I}: @5595 PUBLISHE § LThe Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stoek Journal in the State. i thfimfifigifl DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1916 ”cannula $2: FOR 5 YEARS. 682—2 THE MICHIGAN FARMER turn? 27, .1916- The Michigan F armer Established 1843. Copyright 1916. The Lawrence Publishing Co. Editors and Proprietors 39 to 45 Congress 8:. West. Detroit. Michigan - Tennnoxu: Mam 45%. NEW YORK OFFICE—381 Fourth Ave. CHICAGO OFFC [3—604 Advertising Building. CLEVELAND OFFICE-10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. E. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—261463 South Third St. M, ], LAWRENCE .............. . ...................... Preuidcn M. L. LAWRENCE..............“-u ....... Vice-Prefidcnt E. H. HOUGHTON ........... ................... Swan-am l. R. WATERBURY ....... .......... ...... "nun“ BURT ‘VERMUTH ......................... .. ........ Auociate FRANK A, WILKEN ......... . ............ . ........ Editors ALTA LAWSON LIT’I‘ELL ............ v ..... . ..... E, H. HOUGHTON .......................... 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The sentiment ex- pressed in our cover design is one which should incite serious thought on the part of every Michigan Farmer reader. l-‘itting as it ever is to honor our de~ parted heroes and commemorate their memory by the decoration of their gray es with the fresh spring flowers and by appropriate exercises in which the memory of their deeds may be re— called by all, especially the impression~ able school children, it is even more fitting that such observance of the day be made general this year when our great nation which they preserved is enjoying a state of peace which is at this time notable among the great na- tions of the world. The veterans of ‘61 to ’65 are rapidly passing to their last reward. Their great work is done, but still the great~ er task of preserving the integrity and restoring the amity ofvthe great na- tions of the world and insuring future generations a full measure of peace and prosperity which we. now enjoy, is at hand. In this connection every citi- zen has a duty to perform just as in- cumbent upon him as was the duty of preserving the integrity of our own nation upon the heroes of the Civil War. Nor is the course of duty as plain, while history has yet to deter mine whether the quality of our lead- ership is as wise or the fibre of our cit- izenship as strong as was the case dur« ing the years which marked that mem- orable struggle and the period of re- construction which followed it. Our faith in the advancement of civ- ilization is strong and our confidence in the quality of our citizenship and the unselfish patriotism of our leaders is great, yet to the end that this may be maintained not only for our own defense, but to succor the world in its ' hour of need, every citizen should give serious thought to his own obligations and duties as a citizen of this great free nation. The day upon which we honor our soldier dead, many of whom made the extreme sacrifice of which mankind is capable, for the preserva- tion of their country, will also be a fitting time for each of us to give ser- ious thought to our own duties in this connection as citizens of the country which they preserved. Decoration Day. Our leading article of Crop Insurance. this week presents forceful arguments for the conservation of soil moisture which may be needed at future stages of growth for the maximum develop- ment of staple farm crops. Many farm- ers may at. first thought look upon this advice as wholly out of place under ex- isting climatic conditions. It should be remembered, however, that one ex- treme quite gene ‘ally follows another, and that 'a wet Spring may be“ followed by a dry summer, when the greatest success of the season’s operations will depend upon the conservation of the moisture supply now so liberallydis. tributed over Michigan. It will be remembered by the skep- tical that last year the precipitation of moisture during the spring months was far below normal, but the unusual dis- tribution throughout the summer months has obliterated this fact front our minds, and we remember last sum- mer as an exceedingly wet season in most sections of the state. These ex- tremes may easily be reversed this year; no man can prophesy with ac- curacy what the weather conditions will be more than a few hours in ad- vance, and even then there is often a question about the accuracy of the pre- diction. Only by doing our work in such a- manner as to best provide for any con- tingency can we secure to ourselves the greatest degree of crop insurance. This involves the thorough drainage of all wet or heavy lands so as to pro- vide for the elimination of excess mois- ture, and the practice of cultural meth- ods which Will conserve needed mois- ture for the use of the growing crops in seasons of scant or poorly distribut- ed rainfall. The first Northern Northern Michigan Michigan AgricuL Agriculture. tural Congress, held at Cadillas, Mich., on May 17-18, is certain to have a. marked influence in the early devel- Opment of the agricultural possibilities of that section of the state included in the northern counties of the lower pe- ninsula and commonly spoken of as Northern Michigan. Th» congress was called at the insti- gation of county agricultural agent James I“. Zimmer, and was presided over by President Brigham, of the Vl’exford County Agricultural Bureau. A number of the leading farmers of Vl'exl'ord county, and prominent busi< ness men of Cadillac lent their active support to the movement. The active support of State Market Director MC- Bride and Dr. Mhmt‘ord, state leader in county agricultural work, was early en- listed in behalf of this movement, and both were on hand to aid in the suc« cess of the meeting, as was also as- sistant state leader C. 13. Cook, and In- dustrial Agent Hartman of the G. R. & I. Railroad. Men who have been notably suCCessful in the larger devel- opment of Northern Michigan agricul- ture in their respective communities, such as Samuel Vt'illi's, of Benzie coun- ty, and Louis P. Haight, of Muskegon county, were also present and contrib- uted not, a little to the success of the meeting. Representatives of the agri~ cultural press and agricultural organ- izers and educators from different sec- tions of the state were also present, making the personnel of the congress of a character which guarantees the soundness: of the policies advocated for the development of the great agrl< cultural resources of Northern Mich- igau. After a full discussion of the prob- lems involved, by the various speakers on the program and in the committee appointed to consider the various poian advanced, the principal recom- mendations made were embodied in resolutions submitted by the commit- tee, which recommended the free use of leguminous crops adapted to the section, particularly sweet clover and vetches where general agriculture is practiced, urged the organization of county farm bureaus in every county of Northern Michigan, pointed out the unusual advantages of this section of the state for the production of live stock, particularly cattle, and suggest- ed plans for the giving of wide pub- licity to the unquestioned advantages of Northern Michigan for the develop- ment of this line of agricultural pro. duction. The adaptability of the north- ern counties for live stock production was emphasized by Dean Shaw, of M. A. 'C., and other Speakers, while the impnrtance of county agricultural or.- .ganization along broad lines was em- phasized by M. M. Calaghan, Osceola county, who has been largely instru‘ mental in developing this type of or- ganization in his home county. The excellent foundation laid for the successful development of Northern Michigan agriculture along broad lines through the influence of this congress is indicated by the conservatism evi- denced by Northern Michigan farmers and business men throughout the de- liberations of the committee which drafted the resolutions voicing the sentiment of the congress, by whom plain statements of fact to the exclu- sion of flowery language or extrava- gant claims of guy kind were insisted upon. It was decided to hold another session of the congress at Ludington, Mich., during the autumn of the pres ent year, the exact date to be later designated. Permanent officers were elected as follows: President, A. L. Hopkins, of Manistee county; secretary, Mr. Tan- ner, of Mason county. , The work of this body so auspicious- ly begun at the recent meeting should be instrumental in directing the atten‘ tion of a class of settlers to the agricul— tural possibilities of Northern Michi- gan who will rapidly develop these now largely latent agricultural possi— bilities into a well developed and prof- itable agriculture along lines to which the section is peculiarly adapted. On one of the The Test of Adversity. many cold, wet May days which have marked the progress of the spring of 1916, one farmer was heard to ask another if he did not get discouraged over the conditions which prevailed, supplementing the question by the statement that he had become almost discouraged over the situation, as it seemed impossible to make any pro~ gross with the season's work. The other farmer replied more cheerfully than the outlook seemed to warrant that he never permitted himself to be- come discouraged over weather condi- tions or other factors which were be- yond his control, supplementing his re- ply with the statement that during the thirty-five years of his farming experi- ence there had always been a seed- time and a harvest, and that results at the end of the season were generally better than he had anticipated when spring conditions were unfavorable, so that he refused to worry or become discouraged even when the most un- favorable conditions prevailed. Upon reflection an acquaintance who overheard the conversation called to mind the fact that the farmer who re- fused to look upon the dark side of the situation was what is generally de- scribed as a successful farmer who had already earned a competence and was in the situation which, in the ver- nacular of the day, is termed as “on easy street,” while the discouraged farmer had not attained the same suc‘ cess and was more dependent upon the product of the season’s work than was the case with his more fortunate friend. At first thought it seemed that this difference in attitude of mind express ed by the two men was perhaps wholly due to the difference in their business success, but is there not just as much likelihood that this attitude of mind was the cause rather than the effect of business success upon the one hand and the lack of it upon the other? Un- doubtedly adversity is the supreme test of character. These two farmers had lived through the same seasons of favorable and unfavorable conditions, and with apparently similar opportuni- ties for the accumulation of a compe- tence. It is true, of course, that oppor- tunities along this line cannot be meas- ured accurately by the mere observer, and this may not have been actually the case, but the lesson is that nothing is gained by looking upon the dark side of life or any of its problems. Our energy may far” better be Conserved for the solution of the vexed problems which confront us than expended or weakened by vain regrets or self~cono dolence on our “ill-luck." HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK. Foreign. The European Wan—The Germans and the French continue to struggle at Verdun, and early this week both sides claimed minor gains on the front near the ‘Meuse river. Intermittent artillery engagements and aeroplane combats constituted the only actions noted on the western line outside of the Verdun sector. The Austrians inaugurated a. heavy drive against the Italian lines last, week when at seven different. points attacks were made simultane< ously. The Italians were obliged to abandon several advanced positions, but no permanently fortified lines have fallen. 0n the Russian front in Eu- rope there is nothing to report. In Asia Minor further successes by the Czar’s soldiers are published, cavalry from the advanced positions of the Russians having broken through the Turk lines and joined the English on the east bank of the Tigris river. The invaders have captured many towns. among them Ban, which enables the Russians to straighten their 200—mile line and facilitate provisioning of the men. Little headway has been made in the Mexican situation this past week. American troops are being gradually withdrawn from the interior and mass. ed' near the boundary line where the situation is so uncertain that General Funston has asked for all the available men from the coast fortifications on the Atlantic and Pacific. vRaiding part« ies appear frequently and people near the border are very much disturbed by the presence of these lawless bands. It was not generally understood that the American forces had gotten so far into Mexican territory as recent re. ports would indicate. The French minister to Roumania has asked to be recalled from his post. The reason for this request is not stated. Russia, however, views the sit- uation with, some suspicion, fearing that recent treaties with the Teutonic powers have been of a political char- acter unfavorable to the Allies. Advices state that Gottlieb von Ja. gow, the foreign minister of Germany, has been retired and the position will be filled by Prince \‘on Buelow. Abdul Hamid who was deposed as Sultan of Turkey in 1909 and taken a prisoner to Saloniki is now being held under heavy guard since a plot to lib erate him was recently discovered. It is-generally understood that an agreement has been reached between Sweden and England over detention of Swedish foreign shipping by the Brit. ish patrol boats. In reprisal Sweden held up thousands of parcels in transit from Russia to England. Controversy over the fortification of Aland Islands by Russia has also been settled in a. manner satisfactory to Sweden. National. Nine persons were killed and 38 in~ jured at. Kemp City, Okla, Sunday night when a tornado swept through the town. Twelve business houses and 60 residences were demolished. The House of Representatives last week succeeded in passing the flood control bill, rural credits legislation, the conference report on the army bill and the government. shipping bill. The Senate spent the week on the rivers and harbors measure, which carries a $43,000,000 appropriation. Unless this bill is disposed of soon. night sessions will undoubtedly be resorted to. In the Oregon primaries early re- ports indicate that Charles E. Hughes carried the state by a majority of 15.- 000 as the choice for republican candi- date for president. while Theodore Roosevelt received the vote of the Pro- gressive party for the same office. About 800 American marines were sent to Santo Domingo last week to reinforce the American troops now policing the little republic. With imports of drugs from Germany, Austria and Belgium cut off by the war, Russia is now appealing to Ameri‘ can manufacturers of chemical and pharmaceutical products to supply the urgent demand in that country for these commodities. Statistics by the State Board of Health show that during February of this year more cases of tuberculosis were reported in Michigan than ever before in the history of the state. The county tuberculosis surveys_ are ad- ding many cases to the number report- ed regularly by physicians. The sta- tistics indicate that the authorities and interested associations are locating many isloated cases of the white plague but should not be interpreted to mean that the number of cases is increasing. b MAY 27, 1916. THE MICHIGAN FARMER The Water Factor in Plant Growth HE need which plants have for water is so well understood in a general way that we seldom give it special consideration. Thus it happens that while all understand that plenty of moisture is the first and greatest need for rapid plant growth and consequent heavy crop produc- tion, comparatively few are sufficiently impressed with its importance to give it the thought and attention which would produce the most profitable re- turns. Plants vary throughout a very wide range in their moisture relations. Some plants live wholly submersed in water, while some live on the bare faces of exposed rocks. Between these two ex- tremes all degrees of adaptation are represented. Those plants which live in a moist soil and comparatively dry air are the ones of most importance to us, however, because for the most part, it is from such plants that most of the food of man is ultimately de- rived. Water an Important Element in Plants. These plants in the mature state contain a larger percentage of water than of all other substances. Roughly speaking, three-fourths of the plant substance is water. In the immature state the proportion is even greater, often ranging to nine-tenths or even more. These young parts, therefore, although of definite form, really con- tain considerably less dry matter than does milk. Moreover, the large per- centage of water is especially notice- able and especially necessary in the rapidly growing parts. In these parts it is maintained under considerable pressure which gives rigidity to the structure and enables new parts to be pushed out. To supply the water used to fill the new organs as they are pro— duced and to supply the much greater amount which evaporates, it is neces- sary that more must constantly be brought; from the soil. Before the leayes of a plant begin to wilt the growth of that plant has been checked by the lack of water. Much Moisture is Evaporated. it is possible by experiment to learn how much water is evaporated from a plant under a given set of conditions for the production of a pound of dry matter. This has been done for sev- eral of our crop plants; and the results are even more important from the standpoint of crop production than is the knowledge that mature plants con- tain a very high proportion of water. The results vary with the plants used and with the conditions under which they were grown, but they agree close- ly enough to show that under ordinary cultural conditions the amount of wa- ter transpired by plants is very large as compared with the amount of dry matter produced. Some of the values are here given: Dent corn transpires 309. 8 tons which is equal to :2. 0’4 acr e-inches of watei 1"01 each ton of thy mattei. Flint corn transpires 233.9 tons which is equal to 2.14 acre-inches of water for each ton of dry matter. Red clover transpires 4.12.8 tons which is equal to 4.03 acre-inches of water for each ton of dry matter. Barley transpires 392.9 tons which is aqual to 3.43 acre-inches of water for each ton of dry matter. ~()ats transpires 5223.4 tons which is equal to 4.76 acre—inches of water for each ton of dry matter. Potatoes transpires 422.7 tons which is equal to 3.73 acre-inches of water for each ton of dry matter. These figures are quoted from Prof. F. H. King’s book, “The Soil,” p. 155. Rainfall Influences Rapidity of Growth. The average of the values just quot- ed gives 3.92 inches of rainfall for the production of a ton of dry matter. If we assume this value to be correct and that the size of crop will increase reg- By H. E. MERN ularly with the moisture supply we should expect a yield of a little better than three tons of dry matter per acre if twelve inches of rainfall were avail- able for the use of the growing plants, and so on for other amounts of water until the supply became so great as to keep the soil too wet for best growth. These expectations are borne out, al- though perhaps not with mathematical exactness, by the results of experi- ments. In the book referred to above, mention is made of experiments made by its author in which the yield pei acre of land kept constantly under the best moisture conditions (40 per cent of saturation) was determined for dif- ferent crops. This yield was very large—never under four tons and usu- ally much larger. If our crops could have 10.12 inches of rainfall available, crops would be very large on ordinary soil irrespective of whether or not careful fertilizing and manuring schemes were followed. This is very far from saying that under such cir- cumstances it would not pay to fer- tilize and manure properly, but every farmer knows that poor soil will raise a better crop in a season of plentiful rainfall than much better soil in a dry Season. Furthermore, the United States Department of Agriculture pub- lished a few years ago a discussion of corn yields as affected by the summer rainfall. The corn yields were shown to be closely p1opoitional to the lain— lall during the g10wi11g season, espe- cially during June and July. Should Store Moisture for Time of Need. We have said that if the growing crop could have available for its use 10-12 inches of rainfall, we could ex- pect a yield approximating three tons of dry matter per acre. But the mean annual rainfall of the middle west is about 40 inches, 20-25 inches of which fall during the growing season from March to November. lf out of this an- nual precipitation an amount equal to half the summer rainfall could be made available for plant growth, crop yields would be very large. Our crop yields prove to us, therefore, that that amount is not saved; and it follows that under our present conditions the precipitation is insufficient for the pro- duction of the largest crops of which our soils are capable. This may be traced to the irregular distribution of the rainfall and to the less of water in various ways. The rainfall is distributed unevenly thrOt ghout the season. Often a sea- son will have about the normal precipi- tation, but have it so distributed that a. drouth occurs at some time. In that case, crops are correspondingly low- ered in spite of the normal seasonal average However, there is no way, at least no practical way, of altering the distribution of a season's rainfall; and because of that it is very important that we husband as carefully as we can that which falls. How Water is Lost. The chief sources of loss of water are the run-off, deep percolation, and evaporation. The most important of these from the point of crop limitation is evaporation, because water does not ordinarily run off except in cases of very rapid precipitation unless the soil is nearly saturated or is frozen, and because deep percolation does not or- dinarily go on very rapidly unless the overlying soil is fairly moist, while evaporation from the surface does go on without interruption and results in making soils uninhabitable by plants if the water supply is not replenished. It is not to be understood, though, that the effects of run-off and deep percola- tion are negligible. In our attempt, then, to retain as much water as possible for plant growth, we are confronted with the problems of preventing evaporation as much as possible, especially during the summer, and of reducing runoff and deep percolation as much as pos- sible. The usual way of reducing the evaporation is that of frequent and shallow cultivation. This is now so well-known and is coming so universal— ly into practice that it seems hardly worth while to emphasize it more at this place. Emphasis is due, rather, to a point which, while no doubt sec- ondary to the one just mentioned, does not seem to be receiving the thought which it deserves. This point has ref- erence to the store of water in the soil at the beginning of the season. As a rule, we do not realize the full value of starting the crop off in a soil con- taining a large supply of water. We do not appreciate the value of winter and spring rainfall. Usually the winter rainfall wets the soil pretty thoroughly for some inches. and when spring comes our chief desire is that the soil may dry out so that we can go to work in it. We do not often stop to think that while the top layers of soil may be quite wet, the subsoilheven that in range of plant roots-1nay be considerably drier; and that the, depth of percolation of the store of water de- pends considerably on the capacity of the surface layer to take up the rain- fall and conduct it to the, subsoil. Thus it is that we often 11131111113151: the value of winter rainfall and do not 11111111: as much of it as We 111ight. Influenced by Time of Plowing. Experiments have shown that plow- ed soil absorbs water more readily and rttains more of it than does hard, un- stirred soil. in one case on record a piece of fall-plowtd land had 2.31 per cent more moisture in the sp ring than an unplowed pit cc 11,101 g>idt The (lif- 111ence 111 this case .nnounztd to about 130 tons per acre in the first three feet of soil. This difference would certain- ly make a percceptibl 1'1'1crcase 111 the yield. in oid e1,tl1t.1:,1o save as much as possible of the winter rains, we should plow in the fall if conditions will permit it. The plowing should, of course, be as deep as the draft of the plow and the type of soil will permit, becatlse the deeper the furrow slice is, the greater is the surfacc absorptive layer and the deeper will the water he presented to the subsoil where the more difficult percolation Usually begins. ln case fall plowing is 110i advisable, the soil should be turned over just as soon in the spring as it is dry enough not to puddle in the working. Plowing breaks the capillary connection be- tween the subsoil and the furrow slice, and thus checks the rise of moisture from below 11nd its consequent rapid evaporation from the surlace. \\'hen We consider that this loss by evapora- tion in unstirred soil may reach 130 tons per acre per day and that it may draw 011 the water supply to a depth of as much as tour 1111, something of the importance of early spring plowing is forced home to us. Aitt-r plowing, the working of the soil before planting should be such as to retain the mois- ture already in it and to more as much as possible of any more that, may fall. A11 abundance 01" organic matter is very important in this I'Lspt‘ti because it increases the water-holding capacity. Drainage Helps in Dry Years. Drainage is important, tile drainage if necessary, for while it removes the *ater irom the soil it thus makes pos- sible a deeper penetration of the roots of the young crop, so that when a drier time comes later on the root sys‘ tent is more able to sustain the plant than would be the case if, because of free water in the soil early in the sea~ son it had been compelled while young to confine the root system to a thin surface layer. Another point of someimportance is this. After the spring rains are over l 3—683 PREPAREDNESS Produces Victory The Red River Special IS PREPARED In the trenches of a great army or In the threshing of a great crop those who are tightly prepared do not go down to defeat. Beat oil the nation 3 enemies.-—BEAT OUT THE NATION'S GRAIN. It must be done if the nation is to live. In either event it is preparedness With "the Man Behind the Gun" that doe. the work. This patented devtcc, found only in the Nichols 8: Shepard Company 5 duali- ing machinery. can show more prepai- edneu for securing and moie actual ca- pacity in securing and saving grain than any other separating mechanism that in- ventive ingenuity has yet produced. Are you prepared for a financial victory when this year’s crops are thrashed ? Preparedness is now a great national issue. Some of your own neighbors have quietly ro- vided the means to take advantage of this act by saying ”never again’ to the thresherman that doesn‘t own a Red River Special machine. Send for the ”extra Home Editmn paper that tells you about it. You might as well ask for a Big Catalog at the same Mme. Both are free. m .IIIGIIOLS 81 SllEZNlRD 00. (In Continuous Business Since 1848) BUILDERS EXCLUSIVELY 0F THRESHING MACHINERY Red River Special Threalien. Feedun, Wind Stadiu- Steam and Oil-Cu Traction Engines (13) BATTLE CREEK, -‘ MlIlCHIOAN mm 11011125, BARNS and murmurs DIRECT FROM FACTORY 'I‘O YOl‘. HIGH GRADE \VUOIJZRA Ll“. PRICES SHIPMENTS MADE HAI‘JE DAY ORDER IS llldt‘Fl‘v‘l-ID FA 1111111. “11,1. PLEANP‘. you SEND I'UR (‘lltc‘ULAR AND COLOR CARI). PONTIAC PAINT MFG. C0. PONTIAC. DHCH. A l N T 4- "0 PI Cuohmon on o Blndfllb Bamo ‘ . BinderEngine. Ab \ ‘ tathments for any ' binder. Twohorsea _easily pullS fthind- For All Farm Work Throttle Governed Very light weight. 4H. P. only 1901bs. Forced water cool~ ing system prevents over- heating. Tank on front bal-v anccs engine on rear. Fric-- tion ( lutch Pulley Ask for Engine Book. 4 t02 0H. P cushman Motor Works 826 North 21:: Street LINCOLN. NEBRASKA Al N. P. Outfit for -All- Purpolo ork. Sam (ulna Used on Binder SDELIJGE'IN What mafler?‘ \17333'3‘1'15H BRAND REFLEX SLIBKERE‘ 3 uou' re almaus drq and happu A J. Towen no. Ill‘ 70!! Mention 11111 Mlchlgan Farmar When ertlng Advortlsm 684—4 and the weather has become warm, the“ .constant tendency all summer is for the soil to dry out. Take it one year with another, therefore, the sooner the crop is put on the soil, the larger will be the moisture supply on which it can draw. Let us, then, get our Crops planted just as early in the spring as climatic conditions will allow. The moisture supply is still further con- served by early planting because the crop becomes large enough to check evaporation by shading the ground sooner than would be the case if plant- ed later. Let us, therefore, not underrate the value of the summer rains nor neglect proper measures for conserving them; but at the same time let. us in the fu- ture put a high value on the winter and early spring rains and use every praCLical method to retain the supply of water thus secured for the use of the crop throughout the summer. LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES. Beans seem to be the order of the day in this vicinity and in many other sections of the state that I have visit- ed lately. The wet fall prevented the farmers from sowing as much wheat as they intended. The wet spring has prevented a large acreage of oats and there is a large accumulation of land for some crop. The unusual price Of beans is very fascinating, even alluring. Besides it is generally understood that last year's crop is all cleaned up. There is abso- lutely no surplus to carry over, and in this part of the state the commis- sion men are encouraging the plant- ing of a large acreage. "Car-lot" \‘v'el‘ man, of Grand Rapids, goes so far as to stake his reputation on $3 per bush- el for beans next fall, even if Michigan produces a 10,000,000 bushel crop. Here is a chance for a farmer to keep cool and keep his head. Many will grow beans for the first time. Bet. ter not put in too many. Better think the matter over and don’t fail to con- sider that the seed is worth about $5 per bushel. Ordinarily the time when every farmer is rushing into a crop is a pretty good time to keep out. It may be different this year. Certainly we have unusual conditions. But don’t over-reach. Beans must be cultivated when you are busy haying and harvest- ing. taise some beans but not too many. Alfalfa Winter-Killed. My alfalfa has winter-killed some in spots. The land is all tiled but. tiling don't let the water Off when the land is frozen. That, I think was the trouble. In a few low spots where water ac- cumulated and stood for several days on hard frozen ground the alfalfa is gone. Where the land was rolling enough so the water all ran Off it is splendid. Now the question arises, will it not pay for alfalfa fields tO have two systems of drainage. Tile the land well of course, but besides all low Spots should have surface drainage so water will not stand there at any time. It will not be necessary for these surface drains only for rare in- stances, like the one stated. lt‘or ordi- nary crops this is hardly necessary be- cause a crop only lasts for one year but. alfalfa is for several years and these bare spots will be eyesores as long as the fields stay to alfalfa. Vl'e pastured one field of alfalfa pretn ty close last fall. Kept the young cat- tle on there until cold weather and they ate it pretty close. It shows the effect this spring. We have got to take care of alfalfa if we hold it. Red Clover. The spring of 1915 was unusually dry all through April and May. This was hard on new seeding clover. On some of the knolls the clover is pretty thin and will cut a light crop but on most of the field it is a good stand and is growing freely. Of course, right on these knolls is where there ought to be the heaviest sod to plow down. This for the land's sake, and here it will be the lightest. THE MICHIGAN .FAR‘MER It is often this way. These knolls must be helped out in some other way for next year‘s corn crop. About the only way will be to give them a good covering of stable manure. We have the manure all right but it is about a mile to haul it and this costs money. Feeding Steers. I changed my mind about putting the steers I bought on pasture and holding them until July or August. I concluded we would need most of the pasture for our regular supply of live stock. I paid six cents for those steers in December and sold them for feed‘ ers for seven cents. The 13 head gained 1110 pounds, or only 108 pounds average. Not very good, but they got but little grain. Mostly pea vine sil- age and poor clover and alfalfa hay. Some dried beet pulp and gluten feed once a day. I don‘t know what it cost to feed them. They cost me $500 and I sold them for $681.80, or I got $181.80 for the feed they ate and for the labor in caring for them. Besides I have the manure. Cows or Steers. Last December I also purchased 11 grade Jersey cows. Some six of them freshened during the fall before I pur- chased. One was just fresh and the other four freshened in January and February, one along the last of Feb‘ ruary. They were entered in the cow- testing work and all their feed charg- ed to them and given credit for the butter-fat they produced at market price. The first or April when the cow-testing year closed these cows had made a net profit above cost of all feed, of $99.2t. They will do as much more anyway, before they go dry, and I will have the cows left. They are all bred to freshen this fall. I have the manure and the skim-milk to offset the labor. Which was the best investment? Does it take long to figure it? But then, I am a dairyman. It can not be expected that I know how to get the profit out of beef cattle. Conox C. LILLIE. ABOUT FENCING. With the increased price for fence materials there is an added reason for some changes in farm fields. The un- sightly cross fences that one encount- ers, decayed posts, sagged wires, and the constantly increased expenses of mainteinence is leading many farmers to abandon small fields. Each farm is in itself a particular problem but the more general principle prevailing is to well fenced small fields near the barns. These are used for live stock but cropped in a short rotation with a quick return to grass. The old-time lane can be left unfenced and reduced to a mere wagon track width, and the ground used for turning space in plow- ing and cultivation. Nearly a rod in width is added in this way to the cul< tivated area. Steel posts are quickly set and woy en wire stretched for tem- porary pasturing on stubble ground is a fairly satisfactory condition in most cases. On farm land worth $100 per acre and upward it is an easy matter to be deprived of a considerable area of pro- ductive land by a superfluity of fences and the adjacent land not actually cul- tivated. Pasturage on land of these values gives, as a rule, less return than crops. When land was cheap and plentiful pasturage was ~the OppOl“ tunity to utilize the surplus beyond the power to cultivate. The decline in the growth of the beef and mutton industry was largely a measure of their inability to compete with crops and dairying. The farmer who has adjacent cheap pasturage land not available for cultivation has still the Opportunity for pasturage. The silo came into existence at the time to maintain the proportion of live stock when the other tendency was to diminish their numbers with increased land values. There is still potency in the old silo argument of moving the pasture field up to the barn and hav- ing pasture summer and winter. The argument goes still further in remov- ing the fences from the abandoned pasture fields. It's a fair estimate that the unused areas incident to fence rows would, if cultivated, pay the in terest on a silo. Or, if the portion of land thus occupied be sold at the other acre valuation the return would con« struct a silo. If there is any one job on the farm that seems to give little return it is that of the spring fence fixing. De- cayed posts and rusty wire are a com- bination not easily made into a satis- factory fence to restrain stock. The fence proposition is akin to the potash in fertilizer—almost out of reach. In addition to the high cost Of steel wire the cost of sulphuric acid to cleanse it before its bath in zinc to coat it, the zinc itself and other items have seri- ously advanced in price—so the ten- dency will be to make the fence mate- rial less desirable or the price excess sive. To the farmer contemplating his fields from these changed conditions it is often easy to see where the removal of a fence will be a saving in‘ many ways. Shiawassee Co. JAS. N. MCBRIDE. CROP AND FERTILIZER QUES- TIONS. Will Drain Tile Clear Themselves of Dirt? [have a field that I tiled last fall. It froze up before I got the trenches fill- ed, so did not get them filled properly and surface water run in and partly filled the tile with clay. Will they clean themselves or not? SUBSCRIBER. If water runs through your tile now I think you will have no trouble, pro- vided the tile are laid to a uniform grade. There is always more or less dirt that gets into the tile when the ditch is first made, and this dirt is washed down through the tile by the running water. After the soil around the tile is well settled then very little dirt gets into them. Sometimes, how- ever, a poor tile will break, or a poor joint will allow the earth to enter and I have known of holes being made over tile drains several feet across and all this dirt washed down through the tile without clogging the drain. If the grade is uniform and there is run- ning water, as there will be, there is little danger of clogging the tile if the mouth or outlet of the ditch is kept open. Permanent Pasture on New Land. I have some hardwood land just cut over the past winter and would like to seed it for cow pasture without clear- ing it. What grasses would you rec ommend? How would sweet clover do in this case? Osceola Co. J. L. It will be all right to use some sweet clover seed, but you will have much better pasture and more of it if you use a mixture of grasses. I would suggest that you sow seven pounds of Canadian blue grass, four pounds each of red-top, orchard grass, and timothy and two pounds each of medium red clover, alsike and sweet clover. . Had you sown this seed early before freezing weather was over I think you would have had a good stand. Now it is so late the seed ought to be "ersh- ed" in to cover it. How to Apply Fertilizer to the Bean Crop. How do you plant a fertilizer in beans? Will it make any difference if the fertilizer touches the beans? Is fertilizer, that is good for corn, all right, for beans? My soil is gravelly loam and is run some. Gd. Traverse Co. SUBSCRIBER. The best way to apply fertilizer to the bean crop is to apply it broadcast evenly over the land and harrow the land to get the fertilizer well mixed with the soil. This takes extra work so most fertilizer is applied at the time Of sowing or planting the crop. Manufacturers have supplied us with machines that will plant the seed and apply the fertilizer at the same time. MAY 27. 1916. It is never best to apply the fer‘ tilizer right with the seed,‘especially if liberal applications of fertilizer are used. The phosphoric acid and the potash will injure the germinating power of the seed. If you plant beans with a fertilizer grain drill—and most people do—the openings in the fertil- izer box directly in the row of beans can be stopped up, closed and fertil- izer distributed on either side of the hoe. This is a good way. A bean fertilizer need contain little or no nitrogen. The bean plant can get nitrogen from the air. But corn on the other hand, responds to nitro- gen. A 4:8.1 fertilizer is better for corn than beans; 1:11.0 or 0:140 makes a good bean fertilizer. ' COLON C. LILLIE. FARM NOTES. Eradicating Canada Thistles. Is there a time when Canada this-- tles can be cut to entirely kill them? If so, when? Hillsdale Co. SUBSCRIBER. Cutting any plant, even a perennial when it is approaching the seeding pe- riod and the vitality of the plant is di< rected to the function of reproduction through the formation of seed, will give it a serious setback, as more time will be required for the development of buds and the sending up of new stalks than is the case at any Other period of its growth. For this reason the cutting of Canada thistles when in bloom discourages them somewhat. but is not safe dependence for their eradication. This can be accomplished only by thorough cultivation, which will prevent them from making any growth above ground, or by the smoth- ering process which can be accom- plished by covering small patches with tarred paper weighted down with stones. The two plans may be com-- bined where the infested ground is sown to alfalfa, provided a good thrifty stand is secured, since the rapid growth of this forage plant will tend to smoth- er the thistles, and the frequent cut- ting of the crop will further discour- age them. THE SUCCESSFUL FARMER LOVES HIS WORK. In passing through some por- tions of the country, one fact strikes the observer painfully and that is, how very few are thoroughly interested in their work. Altogether too many farm-- ers are farming in order to get enough money to move into town and engage in some other business. Too few have a love for their calling. A man may move into a country where good land is cheap and merely hold on for a term of years until the advance of the land makes him well tO do; but this is not real success along agricultural lines. A farmer in order to be successful in the fullest sense of the word must have a love for the occupation. A man that has no love for his calling will not study his business in detail suffi- ciently to improve his stock or enrich his farm. A farmer that is simply farming to get every cent out of the soil that is possible, to hoard up, with- out regard for the future of the soil, is a soil robber. A man that will so manage a farm that it continually gets poorer and poorer, year by year, is not worthy of the name of a farmer. A successful farmer in the true sense of the word is one who has such a love for his chosen occupation, that each season the soil of his farm gets more productive, the stock show an improve— ment in quality and the home is made more attractive. Such a farmer is a. blessing to the whole community, in which he resides, while the man who simply farms to live or for the purc pose of getting sufficient money to move off, is disgracing his profession. Indiana. W. F. PURDUE. “The Michigan Farmer ad brought me more inquiries and orders than any other paper I am using this spring. You may continue my advertisement.” —W. Van Appledorn, Holland, Mich. 1”,“. MAY 27, 1916. O acute and discouraging has the problem of saving the apple or- chard become, of late years, that anything in the nature of improved conditions is doubly welcome and of keen interest. In looking over the field in the writer‘s section, some very en- couraging factors seem to have enter- ed into the situation. It seems prob- able that the gloomiest days for or- chardists in these localities under ob— servation, have disappeared. It is true that in many instances almost to- tal obliteration of old apple orchards throughout, entire neighborhoods has resulted. But this is better than par- tial destruction, for the most part, for it has brought farmers face to face with the meaning of an apple famine. It has awakened them to the fact that new orchards should be planted, and that quickly. In considering the present status of orchards in this section, perhaps the first fact that comes into prominence is the benefits resulting to orchards, from weather conditions of 1915. All through the growing season the weath- er was cool and wet. Trees of all kinds flourished. The dreaded scale ceased in large measure, its work of devasta- tion. Even in old orchards never be- fore sprayed for the malady, conditions became visibly improved. The chief benefit, however, was to the young or- chards and to old orchards already be- ing treated for the scale plague. In many ways, the summer of 1915 was a discouraging one for farmers, but as regards fruit trees of all kinds, it was decidedly beneficial. These weather conditions, together with proper spray" ing, worked wonders even in some old orchards. Loss of Farm Orchards Being Felt. Another feature of the subject un- der consideration has already been hinted at, namely, the awakened ten- dency to plant new orchards. in some localities this tendency is yet dormant, but in others the process of replanting has surely begun. The wholesale de- struction of orchard after orchard in certain districts and the consequent high price of apples for home consump— tion, have brought the problem clearly and forcibly before the farmers. No fruit is missed as much as the apple, when it is not easily obtainable. its real value becomes apparent when the old apple orchard has disappeared anti its varied assortment of fruits can no longer be had for the trouble of gath- ering. More and more each year the work of replanting must go on. Some farmers doubtless will not reset apple trees, but enough will do so to make the practice general. in the struggle of the last few years to save the apple orchards, it has be- come apparent that the few young or- chards could be saved while, in many instances, it was impossible to make much headway in preserving the older aggregations of trees. This fact has been and will be an important and en— couraging element in the process of re- planting. Spraying must be carried on persistently and methodically, but if the trees are young, results are cer- tain. Many of the old orchards, half dead from the ravages of scale, pre— sented an almost hopeless problem. in many cases the spraying and pruning process came too late and much mon— ey anti time were expended in vain. With the knowledge and experience now available the new orchards can be kept free from scale from the begin- ning, and healthy trees assured. The Problem of Spraying. Still another feature recently intro- duced in this section may be found in the up-to-date spraying outfits purchas— ed as a business proposition. The own— ers of the outfits hold their services at the disposal of orchard owners during the spraying season. If he is willing to pay for it, the farmer can get his orchard sprayed, just as in the earlier days before the self-binder came into common use, he could hire his wheat cut and bound into bundles: This fact . THE MICHIGAN FARMER The Problem of the Farm Orchard . V has simplified the problem greatly for owners of small orchards. They are spared the expense of owning an outfit and the trouble of spraying the trees. In some neighborhoods several farm- ers have purchased collectively a spraying outfit, and take turns using the equipment at spraying time. Now anti then a man may be found who sprays and tends several large or- chards for a share of the fruit. Still others devote most of their time to the work and instead of receiving a portion of the fruit get the entire crop, paying so much per year per tree, in cash. In the meantime, in addition to the small cash return, the owner of the orchard is having his trees systematically sprayed and pruned. In the increasing interest and activ- ity in regard to apple trees, other fruit trees have come in for a larger share of attention than formerly. Those va- rieties easily destroyed by scale, are watched and tended with a. vigilance unknown in former years. Many peo— ple who own neither farms nor apple orchards, own small hand sprayers and attend regularly to the work of spray- ing for scale. The situation has grown out of the necesity of the case. The man who owns a few peach or plum or pear trees realizes he must fight the pest if he would keep them. Knowl- edge and experience count here also, and young trees are sprayed from the beginning, that they may be kept in a healthy condition. Hilisdale (,‘o. J. A. T§.\isl;'R. MlCHiGAN FRUIT AND FRUIT GROWERS. In general, reports as to fruit pros- pects are cheering. With exception of peaches all fruits promise well. Many thOUsands of young trees will be in full bearing for the first time this year. A good demand for cherries by the can- ners is reported in the Grand Traverse country. The Benton . Harbor Chamber of Commerce is backing the plan to sell home-grown fruits on every train, boat or interurban car enterii g the city, the fruit being put up in attractive pack- ages, with a View to advertising the “original fruit belt" of Michigan. About 10,000 trees have been sold through the \i'ext’ord county farm bu- reau this spring for planting in that section, apple trees bringing 15 cents and cherries 20 cents. The Northport Fruit Growers‘ Asso- ciation, with It. D. Massa as manager, is in good shape and is saving its mem- bers money in the purchase of seeds, fertilizing and spraying material this spring. Business is done on a cash basis. Simpson & Son will enlarge their cannery at licelei‘ this spring, and will put, tip tomatoes, raspberries, peaches, cherries and apples this year. Farmers of Custer township, Mason county, have organized the Custer Fruit & Produce Exchange, with $5,000 capital. Headquarters will be at Cus— ter village and the objects include en- couragement of better and more eco- nomical methods of production and bet- ter results in grading and marketing; to buy supplies in a co-operative way and to cultivate the cooperative spirit for the advantage of its members and the uplift of the neighborhood. Kent C0. Atyioxri GRIFFEN. A good site is important when start— ing an orchard and if possible the trees should be planted on a well drained southern slope. In some sections where early frosts cause serious losses a northern slope is the best as the buds will not come out as early in the spring. This reduces the danger of losing the crop but in general fruit growers seem to profit most on the well drained southern lsope. Hardy varieties that are cared for properly will usually thrive on any well drained soil of fair fertility.—R. G. K. in the development of the tele- phone system, the subscriber'is the dominant factor; His ever- growing requirements inspire invention, lead to endless scien- tific research, and make neces— sary vast improvements and extensions. Neither brains nor money are Spared to build up the telephone plant, to amplify the subscriber’s power to the limit. in the Bell System you have the most complete mechanism in the world for communication. it is animated by the broadest spirit of service, and you dom- inate and control it in the double capacity of the caller and the called. The telephone cannot think and tallc for you, but it carries your thought where you will. it is yours to use. /g The Knmigdo of the Subscriber .\ , . "lidi . it? Without the co-operation of the subscriber, all that has been done to perfect the system is useless and proper service can- not be given. F or example, even though tens of millions were spent to build the Trans- continental Line, it is silent if the man at the other end fails to answer. The telephone is essentially democratic; it carries the voice of the child and the grown- up with equal speed and direct- ness. And because each sub- scriber is a dominant factor in the Bell System, Bell Service is the most democratic that could be provided for the American people. It is not only the implement of the individual, but it fulfills the needs of all the people. AMERiCAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH Compiling AND ASSOCIATED Cougames One System Universal Service in the Famuhar Rake we offer a practical, economical Thre a .. ht. sher for indivrdual users. it ha s ample separating and cleaning facilities, simple construction, and requires but light operating power. Handles all varieties .of grain Without loss‘ oi seed. For large merchant thi‘cshermen, we have the Farquhar Vi— brator built in Six Sizes With Self Feeder, Wind Stacker, V‘Veighcr, etc. The Farquhar principle of separation has stood the test of nearly fifty years' service. 3916 Thresher Catalogue, telling the complete story of our success. mailed free to grain growers on request. Write today. A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., Box 512, York, Pa. We also make Engines and Boilers, Sawmill Machinery, Hydraulic Cider Presses and Farm Implements. Ask for literature. BEEKEEPEBS’SU‘PPLIES Send for Catalog A for prices of HP!“ lliycs, etc. We sell every- Yllillg fur TWIN, liivllitlillg begin- ner’s emiipiiicnts. Beeswax wanted. Send for catalog- P. for prices (if tlinymiphbred italian bees and queens. BERRY BASKETS Send for catalog (" itir piit cs of Berry Baskets and crater:- Special—200 \\'axliiicd papcr berry baskets postpaid for $1.00 or 200 A grade \Vtmd bi-rry basksts postpaid for $1.25 to any point within 150 miles of Lansing. M. ii. HUNT 8 SON, Box 525, LANSING, MlCl'l. $$ IN POTATOES . Write at once for Bulletin tell- ing how whole fields of potatoes were saved from blight and rot last year and brought big profits. It also tells of the gu- “Friend” P 0 TAT O aranteed true SPRAYERS “FRIEND” MFG. CO" Gasport, N. Y, “The Kind ofSprayers You Like" Garden Cultivator. Newest. best. :1 25 "hacks: (‘ircuiar Free. (fan send Par- ! col Post. N. McASLAN, Bruce, Wis. ch SEED POTATOES -“ Latt- I’ctoskcy. The best late potato for yield. market and freedom from blight and scab. Bled- iiiin size, graded potatoes. 2 to it) bii.. $.25 per bti.; more than 10 bu. $1.20 per bu. Bags free. Special prices on large orders. WALLACE BROS. Bayshoro. Mlch. iiMiiiiii ALSYKE 5.2.30 ags extra at 20¢ each. Send us your order. Young-Randolph Seed Co. Owosso. Michigan : .4, WHITE SWEET CLOVER 'O'B ".ll,‘f ttdf' ' ',.' . . , , ' A‘ifiéd F‘Aifi‘BfMiSii‘i‘t‘ifikiffim'i‘ahfh . ,' a ALSIKI; AND ALFALFA CLOVERS.‘ ’fi/\~ TIMO'I HY SEED, WINTER VETcr-u Ask for samples and special price list. i '1 » H etc. YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED (20., OWOSSO. MICH. Sir Walter Raleigh. free from blight; and scab 50 bit. lute. 750 ‘ per bu. 10 bu. lots. 80c ier bu. Prices f. o. b.—ancks included. DA 11) LEEINHOUTS, Ii. 2. White Cloud. Michigan, sw E E 1' Build. Worn Oui‘ Soll. Has higher protein content than alfalfa. Write CLOVER for prices and information. Everett Barton, H.129, Falmouth,K1/. SOY BEANS Planted with ensilage , corn greatly increase the quality ofthe feed. Write us for prices. YOI Nb-RAINDOLPH SEED 00., Ononso, Michigan. 1914 SEED C(iliN, Northwestern Earliest Dent. 96$ germination. home rown. $2.50 per bu. shelled, bagsrree. Shipped prompt. . .A. Foster, Okemos, Mich. THE MICHIGAN FARMER MAY 2}. 1916. Always the high Quality! Always the low Price! These three labels prove that the clothes are the best value in the world for the meney. Wars come, markets change, prices go a-kiting up. price is always the same and the quality is always the best at the price! Style plus through-and-through quality _ (all-wool fabrics) Style plus _pe)rfect fit (for every man of Style plus economy (the easy price for Style plus guaranteed wear (a written You know the price before you 0 into the store-M7 always, everywhere, Watch our ocsl newspaper: for ndvertisemento Styleplui in the Store Window. If you .don't know this Store write us an we will tell you where it is. cynic us (Dept. H) for free copy of ”The Styleplus HENRY SONNEBORN 6: CO.. Inc. Founded l849 But the Styleplus every everybody guarantee with every Styleplus) the nearest leplus Store. Baltimore, Md. Styleplus lll7 Clothe 3w noun 1 ’ll'i l ENG l N E ' SE PARATORS. SPREADERSJ'RACTORS . I 250- one free eatsl tell. on ! wl‘yJ .13] direct to usci‘i‘nt who a- . - e, . th . th le- ‘ I!“ ~, esn uni f ' l‘ 'tyand l1 eficiengfib silt? wha‘lrtytlirrnle‘ga; . . customers as l y quality 1 th e u a l' i' W" goodn.\%riio:0daa gx-fiodi-‘frge ”4.75mi copy of this won crful book of bargains for farm and household. ~. WM. GALLOWAY. Pro... WM. OALLOWAY CO. 187 Bailout” 8 n Wmoflo " MINERA nus H EAvnzg... oupounp; , "CURE-s , ‘HEAVES / Booklet Free llElllEcl - Will Ruin 88 Package Your Horse “"3323; 2'." llsso'hgeol'inls "they rolundod $1 PICkage Sufficient sumo TODAY ,0, 0mm“, cases. AGENTS Postpaid on recelnt of m“ be ~. WANTED a” ’ Write iordoscrinilva booklet L. IilEth llEAlE REMEDY Gil. 46". Fourth Ave. Plilsburg. PI. DO NOT BUY FENCE UNTIL YOU GET OUR DIRECT FROM Flcllilll PRICE GUARANTEE Win guarantorn our icnce' to be ,made from tllt‘ lltNl galvanized lull guage wirc,_bu1h stay. lim- wire and knot. audio be the most perfectly woven fence on the market WRITE TODAY Fill-l (‘A'l‘Al.H(; 'l‘() The United Fence Co. of Port Huron Port- Huron. Mich. Box ll. Minneapolis, Minn Pulverized lime rock for "sour" soils. Write for LOW PRICES DIRECT TO YOU and we will send sample and full particu- lars. Write to office nearest you. LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY. Muskegon. Mich.. and Benton Harbor. Mich. AGRICULTURAL iiM Whnn thnnhh Lime and Pulverized Limestone. also pulverized burned lime. all made from high calcium limestone. Guaranteed tube the best on the market. Your inquiries solicitmi. Samples furn- inked On request. Northern Lime (20.. Petoskey. Mich. FERTILIZER :1 Muncey Cartagel Co., shippers oi horse manure and tobacco stems. 450 Grand River Avenue. Detroit Mich. Tel. Grand 821 and 4267. ‘ 9 ls guaranteed. Work while Bmd sHeave Remedy uiiinsl works. Will‘s HAIRD LIFG. CO. . Box 827, Purcell.0kln.. for particulars. When writing to advertisers please mention The Michigan Farmer. The, Sil9,-‘ You Can Depend On ‘ SILVER’S “OHIO” The Logical Silo Filler and de endabilitz] is a big point at silo filling time. hisis oneof the reasons for the “Ohio" unbeatable Ieadershith’s always ready—built for b ig capacity— as: work—With least; chances for breakage an delays. Backed by 02 years' manufacturin experience—by the silo filler pioneers. Use by experiment stations and lead— ing farmers everyw xere. Big features: Auto- matic beater feed. power-saving direct drive. friction reverse,single levercontrol.“Bull~dog- grip" rollers, non-explosive blower. Better cut nil e—packs airtiqut—ferments better—better foowfor stock. Write for catalog, also book on Silverizcd Silage. THE SILVER MFG. CO. """"" 390 Broadway.Sllem. Ohio , ‘ Modern Silage Methods-264 Pages ' v '3 THAT'S GUARANTEED —to produce more milk than any other ration a either home mixed or purchased and. do it without giving your cows constipation or udder trouble. Ready to use right out of the sack Without any rmxmg. 55 Absolutely free from adulterimts and fillers. just like the feed you would mix for yonrselst a special combination of chome cottonseed meal, dried beet pulp, glupen fecd.corn distillers’ grains,wheat bran, wheat: middlin s and a little salt, that’s all; each in- gradient weig ed_ b automatic scales and all horoughly mixed in use power driven mixers, so that ii; is always absolute! uniform. and always good. An extra quart or twoof milk dail from each cow may turn a loss intoe profit.'l‘ry LA RO-FEED formore rofits.Soldon“-_nuyhohlnst a“ plan, the canton be‘ entirely up to you. dealers almost everyw ere; write if none near you. am until: II"... 00 law III... lotto“. m. T ' Best Standard Binder Wlne : twine, gnamn~ teed to 31 vs absolute satisfaction or money back. 500 ft. to poun ll) lbs. tensile strength. insect proof, $9.75 per cwt. for prompt orders. . With a threatened shortage of twins. and much higher values in sight the wise man mil order early. A. 11. Foster. Mlegan. Mioh' O r Pasturing HE most successful feeders of swine are on to all of the fine points of profit and loss in the game. Whether it pays to feed hogs or not, depends on the outlay in feed and labor, and the amount that can be secured for the hogs when sold in the markets. in his native condition the hog was an omnivorous animal, eating a great variety of feeds, cropping the various kinds of herbage which he could find, rooting in the ground for worms and mineral foods, and devouring any and all kinds of beasts and reptiles he could capture. His growth was slow because his stomach was too small to hold of the coarse foods a sufllcient amount to enable him to do much more than live. His snout and legs were long, and his body short. He was built for self-defense rather than for the ac« cumulation of meat. ‘He was made up of bones and muscles (lean meat) with just enough adipose to give his meat an excellent flavor, which has “made it popular for food with hunters. Since the hog has been domesticated there has been a great transforma- tion in his build, disposition and hub- its of life. His wild, ferocious dispo- sition has been changed to a quiet, sub- missive and tractable animal. His head and legs have been shortened and his body lengthened. His body has been broadened and deepened, the bones diminished in size and the capa- biliLies for th- accumulation of flesh, both lean and int, have been greatly increased. While other parts of the body have passed through great changes, the stomach has remained practically the same, although the intestines have been lengthened and the capabilities of digesting and assimilating nutrient elements from the food have been greatly increased. The Change in Diet. Since the hog has been domesticated he has, in too many cases, been car- ried to the extreme of a narrow diet. in our own country the diet has been narrowed to corn, and corn alone, un- til the constitutional vigor has been cnl'ccblcd and the susceptibility to dis- case has been inc-roused. The number of pigs to the litter have been increase ed from two in the wild state, to ten, twelve and sometimes sixteen, which may have had something to do in l‘c- ducing the vigor and restricting the capabilities of endurance and resisting disease. An exclusively grain diet is more difficult to digest than a mixed dict. Vl'hcn grain is fed alone the mass is liable to become compacted too close ly in the stomach and it is not all brought in contact with the gastric juices of the stomach, consequently it is not all digested. The (,1 crman chem- ist, 'Wolff, says that whcu hogs are fed entirely on grain, 40 per cent of the feed is wasted. That is an enormous waste and ii, is advisable to devise means by which the great wastes can be avoided. The Benefits of Green Forage. If given an opportunity to run in the field, the hogs will crop the herbage, increase the bulk of the food in the stomach, diminish the amount of grain required, make more complete diges— tion possible, and reduce the cost of the gain in Weight. Experience and carefully conducted experiments have shown that the Cheapest gains are made on a mixed diet. In considering the pasture fieeds let us not forget that there are some plants that are far superior to others, and when prac- ticable, furnish those that will produce the best results. At the head of the list of forage plants stands alfalfa. It is palatable and nutritious, and carries a larger percentage of protein than any other of the clovers with which we are fa- miliar. It will sustain the hogs with« out grain and enable them to make some growth. In connection with grain the Hogs feeds, it makes double the gains pos sible, and diminishes the cost of pro- duction, thereby greatly increasing the profits. Where it is practicable to raise alfalfa, it is worth the while to meet the requirements necessary to raise it. Next to alfalfa stands rape as a for- age plant for hogs. The leaves are sweet and nutritious. It can be sown along at different intervals from early in the spring to late in the summer. it requires moist, rich ground in order to secure a good rank growth. If it is not practicable to pasture the rape and the hogs have to be confined in yards: bare of green feeds, it can be cut and thrown to them in such quantities as they can eat it up clean, and good re- sults can be obtained; Among the other green feeds I will mention June clover, alsike, white clo- ver and June grass as among the de~ sir-able pasture feeds for hogs. Other and more inferior feeds are much more desirable than to cornpel hogs to live without green feeds. At the present; time when grain feeds are high in price, it will pay well to make the effort necessary to supply the hogs with pasture feeds. Although it is possible to get the mar- ket value of the grain feeds by feed- ing it to hogs alone, it is a better pol- icy to feed the grains in commotion with pasture feeds and get double the market price for it. Good Pasture with Grain Makes Bet-x ter Hogs. Another point in connection with pasturing hogs should be considered. The pasture feeds carry a large per-- centage of protein and mineral ele- ments which makes better bones, Lt bt'ttt‘l' growth of muscles, an inter- mingling of fat and lean, which means a better quality of meat, which will more closely meet the demands of the consumers at the present time, and sell for a higher price than those meats which are fattencd on grain alone. No one who is breeding and raising pure-bred swine to improve them and to sell as breeders to farmers, should think of confining their hogs and rais- ing them without pasture 01‘ green feeds. Roaming in the fields gives the. pigs exercise, stimulates an appetite, promotes the health and improves the constitutional vigor. Let us give more attention to the advantages to be gain- ed by giving the hogs on the farm an excellent opportunity to run at pasture. It will bring the satisfaction of inc-ream ing the profits from them. Wayne 'Co. N. A. CLAL’L’. DRESSING PERCENTAGE. The average dressing percentage of hogs is 75, while of cattle it is 53 and of sheep 48. Part of this difference in due to the method of figuring. in the case of the hog the hidc, hcad and feel. are included in the carcass weight. while in the case of cattle and sheep the head, hide and feet are not includ~ ed. Then the hog is very thick fleshed and has a small digcstive system. Cat- tle and slicep have large puunches and digestive systems. Sheep dress OUL lowest, due to the wool and the rather light ileshmg of the carcass. The dressing percentage of animals of each class varies widely. This is due to the amount of flesh, especially fat, present on the carcass and some- what due to the thickness of the hide and size of the heads and legs, and to the amount of filling or the amount of feed and water present in the digestive tract at the time of: slaughtering. For the hogs the dressing percentage vai'n ies from 65 to 85 per cent with an average of 75. For cattle it ranges from 48 to 70 per cent, with an aver- age of 53 and for sheep from 44 to 56 per cent with an average of 48 per cent.- North Dakota Ex. Sta. MAY 27, 1916. National Dairy Convention Resolutions DLLOWING are the resolutions adopted by the National Dairy Convention at Washington, D. 0., May 5-6. , : Contagious Abortion. W'hereas, contagious abortion among the dairy herds of this country is a very serious menace to the profitable production of milk, exceeding in its economic destructive character any 01‘ the other diseases to which dairy cat- tle are subject, Resolved, that the Department of Agriculture is hereby urged to give attention in the most persistent and comprehensive fashion possible, inde- pendently and in co-0peration with the state experiment stations, to this dis- ease with a view toward controlling it and lessening its ravages. we request that the best qualified investigators be assigned to this exclusive task. In view of the tremendous economic ini- portance of this problem, we request that it be approached at once from every posible hopeful angle. Tuberculosis. Whereas, the presence of tubercu- losis in'cattle is a menace to the profit of the breeder and the dairy farmer; and whereas, its presence in the herd can, as a rule, be detected by the ap- plication of the tuberculin test by men skilled in its use and when adminis- tered under proper conditions; Resolved, that this convention urge breeders and handlers of all classes of dairy cattle to weed out reacters from their herds as a matter of pro- tection to their own financial interests, either consigning them to the butcher or segregating them in the herd, when they are of sufficient value to warrant such manner of handling; resolved, that this convention heartily endorses the state—accredited herd plan of in- ducing breeders voluntarily to offer their herds for official test and secure a certificate which will accredit their cattle to any state without retest; re solved, that reasonable compensation should be allowed by federal and state authorities for all animals slaughtered in the eradication of tuberculosis. This compensation should not be ar— bitrarily limited by statute, but should be fixed by appraisal in each case, or by court decision on proof of the value of the slaughtered animals. False Reports. Whereas, in the Year Book of the Department of Agriculture for 1912 ap- peared a report on the dairy and creainery industry of the United States based on an inspection of only 144 creameries and dairies among the thousands in this country; and where- as, unwarranted and untrue inferences have been drawn from such report by the consumers of American butter, and the information therein presented has been unfairly used by interests hostile to the dairy industry to damage it immeasurably; Resolved, that the facts are thus made matter of record and that report declared woefully incomplete in its survey and wholly false in its conclu- sions; resolved, that its publication was all the more reprehensible be- cause for many years constant pro- gress has been made in pasteurization and in general improvement in hand- ling cream and in the manufacture of. creamery butter, until today much the larger per cent of American creamery butter is made from pasteurized cream; resolved, that we approve and recom- mend general pasteurization of all creamery butter. Division of Department. Whereas, the act of Congress of May 29, 1884, created the Bureau of Animal Industry specifically “to pre- vent the exportation of diseased cattle and to provide means for the suppres- sion and extirpation of pleuropneumon— la and other contagious diseases among domestic animals;” and where- as, by executive act the activities of this bureau hace gradually been broad- ened to include various lines concerned THE with the breeding and feeding of live stock anti the manufacture and distri- - bution of dairy products; therefore ' Resolved, that the Conference of Dairy Interests held in W'ashington, Secretary of Agriculture to partition the present work of the Bureau of An- imal Industry among three separate bureaus or offices, one concerned speci- fically and exclusively With animal dis- eases and to be called the bureau of oflice of animal health; one concerned with the encouragement of the breeds of live stock and the improvement of the utility stock on the farm other than dairy cattle, and one concerned specifically with dairy cattle and the dairy industry. Resolved, that the Secretary of Agriculture be urged to form the heads of these three bureaus or offices into a Federal Live Stock Board, which shall administer all live stock regulations, under direction of the Secretary of Agriculture. Resolved, that the Secretary of Ag- riculture be also urged to request from Congress another Assistant Sec- retary of Agriculture, to whom the heads 01‘ these three bureaus or offices shall be responsible. Milk Regulation. ~Whereas, at the present time the regulations under which the milk sup- ply of the country is produced are pro— inulgated by the health boards of states and cities, and are subject to more or less change under different administrations of the health bureaus, thereby causing dissatisfaction be- tween the producers and the health officers, and placing unnecessary bur- dens of expense upon the producers in changing buildings to conform to varying requirements; Resolved, that we call upon the Sec- retary of Agriculture to appoint a Com- mittee consisting of two milk prodde- ers, one milk dealer, and two sanitar- ians, known to be identified with milk- production methods in advanced form, to frame a set of rules and regulations covering milk production, which shall embrace methods to be used in the care and handling of cattle, shall de- scribe methods that insure cleanliness of cow and milker, shall set forth treatment of milk from udder to deliv- ery, shall outline barn construction and cleanliness of barns, all with due regard to keeping cost at the level of the means of the average producer. Resolved, that when a report from such committee shall have been ap- proved by the Secretary of Agricul- ture, he is requested to use his good offices to have such report generally adopted by the states and cities of the United States. “'hereas, the use of foreign fats in the production of dairy products of all kinds constitutes a fraud upon the dairyinan and the ultimate consumer as well. Resolved, that it is the sense of this conference that all products so made should be so marked as to disclose the materials used in their manufacture. Co-operation. Whereas, the outstanding benefit de. rived from co-Operative effort of agri- cultural interests has been demon- strated by this conference; Resolved, that the different branches of these allied industries be urged to Consider a closer union in cooperative legislative effort. Denatured Alcohol. Whereas, the subject of denatured alcohol has always been considered as referring to the conservation of waste products; and whereas, we believe that it is a feeding proposition enab- ling the dairy farms tolextract the fuel needed for consumption in the ma- chinery and lighting of the farm and at the same time to furnish from his own fields a more nearly balanced ra- tion; and whereas, the necessary ex; perimentation for determining the cost of production and the kind of process and machinery suitable to this devel— (Continued on page .697). MICHIGAN FARMER 7—687 I Twenty Years of Improving a n d Perfecting has produced in this, our 1916 model, 3 Cream Separator that cannot be approached as a profit,- Inaker for farmers. it represents the highest achievement in separator building. ()vcr 100.000 Reliance Cream Hep- arators have been placed in fa r in homes during the last tw 0 years. Learn about this. our newest model; it, goes ahead of anything over yet offered. I I I I I I I I I O . 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You would find a game farm, carried on in con- nection with your regular farm work, to be a source i of considerable profit. ing of game birds is, in itself, an intensely interest- ing occupation. Your own time would not neces- sarily have to be given to it. children—whoever is now taking care of your poultry —could rttu the game farm. Unquestionably your land is well adapted to the raising of at least one species, possibly several dif- ferent species, of game birds. wild turkey, and other birds are easily bred in cap- tivity—require comparatively little attention, (all for small initial expenditure in time and money. The subject is one to which you should give ser- ious consideration. All the information which we ' C; have regal‘dingit is at your disposal. If you will write for our booklet, “Game Farming for Profit and = —~ Pleasure”, we will gladly send you a copy without When writing use the coupon below. *_—. ~ Came Breeding Dept, Room “209 HERCULES POVVDER co. 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Full directions go with each one. They are instantaneous, sure. The $2 Size we will offer to our subscribers at $1, or six for $5, while they last. The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Michigan 692—12 THE‘ MI‘CH IGAN "F'AR.ME-R MAY 27, 1916. Well, that day, ridin’ in, I run up against some of Don Carlos’s vaque- ros. They pretended to be friendly, as they always done; but they laid me out with a crack on the head. When I came to I was layin’ in the road an’ Bonita was fussin’ over me. The mon- ey was gone; so was my horse. Pretty soon I come to all right, an’ Bonita spotted my horse off on the grass. She got him. I wasn’t goin’ to let her ride away alone when she told me she was in trouble. Besides, I figured myself disgraced; so we hit the trail for the Peloncillos. Bonita had Gene's horse an’ she was to meet him up on the trail. We got to the mountains all right an’ nearly starved for a few days till Gene found us. He had got in trouble himself an’ couldn’t fetch much with him. “We made for the Crags an’ built a cabin. I come down that day Gene sent his horse to you. Never saw Gene so broken-hearted! Well, after he sloped for the border Bonita an' Iwere hard put to it to keep alive; but we got along, an’ I think it was then she began to care a little for me. I killed cougars an’ went down to Rodeo to get bounties for the skins an’ bought grub an' supplies we needed. Once I went. into El Cajon an’ run plumb into Gene. He was back from the revolution an' cuttin’ up pretty bad; but I got away from him after doin' all I could to drag him out of town. A long time after that Gene trailed up to the Crags an', found us. Gene had stopped drinkin'; he‘d changed wonderful, an’ was fine an' dandy. It was then he began to pester the life out of me to make me marry Bonita. I was happy, so was she, an’ I was some scared of spoilin’ it. Bonita had been a little flirt, an' I was afraid she‘d get shy of a halter; so I bucked against Gene. But I was all locoed, as it turned out. Gene would come up occasionally, packin’ supplies for us, an’ always he'd get after me to do the right thing by Bonita. Gene's dog-gone hard to buck against; finally he fetched up Padre Marcos an’ we was married.” Danny paused in his narrative, breathing hard as if the memory of the wedding had stirred strong and thrills lug feeling in him. Stillwell's smile was rapturous. Madeline leaned to. ward Danny with her eyes shining. “Miss Hammond, an' you, Bill Still- well, -—listen, for this is a strange thing i've got to tell you. The afternoon Bonita an’ I were married, when Gene an‘ the padre had gone, I was happy one minute an‘ low-hearted the next. I was miserable because I had a bad name; I couldn’t go among my old friends without money to pay back what I‘d lost. I couldn't buy even a decent dress for my pretty wife. Boni- ta heard me sayin' so, an' she was some mysterious. She told me the story of what she called the lost mine of the padres an' she kissed me an’ made joyful over me in the strangest way. I knew marriage went to wonr en‘s heads, an’ I thought even Bonita had a spell. “Well, she left me for a little; an’ when she came back she said she want- ed to show me where she always sat an' waited and watched for me when I was away. She led me round under the tirags to a long slope. It was some pretty there—clear an” open, with a long sweep, an’ the desert yawnin' deep an’ red. An' there, under the Crags, was gold—gold everywhere—— surface goldwgold deep in the cracks. .At that l was worse than locoed. I went gold-crazy. I worked like seven- teen bnrros. Bill, I dug a carload of gold-bearin’ quarts an’ never got to live rock. Bonita watched the trails for me an’ brought me water. That was how she come to get caught by Pat Hawe an' his guerrillas. Hawe was so set on doin' Gene dirt that he mixed up with Don Carlos. Bonita will tell you some staggerin’ news about that outfit; but just now my story’s all gold." Danny Mains got up and kicked back his chair. Blue lightning gleamed from his eyes as he thrust his right hand toward Stillwell. “Bill, old pal, put her there—give me your hand!” he said. “You were al- ways my friend. It stuck in my craw how you refused to think I was crook- ed. Gene told me. Well, Danny Mains owes you an’ Gene Stewart 3. good deal an’ Danny Mains pays! I want two pardners to help me work my gold- 1nine——you an’ Gene! If there‘s any ranch hereabouts that takes your fancy l’ll buy it! If Miss Hammond ever gets tired of her range an’ stock an’ home I’ll buy them for Gene. If there's any railroad or town round here that she likes I'll buy it. If I see anythin’ myself that I like I’ll buy it! Go out,- find Gene for me. I’m achin' to see him, to tell him. Go fetch him, an’ right here in this house, with my wife an’ Miss Hammond as witnesses, we’ll draw up a pardnership. Go find him, Bill. I want to show him this gold, to show him how Danny Mains pays! An’ the only bitter drop in my cup today is that I can’t ever pay Monty Price'." Madeline’s lips tremblingly formed to tell Danny Mains and Stillwell that the cowboy they wanted so much had left the ranch; but the flame of fine loyalty that burned in Danny’s eyes, the happiness that made the old cattle- man’s face at once amazing and bean- tiful, stiffened her lips. She watched the huge Stillwell and the little cow- boy, both talking wildly, as they walk— ed off arm in arm to find Stewart. She imagined something of what Danny's disappointment would be, of the elder man's consternation and grief, when they learned that Stewart had left for the border. At this juncture she looked up to see a strange yet familiar figure approach- ing. It was Padre Marcos. Madeline felt herself tremblng. What did the padre‘s presence mean on this day? He had always seemed to avoid meeting her. He had been exceedingly grateful for all she had done for his people, his church, and himself; but he had never thanked her in person. Perhaps he had come for that purpose now; but Madeline did not believe so. Mention of Padre Marcos, or sight of him, had always occasioned Madeline a little indefinable shock; and now, as he stepped to the porch, a shrunken, stooped, and sad-faced man, she was startled. The padre bowed low to her. His voice was low-toned and grave. "Senora, will you grant me audi- ence?" he asked in perfect English. “Certainly, Padre Marcos, replied Madeline, and she led him into her office. “May I beg to close the doors?” he asked. “It is a matter of great mo- ment which you might not care to have anyone hear.” Wonderingly Madeline inclined her head. The padre gently closed one door and then the other. “Senora, I have come to dislcose a secret—my own sinfulness in keeping it-——and to implore your pardon. Do you remember that night when Senor Stewart dragged me before you in the waiting-room at El Cajon?" “Yes," replied Madeline. “Senora, since that night you have been Senor Stewart’s wife." Madeline became as motionless as stone. She seemed to feel nothing— only to hear. “You are Senor Stewart’s wife. I have kept the secret under fear of death; but I could keep it no longer. Senor Stewart may kill me now. Ah, senora, it is very strange to you! You were so frightened that night—~you knew not what happened. Senor Stew~ art threatened me. He forced you. He made me speak the service. He made you speak the Spanish ‘yes.’ And 1—— senora, knowing the deeds of these sin- ful cowboys, fearing worse than dis- grace to one so beautiful and as good as you, I could not do less than marry you truly. At least you should be his wife; so I married you in the service of my church.” “Good Heavens!” cried Madeline, rising. “Hear me! I implore you, senora, hear me out! Do not leave me! Ah, senora, let me speak a word for Senor Stewart. He did not know what he was doing that night. In the morning he came to me and made me swear by my cross that I would not reveal the disgrace he had put upon you. I did he would kill me. Life is nothing to the American vaquero, senora. I prom- ised to respect his command; but I did not tell him then that you were his wife. He did not dream I had truly married you. He went to fight for the freedom of my country—senora, he is one splendid soldier—~and I brooded over the sin of my secret. If he were killed, I need never tell you; but if he lived I knew that I must do so some day. “It was strange indeed that Senor Stewart and Padre Marcos should both come to this ranch together. The great change your goodness wrought in my beloved people was no greater than the change in Senor Stewart. Senora, I feared you would go away one day~ go back to your eastern home ignorant of the truth. The time came when I confessed to Stewart. I said that I must also tell you. I have never seen so supreme a joy. He threatened no more to kill me. That strong, cruel vaquero begged me not to tell the secret—never to reveal it. He confess- ed his love for you—a love, senora, something like the desert storm. He swore by all that was once sacred to him, and by my cross and my church, that he would be a good man—-that he would be worthy to have you secretly his wife for the little time life left him to worship at your shrine. You need never know. As long'as you did not leave the west, or seem to desire mar- riage, you need never know. But if you left, if you meant to marry, then he would go quietly and silently to his death. Senora, he meant it. Death has no terrors for such a man. I know that he would have welcomed death, because it would have served you. So I held my tongue, half pitying him, half fearing him, and praying for some God sent light. “Senora, it was a fool‘s paradise that Stewart lived in. I saw him often. When he took me up into the moun- tains to have me marry that wayward Bonita and her lover I learned to know the real Stewart. I came to have re spect for a man whose ideas about na- ture and life and God were at vari« ance with mine. He taught me many things. He made me doubt much that heretofore I have thought wisdom and truth. He professed to have no relig« ion; but the man is a worshiper of God in all material things. He is a part of the wind and sun and desert and moun‘ tain that have made him. He is like them. He may be hard and violent, but he is just and true. Remembering his vice of drunkenness, his love of fighting, his contempt of death, his in« difference to spilling blood, I was as- tounded to find a man of gentleness and kindness. I have never heard more beautiful words than those in which he persuaded Bonita to accept Senor Mains, to forget her old lovers, and henceforth to be faithful and happy. For Senor Stewart it was natural to be loyal to his friend, to have a fine sense of the honor due to a woman who had loved and given, to bring about their marriage, to succor them in their need and loneliness. It was natural for him to speak of them. He seldom speaks needlessly. It would have been natur— al for him to give his life in their de- fense, if peril menaced them. Senora, I want you to understand that to me the man-has the same stability, the same strength, the same elements which I am in the habit of attributing to the physical life around me in this wild and rugged desert. If you can see that, you will see he is wonderful.” Madeline listened as one under a spell. It was not only that this soft- voiced, eloquent priest knew how to move the heart, to stir, the soul; but his defense, his praise of Stewart, if they had been couched in the crude speech of cowboys, would have been a glory to her. “Senora, I pray you, do not misun- derstand my mission. Beyond my con~ fession to you I have only one duty—- to tell you of the man whose wife you are. The ways of God are inscrutable. I am‘ only a humble instrument. You are a noble woman, and Senor Stewart is a man of desert iron forged anew in the crucible of love. Quien sabe? Senor Stewart swore he would kill me if I betrayed him; but he will not lift his hand against me. For the man bears you a very great and pure love, and it has changed him. I no longer fear his threat, but I Spoke of his love, of his fool’s paradise. I have watched his dark face turned to the sun setting over the desert. I have watched him lift it to the light of the stars. Senora, I am a priest, and I can read the soul, but no poor words of mine would ever be adequate to express what is in Sen— or Stewart’s soul. Think, my gracious and noble lady, think what is his para dise. To love you above the spirit of the flesh; to know you are his wife; his, never to be another's except by his sacrifice; to watch you with a secret glory of joy and pride; to stand, while he might, detween you and evil; to find his happiness in seryice; to wait, with neyer a dream of telling you, for the hour to come when, to leave you free, he must go out to his death. “Senora, that is beautiful, it is sub- lime, it is terrible, it is appalling. It has brought me to you with my mates sion. I repeat, senora, the ways of God are inscrutable. What is the meaning of your influence upon Senor Stewart? Once he was merely an animal—low, vile, brutal, unheeding, unquickened; now he is a man~l have not seen his like} So I beseech you in my humble office as priest, as a lover of mankind, before you send Stewart away to seek death, to be sure that there is no mys~ terious dispensation of God. Love, that mighty and blessed and unknown thing, might be at work. Senora, I have heard that somewhere, in the rich eastern cities, you are a. very great lady. I know you are good and noble. That is all I want to know. To me you are only a woman, just as Senor Stew- art is only a man. So I pray you, sen- ora, before you let Stewart give you freedom at such c0st, be sure you do not want his love, lest you cast away something sweet and ennobling which you yourself have created!” Blinded, like a wild creature, Made‘ line. Hammond ran to her room. She felt as if a stroke of lightning had shattered the shadowy substance of the dream that she had made of real life. The wonder of Danny Main's story, the strange regret with which lliéiiiiiih.iiiii?!EiiiiiiiitiiiiéiitimiHf?{SHHEiiEEiiiiitiiElill,fitiéiiilfllliiiilliiiiliiifl!iIiHHHHIHHHHiHII MEMORIAL DAY. ANNA M. S'l’l-LAILVS. Again the spring—fair blossom time is here; The earth responds to nature’s call of cheer, But still our hearts are sad, soft falls the tear As we pay tribute to our soldier dead. And as we bring our wealth of bloom today, Our hearts enshrine alike both Blue and Gray, All bitterness and strife are washed away As weblaiy blossoms o'er each hero's e . Again we praise our Father God above, For freedom’s heritage, and may we prove More worthy of such blessings and such love, And of such countrymen as have been ours. We are grateful for the heroes' true and brave, Who died our well‘ beloved land to_ save, Long may Old Glory o’er each low mound wave ‘ And grateful hands thru all the years bring flowers. ‘ MAY 27. 1916. she had realized her injustice to Stew- art, the astounding secret revealed by Padre Marcos—all these things were Eutterly forgotten inthe sudden con- sciousness of her own love. She fled as if pursued. With tremb- ling hands she locked the doors; drew the blinds of the windows that opened on the porch; pushed chairs aside so that she could pace the length of her room. She was alone now, and she walked with ' soft hurried, uneven steps. She could be herself here; she needed no mask; the long-established habit of serenity hiding the truth from the world and from herself could be broken. She paused in her swift pacing to and fro. She liberated the thought that knocked at the gates of her mind. With quivering lips she whispered it. Then she spoke aloud: “I will say it—hear it. him! I love him!” She repeated the astounding truth, but she doubted her own identity. “Am 1 still Madeline Hammond? Vi'hat has happened? Who am I?” She stood where the light from the one unclosed window fell upon her image in a mirror. “Who is this woman ?" She expected to see a familiar, dig< nified person——a quiet unruffled figure ——a tranquil face with dark, proud eyes and calm, proud lips. No, she did not see Madeline Hammond. She did not see anyone she knew. W’ ere her eyes, like her heart, playing her false? The figure before her was instinct with pulsating life. The hands she saw were clasped together and pressed deep into a swelling bosom that heav— ed with each panting breath. The face she sawwwhite, rapt, strangely glow— ing, with parted quivering lips, with great, staring, tragic eyes—~this could not be Madeline Hammond’s face! Yet, as she looked, she knew that no fancy could really deceive her——-that she was only Madeline Hammond come at last to the end of brooding dreams. She swiftly realized the change in her, divined it as inevitable, and straight.- way fell back again into that mood of bewildering amaze. Calmness was unattainable; tranquil- ity was impossible. She could not go back to count the innumerable, imper- ceptible steps of her undoing. Her old power of reflecting and analyzing seemed to have vanished in a pulse- slirring sense of one new emotion. She only felt. ~ All her pacing strides and quick breaths and tingling nerves and muff- led, painful heart-beats—all her in- stinctive outward action that was a physical relief~~all her involuntary in- ner strife that was maddening, yet un- utterably sweet, seemed to be just one great stunning effect of surprise. In a nature like hers, where strength of feeling had long been inhibited as a matter of training, such a transforma- tion as the sudden consciousness of passionate love required time for its awakening, time for its sway. But at last the enlightening moment came; and Madeline Hammond faced not only the love in her heart, but the thought of the man she loved. When she let herself think of Gene Stewartfithink that the impossible had happened and that she loved him ——then she became a woman in the multiple incomprehensible ways where- in she had never understood woman- hood. For a moment, or an hour, she imagined she was merely a prey to the emotions that might rush to the over- whelming of one of her sex. She loved him, but he was a cowboy, and she could never be anything to him. She had unwittingly allowed her love of the range and the desert and the moun- tain, of the great free, outdoor west, to I—I—love trap her into an infatuation for one .. of its wild characters. It was not wholly Stewart whom she loved, but the west as embodied in him. She would get over her madness. . Some such lesson might have been ex- pected as punishment for the sum- THE lMICHIGAN FARMER ; mary disruption of her life in the east. She merited the lesson. ' This, then, was the conclusive event in that long struggle to decide her fu- ture. She would go home where she belonged, where there were no stal- wart, violent, fire-tempered cowboys to fascinate a young woman who had an innate weakness for the elemental! Suddenly as she raged, something in her took arms against the indictment of Gene Stewart. She saw him drunk, violent, brutal; she saw him abandon— ed, base, lost; but out of the picture she had made there grew one of a dif- ferent man—weak, sick, changed by shock, growing strong, strangely alter- ed in spirit, silent, lonely like an eagle,— secretive, tireless, faithful, soft as a woman, hard as iron to endure, and, at the last, noble. She softened. In a flash her coniplex mood changed to one wherein she thought of the truth, the beauty, the wonder of Stewart’s uplifting. Humbly she trusted that she had helped him to climb. That influence had been the best she had ever exerted. it had wrought magic in her own character. By it she had reached a better, higher, nobler plane of trust in man. She had received infinitely more than she had given. _ “Oh, it is terrible!” she cried. “I am his wife-his wife! And I can never be anything to him. Could 1 be any- thing to him—l, Madeline Hammond? But I am his wife, and i love him! I am the wife of a cowboy. That might be done. Can my love be undone? Ah, do I want anything undone? He is gone and probably forever. Could he have meant—l will not, dare not, think of that. He will come back. No, he never will come back. Oh, what shall I do?" For following that storm of feeling were lcaden-l’ooted, endless, hopeless, a long succession of weary hours, sleepless hours, pasionate hours, all haunted by a fear slowly growing into torture—— 3. fear that Stewart had crossed the border to invite the bullet which would give her freedom. And finally the day came when she knew this to be the truth. The spir- itual tidings reached her, not subtly as so many divinations had come, but in a clear, vital flash of certainty. Then indeed she suffered. She burn~ ed inwardly, and the nature of that deep fire showed through her eyes. She kept to herself, waiting, waiting, for her fears to be confirmed. At times she broke out in wrath—~at the circumstances that she had failed to control, at Stewart, at herself. She had been blind to a man's honesty, manlincss, uprightness, and faith. She had been dead to love, to nobility that she had herself created. Padre Mar- cos’s grave, wise words returned to haunt her. She fought her bitterness, scorned her intelligence, hated her pride, and, weakening, gave up more and more to a yearning, almost hope- less hope. She had shunned the light of the stars, as she had violently dismissed every haunting memory of Stewart's kisses. erately to her window. There they shone. Her stars! Bright, beautiful, white, serene, passionless as always, but strangely closer, warmer, speaking a kinder language, helpful as they had ever been, teaching her now that re- gret was futile, revealing to her the supreme duty of lit‘e—to'be true! Those shining stars made her yield. She whispered to them that they had claimed her—the west claimed her~— Stewart claimed her forever, whether he lived or died. She gave herself up wholly to her love for him. It was as if he were there in person, dark‘faced, fire-eyed, violent in his ac— tion, crushing her to his breast in that farewell moment, kissing her with one burning kiss of passion, then with cold, terrible lips of renunciation. (Continued next week). 13—693 Madeline Hammond the days; :MakeYour Car to But one night she went delib-x l — “mmmmmmvuu’. Ehampion ._ \ The Over-Seas Tribute to Champion Europe comes to America for many articles which Yankee ingenuity pro. duces cheapl y. But when Europe pays America a quality tribute, she does so grudg- ingly, and only after indisputable proof of exceptional superiority. Yet leading European spark plug manufacturers buy Champion made Dependability porcelain insulators in large quanti- ties for their quality plugs. And in addition to European im« portations of our porcelains, the dis- criminating European trade demands over six hundred thousand complete Champion Dependable Spark Plugs annually—more than two thousand every work day in the year. At home. four out of five of the cars built this year are being equipped with Champions. No single indispensable item of motor our construction is so universally specified as exclusive equipment. You buy no other accessory for your car with such a clear and conclusive international quality tribute to guide: your selection. Remember this when you have occasion to replace the plugs in your car and specify Champions. Your dealer will tel 1 you “‘lllt ~11 one isdesigned especially to serve your particular make of motor. Champion Spark Plug Co. 509 Avoid-10A". Toledo, 0. ok «i It’san easy job—requires no ex- perience. A few hours work makes your car look “Spick and Spam” again. Repainting prevents rust, adds a ear or more service to it and INCRE SES ITS SELLING VALUE. Contains everything necessary to. repaint a Ford or similar sized car, including top. Simple directions on each can. QUALITY GUARANTEED. Complete $3.00 At hardware, paint and drug dealers. If our dealer cannot supply you, we will eliver on receipt of $3.00. feaslea-Gallbcrt Co, Inc. Dept. 29 Embllshed 1867 Louisville, Ky. l l i l l l l , ETHEFURNACE ‘3» THAT SAVES 7" YOU MONEY The heating plant has more to do with (‘dlllit wt in the home than any other one thing—so don't spoil your home life with a poor furnace. W0 lVElllNE FURNACES are. making thousands of farm homes comfort- able. 'l‘hey burn any fuel—do not heat the cellar—are easy to clean and operate and are sold direct to you from factory with all fixtures at the lowest possible price for first quality goods. ()ur own heating engineers plan every job and our own expert mechanics install it. Every job is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction and all castings guaranteed for five years. Send us a postal card today forziapage FREE catalog that tells all about WOLVERINE FUR- NACES. Ask for catalog No. 71. Marshall Furnace Company 17 Dobbins St, Marshall. Mich. BEST FOR THE READER rnnnlroas BEST FOR THE ADVERTISER Ohio Farmer. Cleveland, Ohio, (Role 60¢ per line ) Michigan Farmer. Detroit, llch. (Rate 40¢ per line) Ponnsylvanla Farmer Phllldtlphll. PI. Rate 30¢ per line.) Indiana Farmer. lndlunpolls. Ind. The Progressive Farmer Blmlnthnm—Rolelth Dolla—Iomphls. Breeder's Gazette, Chicoqull. Prairie Farmer Chicago. floard'x Dairyman. It. Atkinson. Wls. Wisconsin agri- culturlst, Racine. Wis. The Farmer, St. Paul. Him. The Farmer's Wife 7501).)» 3o) 5! Paul. Minn. Wallace's Farmer, Guaranteed Ono 1.000] Circulation Line Llnea "270.01,” 81.17 81.17 57,10l N m l C a lTlJ‘li .80 .‘M {Mill-l .60 .6‘) 10mm ,5.) .5” 67. «so . 40 . lo ' 62.454 .30 gm 1 40, 855 . 60 .55 WNW) .40 .lo Dos Mama. to. Kansas Farmer, Topeka. Kan. Pacific Rural Press San Francisco. Cal. 6!,1’53 .3!) .34) 132,004) .lti .lti Lottie-3 38.43; as 43 These publications are ('tlllt'wlctl to he the authoritative farm pupi‘l‘s of their individual For further information address W t GEQROE “t,- 1HERBERT. Inc. 03 em opresen at ve. Advertisin l .. CHICAGO, ILL. g B as WALLACE C. RICHARDSON. Inc. Western Representative. 41 Park Row. NEW YORK CITY. - AGENTS WANTED. to represent a reliable concern can- vassing among farmers in your own rience necessary. Liberal pay, and supplies furnished free to right part- ies. Reference required. Address. ADVERTISER. HIE fliE llfillllill MEIER, Detroit, Michigan 694—14 Furnace Heat Without Pipes HEAT your whole house‘ from the cellar, through one register, without the waste and woe of pipes. Save work-discomfort—dirt, trouble. Cut your fuel bills 25 % —keep your rooms properly ventilated. The Mueller Pipeless will do it for you. It’s a real furnace—guaranteed—and costs one third to half less than pipe furnace or hot water system. NW Substantial, practical construction in eures heating efficiency and long life. Goes in any size cellar—ifthere's no cellar under your house just dig a pit for it. Lessons fire dan ere—leaves cellar and contents cool. rite for our Free Book. a d s ' L. J. Mueller Furnace Co. filling; Wig. yakers of heating systems of all kinds since $57. Can supply you with regular. hot air plipe furnaces. steam or hot. water beilera and apor heating eyeteme. Give you honest ed- mce on your heating requirements. Just write me a post- . card With your name and address and I’ll _. send you my.big new 1916 . * Buggy Iliad: With my special . -- rice-spi mg, money-sav- .HnigkOffer'thfhmk of it! —‘-a genuine Split c ory is year as ow as onl member, I give— Y 53915 and up. so DAYS FREE :23: .\_\ i | l l i l l l . l / use. co. 8mm 58 f Columbus. Ohio ii , : ”3. 4 Catalo Shows "m“ ISO Othegst tiles spur HlCKOR $39 a? MENTsti‘lliitttll Sell the New Improv- . ed Monitor Self-Heat- ' . ing Iron-the “World’i ‘ 1 Beat”— Nicltel laid throu ghout -—8vet 50,000 in use. Positively the easiest. fastest selling, Lewes t: Priced, known iron made. Binding . . . Guarantee. No‘ experience needed. Big profits for all or time. Evans. N. Can. sold two dozen on Sat.. Mn. ixon, VL. sold eight lint half day. New low terms. elusive temtory. Sample free to workers. Write today. Monitor Sad Iron Co. 732 Wayne St, Bin Prairle, 0. DAHLIAS Send us one Dollar and we will ship you parcel post one dozen of our prize Winning Dalilias in various colors. all labeled true to name. Baumanns Dahlia Gardens, BIRMINGHAM, MIOH. WEAR YOUR OWN WOOL Spun and woven by the old homespun methods. just as the Pilgrim Mothers did it for the Pilgrim Fathers. We will make you pure wool blankets. campers blankets. tweeds, lulled .cloth. flannels. wool batting. yarn, and hosiery. if you Will send us your wool. Write today for price list, and learn how to save money on the best wooleiis. REED ClTY WOOLEN MILLS. _ . Established I883. :- Reed City. Mich was to happen that day. it, he thought, with his awakening yawn—then bounded out of bed with a chuckle of delight. home, of course. was up that day. home with her mother as housekeeper and things would once more assume their normal way. itions. THE‘MICHIGAN FARMER- MAY 20, 1916. Yemen 11?de Neale ,At‘ Horne. and ,ElieWfiere "\ @856 - The i Domestic Crucible—27 ' All’s Well that Ends Wcll morning with a distinct feeling that something unusually pleasant What was JOHN MARTIN awoke on Saturday Grace was coming Her week in the city Also his week at For home had not been exactly home to John during the seven days Grace was away enjoying her first vacation since her marriage. Now that the Edging No. 1. time was so near up, John magnani- mously admitted that Mrs. Martin meant well, though when she had car- ried in a half cord of wood because he forgot to fill the box, and done a big washing strictly against Grace’s or- ders, he was far from crediting her with anything but malicious inten- He was sure then that she wanted 10 make out that Grace was an overworked martyr, but now he told himself she was Grace's mother and getting old and childish and one must make allowance for.hm‘ foibles. He Whisllcd gaily as he dressed and sal- lied forth for the day, at, peace with the world and ready 10 be friends with everybody. Mrs. Martin 10 'ed worn and tired as she hustled about the kitchen mak- ing gems, slicing bacon, and patting potato balls into delicious looking lit- tle lake». It had been a hard week for her. Not that the work was more than she did at home, but, it was one thing to please an almost new son-in- law, and another to cook for a broke-1r to-double-harness husband. Somehow she never could just. tell wheihei- John was pleased or displeased, and the nor- vous strain had tired her more than the washing and wood-carrying. She brightened visibly when John said gaily: “Just four hours more and Gracie will be home,” and actually sang a few bars of "Silver Threads Among the Gold,” when John left for the barn while she finished up the breakfast. The week was going to end happily af- Edging No. 2. ter all, and Grace would come home to find everything running just as she left it. ‘ The gems were soon in the oven, sending forth an appetizing odor, the potato balls browning just to a turn on the range and the bacon sizzling sa‘ucily in the skillet. Breakfast would be ready now on the minute and John could get started in good season for the train and Grace. She peered at the bacon with a meditative air. Now was there enough for breakfast? John and the hired man both had good ap- petites, and she felt hungry herself. The pieces which had seemed large when she put them over to cook had shrunken alarmingly; they would scarcely cover the bottom of the plat- ter, to say nothing about being piled up a little. She decided to cut some more and bllSllGd 10 the table where the side of bacon and huge meat knife still lay. Just then she spied John and the man leave the barn and start for the house. She must hurry if she was to have breakfast ready the minute they were. Seizing the knife she made a pass at the bacon, but the meat, board was greasy from the previous cutting of meat, the bacon swerved and Ihe mur- derous knife came down across the back of her four fingers. \Yilh a moan of pain she dropped the knife and sank into a chair 31151 as John opened the kitchen door. The sight of blood al. ways unnerved her, and John entered to find his mother-in-law in a faint and blood dripping in a pool by her chair. Like many another hale and hearty man he had no more idea what to do in such an emergency than a child of six years would have had. “later was the proper thing for faints, he remem- Edging No. 3. bercd l() have, read, so seizing the wa- ter pail, which had just been filled with icy water, he threw its entire contents: over Mrs. Marlin and then began wildly ringing the, dinner bell. Both act.q brought immediate results. Mrs. Marlin promptly splintered out of her faint and the hired man rushed in, closely followed by Aunt, Ann Smedley from over the way. Between shivers of cold and gasps of fright Mrs. Martin managed 10 tell what she had done, and while John brought mop and buck- et and cleaned up the floor, Aunt Ann bound up the fingers with absorbent cotion, “‘01 with peroxide of hydrogen, and finished the breakfast. Too fired and excited to eat, poor Mrs. Martin lay down on a couch in the corner and gave way 10 a few gen- tle tears. She had spoiled everything after all! But John was 'doing some thinking. He had awakened to a hap- py day, and he was bound to have it end so. Though his first feeling had been one of annoyance when he found out Mrs. Martin was not badly hurt, he put that aside and determined that Grace should find everybody happy when she arrived. Mrs. Martin didn’t deliberately cut her hand and he was a selfish chump to let an accident mar the day. He arose from the table, pulled the easy chair from the living-room out to Mrs. Martin’s plate, piled it with Cush- ions, and then lifting that astonished small person in his strong arms he de- posited her in the midst of the heap of cushions. “Now drink this,” he ordered, pour- ing a cup of steaming coffee and plac- ing it before her, “and then eat some Medallion No. 4. of these bully gems you made. I can recommend the potato balls, too, but owing to painful recollections I’ll not mention the bacon. Grace will be here in three hours, and if you haven’t had any breakfast, you won‘t be able to give her a fitting welcome. That coffee will steady your nerves and you need a square meal after the way you’ve waited on us this week.” Mrs. Martin meekly obeyed, and when John left an hour later to meet Grace she was again ll'Ollng about the kitchen ,trying With one hand to clear up the table. John caught, “Darling I Am Growing Old,” chanted in a quav- ering voice as he drove by the door and grinned with satisfaction. “How did things go ?" Grace demand- ed anxiously as she stepped from the train, even before she returned John’s hearty smack. “Bully,” John declared heartily. “Your mother is sure a proper cook, not to mention being a model mother- in—law.” DEBORAH. TATTING DESIGNS. BY MAE v. MAllAl'Ti'Y. One of the simplest of iatting de- signs is shown in illustration No. 1, this form being used for insertion or edging, as the case may be. Some- times when utilized as an insertion an edging is formed of one row of rings only. This is one of the easiest pat- terns for a, beginner IO follow. A ring (r), is made, consisting of 4 double knots or stitches (d >2), 1 picot (D), 4 Medallion No. 5. ds,1p,4ds,1p,4ds. Turnthe work and leave one-fourth of an inch of thread, and make a second ring. Turn the work again, leave one-fourth of an inch of thread, and make a third ring beside the first, connecting after the 4th d s with the 3rd p of let r. Continue thus, turning the work and alternating the rings from side to side. A quaint little edging, No. 2, is made with two shuttles, or the ball of thread "" MAY ,27, 1916. and one shuttle will answer. Thelfirst row requires only one shuttle. Make 4ds,1p,8ds,1p,4ds,anddraw up to form a three-quarter ring. Make 4 d s, and draw thread through 2nd p of preceding r, 8 d s, 1 p, 4 d s, and draw up, as before, proceeding thus until a sufficient length is made. Now fasten the other shuttle or the ball of thread to the lst 1), using the lst shut- tle in the right hand. Make 9 d s, 1 p, 9 d s, connect with p of preceding row, 5 d s, 1 p, 5 d s, and connect with next p of former row, and repeat for entire length of edging. No. 3 shows a more elaborate edg- ing, and also necessitates the use of ball and shuttle or two shuttles. A ring is made of 4 d s, 1 p, 4 d s, with one shuttle; then a chain (ch), of 9 d s. with both. A larger ring follows with 1st shuttle only, anti consists of 4 d s, 1 long picot, (1 p), 4 d s, 1 l p, 4ds,1lp,4ds. Closetherandch again4ds,llp,4ds,1p,4ds. A small r of 4 d s, 1 p, join to the 3rd p of large 1‘, and 4 d s, follows, after which a ch of 5 d s, 1 p, 3 d s, 1 p, 3 d s, 1 p, 5 d s, is made. Another small r caught to the 3rd p of the large one is, placed, and then a ch of 4 d s, 1 p, 4 d s, 1 l p, 4 d 5, connected with 2nd 1) of large 1‘. Ch 9 d s, and repeat from beginning, connecting l p in adjoining side chs of scallops. Medallion No. 4 consists of 10 rings of5ds,1p,4ds,1p,4ds,1p,5ds each, side picots connecting. Between these rings are chains of 6 d s, 1 p, 6 d s. Medallions of this character may have a web-like center made with a needle and thread, such as is used in Battenburg and other laces. They are also pretty with net centers. The remaining medallion has for its center a ring consisting of 8 p, with 2 d s between, the joining place serving as the 9th p. Ch 6 d s. Now r 4 d s, 1lp,3ds,1p,2ds,1p,2ds,1p, 3 d s, 1 l p, 4 d s. Ch 6, and join to 1st 1) of central 1'. Ch 6 again, and make another ring, connecting long side picots, etc. Medallions like the ones shown may be used singly or be joined to form in- sertion, edging or all—overs. When needed smaller medallions or simple rings may be utilized for filling in for the all—over effects so popular now for yokes, collars, and the like. BEET SUGAR VS. CANE SUGAR. The view is frequently held by house- wives that it is impossible to make jelly with beet sugar, and that cane sugar is necessary for this purpose. The general extent of this idea is indi- cated by the action of at least one of the large mail order houses of the country in appealing to the popular prejudice, by advertising that it sells only cane sugar. That such a view is incorrect is evi- dent i'rom the fact that beet sugar and cane sugar are the same identical sub- stance, one being extracted froni the sugar beet, the other from sugar cane. Any difference between beet and cane sugars would thus, of necessity, be due to the different character of impurities contaminating the two sources. How- ever, properly refined, granulated sug‘ ar, whether derived from beets or cane is one of the purest substances sold on the market, containing, at most, not more than one or two-tenths of one per cent of impurities. It is of interest to note that prac- tically the whole of the sugar used on the European continent is beet sugar. Certainly Europe has not fallen behind the United States in the quality of the jellies and other confections produced. —Col. Agri. College. Vi'hen washing pink or flesh colored garments which have faded, put a lit- tle red ink in the rinsing water. If they are badly faded rinse as usual and then rinse a second time in a small dish of water to which a liberal amount of the ink has been added.— Mrs. E. S. T. THEI.;MVI;CHI.GAN FARMER ll it “W i ’ DELCO -LIGHT ” Electricity ,, for Every Farm ”03 , FLOOD OF LIGHT Dclco Light brings city advantages to the farm. Furnishes electricity for both light and power—— takes much of the drudgery out of farm work —adds comfort: and convenience to farm life. Gas Engine and Dynamo in one compact unit—- so simple that a child can operate it. to get out of order or go wrong~starts itself and stops automatically fully charged. Furnishes 40 to 50 lights for house and ham and provides power for churn, cream separator. washing machine, sewing machine, etc. Lights average home for less than 5 cents a day.‘ Complete with batteries, ready to run $250 Write for Illustrated Folder lllanitfacfizrt’d by the some (7 vmzpany that makes Dr’s) frail/ring, Lighling and Iyni/imt fur autmnobilm— > That in iticlf is a gzmmn/mr 0" quality. The Domestic Engineering Company, Dayton. Ohio General Agent: M. L. LASLEY No. 1152‘ Fort St. West, Detroit, Mich. (1 $25029 Less 5% For Cash NOLhine; when batteries are \ THE COAST LINE T0 DETROIT, CLEVELAN D. BU FFALO.N IAGARA FALLS " ALPE NA, ST. IGNACE. TOLEDO, PT. H URON. Map. Address DETROIT & ML]! and Buflalo. either direction. these two months. dun s . if": hoiTsTEc‘i‘fich‘Etfi $65." ”D e em 1- t. . P ‘ TE’IPS WEEK NO STOPS ENROUTE EXCEPT AT DETROIT EVERY TRIP. Daily service between Toledo and Put-in-Bny. June 10th to Sept. 10th. , R Line Steamers between Detroit. Cleveland tor illustrated pamphlet and Great Lakes 0A1) TICKETS ACCEPTED on D. & C. Send two cent stain Detroit, itch. NAVIGATION CO. L. G. Lewis. G. P. A.. CLEVELAND . , P. H. McMILLAN. Free. A. A. SCHANTZ. V. P. k G. M. r fl A REAL VACATION --The Water Way is the Only Way Daily service between Detroit and Budalo and Detroit and Cleveland. Day July and August. as well as two boats out pf) Detroit VELAND and Cleveland every Saturday an UR TRIPS WEEKLY FROJ TOLEDO WAY PORTS—From June 25th to trips during TO hIACKINAC ISLAND TWO Central Standard Time. For more than thirty years we have been building high grade Buggies here. and today we are selling our full line of splendid vehicles at ”B e to re- the .WAR" 1) r i c c s. livery job i s f ll 1 l y guaranteed. Dept. M. Buggy Book FREE \ ,. . ’\ 1.: ‘0, m It also mnulncitm Italian and commercial bodies 101' Intamnbilu. Catalan Free on Application. Dollars Saved Whoa ou Buyot a. Kalamazoo Carriage 5 flatness Co. Kalamazoo, Mich. Kil I All Flies! "33:3“ Placed nnywhereJ'ulsy Fly Killer ntt to ' flies. Nest. c toe and blind] , ornamental, convenient. and cheap. ‘ . anuro mythi . G - I, .“d’ ‘ . toad ofiactiveli‘ ABET?!“ 4 ginfleissficy Daisy Fly Killer . - - sold by dealers. or a sent by exprul. prop-id. 81.00. HAROLD IOIIRI! I'D OCR-l0 AV... Brooklyn, I.Ya The "Berlin lheWhite Basket That secures highest rices for your fruit. , 'rite for 1916 catalog _ showinguurcompleteline " and secure your baskets and crates at WINTER DISOOI'NTS. Tile Boriln Fruit Bu (:0. Ilrlin Heights. Ollie. Quart” One llun Full line Get list. ' I" I. F‘ t tired Mixed Astor Plants “$2.31. quii‘i‘ii. of bedding and re etalile plants. Retail only. Paul L. Word. Ifillsdale. Mich. ‘Farms and Firm lands FoiSala Money-Making Farm 96 Acres - - $3800. Productive mil. wire fenced ; spring-watered pt'uturo.‘ Ill-rm house in l at class repair. with running water .‘ ham for 13 cow-a ; large u ngon house and poultry house ; abundance apples. pears. plums, cherries ,; near village. daily mail. telephone. aner has other interests and if taken immediately he will include pair horses. H cows. Hikes, hugs. chickens. farming molt! and machinery. with l acre potatoes. K acres corn an»! 1‘3 acres oats. ”$10 takes all, part down. 881: terms. For details and picture of the beautiful maple alluded resxdence see age 43, “ Stmuta'a Money ~Making Farms." copy 'ree. ii. A. S’I‘Rllli'l' FARM Ai‘ui‘LNUY. Dept. 101. Land Title Bldg. l’liiln.. Pa. Tel. Locust. U71) LANDS FOR SALE. 20,000 Acres of No. 1 hardwood cut over laud-i, a part. of which has been cut over several yeara and burned overcom paratiroly clean.seede. l‘ricc sitcom» to Sflfitubtl. \‘oungcr lnull t-Iilvi-s l'roni $-|ll.(lll up. BLISSVELD'I‘ ITARbIS, Do You Want A Bum Ready For Service. From a. grand daughter of The King of the Pontiacs. Hirud by a bull that IH more than a. half brother to the Champion Holstein (‘ow of the World. and whose dam in (II-ill lb. 6’23; ‘11 fat daughter of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more. 30 lb. daughters than any other living bull. If you do write for pedigree. EDWIN s. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich. FOR SALE SOME VERY FINE YOUNG BULLS Whose sires hmc as high as 3] lbs. of butter behind them. AH they are young, Will make a low price on them. BIGEI.()\V'S IIOLSTEIN FARMS. BREEDSVILLE. MICII. .lcnison. Michigan OLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Oct. 5. A splendid in dividual, wcll grown, and of choice III-ceding. Dam hm A.R.0_rocord, butter deys 18.04 lbs. milk “9.8 out 2yr.old. Sire Albino Bonte Butter Boy No.93124. W. B. Render. Howcll,Mich. HOLSTElN-FRIESIAN CATTLE Herd headed by grandson of King chis Pontiac, and tuberculin tcstcd annually. A few choice young bulls from dams having official records . PEACELAND STOCK FARM, Three Rivers. Mich. Chas. Peters, Herdsman. C.L. Brody. Owner, I‘ort lluron,Mich_ . Big Holstein Iiull 2 yr. old. Good breeding. For sale- lieg. bulls and heifers 101nm. old. Ferd. J. Lungs. Sebewaing. Mich. THE MICHIGAN FARMFR Also some good farmer’s boars. Purebred Resistant! H O LST E l N CATTLE Holden”, the best dual purpose breed. Holstein merit the basic principal. The sound administration of the Htilstcin-Frlcsian Associat- ion slncc 1871. has been the helpful influence, the educational advance, agent, and not the basic prin— cipal, for the basIc principal of Holstein prosperity is the gcnuIne and demonstrated sIIperioIity of the purchrcdreglstcrcd Holsteins :Is the largest and most economical producers of milk and the most profitable dual purpose breed. All of the clever exploitation and the most prolific. advertising in the world would not have placed the Black—and— Whlte breed where it is, had not genuine superior merit been its foundation. Investigate the big "Black-and-Whltes." Send for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets 'I'Itc IIoIsthn-l-‘rlesian Association at America P. L. Houzhton. Scc‘y.. Box It“. BraIIIeboro. VI. dial invitation is extended to visit the farm and inspect the stock, young Jersey bulls in Michigan we have him for sale. Breakwater Farm, Swine Dept., Ann Arbor, Mich. 75 ets Hazel~let grandson of Maplecrest De Kol arthenea. and Pontiac Malt 30.2 lb. Born March 26. Traces to De Kol 2d 17 times. Dam Pontiac llesperin 2d. a Pontiac Korndyite, Pontiac Cornucopia and Pon- tiacfiurke combination. M. L. McLaulin. lledforthiit-hJ ' Bull (‘alves and Cow I nave IIOlSielli BllllS, that 1 ofler for sale: I can show breeding. records, individuality and atlrae Live prices. L. E. CONNELL, Fayette, Ohio. “i'I'0 P N OTCII ” Holsteins By careful retention, for many years. of largest .'pro. ducing females. and use of supcrior Blrf‘h‘. a breeding herd of wonderful quailty has been establishcd. We are selling ~young bullsof this“! ()I’ NU]‘(‘H"(IIIality. of serviceable age. at moderate iriccs. Information, pedigrees. etc. on application. .‘i' CPEERSON FA HMS 00.. Howell. Michigan. FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls ready for service. and bull calves. also females. FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell, Michigan. 1 EG. Bolstein—Freisian cows and heifers. some fresh and some ready to freshen $125. lie-g. bulls 830 up} Frank Station. R. 3, Box 33, Howard City, Mich. Holstein-Friesian Cattle. HOBART \V. FAY, Mason, Michigan. WANTE ,Slx good mcn to buy purc brcd IIOISTICIN BULL VALVES. (Iomz’notcs on a year‘s timcncccptcd in pay- ment. GEO. l). CLARKE, VASSAR. MICH. hly cntirc herd of high grade Holstein For sale (‘ows and llcilcrs. Also one km. Il—yr, old Percheron stud roll or will tratlc for ltcg Holstein cows. Arthur N. liirlvliolz, New Buffalo, MIch. HUNT: HULS'I‘EIN “I‘LLS—all from A.}f.().dama lintirc herd on Semi of. test for yearly work. Jr. 2-yr..old just finished year’s record of over 15.000 lbs. ynilk.over1tltltl lbs. butter record in mature class.(‘hcrry ('rcck Stock Farm. _\I.l‘.‘. l’armclle, l’rop.. Illlllflr(i:~.Mlt'll. FOR SALE licg. llolstein females. l'ontiac Korndyke and- }lcngcrveld lleliol Breeding. l’rice right. 1 to 5 years. John A. Rinke, Warren, Mich. 6 Holstein Bulls Ileadvl‘or scrvice, at farmcrs‘ prices. All have high ice-ting A. It. 0. daughters from world llccord Sire, nothingbcttcratan) pricc. LUNG illiAFH FARM, Gull Lake. (Kalamazoo Cur Michigan. Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R. of M. Cows, also heifer calves and several bred heifers for sale. Colon O. Lillie, Coopersville. Mich. FUR SAl.lC~3 yearlin "Ope Farm Jerseys bulls. 2 bull calves. g GEORGE C. BORCK. Grand Haven. Mich. from high-producing dams.with Jersey 8“"3 lor sale testin Asso. records. also on semi-official test. 0. B. Wcfinsr, R. 6. Allegan. Mich READY FOR SERVICE, and sev- ""3 18m}! Bill era] Heifers and Calves for sale. NOTTEN FARM. GRASS LAKE, MICHIGAN. Grade Jersey llerd For Sale FORTY COWS The result: of twenty years careful breeding and selection, are now offered for sale. Individual milk records have always been kept and are open for in- spection. If interested write for Iarticulars and if possible visit and examine. the her and their record. Delivery will be made at any time desired during the spring or early summer. A few regIstcred Jerseys also for sale. Address (ico. A. True. Armada, Mich. ' Majesty Breeding [he WildWOOd J'rsey Herd 4(lhead. tuberculin tested, herd now on ll of M test. No females i'orsalc. t'hoice young bulls for sale from Dams that are on test for {(-gistcr of Merit. “'ritoyour wants or come and see lllt'lll before bu) ing. ALVIN BALDEN. Capac, hilch. ' ' A l“ Inns. «hi. rvvliti .nlcr bull How Hillside Farm Jerseys mm»... 1.. ...i. 1).... a. .. n. .i M. tow with record of for. ll». of butter as n 3 yr. old. e is a . II line individual. l'rii'e right. t'. iv 0. Ilcukc. l'luillinti, .‘Ilcll. ll. of M. J l‘IllSl'IY H lClll) otlcr,s forsale Maple Lane tuberculin tcs’tctl cow‘s. heifers, bulls: and bull calves llilt‘lit‘tl by several gent-ration.s of II. of M. breeding. IR VIN FO.\. Allegnn. Michigan; JERSEY BULL CALF FOR SALE Ready for service. Majesty—Raleigh breeding. Mendowland Farm. “'siel'ulantk \\'atcrnuin. Ann Arbor, Mich. F0" S‘LE ._ Our herd bull. Jacoba's Fairy Emanon n age 4 years. kind. quick and sure. Must. be seen to be appreciated. Reasonufor selling. must change sires. . lso two yearling bulls from him. SMITH - PARKER. R. D. No. «l, Howell, Michigan. BIDWELL SHORTHORNS For "Beef and Milk" Registered bulls, Scotch - topped ronns, reds and white for sale. Farm at N.Y.(‘. Depot; also D. ’I‘. & I. R'y. AddmsGJLSchvodongr. BIDWELI. STOCK FARM Box 3. Tecumseh. Mich. Albion Stamp 3526'it) Shortliorn Cattle of both Sex for Sale W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan. , AlliY Bred Shorthorns of best Bates strains. No more females for sale at any price. B. Hummel, Mason, Michigan. Duroc Jersey Herd Boars Special Offering of High Class Full Boar Pigs. Breeding and Individuality good enough for breeders who appreciate the best. This is the best lot of fall pigs we have ever had to ofler. A cor- If you wish one of the best For further particulars, address, OR Sale—1‘2 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton Monarch 2nd,a, son of Avondalc. fromb to 9 mosold John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5., Michigan Five cows. ’l‘cn hcifcrs, lilvc bull Shilrlllom callin- calves: also herd bull for sale. Wme. Wm.J. Bell, Rose City, Mich. Shorthorn Cows and Bulls For Sale R. ll. Station. Elsie. H. B. l’l‘ZTliliH. t‘arland. Mich. Shorlhor AND POLLIZI) DURHAM.Q FOR SALE. ll Have rcd man and white. llavcovcr 100 head in herd. C. Carlson, Leroy, Mich. -Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all ,Shorlhorns ages for sale at farmers prices. t‘. W. (‘rum Secy. (‘enL Mich. Shorthorn Breeders‘ Assn. inf-Bride. Mich’ Two ,vr’l. red shorthorn Bulls. Roan (‘alf 9 mo. old Poll Angus liull calf. K Ino. old. not rcg. Priced to more quick. (‘llASli'h Stuck FIII'III, Alarltlth .‘lich., R. l. Loads feeders and two load yearling steers. Also ‘an show you any number i, 2 and 3 years old from 600 to 1200 lbs. Isaac Shanstum, Iiairfleld, Iowa. R-8 I Brown Swiss—One Bull Cali. ORCHARD LAWN DAIRY. LAWTON. MICE. nous. lloyallon Brod Berkshires. £3.11," i‘iil‘ljf’lli‘lfi‘ Elf: October boars and gilts, registered with papers. Satis- faction guaranteed. D. F. \"ulentinc. Supt" Tcnipernncc. Mich. ' Rows brcd to fan-ow in April. Best BCIkShlre "028m: breeding. Mapic l’lacc Farmsi C. S. BARTLETT, Propr. Pontiac, Michigan ‘ of best brcctling.of various ages.either Berksnlres sex. all rcgie-tcrcd stock. no akin, spot-ml reduced prIcc. \Vritc )our want~ quick. MItchell's Lakesidcliiarms. “.2, Bloomingdale, Mich. Berkshires (if various ages, either sex. open orhrcd, ‘ ‘ - prolific strains. llcglstcrcd. at moderate price. inlInhurst Stock I. am). Alniout. Michigan. Berkshires, ] havc'two choice Roars for l-Illl‘FiX mos. lold. “5‘? a llll't‘ lot of fall pills I an; juxt breeding. A. A. l‘A'l ll 1.1-0, It. i. lie. in rIIllc Mich. Boars for Sale (memylarfling‘ two ltlnIos: two 6 Irst class spr cimcns. J. H. BANGHART. East lensing, Mich. nunoc JERSEY sons :1”L’.‘fi."‘.’ii’§. not akin. W. C. TAYLOR. Milan, Michigan choice strains. . . E'l AIIIJIAN. bhepherd, BERRY LAWN FARM. Dunne JERSEY Atrial?” "rial; orders for spring pigs. Ii. I). Hcydcnpcrli. Wuy Madmen. —FZ l I 4' 7’ ’ . Duroc Jerseys I l and sprIng; Igs E‘llllf‘r sex from 0 Michigan, I l‘h’tK‘ .lcrscvs~l’anc_v fall )IlL’“ (either sex). Buff Hock eggs. ‘5 [Il'l' 1.3. H_ (X \l'. IA ghorn lggsS] per 15. John .\lc.\icoll. ii. 4, Stat ion A. f ling t‘it)’. Mich. —Scpt. bot. rs ready for st I'vice also open Duroc 18783! gilts and Milne sm- ~ bred for Aug. and Sept. E. H. MORRIS, MONROE, MICH. D U ROG J E RSEYS ;-- “’lfiiliifla‘“ present. \Vm.W. Kennedy, Grass Lake, Michigan. DUROG JERSE Y3'é...i"llr {3.11.3 Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings. Michigan. I have some good last September Duroc Jerseys Hours and gilts. (tilts \Iill be bred for Scptt-Inbcr farri-w. H. G. lieesler. It. No. 5, ('IIN-Oplllltu Michigan ()llHUN'H Ul'litlt‘fi (‘onilnnc sivc. quality. breed- inL’. “(:5th for sale. Pigs .It “caning IiIIIc. lieg— istered Jersey bull. Urlo L. DolImn, Quincy, MIch, Fir 9: le. lir ‘1 Rows. Ileavy Boned Durocs . 1...: .mi Sping Pigs. M. A. Bray, Okemos, (Ingham (‘ou Mich. Ready for service. Big DurocJersey Boa rs smooth, lcngth)‘ follows: Grand (‘lIampicn blood lines. Gllts bri-d for Sept. far- row. 1?. J. DROIYI‘, It. I. Monro... \IIt'lIigzin. t RaiééChesierwmtes g ‘Like This «It? Original big produced ,x V// HAVE started thousands of breeders on the road to success. I can help you. I wart tolplacc otnclhogi frog) ' ' . community w ll‘I‘i nm no a roar y re - Rigid-ii li‘e’igrigffiddyearly developers—ready for market at all): months oldi Write for my plan— 'Morc Money from Hogs. G. 8. BENJAMIN, B. P. D. ‘14; ’ SI ring rigs from the best blood lines CheSler Whlles foi' t-ill(‘.‘ l‘airs not. akln. F. W. ALEXANDER. Vassar. Mich. Also young 0. I. C. BRED GILTS, “up”... u o. J.CARL JEWETT, Mason. Mich. boa rs D 1. l Continuum“ Solicilld. ‘: . . (Chan—nmm‘ ' ‘Mu-lflh AMP—nub" Brightnido Farm Grand Ledgm Mich. SPRING BOARS of good type and Red Polled bull calves. Grand Ledge. Mich. .I.C John Berner and Son. 0 I . Choice serviceable boars. Choice. gilts all I I - Hold. Frill pigs, either sex. not nltin. Write for low prices and description. A. V. HATT, Grass Lake. Mich. ' -A nice lot of spring pi . Write on I 8- swme your wants. Meadow glow Stock Farm, Holland, Michigan. R. No. 5. 0 I C October boars weighing ‘Z‘mlbs. at 825 O O . each for,April shipment. C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan. Portland, Michigan MAY 27, 1916. ' Gilts bred for Ma and 0. l. 0. Hum for service. June furrow. 1 Di¥epay express. G. P . AN DREWS. Dansvlllc, Mich! o I c Serviceable boars. gills bred for June ' I 0 farrow. Booking orders for Spring pigs, no skin. H. W. MANN. Dansvllle. Michigan. 0 I C S ' I am booking orders for Spring pigs. . - - Wine- Ono yr, old Holstein bull for sale. Elmer E. Smith. Redford, Mich. o I C bred gilts all sold. am offering Sept. boars ' I - and gilts, large growthv ones, and booking orders for sprIng pigs.A.J. Barker, It. 1. Belmontdldlch- 0 I 0'8 {)0 Mar. and Apr. pigs. pairs and triosno akin. . - to lbred grits to furrow in Aug.. 3 HOIMID Bulls. Cloverleaf biock Farm, Monroe, Mich. Ii. No. l IG TYPE 0. I. C's. and (‘hester Whites. Special prices on all boars and fall pigs either sex These are sired by Abo 2nd, this bear sired our unbeaten breeders young herd at. every state fair we showed this year, other sires are Wonder Boy, White Hall and Allen. this hour was junior champion at Wis. State Fair last year. Now Mr. Buyer our pigs are all sired from champions, our price is no higher than other breeders and the Express ('0. charges just the same for a poor pig as it does for a good one. (let our catalog and see where the good ones are. We, are. booking for Spring pigs sired by Sch oolmastcr, the highest priced bear 0! the breed and the times G.(’hnnipion. We Reg. Free and ship 0. D. llolling View Stock Farms. Cass City. Mich. o I c! A few bred sows to farrow in April, May - - 3- and June.Ihave‘ztllastfall boars to ofler. also gilts. Have them not akin. All good stock. Otto B. Schulzc, Nashville. Mich. in“ mile weltof depot Some 2-yeaI-old sows bred. 00,0008 all pig-4, either sex. A. R. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan. 0 I c Springpigs. both sex.$i(l.0(l each at weaning - I - time. Booking orders now. Recorded free. Satisfaction gunnntesd. Julian P. Clinton, Flint, Mich.R. B. ’ I - O. I. C. s Strictly Big Typo Two Sept. boars, [three 1915 .III y gilts, bred for July furrow, sired by Lenghty Prince, No. 38161. bred to “'ondcr «lth. No 3328?. he by Vi'onder 19069. one of the most popular boars of the breed. Have. the finest. lot of Spring pigs lsvcr raiscd. (‘an furnish in pairs not akin. NE \VhlAN‘S STOCK FARM. R.I,Marlette. "10h. 0. I. C. September pigs, ;§;2.1%9:.;1.P'°d E. B. MILETT, Fowlerville, Michigan. if you areintereste ' 0. II c- SWINE: (LI. (7‘s., let 111933311: you with a choice pair or trio, not akin. or a gilt, duo to furrow about September first. “—H A. J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich. . Boa rs at Half Price We still have a to w big boned. big type Poland China boars ready for Scrvlce. weighing up to 250 lbs. not. fat at $20 & $2.3 each. Registered in buyer‘s name. Also registered black Percheron Stallion Byears old 311).“). J. C. BUTLER. Portland, Mlch.. Bell Phone. 0 ' P: irs and trio not akin Blg Type Poland China (“1.1 of large litters. G. W. HOL'ION, lloute 1], Kalamazoo Michigan. ' ' —B«»; ,s f .' ; Big Type Poland Chinas i.....‘if...;’ofii‘l‘fié‘iififi?l"§ pigs. A. A. \VOOD &. SON. Saline. Michigan. (ill SALT-3, l’. (X Rows. "liIg lilype "bred for Sept. furrow. luxlra good 7 months boar. March and April pigs. 5.0.15. Minorcas. 1L“. Mills. Salinc,Mich. Poland China Spring‘ Pig's Our herd sirr was Champion and (”and Champion ntthc State law last fall. 0111' sows are great big, stretchy, splendid individuals, wiIh best breeding. Pigs from such,matings,wlll please you. Get our prices HILLCREST FARM KALAHAZOO, MICK. ' A few choice fall boars ready Large Slram P- c- for service, and ] May boar. Gilts for early farrow all sold. a. few choice (iilts to furrow in Aug. and Sept, brcd to black \Vonder and Oaklands Equal Jr. H.U.Swartz, Schoolcraft, Mich. cuts and sows. Bred for Mar. and large Tyle P. 0. April furrow. Sired by Big Des Moines, lg Knox Jr.,ahd Giant. Defender. Bred to Big Knoer. Smooth \V onderil ending Jumbo,fourgrcat- est boars in state. L‘onie crwrite. \V.l£. livingston,PanIIu,Mich. BIG. ’l‘ypc Poland Chinas. Sired by Big Type King, our llKltl lh. boar. Spring pigs. sired by big type King, Fescnutcyt-r A “'ondcr Jr. and Mow's Big “one. \I'. lireubaker dz Hone. Elsie, Michigan. ' either sex. all ages Some- For Sale Poland China: ”m... m”. ,,. ,, ,0... W... P. D. Long, R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids, Mich. l’oland (‘hinas Fall and Summer l’igs. Sous Bred. Egg.- t‘roni big Barred liocks Heavy Bone ROBERT NEVE, Pierson,MIchigan. $1.00 for 15. EGIS’I‘ERICD Poland (‘hina Sprmg Bonn: and flows at $15 each. Making thisspct Ial price to make room for others. A. G. )leudc, Stanton, Mir-11.,Colbys Ranch. L Type PC. Sows ti: Gilts all sold. Have 3 extra argo good spring boars. Sircd by Big Dcl‘ondcr. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Michigan. ' Swine all ages. lied Pull Bulls Larg. YorkShlre ready to use $75 each. E. S. CARR. HOMER. MICHIGAN. Large Yorkshires A353“; September igs. 2 spring boars. Prices reasonable. W. C. CO8K. Route No. l. ADA, MICHIGAN. GROWTHY THE olssAsn PROLIFIC "MULEFOOT" RESIST. PgOFITABLE HOG ING WE ARE now BOOKING ORDERS son SPRING PIC. THE CAHILL FARMS KALAMAZOO - - - - MICHIGAN ' ' $115.th .. -h for ui ~ksalo. Yearling Hampshire Boars S,,’....;‘“mg. s 0.0(ooach, registered. John \V. Snyder, Ii. 4, St. Johns. Mich. ' ' Bred Sows and gilts for August and "amPShlfe swme- September‘ furrows. Spring pigs, both sex. FLO Y1) MYERS, R. No. 9, Decatur. Ind. HORSES Registered Percherons Brood mares. fillies and young stallions priced to sell. Ins Icction illYllGd. HUN Eaton Rapids. Michidan Percherons, Holsteins. Angus, Shropshires, Duroc: DORR D. BUELL. Elmira. Michlfian} - 8 {Ir ld. H. . th Grey Hcglslered Puchoron .,,‘.,:.:,‘,’,’;S%,, 34038.“? him. T. H. LOVE, B. 3. Howell, Mic igan. FOR S ALE—Registered PeroheronStsilions, Mares an d Fillies at reasonable prIces. ln~ pection invited. F. L. K ING & SON. Char otte.Mioh. Olt SALE: Percheron Stud Colts. 11 months old, Duroc pigs, Feb. farrowed. either sex. I). . ALDRICH. Tckonsha. Cal., (‘0. Mich., Bell Phone. Breeders’ Directory—Continued on page 703. "or a,“ MAY 27, 1.916. El!!!"illIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"HUME " Veterinary. all"IIlllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllI—‘i CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S. Vaginal Hemorrhage—When my 12- year-old mare comes in heat she passes blood for several days. R. H., Jr., Ster- ling, Mich.———Give her a teaspoonful of fluid extract ergot at a dose three times a day. Vi‘ater Farcy.——I have a seven-year- Old mare that has water farcy and her leg opens in several places, discharg- ing a watery pus. E. H., Marion, Mich—Give her 1 dr. powdered sul~ phate iron and 1 dr. acetate of potash at a dose in feed.three times a day. Dissolve 14 lb. sugar of lead in a gal. ion of water and wet leg three times a day. Unless your name is signed to your next communication, it will not receive attention. This department is conducted solely for the benefit of our subscribers, but how are we to know them, unless their name and address accompanies their letter? Milk Sours Quickly.—I am milking six cows and the milk from them will sour in a cool mom in less than 24 hours. My cows appear to be healthy, and I am feeding them corn silage, clover hay, cornstalks, also corn and oats ground. F. C., Hersey, Mich.— Clean and disinfect your cow stable, remove all excrement, not only from stable but near by; perhaps your cow stable is not properly drained; besides, your cows may not be clean. I do not believe the fault is in the feed; neither do I believe your cows are unhealthy, but the milk becomes loaded with bac- teria, either at or after milking; or else your milk house is not sanitary. I also advise that your milking uten- sils he kept clean and thoroughly aired outdoors. G. L., Berrien Springs, Mich—Do not crush the warbles unless you open skin and allow them to escape: how- ever, you had better paint bunches oc- casionally with tincture iodine. Suppurating Glands—I have a three year-Old heifer giving milk; she has a round raw sore about the size of a fifty-cent piece on front leg and one on hind leg just above the hoof, and lately I noticed a few more bunches high up on the leg. H. W., Milford, Mich.—~ Paint sores and bunches with tincture of iodine three times a week and give her a teaspoonful of sulphur at a dose in feed twice a day. Eczema—l have a few four-month- old pigs whose skins are covered with a dry scab or scale. I have blistered them with kerosene, but they fail to get well. L. K., Yale, Mich—Apply one part oxide of zinc and five parts of vaseline three times a. week. Blood Poison—I have 40 R. I. Red hens (pullets) that have laid good all winter and are yet laying; besides, they appear to be healthy, but some of them break open on the breast and after a while die, but during this sick- ness they never stop laying. I have Opened the dead Ones and find they are fat and full of eggs. My White Leg. horns are all healthy. I lost a couple of the Reds in the winter: I took the corn away from the others and have had no trouble until lately. I am feed- ing oats and wheat. J. K., Otsego, Michwl am" inclined to believe that your hens are perhaps overly fleshy and die from suppurative gland trou- ble. If your other chickens are fed the same kind of food and are well, it would seem as though you were feed- ing about the right ration. Apply tinc- ture iodine to sore parts as soon as you discover them. Suppression of Urine—I frequently obtain valuable information by reading your veterinary column but fail to find a remedy for my three-year-old colt which has some difficulty in passing urine..His stall has a very strong odor, but his appetite appears to be good. H. B., Atkins, Mich—Give your horse a teaspoonful of acetate of pot- ash at a dose three times a day, until the desired effect is produced; then give the medicine as often as neces- sary. Splint—Bog Spavin.——My four-year- old mare has a. splint and I would like to know how to treat her. I also have a yearling colt with a wind-puff in hock joint. A. C., Melville, Mich—Apply one part red iodide mercury and eight parts lard to splint every week or ten days and apply one part powdered can« tharides and eight parts lard to bog spavin every week or ten days. Abortlon-—My mare lost her colt three months before foaling time, and since then she has not thrived and I would like to know if you would advise me to breed her again. B. S.,_ Fosters; Mich—It depends entirely upon cause of her miscarriage. If you have no cases of contagious abortion on your farm and if she has no vaginal dis- charge, breed her again. If she has a. ll llllllllllllllllllllllllllll Illlllllllllllllllllll THE MICHIGAN FARMER vaginal discharge, dissolve 1. dr. per- manganate of potash in three quarts of tepid water and wash out vagina three times a week. Weakness—Have a mare 11 years old that works and feels good in the morning, but in the afternoon tires, trembles and seems to be about all in. Her muscles tremble several times a‘ day, but these spells do not last long. I feed her four quarts of oats and hay every feed, but she is never satisfied, always appearing hungry and I have thought that her water was rather milky. F. B., Mancelona, Mich—In- crease her food supply and lighten her work until she gets in better condition. Give her 1 dr. of ground nux vomica, 1/; oz. tincture gentian, 1/2 oz. tincture cinchona at a dose three times a day. Chronic Indigestion—I have a four- year-old colt that has been in low flesh since middle of last winter. Since turning him to pasture I fail to see any improvement. E. C. Vii, Bellaire, Mich—His teeth may need a. little at- tention, also feed him grain in addition to his grass ration. Give 1/2 oz. Fowl‘ er's solution at a dose night and morn- ing for two or three weeks, or longer if you believe it necessary: Bunch on Shoulder.—-I have a black Percheron mare five years old that has a bunch on the middle of her shoulder and I am at a loss to know how to treat her. Clip off hair and apply tincture iodine once a day, or cut out bunch. Scrotal Hernia—I have a. suckling colt ten days old which seems to have a rupture in scrotum and I also have a calf which bloats when given milk. W. N. VV., Carsonville, Mich—If your colt is left alone, it might perhaps recover, if not a competent Vet. could doubtless . save it by performing a surgical opera- tion. Give your calf either hyposul- phite of soda or salicylic acid in milk or perhaps it you would sterilize milk the calf would not bloat. Barren Cow—I have a three-year- Old cow that, came fresh May, 1915, soon bred her and she got with calf, but lost her calf in September and since then she has failed to get with calf. Do you advise me to keep her for dairy purposes? Our local Vet. be- lieves that she will never be much of a milker, and will never be profitable for dairy purposes, unless she gets with calf. Do you advise me to try the yeast treatment on her? W. S., Bellaire, Mich.——All things considered I believe she had better be fatted and sold for beef; however, if she is the dairy type, you might try the yeast treatment; however, I am inclined to believe that she suffers from contagi- ous abortion. Sore Back—About April 8 I wrote you regarding a sore back on cow; you prescribed a remedy for this, but I am sorry to say she is no better. The sore, which is in the form of a scab or fine warts, is beginning to grow larger and is nearly five or six inches across. Tincture of iodine does not seem to help her. 0. A. R, Thompson- ville, Mich—Employ a Vet. and cut out the entire bunch is the only way to get rid of it. ”Weakness—I have a six-year-old gelding that lies down a great deal of the time, sometimes flat on his side. When he gets up he staggers and braces with his legs to prevent falling and after a time appears to walk off pretty well. I had him examined by our local Vet. who said he was foun- dered, but after I walked him about and backed him up, he changed his opinion. The horse has not had much exercise this winter, nor much grain, and has been fed mainly on pepper- mint hay which causes a looseness of the bowels and an abnormal secretion of urine. F. E. L., Decatur, Mich.~—- Change his food supply and give him 1 dr. fluid extract nux vomica, 1/; oz. of tincture gentian (comp), and 1 dr. of hydrochloric acid “dilute," U. S. P. in a pint of cold water as a drench three times a day. Inflammation of Eyes—VVhat can I do for sheep with a scum Over eyes? This is only at times. I have a flock of very fine sheep and find two among them that the eyes cover over, some- times they are totally blind. I have applied burnt alum which I blow into eye. Mrs. O. E. B., Hersey, Mich.— Discontinue blowing burnt alum into eyes, but occasionally blow a small quantity of calomel directly on eyeball and give each ewe 5 grs. of potassium iodide at a dose once or twice a. day in one-quarter pint of water. Imperfect Udder.—I have a young heifer that came fresh April 1. On the morning of the sixth I noticed that she did not give milk out of one teat to amount to anything, but has been the same the last two milkings. Her bag milk in it. Teat is in good shape, milk seems to be all right only it has no flows freely when there is any. What can I do for her? J. D. H., Ypsilanti, Mich—Gently hand-rub udder two or three times a day and feed her well, is all that can be done for her. 1 Vl’. G. W., Avoca, Mich.——- . lllllllll lllllllilllllllll l ll llllllllll ll 'illl llllll ll lllllllll” Will i Athletic As DR. H. L. llllilll|llllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllilll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllillllllllllllllllllllllllll A SPLENDID OPPORTUNITY FOR YOUNG MEN Study Veterinary Medicine. Have a profession of your own, be independent. It is one profession that is not crowded. Its future looks brighter than ever before. No one doubts the future of our great Livestock Industry. The prosperity of the Veterinarian goes hand in hand with the livestock industry. The U. S. Government needs Veterinarians as 1Meal: In- spectors, Serum Inspectors, etc. Become a qualified Veterinarian and a good Opening is practically waiting for you. ' The Grand Rapids Veterinary college Offers every opportunity for studying Veterinary Science. E E Three fully equipped_labo- E ratories, E A Veterinary hospital, g- Exceptional clinical facil- ities, A faculty of 12 members, Organized and Operated under state law. Board of Trustees. A Four Years’ Course of Six Months Each Year School year opens in September, ends in April. months each 'ear to earn money to pay expenses. Grand Rapids 0 fers remarkable opportunity to earn money while at college. ’ _ . Entrance qualifications one year of high school or its equivalent. We have 135 students; we want 250. Have organized foot-ball team. Lecture Course. . Four years at Grand Rapids Veterinary College will give you an efficient knowledge of Veterinary Medicme. Write for catalogue and information. Grand Rapids Veterinary College, 156 Louis St., Grand Rapids, Michigan, sociation. SCHUH, Dean of Faculty 4:; MON ARCH The Celina Mfg. Co., LINE of Wind Mlls, Pumps and Steel Tanks This mill can III? lllllllllllllllllllllllllllli be fitted on any make 0 tower. Write us for prices. Celina, Ohio 77 quickerthnn a man can nnhitch ' and bitch a team. Nutonly for hnybut for loading and unload» . t . ing grain, con , forti i My! . machinery. etc. with an IRELA ND HOIST Cost 10 a load. Ope rates easily, quickly and safe— . ly 'bpecial pulley ("or your engines. Circulars. . Inland Machlno 85 Foundry Co. 83 St . ‘ Alla ,. urn. . You can save _ two thirds of work and time " a . . .\ 4 ll \‘ . .1 ,_ , «’1 ZOK‘, Guaranteed. Free ate St.. Norwich. N. l . mfg” drug Iowa, Wood «W and thinglo mills. Save 25% on The Cost of Gasoline AUTO-VlM the Gasoline Rectifier. is an internal lubricant guaranteed to give 25 per. cent. moremilenge. I I0- VII causes perfect com- bustion, prevents oar- 5on, increasespower. For Autos. tractors. gasoline or coal-oil engines. No aci jut-ions substances. One gallon mctldea l gasoline or gasoline mixed with coal-oil. Rallon. Express prepaid. d. creosote can horor in- gallons 0! $1.85 pet The H. G. Chemical Products Co., Swetland Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio 23-—7o3 that; Three good lecture rooms, A large dissecting room, 1,800 free clinics in one year, 500 alumni who are all mak- ing good. Governed by Nearly Six COLON C. LILLIE, Pres. Board of Trustees 60 H E A 0F. muons run SALE PERCHEHUNS, CLYUESMLES and HACKNEYS Also 20 head of Choice Hackney mares with foal. Gentlemen i got on my selling clothes. Write for prices. JOHN CRAWFORD Colby Ranch, Stanton, Mich. f I of my largest horse barns by aVIng "st "0 fire May 6. I offer for sale two well bred and fine Recorded Percheron Stallions two years old last fall. At rices not much above that of work horses. These co to are sound and ti ht and will make fair sized horses. h are sired by lnisante Horace No. 52787, now owned by the State, and ke t at the Jackson Prison Farms. EDSON WOOD AN. PAW PAW. MICHIGAN. SHEEP. Kope Kon Farms SHROPSHIRES and DUROCS. KINDERIOOK. IICH Good yearling field Rama and Oxford Down Sheep. 9...... or.“ agearorsale. M. F. G‘ANBSLEY. Lounon. Mlchlgnn. flllllHllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIHIIIllllllllllllIllIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllfllIlllllIlllllllflllllllllllllflIllllllllllflfllllllllllIllHIIlllHIllHlllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllillllflllllllllllllllllllllll The Mid-Year Six 257 Cars in One lllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIIHIHIIIHIIIIHHIHHIlllllllllllllllllIIIIHIIIIllIlllllIllllllllllllllllll IllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlilllllllllllllll|||||IllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIIIlllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllll'llllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllll . $1325 f.go. b. Racine With 26 Extra Features A Tribute to John W. Bate The Efficiency Expert—Paid by 37 Noted Engineers The New lVIitchell car with its '26 extra features, is due tojohn W. Bate He built this model five-million- dollar plant, and equipped it with thousands of cost-saving machines. He has cut our factory costs in two. No other factory has'ever been able to produce such a car at this price. No other car at any price offers a like equipment. The Engineers’ Car Mr. Bate’s efficiency, in a thousand ways, shows in the car itself. He has stood for lighter, stronger parts. He has displaced heavy, brittle castings by the score. This New Mitchell contains 440 drop forgings and tough steel stamp- ings. He has made a light car supremely stanch. We know of six Mitchells which have averaged 164,372 miles each. That’s over 30 years of ordinary service. He has won the applause of great engi- neers, all the country over. \Ve have a list of 37 engineers—men of nation-wide fame —- who selected the Mitchell for their personal car. These noted experts found nothing to compare with it. Ask us to mail you the list. 73 New Ideas This year, for the first time, we bring out a Mid-Year Mitchell. We designed the body and equipment after the New York Show. It is built to embody all the best features brought out in 257 Show models. F. o. b. $ 1 32 Rad... For 5-Passenger Touring Car or 3-Passenger Roadster ‘ 7-Passenger Body $35 Extra High-speed. economical Six: 48- horsepower: 127- inch wheelbase; complete equipment, including 26 extra features. This touring car design—at the New York show—was voted the handsomest ever created. And 73 new ideas—the very latest attractions—are embodied in it. 26 Unique Features You will find in this New Mitchell 26 features which other cars don’t have. That is, few cars have even two of them, and no car more than four. These are extras, due to John W. Bates efficiency. All are paid for out of factory savings. By extras we mean a power tire pump, reversible headlights, Bate cantilever springs, etc. There are 26 such things- all costly and desired—which are almost exclusive to Mitchell. The Car to Keep When you buy a fine car— a car to keep— it is bound to be a Mitchell. - When you see this car, note its extras, read its records, you‘ll say, HThat’s what I’ve waited for.” The concern which builds it has been known to you all your life. It has spent 13 years, under John W. Bate, in develop- ing this marvelous car. If you don’t know the nearest Mitchell dealer, ask us for his name. MITCHELL-LEWIS MOTOR CO. Racine, Wis, U. S. A. 7 /" 7/ / / [7/ // J/ / or“ / / / / / , / I *‘ A‘A