thwartnnnt t'nnltl talw 111) llw , t l - x t ~ HI! itl‘ t ml HM? lt"' tut‘wuvuwimt l‘v‘"1tlll‘.ll:{ Elnvaal \Krtl‘l; 1471- \\::l‘ v, t .tt ' ll? ‘1 .zwmn t:.- lI‘tt'llt’il‘ twtt llt’al (lt‘l‘lilftii‘t lllltl 'l‘lzat l;1\\ll)'llil* l~‘"l‘l" 'lli'l‘t‘ \t‘:t“ llt\ llllll. 'lilll‘ t'\ltt't'lt‘llt't‘ lu-ny‘nttl ttll llls‘ llElf-illt‘t‘ttrail'lll llt‘tlt‘H mm ‘l v ‘tlll \itll' _t:t ‘r‘ u‘ttl :HLHl Hall .t“‘tl him it luitl rmwnwtl hi: \‘tlyazw l1ltl ranmml hint ltl ltl't‘ltftl‘“ :t t t z i ll» ttwn ~'t¢ll\i?l" H. ; lt -. 'tltinL: hw \\‘unltl t‘athwt‘ t'm‘ thn tit} that nttw hatl aI‘I'intl, n » t ‘ t t‘ 7’ pm Tttz' ta ttt‘m *»",lil_\ ,mt tn \ t 1“\'\‘ll :Intl \'~.ltlt'lt lw lll'lllv lit» lintlw that t\‘wt“\' (lay lllt‘ rill‘ltg’tgl: ' 'ltl A ll‘ M ‘g- t' * ratix :w‘wm \\\£t_L’1‘lI|lllt' l'tnttt‘ ;Hltlll‘1fl\‘."lll‘.l tall (llltl llt‘ I'lllllltl)'t‘tl wt tlv , t. t twtx'tit ll trt lt“ .«lt gt ’tltttt lll' \»(!l' \Xttttltl t'l‘lllllill“ :.11 i3: \gpt l'z' :u‘tt‘t't‘»: ltl ltgti-itwn lllw ’l " t I ,ttt .t lllt'li lllll ltw \_ t t‘tt‘t\ll;t’t ll 'I'llw \‘t'tr‘fl’lw tuning t=‘;' :w l»\ gt ~;]nwtl‘\' \lt‘tttl‘).'. tux t s t t l'» ltlllt wit mam; l»: ;, 1, mt!» nnt‘ ,tnel t‘nw tla‘.‘ it: -.I‘\ ilnxi hath all hit; \\‘:tl' ltt't» l'[ t v t t m‘ ’4 Wm: t‘\ V‘Jl‘ tugmllt ‘lll'l'lttt'llllt'i \\’h-nl\1rn't‘- tit.;-- t\\t illx nit» tntllltttw rtt) thw illw ‘ ‘ . t I. t.’ in tin .“mwn I'm it“ \lttnnl ltt‘ (llllkil inm it. (lt‘l‘" 31m» tnnn'nt, wt}: nu ll1Itt11)4'l‘i!1fJ; run tn u‘ w . ' t' - ti ‘t‘wttx'. \htt ll 3 m"? watt}, ltnt \\ llti‘ t'ttll’lll‘ffl \\'zt\ nnni'w (litinn 1. ’l'hi ‘ \wt anmnnt \\;:~;t111'n , tlw tlu It til t V: ll t ll ’.!w it t path utnl twlit-wui “mt \\'~ ('unltl nut t‘tl hat ll tu ll!-" 'l‘t‘wasntjv tn Inx llSt‘tl as; taunt t \ ll;l\l‘ Err :1lt»‘:=tail:ulnar[tt‘nljtgvi‘ra f’ I w ll tl' lI t‘l'llllltlll ‘lltlllltl at il ill lltxi lll\t'l' l t t t n t l ll tttd l’nttsw- tl'ltll, :t: l|.t luth p-letl it: t'llfil'ill‘jll Vll E t vl 1 ~12: at. n. ;m it it ;:| tlttr ;» in: \xl1~ l‘t‘ thu : HRHlHl {hp :9“. :-\w\zln rw *vnalurial t, 't t l' t ‘lt It v ll law! tt‘ttnt twin 1: :alw tt» na‘nw tltt‘t‘xt (‘_I.x:;i.ti}_':ll * t ,t "t "' ~l’l ‘1 ll llllt) lllt‘ lll ll‘ttll l‘l\t'l. 'l‘ltt‘ [tlftttf \\'lf‘» > f? t tt Mutt ll ll it: "'I n lll‘;~;ll_\ miniqul tug“ ti1~ ll‘7llxlllf' ()3 1! llll‘ l‘vuttw- .witttv l’l‘llll'ttl lltt‘ will ' . ' , It ltimt‘. 1- tl'l 92th: t‘yglr- lstmtv alnl It’nwat‘ntw Plaza-‘12:. phati'w 0t lit'ilv’fi‘» l“t>1‘tl thw t‘llt-(‘l , U , , , l , l (t t u txtgntn l '1; ti ’l'hw _l:t1.’-'$wll :5, :tli l_l1('l «tnw ltt!’ a, nun nut alututttm in hi‘: nattvv :‘tatw by.» t . . ’.l t - ll! ‘l ‘W l.II\.'l: :9l:.ltttll am! it \\‘t‘\ llri"1l lol‘ in lillté. lm‘ In that ytmt‘ lllt‘ (lt‘lt'- P ‘1 i . l t Tun -.. \ a ’llr .- : {U - t ; ? : it: t,. v . .m. 5 sin— EE'JIIJ.‘ 01 I“ filmy :uul mnvhixn-i'; u'hivh Hull-w i4 [Er-\kilth‘ I.) turn nut t'nlli' QIHHIFHIH‘. roinplvtt- :IlltUnHDIDlIt‘s in u, 5557910 (L t'w rut ~ t .: . In“; it“. lll.\‘t‘ at 15. of lawn “le fill in t\\v*i:l)»rl‘nur hnurs t‘\t‘!“\ tlu). Eiu'n with \IE‘. Ful'tla vurnth runlr-zn'nl', it is hardly ‘ptmsihlt' in M11! I!“ Hen .w. mnt' law. -.- tuil lw Mum humming mm‘llim‘s tln-mm-lu‘s. Thousands of \isit-n's :u‘z- rmmzwtt-tl through thix plant 1‘\l'l‘)' ,w‘u‘l'. Hun) f1)l'0iL:ll imtnhlm. \--».1n~,: \fti“ : .axl. l.» ,‘a tzlciHn .h-t; the) \\'mitl~l';lm-.)li.~ sig’ill‘fi “Niuuaru Falls and ‘hl‘ Ford l'zu-tm‘y.” ’l‘hiri now in only 0111- of the industries ownt‘tl by Henry a l‘ord win; muv. in, (4.“ :‘t-;,.. a m tam, was 1! “Minna” funm‘x' boy. .. ‘x‘w/ y W“... February3, 1923 THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER (293) 13 tional (‘onwintitin zit, (‘hii'zig‘o was l‘llll‘l‘t‘d [llt‘ world war l’i‘tisitliint inSU‘lH‘lt‘d to givu him its (‘()Iil])|l— Wilson lilt‘ltll' him :i lilt‘lllt‘llillll motilii‘y “fiivm‘itii Hon" Vtitii. ;\lt‘. ('Ullllllillltlt‘l' in llll‘ nztvy. lllt‘ highwst ll‘m‘d hzitl Il()l](‘ (if thti (‘llll ‘:i('tiit‘istit‘s l‘itllk (‘Vt‘t‘ ('(tlll‘l‘l‘l‘l‘tl iititiii zi ('l\'lllillt. ()1? 2i stzittimiitiii, (ii' t'Vl‘ll politit'izin. litllt‘l‘ ht‘ iti‘l’llllil‘ :iitlti to llrini' All and (ltms nut )'t‘£ll‘ll l‘m' tillliliv ()fllt‘l‘, tiiii'zil N. H. l'‘tm‘w it i>: tiltil'l‘ thmt ; tllt‘ll‘ Sl'liultii‘. 11R \\'illinni A\l(l(‘1l lilwly llixtl til'lllll‘l' \\'(llllll lltlYl' lltl« Smith li1l(llllllltillllt‘t‘tllllilllll‘Wtillltl l‘“ W!" it! til" t'itllllllllfdll. l'Vt'll if not». hii :i l'lllltlltlltlt‘ tn Slll‘t'ltt‘tl llllllr tlll'i' hull t'tit‘w-v‘ii lhtit nt‘tvvi~ thr‘ will“, MIX li‘tit‘tl wzis lll'fdl‘tl tti lilitlx’t‘ lliltif illlil liitttit' titxht \lt'l Nt'wht-t'i‘) ) g lht‘ I‘llt‘l‘ till lllt‘ Ht‘IHlltllt‘llli llt'lU‘l WWW] l'“ "1”th i” m“ {‘“i'ml ? i. S 3 . . ‘ i l l ’ :iiitl illllltillL’Jlt lllt‘ iititiiiiiztlititi \Vtitlltl Stzilw Slttit‘wiiii‘ ‘ttlli‘l illltl llll l;i\\ I lHLVt‘ hiwti l'lllllVIlllilll tn t‘ll't‘llflll hit lllltlt‘l‘ \\llll'll in \\':i:; iii‘t»:§l llll'll‘ t'wrtiwtitw li,il‘lll“ Almnl thin liltll‘ thii I’l‘l'Sllll‘lil til'ltl l‘l’illlll hit“: “"l'l'tlll -\‘ ll’l‘i' l‘i“““i' \Vli‘l lt-t t'i't‘t' ill] ltiizfl' sit-st U ligttiti it”. My, tum” m (.nmti h, “gwhmyhm 'llh (-zll»|ll:tl1’ll “tau llttllwt‘ z-ntl hnt- hmk H1 EXHLNI‘HN H h "\V‘-: “'1‘ wimp” “W? 1hr 1i t-tiiit‘rit‘wiit‘ti, ’l‘htw tllHt‘llHSl‘tl ll't‘. Straw \‘(ili \\t‘l't‘ Intuit i‘\'l‘t‘,\ - I i: i , l“ “" ‘ “'“ ““"“ "' - ‘ l 1 ~ t t ’i t‘ 'l l, t,\~ .V ‘v ‘3 ,. thti Hillilltlll‘lltti (it‘lt't‘ltil‘ riii \Vllll’ll \ll‘, \Vht-i‘t» and it \\lt« l'ltlllllli‘lt‘l) iii: ‘1'} H? ‘5‘ ’- ‘ *l’lUH” r - "‘lri‘i‘. Mit‘il hiiiimvll’ lizitl ltl'l‘ll \\‘tii‘l\'in;:. llll‘ll‘il lttftl Hi It",\ l’w‘il *Httlll it" t ‘i‘liillllh‘r ill“? l7“: ‘3:l’v7‘l;'tai ll‘t‘niii thnt thi- t'lilth‘l‘HlllltJll llll‘lltiti l‘l'w‘tl'll lit Jlll «i‘~l*t‘\‘~lt<‘li:iiti“ till: 1 It) tht- t'tiii.iii;:" Sl'llitlltl‘llll t’illllllitlifll. J‘ll‘lli'. filllltttl"li "l “it‘ll filmm” "“ 1 f_ “it gqti‘si! ‘~,l r‘ g: )z §)~. g, 3 , l’;irli.siin_'illl it“ ’ “ ‘ V ‘ H l-tiiiViii'wttiiiii lint thli l’t‘wsitli-nt will ill“ l"“-‘U UNIV" l‘fi‘l‘ liiiti'l" thtit hv llt‘l‘tlttl ,\li'n [“(tl‘tl iii llll‘ Sin. litlt llll' t‘m ' \l..-» nut ttlv‘l‘ 'i‘ttw Mil ’7'/|1!‘(kll;’i:’fi. «ll-iii :itv :intl L'£l\'l‘ ltH his l‘l‘ltRHll l ht“ itww'lntv'w til: ‘»\l iv in litisrwi all {human 3'7?» ‘:-,’ :3; “\VLIN‘ lltll‘ llillltll‘tl :intl hcttl 'ty him: t til ,\lt‘. l”w"«t'1 t‘tillttnwr ()lit pi'vjiitlit'wsz.’ 'zttitl hw lltltlt‘fi \\It' lli~ lwttwt' i‘illwn hx i’tn ltlt‘lll ‘ l\iiti\\-; HS 1 (hi lhw \wit" > \\"i|< litiiihr-si. \‘»lllt‘l| iiltftl'lll't'll .l‘ l . tilt l lililtt‘ you will lll‘\\\]I-1lltl'l“\ till Ntixyt-iiiliwi’ :1 l ‘Iit‘l‘Stillltl t’w‘liiism, lllllh b ‘;,jt1.~~'t t\\'w ‘ titiiizil .‘HH'I'llll‘l' :iiill lH' xi 'l'hii Sititvinl-iit it~w|l litii‘t \ii \lr. li‘ni‘tl was ltHlt‘lH‘tl l'hltllt‘wa and Hit il‘lit‘ll“ ‘llll pun], hut his i‘tiply wan <- l .‘lt’llttll tlitl hi:: t‘;lll‘l‘ «will intiv tit' Illt‘ llllllli “l ('lellltil , lll'itt. ll 1 ._ lhl‘ ltli‘ll (in thv Sillilllill‘llil‘ (hittit'tm‘ twin-rs, hurts ' aim-n tut ; . :tiitl \\‘<- ll:t\'li _iii:‘-t (‘ttllltlt‘lt‘tl it_ i ltm'. ’l‘hii “it llllfx‘llt‘tl h_\' ‘ f t (‘Ztlllltll lilh‘l‘ llltl!‘ tti [Itlllhl‘ thw i‘nt'iu thv- [It'llllltllt’illl ' ;" l‘tiin ! \lui'iitit't'i“ l h:i\'i- so iiiiit-h tti (hi tit lllllll‘l‘, HVl‘l' .Itiill] and uh, yenmm brim“ WHY WWW V ‘7' H lititi‘tiit thztt l t'tiiilil tint Sht‘llt] lt ‘l:tii:vtitnt I‘llltll' 4 {Hf INV [IT/“v ‘0“ “5‘” Nib: (‘lltillilll tiinw iii “"2irthiiij4tiin it‘l \Vt‘l't‘ in litany lyitw, :it "“I‘VPHOH ’ L‘r '7 U \ Ulfi‘“ t “tilt”; “A l .3: 01‘ Stiiiztttit'. lliisitlvs. l l-ztii't llll‘llfil' hif'h, \iwi‘w tht- \Vlll'tl‘4 It‘xii’IRAl‘IUN. spwwhns and l h:ti ill-it thii tilitiiiiiwi “HENRY NH”) \VI’ 03' “ill (‘tlltl ,1 l\“!"‘\" vi‘luttyjn [2‘ “an” “)1, to rail Ell‘lillltil :iiitl llSIl‘ll tn lull» ‘ {W}; {NULL yyAR‘; Willi Hh'i- It» lllllx,“ l7~l~iw lllll \\;t:- ' " \ll'. \\'il>< ' M ‘ w “(lVilll‘l‘ll “I‘M” "l" "y “itg‘” Ullyll" llit \ lvl‘i ll ti Silii‘ t.‘ i." ‘ l‘ t l’i'e» illi‘lll li'l'll>1 jwiii. 'i'uii rll't‘ tliv \J-‘Htrt‘nll HUN“, 1,, 5 l ‘ till!) mm in ‘allt‘illi’ntl that t‘ttll lw H,“ A, Hm,“ In, MN“ ~ ’ l t-lwlmi tilt tho» [’(‘Illlll‘l‘itlll' tit-tut” (,Hhmi‘m... m \:,. it w I k “M s ,\ll‘:tll\\llllz‘ llll‘ [it‘llllltlll‘illh til:tt'iii Him-'1 it [hit my, in“. \li: infill till lii' ill" i’l'lll‘l‘itl lillh lit» .\l|‘_ ll'iit‘tl i‘ .‘t itii'irmi‘ ,l‘l tirv mi llt“ ,-ti.»lw:l;~ \l “it” t, ,, I ;t.\' thw lit-intit-tritir l'l’lltlltltlll‘, <1th (‘ttnrl zil' thy inuwi 3m” HM :ilnitii l'tii' tht‘ :zlt‘tiiiittM ‘lllillt lht‘y I't‘}llll1tll()ll :iiitl i‘w-tuwl l'in- tit. “nth l‘l‘illltl tinil Iii “WNW” I‘llllv 'l'lll‘." (Hill t‘lii‘ l'2tit‘ntirxr, lll _l’tli"lllli=l htti'w ‘ l' H viv. Sl‘lt‘t‘lt‘d t‘niiimzintli-i' 'l‘i'tiiiitin ll. iim'wi' lit-t-n (lllpt'lllllltt (1‘ with ht |ii~«: t _ t ~ »~ i it t mt l xnwmq-mg Inmxnihwl llpliii him to lillll‘l‘t‘fll tillVl‘l‘Fltl'll‘rx. (‘tilit'lihjiitir' ‘ “mm. 1h“ Iwilllm‘h‘g M.“ h“ W215 M)” “H”:va JIM" My" Hugh"?i TWIN-‘4 in his ‘ till FUI' M tint-Inuml l'l'lll \\ nix ti\\lt :lili:»l l'ittllli‘ 'i nit ' . “WIN! “H MW HUIMMWZHI “mmmm' Impm't to HI“ I’I“’5“m““13 will lnw l'lillimiiiti lll‘\\ ,«iilm'i'ilit'fl « hi it H -HM ~i Mimi “Ml Mr, valwi‘i‘y With it iiizin (if ,lII“:lI; i “1”” “‘1” ‘” “t” “’1‘ 1 WWW: Wiizillh Ht‘Vl‘I‘ill “11105 :i niillitin— H ‘IT ‘5 PUSHHHJIC FOR ONE IN : {lil‘é‘ and was (‘()Illl(‘('l(‘(1 with the THAT 1’1‘1I)‘\H'I‘A\”‘3N'1V TU “KING Npi\\,'\;‘1“l(. most, illflllt‘lltifll fumilitis ()t‘ the ABUI'T [UCLA YR 'l‘lllC (‘.v\l'b‘l Genesm County stated that in _ his neighborhood, 8 miles of stone “7 ‘. road ‘Was"built, and when completed ‘a man was hir'ed’to take care of said . 8 miles for $1,100 per year. At the end of the year a bill was presented for extra material in the amount of , ; 0, $11,000.00. _ Does that not warrant i’ _‘ an investigation on the part of the people to know how their funds are ‘ ' expended? We -must unload _ , . army of useless officials, which have , 4-“ feathered their nest under the high ' ‘ cost of living. They have the same , V effect on the tax payers, like lice on ‘ ~ , a fine blooded sheep, it must die. ' The people must demand to oust the State Police; They are neither will not have to go over “the pond” to get help because the farm boys are going to the city; sure. There was not enough produce raised in my townshipthis year to pay this year’s taxes—ml. S. E, North Branch, Michigan. HALF TAXED AND HALF UN- TAXED '" E HEAR a lot these days about ,the U. of M. and M. A. C., wanting large appropriations and a great many ‘are opposed to it, but I am not.. I say, let Michigan have the best schools in the good old U. S., but this is What I am sup- posed to. Let us consider our doctor for a few moments. Real estate pays 79% of the money at present, given by the's-tate to the U. of M., now if it was not for the generous old farmers, many a young man would go with- the .‘-~ ornamental or useful. They must \ “\demand to abolish the State Tax Commissioners. They have done, more harm than good. Unload the Utility Commissioners. They are only a bill of expense. ing the Northwestern Development. Bureau that serves to advertise land corporation, their cut-over lands, and the people pays the bill. Repeal the Covert Act' which sends the farmer to the Poor' House. -Abolish the power to fill offices by appointments. I . That Will close the' door on Easy ‘ '1 Street. Let State Officials buy their " OWn car, and all unreasonable sal— ’ aries must be reduced. The people should select and elect three com— petent men, Who’s honesty can not ' be questioned to lift the lid, and re- port what they find. It’s up to the people to demand What must be done. 7‘ A public official is a public ’servant, - and not a public master? The master- ship belongs to the people. The No- “vember election proved the fact that \ Mr. Newberry made a swift jump for an old man. This wonderland must be closed, and the people must refuse , to maintain a fools paradise for the \ oily tongued politician to live on the A l ‘ fat of the land. Farms after farms are needed under normal conditions. The farmerspaid from $20 to $25- ’. tax, now under this wild movement they pay two or three hundred or leave the farm. V If said reforms are carried out, it will remove a mountain of taxes, and we can build good roads just the same. What is good for the state, can be applied to the county also. Remove the drone. Let every citi- . v zen be useful and a producing mem— , ’- her on the Public Body. This is like parking into a hornets nest—C. H. A., Iasco County, Michigan. HOW ABOUT IT, HENRY? S I have been reading Henry - , Ford’s talk in the Detroit News it makes me think that Mr. Ferd knows very little about the . average farmer and the men that buy his cars and are making the roads. / »Men that kept a hired man before the war are now glad to work on the road to pay their taxes as they are . as high as rent for some farmers, as high as $3.00 per acre. Mr. Ford says that if it doesn't pay to run the business to let some— tone else run it and work for the other fellow. That is just what the farmers are doing as fast as they 7-.”‘You..ns , , i ,1. asphigh as $12.00 a day by working W \ ours overtime.~ Now who 7 The men that buysthe I. 'can have sales and move into the, Stop support- . ‘ ’men say they are getting _ mTt‘heir homes to out a college education, but, by the farmers furnishing a good share of the money to run thése institutions, it enables them to get an education very reasonably. 4 Now, we must have doctors and we welcome them. We build stone roads, the cost of which real estate pays about 85%. Now what do they do? They buy a house and a lot in town, an automobile, and as much tax exempt, or nearly so, property as they can buy. This little problem not only applies to doctors, but law- yers, dentists, professors, salesmen, tec., or anybody who gets his edu- cation at an institution where real estate pays the largest portion of the running expenses, and when his edu— cation is completed, invests his earn— ings in property that pays at least to support such institutions. 'Why is it not fair to expect a man to pay “his just share toward the running of the institutiOn where he got his edu- cation, or in other‘words, I don’t think an education should be for the purpose of enabling a man to make an easier living and getting out of paying his just share of taxes. Let us consider two men, one with $100,000 of non-taxable bonds, the other with $100,000 worth of real estate, theingvaluation is the same. The man with real estate pays a tax, whether he makes a profit or not, and if a large profit is made, he pays a Federal income tax, while the man with the bonds pays the Federal in- come tax only, providing his profit is large enough. What is right about it? I think we should have a gasoline tax until the wealth of Michigan out— side the real estate pays its just share of taxes, and a state income tax, as long as We have non—taxable property that produce incomes. Get. these figures: real estate represents 35% Of the wealth of Michigan and pays 79% of the taxes. If theother 65% of the wealth paid in proportion to real estate, we would receive over two times as much taxes and real estate would] not have to pay a cent more-than at present. What the farmer wants is equalization of tax burdens. Abraham Lincoln said; “A nation cannot exist, half free and half ‘slave.” Do you think a state can exist half taxed, and half ~untaxed?—— H. D. P., Riga, Michigan. PROTECT THE QUAIL DITOR" M. B. F.—The farmers are almost unanimous in want- ing the quail protected. Will you kindly give it a,writeup in your editorial columns—P. M. Baucher, Stanton, Michigan. (Editor’s 'Note)—-—If there is any good reason why the few remaining quail in Michigan should not be pro- tected, we do not know what it is and we would be glad to have some— one enlighted us. 'The good sports— men of this and other states, want to see the quail protected. The poor sportsmen don’t Want the quail or wild fowl or fish protected. Luckily the good sportsmen make the laws and see that they are enforced. . .__...____.___ Inmmmgi stgLvndknis PROBLEMS a rea g your paper'very much and find its. great help in solving mm H ~Emil . ~ —- Invest in a McCormick—Dee Manure Spreader for More Profitable Farming The basis of profitable farming is a fertile soil: In farming, as in other businesses, there are poor years and good ones, but the farmer who keeps up the productin ity of his soil will forge ahead. 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'MoreAcres of '. { Good Plowing It’s an unusually long-live? plow—there are more acres'o ; good plowing in it—that’s the reputation the John Deere Stag ~ has earned in many years of wide use. And note these other qualities: ‘ The Stag is Light Draft -—.—all weight carried on smooth ‘ running wheel bearings—~no dragging friction. Genuine John Deere bottom scours, re- sists wear and does thorough work. Quick detachable share. Greater clearance than usual between beam and share-point, and 3 between moldboard and front furrow wheels. Landing lever enables oper- ator to maintain full width cut around curves. and hold plow to work on hillsides. See the Stag at your John Deere, dealer’s. SEND TODAY for free Stag fold- er. Also tell us of other imple- ments on which on want. infor- mation and we wil send you free, “Bookkeeping on the Farm,"—-—use- ful for your farm accounts. Ad- dress John Deere, Molina, Illinois, and ask for Package 8X6 33_ mu. -.Dl.!_f?€ " ‘ . ~ r_. 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AR ' FARM HILE the word—“dynamite” has a rather dreadful sound, it, is not. nearly as wicked as is generously supposed. The stories about dynamite exploding when Ndropped are either figments of the imaginative story writer or refer to an entirely obsolete product made some thirty or forty years ago, Ex— plosives manufacturers have spent a great deal of time and'vast sums of money in perfecting their product, and today dynamite is safer to handle than ever before. Considering that in normal years 300,000,000 pounds of dynamite are made and sold,’ the proportion of accidents is very small indeed. ,7 Even (an admittedly hazardous operation) there is only a fraction of the num- ber of fatalities that occur in a big machine employing the same number of men. . Dynamite is nowadays generally packed in cylinders of heavy parafine paper to form cartridges o'r “sticks” usually 1 1-4 inches in diameter and 8 inches long. .These cartridges are dipped in paraffin to make the paper still more water-proof, and this gives them a greasy feeling which is some- times mistakenly supposed to be caused by the nitroglycerin which is the essential ingredient in all modern high explosives. Besides nitroglyc- erin, dynamite ordinarily contains nitrate of soda, sometimes called Chile saltpetre, and some substance to supply necessary carbon, such as wood meal. In addition about one per cent of alkaline material called antacid is put in as a corrective for any tendency of the nitroglycerin to 'decom'pose on account of insufficient purification. When you open the wrapper of a dynamite stick the contents look like slightly moist brown sugar. ‘ For all around purposes on the average farm only two types of dyn- amite out of a great many are man- ufactured need be considered. One of these types is of relatively low strength and slow action and is adapted for practically every kind of work around the farm such as blow- ing out stumps and boulders; loosen- ing up hard packed soil~for tree planting; rejuvenating old orchard trees by shaking up the soil around their roots; breaking through im- pervious strat like hard pan or ce- mented gravel, which prevent free drainage into the sub-soil from the surface; and for sub—soiling to pre- vent erosin and washingw away of the surface soil in rolling land. The other type of explosive is low freez— ing straight dynamite, the 50% strength being generally best for farm work. This is an exceedingly powerful, quick acting and shatter- ing dynamite, which is used for blasting ditches through swampy ground where no other method of procedure would be possible. This ditching by the propagation method is a very facinating subject and will be taken up in detail later. Dynamite is a detonating explos— ive; that is, it cannot be fired by a spark alone but requires a device known as a blasting cap in order to detonate it. These blasting caps are small copper cylinders about half filled with a very powerfuland 'sen— sitive composition, usually fulmin- ate of mercury, which is fired by fuse. This fuse consists of a small and very uniform train of a special black powder tightly wound around with threads of jute or cotton more or less water—proofed. Most fuse burns at the rate cf about ninety. seconds per yard, and is very uni- form in its burningsped, very seld- om varying‘more than'live percent either way- ‘ " ' Another kind is called/ an- electric blasting cap. This is similar to the one first de- scribed excopt that it -m1:twel:*cop- per wires running into it which are connected together in the explosive composition by another very fine wire which becomes heated to white heat by the passage of an electric tric blasting caps are sealed up with water proof compound so that they_ can be used under water even when submerged for a cbhsiderahle lengtlfi~ time. Electrig blast; ape in the manufacture' of blasting cap made , current and thus fires the cap. Elec- v sharp, knife. ,HANDLING DYNAMITE ON THE Wires attached do not cost much more than'the blasting cap with fuse‘ of the same length as the wires of ’the electric blasting cap, and are much safer" to have anound on acCount of their being scaled up. They should be fired by means of a blasting ma- chine, which is a simple dynamo con— veniently built for transforming muscular energy into electric energy. The blasting machine is much safer to use than any kind of dry cell- battery, 40': storage battery, for the reason that the contact points or binding posts' are dead; that is, no‘ \current will flow through them ex- ’ cept when the machine is operated purposely, whereas with the dry cell or storage battery, the connecting posts are always alive and there is‘considerable danger of their be- ing inadvertently connected or .even touched by the leading wires before it is safe to fire the blast. With cap and fuse, sufficient length of fuse must be used so that after lighting the free end the‘ operator has time to run to a place of safety. 'With the electrical method the operator connects the two Wires of' the elec- tric blasting cap with about two hundred—fifty feet of leading wire, which generally allows him to get to a place of safety, the battery at the far end of the leading Wire for firing the blast. One of the great advantages of electrical firing is the fact that it is instanta- neous and that the time of the blast is therefore under control of the blaster. In shooting stumps along the roadway with cap and fuse, if some vehicle approaches after’ the fuse has been lighted at about the time the blast is due to fire there is no way of holding off the blast, whereas with the electrical method. if anything happens which renders it desirable to delay the shot for a few minutes, the blaster simply waits until all is clear before firing. All the above may sound a little complicated. However, it is nothing like as complicated as making a loaf of, bread, for instance. Let us illus- trate this by going through the pro- cess of blowing out a stump. With‘ a crowbar we punch around under the stump untilv we find a place be- tween the roots where we can get the bar down in the soil a couple of feet under the stumps and then we 'wiggle the crowbar around with a rotary motion in order to enlarge the hole. If the soil is very hard it may be necessary to drive the crowbar in with a sledge hammer or to use a dirt auger or a punch bar. Let us say this stump is about two feet in diametor and is four or five ’ year old and is ordinarily stiff loam. Four cartridges of low strength and slow action_dynamite is about the right charge. With a sharp knife we slit the paper shell of the first three cartridges down the length of the cartridge, drop one into the hole, and with a sawed-off broom stick press it firmly down so asto cause it to spread out and fill the bottom of the hole without leaving any air space there. We drOp the second and the third cartridge in and press them in to position in the same way. Now we take a blasting cap out of its box, cut off about three feet of fuse and the. oil, slip the blasting cap on the freshly cut end of the fuse in such a way that the fuse just touches the cap composition. Holding it in this position, we crimp the cap firmly on the fuse by means of a ap crimper. We then take the fourth cartridge, punch a hole about an inch from one’end in a slanting direction with the pointed leg of the ap crimper, insert 'the cap in this hole, and tie apiece of string about ten inches long first .varound the fuse about half an inch above the cap and then around the cartridge so that the capxcannot she pulled but of the [dyn- amps; :' Thisfcartridge with the cap in it" Lisrcalled2the primer. It is not and connects .3501; ,, . kiwi-s; ovum and. "holding ifh‘e new - ‘lose to the‘.'que‘, strike 'the'gm‘” ’ch'”. andsfiwhile ‘its h’eadiis still. flaming ‘ put it quickly into the powder ex-‘ 1 yf , posed in the" fuse. // v pow {satétyz .uvmf, best; We' now retire' to a safe placeand in a-bout‘ninety secondsthe charge explodes. amount of dynamite has been gaugedw correctly, the stump is blown clear and clean out of the grOund leaving r . very few, if any, roots in the earth—"- Arthur La Motte, Manager Technical Section, Explosives Department, E. I. , ' a duPon’: de Nemours & Company. ELECTRIC LIGHT PLANT I would like to know if it is pos- sible to run an electric plant with water without storage batteries by running the Wheel when I am using lights, and what would be required for such a system? ‘Also how much would it require to run twenty lights? Would a man have to get . lights?——W. W., Glennie, Michigan. RUNNING —thther 6r not it is possible toii V' run an electric light plant from vwater without 'storage batteries would depend entirely upon the power available in the stream, and whether this Stream flow is great enough to furnish this amount of power whenever it is needed. If the stream is large enough this would be. thoroughly practical. ‘ You have in mind one water power installation where about 35 horse power is available in the stream and where a one-half-horse power gen- erator is connected by means of a friction pulley to the rim of a 15 horse power turbin. The excess power going through this turbin is, of course, simply wasted. Assuming that 20 50 watt lamps are to be used, they will require 20x50 or 1000 watts which is equal to 1 kilowatt and which is equal to about 1 1—3. horse power. Since somepower is lost in all the trans- mission equipment it will bemeces— sary to have 2 2-3 horse power in the stream to supply this amount, of course if this amount of light is the minimum or the'least that can be used then it can easily be seen that it will be necessary to have this amount of power when the stream is at its lowest, to supply power. For an ordinary small stream a.— turbin or water wheel is necessary, where the fall is very little then pro- bably the turbin would be found most satisfactory. The turbin is a wheel through ,which the water pass- es to produce power. The governor which controls the speed of this wheel is an important part of the equipment and involves some expense in addition to the turbin. It is very likely, however, if no storage bat— teries are to be used that a gover— nor would be especially important. H. H. Musselman, Professor of Farm Mechanics, M. A. C. " , IMPROVED \VHEAT VARIETIES AMONG YEAR’S ACHIEVEMENTS HE Office of Cereal Investigatidns T in the Bureau of Plant Industry, of Agri- U. S. Department 'culture, is working steadily to im- prove the varieties of wheat and other cereals grown in this country. In the annual report of- the bureau recently made public are listed among the significant accomplish- ments of the past fiscal year, two new wheats named Forward and Honor that have been developed in the breeding experiments in cooper- ation with the agrigulLural- experi- ment station of Cornell University. These are now being grown commer- cially, and Seed is offered for sale by seedsmen and farmers in New York State. 'Kota, a bearded, hard red spring variety, discovered in 1918 to be es- pecially resistant to stem rust,- was grown in 1921 at 30 experiment sta- tions to determine its value incom- parison with adapted commercial varieties of both common and durum wheats. » During. the . past three years its resistanceto stem rust has » proved ,nearly ‘eq‘ual tothat of the generally slit, or, if it is slit, only" about? half its length; beginning at the end. opposite the cap. .After—pla, - ing "the, primer in the, hole, we 11 l the, remaining ‘space‘ with clay,- ; loam as a tamplng stick. 3 Then wit .we.=.§lit the; exposed; 11911" f! _. or sand, p'aking '1t., dammcaremuy, with therbroom stick,;which‘isuknbw t J h a~ _ d,.;'~ ‘ most resistantdurum varieties, 4, 13nd commercial stocks of Kate, seed'iwlsrp. increased to, about 6,000 busing-1n:- 1921,'a'nd nearly all of this wssfsqygéd in_,1.9,22v._»‘ VJ . 5" g If the new-Snips n! c-h.;n.inmi-b-_‘.‘—aramu'a Omfldwofifl'gmdmga‘QEiéi-enfie . ‘ .‘I-iom P? 12" u. ‘ new: w$yooeweos ,zl :- o L ' ".L‘irnnnmo‘" FRUIT mus _ cepted systems. The Central Leader of -Pramidal Tree system has long been in use, and ‘since it is the easiest to develop, (it Will receive firSt consideration The central branch is allowed to as— cend year after year with little or .-no cutting back, While the lateral scaffold 'or mainbranches are kept somewhat shOrter by greater or less heading. As a result, the lateral branches are considerably smaller than the central axis, and .protches 'are .‘ formed which" seldom. split. Strong trees result, butlit 18 very difficult to keep them opened suf- ficiently to permit light to pene; trate to the inner parts, and the tops ‘usually become too high to permit orchard operations to be conducted economically. This system is not favored by many present-day fruit growers. , The Open Center'Type of free us- ually. has three to five scaffold branches well distributed around the trunk and extending outward and upward from it to form the frame— work. The leader or upright branch is removed, usually the first year. These three to five branches are cut back Ito approximately the same height after the first season’s growth, and this equal heading of all branches is continued until the frameWOrk is completed. In other words, each of the scaffold branches is 'given equal prominence, and any tendency of one to outgrow the others is surpressed. The center is kept sufficiently open to permit the penetration of light throughout the tree._ The result is a spreading tree, sufficiently open to permit good col- oring of the fruit, and low enough to allow economical handling. This type of tree is easily maintained after. it is once started. The open center tree is structually weak, due to.the fact that, in gen— eral, the scaffold branches issue from practically the same point, forming weak crotches. Frequently one of the scaffold branches splits off and the tree is practically ruined. Many trees trained in accordance with this system, have met this fate. Artificial supports must be resorted .to in many orchards with trees trained in such a‘ananner. In spite of these defects, however, this sys- tem of training is recommended and very generally adopted for some kinds of fruits. . . The- Modified Leader or Delayed Open Center is the third type of tree. As the terms indicate, it is a modifi: cation of the leader tree or is inter- mediate between the open center and leader types. It combines the more important advantages and climinates some of the disadvantages of each. The resulting tree is low headed, spreading, and has from fix to ten scaffold branches distributed along and about a central axis, thus form- ing a strong framework with well- formed crotches. It is not possible to secure the several‘ scaffold branches from one season’s growth of the main axis and have them properly distributed; so the selection must extend over some three or four ryears, starting two or three new scaffold branches each year. After the desired number of well—distrib— uted scaffold branches has been ob- tain’ned, the tree should be opened by discontinuing (reméving) the leader. At this point; attention should be called to the fact that the system of training employed during the first four or five years of the tree’s life definitely determines .its form, [and later attempts to change the form are very frequently accompanied by disastrous results. An established leader should not be removed, after, . period-but we are chiefly concerned :with' the three more commonly ‘ac-. . type thus - thegsecond or third year; withthe’ idea of developing a strictly open center tree, and, in like manner, at— tempts should not be made to-change ’an'open center tree to a modified leader or leader type. Well trained 'trees may be devloped. along any of the above lines and no one system is best for all species, varieties and conditions. V Since many fruit growers are not familiar with the ’modified leader f tree, and since it is recom— mende for most varieties of apples, pea'rs, cherries and European plums, a more detailed description and de- velopment of a theoretically ideal tree may be in order. Assuming that a one-year-old tree has been planted and headed at the desired height, the growth the season after planting will usually consist of an almost upright branch produced from the uppermost bud, and of four or five shorter ones arising from lower buds. If so, two or three of them, well distributed about the trunk, should be selected in addition to the uppermost one, and the others removed. In cutting or heading back these branches, it should be borne in mind that the longest branch of a group has the advantage and will make correspondingly more growth the following season. Since it is desirable to develop the upper— most branch into a leader for'sev— eral years, it must be left a little longer than the scaffold branches. The amount of cutting back depends upon the amounts of growth pro- duced. Usually in Michigan it will simply consist in cutting back suf- ficiently to give the leader some ad— vantage in length. If a good, vig- orous growth has been produced the first year, one should leave the lat— eral scaffold branches 15 to 24 inches long, and the central upright one 20 to 30 per cent longer. r The following winter the leader should be treated in much the same manner as just described for one year previous. The scaffold branches will probably have produced several laterals. Two or three of these should be selected and headed back, if necessary, sufficient to avoid “leg— giness.” Care should be taken, as 'previously described, to prevent the formation of weak “Y” crotches. This system should be continued throughout a third and possibly to the fourth year, after which the leader should be suppressed or dis— continued. This system of training results in a tree with a central axis or leader about five to six feet in height, with from six to, ten scaffold branches extending outward and up- ward in all directions and spaced along the main axis for three to five feet. The pruner should develop the several scaffold branches carefully. The heading back should not only be done from the standpoint of the tree as a whole, but also with regard to the relation of the main branches to each other. If certain ones are outgrowing others, the stronger should be headed back more than the weaker ones. If the lower scaffold branches are not deve10ping suflic- iently, the upper ones must be cut back more heavily, or the lower ones may be entirely suppressed as real scaffolds and the tree actually be- comes high headed. branches of the tree must be pro- perly dominant. (Editor’s Note—This article is taken from Special Bulletin No. 118 issued by the Experiment Station, Michigan Agricultural College. If you are interested and desire fur- ther information regarding the work you can secure a free copy of this bulletin by writing to the Business Farmer. The illustrations on page 4 are usedthrough the courtesy .of the Experiment Station.) . shaped Thus all main_ v . nus tires-s“ mum t rawbenyBo . - - fl““ ‘ The finest Book on Strawberry growing ever published. Written by Amenca’s foremost grower. of growmg the big crops. -—---\- . x '1 dust Out --~~.§~“ Gives his secreto‘\ Beautifully illustrated in colors [and I describes the world-famed .3 Kellogg Thorobred Plants 0; This Free Book _shows how families everywhere are getting big crops and big profits from early summer until snow flies from K’ellogg Everbearlng Gardens. It also tells about Kellogg s new Strawberry Sensation, the . NEW $50,000 EVERBEARER I America’s greatest Everbearing Strawberry. Find out Where it came . from —Who brought it —- and Why it cost 050,000. I Kellogg’s Sure.Crop Garden Free Book tells all. Also This is a wonderful garden for farmers Offers 5" sped“ Shaw" ' and other busy folks. Plants will root berry ca'd‘m’ 3‘ as" deep and bear well in spite of neglect, gain P'lce’T’a garden to ‘ weeds, or adverse conditions. Covers fit every need andfivery space about 25 ft. x 30 ft. Consists of pool‘et book' Here a one u 250 plants from our- hardiest and of them‘ You can order strongest standard varieties. dl-reCt from an” “d if you . 53 Svensgfir Dunlap .... ..$ W‘sh' ' si- e .......... .... .. . - 28 gmgvnmam 1% Send for . lg on er .. . 50 Marvel ................... .. 1.26 855155. yggzdeorfiia . Regular Price $4.10. Our S ecial Re- . - duced Price, only $3.75. de ivered all 33999”: °’ "°t' d°n té’mto char es aid. Order direct from this WE'- ‘i’l ofilou'ilr'g: o“? . ud. en check draft or mone order 1W 1°, t8 3 a a “t K“ ' and this Sure-drop Garden will' be de- Sotgg ab gr-eat cro s of . livered to you at planting time. grzngtggges and ow '0 R. M. KELLOGG 00., Box 4604, Three Rivers, Mich. - -:g------u------ ‘- ’/ on YOUR cu The work of preparing the land and planting is the same whether you use unknown seed or pedigreed seed. But the crop tells the story; often doubleior triple the profit comes from usmg HARDY. BIG-YIELDIN. MICHIGAN GROWN 44 years of improvem Isbell's seeds. Every ounce is tested stock, true to strain and of high germination hardiness and yield. and scientifically cleaned by Isbell. 200,000 buyers find them money- makers. Get The. Book—FREE Isbell’s I923 Seed Annual is an au- thoritative treatise on seed selec ' n, plan- ning and p anting crops, and quotesi direct-from-grower ‘ ' Emcee. The coupon ——pure 5. M. ISBELI. s. COMPANv Jackson. Mlch. our 1923 Seed Annual quoting Send . _ dIlC‘ct- tom-grower prices on Quality Seed. Name I Address N» @- 'I’RA ' A bred seeds, selected for rings it, FREE. 5. '4 30 Mochanlc St. RK ent are back of Sins / l (45) Book of Fac- tory Bargains In Stoves, Ranges, - Furnaces, Furniture, ,' Refrigerators, Farm and Home Needs. Let me send you my new .1 cct from factory, " 30 Days Trial—Don’tR ‘ tion or quibble. a d d re ss. “The Stove . -1! to You free catalog and show you how to ke great savmgs at wholesale—dir- at money “r saving prices. Everythingguar- fl anteed—set in your home on lsk a Penny i Your money back without ques- . More than 00,0003atlsfied customers. Just send name and A will do. W. C. Dewing, Manfl «clam co Stove empany ' 1111 Reclaqu m. no L03. Kalamazoo, Mich. TREES—SHRUBS—EVERGREENS—FLOWERS 100 Everbesrln plants postpaid cord over. 12 , oholoe‘ 1,000 this in 6 , IVS Dr p worth 399' VICTORY PLANTS and 100 z'Glbson lo. gapevmes free with ever Concord orapevlnes postpai Concord oralenos for Poconos: nd oh Fry tre ceases-eve . ‘ too. . Or at, now. , W331. ‘ $1.00. 1 Splrea or 2 order of $4.00 or 5 choice mlxsd Gladioll pgstpaél} 806' $1.00. or . . Strawbc lent: \our selection for salsa. m p $40.00. Bar- a s cc.‘ Thing I plant. Free strawberry Con- 1 000 Live and catalogue This is an excellent variety, as well as being an interesting curiosxty.GThe vmes are rampant growers and produce an enormous crop of long, slender pods, manypf whlch grow to three feet or more in length having the thickness of a lead pcncll. Produce late in the sum- mer, very roductive, eXcellcnt utility for snap) cans, tender and 0 fine flavor. ackct of seed, 10c; 3 for 250. Japanese Giant Radish 10 to 30 lbs. each; Mammoth Prize Watermelon, 60 to 1.5le5. each; Jumbo Pumpkin, 100 to 3001bs.;' Yule Peach, fine for canning, rlpe fru1t in 80 days after seed is plant- ed;.Garden Huckleberry, a big crop of frult the same season seed is planted' Groun dAlmonds, delicious cocoanu flavor, grow anywhere, plant in spring or early summer and harvest a big crop of nuts the following September; Early Giant. Rhubarb, pro uces lar e, mark- etable alze stalks next year a ter plant- mg; Japanese Climbing Cucumber, fine variety that can be trained to fence, trellis or pnlcs and save garden space: Chinese Celery Cabbage,cclery flavored, fine for salads; String Peas, cook like string or snap beans; Burgess' Earliest and Best Tomato, earliest and best to- mato on earth, large, smooth, free from blight and the equal of any late variety; Giant Ostrich Feather Aster,handsome large, fillfl‘y flowers; Giant Ruffled Spencer Sweet Peas, finest sweet peas _ grown; Red Sunflower, very attractive. Take your chalce of those varieties at 10¢ per packet; 3 for 25¢; 7 for 50¢; or 15 for,$1.00, ostpaid. WIth each order we wi 1 give a free trial I ' package of our wonderful Lima. Peas (sim- ilar 1n shape and as large as Lima Beans) and a copy of our new book, which tells all about other rare scarce”, curious and valuable fruits, vegetables and flowers and medicinal plant crops that yield from $8,000.00 to $20,000.00 per acre. GRAPE VINE or HANDSOME EVERBLOOMING HARDY ROSE BUSH order. , SEED 6: PL _ FREE with every dollar our choice. Order today. BURGESS 00.,213 Floral St... Galecburg, Mich. /"“ State y NT Or Healthy Orchards [glut Michigan Grown Trees Buy handsome, thrifty trees, grapovnws. berry bushes, roses and shrubs from your own state and insure prompt recelpt In vigorous oondltion. Kalamazoo County is famous for Hardy, well-rooted ' stock, We guarantee healthy and true to name. You ought to plant more fruit trees thls season. Spoclal rates if you order now. Our handsome catalog of depend- able trees free for the asking. Celery City Nurseries, ., Box 202 Kalamazoo.Mioh, _ \Ja‘l' Direct toYou,AtWholesole Prices - .. a..." ,.. _' OVER .» otbynnxd can ice 9 -_ pasture. The cheapest accdln —‘,.l .. grows everywhere .1]? A BETTER JOB NOW! 4 PER man-“6 ,3 thin-don our seodcb I“u one: BU more up Send Bulimia ‘ Fl- , . C . I of III Undo. FIR. . Léarn good trade in a few weeks.. 12 million mites, flan dScodco..Dept,fi1, { trucks and tractors need, seerce. Repainn" n needed. lWTrite today for FREE catalog giving in l..-partlcu- ails. Ichloan 8 Auto Bldo., Detroit. STRAWBERRY PLAIITS History and Ival< liable illustrated book free. You will 1 rn. Address MAYER'S PLANT NURSERY, neat grass k Automo I Mich. $8.00 Per 1000', en. Merl-III, Mloh. CHOICE STRA .ERRV PLANTS. £10100fl €11 1:131) ‘xd vxfietieg' aged$3ga£al ee re 0 38.011110 ey to un . MRS. FILENR WO‘OLF. ALCIGAIJI’, blo 801ml. 2262 ~ l . - Unless you see the name “Bayer” on package or (on tablets you are not getting the genuine Bayer pro- duct prescribed by physicians over twenty-two years and proved safe by millions for Colds Headache Toothache Lumbago Earache Rheumatism Neuralgia Pain, Pain Accept “Bayer Tablets of Aspirin" only. Each unbroken package con- tains proper directions. Handy boxes of twelve tablets cost few cents. Druggistsvalso sell bottles of 24 and 100. Aspirin is the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of Monoacetic- acidester of Salicylicacid. 7 (1) Nature’s Own Remedy Indian Herb Tea Made of roots, barks; seeds and leaves from forests, mountains and meadows. No alcohol or narcotics Take steaming hot for colds and grippe. Relieves consti- pation, headache, bad breath and sour stomach. Large Package, $1.00, by Mail. Money refunded if not satisfied. u FARM AND LANDS Ans UNDER THIS HEAD 10° PER worm ‘ FARMING BUSINESS FOR SALE—A PURE- } bred business in Duroc Jerscy Heals, Short llorn Durhiuns, Delaine Merino Sheep, iuff Leghorns, ‘ Buff Plymouth Rocks, Bronze “Turkeys, White Pekin Ducks, Toulouse Geese, which I have built ' up with the hope of keeping my boys on the furin is for sale, including the farm of 200 acres Within ‘ fifty miles of Detroit, 20 acres under timber, bal- ance all under plow. I‘lqulpCd‘Wltil tracing, truck all machinery. Stocked With registered stock. mail orders coming in every day as the result of three years building a real business. I hope the right man, who wants a big opportunity Will get this farm and the busmess. I am ready to take a . smaller farm as part pawnent. If you are ambi- tions do not hesitate to write me, own this farm . and I am ready to listen to every proposition. ‘1 am sincrre in every statement I have made in this advertisement. I am known to theqmbhsher of the ,' Business Fenner and he used me to thus 133' all the facts before the readers of this publica- , tion hoping I may find the right man _‘who is looking for just what I have to offer. Write me ' fully, at once, if on are interested,.address BOX 231, in care of he Michigan Business Farmer. ' Mt. Clemens, Mich. MICHIGAN FARM, FURNI- , cows, 8 boss, poultry, tools, cream separator, implements, 50 cords wood in- ! eluded; prosperous neighbors, Schools to , = ches, handy to City and college; all tiilnble. land. apples . good 2-story iO-room lawn, large his-roof barn, gery etc. To settle .a airs 85,800 2,060 us Quick i toils and photo page 64 llus. Gate 02 1, Copy free. STROUT 9—— p es. M AGENCY. Ford Bldg” Detroit. 80-ACRE S. E. ture. 3 horses 8 814B 80 A. GOOD SOIL LAND '2 MILE FROM Hm; 8 room cement block onse. fumlce in basement; 44X40 basement, barn. A bargain for .some one part down. Canoe of aale,_ma.n and wife bo dead. Administration. sale. Write or call on P EB. PRICE. Hesperus, Mich. ~ ‘ - - IF YOUR FARM on COUNTRY HOME IS = .51’ sale. Write us. No commission cha ed. GLOVERLAN-n FARM AGENCY. Powers. lch. '30 scans coon HOUSE. 40 "amino do dues and water ed for muskmt . ._ t or sell. Inqmr' "ho 2 2, ‘ mi: Bitislness firmer.“ l a x 3_ “is .= i” «we ' ‘ spirin Say “Bayer? and Insist]: ' . blow. spring months. ‘ Only” about halter the 1922 crop has been shipped to . date. which means that the railroads ‘mrrst supply practically every, loading point in the state with: about one '(Continngd from into consumers hands. ' An illustration of how serious the car situation is is available at Remus. Shippers at that point. are about. the hardest hit of any point along the the Pere Marquette. On Jan. 1, 1923 Remus had loaded ‘out‘b’? cars of potatoes as compared with 159 cars on the same date a year ago. Many Speak at Meetings Speakers at the series of meetings which have been in progress for the last three days included Clark L. igan State Farm Bureau; C. 6. Wells, of Cadillac, general manager of the Michigan Potato Growers’ exchange; Gifiord Patch, marketing specialist of the Michigan Agricultural college; Dr. Eben Mumford of M. A. 0., and Attorney W. B. Fast of Big Rapids, County Agent M. F. Jackson and 0'. S. Wood, Barryton banker and di- rector of the Michigan Potato Grow- ers’exchange, arranged the meeting. eetings were held at Remus, Weldman, three in Barryton terri- tory, .Rodney, Mecosta and Stan- wood.——D. L. Runnells. " THE TRUTH ABOUT HENRY FORD (Continued from page 13.) I There are three more paragraphs attacking Mr. Ford on this score, which I‘ shall omit—not wishing to weary the reader. The advertise- _ment continued: “Sacrifice? What about the sac- rifice of American soldiers if this German pet of Henry Ford’s sees fit to delay the production of Lib- berty motors and the making of aeroplanes, as he is in “a position to do? How many American lives have already been sacrified in aero- planes tampered with by German agents? If Henry Ford puts so much faith in the German Emde after all he knows about him, is there any reason why he should not put the same faith in the German Hohenzollern? Since Henry Ford is so. fond of this German pet of his, is there no place in his large estab- lishment where he can give Emde work to keep him out of the way of temptation to serve his father- Iand, as many other Germans have already served in this country? As Mr. Hughes says: “ ‘THERE HAS BEEN' A LAXI- TY A‘T THE FORD PLANT WITH RESPECT TO THOSE OF GERMAN SYMPATHIEiS‘W’HI’CH IS NOT AT ALL COMPATIBLE WITH THE INTERRES’I‘S OF THE GOVERN- MENT." ” ' The advertisement went. on at much lengthvalong these lines, em- phasizing various paragraphs with heavy type. Then it said: “It. is now plain to every voter in Michigan that Henry Ford is no more wary of Hun agents than he was when he followed Rosika ship three years ago. He is as in- nocent as ever. “If Carl Emde, wishes to make plans and photographs of the Ford plant or the Liberty motor for use by the enemies of the United States, Henry Ford is willing to give him a. chance to do it, just as he fell for Madame Schwimmer’s pro-German peace plans. “Henry Ford loves the Huns too much to be trusted with a seat in the Senate of the United States and help make peace with them. Com- mander Newberry knows them for what they are and is helping to fight them at every stagewi the game. ’ “There can be but one choice for wide-awake American in this elec- tion.” a The Ford campaign manage?! were taken completely by surprise. The Liberty motor work, the par- ticular department attacked, the best piece of work that Henry Ford had accomplished, and- the Republican letter was a staggering the damage- dqne lay in an,--Imme— diate replyhth'rough“ I m pap'rs obj-tat. “grimy-.pomj _ ‘ of ti ecia ‘ ', . ‘V ere, car a day in order to get the tubers" Big Rapids-Grand Ledge, division of. Brody, general manager of the Mich- ' Schwimmer to Europe on the peace» was. The only hope of offsoting' : the fM’onday" headwaters war. may, ho had morning. .sisxiefl .. 35. editor-111mg: .01 ifthé” v DatrOit News" {and who had been .. government inspector: in seven De- . troit factories engaged in war work, was.in charge '0‘! all‘the Ford cani- paign statements given to the press. (Continued in ,Feb 17th issue.) was: HUNTED wort/mi": . (Continued from page 8) “tion of herself. events lightly, not omitting those parts which appealed tohim as being very near to comedy. ' ‘ In spite of his eflort to rob the affairof its serious aspect_ his re- cital had a recided effect upon Joanne. For same time after he had finished one of her small gloved hands clutched tightly at the pom'mel of her saddle; her breath came more quickly; the color had ebbed from her cheeks, and she looked straight ahead, keeping her eyes from meet- ing his. He began to believe that in some way she was convinced he had not told her the whole truth, and was possibly displeased, when she again turned her faca to him. It was tense and white. In it was the fear which, for a few minutes, she had tried to keep from him. “They would have killed you?” she breathed.“ “Perhaps they would only have given me a good scare,” said Aldous. “But I didn’t have time to wait a‘hd find out. I was very anxious to see MacDonald again. So I went through the window!” ' “No, they would have killed you,” said Joanne. “Perhaps I did wrong, Mr.’A1dous, but I confided—a. little ——in Peggy Bluacton last night. She seemed like a sister. I love her. And I wanted to confide in/ some one—a woman, like her. It Wasn’t much, but I told her what happened at Miette: about you, and Quade, and how I saw him“ at the. station, and again—later, following. us. And then—she told me! didn’t know how it was frightening me, but she told me all about these men—Qu'ade and Culver Rann. And now I’m more afraid of Culver Rann than Quade, and‘I’ve never seen him. They can’t hurt me. But I’m afraid for you!” At her words a joy that was like the heat of fire leaped into his brain. “For me?” he said. “Afraid—for me?” “Yes.' Why shouldn’t I be, if I know that you are in danger?” she asked quietly. “And now, since last night, and the discovery of~your sec— ret by these/men, I am terrified. Quade has followed you here. Mrs. Bladkton told me‘ that Culver Rann was many more times dangerous than Quade. Only a~little while ago you told me you did not care for riches. Then why do you go for this gold? Why do you run.the risk? Why~—” . He waited. The color was flood- ing back into her face in an 'excited, feverish flush. Her blue eyes were dark as thunder—clouds in their earn- estness. . - “Don’t you understand?" she went on. “It was because of me that you incurred this deadly enmity of Quade’s. If anything happens to you, 1 shall hold myself respons- ible!” “No, you will not be responsible,” 'replied Aldous, steading the tremble in his-voice. “Besides, nothing is going to happen. But you don’t know how happy you have made me by taking this sort of an interest in me. It———it feels, good," he laughed. For a. few paces he dropped be- hind her, where the overhead spruce boughs left but the space of a single rider between. Then, again, he drew ‘up close beside her. “I was "going to tell you about this gold,” 'he said. “It isn’t the gold we’re going after." He leaned over until rested on her saddle-bow. “Look ahead," he went on, a cur- ious softness in his voice. “Look at MacDonald!" v r ' The first shattered rays of the sun were breaking over the [mount- ains and reflecting their glow in the" his hand . valley. ~Donald MacDonald bed lift-A ed, his (taco to the sunrise; font. trom‘ under “his battered hat the morning breed, wing.,thronsh.:jthe mic ‘ $1.?th .. _ .._ .. He described the, Perhaps she ~ I. I » his mother, ‘of the other gold—seekers. ,mmwm glam; ‘t ’s. takingsm MacDonald. ing a. grave—for you. other gravefis calling MacDonald. I . am goingfwith him. years that blessed _old wanderer ahead of us has loved a dead woman, would you? You a Wouldn’t think that for nearly half a century, year, in and year out, winter and summer alike, he has tramped the northern mountains—a lost spirit with but one desire in life—-—to find at last her . resting place? And yet it is so, Lady-- .' I guess I am flie- only living . - creature to whom he has opened his gray. heart in many a leng year. A hund- red times beside our campfire I have listened to him, until at last his story seems almost to be a, part ’of my; own. He may be a little mad, but it is a beautiful madness." He. paused. “Yes,” whispered Joanne. —John Aldous.” . “It’s—hard to tell,” he continued. “I can’t put the feeling of it in words, the spirit of it, the wonder of it. I’ve tried to‘ write it; and I couldn’t. Her name was Jane. He has never spoken of her by any other name than that, and I’ve never ask- "ed for,the rest of it. They were kids when their two families started West over the big prairies in Conest- oga wagons. They grew up sweet- hearts. Both of her parents, and died before they were his "Go on married. Then, a little later. father died, and they were alone. I - can imagine What their love must have been. I “have seen it still liv— ing in his eyes, and I have Seen it in his strange hour—long dreams after he, hastalked of her. They were always_together. He has told me how they roamed the mountains hand in hand in their hunts; how ‘ she was comrade and chum when, he Went prospecting. his lonely old heart to me—a great deal. He’s told me how they fised to be alone for months at a time in the mountains, the things they used to do, and how1she would sing for him beside their camp—fire at night. "She had a voice sweet as an angel]. I remember he told me once. Then, more thafi forty years ago, came the gold—rush away up in the Stikine River country. They went. They, joined a little party of twelve—ten men and two women. This party wandered far out of the beaten paths And at last they found gold.” - Ahead of them Donald MacDon- ald had turhql in his saddle and was looking back. For a moment Aldous ceased speaking. . “Please—-—go mild/said Joanne. (Continued in Feb. 17th issue.) ‘LIK'ES IT IFROM COVER T0 COVER Enclosed find renewal. You have made no mistakes, my paper has been regular and I have on many occasions received more than my money's worth by one art- ricle published‘in each issue. Your paper is instructive and educational from cover to cover. Wishing you success, Edwin Cordery, Kent County. . NEW LAMP BURNS 94% AIR ° Boats Electric or Can I A new on lamp that gives an amaz- ingly brilliant, soft, white light, even better than gas or electricity, has been tested by the U. S. Government and 35 leading universities “and found to be superior. to 10 ordinary oil lamps. It burns Without odor, smoke or noise—no pumping up, is ,,sim.ple,._c‘lean, safe. and.6% common kerosene (coal oil), Tlie inventor, AIR. Johnsonkggp 1 . , north. * ;. refer. ‘- And it’s not the gold’that ‘is‘taklng- " It is Strange. .almostt‘fli un’believedly strange—ewhat 'I am, gov 7 ing to Fell you. .. Today we are-seek“, And up thereg. two hundred.» miles in the north,ran—¥..i' It just happens“ 'f that the gold is there.‘ You‘ WOuld-i‘r n’t guess that for’ more thangforty« He has opened ‘ Burns 94% air ~ ‘ to send a lamp‘on 10.. days FREE 7 trial, or I even. ‘to givairionb FREE“ 1.) ._ ,~ . j. the first user in .eachigcgmy 5mm 116113511111!" intrpduce " - today for full A FOR YOUR PROTECTION! ' . HE following 'Fire Insurance Un- derwriters rules should be pre- served and studied. The pro- per installation of a radio set is not a fire hazard—but if the rules are not followed, you may lose your in-. ‘ a; aurance, no matter what, the cause _ '; of fire may-bei—Radio Editor. '. ' ’ . Radio Rules—National Electric Code The following requirements gov- erning the installation of radio re— ceiving and transmitting apparatus were placed in effect on 'April 29, 1922. For Receiving Stations Only Antennaz— ‘ a. Antennas outside of buildings shall not cross over or under electric light or power wires of any circuit of more than six hundred (600) volts or railway or trolley or feeder wires nor shall it be so located that a fail- ' ure of either antenna or of the above mentioned electric light or power wires can result in a contact between the antenna and such electric light or power wires. / Antennasshall be constructed and installed in a strong and durable .manner and shall be so located as to prevent contact with light or power wires by sagging or swinging. Splices and joints in the antenna span, unless made with approved clamps or splicing devices, shall be soldered. Antennas installed outside . of buildings are not covered by the above specifications. Lead-in Wires_;-—- , b.. Lead-in wires shall be of cop-, per, approved copper—clad steel ,or other approved metal which will not corrode excessively and in no case shall they be smaller than ,No. 14 B. & S. gage except that approved copper—clad steel not less that No. 17 B. &'S. gage may be used. Lead—in. Wires on the outside of buildings shall not come nearer than four (4) inches to electric light and power wires unless separated there- from by a continuous and firmly fixed non—conductor that will maintain permanent separation. The non— conductor shall be in addition to any insulation on the wire. ‘ Lead-in wires shall enter buildings through a non-combustible, non—ab— sorptive insulating bushing. Protective Devices:— c. Each lead—in wire shall be pro— vided with an approved protective device properly connected and lo- cated (inside or outside the build- ing) as near as practicable to the point where the wire enters the build- ing.» The proector shall not be placed in the immediate vicinity of -easily ignitable stuff, or where ex- , posed to inflammable gases or dust or flyings of combustible materials. The protective device shall be an approved lightning Aarrester which will operate at a potential of five hundred (500) volts or less. 'The use of an antenna grounding switch is desirable, but does not ob- viate the necessity for _the approved protective device required in this sec- tion. The antenna grounding switch if installed shall, in its closed posi— ‘tion, form a shunt around the pro- tective device. ' Protective Ground Wires:— d. The ground wire may be bare or insulated and shall be of copper or approved coppervclad steel. If of copper the ground wire shall not be smaller than.No. 14 B. & S. gage, and if approved copper-clad steel, it , shall not be smaller than No. 17 B. & S. gage. The ground wire shall ‘ be run in as straight a line as pos- sible to a good permanent ground. '- Preference shall be given to water -piping. Gas piping shall not be Iised for grounding protective devices. other permissable grounds are grounded steel frames of buildings or other grounded metallic work in the building and artificial grounds shch as driven pipes, plates, cones, r etc. . _. r. ~~ The'ground wire shall be protected " against :mechanicai injury. ' An Ap- mp shall be, used nd -- mess ‘grouknd cla \ permanent ' homes, manner and shall not come nearer ' than two (2‘) inches to any electric «light or power wire unless separated therefrom by some continuous and fime fixed non-conductor making a separation. This non- conductor shall be in addition to any regular insulation on« the wire. Por- celian tubing or approved flexible ' tubing may. be used for encasing wires to‘ comply with this rule. Receiving Equipment. Ground Wire: f..- The ground conductor may be bare or insulated and shall be of copper, approved copper-clad steel or other approved metal. which will not corrode excessively mnder exist- . ing conditions and in no case shall the ground wire be less than No. 14 B. & S. gage except that approved copper-clad steel not less than No. 17 B. & S. gage may be used. The ground wire may be run in- side or outside of building. When receiving equipment grbund wire is run in full compliance with rules for Protective Ground Wire, in Sec- tion d. it may be used as the ground conductor for the protective device. RADIO PHONE A11) T0 CROPS EVELOPMENT of the radio tel— ephone broadcasting service'will save the country millions of dollars in the saving of crops that might be lost through lack of knowl- edge of unfavorable weather condi- tions approaching. Heretofore the farmer has gone ahead more or less blindly in the harvesting of the crops, only to have them destroyed in the fields by rain snows, etc. Many of thesa farmers, more or less isolated-from the Cen- ters, were unable to get the inform- ation in any time to’ be of use. Farmers, however, like many Others, are getting radio sets in their and listen intently to the broadcasting stations. With the co— operation of the weather bureau, both government and private broad- casting stations are sending out the weather reports twice daily, so that the farmer by his fireside and many miles from the cities can. sit in his home at night with some degree of certainity as to what kind of weath- er he will meet with. Radio telephony as a medium for the dissemination of weather fore— cast: warnings and information to agricultural interests became a real— ity during the past year. With the introduction of radio telephony the the interior has increased enormous- ly. On July 7 of this year there were 98 station in 35 states broadcasting ' weather forecasts and warnings daily by radio telephone. . It has come to the attention of the government that .thousands of farmers, realizing the importance of these forecasts, have installed radio sets to catch this information, be- cause they realized that knowledge of what to expect in the way of weather Would save them many times hund- reds of thousands of dollars. The weather bureau does not own or operate any wireless equipment. The radio distribution work is ac- complished through plants operated by other government agencies, by corporations and by private individ— uals, and_without expense to the weather bureau. ' Be careful that you trace every con- ~ nection through carefully, and) that your connections are correct before you turn on your current. A burn— ed out vacuum tube is no good, and a new one will cost you $5 to $6.50 each. With care a tube will give from 500 to 1000 or more hours of service. There are bed-time stories from. some broadcasting station every night for the childrern. Are you en- joying them? - W —WELL anasniierrn M. B. F. I am my check for $1 for :we ml, r . 011. ~ I halvlepltaken our, one 7 year-y and am we eased * m l i. , Lapeer County, IS F. Burbs-am. e um ‘ . am " ' , 4 the worms. and you will muscle. They willing. any age. -< O S g ['11 m It helps them. shed their winter’s coat, whets their appetite, tones up their digestion, cleans out the bowels and kidneys, drives out: Feed your workers Dr. Hess Stock Tonic team before you that can do an honest day’s work, Without a pant or a tremble of the Excellent for mares in foal—and colts of GUARANTEED. Tell your dealer how many horses or mules you have; he has a package to suit. 25 lb. Pail, $2.25 Except in the for West, South and Canada. Honest goods—honest price—why pay more? DR. HESS & CLARK Ashland, O. 151' Sprzhg Mir]: ' Time will mean money to you, Mr. Farmer, one of these days -—when spring comes on, when the sun begins to shine. The acres you plow, or harrow, or sow, each day will depend entirely upon the good condltion‘ of your team. Condition them now with a course of DR. HESS STOCK TONIG You can feel it on the lines soon discover that you have a will be there for business—and I s _p e n t :0 W a in perfect my this Tom'c Gunner Hess M.D.. D.V.S. 100 lb. Drum, $8.00 (w. . Sendno money PICK OUT AT 0" PRlcEs GO UP WH Study the list carefully. out and bring in 00159 and from Los Ange , obtain' the matenal for e hundreds of REMEMBER WE MA will close Y 0E AS WHEN HE AL ER dufifiwAgiodggtlhnficfiahnm‘ F THIS M NOT PAYING JOBBERS, WHOLESALERS non ncni‘fs‘é‘s'i»'h8%¥§%i’$fini°ml$‘én‘llf ' BUILD YOUR OWN LONG RANGE RADIO! WE HAVE A SURPLUS OF FINE PARTS 0N HA -0RDER TO RAISE MONEY QUICKLY WE AR'ED AND IN YOUR RE UIREMENTS FROM THE IOUN GOING TO LIST BE 1 WE VIOW “1 ’1‘ OF CASH E THEY BELONG! Portland Malno. If few dollars that you unmet guard 30 a very will reach 1,000 to Price Ply Advertised t rice] Postage on nrrivn MUST HAVE IS It contains every thin reed rte from all over the conga-y, {Simulla'gako a mam 0mm tha" w," reach Gal. to Couvor. B. c SLASH PRICES “ D ORDER BY MA REALIZED THE to Havana, powerful a set, you am ‘1,~100 miles bringing in l—llandsome Rabbated Cabinet for __ . Prio. 6X21 in. panel, finished in light, L’éfiflafe “11183131 Condenser... 1g, golden, dark or flsmish oak mahog- 19___Phone Conden n enser . . . . . . .. , amped maple (red) or black walnut ~0__Lm_ge Fold Bser . . . . . . . . . . . .. .20 stained gray e -——secnrely packed S 310 11 m Be'n r0010 Power Horn 3m: if. “183"1‘" “it: Mimi} 21—Westem Eléc'ci-s"séad"1‘>xaa.;s" $38 on an put together and stain in 22_(;00d 3000 Ohm Headphones H 5.10 y t 15 minutes Solid oak only 2 00 23-8631 Finish Panels—genuine h'o‘n'. ' ' Jthgbis comes so much cheaper. be: ' fihrfi‘wabSOlUi/ely dielectric—«built in cause (1 the swim in packing ex« mm" *0 Prevent Warpln —3-16 in. mm.) thick—handsome, unbreafiable. won’t 4—sme as No 2 knocked down.. 3.co 31“”: finger marks: Ham 1/8 in.— 5—Inrgc 3118 Perfection Varicmeter 2.50 5 79%}?1 'i'n- — - -. - . . . . . . . . . . . .55 (Eggsr‘tsirgomplcm to make same (cx- 8a *9/ ‘xél in::Buill§ 3 $3333. . 7—_ reel.)l sure. ionisigt', . ion-z. range 2 5° 24:):Hffftdflifle Sign hails—346 in. ' vanooou er— a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sewerage?- balls—3% in.———gen- 2° 25—nsandsome 15 cent Black binding 40 mu m c any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - ' - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9figanoco'1dupller balls—3% in. gen- 20 2 ‘8 ndflome 10 cent black binding as 9 W1 (merry. . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - ~ - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Jumfiflwr Stag/omrgum to 30 27;;Hand‘wmzerblack 1 in. knobs— 03 a. ve , per so 0 . . . . . . .. . u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . ll—Varlometer hardware complete. .30 28mtgme black 13~16 in. knobs— 0’ 12—Audio Frequency gmnsgormer. . . 3.1g 23,_Peflectio:§l}2fiél. .Sfithi]. 1 . . . . . . lav—Radio Frequency runs ormer. . . 4.0 3 __Ph°ne k . . . . . . _ 14—-Rheost’;t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31“ 11:9 . . . ‘ '_‘d‘(lu'b‘le I oiydle-SI 7‘ 15-— V. . cet . . . . . . . . . . . . .. \ "hone CHingb ‘ ' 16—43 Plate Variable Condenser. . .. 8.00 ‘ value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . if“??? . is? .50 We also have about 2.000 handsome. Bed crystal detectors that w ‘ . glass enclo out cheap, as we are some out of the crystal set busineu. .pnoe I Michigan Rod and Lever Com CORNER FRONT AND GLINTON STREETS Pally, IL Cuba, .50 TMAN m: g MT. CLEMENS, MICHIGAN HOPER SEND—NO—MONEY 033:3: PAY‘POOTUAN PRIOE nus PROPER nach Poona: son SALE—NORT ’ own i“ PLANTS AND SEEDS SW00 Clover cleaned. "3180530 I) sun]: on. HENRY BAUKNE . B. Misha urnwaannv run-r PER 1‘“st M°h~ ' ~ ' m, m g “.115 i3. as 3:: when midis best m . ‘ ludiu three smswssnnv PLANTS FOR one. can. u s tram a... d 1 a gfi'firfig , .. his“??? Mon . . . 44%" r poo Evsrb rers 15,0 per' ’ red. ‘ “'1‘ “warm I. ; 1 cannot NIMWWQHS3W”W SPRING SUMMER ENSE Jim: at Worlds % LowestPrices! IMM you ever saw! would be possible. ' send for a copy. We Serve3 IN THE WORLD -- L BE P 01' return your money lo be without 1:. , l" l l _l I . 1|, ' l I. l 7mdd Deporonejnt -. 201 - aficogMII. l Philipsbom’s, Dept. 33‘9nrsarv Style Book FREE! Forget all you know about mail order catalogs—for there never was one like (his! PHILIPSBORN'S 312-page 33rd Anniversary Style Book beats anything The immense variety of newer! alules— the vast exle of the savings—are simply overwhelm- ing t breaks all records for sensational ba aim! Get your co y—FREE—and you wil save more money t an “on ever dreamed Styles Have Changed! Om Approved by mm cm: So difierent are this year's styles that .he wo- man who doesn'twanttobeau owes it to herself to be posted on the styles. Irene Castle, famous movie star and dancer and America's fashion authority, says- "PHILIPSBORN’S 3 3rd A nnllznarv Stu le Book excels them alland ofers wonderful lngs. I advise every reader of this magazine to " a 0 American Families! 3 millioniamilies save money by shopping here. We want to nerve I million more in I 923. We have just completed new build- ings giving us 40 per cent increased space, so that we todav are equjfiped to give THE BEST MAIL ORDE SERVICE WIL ROMPTLY. CAREFULLY” AND ACCURATELY FILLED. ' ‘ lMillion DollarsAnnually We don't want to put our customers to the troubleandinconveniencc of figuring express or mailing charge, so we pay it ourselves t costs us one million dollars a_ year to prepay. Be sure to share an these (army! Our'Money-Badi' Guarantee! We not only guarantee complete satisfaction but we also refund return delivery charges. And don't forget ' we guarantee Lowest Prices in (he _Wor J. Jan! Coupon 01' a Portal Today! Write orsend coupon today for this Book ' of Wonder Bar ains. You juslcan'l afoul emember, Easter is Early—- April —Send coupon _or postal TODA I H'ILIPSBORNS 9 ck number 800- Million EVERY ORDER 1590 201, Chicago,Ill. I Please send copy of PHILIPSBORN'S Style | and Shopping Guide for Spring and Summer. I 3"". f I r \ . ,. DON’T SAY DON’T MOTHER writes and asks me how it is possible to keep from saying, “don’t” to children. We agree that it is annoying‘to have some one, any one continually say- ing it.just naturally sets up. a feel-, ing of irritability and a desire to do thevery thing we are told [not to do. It is a. perfectly natural trait of character and that is why educators say, “Don’t say don’t.” We are dealing with human nature and must take it as it is. If we can say, do this, instead '01? don’t do that, we are taking. a step in the right direc— tion, do not seek to take away with- out ~filling the gap. Nature abhors a vacuum and children abhore to be idle and idleness is not safe either for children or adults. You have heard how Satan seeks idle hands to carry out his purposes. Management is always better than discipline, managing is preventing the wrong, discipline iS managing af— ter the wrong is done. Children must have many things to interest them, and we must in some way get the best of the situation by planning things out for them and keeping just a step ahead. Make their occupa-’ tion legitimate but let them play in their own way, we may give them the opportunity but can not. and should not supervise their play, they know how much better than we do. When my children were very young I tried 'to teach them respect for all material for all their pos-‘ sessions, toys, clothes, furniture, not only their own but other peoples, to allow a child to wantonly destroy anything not wise, in the first place everything has some use, there is no “junk” these days, and a habit of destructiveness or carelessness is apt to stick to one thru life. I do not believe in punishing a child because he has offended you, nor in showing anger toward a child, that is not judicial, just let the wrong deed come back on the door, do not interfere between the break- ing of the law and the penalty. Na- ,tur never does. If you put your hand on a hot stOve, it will be burned, if you read in a poor light for long, you will have a headache, the penalty for straining your eyes——we soon learn to be careful. Let a child learn that if he breaks the laws laid down by a kind and understanding parent that he will surely in one way,or another sufier for it and he will soon reason out for himself that it is much pleasanter and safer to keep the regulations of the house- hold, especially when he realizes that father and mother and all the rest come under discipline as well as himself. The laws of God; the laws of our country, the laws of our state all must be obeyed, for only by that method do we any of us have peace, security or liberty. . Here is a question, Do you, dear Reader, believe in‘giVing the reason for a rule or do you just say “be- cause I say so?” It would be inter- esting and perhaps profitable to' get any expression of opinion from some thotiul mothers. THE STORY OF DENTAL DECAY ’l‘ is difficult to explain how teeth decay without using names and words that are hard to under.- Stand, but every intelligent adult should have a reasonably correct idea. about it, in order to help the children to have sound teeth. , Decay of the teeth always starts from the outside surfaces, never from the inside. The surfaces that decay most frequently are first, those between the teeth, where one tooth touches the other, second, in the fissures or rough surfaces on the toms of the teeth where you chew, and third, close to the gums where food clings to the border of the.gums. Meat will not cause the" teeth to de- cay, because,- when it is decomposed by germs, an alkali is produced and the enamelbf the‘teeth'is not at; tected by an alkali,,'———-an alkali is just the opposite lofan, acid; The ,tliéiil-"pl‘flc’e: nun can Del 1 . Ahépartment for‘the W n . l ‘ Edited by MRS. 'GRACE NELLIS JENNF enamel of the tooth is‘ made of crys- . t’al-like rods "and between them is a. ' ce‘ménti‘n“ V substance " Which h‘o‘l’ds , :. mama dissolved by acids, especially by lac—_ ‘ tic acid which is very easily formed. fromsugar. When mill? becomes sour it is caused by germs decomu. posing'the sugar in the milk, pro- ducing lactic acil which gives the. milk its scurriaste; Starch {nods if allowed to remain ‘in’the rumiqu can be changed to sdgar by an in.- gredient inthe saliva. The sugar can then be acted upon’by the germs in the mouth and can be changed in- to lactic acid, so that it can 'be easily seen that to leave starches and sugars on the teeth for any length of time is to. produce.some lactic acid which can dissolve out the' cementing substance between the enamel rods. But in order that the acid be Strong enough to actually dissolve the enamel it has to be held against the tooth surfaces for some time. . Using silk dental flassand a good' tooth. paste or powder every day will do much toward preventing de- cay by keeping the teeth clean. Both of these cleaning materials are rather expensive and on. that account I wrote to Dr. Gibson of the Michi- gan Department of Health for direc— tions for making a cheap and good powder. Here it is I have tried it and found it splendid. The cost was 65 cents and the quantity about a, pint. Place in a quart Mason jar the following: Finest grade ~Eng1ish percipitated chalk, 1/; pound; pow- dered castile soap, 1% ounces; light carbonate of magnesia, 1-3 ounce; oil of cloves, 46 drops; oil of winter- green, 35 drops; oil of sassafras, 35 drops; oil of‘peppermint, 18 drops; saccharin, finely powdered, 4 grains. The glass top should be securely fastened and the contents vigorously shaken. Let stand 24 hours, shak— ing from time to time to hasten the mixing process. PARENT TEACHERS AGAIN OW are the Parent—Teachers ' meetings coming along inthe rural schools? Not 'so many years ago American :flIDS TO GOOD DRESSING ALI thought mysélf indeed secure, So fast the door, so firm the‘lock; But, 10! he toddling, comes to lure , ,unnpmr " ‘-. My parent car with timorour _' " knock. ’ _ . A ' My heart were stone could it with-_ _. - stand ' - The sweetness of my baby’s plea, .That . “Please let, me iii—“eith only me!" ' I threw aside the unfinished book, 1 ' ’ Regardiess of its'tén‘ip‘txinggcharms, And, opening‘Widéthejdobryl. , 'My laughing; darling in "rny"arins:‘. Who knows but in eternity ' I, like a truant child, shall wait The glories of a life to be Beyond the Heavenly Father’s gate? And will the Heavenly Father heed: The truant supplicating cry, ‘ As at the outer (1001- I plead, “ ‘Tis I, 0 Father, only 1!" Eugene Field.’ society was largely rural and Simple in its organization, and in that day" the school was nearer home. The teacher was most frequently a son, or a daughter of the neighborhood or of an adjoining neighborhood and knew and was known to practically every home from which the children» came. The school curriculum Was elementary and well within the knowledge of the average patron. The parents knew what the school was aiming at. ' How great the change. Today in by far the majority of our communi- ties teachers drop out of the un- known. They are strangers foreign, frequently indifferent and sometimes hostile land. They neith- er know the homes nor are known to the homes which they serve. The curriculum is complex and often well—meaning with the purposes and methods of the schools which they support and their children attend. These things ought not to be. - The school is the. biggest collec- tive undertaking of our communities. by law every tax payer must con- tribute to its suppo't and parents are legally compelled to send their children to school. In some c0m- munities from twenty to forty per ct-nt‘ of every data" paid in taxes goes to the support of the ‘schoOls.‘ For Simplicity, Service and Style Address orders to Mrs. Jenney, Pattern Department, M. B. F. Watch for our new Spring styles, order your catalog now. - Catalogs 150. Patterns 12c. FASHION BOOK NOTICE Send 120‘in silver or stamps 1923 BOOK OF FASHIONS, showing , Children’s Patterns, a CONCISE and COM- DRESSMAKING, ALSO SOME POINTS FOR signs of Ladies’, M'isse'S’ and PREHENSIVE ARTICLE ON THE NEEDLE (illustrating 30 of the various, able hints to the home dressmaker. A New and Stylish ' Frock .5256. .With the ‘ waistline gracefully normal, and _w1th . simple pleasing lines, this Style features a very attractive frock. It may be of wool crepe, or of crepe (1e chine. In linen, and other wash fabrics it is also desirable. The Sleeve is a now close fitting model, that may finished in wrist e l b o \v length. The Pattern is cut in 7 Sizes: 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, and 46 inches bust measure. 38 inch size requires 4 7-8 yards ,of 26 inch material. The width of the skirt at be or the foot is about 2 3—4 yards. . A Popular Style 4009. This is a very _Servioeable model.-*«~It may .be made of linen, voile or batlste or of flan- nel or silk. It is nice in net, or chif— fon, as s. gulmpe, for "Jumper" or “sleeve- less” dresses. 1 I z The Patter-his cu youthful, and .be- coming "to most fig-' 1 urea. ‘ ' ~ .in' for our UR-TO-DATE SPRING and SUMMER color plates, and containing '500 de-' simple stitches) all valu- A Jaunty Top Gar- ment for “The Boy" ’4248.‘Here is just the coat to make a boy comfortable and to keep him warm. The fr'o n.ts are double breasted. The sleeve is in raglan style, with roomy armscye. S e r g o , Cheviot, tweed' and other coat materials may be used for this design. The Pattern is cut in 4 Sizes, 4, G, and 10 years. A 6 year size requires 2 1—8. yards of 54 inch material. A Simple Popular Style 4239. This is a pretty suit model, and one that may be worn With 'a. separate skirt. C‘repe, satin, tricolette. and crepe de chine could be used, with braid or hands of embroidery for decoration. The side clasing and pretty’ neck line are The Pattern in out 1 . 7 Lsizéis; 3.4,. .33. . 46 l b 'r are timorous, baby knocking, ‘and , took '- ina- sum V mznmnoozeebwdn QQQQQSQSQS‘ AEHSQQSQ :té'db‘i‘ Ebthmtima‘rri - render. >18. an efiective agency for the dis- ~of iciness an .\,pathy and understanding between the parents, and teachers and it all leery to edpl'e’sr money and the children’s me. . School superintendents and' teachers do not pretend to omni- ,.science,;biit on the contrary they are painfully aware of their limitations, and ‘good parents too feel their in- Each group needs the encourage- ment and help which the other can The Parent-Teacher Club ' norance, the thawing si’pation of the creation of sym- works for ~the benefit of those con- . cerned. ~ A PRACTICAL SUGGESTION E farmers wives, can earn extra money by selling your eggs, buts ter, etc., to .private parties liv- ' ing in town or city and get retail prices for same. The women are pleased to get nice fresh produce and in no time you will have a nice trade. 'About two weeks before Thanks- giving I took my little book and pen- cil and started down one city block and in less than one hour I had orders for 9 dressed chickens and 2 live ones, I dressed them this way. 'Scalded and picked the feathers off. then weighed them, figuring them at 30'cents per pound. Then I singed them inside and out in fact scrubbed them with a brush using warm water and soap, then quickly rinsed them in cold 'water, washed the liver, heart, and gizzard and put inside and hung up to drip, and dry. delivered and oh, how pleased \the twomen were, I delivered them the . efficiency to deal wisely with the ’ boys and girls that bless their homes. ’ s They ‘were all ready for the oven when day before Thanksgiving and they" gave orders for Christmas the same day and they kept on wanting more and still more. Those~I sold were all young roost— ers about six months old. I am a Woman 60 years old and any woman could do as I did. My customers are all in one block. I sell eggs at the same time or any other articles I have to spare, I drive to the city in an auto and have time to shop. Try it sisters. I should like to hear from some readers who like to piece quilts. I have some pieces that I do not need, ‘percale, gingham and plush and would be glad to exchange for any thing useful. . Here is my recipe for Liver Sau- sagezl pork liver, 1 heart, and any bony fat and lean meat, usually the head, wash and boil all together un— til the meat falls off the bones, then " put thru the grinder, salt, pepper, __and sage, if you like. Mix thorough- ly with your hands and pour a little 'of the strained liquor over but just enough to moisten, not enough to make it sloppy. Then pack‘ it in small bowls or cups until almost full, melt some lard and pour over the dishes of meat. The lard hard— ens and keeps the meat sweet, sau- sage may be done this way, it will keep for months. Then take off the lard and slice for sandwiches or table use, can be served with salad dressing. Hope others will try this. -——Mrs. G. W. Morgan, R. 3, Vicks— burg, Michigan. CARING FOR A FERN I have raised wonderful ferns, a Boston fern that was 12 feet in cir- cumference, I always gave it all the sun there was, in the corner of my living room I had a South window and an east window, just a nice place for a fern. I always kept it in that place and turned it arounds’o that 'it would grow evenly, I turned it » "' vA\ w or 9 H1113 acts at once chcdcsColds' 24Hour‘s "‘ \v m nines ofacoldtakcHillsCi inim. Quickto m. siesta lccold ‘~ h “ l / “last, beating them very stiff. Every, is , _ t'w gig. r y. year. one Whoicame , K fern they ever saw. I alwayswater it with cold tea, I have made tea when the family were drinking milk, on purpose to water my fern; Dur- ing the cloudy weathér of November ~ and December the plants do not re- quire. as much water but when the sun shines I usually water them once a day.—Mrs. H. C. CORRESPONDENCE COLUMN Dear Readers—~I want to acknow- ledge many letters that lie upon my desk, some I want to answer person- ally, others I want to print but can- not get 'them in this issue, each one' is appreciated and each one is read over carefully, I think in a near issue we will have the whole depart— ment given up to letters and com- ments on them, it would make in— teresting reading and perhaps bring us all a little closer in touch with one. another; You can be editors pro tem. How do you like the idea?——Mrs. Jenney. I noticed that a reader asks how to remove ink stains from cloth sacks: if she will soak them in kerosene oil before she washes them, then wash with soap and boil with some good washing powder the marks will all come out. If the reader wants a quick pan—cake recipe will use 1 level teaspoon of soda to 2 cups of sour milk adding flour enough for a thin batter or use a little less soda and a teaspoon of baking powder, will find them good—Mrs. I. C. B. —~«I use this recipe but add 2 eggs and a tablespoon of melted lard or butter adding the whites of the eggs This makes the cakes very light, the pro— verbial pinch of salt is always nec- essary.—~Mrs. Jenney. Readers have been very kind in sending in the poem, Lasca, copying it by hand. If it were not so long I would be glad to ’publish it. ‘As it is 'I have several copies and will send them to thoSe first asking for them.—Mrs. Jenney. Mrs. J. D. B.——As each sewing machine company makes it’s own at- tachment for hem-stitching it would be necessary for you to write to the company that makes your machine, they could undoubtedlv nive'you all the information you Wish. Who can tell us something about Patr‘on‘s Day organization, how long leaders are elected for and whether there are programs to be obtained. ———G. A. Mrs. Celia A., Gobles, Michigan.— 1 f If you will write to 'the United States Department of Agriculture, for’De— partment Circular 207, it will give you full instructions for making a paper dress form. Address your let- ter to Washington, I). C. There is no charge for these bulletins. The making of these.dress forms has been taken upby the extension work- ers in the various States. We should like to know whether sausage that is to be canned by the cold pack method should be made in— to patties ready for serving or should it be packed into cans in a mass? Do you 'know a better method for canning sausage? We should be pleased to have this question ans— wered in your paper.—Mrs. J. M. -——I' have sent for the latest method for meat canning and' will publish the directions as soon as received. Mrs. Jenney. In answer to‘ Mrs. J. A., Honor, Mich., issue of Jan. 20th, I wish to state that the most convenient way of labeling maple syrup cans is to use a small portion of the syrup itself to paste on label. This method is recommended—E. E. Pauli. The New Spring CatalOg will be issued about February 1st. As soon as it comes out I will fill the. orders that are on hand. It would be Wise to send immediately for this splendid new book, look it over well, choose the patterns you are going to need and orderlpromptly. -‘ Then'you ‘will have your, patterns all ready ‘ to use when, you want them. It always takes afiweek to get thepatte'rns th'ru. But‘o r'pattern’s sell so cheaply that :1. .n . aid— it was the nicest? d ; t9 ,_ Wait, .2; few, o “ ' that’s the big in. ‘. successful baking, r It determines failure or sub- cess in baking, more- . thananyotheringredient. ‘ If you do not always have satisfactory bakings,change to Calumet for just one trial. It is pure: containing only such ingredients as have been officially approved by. U. S. Food Authorities. Within the Calumet factor? 163 3- the largest and most : sanitary on earth-hundreds of skilled workers clad in white are busily engaged in lproducing the baking powder ‘tliat. is used by millions. Human .hands never touch it. ‘ Its sale is 21/, times as much as {that of any other brand. Pure in the making—pure in the baking. IA pound can of Calumet con- ‘tains full 16 ounces. Some baking powders come in]? r ounce instead of 1.6 ounce cans. Be sure you get a pound when you want it. BEST BY TEST W BAKING, POWDER 11m WORLD’S BAKINGPOIVDER- all Paper for An Entire Room Here is a big Montgomery Ward offer! A DOUBLE LENGTH roll of wall paper for only 6c. Enough to paper an entire room 10x12 for as little as 820! This . includes Side wall, border and ceiling paper. fig . Send for our new book of Wall Paper Samples and see the MANY i OTHER bigr values we have ready for you. It shows you our complete new assortment ~«grass-clot .s, tapestries, oatmea papers, leather patterns, fabrics. And all at prices to L ‘ ‘5: suit your pocketbook. Among the better grades, we have a big variety for only 50c and ? up per DOUBLE LENGTH roll. And remember, you get twice as much wall paper in one of our 16-yard DOUBLE LENGTH rolls as in the ordinary 8-yard single roll. _ E. Remus: Tins Wall Pane Contains over 100 Actual Samples Be sure _to get a copy of this book be- fore planning your Spring decorating. It made up of.actual large—sized samples. With each Side wall is shown a sample of the border to match. _Easy and pleasant to select your wall paper this way. Send for this interesting and valuable book today. Ask for Wall Paper Sample Book, No. 192300 Address our House nearest you. Montgomer CHICAGO soar woa‘rH KANSAS crrv EOR'TLAND one. \ “am-” ‘3‘ \\\\IV\\\\ [law/"W ’ 1. ‘II / ' ii i a " ' ‘ / \\\l\ lily/{111774 r SAINT PAUL. \ Demand Polar Bear Flour Positively Best Flour Mency Can Buy._ ‘ r/ ii w FLOUR - ‘rueNinRAmLuNBfl‘ Manufactured by The New Era Milling (30., Arkansas City. Kant. CentralStatu Managers, MARlON, 1pm,, . _ ‘x ‘ Inns. ‘ . W. . -‘Nfi"- . I . / ‘ o " It..'y?“;‘r, . , .4.» '.~/ if -‘ ‘ '0 :i . A Trial Bag will provc‘it! ’ \ .13 t how do... Kow Kare inercasc the milk yield ? Maybe you have beena regular user of How-Kare in treating cow diseases, but you may haw never fully realized that this famous cow medicine is being used regularly in thousands of dairies to increase the winter mill: yield. Both uses are equally logical. Cow Diseases— nearly all of them — arise from a lowered vitality of the genital and digestive organs. Kow - Kare ré- moves the cause by reaching these very organs and restoring vigor. The milk yield is controlled by the same set of organs. Dry winter feeds put a greater strain on their functions and produce a lowered vitality and yield. Kow-Kare, fed moderately and regularly, gives to the milk-making organs the added strength they need to offset winter feeding conditions. A greater milk yield cannot fail to result. The expense of this Row-Kare treatment is de- cidedly small. Most dairyrnen give a tablespoonful morning and evening in the‘feed, one.Week out of each month. The increaSed milk-profit pays for this a hundred-fold. — No cow medicine can equal Kow Kare for the treatment of actual disease. For twenty-five years it has been the standard remedy for Barrenneao, Abortion, Retained Afterbirth, Scour-s, Bunches, Milk Fevers Lost Appetite. . . . Sold in we Sizes—largepackaze $1.25: medium 65c. at feed» dealers, general stores. drauius. If your dealer is not sup- pl ed . we will mail, postpaid. on receipt of price. FREE Cow Book We publish a very valua- ble boolt on cow diseases called, ' The Home Cow Doctor" We will gladly‘ send you a copy iree if you give us your dealer's name DAIRY ASSOCIATION co., Inc. .u cmsements inserted unr‘er tnls Heading tor reputaol. breeders of Live stack at-speum. ..1 rates to encourage the growing of pure-,rreds on the farms of our readers. Our advertising PSI.) ls Thirty Cents (300) per agate line per Insertlon. Fourteen agate lines to the column inch or $4.20 per inch, loan 2% for a order or paid on or before the 10th of month followlng date of Insertion. UR AD AND WE WILL PUT IT I," TYPE see how man line: it. will fill. Address all letters Ir FCTOPV. l‘llCHlGflN Fl'leEsn FARMER M+. CLEMENS. MIOH. CATTLE ' HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 32 L9. SIRE—~80 LB. DAM—HERE’S A BULL bargain that will be snapped up quick, Born le'. 3rd, 1921 read for hlgit service, nicely mulrllged.d more l“: t s3 iblaghie f Se __ i , Sh “hm-n, ‘IS an). a grea gran «an r 0 mg (is 6 Iixorigmil. C3111.in?lticka 5? Sons. Williams— and Pontiac Komdy e, was 2nd ' 'h. "‘ '9#I;’3:i(.5¥w‘]‘ c_ Barney, Goldwater, iii M h. . 16—il‘tlfalld Chinas, E. J. Mathewson, FREE, to you ca BREEDEPS To .14.- t .. . “an... ..o ml; «lawn: 00" list the date of any live stoc sa. Michigan. If you are conelderlng a sale ad- vise us at once and we wlll claim the date for~ you. Address. lee stock Editor. M .2 F.. Mt. Clemens , Feb. Percher- te t . .79 lbs. nd 653.10 . ilk in 7 days and 124.21 lbs. butter and_27f{9 90 lbs. milk in 30 days. Bu“ _ 1c 1‘ B Ad . 1 lane 32 growls chai son 1}): Po1ntisc gfi ._.. ‘ ' . Witt ros._ man. an er, a . . can (2 am on. e - 17 “PM” Um” . dam of his site is also a 2nd rue Michigan Jemnys' Clyde Godfrey cow in the Senior 4 . old 7 day division in Mich. 1918 and her dam“ a 29.48 lb. . , ._1 Charles \Vetzel A First check for $250. 0 lets him f_ o. 1). song, Ithaca, Mir'h.‘ Whit. Pigeon, Mich. Pedigree and photo on _ 1__110]a%l Chine; Archie ward, Brock request AL3ERT a_ w‘ni'_ , e, 1 . v rest . 7—Htgl3e8ms. E. E. Butlers. 003dqu '30 "' wens st ' cmcago' "I c . . . 84%;:3 Whites. .Alexander 3: Bodi- mer. Vassar. 1" - . 13—Dur0c Jerseys, Scbafler Bros, 0): ford. Mich. , 21—»Aberdeen-Anlzus. Merrill, Mich. ‘ n and bulls. Heav produc' dams. Sire gigs gallium averaging near? 1.1ool'igs. on yearly trot. Free from «8.. 0.00 an . Russell Brus- wounma oamv "in! pg...» 6 Min. Mich. fi CROSS EYES STRAIGHTENEDI In One Visit, Without Discoir fort, Classes, Hospital) Chloreiona or Ether and Facial Defects Cozretterl By A Simple Method In Detroit, Michigan 7 ’ DR. W. C. WILLIAMS. C hicago’s Eminent Specialist in Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and All Facial Deformities . 20 rs has noticed in the leading Write to his Chloe ' once for an ' lat. 3331,5639 cfymiltirope I,snd America—former ment. including a. examlnaflon w in Unite-l States Surgeon. correcting deformities ' title clty which places you under no obi n. and defects egotlipt eyes atl'llld face weight-53$ DR. .w‘ CIWIW . - e c —— - . fileifi‘"§i’r‘imnt%2‘ 311113; eyielii snail fatally ‘ Sveclallst In! 0 lar I090 Ind Faolal mlties. an wi ‘ c n a pas 10!) e I r . . 2.3135: adew more cases while in omiilt. A» Suite 200.;State-Laks 163.. Gringo, Amman; OCT. CLEARANCE SALE. WE ARE OFFERING" _, inaniij 1921 ‘MBABIlE iNoREASE in SPRING I T PIGE NimoA'mp . HE'number of sows bred, dur- T ing the first six months of 1923 will be 13 per cent more than the number 0; sows which, actually. farrowed in the spring of 1922, provided farmers carry out their intentions as indicated in the Becember 1, 1922, pig survey made by the United States Department of Agriculture. For the 11 Corn Belt states the survey shows an intention to breed 15.6 per cent more sows than a year ago; Most of the south- ern states show an actual decrease, in prospect for 1923:— The probable increase in farrow? ings in the spring of 1923 over 1922 compares with an increase of 22.8 per cent in the spring of 1922 over 1921 in the 11 CornBelt states. The spring pig crop of 1922 in the south— ern states was about the same as in 1921. Comparisons for other states are not available. Whether or not the expressed in- tentions of farmers with regard to the number of sows t’b be~ bred to farrow next spring will be carried out will depend largely on'the rela- tive prices of hogs and corn, the De- partment says. ‘ An actual increase of 16 per cent in the number of pigs in 1922 over .1921 is shown in the December sur- vey as compared with the estimated increase of 14.5 per cent shown in the May survey. The number of pigs sawed per litter up to July 1, 1922, in the Corn Belt states is plac- ed at 5.8 as compared with 5.7, saved up to May 1.‘ This increase in num- ber of spring pigs in 1922, the De- partment says. The number of litters farrowed in the United States in the fall of 1922 shows an increase of 18.6 per cent over the fall of 1921. An increase of 27.8 per cent is Shown for the 11 Corn Belt states as compared with an intended increase in these states of 49 per cent in the number of sows to be bred for fall farrowing, as reported last’May. The survey shows that in the Corn Belt states 6.1 pigs per litter were" saved in the fall of 1922 as compared with 5.9' pigs saved from the 1921 fall litters. For the entire United States a saving of 61 pigs per litter in the fall of i 1922 as compared with 6 pigs per litter in 1921 is shown. The decrease in actual number of 1 pigs produced last fall as compared with intentions of farmers the pro. cecding May is attributed to the de- cline in hog prices, increased corn prices, increased losSes from hog cholera and other diseases, and of the publicity given the results of the spring pig survey made by the De— partment of Agriculture. Losses from hog cholera. and other diseases in the 11 Corn Belt states for the year Show an increase of 22.6 per cent over losses-in 1921. The Department received for this report more than 200.000 replies to questionnaires distributed and gath— ered by rural mail carriers in all sections of the United States where pigs are produced for market. The surVey is but the second of its kind that has been made and there has not yet been opportunity to» check any difierences that may exist be- tween the figures shown for the farms reporting and those for all farms. It is pointed out, however, that the forecast made last spring of an increase of 14.5 per cent in the number of spring pigs over the pre- ceeding year is being borne out by fthe increased volume of receipts at the principal stockyards during the past three months. The surVeys also show that the production of fall pigs in proportion to spring pigslhas increased materially during the past two years, thus making a more stab- ilized supply of pigs throughout the ear. ' , y The Department points out that increased production does not nec- essarily. mean an over-Supply or do- cline— in prices. Total receipts of hogs at all public smokyards'during .- ,the first 11 months of 1922 were 5- per cent more than in 1921. 'Dur. ing the last four months of 1922 the increase totaled nearly 20 per cent. The number of hogs slaughsered under Federal inspection flaring-the . mute periodiwas 7471 M e. W the 11 months. 'she give more milk? weight of pork and. lard -resi‘titl-itg , from this slaughter shows-an. in " crease of 461,246,080 pounds ff Deeplte these i . creases old storage holdings 0!. punk and, lard averiged considerably less " than during 1921 and prices mow-adv a substantial advance over 19211; The ' Department’s ~-expla.na”tlon for this. situation is that improved industrial ' and econmnic conditions resultedlu .5 an increased consumptive domnhd, and a 'muc‘hireer, current movement ,.; of pork and laid into trade channels. MILK PRODUCTION LOW I have a full blood Jersey cow, eight years old, fresh the 4th of November. She gives only about ‘nine quarts of milk a day, but a.‘ wonderful amount of cream. Should ' _ we just pur— chased her two weeks before she came fresh and she was recommend- ed highly. butter will not gather and I can do “nothing with it, which is a’ loss. xWe ‘ feed her cornstalks, carrots with ground oats and cornmeal. »W0uld be grateful indeed if you. can ad—,, vise me through your papery—F. B., Frankfort, Mich. ' . —~—It is very difficult matter to tell why your Jersey cow does not‘glve more milk this year without knowing more about the cow that youswga in your inquiry. I' cannot tell whethershe ought to give more milk or not. If Shebas given mom milk - in .the past, perhaps she is «imply ' taking a year off and cowp do this now and lhen. The fact that the. cow is~ eight years old may account for the fact that she is gradually giving less milk. Some cows are old when eight years old While others are not old until 12 years. " It all depends upon how they are fed and cared for'in early life./ There is no reasort why the cream .\ should not churn well, if you have \_ all the conditions right for churn-i lng.‘ The feed that you are feeding would not- affect the churnabélity of the cream in‘any way. The cream always churns better if allowed to sour first and during cold weather we know that it takes longer to sour than in warm weather. So if you have been making sour cream butter you should see that the cream is just as sour as it is in summer time or any other time when you had no trouble in making butter. This can be accomplished by putting' it near the stove to give the bacteria souring. It may be too that your cream is too cold when you start in to churn and it will only foam or- whip. The temperature for churn- ing at this time of yefi‘should be around 55 to 60 deg see, but is very easy to have the cream from 30 to 40st this time‘ of year and at this temperature you need not ex- pect the butter to gather very fast. Place tlre can containingr the cream in a but of hot water or allow it to stand near a stove for a while be- fore churning until "the temperature is right. These are the principal things that you have to guard. against in overcoming difficult churningat this time of the year.—~—~ ,0. E. Reed, Professor of " Dairy Husbandry, M. A. C. RATION FOR MILK COWS Would you please tell me a bal— anced ration for my milk cows. I have plenty of good corn silage. I would consider it had just about the right amount of corn in it. I also have plenty of good timothy hay but no clover, this will be their main feed with a little bean straw’ and shelled cor‘h stalks. plenty of oats. What should I buy to go with, it and what amountand how much shall I feed? Is‘buck— wheat bran good?-——T. 8., Sterling, Mich. Now, when I churn thew»? .e I have . _._.It is very difllcult to make up fin '- economical ration far- your, milk cows with the feeds-you have~on_ hand. Any ration. that has for its' V_ base as s‘roughage, timethy hay and corn, fodder withhut clover-her or alfalts' in it, isalways cupcake... 5' As nitration; howevergfer your cows; ' ' v I would Suggest the following: also. . they w_ ill clean“; l an read 999 ,‘Y _L-will 11nd this-l ‘ v . ,lns’iVe ration, but it you are so- ,g to make one that'will give the , w 'the nutriments she must have, i .where you' haven’t alfalfa ’or clover ay, you will find that the ration _ or will undoubtedly cut this amount : of grain down, but in- so doing the .-.cows ‘will either cut dov'vn their milk gilow‘or the good cows will take off [a lot of,,flesh‘from_their bodies to , produce milk andrcome out in the spring in very poor’condition. V . BuckWheat bran makes a com- paratively good feed. As compared 'vtoqwheat bran it only contains 2.4 ,pfi’unds protein. while wheat bran ‘contains‘ 12.2——-.O. E. Reed, Professor Dairy Husbandry, M. A. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS QF CARROT 1 " AND ONION , _W’hat is‘t’he chemical analysis of a carrot, also an onion? Are carrots '3. good dairy feed? How many should -3 be fed at one meal and how many mealsfi day? I have been told they . would kill a cow it given carrots ‘ twice daily.——-H. E. H., Alma, Mich. -—Th'e,analysis of the digestible nu: trients contained in carrots and onions is as follows: Carrots: Total dry matter in 100 pounds, 11.7;«crude protein, 0.9; car- bohydrates, 8.6; fat, 0.2; total 9.9. Onions: Total dry matter in 100 pounds, 12.4; crude protein, 0.8; carbohydrates, 9.6; fat, 0.2; total, 10.8. , Carrots make an exceptionally _ good feed; for dairy cows. They can v,‘ " be fed in quantities of 30 to 35 ’ pounds per 'day in two feeds along _ with plenty of good roughage, pre- ' - ferably clover hay or’ alfalfa and ’ with what grain the animals require. I would not advise onions as a dairy feed, while cows do eat wild onions in the spring and seem to crave them, very largely because .’ ‘ , they are one 01 thefirst things that . - T ' is green in the spring, we find that , - the milk is tainted with the odor of . ' the onions and as market milk is .. very undesirable and is not at an ‘ desirable when the cream is going to ’. J be made into button—40. E. Reed, {if Professor of Dairy Husbandry.' POLLED SHORTHORNS’ AND RED ' ~ POLLED What is the difference between a Polled Shorthorn and a Red Polled? I would like to know how they com- pare in size, milk, etc., with Dur- hams.—eL. O. T., ,Johannesburg, Michigan. _ :-—-The Polled Shorthorn and Red Pulled cattle are tWO distinct breeds, ., . the Polled Shorthorn. having been 3 5"”, . _developed in the United States and the Red Polled breed in England. “ The Polled Shorthorn and the Shorthorn, sometimes called Durham cattle, are of one and the same breed. The Polled Shorthorn is red, white, red “and White, or roan in color, .whereas the Red Polled is always red. " The Shorthorns are 1 larger, somewhat quicker maturing and of bettér conformation, as a rule, than "‘ .the Red Polled, I would say also that'the Red Polled is perhaps a ‘ somewhat better milker than the Polled Shorthorn, although there are strains of dual purpose Shorthorn cattle that are fully as good milkers as the Red Polled.'———Geo. A. Brown, Prof. of Animal Husbandry, M. A. C. COW TESTING ASSOCIATIONS ~ TELL TRUTH TO DAIRYMZEN- ' HE study of production records T of’large numbersof cows, made r possible by: the Work or a the a; ‘ many-cow-testing associations I that -;' theme been organized in almost every ‘ of the Country, has brought out a" va grist of iniormation on the pos- . sibilities of dairy-cow improvement .' on the efficiency of various methods and practices. The records X? of manuthousands of cows-have been I, ' gone over-in the last few years by " theguni d. States Department ‘ of Ag- 3. ‘-,~ , . ‘5'; p1,..eza1'7si to? the mghestrroducins . it?! demo or 5'9 pounds 11 v ...increase r of twill alwaysbe expensive. ' The feed: r From the ’lowestV-producing'grou‘p , teriat‘ production was ace“, ‘ ,1 day left. V Kipper‘ofl, so I ask you? Pat, if , you are» entitled. to a raise?” ' “bear ' 1 turns. assumptions: v its-mgr cent more. v-thau: thegav- - stage ‘ '11- the dairy" cows] in the “country. “The records . selection" 01 animals: and better meth- ‘ ods of feedi'ng raise averageproduc— tion rapidly during the first yearjorl two that the cow—testing association is-‘in operation, but the figures for subsequent years show small gains. - This is proof enough that there is still much room for improvement in the breeding of cow—testing associa- tion cows. ‘ Each year. more farmers realize the value of the testing association as a basis for herd associations, including 12,458Therds and 215,321 cows, as compared with 452 associations the previouslyear. Wisconsin and Minn- esota, two, of the greatest dairy States, showed great gains in testing associations. During the year the [number in Wisconsin grew from 103 _to 127, and Minnesota from 23 to 37. MILKING AND FEEDING TIME\,\ T has. long been a rule on well-\ managed dairy farms to milk and feed the cows at the same hours every day. Regularity was always thought to have a beneficial effect on production. However, experi— ments carried on by the United States Department of Agriculture on the Government farm at Beltsville, Md., have showu that cows of aver— age production milked at the same hours every day produced but slight— ly more milk andslightly less butter— fat than those milked at random, provided the feeding was done at regular times. When the feeding as well as the milking was done. at random hours the cows produced about 5 per cent less of both milk and fat. - __ VETERINARY __ I DEPARTMENT OURE FOR LICE Would you please tell me what'to use on cattle for cattle 1ice?—.M. E., Empire, Michigan. During moderate weather when cattle will not be injured by being wet, an excellent remedy for lice is any one. of the coal tar dips. We have used both Kreso and Zenolium with very satisfactory results, using about one partrbf-t—he dip to sixty parts of luke-warm water; applying it to the cattle with either a spray pump or brushing it in with a brush. Two applications at intervals of two or three weeks are necessary to elim— inate the lice and this will not do it unless pains are taken to cover all parts of the animal's body which the lice frequent. For use during real cold weather, an excellent lice powder can be made by combining equal parts of pow— ,dered naptha flakes, finely powdered tobacco dust and sulphur, which can be sprinkled onto the cattle—George A. Brown, Prof. of Animal Hus- bandry, M. A. C. ' An Irishman working for a Hew- brew asked for an increase. in pay. The Hebrew replied: “If you are worth it, 1 'would ~be pleased to give it to you. Now, let us see what you do in a. year, Pat. “We have 365 dam in a year; you sleep 8 hours every day, which makes .122 days you sleep, taken from 365 days leaves 243. INow you have 8 hours’ recreation every day which makes 122 days taken from 243 days leaves 121 days. We have 52 Sundays in a year which you have off, leaving you 69 days. You have 14 days’ vacation; take this off and you" have 55 days left. You don't work Saturday afternoon: ’- this makes 26 days in a year. Take this off and you have 29 days left. Now, Pat, you allow' 1 1-2 hours for meals, which totals in a year 28 days. Take this off and you have, I always give you Yom N I p . Pat the-n answered,"‘WelI, what have I been doing, then?” “ mods: Ann para-Ian-" Mr. Slocum—v4, am enclosin ' I 1.0 for which please enter my ‘ Subsg‘igitiog or 2 offer}...m‘ this: W , week’s today and, it was better than: when “(I _ sweater ,. .2 ‘ ' 1 show that - improvement. 0 On July 1, 1922, there were in op- ' .eration 51 digger, ~ or this Why is it that there . in use today as all and clean than any other separator. Lavals. itself. state. De Laval. NEW YORK, l65 Broadway you account Why? testing the skim-milk, and by experience, that the De Laval is the most profitable. know that a poor separator can soon waste all their profit and that a De Laval soon pays for The De Laval you use is built on the same principle as the creameryman’s. Of the exhibitors at the National Dairy Show use De Laval Separatols At the 1922 National Dairy Exposition an investigation among the exhibitors of purebred dairy cattle disclosed the fact that 86% of them use De Laval Separators. purebred dairy cattle are the cream of the world’s best dairymen—they know the best separator and use it. Laval cream also won first place in every class. Of the Separators in the lead butter state are De Lavals ~ More butter is made and more cream separa- tors are used in Minnesota than in any other According to an investigation by a prom- inent farm paper, 64% of the cream separators in Minnesota are De Lavals—almost two out of every three. ply drives home the fact that the more people know about separators, the more they appre- ciate De Laval. Of' all cream Separators are De Lame - ——~according to an investigation by a group of ~prominent farm papers of wide circulation. There are, still, many inefficient and worn—out , separators in use today which are wasting enough butter-fat to pay for new De Lavals. Get the most out of your butter-fat with a new See your De Laval Agent or write us. are approximately as many De Lavals: other makes of seprators combined? For ust one reason, which is based on the actual experience of several mil- ions of users over a period of 'torty years, who have found it the most satisfactory, in that it sklms cleaner, lasts longer and is easier to operate Of the best creameries use 1 De Laval Separators~ ' The creameryman knows the best cream Practically all of .them use De Because they have found by They These exhibitors of Butter made from De 0 A remarkable record——Which sim- The De Laval Separator Company CHICAGO, 29 E. Mullson Si. SAN FRANCISCO, 6| Beale St. FOR SALE—REG. HOLSTEIN BLILLS FROM A R. (l, dams romlv for service. WM. GRIFFIN, R. 5, Howell, Mich. FOR SALE—SEVERAL REGISTERED HOL- stem cows. bred in my Rag Apple sire. Tuberculin tested. Geo. H. Schlader, R. 2, Free'and, Mich. FOR SALE—REGISTERED HOLSTEAIVN cows give from 60 lbs. to 88 lbs. milk. $104) in £2170. Would like to Warm whore Would be iir-stvltlfi‘ ’ BACON BROTHERS, Plttsfor‘d, Mich. WNATIONA‘FA‘RMH For sale—2f) 110ml llorrletcrud llolstcins ’l‘. B. tested. 1 Registered l't‘rclmrnn stnllinn. 1 Register- ed Percheron more J. F. lady, Vassar. Mich. SHORTHORNS ~ iifihWiu“bouni-v"sHonrHonN BREEDERS offer the best in beef and milk strains. All ages, both sexes. W. S HUBER. Sec’y. Gladwln, Mich. HIEHlANfl SHflHlHflHNS We offer one red, low down, thick bull calf fifteen months old, also one roan calf fifteen months old. A bargile if taken at once. Also a few young cows \vitr calvesuai foot. C. H. Prescott & Sons Office at Herd at Tawas City, Mich. Prescott, Mich. A POLLED SHORTHORN HERD BULL 2 years old. Scotch ()rangeblussom Family. Fit to head any herd. Younger ones for sale. L. C. KELLY & SON, Plymouth. Mloh. FOR SALE—ENTIRE HERD 0F SHORTHORN Cattle. Cows, heifers. and cows with calves by side Priced to sell. ‘ B Satisfaction guaranteed. T. I tested. Write now. H. E. LIVERMORE, Romeo, Mich. \ Auction Duroc Jersey Swine , " 0N Tuesday, March 13, 1923, 12 o’clock We will sell Registered Duroc Jerseys consisting of 7~ BOARSuBS SOWS’and" GILTS Bred to “SENSATION MARSI” ' AT ' I VFarmeileseastofOxfordonRochesterRoad. V Catalog on request free: Mail, bids to Mr. R. Clark, Apply ,' it to Any Rupture, Old or Recent, Large or Small and You are on the Road That Has Convinced Thousands ‘ Sent Free to Prove This Anyone ruptured, man, .Woman .or child; should write at once to W. S. Rice. 408B Main St” Adams, N. Y., for a free trial, of his wonderful stimulating appli— cation. Just put it on the rupture and the muscles begin to tighten; they begin to bind together so that the opening closes naturally and the need of a- support or truss or appliance is then done away with. Don’t neglect to send for this free trial. Even if your rupture doesn’t bother you what is the use of wearing supports all your life? Why suffer this nuisance? Why run the risk of gangrene and such dangers from a small and innocent little rupture, the kind that has thrown thousands on' the operating table? A host of men and women are daily running such risks just because. their ruptures do not-hurt nor prevent them from getting around. Write at once for this free trial, as it is certainly a wonderful thing and has aided in the cure of ruptures that were as big as a man’s two fists. Try and write at once, usmg the coupon below. L Free for Rupture W. S. Rice, Inc., 408B Main St., Adams. N. Y. You may send me entirely free a Sample Treatment of your stim- ulating application for Rupture. Name Address State 0 18m A Remarkable Home Treatment 1 Given by One,Who Had It In the year 1893 I was attacked by Mus- J ruler and Sub—Acute Rheumatism. I sutl'ered as ~. only those who are thus afflicted know for over three years. IAtried remedy after remedy. but: such relief as I obtained was only temporary. .,~ Finn'ly, 1 found a treatment that court meg completely and such a pitiful condition hasf never returned. I have given it to a number who "" were terribly aillieted, even bedridden, some of' Rh them seventy to eighty yours dld, and the results Were the some as in my own case. I want every sutferer from any form of mus-_ culnr and sulrm-ute (sumlling :it the joints)f rheumatism to try the great value of my im-J rovcd “Home ’l‘reatment" for its remarkable ienlim,r power, Don‘t. send a vent; simply mail your name and address, and I will send it free to try. After you hare usel it. and it has prov- en itself to be. that long-looked for means of gettingr rid of such forms of rheumatism, you may send the, price of it, One Dollar, but un‘ derstnnd I do not want your money unless you are perlm‘tly satisfied to send 1t. Isn't that filir?‘l,l§ . Why suffer any longer, when relief is thus of‘ ‘5, fered you frm'. Don’t delay. A'rite today MARK ll. JACKSON 265.! llurston Bldg, Syracuse, N. Y. Mr. Jackson is responsible. Above statement true. .., x x,»£WWEWJ~W , s “'"A‘ FINE run con Made from Y0 II I" 0W II Horse or Cow Hide. We make this coat to measure from the hide you send. Write- us for special low price. « Any Kind of Skln . We make up any kind of skin to suit your needs. Also Ladlqs’ Coats and Furs, Robes. etc. We have been in the tanni business since 1878 and guaran- tee satisfaction E Book of styles of Men’s and Women’s furs. Writefor it today Reading Robe & Tanning Co. 116 East St. Reading, Mich. V Ilium”... L Is your own horse afflicted? H E E 5 Use 2 large cans.‘ Cost $2.50. Money back if not satisfactory ONE can at “.25 often sufficient. In powder form. Moat for coat N E N’s 2/:/r= Horses, Cattle and ‘H089. Heaves, Coughs, Distemper. \. ‘* _ Endigiestion. Worm elxpeller. ‘ ‘ 0nd tloner. At dea ers' or so 70"" “15 by parcel post. mi: NEWTON REMEDY co.. Toledo; Ohio , F swmsr ulircli I 5' kee t, given for seJling only 40 k *‘ ’ pac aofvegetahle orflowerseeds (mentionvwhich) at 10¢ per lune pack. Easily Bold— EARN BIG MONEY 0R PREMIUMS. Get samplelottoday. Send no money. wo trustyou till seeds are sold. AMERICANSEED o'o. 1.2::3;.‘.?.‘3-.. ‘4' . i . . x, 7. llRuptiirécl ’ I ' i v Try IbisFree A veterinary's compound for, : is 19 years old». ‘BAYING MOTHER'S BILL TEN-YEAR—OLD Oxford lad heard a, conversation about certain bills to be paid and conceived the idea of making out a. bill for his own services. So next morning he laid this statement of account on his mother’s breakfast plate: “Mother owes Willie for carrying coal six times, 20c; for bringng water lots of times, 30c; for going errands, 150.” His mother read the bill, but said nothing about it. *That evening Willie found on his plate the 75c and also another bill, which read as follows: “Willie owes mother for his happy home for ten years, nothing; for nursing him through a. long illnesss nothing; total, nothing.” . When Willie saw the 75c he wal pleased, but when he read his mother’s bill his eyes grew dim and his lips uivered. Then he took the money to his mother, threw his arms about her neck and begged that she would let him do lots. offthings for her. Mother’s bill is rarely present- ed, but it will pay each one. of us to think it over ourselves, and then settle in love and service. EAR Nieces and Nephewsz— The above was sent to me by Nephew Lee Valentine of Ox- ford, Michigan. It is so true that I want all of you to read it. Many times you feel that your folks ask you to do so many things, and particularly when you are play— ing’some game that is very interest— ing. I know just how it is. When I was a boy I was no better. I used to think that I did most of the work around home while all the work I did in one day did not amount to more th 11 two or three hours and sometimes of that much. It seemed that mother always wanted me to run some errand for her Just at the time I always wanted to play, and I felt just like asking for pay for the work I was doing. I never ask but mother dften gave me money When I did something for her and I greedily accepted it believing she owed it to me for my labor. Mother never presented her bill and it was. not until I was nearly grown-up that I realized fully what she had done for me. Father will do all that he can but it is mother that does most of the sacrincing. It is she who shares more closely all your joys and sor— rows. Do not be impatient and rude when she asks you to help her. Remember that many, many times mother sacrifices in more ways than one to give you some pleasure, like a. new toy or doll, or a party, etc. Do not present your bill to mother because it will keep you busy half way out of debt to her. What great man was born 114 years ago the 12th of this month? You have guessed it. I hope the day is observed at your schools in a manner fitting. If you are not go— ing to have a program why not ask your teachers to discontinue classes the last two hours of school and read about Lincoln to the pupils. I am sure if you get together and ask that, your tachers will be pleased to do this. St. Valentine’s Day will also come and go before you hear from me again. 'I' hope you all get many valentines. UNCLE NED. opn BOYS AND GIRLS , Dear Uncle Ned2—I have written to the M. B.’ F., before and I saw my letter in print. I have 5 brothers 1 and one Sister. Myyoungest brother He is in the Navy at theSubmarine Base in Panama. Ihad a" brother older than him in the iWorld War. He died IrOm the ef- fects »- of. diphtheriagsplfle enlisted when only 17 years old. We have ‘ school. lived in Michigan since I was small We lived in Iowa. before we came here. I am in the 8th grade at We have a fine teacher. Your niece—Myrtle Neumann, Glen- nie, Michigan. V- ' Dear Uncle Nedz—I am "a’g‘lrl --13 years old. and turbo ~7thzigrnde. (I. . ,r, 3"". us xi.fi‘-.~I-M‘:a"u‘nuvr<> ~ ~— Siii’rifmmfiawicx- < like my teacher. We had five weeks vacation. I had some‘fun the - last week. I went over to my cous- ins and stayed from Tuesday until Friday. Will scme of the. girls Write to me?—Ruth Ream, R. No. 1,, Clayton, Michigan. Dearest Uncle Ned—I have writ? ten before, but as you know, I have told you in my lastletter, that I have no dear mother, as I lost her last July 15, and it is very lonesome without her, so I am writing again. We have been playing in the snow today, to keep me from being'lone- some. It is very windy tonight. Last night it was cold. and frosty and to- day it looked like spring had begun. My birthday comes on the 18th of' November. I am 16 years old and I wish many of the, boys and girls would write. I haven’t written many stories but will try and write one today which I heard a long time ago. My mother has told me. Valentine Day will soon be here. Saint Valentino Here is one of the stories that have been told about Saint Valen- tine. Father Valentine was a priest who lived a long time ago. 'He spent his time in nursing the sick people and children, and comforting the sor- rowing. As he went among his people, the children, too, found a The child- ren liked to ta, with him and run by his side as e went from one house to another. Father Valentine loved all the little creatures of the woods and streams, and they seem— ed torlove him in return. The birds would come at his call and the squirrels would scamper dewn‘ the trees to take food from his hand. Years went by, and at last the good priest became too old to visit his people. How they wished to hear the sound of his footsteps at the door, again. How the children have missed their kind teacher-and the stories that he told them! Father Valen— tine was very sad because he could no longer go about from home to home. Father Valentine soon found a way by which he could still be of use to those he loved. ,As he sat in his room‘ he wrote the kind words which had always made his visits so full of good cheer. Every day he sent loving messages near and far. They were carried by boys and girls who had learned from him to be happy in helping others. Soon his friends began to watch for the kind words that were sure to come to them whenever they were in need of help. Even the little child— kind and helpfim‘friend. ‘ting long and t‘i m] sure Fatheeralentine, send ‘me 'a. letter, today.”.l Afte_ j, -time the good father passed aw from earth.- ‘B‘ut'he 'Waslnot forgot ten. ,_ Each year, when the folurteenithv _ ' ‘ 11 ,. of February comes around, we s,“ keep his birthday. ‘ 1' We” as my Story is 'gettingjldfiié ‘ L so will close with a little ver'sez‘ Think of the'lonely, remembérumtheég sad, ~ “w$ , z; Be kind t. the poor, make every 116 " glad, \ . On good ‘old Saint‘Valentine’s day. ——-Miss Elizabeth .Kleido,,- Elkton, Michigan. - - . > - r . . 1 Dear Uncle Ned—I have been reading the Children’s ,Hour for, a. few years. We had frOsty weather for a few days. Today it is warmer and the snow is melting. made about six sno'w men today. Two are"_a2)out six feet tall or taller. We have: been out with our pony for a ride. We have a new pony cutter. and my sister Elizabethhitches the pony to the cutter and away we go fer a ride. I am 13 years old today, January 18. I have three sisters and four brothers. The oldest is 17 years old. As my letter is. get- wish many" of the boys and girls would write to me. I will close with best wishes to Uncle Ned and all the rest.~——Miss Vir- ginia Kleido. Elkton, Mich. Dear Unble Ned:—I have been a silent reader of the M. B. F., for some time, and am very much inter- ested in the Children’s Hour. I thought I’d write for the first time. I am a girl 13 years of age; and a blond. I am in the eighth grade and I like to o to school. There. are 40 pupils in our school. I have; ' 2 brothers, both younger than I.——- Lucille Richards, Bad Axe, Michigan. Dear Uncle Ned:———I would like to join your merry circle. I never have written 'before. My father the M. B. F., and I like to read the Children’s Hour very much. I am a girl 12 years old and I am in the 6th grade. I live on a. 100—acre farm, one—half mile, from town and I go to high school. My birthday is the 6th of 'July. Good-bye Uncle Ned.——'Wilma McTaggart, S i l v e r — wood, Michigan. . Dear Uncle Ned:——I am a farmer’s. boy 4 feet and .1 inches tall, I weigh 80 pounds and am 10 years old. I am in the 5th grade at school. I think Evelyn Grundy is about 13 years old. school. There are 20 pupils in my school. I enjoy reading the M. B. F. I have one sister, she is in high school. I hope to hear from the boys and girls. I will say good—bye, from your nephew.——,Thomas D. Blair, R. No. 1, Box 64, Vestaburg, Michigan. ' ADDITION ; 3V WALTER WELLMAN K. \. THAT poEbN‘T LOOK 30 HfiRD. Answer to .last puzzler; .Bee. Ant. Emmet. See if you can use numbers where dashes appear, and complete‘the _ Sense of what is written on the blackboard. ' ' numbers, add them all together, and give the 811111. “There are After you have submitted» Seven-allies, Beet O or ‘ n: when they ‘Wercfé‘lil' would l‘tsafip We have . takes . * . I have 40 rods to go to '7 ‘14 r MH.LA-AI.A -'_..A-.—_a--- v. 1. n a ll‘ 21‘ .e _ 7. r. .1‘ :1? e 0 ‘4 . ‘i'mvi ’0§“CD (PCPCDWT'HI'HN v' I‘VWH‘VUJWLUWCPQ Vyvv—fiv—Ip—ug ‘3: _;is,_.as_ betas—{vol pen' of pure-breds, _ no matter Keeping Up the in the fall and early winter and gradually increase the monthly production until in April and May they may average two dozen eggs per hen. After the spring flow the average per hen begins generally to drop very fast unless special care is given the flock. The flocks roam about the farm and are supposed to find their living about the farmstead. They may for a very short time, soon the proper food for egg—making has been con— sumed, worms and bugs become scarce, hot weather comes on, mites multiply and inevitably the hens stop laying, just as the cows go down in milk when the grass gets short, flies are plentiful and the weather is hot and they seek the shade. There should always be egg—mash, or ground feed in a,hopper to supple- ment the food that may be found about the farm. Skim milk, or but— termilk, should be supplied, or meat scraps to take the place of the de— parted worms that burrow ’deep in the ground when the weather is hot and air is sultry. Grit, oyster shells and charcoal must be supplied just as in the win- ter when the flock is confined. Many poultry houses are uncom- fortable day and night. Filthy, hot, with air fouled by accumulated drop— pings, poorly ventilated, full of mites, swarming with lice, how can the flock do otherwise but quit laying in self respect? A flock of 90 hens laid 53 eggs on July 14th, but they were properly fed and kept busy during the day and comfortable at night. The flock had a grove with plenty of shade to work in during the day seeking the scratch feed that was scattered in every nook and corner for them to find. A well balanced egg mash in a hopper, a moist, crumbly mash feed in a trough at noon day, plenty of cool, fresh water and buttermilk to drink, and grit, shell and charcoal always at hand. ' It is easier perhaps, to keep a yarded flock up to a high percentage of production, but a farm flock may be so managed as to avoid the heavy farm nook commences, laying slump that is common witthhe ordi'—, nary farm flock. _The dairyman can keep his milk flow by the use of soiling crops when the grass gets short 'nd the flies. pester the herd day an night. ' . The farmer can so feed and house as to keep the egg flow up to 50 per cent and by systematic culling con- tinuevthe high percentage thru the summer months. With such feed and care mentioned eggs of splendid quality can be produced throughout what the breed, are about ment any business farmer ever makes. 7 the season until the molt begins in ' earnest. Hoppers :.for- egg mash are not found‘ on many farms. So'me flocks are not fed out of hand for three or ‘ four months in summer, some flocks must find all the _water they have and spend the nights in a house that l,_1_iot enough, while We a ct out of the barn of- a high hill ‘ the best invest- Egg Production your flock more comfortable day and night? They will repay you in more eggs to eat and sell.——Farm, Stock and Home. EXORMOI’S “'ASTE IN EGGS HE waste in eggs in the United States every year amounts to nearly $50,000,000. It is esti— mated that 17 per cent of all the eggs produced in this country become un- fit for human food before reaching the consumer because pf careless methods of handling. . We should help to prevent this loss by producing infertile eggs, by not letting hens nest on the domp ground, by keeping the nests’ clean, by not washing the eggs, by being careful not to 'crack them while handling, by gathering eggs daily, by storing them in a cool, dry place and by marketing them at least once a week—twice a week if possible. Few people understand that eggs are almost as perishable as meat or milk. They belong to the same class of food, but because they are en- closed in a hard shell, many of us think they will stand any kind of treatment. We will need poultry and eggs. We must produce and conserve them. CHICKEN POX (AVIAN DIPH- THERIA) AND ROUP ONTAGIOUS epithelioma, chick- enpox, avian or fowl diphtheria, canker, contagious catarrh, roup, cold, simple catarrh, swelled- head, etc., are terms used to desig- nate various diseased conditions of fowls, the most prominent symptoms of which appear about the head. This array of names is very confus— ing and is due to the practic of nam— ing pathological manifestations ac— cording to symptoms without taking the underlying cause into consider- ation. Leaving aside non-infectious diseases and using the etiology (the cause) as a basis for our nomencla- ture, we find that the lise of names given abdve represents only two' dis— tinct diseases, namely: (1) contag- ious' epithelioma, commonly called sorehead, chickenpox or fowl diph— theria, and (2) roup, which also has various synonyms such as colds, swelled-heads, etc. Some authors distinguish between chicken—pox on one side and diphtheria on the other as if‘thelatter ones Were etiologic-r ally identical, but no experimental data support this view, while there is abundant evidence to show that chicken-pox and avian diphtheria are caused by the same organism, and that roup, whichin its name resembles colds in man and, higher animals, is etiologically distinct from the former.. Chicken—pox and'avian or fowl diphtheria are simply two difierent forms of the same disease the scientific name of which is con- tagious epithelioma, epithelioma meaning a tumor of epithelial cells. Cause-—This disease is \caused by‘ a so—called filter'able virus, 1. e., the organism is so, small that it Will pass through a dittomaceous earth filter, and cannot be seen underthe most highly :magnifying microscope- The m a he found infighe stabs- in I I to 1.0 snip Q i’.‘ Here’s M reatt Her on ,«. (3053:? 23, orld FamousDetroit Incubator I it is—my worldLbeating low price high-grade guaranteed hatchet. I’ve usual low prices right to the bone. Why worry alon your old makeshift machine, when you can now get a new Detroit at rock-bottom price? Look where you will, you won't find hatching equipment that has higher quality than I build into Detroit Incubators. You waste money to Compare prices and see what you save. pay more. Satisfaction or money back. The Detroit is equal in every way to incubators costing twice The Detroit has double walls, hot water heat, copper tank, no cold corners. big nursery, auto- my price—yes, and even more. maticregulation thermometer that can be easily read With- out opening door and held in horizontal position so chicks cannot break or knock it down when hatching. Many other features that insure big hatches of strong, healthy, vigorous chicks. Capacity 140 eggs. Equally successful on duck and turkey hatches. DETROIT INCUBATORS and BROODERS represent the accumulated experience of 18 years devoted to perfecting a hatching outfit that would be as near 100% eflicient as money and brains can make it. My low prices are possible only because of big production and my direct- to—you selling plan that cuts out all unneceseary expense. Why wait and wish for big poultry profits when I place guaranteed equipment within easy reach? This is the year for you to start. Egg and poultry priceslare still high. . Act Now. My l40-chick brooder is another big bargain. Double walls, hot water heat, strong and durable, yet light and easily handled. A practical brooder in every detail. Will prove a big help in raising your brood and increasing poultry profits. offer on a. cut my g with 4 Freight prepaid east of the Rock- ies — north Tennessee, and allowed to ints beyond. Incuba- tor ship complete—all set up and ready to use except pulling on the legs. I make it easy for you to get ' started in the poultry-raising $ business. My record-smash- .— . Both talk oi the country. Think of it! A complete hatching and chick raising outfit— Dctroit Incubator and Brooders—worth $25.00 of any- this value anywhere else in America. Order direct: from this ad, orsend for catalog containing complete descriptive iniormatiori on both incubator and Big Combination Offer ing combination offer is the body's money for only $17.50. You can't duplicate brooder. Write today— sure. DETROIT INCUBATOR COMPANY Dept. 10 Detroit, Mich. Men’s l5 - inch sale "lice Agents , a I j . «a Washes of! easily.Fitsovcr Shoe.and many t as aknee hoot. We could sell ll) car- men wear i loads at this price If w size uin . so extraordinary 0 had them—but there is \ ONLY A LIMITED SUPPLY—SO GET YOUR ORDER TO age write Out Before you turn this I nzen cold Win- youi: order. A half a US QUICK! ' turn will come and go before you get another bargain that can equal this. SEIlD R0 MONEY—PAY 0N ARRIVAL _ Just write and tell us what size to send. Pay the postman on “ . arrival—and WE INVITE you to return them to us and get every at once if you arenot completely plea Mlnneapolls, fllnn. em: 6 to I2 my W“ grant No. 443 Costs less In Hatch Radio Round Incubator: has 16 wonderful. patented features: practically Self—operating. ' ay takes care of everyt ing. One filling of lamp to hatch. Big tank holds 5 311.50“. Saves time.saves ail,soves money. Big bookabuutRadioRound Incubator sent free With O express prepai . . RADIO R UNI) INCUBATOR C0. 322 Woods Stu Wayne, Nob. [KAI a at“? r AA SAV I guarantee you a clear eav- ing of 25 to 30% on Fence. Roof- ' / ing and Paints and! pay the freight. Get my “l OUT PRICE CATALOG . Learn how half a million former! save bi money by bu ing their ' , acting and Pa nts direct log Now . 1'"! BROWN FENOI O WIRE CO. ‘L M 3903 CLEVELAND. OHIO Raise Silver Foxes Most Profitable Livestock ‘We sell outright or for monthly payment- within you reach. rite NOW. SILVERPL'UME FOXES Boa; @310: .. K‘3‘fll‘a‘. "a \ GORDOII BATES 80.,- Dept. 232 More Chicks--- Less Cost This broader is a chick-saver and a money maker. It raises more and better chicks, at less cost than other brooders. Stove is best in the world to hold fire—air-ti ht and self— rcgulating. It burns soft coal—tile cheapest N roocler fuel—perfectly. uts u m fuell cosfis in Ihalf; Sttfve will] s ( ,l V-- x. 830 um ar coa. woo . a, coke, etc. Regulator main- ill tains even heat night and ,— day. No trouble. Sizes ‘ f for 5 or I000 chicks. ,3 , "' Low priced Write TODAY. F.M. Bowers & Sons Co. 1416 W. Wash. St. “ - E991ncubator$ d 30 Days Trial Freight Paid east of the J ‘ RockxesJ-Iotwater co - " per tanks—double walls—dens I mu I air space—double glass doors . l - —n real bargain at $18.25. Shipped complete, set up ready to use. 140 Egg Incubator and Broader - $17.75 180. Egg Incubator Alone - - i— 15.7 180 Egg Incubator and Broodor '-'22.oo 250 Egg Incubator Alone - - - 22.75 250 Egg Incubator and Broodor - 31.00 Made of California Redwood—lasts lifetime. Positively the best value on the market today. Order the size you yvant direct from this ad. 80 days trial—money back if not pleased. It not ready to order now, don't buy until you get our new 1923 catalog. IISGOISII IIGURRTIIII 00. Ich138 Raolno. WIS. ONE YEAR ,_ IOPAY . $44“ in? ii. new Butterfly 1;. No. 2 3:": ,mulnz. my attains. Ef‘gY _ g dill.“ new concert-VI “1.131119%? r four “a ' has: “’1' “:3 Avrmxm‘ . = - hen. laying. vied nonalwm :and Bfiwn L‘oghqrngb t : .‘an'ed ,so‘t'taso- 08-; o. fa per_100 "£03132: an ' »Oh'l:k'|,' - a6 vilified. .twfi /. hatehe mooem m x ‘ full live arrival gum-a . safe in ordering irect from th nteed kink ad N0 have our careful personal attention; WE rWANT YOUR so. so . 1 . nd come packed and armed. “Verse? rmsfismrins ' e em w flusmnss. cits. , . wmsrnom FARM a anonzmes. Io! H s. Mend. mme GU A RA N T E E D 'c HICKS iHatched from High Laying Quality Fowle on free range. properly fed and housed to y ,- s. more strong Chick BARRED ROCKS. S. WHITE WYANDOTTEg, BUFF WI'II'I E'. » BROWN' an . REDS. MINOROAS, ANOONA8.50 ROCK . o BUEF' LEGHORNS... so; 160. 15‘; 500, 14 ciao; 100. 1a; 500. 1a ''''''''' .'50.'sv.so; 100. $14: 500. see \. Postpaid to‘-your door. 100% live delivery guaranteed. Catalog free. Bank, Reference. MORENCI HATCHERIES, Box B, Morencl, Mich. Member I. a. o. A. GUARANTEED CHIC Full 100% STATE INSPECTED Flocks. live arrival guaranteed. Postpaid. Personally inspected and hatched from PURE TOM BARRON STRAIN WHITE LEGHORNS, 50 KS ' $8.50; 100, $18; 500, $11.50; 1,000, S130. HEAVY LAYING BROWN LEGHORNS. 50 I 100 15: 500 $11,;38 S 2. 500, cease; 1.006,“ 5 $180. ; 1,000, $140. SELECT ANCONAS, 50, $9: 100, 10%, OFF THESE PRICES ON ORDERS RECEIVED BEFORE FEBRUARY 15th. Get our fine new catalog, it’s fr e. W int careful attentiog. e 8 WE Reference, Zeeland State Ban 1your business and will give it our most URAL POULTRY‘FARM, Route‘1 B. Iceland, Mlchlgan M EADOW BROOK FARM omens—mm" WE ‘F23;§“2§i.':2€£'ie‘fs%'f° I ; tlon Straln) , 1 ROCKS, REDS. BUFF Leononlls , 5 (Heavy Laying Flocks) WHITE WYANDOTTE successfully f e 0 ‘ears and KNOW HOW. I hard to please you. Free Gite 0g. Bank Reference. MEADOW N8 (Holland Importa- 1. 15; 560, 50,$$U;10 317'. P tpa'd, Se cted Heavy yers. order now _ m. I have berm producmg good Chicks want our business and Will try HOOK FARM, Henry Do 00 Free, Proprietor, Route 1 H, Holland. Ilch. Member Michigan B. c. A. HARDY, HEALTHY, MICHIGAN CHICKS li‘mm heavy laying well selected 100 3: 500, 82.50 1 $1 I 1.000 1,000, $127.50. , well-fed and housed (fonditiorl, irisug'inlg YIGORQIIS CIéICKS F(‘)Al;t"?1ITER L 1‘ in s m t e o ovnng vane L88 an prices: . U u $120. ANOONAS, 50. $7.50: 100, $14; 500, $65; ostpaid, full delivery guaranteed. fowls in best vigorous breeding US'I‘OMERS. That is what you sget d B OWN 7' m; LEGHORNS. so. We want your business and WANT TO HOLD IT wire: werdoEget it and will endeavor u t t (u 'rl t. 0 i, n w ri it frnn"’this ad and ) ma V) “U “er 0 Cit‘ir1 State Bank. CITY LIMITS.HATGHERY, Box M, THEM. Reference, Holland H M WHEN YOU WANT Holland. Mich. Only 5 hours to Chicago. Can reach any pomt m Illinous or Wisconsin in 24 hours. (3 H I C K s $12.00 per 100‘ and U 100% ICEs—-WHITE. RRED ROCKS, S. c. and R. . ‘ 70. WHITE WYANDOTTES. TRAIN ANCONAS strong. livable chicks that will make a ORDER DIRECT FROM THIS AD and Bank. BROWN and BUFF LEGHORNS, 50, c REDS, AI‘CONAS, 3. WM! E ROCKS WHITE MINOROAS, 50, $8.50.; 100, so, so; 100, $11; 800 60 a 1 heavy laying flocks that SAFE ARRIVAL GUARANTEED i3; 100, INORGA and BUFF 136; egg, so. ORPINGTONS. 'nre well fed and cared for, insuring profit for you. POUTI‘AID TO YOUR DOOR. .. . SAVE TIME. Catalog free. Reference, Geneva _j’-__ THE GENEVA HATCHERY, Box 605, Geneva, Ind. HILLVIEW HATCHERY GUARANTEED TO ARRIVE an BROWN , 1,000, $120. Heavy Layln EXTRA GOOD BARREDTROCIIS, 50, gli‘ustpaid to fines are kept on free range, properly (‘hicks to live and MAKE A PROFIT. Strong and Healthy. Chicks from WHITE LEGHORNS d 50 . $80; 1,000. $155. the selected heuv LEG NOR S laying, Hogan tested flocks. ENGLISH 50 $7' 100, $13; 500 62.60; .5830; 106, 13.50; your door and full_hve,del1very guaranteed. our fed and cared for insuring the vigor necessary _1n Give us a trial and you Will come again. HILLVIEW HATCHERY, Route 12 E, Holland, Mlohlgan n7...— QUALITY CHICKS ' r r ‘ tion. ' A ful breeding for heaiy 9L}: plotluc ‘ 10 “mm mre'gornns, well—hatched clncks at fallowm ’1 . 01', vi B’i‘elibh‘ns, SELECT, 50, $8. SELECT, 50, $9; 100, $17; 500 SELECT, 60, $1; 0, $13.50 100 $14.50; 600. $70. Postpa I d tocd’. Order direct from. this ad. nary an breeding stock and spccral mating Uncks. T 00, GUARANTEED. tested, free range stock. Our plant is modem 65 From‘ Hogan _ acre poultry farm. SELECT,_ 50, $1.50; ' 3, '1 door and 1007 live delivery guaran- ui m Wm get them when" you want Get Our Catalog. Reference 2 them. Also Banks. "' OWNLINE POULTRY FARM, Box 21, Iceland, Michigan —SAVE MONEY . commence on your investment in 312:2“??? 5 months from the time you re- ceive your strong I’flll‘e Brgdstrgickéngrflrtr‘i I ' free mime nrmso . . WhltdmLeghor-ns, Anconas, Barred Rygclis. All breeders inspected aindkamfi‘rotvslrh md e g: breeding )m‘ o I. I, . Singing forg guamnteed terggégegxer‘vb‘filgy. '. \Vritc tor 11y. Igaqrmfmnoute 2, Box T, Zeeland, Mich. 1 Hardy Northern Bred Chicks . c. w. LEGHORNS Bum" Sisraln BARRED ROCKS The 9mm" x“ pm‘h‘tie’Sect‘éfiwEl Heavy mntgrnlxlergt the Michigan 0‘“ pen- 1 Contest. International E ésllfi'mgammme Get Quality ch? ’ . ' 10m Holland a pioneer 535135, f farm. Catalogue free. Pine Bay Poultry Farm. Box 56, Holland. Mlcb. BABY CHICKS White and Brown Leghorns. Single and Rose’Oomb Reds, Bufl Orpingtnns, Books Ammes. 100 ’Box STONE HATCHERY, I. ll Barred and W111 Plymoth ’ cc and 1ll-Pe'morr’v', w w. Mllllken, Mg . and White Wyandottes. $15 per 44, Mich. P. Cured Her - \ Rheumatism from terrlble expel-lance the cuff», b rheumatism, n. J. I: HUM“ lama “yea: E. Dou Isa-ems. cm; "°°""""°"i .l": of. 3? “stunt tall: . a . , _ cw negate" all other sufferers lust how to d of thelr torture-by a “male payout Known . A null!” nothlna to sell. Merely mill ' wiggwxnome and address, and she wlll gladly send 0 thls valuable Juror-mourn ‘mtluly . mo. Ivi'ilsor-w-‘nwgbnm,m ferret, Attentlon Guarantee: Egg Producers Tom Barron. Imported a: White “ ‘ Leghorn: Sheppard Famous ‘ Anconae Direct . , \ . _ nd selected flocks on free. mnge' bllllt fled: from la ng contest Winners. Strong vigorous ch ks that will prove great layers. Flocks culled by poultry ex- perts and headed with vigorous pedigreed mules. Send for catalog and prices on our « wonderful egg producers, it's free. Refer- ence, two banks. . SILVER \VARD HATCHERY Box 420, Zeeland, Mich. ‘ KERLIN QUALITY Enellah-Amerlcan S. 0. White Leohorm Chicks from 265-270 Em; Strain stock and Pedlgreed Stock from 2.0 O. From Arrival Guaranteed hi: on orders laced promptly, Book-of va noble information to poultry 1213+» ers Free for the said We , , ,. ,. it. Drop us a. mrd , ht now ore-you for. get it and let us to you more about this truly wonderful strain of layers. f v) Member International Baby Chick Arsoolatlon KERLINSBWGRAND VIEW‘POULTRY FARM' ' Box 45. Center Hall, Pa. A Breeding Institution ofmerit since 1900 we. HAVE SHIPI’ED Tuoueanni ' . m . 904 . _, . cm TE: .> . ,mwn 001 -, ;g§$,rtree at 4‘ _ . some ..to task World’s Greatest ' cial Discount '01'33‘pe! ' l 10 c .. , else, cease ducts, and guinea. fpwlgr .Wlld bird's; such as pheasants, ,quall» and some others, are also susceptible. , V Model“ of 'disisemlnation—~Within the flock the‘disease may be spread by direct contact ,betWeen diseased and healthy fowls. As ,theyirus is contained in the scabs and discharges of infected birds it' is clear that water, feed, "litter, etc., form ready means of dissemination. The infec- tion may be carried from coop to coop or from farm to farm by the in- troduction' of birds from' a diseased flock no matter whether they show signs of disease or not. The disease is very often brought from poultry shows, in fact this‘is one of the most . common ways of chicken-pox from one territory to another. The infection may be spread from place to place by the people carrying the virus on their shoes, clothes and hands. possible that dogs, cats, rats or wild birds may act as mechanical carriers and means dissemination. Characterization and SymptOms— This disease may appear in three forms, namely (1) A pure skin di- sease, in which wart-like tumors or scabs appear on the combs. wattles, ears and skin of the head, and in some instances on the skin or other parts of the body. These tumors begin as whitish spots or elevations gradually growing larger until, they appear as distinct growths. As time goes on these les- ions change from “white to gray, to, brown, and finally to an almost black color. The development of ,these scabs may take as long as three weeks. (2). A pure mucous membrane dis- ease. In this case grayish or yel- lowish white cheesy masses develop on the mucous membrane of» the‘oral cavity and eyes. Sometimes the lesions are confined to the larnyx or mouth alone, at other-times only one eye may be affected, and so on. In the mouth these patches of so-called pseudomembranes may vary from the size of a pinhead to large areas involving the larynx and almost the entire oral cavity. The eye effection begins with a thin discharge which if not taken care of will thicken and accumulate under the eyelids which finally become glued together pre- venting the escape of the discharge thus producing a more or less mark— ed bulging. - ‘ (3) A cOmbination of the affections described under 1 and 2. The viru- lence of the organism and the resist— ence of the fowls are the factors which determine the severity of the agase. In many cases of pure skin a .ction the general condition of the birds may remain apparently undis— turbed. However, when the mucous membranes affected signs of general distress become evident. Such cases the following symptoms may be ob- served: more or less of a thin, clear, mucous discharge from the mouth, sometimes from one or both eyes, ac- companied by difficult breathing, very light at first but usually increas- ing gradually until the bird dies of asphyxiation due to accumulation of muco-purulent or cheesy exudate in the larynx, or from starvation due to occulsion (closing) of the eyes which prevents the fowl from feeding. In the early stages one may detect the. disease by a rattling sound in the larynx of affected fowls. Sneezing and the so-called bird cough may be observed. Concomitant symptoms are dullness, emiclation, cessation of egg production and diarrhea. Cause and ,Mortality—The disease may be acute ‘or chronic. "Some- times the birds may die suddenly without having shown any noticeable sign of~a disease due to a toxemia or in other cases the cause of death may- be occlusion (closing) of the larynx. "Chronic cases. may go on for weeks. In some outbreaks, as many as 80 per center the exposed birds contract the disease, in others only 10 per cent may became ill. The death rate is also variable, some- times reaching 50 per cent of, those affected. ‘ ’ disseminating Diagnosise—A correct diagnosis: of, the disease isof paramount import- ‘ ‘ ance in orderfto handle the'outbreak ._ intelligently. Where ..:the' ‘ scabs and diphtheritlc patches- ;_ typical- .nresvnt "these 1?, #0 need-sf an ' “it?! dosh ,4“ *9 the the. ’b It is also ‘ papilla—like - "tolm‘echnical ' , ,Canlier or, the ieye and ‘c masses 111,:the mouth maybe fin to foreign bodies- lodging in the; inactive! sac or cleft got the palate. causinginiflammation of the mucous ‘ ' which, in appearance, recombined!!! ‘ lesions of 'chickemp‘ogt (diphthe‘ritic V form). Conditions of this "kind ‘are’ called mechanical, canker and disap4 I. 1 pear promptly when the irritant .13": removed. " Roup,.,may be mistaken for the diphtheritic form of chicken-pox due ' to the bulging". of the nasal sinuses ~ 'whlch- will resemble canker» of the eye. tion one will find that in the case of roup the eye. proper in unaffected and that the closing‘of the eye is due , to the accumulation of discharge in .V the uses sinuses which bulges the ; bone and forces the eyelid upward.‘ ; The nasal, passages may not be in; volved in contagious epithelomia; Malignant canker may also be: mise taken for the ‘diphtheritic form of chicken-pox. This disease is char- acterized by small' pustules on the base of the tongue and side of the pharynx. They ,penetrater deeply and may be so numerous as tocoalesce froming masses, similar to‘ the pseudomembranes of chicken-pox. Malignant canker is rare, does’ not spread will not yield to treatment and is always fatal. ' Prevention——The following points are essential in keeping the disease within due bounds: 7 , (1) Caution in introducing fowls from strange flocks. ’ (2+Quarantining of newly pur- chased birds, or birds brought home from shows or fairs for at least one month. (3) Prevent undue tion at shows and fairs. (4) Prompt and complete isola- tion of diseased fowls. (5) Good hygienic quarters. _ (6) A sufficient knowledge of hy- giene to be able to practice sanita- tion intelligently and efficiently. Attempts at sanitation are often made, on account of lack of know- ledge of the fundamental principles of hygiene, all that is gained is a. lot ofwasted labor. ' 'Howto Handle , Complete isolation of' diseased in- dividuals is essential to prevent dis- semination of any contagious disease. Suitable facilities for this purpose should therefore be provided for on all up-to-date farms. The mere clos- ing up of diseased birds in a: room immediately adjacent to one contain- 1 ing healthy birds is of little or no, use. «Walls in chicken-houses, as the author has seen them, are not gen— erally “infection-proof” in some cases they are hardly “chicken- proof” so they cannot be depended upon to keep infection from spread- ing. To keep fowls affected with contagious disease in wire cages ‘ placed in killing rooms, feeding -roéms, some part of the stables or in any other place where people, cats, and dogs walk to and fro is also bad practice because of the possibility of infected litter, feathers or drOppings, which have fallen out of the cages, being carried away on shoes or the feet of animals. One fairly satisfactory way of pro; riding for, isolation is to put the diseased birds in a room at one end of the chicken house keeping the ad— jacent room empty. In the latter a pair of old rubbers, a duster, or suit of over—alls should be kept for use only in the isolated room. Other facilities necessary for the handling » of diseased birds should also bekept in this room if possible: This. latter room is just as important as the iso- lation room itself so some such ar— rangement‘ as the one suggested~ should be made available in order to checkwthe infection. After handling diseased fowls one should ’ always carefully wash the hands in plain soap and water or some;de diam... “fectant, before touching ‘ anything else; The entire flock should be gopepver once or twice‘dailx for the. expose of, detecting any, ,_ M ' communica— . birds, and their ‘ immediate -* “ ' is imperative. If they areto‘o to justify '1 I . treatment th, V . killed Asian 9 - ‘ _ ilewlyfi A vs However, on closer examine-J. . V .v . . ,_ - ¢ ‘ ,_V gAdveI-t'iiiements inserted under heading at “300‘ per agate line, per issue. Commercial Rugby. Chick ' advertisements 450- per, agate line.- Write out what' you have to odor and send it, in. .We .wiil put it in type. send Proof 'and quote rates by “ return mai .‘ Address The Michigan Business Farmer. Advertising De- "partment. Mt. Clemens. Michigan. cum. 'Iir'iis "AiiIi cocKEIiELs so. wane mhoms and a o. and a. 0-. Black . ,orcu. ' About ready to lay. , — 'LAPJHAM FARME, Pinokmy. Mich.’ #1:: I 5.00 each. . l . valbat, order eary "an" R. 2. TH,” Rapid cm. LEGHORNS LEGHORNS Buff Leghorn Hem, Pallets and Cookerels. one and pulls ' 'H h or “charms: use . h. S ow a m or o o v '21?ch efAPHAM FARIM‘S, Pinclmoy, Mich. r . . . PURE IRED OOOKERELB FOR smootth:- ces 81.50 and $2.00.. Write JOHN BUG ‘NER. R. 1, Box 29. Morley, Mich. WYANDOTTES' "? . I ‘ ANDOTTEs——MARTIN STRAIN g fiifldfin Smt'avte Fair winners. 1922. _ Cockerels c -x . to 7. . _ *iiifil‘é‘finiému,‘ Washington. Mich. Route 2. "Four SALE—REIMBAOH'S 1.. " A WHITE WVIIH. (latter Few A1 cock “birds and cooker-sis. Hatching cm or rices. c. Hilemwn. Blgp Rapids, Mich., R. 5. rite HEIMBAGH. . ALL—(mow: WHITE WYANDOTTE :ggereg. Fishel strain at 3. o hatching eggs. ' MR8. TRACY RUSH. . 7. theca, Mich. . {I PLYMouTH ROCK ‘ iiurr nocx’cocmil- ‘4'“ healthy, un- i A ' h ult of cars of careful breeding. gong. c‘iiifiptpe fies sons,y Box M, Saltlllo, Ind. ' v' "i EARNED HOOK COOKERELS. ' ’ ' ~ Holterman’s Pedigreed . Anstocrata ' ’ ' F b. 1 . " “17°32 gugmsofi, saverwood, Mich. ‘- . rot. 22's.: .3: ‘ t ‘t n ran an s an n e - - ' grist-ml”? O. cofi'man, Benton Harbor. Mich., R. 3 . UHOIGIE afizThRAINflEDF tBAI’RRED ROCK . . un e . . cOCkerelgEESE BROOSVC Williamston, Mich. THOMPSON STRAIN BARRED Rocxs PURE t . IAI‘ e oockerels $3. Du . braMHSOkoREDg KLOMP, St. Charles, Mich. FOR SALE {BARBED 860K GOGKEIIEL $8 ego... it"?! MR8. I E. BELLEN. Whittemore, Mich. I BA-RRED ROCK GOOKERELS, NORMAN " ‘ ~ i. in, shipped on a mvsl express paid. . . gigs. JESSIE c. 0 AN, R. 1, Mason, Mich. ORPINGTONS BIIFF OBPIIBTOII BQOKEBELS BREWBAK Cooks strain. A. J. R. Elsie, Mich. RHODE ISLAND REDS : RHODE ISLAND REDS. TOMPKINCSAMSTRA‘IN v Iio'th combs. Stock for sale after September I5th. .. -WM. H. ‘FROHM, New Baltimore, Mich R. 1. BRED FROM reci. Price f» —: 1 s'ni'g' S. ‘0. IIIIOIIE ISLAIID IIIEII " I; Cbckerela, dark red, good 11ndewolor.‘izond tvpe. . Aztec Starla. o.w.vnil FOBSEN. Hillsdaie. Mich. I 1 HIGH CLASS EXHIBITION 8. O. RHODE / 'Island ‘ Red. Barred Rock and American White ‘ Leghorn Cocke‘i'els. . $5.00—§7.5Q-$10.00 each. 21 years an v Illlbltor. ‘Ss, action guaranteed, OAR OLL, Ji'., Bay Olty, Mich. \ _ .mo. TIIleYS—rDUCKS—GEESEr BOURBON iiEiLTiiiiKEY "$5631" Eggs in season. ' Time. a. on AGH'AN. Fenian. Mich. MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS. START right b buying stronE. visourous. pure bred stock. M'fite for prices, MRSL PERRY S EBBINS. Saranac, Michigan. I HAVE A FEW MORE MAMMOTH BRONZE turkeys for sale. Gobblers $10, hens, 7. MRS. WILBUR SPIDLE, East Jordan, Mich. SALE—MAMMOTH snouzs TURKEst 523. WILL oILLMAH.B§Iut5‘.fuimmiis. Mlch.’ ORDERS ENTERED NOW AT $1.50 PER setting for e gs from the lat est and whitest Merrimth Peli n laughs rawgdfin Iilchiiza‘iii. gemsié: ' sure eive . ew (3 nice as {fingers-m cedar Ergnd Farm. OkemOs, (Balm. '. ALE—GIANT'BRONZE Tunxsvs FRO . flfifisfnn's best strains. 1mg; healthy birds. mi". LAVERNE BROWNELL. I ‘I. leimont, Mich, ' ’rr: HOLLAND Timxs'va or - UALITY all)... $15.00 hens, $10.00, trio. 53,0900. Tou- “wctsf' o't inner? .2‘?a°?' trim 5201;30' A" . d‘re mm "re Hz 0 er. arm new: 80. ' ~ ALDEN Wu 0MB. Byron Gouger. Mich. - > " IcIIH newness, EXT A‘ LA 99",,er S. 0. an no: a , Choice c kerels, r o - flynfii‘g‘m colorS vex-Egyandotte’gfl'gz B 7‘ Poultry 'l-‘am. Bannister, Mich: 3T raises Imo- FOR LIVE sun- vsai . .Rabbits. A‘ .13.: Ian dii. a 00.. agglui'ii? minor ' . . V POULTRY . g l. i. Must make room before cold wast: «r. ANOONA OOOKERELB HATOHED FROM, WI “ ,Y 11869 _, , er cent solution for ’this purpose. Frequent cleaning of the scope with spraying of the walls, roosts, doors, etc., using a 3 per cent 'cr’ésol solu- tion or semething similar, is advis- able. Meat scraps should be reduced to a minimum'during the outbreak. Buttermilk may be used rather freely. . Treatment of Individuals—As soon as symptoms of chicken-pox ap— pear. the heads of the affected birds Qshould be dipped in a 2, per cent .rpotassium. permanganate or 3 per cent boric acid solutiOn once or twice daily for 30 seconds. In dipping the head the mouth should be kept open and the beak elevated 30.35 to allow the-air escape and be replaced by the solution. Removing scabs from the combs, wattles or skin, and then ap- plying salves or other preparations to the raw surface is unnecessary and inadvisable as it will never hasten the recovery but on the contrary lowers the birds vitality and often results in early death. Cheesy masses in the eyes should be removed by carefully pressing on the eyelids or by picking them out with a pair of forceps. A cotton swab may also be used to remove exudate from the eye. As eye wash one may use a 3 per cent boric acid or a 0.9 per cent cooking salt solution which may be applied with a medicine dropper or syringe and should be lukewarm when applied. Having removed the exudate and washed the eyes with one of the above—mentioned solu— tions, 2 drops of a20 per cent solu- tion of argyrol should be deposited directlyon the eyeball. The latter solution should be applied twice daily in most cases while once daily will suffice for the remainder of the eye treatment. Cheesy membranes should be removed from the mouth and larynx and if raw surfaces are left they should be touched with a mixture of tincture of iodine and glycerin equal parts. Immunization—Lack af space pre— vents a discussion of this subject. Suffice to say that vaccination against chicken—pox has not proved uniform- ly successful. A general discussion on Roup, its symptoms, treatment, immunization, how to prevent, etc., will be publish— ed in our February 17th issue. The above article and the one to appear in our next issue are written by Prof. H. J. Stepseth, Bacteriology Section, Michigan Agricultural College. i BUY CHICKS FROM WELL AD- VERTISER HATCHERIES AST spring at Cleveland, Ohio, L operating under the name of “Kings Hatchery,” H. H .Mason, an old offender in the mail—order fraud, put out post cards covering the states of New York, Pennsylvan— ia, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois offer- ing bargain prices on Chicks on or- ders received before a certain date, in some instances, April 18th, and in others, April 25th. Mason obtained information as to the number of Routes out of each small Post Ofl‘lce in the States above mentioned and the number of Boxes on each Route. Then the post—cards were simply ad- dressed-:.“ THE POULTRY 'RAISER. ROUTE BOX JONESDALE, OHIO,” or whatever State and Post Office was necessary. ‘ The responses to these post cards were of great volume and so many Money Orders were pre— sented to the Post Office that the authorities became suspicious and started an investigation, but before an arrest could be made Mason dis— appeared taiging-with him $25,000 or more, which he had received thru the mails is- a'few weeks and leaving a considerable sum in Cleveland Bank‘s. Those who sent him money for. Chicks of course-lost their money. He evidently had nointention of fill- ing the orders at all. We are giving this information so that the public may be warned against patronizing any Chick-selling schemes or offers whichxcome to them in this or similar manner from unknown« parties._ To play safe buy Chicks only from real . .-Hatcheries who come out in the open through legitimate advertisements in reliable Journals and which proscint to you Bank references. p The operations described above are the ‘ third time. that, Mason has succeeded .in- the Chick-harms I, follow! suflicient "tn- make one-halt v burning of the litter and thorough of health and Vig ' WHITE and so as to merit your COLONIAL POULTR Guaranteed Chicks From. Select Approved Flocks Kept on free range. Carefully fed and cared for to insure the best 01‘. BROWN LEGHORNS, ANCONAS, 50, $7.50: 100. $14: 500. :86. ‘ BARRED ROCK , REDS MINOROAS, 50, $8.50: 100 15. v Write 1 1,60 EXTRA SELECT from Approved Flocks, Postpaid to your door, Free Catalog. We want years to come and we will certainly endeavor to handle your orders 18: 500. or. rlces on or more. 2 per hundred higher. full live count guaranteed. Bank Reference. your business not only this year but for continued patronage. V FARMS, Box 8, Iceland, Michigan ._ placed before March lst. 97 ‘- Post. Instinctive catalog free. MICHIGAN HATOHERY & coon CHICKS—FAIR PRICES Pedigreed and Utility Grades on Barron Type White Leghorn; also Barred Rofkgosnid S. C. R. I. Reds. Customer report Bullets mm; at 4 months an ays. Fedizrgmd Chitolfis 1from tflorclss) headsegoby males bred by Mich. Ag. College mm rap-nese lens 0 .. e reco . Leghorns, 25, $5.50; 50 $10;°100, $23“. Rocks and Reds, 25, $6.15: 50. $1 .15; 100, $25. Utility Chicks from selected free range, flocks, pure- bred, neIivy e9 strain hens. Great value in Medium Priced Chicks. White Leghorns, 25. $4; 50, 1.50; 100. $15: 500, :10; 1.000, 5138. Barred Rocks and Rods. 25. S ; 50. 9; 100, $18; 00, $88 All prices hold until May let. (1 count of one cent per chick on all orders <7 live delivery guaranteed by prepaid Parcel ank Reference. POULTRY FARMS, Box A, Holland, Michigan WHITE and BROWN LEGHORNS. ANCONAS. BARRED ROCKS, R. and 8. 0. REDS. 60. 1 .000 Order: at 500 rate. Postpaid. full live delivery guaranteed. Strong. V KNOLL'S HATCHERY, Box L, Selected Hogan Tested Flocks. TONS, WM. and SIL. WVAN ROCKS, s. and R. c. REDS, HEAVY BROILERS. 50, $7.25' 100, $13. MIXED 10% (iii. Ready SUNBEAM HA 8 . WVA _ I 7 liver h prepaid post. Get your order in no“ ggnk RyefeI‘Ience. Catalog 1i ren . H. B. and Michigan Chicks RHODE ISLAND WHITES, 100, $18; 200, $35. 'd f ll live delivery guaranteed. Ewipfias. us. 2 - 0. $18: BA MINORCAS, 50, 100 $14. WH., s . ALL VARIETIEs, $11 per me straight. February 26th. Free Catalog. Member I. HOLGATE HATCHERY, Box B, Holgate, Ohio. ~ reduced under my personal supervision in a good, Th3 (Eilncgguigmtd Inglisr‘yrivhxich is kept in best, possible condition. The parent stock m0 er rim se ected and of best neavy laying strains. kept on free mugs, well- 18 we? id, handled Free from disease and properly fed. This enables me to produce how}: a'Irrowth Chicks which will mean PROFIT to my customers. PRI ' iii/Ti? ’E‘sno N AND BUFF ggimd Egbosflsigcg ssgsgolzookgezssg ROG s R. . c. N és' AND MIN _ 7 . . . , $1 8; 600. $81.50. I guarantee full live Tlppin, Box E. Findlay, Ohio; Member I. B. 0 Guaranteed Michigan Bred and Hatched 50. $7; 100, $13: 500' $60. $8.50; 1 00, $1 8; 500. $15. igorous Chicks from select, heavy laying flocks. Order NOW right from this ad. Get them when you want them. I want ,-Z " 2‘ your business and ivill try to hold it. Catalog free. Reference, Holland City State Bank. "; Holland. Michigan CHICKS WITH PEP, $11 per 100 and up BUFF ORPING- . 10 $8.25; 100, $16. ANG and BUFF LEGHORNS. so, 31- B 8nA500, 501,, off; 1,006 TCHERY I will ship when you want them. Strong, vigorous. SINGLE 00MB REDS, well-hatclcd Ch WHITE 3BROW ORPIN ’ 11 st. Bank Reference. 1'“ on mg 6 BLUFFTON HAT Chicks That n HISOTTEs, WHITE WHITE WY“ GTONS Vand ANC _ _ . , 100% live delivery guaranteed. Postpaid. Catalog giving particulars also price Profit RHODE ISLAND ROCKS, BUFF llcuvy laying LEGHORNS. BARRED AS icks from N a (i BUFF ROCKS, ON CHERY, Box L, Biufl‘ton, Ohio «£2344: White, Brown and Buff Leghorns: Mixed: . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ii-‘« Postpaid, full live delivery guara - when youyvant the-m. Catalog free. TRI-STATE HATGHERIES. BABY CHICKS Bargain Prices—Write Quick. Best paymg,higi§ est quality, Pure Bred Tom Barron and Hollywood _ a White Leghorns—Egg Records 211:) to .300 in o ear»#Brown Leghorns. . nconas. Ifiifiied Roncflcs,y Rhode Island Reds. White W yan‘ dottes. Book orders now—get liberal discount. Valuable catalog tree. _ We guarantee to save you money—give y‘ou strong. healthy. perfect chicks, the best that money can buy. guarantee ’live del1very, and absolute satisfaction. Write today sure. SUPERIOR POULTRY Box 104 - Zeeland, Michigan Egg Bred white Leghorn ‘ .Aiiour breederssreeulled, selected. and mated by tpoultry spec- A: ; ialists audinspected an approved as iio’ theiaiaying ability and health. Outlaw“ m i LEADING Eulnhlw I Pol “emulate In customers all ever-the [1.8. W a golden harvest oi! eggs the you round honour not. Bil money with It... egg sure. You. too. on “m , WOFI'l‘nndehatfllans Bowtefyd forn- ‘ B A B Y c H I c K s ‘ its. m may dollars to Ii. t on:- prieu on ‘ chi Indus-before)": buy. I! hA‘I‘ 0:02: in“ m h m {patched {frog [at E “Inga! , , , Hr,“ r cc 0 d.9£VRIES.BnmhIevPeuliryFsm.Box . e . c ‘ “WHOM” no . . _ i ANOONAS BRED FOR o . I , . » , Hioii Eda-PRODUOTION. _ Y SELECTlnl ONIONS FROM We mmtee 100 per cent 3" > in: 1mmf of if“ baby-chick :. Elisa! 011135111816, 1’0“ e “13,-, seas m - - so e. c ve ' MW. inn-w 11:} _ n .* Pr; f:\q Q p - '_ . e8. - ' '... “I”; ‘9“WI‘V'.:‘*.I°"- V r : a 330.. Iceland. Mich. . V ' ""' " ‘ 3”” °""'"°‘°"s' WM“ wyandonlsfi I I I C I i i '50, $1.50; 100,115“; 500, $61.50 BABY CHICKS $10.50 PER 100 AND UP From Hogan tested, well-kept and housed heavy laying flocks Barred and White Rocks, Reds, Anconas, Mlnorcas: go, . 0 . 100, 16; 500. $11.50 $9; 100, S 1.50: 500. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. per 100 straight ntced. Order NOW from this ad. and hem ALSO EGGS FOR MATCHING. Reference. 4 Banks. Box 511, Archboid, Ohio Rosewood Farm Healthy, Hardy Chicks Well—hatched, carefully packed, and shipped. Select. heavy lay- ‘ WHITE LEGHORNS. , $13; 500, $62.50: 120. Select ANCON- A . $ .5 ' 100, $14: 500: $65.50. Select BARRED {lg sq ' 50500' $833595 t 100' V . ; . . os. aid, full live deliv guaranteed. Our cliloks wi render you the besteg satisfaction and you will COME BACK TO 08. We have had long experience in produc' good Chicks and our flocks are second to nonaméaialog free. ROSEWOOD FARM. R 12 A, Holland, Mich. 'TIMMER’S HATCHERY Hardy. health looted heavy BR. . 5. 8. V 500, 80. mil live delivery. Bank reference. Fm‘ri’mmgh's H ATcHERY Route 3 A. Holland, Mich. DeKoster’s Hatchery Strong. vigorous Chicks lected heavy laying ENGLISH STRAIN WHITE LEGHORNS and BROWN LE HORN 1 . $12.50; soo. soo. THOMPSON a ‘HOLTERMAN STRAIN BARRED as“: . ...i~.:°r.....'8..13s I I - - i l' g'very guaranteed. Catalog 9. lir Iii-'1 deference. DE-KOurER’s HATGHERV, Box x. loci-ind. Mich. CHICKS - THAT GROW, LAY AND PAY ' Barron lnglish White ‘Leg' horns, Brown Leghorns and r neonas. PURCHASE THIS YEAR’S CROP- OF CHICKS from tested layers, headed b large Vigomus 260 to 288 Pedigreei "Isles. . CUSTOMERS REPORT BIG PROFITS with these wonderful layers. Write today for our large Illustrated catalogue. It tels all about them, it’s free. . \VYNGARDEN HATCHEIT) Box B, Zceland, Mich. Big. strong, Well—hatched Chicks from selected to lay stock on free range, properly fed and housed to iiisur-i health and Vigor. WHITE, BROWN .5 BUFF L50GH°1R 3"l 's'sooso'sez ed 1 ; , . . annuity a; WHITE ROCKS, S. C. a . . REDL',A5NOGONAS, 50, $8: 50. $8.50? 100, $18; 500, $77.50. .8! FF OR INGTONS, SILVER WYAN- D '. “.50; 100, $18; 500. giniriiiiteu full ' 100% live arrival. Reference, Citizen‘s Bank. Orderj-direct from this ad. and sure time. Free Cll‘cllllll‘. MODERN HATOHERY Mt. Blanchard, Ohio 400,000 Chicks Box F. E it its 5 FFOIII good heavy laying flocks on free range. $7; DS 50', $8: 100, M_ I lixtru (Select 101. g. .0 ere .4. LEGHORNS, 5i”), "‘” ' ~ y y ; 500, 2.50. BARRED ROCKS AND REDS, 50 100, $17; 500, $82.50. Postpaid and full'live delivery guiimiite'ed. ()rdei‘ now from this ad.e Catalog Free. (‘iickerels E VIEW POULTRY . Holland, Michigan "BBY CHICKS HEAVY LAYING breeding stock or real quality helps producers Ovie’s strong liealithy and husky chicks. 25,000 Thrifty Chicks Weekly UTY mutan- Write for Catalog. 14c. and up. prepaid. 12 leading breeds. Delivery guaranteed. Ovie's Poultry Farm and Hatchery 132 Roots Street, Marion, Indiana Routo 8, Box 3, Jilic. This. first was" at, Moi-nee > 'City. All told he probably defrauded QUALITY CHICKS GET THE PROFITABLE AND_ LAYING .KIND, They Will pay on big. Free range. Selected. ogan test. Orp- iiigtons. W. & Sil. Wyandottes, 50, $0.25; 100, . Rocks, Reds, Minorcas, 50, $8.25; 100, $16. Anconas, heav brmlers. 50. $7.25; 100, 1 . ghoms, 50, $7; 0, $13. Mixed,_ all varie- , i ies. $11 per 100 straight. Post— paid. Safe delivery. Circular free. Bank reference. Middlepolnt Hatchery. Mlddlepoint, Ohio, Dept. B. Day Old Chicks, Strong. sturdy, S. C. White Leghorns (English stmin) from large, vigorous, yearling hens, raised on our own farms. ’I‘hat hy and pay. Barred Rocks and Rhoderland Reds, from4best laying strains. Send for our illustrated catalog, free. Hillcrest Poultry Farms and Hatchery R. R. 2, Holland, Michigan BABY CHICKS Barred ROCKS Ilardy freo range stock‘s. Pure 39:3: ?°°lk‘5°d' Breed Practical Poultry especial- wyandot‘ms ly adapted to the farmer poultry- Orpinotons man; stock that has proved of, Leghorns— exceptional practical vulue on Wh., Br., Bufl Michigan farms as high as 173 Anconas eggs a year flock average. Send Mlnorcas for price list. STATE FARMS ASSOCIATION 202 Chase Block, Kalamazoo, Michigan Low prices. From selected L'W heavy laying flm‘ks. English ' r‘ White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns An- conas, Barred Rocks._l‘ostpuid, full live delivery guaranteed. (‘utaiog free. Bonk 0‘ Ref. THE 808 HATCHERY, R. 2.: Iceland, Michigan. John 305. Barron Strain Selected White Leghorns. Produced under my personal care. Strong, vii,- orous chicks carefully packed to go safely. Postpaid, full live delivery guaranteed. 50 chicks, $7; 101, $13; : .30 , $02.50. Get your order in early. Eco.“ HATCHERY, Box 317 A. laeland, Mich. Y White English Leghorns. Torn Barron Strain. White and narred Plymouth Ito'ks, S G. . I. Reds, Buff Orpingtons. All pur bred from ‘selectcd stock. Live arrival gauar-anteed. Postage paid. We do cus- tom hatching. Durand Hatchery, Fenton, Mich. WHITTAKEB’S II. I. BEDSTMiéiiiigi Color and Egg Strain. Bred from winter layers for 13 years. Chicks and eggs. Write f6r free ‘cat- alog. lnterlakes Farm, Box 4, Lawrence, Mich.“ easy cmcK uneasgp- BARRED ROCKS. B Wynndottea, Black Mine _s, R- I. _ q ' ’ shipped ich. ma Brown and White Leghorns. 12¢ and up prism-rid. THOBL. .o. GALLAGHAN,‘ Fenton. " ":9va This” ' “'“il'i‘ fhim’sl'i all”: " coc 1‘8,‘ .; », ,‘n.y, » ,, I 100, dossiers-1c , in}! memos... .3": Vern-state“ w and the following year at Kansas the public out of $100,000 or more. As we have said before, buy Chicks only from firms or individuals who can and do present proper creden- tials and references to you. MANAGEMENT OF GROWIN \ CHICKS ‘ . THE care of growing chicks, es- pecially during the very warm weather, is most important, you should give them the best of care at this time if you wish to succeed. The baby chicks maybe smart little fellows from strong, vigorous parent stock, and they may have been brooded carefully for the first two or three we‘eks, but unless they re- eieve proper care and management during their later growing period they will not develop properly, and many of them will be lost by sickness or disease , The chief essentials to proper growth-are good coops or houses, cleanliness, proper feed and Water, shade; and free range. Coops and Houses Growing chicks should be provided with large, roomy coops or houses which will give them a comfortable place to stay at night and during stormy whether. No particular kind of house is necessary, but it should be so built that it will provide the chicks with lots of light, pure air, and sunshine, and protect them from dampness and storms of all kinds. It also should be arranged so that it can be cleaned easily and frequent— ly, which is very important. If brood coops are used, do not let too many chicks g0 into‘one coop at night, as crowding will cause them to become OVerheated, resulting in improper growth and sometimes in dead chicks. As the season advances and the chicks become larger, some lshould be removed and placed in other coops to prevent crowding. When poSsible it is best to provide larger“ quarters . A good house can be built from dry—goods or piano boxes at a small cost. Every coop and poultry house used for growing chicks should be kept clean at all times. Sickness or di— sease usually starts in unclean quar- ters, and in such quarters lice and mites are‘kalways more plentiful. . The coops and houses should be Joleaned and sprayed once a week, and clean shavings, chaff, or sand [put on the floor. Examine the chicks Iand houses often for lice and mites, and if found tliey‘should be got rid of at once. ’ . Feeds and Water A variety of feeds, with fresh, clean water, is necessary if chicks are to grow properly. The three feeds most. necessary for rapid growth are grain feed, green feed, and dry mash. Grain Feed—In addition to the green feed and dry mash, which should be fed night and morning, giving as large a quantity as the chicks will eat clean, but no more. A good grain mixture for growing chicks consists of 3 parts cracked corn, 2 parts wheat, and 2 parts of hulled oats. . When available. kafir corn or rolled oats or hulled barley may be substituted for hulled oats. In localities where hulled oats, kafir corn, or rolled barley cannot be ob- tained or is £00 h‘g‘l. in price, a mixture of cracked corn and wheat only may be fed until the chicks are old enough to eat Whole oats, when 2 parts oats only may be added to the corn and wheat mixture. Green Feed A reasonable supply of fresh green feed is almost as nec- essary as grain for growing chicks if they are to develop properly. If al— lowed liberty they will (flitain much of it for themselves, but if kept in confinement or in quarters Where green feed is not abundant, it should be supplied to them regularly. Lawn grass, beettops, cabbage, and lettuce make excellent green feds. When chicks are confined to blood coops with runs these should be placed on ground where the grass is. green and tender, and as ‘fast as it is eaten off the Coop and run should be moved to a place where the grass is plentiful . 0 Dry Mash—In addition to > grain and green feeds, dry mash should. be kept before growing chicks at.all times after they are three or. four weeks old. It is best to feed it in . shopper inside: ther‘bsildiss or where f \ o . less. ..‘ .w 3' I I, . r . a: j‘ .. > I: lit, will. not she exposed to rain orw‘et. If ‘a. large number of. chicks are raised the mash may be, fed ginan outdoor hopper. . The following.mixture makes a good dry mashf Two pounds corn meal, 2 pounds middlings, 1 pound oatmeal, 2 pounds wheat bran, 1 pound beef scrap, "and one—fourth pound of charcoal. When larger 3. larger quantity is desired it should be mixed in the same proportion. Grit and oyster shell should be provided also, so that the chicks may help- themselves whenever they Wish. Sour Milk—Nothing is better for growing chicks than a liberay supply- of sour milk. If it can .be obtained, it should be kept always before them in an open dish or pan where they can eat and drink it freely. When sour milk is feed. the amount of beef scrap in the dry mash may be reduced one—half. water—Plenty of fresh, clean water is absolutely nec sisary for all growing chicks. In hot weather it should be given twice daily and put into fountains or dishes and placed in the shade so as to keep as cool as possible. Clean the Water dish thoroughly each day before filling. ~ An abundance of free range with plenty of shade is necessary if the chicks are to grow rapidly into vig— orous fowls. Growing chickscthat have free rangs obtain quantities of green feed, bugs, worms, and other things, therefore requiring less grain, and they are also less liable to sick— ness or disease. Give your chicks free range whenever possible.—Ani- mal Husbandry Division, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. MICHIGAN RREEDER TRICKED AT NEW YORK VVENTY—three years of scietific work gone for naught. Fifteen thousand dollars‘ vanished. All because of a few missing feathers. This is what a few words in a tele- gram received from New York said. At the Madison Square Gardens poul— try show, several crates of birds en— tered by Mr. Ferris, were found to have been tampered with and $15,- 000 worth of prize winning white leghorns possibly rendered worth- Tails of 14 male birds had and they had been roughly handled. L. E. Heasley, representating Mr. Ferris at the show, was compelled to withdraw them from exhibition. ' The management of the show post— ed noti-ce of $500 reward for infor- mation leading- to the arrest of per— sons responsible for the mutilation of. the birds. It is believed the act was committed by a rival exhibitor. Represents 23 Years’ Work The 14 mutilated birds are the re- sult of 23 years’ breeding, culling and seleCtin‘g and were the choicest of his flocks. Although their market. value is probably around $15,000, he says, to him they‘were worth many thousands more and were not for sale at any price. For one year these birds had been carefully grOomed for this show, Mr. Ferris said. In order that not a single feather should be broken or the plummage ru‘fled, they had not been exhibited for '12 months, and when the crates had been prepared and the birds shipped it was Mr. Fer- ris‘ belief that they were the best to be found anywhere in the country. He was confidcnt they would carry off all the awards as they have done time and again in previous years at other shows. The loss of the 14 males will cause him many thousands of do‘iiirs‘doss in addition to their actual value. been clipped, AN NI’AL POI’LTRY (‘ROP \VOULI) BI'ILD TWO PANAMA CANAIIS The poultry in the United States yields over half a billion dollars every year—enough to build two Panama Canals. The Panama Canal cost about $300,000,000. The poultry pro— ducts are worth over $600,000,000 annually. Ninety" per cent of this amount is produced by the small flocks on the farms of the country—Interna- tional Harvester Co., of America. DOING HIS SHARE T00 "‘ \ ’Fti'itor " Michigan Business Farmer—- Enclosed find order for one dollar to re- new my subscription to Business Farmer for two years. I‘ sure think you are doing somethingto help us farmers in these strenuous times so I feel we must do our part with you.-—-—Thoma.s ,Ra.wson.j Huron. County. ,MichI-gaqi.‘ W, - _ j, ‘ ‘ unfit-ii. ” ' .\ i‘Michigan’SVIGId Reliable Hatchery ( The meat modern and but _ equipped Hatchery m the state): Enslisli and American S.'C. W. Legiioms; S. C. Anconas; Barred Plymouth Rocks and R. I. Reds Strong well hatched chicks from. tested Hogani Free stock that make wonderful ' winter la era. ' . . Chicks sent by Ins‘iired ParcebPOst Prepaid to. ypnifidoor. 1000],, live delivery uaran- teefl. fteen ye f. dub and sh} _ i , ' solu sa isfaction to thousands. Write for illustrate free catalog and price »I'I8t.{ Get lowest price on best quality chicks, be-E fore you buy. (a Holland Hatchery, R. 1, Holland," Mich." 4 Old Chicks. From Select, Hogan Tested. Flocks on Free Range. . ell- ied and handled to insure . chicks. Day _ D OOKS 5 , _ ..?_- 8.50; 109,$16; 560,515.- . -—-"" ' etched right and shipped right. Postpaid. 100% live dchvery guar-' aiiteed. Bank Reference. Order direct, from this ad. Circular free. ' L BORST a. ROEK, Box P, Zeeland, Mich. From State Inspected Flock: :- z o o z > in o z a x 5” in to n 3 .0 ‘ =3- 7' 1 . discount on rl orders to March 1st on these special matings.eaGe)t our special low prices on our grade B Chicks. Post- Ilaldk full live delivery guaranteed. -Refere ce 2 1131:1111] 3.” A11?) “Brefdinf sto'glzlabove ovarieties. i e . . . '. . Ew P ULTRY FARM, Route 2 K, Zeeland, Michigan. Star Hatchery 8"“ CHI. KS From Select Vigorous, Heavy Laying B'reedlng Stock WHITE and BROWN LEG- HOR and$12Ng8NAa —- 0—565 00MB REDS 50—$8 100-—-$16 BOO—$15 Hatched by modern methods in best iiiacliinus under our v _ 1 personal supervision. Careful.y - I .I packed and sent postpiii'd and 100% live delivery guaranteed. Bunk Reference. 7 take no chances iii ordering STAR BABY CHICKS. lace your order now and get them when you want them STAR HATOHERY, Box X, Holland, Michigan WOLVEIIIIIE BABY GHIGKS ABE CHICKS THAT SATISFY' Bred for egg production -13 years. We hatched and shipped chicks for 12 ears. This assures fi‘ou success. ENGLISH 'IYYPE - WHITE A D_ BROWN LEGHORNS 1000/n safe arrival guaranteed. Write for catalogue. > It’s e WOLVERINE = HATOHERY, R. 2, Iceland, Mich. PIONEER FARMS CHICKS FROM PPROVED FLOOKO ., alog‘ue.., Cooks ,. . Bo fliers—sis?” We a}: sleek T4 ill! . l ‘ ' l ‘i , Single Comb ito Leghorn: Heev Layers 50,-s1 100, $13: 560, so! .3” bargains .1:- 0' arm, , , , ; 5 0 $1 . erred Rocks, Extra Fine. 50, . - 100, $18; 0, S . 59 60 ll Chicks hatched from our own A Postpaid, 1 00 % flocks. Reference Zeeland Starts gunk. Circular. live delivery guaranteed. PIONEER Mich. GUARANTEED BABY OHIGKS TOM BARRON ENGL‘SH. 8. 0_ WHITE LEGHORNS 1,500 breeders on our farm. Hatch very Tuesday starting March st. \Vrite at once for new catalog and prices. 100% delivery guaranteed, shipped postpaid. DOWNS . F. D. 1, Washington, FA RMS. M. ' Iceland, POU LTRY FA RM R Mich. DAY OLD CHICKS Best Payin , flea Laying, Pure Bred Tom Barron Englis White ghorns, Rhode Island Reds. '« Park‘s Barred Rocks. Strong healthy chicks from State Inspected and Approved Stock. Order now at new low prices. Instr-active catalog FREE. Brenner's Poultry Full, Box 26 ,flollqnd,flichlgn .‘V‘ JLJ. GUARANTEED BABY onions '- From World's champion Layers. Certi- fied Trap-Nested, l’edigreedfinowden’s English White Leghorns, 250-291 Egg records; Snep- ., pard's 331 Egg strain A onas. Guaranteed thronxiifhfaéthty[chicéraEE eel money makers. A emu u a a o . - FRANK A. VAN BREE. Box 4' . Iceland. Mich. ——REMARKABI..E Fon SIZE BABY ciiicx . and strength. Reasonable prices. Leg-horns, Ant-onus, Rocks. _Reds \‘Vyan- duties. Or mgtmis, Minorcas, Spanish, rahmaa, TYRO! 'POULTRY FARM, Fenton, Mich. - ‘l BABY OHIOst—FROM SELECTED FLOOKS Six leading varieties. Po ular prices and guaranteed delivery. Write for com og and price list. H. H PIERCE, Jerome. Mich. e. 0! r-POULTR Grand Rapids, Mich. U N ~ urebr‘ed certified egg—tested varieties. .Hatchm p ' was» ‘7 ." NI, R. 7, S. C. Brown Write for. uni2 Holland. .wch. QUALITY BABY cii'icx stra'n RVhite .Leghorn Baby Chicks. ‘ aim. Farm. “it A Ivan—m4 A DI- 2i, HHfiYnfiflHfimbeHmHh-IHHmHHmHfldfl :5 somehow-songs“: '60:”. 4: More c I ' N V I. i T G i L c c E o 4. m r .- . i ‘ ,‘o Ills ...'T.‘u. (.l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 -. . ._;' ‘53; ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ‘ " ,",' 3 _:',.,. " oats, bu‘ . . I . . I . . . . .., ' I . . I I II 2,759 3‘nnq :‘l’K‘lLb 2;)“(1 shins. .. ..‘ . . . . ..$ 00,4)8; 32,80‘6 3.18.132 Barley, bu. (5) ................. .. 833 818 9122 a??? bl‘ll‘ - - ' 4 ' - - - ' - - ' - -- 3- ,33, 1 .Ti ‘ 303;, Potatoes, bu. (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3,123 2,445 3,666 “9,1th in] - - ' - - ' - ' - - - ' - H 785, 8‘, “'32, 192171 Cotton, bales (i) . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . . .. 16 14.1 131011;. ' bb] . l I I I . . i . I I i . I 42 4 '55-: ’78” m “"93” “‘1 Mm” excmded- » Fruits; and. “1.1:. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ‘ ' "s 3 864 5 268 55 489 49,529 (2) 17 countries. (3) 18, countries. (4) 27 countries. (5) V9, inf“ .md i I I ' I . “$ 2.990 3.822 44.07!) 26,474 25 “mum” (6) 16 countries“ (7) 50° pounds “9" “"9"” Suiizlr lbs: 396.156 315,999 8,434,011 4,747,517 “eluded ‘ , Le??? tobacco, lbs . . . . . . . .. 2,796 2,000 51,556 36,914 2. Minino: . , , Cotton, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,506 3,181 113,724 67,091 Figures express production as a per cent of normal. In estl- Wool, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27,892 14,592 278,527 288,114 3. Prices of Foreign Drafts: Price of Demand Drn {in Nominal Gold Value Jan. 22, Dec. 19,9611. 23. PM of Exchange 1923 1922 1931 Enflland . . . . . . $487101£ Sterling. . $4.06 $4.61 $4.22 l-‘mnce . . . . . . . 19.3c to 1 fraud . . . . . . 6.341- 7450 8.044: Hormnny . 23.87: to 1 mark . . . . . . .0050 .0156 #180 Belgium. . . 19.3c to l franc . . . . . 5.671: 6,830 7.749 ltnlv . .. . . . . . . 19.3c to l lire . . . . . . . 4.724: 5.08c 4.37c \‘Dziin . . . . . . . . 19.3c to l peseta 15.624: 15.70(: 14.940 Austria . . . . . . 20.30 to l crown . . . . 00144: 00140 .03c Denmark 26.801261 crown 18.68c 20.70c 20.00c N'orway . . . . .. 26.80 to 1 crown . . . .. 19,646 19.05c 15.650 Sweden . . . . . . 26.80 to 1 crown . . . . . 26.800 26.890 24/850 Holland . . . . . . 40.2c to 1 tiorin . . . 39.500. 39.82c 36.369. \rgentina . . . .. 42.5c to 1 peso . . . . . . 39.250 37.900 34.251- Brazil 32.4c to 1 milrels 11.456 12.15c 12.630 lndia 48.70 to l rupee 32,250 80,950 28.00c Jilinm . . . . . . . . 49% to 1 yen . . . . . .. 48.850. 48.950. 47.386 Canada . . . .100 c to 1 dollar . . . .. 99.130 99.43c 95.006 4. Discount Rate of the Bank of Enoland: Jan. 17. 1923 Month Ago Your Ago 3% 3% 5% III. Money and Credit I. Gold, Currency and Bank Deposits: 000,000 omitted Jan. 1, Dec. 1, Jan. 1, 1923 1922 1922 Stocks of monetary gold in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$ 3,943 $ 3,909 $ 3,657 Total supply of currency in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,733 4,617 5,775 . ' Sept. 15 June 30, Sept. 15, ' 1922 1922 1021 Total deposits ln National Banks...$l6,599 $16,321 $14,561 Dec. 1, Nov. 1, Dec. 1, 192 1922 1921 Deposits in New York City Banks.$3,850 $3,830 $3,840 2. Gold Movement: ' 000 omitted November .. Eleven Months 1922 . 1921 1922 1921 Exports of gold . . . . . . .8 3.431 $ 607 $ 34,165 $ 21,729 Imports of gold . . . . . .. 18,308 51,298 248,730 659,582 3. Federal Roservo‘Ratio: ' Jan. 17, Dec. 13, Jan. 18. ' 1923 1922 1922 Ratio of total reserves to deposit , and Federal Reserve note liabil- ities combined ................... 76.1% . 75.1% 76.0% 4. Interact Baton: . . *‘ . . -. '5 ,. » Dec.,,1922 Nov., 1922 Dec.,1921 bones; some“ 4.88%‘ 1 4.88% ‘ 5.88% ,Iinito of 31.000.060.000 V i ' 7.. (Decz, 1922 “ Nov.,»lm, Dec., 1921 .. 13.902 . $17.99 818.49' “ .. 19:51 115.86. ' 60-90 on coinmerctsl omen”... 4.62% _ 4.62% 5.12% ' All commodities, other than farm and food products, gained 16 per cent during the year. These facts are based on wholesale prices collected monthly on 400 items by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistic‘ 5. Discount Rates of the Federal Reserve. Banks: Jan. 1,,1923 Dec. 1,1922 Jan. 1, 1922 Range of rates for the twelve, banks on commercial, agri- Cllltural and livestocn 11:1p<'r.4»41/é% 4—41,é%. 41/2—51/2% 6. Stock and Bond Prices: Jan. 12, Dec. 8, Jan. 13, 1923 1922 , 1922 20 Industrial stocks . . . . . . . . . . . ..$98.l?3 $97.88 $80.82 20 Railroad stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85.09 84.56 74.98 40 Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89.01 89.06 85.26 7. Business Failures: ~~-u\\'cek Ending Jun. ll, lllzlii l)c<'..8,1922 Jun. 12,1922 Brndsireots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 536 462 717 Duns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 484 719 IV. Prices 1. Wholesale Prices of Farm Commodities: Quotations :ll (‘lm-nco oxcopt as noted. Jun. 23, Month Year 1923 A110 A110 Fat hogs, cwt., avernur . . . . . . . . , . . . . .9 8 90 $ 8.45 8 8.75 Beef steers, good native, 0151., :H'.... 9.35 9,00 7.00 l"ut lambs, cwt., average . . . . . . . . . . .. 1420 14.25 13.30 l‘ut sheep. cwt.. average. . . . . . . . . . , .. 7.90 7.15 6.85 Wool, ()hio deluine unwusllwl, lb. (Boston) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .57 .565 .45 Butler, 92 score, lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .50 .51 .34 Cheese, N0. 1 twins, lb . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .266 .2675 .20 Eggs, fresh firsts, doz . . . . ..4 . . . . . . .. .333 .395 .39 Poultry, hens, 1b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .22 .17 .25 Wheat, No. 2 hzlrd, bu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.155 1.26 1.16 (Torn, No. 2 mixed, bu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .695 .73 .505 Outs, No. 2 white, bu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .435 .455 .38 Rye, No. 2, bu. . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .855 .90 .815 lerley,‘ bu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .625 .67 .585 Knfir, N0. 2 white, cwt. (K, C.) . . . . .. 1.575 1.55 .94 ll. y, No. 1 timothy, ton . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2] 00 21.00 21.50 Flux, No. 1 bu, (Minul'npolisd . . . . .. 2,81 2,605 2.16 Cotton, middling, lb. (New Y lrk) . . .. 2875 .268 .1775 Beans, White, cwt. (f. o. b, Michigan) 8 0:7 7.50 4.65 I’otntoes, northern whites, cwt . . . . . .. .90 .85 2.00 Onions, midwest yellow, cwt . . . . . . .. 2.75 2.50 8.00 Apples, winter varieties, bbl . . . . . . . .. 5.00 5.00 8.50 Hides, No. 1 native heavy, ll) . . . . . . .. .205 .20 .165 Sugar, fine granulated, 11). (.N Y.).. .067 .0705 .0505 2. U. S. Department of Labor Relative Wholesale Prices: Prices in your l913 oounl 100 Dec., 1922 Nov., 1922 Dec., 1921 All commodities (WclcllH-d average or general pricv ll‘\'(ll) . . . . . . . .. 1.79 156 140 . Farm products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145 1411 120 Food products . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-1 143 136 Cloths and clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l94 192 180 Fuel and lighting , . . . . . . . . . . , . . .. i’ll; 2l8 199 Metals and llll‘l I [ll'wlllll‘ih‘ . . . . . . .. 13H 133 113 Building: lnuterizlh . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185 185 158 )lllilmiczlls and drugs . . . . . . . . . . . .. 190 127 127 House furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L822 179 178 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 122 121 3. Prices of Farm Products at the Farm Relative to 1913: 0 Prices in your 19:3 «1‘.(;‘:‘:Rl 100 Commodity: Nov., 1.922 ()ct., 1922 Nov., 1921 (‘otton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 192 l81 131 (‘orn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ll 1 106 '71 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1‘29 135 118 llny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. IIS 99 110 l’otulocs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 98 171 Reef (‘illllt‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fill 93 8‘0 “"05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. llli ill 89 Egg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2'13' lflfl 265 lilllil‘l‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 71 1423 152 \\'()(ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 193 93 '1. Relative Purchasing Power of Far-ti Products: The quantity of various C(immlidlliDS-Wllll'll a given amount of each farm product would purchase at prices prevailing in 1913 is put equal to 100. The figures given represent the percentage of this quantity which the same amount of farm products would purchase in November, 1922. Prices at the farm are used for :lericultllrflI products, and wholesale prices at central markets for other commodities. ’ ' All Com— Cloths, Fuel, Metals, Bu llding House ' modities etc. etc. t-ic. \irls. Furn'xzs Cotton . . . . 123 100 88 144 104 107 (“61:11 . . . . . . 71 58 51 83 60 62 Wheat 83 67 59 97 70 72 llzly . . . . . . 74 60 53 86 62 64 I’otzltoes . . 58 47 41 68 49 50 Beef cattle. 57 46 41 67 48 50 Hogs . . . . .. 87 54 48 78 56 58 liens .. . .. 153 124 '110 , 172 129 133 Butter .... 99 81 71 ~. 116 . 84 . 877 ~ Wool .. 128 104 91 150 ‘ 108‘ ' 111 Average purchasing power of all farm products in terms of an: other commodities. Same basis. as.above table. ' ' l 1913......‘..'. . . . . . .. 00 December, 1921 ......... ..62 1914 ..... ..'.'..._.....11‘2 January,1922 .........I..e'5 1915...... . . . . . . . . ..106 'March . . . . . 1916 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89 . May s 1917 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..166 July ..............09 1918........ .. 112 September .64 1919.......... . . . . ..111 October'.'...,..L.-...........'..65l 1920 .... 90 "November 3.4;....:...'..;;.’..oo‘ 1921 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67 December" ..................‘.6t FOOTE’S MARKET LETTER By W. W. Foote T is ‘an old saying that advice is I cheap and the more one gives, the more one has left. Perhaps this is an exaggeration; at any rate there are many requests fromflfarm— ing districts asking what appears to be the best course to follow at this time in regard to selling grain and other farm products. In replying, it should be said that much depends upon how the farmer is fixed finan- cially and whether he is' Working his owu farm or that is not mortgaged. " Supposing that the Michigan farmer is out of debt, and physically able to carry on his farm work'withOut hirihg any helpers, there appears to be no good reason for worrying over the existing canditions. over in Eu— rope, bad as they are. Michigan farmers are as a class practically clear 0f the strined conditions in such states as Iowa and Illinois, where the great war boom in farm prices 1ifted, lands to extremely arti- ficial figures: and turmmore, our Michigan farmers are ely in the habit of diversiufiying their crops, instead of depending mainly on a single crop. Then the farmers of this state are more than ever before realizing the importance of growing most of the foods consumed on the farm. It is worth remembering that about 9 per cent more of the food consumed on farms could eco- nomically be produced locally rather than brought in from distant pro- ducing areas, as a recent nation—Wide survey made by the United States Department of Agriculture main- tains. This statement is the result of questions mailed to 20,000 crop reporters in all parts of the country, revealing that about 60 per cent of the food consumed on American farms is produced locally. To this statement, it may be added that this applies especially to Michigan, and farmers who raise their own veget- ables, apples, beans. hens, cows, and hogs have gone a long way to ‘solve the vexing problem of living com— fortably on the old farm. As for marketing the surplus products of the farms, that is, of course, quite ‘ a different matter. Manifestly, the market reporter is, fallible in judging the future out— look, but just now it seems to be ad- ‘visa‘ble to let the live stock go to market as soon as fat enough to grade well and not 'try to produce as much weight as is possible. Much depends upon whether the farmer has sufficient feed for his stock, and if he is short of feed, the best course is to ship the stock without delay. In reading the market reports, it should be remembered that cattle classed as choice to prime out no figure in the sales, so few are offered. Most of the cattle marketed are of what is termed an “in-between” kind, with good representation of the poorer kind. Hogs are bringing good prices still, despite the liberal marketing at packing points, while sheep are making their fortunate owners no end of money. “’hy W’hcat Prices Fell While prices for wheat are lower than they were several weeks ago, being put forth by market writers ago, they are still higher than before the war. N0 end of predictions are being put forth by market writers, reinforced by figures showing the available stocks and what the world importing countries may be expected to consume; but it may be just as well for the farmer owning market- able grain to take a fair price so long as it is offered, even if the price is higher later on. As for corn, the farm is the place for using it, al- though after feeding all that is need~ ed for home feeding and- for seed, the remaining surplus should be sold without undue delay. Corn for May delivery hafleen selling recently on the Chicago market around 20 cents a bushel higher than a year ago, although remaining stocks appear to ‘ be ample. Traders are not showing much interest in the oats market, and supplies are. ample, although . stocks in sight are much smaller 2 ,:.than. a, year ago.‘ Qat prices has CQfi-t Wheat prices gain MARKET SUMIVIABY slightly as demand improves. Corn easy. Oats“: and we remain unchanged. Beans are inactive. Live ' poultry, dressed calves and hogs are wanted.-. Receipts of butter and eggs exceed demand and market is easy. Potatoes steady. All live stock show .more activity and the market is steady. Inter-manor: was rocelved‘ AFTER the balam ol the W hat mlnuto Informatlon up _to within one-half hour of (Note: The above marina lei. page was not In type. It contains going to press ——Edllor.) considerably higher than a year ago. and May rye sells a little higher than last year. Exports of wheat, flour, and rye have been running on quite a large scale, with heavy exports of rye to Germany and Norway, owing to the fact that rye is cheaper than wheat. Wheat for May deliveryr sells in Chicago at $1.17, While cash sales are made of No. 2 yellow corn at 71% cents, No. 2 white cats at 461/2 cents, rye at 86 cents and bar- ley at 60 to 64 cents. Michigan pea beans sell at $8.35 to $8.45 per 100 pounds, with buying in a small way. Live Stock on Farms There were more hogs on farms in the United States on January 1 than at any time since 1919, as is shown by the recent government live stock report. The total number is 63,424,000 head, a gain of 5,000,000 as compared with the revised figures of the previous year and 7,327,000 in excess of two years ago. Milch cows increased 347,000 head as-compared with the previous year, while cattle increased 373,000 head. The largest increase in other cattle is in the states where the corn crop was largest, and represents a shifting of livestock from sections Where the crops were short to other parts of the country where feed is abundant. A gain of 882,000 was shown in the number of sheep as compared with 1922, while mules increased 39,000 and horses decreased 203,000 head. Comparative figures follow: Farm Animals Total Horses——Jan. 1, 1920 .......... ..19,766,000 Do Jan. ,1, 1921 ................ ..19,208,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922.... ....... ..19,056,000 ~Do Jan. 1, 1923 ............... ..18,835,000 Mules—~Jan. 1, 1920....-...-... 5,427,000 Do Jan. 1, 1921 ............... 1. 5,455,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922 ............. .__ 5,467,000 Do Jan. 1, 1923 ............. .._ 5,5067000 Milch Cows—«Jan. 1, 1920 23,722,000 Do Jan. 1, 1921 .......... .____23,594,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922 .............. ....24,082,000 Do Jan. 1, 1923 ................ ..24,429,000 Other Cattle-Jan. 1, 1920 43,398,000 Dc Jan. 1, 1921 ...... ..:; ...... ..41,993,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922 .... _..._.41,550,000 Do Jan. 1, 1923 ................ ..41,923,000 Sheen—Jan. 1, 1920 .......... ..39,025,000 Do Jan. 1, 1921 ............... “37,452,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922 ........... ..36,327,000 Do Jan. 1, 1923 ................ ..37,209,000 Swine—Jan. 1, 192.0..........-.59,344,000 Do Jan. 1, 1921_-*..._...56,697,000 Do Jan. 1, 1922 ......... 157,834,000 Do Jan. 1, 1923....“ .......... ..63,424,000 The Chicago Cattle Market More cattle are being fed in feed- ing districts than a year ago, and western markets are receiving more than at that period, the bulk of the beei‘ steers grading only fairly well and feW-of the prime long-fed heavy steers going at $10 to $11 per 100 pounds. However, prices are still much higher than a year ago or be- fore the war, and there is a good profit for the stock feeder who under- stands the business. Not many stocker and feeder cattle are being shipped back to the farms for a pro- per finish, and such cattle sell at high prices, the packers competing with country buyers for the best of- ferings. Beef steers are selling mainly between $8 and $10, with sales down to $6.25 to $7.25 for the commoner kinds and plenty of Cows and heifers taken at $4.50 to $7. \ Veal calves are selling at $6 to‘ $12- .50 per ‘100 pounds and stockers and “Rogers at $5 to $8, mainly at $6.50 to 7.50 Chicago Hog Marliét Because of greatly increased re- ceipts, prices have rundergone ‘a. great reduction within a short time. a ruling. the lowest me long tune, not; H'were normal the natural withstanding a large demand for the better classes of swine for shipment 0 while, the consumption of fresh pork products ports of provisionsare heavy, recent exports of lard being far greater than a year ago. Hogs are marketed mostly very heavy in weight, recent receipts averaging 241 pounds. This " is the heaviest at this season in over ten years and 15 pounds above the average for the period. The large number of hogs feeding points to heavy consumption of corn and cor— responding high prices. Unusually heavy receipts of hogs last week caused big breaks in prices, late sales being made at $6.80'to $8.40. .Big Profits from Sheep Michigan farmers have never gone back on sheep, and seldom have they made such handsome profits as this season. Michigan is one of the im- portant feeding states, and owners have been marketing their fat flocks of sheep, yearlings and lambs in Chicago freely recently, prices alter— nately advancing and weakening, but all the time ruling much higher than a yearago or before the war. Colorado is a large sheep state, and many hooks are being marketed from there. Demand runs much. strong— est on fatwhandy—weight lambs, and consignments averaging 90 pounds and over are severelydi‘scriminated against by packers. Late sales were made of lambs at $12.75 to $15, with feeding and shearing taken at $13.75 to $15.25. Shorn lambs fetch $1.50 to $2.50 less than these prices. v \VHEAT In spite of the fact that during the past fortnight the Wheat market has had nothing but bearish news the price has changed only slightly. In general, the price has been at about a standstill. the price brought out a large supply of grain while any decline found the market well supplied with buyers. , export demand is practically no— thing. Dealers are expecting only a very little business from that source until a settlement has been reached between France and Germany. It is hard to predict what the market will do. The supply is large and de- mand small at present and if times trend of prices would be downward. But conditions. are far from normal at present and the supply and demand position is not exercising its usual influence. Many of the larger deal- ers are confident that the wheat market is in a position for an ad- vance in the near future. Some look for the advance to amount to as ' much as 5 cents. ‘ Prices” / Detroit—~Cash No. 2 red, $1.35; No. 2 white, $1.33. Chicago—No. 2 hard, $1.15%. New York—No. 2 red, $12915; No.2 hard, $1.25%. Prices‘one year ago—4Detroit, No. 2 red; $1.27%; No. 2 White, $1- .241/2; No. 3 mixed, $124541. 7 CORN _ The corn markét was agected by the action of wheat during the past. two weeks. The, price at Detroit has shOWn little change during this period. I Demand is light being most- ly local and-receiptsare’ot fair vol- ume, although not enough to over- load the market and cause prices to decline. ' ' r Detroith No”. “(6361:; N9. eastern packing points. Mean-a is extremely large, and 91-» Any increase in‘ ‘ d near future.’\ However,“higherpfic .3. “‘- RZ y;ilo;v, 70%@71c. ’ . ew _ or ———No. 2 ellow . . 2 white, 88 fie; y and No Prices one 2 yellow old, 53c; No. 4 year agoé—Detroit,;fio.‘ 57c; No. 3 yellow new; yellow new, 511,443: . ._ Oats are featureless and continue- to follow the trend of other ain's.‘ The market is inactive gr . light, both domestic and shipping. I ero —-- sh No. 2, 49¢; . , 47%;; No. 4, 46b. -No 3» - cage-No. 2‘ white, 43 4d- 1,4; No. ‘3 white, %@ New York———No. 2 white, 55c. - No. 2 mixed, 88%. ’ ’ with demand 7'» 2. 421,4@44c. :19" Prices on year~ag0——Detroit, No. 21white, 40c; No. 3, 37%. -—~—————_.._._.._. , . RYE This market has been quiet \the- past couple of weeks. Demand and supply are just about balanced. At the present time many of the larger dealers believe that the market is in position to decline although theztone is steady and quiet on the majority of the larger markets. . Prices Detroit—eCash No. 2, 900. Chicago—Cash No.-«2-, 86%@86~ c. ‘ Prices/one No. 2, 8 7c. ___~—————.. BEANS There has been several declines in the price of beans on the Detroit market during the past fortnight and many are becoming frightened b-e- lieving that the market is at the be- ginning of a long slump. We can- not believe this is true because pres-- ent conditions justifies an upward trend instead. To the “Bean and Pea Journal” the market for the navy beans appear as follows, ac" cording to the most recent issue of that publication: “The predictions that beans will see 9 or 10 cents seems possible of fulfillment. Many believe there will be a steady drift upward well into the spring and sum- ,mer months. - year ago—Detroit, Cash But another view is coming to the- V fore. With the price at present high point, there is a slight nervous feel- ing. - Realized that it will take little to swing the market the other way.‘ It is most__authorativedy stated that in Michigan most of the beans are out of the farmers’ hands, and that elevators are filled to the brim with beans 0f finest quality. “They were bought at much lower prices. They are in strong hands, in the hands of those who intend to get the highest figure they can. And while there has been a distinct less- ening of demand, canners are said to be badly in need of beans. “Thoughts'are turning to acreage. The government has urged that more beans be planted. tions are experimenting with beans, and it is very likely that 1923 will see one of the largest acreages of beans in recent history. “Importations continue" to be a slight factor, but not enough to cause much domestic concern. , “Several bead orders have 'been filled during recent weeks, one’for' the navy.” ' Prices Detroit—C. H. P., $7.70 per cwt. Chicago—C. H. .P., $8.10@8.15. Prices one 'year ago—Detroit, C. H? P., $4.80: . __ POT OES . The tone of the potato market is better than it has been for some time. The car shortage is causing the surplus on the eastern markets .to disappear at such a rapid rate that dealers are beginning to worry, and there is a stronger and healthier appearance to, this market at this time in that section than for some time invthe‘past. The car shortage along with increased demand is giV- ing the western markets a firm tone and higher prices are expected in the 0*. x ' any 1110. .4,.,_7s,m_;”ne. ravine; . , ' Various new sec— “i E-i- .1“ -.1_- Vmb' - —£"— ‘ . i 9., \ 1391‘ m Whites, 85@90c per cwt. iP‘rices one. 8 tlixmla “twat Bills tion. Bred for 1 ' ,es 0 00 £211 aliases. Some nic'e gilts and boars In this 0 I . mip 'rgdpheifer calf 1Q mo. red bull c r ‘ Berkshire h _ . ’ OI" d—Mlhnesiots lsac'ked,‘ $1. 0116‘ , ,, _ , :73 Minnesota ‘ sacked round . year 'agol—Detroit, $2.36 per cwt. * ._ an... E. .. :‘T-AUCYT ION! T4 rel-sunny a, reason 12 smear dispose of our Surplus breeding Us; [ 1mm: 'miii ms, simulates. NICH- 60, Reg. Poland Chinas 60 “‘1 5°“ “13.333 m. it ' " ‘ 50 EWes 50, ' Emegiinanol t‘1’)reitacaléngoewes. Mostly 2 and 3 v \4 Scotch Shorthorn Cows 4 ‘ Range from' 3 to 6 yr., olds.‘due to calve or will xford buck for March and grand dams have calves by side. Grand sires mo. old a. son of Lorne. 10 elf Percherons 2 pure bred stallion colts 8 mo.’ old, dark greys. ‘ ' . 1d, wt. 1,0 0. 1 pure bred stallion coil; 9 m&. (L 0. Farmers. black mares. Full sisters. 1'. ’1‘ ms 2 er cent discount for web. Bank notes 8 e at 6 Iper ‘cent. The above stock Will positively - mo. _ be sold. regardless of price. J. M. HICKS & SONS, Wllllamston, Mich. W. MURRAY, AUGTIONEER PUBLIC SALE! OF BIG TYPE Poland China Hogs Feb. 14, 1923 60 HEAD PURE BRED, IMMUNED—S YEARLINGS, 43 SPRING GILTS, AND ' 2 GOOD SPRING BOARS This is as good a bunch as Northern Ohio ever has ofl‘ered for sale. T . . o_ ledliogghl‘lgrtlis vi“ egg; 0613110 ei‘iigcééim Stop 43. to for (hitalogue. O. H. KNIERIM J: SONS “ Elmore, Ohio.» BREEDERS DIRECTORY (Continued from page 23.) ASHORTHORN CATTLE TUBERCULIN TESTED , b th sexes, on lag? MAOIOHELE, Mlddlevllle, Mich. FOR GALE—SHORTHORN BUILL OALF. ROAN 9 months. 0f herd of Joe Murray on. MR8. JOE MURRAY. R. 2, Brown City, Mich. DURHAMS ALE—FIVE REGISTERED DURHAM l:1?)le frsom ten months to one year old I have use a few Semi Durhams for sale. HENRY J. LYNDO'GR, Mayvllle, Tuscola 60., Mich. ANGUS VE SOME FINE YOUNG ANGUS BULLS £0511 "Tnteruationcl Grand Champion Stock at reasonable prices. E. H. KERR a (20., Addison, Mich. W ALE—«SIX YOUNG ABERDEEIBANGUB FOR 3nd heifers. Well bred. good individuals, my“ $300 0 i o B. m ' Pmi’sso. l-‘I Tuliwiiv a SON, Ovid, Mich. AL PRICE ON BULLS, RANGING IN 255?er 8 to 11 months, until Jan. lst, 1923. RUSSELL BROS.. Merrill. Mich. GUERNSEY 8 FOR “SALE—REGISTERED GUERNSEY HEIF- ers at reaso' bn Ch) 1 . MfiyHFw. VVIEGMgAN, Lansing. Mlch., Box 52. ‘ O ALE REGISTERED GUERNSEYHNE gullR rgady for service_and calves. Herd Just . ed chon T“ Bung. unneeded, a. 1. McBride, Mich. GUERNSEY BULL 1 '/2 YEARS OLD. SIRE' and dam A. 'R. , robust and well bred. 7-8 blood of Norman enkee Red Nose. Price $125. Accredited herd. A. M. SMITH, Leke City. Mich. FOR SALEnREG. GUSRNBEY cow, HIIFERS f ~ heal WliLgllllll cavuiiumiiiz’ii xo’ilflc "amnion. Mich. JERSEYS , JERSEY BBEEDEBS .ATTEIITIDIII ' l! r several yearhn bulls r for service ‘1. Eli? 3: is Sllser Medal sire and n. M. Dams. Good lookin dmduals. and p sen, Gemini 0d ll unrealiL‘lIci'lin rsnfim‘sdoi' h H e . P 000. Owner .. Shelby. Mich. Farm Supt. JERSEYS. POGIS 99“ OF H. F. AND Young stock for sale. I-lerd State and Federal Government. and descrrption. BELDING, Mich. “$9.1: bre es . fullJyt accredit? bor pm“ v13 W“ lauoil c. WILIUR, ‘ YEAILINO JERSEY BULLS . anhopie 19th Tormentor breeding. a. i. no I ‘ BROWN’SWYISB_ Iron isA-LE—Rseisrsnso snows silvi‘se * I d cows. so one bull. Herd federal ao- FARMS. .Sehewalna. Mich. ‘Rls. Pennington. Mich. Iron: sees—nseis‘rt so snows s‘wrss ’ n -’ ’11 'rd fedenlnecredited. Dome end-see them or write _ ~¢ fonghet you went. Ervln‘R. Moore. Oueo, Mich. able prices, also choice bull calves of ' . ., ' ’~»’ astern ‘ mar _ , "‘Prices ’ 7 A E ; WWWMichigan, .$-1@1.10 per ‘ .This has created a little better feel-H ‘rd . kets , generally are. steadyundersmaller receipts of the good qualities. othay. Some . embar- goes last week curtailed shipments and, very. few..permits were issued. ing as not enough hay arrives , to cause any . accumulation. Western markets, hOWever, are a little lovver, as in some instances the receipts ex- ceed. the"demand. There‘ are many rep'orts of poor hay in the daily ot- ferings. v ’ . 4 Prices ' Detroit—~No. 1 timothy, $16.50 @17; standard, $15@16.60;.‘ligh_t mixed, $16@16.50; No. 2 timothy, $15@15.50; No. 1 clover mixed, $14 @14.50. ,_ ' ‘ Chicago——No. 1 timothy,» $20 @21; standard No. 2, $17 @18; light clover .mixed, $18@19; clover No. '1, $14 @15. ~ . New York—No. 1 Light clover mixed, $23‘@ 24; No. 1 timothy, $23 @24; No. 2, $21@23. Prices one year ago—Detroit, No. 1 timothy, $19@20; standard tim- othy, $18@19. . Aalfalfa—Detroit, No. 1, $14@ 17 per ton; Chicago, No. 1, $22@ 24 per ton. ‘ MISCELLANEOUS MARKET QUOTATIONS Detroit, Tuesday, Jan. 30th. BUTTER—Best creamery, in tubs, 48c per Ib. EGGS—Fresh, according to-qual- ity,,35@361/2c; refrigerator, 26@ 271/20 per doz. : HONEY—Comb, 23@25c per lb. DRESSED EGGS—~90 to 130 Tbs, 11@120; 130 to 160 lbs, 9@100; heavy, 5@8c per lb. . LIVE POULTRY—Best chickens, 210; leghorns, 170; best hens, 22@ 24c; medium hens, 21@22c; small hens, 17c; old roosters, 15c; geese, 16@17c; ducks, 24c for large and 200 for small; large turkeys, 34@ 350; small turkeys, 35c per lb. "J Week of February 4 RIGHT, sunshiny days and clear moonlight nights will usher in the week of February 4. Each day nearer the middle of the week after Sunday will average warmer in Michigan as a result of the eastward movement of a moderate storm center. r By the middle of the week rain 0 snow in scattered localities together with moderately strong winds will have reached the state and immedi— ately following, say about Thursday or Friday, there is expected to be a sudden. and extensive drop in temp— erature., About Saturday of this or Sunday of next week Michigan residents may expect moderate snow and sleet storms with strong winds that. Will cause drifts and blockades in many sections unless proper precautions have been taken. Week of February 11 Rain, sleet or snow will be falling in Michigan as this week begins that may cause local drifts and blockades. These will not necessarily cripple business or transportation for any great length of time, if at all but we do look for a sudden and rapid fall of sleet or snow that in combin— ation With the high winds and storm- iness will occur about Monday but another storm that was formed soon after the last storm got its start will have reached the Lake region about Tuesday. Some wind with snow or sleet may be expected in Michigan just before the middle of the week as a‘consequencep -. During the next two or three days of the week temperatures will drop far below t‘he,normal for this month in Michigan and no moderation is to be expected until after. the middle of the week. . ' ' About Thursday temperatures will be getting warmer in Michigan, the skywill be cloudy and there Will be more. indications of rain Or snow. Much colder weather is to be ex- . ythi Week». Cut mm... CoSISWIi-li i Boiler ilarquiiipman VT doesn‘t matter whether your barn is largeor small -oid or newhyou will find ' products in the bi Porter line that will pay or them- - selves again and again. Get the FACTS about them now—while you have leisureto plan your improve- ments carefully. Just check 2 the items in which you are interested. tear out thispeg’e, write your name and ad- dress in the margin and mail it beck to us. D Steel stalls end eunchions D Litter carriers UFeed carriers DSteel cattle pens DSteel hog pens I U Automatic drinking bowls D Hay tools D Barn door hangers DGarage door hangers DCupolss and ventilators D Barn plans lit." PORTER products have been ’3‘; ;. standard equipment for 55 years ' —every modern improvement for barns and hog barns. if you ex- pect to build or re-model ask for PLAN BOOK Ne. e4 ' I. E. Porter Corporation 532 Guion Street 3 Ottawa, Illinois » ling, spring and fall boars. Farm 4 Gratiot 00., Ml pected. during the closing .days 01_ “39p amiable Since Sixty-E 13717!" from picture which shows larger ca- pacity machines. Get our plan of easy MONTHLY PAYMENTS and handsome free catalog. Whether dairy is large or small, write today. AMERICAN SEPARATOR co. I“ 106., Bainbfldgo.H.Y. lli F- 'i‘llllilll. ‘ Write for lobafl's , 1923 from-grower prices. Catalog 3. M. ISBELL 3. COMPANY 1 _0[5[[ Isbell’s Michigan-grown Garden Seeds assure a big-yielding, profit- e‘7(3i15 '31 ' Boo“ ; , FREE the you own or intend tobuythis year-and mention the name and address of your implement dealer. We'llmail' you free afiO—page Farmers’ RecordandAccount Book. Thisisarrangedfortheess takmg' diamond household inventories, and yfor the I: he of simple accounts which ' show a com to and accurate ' condition of your year’s busi- nesthwillhelpyoufindsndstopthemmeyleeb. Ask also for P (Intel co the .mm..:"°°.. . t...” WW1. ...... whyyourdollarabuylnoreinePlpec. _: PAP"? MACHINE COMPANY 187 Main St. Shorteville. N. Y. so distributing Houses enable Papec dealers to owe prompt service APE - ENSILAGE CUTTER]- 4" THROWS AND BLOWS" ” ' - r FOR SALE! USED MACHINERY 16 H., 18 11, 20 H. 25 II. Nichols do IShepard Traction Engines, 106 l H., .. H. lluher, 18 ll., 2 ll. RumeLY. 18 11., ‘J l) H. Pitts, 20 H. Reeves, 8 H Aiiltnian & ’i‘aylor 1 8 H. Minneapolis. 23 in. Aultnian & Taylor threshcr, 28 and 32 in. .l. 1. Case, 28 in, 3‘ In. and 36.111. \Vood Bros.._ 36 in. Cape. 82 121. Minneapolis. SillillWlCl’l Belt Power Press. Write tor our complete second hand list. Buy used machinery and save money. THE BANTING MFG. 00. E979 Dori- St... Toledo. Ohio WANT TO SELL POULTRY 1’ AN AD IN 1‘1. B. F. WILL DO IT BRAND able garden, for they are thoroughbred stock—the result of 44 years of development and selection. Send today, for Isbell’s 1923 Seed Annual. giving valuable information on quality seeds and quoting direct- 731 Mechanic St. (41) IacksonJflleh. .SAL Canadian blood. 30 Registered Duroc Jersey Bred Sows and Gilts; 43 Registered Shropshire Ewes, at Fair Grounds, Hillsdale, Mich. Wednesday, Feb. 21, 1923, at 12.30 P. M. The only chance to buy sows bred to 1922 Grand champion at Mich] Thls offering it sOWs ls intensely Orion cherry King bred, and ewesg‘lgclfdgtelnglmmod and A rare opportunity for Boys and Girls Clubs. Don't delay. Send for catalog and plan to “tend. 'j CLYDE GODFREY, Jonesville, Mich. COLS. F. W. BUSCHE, J. D. POST. F. E. HAYNES, AUCT|0NEERS HEREFORDS PRODUCE YOUR OWN RS UNDER Einiifiiiiia HEREFORD BEEF PLAN which guarantees maximum prices. Investigate personally the success of other Michigan Farmers. For further informa- tion “rite g \ l T. F. B. SOTHAM & SON (Herefords since 1839) St. Clair. Mich. E —FOR SALE H R liiills, nlso few females. WM. C. DICKEN, Smyrna, Mich. AYRSHIRES M ,,.,,,,M, ,. FOR SALE—REGISTERED AYRSHIRE bulls and bill} calves, heifers aiiil heifer new“. i m -i i ' cows. A‘ltj-‘ii'i‘i'biidvcesnosu R 5, Vassar. Mich. SW IN E ‘) I .. ("4 ~ DUROCS 61n- ncw hie“! boar. Sired _ “Marci” Reserve grand» champion National .Swme Show 1922. We are taking orders for exits and sows forspring {arrow bred to this wonilcrtul'hoar. SCHAFFER BROS.. Route 4, Oxford, Mich. H offers choice weanling Duroc , pigs. either i’ iced ver reasonable. Write us. .691 r INWO D BROS.. Romeo, Mich. HILL chssr ounces, PERRIINTOIJE MiciliLa br wen sows am 013 een g1 3% '55:: of GREAT ORION SENSATION, Year- NEWTON a. BLANK Middieion,’ miles straight. south of CHESTER \VIIITES ensesows AND FALL GILT8_ FOR SALE some tell its. Pedigrees furnished. flown souls. Route No. 1, Reese, Mich. 0.1.0. REGISTERED o. i. c. BRED GILTS WED; few fall ‘ sale. \Vciuliing 250 lbs. - ‘ J. n. VAN ETTEN, Clifford, will? BERKSHI RES BEM'ILLERS BIGGER, BETT Auction at. \Vilktll‘llsu, Ind. TERT‘DS‘FJRE: bred sows, writ/c for cats. “€119... ' V" ' l. BEMILLER, Elkhart, Ind. HAllIl’SHIRES A CHANCE TO GET SOME REAL HAMP: Shires. Boar pigs sired by (‘eii l’ershin ‘ I 1 f . ., . . g A am G)ilt lodge‘ Fipton, Messenger All Over 10th. gen: Ierslllug Jolt, and other great boars. Writes for list and prices. DETROIT HOG (IlililAMlCliY FARM, Route 7, Mt. Clemens, Mich. HAMPSHIRES—SPRING BOARS AND BRED gilLs from 25 sows to select from Place our order now or you mav be to late. liltlib y _ , . year. J HN W. SNYDER, R. 4. St. Johns. Mich. HAMP8HIRE BRED GILTS $20—$25 8 8d sows $30—$50. Guarantee safe 1.1" ' I ‘ tered free. 0. F. Luckhard. Bach,p [High R8518 STIEEP 800 BRED EWES FOR SALE in_lots of 50 or more, black faced, from 1 to 4 yrs. old; no broken months, in good condition bred to Shro shire and Oxford rams to lamb May Leger}? biz mute; S. Vg.Dof Detroit on De- ian ooeccan "l' - egraph address, ckwood. um hghway' Tel ALMOND B. 9HAPMAN, So. Rockwood, Mich. 50 HEAD REGISTERED, BRED SHROPSH‘IRE gwefiéhlsgge.iyvell cotyfired. 111 a; 4 years. In 'flne ' ea ree(l con ion. no estain h d. LEM¥N a. sous, Dexter, lislgfi‘}89o' SH OPSHIBES—“P .REG'STERED ism-E. [lulu BROOHERthEOfiI‘l't. will” 4,3‘5‘fi2m KEEP THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS FARMER COMING. SEE PAOE 25. .. Model No. I I Capacity 500 litres (1135 lbs.) of milk per hour. ' Free V of mill: per _ T . l ‘ hour Your choice of any of these three models. NO MONEY DOWN—FREE TRIAL—SMALL MONTHLY PAY- MENTS—DUTY FREE. This wonderful Belgium Melotte Separator has been picked by a jury of thous- ands of farmers—picked by dairy experts throughout the world to be the “king” of all separators ever manu- factured. It has broken all records for/Efficiency of Skimming, Ease of Turning, Convenience of Operation and Durability. Send coupon below for Big Free Book. ' mnnnnnnnmnnmnnnnnnmmmmnpnflmnnmnnng “Imlvivlllllltl The Melotte Separator, H. B. Babson, U. s. Mgr. 2843 West 19th Street, Dept. 9302, Chicago. Ill. 2445 Prince Street, Berkeley, Calif. Without cost to me or obligation in any way, please send me the Melotte catalog which tells the full story of this wonderful separator and M. Jules Melotte, its inventor and hundreds of letters from American farmers. Name ; . ‘ \ V : Address * Co. Post Ofl‘ice' State ________ __ w in . ,. £1 \ Self Balancing Bowl ‘ " The Belgium Melotte is the only single-bearing-bowl separator ever made. This patent Bowl hangs from one frictionless ball bearing and spins like a top. It is selfibalancing. It skims as perfectly after 15 years of use as when new. Positively cannot ever get out of bal- ance—cannot vibrate and thus cause cross currents which waste cream by remixing with milk. Send coupon below today. Get the Free Book that tells about this great Melotte. We will send an imported Belgium Melotte Cream Separator direct to your farm on 30 dayS’ abso- lutely Free Trial. ‘ Use it just as if it were your own machine. Put it to every possible test. Compare it with any or all others. The Melotte is easy to keep clean and sanitary because it has only one-half the tinware of other separators. Turns so easily that bowl spins 25 minutes after you stop cranking un- less brake is applied. No other separator has or needs a brake. After you have tried it for 30 days and you know it is the separator you want to buy, pay $7.50 down and balance in small monthly payments. Model No. 7 Capacity 325 litres ( 7 40 lbs.) Write Mail coupon for catalogue giving full descrip- tion of this wonderful “cream separator. Don’t buy any separator until you have found out out all youican about the Melotte and details], of our 15-year guarantee. Don’t wait——- b sure to mail coupon TODAY! ‘ ‘. .. MELOTTE SEPARATOR, :5: mm 2843 West 19th Street. Dept. 9302 Chicago. Ill. . . 2445 Prince Street. Berkeley, Calif“. owgw'-‘ fin.- Model No. 6 Capacity 275 litres (625 lbs.) of milk per hour ¢‘. ".1 , r 14: 1" 1