Are You 11:61:6ny On: I ! _An Independent Farm Magazine Owned and _ Edtd in Michiganw SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1923 . Y%XV£_§E€§S 3% WW ‘- ~. ?¥3{;§’3§§3r‘. wsi: :> \ sea _‘ v E: “1* 1 ngfi. . w ' I find sweet peace in the depths of autumn Woods, Where grow the ragged ferns and roughtened moss; The naked, silent trees have taught me this—— The loss of beauty is not always loss! . ——Elizabeth Stoddard; ‘ a Read; Representation Basis of Citizenship—Hints On Harnesting and Storing Seed Potato Crop. .IMGAN took another. stay for: " ward in it tight. to place the 4 ‘ poducts of the Michigan ms: firemost an the markets when eminent of the potato grade thh state'- by‘ the. Department of ‘ Agriculture. went ch3th Monday, September Market experts d‘e— ' clause that it: is particularly mount is am about lmiiform grading, oil! ‘3‘- Wm because they are grown; om- , 3' such a. large territory and: shipped 1, ' t as, my digterent Them 3 no question: that some potatoes not up to Wartime Wm he snip- ped to New York and other eastern ,markets, but while nothing formerly could he done about. it now the in- spector er. the U. S. Bureau of. Mark- ets can, and no doubt will, make trouble for shippers ‘ found to be misrepresenting their stock. Mr. William- P. Hartmany who is deputy commissioner of agriculture inthismmmmfm‘ portamdtbmodgnfiuh’tb tarmendmcmsthmm estimated. www.wsmym standawmmmdmm .tacmhmmdm-W ' problenrmmmamm .110 until communism.” ducts are met: good. and W theymf‘tgatwemfwr; Mists fact a! tin tame, min to that! gfletahwmmmm havemwmwmmw i izat'fion, storage and advertising are needed just as well as standardiza- tion. These four are cardinal fact- ors in the market system, but it'any ousofitheseinweakmewhol‘am tem is weak.' “Mandatory grades mean much to the shipper and indirectly to the grower,” says Mr. Hartman. the shipper knows that only good. at certain quality are‘ being ofiered to him he does not hesitate to pay the top' price for that grade: But when ,poor stuff is included along with the. high quality products the grower re— ceives the bottom price tor the whole.” The first step in this state to be taken in the effort for better market- mw’MtwwW Thin 1111921: thdsaoflcmmmam MWMW.W mmmrmmnmmm ens. (immaturme to ~ mm mm “0128mm moonwa— __ , Invest in a McConnicic—Deering for Fall Plowing and Belt Work - -"rlie‘sa proper comideration. Needless to :' 1am. they have not Ma’suocess. or course it h to be realizd that m— , “When - SupaW-Ihfng macaw—fin!” court I Up to date the deputnmtpfhgrip culture has confined its! almost en. threr to mrk o! stanchrdization and ~ inspection, and establishment of a market news service as the Michigan 53mm Cow has Wed m the formation of the market organ» ization. Market information on ' grapes, peaches, apples and onions is .sent out. from the market news clubi m at Benton Harbor. This office: is maintained jointly by state and‘ federal mm. The address will! be changed to Grand Rapids after Otto- ber 15th, where the ofl'ice will. be maintained until. May, as it chiefly concerns potatoes during the Winter months. hesent Grades m Elma: At present mandatory grades for w »_ ,r r. I? w r y. r .J',‘ ,4,» “1“.va s1 “$.37; W3. ‘1‘ “inflatith WhW—Ifiuh‘lfim himfichmmehlytha mhrdvahmadm This is a W he the cutie d the am airfiawmh kmwfimflnmfaawin WmW‘WFMa pastsde qunal— kyintheentixem kkaimficau mmfidmm mam k-M—amo! Ir 5 - &\\m dwmhmmimndfieiu- landfills” Makeuknd .- MM”W,W Weigh-figm'flemhmh Make m‘mw stifling em pn'ntdfilvhyfiingmw haw-M153)“: w . , __ ,.._. ,.._..- .-.....-- . County: . hence . ‘ “med til ($113611!th Wed ;. to _ the an entirely Ikw ‘trfia'flree " grades were) adopted—“mice. able wipes," “Choice Gavan.” audio. 2 -_ Grapes.” Last ~whiler these -‘Iere enacted into m: This season the department has- tom: men and the giro-overss m mm mm the in- spection service: in WWrn States gradm on males were prmmfigatsd only four mks also. W rulings of the de- partment, they are as. binding as lam. These- grwd‘ea cmsist. at" "Ill. S. Fancy. I,” $1. No. I,” “'U'. S. No. 2‘," and "U53. No. 3’." Growers Want Grades The petition for the promulgation of potato grades was signed by the Michigan Potato Growers" Exchange, the Michigan Shippers’ Association, the. mm W Moors’ As- sociation and the m Agricul- tural W The m adopted m M m Wished by the W m m of Mar- mmwmd an “un- M Ila Man Pota- to W m ms to ship why III. S» M Mb. 1 Names un- m ms “W W Irand. Last your mum sipped 19- 5257 cm d" m m the state m m on; m and antral west- ern mm my Man pota- mm mass m they were m;mhmmd those of m m no law um received WWmere in di- rect cum in me my prices re- mm luv W potatoes. _ would to have the W of Agriculture co- m m (M! W Bureau of mm and put an an inspection mime all any point,” uni Mir. mm “ms; would be m Inuit the Went has MMmu-mw do so. flmmuflmfl s get to- m and m M flair goods WMmeing rules, than. “MhMWMthe other m m WEEK ON m MEI, m the 1mm serious drains on W WSW: in: a statement ‘m’_ mm mm of this fire Wm M m m has been report- ed! ‘eauiim mean all $500,000,000. The big Him fin this sum who,“me fires and cm in cm and towns. M W m map available for the m]! m at m property by he, its: idle. Secretary, but W My: foamiito be on Wmmmmfltflso on the W and W the “now ma- m m W,000——the mum. more may mower $100,- 000),,M. W Chow has designated W 9 a Fire Prevention Day, W W “than organiza- tiim\ New in mvation of w W wealth: use urging that the entire: week at October 7-13 be cm was Flare Hamilton Week. Dining day and: weak much will he said firm the mm, as well as thrown: the press, on: the: necessity ton greater me and wort in the prevention of line: losses... Less of thrlie will: reach the farmer than: the city W. In any case, it will all he vain: miles: the own— ers: and users of property individual— l‘y take heed 311m personal thought the the fire mum. om mm WMTINE ' mm 'MENSIQN oi the. Fadieml quar- tilm' European ens-m borer to additional cities and in; New England, New York, Ohio, and attentive 0km 1st, was by this madman! Horticult- ' ural Board, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture reCently. As the pest gradually spreads to new fields, the area under quarantine is. widened. The new territory becomes V ‘ subject to the" quarantine regulations aimed to’keep the'pest in check. The new townships, in Michigan that 'go . under quarantine Combat 1 aretleshi: 'rhyrog, m Warns cm 1‘3. .lamflenroe") ‘ v61}. 11‘, No. 4' i' Being absolutely independent . 1&1 our columns are 0 en for ‘t’: discussion of any Eubject 1hr '~ I mining to the farming business. Sv’ ' s “The ‘Only Farm Magazine Owned and Edited in Michigan” I (in-ms, was. TWO YEARS ‘1' fl W .n nth ‘ ter, August 22. 1917 at tho -oilics at M blemens, ., under act of March 3rd, 1879. Asks loi- Representation 0n Basis of Citizenship Mrs. Dora 'Stockman of State Board of Agriculture Say-s People Want Educational Qualificafions I for Voters of Michigan EPBESENTATION in state at— !mins on the basis of citizenship ratiiathamenthehasisoi more nanniesch population is .an idea that is winning support from unex- pected sources and in unlocked for volume. according to Mrs. Dora Shockman, member 01 the state board of agriculture. “Now It is evident that people are so strongly for the idea of citizenship representation let us go a step fur- ther sndrnnre closely and painstak- ingly define What citizenship shall be,” said Mrs. Stockman, Monday, when asked wither concerning her ideas for mee'ling the re-apport‘ion- meet issue. Asks Educational Test. ‘Let us have representation in our legislative councils on the basis of citizenship, and let us see to it that the citizenship which is to be room; sented is an intelligent citizenship—.- toput the matter bluntly it is high time that we had an educational qualification for citizenship in this state Where not only good reason for this View. but there is ample precedent. Nearly a third of the state now have educational qualifi— cations and the tendency in that «di- rection has been increasing in recent years. The increase has come in the south and the west. It may be ob- jected that the limitation of sut- fra-ge in the south, through aneduca- tional qualification, was not quite bonafide and done in a spirit of ex- treme partisanship, but than does not by any means discount the whole tendency. Massachusetts and Oonnec— tlcut have long flied educational re- quirements for voters and those laws have wor‘lced well. They were passed early in the “£03, More the civil war, and experience has shown no reason to letdown one has. We ed- ucational qualifications worked so well for the states mentioned that Maine copied the law. and both 'Wy- am: and Wnfldngton have fallen in line. “Wasflngtm requires that a voter shall both speak and read the Eng- Valuable Hints on Y adopting more careful methods at beneath: and aiming the panic mg. Hiahkan growers on me the“ at imbue amen- ally. 'm keeping quality at potatoes maths smashes which they ppm- ena when tinned on the meant is determined m’bsggely by the cane med iln Meeting and storing them. ' .Mtnes should he dug when they are well untamed no that the skin in not sally broken intend-ling. Jin— momve Wes are easily bruised and Skinned. Such stock takes on .a. dark solar which senders them um— deeirable m the market. Further- more immature potatoes are apt to not in storage and the shrinkage loss is heavy. lit possible the digging should be done :on brig-ht .0001 days and when the soil is comparatively dry. When harvested under those conditions the potatoes will maintain .a brighter color and will keep better in storage than when dug _.in warm rainy weath- or. One of the main criticisms "on the markets against Michigan mmm is that many lots show too high _ a. percentage of mechanical infirm. Growers are urged to use more mire When dissing with a lislh language. This is a requirement which writes pretty closely home to what many earnest-minded citizens are thinking these days. Another state with an intelligent electorate in Castrwnia, Delaware and New Hamp- shire“ also requine literacy. The southern slates requiring an educa- State to Continue to ANUFACTURE'A“ binder twine is to continue at the Jackson community from [and ng being emphat- [(23317 40111811 h! M “I State Prison. the Mn State Prison Commis- sion, and Warden Harry L. Hurlburt vigorously Lansing dispatches stating the mun-actors of twineistooeaseatthelocalpenal institution. m 1mm as issued by Chairman Barney, o! the prison commission, is as inflows: “We not-e by dispatches 1mm Lans- ing in moo papers article‘s to the sellout that Jackson prison is to dimflnne the mnutacture bind- er “Epeaking as chairman of the Michigan State Prison Commission I wish to say that the commission has never my such move. nor do they contemplates any such action. I can not understand where this rumor originated. “The binder twine industry at J aaclcson has always been the big money marker of all the industries in our The sale has always been profitable and freight rates have nothing whatever to do with our in- ability to meet competition in west- ern markets, due to the fact this is equalized. “Our sales for the year 1923 amounted to $1,606,615.22, showing a pmfit to the slate of $161,397.59. All raw materials are purchased and on hand for the 1924 harvest and 12,000,000 pounds will be made. tional qualification are Alabama, Ariwna, New Mexico, Georgia, Louie- iana, Mississippi” North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, andOkla- homa. Arizona and ‘Neng‘exico are more western and are doubtless ani- mated by progressive rather than racial teenage in the matter of re- Make Binder Twine “This is one of the industries that has been‘ of great benefit to the farm- ers of the state, keeping down the price of hinder twine to the con-- summer, for which they would pay a. great deal more were it not for their own industry at Jackson. The farm- ers of this state have purchased near- ly 6,000,000 pounds this year.” The Warden also declared that the state monuments-he the highest grade of twine and sell it at a much lower price to the farmer, but that ‘ it is necessary to turn it out in large quantities and dispose of the surplus in other states in order to do that. The Warden said: “Our twine is up to the highest grade of any goods on the market -——there is none better. To make profits, production must be had. It is not practical to run a binder twine plant of just suflicient size to fill Michigan’s requirements. This is _ the reason we sell in other states. This is done by every prison that makes binder twine and our tonnage last year «of fourteen millions enabl- ed us to sell at a price that saved the farmers money. We not only sell to the jobber, but :to the dealer and to the consumer. “With our binder twine plant closed it would only cause other prisons to sell into our state and leave the field open for the big man- ufacturers to hold the price sky high and I am conscious in saying that this industry should be kept moving at all times. I also insist that the governor has never at any time ad- (Continued on Page 22) stricting the privilege of voting. “It seems to me that we 818 am pretty well agreed that democracy, if it means anything, means an im telllgent participation in goveran We are so firmly of this view as a people that we spend millions of do]— lars annually, in educating our young people. Why does the state spend so much on education?——.le this state expenditure a gift 1:0 the individual? Essentially it is not-— the state makes these large educa- tional appropriations to the end an intelligent citizenship. Since, then, we require so much of our: selves, Why throw the point 01 our large expenditures to the wind, and discretion as well, and give the bah lot to new comers almost without question? “Extension of the right of suffrage has gone forward in the last century. particularly in the last part of it, in an unprecedented way. On the whole this has been right and whole- some so far as it has tended to bring intelligence to the affairs of the na- tion, in the widest way;‘ but, since we have been so prodigal in this ex— tension, is it not high time that we begin to trim the raw edges that have resulted from this wide inclu- sion of voters? “In limiting the vote to those who can read and write or otherwise man- ifest a fair degree of intelligence, there cannot be any possible thought of building up an oligarch-y of edu- cation, for the reason that, on every hand, we provide means of overco-..n- ing the handicap of illiteracy. Any new comer who cares enough about our government and our ways to learn to read and write. surely will be welcome as a, citizen, and, fur-— thermore, the second generation of the illiterate ought certainly to :be able to read and write if they are to be accounted desirable citizens. “Democracy in America is coming to its real testing in the years that are immediately ahead—let us trust to real intelligence and not to mere numbers when we come in one on— ficulties.” Harvesting and Storingof Michigan’s Seed Potato Crop By H. C. MOORE Extension specialist, Michigan Agricultural College the potatoes but every fork pricked potato when placed in storage is apt to serve as a host 'mr vzarious molds and potato rotting organisms which spread though the bin and 08.1188 great losses. The use of the me- chanical diggers is becomlng more general throughout the state. When properly operated these machines dig the crop with .a amount of injury. The shovel point should be adjusted deep enough to amid cutting the tubers. In very light dry soil it may be necessary to place the shovel point quite deep so that suiiieient soil can :be run over the elevator chain to prevent serious injury to the potatoes. In most cases three or four horSes are re- quired to draw a digging machine. It is very important that the ma- chine be driven at a slow uniform pace. Fast driving will greatly in- crease the amount of injury to the potatoes. Amer .the potatoes have been dug leave. them on .the‘ ground for an 11% or so to dry and toughen their 3 . ~ Stone‘s .Botatees should be stored in a duhflMproafoeflaersmn ventilated, and where 3 Wm temperature of 34 to 40 degrees F. can be maintained. Before placing potatoes in storage they should be candufly graded and all out, fork punctured and ill—shaped stock should be discarded. The mechanical graders of the continuous belt type are very effect— ive in grading for size, but it will be necessary for the operator to throw out by hand all undesirable potatoes. The grader should be operated at a moderate speed so that eflectlve sort— ing can he done and serious injury to the potatoes be prevented. The potatoes should :be dumped carefully on the grader and burlap sacks or other suitable material from the grader to the bin or con- tainer. The potato is a perishable product and should be handled as such. Potatoes that have been exposed to frost should not be placed in per- manent storage since they are likely to rot during the storage period. ‘ Every year considerable loss is sustained by growers who store their potatoes early in the fall when the weather is warm. Much o: the early stored stack is immature and when placed in large piles in poorly vent— ilated houses is very apt to heat ml spoil. During mild weather in the tall the Windows and doors of {the stor- age cellar should be left open night! so that the temperature of the isms—- age «seller can be lowered quickly. During the first few weeks of zeta!— age potatoes go through .a process giving out large amounts of moisture. This moisture with the heated air must be taken out of one storage by means of ventilatons in the top of the storage. not place potatoes in large piles without pro- viding adequate ventilation for the pile. Potatoes must have free we eess to air or they will develop black heart, button rot and other types of break down, and will be spoiled (for eating and seed purposes. When filling large bins with potab- toes, place at intervals of .6 or 8 feet false partitions or ventilating frames that reach from the floor to the top of the bin. These frames can be made from 2—in. x 6—in. up— rights with 1-in. x 4—i-n. strips nailed on either edge. A one inch space should be left between each strip. Harvesting and storing are two factors that must be giwen more con- sideration by growers, warehouse- ,men and others before the but re- sults can be secured. Mailed in: formation on these subjects can be procured tram the Michigan WP cultural Collage. East Issuing,- Mich. z i; Q, g p p; , ‘ :_ i t ,7 g 1 p 0w Many; tumps re - _ Walked 45 Miles in Nine Years Plowing Around a Stamp. Another Blew Cut (1, Stamp At Cost of 75 Cents and Raised $1.50 Worth of Potatoes on Spot Same Year 5 - »One Man the farming community in which he lived and conducted his busi- ness, Banker Abbot occupied uch‘ the same place in that com— unity as the good doctor who prac— ced there. Which means simply, . at Banker Abbot made regular and requent trips about the district min— tering to the financial needs of the Here and encouraging them to reater effort in the reduction of air “paper.” V It was Farmer Bill Smith’s turn 0!]. the routine lecture. 60 it was that ’Banker Abbot and Farmer ii at the rear of the eighty, sizing "up the season’s crop and speculat- ng on the possible financial return. 'I They had just about figured out how i -" marked: ,“N0 Bill—not that kind.” ,ed out across the ficld before them. ' Bill ' been. looking at ’em just thataway a :fer nigh onto ten years now.” quite Abbot that year when, warning, Ban'ker said: , “Bill, I see you are troubled a lot with tramps out here,” and he turn- ed to Farmer Smith inquiringly. ’ “Tramps?”——Bill looked up sur— lprised, shifted his chew, and re- “Why no, Mr. Abbot, we don’t have no tramps around here to amount to much. ’Casionally they drift in, but I give ’em one look at the wood pile and they’re gone again thout ez much as a word of thanks,” and he chuckled heartily at his own joke. shook his head. He point— Banker Abbot “Bill, do you see those old white and Norway "pine stumps out there on those plowed fields?” looked up. “Reckon so— “Correct you are,” and Banker Abbot brought his fist down with a resounding whack on the fence rail. “,‘and those are the ‘tramps’ I’m tal‘k— ing about. They’re worse than the other kind, Bill. You don’t think you’re feeding them, because you can’t see them eat, but you ARE—— and if you would be honest with me you would lay out a good healthy bill of expense, directly chargeable Abbot,” “Lookee here, Mr. and Farmer Bill took on a much abused. By A. J. McADAMS Land Clcaring Division, hIichigan Agricultural College air, “you’re a sittin’ down there in your office every day, and I’m out here a plowin’ my fields fer the sow— in.’ Now I ain’t a tryin’ to tell you how to run your bank, ’11 ’f I know it, you ain’t a goin’ to tell me how to run my farm. I’ll pay them notes—I’ll clear that mortgage—I’ll —I’ll——” and Bill suddenly _ran Out of things he’d do. Banker Abbot expected it. He reached in his pocket for his pad and pencil—the same pad 011 which but a moment before they had figur— ed how to lift the mortgage from Bill’s farm—rested it on a fence post, and said: “Here; Bill, let me show you, on paper. “First of all, you have, say, eight stumps on an acre—that’s a fair av- erage, isn’t it?” Farmer Smith allowed as how it was. “Surely you realize that the ground occupied by these stumps represents, in itself, a considerable cro-p‘area. That's just the first point, and THAT’S true—how about it, Bill?” 1 Bill shifted uneasily; he couldn’t deny it, so he rather reluctantly “guessed it was.” Abbot grabbed his chance, and went right on. “Now you not only lose the ground occupied _by the stumps, but there is always a' cer‘ tain area around each stump that is lost because you can’t get your plow close to that stump. Figure THAT up at the rate of eight stumps to the acre, and that amounts to some— thing, doesn’t it?” Once more the argument was faultless, and Bill “um-m—med” his rather hesitant approval; Bill was human—and he didn’t like his o‘wn “Surely you realize that the ground occupied by these stumps represents in itself, considerable a. crop about it, Bill?" ill‘t‘fl. That’s just the first point, and THAT’S true—how case battered down so "thoroughly— and quickly. ' “Very well,” Banker Abbot steam- ed ahead—“Year after year, that represents a considerable area. and a more considerable loss of crop. Bill, I know a farmer who had just one white pine stump on his farm. He left it there, year after year-— until he finally got to figuring just what it was costing him. He doped it out that it. not only meant a loss in crops of several hundred dollars over that period, but that, 'figuring in the breakage of material, loss of his own time, and the time of his team, that stump was a positive draw—back, and he blew it out. “It cost that farmer seventy-five cents to blast that one stump. He planted that exact area in potatoes, and realized $1.50 on‘ their sale that year. He made fifty percent on his investment for explosives. Not a bad percentage of profit, was it, Bill?” Bill was clearly stumped—and in- terested to boot. Furthermore, there was a perceptable distance between his upper and lower lips, denoting surprise, and the expression didn’t escape Ban‘ker Abbot’s notice. He tightened his hold with another il— lustration: “Why, Bill, I can take you to an- other farmer who has worked the same field for nine years. During that nine year period he has walked forty—five miles around one stump. Just ONE stump, Bill, and here you have a whole field of them. Think of that extra effort. Think of the extra time—and all of it unneces— sary, and the money, Bill———it’s prec— ious time and energy you’re losing here, and it all costs money.” Bill’s eyes were popping just a bit ——that forty—five-mile—walk had hit home. “I’ll wager,” went on Banker Ab- bot, cinching his argument like a seasoned salesman, “that you have broken several sickle bars, rake teeth, cultivator shoes and plow points—to say nothing of harnesses and whiffle trees, just working around those stumps. How about the time involved in making those repairs? How about the money lost (Continued on page 22) Farming Emerging From Serious Depression and Is Very Much on Mend By JOHN H. KRAFFT VERY farmer, as well as every other business man, is always interested in the financing of his business. Unfortunately, there 8 not much thought given to the roper financing of agriculture dur— ing prosperous years as there should but invariably when business .slackens and agriculture becomes less profitable, this matter is given a reat deal of thought, and there is Vinv’ariably a great deal said and Written, and recommendations made for legislators, and often by men who are not thoroughly qualified, or by those who are not primarily in— terested in the welfare of the farmer and agriculture generally, but in their own individual welfare. Often this is the case with legisla— tors who are primarily interested in .mobilizing Votes by promising im- possible things. Legislation of the right type is very important to any business. However, legislation in itself will never improve economic conditions, and further legislation f-Which is agitated will, not benefit farming one iota. There already have been establish— jed, by Acts of Congress, instrument- alities or agencies for the extension of credit to the farming industry, " hich offer the American farmer etter facilities and better credit *5 an is true in any other country in e world. 'Some of these agencies {‘ re Comaratively new and,_ due to 'fact‘that they haVe not béen put .the use they should have been hg _to-a lack of understanding of» farmers, and often the bankers, ' s ,i not shown their real worth. is truethat up until recent years .tfacilities available to the farmer, “financing his business, were many IN this article, which is the first of a. series of four, the writer discusses the clumch that have taken place in agriculture the last fcw years and what is being done to help the farmer finance his business. This article will be followed. with three others discussing the three distinct classes of financing agricul- tnrc: 1. Short Time Loans through the farmer’s local banker, and the additional facilitics ofl’crcd through the Federal Reserve Bank; 2. Intcrmcdiatc (“i-edit Loans to finance the production and marketing of crops and live stock, either through local bank or cooperative markcting organization; 3. Long Time Loans for the purchase of land. through the banks operating under the Fed- eral Farm Loan Act. “’atch for it. The first. one will appear in an early issue. years behind facilities offered other types of business. This fact'was thoroughly realized by our Govern- ment, with the result that this fact has been changed. This was not only brought about by the farmers’ interest in this matter, but on ac- count of the public's interest. The business of feeding the world un— doubtedly was our 'first business, and at the present time is the biggest and most important business in the world. An adequate food supply is the first and greatest concern of every nation. Our Government is looking into the future with the idea of providing for, and insuring, the continued production, of .food in abundance, and to make the produc— tion of this food as profitable as is possible and consistent with econom- ical conditions. Farming, like .all industries, has ‘ I its periods of prosperity and depres- sion. During the period of war, and the hectic time which followed im— mediately after the war, agriculture flourished. 'During the period of depression agriculture, in commOn with other industries, sufferedsev- erely. Study History of Agriculture Every farmer can profit very ma— terially by studying the history of agriculture and the history of, fin- ancing. Perhaps the farmer had need for additional credit facililties from the beginning of time, but in this, as in all matters of progress, the need had to be sharply felt be- fore it could be defined andbefore a remedy could suggest itself. For twenty years American agriculture had been undergoing a basic change. The tremendous growth of the Unit— ' ed States to its present position of wealth and power was due, to a great extent, to the economical and political policies which made pos— sible and encouraged the rapid and continued extension and develop- ment of new agricultural areas. When our country was opened to settlers there was a great area of very fertile land available, and this invited men of ambition and indus- try. These free lands meant to the settler, who had brought his tract under cultivation, an ample reward for his labor and hardship, by the fact that he owned the land. As these free lands disappeared a brief area of cheap lands followed, which with the rapid increase in population was soon followed by a rise in' land values. With the free lands entire; ly gone and with no cheap lands left, eXCepting those which cannot be cul- tivated, and those that require the investment of large capital for drainage or irrigation, or large ex— penditure for fertilization, the Gov— ernment found that the development of farming could no longer be left to chance, but called for both money and organizing genius. As long as there was undeveloped frontier it was possible to grant free land to settlers. The farming front- ier was rapidly 'pushed from the At— lantiC'Coast to the Allegheny Moun- tains, and through the Ohio into the great Northwestern terr _itory, through Kentucky and Tennessee, across the Mississippi to the Rockies, over the Great Divide and across the Great American Desert to the Pacific Coast. The limit has been reached. The frontier «has gone and there is no more free land, The greatest (Continued on" page 19)» ‘ -aA. _ . _._ WamWfinr_«:-N \ \ SAILS ALONE ACROSS ATLANTIC—Alain Ger- bault, French sportsman, who made a single handed' voyage from Gibraltar to Fort Totten, Long Island, N. J., He made the trip in a 30-foot boat in 100 days. -§ - u who won a baby parade held recently it prize as the E. g i, l. E} LEVIATHAN OF AIR MAKE SUCCESSFUL FLIGIIT.—-A view of the ZR-l, 3.: the first American-made, rigid dirigible, leaving her immense hanger at Lake- ; hurst, N.- J., just before making her first flight, which was a complete success. 1;. . {£2 ,,,,, ._ if 3: if: in the public conversation, month been very much inspections made was to be done away with and the immigrants are coming. i 4!: '3 I l , i S pk w. :w my. ' , yaw-mmr w One dog drives their petrol wagon while the others take their ease. hard about leading a. dog's life in this instance, we'd say. ‘ / ELLIS ISLAND, N. Y.——This immigration inspection island, has in the. last due to the reports that in the countries from which JUST TOURINGr—A troupe of dog'actors and actresses touring the country. Nothing it at Keansburg, “Oh-'3.- ‘ IT FITS INTO ing bout. it is absolutely LARGEST SINGLE single urm bridge. at St. President Millerund w" 5 opened by .\ I I . : q . WW “\“t‘azmwk' ._ WHO SAID \VE DON’T \VANT A CLOCK WATCIIER‘Z—Tiny Audrey Vincent of Montclair, “Alarm Clock" in N. J. A SI'I’I‘CASI4L—Ernest The bout can be folded up like a. suitcase. As it waterproof and A RNI IN THE l’ierre-du—qul \' ruy. October 0N INTERESTING EXPEDITION.-—-Capt. Roger commander of in}: round the world, to locate supply stations for two English aviators to fly around the world. Pocock, weighs 0“ feet long, and 98.4 feet wide. I JAPAN SVVEPT BY EARTHQUAKE.—A general view of Tokyo, Jupan, which has been devastated by earthquake, tire and tidal wave, resulting. in heavy loss of live. Many Shackleton in the Shackleton fold- is made of hide ten pounds-a. a little over \VORLD.—Ilcre SY Frontiersnmn, is scout- «.2. 0),.» . A Amino-nu is the world’s largest: ltirer Seine, France. It on the Lilli. The bridge is 393.7 other cities were destroyed. (Copyright, Keystone View Co.l hall" 'K or»: All a cripple, have been for ayes“ I past and I am also blind in one eye. I am now 29 years old and have suf- fered each day for 22 years and all be- cause I did not get help soon enough after an accident. I! I received $100,000 hacheckbymalewonldueeevery pain, of it to help other cripples who alter pain each day and haven’t the E 8' a “#3 § $00,000,117me: miracle ever happens, I amde for would thunk I were 9 N a 5'} G i 3 3 g E g z A touring car would be for pleasure. The house would be equipped with all minder would be banked for a rainy day. 4n. G. E, mddievine, Michigan. “he Fm.——Whatlwoulddofl1 received school: for $100,000: Arline am; man of 26, I would. buy me a. hmofaoorflmeeotgoodsoflnnd Ihadletthoul‘dglve tothepoor.tha.t in. if! they were working and trying to Wed. Butlhavenouseforapes- mwhothhkstmsworldfsmadem m in and be: in, and not work in. Mismanyaperson todaythatfl they had left booze alone they would be a lot better OE. and then there are others who are rich, and worse than the poor. Money will never make a. man anything. it takes labor and brains to make a man For money has spoiled many (no snarl, and I would give some of the money towards building a poorhouse, and some of the money I would give to the theeeeantothepoorstarvlngchlldren mam—mammm. P” All War—Donia I receive a cheat tor $100,000. first I would peyup means. Thenlwoddhuytertymel «mamdbnfldagmdmlm busebutnottoolargeuthereismly mhusbendmdmmusobwfidother new, buildng The rest of the E 5 2I § “3100.000? Immune“ nu. Mapucmemhdem' mace-imbue“me mandlveumhemlau Immaumx-um ammonia. Ian-lawn” “firm-refinancin- adhereme mu! 5 E a; £2 1 53 g a 5.: 3 E l i E 5 $355 'to'every'heart that as; financial- die- I". . ‘2“ " r El 3 i i E 9? i a degebutulengasthe present ama‘mmrmmmtmmmmm Ht worry. Whilethereareleflentbnteontdnm a 5 to spend the money to good advantage, writers who would use the money for many'dfl'erem purposes, we have awarded toMrsMJEL, wearesurethatywwfllagreevflthusthatshehasearnedit. We regret that shortage-of space will not permit our printing all of the letters as all contain such good thoughts but it is impossible. each InSIGGJOOil. fortune metatheonewhomn “weathermahelp—Mrs. ().R.hw mum. certified seeds, and pure bred stock, for E5 l; l? i :3: § E 3 a E K a. In , laundry and other help. I would be the one to care for the children. teach them their prayers and tuck them in work. to pray, how to make the veg-et- ables and flowers grow. Now that you have read about what our readers would do with $100,000 you will be more interested in our new serial, “Oh, Money! Money!” a synopsis of the first appear on the opposite page. The second installment and How Frank Blaisdeil, the grécer, and famin spend their 3100,- 000, how James Blaisdell and his family use their $100,000, what Miss Hora Blaisdell does with her share, all goes to make a most interesting story. i 3' E 5' s 5 g/ {F 5 3 I a do with $160,000. . It some one would leave me $100,000 What would so i‘ % ‘é 5 3 3 E E Mmemtordblythan anytflng else, and I think if m were to leave $100,000 on m mtlmlddow'fthfit: wmsnmm threeerfmeeetloneotland. Rheum- “MWW ' and. mmmmacmm mmemmmnem memammnmm noon Deer and adieu will! m mmmmhfiwm mmumqm Thulw'dimudfie-ne' Malamute-likened“ bfimmm What-um Immlflmdum ache—ebbmnehm,m mint—tum,”qu mmmmwww mummteemfiem. «wherewithal—ELM“ “bunny—Women!“ 1-. media W m “fillumlwfl establish a home for boys that leave ‘the “mama/mmuwm “Metthedyymtflm W‘maeclerbroteandoutotwork. with an unpaid board bill. I would rescue than before the “first clause." 1 we ‘W l ould also. .get‘ an good education to lie‘ come a teacher mga country school *0:- arr-city Web-Imam nine sow the 3 E / keep it wet all E 2 Rd Eight I would have the pier built ' end-Ilsa hare med- fish put good at resorters go m at the also have the arm all m 2&1 % a 35 5% ti?- iE £5- 5; ll & E 'Iweuldsleohavethe schml Mend plat Mere in it»— I 3.. Tram Hickigan. El\ I receive ; a. g n IWMM Moment! wu.mmmm gain Minimum“, m amp—u I was farms with stock and tools. Give one to each of my children. subject to this. condition, that they pay the wire and 1 $200 a year as long at we live and they were not to. dispose of these farms—J. H. C., Fenwick. Michigan. ‘ mmrme-Imm-ethatl .MIlimouldh- veu mmm.u1 mvmmwmmgne men-unmade». IMld want “wammm. I mlmoneyh mishg mm I have thnmlygme mummamflmale. as Whammhm 0f WIMmmsfldfihmomt mould be !‘ One Teach to Starving Childrenr—Only two hundred and fifty words to telr 9111 Second, enough to make my mothcrywllio is a‘widow, comfortable for the rest of’ her me. Also the some for tanner—mum fin! class ‘Fd Me‘muflc, mmdbeekrfermtmvof child- 2;: 2 $5 5% l a g us only two hundred and fifty I will close with um good wishes to your—- L; B. (3., 0mm; Mich. Gl'v'e At Christmas Time—I am a reader of your paper, and always look forward to its coming. and enjoy every page of it from cover to em, especially E u l g :21} ‘58! '9 h l? i 5 § Egg“ H i?! x , 35' 3 3 g! 9 ‘L Mama ‘ dim t dilute. E . E seeded. with sweet clover g.“ '. a.3...» «. “,7. ._:- v , can-'1. "uulasmtwwwbvlfia “You know very well rm net‘te blame 3 l l E . a *5 ' :lzlléaéél “fi§.§E Egg? 39 :39 ll .32? 3% all ii iii "You’ll earn it, just being here—more business." asserted his wife firmly. “Any- how. wdve (lust got to be here, Jim! We owe it to ourselves and our family. Look at Fred to—nlght!" “Oh, you. Where is ‘ll‘redf‘ queried mg. on. “He's over'to Gussie Pennock‘s, playing tennis,” interposed Bessie, with a pout. “The mean old thing wouldn’t ask me!“ “But you ain't old enough. my dear,” soothed her aunt. “Wait; your turn will come by and “Yes, that’s exactly it.” triumphed the mother. "Her turn will come—if we live here; Do you suppose Fred would have got an Invitation to Gueeie Pennock’s if weld still been living on the East Side? Not much he would! Why. Mr. Pen- noelt's worth fifty thousand, if he’s worth a dollar! They are some of our very first people.” “But. Hattie. money isn‘t everything. dear,” muonth her husband gently. "We had friends. and good blends, be- fore." “Yes; but youwaitand seewhat kind of friends we have now i” - ’“Butweesn'tksepupwithsudhpeople. deer, on our income; snd—-—" “Ma. here’s a man. i guess he wants ~"somebody." It was a husky whisper from Bunny. James Blaisdell stopped abruptly. Bes- sie Blaisdell and the little dressmaker cocked their heads lnterestedly. Mrs. Blalsdell rose to her feet and advanced towards the steps to meet the man com- ing up the walk. He was a tall. rather slender man. with a close cropped. sandy beard. and an air or diflidenoe and apology. As he took 01! his hat and cum nearer. it was seen that his eyes were blue and friendly. and that his hair was reddish- brown. and rather scanty on top of his head. “I am looking (or Mr. Blaisdell—Mr. James Blalsdell.” he munuured hesitat- ingiy. Something in the strans‘ea’s detth manner- sent a warm glow of importance to the woman's heart. Mrs. Blaisdeli was suddenly reminded that she was gnu. James D. Blalsdell or the West Ma “I am Mrs. Blaisdell." she replied a bit. oornpously. “What can we do for you, my good man?” she swelled again. half unconsdously. the had new called a person “my man“ ,hsdore. She rather liked the experience The man on the steps coughed slightly behind his hand—o sudden mmodio little cough Then very gravely he reached Into his pocket and produced a letter. "me Mr. Robert Chalmers—e note to your husband.“ he bowed presenting the letter. A look or grandsons-prise came into the woman’s taco. “Mr. Robert Chalmers. of the First National? Jim!" She turned to her hus- band Joyously. "Here’s a note from Mr Chalmera Quick—read it!” , - Her husband. already on “his test. whisked the sheet of paper from the nu. sealed envelope, and adjusted his m A moment later he held out a comm hand to the stranger. ' “Ah.Mr.&nifli.l‘mgladtosee_yeu. I'm‘ glad to see no? friend of Bob Chal- mers‘. Come up and sit down. - uy-wjts and children; and my sister. Miss Blab- -dell‘. Ur. with. lather—Mr. John Smith." Gian " t the photo is’ his hand) i sins a one at EEBTGRYTODATE R. arm (4. rooms, an”: old bachelor and possessor of twenty million dollars, calls on his lawyer all?“ they dis- thmughhislawyer,gheseecheeusinsloo,000museaeiheywm. Hellmflgrowsaheardand.undertheuameofhlr.30hn8mifln goestothetownw‘hesetheseeouslnsresldetoobservehowflley h whatthefirstinstaflmutcomd. m. 'Paisn‘t muting, butma‘sacengre- “ us ammonium aduetorfem- sweaty inks voices sunny; but may ignoring the interruption. con- thrued area-km; “I am gathering material for a book on the Blunder! family." “the Bialsdell family!" repeated Mr. James Blaindell. with cordial interest. “Yes,” bowed the other. "It is my purpose to main some time in your town. I am told there are valuable records hem, and an old burying—mmd of particular interest in this connection. The neighboring towns, too, have much Blaisdell data, I understand. As I said, I am intending to make this place my headquarters, and I am looking for an attractive boarding-plane. Mr. Chalmers was good enough to refer me to you." "re us-—«fer a boarding-place!" There was on mimistakable frown on Mrs. James D. Blaisdell's countenance as she said the words. “Well. I'm sure I don't see why he should. We don’t keep boarders!” "But. Hattie. we could.” interposed her husband eagerly. “There’s that his front room that we don’t need a bit. And it would help a lot if—" At the wrathful warning in his wife's eyes he fell back silenced. "I said that we didn’t keep boarders," reiterated the lady distinctly. "Further- more, we do need the room ourselves." “Yes, yes. of course; I understand." broke in Mr. Smith, as if in hasty con- ciliation. “I think Mr. Chalmers meant that perhaps one of you"—glanced un- oertainly at the anxious-eyed little wo- three—that stoodtromMr.Chstersmatfliarem but flares Badsdells, two brothers, and one sister-dyed, yourselz.” “0h, poor Maggie ain‘t a Blaisden,’ explained the little dresmker, with a smile. “She’s Just Maggie Duff. father Duff's Counter by his first wife, you know. He married our mother years ago, whenmchfldrenwereutflesowewem brought up with Maggie. and always called her sister: mough, of course. she really ain’t any relation to us at all.” “0h,lees,tohesure.01 course!“ Mr. Smith oddly thoughtful. He appeared to be settling something in his-mind. “She isn’t a Blain- dell, then.” "No, but she's so near like one and she's a splendid cook. and—" "Well,. 1 shan’t send him to. Magus,” cut in Mrs. James D. Blaisdeli with emc- phasis. "Poor Maggie’s got quite enough on her hands, as it is, with that father of hers. Besides, she isn’t a Blaisdell at all.” "And she couldn’t come and cook and take care of us near so much. either, could She,” plunged in Benny, “if she took this man ter feed?" “That will do, Benny,” admonished his mother, with nettled dignity. “You for- get that children should be seen and not heard.” "Yee’m. But, please. can't I be heard just a mlfmte for this? Why don’t yo send the man ter Uncle Frank an’ Aunt Jane? Maybe they’d take him." “The very thing!" cried Miss Flora Blaisdell. “I wouldn’t wonder a mite it they did." "Yes. I was thinking of them," nodded As a reader of “Oh, Money! Money!” you will be inter- ested in the letters published on the opposite page- In ‘ these letters several readers of The Business Farmer tell what they would do with $100,000 if they were to suddenly fall heir to it. I suppose that you would spend it differ- ently than the Blaisdell family of this story or any of the readers whose letters appear opposite this page. man at his left—“might——-er—-aocommo date me. Perhaps you, now—" He turned his eyes fell upon Miss Flora. Blaisdell, and waited. The little ~dressmaker blushed painfully. “Me? Oh. mercy. no! Why. 1 live all alme—-—that is. I mean, i couldn't. you know," she stammered ooni'usedly. "I ares-make, and i don’t get any sort of msaiHotdttoramamlmean. Just Men's things—tea. toast. and rte bis- cuit. I’m so loud of ris bisemt! But. of cones. 100—" She came to an ex- pressive pause. "'Oh. I cwld stand the biscuit so long as they're not health biscuit.“ Med Mr. Smith socially. "You see. I've-been WmMandhotwaterqultelm enough as It is." “Oh. ain‘t your health good. sir?" Tho little dreeemaker's face wore the deep- est mm. “Well. it’s better than it waa thank .m Ithinkl"esnprcsniselobsa sued boarder, all right.” ' "Why don't you go to a hotel?" Mrs. James D. Blaisdeil still spoke with s dislith lir- Mr. emith‘iifted e deprecatory hand. “Oh, hideed. that would not do at all-— for my " he murmured. “I wish tube 701" quiet. I fear I should find it gulte disturbing—the noise and con- fusion ot'a public place like that. He- sides, for my work. it scanned uninently ' - fitting. as well as remarkably convenient, it i could make my home with one of the Blslsdell tamilyJ‘ : ' erect. “as , Ear-riot. how funny We never we! .-‘Why not send him" there?” moor Messier ‘ltwasthe mild voice a with s suffer: exclamation the little. He‘s just the one retro“. her sister-ln~la.w. “And they‘re always glad of a little help,——especially Jane.” “Anybody should be," observed Mr. James] Blaisdell quietly. Only the heightened color in his wife's cheeks showed that she had heard—and understood. "Here, Benny,” she directed. “go and allow the gentleman where Uncle Frank ves.” “Alright l” With a spring the boy leaped to the lawn and praneed to the sidewalk. dancing there on his toes. “I'll show ye, Mr. Smith." t The gentleman addressed rose to his set. “I thank you, Mr. Blaisdeii." he said. “and you. ladies. I shall hope to see youagainsoomlamsureyoucan help me. if you will. in my work. I shall want to ask—me questions.” “Ce: t. 'nly. sir, certainly! We shall be glad to see you.” promised his best. "C no any time, and ask all the ques- tions you want to." “And we shall be so interested." nut- tered Miss More. “I‘ve always wanted to know about fathers folks. And are you a Blaisdell. too?" . There was the briefest of pauses. Mr. coughed again twice behind his “En—eh—oh. yes. i may say that I am. Through my mother I am descended from the original immigrant. Ebenezer Blaisdell." - I “Immigrant!” exclaimed Miss Flora. "An immigrant!” Mrs. James Blalsdell spoke'the word as it her tongue wet-ea pair of tours that had picked up a hex: “Yes- ‘biu not new: w'wemznmonly‘ retard the term nowadays.“ sinned’ur. Smith. Ebenezer Blaisdell was a man of means and distinction. He was He came over in 1847.” the founder‘s: as. family in this. country! "Ky, how interesting i” mummed as little dressmaker, as the visitor descended the-two. “Good-night—gnod-night! And thunk you again,” bowed Mr. John Smith to the assembled group on the veranda. “And new, young man, I‘m at your service.” he smiled, as he Joined Benny, still prance ing on the sidewalk. “Now he's what I call a real nice pleasant-spoken gentleman,” avowed m. Flora, when she thought speech was sale. "I do hope Jane’ll take him.” "Oh, yes, he’s well enough,” conde- sceudcd Hrs. Hattie Blaisdell, with a. yawn. “Hattie. why wouldn‘t you take him in?" rem-cached her husband. “Just think how the pay would help! And it wouldn’t be a hit oi work. hardly. tor you. Ger- tainly it would be a lot easier man the way we are doing.“ The woman frowned impatiently: "Jim. (isn‘t please! Do you suppose I got over here on the West Side to open a boarding house? I guess not—act!” “But what shall we do?” “Oh, we'll get along somehow. Du't worry!" "Form if you’d won'y a little men, Iwouldn’twoxrysomuoh,’ sig‘hedi‘hs man deeply. “Well, mere-y me, I must be going,‘ interposed the little Walter, M to her feet with a nervous glance at her broflier sndhiswli‘e. “I'm forgetting” ain’tsonearasitusedtobe. Good- night!” “Good—night, good-night! come again," called the three on the veranda. 111m the door dosed behind them, as they entered the house. Meanwhile, walking across the comes. Benny was mtertatntng Mr. “Yep, they’ll take ye, I bet ye-—Aunt June an' Uncle Frank will?" "Well, that’s good. I‘m sure.” “Yep. An’ it’ll be easy too. 'W‘hy. Aunt Jane'll just tumble over herself tor get ye, if ye just mention first what you'll pay. She'll begin ter reckon up right away then what she'll save. An’ in a. minute she'll say, "Yes. I'll take ye.’ " The uncertainty in Mr. Smith’s voice was palpable even to eight-year—old Benny. "Oh, you don‘t need ter worry,” he hastened to explain: "She won’t starve ye; only she won’t let ye waste anythln’. You'll have ter eat all the crusts to yer pie, and finish ’taters before you can get any puddin', an’ all that, ye know. Ye see, she's great on savin’—Aunt Jane is. She says waste is a. sinful extravagance before the Lord.” “Indeed!” Mr. Smith laughed out- right this time. “But are you sure. my boy, that you ought to talk—Just like this, about your aunt?” Benny's eyes widened. “Why, that’s all right. Mr. Smith. Ev'rybody in town knows Aunt Jane. Why, Ma says folks say she’d save ter- day for ter—morrer, if she could. But she couldn’t do that, could she? So that’s just silly talk. But you wait till you see Aunt Jane." “All right. I'll wait. Benny.” "Well, ye‘won’t have ter wait long, Mr. Smith, ’cause here's her house. She lives over the groc'ry store, ter save rent, ye know. It‘s Uncle Frank’s store. An’ here we are," he finished. banging open a. door and leading the way up a. flight of ill-lighted stairs. CHAPTER III The Small Boy at the Keyhole At the tOp of the stairs Benny tried to open the door, but as it did not give at his pressure, he knocked lustily, and called "Aunt Jane, Aunt Jane !" “Isn’t this the bell?" hazarded Mr. Smith. his finger almost on a small push- button near him. “Yep. but it don’t go now. Uncle Frank wanted it fixed, but Aunt Jane said no; knockin' was just as good. an' 't was lots cheaper, ‘muse 't would save mendin’, and didn’t use any 'leciricity. But Uncle Frank says-" The door opened abruptly. and Benny lnterruptmii himself to give eager crest— “Rullo, Aunt Janel 1’“ brought you somebody. He’s Mr. hith. An' you'll be glad. You see if yer ain‘t!" In the dim hallway Mr. Smith saw a tall. angular woman with graying dark hair and high cheek bones. Her eyes were keen and just now somewhat stern- lyuinquiring, as they were bent upon him- se . Perceiving that Benny considered his mission as master of ceremonies at an end, Mr. Smith hastened to explain. “I came from your husband's brother, madam. He-—en-—eent me. He thought perhaps you had a room that I could have." “A room?" Her eyes grew still more coldly disapproving. “Yes. and board. He thoughtr—that is. they thought that perhaps-'2- you would be so kind.” "Oh, a. boarder! You mean for pay. of course?” “Most certainly!” “Oh!” She stiftened visibly, and step- ' pedback. “Well, I don‘t know. I never haw—but that isn't saying I 'eouldn't,‘ ofcourse; Cbmein. Wecentsikit over. That doesn‘t anything. Come in; this way, please": ‘ As she'finis'hed gas- jet‘snd‘v'ftluned "it-carefully to 31% a little ’more‘lighi dowu'tlie mow-mm;- way. (Continued on page 23.) art‘g." "coax-eyed gag-,3, ~ ‘ ' "“::»<