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soils in the southern states should not





 

 





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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL CXLV. No. 21

Whole Number 3889





UDAN grass is of African origin

and was first introduced in the

United States in- 1909. It has



proved to be well adapted to certain

sections of the southwest, and during

the past two or three years has been

rather extensively advertised as a val-

uable grass for general use over much

of the United States. Michigan farm-

ers have therefore become interested

in any available data on this grass and

its adaptability to Michigan conditions.



Sudangrass is a tall, coarse, annual

grass closely related to the cultivated

sorghums and the Johnson grass of

the southern. states. It resembles the

latter grass in general appearance but

differs in not having the underground

root stalks which make the Johnson

grass so difficult of eradication. It

makes a growth of three to eight feet,

according to the thickness of planting,

fertility of soil, season, etc. In the

northern states one. or sometimes two

crops are secured, and in the southern

states as many as four crops are some-

times harvested.



Sudan grass does best where the

summers are long and hot. It is a

fairly good drought-resisting grass.

While it may be grown on a variety of

soils, it does best on fertile soils that

are well supplied with organic matter.

The growth on very light or badly run

soils is small.



Adaptability to Michigan Conditions.



Sudan grass has been little tried in

Michigan. However, the following

points are worthy of consideration by

those contemplating seeding it. Large

yields sometimes reported from fertile





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, MAY 20, 1916





Sudan Grass





By PROF.“ V. M. SHOESMITH





be expected. Sudan grass should oc-

cupy much the same place on the farm

as millet or sorghum rather than as a

substitute for alfalfa, clover or tim—

othy. It is a true grass (not a legume)

and the crop is produced at the ex-

pense of the store of plant food in the

soil. On many of our soils, especially

those in which the nitrogen content

is relatively low it would seem best to

depend upon some of the numerous

leguminous crops that are well adapted

to Michigan conditions. It is therefore

recommended that: farmers seed only

small acreages for general forage pur-

poses until more data are available in

regard to the value of this crop for

growing under Michigan conditions.



Sudan grass produces seed abun-

dantly and may be matured as a seed

crop in Michigan. The price. of the

seed has been very high in the past

few years but has dropped materially

recently. As long as the high prices

are maintained Sudan grass should be

a profitable seed crop for the Michigan

farmers. Pure seed produced in the

northern states is in greater demand

than seeds produced in the Johnson

grass infested areas in the southern

states.



Cultural Methods.



On account of the heat—loving nature

of the plant and the slow development

during the early periods of growth, the

seed bed should be thoroughly prepar-

ed, well firmed and free from weeds,





 





and the planting should be delayed

until the. season is fairly well advanc-

ed and the soil is thoroughly warmed.

May 25 to June 10 is a favorable time

for seeding. When grown for hay it

should be (lese drilled or broadcasted,

using twenty to twenty-five pounds of

seed per acre. When grown for seed

it should be drilled in rows thirty to

thirty—six inches apart, using four or

five pounds of seed per acre and culti-

vated throughout the season the same

as corn.



The crop should be cut for hay just

after full bloom. While Sudan grass

is rather coarse and is harvested late

in the season, it can be. cured satisfac-

torily under favorable weather condi-

tions. Mr. C. (i. \\'il1iams, of the Ohio

station, reports a three-year average

yield of 4.3 tons per acre as compared

with 3.9 tons of (lerman millet. A lim-

ited number of Michigan farmers re-

porting consider it, equal or slightly

better in yield than millet. Under av-

erage or fairly favorable conditions,

one and a half to four tons per acre

can probably be produced.



Feeding Value.



Sudan grass hay is palatable to the

stock and seems to have no objection-

able qualities which would make it un-

safe for feeding. Judging from avail-

able analyses the hay is materially

lower in feeding value than millet,

sorghum or timothy. However, final

judgment in regard to feeding value





2 50 CENTS A YEAR.

82 FOR 5 YEARS.





should be reserved until more data

are available.



The following statements from Mich-

igan growers and from experiment

station investigators will be of some

interest:



Some Michigan Experiences.



Edw. E. Evans, Ogemaw 00., says:

“Owing to the wetness of the season

do not think the Sudan grass had a fair

trial last year. Part of it (one-half

acre) was on sand, rather low, one end

running down to muck. This piece

had 250 pounds of high grade fertilizer.

On the muck there was no Sudan

grass. Crop was harvested September

14-15 without. frost. I saved a little

seed from the same. \’as af‘aid to

trust the crop longer for fear of frost,

though as it turned out, most of the

crop would have matured safely.

Would mature here at the same time

as early varieties of corn. Think the

first. week in June best time for sow—

ing here. Consider it superior to all

millets except, Japanese barnyard, and

that for forage only. Have fed it since

January 1 to six calves. They like it

and leave very little. As they have

been fed soy bean hay and straw at

the same. time am unable to judge of

its feeding value. All I can say is that

calves grow like weeds and are in per-

fect condition.



L. H. Remus, Lenawee county,

reports seeding broadcast about June

1. He finds that the Sudan grass is

easily injured by frost, his crop being

injured when it reached the height of

three feet. He considers the feeding

value better than that of millet.



(Continued on page 652).





 





 





..,.-.<'





To Insure a Crop of Beans Like this it will be Necessary to Secure Seed which is not Badly Affected with Anthracnose and Bacterial Blight.





 





 





The bean crop promises to be unusually profitable to Michigan growersthis year, if the usual acreage is planted with clean seed and cultural meth-

‘ods practwed which Will encourage a maximum yield. Well informed men in the bean trade predict high prices for next year’s crop, even with a max-





imum production.





With the market practically bare of stock, it is certain that few old beans will be carried over, and with a foreign demand rather than





a. foreign surplus as a factor in the situation the prediction is likely to be fulfilled. But the net profit to the grower depends not a little upon the plant-





'lngof good seed, hence the importance of every bean grower securing the cleanest seed available.
.- . , _ _ $9.,





“am-a...





 





 





 





   





 





The Mans... rm...





W tats; _ Conant me.





The Lamen‘cc Publishing Co.

. Editors and Proprietor:



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Canadian mbocriptiom 50c I year extra for pomgc.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



40 cent: per line agate type measurement. or 15.60 per

Inch (14 agate lines per inch} per insertion. No adv't In

netted for lean than 81.20 each Insertion. No objection

Obie advertieementl interred at any price.





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ureau of Circulation.





 





 





Enterd a: second clan matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

jonoflice.





DETROIT, MAY 20, 1916





f





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





At the National Con-

Some Important ference of Milk Pro-

Testimony. ducers held in Wash-

ington the first week

of May, many phases of the market

milk problem were discussed by men

of national reputation. A comprehen-

sive report of this conference or con-

vention is published in another depart-

ment of this issue. Every dairyman

who is at‘all‘ interested in this market

milk proposition should carefully read

this report which contains valuable ex-

pert testimony bearing on the points

which have. been under discussion in

these columns during recent weeks.





Relating to the matter of inspection

as usually practiced by municipal

boards of health, Dr. Harding, dairy

bacteriologist of the University of Illi-

nois, stated that bacterial examination

is at present the best test of cleanli-

ness, and that using the bacteria count

as a test investigations show that the

condition of the barn or stable, as ordi-

narily scored, has very little effect up-

on the bacteria content of milk except

in extreme cases. The conclusion

reached by this authority is that the

two great sources of contamination

are the handling of the milk in the

process of straining, aerating, trans-

porting in cans, in bottling machinery,

and in temperature. Of these, respon-

sibility for contamination at strainer

and pail, which tests show to be least

common, is with the farmer; while re~

Sponsibility for contamination from

machinery in bottling, which tests

show to be most common, lies with

the retailers, and temperature so far

as it relates to time and methods of

handling is a. matter for which the

transportation company or retailer is

responsible after the milk is delivered

at the receiving station.





This is practical testimony from a

scientist of repute in direct support of

the contention that the test upon

which milk is admitted to city mar-

kets should be the quality of the milk

itself, as determined by a. bacteriologi-

cal examination at the receiving sta-

tion, instead of upon dairy farm in-

spection alone as is the case at the

present time. When considered in

connection with the New York experi-

ments, this testimony given by the

bacteriologist of the Illinois station is

an important added argument for this

method of scoring the farmer’s product

rather than his farm. The weight of

this testimony, together with that

which has been previously advanced

through our Practical Science Depart-

ment, should be ‘mflcient to induce

the health departments of Detroit and

othereflibsbpltlealttryoutthls

plan of inspection; lt‘they arctinclmed

to be progressive in their methods and





 





 





 





 





denominational-teen" a , x





   





thorny. ‘ ".1, , - ~. .

. {the description» ' sth‘e goodltionaj

which obtain in the Chicago'ddlry dial

met and the methods employed by the

dairymen in that district to secure a

compensatory , price for their product

as described by the secretary of the

Northern Illinois Milk Producers’ As-

sociation is also an interesting feature

of the report above mentioned. The

careful reading of this report should

impress upon eVery producer of mar-

ket milk who is a reader of this paper,

the importance to himself of obtaining

all possible information upon every

phase of this subject through every

channel open to him, and of attending

the meeting of Michigan milk produc-

ers which has been called at the Agri-

cultural College on May 23.



While general discussion of every

phase of the market milk problem is

beneficial in an educational way, yet

the problem is purely a local one in its

final analysis, and its best solution can

be worked out only through the co-op-

eration of a large percentage of local

producers. Of ten thousand dairy farm.

ers, the larger percentage of whom

are renters, producing market milk in

the Chicago dairy district, more than

nine thousand stood together in the

recent milk strike and, acting as one

man, won recognition of the justice of

their cause and secured a more com-

pensatory price for their product. If

Michigan dairymen take a like interest

in the coming Lansing meeting, an

early solution of many of their most

serious problems may be safely pre~

dicted.





Quite frequently one



City vs. Country reads or hears the



Health. statement that due to



the better sanitation



which exists in well regulated cities as



compared with country districts, health



conditions have changed about in re-



cent years and become better in the



city than in the country; some statis-



tics recently compiled by the Bureau



of the Census show the error of this



assertion when applied to the country

at large.



According to these figures, the death

rate among white males under one

year of age in cities having 8,000 popu-

lation and over in 1909 and in cities of

10,000 population and over in 1910 and

1911, was 13,380 per 100,000 born alive,

whereas in smaller places the corres-

ponding rate is only 10,326 per 100,000,

or 23 per cent less than the rate for

cities. A similar difference prevails

with respect to white females under

one year of age, for which the death

rate is 24 per cent less among rural

than among urban population.



For white males the expectation of

life at birth in rural sections is shown

to be 7.7 years greater than in cities;

at the age of ten years, 5.4‘ years great-

er, with a margin of more than five

years in favor of the country resident

until the age of 39 years is reached.

Thereafter the difference becomes

gradually less, but is always in favor

of the country until the advanced age

of 88 is reached, at and after which

the urban resident has a greater ex-

pectation of life than the old man liv-

ing in rural localities.





For white females the difference be-

tween the urban and rural longevity is

somewhat less though still pronounced.

At birth the white female's expecta-

tion of life is shown to be six years

greater in rural than in urban locall-

ties; at ten years of age it is 3.3 years

greater, and until the age of 46 years

is attained the difference continues to

be more than three years in favor of

the country resident. Thereafter the

difference declines until the age of 83

is reached, after which the old ladies

of the city have a slightly greater ex.

pectation than those living in the

country.



This, however, is not an argument

against better living conditions in the

country, but is an argument for whole-

some county life‘to‘ which "£15313de

cages “or good semiotics and m





 





 





to greater present enjoyment.



In announcing the

forty-second annual

annual . meeting of

‘the Michigan Pio-

neer and Historical Society, which will

be held in the Senate Chamber at Lam

sing On. Wednesday and Thursday,

May 24-25. That organization directs

public attention to the importance of

the preservation of old records which

have a bearing upon the early history

of the state. In urging all historical

and patriotic organizations to send del-

egates to this annual meeting for a

conference regarding plans for the

safeguarding of records realting; to the

pioneer history of the state, members

of these organizations and all others

interested are requested to carefully

consider what might be the result of a

fire which would destroy the town or

county buildings and with them rec-

ords having an important bearing upon

the early history of such municipality.

Wherever important records of this

kind exist, those having charge of

them, and other interested citizens,

are urged to look into the matter of

their condition and safety and to send

copies of the most valuable records

and statistics to the state society for

protection and preservation. The peo-

ple of every locality who are interest-

ed in the early history of the state are

urged to call a meeting of all interest-

ed, start a county historical society

and send a delegate to the state meet-

ing on the above date. Such societies

are entitled to a set of thirty~nine vol-

umes of the Michigan pioneer and his-

torical collections with all historical

bulletins, pamphlets and books pub-

lished by the state historical commis-

sion.



‘ The pioneers of the state are rapidly

passing to the great beyond; men of

three-score years are now termed pio-

neers. Many of them living in every

rural community have treasured up

reminiscences related to them in their

youth relating to the early pioneer

days of the state. Many of these rem-

inencences are well worthy of preser-

vation in the records of such a society.

They are full of human interest, and

will afford the members of such an or-

ganizationvnot a little pleasure if re-

lated for the purpose of permanent

entry in its records.



In the strenuous rush of modern life

we are too apt to forget the work and

experiences of those who have gone

before us and have made possible the

enjoyment of our present homes. The

suggested activity is well worth con-

sidering by the remaining pioneers and

those for whom pioneer reminiscences

have a special interest in every com-

munity.





The Preservation

of Records.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





Foreign.



The European Wan—While artillery

activity is being kept up around the

fortress of Verdun, the Germans are

gradually widening the scope of their

attacks. On both sides of the Mouse

river violent bombardments by both

the French and Germans and infantry

attacks have occurred almost constant-





 





.ly for the past several days without





any material change in the line of

trenches. Last week the Germans suc-

ceeded in taking a small line of trench-

es from the British near Lille and oth-

er points along the western front were

made the scenes of artillery duels, but

no advantages were gained by either

side. Nothing of con pence is report-

ed from the Russian ront, and while

there is some uneasiness in the Bal-

kan district, no engagements of im-

portance are reported. The Russians

are persistent in their attacks on the

Turkish lines in Asia Minor, and their

efforts are meeting with general suc-

cess. An English report states that

another Zeppelin has been brought

down off the coast of Norway.

Mexican Allure—The efforts of

Gen. Scott and Gen. Obregon to reach

an amement mm the dismal.

tion of American troops in the hunt for

2?." ma“ ma diet“ ”m ‘m...

y_ an . wo rem

this: have M called home by their

W governments. An hattcupt





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um modmftoflu‘fg are» won» m “I m





 

 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





erlcen border for the “purpose or .m-

tendon against any surprise m- b’ '

the Mexicans. A delegation to! not:

can business men are now emute. for

Germany on an unknown mission.

Rebel forces of Santo Domingo, have

evacuated the Dominican capitol when





 





warned by the United States ‘mlulétdr ‘





that the city would be taken if the reb‘

els remained therein. After stripping

the fortof all guns and war munitions

the soldiers retired to county points.“



Cansiderable feeling has been arous.

ed throughout the British. Isles and in

many of the British colonies, by..the

manner in which the Irish rebels have

been treated. In order to get first-

hand information, Premier Asquith is

making a personal investigation of the

conditions asithey exist m.Mbliu:.Tms

personal interest of the premier has

apparently gaine considerable con -



ence of the Iris subjectsgand it" 3

reported that he has ordered a relaxin-

tion of martial law in that ‘city. 2



The government of Sweden lepro-





testing against the. fortification ofis- .





lands commanding the entrance to the

Gulf of Bothnia and also the Gulf of

Finland, by Russia, claimingthat per-

manent fortifications at this point.

would be a menace to the securitylof

Sweden. ' ‘ f



.The German government has""ap

pointed a new food minister who is to

have absolute control of the distribu-

tion and prices of all foods. In estab-

lishing this office the government

hopes to relieve a situation by which

at present the large cities are suffer-

ing to the advantage of the rural dis-

tflcts.



In an address delivered at Nancy,

France, President Poincaire declared

that France does not want‘ Germany

to tender peace, but wants her'advero

sary to ask for peace.



The Greek government is in a seri-

ous financial situation. The Chamber

of Deputies will consider the issuing

of unsupported paper and providing





for a graduated tax on the net rofito

of. shippers besides taxes on otels.

mills, and other businesses. .





National.





For fear that the wrong interpreta-

tion will be placed upon the action

of this country in warning Great Brit-

ain on matters pertaining to stringent

orders in connection with the blockade

of Germany and neutral ports of north-

ern Europe, the State Department at

Washington has delayed sending a

note to London. This delay it is stat-

ed, is due solely to the attempt of Ger-

many to impose as a condition of the

abandonment of illegal methods of

submarine warfare to the effect that

the United States should require Great

Britain to permit the shipment ,of food-

stuffs to reach the population of Ger.

many.



A summary of the growth of foreign

commerce of the United States shows

that all previous records were broken

during the month of February when

the balance of trade in favor of the

United States amounted to $209,056,-

001. The preliminary report for ,the

month of March indicates a balance'in

excess of that for February. More

than half of the total exports for Feb





ruary went to England and British





possessions. , .1

Despite the poor returns from the

local fruit crop in 1915 and the equally

poor resort season, savings deposits in

the four banking institutions in Ben-

ton Harbor have passed the million

dollar mark for the first time in "the

history of the city. Dry advocates

credit the splendid showing to the ab—

sence of the saloons. - .4 .

The Michigan Pioneer and Historical

Society has undertaken an active carn-

pa‘ign to perpetuate through the mem-

oirs of remaining pioneers, events in

the early history of the state. Coun-

ties are being urged to organize aux-

iliary societies to assist in this work.

The Aero Club of America is plan-

ning a. monster contest to consist in

aerial flights across the continent for

prizes amounting to probably $100,000.

Preliminary arrangements are being

completed for the Republican National

Convention to be opened in Chicago on

June 7. Delegates and visitors to the

National Democratic Convention at St.

Louis are finding it difficult to, secure

accommodations, and Mississippi river

passenger boats are being chartered

as sleeping quarters for the visitors.

Cow will consider national de-

fense atlon again this week. A‘

compromise army reorganization bill

which provides for a regular army of

206,000 men at peace . will

probably be reported to h houses.

After [the army bill has been disposed

of the navy building program will be





taken up.

3:21- law («wrist and



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ONCRETE fence posts are under

certain conditions, to be recom-

mended. Anchor posts of good



size and material compare favorably

in cost with wood and serve admirably

not only as fence anchors but as per-

manent markers for the corner of

fields or farms. When properly pro-

portioned they also give the impres-

sion of strength and stability. A well-

designed concrete post on either side

of the main entrance or drive also

lends dignity and architectural beauty

to the landscape. ..



Anchor posts should be 12 inches

square at the top, 16 inches square at

the ground line. Five feet is a good

height, and a depth of not less than

three feet below the ground is recom-





, mended.





Forms for the anchor post may best

be made of two-inch lumber. They

can be built up with the four sides sep-

arate and held together with clamps

which are also made of boards, as

shown in Fig. 1.



, For attaching gates or fences to the

anchor post, it is well to provide holes





 





 





 





 





for hinges through the post. It should

not‘be forgotten that the anchor post

is a permanent thing and is extremely

difficult to remodel. Two holes will be

sufficient both for gate fastening and

fence attachment. Before the molds

are filled it is well to place piece of

three-quarter-inch pipe in the proper

place for the gate hinge bolts. The

hinges will have to be made by the

local blacksmith as they will need

special fastenings to the post. By at-

taching an eyebolt to the opposite end

of these hinges and passing it through

a piece of pipe or 2x4, a neat way of

fastening the fence ribbon may be se-

cured as shown in Fig. 2. The details

of the hinge ar\e shown in Fig. 3.





":7 '; \‘F‘m \I. 1‘

. "W “I”





Fig.





oncrcte





 





 





and workmanship to make successful

ones than is generally supposed.



Line posts are not recommended to

be placed about yards or paddocks

where they are likely to be broken by

animals running against them or

where they may be struck by wagon

tongues or hubs. They are not as





 





 





 





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BY PR’OF. H. H-





MUSSELMAN





to get the rods of the proper length

and for that purpose a length gauge

may be contrived by nailing a stop

block at the proper distance from the

bending device.

instructions for Making.



The proportions to use of cement,



sand and gravel should be 1:2:3, mean-





56,1,





I

a

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01 'a- 0 .Q ‘1." °‘ '1“;





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ot'./f" .° ,W,' o" a





3 (6’0 ‘ 'ztr‘"





Fig. 3.





strong and resilient as wooden posts

and will not withstand shock or jar.

In an open field the loss of an occa-

sional post from the above causes will

not be objectionable Following is giv-

en directions for making molds and

posts:

Molds. .



Molds made of 26—gauge galvanized

iron hung in a wooden frame give good

satisfaction and may be handled rapid-

ly. It will be necessary to have as

many molds as it is desired to make

posts at one operation. Since these

molds may be refilled about every

three days it will not be necessary to

have a great number.



Reinforcing.



Round iron iods quaiter- inch in diam-

etei should be used for reinforcing.

To satisfactorily place this reinforc-

ing it is necessary to have some means

of holding it in place while the con-

crete is being placed in the forms. This

may be done by means of half-inch

saddles in the shape of the letter “ m

which are placed through holes in the

end of molds. Pins are placed through

the holes in the ends of the “U’.’ and

the reinforcing which is hOOked at the

end is placed over these pins and

drawn tight with wooden wedges plac-

ed under the bend of the “U.” The





hasten/is 3:91 /





 





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(LP—T 4".\ ll

1“ 2>/ fps/of. D

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ing one part cement, two parts sand,

and three parts gravel. Sand is un-

derstood to be the material which will

pass a screen of quarter—inch mesh,

and gravel that which will remain on

it. For posts, however, gravel larger

than half—inch cannot well be used for

this reason, and should be screened

through a half—inch screen. A mix

made of these proportions with sand

and gravel measured separately, will

make a better concrete than that made

from gravel as it commonly runs at

the pit. Pit gravel as a rule contains

too much fine material. If pit gravel

is used it should be mixed 1:3, cement

and gravel. For proportioning, a bot-

tomless box should be used for meas-

uring the gravel. A bag of cement

may be counted as a cubic foot and

the box should be made large enough

to hold gravel for a one-bag mix.

Where the sand and gravel are sep-

arate, the box should be made large

enough to hold the gravel for a one

or two bag mix and the sand can then

be measured in the same box.

Reinforcing.



Reinforcing should consist of quar-

ter-inch round smooth black iron rods.

Purchase these straight and cut to the

required length—eight feet for an

eight-foot pOst. Hooks are then Biade





I





64/1: #021 Ina/a8





Fig. 5.





mold assembled with the reinforcing

is shown in Fig. 4 while the details of

the mold are shown in, Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 7 shows the bending device which





2.





011 the ends of these rods with the

bending device shown with the mold

half to three-quarteiis of an inch from

the outside. it the mold is made with

the end holes, properly located, little





 





 





 





iron and one-inch boards. The mold

can be made by the local hardware

dealer or blacksmith or if it is to be

done on the farm, the following direc-

tions will be of value:



Making Molds.



1. Buy one sheet of 28-gauge gal-'

vanized iron to length required for

post, eight feet. One sheet is sufficient

to make one mold of two parts. As

many molds may be made as desired.



2. Cut sheet lengthwise, a little diag-

onally, so that each piece will have a.

wide and narrow end, which, when

bent, will give the proper size for the

top and bottom of post.



3. Lay one of the cut sheets on a.

bench and mark off the lines on which

it is to be bent.



4. Lay over the cut sheet a straight

board with its edge along the line to

be bent and clamp or nail it to the ,

bench at the ends.



5. Bend up sheet to a right angle

along the edge of the board laid over

the sheet. Make the rest: of the bends

on the same general plan; first clamp-

ing the metal between boards or plank.

A bench vise or wood clamps may be

used to clamp the boards together.



6. Build frame as indicated on the

drawing, making it of a length to suit

the metal molds.



7. Square ends of sheets to fit. the

frame. .



8. Fit molds in frame and drive the





C

i .

r A...





17:11.11? 1 - ' n: r’w r610 é





 





 





 

 

 

 





Wedge:





 





1511.43 193‘





 





 





 





Fig. 4.





nails through sheets to support them.

Remove mold and enlarge nail holes

to make the nails easily removable.



9. Make saddles, pins, and bending

device as shown on drawing.





Making the Posts.



Make enough molds to contain at

least a one—bag mix at one time. Fol-

low this order in making up the post:



1. Set up the bending device and

make hooks on each end of rods, turn-

ing back about one inch of the rods.

Make hooks 011 the same side of rod.

Make hooks on all the rods first at





_ one end; then use length gauge so that





when the second book is put on, all

the rods will be the same length.



2. Set up frame and hang galvanized

iron molds in place. Insert saddles

and set pins through the holes in the

saddles.



3. Place reinforcing rods in each

mold, hooking each end over a pin in-

serted into the holes in the saddles.

There should then be a rod in each cor-

ner of the mold with the hooks turn-

ed in.



4. Insert one wedge under each sad-





u





.L‘ .1

‘ /‘41’//ége

J’P‘FW'MJ ”P67 M'rec/ fléigojefs

J.





ails--





1e % 1 111—-

1'4va ‘1. ‘ W





8 PC,“ t'red- Oak





Fig.





8 Peyu [fed-A9. 6

6.





For line posts of concrete it is ad- is used for quickly making the hooks attention will be required in spacing dle and drive in until reinforcing rods

vised that they be well made or not at in the end of the iron rod reinforcing. the reinforcing rods in the post.





' all.“ It takes more and better material In making these books it is important





The molds are made from galvanized





   





are drawn. tight and in place.

5. Mix aggregate as directed under
" . ally get two cuttings.





 





 





place in» molds, jarring molds by lift»

ing slightly and dropping while filling

to compact aggregate, this will make

concrete to a slush consistency and

the surface in contact with the metal

smooth, and bring excess water to the

surface.



6. Screen off surface of concrete

with board or trowel.



7. Remove wedges, pins, and sad-

dles, and tuck down concrete at end

of post.



8. Allow posts to set for three days

at least, turn molds over carefully on





 





_l_





{m ‘ ,

M7

..

l





.J .:





 





 





. .

\w’





 





 





 





 





”lid to A: Annl‘ n '41,)"

~£icf~ccx

,1!!!”





}"\/"x lf'lron





Fig. 7.

a bed of sand, remove frame, and

strip molds from posts. Cover posts

with wet sand and leave for a period of

30 days.

Fastening Line Wires.



Fence fastenings consist of No. 12



Wires passed around post with each





 





 





Fig. 8.





end wrapped about the line wire of the





fence. This method is exactly the

same as the method of wiring insula-

tions in telephone construction.





SUDAN GRASS.





 





(Continued from fir; page).



“L. H. Remus, Lenawee county,

planted in rows June 15 and secured

a growth of seven to eight feet. Also

secured a second cutting. He reports

bigger yield than from millet but not

as good a feed, millet beng softer and

cows giving more milk when fed mil-

let than Sudan grass.”



“Martin Karel reports seeding on

fairly rich sandy soil in rows the first

of June. Stand and early growth were

not satisfactory but the grass later

made a growth of five feet. Cows rel-

ish it if out when young, but when the

stalks get woody cattle will not eat it.”



“Benj. Folger, Benzie county, plant-

ed in rows about the first of June. It

made a growth of three feet when it

was injured by frost the last of Am;

ust and cut. Additional growth of two

feet was secured in the following 35

days before another frost. He reports

being satisfied with the way the grass

grew and says that horses relish it

very much.”



“C. G. Williams, Ohio Experiment

Station: ‘In the opinion of its intro-

ducers the grass promises to be of

greatest worth in Oklahoma, Western

Kansas, Western Nebraska and South

Central Dakota, where an entirely sat-

isfactory hay plant has not been avail-

able heretofore. Where timothy, red

clover and alfalfa do well there is less

need for the annual grasses. In Ohio

the Sudan grass will compete with the

sorghums and millets rather than with

the clovers.’ ”



Prof. R. A. Moore, Wisconsn Experi-

‘ment Station: “We had some grow

six or seven feet tall and the stock

relished it very much. If cut when

about four or five feet tall, in the

southern part of our state one will usu-

I think in feed-

. his value it is not very high, but it

" “" grows quite readily, and do not know

‘i (but that itmight find a place in some





 





 





of ' , your. sandy





may be a place for this grass and sonié

money in it for farmers growing» it for ' '





seed. The south, I understand, 'uses

enormous quantities of seeds and, as

youknow, it isivery high-priced. My

advice to all” farmers, however, inquir-

ing about this grass is not to go into

raising it until we have tested it out at

the station farms and in various parts

of the state.’ ” ,_



“Mr. .J. C. Hackleman, Missouri Ex-

periment Station: ‘In Missouri Sudan

grass should be considered a hay grass

of much the same use on the general

farm as millet. It will generally give

two cuttings and will yield from two

to four tons of good hay. In feeding

value it is similar to timothy hay, mil-

let and Johnson grass.’ ” ’ '



“Mr. H. N. Vinall, Forage Crop In-

vestigations, U. S. Department of Ag-

riculture: ‘I have never been enthusi-

astic about the value of ,Sudan grass

in Michigan. It is‘perhaps possible

that it can be used as a catch crop in

overcoming a shortage of hay on the

farm, under such conditions as brOught

about by the failure of a regular rota-

tion crop. You will notice in my Farm-

ers’ Bulletin No. 605 that I do not rec-

ommend Sudan grass in any of the

northern states. Later information re-

ceived since publication of this bulle-

tin has quite generally confirmed our

opinion. The situation is complicated,

however, by numerous cases of the

successful production of Sudan grass

in these northern states. Where the

soil is comparatively rich and the

grass starts off promptly in the spring

and comes to maturity during warm

weather in summer, a profitable yield

is often obtained. As a general thing,

however, farmers can afford to plant

Sudan grass in Michigan and other

northern states only as an emergency





9’)





crop.





CROP AND FERTILIZER QUES-

TIONS.





 





Fertilizing the Bean Crop.



I wish to use some commercial fer-

tilizer on ground intended for beans

and would like to know how much to

sow to the acre, also the best way and

time to apply it.



Livingston Co. B. W. 8.,



The best way, beyond question, to

fertilize the bean crop and most crops,

for that matter, is to apply the fertil-

izer broadcast (use fertilizer drill, let-

ting fertilizer run in all the openings),

and work it well into the soil while

preparing the land for the crop. After

the land is plowed and harrowed down,

apply the fertilizer. If the land is clo-

ver sod or if stable manure has been

applied, use only phosphorous (acid

phosphate), 250 lbs. per acre, but if

the land is run-down it will pay to use

some nitrogen, say a 2:1010 fertilizer.



Most people are in a hurry and will

not take the time to apply the fertiliz-

er before planting the crop, and it can

be done nicely if the beans are planted

with a fertilizer grain drill, at the time

of planting. Set the drill to sow 200

lbs. of fertilizer and distribute from all

the Openings. This method will put a

little fertilizer right in the row with

the beans, but 200 lbs. per acre dis-

tributed through all the openings will

make so small an amount in the one

with the beans that there is little dan-

ger of injuring the germination.



Millet After Rye.



I have some good quality sandy land

seeded to rye. Can I sow an early va-

riety of millet, like the Siberian, on

this soil after the rye is cu about the

middle of July and get growth enough

in hay to pay for the labor involved?

Would Sudan grass make a good cut-

ting if sown after the rye is cut ?



Osceola Co. W. W. P.



The middle of July is certainly late

enough to sow millet. It is risky to de-

pend on a crop under such circum-

stances. If the. season is very favor-

able you can succeed, but if the season

is against you you will fail. It is prob-

ably worth trying if you are going to

be short of hay. One year. I sowed a

field to millet after the Fourth of July

and had .a. splendid crop. We lett‘it





 





 





.. _ . fieldbutjwe

and it made good hay. '



Practically everything depends .on

suflcient moisture at time of sowing.

I would not plow the ground but disc

it thoroughly, thus conserving the

moisture to the greatest possible ex-

tent. Cut the rye just as soon as it

will do and disc the ground immedi-

ately before it dries out. If you can

get the millet to start at once and

have timely rains to keep it growing

you can get a crop. Millet requires

rich land to make good growth.





Planting Beans with Horse Corn

Planter.





I would like your advise as to plant-

ing beans with a horse corn planter,

using the fertilizer attaChment, and

what kind and how much fertilizer to

the acre.



Kent Co. F. S.





Many farmers use the two-horse corn

planter for planting beans. There are

special bean droppers to use so the

desired amount of seed can be planted.

The planter is narrowed up to 28-inch

rows and the beans are planted in con-

tinuous rows or drills instead of being

dropped in hills. Fertilizer at about

the rate of 100 lbs. per acre is used

usually and with very gratifying re-

sults on the average; 100 lbs. per acre

with the planter means just what it

says. This amount of fertilizer is ap-

plied per acre and all is applied in the

bean row. Where beans are planted

with a fertilizer grain drill the drill

should be set to apply 200 lbs. per acre

at least. This will not be as much fer-

tilizer in the row of beans as 100 lbs.

with the corn planter because 200 lbs.

with the grain drill means that much

per acre applied through all the eleven

openings. My judgment is that acid

phosphate is the best bean fertilizer.

This plant does not need nitrogen un«

less the land is pretty well run down.





.Clover is Better than Alfalfa.





Our land is a heavy gray clay and

will grow clover or alfalfa. And we

plan a four or five-year rotation seed

with oat pasture or hay, corn, beans,

then beets. Would you advise clover

or alfalfa? What amount of potash

does alfalfa take from the soil compar-

ed to wheat? Clover is generally un-

derstood to be a benefit to the soil. Is

alfalfa also?



Tuscola Co. C. V. A.





For a four or five-year rotation al-

falfa is not practical. I would not ad-

vise sowing alfalfa unless one is to

leave it down for several years. My

idea is to seed the field you do not

want to plow very often,-to alfalfa. I

am seeding my rough land to alfalfa.

It takes this plant'lo'nger to get estab-

lished than clover. It is a better yield-

er but certainly not so good for a short

rotation. Like clover it adds nitrogen

to the soil and a great amount of or-

ganic matter of high quality, and is a

soil improver.



A ton of alfalfa contains 24.7 lbs. of

nitrogen, 6.1 lbs. of phosphoric acid

and 17.9 lbs. of potash. A ton'of wheat

(grain) contains 26.1 lbs. of nitrogen,

20.4 lbs. of phosphoric acid and 5.4 lbs.

of potash, and a ton of wheat straw

contains 5.0 lbs. of nitrogen, 2.2 lbs. of

phosphoric acid, and 6.3 lbs. of potash,

but this amount in the straw can not

be all added to the grain for a ton of

grain will not require a ton of straw.

It will be seen that alfalfa takes con

siderable more potash from the soil

than wheat. ‘





How Long will Drain Tile Lam





How long can drain tile be expected

to last if laid 12 or 15 inches deep?

Must they be below the frost line to

last any length of time? ,



Livingston Co. SUBSCRIBER.





Soft drain tile will crumble to pieces





by the action of frost in one winter,





when left on the top of the ground. If

buried 12 or 15 inches deep they would

last much longer because the . soil

would hold them together, but it would

only be a few years before a tile drain

laid of soft tile would be worthless if

laid so shallow they would freeze.

Hard or glazed tile are practically

indestructible. '_ ' They can absorb no

moisture and-consequently are not at-





 





’ be a'practloalf , _ _

the average, two feet or two and one-

half feet deep. Where only laid one

foot deep the drains must’be so close





together that it would make tile drain?





ing very expensive. But more than

this, they would not lower the water

table sufficiently. to furnish proper

feeding ground for the plant roots. ,





Sowing Alfalfa in Standing Corn.





I have a. piece of clover sod I pass

tured last summer that 11am going to

cover With manure and plant to sil-

age corn. 1_ keep it well cultivated.

How wouldnt be to sow it to alfalfa

some time in August? I have plenty





of marl. How would be the best way

to apply it?

Wexford 0.0 0.-S. E..





It would not be giving alfalfa a

square deal to sow it in standing corn

at' the- last cultivation. Even weed

seed will not germinate and grow um

der such conditions. The corn shades

the ground entirely too- much. The

corn needs and will use all the-mois-

ture at that time of year. Many years

it is so dry then that the corn crop

can’t get anywhere near enough mois‘

ture. Don’t sow alfalfa then, but

plow this land this fall after harvest-

ing the corn and then next spring

early sow the alfalfa, using a bushel

of cats or barley as a nurse crop.

Inoculate the seed and be sure and

use the marl.



The best time to apply the marl is

this fall and winter after the land is

plowed. The only way to apply the

marl is with a manure spreader or

with a shovel. Don’t be afraid to put

on a good lot of marl.



In this way you will make a suc-

cess of alfalfa. The other way will

be a failure.



COLON C. LILLIEq





 





A FARMER’S SCRAP BOOK.





 





Some time ago I noticed, in these

columns, an article recommending the

collection of a farmers’ technical‘libra

ry." While I agree with this idea. and

find my own limited collection of ines-

timable value, I wish to oifer an addi-

tional suggestion. _



When Mr. Evans said: “There is

probably no other occupation so diver-

sified as farming," he pretty nearly hit





‘the nail on the head. And for this very





reason it is impossible to write a text

book that will cover all cases.



2 When a man sets’about the preparao

tion of a text book, he must be guided

by general conditions; therefore, the

example in the text book must be adap«

ted to local conditions, and more br

less experimenting is necessary to ob-

tain the best results.



In every issue of this paper readers

from different parts of the state give

their experience in the various lines,

and under various conditions of soil,

climate, etc. In nearly every issue we

find something that fits our case es-

pecially well; perhaps the writer has

offered some new idea that is not to be

found in any text book; or the writer

of the article has peculiar conditions

to cope with, which are the same as

those with which we have to contend.





We read these things, and are im- ~





pressed; but when the time comes for

usingthem, they are forgotten.



Let us prepare a scrap book and pre-

serve those articles which are espe-

cially valuable. I have applied this

plan, and have a store of information

which is of more value than any text

book, because it is composed of articles

which meet my special requirements.



Most farmers receive reports from

the state and national’governments,





which are in the form of bound books.





Take one of these and remove two-

thirds of the leaves; a tube of glue

can be purchased for ten cents; and

here, at a trifling expense, we have a.

means of recording these valuable

hints. . - , .

Try this; and a year from 'now you





will be surprised at the value-of your. 1





collection. - . , .

WWW GFDELAM‘ER.





 





 





 

 





 

 





. . -- Ana—us .- .





\-
«I





~v~





-.‘dg . .





- ~.-.-..





l





 

 





1 ThWht amt. 5.1915





HE white grub ‘was very de«



structive in many parts of the



state last year, causing much

damage‘to lawns as well as field crops.

Wherever they ..were bad last year or

wherever they are found in abundance

this spring means a war of extermina-

tion. Every white grub killed now will

do much to lessen the damage to the

crops, by these pests, in 1918. .



This insect takes three years to

complete its life-cycle. The grubs that

were so injurious during the past year

spent the Winter in the soil, and by

May they come nearer the surface, and

feed for a short time on the roots. In

a little over a month they change into

pupae, which is the transformation

stage before they become beetles. In

September 'the large robust, brown

beetles emerge from their pupal skins,

spending the winter of 1916-17 in little

earthen cells in' the ground. They will

emerge during May, 1917, and lay their

eggs in grass lands, sod or weedy

ground. The egg is oval in shape,

white, and about one-tenth of an inch

long. These are laid in a small ball

of soil, nearly half an inch in diam-

eter, from one to five inches below the

surface. In a couple of weeks a new

crop of destructive grubs are hatched

and begin feeding on the surrounding

roots. For the rest of the season they





let hogs have‘free range for a while





and .they will prove very efficient in ‘





freeing the land of these undesirables.



Planting the next crop .as late as

possible will also aid as the grubs soon

beéome dormant pupae and as such do

very little damage.



The grubs are not the only ones that

do the damage although they are re-

sponsible for the major part of it. The

adult, commonly known as the June-

bug, feed on the leaves of fruit and

shade trees where they can be con-

trolled by spraying with an arsenical

or by the use of trap-lights. The beet-

les fly at night and are attracted to

lights, so by suspending a light over a

tub of water, into which some kero-

sene has been poured, .many may be

caught. This method is very little used

however. "



The beetles emerging in the spring

of 1917 can be controlled to a consider-

able extent by watching to see when

they appear, which will be during the

latter part of April or May, and then

Spraying the trees.



As the white grub is bad on such

crops as corn, timothy, early potatoes

and strawberries, to get the best re-

sults these should not follow one an-

other. Small grains or clover have

been recommended for use in a rota-

tion following one of the above crops.





 





 





 





The Ditches _by the Side of the Road on this Hill were Allowed to Fill, Caus.

ing the Roadway to be Destroyed by Erosion.





 





continue to eat and grow very slowly,

becoming half-grown and more destruc-

tive during the year of 1918.

Preventive Measures.

Immediate measures will do much

to keep down the chances for destruc-

tion, by this pest, during 1918. Inas-

much as the grubs will come near the

surface of the ground during the lat-

ter part of April it is best to delay the

plowing of last year’s infested ground

as late as possible. This will crush a

number of them. The more the ground

is worked and the finer the dirt is

broken up, the greater the destruction

of animal life contained therein. A

farmer in Branch county, last year

found, while digging a ditch for a tile

drain, that his land contained a large

number of White grubs. He had plan-

ned to grow corn here but as corn is a

favorite food of the grub it looked as

if he would have to change his rota-

tion. Not wishing to do this he plow-

ed the field, sixteen acres in all, and

dragged it four times. Then he spread

two tons of commercial fertilizer,





planting the corn about the first of‘





June. On the twenty-fifth of Septem-

ber'the corn was heavy both. in stalk

and leaves and also in thehamount of

grain. , . "



~ {Chickens following If the plow .5 will

pick: up“ ,marijt. of .these. pests} before

they; get, ' a. chance 5th. :‘crawl‘ back” into

‘ .theisoil» . Ifa piece _.of pasture is found

' to , ’1 :‘jinf at d with thesegrubs





‘-





 





There have been many reports of

the White grub doing damage already

in some sections. There will be many

sections in the state that were little

troubled with the grub last year but

will find it in great numbers this year.

This will also mean that, as the grub

takes three years to pass through its

life~cycle, it will be bad again in the

year 1919.





Mich. Ag. Col. Dox B. WHELAX,





 





Cross Pollenation of Com.





. Will seed corn mix the first plant—

mg? I purchased some sweet corn

seed from a reliable seed company and

planted it in my garden last spring

near the road. My neighbor, whose

garden is across the road to the south,

planted some pop corn in his garden

near the road fence. My sweet corn,

when mature enough for cooking, was

found to resemble the pop corn. It

had the pointed kernel and small, with

rows far apart and the corn was taste-

less. . The corn that I planted was per-

fect in appearance. Was it possible

that the mixing was done the first year

or was my seed mixed before planting?

SUBSCRIBER.

Corn cross pollenates very readily

under conditions such as are stated in

this inquiry. Any mixing of varieties

will be at once noted in the mixed

character of the corn produced. 3 It is

probable. that the sweet corn seed was

pure, but cross pollenated with-the

pop corn planted across the road,

which is easily possible. ‘ .





mmnnnnmmmnmunmnmnmnnnmmnummmmumImmnunmmnmnmnnmmnmmmmmllmmnmnuummmmnmunmnnmmmmnmmmmmmlmmne





 





 

 





Protect Your New Car





About 900,000 cars‘ will be bought this year.

Thousands of those new cars will age through lack of

proper attention. Between the new car and the pre-

maturely old car there are three main differences:





 





New Car 1





1. Silen motor.

2. Full power.

3. Infrequent repairs.





Let us look at the symp-

toms of premature old age:





(1) In a new motor, only

one thing brings on noise.

That is abuse. Too often noise

is the motor's complaint against

improper lubrication.





(2) The most serious

causes of permanently weak-

ened power are scored cylin-

ders, worn bearings and piston

r i n g s . T h e se

t r o u bl e s a r c

brought on by in-

correct lubrication.





 





 





Old Car





1. Noisy motor

2. Weakened power.

3. Frequent repairs.





The one main factor in keep-

ing your new car new is correct

lubrication.



You selected a car that suits

you. Now select the oil that

suits your car. You will find

the correct grade of Gargoyle

Mobiloils for your car specified

in the Chart of Recommenda-

tions, below.



For several years this Chart

has been a standard guide to

correct automobile

lubrication. If your

car is not listed in

this partial Chart,

a copy of our com-





(3) Duringthe M b'l i1 . .

. plete Lubrication

first W", “W 0 l 0 5 or... with”...





repairs usually are A grade for each type of motor you on request.





infrequent -— even



with incorrect oil. But with in-

correct lubrication the second

year brings the reckoning. The

results of wear now show up

plainly. The worn motor never

“ comes back."





In buying Gargoyle Mobiloils

from your dealer, it is safest to pur-

chase in original packages. Look

for the red Gargoyle on the container.

For information, kindly address any

inquiry to our nearest office.





 





CORRECT AUTOMOBILE LUBRICATION





Explanation: The four grades of Gargoyle MObiIOils for gasoline motor

lubrication, purified to remove free carbon, are:





Gargoyle Mobiloil “A"

Gargoyle Mobiloil “B"





Gargoyle Mobiloil “E"

Gargoyle Mobiloil “Arctic"





In the Chart below, the letter opposite the car indicates the grade of Gargoyle

Mobiloils that should be used. For example, “A” means Gargoyle Mobiloil





”A,” “Arc” means Gargoyle Mobiloil HArctic,” etc.





The recommendations





cover all models of both pleasure and commercial vehicles unless otherwise noted.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





lllllllllllllllllllllIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmllllfllllllllllllllll





 





Domestic Branches:





mmummmmmlumnmmnmuuumlmmlllllIllllllllllllllll





 





 





 





 





 





'(8 cyl).





 





Ar(.Arc.Arc.Arc





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Federal . . rr. Arc. Arr. Arc. Arc. Arc, Arc

Fiat ....... B A B A A B

Ford. E E E E E E E

Franklin A A A. A A A A

rent ........ ..--. A Ar(.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc................

Haynes .............. A Arr. A Arc. A Arc. A. .

“ (lacyl) ------ A A ..

H d ............. rc Art Arr.Art.Arc.Arc A .

"Su rSix ..... A .

Hupmohile ........... A Art. A Arc. A Arc A . '.

I.H.C.(lll’) ........ B A B - B A

(untenzcycltl A A A .A A A A A a...

" (watcr.4cycle) A Arr..... ...'..'....'

Afc.Arc.Arc. A Art. A

A Arc. A

A An. A

A Art. A

.. A A A A A A Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.

AArc. A A A E A E'

.A A Arc.Arc....... ...,

Arc.Arc_.1_A_rc.Arc Arc Arc





   





 





 





A

.. . .Arc, . Arc.An:.An‘



tearm‘nght....,,.. A .3 A B A A A A A‘

-' u , (8Cyl) A

Studebaker ........... Arc. Arc. Arc. A rho A A" A" A"

$1537.“) .......... A 2 A A A_An~ "A... A...

ere 4cy .......... Arc. A Are. A Arc. A' '

, I" (6Cyl) ..... -.... Arr AN‘.Arc.Arc.Arc.An:..... ... “a:





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Moon. or me 1915 191.. 1913 29mg ”0°"- °F 1916 I915 1914 jun; :91:

b b ‘6 *- 3 a b 5; “ 3 b *- 3 - .

ms 5:555:5:5§ ms 5- 5.55”,“

5253535252.- mBJ-akszsé-a?

‘Abbonnmoi: ...... Arc.Arc.Arc.Ac.Arc.A'K. A Are A Ara WK" .......... A Arc. A Arc. A Art. A Art. A Arc.

.. " Scyl). A A A A “”i " “ Com'l...‘.. A Arc, A Arc. A An- Arr A..- Aug";

rc.Arc.Arc.Arc. Arc Arc Arc.)\rr A "' ,,, (If. KMOdCl 48) A A A A A A . .. .... ...

A . ox ................ B A B A B A B A B A.

A Arc A An. A A A n A A " (Modelss)....- A A A A ""l

Arc-Arc. An.Arc,Arc Arc . .L.—. . omobxle .......... E E E E E E Arc.Arc Arc.Arc

A Arc. A A“, Arc A An, A A"; ner ......... A rc. A Arc. A Arch: Au' Armfirc]

A A A A A A A A 'A A; "mom..- A A Arc A Arc. A Arc. A Arc.

Arc. Arc. Arc. Arr. Arc. Arc. .. . Axwell.. . . Arc Arc. Arc. Arc Arc. An- An- A..- ArcArc.

A Arc. A Arc. A Arc . A Arc A Arc. A Arc A rho.

A A .. , .. .Arc.Arc .,.

Arr Arr.Arr Arc'A Arc ......”

.. ..ArcArc.Arc. . A .

A A ArcArc.

Cl A A A Arc. A Arc. A . A

'Chalmers ............ Arr. Art. ArcAvc. A A Arc. .. .

" (Modem-40 A Art ,, A

" (Model 6-30 " (Ian-1) ..... ..

Chandler Six ....... Oakland ............ A _ A

Chevrolet ........... Arr,Ar( ATLAI'C. A Arc. A .. . H . ‘l’ll ------ A A .... .... .... .;.: ...

[Cole ................ Arc.Ar€ Arc,Arr. Arc..-\rc. Arc. ‘ . Oldsmobile ----------- A'C-AFC- Arc.Arc.Arc.Arr A" A" A A113

" (8cyl).......... A A A A " (Styli-w A A.

Cunningham ......... . , , . , , ’trc. Arc. Am Arc. A A A A} Overland ............ Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc.

Detrpiter ........... Arc.Ar(. A Arc, A A A Arc. A A—rq





 





Packard ............. A Arc. A Aye Arr Arr An All":





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





;; 5:. .3511

. a





 





 





YOUR TRACTOR





also may be lubricated efficiently with Gargoyle Mobiloils. On request we

will mail you a separate Chart specifying the correct grade for each make

and model of tractor.





VACUUM OIL COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y., U. S.A.





Specialists in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants for

every class of machinery. Obtainahle everywhere in the world.





Detroit

Chico

New ork





Indian-polio Minneapolis .

Philadelphia Boston

ambush WOW-Fm:





munumimimnmiuuumumuumuuuuunmummiiunmmiuuummmumumuumuniuiiuuumiIIImnmumuuuiunulliilllllillllllllllfll . "





 

   





 





 





'unllmnnmmunuuummmummullImull!mmnmmtmmmmmmmmuuuuuumuunummnuu ,
Of course, you'll want at

least one. servrceable suit for

I “all occasmn" use this spring.





You have more room for

"choice this year, for we secured

a beautiful new Clothcraft gray

serge suit, “6130,” from the same

house that makes the well-known

“5130" Blue.





You’ll wonder how it's possible

to get so much good style and

careful workmanship for $15.00.





It's because the makers have

specialized on medium-priced

clothes for 70 years. The C loth—

craft factory ranks among the

foremost in the country in scien-

tific methods of manufacture.





It's a case where good wages,

fair treatment and high ideals

have produced better quality at

lower cost.





Blue or Gray—$15.00—which

. shall it be?





 





 





 





 





fictgrncnnrr spscm sauces

ckgfifi 5ti£i15,.4li.fi’.ilos°

CLOTHCRAFT CLOTHES





slow $25 Re...





to Wear

Made by The Joseph 6' Feiso (20.. Cleveland





[The Clothcraft Store





(IN YOUR TOWN)





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





   





Pump Comforts

. There's nothi that makes farmlife more

“ worth while_t an an abundance of um

water forjntchen, bath, lawn, at n,

barns, (13%, troughs, fire pmgction,

etc, Go Pumps are reasonable in

g price. and cost little to maintain.



. Our servwe Dept. ndvmeo free on

selecting from the 800 styles of





( :OULDS P356

may one:



—hmd, windmill, Gasoline.

motor. Rigidly tectod.Guar-

enticed. Backed byes years’

experience. Send today for

our newfree book “ Water

Supply for the Country

Home ” Adm





. Dec 9

pertinent M f,

‘.‘\ TheGouldstg.Co. 3‘

“fl Main Oflice&\Vork Y ‘

SenecaFalls,N.Y.

Branches:



Chicago

Philadelphia

Pittsbur h





   

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 





 

 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





ply of vegetable matter (humus)

in our soils, and at the same

time derive maximum benefits from

clean cultivation is the practical prob-

lem to be considered in any system of

soil management as applied to the or-

chard. After contrasting the advan-

tages and disadvantages of all systems

advanced, it is fair to believe, that

clean cultivation with cover crops is

the system that meets these require-

ments.



The clean cultivation and cover crop

system is practiced by some of the

most successful Orchardists in the

country. It consists of breaking the

soil early in the spring, from the fif-

teenth of April to the fifteenth of

May, giving it clean cultitivation until

some time between the fifteenth of

July and the first week in August,

and then sowing a cover crop. The

cover crop sown at this time helps to





’check the growth of the trees that sea-





son and hastens the maturity of their

wood. Soil and climatic conditions, as

will be explained later, must influence

the time of sowing the cover crops. It

is the time of sowing the cover crops

that enables the grower to contend

against the unfavorable weather con-

ditions, for by early or later sowing he

can overcome the effects of too much

rainfall or of protracted drouth.



In the Young Orchard.



In a young orchard, before the trees

occupy the whole of the ground, a sys-

tem of inter-cropping may be practiced.

The best crops to grow in the young

orchard are those that require clean

cultivation and that may be harvested

in time to admit a winter cover crop

being sown in the lale summer 01' ad

tumn, to be plowed under the next

spring. inter-cropping produces an in-

come, provides humusi‘orming mate-

rial to be turned under and prevents

soil washing. Potatoes, tomatoes, late

cabbage and other vegetables may be

grown with profit between fruit trees.

Strawberries and 81112111 fruits are also

desirable tenants in a young orchard.

As soon as the trees begin bearing

crops of fruit the practice of inter-crop-

ping should be discontinued.



Some of the functions of a cover

crop are to add vegetable matter to

the soil, to form a vegetable blanket to

protect the roots during the winter, to

prevent soil washing and increase the

quantity of available plant food in the

soil. - Productive soil must contain

large quantities of vegetable matter.

Trees do not return much vegetable

matter to the soil, and its addition by

a cover crop, in connection with clean

cultivation, is the most economical and

efficient method. Cover crops when

plowed under improve the physical





HllllIllIllllilllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllilffllllliliélflliiliil lllléllllllll





Soil» Management 2' 1n the ierchard?

‘ By w. MILTON KELLY . ,

. 3W to maintain an adequate sup- condition of the soil by making it por-





ous and refining the particles.

When to Stop Cultivation.



The time to discontinue cultivation

and sow cover crops is one Of the

questions that require discriminating

judgment. It depends upon present

conditions. and not infrequently upon

a forecast of the future weather. The

main thing to be considered is the

moisture that is available during July

and August. Late cultivation during

average seasons tends to promote a

late growth of sappy wood which fails

to harden before cold weather comes,

and is consequently killed-back. A

cover-crop by absorbing moisture from

the soil, checks the growth of the tree

and hastens the ripening of the wood,

thus enabling the tree to go through

the winter without being seriously in.

jured. The growth of the new wood

during the late season has much to do

with the growth that will be made by

the‘ tree the next season. A severe

drouth may so devitalize, or too much

moisture may cause an abnormal

growth as to seriously affect the

growth and vigor of the trees for a

number of years following. In ordnary

seasons from July fifteenth to August

first is the best time to sow the cover

crop. fiqwev'er, if drouth is prevalent

in the summer and continues it may

be best to continue the work of culti-

vation in order to conserve as much

moisture as is possible to enable the

trees to mature their new growth.

Trees that are carrying a heavy crop

of fruit during a dry, late summer and

fall may require cultivation until the

crop is nearly ripened. In such cases

there is little danger of encouraging a.

growth of wood late in the season, be-

cause the tree's vitality is largely util-

ized to mature the crop of fruit. As a

rule, I believe it is better to delay the

sowing ot‘ the cover crop when the

weather is dry or when the trees are

maturing a heavy crop of fruit. It has

been my experience that the trees are

not likely to make a heavy growth of

wood during years when they bear full

crops of fruit. Some years when trees

suffer the lack of moisture early in the

summer and enter into their dormant

state prematurely a few weeks of

warm, rainy weather in the fall will

start up a spring-like growth at the

time when they should be dormant for

winter.



The Cover Crops.



Which crops make the best cover for

winter? Opinions differ in regard to

the best cover crops and it is safe to

say that no one crop is best under all

conditions. Conditions of soil and cli-

mate, the amount of fruit and growth

produced and other factors should

guide us in the choice of cover crops.





illlilllllllilllllllillllllllllllllllllillllllliiilllllllllllilllllllllilllllIllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll[it'lllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllll





 





 





4





 





Blossom Time" is a Period of Promise—the Birthday of a Fruit Crop.

Results at this time are made more cot-ta,

- agement which Insu‘nes Thrifty Trees. ,- ‘





Good





in by Orchard Manage-





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





., .‘ , rs, salt as, Trpess‘dndibeans,

which‘have ‘the ability of‘gett‘i'ng nitro;

gen‘fro’m the atmosphere, are the best

cover. crops. It requires considerable





 

 





 





labor and expense to get some orchard '





soils in condition to grow these. crops,

but when we once bring them up to





such a condition, we shall have solved '





the most important factors of soil

management as applied to the orchard,

that of tillage, renewing the supply of

humus and regulating the supply of

nitrogen and moisture in the soil. Now

I wish to call your attention to the

value of humus in making plant food

available. Cover crops do not add min.

eral fertility, they simply find it, and

by the development of humic acid (a.

powerful solvent) make it available,

showing that there is still plenty of

plant food, which cannot be made

available without humus, to promote

the development of humic acid, to lib<

erate the phosphoric acid and nitrogen

and make them more available.



The habits and characteristics of

some of the better known cover crops

are hairy vetch, very hardy, makes a

slow growth during the fall and does

not hold snow as well as some of the

other crops. Field peas make a heavy

growth and are especially valuable to

mix with some other crops. Crimson

clover is rather uncertain and subject

to being winter-killed in this latitude.

Soy beans and cowpeas are of about





 





 





 





Cut-worms Damage Buds of the Young

Trees. Cotton Bands will Protect

them. Above Photo Taken at Night.





 





the same value and character of

growth and are very desirable crops in

sections where they will thrive. Rye

is the very best cover crop for winter

and stands up well. Oats come up

quickly and afford a good blanket for

winter. Millet is less valuable than

oats. Turnips and rutabagas add hum-

us and make phosphoric acid available,

but lack the essential qualities for hold-

ing snow.

Use Plenty of Seed.



The quantity of seed to sow and the

methods of seeding are about the same

as those employed in ordinary field cul-

ture. There is no danger of using too

much seed. The thicker growth the

better blanket it affords during the

winter and the more vegetable matter

is grown to plow under. To prove that

the system of clean cultivation with

cover crops pays, I am going to submit

the following figures from the State

College of Agriculture at Cornell:





Niagara County. Per Acre.

Bu. Income

Tilled 10 years or more. . 280 $120

Tilled 5 years............ 254 100

Tilled 3 years at least. . .. 239 97

Sod 10 years or more... . . 194 75

Sod5years..............197 76

Sod3years.............. 209 67

Orleans County. Per Acre.

Bu. Income

Tilled 10 years or more. .. 327 $182.

Tilled5years............ 274 138

Sod 10 years or more. . . . . 176 87 ,

SOd5Y83r5......J.Q..osJ 20‘- ”108





Study these figures if you are" inter:

ested'in working

soil mom _ a 5





 





s as.





out a. good sYstem 9t ‘





i
. poms sAsPBERRv ’INssc-r PESTS.





.195





 





I heard several complaints made

last season by growers of black rasp-

berries, that many of their new canes,

after attaining a length of .19 or 20

inches, broke off near the root. Much

inquiry was made as to the cause, and

what could be done to prevent it. I

venture the following reply, trusting

it may prove beneficial to some in the

future. ‘ .



The canes of black raspberries are

sometimes broken off by winds. Bank-

ing up with earth has a tendency to

prevent this; tying the canes to a.

stake of trellis has the same effect.

Another and more serious cause of

trouble are the raspberry borers—two

of which work on the young canes or

shoots. The work of either of them

can readily be told by the wilting of

the canes some distance from the top,

but not quite to the ground, which

may have caused the trouble complain-

ed of. One of the girdlers is a slender

female beetle, which cuts two circles

about one-half inch apart and between

these circles lays an egg in the cane,

thus preventing the crushing of the

egg before it hatches. The young bor-

er works down into the cane, through

the pith and usually kills it before the

next spring. By fall the borer is near-

ly an inch long—slender, shining, dull

yellow, with a dark brown head. The

beetle which comes from it the next

spring is about half an inch long, slen-

der, dark brown with a reddish yellow

thorax on which are two or three dark

spots. '



The other girdler is a comparatively

new pest to the raspberry. It works

entirely on the young shoots springing

from the roots. It is a little white

maggot with black jaws and bores an

irregular channel down through the

center from near the top. When a

few inches from the ground, the mag-

got girdles the shoot on the inside and

so close to the outside bark that it can

be seen at work through the bark. Af-

ter the shoot is girdled, the. maggot

continues its waydownward toward

the root. It is cone-shaped, and not

quite a quarter of an inch long when

it does the girdling.



Were I troubled with bushes break-

ing down I should give my plantation

a careful examination to see if per-

chance, this pest were not the cause.

The remedy recommended for these

girdlers is to watch for the wilted

shoots and cut them off some distance

below where they wilt; then burn or

destroy the injured parts.



Another pest that sometimes works

mischief in the raspberry patch is the

red~necked agrilus, which causes an

irregular swelling of the canes. The

bark becomes roughened and cracked,

much as it does in anthracnose, and

when split through the swelling, little

burrows with slender, yellowish white

borers will be found. These borers

will appear in June or July as small,

slender beetles with the characteristic

red collar. For this reason the galls

should be cut out early in the spring

and destroyed before the borcr ma-

tures and escapes.



Oceana Co. MRS. J. M. WILLSON.





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





 





Oyster Shell Scale.

I am enclosing a piece of bark taken

from an apple tree. Can you tell me

what the trouble is? I thought it





- might be San Jose scale, but as I am





not acquainted with it I am not sure.



Mecosta Co. ‘ J. J. W.



The sample you sent was covered

with oyster shell scale. This scale in-

sect is not as dangerous as the San

Jose scale because it does not spread

as fast but is more difficult to control

because it is in the egg stage during

the dormant season when scale spray<

ing is carried on.



In orchards which are annually

sprayed for San Jose scale this scale

rarely becomes noticeable as the lime-

sulphur keeps it. in check. But the use

of lime-sulphur in‘orchards badly in-

With it'd’oes not give desired re-





 





, this scale.





 





suits because the~lime~sulphur does not

sufficiently come in contact with the

eggs which are under the scale. For

this reason one of the reputable' oil

sprays, such as Scalecide, will be bet-

ter to use as they spread under the

scaly covering and destroy the eggs.

The oil spray, being a manufactured

article, should be used according to

the directions given by the maker. If

lime-sulphur is used the strength





should be the same as for San Jose





scale, or one gallon of the concentrat-

ed commercial mixture to eight of wa-

ter. The dormant season, either spring

or fall, is the only time that any ef-

fective work can be done to control

Neither of the mixtures as

suggested above can be used except

during the dormant time without in-

jury to the trees.





PRODUCING FINE TOMATOES.





 





When one takes to market unblem-

ished and rich, red tomatoes, a ques-

tion often asked is: “How can you

grow such tempting fruit?” Fine ap-

pearing tomatoes are not difficult to

produce in any garden if the plants

are staked. Staked tomato vines hold

the fruit up where it cannot come in

contact with the ground. Lying on the

damp and cool ground in the shade of

the vines, the fruit often rots or be-

comes spotted which results in a great

deal of waste when it is prepared for

canning, and it is unfit for- marketing

purposes on account of its softness

and bitter taste.



Staked vines lift the fruit high

where the air can circulate freely

through them and the sun reach them

for at least a portion of the day. It

ripens quicker and more uniformly, it

bears the rosy blush of the fruit de-

sired, and it is much easier harvested.



The stakes should be about four or

five feet high. If lumber is scarce

one may use stakes cut in the woods,

or when pruning the orchard cut the

stakes frpm trimmed off limbs. Drive

two stakes securely into the ground at

each vine, so that they form an invert-

ed V, and tie them together at the top.

Fifteen inches apart at the bottom is

sufficient generally.



Staking need not be done until the

vines have produced a good growth

and the fruit setting, or it will inter-

fere with cultivation. Use soft, heavy

twine, and tie each vine to the stakes

in two or three places so that they

will not be whipped about by heavy

winds. Six or seven dozen vines well

staked will supply a family with an

abundance of delicious, unblemished

tomatoes both for summer use and

canning. J. J. JUSTICE.





TAKING THE FARM TO THE MAR-

KET.





 





If the market refuses to come to the

farm, why not take the farm to the

market? When peaches were selling

for twenty-five cents per bushel in the

fruit sections of Michigan last year,

the people in towns a few miles away

were paying $1.00 to $2.00 for them.

Two men in this neighborhood, who

have a few acres of peaches, sold sev-

eral hundred bushels for $1.00 to $1.50

per bushel right in the orchard, with

no expense except for growing and

picking, and could have sold several

hundreds of bushels more if they had

had them. At the same time, peaches

were selling for 50 to 75 cents in the

city twelve miles away.



Would it not be well for any fruit

grower looking for a location to con-

sider the advisability of getting one

away from the great commercial or-

chards and where there is a good local

market? In many states fruit can be

grown over a much wider area than

is generally supposed, and it is not

difficult for a man with some experi-

ence to select a favorable location

near a good local market. If in addi-

tion to the local market the place is

within reach of a fair sized city, by

means of electric road or motor truck,

the situation is ideal. 0. F. EVANS.





1212.





such shape that





set in.





ice and snow.





did. ”





A. A. C.





quick-acting

season.

good and practical.





East of the Mississippi.





 





 

     





I)ress

’your Wheat





The Rural N ew-Yorker says: “This

is a Season when top-dressing for the

winter grain will pay good dividends.



By ‘top-dressing’ we mean spread-

ing a moderate quantity of soluble



lant food over the grain fields.



here are some seasons when the

grain comes through the Winter in





this top=dressing





would hardly pay, but this year, the

sudden cleanup of Winter reveals the

need of a little stimulant to start the

grain off quickly. Much of the wheat

was late seeded last Fall, and did not

have a good chance before Winter

Then came a season of cold

weather with bare ground and then

Now comes a quick

thaw with a hot sun on the plants as

they are uncovered. Add to this con-

dition the fact that prices will be high,

demand heavier than ever, and the

total crop a little short, and we have

every argument in favor of using avail-

able fertilizer this Spring.

impossible to obtain potash econom-

ically this year, but nitrogen and phos-

phoric acid will pay now if they ever





It will be





There are no better Top-

Dressing Fertilizers than the





Fertilizers





Ask our nearest Sales Office for prices on

top-dressing fertilizers for

The Rural New-Yorker’s advice is],





this





The American

Agricultural Chemical Company





Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Philadelphia. Baltimore. New

York, Buffalo and Boston. (Address nearest oflire)

We have a factory nearyou. We ship from 27 diflerent factory point:

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory.





.7





 





Send for Catalog A for prices

of Bee Hives. etc. We scllcvcry-

thing for bees, including bcgin-

Beeswax





BEEKEEPERS’SUPPLIES





 

 





ner’s equipments.

wanted.



Send for catalog B for prices

of thoroughbred Italian bees

and queens.





BERRY BASKETS





Send for catalog C for prices

of Berry Baskets and crates-



Specinl—‘ZOO Waxlined paper

berry baskets postpaid for

$1.00 or 200 A grade Wood

berry basksts postpaid for

$1.25 to any point within 150

miles of Lansing.





M. II. HUNT 8 SON, Box 525, LANSING, MICE.





 





 





 





 

 





SAVE YOUR APPLES

With a Monarch Hydraulic Cider Pres. ’ _.—.—» = .. r

you can turn your cull. into good selling —"'~ “ “

o dot. You can also do custom preum _

for ,{our neighbors. Our improved

pressure construction gets all '

thejulcet‘rom the apples with min-

imum power. All sizes of

Presto-,fromllltowobamls m. 34;: "

a day. A small investment

will startyou in a profitable





   

 





 

   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   

 

   

 





business. Auk tarmac. a rm.

Octal describing the 1:1 “Out-nu.





   





A





 





     





 





SEED POTATOES





Late Pemskoy. ’l‘ho bcst late potato for yield.

market and freedom from blight and scab. Med-

ium size. graded potatocs. 2 to 10 bu.. $1.25 per





.bu.: more than 10 bu. $1.20 per bu. Bags free.





Special prices on large orders.





 





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Niltional Da ;





HE national convention or. con-

ference-of milk producers and

other dairy. interests of the coun-

try, held at W’ashington, May 5-6, was

an unqualified success and should

prove an important advance step in

dairy legislation and organization in

this country. The conference was call-

ed by ofiicials of the National Butter-

makers’ Association and the- National

Dairy Union, Secretary Wm. T. Greasy

of the latter, and Mr. W. E. Skinner

of the former body, being prime mov-

ers. The object of the conference as

announced was to develop uniform

practical regulations governing the

production and care of dairy products.

The conference was inspired by the

recent proposals in Congress to ex-

tend federal inspection of dairy farms,

creameries, skim-milk stations, etc.,

but the discussions uncovered many

phases of inspection and regulation

now practiced that alone justified the

conference.



The meeting was perhaps one of the

most representative and widely attend-

ed that has ever been held. There

were about 350 present at every ses-

sion, and the promptness of gathering

and uniformity of attendance at all

sessions spoke volumes for the ear-

nestness of purpose of all there. Thirty

states were represented by from one

to six delegates, ranging from Maine

to Oregon and from Michigan to South

Carolina. Every dairy breed associa-

tion was also represented in addition

to delegates from local and trade bod-

ies representing every branch of the

dairy industry.



The purposes of the conference were

definitely stated in a short opening ad-

dress by Vi’m. T. Creasy. Co-opcration

of the Department of Agriculture in de-

velopment of the dairy industry was

promised in the address of welcome

by Assistant Secretary Carl V'rooman.

Response was made by the Hon. M.

D. Munn, president of the National

Dairy Council. Mr. Munn sounded the

keynote of the conference, declaring

that all had come for a definite pur-

pose to secure improvement of certain

definite conditions and secure definite

legislation. He asked for the reorgan-

ization of the Dairy Division of the

Bureau of Animal Industry to care for

the growth of the industry and give

more efficient attention to the special-

ties developing in the industry. He

urged all to deal with the general prin-

ciples involved and not in personali-

ties, but to be firm in appeals for only

such regulation and inspection as is

necessary and then have these on just

and equitable grounds and administer

ed by officials who have a close and in-

timate knowledge of the business.



Permanent organization was effect-

ed by election of M. D. Munn, of Min-

nesota, president; N. P. Hull, of Mich-

igan, vice-president; Vi'm. T. Creasy,

of Pennsylvania, secretary.



The Dairy Field.



N. P. Hull, president of the National

Dairy Union, opened the regular pro-

gram with an address on the general

needs of the dairy industry. He ap-

pealed for remedial measures that

would permit a'rliving profit to practic-

ing dairymen; such profit being the

first necessity in development and per-

manency of any industry. He declar-

ed that we have put too much empha-

sis on production in all lines and not

enough on soil fertility conservation,

which in general demands more dairy

cows and a return of fertility to the

soil. Dairying is not profitable in the

large dairy areas today. Feeds, labor,

care and equipment have all increased

in cost much more rapidly than the

selling price of milk. We are advised





, to cheapen cost of production, but the





trend of prices reaches a' point where

cost can not be cheapened and there

is still no profit. Milk must improve

in quality, but more particularly it

must, advance in price. A big factor in





 





 





increasing cost is illogical. unjust and





 





r, .





Convention





unreasonable inspection and regulation

by city, state and federal governments,

and lack of uniformity in regulation

demands. Mr. Hull advocated munici-

pal distribution of milk with city bac-

teriological tests as a check on whole-

someness. Duplication of equipment,

investment and time in distribution ac-

counts for much of the difference in

price to producer and consumer. This

could be eliminated by municipal dis-

tribution. Let the city establish its

grades and test fairly and openly and

the farmer who fails to meet the re-

quirements will ask for inspection of

premises and be in the proper frame

of mind to act on reasonable sugges-

tions.

Standardization.



Dr. H. A. Harding, dairy bacteriolo-

gist of the University‘of Illinois, dis-

cussed “The standardization of condi-

tions under which milk and cream are

handled from producer to consumer.”

This discussion was based upon a dup-

licate series of careful experiments,

the findings of which should be read

by every city board of health. Kindly

keep in mind that practically all city

inspection and regulation has been

based upon herd and stable scores,

and then note the results of these ex-

periments as reported by Dr. Harding.



He declared that all regulation of

milk trade can be based logically only

on food value, healthfulness and clean-

liness. Food value depends primarily

upon amount of total solids. The pres-

ent standard of 11.75 per cent of total

solids is about as far as such stan-

dards can go and is generally accepted

as just and reasonable. Healthfulness

depends upon absence of disease germs.

Pasteurization is the only feasible

remedy at this time, but must be ad-

ministered by distributors or dealers

as pasteurization at the farm is not

yet practical. The time has not come

for universal pasteurization in inter-

state shipment because of the cost of

producing end.



Cleanliness. ,



Cleanliness is most difficult to con-

trol and is the factor in which greatest

error has been made in past regula-

tions. Bacterial examination is at

present the best test of cleanliness.

Using the bacterial count as test, in-

vestigations show that condition of the

barn as ordinarily scored has very lit-

tle effect upon bacteria content of milk

except in extreme cases. Cleanliness

of cow has little effect, and with milk-

ingmachines properly handled this ef-

fect is greatly lessened. The two great-

est sources of bacteria infection are

seeding with germ life in processes of

straining, aerating, transporting in

cans, in bottling machinery, and in

temperature. Of these, responsibility

for contamination at strainer and pail

(which tests show to be least com-

mon) is with the farmer; responsibil-

ity for contamination from machinery

in bottling (which tests show to be

greatest) lies with the retailers. Time

and temperature of handling, the two

greatest factors in control of bacterial

growth, are in the hands of the trans-

portation companies and the retailers.

The facts in hand indicate that the

factor of cleanliness, as indicated by

bacterial examination, is largely in the

hands of the transportation companies

and retailers, and least of all in the

hands of the producers who have been

made the target of all kinds of herd

and stable inspection and scoring.

Federal inspection is not feasible for

universal enforcement and federal in-

spection of herds and stables alone

will fall far short of effective control.



Pasteurization.



Prof. O. F. Hunziker, chief of dairy

husbandry at Purdue University, dis-

cussed “pasteurization in the dairy in-

dustry.” He declared that the com.-





.mercial and economic feature of the





industry demanded pasteurization of

dairy products; it was necessary in





order to kill disease germs and~ keep





 





 

       





In handling of market milk, pasteurizaii

tion is necessary in order to keep in

condition to market, and it properly

done does not injure food value. It5

kills lacuc acid bacteria it kept close

to the boiling point but is not objec-

tionable at commercial temperatures.

It pasteurized by holding method at

145 degrees temperature, the disease

germs are killed and digestibility is

not injured. Dealers have objected to

pasteurization because the treatment

tended to diminish the cream line.

This is true only at the high tempera;-

ture near the boiling point. The nom-

ing process at near 145 degrees not

only retains but hastens the formation

of the cream line. These facts were

demonstrated by recent careful experi-

ments. The professor also advocated

pasteurization of cream for butter mak-

ing and declared it pasteurizing was

done with sweet cream there was no

difficulty and no bad effects. Sour

cream can not be pasteurized success-

fully because of combination of high

acid and high temperature forming a

powerful corrosive that not only injur-

ed metal equipment but imparts a dis-





agreeable off flavor to the product.





Heating to 145 degrees temperature

and holding from 15 to 20 minutes at

that temperature was the process ad-

vocatod.





The value of pasteurization in de-

stroying disease germs in butter has

not been definitely proven, but the

process is at best advisable, and if

properly done it improves rather than

impairs the quality of the product. He

quoted charts showing scores of butter

from both raw and pasteurized cream

in which the pasteurized product gave

best scores, both when fresh and when I

coming out of storage Summing up,

he declared that the only practical

weakness in pasteurization of products

in commercial trade was with sour

cream and even here the use of neu~

traiizers would overcome the difficulty.

Cream grading and quality paying is

the secret of better butter but until we

reach that practice, pasteurization

must be used with cream as it comes

to the butter maker today.





Reasonable Legislation.



W. J. Kittie, secretary of the North-

ern Illinois Milk Producers‘ Associa-

tion, and the man who brought the

recent Chicago “milk strike" to a suc-

cessful close, discussed the “kind of

legislation under which the farmer can

succeed.” He gave a brief review of

the organization of his association. It

has a membership of 10,000 dairy

farmers, 62 per cent of which are rent-

ers. 'l‘h'ese dairymen have carried the

burden of city regulations, changing

with every city administration for

years until the only profit in the busi-

ness was the calf and the manure. 0v-

er 9,000 of the members stood together

in the recent strike and, acting as one

man, won recognition and a higher

price. The only legislation he thought

desirable was what he characterized

as “reasonable" legislation; reason-

able in being based upon essential

things and stable enough to avoid fre-

quent and expensive changes. He ask‘

ed for a check upon city officials and

greater uniformity of city regulation.

He thought there should be a federal

law or ruling definitely defining mar-

ket milk and then provisions to pro-

tect the producer who turns out a pro-

duct that measures up to the require-

ments. Tuberculosis control should

have reasonable enforcement, with uni-

form laws in every state and reason-

able remuneration for animals slaugh-

tered. If animals are killed for public

protection, the public ought to pay for

such animals.





Legal Standards.





Prof. _G. L. McKay, secretary of Am-

erican Association of Creamery Butter

Manufacturers, discussed “Legal Stan-

dards of Butter.” Present standards

are rather indefinitely fixed by food

products’ committee calling for 80 per

cent fat in butter and the federal or-
, , derli ting iiidi, turezcontentjto {16 per

cent. Mr. McKay Quoted investigations

in various countries. showing that

these requirements were approxi-

mately correct and declared thatvthe

16 per cent. moisture ruling was the

best thing that= could have happened

for the stability of the butter business

' in this country. The trade demands

that butter be of good flavor, good tex-

ture and good aroma. These require-

ments are met in an 80 per cent fat

content, and- a higher fat standard is

not called for. The proposal to in-

crease it to 821/2 per cent is unjust,

unreasonable and unnecessary. France

permits an 18 per cent moisture con-

tent. Denmark calls for a 16 per cent

limit for export butter and 20 per cent

for domestic use. England, after long

investigation, fixed a 16 per cent limit.

Surplus Products.



Utilization of surplus dairy products

was discussed by B. H. Raw], Chief of

the Federal Dairy Division. His sub-

ject presupposes a. surplus, which, he

declared, does not exist in the country

as a whole. Certain sections now have

a surplus and will face a grave prob-

lem ten years from now unless new

markets are developed. All dairy pro-

ducts are cheap when compared with

other food products on a food value

basis. Domestic consumption must in-

crease by advertisement and develop-

ment of this fact. When that is done

there is an unlimited field in the ex-

port trade if wisely and skilfully hand-

led with first-class products. He call-

ed for greater development of the

cheese business, particularly of the

fancy grades now being so largely im-

ported; also in manufacture and sale

of by-products, such as skim-milk, but-

termilk, cottage cheese, casein, milk

powder, etc.



Reasonable Regulations.



L. J. Tabor (a practical dairyman

who had taken his place in line and

milked ten cows down in the sun-kiss-

ed hills of Belmont county, Ohio, the

evening before the convention), mas-

ter of the Ohio State Grange and rep-

resenting the National Grange, discuss-

ed “What are Reasonable Regulations

for a Milk Producer to Operate under.”

Mr. Tabor introduced the co—operative

idea and cited the case of his local or~

ganization as evidence. Organize the

producers and set organization stan-

dards to meet market requirements

and you will accomplish more than by

years of legislation. In his home com-

munity a. local association controls all

but 20 cows in the township. A com-

mittee of three sells all the milk. A

local committee establishes association

standards and acts as inspectors. They

have made more money and cleaned

up stables, built more milk houses,

eliminated more old manure piles and

improved the product more in six

months than has been accomplished

by eleven years of city inspection. As-

sociation regulations have been based

upon factors affecting health and com-

fort of the cow, clean milking, early

aeration and cooling of milk and hand-

ling in well cleaned and sterilized uten—

sils. Producers know the reason for

every precaution taken and there is no

objection to following the regulations.



Commenting on this discussion, Prof.

Oscar Erf, of the Ohio'University, de-

clared his belief that the cooperative

association idea was the secret of reg-

ulation success. Congress will never

take the power of regulation from the

cities and producers must meet it as

outlined by Mr. Tabor. Co-operation

removes misunderstanding and sus-

picion and puts all classes on a basis

of better understanding, not only of

each other but of actual requirements

of thebusiness. Prof. Erf predicted

that cities would eventually establish

grades for milk, and the lowest grades

would have the greatest demand. He

cited cases of cows in expensive sta-

bles, elaborately cared for, showing

high bacterial counts in milk, simply

because they were unhealthy, due to

pampering. Make stables comfortable,

keep coWs healthy and they will pro-

duce wholesome milk. He suggested





 





 





 





 





   





an annual'conference

every state dairy organization to draft

rules for local obserVance. ,



0 Dairy inspection.



Hon. J. J. Farrell, Dairy and. Food

Commissioner of Minnesota, and pres-

ident of the National Creamery Butter

Makers’ Association, discussed “Con-

structive Dairy Inspection.” He de-

clared that inspection alone is not a

measure of improvement. As long as

there must be inspection it should be

educational rather than mandatory. As

such the inspectors should be capable

of instructing and should know that

the basis of their instruction is sound.

Mr. Farrell touched off the real fire-

works of the conference in a mild but

firm reference to attitude of Bureau

of Animal Industry officials toward the

dairy industry. He referred specifical-

ly to the report of that bureau for

1912, which gives incomplete figures

and statements on the conduct and

management of creameries and skim-

ming stations calculated to create un-

just impressions derogatory to the

dairy industry as a. Whole. He declar-

ed that a portion at least of that re-

port was written by someone vitally

interested in discrediting the dairy

business and that the report of 1912

has been and is being used by a propa-

ganda to destroy confidence in the but-

ter industry as it is now conducted.

He charged that bureau officials admit-

ted that figures in the report were

misleading, but they have taken no

steps to correct the erroneous impres-

sions. He further declared that this

same report is being used as the basis

for further federal regulation propOsals

in Congress. He called attention to

the fact that federal inspection and

regulation of the meat packing busi-

ness has given the packers a virtual

monopoly, and he warnedthat federal

inspection of creameries would do the

same thing with the dairy industry.





NORTHEASTERN MICHIGAN HOL-

STElN BREEDERS MEET.





 





At the close of fine addresses by

Prof. A. C. Anderson, of the M. A. C.,

and by Hon. T. F. Marston, of Bay

City, for the Northeastern Michigan

Holstein-Friesian Breeders’ Associa-

tion was formed.



The following officers were elected:

Dorr D. Buell, president; C. J. Franks,

vice-president; Carl C. Marschner, sec-

retary—treasurer.



The board of directors consists of

the following members: ’Wallace Cogs-

well, Abram Van Auken, F. J. Staf~

ford, F. W. Humeston, R. D. Bailey.



Annual meetings will be held the

third Thursday of June.



President Dorr D. Buell appointed as

a committee to formulate working

plans for the association R. D. Bailey,

F. \V. Humeston and Carl G. Marsch-

her.



The by—laws as recommended by

Prof. Anderson were adopted.



The formation of this association is

no surprise to the community as steps

leading to it have been taken for over

a year. It is a result of a determina-

tion on the part of observant farmers

to unite on one breed of dairy stock,

in order to get better stock and receive

the impetus of community effort.



In his address before the association

Prof. Anderson made it clear that both

the beef stock and the dairy stock of

this region are wasteful in that being

of inferior breeding they do not con-

vert the feed consumed into the maxi-

mum amount of beef or dairy products.

The mixing of breeds does not turn out

well. Calves from grade cows at the

College sell for about $5.00, while

those of pure-bred dairy animals sell

on the average for $75. The pure-

breds there average twice as much net

income as the grades. Prof. Anderson

also illustrated how the raising of





delegates. from





 





 





 





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Seeing the Difference





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Cream Separators





HE difference between a modern De Laval and any other cream

I separator is apparent at first sight.

minutes to compare the separating bowl construction, the size, '

material and finish of the working parts, particularly those subject to

wear, the manner of oiling, and everything which enters into the

design and construction of a separator as a simple durable machine,

you will still further see the difference.



Then if you go a step farther and turn the cranks of the two

machines side by side for fifteen minutes, running milk or water

through the bowl, you will see still more difference.



And if you will run the two machines side by side in practical

use, as any De Laval agent will be glad to have you do, the De Laval

one day and the other machine the next, for a couple of weeks, you

will see still greater difference in the work of the two machines.



Every De Laval agent considers it a privilege to show the difference

between the De Laval and other separators and to afford every pros-

pective buyer the opportunity to try out and prove the difference to

his own satisfaction, if on first examination he feels the slightest doubt

If you don’t know the nearest De Laval agent write to the





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[Hon. T. F‘. Marston showed how ad-

vantageous it is to give up individual

breeding work and to unite on one

breed of cattle in a neighborhood, and

that a cow that does not produce 7,000

pounds of milk in a year is not profit-

able. He urged keeping at least a rec-

ord of milk and feed for one day each

week, and the formation of cow-testing

associations.





Over 5 000,000 rods Brown

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‘U. P. Live Stock 1'03 .9





HIS topic is receiving more at-

tention each year in the Upper

Peninsula of, Michigan. Inquiries

are coming to my office almost daily

in regard to almost every condition of

live stock husbandry. The inquiries

come from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indi-

ana, Iowa, Montana, Alberta, Canada,

Colorado and Utah. These inquiries

embrace the growing of beef cattle,

dairy cattle, sheep, hogs-and horses.

There is a mistaken notion about

the cut—over lands, due no doubt, to

igthe fact that the Upper Peninsula is

ilooked upon as a lumber and mining

i'pountry. It is. When the heavy crop

lof timber is taken off, then the :oppor-

tunity to grow live stock begins, and

not until the timber is removed.

There is a mistaken impression also

in regard to the length of the feeding

period. In 1915 on the State Experi-

ment Farm at Chatham, Alger county,

the live stock were turned on pasture

April 26 and taken from pasture No-

vember 15 and, except the dairy cows,

were fed nothing else but the pasture.





:{ln 1916 we are about ten days later.

ZVVe do have deep snow and cold win-





ters. It is continued cold without the

freezing and thawing one has in south-

ern Michigan and northern Ohio and

Indiana.



Clover is Indigenous.



This region has been given the name

“Cloverland,” and rightly so, because

alsike clover grows on every logging

or tote road, around every logging

camp and everywhere there is an op-

portunity for it to get enough sunlight

to grow.



The pasture 011 the hardwood cut-

over lands is our gieat asset in the

production of mutton, wool and beef.

13y burning the brush and logs and

seeding right on the burnings without

any further labor after the seeding is

done, in August, without removing any

of the stumps one can get a pasture

that will gladden the heart of any

stockman. If he will seed with two

pounds of alsike, two pounds medium,

two pounds mammoth clovers, two

pounds alfalfa and four pounds of tim-

othy per acre on all uplands, and four

pounds timothy, four pounds of red-

top, four pounds alsike clover on low

lands; there will be no time during the

growing season that he will not have

an abundance of feed. The Upper Pe-

ninsula is blessed with over nine inch-

es of rainfall during the growing sea-

son and it is well distributed through

the season, making this an ideal grass

growing county.



This county is developing in live

stock husbandry from Sault Ste. Marie

to Ironwood, from Menominee to Ke-

weenaw and it is not only developing

in numbers but in quality. Since Jan-

uary 1, 1916, there have been bought

by the common farmers 36 registered

bulls, 34 of them dairy bulls and two

beef bulls. I have the record of the

purchase of that many bulls and I we

sume there have been as many more

that I know nothing about. On the

average these bulls will breed 40 cows

each and that means a large increase

in quality as well as quantity of young

stock produced.



' Live Stock Organizations.



Cloverland has‘some large cattle as-

sociations. The Standard Holstein As.

sociation of Bruce's Crossing, and the

Chippewa County Cow Club, Holsteins

only, are among the very progressive

live stock associations of the state.

The Superior Guernsey Association of

Ironwood is another live stock associa-

tion. There are over 20 of these live

stock associations in Cloverland and

are all alive and doing good work. '



Among the private herds of beef cat-

tle are the Schley Bros, of Ralph, with

their herd of white-face cattle; Har-

grave and Roberts, of Germfask, with

Shorthorns; Dr. Dixon, of Sault Ste.

Marie, with. pure—bred Shorthorns;

Donald McLean with Shorthorns, and





,' Senor and Erickson, bf Escanaba, with

.whtte-fa‘ce herds. As far as 1 know





 





i

all are making good growing beef. Inn).

dairy herds F. H. Vandenboom, Mar-

quette, has the largest herd of about

100 milch cows, while C. E. Johnson,

Ironwood, has 70 cows, and Mr. Berg.

man, Bark River, about the same num-

ber. All over the Peninsula, in every

settlement the dairy cow is a source of

income and in most cases proves .a

very profitable investment. The herds

of pure-bred cattle rank among the

best in the United States. Emblagaard,

Northern State Hospital, National Pole

Company, White Marble Lime Com-

pany, Julius Linstedt, Upper Peninsula

Experiment Station and many others

have herds of excellent Holsteins.





Roycroft Jerseys are known wher-

ever Jerseys are kept. Bergman, of

Bark :River, Johnson, of Ironwood, Mal-

loy, of Lathrop, and many others are

breeders of pure—bred Guernseys and

a ready market is found here for all

surplus stock. The opportunities for

dairying are unexcelled as we have the

feed, the climate and a home market

for all and more than is now produced.



A Developing Sheep Industry.



The sheep industry has been neg-

lected until a few years ago, a start

was made by getting western ewes for

breeding and raising lambs here.

There are a few flocks of pure-bred

mutton sheep; Carroll of Trout Creek;

Belding, of Whitney, National Pole

Company, W'hitney; Hill, of Ozark;

McLean, of Gould City, and others.

Those that bought western ewes are

more than pleased with the results of

their investments. Among the most

successful are Mashek, Escanaba; Na.

tional Pole Company, of Escanaba, and

Brown, of Matchwood. This is truly a

good country to grow sheep. The sheep

men from the western states that have

looked this section over with a view

of locating sheep ranches pronounce





it the best they have ever seen but“





say they do not want to pioneer the

proposition as where they are most

everyone is in the sheep business and

there is always a good market for wool

and sheep, with no end of buyers. The

industry has started and it has proven

very profitable to the ones that started

it. I predict that within five years

there will be many thousand good

sheep in Cloverland. We have a good

market for the heavy draft horse, and

nowhere can better draft horses be

grown, as proven by the good horses

and colts seen in Chippewa and other

counties.



In conclusion I will say that the pos‘

sibilities of live stock growing in the

Upper Peninsula are among the best

in every way. Forage, pasture, water,

cheap land, climate and all else that

pertains to stock growing are here.



W. F. RAVEN,

Extension Specialist.





FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.





 





A Ration for Growing Pigs.



I would like to ask what would be

the best feed for growing pigs? I have

no skim- milk to feed them. I can get

plenty of wheat middlings—average

price $1. 60 per cwt. I have about

three-fourths of an acre to put in rape.

Would it be advisable to feed ground

oats, oil meal or tankage with the mid-

dlings and if so, what proportion?



Oceana Co. SUBSCRIBER.





While it is impossible to get as large

or as economical gains in growing

young pigs on a ration of grain alone

as where a supplementary feed of

skim-milk is available, yet with intel-

ligentcare and feeding very fair re-

sults can be secured. Where pigs are

to be grown without skim-milk, it is

very important to feed them liberally

through their dams, in order that they

may get a good start before weaning,

which should be longer delayed than

where milk .is available as. a supple-

mentary feed.



For very young pigs, middlings

should be made the basis of the grain

ration, as middlings is a. well-balanced





 





teed for 0133,3193“ 9‘“ will 8180





; very young, the out hulls contain too





much fibre to make them readily diges-

tible where oats is- made a' large fac-

tor in the ration. Tankage is at all

times a valuable supplementary feed

for pigs where corn or other carbona-

ceous grain is fed. A little oil meal





would prove beneficial by Way of ad-V





ding variety to the ration, although

only a small quantity could be used to

advantage in pig feeding. Some molas-

ses will add to the palatability of the

ration and will promote betterdiges-

tion and assimilation of the feeds giv-

en where it is mixed in small amounts

with the slop feeds. The rape pasture

will prove very beneficial in promoting

the rapid growth of the young pigs,

and with corn in addition to the feeds

suggested, very good gains could be

expected.



At the Iowa station where extensive

experiments were conducted last year

to determine the best methods of feed-

ing hogs, pigs weighing 42 pounds at

the beginning of the feeding period

where feed on self-feeder under the

free-choice system up to 155 pounds in

weight consumed an average daily ra‘

tion for the period of 3.4 pounds of

corn, 1.61 pounds of wheat middlings

and 0.62 pounds of tankage. These pigs

required for each 100 pounds of gain

299.9 pounds of corn, 53.5 pounds of

wheat middlings and 54.6 pounds of

tankage, making the cost of 100 pounds

of gain $5.90 with shelled corn at 70

cents per bushel, wheat middlings at

$1.45 per cwt., and 60 per cent protein

tankage $2.50 per cwt.. These pigs

were fed in a dry lot, and would have

made more economical gains as well

as more rapid gains on good pasture.

The average daily gain was 1.13 pounds

per pig.



The experiments above referred to

seem to have demonstrated conclusive-

ly that it pays to feed a liberal grain

ration to pigs 011 pasture, since they

not only make larger but, as well, more

economical gains, and at the same

time consume more pasture because of

their more rapid growth, consequently

greater capacity for coarse feeds.



Feeding Value of Cat Hay.





Can you tell me the feeding value of

oats cut green? How does it compare

with timothy or clover hay for cattle

or horses? In what stage ought it to

be cut and how is the best way to

handle it, like hay or cut with a binder

in bundles and cured that way?



Shiawassee Co. C. G.





Oat hay contains 88 per cent of dry

matter, 4.5 per cent of digestible pro-

tein, 38.1 per cent of carbohydrates

and 1.7 per cent of fat, giving it a nu-

tritive ratio of 1:9.3.



This hay would have a somewhat

greater feeding value than timothy

hay cut under favorable conditions,

from the standpoint of chemical analy-

sis, having a larger protein content

and a narrower nutritive ratio. Clover

hay on the other hand, has a higher

protein content and a considerably

narrower nutritive ratio, and is con-

sequently a more valuable forage for

any kind of live stock than oat hay.

Oat hay should be cut when the plants

have .. attained nearly maximum size

after the blossoming period, and be-

fore the berry of the grain has com-

menced to form,



Spring Sown Forage Crops for Calves.



Can you tell me what I can sow that

will make good pasture for this spring

calves, on clay soil?



Kent Co. C. S.



A combination of oats, peas and rape

would make as good calf pasture as

anything which could be sown at this

season of the year, using about one

bushel each of oats and peas and five

pounds of rape seed per acre. Where

sown a little later in the season, oats,

millet and rape will give good results.





FEEDING YOUNG PIGS.





 





It pays to feed the young pig as

much as possible, both through the

mother and later directly from the

trough. 'Never, again will he make

such rapid and .‘cheap gains and in





 





   





milkoproducing teed she- twill eat.

When the pigs are about a month’ old

they will begin to need something in

addition to the mother’s milk, even

though she is well fed.



As soon as the pigs will eat they

should haVe skim-milk in _ a shallow

pan. Then a slop made of milk,t'some

shorts, - a little bran, and some oil

meal or tankage. If this is fed with

corn and the pigs aregiven plentyot‘

exercise there. should beno trouble

from either thumps or scours. Mix

by weight rather than measure four

parts of corn, four parts of shorts, one

part of bran, and one part of, tankage.

The little pigs should.,a.lways be, fed

in a creep of some kind, that is, in. a

small pen into which they come

through and shuts out the sows‘and

older pigs that would otherwise rob

them. As the pigs become older,~the

amount of corn in the ration may be

gradually increased until it has been

doubled.





Mo. Ag. College. L. A. WEAVER.





THE MULE-FOOT IN MICHIGAN.





 





There have been a few scattering

breeders of Mule-Foot hogs in Michi-

gan since this breed, came into promi-

nence by the organization of a national

association a few years ago. Not until

recently, however, have Michigan pa-

trons of this breed gotten together in

an organization of their own. Such an

organization was effected at a meet-

ing held in Jackson this spring, called

by Mr. Ralph Emery, a prominent and

well- known banker and business man

of south central Michigan, who is also





an enthusiastic farmer. The object cf





the association is the advancement cf

the breed in Michigan by every legiti-

mate means at the command of the

organization. The new association will

be represented at the future sessions

of the general live stock meeting

which is held at the Agricultural Col~

lege each winter.



The officers of the association are

as follows. President, E. LeRoy Pel«

letier, of Orchard Lake, who has bred

Mule-Foots for about five years and

has one of the largest herds in the

state; secretary and treasurer, S. L.

Pierce, of Kalamazoo, to whom appli-

cations for membership from Mule-

Foot breeders desiring to affiliate with

the organization should be addressed.

By way of giving publicity to the breed

the association plans to get out a fold—

er giving the history of the breed and

information pertaining thereto, Which

folders can be secured from the secre-

tary or any member of the association,



Mr. Emery who took the initiative in

effecting the organization expressed

deep regret that this breed of hogs is

suffering from the action of its patrons

in the organization of and adherence

to two separate national associations,

each of which claims to be the “only

one,” a situation which has hindered





the development and distribution of,





many other breeds of improved live

stock. The newly formed association

will use its influence to bring about a

consolidation of these two national or-

ganizations. '



Regarding the claim often made that

individuals of the Mule-Foot breed are

immune to cholera, it was the consen-

sus of poinion among the breeders who

effected this organization that this

broad claim should not be. made, as





evidence is lacking to prove absolutely





that all individuals of the breed are





immune. It was thought that the idea.





that Mule-Fonts are immune to chol-

era emanated from the fact that hogs

of this breed have proved extremely

resistant to cholera as well as other





forms of disease. The patrons of all

improved breeds will welcome this

new organization which will add to the“

fame of Michigan as a state in which"





pure-bred live stock of. quality can, be

secured in gummy. hr mpective WT;

chaser-s from all sections. of





the so mom be givian unite good
MERCIFUL man is merciful to

A his beast,” is an oracle quoted



by ancient religionists as being

a binding command that should be

heeded, for they declared that it was

a message from the gods. If the pa-

gans of old had a love and reverence

for the most intelligent and faithful

servants of man, the more should





, not we, as more enlightened and ap-_





preciative beings, entertain a high re-

gard for the animals to which we owe

much for his services and assistance

in accomplishing much which has tend-

ed to advance us in civilization and

making present opportunities for en-

joyment possible, we should preserve

an attitude of mercy and kindly feel-

ings toward our horses which will in-

sure for them the kind care and con-

siderate treatment to which they are

justly entitled. ,



Notwithstanding all that has been

and will be accomplished by the in-

ventors of horseless carriages and

horseless plows, the horse is still with

us as a factor with which, and for

which, we must reckon for some time

to come. The rapid movements of the

steam boats and steam cars are a

great help in commercial affairs, but

they do not eliminate the necessity for

horses. Those improved methods of

transportation made it possible, and

desirable, to develop a better class of

farm horses, and we have reasons to

believe that the more modern inven-

tions will lead to a still farther im-

provement of the farm horses.



Conditions vary so much in rural

communities that I apprehend that for

several reasons the horse will, for all

time, be a companion and servant of

man. His faithfulness demands great

consideration and kind treatment.



Common Errors in Treatment.



It is in the spring and summer that

the farm horses meet cOnditions and

treatment which brings to them mis-

ery and to their owners difficulties and

losses in value. After a long winter’s

rest the horses are generally crowded

too heavily at first with hard work.

They are full of life, and because they

are willing, they are too often allowed

to do too much in the first few days,

and consequently become jaded and

almost lifeless, a condition which lasts

all summer. A



From an economical point of view

it is bad practice to crowd the horses

when first beginning the spring work.

This is especially true when beginning

to work on plowed ground. Few seem

to realize that it worries, especially

heavy horses, to travel on recently

plowed and uneven ground. I have

sometimes thought that the mental

worry caused by the uncertain foot-'

hold was similar to that with men, and

had much to do with exhausting the

strength and ambition of the horses.

An occasional rest will break the wor-

ry in a great degree, and prevent a

good deal of sweating and chafing un-

der some parts of the harness. i



It is a mistake to not look well to

the places where the harness rubs,

both at noon time and night. It is a

good plan to keep a sponge at hand





and wash those spots with clean water year, killers are wanting fewer heavy

and let them dry before the harness is steers averaging around 1,600 to 1,650





l‘ The Farm Horse





much of the damaged hay at a meal.

Better feed sparingly of the poor hay





engorged with bulky feed can breath





is possible if the heavily loaded stom-

ach is crowding on the lungs.





were raised in 1915 that are not musty.

Such grain is not good feed for horses.

It is better to grind such oats with

other grains and feed the mixture. An

excellent combination of feeds is Corn

and oats ground together, equal parts,

and mixed with half the bulk of wheat

bran.

feed, allowing the stomach juices to

penetrate the mass, and digestion is

more easily and completely

plished than would be possible if the

other feed were given alone. The bran

also adds much to the nutritive ele-

ments in the feed.

do the best that can possibly be done





conditions."





 





the horses a good rubbing at night,

after they have cooled off, does them

good and helps to rest them. Then a

thorough brushing in the morning, us-

ing the currycomb only when abso-

lutely needed, will put the horses in a

good condition, as far as the surface

of" their body is concerned. Grooming

encourages better circulation of the

blood at the surface, and as it pro-

motes the secretion of oil there, great-

ly improves the appearance of the

horses. '

Feeding the Horses.

I have repeatedly said that feeding

live stock of any kind is a fine art.

For several reasons more attention

should be paid to the feeds, and the

best methods of feeding horses, than

any other kind of stock. Moldy and

damaged hay thatwill not injure oth-

er stock will poison and kill horses.

Dusty and dirty hay injures the breath-

ing apparatus of horses, but does not

injure cattle or sheep. Abrupt changes

in feed for horses will impair diges-

tion and often produCe colic and deat

but do not endanger the other stoc

to such an extent. Horses appreciate

regularity in feeding more than the

other stock, and yet, all kinds of stock

do better if regularly fed. As the

horse has but a single stomach he has

nothing to draw from when it is emp-

ty. Feed regularly.

On account of the continuous rainy

weather at haying and harvest time

last year, there is a good deal of dam-

aged hay and oats. I have seen horses

fed damaged hay that I would hesitate

to feed to sheep or cattle. Under pres-

ent conditions the best hay should be

selected for the horses. To a pail of





 





 





AYING weather-is not always perfect, you

know. It takes a season when the fields

and meadows are in the worst shape for cutting to

bring out the dependable qualities of International

Harvester mowers. When the stand is heavy, lodged,

and tangled, or, when it is exceptionally light and you

need all the hay you can cut from it—those are the

times when a farmer appreciates the ability of his mower to

stand up under heavy work, or to cut so closely that scarcely a

blade is wasted.



After the mowing, the raking. That, too, can be wasteful, but

it won’t be the fault of the rake if it’s an International Harvester

rake, bearing any one of the famous l H C trade names.



Choose your mowers and rakes from the l H C line. Do away

with any chance for trouble. You can always et repairs

promptly any day you happen to need them. See a ocal dealer

who handles the Champion, Deer-ing, McCormick, Milwaukee,



Osborne or Plano machines, and buy your mower and rake

from him. -





   





 





international Harvester Company of America

lncor rated)

CHICAGO ( W





Champion During McCormick Milwaukee Osborne





 





 





water add two single handfuls of burnt

lime and one handful of salt. Sprinkle

the hay with the limed water, shake

up the hay well, and much of the dan-

ger from feeding dry, dusty hay will

be avoided.



Some horses are inclined to eat too





and depend more on the grain feeds

for nourishment. A horse that is not





better and can do better service than





I find it is difficult tofind oats that





HAS BEEN CONTINUOUSLY MAKING





WACONS—BUGGIES—HARNFSS '~





FOR EVERY FARM USE SINCE 1852





 

 





SEE THE STUDEBAKER DEALER





 





The bran helps to bulk up the





accom-





It will pay well to

n feeding the horses under present

Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





As is usual about this time of the





 





Ress Silo Fillers





The Ross is not. an ordinary fodder cutter but a. special made Silo Filler. Exclusive features includ-

_ . _ ,_ ing Steel Cutting Apparatus and Ste)





-—A~— SPREADERS





r u 250- wefreec tal t H ,

x wgsyuleee'll direct to :seztet‘iwho 3-“





Produce the Best Ensilah?

Guaranteed for Life of Machine





 





4. Blower. The Ross Nos. 18-20-24 are for

the Tlireshermen who make a. business





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





; of filling silos, also for silo userswho





 





want. a partnership Silo Filler.





Buy Early and Save Money \

Ifyouintend tobuy this year. write quick

for special proposition. Delay means

. advance in price.

THE E. w. R .

- BOX114 SPRIgéFSIEIgD.OHIO .,





inrnoosmnsu.

EXTENSION-ROOF





Make your silo 100%

efficient. A full silo .,

after silage is settled. .

Letusshow you how to ’ ‘ “





Turn Waste Space Into Doll





How to get more money out of

our oilo. Customers} say





 





 

   

   





 

   





 





 





   

 





 

 

 

 





SEP RA





these and le-





 

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

 





lbs., showing a decided preference for

fat steers that tip the scales at from

1,350 to 1,500 lbs. This should cause

owners to lose no time in getting their





put on again. Those sweaty spots

catch and hold small particles of dust,

and when the harness presses on them





 





‘Hoosier Roof ought to be

on every Silo.” Write

: nearest office today for

: full particulars. ,

Sheet Metal Spoclnlty Co.





 

 

 





 

 

 





 





 





 





heavy cattle on the market, as further





 





205 NJ. 8h. Goohon. lmi.





 





the dust cuts the skin, making sore d 1_ e _ 'c e l'kl to take

, eCinsm pries ar iey



places. Some xery' excellent horses place at any time. As warm weather



have been badly damaged by neglect- draws nearer, prime long yearlings are





 

 

 





205 Savings Bank Bldg" 1‘

Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





ing to keep the dust out of the hair in meeting with a much better demand,

places where the harness rubs, and and prices are headed unmistakably in



. , . an upward direction, but killers are

makf”? a sore. Some horses are so not disposed to buy immature yearling

sens1tive that a sore back or neck





steers except at low prices.

will make them ugly. If, when the ———————-———-

sores are first started, a wash of equal

parts of tincture of myrrh and soft

water is used twice or three times a

day, the trouble can be avoided.

Grooming horses is not emphasized

as. much as formerly. If more atten-

:ion were paid to grooming‘there would

be fewer jaded and galled horses than





News from the northwestern range

country is cheering, Cattle having

come through the unusually severe

winter in excellent shape, losses hav-

ing been small, thanks to the prevail-

ing practice of furnishing an abund-

ance of hay. This is in striking con-

trast to the former practice prevailing

prior to five years ago of letting the

cattle rustle on the range all through





i. M ' a ' u ,nnd mildew proofed$5 extra.





 





without tie ropes. size

about 3 1-2 is) 1-2 ft.





we in DAIRY FEED BAGS





us for prl and

bags page" as Burlap Bags





”EARN AUCTloNEERlNG at “W” 0"“‘n'1

. . and Greatest School



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Every branch of the business taught in 5 weeks.



Write today for free catalog.



JONES' NAT'L SCHOOL OF AUCTIONEERING;



28 N. Sacramento Blvd., Chicago. ll]. Carey M. Jones, Pm.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





Special 8 oz. duck com leto

with tie ropes $26 per 100. star





 





 





Send 50c for sample. Larger

sizes and stock and machine





B‘irdis Heave Remedy is :uiarmliteedk Wortswhilo



BAIRD M FG. CO., Box 627, Pureefilfdll‘lafoflorspartidiitfers.

W ' if



OULL BEANS FOR FEED. “.5“: 0.333 132:.





YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED C0, Owosoo. Mich.





 

 





' covers at low prices.

Malt rs of Fame K

25 per 100 ° Cow 3:31.63 °°"" °”

Fond du liqumln: 8; Tent Co.

Dept. 60 Fond du Lac, Wis.





 





   

   

 





When writing to advertisers,

please mention the Michi— -





   





We buy them whether they are torn or food. Write

Shipping Tags. 1 e buy Cotton





 





N BAG a BURLAP co.:





 





 





:here are at the present time. Giving the winter period.





 





0 /

433-435-437 Burns Ave. Dayton. Ohio. gall Farmer-
Dealer: E rt'eryrwlzere





‘ Road Shocks Can’t Tear





EaJy to Getfrom Goodyear Stmvice Station





' These Treads Loose





Isn't it a fact that you rarely hear of

loose treads on a Goodyear Tire?





That is largely due to the unique

Goodyear method of joining the

tread to the carcass of the tire.





Every turn of a tire in action subjects

the tread to the attack of mighty

forces which seek to tear it away

and destroy it.



lt is pulled this way and that, by the

driving effort.



It is rubbed and scraped when you

put the brakes on suddenly and

hard—as often you must.



It would cry out in protest, if it could,

every time your car rounds a comer.





The tread cannot absorb these tremen-

dous strains. lt passes them on to





the fabric.





And unless the treadhis a perfect unit

with the carcass of the tire, tread





separation soon comes and the tire is

done for.





The Goodyear breaker strip .is made





from a specially woven, porous fabric.





When the vulcanizing process is under

way, the rubber of the tread crowds

through the little spaces in the fabric

and unites with the rubber in the





carcass.





The rubber, forced through these holes

under the tremendous air pressure

of the exclusive Goodyear On-Air

Cure, forms into many tough rivets.

and these rivets literally clinch or

weld the tread to the carcass.





And what is the net result of these

seemingly insignificant Goodyear

features? ,



. Why, simply this—that loose treads on

Goodyear Tires are practically





unknown . ‘ '





- In almost every instance the tread on





GoodyearTires will wear down to the

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In: Goodyear Tire & Rubber to.





,;‘t





f4 - :3?
LITERATURE

poernr

msromr ma

INFORMATION





 





 





 





E





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





‘I7re FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





Eris Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





Organized Agriculture in Wales and Scotland





By WILLIAM B. HATCH





N Wales, under the co-operative

movement there have been organ-

ized societies for develOpment



work. They conduct experiments un-

der intelligent direction to ascertain

whether certain crops are suited to the

soil and climate of certain sections and

can be grown so as to make them com-

mercially profitable. These societies

collect and compile data on local agri-

culture, and prepare reports to be pre-





SillIll”HIHHIIIIHIHHIIIHIIHIIIIHIHHillHIHHIHHIIHHHHIHHHIlIllli'ilfiifI}fIlHHHIHIHIHHIHIHIllllIHHHHHHHIHIHHHHIEHHIHIIHHIIHIHHIIIHHHHHHIllHIHlHHiHHlllHlHliHHiiHIHHIEHHIHIIH[ililiHHilHIlIIHHIHIIHHHiHiIllNilHillHIHHHIIHHHIHHIHIHHIIt'llNIHtilHHHJIHHHistNIHIHHllllHHIIlllllllllllllilllllHIIHIHIIIIHHHIIIIHHHHiIEJiiJt‘





served as permanent records of the

industry in which they are engaged.

Each individual farmer willing to

set apart a portion of his land for car-

rying out experiments under the direc-

tion-of the Agricultural Organization

Society, is admitted as a member on

his taking up a nominal share holding.

The society provides materials for the





experiment and finds a market for the

crop. State funds are provided during

the experimental stages to finance the

operation. After the experiments have

been conducted for a sufficiently long

time to test their commercial possibil-

ities, the society will be wound up and

a new society organized on co-opera-

tive lines, which will, if sufficient sup‘





port is forthcoming, take over the

plant, etc., of the Development Society

and run the society as a purely trad-

ing concern. The, state-aid money is

spent in'the purchase of seed, hiring

of land, and the payment of labor,

without regard to the crops. The farm-

er is paid a rental for the land. He

would be guaranteed the ordinary

farming profit and from ten to twenty-

‘Continued on page 666).





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WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





Augustus Birrell, Chief Secretary for

Ireland in British Parliament.





 





 





 





n‘dits who Took Part in Columbus Raid are Held

. _ ' ~. . . ‘ . \ copyright by Underwood. a Unawooq N. I. '-





 

 





Priseneré.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Baking Bread in Field Oven for the

Troops in Mexico.





 





Schoolboys of San Francisco get Training





 

 

 





Duties
The man holding the bridle of the

horse on which Bonita had been bound

was the big-bodied, bullet-headed guer-

‘llla who had found the basket of wine

in the spring at camp. Redder of face,

blacker of beard, coarser cf aspect,

evidently under the influence of liquor,

he was as fierce-looking as a gorilla,

and as repulsive. -



Three other men were present, all

mounted on weary hOI ses. The one in

the foreground—gaunt, sharp- -,featured

iéd- eyed, with a pointed bea1d—she

lecognized as the sheriff of El Cajon.



Madeline hesitated, then stepped in

the middle of the porch. Albert, Flor-

ence, and several others followed her

out; the rest of the cowboys and

guests crowded the windows and doors.

Stillwell saw Madeline, and, throwing

up his hands, roared to be heard. This

quieted the gesticulating, quarreling

gnen.



2‘ “Wal now, Pat Hawe, what's drivin’

you like a locoed stee1 on the ram-

page?” demanded Stillwell.



‘Keep in the tlaces, Bill," replied

Hawe. “You savvy what I come fer.

I've been bidin’ my time, but I’m

ready now. I’m hyar to arrest a crim-

inal.” - '

The huge frame of the old cattleman

jerked as if he had been stabbed. His

face turned purple.



"What criminal?" he shouted.



The sheriff flicked his quirt against

his dirty boot and twisted his thin lips

into a leer.



"Why, Bill, I knowed you bed a no-

good outfit ridin‘ this range, but I

wasn’t wise thet you lied more than

one criminal.”



“Cut that talk! 'Which cowboy are

you wantin’ to arrest?"



Hawe's manner altered.



“Gene Stewart," he replied curtly.



“On what charge?"



“Fer killin’ a greaser one night last

fall. ”



“So you re still harpin' on that? Pat,

you‘ re on the wrong t1ail.You can't

lay that killin' onto Stewart; but if

you insist on bringin' him to court, let

the arrest go today—we‘re havin’ some

fiesta hyar—an’ I'll fetch him into El

Cajon.”



“Nope! I reckon I‘ll take him when

I got the chance, before he slopes."



“I’m givin’ you my word,” thundered

Stillwell.



“I reckon I don’t hev to take your

word, Bill, or anybody else‘s."



Stillwell’s great bulk quivered with

his rage, yet he made a successful ef-

l‘ort to control it.



“See hyar, Pat Hawe, I know what’s

reasonable. Law's law; but in this

country there always has been, an' is

now, a safe an’ sane way to proceed

.with the law. Pat, you‘re not overlik—

ed in these parts; but you‘re the sher-

iff, an’ I’m respectin your office. I’m





21221222lllillillllllllliliiillllllllllllifllfllll21112221222111111221121:. ;..;1.. '21.122lllllllIlllillillliililliflmlllll





Just F fiends





Light of Western Stars





By ZANE GREY





 





 





respectin’ it this much—if the milk of

human decency is so soured in your

breast that you can’t'hev a kind feel-

in’, then try to avoid the unpleasant-

1’1ess that’ll result from any contrary

move on your part today. Do you get

that hunch?"



“Stillwell, you’re threatenin’ an offi-

cer,” replied Hawe angrily.



"Will you hit the trail quick out of

hyar?” queried Stillwell in a strained

voice. “I guarantee Stewart’s appear-

ance in El Cajon any day you say.”



“No! I come to arrest him, an’ I’m

goin’ to.”



“So that's your game!” shouted Still-

well. "We-all are glad to get you

straight, Pat. Now, listen, you cheap,

red-eyed coyote of a sheriff! I reckon

there’s been some dozen or more kill-

in’s in the last year. Why don’t you

take to trailin' some of the others?

I’ll tell you why. You want to hound

Gene Stewart an’ put him where he's

never been yet—in jail. You want to

spite his friends. Wal, go ahaid an’

try to arrest him!"



Stillwell took one mighty stride off

the porch. His last words had been

cold. His rage appeared to have been

transferred to Hawe. The sheriff had

begun to stutter and shake a lanky red

hand at the cattleman when Stewart

stepped out.



“Here, you fellows, give me a chance

to say aword!”



As Stewart appeared the Mexican

girl suddenly'seemed vitalized out of

her stupor. She strained at her bonds,

as if to lift her hands beseechingly. A

flush animated her haggard face and

her dark eyes lighted.



“Senor Gene!" she moaned. “Help

me! I so seek. They beat me, rope

me, mos’ keel me. Oh, help me, Senor

Gene!"



“Shut up, er I'll gag you!” said the

man who held Bonita’s horse.



“Muzzle her, Sneed, if she blabs

again!” called Hawe.



Madeline sensed something tense

and strained working in the short

silence. Was it onlyaphase of her ex-

traordinary thrilling excitement? Her

swift glance showed the faces of Nels

and Monty and Nick to be brooding,

cold, watchful. She wondered why

Stewart did not look toward Bonita.

He, too, was now dark-faced, cool,

quiet, with something ominous about

him.



“Hawe, I‘ll submit to arrest without

any fuss," he said slowly, “if you'll

take the ropes off that girl."



“Nope!" replied the sheriff. “She

got away from me wunst. She’s hawg.

tied now, an‘ she'll stay hawg-tied!"



Madeline thought she saw Stewart

give a slight start; but an unaccount-

able dimness came over her eyes, at

brief intervals obscuring her keen

sight. Vaguely she was conscious of

a clogged and beating tumult in her

breast.



“All right, let‘s hurry out of here,”

said Stewart. “You've made annoy-

ance enough, Hawe. Ride down to the

corral with me. I’ll get my horse and





go along with you."





“Hold on!” yelled Hawe, as Stewart

turned away. “Not so fast! VVho’s

doin’ this? You don't come no El Cap-

itan stunts on me. You’ll ride one of





my pack-horses, an' you’ll go in irons!”





“You want to handcuff me?" queried





Stewart with a sudden start of passion.





“Want to? Haw, haw! Nope, Stew«

art, thet’s jest my way with hoss-





thieves, raiders, greasers, murderers,

. an’ sich. See hyar, you Sneed, git off

an’ put the irons on this man!”



The guerilla called Sneed slid off his

horse and began to fumble in his sad-

dlebags.



“You see, Bill,” went on Hawe, “I

swore in a new depooty for this par.

ticular job. Sneed is some handy. He

rounded up thet little Mexican cat

dot me."





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 

 





‘ semen 1111111 111111





ploring amaze.



“Gene, you ain't goin’ to stand fer

them handcuffs?” he pleaded. .



“Yes," replied the cowboy, “Bill,

old friend, I'm an outsider here. There

is no call for Miss Hammond and—,—

and her brother and Florence to be

worried further about me. Their hap-

py day has already been spoiled on my

account. I want to get out—quick!”



“Wal, you might be too durned con-

siderate of Miss Hammond’s sensitive

feelin’s.” There was now no trace of

the courteous, kindly old rancher. He

looked harderthan stone. .“How about





my feelin’s? I want to know if you’re-





goin’ to let this sneakin’ coyote put-

you in irons an’ hawg-tie you an’ drive

you off to jail?"



“Yes,” replied Stewart steadily.



“You, Gene Stewart! What‘s come

over you? Why, man, go in the house,

an' I‘ll ’tend to this feller. Then to-

morrow you can ride in an’ give your-

self up like a gentleman.”



"No—I’ll go. Thanks, Bill, for the

way you and the boys would stick to





me. Hurry, Hawe, before my mind—a





changes!”



Stewart’s voice broke at the last

word, betraying the wonderful control

he had kept over his passion.

ceased speaking he seemed suddenly

to become spiritless and dropped his

head.



Madeline saw in him then a semb-

lance to the hopeless, shamed Stewart

of earlier days. The vague riot in her

breast leaped into conscious fury—a

woman’s passionate repudiation of

Stewart's broken spirit.



Once she had entreated him to be-

come her kind of a cowboy—a man in

whom reason tempered passion. She

had let him see how painful and shock-

ing any violence was to her. And the





idea had obsessed him, had grown like





a softening lichen upon his will, had

shorn him of the wild, bold spirit

which she now strangely looked to see

him feel.



When the man Sneed came forward

jingling the iron fetters Madeline‘s

blood turned to fire. She would have

forgiven Stewart then for lapsing into

the kind of cowboy it had been her

blind and sickly sentiment to abhor.

This was a man's v1'est—'—a man‘s game!

What right had a woman reared in a

softer mold to use her beauty and her

influence to change a man who was

bold and free and strong?



But Stewart held forth his hands to

be manacled. Then Madeline heard

her ,own voice burst out in a ringing,

imperious command.



“Waiti”



As she stepped to the porch, facing

the men, she not only felt anger and

pride summoning their forces to her

command, but there was something

else calling—a deep, passionate, mys-

terious thing not born of the moment.



Sneed dropped the manacles, Stew-

art’s face took on a chalky whiteness.

Hawe, in a slow, stupid embarrassment

beyond his control, removed his som-

brero in a respect that seemed wrench-

ed from him.



“Mr. Hawe, I can prove to you that

Stewart was not concerned in any way

whatever with the crime for which you

want to arrest him.”



The sheriff’s stare underwent a

blinking change. He coughed, stam-

mered and tried to speak. Manifestly





'he had been thrown completely off his





balance. Astonishment slowly merged

into discomflture.



“It was absolutely impossible for

Stewart to have been connect d with

that assault," Madeline went oft swift-

ly. "He was with me in the Waiting-

room of the station at the moment

when it happened outside. I assure

you I have a distinct: and vivid recol-

lection. The door was open. I heard

the voices of quarreling men speaking





in Spanish; Evidently they had left.





the dance-hall opposite and were can»





ing toward the station. I heard a wom-





an ’3 voice mingling with the others.





Melina





 

 





was gazing at stewar'tim a kind- of! 1m 1.





As he





——I could see from his face that some:

thing dreadful was about to happen.





Then, just outside the door, there we're ‘





hoarse, furious voices, a suffle, a’muf-





fledshot, a woman's cry, the thud of '_

a falling body, and the quick footsteps ’





of a man running away. Next, the girl

Bonita staggered into the door. She

was white, trembling, : terror-stricken.

She recognized Stewart, appealed to

him. Stewart supported her and en-

deavored to calm her.

Danny Mains had been shot, or if he

had done the shooting. The girl said

no. She told Stewart that she had

danced a little, flirted a little with

vaqueros, and they had quarreled over

her. Then Stewart took her outside

and put her upon his horse. I saw the





girl ride down the street and disappear





in the darkness.”



As Madeline spoke another change

appeared to be working in the man

Hawe. His discomfiture wore to a sul-

len fury and his sharp features fixed

in an expresSion of craft.



“Thet's mighty interestin’, Miss

Hammond, ’most interestin’ as a story«

book,” he said. “Now, since you're so

obligin ’a witness, l‘d sure like to put

a question or two. \Vhat time did you

arrive at El Cajon thet night?"



“It was after eleven o‘clock,”

Madeline. "



“Nobody there to meet you?”



“No."



“The station agent an‘

both gone?"



1’ “Yes."



“Wal, how soon did this teller Stew~

art show up '5'“ Hawe continued with a

wry smile.



“Very soon after my arrival. Per-

haps fifteen minutes, possible a little

more."



“Some dark an‘ lonesome

thet station, wasn't it?"



“Indeed, yes."



“An’ what time was the greaser

shot?" queried Hawe, his little eyes

gleaming like coals.



“Probably close to half past one. It

was two o’clock when I looked at my

watch at Florence Kingsley's house.

Directly after Stewart sent Bonita

away he took me to Miss Kingsley’s.

So, allowing for the walk and a few

minutes’ conversation with her, I can

pretty definitely say the shooting took

place at about half past one.”



Stillwell heaved his big frame 'a step

closer to the sheriff.



“What’re you drivin‘ at?" he roared

his face black again.



“Evidence!” snapped Hawe.



Madeline marveled at this interrup-

tion. As Stewart irresistibly drew her

glance she saw him gray-faced as ash-

es, shaking, utterly unnerved.



“I thank you, Miss Hammond," he

said huskily, “but you needn’t answer

any more of Hawe's questions. He's

—-he’s—it‘s not necessary. I’ll go with

him now, under arrest. Bonita will

corroborate your testimony in court,



(Continued on page 664.





111111111111111111111111111111111111111111. 11111.1 11.11111.1111111111111111 111'11...1111:1111~1111111111111

Gettin Acquainted





re plied





operator





around





 





 





 





PS .

I knew Stewart. heard them





He asked her if
By H.’ A. BINGHAM





MONG civilized people, those are

the most cheerful and happy

who ,have acquired by habit and



education the power of deriving pleas-

ure’from the objects that lie immedi-

ately around them.



The most delightful influences of

nature come from sights or sounds

that appeal to a poetic sentiment

through impressions made upon the

eye and ear. The music of birds

though delightful to all, conveys active

and durable pleasure only to those who

have learned to associate their notes

in connection with the scenes of

nature.





Next to woods, flowers, green trees j





and pleasant prospects, the presence

of birds as companions of a home in

the country is desirable to all. Nature

owes more to the lively motions, songs,

and chattering of the feathered race

as a natural accompaniment of scen-

ery, than to any other. But civiliza-

tion is driving them away and in spite





of laws wemay soon be in a birdless'





world.

If we would let the birds have their





own way they would soon fall into civ- .





ilized if not domesticated habits, for

they have no hostile feelings toward

us, and have ever sued for peace in

the long, bitter war of extermination,

and in spite of all they know of us

they choose our proximity over the

wilderness, and the longer we live to-

gether the less they fear and sus-

pect us.



' Experience has-taught us that the

principal value of birds does not con-

sist alone in their power of conferring

pleasure by their songs, for some years





before people knew the real value of _





birds they tried to exterminate certain

species that they thought were destroy-

ing. the forests, and as a result of this

forests over hundreds of acres were

destroyed by the larva which had been

the favorite food of the birds they

were killing. If they had tried to pro-

tect this species of bird the forest

would have been saved. The wood-

pecker is especially indispensable as

a means of protecting the forest trees.

Birds also protect the fruit orchards,

grains and flowers from insects.



The several different kinds of birds

are distinguished by their habits of

foraging. Some birds that take their

food chiefly from the surface of the

ground, forage in a different manner

from those that collect it from under

the surface. Some birds, such as the





swallows, catch all their food while on -





wing and take only winged insects.

Although two or more kinds of birds

consume the same kinds of food they

have different modes of obtaining

them.



Woodpeckers reside chiefly in the

forests where the food of their choice

is nearly as abundant in winter as in

summer; therefore, they do not mi-

grate in winter and as their food is not

everywhere abundant, like that of the

granivorous birds, woodpeckers never

forage in flocks. Wrens and chicka-

dees seek their food while creeping

about the branches but do not stop to

examine the buds and blossoms, as

does the humming bird. The humming

bird gets its food from the blossoms

of trees and from the garden flowers,

especially the columbine.



Birds do not have to struggle as hard

for existence in the summer as they

do in winter, for in winter the supply

of food is very short, sometimes limit-

ed to only a few weed seeds. But

where do the birds have their winter

beds? They do not sleep in the nests

they built in summer, neither do they

build themselves winter homes. They

sleep. ‘upon their feet in the grass, in

hollow trees or in the branches, but

this bed is nothing more than a roost





which they must find new each night. '





The sparrow, the snowbird and the

chickadee sleep in thick evergreens.

3T ow lark always,_roosts upon





 





' 'V‘U‘tility’ 'ofiBirds  





TH EM CHIGAN





 





 





 





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Consistency





HEN you invest sev-



eral hundred dollars in



a motor car, you should

feel assured on one important

point. And that is whether or

not you can expect consistency

in performance.





Any car can run a hundred

miles or so without trouble.

Any car can go that far with-

out readjustment of its mech-

anism. Almost any car can go





short distances under favorable 4





conditions and make a satis-

factory showing on gasoline and

oil consumption.





But you want to know that

your car can be relied upon

day in and day out. You want

high mileage per gallon of gaso-

line and per set of tires. You

want freedom from repairs; and

you want all of these things, not

occasionally, but continuously

-—day after day; season after

season.





While there may be other

cars of higher price that will

serve you faithfully and’ cen-

sistently, you know that the

Maxwell will. You have the

proof—the verified facts and

figures. And these facts are

worth more to you than any-





' one’s claims or promises.





When the Maxwell became

the World’s Champion Endur-

ance Car by traveling continu-

ously for 44 days and nights

(covering 22,023 miles) it aver—

aged almost 22 miles to every

gallon of gasoline. It went the

whole distance without repairs

of any kind and the tires showed

a record of more than 9,000

miles each.





This great distance is prob-

ably farther than you would

drive in two or three years.

And it is a guide to what you

could expect from the Maxwell

in the way of economical and

consistent service.





The World’s Champion Endurance Car





 





 





 





Touring Car, completely equipped, including Electric Starter





and Lights, $655, 1". o. b. Detroit.





Four other body styles.





 





Write to Dept. 30for our catalog giving detailed specifications and our booklet





 

 

 





”JO. 0:"... 0' "MLMI C I: f),





“22,000 Miles Without Stopping.”





7’ IL... 0 Dimming. O CL-





 

 

 

 

 





 





   





     





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, and shrubbery and if the windis high

{, or it snows they squat close to the

i ground while the cold white flakes fall

' about them and while thus protected

, from the wind and enemies they have

a safe winter bed. Quails sleep on the

ground under cedar thickets and crows

L roost in pine trees with their heads

' under their wings. This, however, is a

dangerous bed for on very cold, stormy

nights they often freeze the eye that

is not covered. Wild geese and other

water birds find safe winter beds in

the marshes and in old salt holes.

Both from our regards for their util-

ity to agriculture and for their pleas~

, ant companionship with man, we have

many motives for protecting the birds.

A few laws have. been made for their

protection, but they are not always en-

forced. There are two principal ways

of preserving the birds: We may avoid

' destroying them and we may promote

the growth of certain trees, shrubs,

and plants that will furnish them shel-

ter and subsistence.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





LIGHT OF WESTERN STARS.





 





(Continued from page 662).

and that will save me from this man’s

spite.”



Madeline, looking at Stewart, see-

ing a humility which she at first took

for cowardice, suddenly divined that

it was not fear for himself that made

him dread further disclosures, but fear

for her—fear lest she might suffer

shame through him.



Pat Hawe cocked his head to one





\ side, like a vulture about to strike

with his beak, and cunningly eyed

Madeline.





“Considered as testimony, what you

have said is sure important an’ con-

clusive. But, I’m calculatin‘ thet the

court will want to hev explained why

you stayed from eleven thirty till one

thirty in thet waitin’—room alone with

Stewart! ”



Stewart gave a tigerish start. Still-

well‘s big hands tore at the neck of his

shirt, as if he was choking. Alfred

strode hotly forward, to be stopped by

the cold and silent Nels. Monty Price

emitted a sudden noise which was both

a hiss and a. roar.



1n the rush of her thought Madeline

could not interpret the meaning of

these things which seemed so strange

at the moment; but they were porten-

tous. Even as she was forming a re-

ply to Hawe‘s speech she felt a chill

creep over her



‘ Stew art detained me in the waiting-

room,” she said, clear -voiced as a bell.

“But we were not alone—all the time.”



For a moment the only sound follow-

ing her words was a gasp from Stew-

art. Hawe’s face became transformed

with a hideous amaze and joy.



“Detained?” he whispered, craning

his lean and corded neck. “How’s

thet?” ‘



“Stewart was drunk. He—"



“'ith a sudden passionate gesture of

despair Stewart appealed to her:



“011, Miss Hammond! Don‘t! Dont!”



Then he seemed to sink down, his

head lowered upon his breast in utter

shame. Stillwell’s great hand swept

to the bowed shoulder and he turned

to Madeline.



“Miss Majesty, I reckon you’d be

wise to tell all,” said the old cattle-

man gravely. “There ain‘t one of us

who could misunderstand any motive

or act of yours. Mebbe a stroke of

lightnin’ might cleal this murky air.

Whatever Gene Stewart did that on-

lucky niglitwyou tell it!”



Madeline’s dignity and self-posses-

sion had been disturbed by Stewart’s

11111101 tunity She broke into swift, dis«

connected speech:



“He came into the station—a .few

minutes after I got there. I asked——

to be shown to a hotel. He said there

wasn’t any that would accommodate



married women. He grasped my hand

'——looked for a wedding-ring. Then I

saw he was—was intoxicated. He told

me he would go for a hotel porter;

but he came back with a priest. Padre

We. , The poor priest was—terribly





 





 





frightened. So was I. ‘ , .



his gun at the padre’ 3 feet. He pushed shiftedh'om the anxious M



me into a bench .. Again he shot—right Stewart to see that Monty price had

before my face. Ij—«I nearly fainted; leaped off the porch. He crouched,

but I heard him cursing the padre— hunched down, with his hands below

heard the padre praying or chanting his hips, where the big guns swung.

—I didn’ know what. Stewart tried to From his distorted lips there again is-

make me say things in Spanish. All sued a sound that was combined roar

at once he asked my name. I told and bellow and Indian war-whoop,'and,

him. He jerked at my veil. I took it more than all, a horrible, warning cry.

off. Then he threw his gun down and He looked like a hunchback about to

pushed the padre out of the door. That leap on his foe like a malicious demon.

was just before the vaqueros came He was quivering, vibrating. His eyes,

with Bonita. Padre Marcos must have black and hot, were fastened with

seen them—must have heard them. piercing intentness upon Hawe and

After that Stewart grew quickly sober. Sneed. .



He was mortified—distressed—strick- “Git back, Bill, git back!” he roared.

en with shame. He told me he had “Git ’em back!”



been drinking at awedding—I remem- With one lunge Stillwell shoved

ber it was Ed Linton’s wedding. Then Stewart and Nick and the other cow-

he explained that the boys were 111- boys up on the porch. Then he crowd~

ways gambling, and he had wagered ed Madeline and Alfred and Florence

he would marry the first girl who to the wall and tried to force them

came to El Cajon. I happened to be further. Failing to get them through

the first one. He tried to force me to door and windows, he planted his wide

marry him. The rest—about the as- person between the women and dan-

sault on the vaquero—I have already ger. Madeline grasped his arm, held

told you.” on, and peered fearfully from behind



Madeline ended, out of breath, and his broad shoulder.

panting, with her hands pressed upon “You, Hawe! You, Sneed!” called

her heaving bosom. The revelation of Monty in that same wild voice. “Don’t

what she had so long kept secret made you move a finger or an eyelash!”

her throb and tremble and burn. She Madeline’s faculties nerved to keen,

thought of Alfred and his wrath; but thrilling divination. She grasped the

he stood motionless, as if dazed. Still- relation between Monty’s terrible cry

well’s attention was centered upon and the strange, hunched posture he

Stewart, who seemed utterly crushed. had assumed. Stillwell’s haste and



Hawe rolled his red eyes and threw silence, too, were pregnant of catas-

back his head. trophe.



“Ho! Ho! Ho! Say, Sneed, you “Nels, git in this!” yelled Monty,

didn’t miss any of it, did ye? Haw! and all the time he never shifted his

Haw! Best I ever heard in all my intent gaze as much as a hair’s breadth

born days! Ho! Ho!” Then he ceased from Hawe and his deputy. “NBIS.

laughing and, with glinting gaze upon chase away them two fellers hanging’

Madeline, insolent and vicious and back there. Chase ’em, quick!”

savage, he began to drawl: “Wal, These men, the two deputies who

now, my lady, I reckon your story, if

it tallies with Bonita‘s an' Padre Mar-

cos‘s, will clear Gene Stewart in the

eyes of the court.” Here he grew

slower, more biting, sharper, and hard-

er of face. “But you needn’s expect

Pat Hawe or the court to swaller thet

part of your story about bein’ detained

unwillin’ ! ”



Madeline had not time to grasp the

sense of his last words. Stewart had

convulsively sprung upward, white as

chalk. As he leaped at Hawe, Still-

well interposed his huge bulk and wrap-

ped his arms around the cowboy. There

was a brief, whirling, wrestling strug-

gle. Stewart appeared to be beating

the old cattleman. .



“Help, boys, help!” yelled Stillwell.

“I can’t hold him! Hurry, or there’s

going to be blood spilled!”



Nick Steele and several others leap-

ed to Stillweli's assistance, Stewart,

getting free, tossed one aside and then

another. They closed in'on him. For

an instant a furious, straining wrestle

of powerful bodies made rasp and

shock and blow. Once Stewart heaved

them from him; but they plunged back

and finally conquered him.





the packhorses, did not wait for Nels.

'They spurred their mounts, wheeled,

and galloped away.



“Now, Nels, cut the girl loose!” or-

dered Monty.



Nels ran f01ward, jerked the halter

out of Sneed’s hand, and pulled Bon-

ita‘s horse in close to the porch. As

he slit the rope which bound her she

fell into his arms.



“Hawe, git down!” went on Monty.

“Face front an’ stiff.”



The sheriff swung his leg, and, never

moving his hands, with his face a

deathly, sickening white, he slid to

the ground.



“Line up there beside your guerilla

pard! There! You two make a fine

pictoor~a fine team of pizened coyote

an’ a cross between a wild mule an’ a

greaser. Now listen!”



Monty made a long pause, in which

his breathing was plainly audible. Mad-

eline’s eyes were riveted in fascina-

tion upon him. Her mind, swift as

lightning, had gathered the subtleties

in action and word succeeding his dom-

ination of the men. Violence, terrible

violence—the thing she had sensed,





“Gene! Why, Gene!" panted the old the thing she had feared, the thing she

cattleman. “Sure you’re locoed to act had sought to eliminate from among

this way! Cool down! Why, boy, it’s her cowboys—was, after many months,

all right! Jest stand still—give us a about to be enacted before her eyes.





It had come at last!



She had softened Stillwell, she had

influenced Nels, she had changed Stew-

art; but this black—faced, terrible Mon-



. ty Price now rose, as it were, out of

his wild past, and-no power on earth

could stay his-hand. Madeline did not

shudder; she did not wish to blot out





chance to talk to you. It’s only 01d

Bill, you know——your 01d pal who’s

tried to be a daddy to you. He’s only

wantin’ you to hev sense—to be cool—

to wait!” .



“Let me go! Let me go!” cried

Stewart, and the poignancy of that cry

pierced Madeline’s heart. “Let me go,

Bill, if you’re my friend. I don’t care

what Hawe’s said or done to me. It his mood of wild justice. She suffered

was that about‘her! Are you all a lot a flash of horror to feel that Monty,

of greasers? How can you stand it?” -blind and dead to her, authority, cold

Then his voice broke and fell to a as steel toward her presence, under-

Whispel. “Bill, dear old Bill, let me stood the depths ofaWoman’s soul. For

go! I’ll kill him!” in this moment of strife, of insult to

‘ “Gene, I know you’d kill him if you her, of terture to the man she had up-

hed an even break,” replied Stillwell lifted and then broken, the passion of

soothingly; “ but you ain't even pack- her reached deep toward primitive

in’ a gun, an’ there’s Pat lookin’ nasty, hate. "

with his hand nervous like. He seen With eyes slowly hazing red she

you hed no gun. He’d jump at the watched Monty Price; she listened,

chance to plug you an’ then holler with thru’mming ears; she waited,

about opposition to the law. Cool slowly sagging against Stillwell

down, son! tI’ll all come right.” “Howe, if you an’ your dirty pard

Suddenly Madeline was transfixed ‘ ' ’ ' ‘





 





roll in here an’ flash yer badge, an'.





had remained in the background with.





'she was awake or





from sight this little man, fearful in .





 

 





'When thin s

m '





   

   





my ole Style jest to hev a talk with

you. You all but got away on your

nerve, didn’t you? ’Cause why? You





talk mean, an’ almost bluff away with

it.‘ You heerd all about Miss Ham-

mond’s cowboy Outfit stoppin’ drinkin’

an’ cussin' an’ packin’ guns. They’ve

took on religion an’ decent livin’, im’

sure they’ll be easy to hobble an’ drive

to jail! Howe, listen. Ther was a

good an’ noble woman: came out of the

east somewhere, an’ she brought a lot

of sunshine an’ happiness an’ new

ideas into the tough lives of cowboys.

I reckon it’s beyond you to know what

she come to mean to them; but wunst

they wus only a lot of poor cowboys,

an’ then, sudden like, they was human

bein’s, livin’ in a big world thet had

somethin’ sweet even fer them—even

for an ole, worn-our, hobble-legged,

burned-up, cowman like me! An’ you,

Pat Hawe, you come along, not satis-

fied with ropin’. an’ beatin’ thet friend- .

less little Bonita, you come along an'

face the lady we fellers honor an’ love

an’ reverence, an’ you—you—”



With whistling breath, foaming at

the mouth, Monty Price hunched low-

er, his hands at his hips, and edged

inch by inch farther out from the

porch, closer to Hawe and Sneed.



“Thet’s all!” roared Monty. Lower

and lower he hunched, a terrible figure

of ferocity. “Now, both you armed os-

sifers of the law, come on! Flash your.

guns! Throw ’em, an’ be quick! Mon-

ty Price is done! There’ll be daylight

through you both before you fall a.

hammer, but I‘m givin’ you a chanst

to sting me. You holler law, an’ my,

way is the ole law!”



Hoarsei and more demoniacal he

grew with each panting breath, lower

he hunched his shoulders. All his body,

except his rigid arms, quivered with a

muscular convulsion.





“Dogs ! Skunks! Scorpions! Buz-‘

zards! Flash them guns, er I’ll flash

mine! Aha!” i





To Madeline it seemed that the three

stiff, crouching men leaped into instant

and united action. She saw streaks of

fire and puffs of‘smoke. Then a crash-

ing volley deafened her.



Smoke veiled the scene. Slowly it

drifted away, to disclose three fallen

men, one of whom, Monty, leaned on

one hand, a smoking gun in the other.



He watched for a movement from

the other two. It did not come. Then,

with a terrible smile, he slipped back

and stretched out. > ‘



In the days that followed, whether ,1 i





 





asleep, Madeline



Hammond could not release herself



from the thralling memory of that



tragedy. She was haunted by Monty ‘ l



Price’s terrible smile. Only in action 5



could she escape; and to that end she , i

(Continued on page 667). g



i





THINGS MIGHT BE WORSE.





 





BY IRMA T. SOPER, '

Folks call me “old Cy Weatherby,"

Reckon thet’s who I be. ,

And when they look they act as tho

They sorter pitied me.





’Cause I ain’t got much money,

My house is just a shack

A-settin’ in among th’ trees

Up river that, way back. .





My overalls are patched up good

My wampus, now ,thet matches.

But goodness me, I’m very glad

I had th’ cloth fer patches!





The river’s handy by th’ house

It can’t be beat fer fishin, * -;

And in th’ spring in thet deep pool ,

I keep a trout line swishin'. . 1 ‘





   





I’ve got a dorg. He’ s just a cur——

No fancy breed. But listen—-



There’s just as many friendly wags

In that there tail 0’ his’ 11.





   

   

   

   





I ain’t much on th’ singin’ act



Can't sing: “Go Tell Aunt Abbey.”

live got a cat thet likes ter sing



So I leave thet ter Tabby. ‘





But I m greati it whistlin’

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BY 1.. MYRTLE . souns.

Heads of gold,

Too many to be told,

I saw one sunny day

Along a grassy way.

0, dandelions yellow,

Where light all rich and mellow

Is shining down on you

Out of a sky of blue!

You are so bright and gay

And stretch so far away——

Did all the stars of night

Drop down their golden light

To lie here in the grass

And shine while here we pass?

Or did the shining sun

Forget, when he was done

To gather up his rays

0f light for many days,

Until his threads of gold

The wind in heads had rolled,

And tossed them in the grass

Like balls of golden glass?

0, dandelions bright,

You dazzle with your light

The eyes that gaze on you

Under the sunny blue!





ORGANIZED AGRICULTURE IN

WALES AND SCOTLAND.





(Continued from page 651).



five dollars per acre. The experiment-

al crops in North Wales and in five or

six counties in England comprise one

hundred and twenty acres for tobacco

and three thousand acres for sugar

beets. Thirty acres is the largest sin-

gle field. It is regarded as more de-

sirable and efficient than conducting

the experiments on one large experi-

mental i'arm, because the farmers con-

duct. the experiment on their own land

and know their own needs.



Agricultural co-operation in W'ales

has profited the farmer, especially in

_ protecting him from fraud and deceit

and short weights in his purchase of

fertilizers, feed stuffs, and especially

seeds. The result has been to drive

om very largely the unscrupulous deal-

er in these commodities. It is claimed

that “If all farmers traded through co-

Operative societies the doubtful firms

would cease to exist. Now a firm’s

only chance is with individuals whom

they solicit. on fair and market days

and at shows. 'l‘hey thrive on individ-

uals and will continue to do so as long

as farmers choose to make their bar-

gains individually. Many sad bargains

have been and are being made under

the influence of treating, and more-

over, stuff is forwarded very often

when no order at all has been given.”



In Wales we find in Operation ten

small holding societies. Five of these

hold approximately 877 acres of land.

The membership is 248, with a paid-up

capital of a little over $1,000. The c0-

opeative land-renting movement is con—

fined to Glaniorgan and Monmouth.

'Members of these societies consist of

men who have been on the soil some

time or other and who still retain a

liking for it. They follow some con-

stant employment and work on the

land in their leisure hours, or join to-

gether in employ ing workmen. Houses

are only built for them by the county

councils and in a few instances out-

buildings have been built also. They

co-operate for buying their repuire-

ments in many cases, and provision

fOr this is made in their rules, thus

avoiding necessity for registering a.

separate society.



There are seventy-five co-operative

societies at present in Wales made up

as follows: Ten small holding socie-



’ ties, three credit societies, one surplus

milk society, one live stock society,

one bulb society, three egg depots. The

rest are societies for the supply of re-

quirements, but many of these sell

produce as well. Their total turnover

was something over a million dollars

for the year under consideration. The

largest society is that of Carmarthen.

This has two branches and covers an

area of ten by twenty-four miles. It is

efliciently conducted, showing an in-

crease in membership over the previ-

, ous year of 133 and an increase of

turnover of $155,000.



The co-operative movement in Wales

has been in existence about eleven

years but is still regarded as only in





 

 

 





 

 





 





ever, that the figures for Wales, Awhile.





not large, apply to a small country. Its

total area is only 7,500 square miles

and a large part of this is not adapted

to agricultural purposes. If you draw

a line from Bay City to Port Huron

the enclosed part of the“'thumb”

would about equalNVales in area.

Scotland.



The Scotch have not made the pro-

gress in co-operative agriculture that

the Irish have. A Scottish commission

was sent to Denmark in 1904 and re-

ported favorably upon its findings. The

Irish and the English Agricultural Or—

ganization Societies lent their assist-

ance and now considerable progress

has been realized. The largest devel-

Opment is along the line of small hold-

ings, egg, produce and poultry socie-

ties; and stock breeding on the co-op-

erative sale has become more and

more prominent and successful. The

societies for the co-operative purchase

of seeds, feedstnffs, fertilizers and the

equipment of fishing boats, has accom-

plished much.



Co-operative credit in Scotland is

really needed as it is everywhere, as

the basic requirement for promoting

co-operative business. We do not get

very far in promoting any kind of a





 





submitted y the United States Consul

at Glasgow, from the bank, “for they Bible in the Vernacular tongue. Ed-

are usually men of recognized ability, ward Irving and Washington Irving

experienced in carrying on good farms, came from the Dumfrieshire stock and

and often have considerable sums so did “Rare Ben Johnson” and the

credited to their account on deposit. Malcolms. Dr. John. G Paton, the not-

Tenants of small farms in some s’ec— ed missionary, was a native of Tor-

tions of Scotland, however, have difli- thorwald, Dumfrieshire.

culty in obtaining bank credit, owing The accompanying picture of the cat-

to inability to give the required secur- tle grazing about the ruins of Loch-

ity. Consequently there are through- maben Castle, the ancient seat of Sir

out Scotland a considerable number of Robert Bruce and his forbears, illus-

tenant farmers W110 are DOt allowed trates the picturesque beauty of the

the slightest credit by 4119 existing rural landscape of Scotland. This old

banks.” castle was erected not later than 1300.

The financing 01' the small holdings In driving over to Lockerbie from

work in Scotland as elsewhere in Dumfries I persuaded my driver to de-

Great Britain, does not seem to be tour enough to give me a chance to

taken care Off by its present banking see the ancient home of the Bruces.

facilities. The land, too, is held quite He stopped suddenly at an elbow in

largely in comparatively large tracts the road and said, “It’s a wee bit of a,

so that throughout the British Isles walk beyond yon trees.” I climbed

the so-called “evils of landlordism,” over a stone fence, followed a cow-

especially complained of in Ireland, path, as it wound its way among the

will probably be solved through some ancient beeches, fully three feet in

form of agricultural co-operation back— diameter, for a. distance of forty rods.

ed 119 by DI‘ODel‘ credit facilities. There I came upon the’old walls which

My personal observations of agricul- are now the nesting place of pigeons

tural conditions in Scotland were con- and the trellis of ivy. The hum of a





fined to the southern part. lnaturally mower, for this was the eleventh of

went to see the Old home Of my SCOtCh July, in a nearby field, contrasted the

ancestors in Dumfrieshire.





This is a pruning hook of today with the spears

of yesterday. These castles were built





 





 





Cattle Grazing About Ruins of Ancient Home of Sir Robert Bruce.





business without adequate credit facil-

ities. One of the reasons, and proba-

bly the chief reason why co-operative

credit has not been more largely devel-

oped in Scotland, is because the large

banks of Scotland have extended

branches generally throughout the

country. There are ten of these great

banks that are the most prominent.

Their headquarters are in Edinburgh,

Glasgow, Aberdeen and one in London.

Each of these banks have branches in

every large city and town in Scotland,

while in the smaller towns and villag-

es, one or more of them are represent-

ed, and each of them has correspond-

ents in every section of the business

world. Credit is extended, it is said,

to the farmers, in precisely the same

way as to other customers of the bank.

The account current is applicable to

anyone who deposits money from $5.00

upwards. Farmers can generally se-

cure credit, according to a statement





 





 





 





itsintancy. ‘ We need to consider, how- A Business in which the Monetary Receipts





i





 





chiefly as fortifications. Romans,

Norseman, Island peoples and Clans

for a thousand years have given battle

and shed blood in defence here in

Dumfrieshire. '





The same stable character of Euro-

pean architecture predominates in

Scotland. The buildings are of stone

with tile roofs to last another thou-

sand years. Thril‘t is written promi-

nently over the landscape and upon

the streets and the buildings and the

homes of the cities. Lockerbie, as an

example, has only about 2,500 inhabit-

ants, yet it has constructed a town

hall that will not be excelled by many

of the county buildings of Michigan

outside of the larger cities and thickly

populated counties. In front of this

town hall in the open square, were be-

ing exhibited for sale an American

beautiful country. One can easily see mowing machine. UV‘E‘I‘ the doors 0f

why a Scotchman loves the hills. He the business places were exhibited the

has grown upon the hillsides for a same names as those of about every

thousand years. The land here is pro- Scotchman in our part of the country.

ductive and some of the highest rent- Lord Raleighg Farms.

commanding land in the world is said Before leaving the British Isles I

to be in Scotland. This section, how- want to refer to the English farms of

ever, is richer in other contributions Lord Raleigh.

than agriculture. Five miles away About two-thirds of the 4,000 acres is

from Lockerbie, where my grandpar- arable and one-third grass. The arable

ents lived, is Craigen PUttOCk, the land is rather heavy, needing careful

home and burial Place Of Thomas Car- under—draining. It is situated in the

lyle. Twelve miles away at Dumfries dry part of England. The manner of

is the home and burial Place Of Robert handling the farms is somewhat in the

13111118, the plowman poet. About nature of a co-partnership. A bonus

here were bred the Maxwells. Doug- is given to employes when the result

lasses, Kirkpatricks, Crichtons, John- of the year’s fal-nljng have been satis-

SIODGS, Jardines, Carlyles, Irvings, factory. The bonuses have been award-

Graemes, ElliOttS and Armstrongs, ed fifteen times in the last eighteen

who are. mentioned among those who years and continuously since 1915. The

fought 811d fell bEtWGGH the Lowthers total amount thus far paid out in bon-

and the walls Of York. It was Lord uses has aggregated about $50,000. Un-

MHXWGH, 0f Dumfrieshire, who, away til recently the amount was paid into

back in 1543, secured from Parliament accounts opened on behalf of the men

with the Post Office Savings Bank.

More recently, however, a co-partner—

ship scheme was instituted, whereby’

the bonus could be credited to ac-

counts opened between the men and

the farms. Passbooks are provided,

and the men are free to withdraw their

money if they wish to do so. They

may also add any savings of their own,

their wives or their children, to the

amounts standing to their credit. In-

terest at four per cent per annum is

guaranteed, and to this is added such

dividends as is earned by the farms

after all expenses have been met. It

has been found possible to declare a

satisfactory dividend every year since

the institution of the scheme, and the

number of shareholders have steadily

increased from thirty-two to 191. The

sums at present invested by the em-

ployes amount to about $19,000.





Careful field accounts have been kept

for the last nineteen years, showing



. an average profit for a number of them

of about $10 an acre. ' ~ ' -





 





are not the only Compensation.





 





 





 

 

 





the right of thel'li‘e‘ges to peruho the, I
. an or Waisvshh- sinus;





Continfied from” page 664).

worked, she'walked, and rode. Over-

coming a strong feeling, which she

feared was unreasonable disgust, she

waited on Bonita, who lay ill at the

ranch, bruised and feverish, in need of

skillful nursing. ‘



Madeline felt that something inscrut-

able was changing her soul. She was

never spiritually alone. There was a

step on her trail. Indoors she was op-

pressed. She required the open, the

light, the wind, the sight of endless

slopes, the sounds of corral and pond

and field.



One afternoon she rode down to the

alfalfa fields, round them, and back up

to the spillway of the lower lake,

where a group of mesquit~trees, fed by

the water that seeped through the

sand, had taken on the bloom and

beauty of renewed life. Under these

trees there was shade enough to make

a pleasant place to linger.



Madeline dismounted, desiring to

rest a little. She liked this quiet, lone-

1y spot. It was really the only seclud-

ed nook, near the house. If she rode

down into the valley, or up on the foot-

hills, she could not go alone. Even

now probably Stillwell or Nels knew

her whereabouts; but as she was com-

paratively hidden here, she imagined

a solitude that was not actually hers.



Her horse, Majesty, bobbed his head

and flung his mane and switched his

tail at the flies. He would rather have

been cutting the wind down the valley

slope.



Madeline sat with her back against

a tree and took ofi her sombrero. The

sole breeze, fanning her hot face, blow-

ing strands of her hair, was refresh-

ingly cool. She heard the slow tramp

of cattle going in to drink. That sound

ceased, and the grove of mesquits ap-

peared to be lifeless, except for her

and her horse. .



Tet, listening and looking with keen

ears andeyes, she found that the place

was far from dead. Desert quail, as

gray as the bare earth, were dusting

themselves in a shady spot. A bee,

swift as light, bummed by, squatting

low in the sand. A brown bird darted

down from an unseen perch and made

a swift, irregular flight after a flutter-

ing insect. Madeline heard the sharp

snapping of a merciless beak. There

was death, as well as life, in the shade

of the mesquits.



Suddenly Majesty shot up his long

ears and snorted. Then Madeline

heard a slow pad of boots. A horse

was approaching from the direction of

the lake.



Madeline had learned to be wary.

Mounting Majesty, she turned him to-

ward the open. A moment later she

felt glad of her caution, for, looking

back between the trees, she saw Stew-

art leading a horse into the grove. She

would as willingly have met a guerrilla

as this cowboy.



Majesty had broken into a trot when

a shrill whistle rent the air. The

horse leaped, and, wheeling so swiftly

that he nearly unseated his rider, he

charged back straight for the mesquit.

Madeline spoke to him, cried angrily

to him, pulled with all her strength

upon the bridle, but was helplessly un-

able to stop him.



He whistled a piercing blast. Mad-

eline realized then that Stewart, his

old master, had called him, and that

nothing could turn him. She gave up

trying and attended to the urgent need

of saving herself from mesquit boughs

that Majesty thrashed into motion.



The horse thumped into an aisle be-

tween the trees, and stopping before

Stewart, whinnied eagerly. Madeline,

not knowing what to expect, had no

time for any feeling but amazement.

A quick glance showed her the cow-

bcy in rough garb, dressed for the trail

and leading a wiry horse, saddled and

packed.



When Stewart, without looking at

her, put his arm around Majesty’s

nook and laid hisvface against the flow-

" ' . Madeline’s heart suddenly





 





 





 





 





began ‘to feast with unwantednuiéki‘ j"





ness. “StOWart‘ seemed oblivious to her

presence. His eyes were closed. His

dark face worked into softer mold, lost

its hardness and sadness, and for an

instant became beautiful.



Madeline instantly divined what his

action meant. He was leaving the

ranch; this was his good-bye to his

horse. How strange, sad, fine, was

this love between man and beast!



A dimness confused Madeline’s eyes;

she hurriedly brushed it away, and it

came back wet and blurring. She

averted her face, ashamed of the tears,

Stewart might see. She was sorry for

him. She 'fought a mounting wish to

take him again into her service. He

was going away, and this time, judging

from the nature. of his farewell to his

horse, it was to be forever.



Like a stab from a cold blade, a pain

shot through Madeline's heart. But

why Stewart's departure? ‘



“I want to talk to you,” he said.



Madeline started, turned to him, and

now she saw the earlier Stewart, the

man who reminded her of their first

meeting.



"I want to ask you something,” he

went on. “I’ve been wanting to know

something. That’s why I’ve hung on

here. You never spoke to me, never

noticed me, never gave me a chance to

ask you; but now I‘m going over—over

the border, and I want to know. Why

did you discharge me?”



At his last words that hot shame,

tenfold more stifling than before, rush-

ed over Madeline, sending the scarlet

in a wave to her temples. It was as if

his words made her realize that she





was actually face to face with him—W





that somehow he must discover what

she would rather have died than re-

veal. Biting her lips to hold back

speech, she jerked on Majesty’s bridle,

struck him with her whip, spurred him.



Stewart’s iron arm held the horse.

Then, in a- flash of passion, she struck

at Stewartfis face, missed it, struck

again and hit.



With one pull, almost drawing her

from the saddle, he tore the whip from

her hands. It was not that action on

his part, or the masterfulness of his

look, so much as the livid mark on his

face that quieted her fury.



“That’s nothing,” he said with some-

thing of his old audacity. “That's noth-

ing—to how you‘ve hurt me!"



Madeline battled with herself for

control. This man would net be denied.

.The piercing eyes he bent upon her

burned her, went through her, as if he

were looking into her soul. Then her

quick sight caught a fleeting doubt, a

wistfulness, a surprised and saddened

certainty in his eyes. She saw it shade

and pass away. Her woman's intuition,

as keen as her sight, told her that

Stewart in that moment had sustained

a shock of bitter, final truth.



For the third time he repeated his

question. Madeline did not answer;

she could not speak.



“You don't know I love you, do you?”

he continued passionately; “that ever

since you stood before me in that hole

at Chiricahua I’ve loved you? You

can’t see that I’ve been another man,

loving you, working for you, living for

you? You won‘t believe that I’ve turn-

ed my back on the 01d, wild life; that

I've been decent and honorable and

happy and useful—your kind of a cow-

boy? How could you tell that a wild

fellow, faithless to mother and sister,

except in memory, riding a hard, drunk-

en trail straight to perdition, had look-

ed into the eyes of a beautiful woman

infinitely beyond him and above him,

and had so loved her that he was sav~

ed—that he became faithful again—

that he saw her face in every flour

and her eyes in the blue heaven? Who

could tell you, when at night I stood

alone under these western stars, how

deep in my soul I was glad just to be

alive, to be able to do something for

you, to be near you, to stand between

you and trouble or danger, to feel

somehow that I was a. part, just a little

part, of the west you had come to

lever? (Continued next week).





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





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three at a jump promptly as the



kitchen clock chimed 12 M. He

was as hungry as a bear after a morn-

,ing in the field, and visions of the din-

ner‘ his mother-in-law would have ready

had been tantalizing him since the mid-

dle of the forenoon. One thing Mrs.

Martin could cook, if she did get on

his nerves. He and the hired man had

dug a. half bushel of dandelion greens

the night before, he had brought in a





JOHN LUDLOW took the back steps





 





Ihalf ham, smoked and cured to the

Iqueen’s taste, and left a pan of Spies





handy as a suggestion for one of those

flaky, melt-in-your mouth, cinnamon-

seasoned pics for which Grace’s moth-

er was famous.



He sniffed expectantly as he turned

the door knob, but his sniff turned to

a snort of disgust as a whiff of steamy

soapsuds struck his face instead of the

odor of ham and cinnamon he had ex-

pected. Mrs. Martin, worn, steamy,

hot and disheveled, stood in the mid.

dle of the kitchen floor looking in de-

spair at the clock which had just an-

nounced the dinner hour, and the stove

showed no signs of dinner. A glance

‘through the half—open dining-room door

;—Grace kept it shut when she washed,

to keep the steam from spoiling the

paper, showed the table like Mother

lHubbard's cupboard. There was not a

‘single preparation for dinner, and,

crowning insult of all, Mrs. Martin was

washing, a thing absolutely forbidden

by Grace when she left for a week's

visit in the city.



“\Vhy, I had no idea it was so late,”

,Ihe poor woman quavercd helplessly.

“I was just going to wash ‘out a few

pieces, but there were so many when

I got to looking around it took me long-

er than I expected it to.”



“But Grace didn't want you to

wash,” exploded John. “You don't do

it at home, and she‘ll be back next

week. She’ll be furious when she finds

out. \Ve didn’t need the things and

now you’ll be down sick.” Visions of

a sick mother-in-law on his hands turn-

ed John's blood cold. One that could

get about was enough to manage.



“Oh, it won’t hurt me any, and Grace

has so much to do,” broke in Mrs. Mar-

tin. “She’ll be all tired out when she

gets back, and I didn’t want her [0

have to pitch in and wash the first





 





thing. I’ll fly right around and get you

men something. It won’t take me a

minute.”





But “flying around” after a morning

spent over a washboard was quite be-

yond Mrs. Martin’s powers. Her at-

tempts to soar brought down Grace’s

choicest salad bowl, which held the

remains of a cold custard intended for

dessert. This so fiustered the poor

lady that it was fully one o’clock be-

fore she could get things finally to

gether, and then the men sat down to

a few scraps of cold fried bacon, some

dry pieces of bread, potatoes half

warmed, and'weak tea. Mrs. Martin

was too tired to eat and excused her-

self to finish “her rinsing" while the

men ate. John choked down his food

in moody silence. Why couldn’t old

ladies be reasonable? Mrs. Martin

knew, or at least she ought to if she

knew anything at all, which he very

much doubted, that she was not strong

enough to wash. Why couldn’t she

stick to the original agreement and

just get'meals and'keep things .picked

up While'Grace was away? He, wash-

ed.down a mouthful of stale cooky





 





 





 





with a swallow of weak tea, banged





I ,





 





 





The Domestic Crucible—26 Sifidifiuinfiafli‘mfiii tlé‘iniittfrbevéilfi





this practice there has been no more





Mrs. Martin Turns Laundrcss with Dishcartcning Results bowel trouble. Eggs are cheap when





his chair savagely against the wall it is turkey time and two eggs a day

and stalked moodily out the front way Will feed a dozen Of them UP to a. week

to work old, when they can gradually be shift-

Mrs. Martin spied him going to the ed to baked corn meal bread. We keep

barn and sighed dismally. ' She had food plates very clean, provide clean

meant to be such a help to poor over- water and some green feed.”

worked Grace, and this was what it “Dry bread dipped in sWeet milk

amounted to. John was mad, more be- then squeezed very dry is my main de-

cause he hadn’t got a good dinner than pendence for young turkeys,” respond-

because she had worn herself to a ed Mrs. Ames in continuing the talk.

frazzle washing his dirty shirts, she “I save every scrap for weeks in ad-

thought, and he would set Grace up vance, being sure it does not become

against her. She sniffled resignedly, moldy. Sloppy food of any kind is

dabbed her eyes with her handkerchief fatal to very young turkeys and I never

and sank into a chair by the kitchen over-feed. I give onion tops chopped

table to drink a cup of tea, which by fine, or lacking. this, letuce as soon as

virtue of having stood on the stove it is big enough. But our bed of win-

while the men were eating, had now ter onions can usually be depended on

assumed the properties of lye. to supply the turkeys With green stuff.

It took her until three o’clock to get as well as ourselves with the tender

the last of the clothes on the line. young onions in the spring. I’d like to

Then the kitchen had to be straighten- give the ladies my method of dealing

ed up, the beds were unmade, the din- with setting hens,” she continued.

ing-room table stood as the men left it “Where a number are setting, one is

at noon, and the living-room was un- apt to forget when the hatch iS due,

touched. Dandelion greens, boiled and marking a date on the calendar is

ham and apple pie were out of the sometimes confusing as to which is

question. She just managed to cut off Which. I write on a card the date of

a few slices of ham to fry, boil some setting the hen, also the date she is

potatoes, open a can of Grace’s toma- expected to hatch. This card I either

toes and bake a tin of baking powder tack to some solid surface near the

biscuit. She should have made bread nest, or slip it underneath if the hen

that day, but the washing had seemed is setting in a bOX- By the way, I like

more important. boxes for setting hens’ nests very

Frosty politeness characterized the much. They are light and easy to

atmosphere of the supper table. Neith- move around when necessary. If a.

er she nor John referred to the day’s hen starts sitting where I do not want

work, but after supper John cleared her I place a cracker or soap box on

the table and awkwardly offered to the exact spot, filling it first with

dry dishes. After all, she was Grace’s straw or chaff then gently place the

mother and probably meant well. Be- broody hen on it, with an egg or two

sides she looked woefully drawn and to keep her quiet till I see she means

shaky, and if she should not be able business. If she stays on the nest I

to get up in the morning the fat would put eggs under her next day, and after

be in the fire. Mrs. Martin accepted dark she can be moved elsewhere. It

his offer as awkwardly as it was put. is safer to have a small building by

She had much rather be left alone, itself for sitting hens where they are

but she recognized the olive branch, free from disturbance and where they

and, after all, he was Grace’s husband can be kept inside by providing food

and Grace loved him, though how on and water.”

earth she could—Mrs. Martin stopped “I never knew that a. turkey would

there and tried hard to think of John’s sit on a nest after being moved from

many good points. her original location until this spring,”

She was too tired to make beds, and Mrs. Brown remarked as her name

John firmly ordered her to her room, was called. “We wanted to break up

promisingfaithfully to make his own one of ours when she commenced to

and the hired man’s. But when Mrs. sit. So we put her in another place,

Martin dragged herself into their but she insisted on sitting. Finally

rooms next morning, she was morally we put eggs under her and she settled

certain that both men had tumbled into down as steady as an old clock.”

unmade beds the night before. “Dear me,” began Mrs. Collins, when

DEBORAH. her turn came. “How wise you ladies

are on the poultry question. Now

there is a lot I don’t know about it,

having, as you know, lived on a farm

BY ELLA 1-3. RUCKWUOD. only a few years. We tried last year

The May meeting of the club, it had to raise some turkeys but while they

been decided at the previous one, was did not appear to have bowel trouble,

to be devoted to poultry. The mem- as Mrs. Allen complained of, with hers,

bers all being farmers’ wives, were ours failed to thrive for some reason

anxious to get as much as possible out and I would like to ask the ladies for

of their flocks and wisely decided that some advice. since we are trying again

in a multitude of counselors there this year and hope for better success.-

would be something for each to gain Our little turkeys hatch all right and

on this important topic. appear smart and healthy until about

“I do not feel competent to advise a month old. Then they begin to droop,

others as to the care and feeding of hang the wings down and stand around

poultry in general,” said Mrs. Allen, peeping so mournfully that it makes

in opening the discussion, “but I do me just sick myself to hear them. Af-

think I have learned several very es- ter a few days they die. Now, can

sential facts in relation to rearing any of you tell what is the matter with

young turkeys and our farm has been them?”

making a specialty of the Mammoth “It is nothing but lice, Mrs. Collins,”

Bronze for several years. We used to spoke up Mrs. Allen. “We used to

have much difficulty in getting the lit— have that same trouble until I found

tle things started right. Bowel trouble out what was the cause. If you had

was almoSt sure to set in and kill so examined one of the little things care-

many of them. Then I determined to *fully under the wings, you would have

start in feeding only hard boiled eggs found that the,very life blood was bee





THE PASS-lT-ALONG CLUB.—II|.
. may be omitted.





 

 





1W3





 





mania“ dust





the “mother well with “in: .





sect. powder two or three times during '“ ' "





incubation and probably that would

put an end-to them: However, I keep

a can of the pyrethrum powder handy

and sprinkle it liberally over the little

fellows’ backs occasionally, just before

they creep under the hen for the night.

Always examine both chicks and turks

during the first 48 hours for the large

head lice and rub on a little pure lard

it any are found, but don’t try kerosene

as a substitute. I did that once and it

killed every chick.”



“i am selling my eggs this,year in a

new way,” said Mrs. Holmes, the last

to respond to roll call for the day. “I

get the cases or cartons which. certain

firms give away through grocers for

advertising purposes. These hold one

dozen eggs each. I select the largest

eggs, always perfectly fresh, and de-

liver them to my butter customers at

three cents a dozen more than the re-

tail market price. My husband says

we should have five cents more but I

am satisfied with three until we get

our trade worked up. Next year we

are going to have cartons stamped

with our own name. Every egg is guar-

anteed and I find people are willing to

pay more for the large ones."



It was decided that the topic for the

next meeting should be pet economies.





NEW WAYS WITH STRAWBERRIES.





 





BY M. A. L.



New ways of serving old friends are

always welcomed by the ambitious

cook. As a starter for dinner, straw-

berry cocktail is liked in niOst families,

and as this is made without alcohol in

any form, no one can object to it. To

make it, mash the hulled and washed

berries, and for every quart of berries

allow the juice of one lemon and one

orange, one cup of sugar and four of

cold water. Stir all well together in

a stone jar or preserving kettle and let

stand for two hours. Then strain it

through two thicknesses of cheese,

cloth, chill and serve in glasses as a

first course. Pineapple cocktail may

be made in the same way by putting

the fruit through the finest of the food

chopper knives and substituting for the

strawberries.





A pretty strawberry salad may be .





made by selecting the largest berries,

cutting in halves and serving with

whipped cream garnished with halves

of English walnuts.



A strawberry cream pie is a change

from short-cake. Make a rich pie crust

and cut out three circles of equal diam-

eter. From one cut the center, leav-

ing only 8. ring. Bake the crusts on a

flat tin, and put the two crusts togeth-

er with a rich cream filling. Spread

the top crust with the cream, and 'cov-

er with berries. On top of all lay the

ring and pile with 'chilled berries

Spi-inkled with powdered sugar. To

make the cream, mix one cup of sugar

with one-fourth cup of cornstarch and

two beaten eggs. Add slowly one and

a half cups of milk and one tablespoon

of melted butter and cook in the dou-

ble boiler 20 minutes. Salt to suit,

and flavor with orange flavoring.



Many families are fond of strawber-

ry custard. This is made by adding

crushed and sweetened berries to your

usual custard recipe. Of course the

dessert must be served as cold as pos-

sible. It is better if covered with the

stiffly beaten whites of eggs, colored

with strawberry juice and sweetened.



A strawberry sauce which is nice to

serve with stale sponge cake, steamed

for pudding, is made by beating togeth.

er one egg white and one cup of pow.

dered ' sugar, and adding a cup of

crushed berries.





Catsup Salad Dressing.





 





Mix together two tablespoonfuls of goo gaunt“



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little it will cost.





Write for our illustrated catalogs and descriptive

booklets giving all the facts.





A. R. GRAHAM, Supervisor





810 Mason St., FLINT, MICH.





OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY. CHICAGO





Lav-(cu Maker. of Private Lighting and Cooking

Plants in the World.





 





 





Growing Crops.





Farms and Farm lands For 8an N e w La nd,





In Gladwln and Midland Counties, Michigan. Well

‘00 A 0 located. Low prices and easy terms. Stafield Bros.

crest .,. (owners). 15 Merrill Bldg. Saginaw. (westaidel. Mich





FIRE! FIRE! FIRE!





We had an opportunity of buying, at

much less cost than any of our read.





 





l3 Cows. Poi: Hones.

With wagons, 6~horoe power guolino engine, thresh-

ing machine. enellge cutter. teed mill. buzz saw, tools

hay. (wintered a) head and





her ; 50 fruit trees, milk and cream sold at door. Fine





MICHIGAN LANDS





8 acres corn. fluorescent inc uded ; cutti 60 tons of For Sale. Gladwin County. Wild and cleared lands. to be the best for quick WOI‘k. AS 3.

ad hay to sidil





ers could, a lot of fire extinguishers,

and of the best sort—~the "Fire Chief"

Dry Chemical Powder kind—supposed





level loam, wire fenced. Large lot ofwood Enge‘figy DETROIT TRUST CO» Detroit, MiCh. rule' the time to put a fire out is as





near the start as possible. Farmers





 





2story 12ml. house with cellar. painted and in good





Del ; .



wit ties for 24 head, horse stable‘. hog house and pool. - ,



try house. Owner has other bovine-e and makes low {SEiodfggzbfitfiu 3i?“ r

Elmo? for all, , with very asy terms of 81500 down. (7. G. EYng

0rd ull dotai tol.‘ thin and a so one of 66 acres with





co and terms.

LDS. Gladwln. Michigan.





have little fire protection; we figured





condition inside and out ; telephone. daily mall. near

' born magnlflcient maple shade. 72—h barn Stock Ranch Lgnd: “1”" ""3“” on that when we bought a lot of the





ed cut-over land





orforfarms. in tracteofdo “Fire Chiéi” Extinguishers at a low





wholesale price. We bought these

with our subscribers in mind and will





 





ngs ormto close estate, easy-terms, see

“Stront'n money-making toms," a choice





from good town. no waste

fine a

down. ddteu





ew York.





 





mato catsup and lastly one cup 01' E01: Sale—1358.011» Iandlgyl'el,5a:m orchard beam-





sour or sweet cream. The olive all





his. Mmm boa-o. n10 om, other bulld-

; wager hogan and ham; 1% p ow, bal





 





!





 





 





 





Ic col 16 mile.

don.





Mon. Mich-





 





Iohnoo to out: you. Putin Gallon;





 





a 9. never been

me. midi:





tons.





give them to our readers at cost. Full





ACRE farm for sale. 82 miles west at Detroit, directions go with each one. They

1 4 0 three good bum, {instame hogse, three-ermine; are instantaneous, sure.





nted. flammiwggm we will offer to our subscribers at $1,





The $2 size





“Wuhan Mi ‘0‘“. or six for 85, while they last.





' o o .

i. a... a a... a... affirm 3m "in. Enigma mugging...“ The , Michigan F armor,





Maltese, Ohio.





 





Detroit, Michicln '





m
//j\\:..





   





 

   





You Can’t Find their

Equal at this Price!





Good, sturdy hosiery for every

member of the family at 10, 15

and 25 cents. Our location and

manufacturing economies enable us

to sell Durham Hosiery for a price

that makes home sock knitting

expensive.





DURABLE

DURHAM HOSIERY





lion MEN. WOMEN AND CHILDREB.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





   





is knit strongest where the greatest

wear comes. Heels, soles and toes

are reinforced, and tops can’t pull

from the bottoms. Famous Durham

dyes give permanent colors.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





Durable Durham Hosiery must give

every member of the family fault-

less service, because they’re backed

with an unlimited guarantee of per-

fect satisfaction.



Ask your Storekeeper for

Durable Durham Hosiery,





and to show you the 250

Durham mercerized hose.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   





 

   





 

 





Tells the Story





of Western Canada’s Rapid Progress





The heavy crops in Western _Canada have caused new

records to be made in the handling of grains by railroads.

For while the movement of these heavy shipments has

been wonderfully rapid, the resources of the different

roads. despite enlarged equipments and increased facili-

ties, have been strained as never before, and preVious

records have thus been broken in all directions.

The largest Canadian wheat shipments through New York

ever known are reported for the period up to October 15th,





upwards offour and a quarter million bushels being exported in less than six weeks.





and this was but the overflow of shipments to Montreal, through which point ship-

.3 ments were much larger than to New York. .

Yields as hi h as 60 bushels of wheat per acre are reported from all parts of the

country: whi e yields of 45 bushels per acre are common.

Thousands of American farmers have taken part in this wonderful production. Land

'ces are still low and free homestead lands are easily secured in g

”$5‘dlcnlities. convenient to churches, schools markets. railways,





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 

   

   





   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 

 





- 2 There is no war tax on land an no conscription.

' \ Write for illustrated pamphlet, reduced railroad rates

and other information to





M. V. MclNNES,

178 Jefferson Ave. Detroit. Mich.





Canadian Government Agent. ’





 





 

   

   

   





   





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





No Passports are Necessary to Enter Canada.





Ann“ BEST BLOOM





Galvanized ShEBtS





Unequaled for Culverts, F lumes, Tanks, Roofing and Sid' . '

APO_LLO Sheets made from KEYSTONE Copper Steel :35 5'7'?’

the highest quality Galvanized Sheets manufactured. "in“





Through the use of Apollo Products, you may have farm buildin s that are neat as



ctr-not and reasonable in cont. Formed in all standard pattelgnfl. APOLLO-kgflYb’Sg’Ofigfi

00p 1' Steel Galvanized Sheets are the most durable, rust-resistant. sheets obtainable for

Boo ng, Siding, Gutters, Culverts, Tanks, Flumes, Cistern. , Silos and all forms of exposed -

sheet metal work. Look for the stencils—APOLLO on steel sheets of regular analysis; with ,5

the KEYSTONE added when Copper Steel is used. Send for free “Better Buildings" booklet. "





AMERICAN SHEET AND 'I'IN PLATE COMPANY. Prick Bldg" Pittsburgh. Pa.





DAHLIAS





Send us one Dollar and we will ship you parcel

post one dozen of our prize Winning Dahlias in

various colors. all labeled true to name.





Baumaniis Dahlia Gardens "‘ =3

BIRMINGHAM. MIOH. -



That Protect and Pay



”$53.33 mam” wm your own woor.





tum E. Coleman. Patent Lawyer. Washingtonmx. Have it made ufllbythe only complete custom and mail





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





all files. Neat, clean,

Ornamental, conven-

ientcheap. Lasts all

can't spill or tip over;

, Inything. Guaranteed





m. or 6 sent by express

Repaid for $1.





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





REED CgI‘Y WOOL N MILLS





lbreakfast table than a fresh well_boil- success in the undertaking.





ioned mush!





« A;





. r‘emfi'smrdas m COOKING,



' , .. ‘ Yet this also "is a. skillful'proce'ss



BY CHARLOTTE BIBD- which, however excellent the quality



What is more acceptable for the of the corn meal, will bring or deny

In mush~

ed egg, and what is more wholesome? making, also, the real secret is the one

Almost any woman would resent the of the temperature of the water. Be-

implication as absurd that there is any fore a grain of the corn meal is stirred

difficulty offered by the process of in the water should be, not simmer-

boiling an egg, and yet many a. woman ing, but merrily boiling. And all the

who cooks other things well every day while the corn meal is being stirred in

for a. family does not know how. prop- the water should be kept at the boil-

erly to boil an egg. ing point. This high temperature is

Once I saw a woman plump some required to bring out both the flavor

eggs into a pan of violently boiling wal and the nutritive qualities of the corn

ter and keep them boiling at a gallop meal.

for the prescribed length of time. Now Thus, by the time the mush is thick,

this woman was an Old experienced which means not too thick, the corn

cook and one whose dishes ordinarily meal is cooked as it could not possibly

gladdened the palates of those fortu- be by any number of hours of subse-

nate enough to sit at her table. If she quent cooking on the back of the

wished to ho“ her eggs 80ft, she WOUId range. Still, much cannot be cooked

never neglect them and leave them in too thoroughly and even properly

the water too long. Nevertheless, she made mush will be vastly improved by

did 110‘; understand the SUDPOSGdlY later hours of slow cooking. But the

easy DI‘OCeSS 0f boiling an egg. BY her one real secret of successful mush-

method the whites COUld 110‘; hilt making is the temperature of water.

promptly congeal into a tough, leath- '..__.___.. _____

ery, indigestible substance while the SUGGESTED BILLS OF FARE FOR

yolks were still uncooked. THE HOME LUNCH.



To boil an egg successfully it must

be cooked slowly at a lower tempera— 1, Eggs, boiled, coddled, poached or

ture than the boiling Doillt- The eggs scrambled; bread and butter; spinach

should be put into plenty of boiling or other greens; cake.

water, covered closely and then push— 2_ Beef stew with vegetables; milk;

ed back on the stove where they will crisp, thin tea biscuits; honey.

stay hot but not boil. At the end of 3_ Dried bean or pea. puree; toast;

six minutes the eggs will be cooked baked apple; cookies.

soft. If they are desired very soft, 4. Vegetable-milk soup; zwieback;

the time should be shortened. To cook rice with maple sugar and butter 01.

them hard they should be allowed to with milk or cream.

remain in the water for 35 minutes 5_ Potato chowder; crackers; jelly

and then be put into cold water. sandwiches. _ '



By this slower process the eggs will 6. Cold meat; creamed potatoes;

cook evenly, the yolks with the whites, peas; bread and butter; frozen custard

and the whites will be soft and jelly- or plain ice cream and plain cake.

like and as palatable as they are di- 7_ Lamb chop; baked potatoes,

gestible. The “1519 Of lhe egg Will be bread and butter; sliced mixed fruits;

different, because the natural flavor cookies.



Will be brought Ollt- 8. Baked omelet with spinach, kale,



Again, any woman who can boil we.- or other greens; bread and butter;

ter, is sure that she knows how prop- apple sauce; cake.

erly to boil potatoes. In fact, the boil- 9. Milk toast; string beans; stewed

ing of potatoes appears to be so simple fruit; cake.



a process as to require no skill what- 10. Boiled potatoes; codfish gravy;

ever. And yet skill is required as one bread and butter; lettuce; custard.—

cannot but recognize in the results of U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.



the efforts shown by different cooks.



For instance, potatoes should never

be put to cook in cold water. By this

process, according to those who claim

to have tested the matter in laboratory

experiments, much of the original nu-

ti‘ition'of the potato is lost and the po-

tato has no nutritious qualities which

should be lost. On the other hand, po-

tatoes should not be kept boiling at a.

gallop. Nearly every food tastes bet-

ter from being cooked slowly and po-

tatoes follow the rule. Then it is too

rapid boiling which makes them fall

to pieces in cooking. the thread.



If the potatoes are to be mashed, In working a buttonhole, fiI‘St Dllt ill

again, just a little difference' in the two or more stitches across the lower

handling will make or ruin them. They end 0f the Slit to keep it from stretch-

can be made into a soddcn, lumpy ing. Then take tWO 01' more stitches

mass to be eaten rather from a sense down the side, across the end and ul)

of duty than from inclination. Or a the other side, a Si—“E‘ehth Of an inch

very little 11101‘8 care and effort will fl‘OIll the edge, bringing the needle out

bring out these excellencics which will at starting DOiIlt. This Will strengthen

make them add to the flavors of 3.0- the bUttOHhOIG- In overcasting the





 





 





 





MAKING BUTTON HOLES.





 





To make a good buttonhole, begin

the slit about a quarter of an inch in

from the edge. Cut on a thread through

both or all thicknesses of the cloth,

making the slit the length of the diam-

eter of the button to be used. Use a.

thread a little heavier than the cloth

in which the buttonhole is worked and

of sufficient length to complete it. The

needle should be as fine as will carry





? 3 companying foods, rather than detract edges, sink the stitch a thread beyond





from them. this stranding. Four or five overcast-

First, after being “—911 cooked the ing stitches on each side are sufficient

potatoes should be carefully drained to prevent 1‘3"“ng 311d 10 keep the

and then dried and salted, if not al- strands in place.

ready salted. They cannot be mashed overcasting ShOUId JDl‘ing the needle

too finely. The milk and butter should 01” at the end 0f Slit ready to begin

be well worked in and the whole beat- working the buttonhole.



en into a white flaky mass. If desired In taking the buttonhole stitch, the

they may now be made more attrac- needle should be brought through deep

tive by being run through aricer into enough to cover all stitches that have





DAISY FLY KILLER Eltfxma‘gzg‘flg a hot dish. But this is merely a mat- been made before and prevent pulling





ter of taste. - out. When the end is reached, take

If the butter supply is short or too seven or nine spreading stitches, mak-





-‘ ”‘9“- '“‘d°°‘ "“3“" expensive, hot pork fryings poured di- ing a fan, if a rounded end is desired.

' "“"°”°“ 0' “11"“ rectly from the hot meat, will make a If a bar is used, put the needle into

”T “Wim- 50” by denl- very acceptable substitute and provide the opposite purl at the end of the slit,

i m :s a. different but agreeable flavor.

HAROLD SOMERS. 150 mm”... anon", N.Y. with the thoroughly mashed potatoes, several long stitches the length of the

will far excel the lumpy, carelessly width that the buttonhole is cut. Work

mixed potatoes, though seasoned with the bar across the end, working from

the choicest cream and butter.





This, draw the two sides together and make





. , left to right with the blanket stitch.

Then the making of plain old-fash- Finish by taking a few tiny stitches on





 





_ order woolen in in michigsn. Write for prices today.

~ lemon lichlun Farmer when writing to adverilsor: l “a City. 0'20”“, c... ‘ Mich.





How could anybody fail the wrong side—Mo. Ag. Col.





   





'to'm‘ake mush good enough to'*pass?' I





The last stitch in «





 





at,





3“,“, ..~‘ q
«EDI. ‘





 





 





 





 





 





'N the interests presumably of pub-

' lic safetylmany cities have passed



ordinances ’1 requiring the pasteuri-

zation of all milk sold at retail, within

the city, which is not produced under

special conditions and which is not bot-

lied on the farm where produced. It

has been conceded that this provision

should be allowed in the interests of

public safety. It is an admission that

present inspection methods have not

been sufliciently‘ far reaching or so

perfected as to make .it possible to ac-

cept milk on farm inspection alone.

indeed, such is; the conceded danger

from a contaminated milk supply that

even in the Association of Medical

Milk Commissioners, who consider

methods foncertified milk and meas-

ures for'the promotion of the distribu-

tion generally -o,f;certifled milk, it has





 





D w. ‘ 'RoBiSON. .





the milk after pasteurization will op-





erate more vigorously in the heated

milk than in raw milk. Therefore it

is necessary that

should be guarded in every possible

way to prevent contamination subse-

quent to its pasteurizatiOn.



Along with the process of pasteuri-

zation of milk there has been steadily

increasing the consumption of certain

raw milks such as certified milk which

is produced under special methods of

inspection on the farm and bottled on

the farm. Most physiological chemists

maintain or admit that raw milk is

more desirable for children and infants

than pasteurized milk or heated milk.

Consequently there is provision in the6

ordinance for the marketing of milk of

the certified or Class A types which is





 





produced under conditions which indi-g "





pasteurized milk“ '





been openly advocated that even in ‘cate the maximum degree of safety. l

certified milk. pasteurization should be Pasteurized Milk Deficient in Mineral’

resorted to. Matter.



That pasteurization does accomplish One of the very great criticisms

certain desirable things is evident; which has been aroused regarding the

that it fails to remedy all Of the evil use of pasteurized milk for infant feed-

conditions existing in the milk SUDDIY ing and for children, has been that it.

is fully as evident; WhiCh leads 113 to is apparently deficient in the mineral

21» consideration as to whether its ad- matter desired. There is' evidently.

vantages outweigh its disadvantages. some considerable basis for this opin~§



Flash Pasteurization. ion. One of the best evidences of this'



There are two or three methods in deficiency is shown in the fact that

vogue in the pasteurization of milk. In the Whipping principle of cream is al-

the many cases where pasteurization most entirely destroyed by the pas-I

is resorted to, for instance, in some teurization of the cream. Most of the

creameries, to make it possible to sim- milk which is pasteurized in the city

ply hold the milk and prevent its sour- will not yield a cream which will read-

ing, what is termed flash pasteuriza- ily whip except by some special treat-

tion is employed. This consists simply ment. This condition is remedied by

in raising the temperature of the milk adding a soluble salt of lime to the

nearly to boiling for an instant only, milk.

and then allowing the same to become Why Pasteurlzed Cream Does Not

rapidly cooled.- The organisms first Whip.

killed in this flash system of pasteuri- The experiment station of the Uni-

zation are the lactic organisms which versity of Wisconsin originated a pro-

promote souring in milk. The spore duct which subsequently became

forms whiCh may exist are practically known as Viscoken, which was noth-

unaltered and develop rapidly. The ing more nor less than a combination

result of the development of these of sugar and lime in soluble form,

spore organisms in the absence of the which when added to milk restored

lactic organisms is frequently the pro- to pasteurized milk the whipping prin-

motion of putrefactive conditions in ciple. It was therefore conceded that

the milk. Consequently when milk is the whipping quality of milk and

treated to flash pasteurization it is cream was in some way bound up in

very desirable that it should be con its lime salt content. It has been con-

sumed or made into a new product ceded that the condensing or evaporat-

within a very few hours after the pas- ing of milk, together with the pasteuri-

teurization. The flash paSteurization zation of milk robs the milk to a cer-

method cannot be depended upon to tain extent at least of its lime salts.





 





 





Am A

destroy pathogenic organisms in the The Only Drawback to Milk as a Food make in buying direct from my big factory where YQU can get

One great fault with milk on the your choice of 150 snappy styles at prices only a little more





. . th .

safeguard for retail milk in the city whole—the one great detracting fea- ofatrllfilghfiigfiléaelgggétgggfgzger Iwant to send youacopy





milk. It is by no means a sufficient





and decidedly should not be permitted ture from this otherwise apparently

wherethe purpose claimed for pas- perfect food product-is its low con-

teurizatlon at all is public safety. The tent of mineral matter. Children who





employment of flash pasteurization have lived beyond the natural period Vehicles are famous the world over for quality. style, comfort \M—

should be confined exclusively to cer- on a milk diet exhibit in a marked de- and service. Nearly a quarter Of a million users have been de-





tain commercial conditions where oth- gree the evil consequences of a too {fima’fflgmlgfiggsfigfigfi$9332$3358m‘ieéivlehave been building‘ I





nutrition circles is known as rickets 32- Lay-g EEO—o- M MM 2 Year Guaranle

and other bone diseases of children. and sell every buggy I build direct to the user -— cut

out all middlemen — save my customers all needless

cost. For example I offer you a genuine Split Hickory,

fully guaranteed as low as only $39.25.



‘ ‘ _ Why pay more? Why take chances wnh rigs of interior or on.

nance which requires the pasteuriza- or milk in order to build up the bone known make. Get a aenuine So





and save $20 to 840. tent Write for my big FREE CATALOG.

today. Address





what is known as the holding method who have been fed for a considerable "IE om“ GMMAGE "F6. on. veg-Ion columbus 0M0





er purposes are in view than the con- steady milk diet. This condition in

sumption of retail city milk.

The Holding Process.



Where the freedom from disease- It is figured that a child at least at the

producing organisms is the desidera— end of the tenth month, should be re-





turn, as it obviously is under an ordi- ceiving a decidedly supplemental diet

tion of the retail milk supply then structure of the body. Some children





should be required. The holding meth- period exclusively on pasteurized milk

od consists in heating the milk to a or particularly condensed milk, exhibit

temperature of from 140 to 145 degs. this same condition of mal-nutrition of

19., and holding it at this temperature the bone, which does not exist in an

for a full period of thirty minutes. If infant nourished on raw milk when

this method is properly followed out milk exclusively as a diet does not ex-

and the temperature is maintained tend beyond the ten or twelve months'

during this entire period of thirty min- period.

utes at 140 to 145 degrees, nearly all The results of infant feeding then

of the organisms present in the milk quite fully corroborates the finds as

will be destroyed and the milk at the shown by the deficiency of lime salts

end of the period will contain in com- in a milk which has been pasteurized

parison with the original 8. very few and sterilized and since the addition of

bacteria indeed. soluble lime salts to a pasteurized

Pasteurized Milk More Sensitive than milk or cream restores the condition

Raw Milk. whereby it will whip with facility, as

The weight of scientific} evidence in- it originally existed in the raw product,

dicates that milk after pasteurization it can be seen that there is some con-





 





 





“for the man who umrks"





\





SHOES that are made of honest ma-





terial and put together in an honest way are

as good as shoes can be.





To make absolutely sure that the most important

material in our shoes -- the leather-- is honest, we tan the

hides that go into Rouge Rex shoes ourselves. We select

and buy the green hides and when they have been tanned

the Rouge Rex way in the Rouge Rex tanneries, we know

the leather is what it should be. '

No other shoes have Rouge

Rex Leather in them.





Any materials we have to buy

ready-made comes from concerns

as particular as we are. The result

is. shoes as good as shoes can be.





Rouge Rex Shoe No. 450 is a

work shoe made for great comfort

and long service for the man who

works, It is a particularly good shoe

for late Spring and Summer wear.

But it is only one of many styles

you can select from the dealer's

stock.



Let us send on our booklet on Rouge





Rex shoes an tell on the name of the

nearest dealer. You ll be glad We did.





The Hirth-Krause Co.





Hide-to-Shoc Tanners and Shoe





anufacturcrs





18-5 lonia Avenue. S. W.

Grand Rapids Michigan





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





AsGood As Shoes Can Be .

ROUGE REX SHOES





 





 





Get 11‘” Buqqu Book -





BeforeYou Bu





~' Don’t buy a vehicle of any kind

until youdrop me a postal for my big free



Catalog and full particulars of my sen-

. sational price-splitting offer on World

_' famous genuine Split Hickory Buggies.

‘ . See for yourself what a saving you





   





 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





Write for it today.





3P1! T HICKORY





 

 





 





l!





   





 





 

 

 





( \





 





 

 

 

 





\.





iiiir‘ifls





lit Hickory wtbc world's best . ‘





 

 

 





. G. PHELPS. Walden!





 





 





 





AGRICULTURAL "MB ”mm“ “”1"“

. Lime and Pulverized

Limestone. also pulverized burned lime, all made from

high calcium limestone. Guaranteed tobethe bastion

the morket. hour inquiries solicited. Samplecfurn-





I ‘ Ishad on request. Northern Lime Co..Potoskcy. Mich



LASTING '

As THE F h . §EED BEANS.



EARTH as” shamanism“barn“? 23"”?





I“ . winter sand vetch 160 lb. Seed Corn and a .

aAmermm Vltrlfledficlt. 91“,“ Tile. See Will promptly return money on anv seed retunod

your public drain: are laid of this wonder

t





not satisfactory. Write to dav for price lint 24.

A. H. FOSTER. Alman. Mica.





 





c

tiles d

toben





int: ll: younelf

a l sizes-from three inch up to

the" In ptobahi a dealer in your 1914 SEED CORN. Northwestern Earns-t Dent $1

3:0' 013:0 3133:“: gm:- M10“ 5. If 2: cegrfilnation, hon? rgwg‘. 82.50 per bu. shelled.

DON'T DELAYIC“ prices. been so. upped promp . . . octet. Okelnos. Mich.





AMERICAN SEWER PIP! 00.

too so. Jmc a. JAcKlON. Ion. *





 





 





P' k t Y ll

gin gaunt, nigbgtgsgiigtmafii‘glifit

M c. 0 . . . . u o

Manson. 153-31“: Co. Farm Brigham I: R. 3.





 





 





than before. In other words, any or- in pasteurized milk a very serious

gallons which . may be alive ,in the fault is this removal of the lime salts.

(To be continued). .





Garden Cultivato .Newest,boat.

is more susceptible to germ influence slderable ground for the opinion that l‘ I M E qugmudllml‘ocihc'm,“ $1.25 “calm Circular Free. ban send r»

| ‘ '

t.





 





militar- uiy which may gain access to





 

 





col Pout. N. McASLAN, Bruce. Wig.





 





 





scallion! no . lou- o ' ' . o ‘ ‘ " h;

w to» -§-§’-'it"m. Aim-“ho- til-MPH?!-





lawmfimmkn





~
jigtumultmmuuInmmumun'niImmuumI'm'n‘imIiI11mmilmmnlillmnnnmiumum:~





g , ‘ Markets.

fin





lllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIll|IllllllIll]IIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllblllllllflllllllflll

‘GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





May 16, 1916.



Wheat—Although wheat prices have

fluctuated, they remain on practically

the same basis as prevailed a'week

ago. Both sides of the market are

finding favorable news from the pro-

ducing states. Hessian fly reports

have been sufficiently large to cause

advances, while the general rainfall

occurring this week had a depressing

effect upon values. The world outlook

however, is bullish, owing to the small

acreage seeded in Europe. On the oth-

er hand, heavy purchasing has not

been evident lately. The cash situa-

tion is weak, owing to the heavy sup-

ply of old wheat in store. The prom-

ise of a small crop, however, will tend

to support the cash market, in that

much of the 1915 crop will be needed

next year. The visible supply for the

United States decreased 1,160,000 bu.

last week. One year ago No. 2 red

wheat was quoted on the local market

at $1.55 per bushel. Last week’s quo-

tations were: '





Chicago—May wheat $11614 per bu;

July $1.171/2; Sept. $1.171/2. ,

Germ—Corn values have followed

those of wheat quite closely. Heavy

rains throughout the corn belt are de-

laying the preparation of the soil and

planting. The United States visible

supply decreased 400,000 bushels dur-

ing the week. No. 3 corn was quoted

at 761/2c per bushel a year ago. De-

troit’s quotations for last week were:





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 751,4; 78

Thursday ........... 75 7 7 1,4;

Friday ..... . ........ 741/5; 77

Saturday ............ 7 41/2 77

Monday ............. 74 7 61/2

Tuesday 74 761/;

Chicago—May corn 75c; July 74.2c;

Sept. 73c.





Oats—There has been a lack of gen-

eral demand for oats, and prices as

compared with those of a week ago

are lower. While recent rains have

benefited the crop in some sections, in

the northern districts ,the excessive

moisture has further delayed seeding

and thus contributed to the advantage

of the bulls. The early sown fields

arefhowever, looking good. The Uni-

ted States visible supply shows a de-

crease of 458,000 bushels. One year

ago standard oats were quoted at 551/20 1‘

per bushel. Last week’s Detroit quo-





Chicago—May oats 46:}4c per bu;

July 430; Sept. 400.



Rye—This market is steady and in- (

active with cash No. 2 quoted at 950





per bushel.



Beans—The local market. is firm

and higher. The demand continues

steady with offerings scarce. Immedi-





ate prompt and May shipments are

quoted at $3.95, and June $4. Chicago

market dull. Pea beans, hand-picked,

$3.85@3.95; red kidneys $4.75@5.



Clover Seed—Prime red clover and

prime alsike $8.85.



Timothy Seed.——Prime timothy $3.50

per bushel.





WA





'Vl





FLOUR AND FEEDS.

k





 





tra ore may. 2 r





 





‘ good demand continues.

are best sellers.

lower.





tras 231/20; packing stock 231,.é@24c.





an increase of 10 in price.

ceipts are quoted at 21%0; firsts 22140

per dozen.





unchanged prices.

and receipts are liberal.

21c; ordinary firsts 19@19%c; miscel-

laneous lots, cases included 19@20%c.





lower prices.

ing to quality; broilers 35@400; ducks

21@22c; geese 12@13c.





former prices are maintained. Quota-

tions for live are as follows:

17%c; ducks 16@18c; geese 10@13c;

roosters 111/20; broilers 114@1% lbs..

35c; 1@11,; lbs. 30@320. ~





Ben Davis $1.75@2.25;

$4 5





mand at prices slightly lower than

last week. Carlots on track 95c@$1

for white and 90@95c for red. At Chi-

cago the trade

weather

No Michigan stock is quoted but oth-

ers sell from 80@920 per bushel.





ing rapidly.

ported range from 28@35c.

mand is good and the situation contin-

ues to be very strong. Manufacturers

have a large number of orders, and

more are promised. Many farmers are

holding for better prices.





15c; No. 1 cured bulls 130; do. green

100; No. 1 cured calf 250; do. green

240;

$3.50; No. 2 hides 1c and No. 2 kip

and calf 11/gc lower than the above;

giggpskins, as to amount of wool, 50c





but there was a goodly number of





ing. The best potatoes were selling





tations were: at $1.10. Only a few apples were of- desirable _lots than a week .earlier,

Ng'i3 fered at around $1; lettuce $1.25; steers gomg above $9 showmg the



, Standard. W to. chickens $1.40 per pair; asparagus 75 larger part of the advance.

Wednesday --------- 481/; 47/2 @900 per dozen; eggs 250; rhubarb Hogs were in extremely animated

Thursday ----------- 48/2 47/2 100 per bunch. There was no 10059 demand last week, with local killers

Friday -------------- 43 47 hay in sight. especially lively buyers, and as after i

ffiggggy ------------ 1.5731, 331/ ‘ the Monday run of 4121025 (liiead the re-

. ............. /2 2 LIVE T C MARKETS. ceipts were greatly re uce in v0 ume,

» Tuesday ............ 461/2 451/2. S O K sellers were able to put prices up for





tle 150 cars: hogs 90 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 50 d. d.; calves 2000 head.





The demand was strong from all the

eastern buyers and the general market





erage. There was one fancy heavy load

of cattle that sold at. $10.50, but they

were

would sell at a premium on any mar—





     

 





25cj;“packing‘s‘took'21c. w - .3 . . .,;w_e‘e ‘ ‘ a

, EightéReceipts' are increasing slave» (We "quote:

ly and buyers are operating close to '

necessities, anticipating lower prices.

Price for the week, based on sales is

28c a pound. '

Chicago—The feeling is firm and

Under—grades

Prices are slightly

Extra creamery 281/2c; extra

firsts 280; firsts 27@27l/zc; dairy ex-





 





fair $6@10.50; Yearlings $9.25@9.50;

bucks $4.50’@7; handy ewes $8@8.25;





to choice $11.25@11.50;

fair $8@11; heavy $6@9.





 





Chicago.





Eggs.——Market is firm and active at May 15’ 1916'





Current re-





Chicago.—Market is ruling steady ‘at

Demand is good

Firsts 201/261)





1y about 15c higher at least.

vanced fully 15c with sales at $9.75@

10.35, making another high record.





Poultry.—Market is firm at slightly

Fowls 18@190, accord-





Chicago—The SUDDIY is large but. higher. "

Hens





as for other descriptions.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—Apples are in fair demand





No.2 No.1 and good supply. Quotations as fol- . > _



Red. White. May, lows: Baldwins $3@3.50; Steele Reds Sidesb22 steers that‘averaged 1201 lbs.

Wednesday .....1.231/, 1.18%, 1.24 $4@4.50. At Chicago the market 1s and, rought $102?- The bulk 0f the

Thursday .......1.22% 1.17% 1.231/2 active for stock which is sound. Off- 5119915 91%er bioug 1t. $8'50@9'.75'

Friday “1.22% 1171/2 123 grade stuff is hard to get rid of. N0. tiere being smaller..offer1ngs of chOice

Saturday ....... 1_23 1.18 1,231/2 1 Greenings are quoted at $2.50@3.25 beeves the.“ 11511.3! Common to fa”

Monday ........ 1.22 1.17 1.23 per bbl; Golden Russets $3@3.25; §l§§r§v§f1§1§f§d§fl$g£ gglg’élilgéefig-Zgg



1 1 ,~ . . ; . . ; - . . '



Tuesday ........ 1.23 A 1.18 /2 1.24 Baldwins $3@3 25 SDYS Sfiggéfléggs at $8.80@9.20, good to choice steers at





$9.25@9.60 and choice to fancy steers

at $9.65@10.10. Yearlings sold any-

where from $8.25@8.75 for the cheaper

kinds up to $9.50@10 for the better

class. Butchering cattle sold satisfac‘

torily, cows being taken at $5.70@8.65

and heifers at $5.75@9.50, with year-

ling heifers the prime favorites with

killers. Cutters were good sellers at

$4.90@5.65, canners going at. $3.50@

4.85 and bulls at $5.40@8.25. Year-

ling bulls went highest, and stock and

feeding bulls sold at $5.90@6.40.

Calves were marketed freely, with the

accustomed good supplies on Tuesday

from dairying districts, and there was

a good outlet at $5(1.r7.50 per 100 lbs.

for the heavier calves up to $9.25@

10.50 for attractive looking light veal-

ers. There was a good call for desir-

able stockers and feeders, with the

former going at $5.75@8.50 and the lat-

ter at $7.40@8.80. Wisconsin buyers

were looking around for fleshy, well-

bred steers of this class, and they paid

up to $8.80 for prime feeders, a new

high price for the year, two car-loads

fetching that price. Killer competi-

tion for these cattle has run them up

to prices that are extraordinarily high,

few lots selling under $7. Stock and

feeding heifers have sold at $6@6.90.

Beef and feeder cattle prices were the

highest ever known in May. Cattle

prices closed largely 25c higher for





Potatoes—Potatoes are in good de-





is quiet, the warm

is restricting the demand.





WOOL AND HIDES.





Boston—The new clip is now mov-

In Michigan prices re-

The de-





 





Hides.———No. 1 cured 17c; do. green





No. 1 horsehides $4.50: No. 2





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





The variety of offerings was small





earns on the market Tuesday morn-





 





 





all descriptions. With late prices the

highest of the season and decreasing

marketings, everything looks highly

promising for the future. The only

drawback last week was a strike of

men employed in the hog—killing de-

partment of Armour & Co., causing

their buyers to be idle part of the time.

The eastern shipping demand has been

a good deal lessened in recent weeks,

with shippers usually taking the choic-

er class of light and heavy barrows.

Saturday prices were the highest yet

recorded, with hogs selling at $9.60@

10.20 and pigs at $7.25@9.50, accord-

ing to weight. Prime heavy hogs sold

highest, with prime light about a dime

below them.



Lambs and sheep sold last week at





Buffalo.

May 15, 1916.

Special Report of Dunning & Stevens.

New York Central Stock Yards,

Buffalo, N. Y.)





 





Receipts here today as follows: Cat.-





Witli 150 cars of cattle today, there

were around 50 cars of shipping cattle.





 





'as 250 higher than last Monday’s av-





in a class by themselves and





et. We look for a fair run of cattle





Clipped -lambs:$10.75'f@'

210.90; heavy lambs $9.25@9;50; cull to





heavy ewes $7.50@8; wethers $8.50@

8.75; cull sheep $4@6.50; veals, good

cOmmon , to





Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts t'oday..14,000 32,000 12,000

Same day 1915..18,276 36,190 11,344

Last week ...... 38,028 105,283 58,941

Same wk 1915..36,715 97,732 56,318

The meager Monday cattle supply

offered today was sold quickly at an

advance of 10@200, sales looking large-

Hogs ad—





Slieep and lambs sold largely about 150





Cattle advanced last week to the

highest prices of the year, with inade-

quate offerings of the choicer class

and a strong demand for them, as well

.The Purdue

llniversity Experiment Station had a

consignment of prime steers on the

market that sold at fancy prices, com-

prising 69 steers that averaged 1098 to

1184 lbs. and sold at $9.10@9.25, be-





next Monday and a good trade, and if

they do not. have a heavy run in Chi-

cago on Wednesday and break the mar-

ket, would advise letting cattle come

right along, as these present prices

look very attractive.



We had a fair supply of hogs today,

about 90 double decks; demand good

for all classes, best grades selling 5@

100 higher than Saturday’s close, and

pigs in most cases 40c per cwt. higher

than Saturday’s best time. One or two

loads of strictly choice medium hogs

sold at $10.60, with the bulk of the

yorkers and light mixed $10.50@10.55;

pigs and lights generally $10; roughs

$9.25@9.40; stags $6.50@7.50. Every—

thing sold at the close and present

prices look plenty high to operate on.



Market was active on sheep and

lambs, with prices a quarter higher

than the close of last week. About all

sold and we look for steady to possi-





Fiour.——Jobbing lots in one—eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs, as follows: Best

patent $6.50; seconds $6.20; straight

$5.90; spring patent $6.80; rye flour $6.



Feeds—In 100—lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $24: standard middlings

$22; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$33; corn and cat chop $28 per ton.



Hay.—No. 1 timothy $22.50@23;

standard timothy $21.50@22; light

mixed $21.50@22; No. 2 timothy $19

@20; No. 1 mixed $16@16.50; No. 1



~ clover $13@14.



Chicago.——-Choice timothy hay $21@



. 22; No. 1 do $19.50@20; No.2 do

$17.50@18.50.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





. Butter.-¢The supply is large and the

market is easy at a decline of 20. Ex-





 





 





 





 





the highest prices of the season, with

continued limited supplies and a good

general. local and shipping demand,

particularly for the choicer kinds.

Shorn lambs comprised a greatly in-





 





to, ease. or , was"

domestic demand at .9 or:





and salable around $250@300, with

commercial chunks-wanted at $165

235. Wagoners were salable at $160

200 and prime expressers at$200@210.





 





Within a short time hogs have sold

on the Chicago market at the best pric-

es seen this year and at average fig-

ures of about $2 per 100 lbs. higher

than a year ago, ruling quotations hav-

ing been rarely seen in past years.

With prime hogs selling a little above

$10 per 100 lbs. and even the least de-

sirable. offerings going extraordinarily

high, there is every incentive for mak-

mg swine strictly prime before mar-

keting. There is a shortage in the

country’s supply at a time when trade

requirements are far above the ordi-

nary, due in great part to the unpre-

cedentedly large demands made con-

stantly on the packers for lard, fat~

backs and bellies for shipment to

Great Britain, France and Holland. All

kinds of provisions have followed the

same course as hogs, and everything

sells far higher than a year ago, with

late sales of pork about $6.40 a barrel

above the prices paid at that period.

As a result of the increased sales, the

stocks of provisions held in Chicago

warehouses are no larger than a month

ago, aggregating on the first day of

May, 133,843,000 lbs., comparing with

186,647,000 lbs. a year ago. Hogs ar-

riving on the market grade well on an

average, and weights are increasing



. gradually.





 





 





 





Yellow llenl Seed Born



Michigan-Grown l 9 I 4 Gran



Tested for Germination

$3.00 Per Bushel





Bags Extra at 25c each.

Quick Shipment Guaranteed.





YOUNG-RANDGLPH SEED COMPANY,





Owosso, Michigan





CheaperGasoline





luyin quantity before the rice nines ‘

and store in Greatflne Jada-ground

Tank. Copacity 57 and ll7gallous. Fire

tad ovoponhon proof. Scanners iii-us

' gump draws pint of gaso-



ne ouch stroke. Reason-

able price—lasts lifetime.

Write for circular. The

Ore-tune Mtg. 00., 31





 





   

   

 

   

 





 

 

   

   





EXPlosipn . —_ .._ 7 “mt-wnsuhuumao,

' .5hWQ-‘J.. .‘o . - f

The GASOLINE

AU I 0- 1M RECTIFIER,

gives 25 per cent





increased mileage.



‘0. or utou, ractorsjgaso ineorcoaI-oil engines.

Based on internal lubrication idea. One gal. dcliv’dallfi

AUTO-VIM (30.. Swetland Bld.. Cleveland. tho

scab. 50 bu. lo 750





SEED POTATOES m m





Sticeer bu. Prices 1’. o. b.~sacks included.

DA ID LICENHOUTS, R. 2, Whit-e Cloud, Illichigan.





$700. Oompletil reb ‘ltlf—Z- ‘

For Sale, Tractor, 1 Tim-tor Bimini'on.’ 19.3?





n]

sene or aeoline. XNoJcondition. Big Bargain.

SUMME S L_lNEN 00.. Port Huron, Mirhigan.





RUFUS B. HOLMES 00.





High and Rlopelle Sta. Detroit. Mich.





Commission Merchants





Poultry, Live. or Dressed. Dressed Hogs. ('alves,





 





Sir Walttr Ralei

free from blight 3'}:





 





 





 





 





 





creased proportion of the offerings,

these including Colorados as well as

fed western flocks. Prime light un-

shorn Colorado lambs sold up to $12.251

per cwt., marking a new high record!

Lambs and sheep closed 25@4OC high-

er for the week, woolen flocks gomg

as follows: Lambs $9.25@12.25; feed-

er lambs $10.25@11.10; yearlings $8.25

@11; wethers $8.50@9.75; ewes $6@

9.50; bucks $7.50@8.75; clipped lambs

brought $7.50@10.25’ and spring lambs

$9@13.50. -



Horses were plentier last week and

in strong demand, army horses selling

especially well. Prices remained most-

ly unchanged, with prospects for early

activity in horses ‘for the British artil-





 





 





Sheep and Eggs. Reference. Peninsular Savings

Bank, Sullivan Packing Co. Shipments Solicited.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.





 





HF, HARPSTER COMRIISSION 00., Union Stock

TYards. Toledo, 0., Sell live stock on commission,

get. highest.- prices and- best filla. Try them._ Daily

market. force of six ooks after you 1' interest.

Financially backed by over $1,000,000.





FIHMEns—We wnl pay premiums whenever pnnaibl.



above the highest: olfi eial Den-cit M arkot

quotatioeivfiitgyou; 01%ng shipped dirfitct fit] it; by 3:.

press. 1- us or n orma on. , w . any .i' .

American Butter n: Cheese 00.. Detroit. Mich.





Ship To The Old Reliable House

HAY Daniel McCaffi-ey’a Sons Co"





.._____ 623-625 wand. Bldg. Pimburlh Pa.





FRUIT gmmwfia'? .





 





 

 





the best heavy drafters Were 308223





I





~;.Ms¢..;.\.5—l.._‘M-..M4-N=vam _ ._ 3": w v ~..._,_.... -H-'“‘— - . ‘





”Vi-uh...» “





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





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"has...
“2' ‘ w , , A. .

-v -~4—~ -' H\._,w—+~.A-u_u ‘..-...... —..~.o\y-





. 'Mswlokpkfir‘ . .





 





... “A. 5..





)

l

‘ 1





 





... 1- .... 1"". a. _,_-





 





 

 





 





 





. I ‘ ,nes‘fda





"this is 1'11 . tiller '..





 





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday’s Market.

May 11, 191 .

Cattle.





Receipts 2249. There was a good fair

run in all departments at the local

stock yards this Week and nearly ev-

ery thing arrived and was yarded early,

the only straggler being a string off

the northern division of the Pere Mar-

quette which arrived at 3:00 p. m.



In the cattle division the trade was

again active and all grades brought

steady last week’s prices, the quality

was unusually good and several car-

loads brought $9 per cwt. Michigan

cows were very scarce and the few

here were of an inferior quality. Quite

a number of country buyers were on

hand after stockers and feeders and

several carloads were bought and re-

turned for feeding. The close was

steady as follows: Best heavy steers

$8.50@-9; best handy weight butcher

steers $8.25@8.50; mixed steers and

heifers $7.25@8; handy light butchers

$7697.75; light butchers $6.50@7; best

cows $6.50@7.10; butcher cows $5.50@

6.25; common cows $5@5.25; canners

$3.50@4.50; best heavy bulls $7@7.25;

bologna bulls $6@7; stock bulls $5@6;

feeders $7.25@7.75; stockers $6@7.50;

milkers and springers $40@75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mason B. Co.

1 bull wgh 1080 at $7.10, 2 do av 815 at

$6.75, 1 do wgh 1380 at $6.75, 1 do wgh

1240 at $7.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 6

cows av 1060 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 1020 at

$5, 3 do av 1073 at $7, 20 do av 1078

at $6.25, 2 do av 1075 at $6.50, 14 steers

av 904 at $8.50; to Kull 23 do av 965

at $8.65; to Bresnahan & B. 6 cows

av 1190 at $6.50; to Thompson Bros.

12 steers av 873 at $7.85, 10 do av 736

at $7.65; to Newton B. Co. 27 do av

1100 at $8.85, 5 do av 762 at $8, 1 bull

wgh 850 at $6, 20 steers av 887 at

$8.30; to Thompson Bros. 10 do av 1033

at $8.75, 23 do av 1019 at $8, 3 bulls av

823 at $6.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 10

steers av 1117 at $8.75; to Parker, W.

& Co. 2 cows av 1170 at $6, 1 do wgh

730 at $5.50, 2 do av 985 at $5.15, 2 do

av 920 at $7; to Hammond, S. & Co.

2 bulls av 1285 at‘$6.75, 1 do wgh 870

at $6.75, 7 steers av 1050 at $9, 2 do av

1070 at $8.50, 4 bulls av 1130 at $6.50,

5 do av 1004 at $5, 10 steers av 1029 at

$8.50, 4 do av 942 at $8, 14 cows av

1073 at $6.60; to Fromm 3 butchers av

870 at $6.25, 3 do av 817 at $6.25, 4

cows av 1020 at $5.65; to Garber 2 do

av 1285 at $7.25, 2 do av 1065 at $7.25.





Veal Calves.





Receipts 1132. The veal calf trade

was active and 500 higher than last

week and the quality was fair. Ship

1191‘.“ are advised not to buy bob calves

or thin heavy grades as they are being

watched closely by the meat inspector

and are sure to be condemned. Best

grades $10@10.50; medium and com-

mon $6.50@9.50.



Haley & M. sold Sullivan P. Co.

7 av 140 at $10, 6 av 140 at $10; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 12 av 160 at $10.25,

2 av 135 at $8 50,12 av 170 at $10. 25.



Erwin & S sold Parker, W & Co.

7 av 140 at $10. 25, 18 av 145 at $10.25,

2 av 115 at $10; to Burnstine 5 av 155

at $10; to Fineman 8 av 125 at $9.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 2160. The supply of sheep

and lambs on sale was common and

the general market steady. Swift &

Co. paid $9.75 for a few extra fancy

but the bulk of the good brought $9@

9.50. The close was steady. Best

lambs $9. 25@9. 75; fair lambs $7. 25@

8.25; light to common lambs $6. 75@



'fair to good sheep $6. 50@_7. 25; culls

and common $4. 50@5. 50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson Bros.

124 lambs av 65 at $9; to Sullivan P.

Co. 126 do av 65 at $9; to Parker, W.

6; Co. 84 do av 75 at $9,18 mixed av

90 at $7.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 9 sheep

av 120 at 8725,11 lambs av 63 at $8,

12 do av 55 at $8, 7 sheep av 90 at

$4. 50, 26 do av 95 at $7.13 do av 75

at $7; to Sullivan P. Co. 43 lambs av

55 at $8; to Thompson Bros. 10 sheep

av 118 at $7.15; to Sullivan P. Co. 44

lambs av 68 at $9. 50; to Swift & Co. 58

do av 80 at $9. 75, 100 do av 88 at $9.50,

143 do av 80 at $9. 75.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Parker, W.

& Co. 110 lambs av 70 at $9; to Sulli-

van P. Co. 8 shseep av 110 at $7.25, 95

do av 65 at $8



-Hogs.



Receipts 10, 734. In the hog depart-

ment the trade was very slow on Wed-

a'pd packers Would not pay ov-

er $9 0 for anything. The quality was

ay the market was

”Imsc'ls; mix'





 





corn is in progress.





 





 





Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.





Washtenaw 00., May 9.—Cool wet ‘





weather has helped pastures, meadows

and wheat, but has also delayed the

spring work. Many fields of oats are

not yet sown. Preparations are for a

large acreage of cats and corn. The

spraying of fruit trees is very general.

The spring pig and lamb crops were

large. We are getting $1.15 for milk

at receiving station. Beans $3.50; cat-

tle $7.50@8; hogs $9.25; eggs 19@20c.



Van Buren 00., May 9.—Weather is

cold and wet and no corn is planted.

Grains are looking well and hay is

growing rapidly. The majority of Or-

chards in this section are sprayed, and

fruit outlook is good. Wheat $1.10;

com 750; hay $15@18; wool 28@32c;

potatoes 75c; white beans $3@3.25;

red kidneys $4@4.25; butter 280; eggs

19c per dozen.



Mecosta 00., May 9.-—Farmers are

just finishing oat seeding. Pastures

are late; wheat short hay promising.

Some spraying has been done, and

fruit prospects are favorable. The pig

crop is small but lambs are doing very

well. Some farmers are still holding

their potatoes; the price here is 75c.

Butter-fat 37c; eggs 180; cattle $3.50

@5; hogs $9.



Branch 00., May .9.-——The season is

15 to 20 days late. Wheat looks about

80 per cent of a crop. Meadows late

but look good. About the usual amount

of spring crops will be put in. Fruit

trees are in blossom. Wheat $1.14;

corn 65c; oats 40c; potatoes 50@60c;

butter 25c; eggs 200.



St. Clair 00., May 10.——-Farmers are

busy sowing oats. Wheat and mead-

ows are looking fine, and pastures are

now fair. Spraying is general and the

fruit trees are in good shape. Most of

the farmers are buying potatoes. But-

ter-fat 35c; wheat $1.12; beams $3.40.



Cheboygan 00., May 11.-—Much stock

is already on pasture. Wheat and rye

are looking fine, except where the ice

smothered the plants. About one-third

of the cat crop is in, also a portion of

the peas. Fruit prospects are fair.

Quite a large acreage of beans will be

planted in this section. W001 300;

butter-fat 30c; eggs 18c; beans $3.25.



Emmet 60., May 8,—Cool, backward

weather has delayed spring seeding.

Winter grains, meadows and new seed-

ing are promising. Usual acreage of

cats and peas will be planted. An in-

creased interest is being taken in al-

falfa, and a large acreage will be sown.

Plenty of fruit buds are showing. But-

ter—fat. 34c; beans $2.75@3; eggs 180;

chickens 15@17c.



Eaton 00., May 11.—Winter wheat,

new meadows and pastures are look-

ing good. Some oat fields are still un-

seeded. Not much plowing done. for

corn or sugar beets. Orchards have

been sprayed for scale. Spring stock

is looking well. Wool 35c; butter-fat

300; beans $3.50: wheat $1.15; hens

and chickens 16c; eggs 190.



Ohio.



Brown 00., May 10.———Wheat and pas-

tures are looking well. There are a

good many oats sowed but are mostly

all later than common. There is some

corn planted but the most of the farm-

ers are waiting for warmer weather.

The ground was mostly plowed wet

and if a drought comes it will be hard

to get in shape. There is a good lamb

crop but only a fair ig crop. Wool

is the highest-priced In years. Wool’

35@400; butter-fat 32c; eggs 18c; but-

ter 22c.



Fairfield 00., May 11.——Wheat is in

bad shape. Perhaps it will make half

a crop. Meadows are fair; pastures

good; very little oats sown. Some

farmers are planting corn; others not

done'plowing. Fruit trees generally in

good shape with a prospect for good

crop. Spring pig and lamb crop is

fairly good. Butter-fat 35c; hogs 8%

@90; cattle 5@7%c; hay $12@14;

butter 25@35c; wheat $1.10: oats 45c;

corn 75c; chickens 160; eggs 190.



Indiana.



Elkhart 00., May 8.-——Farmers are

busy plowing for corn. More corn and

less cats will be raised this season.

Wheat and meadows are looking fine.

Fruit trees are in blossom and pros-

pects are for a good crop. More spray-

ing is being done every year. Live

stock is doing well with a good average

crop of young pigs and lambs. Roads

are in good shape although we have

been having frequent rains. Eggs 200;

butter 28c; wheat $1.14.



Wisconsin.



Jackson 00., May 9.—-Fine growing

weather at present, but April was cold

and wet, delaying all farm work. Oat





seeding about finished and early gard- s





ens planted. Cattle are out of pasture,

which is still short. Meadows and

winter grain were damaged some by

winter-killing. Fruit trees starting

well; little spraying here. About the

average pig crop with some losses re-

ported. Good demand for young pigs

at $2 3 each. Butter- fat 32c; pota-

toes 7 c; oats 45@500; plowing for





 





 





‘0 ...ml- s. .- .





sand and concrete.





cement ever manufactured.





 





It





IHRllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllllmlTHlllllllllllllullfllllllll





 





 





Medusa Cement products—Medusa Gray Portland Cement,

White Portland Cement and Medusa Waterproofing give the right te-

[. sult in all kinds of concrete construction work.





 





CONCRETE FOR

PERMAN ENCE





‘N_':'





 





‘x

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START THE NEW CISTERN AND

BARN FLOOR NOW

Now is the time to begin your concrete construction work.





Concrete feed floors, silos, cellar floors, watering troughs, etc. ,

last forever if you take care in selecting the rIght cement,





Medina





Keeps the water and dampness out of con-





Only eight pounds re-





: Medusa Waterproofing

. In powder or paste form.



cretc-—also prevents cracking and discoloration.

: quired for every barrel of cement used in the mix.





Medusa Waterproofing is a necessity in all farm concrete work—a silo

or a cistern that is not waterproof is soon useless.



F For all sorts of facings use Madam White—the first true white Portland

It is the material to use when appearance

and permanence are important considerations.





H

l, The Ready-Waterproofed Cement



We also manufacture Medusa Portland Cement (gray or white) already

:1 mixed with the rigbt proportion: of Madam Waterproofing for every job.





Ask the Medusa dealer in your neighborhood.

SANDUSKY PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY





KP“ \

)4 Semi for our free booklets. , {(135335 Room 3.1)

“How to Make Concrete '; ' .9 ' '

F Watertight". "Concrete 7 12 Fingmeem BUIldlllg

Specifications“, etc, '. Cleveland, Ohio .

It /

7L: ‘ \ ‘





 





 





 





 





$3.50 7019521





’3 Yes. I am seriously ofi’ering you $3.50

worth of valuable articles for $2.00. in or-

der to induce youA to Wear OAR HA 3

GREATEST RMER OVERALLSa

provided you will show the overalls to two

other farmers: nose I know that once

you Wear them on will never want any

other kind. So or a short while. I will

send you for $2 postpaid: -





IP-ir Indigo Blue Carlin-it Pen-er

Over all: "$1.30





Horn Handle. patent clasp

1not: ocetKn nifbouécld .......... ... .. 1.00

r e 8 Gail”

Re‘edy ize 1: en





1 Indigo Blue.28 inch 5%



Pocket Handkerchie



amStock and Account Book”



(One farmerwrote he Would not take

:10 for his it he could not getanother)



Vest Pocket Memorandum Book. . . . .05

1 Souvenir (Trusted



Total Value ................ $3. 50



Write today enclosing $2 and your leg

and waist measurements for all sizes up

to and including 42 inch waist measure.

For larger waist measure add 10c for each

additional two inches.





HAMILTON CARHARTT '





.7710 World' a Largest Manufacturer

Over-cl

ATLANTA 01:11:01:





00...... ..... .10





DALLAS





 





—Utlllty $1.50f0r

Foolpr’s Butt flocks- 33m 1.. .100

50:50' (X) form-P l£11184 (”for 5. 1Send for catalogue.





FOWLER, Hartford. Mich





Blue Andalusians and R I.

High scaring“ s. Eggs delivered 10

cents each. W. T. FRENCH, Scottville, Michigan.





IMPROVE vourpoultr). M) Young' sstraln S. C. White

Leghorns great moneimnkers. Strong. vi orous, free-

range stock. Baby chic 388110er and up. atlsfactlon

aranteed. Free catalogue W. Van A ledom Holland. Mich.





loglIorns, llaby Chicks. Prints Reduced.

O. Wheite 11.ndBrown,.l $8.pe 5i“) chicks first

SFNNYBROOK POL UL-





111 Order

TEX FERMSI Hillsdgle; Michigan





 





 





 





RHODE" ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU THP ROCKS

Allies) to 1?. lbs. d.(‘(0[(llnfl (01136951. toS1;thona

Weight. 5 to It) “111.. eggs 15 for 8100 lle 55- 33,36

Mammoth anze 'l'om 'l'urkeya B to 38 lbs. actording

to age 36 to 525,10 0388 33. A. E. Cremton. Vanar, Mltll.





ll. l, Bods, Both 60mb:,MoslPopular[$338.13





Eggs {or hst'chlng, Baby Ch lcks. Write for catalog

INIERLAKL‘S F.ARM Box 39.1a11renoe.Mich1gan





Rose Comb Brown Leghorn

2,133,310” r settin $3 per 1.00 V1. China Geese Lficents

LAUD A BETTS Hlllodnle. Mich.





 





 





 





HODE lSL AND W HITES wln '11 the National Egg

Imlng contest. Cold weather (lon' I stop them.

Eggs $1. 50. 2 settings. 32. 50. H. H Jump, Jinksun Mtch.





 





{'FF LEGHORNS ~ (10(k0rtli, hens, pens or eggs.

Anything .lllo‘ll wish in Bull l eghorrw (heat luyini

strains. Il liam Smith, l’etersbutg, \lith.





 





' —-200 Egg Strain—Eggs, chicks B

Ferns loglIoms week old pullets mm hens with

records up to 264 eggs. Prize w lnners at largest shows.

Prompt shipment, prices low quality guaranteed.

White Leghorns are best for eggs. W I: raise thousands.

Free catalog and price list given parlltHlllll'S W rite ft 1' it now.





FEMIS lEGHMI Film. 934 Halon, Brand Built. Mlch.





Heavy Winter Lnyers- 53333.? (3'5"

Leghorns, Wyckofi strain. .81.00 per 15; $3013

.50; 83. per 1(1).H.A.‘\Ia1;oonElTi.f'1.Ann Arbor. Mich‘





I FINE TIME TO B!” S. 1:. BEDS





t us sell 1011 a trio < r pen of tl1i< 1ear‘ s breeding

stockat ltull' the mile \011 [1111 at othe r times of the

year. Agond ('hnute to start nith well bred stock.

latching eggs ‘- prIte after .\l '1v 1.1tl1.t)rtler chicks

now. RI-memlut Lllla, lHatisfut-tion or \our mone1

Back. ) Bulnm k .3: Son, Battle Creek .\lit'..h R. D. (. ~





0813 (‘omh Rhodt Island lied Eggs, dnrk tolorod

matings $1. 14) pt r 1.1. H lit] 11 1 1.51.5 lining str uni

$4 pe1 100. MRS. T. A. ETT lilt liithland, Mtchigan





OSE 1111118. 1‘. R. 1 Red eggsh) I11._'Iil $1.10 per 11')





(11 20c pet egg i'1omUspH 1 '1l pens 1 or 100. H

for 511.. .11: NNIEB UELL Ann ArboIl' R. s 1113?.“





Hm comb Brown lcghornfiEotgs 55.22133? ”‘3;

Philadelphia winners. D. Elon Spotts. Hillsdule, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





0. WHITE IEGHHRNS. [nod for size. shape,’

. vigor. egg production.“ ‘1' nrs' experienceb

ing Lechorns. H-It «hing erg-- 34. .50 per 100. Baby





 





 





 





 





Chicks $10119r 100. A. U. Ht)“ Alil), Tecumseh Mich.

W. Leghorns. Lnr ge, vigorous





Tom ”arms stodk. l‘ggs 85.00 per 1(1) $1.25 per

post paid. No Chicks. Brlli't \\. Brown, lllayvllle. Mich





Wyandotte 11nd Ball‘l l R k

Bu“ each, 9 gs fot hatdhinof‘SlgngeT‘Slf‘om

Mrs. R. Vi. BLACK, Carer.N3 Michigan





leVERO GOLDEN A.\D ‘1' H11 E W Y ANDOTTFZS





Eggs from all mattings 1.. illperlf 82.50 I!) l

Julvlst .W. Biowning, R. ...Poirtland. ITCh. untl





While Huddle “3‘55. Y-f’Tsififfl‘fm ESE-311316" ‘3'

DAVID Y 20° F0r(~t 11 e , Y pallnnti, Michigan

HITE WYANDOT’I ES Eggs 81. 50 per 15.32.50





57. 00 per 100 From choice stock.

A. FRCANOKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor, Michigan.





White AExamiollu E: 1 Hall Price ”1““,23“ ...,“ ““9

YPOULTR RANCH. Marshall, Michigan.





“MEIER" PlllllllllliE BWIIDOUES a”, “3‘3“





133388200 per 15. W. 811.0017 Petersburg, Mich.





 





 





ILLIE Farmsteadw Poultry. B. P. Rockséo R. I. Reds:

.Legho 0:118. 4139

P.P. delivery free. Colon C. Lillie. Ompersulfmuwh





‘onpmc rows s2.2.lt.§...i‘"g'°t%t.m£





Special prices. M. THOMPSON, Redior . Mich.





Pile Cull :- 6. “it. Orphglmh‘ ffifiafiifil‘t‘l $1;





at dicta. ndfiscts. MR Raw

11% ore-'t‘rnm, 1133111 00k, 1111211131111.





Whiwd W1 andotte ease and baby chicks, Mammoth

Pekin duck began Zoper 11. postpald. ntlsfactlon

guaranteed. Hemlock oultry and Stdck Farm. Pro-cot thlioh.





TURKEY EGGS.





momma M am... . l

for 10 or 0.08.5.0) 111:“ a). EFmfirOAllm. 51:31:: '





 





(Additional Poultry Ads 011.118.5067”.
674—26





 

 





 





" ' 9 gmnlmmmmmmmmmuummlmmumm1mu"munumumnmmmnm!mlmnnnmnmnnmnmnmmanmmmnml"Humming

lino Iilvss Mons. . ~ . . .

I , F arm ommcrcc



i' I . ‘ E . o g

ElllIIllIllIllIlllllIiiilllllllIllIllllIIllllllIlllllllllllllIIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”HimllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlllIilllllllllllllllllllllIlllIHmIllllllllllmllllIllllllllllllllllllllli





AT





 





WHEN A





Bill RIVER SPEGIAL





Works for You

It Is Guaranteed





“With proper management to be capa-

ble of doing more and better work than

any other machine made of like size

and roportions, Working under the some

con lions and on the same job."





It is so written in your purchasing con-

tract. This clause has stood for years

and years in the selisnme words. We

believe them ourselves and We back

them up with the machine that we

build.





Willi WANTS LESS?





You can easily find out what this guaranty

means by sending for a copy of the Home Edi-

tion of the Red River Special paper. Your own

neighbors who understand have furnished the

facts for this number. Ask for a. Big Catalog,

too. Both free. A postal request will do. Just

.ign your name and address.





IIIiIIIILS 83¢le on.





(In Continuous Business Since 1848)

BUILDERS EXCLUSIVELY OP





'I'HRESH INC. MACHINERY





. Red River Special Threshen, Feeders, Wind Sloth"

Steun end Oil-Gas Traction Engine:

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Absolute Buggy

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The materials and methods employed in our own



modern fagory cai‘lhpreducel only buggies ogver:



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gurant‘ele ony our S uare Deal Buggiea and



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It is only b selling direct on onesmall profit over .



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to quote our remarkably low prices.



Illustration shows our Special Auto Seat Buggy



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Send Today for Our New Buggy Circular





and carefully compare the Square Den] Line

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771. WW" 96? 331%

m York Oblong Kansas Olly

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0

Portland, Ore.

Write to the Home Must Convenient





 





 





HE interest in co-operative en-



terprises among farmers has in-



creased wonderfully during the

past few years. The main reason for

this is that we have now successful

examples of co-operative work. We

have something tangible about which

we can speak when we talk co-opera—

tion and facts upon which we can base

our arguments on co-operation. Theory

does not appeal to the majority of peo-

ple, they have to be shown, but when

they are shown they are at once inter-

ested.



One of the co-operative associations

which'has recently done much to pro-

mote the cause of co-operation in this

state by its success, is the South Hav-

en Fruit Exchange. We have given

several accounts of its work and now

that we have a record of the past sea-

son’s business we give it to prove still

more conclusively that the principles

of cooperation are sound.





Last year, its third year, was the

most successful yet. The Exchange

has more than doubled its membership

since the date of organization, the

charter members numbering thirty-two

while the total at present is sixty-

eight. It could undoubtedly have filled

its full quota of members, one hundred,

if it had more room in its packing

house to take care of the business. Its

present quarters were taxed to the

llimit, and a large number of applica-

1’tions will have 10 remain on the wait-

;ing list until the association gets its

new $10,000 home built. This condition

lwith reference to membership is made

jmore significant by the fact that mem-

bership fees have been raised from

$100 to $150. The officers and direc-

tors of the association take the posi-

tion that a, membership composed of

serious minded men is necessary.



The loyalty of the members is one

great essential in co-operative WOrk.

A high-priced membership will tend to

keep the members loyal, but efficient

management is also necessary. That

the management of this Exchange is a,





 





 





 





Delivered .19.. FREE ,





on approval and 30 DAYS TRIAL

T If . — ’ "#97“ . Choice of

” :~-- ‘ - 94-





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





$all/[énid/ (A4.





9 Ar} {:39 reg...



’7“ L w



stun no mom sinner-songs

8!





cycles. Tires and Sundries st prices so low they (I

man you. Also pertifillers of our great new offer

to deliver you a. Ranger lcycle on one month 0 tree





Iwithouiz 3 cent or expense to you.

%- you can make money taking orders for bicy-





   





cles, tires, lamps, sundries, etc., from our big

utelog. “'0 tree. It contains "combination otters"

Intro-lining your old bicycle like new at lowest

much useful c o e tion. Send torm-





m‘ mronv ”53’ “3:31?! m' "t‘ to m No one one

You or not afford mfisy‘lflifififdgl'cir'gffi 51":

without teaming what we 91hr you. Inn-no on“.

gun BIIIIE 60.. Dell... 13-77“ OIIIBAIIO, Ill.





warren—AN IDEA:§X¥‘£.°€§"AE%§3‘§3$§1€





ou wen th. Write for





 





 





 





   





 





 





Fruit Exchange Prospcrs





greater than that handled by the indi-

vidual. “



An experiencewit’h peaches last year

shows the value of selling through an

association. One of the members who

is a very good peach grower thought

that he could sell his peaches to better

advantage than the Exchange could.

The result was that 2,500 bushels net-

ted him about $75, while another mem-





An Illinois fruit dealer was pleased

'with the pack and wishing to use the

same kind of package, asked the asso-

ciation to send him some, which it did.

Although his pack was as good his

fruit, when sold in direct competition

with that of the association, brought

only 85 cents, while that of the asso-

ciation sold for $1.25 because the

brand it was packed under had a rep-

utation. -





The Exchange is very fortunate in

having for a general manager a man

who has had years of experience buy-

ing and selling fruit, and a board of

directors, the members of which have

been successful in farming and busi-

ness. In addition to the general man-

ager a packing manager is hired dur-

ing the packing season. Last year this





r





 





Fruit is Loaded Directly into Refrigerator Cars from the Packing House.





her with peaches of no better quality

got a net of $140 from 500 bushels sold

through the Exchange.



Secretary James Nichols says that a.

central packing house is necessary for

success in the co-operative selling of

fruit, especially when perishable fruit

like peaches are handled. In packing

on the farm, even though the packing

is good, the packages have to travel

over several miles of road in the heat,

while fruit packed in the central pack-

ing house is sorted after it travels over

the road, packed and immediately put

into a refrigerator car. This insures

the arrival of the fruit upon the mar-

ket in a. much better condition. For

that reason buyers are willing to pay





Through the Use of Mechanical Sorters and Other Labor-saving Devices the

Work is Done Better and Cheaper.





good one is indicated by the fact that a premium price for association fruit.





only five of the members did not fully

support the association last year. but

every one of the five was willing to

buy barrels from the association at re-

duced prices and wanted the associa-

tion to sell their peaches when they

had difficulty in disposing of the fruit

themselves.



One reason why the people around

South Haven are loyal to the Exchange

is because they have come to realize

that as individuals they cannot hope

to compete with well organized aeso-

ciations of the west and south, good

business methods, fruit packed under a





 





" ide “waning" bridle“ ow to get. your Patent



4,. ’ nven 0 an ~

n ." RANDOLPH & 00.. PATENT

m. times. 87. WASHINGTON. D. o.





 





der which various good grades of fruit

have been packed and sold have be-

come valuable assets to the association

because an annual demand has been

created for them. The aissociation also

uses a. destructive pack in a common

package which has become a recogniz-

ed one in the markets for fancy fruit.

The package is the standard bushel

basket in which fancy apples are care—

fully packed from the bottom up. The

reason for using the basket instead of

the box was to distinguish the pack

from the large amount of western fruit

guarantee and a. volume of businessit has to come into competition with.





man incurred the enmity of members

and packers by his strictncss. On ac-

count of the large crop of peaches the

association was very careful in packing

nothing but the best. Many growers

brought down fruit which had to be

refused on account of poor duality.

But this insistance on a quality pack

brought higher prices and added great-

ly to the reputation of the Exchange

among buyers, as all of the fruit could

be guaranteed.



.To a small extent the Exchange pre-

served some surplus and over-ripe

stock. It has been very successful With

this line of work so far, and will en-

large upon this method of saving fruit

which is practically waste now, when

it gets into more commodious quarters.





The association covers the territory

within a. ten mile radius from South

Haven. One member, twelve miles

from town, crates his fruit and ships

it to the packing house by railroad.

The association also has an applica-

tion from a grower fourteen miles

from town.



The volume of business done was

about $30,000 over the year before, or

about $135,000. During the year 257

cars of apples, pears and peaches, and

23 cars of small fruit were shipped. In

addition thirty cars of supplies were

bought and sold to the members at an

increase of five per cent above the cost





price. During the winter the Exchange





also runs a beanery and does a big

business buying, sorting and selling

beans.



The South Haven Fruit Exchange is

one of the permanent institutions of

South Haven. It is a. farmers’ business

institution which will do South Haven

and vicinity an untold amount of good





Several brands or trade names 1111- by establishing a reputation and main-





     





taining a high standard market for its

soil products.

model in its plan of organization and

business management for the forma-

tion of other farmers’ co—operative or-

ganizations.





Furthermore it is a





 





- A protest is being made against a.





section‘in 'the rural credits bill now

before Congress which provides that all

attorneys, experts, assistants, clerks,

laborers and other employee, and all

registrars and appraisers of the Fed-

eral Farm Loan Board shall be ap-

pointed without complying with the ,

requirements of the civil servicelnw. . ’





   





 





 

   





 

 





ns’n.-.
«vav.





 





 





 





A New I’d





NEW idea in the solution of the by handling them. This plan does not

When a



effect this coming season in the number of farmers or fruit growers go

southern portion of Oceana county. together for the purpose of marketing

“Necessity is the mother of invention.” men with practical experience in the

Last season’ peach crop was a big one new line of work are lacking, which

throughout the United States, and it places the co—operators in an unfavor-

sold for the most part at a very low able competition at once with the deal-

Here in the “Great Peach Belt” er who is well established, has had

peaches brought less than it cost to long experience and is well informed

grow them and left nothing over to of the whole field of opportunity in his





market problem is to go into contemplate a new company.





price.





compensate for a year in which the particular line.

crop may be short, or practically a





likely’ to occur once in a generation.





fruit to rot in the orchard rather than out of it. »

to pick it and take a chance on finding Looking at the matter





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The growers who have contracted

failure, though we are glad to admit with this company have placed their

that this last named condition is not confidence in men of long and success—

‘ ' ful business experience, and it will not



But at any rate, the prices which add a care to a single one of them. All

were possible last fall, under our pres— they will have to do is to grow the

cut system of marketing, it" indeed we fruit, deliver it in good condition and

may be said to have any system, were pay the company for handling it in the

so low that many people allowed their way in which the most can be gotten





from the





If" ‘

” 40





lyel%issenger





HE PULLMAN five passenger



I cannot be compared with any



other car in the market. It is



different in many ways. It has the



fine lines, style and comfort of the



higher priced cars and the economical

advantage of a low price.





The Pullman is the largest and room-

iest car Sold at the price—l 14-inch

wheel base. Rides easy over the

roughest roads—SO-inch full canti-

lever rear springs. A good hill climber

and a pOWerful puller—32 H. P. motor.





Two. Three and Five Passenger Models





a market for it even at the nominal





prices which prevailed.





It seems to require a year like the

last one to set people to thinking. I

do not recall having heard as much concerned.

talk of forming a company .for the

purpose of co-operative marketing in

the last five years put together, as

there has been since the unfortunate





developments of last fall.





(lo-operate with Business Men.



We people of Oceana county are for-

tunate in having some business men

who have spent their entire business

lives so far in our midst, and have

made good. Everything they have—

their investments, their reputations,

their families, their homes and heir

ambitions are here. They want to

keep on doing business, and there are

not more of them than are needed.

Some of them own a canning factory

in a prosperous little village, and they

‘also buy green fruit and ship it to

some extent. Now while the fruit

growers were talking cooperation, an-

other company to handle fruit in our

midst—more competition, and more

work and worry—someone had a new

thought. “Why not use the canning

company as the new means of distrib-

uting the fruit? Why not contract

with the growers to handle'the fruit

for a stated price per bushel, canning

the fruit that could not be shipped,

and shipping that which would bring

a good price in the market ‘3" Thus if

the market became congested at any

time, and fruit could not be shipped

with a fair prospect of a remuner-

ative price, it could be put into cans

and stored, in which case it would

bring as much as any fruit disposed of

in that manner. Then, too, all the in-

ferior fruit that would not be desir-

able for shipping, could be canned,

with that which was over-ripe, and

practically everything could be saved.



What fruit is going to sell for after

it is canned is always a problem. Last

fall for a time it looked as though can-

ning peaches with a prospect of any

profit was out of the question, but sud-

denly the market took a change, and

later peaches sold faster than they

could be secured and canned. I know

one company that began canning large-

ly to help out the‘ growers, expecting

to have canned peaches around in the

way for two or three years, but who

had scarcely a can left after the first

of November.



But to return to the discussion of





”the new‘ plan. Most of the growers in





the southern part of the county have

signed an agreement to let the canning

company handle their fruit, and the

matter will be given a thorough trial.

I am not going to try to say just how

it will turn out, but it is an experi‘





, ment that will be watched with'inter—





est. In the mind of the writer the





plan has much to commend it.





Some Advantages Enumerated.

' In most places where perishable pro





 

 





be made accordingly.





be very bad.





in cold storage.





could afford to.

Help to Dodge Glutted Markets.





Experiences like these will doubt-





less create a good deal of anxiety

among the growers, and may discour-

age some of them, but matters will

right themselves later on when the

market recovers again and when the

results of the season‘s business are all

summed up, it will be seen that the

plan has something in it, it‘ we have

not guessed wrong.



In our mind, one of the advantages

of this arrangement is that it tends to

control the market in the interest of

both the producer and the shipper.

When prices are low it the fact is

known soon enough, the fruit need

not be shipped, for the company has

the option of either canning it, or put.

ting it in cold storage until prices are

better.



Another advantage is found in the

long and successful business experi-

ence of the men composing the com-

pany. They are widely and favorably

known outside by the people who buy

these goods, and thus their ability to

discover a good market in a time when

fruit is a drug in many places, will re:

suit to the advantage of all concerned.



There are yet quite a number of

growers who 'will not be likely to con-

tract with the company herein referred

to, and i have heard some talk of or~

ganizing a co-operative company among

them. Should this be accomplished,

we shall have the privilege of trying

out both plans on much the same

ground, and the results may prove of

value to the community in an educa-

tional way.



This problem of distribution is a

difficult one and is not {going to be sate

ist‘actorily solved in one year, or two.

The writer feels, however, that we are

making some, headway, and that we

should proceed carefully, conservative-

ly and steadily until our object is ac-

complished.





, W. F. Tarpon. _





 





 





doubtful side, neither the canning com-

pany nor the growers can say at this

time whether the price fixed for hand-

ling the fruit is fair to all the parties

But after the plan has

been tried during the coming season

results will show whether or not eith-

er party has an unfair advantage over

the other and if so, adjustments can

It is hardly to

be expected that the season will pass

by without some unfortunate experi-

ences. if the fruit crop should be gen-

erally large doubtless there will be

times when the market conditions will

It may not. be possible

for the company to anticipate these

conditions in time and in consequence

some fruit may be shipped that should

have been canned or held for a time

In such a case the

grower would probably receive less for

his fruit than he could have gotten by

selling it to a competing dealer, who

not knowing the condition of the mar-

ket, would pay more for it than he





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+ ‘With'the'QGrowing‘ Chicks





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Mrs. Claude Kane of Cataract, Wis.. no

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method of preventing this'disease. Mrs. Kane





H ‘giVes her experience below:





“ We have been raising chickens for the last

seven or eight years and have tried to find

something that would stop White Diarrhoea.

Have tried everything We heard or read about

but never found anything that did the work

until we sent to The Wight Company, Dept.

2513. Lamoni, Iowa, (Note the address care-

fully, Lamoni, Iowa) for their Chictone. Our

first hatching last spring was 97 chicks. They

began to die and when We got the remedy we

had only 68 left. We lost no more after we

began to use it. We never lost one out of our

second hatch of 94. Chictone is one. of the

greatest discoveries ever made for the benefit

of chicken raisers." Mrs. Claude Kane, .



Cataract, Wis.



Chictone gets results! Resolve TODAY that

you will save YOUR chicks from White Diar-

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cent. Your money back if not satisfied. There

are lots of substitutes but there’s only one Chic-

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THE WIGHT (20., Dept. 2513, LAMONI, lA.

Raise yourown lions . We start

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SPECIAL ()FFEll'G nioH. Trial Subscription lot-.1 Send

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BEES, BEE SUPPLIES, BERRY

BOXES AND SEEDS.





Send for free catalog and save freight.

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POULTRY.





‘ARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS from full blood

stock, $1.50 per 13. Have won at leading shows for

years. J. A. BARNUM, Union City. Michigan.





' from our own Bred-To-La Rin let Bar.

Ill)! chlcks red Rocks $10per 1008. C. White .eghorns

810 per 100 and S. C. BuffOrpingtons $12 per 100. atr-h-

in Eggs carefully packed $4 per 00. For further

in ormation Iwrite for our Chick Folder. RUSSELL

POULTRY RANCH. PETERSBU RG. MICE.





ARRED Rocks Parks 200 Egg Strain with records to

B 290eg m a Year-$1.50 per 15 Delivered. By Parcel

post. fired Astling. Constantine. Mich.



and Baby Chicks. Four





BARRE” ROCK EGG pullets layed 950 eggs





sh . A e o 237 e us each.

Wdzctimaoémad. rag gBenton Harbo r, Mich.





 





ARRED Rock Eggs for hatching of Brndley Bros.

strain. $1.50 per setting 13. $71.50 per settingbl) eggs.

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Ell ROCli EGGS—“‘15,“Eff‘lofi'flfiiyfif'ifia

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I ' ' Barred Plymouth

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PHER'S TRAPNEST strain of Single Comb White

IYLeghorns. Eggs {or hatching. 15. $1: 5 , $3; 100.

35; 500, $23. Thos. H. Barriers, Preston, Ohio.





OHN'B Big, beautiful, lien-hatched [Barred Rocks. Eggs,

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DAY: OLD CHICKS





80,000 for 1916 from Standard Bred S. C. White

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8. 0. WM“ lElillllllll llll 0L0 CHICKS





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Krentel Bros., East Lansing, Mich, Box 6'24.





S We ship thouaandn each season. Ten

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booklet. Freeport Hatchery. Box 12,Freeport,Mich





' . ,. W. L . .

Strong [lay Old that: $10 Psr 100. £03,, 0;};

Selected hatching eggs, $4.50 per 100 prepaid“ Guar-

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HICKS 7c and up. Barred Rock, Wyandottes. Leg-

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Circular free. Reliable Hatchery, Bchlisterville, Box 6 Pa.





' 10 cents each. Vigorous.



“ll. l-e llOl’l‘l lilllcl‘lis, $32330 lay sfock. At 11 bar-

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h tcliin from pure bred White Plymouth

E668 lgdokgand l . 0. Bull Leghorns on free range.

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' l d R. d 8.0. R.

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' Bufl‘, Barred, Columbian, Par- '

".lchlng fridge, Silver and White Rocks chlc'ks

Pekin and Rouen Ducks. Sheri- Ducklm 3

Eu: dan Poultry Yards. Sheridan, M Icli. g





 





 





hin From are bred White Plymouth

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‘ ' . FREE, FROM 3. s. Hamburgs,

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P. Rooks. White RunnerDucks, White olland

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Indian Runner ducks : panelled

._ .e . - varietv,- _$1.00 per eleven.

“‘ Ai‘T.‘ SWARTHOUT, Laingsburg. Michigan.





' re bred Rose'Comb Black

W filigrgiis. . Fine layers 81.00 per

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g





 





 





 





DEQUATE range and an abund-

A ance of suitable green feed are

important factors in the growth

and development of young chicks.

With clean yards and plenty of green

feed it is comparatively easy to work

out a. system of feeding and manage-

ment that will insure a flock of young

pullets possessing size, quality and vi-

tality. Overcrowding, careless feed-

ing and foul yards are direct causes of

more than nine-tenths of the ailments

that Check the growth and undermine

the health and vitality of young chicks.

Overcrowding is by far the most

common cause of disease and unthrift-

iness among the young chicks. 0n the

average farm no means are provided

for giving the chicks more space as

they grow and the result is that by

the time they are eight or ten weeks

old the coops are overcrowded and the

chicks become easy prey to disease

and insect pests. Every farmer who

wishes to have healthy, vigorous pul-

lets in the fall should see to it that the

growing chicks have clean, well venti-

lated, roomy coops, and that the range

is adequate to furnish green feed and

insect life in abundance.

Value of Sunshine.

Sunshine is an important factor in

keeping the yards' dry and sanitary,

but the chicks need protection from





 





variety of grains for they will go. out

in Search of worms and insects to bal-

ance up the ration. The moist feed

when fed as a part of the daily ration

should always be fed sparingly be-

cause of the tendency to become sour

andcause intestinal disorders of var-

ious kinds. As a. rule hopper-feeding

is preferable as it saves labor and

gives the chicks an opportunity to ex-

ercise their choice in their selection

of feeds. For the very young chicks

the prepared chick feeds usually give

better satisfaction than the home-mix-

ed feeds, but after they are three

months old a grain mixture of 100 lbs.

of cracked corn, 100 lbs. of wheat, 50

lbs. of kaifir corn and 50 lbs. of buck-

wheat makes an ideal ration. For the

dry mash a mixture of 100 lbs. of wheat

bran, 75 lbs. of middlings, 100 lbs. of

corn meal and 75 lbs. of beef scrap will

give good results. These mixtures can

be prepared at home cheaper than they

can be purchased in the prepared form.

Grit, oyster shells, charcoal and crack-

ed bone should be provided at all

times.



A11 abundant supply of pure, fresh

water is fully as important as the sup-

ply of food. A small stream, uncon-

taminated from sources further up-

stream is very desirable, but if sucn a

source of supply is not available, clean





 





 





A Practical and Popular





the direct rays of the sun during the

heat of the day. Damp soils where

the sunshine does not reach at some

time during the day are the source of

many diseases among poultry of all

ages. A young fruit orchard provides

almost ideal conditions for the chicks

during the summer. If natural shade

is not available one can improve con-

ditions by providing artificial sun-

shades by setting four corner~posts

about 6x10 feet apart and making a,

roof with boards, straw, cornstalks or

swale grass. Such sunshades should

be constructed in dry places and the

ground under them should be kept

sprinkled with ' lime to kill disease

germs and destroy lice and vermin.

Another important factor in main-

taining health and thrift among the

growing chicks is to remove ailing and

undesirable chicks and put them in a

yard provided for the cull stock. By

going through the flock once a week

and culling out the inferior and ailing

chicks one can dispose of them to ad-

vantage and the flock will thrive bet-

ter and require less culling in the fall.

Unless the chicks have plenty of range

it is better to separate the males from

the females when they are three

months old. This gives the pullets

more room and affords a better oppor-

tunity for them to develop rapidly.

The Feeding Problem.

Provided the young chicks are in

good healthy condition at weaning

time the feeding problem is compara-

tively easy. 'If they have an’unrestrict-

ed range or large yards there is little





 





danger ofgove‘rfeeding. if they have. a-





 





 





 





 





Type of Poultry House.





and sanitary drinking fountains will

permit access to the water and pre-

vent it from becoming fouled by the

chicks. If one has skim-milk it will

prove a valuable supplement to the ra-

tion and do away with the necessity of

buying beef scrap for the mixture to

be fed in the hoppers. Skim—milk is

the most valuable protein or meat food

10 be had on most farms.

The Matter of Housing.



Small colony houses that can be

moved easily from one part of the yard

to another give better satisfaction

than small coops 01‘ large houses. The

houses should be at least 6x8 feet and

built so as to provide good ventilation

and have large enough doors to be eas-

ily cleaned and kept free from lice and

mites. Dry, clean earth is the best





material to use on the floors and ex—'





perience shows that 1‘00515 are undesir-

able for young chicks. The dry earth

keeps down foul odors and is easily

removed when the houses are cleaned.

The 6x8-foot colony house will provide

sufficient room for 50 chicks and after

two or three cullings the number will

be reduced to about 40. As a rule the

buildings will be more serviceable if

not built on runners for the constant

racking about when moving them will

tend to make them rickety and crack

the small timbers.



Special attention should be given to

keeping clean earth on the floors of

the colony houses. By spraying the

inside once a week with crude oil and

dusting- thechicks With insect powrler'





,the mites and lice will be held in con-





trol. A;eonStant watch or the growing,





 





chicks and; giving , the" houses and

chicks immediate attention when need-

ed will reduce the losses from these

pests to a minimum. _



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





AN INSECT POISONOUS TO CHICK-

' ENS.





We have long considered that a plen-

tiful diet of insects is an assurance of

vigor and good health in chickens, es-

pecially in the case of young chickens,

as they usually make rapid growth

under such conditions. Recently, how-

ever, George H. Lamson, Jr., of the

Connecticut Agricultural College, has

published in "Science” the results of

a number of observations and experi-

ments which go to show that there is

at least one insect which is decidedly





and often even fatally, poisonous to-





this class of poultry; and a. brief state-

ment of his investigation cannot fail

to be of interest to poultrymen.



The attention of the investigator

was called to the matter by noting that

many deaths of young chickens in

June and July, the cause of which had

been variously ascribed, were always

preceded by the chicken eating freely

of a certain insect, the rose chafer. In

fact, the crop of a dead bird was usu-

ally so full of undigested insects as to

suggest that death had been due to a.

“crop bound” condition. In order to

test the matter some experiments were

made in feeding the insects to chick-

ens and it was found, indeed, that the

birds did die after eating the chafers

or if they did not die, at least showed

symptoms of poisoning. The course of

the poisoning is thus described:



“The chickens feed upon the insects

ravenously, being attracted by their

sprawly appearance and usually within

an hour after eating they assume a.

dozing attitude, later leg weakness and

the chicken usually dies within twen-

ty-four hours of having eaten these in-

sects, or begins to improve after this

time.”



In some cases death occurred as

soon as nine hours after eating the

chafers, and this early death suggested

that the cause was likely not a. “crop

bound” condition. Accordingly a num-

ber of the chafers were ground up in

distilled water and the resulting solu-

tion filtered off. When this solution,

which, of course, could not plug up any

part of the digestive tract, was fed the

chickens with a medicine dropper they

became poisoned and many of them

died. The cause of the trouble, then,

is clearly a water soluble poison found

in the body of the insects.





It was found further that 15 to 20

chafers are enough to kill a chick one

week old and that 25 to 45 of them are

necessary to kill one three weeks old.

Only a few nine-weeks—old chickens

were killed and only one succumbed

after having reached the ten-weeks’

stage and its crop when examined af-

ter death, contained 96 undigested in-

sects. Large doses of the water ex-

tract killed young chickens of consid-

erable size but did not kill mature

hens. The poison was found to be

quite as active to rabbits as to fowls.



The rose chafer feeds on a. number

of plants, particularly daisies, and es-

pecially during years when the insects

are more than usually abundant it

would seem to be wise to keep chicks

in mowed areas and away from grape

vines and flowering shrubs duringthat

portion of the year when the chafers

are found.



' H. E. MERN.





Poor growth and lack of thrift usu-

ally indicate something wrong with the

feeding. A few grains of sand during

the first few days after hatching help

to prepare thestomach for food later,

though the chick is still living on the

yolk drawn into its body just before

hatching. ‘ '



The' firs‘t‘chick feed-’Should‘ be a dry





mixture1"of'tcraeked’ grains." Cracked





.0... Wm... max: and pin-near cits





   





my-





.~ ’J‘.

d.
“I." ,,_,





 





 





. . ‘x—a





«9...— ~—





_..,¢ .—.





i

'1:

3i

‘.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Our Mottoz—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should





be first improved.”

STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





 





 





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.

Overseer—C. H. Bramble, ”Tecumseh.

Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sing. .

Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.

Treasurer—Frank Coward. Bronson.





 





‘ AMONG THE Luvs camces.





 





A Great Meeting.-—Saturday evening

May 6, was a time never to be forgot-

ten by the members of Aetna Grange

No. 810, in Mecosta county. This date

marked the close of a short member-

ship contest which resulted in the ad-

dition of over 30 new members and a

few rei'nstatements. The large class

was led into the mysteries of the first

two degrees of the Grange, the floor-

work being done with clockwork pre-

cision was witnessed by a crowd of

more than 150 Patrons from three

neighboring Granges. The word had

previously been circulated that the

initation would be carried on in a mod-

el way and the instruction in the se-

cret work according to the cipher code

to have it perfect, was given by the

writer. A banquet closed the event,

relished by the big crowd which lin-

gered long after midnight, their faces

illumined by the prevailing good fel-

lowship. About twenty automobiles

and numerous other rigs brought the

big crowd to the hall, which proved

too small for an occasion of this kind

and talkof enlarging it is in the air.

The young people with some help from

the general fund, recently bought a

new piano, which adds greatly to the

delight of our meetings. Our member-

ship now touches the 200 mark and

what‘we have done here can, with the

same effort, be accomplished else-

where—C. F. Kiefer.





Windsor Grange recently put a class

of 24 through the fourth degree with

the usual “feast” that attends those

occasions, there being 225 present.

This Grange has taken great interest

in exemplifying the degree work, spe-

cial teams having been organized and

the work given in a very creditable

manner, interspersed with very fine

floor work. During the busy months

for the farmer, Grange enthusiasm is

liable to wane. However, Windsor

Grange boasts that is is an exception,

as the lecturer, Mrs. Lou Wilson, di-

rects that some individual or individu-

als be responsible for each lecture

hour, and we have most anything in

the entertainment line that the patron

may desire, from a burlesque Grange

to grand ,Opera. On April 14 a bur-

lesque Grange was given, 15 patrons

and little folks having taken part and

while the Grange was kept in a state

of laughter most of the time many

truths were brought out showing

wherein we fail to carry to success

some of our undertakings as Granges.

Friday evening, April 28, a farce was

given by five ladies, much to the en-'

joyment, as well as amusement, of

about 125. All we have to fear now is

that some of the lyceum bureaus may

become acquainted with the fact that

such talent exists in Eaton county and

we will be sure to lose it. The funda-

mental idea underlying this “surprise

program" idea is that so many of the

members take an active part on the

programs and when all are active en-

thusiasm increases. As the member-

ship increased it became apparent that

more room was needed than the spa-

cious hall which we occupy afforded,

therefore committees have been ap-

pointed and plans are under way look.

ing forward to the owning of a real

Grange home.





COMING EVENTS.





 





 





Eaton County Pomona Grange will

meet with Northwest Walton Grange

on May 20. This will be the first Po-

mona meeting held in the New Grange

hall. It is expected that N. P. Hull,



ast mastenof the State Grange, and



r. King Will be present and discuss

Grange Life Insurance. Mrs. Charles

of Bellevue, will give a paper on the

subject, “The Greatest .Needs of Our

Time, and Woman’s Power to Meet

those Needs.” Prof. Jones, of Belle-

vue schools, will speak on the subject

of “Vocational Training.” The musical

numbers will be a violin solo by Er-

minila Ferd, With piano accompani-

t by Miss Lenora Edman; vocal



, j, V'.-George>_~fioiden and Mrs.





 





, interesting .discusiai/on followed.





 





E





S





III





5 Farmers Clubs

Milli“!Illlllllillllllllllfllllllll[WilliUWillill“llWlmilflmlfllfllllllflllflfi





Associations! Motto:

“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable





asset."





 





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





 





The Visiting Nurse.

Jerome Sherman entertained the Bur-

ton Farmers’ Club Thursday, May 4.

After the dinner and social hour Club

was called to order by Vice-President

Mrs. W. J. Brookins. Mrs. Lee, the

pisiting nurse for Shiawassee county,

was introduced. She is here represent

ing the TBC association. She is pre-

pared to visit every rural school in the

county and is willing to address any

gathering of people. Her salary is

paid through the sale of Red Cross

Christmas seals. Many children have.

this disease which may unfold prob-

ably in the prime of life. For it is at

this time that the most energy is being

used, that the death loss is heaviest.





Michigan's death loss is 2,500 per year, i





which is more than any middle west

state. Mrs. Lee examines the children

for unfolded or open cases of tubercu-

losis and she is desirous of conferring

with the parents as to the care of the

child. Her work here in this county





,

m‘n I “a





 





Mr. and Mrs.‘





 





will be much more successful if par—





ents will co-operate with her.



“The Farmer’s

Mr. Peterson believes the problem of

many farmers is the conservation of





the‘ soils or preventing our farms

from being enrolled in the roll of

abandoned farms. Owen Snyder





thinks tile drainage is another big

problem, while Mr. Vincent believes

weeds are a problem which we will

have to continually fight to solve.





The Proper Way to Test Seed

Corn.” Albert Schultz would plant the

corn which he desires to test out, in

sandy soil on the sunny side of a

building where it will have to grow un-

der the same conditions as in the field

a little later. .



“Shall we Hire the Normal Trained

Teacher for our Rural Schools?” Mrs.

Clayton Potter read a letter from the

principal of our county normal, Miss

Walsh. There was some discussion on

this subject. Some were dissatisfied

with the school room management.

Others thought the normal teachers

should be trained to use appliances

advised by the state to be used in the

rural schools such as the heating and

ventilating systems. Mrs. Lee said

from her six years’ experience in ob-

serving rural schools that time of the

schools was much happier where the

normal teacher was employed.



“If Michigan Farms were Tile

Drained could we Compete with Ohio

in Raising Corn?” 0. J. Snyder said:

“Only about one-half of Michigan rais-

es corn, yet the average is of the

whole state. The boys' clubs of Mich-

igan have raised more com per acre

than the Ohio beys. The climate of

Ohio is no better than lower Michigan.

There is no reason why lower Michi-

gan, if tile drained, (a drain every

eight or ten rods), should not equal or

exceed Ohio in raising corn.” After

the announcement of a fine program

for next month the Club was adjourn-

ed to meet Thursday, June 1, with Mr.

and Mrs. E. E. Putnam. '





The Country School.-The Conway

Handy Union Farmers’ Club met at

the home of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas

Sharp, Sr., April 29. “In what. way

may country schools better train boys

and girls for farm life?” In absence

of Ora Holmes, Mrs. Holmes opened

the subject. She said by first training

teachers, by adding course in normal

work, and organizing central high

schools. Assign a small plot of ground

to each child on school ground and

award prize for best crops grown.





Interest boys in county corn contest.





Teach them to test seeds. Provide

suitable social entertainment, and

home co-operation will do much to in

terest them in farm life. Mrs. Clay

Gordon thought fathers best teachers

to teach boys farming, and mothers

should teach girls domestic science;

make home attractive and give part-

nership interest by letting them own a

little stock.



“How can the County Fair be Im-

proved,” This subject was opened by

A. Meyer, who thought the county fair

well enough but a big improvement

for Fowlerville fair would be ditch-

ing and tile. Give better premiums on

stock to encourage more entries. An





 

   





 





Greatest Problem." .





 





 





 





 





Wall Map and Atlas.

9 .





 

 





 





3.1.1 “0"“. Flu” r. ,‘4'~ ‘-‘;;~-.'~,._ . " I, ”"/"v”\ , ' .mi «Ifinlfll

4 m” . . ’ .’ ’ ib-

'", "‘"' 'Amum’ ., . i,“ m“ ., ‘ m ,. E R - .

‘ use map.- mama-um" "4 I" '~ my 9"" AM ‘5 ' ““- -"‘.‘,"' «can.

“I." . ., . . . a! u i .

mm , hearts-"is... - J . 2w . . . .





u. 4,... u"... Lump-an, "mm."- a... m. x.“ - .wlm m .44. my»... ,





 





 





 





glmaamom. Out-win Olen! . . > "a,





 





 

 

 





   

 





 





, .md more



" ‘ ' hi all towns; a

- s... Medusa sm‘

" v and wmm. - -





   

   





l , ,‘vlap‘fl'ol' viliirtvpd'





   

 

 





 

 





. .x:

., J, l‘mfi , .7 1

\éipml Chart.

Williams" -‘ 3 u! Y’uina and

Re: the.» lur lew M (lief .;

‘ ' ' "kw-mun . a





   





 





 





 





 





This Wall Map and Atlas contains four sheets or eight pages, size 26x36

inches, fastened at the top with a metallic strip, all ready for hanging on

the wall.



The first sheet contains a fine map of Michigan, showing population

and location of principal towns and cities, according to latest census re-

turns. Shows the Congressional Districts, the Townships and the Ranges;

all the Interurban Roads and the important auto roads of the state: half—tone

portraits of all the Governors; Postal Rate table covering all the zones: a

key to Railroads and Express Companies operating over each road.



The second sheet contains a fine map of the United States; a map of

the World on Mercator’s projection; ocean routes and railroads- are shown;

tables showing the great cities of the world, together with their popula-

tion.



The third sheet shows illustrations, with descriptive matter, of the

Horse, the Cow, the Sheep, in Health and Disease. It shows the Farm An-

imal Chart in five colors; the bony structure, the muscular and the circula-

tion systems, the location and names of the vital organs of the Horse, Cow,

sheep, Hog and Fowl. it gives the symptoms of each disease and how to

treat these diseases with simple remedies near at hand. It also gives for

each animal the Standard Scale of points. One small part of the informa-

tion so carefully prepared for this chart may save you the loss of hundreds

of dollars. It gives in boiled down form a vast amount of useful and up-to-

the-minute information.



The fourth sheet contains a Map of Europe; the financial strength and

national debts of the chief powers showing the triple alliance and the triple

entente; some beautiful half-tone views of German. English and French

Battleships; the population of the Earth by races; the distance between

principal cities of Europe -





Here you have a Complete Encyclopedia of hundreds of boiled down facts.





It is worth its weight in gold. It cannot be bought in any book-store,

or through any agent. It is distributed exclusively through the Michigan

Farmer in the state of Michigan. We want every reader of the Michigan

Farmer to have one of these splendid charts.



If these maps were sold in stores,_they would cost from $1.00 to $2.00,

depending on the store. But we, buying them in so large a quantity, are

able to sell them to our subscribers for only 40 cents, delivered, all

charges paid.



When you send an order for your subscription to the Michigan Farmer

for five years at $1.50, or three years for $1.00, or one year for 50 cents, or

any of our clubbing offers, add 40 cents for the map.



Any subscriber who has his subscription alreadypaid for one or

more years in advance, may have them at the same price—40 cents.



Send all orders direct to the Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Michigan, or

through any of our agents.



Or, a map will be sent FREE for two subscriptions to the Michigan

Farmer, EITHER KIND.





 

 





BOYS WATCH.





Every boy, young or old, would be proud to carry

one of these watches. It is 16 size, with a nickel

case. Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement

with hair spring. Guaranteed by the makers and

repaired free of charge for one year, it. given ordi-

nary care. Any boy who really wants a watch can

easily earn one in one afternoon. '



The watch alone tree not sending three subscrip-



- tions to the Michigan Farmer at 150‘: each. ‘





Hun" ‘





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





     





 





 hi‘gan Farmer’s New Four-Sheet
" ' BREi-illiillS’ T'IllllEC'I‘ORY.

Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





CATTLE.

ABERDEEN ANGUS: $030.12?





ing 15 head of Choice oun: bulls. one two year old

Trojan Erica at 52111001111191. in 6 weeks. 14 head from

8 to twenty months old including the first and second

rize. Senior bull calves at the 1915 State Fair. Write

rP.1.rticulars. and co tothe farm to look our



ve r they are of the Blackbird Tro an-Ericas,





' Pride Famih 1350 nNLH .Hunters

Creek.Mich. SIDN YS ITH l‘Lalgr.





 





 





 





 





 





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





DESTABLISBED IN 1900

TROJAN- RERICAS and BLA CKBIRDS on".

Anom- bredders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





no

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





 





OR SALE-“ Angus bulls!) months and older. in-

cluding our herd busll. nAlso a few cows and heifers.

Geo. Hathaway &S Ovid. Mich.





‘ynsHmEs—One of the foremost dairy breeds. The

mosteconomicalmilk roducers. Calves

for Iaie. White Leghorn oockere a; Duro 00 Jersey

owine. Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint Michigan.





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Average yearly production 422.3 lbs. of fat, three-

fourths of them making their records as two year

olds. By the use of a pure bred sire. a big im-

provemént can soon be attained if the right

selection is made. The breeding of the Beach

Farm Herd is as good as can be found. and we

guarantee them to be. free from contagious dis-

eases and to be S8ll$f8t tor} in every way or

money refunded. Write and let us tell you about

them.





CAMPBELL fl ANGEVINE,





Coldwater. Michigan.





 





- Bull Calves for sale. May

Registered Guernse Rose breeding. Address

Clint Bishop. Watervliet. 11 ich.





 





VONDALE Guernsey bulls all sold. Sorrv to dis-

appoint those wishing oursiock. Onlv registered

bull calvesleft. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne. Mich.





 





of service age and calves from

Guernsey Bull: .1. e 1.1. r. .. breed...

'1‘. V. HICKS. Route 1. Battle Ceeek, Mich.

2Registercd Gue nse1 (‘ows 1 rade

For sale cow fibullcalvesc eapii’taken 11'

JOHN EBELS. HOLLAND. Ml ICH.. R. No.10.





 





1' Parmers' Prices Registered Guernsey Bull calves from

A.‘R. dams and dams being tested if initr sted write for

photo. breeding and price. Byers & Barnes. Coldwalsr, Iiich.





 





Gurnseys—IBull cal1 es sold. they were beauties. every

one pleased, 3 cows to freshen this month, better

write now £01 a good one. .1. M. Williams. No.Ada1ns, Mich.





GUERNSEYS





We offer a choice lot. of high grade Guerney cows and

heifers. bred to registered bulls La'lertre of Maple

Lanc.N o 2319211dSir Dena No 3617“. Prices reason-

able THE JENNINO’S FARMS. R. I. Bailey. Mich.





G U E R N 3 BY —REGIsrnnED





BULL CALVEB

Containin blood of world champions.

HICKS' GUERhfSEY FARM. Saginaw.





One yearling Bull.



cistered Guernse s: a... m... 3.11m:



vesc ors11le. Glenwood and .1 111 Rose Breeding. Special

’ piic-eforquhksale. AugustMorelocLi \VaterilieiR ..2 Mich.





Herefords——One Bull Calf.





ALLEN BROS. PAW PAW. MICH.





IIOISTEIN BULLS FOR SALE





Four of thcm from 1 ’ to 17 months old by 31 lb.

sire da'm s A. R. () Price, $100. 00m 8150. 00. i ounger

bull c1111 es from $3 '10 00 up.



BLIS VELDTF ARMS.





Do You Want A Bulfi





Ready For Service.





From a grand daughter of The King of tho

Pontiace. Sired by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow oft

World. and whose dam is a30 lb. 6% 5 fat daughter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more 30 lb.

daughters than any other living bull. If you do

write for pedigree.



Mich.





EDWIN s. LEWiS, Marshall,

FOR SALE





SOME VERY FINE YOUNG BULLS

Whose sires have as high as 81 lbs. of butter behind

them. As they are 101mg, will make a low price on

them. BIGE LOVV'S IIOLSTEI N FARMS.



BREEDSVILLE. MICH.





 





 





 





 





 





Jenison. Michigan





 





 





“T0 P N OTC ll ” flolsleins





By careful retention. for many years. of largest:



ducing females. and use of superior sires, a bree ing



herd of wonderful quailt has been established. We



are selling young bullso this“'l OP NO T'CH 'quality.



of serviceable age. at moderate rices. Inform tion



wigreesfitc. on application. cPHERSON FARMS

., Howell, Michigan.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





REG. Holstein- Freisian cows and heifers. some fresh

and some ready to freshen 8125. Reg. bulls 830 11

Frank Station. R. 3. Box 38. Howard City, Mic





Holstein-Friesian Cattle.

BART W. FAY. Mason. Michigan.





 





 





' Smos. old. Dam madeSnililbsN milk.

no: “0'3“". 8"", 18.46 lbs. butter 7d adys. Nicefiy

marked and 1161] grown. E. R. Cornell, Howell Mic





Handsome registered Hal.



Only $40 DelIvered: stein bull calf. Sire 25 lb.

butter bull. DamA. R. 0 177.62 lbs. butter All papers-

Bougemont Farms. Detroit. Mich





WANTED





Six good men to buy pure bred HOLS’I‘EIN BULL

CALVES. Good notes on a Year' a time accepted in pay-

ment. GEO. D. CLARKE. VASSAR. MICH.





 





 





[,1 l. Sale My entire herd or high grade Holstein

0 Cows and Heifers. Also one Reg. 3-yr. old

Percheron stud colt or will trade for Reg Holstein

cows Arthur N. Blrkholz. New Buffalo, Mich.





 





HOICE HOLSTEIN BULLS—all fromA. R. O. dame

Entire herd on Semi of test for yearly work. Jr.



2-1 r. -old jIIIRt finished 1"ear a record of over 15. 000 lbs.

milk. over I.0001bs butter record in mature class.0herry

Creek StockFarm. M. E Parmelle. Prop. Hilliards Mich.





F0“ SHLE Reg. Holstein females Pontiac Korndyke

and Hengerveld DeKol Breeding“h Price

tight. 1 to 5 years. John A. Rinke. Warren. ich





EXCEPTIONAI. 0PPORTUNIT. ' {517123231





yearling, high-b bred Registered Holstein heifers

eauties. $125 to $1.10 each. All pane

R0 UGEMONT FARMS. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





R .11? Holstein Bulls



e y or service. at farmers' I rices. All h e hi h

testtiilng Abolit- O. t’daughtert-i froIr’rgNG world BliAegfingASfirge,

no mg era anv price. E



Gull Lake. (Kalamazoo Co.) Michigan. M





Lilo".M Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale. Colon 0. Lillie. Coopersville. Mich.





FOR SALE—3 l

llope Farm Jerseys 1...... 2 1.... not?“ “‘3

GEORGE C. BORCK. Grand Haven. Mich.

Juicy Bulls ior Sale €323.”“i‘.5:f"‘.‘;‘éi§iii‘:i‘:.3"§t

semi-official test. 0. B. We ner. B. 6. Allegan. Mich

on: 10788, nu'lREADY hOR SERVICE. and sev-





e l E if d O l f l e

NOTTEN “Ruffle essemLA‘i'iE. $3313.13? 8





Duroc Jersey Herd“





Special Ofl'erlng of High Clan Fall Boar Piga. Breeding and Individuality good

enough for breeders who appreciate the beat.





Also some good farmer’s boars. This is the best lot of fall pigs we have ever had to offer. A cor-

dial invitation is extended to visit the farm and inspect the stock.

young Jersey bulls in Michigan we have him for sale. For further particulars. address.





Brookwater Farm, Swine Dept., Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





».¢.~.





car





If you wish one of the best





Tm r’L red shorthorn Bulls. Roan Calf 9Vmo. old

llAngus Bull calf. 8 1110. old. not reg. Priced to





move OW CflASE' 8 Stock Farm. Mariette. Mich. B. l.





Loads feeders and two load yearling steers. Also

6200“!) show you any numberl, 2 and 3 years old from

12001bs. Isaac Shanstiim. Fair-field. Iowa. R-s





HOGS.





Male and fa ale i

lloyallon Bud Berkshlm. .0... 11.1.1. ”5..., 8.1::

October boars and gilts registered with papers. Satis-

faction guaranteed. D. F. Valentine. Supt" Temperance. Mich.





 





 





 





 





1 Sows bred to farrow in April. Best.

.Iorluhire "028-01 breeding. Maple Place Farms

0. S BARTLETT. Propr. - Pontiac. Michigan





of best breedingmf \ arious ages.either



Berksnires sex all registered stock. no akin.

apecial reduced price. \Vrite iour wantsq 1c.k



itchell' s Lakeside Farms. R. 2. Bloomingdiile. Mich.





SW lGARTDALE FARM





nnunnnns on

HOLSTl-ZINS AND BERKSHIRES





Stock for sale at all times. Ber kshires of unsurpassed

quality and breeding. at reasonable prices Achoice

bull calf. nicely marked five months old site's dam

with record of over 27 pounds. Dam of call a grand

daughter of Hengcrveld De Kol Price $50. 00.





Swigaridale Farm, Peiersburg, Mich.





Bears for Sale ODCmYGarfling two 10 mos- two 6





0s, irsttlasss e1 c.

J. 11. BANGHART. East Lani-ink“. iii‘ich





11111100111511 10111: E30553?” °§1fi§ri¥db¥§$





not akin. W. C. TAYLOR. Mi an. Michigan





 





-Fall and spring pig-either sex. from

”limo 10739]: choice strains. 8. C. STAHLL iAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. Shepherd. Michigan.





Dunno urnszv starry “13.111“:





ordersfor spring pigs. E. D. Heydenberk. Wayland, Mich.





IkROl? Jere; li—Fanlcvs fall page” (either sex). .nBuf!

00 eggs per 1 S.( Lehg orne s or

15. John Mc Nicol] 11.1. Station A Ray 01%;. Migh.





—S t. b

uumc Julgcgg ep oars ready for service also open





ilts and some sousl red for .A d

Sept. 5.111113 MONROE ‘ MICH “3 an





DUROO JERSEYS ;- 1.11.0111...

present. Wm. W. Kennedy. Grass Lake. Michigan.

Dunno JERSEYS“.?..§.°1‘¥.. 21.1.!

Carey I]. Edmonda. Hastings. Michigan.

1

Duroc Jerseys £23.13 2231' iii“ “aiflfipi‘ii‘i‘bfié

bred for September arro

B. G. Keesler. N.o. 5. Cassopolis. Michigan





QBSON‘S DUROCS Combine size. quality. breed-





ing. Boars for sale. Pigs at weaning time. Re

istered Jersey bull. OrloL. Dobson. Quincy, Mic





“1:11vags Boned Durocs £3;§f‘.3°'1§0’:§. 817:1





Sping M. A. Bray. Okemos.(1ngham (‘0. ) Mich.





 





 





 





 





Grade Jersey lierd For Sale

FORTY COWS





The result of twenty years careful breedin and

selection. are now offered for sale. Individua milk

records have alunys been kept and are open for In-

spection. If interested write for articulars and if

Bo ossibie visit and examine the her and their record.



e111 ery will be made at anv time desired during the

sprin or early summer A few registered Jerseys also

for an 8. Address Geo. A True, Armada. \Iich.





Majesty Breeding

"'3 Wildwoad 1'33, "Cid 40head, tubertulIn tested

herd now on It of M test. No females for sale. Choice

giving bulls for sale from Dams that are on test for



hegister of Merit.“ rite your wants or come and see

them before liming





ALVIN BALDEN Capac. Mich.





A 10 mos. old. solid color bull now

HlIISide Farm lomys offered for sale. Dam is a R. of M.

cow with record of 3461115. of butter as a 3 yr. old. He is a

fine individual. Price right. C. &0. Decks. Ypsilanti. Mich.





R. of M. JERSEY HERD oife

"apl. lane tnlwrlulin tested cows, heifgsmfoxbiill?

and bull calves hacked by «moral generations of R:

of M. breed. 11g. It“ IN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





JERSEY BULL CALF FOR SALE





Ready for ser1 ice. M ajesty —Raleigh breeding.



Alendowland Farm. Watexmani \\ atcruiau, A1111 Arbor. .Mich,



F0“ SALEi" Our herd bull. Jacoba’ s Fairy Emanon

. re 4 .1 cars, kind. quick and sure.





\Iust be seen to be 11 preci11ted.Re11son for selling.

must change, sires..1soD'tm1 yearling bulls from him.

SMI'IH- PARKER, .No. 4, Howell. Michigan.





BIDWELL SHORTHORNS





For "Beef and Milk"

Registered bulls

S1 -ot(h— topped roans

redsandivhite for sale.

Fnim at N Y. (‘. I) )epot:

also D. T. 8'. I. R'y

Addicts li .I.Scliredsi Mn.





BIDWEH. STOCK FARM

Box 8. Tecumseh. Mich.





 





 





Albion Stamp 352670





 





 





 





OLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Nov. 8th. A nice indi-

H vlduaLwell grown, about evenly marked. His dam

and Sire’sdam have A.R.O. records that average Butter

7days24.83 lbs. Milk 563 lbs. W. B. READER. Howell. Mich.





HOLSTElN-FRIESIAN CATTLE





Herd headed by grandson of King Segis Pontiac,

and tuberculin tested annually. A few choice

young bulls from dams having official recerds .

PEACELAND STOCK FARM. Three Riven. Mich,

Chas. Peters. Herdsman. 0.1.. Brody. Owner. Port HurmuMich,





 





 





. BigR Holstein B11112 yr. old. Good breeding.

For SRIO- Reg. bulls and heifers 10 mos. old.





 





Ferd. J. Lange. Sebewulng. Mich.



$7 5 ets Hazel- let firiindson of Ma 1 crest De Kol



arthenea an Pont 1110 Mai .2 lb. Born



h.m Traces toD 9 K0] 1"] times. Dam Pontiac



Helm aria 2d. a Pontiac Korndyke. Pontiac Cornucopia and Pon-

Burke combination. M L. McLaulin. Redford .liichJ





l llavo Holstein balsam: El fiféfiffifi‘l‘ifi

' l' . or I] V us an ll'

WWW. E31300 L. Fayettcféhio. . M





 





 





Shorthorn Callie oi bollI Sex ior Sale





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





DAIRY Bred Shorthorns of best Bates strains. No

more females foi sale at any price.

.,I-Iummel Mason. Michigan.





 





 





0R Sale—12 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxualfon

Monarch 2nd. a. son ofAvondale, fromFi to 9 mes. old

John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5.. Michigan





Five cows. Ten heifers. Five bull

:lludllom callll. calves; also herd bull for sale.

Write. Wm J. Bell. Rose City. Mich.





 





Ready for service. Big

DurocJersey Boa I'S smooth len hy fellows.

Grand Chain ion blood lines. (:ilts bred or Sept far-

row. F. J. D ODT. R. 1, Monroe. Michigan.





 





Raise “Che'steiWhites gw





.Mr—g





. Like; This





\ 6h: original big producers.





HAVE started thousands of breeders on the road to



success. I can help you. nI want to Place one be from

my great herd in every commu tywhere not alrea y rep-

resented!) theseto line “early developers-ready for market at '1'!

months ollW army plan- Mwe Money from Hoge.’





a. 3. amount. a. r. n. 10 Portland, Michigan





 





Sprin i s f the best blood lines

BbCSler “halos for s lifep ’airgmnot akin.

I". W. ALEXANDER. Vassar. Mich. "





0. I. C. BRED GILTS, $1?3..a“"‘“5. 1‘5?“





J .CARL JEWETT. Mason. Mich





 





 





n

E .1



iii " lEISlfllfl



: :1 Stock For 'Sale—All

m ' ~

111



I .



..





 





Irlghlalde Farm

Grand Ledge. Mich.





l C SPRING BOARS of flood type and

‘ Red Polled bull calves.

John Berner and 8011. Grand Ledge. Mich.





o I 0. Choice serviceable boars. Choice gilts all

' sold. Fall pigs. either sex not akin. Wrile for low

..V HATT. Grass Lake. Mich.





 





 





prices and description.





 





' —A nice lot of snrin pigs. Write

0- I c. 8m". your wants Mead dgw View Stock

Farm, Holland. Michigan. R. R. No.5

0 l c Octoberboar‘:1veighingm01bs. 111.825

0 each for.A1r1lsh1pment .

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





 





I Gilts bred for May and

0- I. c. 80": lllf “Mlle. June (arrow. I prepay

express. G. P . ANDREWS. Dansville. M ichl





o I c Serviceable boars. gills bred for June

0 furrow. Booking ordei-sfornpring pigs,

no akin. H. W. MANN. onavilie. ichignn.





 





 





Shorlhorn Cows and Bulls For Sale

it. it. Station. Elsie. H. B. PETERS. Garland. Mich.

flicfll’lorn AND POLLED DURHAMS FOR SALE.





Have red roan and white Have over 100

head inberd. C. Carlson. Leroy. Mich.





0 I c s - Iambookin ordersfor Springpi

Wine- One yr. 01 Holstein bull for .

ElmerE. Smith. Redford.1\ ch





0 l c bred gillts all sold. am hoffering Sept. boars

- and 3 its. lags growth v Bones. and booki





 





Sll Till —Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

C or ll: DIG-formic M: farmer- prices. 0 W.Cr11111

m. (but. lieh. Moral B'rcedern Aua.. [chi-ice. dalieh





 





ordersforspringpia. A Barker.R1,Bélmont.Mich.

WI Oot‘. bears and its. 8 Registered

0- '- c Holstnefi Bulls sired by lb. bull.





 





Oi overleaf Stock F'ann, Monroe. Mich. No.1.





 





E Whites. _ '

Ipricesu‘nuliboarsand ial Dulcimer sex 5m

siredby Abo 2nd. thisabear' ”savour beaten

breeders young herd at every state fair we showed this

car other sires are Wonder Boy.Whitc H'ailandAiien.

{luaboar was Junior champion at Wis. Sta tate .

year. Now Mr. Buyer our pigsare all

sham ions. our price is no higher than other breeders

and e Express Co. charges just the same for a

p as it does for a good one. Get our catalog

w ere the good ones are. We are booking for Spring

pigs sired by Sch oolmaster. the highest I“priced boar of

the breed and the times 0. Champion. We .lfi-ec and ship

0. o. D. Rolling View Stock Farms, Cass City. lich.





o I c's A few bred sows to farrow In April. May

' ' and J une I haveZOlastJall boars to ofler.

also gilts Have them not akin. Allgood st t.ock



Otto B. chulze. Nashville. Mich. M mile westof depot.





a. '.0 Some Fall-ye“ «gall «cargo bred.

A. R. GRAHAM. sigh. 1111;111:211.





o ' c Sprinfllfixes. both sex. 310.“) each at weaninz

0 t1me.gorders now. Recorded free.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Julian P. Clutch, Flint. 1111.11.11. 8.





OJ. 03: Strictly Bi Typo





Four last September boars. large one fer service.

One 191 iSept. Bow ra sod Nine pigs

{gaggle falnl Due to farrow May. 10th. Will sell cheap





newiii‘i’s 1101111 111111. Marielle, 111111.. ll. 1. n. 1.

ll.B I. MC. ESeptember pl 3, mintehfm





owlerville. Michigan.





Boa rs at Half Price



We still have a few big boned, big type Poland China



boars ready for Service. weighing up to 250 lbs. notfat

eac . Registered in buyer’ s name.



registered black Percheron Stallion Zyears old 8260.“)



J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Mlch.. Bell Phone.





' Pairs and trio not aid

Big Type Poland China 0.1.11.1... 1...... n

G. W. BOLTON. Route 11. Kalamazoo Michigan.





— f

Big Typo Poland china: 5315-; 0.332231133333312

pigs. A. A. WOOD & SON. 8 inc. Michigan.





0R SALE. P. C Sows “Big Tyggg'bredm for hSept

furrow. Extra months and

April pigs. 8. 0. B. an norcas. R.W. Mills. Saline.Mich.





MY, OH MY!

What an Opportunity





Starting May lot we are going to give tothe farmers

and breeders an opportunity to get starte rted right in

the breeding industry. e are going to give you a

chance to get hold of foundation stock that will

give you a nucleus for one of the finest and best herds

in your community. We are going toshow you, as we

haviothers. that you will have greater success with

our ig type





POLAND CHINAS





than with any other breed. Write for spring piglprices.





liillcrest Farm, Kalamazoo. lliiclI.





Afew choice fall boars

lar 8| sham P- c- for service. andl boar.

Gilts for early farrow all sold. a few choicei,a lts to

farrow' 1n Aug. and Sept.. bred to black Wonder and

Oaklands Equal Jr. H. O. Swarta. Schoolcraft. Mich.





lll’flfl I? BE P c Gilts and sows. Bred for Mar. and

1





 





 

 

   





 





right good ones.





 





 





 





 





 





 





April iGarrow. Sired by Big Des

Moines g Knox Jr. .ahd Giant Defender. Bred to Big

Knox Jr Smooth Wonder 3 and Big Jumbo tourgreat-

est boars in state. Comeor write. W. E. Livingston. ParmaJlich.





BIG Tylréeoiol Poland Chinas. Hired by Big Type King.

Bour b. boar. Spridng pigs. sired by big tvpe

King, Fesenmsyer A 0nd er Jr . and Mow' 3 Big

Bone. W. Brewbaker a Sons. Elsie. Michigan.





‘ h . l .

For 8an Poland Blunts sang" 533.13.: Sgi‘sws‘ii'éfi.

P. D. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids. ieh.





 





 





 





H I d Poland Chinas. Fall and Summer Pi

CI V! 0'" Sows Bred. Eggs from big Barred Rec 9

$1 00 or 15. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Michigan.





EGISTERED Poland China Spring Bears and flows

Rat $15 each. Making thisspecial price to make room

for others. A. G. Meade. Stanton, Mich.,ColbysRanch.





 





 





l Type P.C. Sows & Gilts all sold. Have 3 extra

Wllgfl good sprIIIIIg boars. Sired by Big Defender.





HAGELS AW. Augusta. Ilichinn.





sgoliCAR Yorkshire 8““ mahk‘fi‘tseRi‘i‘s $31. 111111.

OMER. MICHIGAN.





Large Yorkshires ‘2?“





Se tembcr 9. 2s rm boars. Prices reasonable.

W.p0.08i€.nci)1te o. 1. ADA. MICHIGAN.





 





 





 





csowruv TH E Disease





PROLIFIC "MULE FOOT” assur-

PROFITABLI HOG INC





 





w: an: new acoumc onocne Iron ammo I'll.





THE CAHILL FARMS

KALAMAZOO - - - - MICHIGAN





 





 





 





l I | hf -

Yearling llanipshue Bears §§1§fl28°m§2 “Ralf,

registered. John W. Snyder,R .4. . Johns. Mich.





Bred Sows and gilts for August and

"Im‘lShlIO :Wlfle- September farrows. Spring pigs,

both sex. FLOYD MYERS, R.No. 9, Decatur. Ind.





HORSES

Registered Porcherons





Brood mares. fillies and young stallions priced

to sell.H Inn? ection invited.

l... 0.}! Eaton Rapids. Michigan





Valuable Percheron





Slallions & flares





Must be Sold to close Estate





A. A. PALMER ESTATE,

8.11. Orleans. iilch P. 0. Holding. llclI





FOR SALE m... m 0'

black reg. Percheron



mares. 4 and 6 years old, with colts 2 weeks old by



side. weight 3000 lbs. well broken and good to work.



A bargain if taken soon



WILLIAM BIRD, St. Johns. Michigan.





Parchsrons, Holsleins. has, 81110 ogshiros, lluroc:

RD. BUELL. Imira. ichiflan.





 





 





 





in) BelgisleILodVE Percheron wages: 3033.113:

him. .R. 3. Howell. Mic igan.





—- lli .M

FOR SALE lifiifiifift'flmlfift :11... ”:5

LKING £8011. Char otto.Mioh.





0R SALE: Percheron Stud 00] 11 months old,

IR pigs.‘ F.eb farrowed. sit or sex. E. '9".

ALB i‘é‘h Tekonaha. 0.1.. 00., Mich Bell Phone.





peotion invited. EL





 





 





Breeders Dhaka—“Mum $1.963





.111 y .1 1





 

   

 

 

 

 

 





 





p.
annulmumnnnuummo « 1 . . ’

00111311011119.1311 w. 0. run. v.19.





Occult Spam—I have a 12oyear-old

gelding which went lame some time

ago; , our local Vet. thought at first

that a spavin was developing, but later

somehow changed his mind thinking





 





 





. perhaps that it might be rheumatism.





This horse only shows lameness when

first taken out of stable or the first

half mile or so he travels, and I have

thought him a little worse in stormy

weather. C. E. C., Utica, Mich. —-I am

somewhat inclined to believe that your

horse is suffering from incipient bone

spavin lameness; therefore, you had

better apply tincture iodine to hook

joint every day Or two. If he entered

from rheumatism the lameness would

shift location. , '



Vaginal Hemorrhage. —-— My mare

bleeds from vagina, but shows no

symptoms of sickness. C. S. Rhodes,

Mich. —-Dissolve 2 ozs. of alum in a

gallon of tepid water and wash out

vagina; with a fountain syringe two or

three times a .week.



. Colt Born Blind. -.-—I have a colt two



weeks old that was born blind and I

would like to know if there is any-

thing I can do for her. J. E., Prescott,

Mich—Very seldom can a case of this

kind be helped; however, if you are

situated near a' competent Vet, it

would be well to consult him; how-

ever, I am' inclined to believe the colt

will always be blind and should per—

haps be destroyed.



Barren Cow.——I have a cow that

came fresh February 10, 1915, and

came in heat May 23; was bred, came

in heat again in August and then show-

ed in heat every three weeks until No-

yomber, then did not come in heat un-

til January 10, and three weeks later

came in season again, at which time I

opened her, then bred. her and she re-

mained in good condition until April

25, when she lost her calf. This is a

case that puzzles me and I would like

to have your advice. J. H. B, Siloam,

Mich. T—A cow of this kind is pretty

sure to prove unprofitable for dairy

purposes; besides, she is perhaps suf-

fering from contagious abortion. All

things considered, I believe she had

better be fatted and sold to butcher.



Caked Udder.—I have a four-year-

old cow with second calf that has a

small bunch in udder and I have been

applying fish oil'to soften it. but it

does not help. H. H. S., Sherman,

Mich. ——Appl one part iodine and nine

parts fresh- ard to diseased portion of

udder three times a week.



Chronic Indigestion. --My cows are

inclined to chew bones and decayed

w.ood J. W. G., Belleville, Mich. —-

Mix together equal parts ground gen-

tian, ginger, bicarbonate soda, char-

coal and salt. . Give each cow two ta-

blespoonfuls at a dose in feed night

and morning. Feed them a greater va-

riety of food and as soon as possible

turn them «to grass.



Stunted Pigs—We have some last

fall pigs that are only about the size

of pigs three months old, and I would

like to know the cause. W. R., Allen,

Mich—Insufficient food supply or the

improper care of your pigs is perhaps

the cause of them stunting. Feeding

them drugs will not benefit them very

much. Unless their food supply is

sufficient and nourishing. Mix togeth-

er equal parts ginger, gentian, powder-

ed charcoal and give 'each pig a tea.

spoonful at a dose in feed two or three

times a day.



_ Sows Fail to-Come in Heat.—-I .have

two sows eaCh ten months old that

have failed to come in heat. I bought

both of them last fall, and since then

they have been fed ear corn, ground

oats and skim-milk. H. L., Dearborn,

Mich—Give each sow 10 grs. of ground

nux vomica and 30 grs. of ground cap~

sicum in feed two or three times a

day. They will perha 8 both come in

heat when warm went er sets in.



Rheumatism—I would like toknow

what can be done for lambs three

weeks old that are crippled and lame

and some of them seem to be par-

alyzed. When standing they seem to

wabble, lose their balance and fall, un-

less supported. We have five that are

in this condition. M. 0., Ann Arbor,

Mich. —-As soon as your lambs are

born, apply one partooal tar diam-m

fectant and 30 parts Water to navel;

also wash the udder of each ewe be-

fore she lambs and also apply one part

coal tar disinfectant and 49 parts of

wa er.





importanceotcleaningthcndduof





atthosamctimohavlnghcrf





ewes,

lamb in a thorough? clean and dish:

footed pen. Give eac lamb onetwelfth





' of a grain of quinine and one-eighth





f a grain or sallcylate of soda at a

do tWice airing“ It is much easier to

this entmthan to treat it





 





 





» my o‘V-‘ou you



. for grub in the head of shoe.

give you my remedy—give

spOonfuls of dry flowers of sulphur;





 

 

 





other fumigating remedies.





As you doubtless know, the Danville





arm

prescribe treatment.

I will

ree tea-





this is done by placing well back in

mouth, holding head up until sheep

swallows it. Best to give one tea-

spoonful at a time. A few years ago

I had a sheep that had grub in the

head and had not been on her feet for

24 hours. I gave her three teaspoon-

fuls of sulphur in the morning and be-

fore noon she got up and moved about

six feet.

teaspoonfuls and before night she got

up again and joined the flock. A few

days later I treated a second case and

saved her. If the noses of sheep are

well tarred with pine'tar during the

month of July and August, this will

prevent grub in the head. I am 63

years old and have handled sheep ever





since I was big enough and thought.





perhaps you would be interested in

knowing about this simple remedy. F.

A. B., Pinckney, Mich.—Sublimed sul-

phur, commonly known as flowers of

sulphur, is the chief form used in vet-

erinary practice; its physiological ac

tions when given internally is laxative

and alterative. When applied exter-

nally, it is a destroyer of parasites and

it is also used to disinfect premises.

When burned and used as a deodorizer

and disinfectant it is milder than many

In young

animals sulphur is often given as a

laxative and has a good effect; how-

ever, I fail to understand how it can

have much effect in dislodging grubs

from the head of sheep—Ed



Bursal Enlargement—Weakness.——I

have a cow that has a soft puffy and

tender swelling on hind‘ leg which I

believe is a spavin and this same heif.

er had a calf six weeks ago; now she

is thin and when walking frequently

staggers. I. A. L., Reading, Mich—Rub

bunch with equal parts tincture iodine,

spirits of camphor daily, and give her

1 dr. ground nux vomica, V2 oz. ground

gentian and 2 drs. of ground red cin-

chona at a dose in feed three times a

day. Are you feeding her all the grain

and roots she will eat?



Chorea—Azoturia.—I have a mare

that had an attack of azoturia about a

month ago and it left her with paraly-

sis of the cheek and one hind leg. Her

mouth is some better but she has not

much use of her hind leg. The hip

and thigh is pretty badly sweenied. L.

W'., Stanwood, Mich.—-Rub lip with al-

cohol twice a day. Apply equal parts

of turpentine, aqua ammonia and olive

oil to sweenied thigh and hip every

two days, but before treating her, clip

hair off sweenied parts. Give her 1 dr.

ground nux vomica and 1/3 oz. ground

gentian at a dose in feed two or three

times a .day.



Tongue Loller.——Quarter Crack—I

wish someone Would tell me what can

be done to prevent a horse from hang-

ing tongue out of mouth whenever

she is driven. This is a nice young

mare and seems to have contracted

this habit lately and so far as I can

tell the habit is growing woxse. What

can be done for quarte1 crack? F. B

D., East Jordan, Mich. ——Horses that

are properly bitted before they are

broke are seldom tongue lollers. There

are many different mechanical meth-

ods of correcting this vice, a nose and

chin strap buckled snug enough to

prevent the animal opening the mouth

is one way of correcting the habit, an-

other is using a spoon-bit to prevent

the animal placing the tongue over bit

and hanging it out of mouth. An arch-

ed bar bit is also very useful. By try-

ing these different devices you will

perhaps succeed in overcoming this

vice. Thin edges of crack, relieve back

part of wall of pressure, cut through

hoof at coronet at right angles, either

with a file or red hot iron, then the

hoof will grow down solid.



Warbles.——Have a number of young

cattle that have bunches about the size

of a small marble under the skin of

their back and sides. We feed corn

ensilage, mixed hay, some corn meal,

about three parts, wheat bran two

parts, and cottonseed meal one part.

Has the feed anything to do with caus-

ing these bunches? L. ,Wheeler,

Mich. —No the feed is a very good ra-

tion for your cattle. Take a sharp pen

knife, cut through skin, squeeze out

grub, kill it, then apply boric acid or

any £05!“ home-healing remedy daily



ey will soon get well



oarer.--l have a three-year—old

mare that blows a good deal when ex-

erted, but has a good appetite and does

not appear to be sick. Is peacn butter

a proper remedy for heaves? H. F.

Mich. —Rub her throat with

can: berated oil twice a day and avoid

oodles her too much bulky food.

Peach butter will neither do a broker»

winded horse any good or any harm.



Bruised Leg. ——About ten days ago,

the front shin of my seven-year-old

horse became feverish and swollen,

but is not producing lameness. When

standing he points with his tore foot.





 

 





 





I then gave her three more,





. G Re edCl’ c l ‘

3.111). acetate of lead, 3 025.; sulphate



zinc in a gallon of waterf then add

one pint of tincture arnica and apply

to swollen leg three or four times a

day and he shOuld et well.



Film on Eye. ——1 ave a three- -year-

old colt that has been troubled with a

scum over the sight of one eye. W. G.

C., Gaines, Mich. ———Blow a small quan-

tity of calomel into eye every day or

two; or cautiously apply one part iodo.

form and five parts finely powdered

boric acid with a camel’s hair brush

two or three times a. week.





Chronic Cough. —I have a nine- year

old chunky built herse which I bought

three years ago and ever since he has

been troubled with cough while

standing in stable, but seldom coughs

when outdoors and driven. He has

been bedded with dusty pea straw late-

ly and I am suspicious that it has

something to do with making him

Worse. Is it incipient heaves, and if

so can it be permanently cured? F.

H. 0., Coleman, Mich—No person can

tell Whether your horse can be perma-

nently cured or not; however, you

have perhaps failed to properly venti-

late and let sufficient fresh air into

your stable; furthermore, the horse

perhaps has been fed too much bulky

dusty, badly-cured, non— —nutritious food,

which is an exciting cause of heaves.

Without correcting and removing the

cause of his ailment there is no use

in giving him a whole lot of drugs.

Feed mostly grain, roots and well our





ed timothy. If he is a ravenous eater

and somewhat pot-bellied, bed him

with shavings or sawdust. Give him





1 dr. fluid extract. lobelia, and 1/2 oz.

of Fowler’s solution at a dose in feed

three times a. day.





Injured Hock—I have a horse that

injured the point of hock; kicked by

another horse that wore never-slip

shoes. Immediately after the injury

a watery fluid oozed out and he was

very lame. I applied Sloan’s liniment

for two days but as he seemed to get

worse I telephoned our local Vet, who

told me to apply iodine, but the leg

kept getting worse, then I called

Vet. to see him. He prescribed an

antiseptic powder and white liniment,

but the horse is no better and I would

like your opinion. G M. P. Bear Lake,

Mich. —Dissolve 1 oz. of permanganate

of potash in a quart of clean boiled

water and apply to wound once a day.

The treatment your Vet. Prescribed

is doubtless all right and these kind

of cases should have the attention of

a Vet; however, you should understand

that many such cases are incurable.





Clinging Afterbirth.-—Last fallI purc

chased a mare which is due to foal

next May. Everyone of the three colts

she has had caused her no trouble,

but I am told she had to be cleaned;

therefore, I would like to know what

can be done to prevent a similar re.

turn. C. K., Conklin, Mich—Feed her

well, exercise her every day and avoid

having her bowels constipated at foal-

ing time; if the. afterbirth does not

come away in an hour or two, send for

your Vet. and have him clean her.





Sprained Shoulder.——Bought a three-

year-old filly a short time ago; was

lame when I purchased her; the man

I bought her f1 om said she slipped and

sprained leg last summer. J. J. S.,

Lakeview, Mich. —App1y equal parts of

turpentine, aqua ammonia and olive

oil to shoulder and sprained parts two

or three times a week.



Breeding Question—I have been a.

reader of your valuable paper for a.

number of years and have enjoyed the

veterinary department. Kindly tell me

if it will be safe to breed a 15-year-old

mare that weighs about 1400 pounds?

She has never been bred before and is

quite a roomy grade Percheron. Would

like to breed her to a Belgian stallion

that wei hs 2000 pounds. H. H., Ke-

wadin, ich.——-You need not hesitate

to breed her; however, I believe it

would be a mistake to have her very

fleshy when she foals.



Chronic Cough—I have a horse that

has been troubled with a cough all

winter and it appears to me that the

whole trouble is in his throat. The

remedies I have applied failed to help

him. H. D. Greenville, Mich—Ap-

ply equal parts tincture iodine and

camphorated oil twice a week to

throat and give 1/2 dram of fluid ex-

tract lobella and 1,5 oz. powdered lic-

orice at a dose in soft feed two or

three times a day. Don’t forget to

kee him in a clean stable, free from

to gas and let in lots of fresh air.



. ., Fosters, Mich. —-I have been

feeding my cows gentian, cooking soda,

charcoal and salt as you suggested, to

cure them of eating wood, brush and

bone, and have also fed ensilage, hay,

straw, sci-11.91am: and ground oats

twice a day, but they are inclined to

chew wood just the same «Give each

cow a dessertspoonful of hydrochloric

acid U. S. P. (diluted) in a quart of

water and mixed with each feed; and

guriahermore, continue changing their

e9 0 .





 

 

 

 





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111: BEST "1W1?





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





Ill PM ME! M Ill! lllllllll m

Gemba'ult’s





caustic Balsam





IT HAS NO EQUAL





   

     





   

 

 





 





   

 





 





 

   

   





 





 

   

 





—1 1 c t

For ingfsogt‘lieigg :hd 07.00“, 5".

healing, and for all Old and

th Sores, Brullospr

O Wounds, Felons, Reliable Remedy

Exterior Canccoro, Boil; '0',

n 0"]. an

CAUSTIO Bllgfniroim Sore Throat

Body 2° than“. Chest 0°"

' J Backache

We would say to all Neural ia

who buy it that it does .9

not contain a mid: Sprams

I mucous In on ,

and morale." ooflhom Ls":m.

can nu um I u- um ago

tonal Isa. Pcmsicni.

thoroughness wall cure D'Ph‘hefia

may a or c tonic '

ailments and it can be Sore Lungs

and. on any case that Rheumatism

"“1” 1-" “at and

In 1:: III!

' . all 51m Joints





 

 





 





 





 





 





REMOVES IIIE SDRENESS- -SIREIIBIII£IIS MUSM





Cornhill. Tex. -" One bottle Cauulo Bola-m did

my rheumatiIm more good than $1 1‘10- 00 Paid in

doctor' Ibiils.’ OTTO A. BEYER.



Mint! .60 per bottle. Sold by (inlaid-,0: cont

by on oxpressnpropnid. Write for Book lot. tflfl





I'll: UIWIIEIIE WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0-





   

   

 





 

 

 





   





 





N E WT O N ’ S "iti‘fihlti‘ofl’éfi'fl"

Some use. cured by In or 2m! 51 can.





Three cans are guaranteed to our.

III-Vol or money .rolundod.





’55 one \ I; .





\\q«

‘ \“Illl‘V - -

The original and the lip-Mo dan

Standard Veterinary Remedy for Heaven; i’ree booklet

explains fully. 84 years sale and veterinary use





CURES HEAVES III BORREBTIIIII CMlSE—

INDIGESTIOII. IT'S A BRAND CONDI-

TIONER All) WORM EXPELLER





Safe. Most economical Excellent for Cattle and Hogs.

01.00 per can at dealers, at same price by parcel post.





THE NEWTHN REMEDY 00.. Toledo. Ohio





 





 





 





60 H E A D

or STALllilllS FOR SALE





PERIHERONS. CLIBEIMLEI Ind HACKNEY:





Also 20 head of Choice Hackney.

mares with foal.





Gentlemen I got on my selling clothes.





Write . for prices.





JOHN CRAWFORD

Colby Randi, Stanton, Mich.





 





r

SHEEP.





[(011 F arms





 





Kc





 





suitors rsua ounces. xmorsncox‘. Kick '

Oxlml 0:11: A“ . 33°33“ £53335: with?“ ”“1





 





”Us“ to bi from

me swinefimg‘xzth $313133. ‘ .,





When writing to advertisers please;

mention The Michigan Farmer. \- .- ,
Added Mileage 1n these

Two Rugged Chains





By the time the two rugged anti-skid

chains of rubber running ’round the

tread are finally worn down, you have

had your mileage in full and 1liberal

measure.





Then you have the equivalent of {a

good, plain tread tire still to wear out—

for your added mileage;





 





That is why ‘Chain’ Treads give the

low mileage cost for which they are

famous.





Besidesm‘Chain’ Treads are the most

effluent, moderate-priced ant1-sk1ds

1n the world.



The ‘Chain’ is one of the five United States





‘Balanced’ Tires which meet every motoring

condition of price and use.





Ask the nearest United States Tire Dealer

for your copy of the booklet, “Judging Tires,”

which tells how to choose the particular tire

to suit your needs.





United States-fire’Company





‘Chain’ ‘Nobby’ ‘Usco’ .‘Royal Cord’ ‘Plain’

. “INDIVIDUALIZED TIRES”

Oneofthefive





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'Chain' Tread