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MAR





’ 1843.





VOL. CXLVII. No. 5 g

“It Numbc 899





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY JULY 29, 1916





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.Whed 18,43, “cumin 1916.





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' lnterd as second elm matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

'MOflice.





DETROIT, JULY 29, 1916





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





The federal farm

loan act, popular—

ly called the rural

credit law, has fin-

ally been passed by congress and re—

ceived the approval of the President.

This law creates new machinery for

the purpose of extending rural credit

on farm mortgage security at a reason-

able rate of interest and for relatively

long periods of time. Under the law

two systems are provided, one operat-

ing through regional land banks, so—

called, and the. other through joint

stock land banks.

' A federal loan board is created, com-

posed of the Secretary of the Treasury

and four members appointed by the

President. This board has authority

' to appoint examiners and other officers

who will be public officials. Under the

federal land bank system the country

is divided into twelve farm. loan dis-

tricts in each of which a federal land

bank, with subscribed capital of not

less than $750,000, is to be established.

The stock is to be sold at par in $5.00

denominations to any who may desire

Vito purchase same. Such stock as is not

sold in thirty days after being offered

is to be purchased by the Secretary of

the Treasury for the United States to

be later transferred at par to associa-

tions of borrowers.



The law further provides for the are-

-ation of local national farm loan as.

sociations, through which it is contem-

plated the federal land banks shall

make their loans. If no such organiza-

tion is formed in any community with-



- in a year, however, the federal farm

loan board may authorize a federal

land bank to make loans on farm lands

through approved agents. Ten or more

persons owning land qualified as secur—

ity for mortgage loan under the act

may form a loan association, provided



' the aggregate of loans desired by the

membership is not less than $20,000.

Each member must take stock in his

local association to an amount equiva~

‘évlent to five per cent of the amount he

‘Wishes to borrow. This stock is held

by the association in trust as security



7 for the member’s individual loans.



-These associations in turn must sub-

scribe for stock in the federal land



bank to an amount equivalent to five

per cent of the sum desired for their



‘members, which stock is held in trust

by the bank as security for the loans



__ .made through the association.





Loans are limited to those who own





The Federal Farm

Loan Act.





or cultivate farm lands or are about to

‘own and cultivate such lands, and only

fer specific purposes, as for the pur-





‘hhase of equipment, fertilizer, live

stock, etc., to provide buildings and im-

" rovements and to liquidate indebted-

ess for existing mortgages or for one

the purposes above mentioned. No





immune hum





hi-





more than, $10,000,a‘nd ho loan maybe

made for mdre than 50 per cent of the ,-





value of the land offered as security

and 20 per cent of the value of the per-

manent insured improvements upon

the same.





The loans must run not less than

five nor more than forty years. Pro-

vision is made for the repayment of

loans under an amortization planvor a

fixed number of annual or semi-annual

payments sufficient to cover the inter-

est and pay off the debt at the end of

the term for which the loan is made.





The bank making the loan is given

power to protect itself by recalling the

loans in whole or 1n part. Provision

is made for the issuing of bonds by the

federal land banks which will be sold

to general investors. The interest on

loans made farmers shall not exceed

six per cent and shall not be more

than one per cent higher than the in-

terest paid on the last preceding bond

issue. Provisions are made for the

financing of the loan associations

through a commission allowed for col-

lections. A legal reserve is provided

for both the land banks and the farm

loan associations. Agents of the land

banks provided for under the law are

to be banks, trust companies, mort~

gage banks, savings institutions, chart-

ered by the state, and rules are pre-

scribed for the conduct of business

through such agents until farm loan

associations become sufficiently nu-

merous to care for localities needing

funds.



In addition to the system of twelve

federal land banks and national farm

loan associations as noted above, the

act permits the establishment of joint

stock land banks and authorizes them

to carry on the business of lending di-

rectly to borrowers on farm mortgage

security and issuing farm loan bonds.

These banks must each have a capital

of not less than $250,000 and are plac-

ed under the supervision of the federal

loan board, but they do not receive

any financial assistance from the gov-

ernment. These banks are restricted

from lending more than $10,000 to a

single individual but are not restricted

as to the purpose for which specified

loans are made. Loans made by these

banks must, however, be made on the

amortization plan.



This, briefly outlined, is the machin-

ery provided for improved rural credit

in this country, after much investiga-

tion and deliberation by congress. The

adequacy of the machinery provided

and the popularity of the plan itself is

yet to be determined. While it may not

conform to the ideas of many who have

had a vital interest in the passage of

enabling legislation for the improve-

ment of rural credit conditions, it

should receive a fair trial before final

judgment is passed as to its sufficiency

or shortcomings.





The attractive prices now

prevailing for both mut-

ton and wool claim the

careful attention of the

farmers of the country. Time was

when the “golden hoof” was the

source of a considerable portion of the

cash income of the farms of Michigan

as well as many other states. With the

opening up of the government land for

free ranges on which large operators

grazed thousands of sheep, the flocks

became smaller and less numerous up-

on our farms, since farmers located on

high-priced lands could not compete





Our Sheep

Industry.





with sheep produced under range con-'





ditions. Later the antagonism between

cattlemen and sheepmen and the re-

striction of the free ranges, particu—

larly in the forest reservations, togeth-

er with the settlement of arable lands

in the sheep-grazing territory still

further limited the ,output, and finally

the opening of western lands in larger

units for homestead purposes has still

further out into the sheep business of

the great west. This condition should

naturally stimulate sheep production

upon the farms, and would do so to a

greater extent in many localities. par-





\





age and zpredatory am. -





mals which are a great discouragement

and handicap to sheep owners in many

sections of the state. ‘ .

That high-priced mutton and wool

has come to stay would seem to be ad-

equately proven by recently available

statistics. The country’s wool clip

for the current year is estimated in

round numbers at 4,000,000 pounds as

compared with a wool clip of 6,000,000

pounds in 1909, a decline in wool pro-

duction of 33% per cent, indicating a

similar decline in the production of

mutton. During this same period the

population of the country has increas-

ed from something like 85,000,000 to

around 100,000,000 persons, according

to the best available estimates of the

present population of the country. A

similar normal increase in our popula-

tion is assured during, future years, and

with the further encroachments on the

sheep ranges of the west—which at

present appear just as certain—the

sheep industry of the country is cer-

tain to continue in a rapid decline un-

less sheep raising again becomes a

greater factor in the live stock produc-

tion of the farms of the country. The

country needs more sheep, and the

sheep industry promises to be increas-

ingly profitable upon the average farm





and especially profitable upon the new-.





er farms which are being developed

from the cut-over lands in the north-

ern section of Michigan.





In one community of

Michigan a survey was

recently made with a

view of determining the

need for a visiting nurse, particularly

with a view to conserving the health

of the school children.



The result of the investigation as

embodied in the report showed that 70

per cent of 468 pupils examined had

abnormal conditions of the tonsils,

seven per cent had markedly inflamed

throats due to an infectious throat epi-

demic recently prevalent in the schools

while five per cent have had tonsils

and adenoids removed and show a

marked improvement in health and

progress, according to reports of both

parents and teachers.





Such nasal obstructions were found

to be closely associated with diseased





The Visiting

Nurse.





throats. Five per cent of the pupils had 9





defective hearing, while approximately

21 per cent were suffering from defec-

tive vision, of which a number were,

however, wearing glasses. Nineteen

pupils among those examined had sus-

picious symptoms of tuberculosis, and

15 had rapid or irregular pulse.



The report disclosed other interest-

ing facts which are given as reasons

for the employment of a visiting nurse

in every county. This movement has

gained popular favor in some of the 10-

calities where it has been inaugurated.





The hot drying weather

of recent weeks has

again brought the peo-

ple of the newer and more sparsely

settled sections of northern Michigan

face to face with the peril of forest

fires. Few settlers will need warnings

to exercise all ordinary precautions to

prevent fires from starting at points

where there is opportunity for them to

spread in a dangerous manner, not-

withstanding the fact that it may be a

good time for burning on the newly

cleared land. The fishermen and hunt-

ers may not be so careful, while fires

are ever amenace along railroad rights





Forest Fires.





of way. State lands under the super- ~





vision of the Public Domain Commis-

sion are better protected and patrolled

than ever before in the history of the

state, and there is consequently less

danger of fire originating on such lands.

, But in addition to ordinary precau-

tions, it will be found the part of wis-

dom for the settlers in areas where

there is danger of forest fires, to pro-

tect their buildings and valuable crops

by fire lanes, rather than take an un-

necessary chance on loss or even ser-





ious menace from forest fires.





Detroit.





.,. a;

t'l‘ho'r'European. War. Thegmmh

an French in the three weeks of their

great offensive in Flanders have taken

26,223 German. prisoners, .140. heavy

guns besides a score of machine guns

and other equipment. The British “n-

edr Gen. Haig are pushing their at-

tacks along the Somme river and early

this week were successful in forcing a

wedge beyond the German third line

and entered the village of Pozieres, de-

spite a strong German counter-attack.

The battle is now raging on an eight

mile front. The outskirts of Guille-

mont have changed hands twice, and

the Germans have regained a foothold

in Longeuval after being driven from

that position—The big guns are still

pounding away on the Verdun front

day and night. Sharp infantry fighting

occurred there on Sunday, but no im-

portant exchange of territory is re-

ported. The French, however, appear

to be on the offensive—The Russians

in the Riga district have penetrated

the German lines at several points, and

in one place at least, to a distance of

five miles. Near the Carpathians the

Austrians have been driven back close

to the main ridge of the mountains and

the Czar’s forces are now reported to

be within four miles of the Hungarian

frontier. The Russians are about to

enter Galicia in the northeast where

they have outflanked the enemy. The

Russians are also holding the territory

occupied in Turkey last spring.



Complaint was made to the British

government by the state department at

Washington that delay of boats due to

censorship and seizures had caused

damage to perishable property to

which action this government made

strong protest. In reply the British

government has denied the allegation,

defends its censorship and offers to

explain in full its official actions in the

matters referred to.



Food riots are reported in Belgium

and that portion of northern France

now held by the Germans. In all in-

stances the riots have been suppressed

by German military authorities. In

quelling the riots the authorities have

forced industrial workers to remove

from the cities to rural areas. The im-

portation of supplies from Holland has

been prevented.



The British government in asking

for a new war fund has estimated its

needs at $2,250,000,000.





National.





James Whitcomb Riley, the Hoosier

poet, died unexpectedly Saturday night

at his home in Indianapolis. He was

born at Greenfield, Ind., October 7,

1840. Because of the poet's empathy

and love for the working people and

children, the governor of Indiana espe-

ciallyrequested that his body he al-

lowed to lie in state at the Indiana

capitol building from 3:00 p. m. until

:00 p. m. Monday, that the working

people may have an opportunity to pay

their last respects to the great poet.

He will be buried at Crown Hill cem-

etery, Indianapolis.



The naval appropriation bill which

provides for the immediate construc-

tion of four dreadnaughts, four great

battle cruisers and 58 other craft pass-

ed the senate last Friday. The bill car-

ries an appropriation of $315,826,843,

or $45,857,588 more than the total as

the measure recently passed the house.



All restrictions upon the movement

of exports, except upon munitions of

war and machinery for their manufac-

ture into Mexico from the United States

have been removed by order of the

Treasury Department.



General Villa, with 1,800 men, is re-

ported to be preparing for an attack

upon Torreon which if captured, would

enable him to control the railroads in

southern Chihuahua.



While the plague of infantile paraly-

sis in New York City continues, the

number of cases reported July 23 was

considerably less than that of previous

days. While the health officers in the

stricken districts are meeting with

considerable opposition, particularly

among the more ignorant people, the

general public is in full sympathy with

their efforts to aid in theprevention of

the spread of the plague.



The extreme hot weather has result-

ed in much suffering throughout the

country, but particularly in the cities





is the number of victims large.



Preliminary arrangements are being

made by the religious workers of De-

trait and surrounding territory for the

Billy Sunday evangelistic campaign

which opens in the city September 10.



inc persons were reported drowned

at different points in Michigan over

Sunday. , .



A movement has been started in De-

troit for the establishment of a metro-

politan school district to unify the

school work in Wayne cohnty. The .

idea is to place the schools in the vil-'

lages and the rural districts on, the

same footing as those in the.city
a . EEDS are the natural enemy of



I " man. They rise up along his



- . . > , - paths and lanes and highways;



they lift their'heads in his fields of



growing grain and, if unmolested,



would soon possess the earth. Eternal



, . vigilance is the price of clean gardens



3‘ 7 ' and fields and door-yards. When the



' hand grows weary or negligent and



ceases to slaughter the innumerable



‘ host, up spring the weeds and take



. . , possession, choking every beneficent



}. 7 _ - plant. Let a farm be abandoned for a



season; let no human hand he lifted



t to wage war against the weeds, and



4‘ ' the farm, however well kept before,



3 will become a diminutive wilderness,



. lorded over by a mighty army of weeds

of countless numbers and kinds.





In the face of this never-dying, ever-

present characteristic of the weeds, it

is evident that a systematic warfare

waged against them, is absolutely nec-

essary to good crpos and fine farms. If

you doubt this, take a look at mid-

, t summer, in the gardens and fields of.

the slovenly, negligent farmer. His

corn fields are producing a-double crop

—a small and feeble growth of corn

_ .1 . L and a huge and thriving crop of weeds.

I His potato vines are so hidden in a.

mass of grass and weeds that it is nec-

essary to dig by guess, when attempt-

ing to harvest the tubers.



Since man is the greatest factor in

keeping the weeds in check, it natur-

ally follows that in any normal season

the presence or absence of weeds fur-

nishes a pretty sure index of a man’s

farming operations. Clean corn fields

mean, as a rule, successful farming.

Clean and tidy door—yards and gardens

and orchards tell, as a rule, their own

story of the care and thrift of the own-

er. Weeds in any of his fields or on

any portion of his farm, are an eye-

sare to the number one farmer, and

he does not rest easy till he has laid

them low. To the slovenly, unsuccess-

ful farmer, they are witnesses of his

failure and undoing.





Method of Extermination.



In his war against the weeds, man

may use principally, two methods.

First, he may slaughter with plow and

harro'w and hoe and spade, the unnum—

bered hosts that rise up to dispossess

him. In the second place, he may use

care in the selection of all the seeds

he plants or sows on his farm. This

second factor is too often disregarded

even by good farmers who wage, by

the first method, unceasing warfare

against the usurpers. It is utter folly

to sow clover or timothy seed that is

not pure, simply because the price is a

little lower. The cheaper seed will

prove in the end, more expenisve by a

hundred fold. The purest seed is none

too good, and in every case and at all

times should be procured. To use only

pure seed will materially lessen the





 

 

 

 





 

 





 





the weed crop is always a sure one.

Hot or cold, wet ‘or dry, the weeds are

there. If conditions are unfavorable

for one kind, another kind takes its

place. Persistent, refusing to be van-

quished, a drought only shortens the

stem but does not keep the weed from

maturing its seeds. If cut down by

man, many weeds will yet seed, almost

without a second stem. Their one ob-

ject seems to be to reproduce their

kind. In some instances, weeds may

be cut down as many as three times in

a summer, and. yet will mature their

seeds, close to the earth, on almost no

stem at all.



But while a weed crop is sure in any

season, a wet year is the great rallying

time for all kinds and classes of these

pests. The summer of 1915 and the

fore part of the present summer pro-

duced conditions most favorable for

weed development. Many a farmer not

ordinarily caught with weedy corn-

fields, was obliged to see his enemies

win out, during the period just men-

tioned. But as a rule, there may be

found drier weather and a favorable

opportunity for weed destruction, dur-

ing any season.



It often happens that birds are set

down as one of the principal distribut-

ing agents of weed seeds. Birds, how-

ever, are the destroyers rather than

the preservers of these seeds, as has

been already shown. Many seeds have

their own way of distribution. Winged

seeds, tumbleweeds—these names are

suggestive, and tell the story of distri-

bution. Water is a great agency in





 

   





~ manure. ‘

and warms a manure spreader [it will

give you the best immediate results by

top-dressing after plowing and work-

ing into the soil. Also, if you seed to

clover this will be more apt to have a

better effect on the clover.



In the end I don’t know if there will

be much difference in returns as you

will get the full benefit of the manure

whichever way you use it.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





LlLLlE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





This is a year where the practice of

drilling corn has not worked out well

in many localities. I have had occa-

sion to visit many sections of the state

and in almost every instance where

the corn is drilled it is weedy. No

farmer can get the help nor could he

afford to hoe the corn by hand if he

had sufficient help at present price of

labor, the result is that there will be

many weedy corn fields this year. For-

tunately our corn is checked this year

though not a very good job done. It

will be almost impossible to cultivate

crosswise with a two-horse cultivator,

but it can be done fairly well with a

single-horse and one man with a single

cultivator going crosswise after the

corn has been cultivated good the way

the plants run can destroy more weeds

in a day than a dozen men with hoes,

and at a price the farmer can afford.



From experience for several years

now, I feel that it is not a good prac-

tice to drill corn. If weather condi-

tions are favorable, so the corn can be

harrowed at just the proper time it is

possible to have a fairly clean corn





 





 





 





ll M.ax’ 7!





learning to drive cattle with him, on

Ingham county, where a good dog is





Watching a Bunch of Fattening Hogs Eating their Corn.



Max keeps the cattle at a distance until the hogs have finished their meal.

He drives ten cows one and one-fourth miles to

and night, going back alone in an 80—acre field to

years old and his work will soon be done.

the farm of G. W. Rodman & Sons, of

considered indispensable.





 





and from pasture morning

get them. Max is now eight

His successor, a puppy, is now





air-1y well rattan '





Opinion is that‘we can grew an

amount of corn in hills as we can





 





drills, and the only argument I- can ..

give for drilled corn is that it is a little

You can hurry the





less work to plant.





 

 





job of planting along a little faster."





Then, too, the fertilizer can -be distrib-f





uted a little better and at the same

time of planting, if the corn is put in





with a grain drill but this is poor com-





pensation for a weedy corn field.





Therefore, I feel that it is wise to

Check-row it

On

the average you will have better corn

and you will have cleaner corn fields





say, don’t drill the corn.

so it can be cultivated both ways.





at much less expense.

Haying Methods.





In traveling about the county in an‘

automobile it is interesting to note the

different methods employed by differ-

ent farmers in accomplishing the same

Haying has been going on

now for two or three weeks, and there

seems to be no uniform system of do-

One man mows a small

portion of the field and stops until this

Another mows

down the whole field, lets it lay in the

swath until quite dry, rakes it into .

windrows and hauls it from the Win-

drows. If one could control the weath-

er this way would not be so bad, but

with our Michigan weather it is alto-

In the first

place, hay should not lay too long in

If it gets quite dry the





purpose.





ing this work.





is ready for the barn.





gether too risky for me.





the swath.

leaves drop off and many of the stalks

break in raking and handling. For the

best quality of hay the raking should

be done before the grass gets dry. In

fact, it should be raked about as soon

as a rake will work Well and gather it

clean. llay made or dried in the wind-

row is of much better quality than that

made in the swath.

ity is obtained when the hay is raked

as soon as possible and cocked and al-

lowed to cure or make in the cock. The

cocking must be done before the hay

gets dry or the hay will not settle down

compact enough to keep from blowing

over, or to shed rain well, and we

know it is liable to rain almost any

time ill Michigan





Late P|anted Crops. "





This last plan is the best business

plan for haying, in my judgment It

makes the best quality of hay, and it

is the safest method to follow to pro«

tect the hay from rain. Besides, one

can handle hired help to much better

advantage by this method. Cut down

the field as fast as possible, get it into

cocks before too dry, and when cured

make a business of hauling. You can

handle your help to so much better ad-

vantage that it costs no more than it





does to try to do away with the labor

of cocking.





Certainly it is not good business to





plant ensilage corn and sow buckwheat

during the week of July 16.

advise no one to do it, but it is just





,I would





And the best qual-.





 





 





d . what we are going to do this year. It

wee nuisance.





 





this broad—cast sowing of these seeds

of harmful weeds. Domestic and wild

animals also play a part in the work,





Next after man, the birds are the

greatest foes of the weeds. Indeed,





without the birds to help him, man carrying the seeds of the burdock, the

would have a sorry time of it, in this





sand-bur, the pitch-fork, and other ad-

; - never—ending struggle. To take a sin- hesive products matured by the weed

' 819 example 0f destruction 0f weed army. Vigilance and persistence will

seeds by birds: W110 has not seen the route any force of weeds, on any farm.

goldfinch in the autumn, clinging to a Surely, the struggle is worth while,

mullein stalk and Cleaning it Of its from every conceivable standpoint.

thousand seeds? Or who has not seen Hillsdale Co. J_ A. KAISER.

these same birds, in winter, when they ‘

have doffed their bright coats, living

for days, on the seeds from some patch

of weeds that lift their heads above

the ice and snow? The red-wing, black-

bird or starling, when shot in the am

tumn, at flocking time, has been found

to have a crop full of weed seeds. It

is a common thing to find the crop of

a quail in the same condition. Just as

the insect eaters among the birds, help

keep down the myriads of insects, so

the seed eaters play an important part





 





a

TOP-DRESSING FOR WHEAT.





I have oats growing on 10 acres of

ground, wihch I wish to plow and sow

to wheat as soon as the oats are off.

We have about 40 loads of manure,

from horses and cows, which we wish

to apply to this land. Would it be best

to spread and plow it under, or plow

first and then spread it, to be mixed

with the soil by disk and harrow?

Manure is fairly well rotted, and would

have been all drawn last spring but

for so much rainy weather that we

could not get- it





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





field when it is drilled, but if weather

conditions are unfavorable it is impos-

sible unless it is hand-hoed and this

nowadays with the present condition

of the labor market, is impractical. Es-

pecially is this practice to be avoided

on most farms where a goodly amount

of stable manure is used. Stable ma- i





If we have





Of course, we did not expect to do

his kind of business last spring; far





nure is almost a synonym for weeds. from it. We had a large area fall-plow-





The two go together. A man must be

prepared on a live stock farm to fight

weeds with any intertillage crop. As

I have stated, ,if weather conditions

are very favorable so the land can be

harrowed at just the proper time, or t

on land light enough so the weeder

will do the business it can be used just

at the right time, then the practice

can be made a success, but where we

have one year where conditions are

favorable we are liable to have two or

three that are not, so the practice is

not very desirable, to say the least. If

more and better corn could be grown





C





ed us completely this year.

at first and now a break down, and

wait for repairs.

field where we grew peas. Those fields

are beyond redemption this year. The "

tractor would not work when they





ed so we could .get crops in on time

but rainy cold weather prevented. Fall

plowing 0n the corn ground this year

was a hindrance rather than a help.

But this is not all.





We depended on

he tractor to help us out. It has fail-

Too wet





This field is not a.





ould be disked, and now they are so





overgrown with weeds that nothing,





is that or leaving the field bare all '

summer, (summer fallowing), and I

am going to take the risk.

no frost in September it is fairly safe.

If frost comes we will plow down and

store humus in the soil. ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





‘in keeping the weeds in check. Pro-

2;“ to attract them, and they ’Will repay





all out in time. can be done. The field in questiOn is. "



. one intended for Dwarf Lima beans. A. v

risky crdp anyway, and too risky to'«

plant the middle of July. These crops I





Montcalm Co. E. H.



Without doubt you will get the best

results on the crop of wheat if you

top-dress. If you plow down the ben-

efit will be distributed over a longer

period "of time probably; "I ._-. ._ ‘

, . g. ,. ., "..





 

 





in drills than in hills, there would-be

some good reason for the practice, ev-

en though it required more labor dur-

ing unfavorable years. But it is a

question if it is any more desirable in

this respect, under anyponditions. My





 

 





tect the birds about your place. Try





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





u a thousand fold for all your kind-





 





 

 





 

 

 





 

 





' em or bar 91‘:th t even.
, Oliver I‘Met’hod

for fighting the

”Hessian Fly





Agricultural experts tell us the

best way of checking the Hessian

fly evil is by deep plowing. Mr.

McColloch of the Kansas Experi—

mental Station believes the Oliver

rolling coulter. and jointer plays

an important part in fighting the

fly.‘



July 8, 1916,

OLIVER CHILLED PLow WORKS,

Kansas City, Mo.





Dear Sir:





I have just seen the Oliver combined

rolling coulter and jointer in operation

on wheat stubble, and wish to say that



am certainly well pleased with it.

The way it turns the stubble and trash

under is a big advance in the thorough

preparation of wheat land.



was especially interested in this im-

plement as a means of turning stubble

and volunteer wheat under to destroy

the Hessian fly. One of our recom-

mendations for the control of this in-

sect is that the ground should be

plowed to a depth of at least six inches

and all stubble and volunteer wheat

buried under at least three inches of

soil. The ground should then be

worked into a good seed bed.



It is a difiicult matter to thoroughly

bury all the stubble and volunteer

wheat with the ordinary plow and the

subsequent Working of the ground with

a harrow pulls much of it out again.

For this reason the farmer often be-

comes discouraged and gives up trying

to control the fly. '

‘ The thoroughness with which the

coulter and jointer buries the stubble

on the bottom of the furrow overcomes

this trouble and in my opinion solves

one of the most serious difficulties in

the control of the llessian fly. be

thorough preparation of the seed bed,

together with the other methods advo-

cated in the inclosed circular, will serve

to control the fly in any community.

If the coulter and jointer did nothing

more than aid in the control of the

fly it would be a valuable implement on

any farm. Very truly yours,





I. \V. MCCOLLOCH.





 





Ask us to send you a copy of

the circular Mr. McColloch re-

fers to. We also have a special

circular on the Hessian fly.



The Oliver combined rolling

coulter and jointer covers weeds,

turns under green manure, checks

the Hessian fly and provides the

compact seed bed necessary

for good crops. This de-

vice can be used on 01—

iver wheel plows. It is

regular equipment on trac-

tor plows.





 

 

 

 

 





extremely high temperatures

of mid-July are not generally

_ comfortable, it is just the kind of

weather to put the crimp in the para-

site, anthracnose, that dwells on the

bean plant. In order to understand

how this parasite spreads, an incident

connected with a. grocer’s consignment

of string beans from Louisiana is of in-

terest. There were a few of the fa-

miliar iron rust appearing spots, but

not enough to be objectionable, on the

pods. For preservation these beams

were placed under the water spray so

common in high-class grocers’ equip-

ment. The spotted pods grew in num-

ber and the remaining mass were com-

pletely covered to the wonder of the

grocer, who was unconsciously dupli-

cating in experiment the tragedy of

last year’s Michigan bean fields, when

low temperature and continued rain-

fall spread the anthracnose spores.

Moisture is an essential to the soften-

ing and spread of this parasite, and

also cool weather. Conjecturing on the

warm dry weather of July, if other

conditions do not prevail later, the

l bean grower can safely say, “My ‘pick’

" has been greatly reduced, probably one-

half, by this heated spell.” The sunlight

and dry weather at this stage of

growth has been a cleanser and thrown

a quarantine line around what Shakes-

peare described in Macbeth, under oth-

er conditions, as the “Damned Spot,”

which bean growers know so well and

unfavorably. '



The experiment of sendingvMichigan

beans to the arid states and returning

them cleansed, is being enacted at

home at the present time. There are

some other conditions about the bean

crop of 1916 not altogether favorable.

The excessive wet weather did not per-

Imit as good soil preparation as was

Edesired and many weedy fields are seen.

Some reports of root Worm exist. A

continued campaign of education has

,been carried on to educate the trade

’to higher values. This, with co-opera-

tion of grower and dealer in market,-

ing, has removed many of the obsta-

cles in the bean business. High-priced

seed beans add each year to the cost

of production. it some of the small

area growers on well drained, warm

soil were to specialize on pure—bred,

diseasefree seed under the inspection

of the Agricultural College and sell in,

say bushel lots for the seed patch of

the large area grower, it would be

mutually profitable-and vastly increase

the prestige of the state crop. Ten dol-

lars a bushel for the seed patch to.

grow for the succeeding year would be

cheaper than the present method of

buying seed for the entire acreage each

year.



The grading of cotton presented so

many difficulties, the grades of one

state having no meaning in another

state, that the present market director

yof the United States prepared standard

I[sample boxes showing the different





 





 





 





l





 





 





 

 





The Oliver combined rolling

coulter and jointer—the device

. for checking the Hessian fly.





Oliver Chilled Plowhbrlis

Plow-flaw lu- um

South Bend. Ind.





v

:





 





 





 





 





A L F A L F A 9

BU.



' Iooi‘flgrdy Non-lrrlgniod Seed 00.0% Pure



« O6}; germination $12.60, Government tested. Absolutely

. mntaeed Northern grown, extremely harda. No need



“or. Have Turkestan Alfalfa; Sweet lover; New



‘ ,othy' grass seed of all kinds. Ask for our latest 60-



. , outgrown Alfalfa, loo-pose catalog and sam-

. All com roo. e con save you money. Write today.



00.. I01 431 CLARINDA. IOWA





51'0" 8'! E D :





unannrson.





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





‘ , All.“ one





 





88.00 per bushel

by the grower.

CEDAR SPRINGS, MIC“.





 





Vii ~Writing to Advertisers Please

’L The ' Michigan Farmer.





 





 





 





 





Jwill be made to the growersso‘ that





i'grades as recognized by the United

{States It might prove desirable for

Michigan standards of beans to be

lplaced in glass grain bottles so that





 





,‘thebuyer in a distant state and the

.’ Michigan shipper would have the same





grade in mind, by looking at a common

sample.



There are charges of unfair “pick”

between grower and buyer which,

whether true or not, cause friction.

Would authenticated sample bottles

marked, “1, 2, 3, 4, etc., pound—picks,”

enable the seller’s eye to determine ap:

proximately by comparison the rela-

tive grade of his stock? This would

not be expected to do away with the

actual sort made on sample, but to ed-

ucate the eye to approximate the com-

parison with a standard.



The date of the bean growers’ and

jobbers’ respective separate meetings

at Grand Rapids will be determined. by

the development of the crop, so that

the actual estimate of the crop can be

made. Bulletins and announcements





 





 





which will insure thorough mixing.





time ago about oil—mixed cement.

have a cellar that is cemented, but the

surface water comes in.

it out, or do you know of some, better

way?





through which there is seepage of sur-

face water, the old floor should be

scrubbed perfectly clean and made

thoroughly wet, and a better job can

be done if the old surface is roughened

with a stone hammer or sharp pick. A

wash of one part of hydrochloric acid

and five parts of water will satisfac-

torily clean the surface and dissolve

some of the old cement, leaving the

gravel and sand exposed. This solu-

tion should not be left on over half an

hour before being removed by wash-

ing with plenty of water.

should then be brushed with a stiff,





   





 





In'inakingithe new surface coat-mix ‘

one part of cement with two parts of

sand and add five per cent of mineral

oil to the mixture with enough water

to make a rather stiff mortar. In mix-

tures where a thicker coat is to be laid

and gravel is used with the sand, use

ten per cent of mineral oil based on

the weight of the cement in mixture.





es-





 





timates- ~



Idaho and New York have made in-

quiries as to how Michigan" markets

the bean crop and will anxiously await

Michigan’s ideas of prices for the. 1916

crop. At the recent salesmanship con-

gress in Detroit the phase of square

dealing, of mutual rights to profits and

of expert salesmanship by men who

make this their life study were empha-

sized. It is the paralleling of these

lines that has put Michigan beans to

the front.





 

 





 

 

 





 





 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





A VALUABLE HAY.





 

 





 





 





 





 

 





Farmers quite generally throughout

Michigan have come to recognize the

superior feeding value of clover hay

over timothy, and many also under-

stand its value as a soil food. The un-

certainty, however, of obtaining a good

“catch” of clover, owing to frequent

unfavorable soil and weather condi-

tions, causes many farmers to still

place great dependence on timothy.

This is especially apt to be the case

when it is desired to maintain a mead<

ow for two or three years in succes-

sion.



As a result of the above conditions,

it is a quite common practice to seed

the land to timothy in the fall when

wheat or rye is sown, and seed to clo-

ver in the early spring. Frequently

this clover seed is a mixture of June

clover and alsike or alfalfa.



In this section of Calhoun county 3.

very desirable seeding mixture has

been found to consist of two to four

pints of timothy seed and eight pints

of clover seed mixed in the proportion -

of four parts June clover to one of a1.

sike. This mixture is usually seeded

in the manner above outlined. It

seems especially adapted to secure the

best results on the varied types of soils

which occur in this region. The alsike

and timothy make good growth on the ~

Spots where the soil is heavy or sour

and where the drainage may be poor.

In the same field where there are spots

of a lighter, sandy structure and less

acid in character, the June clover will

make abundant growth. A most desir-

able feature about this sort of meadow

is that, should the red clover die out

before the second season, one still has

a hay with a good percentage of clover.



The time to cut this hay is when

the clover is in full bloom. The timothy

will not yet be in bloom, but it will

make good hay as it is. Cut at this

stage of maturity, the hay will be

somewhat harder to cure than if al-

lowed to get riper, but its quality and

food value is highest at this stage.

Hay of this type brings from two to

three dollars a ton more on the local

market than pure timothy or pure clo-

ver of equal quality. It is an ideal bay

for both horses and cattle.



While I do not advocate the selling

of much hay, still there are occasions

when failure of cash crops or other

circumstances demand such action, and

the highest market price is an import

ant consideration.



When we consider its adaptability to

varied soils, its quality and high food

value, its abundant yield, and its de‘ .

pendability for more than one crop, I

am sure that no hay is so well adapted

to Michigan conditions as that which

I have described.



Calhoun Co.





 





 

   

 

 

 





JAs. N. MCBRIDE,

State Market Director.





 

 

   

 

 

 





 





 





FARM NOTES.





 

 

 

 





Bordeaux Mixture for Late Blight.





Please advise method of making Bor-

deaux mixture for spraying potatoes to

prevent late blight.



Oakland Co. S. J. W.





In making Bordeaux mixture for late

blight the usual formula is six pounds

of copper sulphate to 50 gallons of wa-

ter with sufficient lime added to neu-

tralize the caustic effect of the chem-

ical.



The manner of making Bordeaux

mixture is important. The best way is

to make stock solutions of the copper

sulphate and lime previous to the

spraying. The copper sulphate can be

dissolved in the water readily by hang-

ing same in a coarse sack in the top of

a barrel of water. Water will dissolve

about three pounds of copper sulphate

per gallon to make what is known as

a saturated solution. As a matter of

convenience, it is well to dissolve it in

water in this proportion.



Then slake the lime to a pasty con-

sistency and store this in another bar-

rel. In making the Bordeaux it is im-

portant to dilute the ingredients sep-

arately before mixing. A good way is

to fill the spray barrel or tank about

one-half full of water, then add enough

of the stock solution of‘copper sul-

phate to give it the proper strength. If

the tank holds 50 gallons use two gal.

lens of this solution.



Then dilute sufficient lime to neu-

tralize this amount of chemical; this

will take from four to six pounds. It

is a good plan to use a simple test to

determine when sufficient lime has

been added. Get ten cents worth of

yellow prussiate of potash, chemically

known as potassium ferrocyanide, and

dissolve same in water; label this “Poi-

son.” After the stock solutions have

been thoroughly mixed up with about

25 gallons of water and the two have

been thoroughly mixed together, add a.

drop of the testing solution. If no

change in color is noted where it is

dropped, the mixture contains suffi-

cient lime. If the drop changes the

color of the surrounding solution to a

reddish brown there is not sufficient

lime.



The better way to make the mixture

is to use an elevated platform, mixing

the ingredients separately in two bar-

rels, then running them into the spray

barrel or tank by the use of a small-

sized hose attached to each barrel,





 

   

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Oil Mixed Concrete.





I saw an article in your paper some

I





C. C. MILLER.





 





GOVERNMENT WHITEWASH.





 





Will it keep Slake half a bushel of lime With boil-





ing water, keeping it covered; strain

and add a peek of salt that has been

dissolved in warm water, three pounds

of ground rice, boiled to a thin paste,

half pound of powdered Spanish whit-

ing, and one pound of clear glue dis-

solved in warm water. Mix and let the

compound stand for several days. Ap-

ply as hot as possible, using a brush

kept especially for the purpose. This

whitewash will cost more than the oth-

er but it makes a very white smooth

surface and is quite enduring. Where

whitewash is applied to rough board-s,

fence posts, etc., for disinfectant pur-

poses a more suitable mixture is made





by adding water and some disinfectant. .,

to-slaked lime. . I . ' ‘





Lapeer Co. A. M. C.

In water-proofing a. cement floor





 





 





 





 





 

 





The surface
pondingly more worms than usual went





 





 





good shape.

Winter Favorable to Moth.





mediately after blossoming can not be

overstated. This spraying is effective

for the last worm of the season as well

as for the first, but does not help much

in destroying the minority of worms

which seek to enter apples through the

’ sides. The relatively few worms which

have this habit must be reached by a

series of cover sprayings, but because

of a peculiar instinct of the newly

hatched worms cover spraying are nev-

er 100 per cent effective. When a worm

bites into the apple skin it rejects,

without swallowing, the tough epider-

mis. Only accidentally then, does it

swallow any poison for its mouth be-

comes pretty well cleaned by the re-

jected bitings. Owing to this habit

. many worms can work through even

i l the most complete of cover coatings.

.2 " . It seems furthermore, practically im-

\ ‘ possible to coat every portion of every

apple, so that many worms gain free

entrance into the fruit. It is such es-

caping worms which cause destruction

by multiplying into a second and a

third brood.

Cover Spray Not Entirely Efficient.

A cover spraying is considered effec-

tive for three or four weeks. If the

first cover spraying was timed too

early so that 'after weeks many worms

are still entering the fruit another ap-

plication should be given, but if it was

properly timed it is unnecessary to re-

peat this spraying. The exact strength

of the spray is not so important as the

time and the method of application.

Five pounds of paste arsenate of lead

to 200 gallons will answer as well as

double that quantity. The cover spray-

ings may be supplemented by banding,

in which case the bands should be

cleaned every two weeks. But by all

means thin for wormy fruit, and de"

stroy the picked-off fruit. If the poten-

tialities of neglected first brood worms

- were realized the fruit grower could

’ well afford to give a premium for

wormy fruit when thinning.





While the later season sprayings are

not fully efficient they can be made

much more effective by spraying at the

proper time. On account of the varia-

tions in the seasons it is difficult to

tell when the proper time for spraying

is. To determine this with consider-

‘ , , able certainty the banding method of

' trapping the codling moth and watch-

ing its habits gives very satisfactory

results.



Contrary to the common belief, this

method is very simple. It consists of

putting a burlap band about six inches

wide around the tree about eighteen

inches from the ground. The band

should be long enough to allow the

ends to lap about an inch and should

be fastened with a headless nail so as

to make easy the taking off of the band



‘ m examination. , . ‘



m ' first breed the bandsshould





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





HE season 1915 was generally

considered a “worm year.” Be- second brood early in June. For the

cause of a concurrence of sev— second brood frequent examinations

eral factors more apples than usual should be made from July 10 until

were wormy at harvest and corres- some of the cocoons are found, and for





into winter quarters. Ordinarily the taken off the bands early in spring.

winter mortality of the codling moth is After the cocoons have been gather-

excessive, as is obviously apparent ed they should be placed in a dish

when we consider how few apples be- which has a little moist earth in it- and

come wormy early in the season year covered with wire netting or a lantern

after year. The past winter, however, chimney which is covered with netting

although severe, did not manifest the at the top. This cage should be kept

alternate freezing and thawing which where the temperature is equal to that

is most fatal to the codling moth. In out doors. '

many localities a snow blanket held Ten days after the moths emerge

over into spring to protect the worms from the cocoons is the proper time

if) the ground. Accordingly the (30d. for spraying, as they lay their eggs

ling moth has come through m very when about two days old, and it takes





A codling moth produces forty some variations in the appearance of the

eggs and in some diStriCtS a partial second brood, it is interesting to study

third. generation exists WhiCh is at the habits of the aphis’s greatest en-

least as numerous as the second gen- emy and it will pay any fruit grower to

oration. Owing to the habit of the ma— keep tab on both broods.

jority of codling worms to enter the

fruit through the calyx cavity the im— RENOVATE OLD STRAWBERRY

portance of proper calyx spraying im— BEDS.





 





‘Vrh

Hi





 





be put on about August 15, and for the





 





the first brood thecocoons should be





eight or ten days for the eggs to hatch.

While there are greater seasonable





 





As soon as the picking season is ov-

er, the strawberry bed should be mow-

ed and raked off. The dead leaves

around the old crowns should also be

removed and burned. The rows are

generally crowded with plants in the

center, and these should be thinned

out and the rest thoroughly cultivated

with the hoe. Then the beds should

be given a coating of well-rotted barn-

yard manure and worked into the

ground, and a liberal supply of water

applied.



In many cases where the rows are

heavily matted and the young plants

have taken root between the rows, it

is advisable to plow up the center of

the rows, leaving the younger plants

to form the new row.



Strawberry plants produce the heav-

iest at the first season’s fruiting and

decline very rapidly after that time.

For this reason, it is advisable to re-

move the old plants and give younger

ones a chance to develop. The old

plants can easily be told from 'the

young plants by the roots. Old plants

have dark-colored roots, while young

plants have light-colored. Also, the

crowns of the old plants become black

and elongated, while on the young

plants the crowns are short and light-

colored.



Good fruit growers will ordinarily

not fruit the beds more than two sea-

sons, it being cheaper and more profit-

able to set out a new bed. But

where only limited ground is to be

had, the renovating system above de-

scribed can be utilized to advantage.

—E. P. S., Col. Ag. Col.





SUMMER MEETING STATE HORTI-

CULTURAL SOCIETY.





 





The mid-summer meeting of the

Michigan State Horticultural Society





 





 





 





 





 





“WE E L E9 R R E L S





‘Storing Automobile, Lubricating, Gas

Engine Oils, Gasoline and Kerosene





 





 





 





   

 





 

 

 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   

   

   

 





Drum may he uscdin either position when . Position of faucet when

used as Storage Barrel barrel is sent to filling

Station.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Reversible Faucet furnished with each BARREL—shipped inside as

hung, in one opening. To use. unscrew. l‘m‘vrse faucet, and screw

in again in either opening.





_ By the .use of Steel Stora e BARRELS, gasoline, kerosene and

lubricating 0118 may be purchase in larger quantities, at cheaper prices.

Always a supply on hand at your own garage. The safest way to keep in—

flammable liquids. No waste from evaporation or leakage. Contents drawn

off in a convenientmanner,without chance of spilling. The cheapest [effi-

c1ent and safest method of storing oils, gasoline and kerosene. No leaks;

no eva oration; no waste; no pumps to wear out,——Safety First. These

BARR LS are guaranteed to be manufactured with the best of material

and workmanship; and W111 last a life time if fairly treated. These are

not light flimsy packages suchas may be secured at a cheap price; but

rather, heavy gauge substantial barrels well worth the additional price.

We leave it to you—does it pay to buy cheap stuff?





15 Gallon BARREL, with Faucet, - $3.00 All prices at

30 Gallon BARREL, with Faucet, - $4.00 Detroit,

55 Gallon BARREL, with Faucet, — $5.00 Mich.





Send postal, or express money order, with order for BARRELS.

(Currency at senders risk.) Mail A l Orders To:—— -





DETROIT STEEL BARREL COMPANY





1203 Ford Building. Detroit, Mich. ' H





i l

I





I I



R 0 SS Silo F Illers "'°""°° "‘° 3"“ E"“'°“°

. _ Guaranteed for Life of Machine



The Ross is not an ordinary fodder cutter but a special made Silo Filler. Exclusive features includ- '

_ ,, L (on; M. - ing Steel Cutting Apparatus and Steel



Blower. The Ross Nos. 18—20-24 are for

the Threshermcn who make a business

of filling silos, also for silo users'who

want a partnership Silo Filler. ‘





Buy Early and Save Money ‘ ‘

Ifyou intend tobuy this year. writeauicl; ‘





’« for special proposition. Dela me

7” advance in price. y ans ROS





THE E. W. ROSS CO.

SPRINGFIELD. OHIO





BOX114

* Ride 3 RAIL

" ovo be 0





bicycle and know you have the





D

., i dauo' mot. no arms: all.“ If.“

f " trial you do not wish to hoop it

1 LOW FACTORY 008W h

, manta and values never on 4 ‘

“ll. wart: rooAv toi- our hi:

i, I . showingom-cmplcu (”u of 191 b

"no. sundries and ports. and loom 0&1





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 





   

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





6





said 01d .3199 “ZETSWEW





/ new 017cm and term





' wonderful 3. J

00 NOT BUY o. bicycle. tires or sun rice. all“

you write and lenrn what we will do rot-you. A

poa'tnl card brings everything—ewrne 0 now.





am even co. Mum calm ,





 





Works in any

kind of soil. Cuts

stalks—doesn’t pull like





. other cutters. ‘bsollllcly no danger sizes _ 14X18_ 16x18 _ 17X92 Run





Guts Four to Seven Acres a Day ‘ ’

with one man and one horse. Here is what one ’ gflgawticth' sfhcllnpgrrtfiilaerrsgme' New Cat—l





 

   





   





Shortest wheelbase—7 ft. 6 in. All '





farmer lays: Loudenville, Ohio, Dec. 4. 1915



Love Mfg. 00.: Dear Sirs; The “Perfect” is all right. sent FREE'



I wouldn t want to be Without it for twice what it Send tOday for copy. '

Admiral Hay Press Go. 1.; ~





 

 





cost me. Some of our corn was ver weedy, but the

harvester did the work. Respectful y, Herman Fritz





 





sou: DIRECT TO THE FARMER . Box 36, Kansas Clty. Mo. vi. _ - »|

Send for booklet and circulars telling allabout this IIIIIIIIIIII . A ‘





 





LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Dept. 36 Llnoolnfllllnolo





 





labor-saving machine: also containing testimonials





 





 





will be held at Traverse City, Wednes-

day and Thursday, August 9—10.



The Chamber of Commerce of Trav-

erse City will have charge of the ar-

rangements and have promised all the

members and friends an enjoyable

time. An auto tour will be taken to

the beautiful fruit farms surrounding

Traverse City. Informal experience

meetings will be held at the orchards.

Entertainment will be furnished to out

of town guests as far as possible.



This is a fine opportunity for every- ‘

one to visit the fruit section around

Traverse City and have a nice outing

and meet the progressive fruit grow-

ers from all over the state. Come and

bring the families.





 





 

 

 

 

   





THIS LAND IS WORTH ‘ PHOSPHATE





WRITE FOR DELIVERED PRICES





$46500 PER ACRE .noam JONES PHOSPHATE co.





NASHVILLE. TENN.





 





 





The crosp: it now produces. 5 tons of





 





 

 





alflalfa, I I" us: of corn. artifil 52 Ilaus. of

w cat, w1. pay interest on is va nation ”V

after paying all costs of tocluction. $ll:?r%gtg?:rrfi°gvs.ii?nr'

en years ago it was wort $I00 per DIRECT TO YOU and we

.acrc on the same basis of crop produc- “end ““1910 and 9“" ”flu"

mg value. lars. Write to office nearest you.

I LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY.

$1.00 Per Acre Per Year uskegon. Mich.. and Benton Harbor. ma. 3,

has been the cost of the increase in f r- I '

tility and value. The fertilizer used V539 A L F Low P‘ R I 6:: -‘ I

Rock Phosphate. This method is fully HIGH QUAL'" L' I





explained in our booklet. Write for





   





Guaranteed non-irrigated for $9.00 bu. and up.





   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





For full particulars address: 0. A.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Charles, Secretary of the Chamber of





   





 





Commerce, Traverse City, or R. A.

Smythe, Secretary State Horticultural





   





“1' CO o

yo py seed—9936f pure. We save you money on Alfalfa. Clover. .

FEDERAL CWCAL co Timothy, Sweet Glover and all rass seeds. Write

Ground D ’ prices. free samples.land big Profit. Sharing Seed Gui

, Rock apartment. Aussie"! MUTUAL sun com-MW ~ , 1

12 Clark St. Columbia, Tenn. Dom. 400. cu and Roboy so. chin-o. unuh

s w E E T WHITE BLOSSOM VA

_ TREATED FOR QUICK ‘.

c LOVER INATION. ' WRITE FOR

F E: R11] 12 E: R our. PRICES—DEPT.

YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED.C0. OWOSBO. r. q





Muncey Corsage Go...shldpvers of horse manure an

Gran





 





 

 





 





 





Society. Benton Harbor.





 





a

tobacco stem. 450 Riv . Detroi .

use. Tel. emu 821 and 4207. “ ‘v‘m‘ _ " mall“ Illa Ilclllul Elmer um Ilrlllu
Glutlon In Beef PrOdUCtlon III raise a class of cattle that can he as » , . ,



‘ ' . ed in the markets as “baby beef.” It larger and more economical.



HE period of twenty years in the cult to crowd on to cattle raising peo~ means that the producers have adopt- Chief among the concentrated feeds

history of our live stock indus- ple something that does n“ot meet their ed improved methods in breeding and . that are commonly used are tankage



. tries, reaching from 1882 to 1902, fancy. The outstanding colors of other selection of the stock handled; that skim-milk oil meal shorts and cats,



3 an eventful one that should be en- breeds, and the majestic carriage of the quality of the stock is superior to From a survey conducted in Iowa the



grayed on the minds of future genera- the noble Shorthorns, seem to have the average stock marketed; that the tankage was being used to a greater



titans as one evolving t1 uths and bring- won the popular approval of the ma- possibilities for profit in-producing and extent than any of the others and the

mg reuslts which will be far- -reaching jority of cattle raisers under usual selling, are far better than can be by oats the least. Skim-milk was quite

. leaving a heritage of discoveries conditions. raising a class of cattle which requires popular where it was a home product



(that Will be, if the ”11015 are applied, About the time that Shorthorn cat- a longer time to bring to market con- and good results were obtained by its



”great benefit to bOth pl‘Oducers and the had passed the high tide of popular- dition, and that the individual devel- use, The tankage was the most pop-



consumers or live StOCK products. Ear- ity and high prices, and sensible people oping and bringing cattle, ,ripened at ular because it produced greater daily



3.19“ toilers in live StOCk raising have were disgusted at the unreasonable 8.1- an early age, is well versed in the art gains than corn alone or corn with any



worked out many problems WhiCh have lurements of fashion in pedigree and of feeding and caring for young stock. of the other combinations The great-



not only brought benefits to the pres- color, there appeared in our country Some important lessons have been est daily gain was made when the corn

cut generation, but W111 be a benefit to the Scotch breed of cattle, black in col- learned during the last quarter of a was combined with tankage and a sup-

all who will apply the ”th discover- or and hornless, known as the “Scotch century. One of the first lessons in plementary crop,



ed in the days Wthh are to come. Doddies,” or Polled Angus. They ar— making palatable and nutritious meat,



The Crime of the Government. rived ta a time when the economical is the fact that if the animal is devel-

It has been contended by thoughtful production of beef was among the first oped young the lean and fat is inter-

individuals that the government did a considerations, as the general prices mingled, If the animal is developed



great injustice to the land owners and were low, and cattle raising for beef slowly the lean meat is produced in a



farmers in the older settled portions of was not considered a profitable busi- somewhat restricted quantity, and if



the country by allowing men of large ness. At the live stock expositions the animal is fattened later, the fat is

means to stock the government lands quality of meat was being emphasized. laid on the surface, and is not inter-

and put the stock raised on those free The large-boned animal carrying a load mingled and can not add greatly to



_. lands on the market in competition of “patchy meat,” made up of some the flavor of the meat.



with that raised on farms, where the lean, overlaid with patches of fat laid Another important fact that seems any extent. The soy beans rank next



expenses were high, and the residents on at different places, usually on the to be impressed on the minds of the to the rape in value, being superior to



”l on those farms shared in bearing the rump and sides, had become unpopu- feeders, is that during the period of the field peas and vetch.

burdens 0f taxation WhiCh Silpported lar. A smooth-surfaced animal, even- growth early in life, the gains in Besides the above crops there are

the machinery 0f the government in' 1y developed, was what butchers and weight can be made cheaper than is 4



the states in Wh'iCh they lived and in- consumers demanded. The Polled An- possible to make them later in life. It

directly supported the national govern- gus seemed to be the embodiment of is during the period of growth that the

ment. By stocking the ranches 011 gov- a nearly perfect animal in that respect. muscles are developed, and nature’s

nernment lands the DI‘OdUClS Of those Tested in farm fields or on the ranches aid in that respect can be courted with

ranches which cost the owners but lit- they were hardy, vigorous, rapid-grow- profit.



. tle, if anything, were 801d in the mar- ing cattle. They made their increase

.kets beside of that raised on valuable in weight as cheaply as any other cat-

lands, and in time, deprived the land tle, and when the meat was laid on the

owners of all the profits in his legiti- block, it was found that the fat was

mate business. While the ranches distributed through the meat, instead

were being StOCked, WlliCh caused a of being accumulated on the surface or

demand for females of all kinds, and on the inner parts, In other words,

pure—bred sires, from which to raise a the meat was “well marbled,” making

800d grade of stock, things went very it profitable for the producers, the

'Well, but when the increase from the dealers and the consumers.

ranches returned, and were sold in the The Turn of the Tide.

markets, the results were disastrous t0

the farmers. Prices declined and con-



sumers were supplied with meat at

' ruinously low prices. When bullocks,



. well raised and well fattened,‘ sold for

from three to four cents per pound,

and inferior grades at lower prices,

stock raising on the farms came pretty



' nearly‘to a standstill.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





The supplementary crops that are

most used by Iowa farmers are rape,

soy beans, Canadian field peas and

hairy vetch. The rape is the most used

and is planted after the last cultivation

of the corn. It is an especially valu‘

able crop when planted together with

pumpkins, both of these crops being

very palatable and succulent and neith-

er hindering the growth of the corn to





vantage.

Iowa. 'H. W. HULBER’I‘.





 





STEER FEEDING EXPERIMENTS.





 





The art of Combining feeds in order At the Canada Experiment Farms,

to secure definite results has been of according to, a report received recently

great service in helping to develop ani- by the Department of Agriculture,

mals while young at a moderate ex- steers ’of various breeds and types

pense. The ration which I saw a not- were fed from 80 to 100 days, it being

ed exhibitor feeding his cattle of a ton found that steers fed quickly gave a.

and a half’s weight, forty years ago, good margin of profit, that the dairy

made up of timothy hay and corn type of feeder may be profitably fin-

.meal, looks primitive beside the well ished in from three to five months ac-

balanced ration today, of clovers, al« cording to age, and that many steers

falfa and mingled grains, which will slaughtered in November and Decem-



The results obtained at the live stock meet, very nearly, all the requirements her would pay profiitable returns if fed

shows brought before the minds 0f the of the young growing animal in order a few months longer. In steer~feeding

cattle raisers new ideas and new to make rapid growth at small cost. experiments to determine the effect of

ideals. New discoveries were made. It The methods and movements of the heavy and light feeding it was found

was found that the large bony cattle, past have paved the way and made that while the daily rate of gain was

that attained heavy WGight before they present favorable conditions possible. greater in the heavy- fed lots, yet their

were ripe for the market, cost more to Scientific investigation and demonstra- average cost per pound of gain was

produce than they would bring in the tion, together with experiments and considerably higher and the greater

markets when sold. Some other plans experiences have made the way clear, profit was realized from the light-fed



The Period 0f Depression. must be devised which would make it showing how by the use of the modern lots. Grain was profitably replaced by



It has often been said that nt‘CE‘SSitY possible to grow young cattle and rip- inlproved beef breeds, and following molasses when used in only a limited

is the mother 0f invention. The “119 en them for the markets, before they the best known modern methods of amount. Molasses appeared to have 3.

seems to have been true in raising live had cost a larger sum than they would breeding and feeding, large profits in more beneficial effect when fed to





stock on the farms. When prices are bring when SOld- beef production at the present time, good stocker than to- good butcher cat-

IOW: economy 0f construction is StUd' The Polled Angus cattle had attract- and under present conditions can be tle getting the same amount of grain.

ledr The test between the breeds 0f ed attention and set people to thinking secured. , Molasses showed a. profit over a full—

beef cattle was begun. The Herefords, in the right direction. A breeder in Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP. grain ration.



a distinctively beef breed, were tried Scotland had produced Shorthorns Eight steers fed 140 days and given

73nd found capable 0f competing With that were built after the pattern of the USE OF SUPPLEMENTARY CROPS freedom in box stalls made a gain of

the Shorthorns, both in severe cases, Polled Angus; they were compact and $56.17 as compared with $3.23 from

and under many conditions. Friends had large vital organs, which makes it IN HOGGING-DOWN CORN' eight steers tied. In a comparison of





 





811d admirers 0f the Herefords contend possible to grow them rapidly, and ma corn silage and dry corn for fodder as

that the best Specimens of the breed ture them early. The specimens of To say that there are no disadvan- roughage for fattening steers fed five

are not only good rustle-rs, but having Scotch Shorthorns which had been tages to the practice of hogging-down months, the former made an average

very large vital organs, they are eco- brought to this country, seemed to fit corn would be false; for there is prob. daily gain per steer of 1.86 pounds, the

nomical meat producers. We are ready the ideals which had been formed in ably no method of feeding hogs which latter of 1.5 pounds. Four -lots of

to admit that they have good grounds the minds of the “new school” of beef has not its advantages and disadvan- oat straw, mixed hay, oats, and bar-

‘for their claims. producers The demand for these tages. But, however, it can be truth< steers fed 140 days, lot one receiving

When the Galloway cattle were tried Scotch bred Shorthorns was great, and full said, that in the case Of hogging- ley, fed outside; lot two the same as

both on the ranches and under severe good prices were paid for some of the down COI‘D that the disadvantages are 10t one, bill fed inside; lot three the

conditions which prevail on many best specimens. A new era was ush- to a large extent-offset by the advan- same as lot one With the addition of

farms in the west, it was found that ered in, and new ideas in regard to ”CELEBS, and for this reason, this means silage, and fed inside and tied; and

the little black cattle can endure more beef production had crept into the of harvesting the corn crop is sure to lot four fed mixed hay, silage. roots.

I hardships, live on coarse feeds, and minds of some of the thoughtful cattle gain in popularity among farmers from and grain (bran, peas, oats and bar-

. make better gains than either the pure- raisers. The task of ripening some of year to year. 193’): fed inside, made average daily

bred Shorthorns or their grades. With the rapidly growing young cattle of all Among the few disadvantages of this gains per head 0f 195; 1-93; 2-47. and

I. hardiness to their credit, the Galloway of the modern types of the Herefords, practice, one stands out above the 232 pounds, respectively.

' cattle have not seemed. to win the ap- Galloways, Polled Angus and Scotch rest; this is the lack of protein, the ——-—— '

A' ‘proval of farmers where favorable con- Shorthorns, mostly grades of each and food that builds up the muscles and LIVE STOCK NEWS.

7ditions for cattle raising and beef pro- every breed, was undertaken, and met bones of the young animal. This is par-

duction prevail. Farmer's. seem inclin- with success. It was not the beginnihg ticularly noticeable in the case of hogs of Montana, Wyoming and other north‘

v'ed to prov1de good conditions and fur- of a craze, but it was the begin- weighing up to 150 pounds or less. Of western states are expected to begin

: ‘nish a good quality of feed and raise ning of an era of improved methods in course the animal gets some protein marketing grass cattle liberally, al<

wthe grades of the other breeds. The producing an excellent quality of beef. from the corn; some from the scatter- though IIOt any more SO than last year

{fact that Galloway hides have a great- That staid old veterans of the feeders, ing weeds about the field; but still and moderate supplies are expected to





, , reac the Chica 0 stock ards in the

her value for tanning with the hair on, both on the ranches and in the farm some must come from another source nearhfuture. Ragnch eattigmen realiz-





not induced many to engage in fields, viewed the matter With disgust So, to overcome this lack of protein, ing the greatly increased value of all

their breéding. The meat of the Gal- and dubbed these thrifty young cattle and bec‘ause the hogs finish more fat beeves these times, have been anx-



- - - ious to market their holdings as fat

tway is tender, juicy and sweet, and that appeared for CODSTderathll, as to quickly and evenly, many farmers are





. . . and choice as ossible, and in all rob-

the consumers have not seen fit quality and profit making in the proc- beginning to use supplementary feeds. ability the perzéentage of feeders liner.





Md a higher price for it than for ess 0f making These may be of two classes: 1, con— keted will be very limited. The Chi-

‘ class meat of other breeds, and it ‘ “Baby Beef." centrated protein feeds; 2, supplemen- €380 cattle market continues to rule '

looked as though the breed has The youngsters that have come for tary grown crops, Some farmers are :fifigumgllyhglggggfhgl ffglzmiggtg?

_ van the attention among beef ward since have been called the same using one and, some the other. but a, demand for heavy We, m

‘ Sal-which it merits. It\ is“ difiié but results have proved that it is]?! greater numb r are 31 the morass. on a; 41m M15811;





 





 





By the middle of August the ranches





 

 





 

 

 

 





   

   

   





     

 

 





several others that may be used to ad.
‘_ clove ’and‘Mille’t for Silage.

.Willl‘green clover and mulleti make



good ensilage? What is its food value



compared with corn ensuage?

Macomb Co. A. B.





Glover and millet will make very

good silage if put into the silo when

they are nicely headed out or even in

~blossom. Don’t leave this crop until

it gets about ripe for it will not con-

tain enough ,moisture to properly pre-

serve it. If cut at the right time it

must not be allowed to dry out very

much before being put into the silo. If

it gets dry extra water must be added.



If this silage keeps well it is more

valuable, ton for ton, than corn as the

clover is richer in protein than corn.

It should be out fine and well tramped

to exclude the air or it will not keep

good. It would be a fine thing to fill in

on top with a foot or two of green corn

to weight it down and prevent spoiling

on top. ‘



What to Plant for Late Silage.





We have a field of corn that drowned

out and we replanted and now it is

so dry that it has not come up. We

are going to work it up and put some-

thing else in. What do you think

would be the best to put in? We want

something for fodder for cattle. Some

kind of ensilage to put in the silo.



Lapeer Co. W





I know of nothing better than to

plant it again to some early variety of

corn. Yellow flint corn will make fod-





 





der if planted now. If we have no frost

in September it would be liable to

make a good crop. There is no other

fodder plant that I know of that will

be any more sure of maturing. Millet

might make a good crop but it is not

so good for ensilage. The first frost

will kill millet as quickly as corn.



One year I planted corn July 12 and

had a splendid crop of silage. It was

cut by the frost but we immediately

put it into the silo and it made splend-

ed feed.



We will plant some ensilage corn

this week. It is pretty late to be sure,

but I know of nothing any better.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





GARGET CAUSED BY GERM.





At one time it was thought that

garget was due to mechanical injury

to the udder, and while this cause can

not be entirely eliminated, it seems

evident from all recent work that

practically all cases are due to infec-

tion, the germs gaining entrance

through the teat duct.



It is well know that sterile milk is

not to be had even when removed un-

der the most rigid precautions. This

indicates that germs are to be found in

the udder most of the time. Under or-

dinary circumstances these bacteria do

little harm, but occasionally a harmful

one gets in and sets up severe inflam-

mation. This is especially likely to be

the case at‘about the time of freshen-

ing, or during the time the cow is dry-

ing up. At both periods there is an ac-

cumulation of milk that is not drawn

out regularly, and consequently it

wins a, good ,medium'in which bac-

' ' I " “ When there is much





 





 

 





 





 

 





 





 





   

   





 





harmful.





 





A Practical Portable Calf House.





,,Y1.t6d.i§"h°'.Pr¢3°nt-' ~ .





éirn'bra





 





s s ,

Whileit.

the time of drying up to encourage

milkiproduction by milking dry, yet it

is 'much' better to milk out a small

quantity so as to get all of the organ-

isms out of the sinus, than it is to al-

low it to“ accumulate for several days.

-—I. E. N., Col. Ag. Col.





 





PORTABLE CALF HOUSE.





A little building, about on the order

of an overgrown dog kennel, provides

a sensible shelter for young calves af-

ter they have been weaned. It should

be blocked up a few inches off the

ground and its roof, of course, should

be water tight. A structure with floor

dimensions of 6x6 feet will house two

or three calves without crowding. It

should be placed in the shade in the

orchard or in some other quiet spot

where the young animals can have pas—

turage by themselves. Being small it

is easily moved from place to place.



Illinois. 0. CROOKER.





 





PASTEURIZING MILK FOR CALVES‘.





 





So much has been said on pasteuriz-

ing milk for babies that many cities

require all milk to ,be pasteurized ex-

cept such as has been produced under

exceptional sanitary conditions, and at

least one state is requiring the pasteu-





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





“DOG DAYS”!





the best time





 





 

 





SEPARATO





THERE WAS NEVER BEFORE

as good a time to buy a De

Laval Cream Separator as right

now.





THE “DOG DAYS” ARE AT

hand when dairying is most

difficult without a separator

and when the increase in quan-

tity and improvement in qual-

ity of cream and butter are

greatest through the use Of a

good separator.





THEN THERE IS THE GREAT

saving of time and labor,

which counts for more in sum-

mer than at any other season





 





and often alone saves the cost ‘

of the separator, aside from all

its other advantages.





THIS IS LIKEWISE THE SEA-

son when De Laval superiority

counts for most over other sep-

arators,~in closer skimming,



. larger capacity, easier running,

easier handling, easier clean-

ing and absolute sanitariness.





A DE LAVAL CREAM SEPA-

rator bought new will easily

save its cost before the end of

the year, and it may be bought

for cash or on such liberal

terms as to actually pay for

itself.





Look up the nearest De Laval agent AT ONCE, or

drop us a line and we will have him look you up.

165 Broadway, New York





The De Laval separator 60., 29 E. Madison $1.,Chicago





50,000 BRANCHES AND' LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER





 





 





 





 





 





 





rization Of all milk from all cattle not

tuberculin tested. Many of those who

are engaged in raising calves have

found that if babies' lives can be saved

by heating the milk, so also can the

lives of calves be spared by the same

method. Unquestionably skim-milk re-

turned from the creameries has been

a very faithful source of the transmis-

sion of tuberculosis to both calves and





 





graphic reproductions of ZYRO Silos

—ZYRO owners never regret their se-

lection—get the evidence, then decide.





 





No Z150 owner . '

ever regretted it





Think for yourself—you don't do the

things today your grandfather did.

Study the Metal Silo before you in-

vest. The ZYRO Pure-Galvanized-

Iron Silo is air—tightL-no spoilage-—

anti-corrosive—storm proof—outlives

its guarantee—costs less to erect—-

ornamental. Get our Free Proof

Book—illustrating over 60 photo-





 

   

 





 





 

 





 





   





The most convenient and best equip-

ped silomade. Doorsalwaysm lace-

swing open and shut easil . The inge-

forms pcrfectladder. .. est_material

throu ghout. Makes perfect silage and

that is what you want. We also make

the Lansing silo with loose doom

The Chicken silo for the small farmer?

WOODS BROS. SILO & MFG. CG

~ General Office:



Dept. 1 5 Lincoln, Nah

factories: Lansing. Mich: E. St. Louis. ll





   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





   





 





Free





   





 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





   





 

 





   





95 0", »~

Proof , Upward TRIAL E

Book Mgr; ’

Write at once for FULLY - fI ;

refrains “Wm '

C o r n





-. ,, CREAM

SEPARATOR





A SOLID PROPOSITION to send

now. well made, easy running, perfect

skimming separator for 315.95. Shims .,v

warm or cold milk; making heavy or

light cream. Bowl is a sanitary mar-

vel; easily cleaned.





ABSOLUTELY 0" APPROVAL





Different from picture, which illustrates ,w

our large capacity machines. Western r—-—’

orders filled from western paints. ' -





 





 

 





Cribs and Grain





Bins. The Canton

Culfll’t & Silo Co..





301608 Canton. 0.





”W





 

   

 





 





pigs, and it is found by actual experi-

ence in many states that this disease

can be very much curbed by proper

pasteurization of the skim—milk before

it is returned to the farm



The organism causing contagious

abortion is very frequently found in

the milk and is probably transmitted

to the calves in this manner. Proper

heating will unquestionably prevent

this kind of transmission.



A recent report from the California

Experiment Station shows that a very

serious outbreak of dysentery in calves

was stopped by boiling the milk. All

of these experiences go to show that

calf raising would be much more easily

accomplished and much more profit-

able if all the milk given to the calves

could be properly pasteurized, since by

so doing many of the calf diseases

could be eliminated.





 





MEETING OF JERSEY BREEDERS.





The summer meeting of the Michi-

gan Jersey Cattle Club will be held at

Ann Arbor, August 10. The morning

session and dinner at the Whitney

Hotel; the afternoon session at Brook-

water Farm, the home of Prof. H. W.

Mumford, of University of Illinois.



Mr. Wallace MacMonies, the new

field man recently appointed by the A.

J. C. C. is expected to be present. Im-

portant business-is to come before the





club, and every Jersey enthusiast is in- [We





 





 

 

 





 

 





 

 





WANTED—AN

our 63:;





figryfi‘hnifs'” °."°i5i§:1>i.~“”





.0





 





 





of Silo fillers





,r





Whether dairy is large or small write fox;

handsome free catalog. Address:





 

 

 

 

 





 





S





 





'w' i" , AMERICAN SEPARATOR co.

3a 43:63.9.“ '~ Box 4061 Bainbridge, N. v.

as.





‘.

Three sizes. ‘ to 18 H. P., direct drive

to main cutterhead shaft, 236 in. in

diameter. powerful 6-blade (an on same

shalt. Emery whcelattached.

Sold on trial





 

 





 

 





   

 





Many farmers wait untilsure ofagood

cropofcorn before buying a silofillcr.

We make special preparations to ac-

commodate late buyers. lf yourdealer

IS sold out, tell him to telegraph your

order for a





BLIZZARD





'Ensilage Cutter





You’ll be sure then of getting your

corn into your silo this your and for

the years to come. j ust at the time you

want to cut your corn.



The Blizzard is simple and easy-running-

has blg capacity and unlimited elevating

ability. Makes even—cut silage. Repair coil:

small. Lasts for years. Information

and booklets tree.





The Joe. Dick Mfg. Co. _

,. 808‘ 24 Canton. Ohio





l





   

 

 





 

   

 





 

 





Backed by uaran-

tee. Write oriree

Farmer's account





 

 





SILO FILLERS





 





   





 

 





and record book

, also catalog.





ROSENTHAL Mill

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' ~ ”a: -

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or unmounted





 





   





 





 





as ‘ they" a

l'nventlc'ihb '-





 





 





b yet
15m; _. ,1»





waging: '





' tion of





, . outs of the syrup.

' substances which are always present

and which will in a sense be consider-

~ ed impurities are utilized by the chem-

:_i§t‘to identify the pure article.





 





By FLOYD W. ROBISON





experimental investigation





INCE

', , has been turned to the study of a.





ration for dairy cows, quite natur-

ally the question has suggested itself





repeatedly as to what_ effect the com-





p0sition of a ration has upon the com-





' position of the milk elaborated. Like-

, 171% since the instigation of dairy and

“ food inspection laws the same question





has been raised repeatedly as a defen-





‘ sive measure against prosecution in le-





gal cases.

The question, it may be seen, is

thlarefore, one of rather long stand-





ing, and quite a spirited controversy

has arisen among scientists from time





’ i , to time over the correct answer to this

"question.





To a layman it might seem that it is

pessible by simple experiment to set-

tle the question but when dealing with

the mechanism of an animal subject to

psychological as well as physiological

disturbances there are so many fac-

tors which may enter in to modify the





'conditions of any particular experi-





ment that it is by no means an easy

matter to answer “Yes" or “No” to

any one of these questions.





Does the Feed Affect the Fat in the

Milk?





Probably the most common question

along these lines is the effect of the

type of dairy ration upon the fat con-

tent of milk. Dairynien quite gener-

ally seem 10 have the opinion that they

can vary to a marked degree the fat

content ofthe milk of their herd by

feeding a rich ration, and conversely,

that a milk very poor in butter-fat is

to be expected froma ration deficient

in nutrient material. This is an opin-

ion that is quite tenaciously held by

people who are not familiar at all with

the physiology of milk secretion, and

we have had the idea employed to ad-

vantage by a manufacturer of dairy

products who has been accused of the

addition of oleomargarine or of cotton-

seed oil to the cream in the production

of butter. It has also been employed

to advantage in the sophistication of

lard with cottonseed oil, the argument





. being made that the addition of cot—





tonseed meal in the ration of hogs is

paramount to the artificial mixing of

cottonseed oil with lard, in the one in-

stance the only difference being the ad-

mixing through the medium of the

animal.



Small Mixtures Have Been Hard to



Aanalyze.



These claims are made possible be-

cause of the very great similarity

chemically of the composition of the

fats of the different animals, certain

of the oils and butter-fat. While they

are different in physical characteris-

tics, the differences chemically have

not been such that it has been easy to

recognize them when present in small

quantities. It has not always been an

easy matter to tell whether lard is

adulterated with a very small quantity

of cottonseed oil or whether steamed

lard might not have been used in

cream, for instance, if it were not

used in excessive quantities. Most of

the methods of identifying these pro-

ducts are methods which are not con

cerned with the identification of the

product itself but with the identifica-

sonie congeneric substance

which always accompanies the product.

To make this a little more plain we

will state a specific case: We will

take maple syrup, for instance. The

method of identifying maple syrup or





I ‘distinguishing the presence of maple





syrup in a mixture of maple and cane

is not the identification of the syrup

itself but a study of the ash constitu-

These congeneric





 

 

 

 

 

 





rpfiimilarly with cottonseed oil. The

sectors which have made it possible

it) identify cottonseed oil are sub-





 





stances other than the oil which are

always found in cottonseed oil. It

may happen that in feeding animals

cottonseed meal some of these same

congeneric substances may be taken

up by the system of the animal and

elaborated in the tissue and thus the

lard when rendered will give a reac-

tion similar to the reaction obtained

with cottonseed Oil. Hence some scien-

tists have maintained that cottonseed

oil was actually a constituent of the

lard.



It is this type of reasoning which is

responsible for much of the common

opinion that it is possible to feed fat

into a milk by increasing the fat con-

tent of the ration. When one stops to

consider that milk is elaborated. on an

entirely different plan, that it is prob-

ably a breaking down of the cells of

the mammary gland, one may easily

see that it is necessarily entirely inde-

pendent of the ration.



Different Animals Have their Different

Characteristics.



Different types of animals have their

individual characteristics of milk com-

position. The composition of the milk

of no two animals is alike; not only

is not alike insofar as fat content is

concerned, but it is not alike insofar

as water is concerned, or mineral mat-

ter, or proteid matter;

alike in composition of these materials.





It’s the Breed that Counts.



Two different types of animals may

feed entirely upon the same feed and

they will produce milk of: an entirely

different composition, just exactly in

the same way as two trees growing in

the same ground will elaborate an en-

tirely different fxuit. Nor is it possi-

ble to change in any regular way the

composition of a plant by a change in

the character of its feed. Increasing

the nutritive material available for

plant growth does not exhibit any es-

pecial change in its composition. It

does affect the character of its growth

and in the same way the feed of a

dairy cow influences in a remarkable

degree the amount of milk secreted.



The claim has been frequently made

that during certain periods of the year

when cows have access to fresh grass,

the milk, while much greater in quan-

tity is also poorer in quality.

words, that excessive rainfall and un-

usual succulency in feed produces a





change in the composition of milk, al-





ways making it thinner.

Do Wet and Succulent Feeds Make

Thinner Milk?



Some experiments along this line

have lately been conducted by the

Dairy Division of the Bureau of Ani-

mal Husbandry who studied in this re-

spect the following types of rations:



1. A full allowance of drinking wa-

ter as compared with a limited supply

of drinking water; this being the only

variable factor in the ration.



2. A heavy ration of turnips as

against a dry roughage ration.



3. Wet beet pulp as compared with

dried beet pulp.



4. Green, crimson clover as compar-

ed with cured hay.



In the experiment with the compari-

son of the full ration of water with a

limited supply, eight cows were used.

In this experiment variations as usual,

were noted, but they were found to be

entirely independent of the character

of the ration. As a result of this whole

set of experiments it was concluded

that the variation in the 'water content

of the ration had absolutely no influ-

ence on the composition of the milk

produced. .



In the second experiment, .with tur-

nips, four cows were used and a con-

siderable variation in the behavior 'of

the different cows was observed, some

being influenced in one direction and

some in another. It is very evident

that the difference in the character of

the two feeds was not responsible for



(Continued on page 101).





neither is it»





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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, fie.
; . : LITERATURE



' POETRY

HISTORY an? .



‘ inroamanon





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





» 77w FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





Finis Mame Section forms apart of our paper every week. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





ROBABLY one of the greatest



blessings granted to the Indians



of Michigan by a compassionate

Providence was their inability to read

English, and thus acquaint themselves

with the malicious scandalization of

their beloved land indulged in by a gos-

siping world. It is merciful that they

could not place a copper-colored thumb

on certain paragraphs in those early

geographies and read the brazen state-

ment that “The section of territory

known as the Michigan Peninsula is

one vast swamp or marsh, filled with

lakes, covered with sand hills, is posi-





N eemah—a





Bad Indian





By MARY L. DANN





tively incapable of cultivation, and, in

all human probability, will never be

cultivated or settled. On a warm sum-

mer or spring day, if one looks in the

vast marshes, he will see myriads upon

myriads of venomous reptiles basking

in the sun.” If the Indian could have

read this, I fear that his bow-string

would have twanged and an arrow

sped in the direction of the geographer.





Our ancestors read this outrageous

villification of this land of the Potta-

wottomies and Chippewas and accept-

ed it as authentic information, acquir-

ing thereby a very strong perjudice

against the entire territory of Michi-

gan. That geographer would see a

great light if he could be re-embodied

and pay a visit to the thousands of

prosperous farms and scores of teem-





ing cities now occupying the same ter-

ritory. A venomous reptile basking in.

the Michigan sun today would be

spring-tooth harrowed or hay-tedded to

death, or would have the time of its

young life in trying to cross the high-

way without being flattened to a. rib-

bon by a road roller or ground to chow-

der by an automobile or tractor. The,

basking days for reptiles are over in

Michigan.



The Pottawattomie Indians loved

this splendid state of ours, and in its

early history, there stands out in bold

relief the stolid, pathetic figure of Nee-





”HIIIHHIIIIllllllllllllllll'lIllIll”llllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllll"Ill!llllllllllllllllilllllllilllllllllllllllIllillllllllllllllllllllllllHIIHHIIIHIIIHIIIHHHI”NHIHHillHHlHIHIIHHIHHHHHIHH”H“”HIll”“II”iHIIHHIIHHHHHHHHIHIIHHHHHIHHIIHHIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHiHHIHHIHHIHHHHHHHll!HIIHIHHiHHIHIHHIIHHIIIIIHHIIIllllilllllllllilllllHIHHIIIIHIHIIIHIllllllllllHiHHIIHHIIIIIIHIIlllllllillflllllllllfllll





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





.Thos. .M. Osborne, Reinstated Warden

of Sing Sing, Addressing Convicts.





 





Teuton Machine Gun in Action Under





Scouting Party of Expeditionary Force Bomb-proof Shelter.





in Mexico Returning to Camp.





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   





   





__The German Submarine Merchantman. Beutschland, with Tug Alongside.





' . , t





Shark 10 ft. Long and Weighing





dopyright by bridal-wood. t Undrwood‘fl. V.





400 lbs., Caught off New Jersey Coast.
as



_ one or the earliest legalpro-



gs of which We have record. This

j- was held in Eaton county inl836. were going to a strange land where that “Neemali had eaten too much corn . ever thank you?” ' . . .

he crime charged against ‘Neemah they were told corn would grow only and killed himself soon after his hrs “There, there, 313m.» and he took

, s. that of killing his squaw with a knee high and pumpkins no larger rival in Canada.” Let us hope that he the worn hand in his soft pudgy one

Mtchet, and this offense, so often con. than potatoes The braves wrapped did not find the entrance to the Happy and patted it soothingly. Then hearing

tamed by the civilized was wrathfully themselves in their blankets and bore Hunting Grounds barred by the cross- someone comingup the porch steps, he

“ ented by the savages The great their grief in silence.” ed stocks, over which no Pottawatomie dropped the hand and said “Good-bye,

of and all the lesser chiefs met in Tnckamin. a splendid type of Indian, dares to enter, and that his Indian sister, till Thursday two weeks,” and

"nd council, gaudy in war-paint and who had fought on the side of the Brit— wife has forgiven him for so violently placing a finger upon his lips to em-

leathers, but With grave, dark faces. ish under Tecumser, resented this releasing her from what seems to the phasize the need of discretion, he pick-

The breeze-shaken leaves roofed their treatment of his race by our govern- pampered "squaw" of the white man a ed up his hat and left.



court room; the shadow-decked moss ment, and successfully guided a band gray, cheerless, thankless life. John came in 'as Bi‘other Howard-





1"” ti“ .mxuriantthwge“ “.‘ei’ ”1:” mmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmnmmmmmmmmnnumlmmnnmnmnmmmnmnnmmnmmnmnnnmmnmnmnmn son went out, and looked surprised to ,

cour error was e rummmg par ' see Miss Trent entertaining a visitor





. . ,.

ridge and the citations were all from I Sh 3 Cl h . ‘

‘ the law of nature as expounded by the n 661) S 0t 1 ng at such an hour. She turned in an em fl





   





women and all women love home. They through one of the Gene an refugees





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





. barrassed manner to take her hat and

Great and All-“Ilse Cmmentator- B ANNA E BLEY coat from the sofa. John called out

Whether those Indians hatchelled and y ‘ ‘ cheerlly as he went up the stairs

brow-beat their witnesses until it was (Continued from last week). - “Good-night Aunt Phoebe Ann," but

" impossible to tell which was being After the first hymn and prayer, the on the centre-table. It was a. large there was a, troubled look in his em

. tried, the witness or the criminal, the minister introduced Brother Howard- lamp with a pink flowered globe and The following morning she gave him

. .. historian does not state. However, it son as “our dear brother from the base; it had come with trading-stamps a letter to mail addressed to the say.

u quite certain that there was no such west, who has come among us with a and, Miss Trent felt a thrill of pride ing fund.

vocal pyrotechnics indulged in by the gospel message.” The minister sat whenever she had occasion to light it. During the next “to weeks Miss

chiefs as in our modern courts, Where down, and Brother Howardson rose and The soft glow diffused through the Trent was like an young girl light-

, the corridors re-echo to the stamps delivered a, powerful address. He,told large roses did not hide Miss Trent’s hearted and 811? full of little jokes

- and yells 0f hysterical attorneys, how the Lord had called him from a nervousness nor disguise the interest- and as solicitous as ever of John's

whose tones are loudest when their life of sinful pleasure and had taken ed gleam behind Brother Howardson's welfm_ It worried John for she had

.' cause is weakest. Such bulfoonery was away from him the desire to do wrong. polished glasses. She removed her been like a mother to him since he

,‘ reserved by the savages for pow-wows A wonderful change had been wrought bonnet and coat, laid them on the hair— came to live with her five years be-

and snake danceS- However. there in his life, and no longer the dance- cloth sofa, and sat down in the rocker fare. and he was devoted to her. All





abounded gutteral exclamations, con- hall, the card-table, and the wine-glass opposite him. the home comforts that boarding~hous~

demnatory grunts, stately gestures to- lured him. Hearty "Amens" echoed "Brother Howardson, 1 have been es usually omit, Miss Trent provided

ward the setting sun. grave consulta- throughout the church. thinking of that favor you’re going to for John, and all the love of her lonely





tions in monotone and long periods of— He touched upon the death of his do for Deacon Hewitt. I hate to men- old age was lavished upon the big

“silence, which must have been or old mother, and the tears rolled down tion it, but you spoke of favoring me broad-shouldered young fellow.

tremely nerve'mc‘iing t0 the “WWW Miss Trent's cheeks which shesought at any time." When the two weeks had passed and "

nate Neemah. for her handkerchief ; all about her she “My dear sister, anything that I can the Thursday upon which Miss Trent

At last the grand council reached its could hear men vigorously blowing do, pray tell me freely.” He leaned was to go to the city for the money

decision and its verdict was “guilty." their noses. Then he sang “Throw forward expectantly, his hands upon had come, John Paxson found his





The cunningly devised sentence was Out the Life Line," in a deep bass his knees. lunch waiting for him and'Miss Trent

that Neemah should never again dur- voice and asked the congregation to ‘ "I have a little money, about four arrayed in her best dress. As he pass-

ing his life own a pony or a rifle. Can join in the refrain. hundred dollars, that I would like to ed the door of the front room, he





the white man conceive of the bitter- When the collection had been taken place in your hands for investment." caught a glimpseof her bonnet, gloves,

ness of this punishment to his red up. the minister asked them to rise “Let me see, that would be how clean handkerchief, purse and saving

brother? The Indian judge had clev— and sing the doxology as it was grOW- many shares ?” fund book lying on the centre-table.

erly invented for Neemah a punish- ing late; after the benediction, the “According to what you let Deacon - “Going to town, Aunt Phoebe Ann’”

ment almost equal to solitary impris- meeting broke up. Hewitt have, I counted it about six— he asked



onment for life. He was despised and Brother Howardson came down teen hundred shares.” “Yes, John,” she replied with quiet

_ shunned by every Indian and no one from the platform and shook hands “Right you are, sister, right you are." dignity and John forbore questioning

. would have given him a morsel if he with members who crowded around I do like to see a woman with a busi- her mrther.



' . starved; Even his own family turned him. Miss Trent's heart sank—how ness head. So many of our dear sis- That evening when he got home, he



against him and he could call no man could she ever mention private aflairs ters understand little beyond just noticed that she still had on her good



friend. He made for himself a large in such a mob as that? Her beautiful what the Lord has given them to do." dress instead of having removed it as



and powerful bow and would pursue dreams faded. Brother Howardson Miss Trent’s heart warmed toward was her custom. The suspicions that



his game patiently. day after day. until would go away and she would return this good man. “And then, Brother lurked in John’s mind began to take



'he could get within bow shot. to her quiet uneventful life and little Howardson, I have twenty-five dollars definite shape. - .



Neemah planted his solitary wigwam economies. of the Sunday school’s organ money. After supper, he went to his room.



on the banks of Battle Creek, which Sadly she left the church and turn— That would make seventeen hundred put on a cap and slipped a monkey-

was then known to the Indians as “Me ed 111) the street toward home. She shares altogether." wrench that had belonged to the tool-

jash-Ke-wapikisco,” meaning “Stone was getting old—in a few more years, “Hm-hm!” he stroked his smoothly kit of an old bicycle, into his pocket.

Pipe,” an article which they made from she would be leaving the little church shaven face thoughtfully. She waited “Good-bye, Aunt Phoebe Ann,” he

the limestone near Bellevue, where a for the last time. AS she dragged her anxiously, minutes passed. called as he looked in at the kitchen

cement factory is now located. It hap- foot wearily along, She heard someone At last he said, “Well, Lthink I can door, “I’ll be back early.”



pened that when .Neemah was absent walking briskly behind. arrange that for you, Sister Trent; “All right, John,” and he fancied that

on one of his long hunting trips’ two In a moment a deep voice said, “Sis- that will be four hundred and twenty a look of relief passed over her face.

rnen entered his wigwam and carried ter Trent, I did not have an opportu- five dollars " When the 7:45 train pulled in at 4,

away four venison hams. This cured nity to say ‘good-bye.”’ “Yes, yes,” she cried eagerly. Sandersville, a young man standing in

meat meant to him long days of weary “Oh, Brother Howardson,” Miss “I am going away tomorrow morn- a dark doorway had the satisfaction

waiting on the trail to get within bow 'l‘rent’s heart fluttered, “I enjoyed ing," and will be glad if you can let of seeing Brother Joseph Howardson

shot of the deer; and the loss greatly your talk so much.” me have a check for that amount now.” alight and walk rapidly up the street

lessened his store of winter food. It “That gives me great pleasure, sis- Her face fell. “I’m sorry, but it’s in in the direction of Miss Trent’s cot-



,js small wonder that Neemah, swear— tor—to scatter a little sunshine as we the saving fund. I can’t get it for two tags. He let the godly gentleman get

. ing brokenly, followed the large tracks go through. life becomes the Christian’s weeks.” a good block ahead, and then quietly



of the thief until they led him to a joy." “Dear me,” he exclaimed impatient- followed. He saw Brother Howardson

' house nearly eight miles away. He “Brother Howardson’,’ began Miss 1y, “couldn’t you get it before then?” turn in at Miss Trent’s gate, saw a

. strode in, storming and gesticulating Trent timorously, “you Spoke this “No, Brother Howardson, I couldn’t light shine out as the door opened, and

. and pointed to the frying pan where morning of doing me a favor.” possibly get it under two weeks’ no« then waited no longer. Quickly he



. some of the venison‘was cooking. The “Yes, my dear sister,” he admitted tice.” I gained the shadow of a gnarled old

white vandal would Offer no restitu- encouragingly, “anything that I can do, Brother Howardson thought rapidly. cherry tree that grew at the end of

~. tion; but Neemah met him alone one pray show no hesitancy in advising “When can you notify them, sister?” Miss Trent’s yard, just outside of the \

.Sunday morning and gave him such a me of it.” “I’ll write tonight and mail it the fence. Assuring himself that there

sound thrashing that our historian tells They had reached the cottage. It first thing tomorrow morning.” was absolutely no one around, he drew

, us he came near having a second mur- was half past nine, 8. late hour for “Very well, Sister Trent, I should his handkerchief from his pocket, fast—

der on his hands. Sandersville—would it be proper to in~ indeed like to help you, and I admire ened it about his face just below the

«Then came the dark‘ days, when vite Brother Howardson in? She glanc- the generous spirit which prompts eyes.

General Brady was sent by the United ed up at John’s shutters—all was dark you to include the Sunday school mon~ His calculations had been correct,

States government to scour the forests -——he evidently had not come home yet. ey. , Tomorrow will be Thursday—if Brother Howardson soon left Miss

and collect the Pottawattomie Indians Well, this was a matter of grave im- you will draw out the money two Trent’s cottage. The young man heard

and good them to their place of banjsh. portance, and if the town would be weeks from tomorrow, I will call two the deep-voiced “Good-night, sister,”

ment beyond the Mississippi river. shocked now, later on, they would un- weeks from tomorrow evening." saw Miss Trent wave her hand gaily

When the Indians were informed of derstand her injudiciousness. “Oh, thank you, sir,” assented Miss from the lighted doorway; the door

' this action, they held one long council, “If you will come in, Brother How— Trent. “I‘m afraid I’m putting you to closed, the gate clicked. . He stood

then scattered in every direction. They ardson, I can speak of the matter. ” a great deal of trouble." stock-still, hands clenched, on the oth-

were surrounded by cavalry, brought “Certainly, certainly,” be acquiesced “That’s all right, sister. On account er side of the cherry tree.

{oil "from their hiding places and start- readily. of my regard for your work and my Brother Howardson’ s footsteps came

‘ on the long trail toward the sunset. She stooped to get the key from un- friendship for Deacon Hewitt, I'll be briskly along, there was a buoyancy in

and Foote, an early pioneer of der the mat, opened the door and led very glad, very glad indeed, to attend the tread. As he came abreast of the

county, says of them: “During the way into the front room. She to it for you, but not a word to any- cherry tree a figure stole out of the

last night of their stay, the moans walked over to the mantel in the dark, body. Although I do not wish to slight darkness, something shot out and land-

lamentations of the squaws were felt for the china shepardess, and tak- any person, you can readily under- ed between the reverend brother's

spending, Those squaws were ing a match from it, lighted the lamp stand my position and, of course, the eyes; down he went like a log. the ,
me;





 





 





 





. four inches deep.





 





I: W ind get into the trap.





 





a wmmrmgether in a





grasp of iron, white another went





Quickly through his pockets; a fat wal-





let was transferred to somewhere else. .





'A moment later he experienced the

sensation of cold steel against his left

temple, and a voice muttered, "Get up,

move on; it you turn, you’re a dead

man.”



Brother Howardson rose staggering

1y to his feet, his hat was thrust into

his hand, another pressure of the steel

.upon his temple, a firm push forward,

and he weakly moved toward the sta—

tion.



The days following Brother Howard-

son’s visit flew by like a breeze to

Kiss Trent. House-cleaning, work in

the garden, were filled with pleasure

for the pink-cheeked blue-eyed old

lady. In everything she found food for

thought, blissful joyous thought, and

for all the delightful generous little

plans for the fall. Never had she had

such a glorious spring. Even the

weather, the blossoms on the fruit

trees, the songs of the returning birds,

seemed to share her happiness.



' Then there was an evening when

John came home to find the little cot-

tags in darkness, no appetizing odors

to greet him as he opened the front

door. A dread clutched his heart as

he made his way back to the kitchen.

There, by the gleam of the fire and by

the dim light of the dying day, he saw

a little figure huddled in the rocking-

chair.



"Aunt Phoebe Ann!" and in a mo-

ment he was at her side.





“I'm all right, John," she assured





 

 





John lighted the lamp and

where her finger pointed:

EVANGE‘LIST CHARGED WITH

SWINDLING.



Then followed Brother Howardson’s

true name, a new of his aliases and a

full account of his evil doings.



“Mis’ Hewitt brought the paper up

this afternoon,” Miss Trent went on

in a muffled voice, “she said the dea-

con got stuck for ten dollars, but out‘

side 0’ that, she said she guessed folks

in Sandersville were too smart for

him,” and the old lady gave a sob.



“Wait a minute, Aunt Phoebe Ann,”

and John rushed to his room. In a mo-

ment he returned and dropped a fat

wallet in her lap.



“Count it, Aunt Phoebe Ann," he

cried jubilantly.



With trembling fingers the old lady

started to count the contents. “I can’t

do it, John,” she faltered.



Slowly and .distinctly John counted

our four hundred and thirty-two dol-

lars.



“Was that it, Aunt Phoebe ?” he ask-

ed affectionately.



"Mine was four hundred and twen-

ty-five,” she answered in an awed

voice, too startled even to ask how he

had gotten it.



“Then we’ll put the seven extra into

the missionary fund,” suggested John.



“And mark it the Hand of Provi-

dence,” she added tremulously.



“Good.” and John smiled as he glanc-

ed down at his right hand where dark

spots on the knuckles still' betrayed

missing bits of skin.





read





IlllllllllllllHIHlllUHIINHHIIIIHlllllllllllllmllllllllNIHIiHIIIIlHIIIIIIIIllllllIIIIIIIHIIHHIIIIHIIHIUHHIHIIIIIHI”HINIHHHHIHHIlllllllllllHllIHIHHIHIHIIIIIIHIIlllllllllllllllllllllIIHI IllllHlHllllHHlllllllllllllillilllll





How to Catch Muskrats





By ISAAC MOTES.





HILE muskrat pelts do not bring

VR/ a very high price, it pays well

to trap them, because they are

so numerous and easily caught. Musk-

rats are not at all cunning like the fox.

The main trouble is in getting them af-

terwards—in catching them where

they will drown before they twist a

foot off and get away, or where a

mink or skunk will not find them and

mangle them before you arrive. Or, if

the weather is very cold their feet soon

freeze where they are caught in the

trap and break off, and the animals es-

cape unless they are caught where

they will drown easily.



Muskrat dens and signs are some-

times hard to find, for so often the op-

ening is under water, and the den

slopes back and upward into the bank,

so the young trapper need not believe

that there are no muskrats in his 10-

cality because he never sees much sign

of them.



To catch muskrats put an apple on

the sharpened end of a stick and stick

this into the mud at the edge of a

stream where the water is three or

Let the apple be

from two to six inches above the wa-

ter. Try this a night or two at several

places along the stream where it looks

“ratty,” and if the animals are there-

abouts you will soon begin to catch

them. Stake the traps as far out in

the stream as possible, so as to drown

the animals quickly. When first caught

the muskrat makes a plunge for deep

water if it is within reach, and drowns

before he gets over his fright.



A rocky place in the middle of a run-

ning stream where several rocks jut-

out of the water is another good place

to catch muskrats. Set your traps

around on flat rocks two or three inch—

es below the surface, chain to rocks,

andplace bits of apple or parsnip on

.the rocks above the surface. Bits of

turnip or cabbage will also attract





‘ them. Tie an apple, parsnip or turnip





to a rock by a string, place a trap or

two within the string’s length of the





: place to which it is fastened, and the





annals will in pulling at it circle





 





When streams are all frozen over,

and there are no open places for musk-

rats to pass in and out excepting what

they themselves keep open, go along

one of these streams until you come to

a place where the water runs swift.

Here the ice will be thin. Break a hole

and set the trap just under the hole. If

the 'water is over four inches deep

scrape up sufficient earth and rock to

make it that depth. Run chain up or

down stream under the ice to its full

length, and at that place break a small

hole and drive your stake down until

top is even with the ice. Naturally all

the rats, mink and other water animals

that travel the stream will more than

likely go in and out at the hole where

your trap is. Let the trap be a stout

one, as you are apt to catch a mink or

otter also. It is, of course, not neces-

sary to halt this trap.



Another way to catch muskrats is to

set your trap at the den where there

are fresh signs, in about four inches of

water, and have a sliding pole so as to

drown them as soon as caught. Or set

the trap in the sand near the mouth of

their dens, and scatter some shelled

corn or bits of apple in the sand around

the trap and inside the jaws.



Go along the bank of a stream with

a spade and make some little mounds

right at the water’s edge, and set your

traps on these. Muskrats are much

given to sitting on elevated objects

alongside the water, or just in the edge

of shallow water or on a mound of

earth, a flat rock, a rotten log sticking

up out of the water, or the like. If

there is danger of someone stealing

your trap get into the water with a

boat or wade in with your rubber boots

and make the mounds out in the water,

if not too deep, by raking up mud and

broken rock from the bottom. In eith-

er case bait with shelled corn, apples,

parsnips or turnips.



Another good set for muskrat is to

spade and dig a trench from the wa-





ter’s edge back into the bank a foot or





two. Let the bottom of the little ditch

be level, and deep enough so that the

water will stand two or three inches





deep over the bottom. Put an apple,





, corn, apples,





 





m good

strong steel trap about five inches in

front of this bait. By using a strong

trap you may catch a coon, mink, otter

or skunk. Where the bank is too steep

to dig this ditch a small pen can be

made at the edge of the water with

sodden chunks or rock. Leave open on

the water side. Cover with bark 'or

sticks. Put the halt in the back part

and set trap five or six inches in front

of it, just under the surface of the wa-

ter. If the water be clear cover trap

with something, for by so doing you

have a chance to catch some other

kind of animal as well. Let the pen

be narrow, so an animal cannot get to

the bait without putting its foot into

the trap. Stake your traps as far out

in the water as possible, so that what-

ever you catch will drown before it has

time to gnaw or twist its foot off.



During long spells of freezing weath-

er, when the ice is thick, muskrats and

other water animals get very hungry,

for they cannot get into and out of the

water after fish, etc. Therefore the

colder the weather grows the more

careful should you be to keep several

holes open in the water near the bank.

A good place for these is near the

sprangled roots of a tree growing at

the water’s edge and partly in the wa-

ter. The bank should be long and

sloping above and below the tree, grad-

ually getting steeper nearer the tree,

in order that water animals traveling

up or down stream along the bank will

see the hole. in the ice. If the water is

too deep here to set traps on the bot-

tom under the opening in the ice, as

before described, set several around

the hole on the ice, also along the bank

nearest the hole and just at the edge

of the water, covering them with moss,

pine needles, damp leaves, feathers or

cat fur, baiting the place will with

parsnips or turnips, or

almost any kind of green vegetables.



The best months in which to take

muskrats are February and March,

when the fur is thick and heavy, for

the animals are hungry then, as the

ice is breaking up in the rivers and

lakes, enabling them to stir out better

than during the dead of winter.



Skin muskrats as soon after being





Stretch the pea evenly, and meter-





ately tight, and tack to Will! imllQI'i:





ateiy, with ”the dosh side out. The

stretching is required in order that the

pelts will not dry too thick. Dry in the

shade, without smoke or Are.



Some furflers prefer the skins not

cut down the front, but pulled‘over the

heads as the Indians skin them.





TREES.





 





BY T. G. MORRIS.

Trees, trees, beautiful trees

That stretch your branches afar,

I sometimes wonder if you know

How beautiful you are!





Trees, trees, majestic trees,

That tower and bend and wave,



You hold the traveler s vision

Like cathedral’ s lofty wave





Trees, trees, sheltering trees,

With leafy banners unfurled,



You stand as messengers of Hope

And beckon to the world. '





Trees, trees, wonderful trees,

From sturdy oak to elm,



You are the pilots of the sky,

His captains at the helm!





EFFORT.





 





I“? J. A. KAISER.





Who strives to do with willing hands





The work that falls to him,

May tug in vain to loose the strands

Of stern Fate, dark and grim.





The world may count his life mis-





spent,

And he himself may feel

That Failure strode the way he went

And crushed him ’neath his heel.





But when before the judge supreme

The willing worker stands,



Methinks the just judge will not deem

He comes with empty hands.





For he who knows each high intent

And what the failures cost,



Will deem no earnest life mis spent

And count no eff01t lost.





That spirit which suffices quiet

hearts, which seems to come forth to

such from every dry knoll of seer grass,

from every pine stump, and half im~

bedded stone, on which the full March

sun shines, comes forth to the poor

and hungry, and such as are of simple

as e. .





 





 





 





 





 





 





A Horseshoe in the Heart of an Oak Tree





A short time ago a block from a tree on Cralton Horton’s farm in Jack-

son county, when split in halves, disclosed in its center the horseshoe shown





in the above pictuie. The block was





fifteen inches in diameter and the





shoe under six inches of wood, hung on the stub of a little limb. How





did it get there? Thirty- five years ago





the writer hung it on the limb of an





oak tree, then about three inches in diameter where the limb put out. The





limb kept the horseshoe constantly at





the same distance from the center of 1





the tree, stopping the growth of wood under the shoe, while it continued to





grow around the shoe, and closed over it naturally.





had moved farther from the center of





If the foot of the limb

the tree by its growth, the shoe would





have been carried out, and would not have been absorbed. —'-Van. R. W.





Horton.





pass 97

use to be mm out am.





I .





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





 





 





 

 





, .1 ._ .. « ~. m: r.

-,‘:‘_j‘.r.,.m ‘1'“ .15‘_...,’~:v A" ,1 .’.v” ..'
Housekeeper’s Conference at M. A. C.





ONDAY, July 10, Miss Paulina peas, carrots, gooseberries and cher‘ a clean covered box; one or two clean the top of mattress, tuck one side un-

M E. Raven, Extension Represent— ries. This method has already been bottles with corks, and a few, small der and pin securely in place with

ative in Home Economics, gave described in these columns sol will jars with covers, are all good things safety pins. Pull the other side tight

two demonstrations one on the making not repeat it. The extension workers to keep on hand. and pin underneath, then fasten the

of jelly, and one on the cold pack are giving special attention to the can— A Neighborhood Loan Closet is a lower end. If the sheet is not long

method of canning. Many of you have ning this year because many of the very good thing in rural communities. enough to turn under at both ends, be

heard Miss Raven lecture, and know canning factories are under war con- This can be fitted up at small cost with sure it is turned under at the top. ,

,how practical her lessons are. She is tract with the Allies and there will be sick-room appliances that are not found A rubber protector can be placed

a woman of broad training and practi- an increase of one-fourth to one-third in the ordinary household. In fitting crosswise of the bed and over this put

cal experience, and one. feels that she in the price of their product. During these up do not attempt to keep rub- a. draw sheet. For this draw sheet

knows her subject thoroughly. the conference the statement was ber supplies on hand. Rubber dete- fold a sheet lengthwise through the

Three things are necessary for the made that last year one-half the fruit rioates quickly and it is better to buy center and then crosswise; place it on

making of jelly—pectin, acid and sug- and vegetables raised in Michigan was it when needed. An exception to- this the bed with the fold through the top,

ar. Pectin is found in the juice of absolutely wasted. In some sections is the best quality of rubber sheeting. and pin each to side firmly.





 





 





 





ripe fruits; in, green fruits it is not of the state fruit rotted on the ground; Bandages can be made from the out— In placing the upper sheet, be sure it





fully developed and in over-ripe fruit in other sections it could only be ob- er edge of old sheets when the center is pulled down low enough to cover the

it has undergone still another change, tained by paying exorbitant prices, and has become too worn for use. Tear lower end of the mattress.

so that neither green fruit nor over- in others could not be obtained at all. the sheet into strips the desired width, Blankets should be well tucked un-

ripe fruit will produce perfect jelly. One of the ministers present, living and flat—stitch the ends together to der at the bottom with the opening to-

Sunshine is necessary for the develop- close to the edge of the fruit belt said make bandages about fivelyards long ward the top, so that one part can be

ment of pectin, and because of the lack only one carload of peaches reached ~then roll into tight rolls and Wrap in turned under if desired. ‘

of sunshine, last summer'was a very his town during the summer. waxed paper. _Bandages one, two or The ideal bed spread is of dimity.

poor season for the making of jelly. Health Day. three inches wide are most used. These spreads are very attractive for

Some fruits are lacking in pectin and Tuesday was Health Day and the Care of Rubber Hot Water Bottle.— -any bed, can be easily laundered, are

will not produce jelly when treated in meeting was equally as full of practical Invert, hang by loop in the bottom, very light weight and easily handled.

the ‘ordinary way, but it is possible to help as the one on Monday. Miss Len- and tie the stopper to the handle. A Rather than use the heavy Marseilles

prepare a pectin extract and add it to na F. Cooper, Dietitian at the Battle metal bottle is very good for most pur- spread, use another sheet; . Turn the

the juice extracted from these fruits. Creek Sanitarium, presided. poses and retains the heat longer, top of the spread in under, the blank-

To prepare this pectin extract, take Miss Elizabeth Parker, Visiting ‘Care of Waste_—Any waste taken ct, then fold the upper sheet back over

the white inner rind of oranges, cover Nurse in Lansing, talked about the from the patient should be burned at both.

with soft or distilled water (never use care of the sick-room. She said that once; put dressings into newspapers Pillows should be large enough to

hard water for this) boil about ten in this age of preparedness we are nev- and burn. Boil all soiled clothing at raise the head comfortably.

minutes, and drain as for jelly—from er prepared for sickness; but we are once from fifteen to thirty minutes, in '

two to 24 hours. To determine how improving in this regard. There has order that it may be sterilized. After SOME SEASONABLE DISHES FROM





 





 





much of this pectin extract is needed, recently been inaugurated a Red Cross this it may be safely washed. SMALL FRUITS.

put into a glass about two teaspoons Town and Country Service, of which Economy of Bed and Body Linen.—

of the fruit juice and. one teaspoon of I hope to tell you later. As said before, the nurse’s dress should Raspberry Pudding.—Scald one quart





the pectin extract. In another glass Sick Room.—The less there is in the be of cotton—the kimona, or bungalow of milk, add six teaspoons of corn

have a small quantity of grain alcohol sick—room the easier it is for both the apron, is good but the loose kimona is starch moistened with a little cold

and add to it the mixed juices; if they nurse and patient, and this of course bad. Loosely fitting aprons of Wash- milk, and four tablespoons of sugar.

are combined in the right proportion, helps in the recovery. Bare floors are able crepe, protect the dress, are eas- Cook in a double boiler until thick, add

jelly will be quickly formed. If the best because they can be most easily ily washed and do not require ironing. a few grains of salt, fold in the stiffly

jelly is not formed more of the pectin kept clean. Remove all unnecessary A change of night-dress rests a pa- beaten whites of two eggs and pour

extract is needed; if it is too stiff, of articles, especially elaborate covers, tient. It is well to use two gowns a into a border mold. When firm, turn

course less is required. A little experi- draperies and clothing. For the dress- day; after the second one is put on the out and fill the center with raspberries

menting will soon determine the exact er covers substitute plain towels or first can be hung on the line to air, or any other berries in season. Serve

amount necessary. clean paper. and put on again at night. In this way with whipped cream.



Miss Barrows, of Teacher’s College Dress—The dress of the patient two gowns will last for several days - Berry and Rice Pudding—Butter. a

and Chautauqua, recommends drying should be as comfortable as possible. without washing. Sheets can be used shallow pulling dish; put in a layer of

the white rind of oranges used in the A night-gown cut off just‘ below the in the same way. berries sprinkled'with sugar and grat-

winter and saving it for the making of hips, slit down the front, and put on _ If towels and wash cloths are kept ed lemon rind, cover- with boiled rice.

pectin extract in the summer. with the back to the front, leaving for special purposes they can be used Repeat until dish is full, having the



Miss Raven demonstrated the mak- nothing but the sheet under the pa- for several days; for example—two last layer of rice. Over the top put a"

ing of strawberry jelly. The strawber- tient is most comfortable. An old one wash cloths, one for the face and one layer of buttered crumbs, and bake un-

ry juice was extracted by boiling the of either cotton or flannel can easily for the body. til fruit is tender.

clean, fresh strawberries until soft, be cut down. A Hip pad made from five 0r six Blackberry Pudding—Sift together

then draining through a jelly bag. The The ‘nurse should wear a wash dress, newspapers, covered with cheap cot- two cups of flour, four level teaspoons

juice was then measured and one-third sufficiently loose and comfortable to ton batting, and thin cheesecloth pin- of baking powder and one-fourth tea-V

as much pectin extract was added, and work easily and simple enough to re- ned over it protects the bedding. These spoon of salt. Beat ”two eggs light, add

heated to boiling point. Then she ad- quire little thought On her part. A are easily and quickly made and should one cup of sugar and two cups of milk

ded three-fourths of a cup of heated bungalow apron makes an excellent be burned when soiled. _ and combine with first mixture; add

sugar for each cup of juice, adding it dress for the home nurse. The Making of the Bed.—The single one quart of blackberries and bake in

so slowly that the boiling was not stop- Medicine—Understand the doctor’s bed is preferred for the sick-room. Met- a hot oven for one—half hour. Serve

ped. This mixture was allowed to boil orders thoroughly; write them down, a1 beds are most easily cleaned and with hard sauce

until it gave the sheet or spoon test: do not trust to memory. Time is worth disinfected so these are chosen for hosi Huckleberry Pudding —Mix and sift-

i. e., it dropped from the spoon in two everything that will be saved by this pitals and are just as desirable for the two cups of flour one- -half teaspoon of

places at the same time. Then it was precaution. If several powders are to home, The mattress should be the soda, one- half teaspoon of ground

poured into glasses and allowed to cool be given put each in a separate envel- most comfortable that can be obtained. cloves, and one-eighth teaspoon of salt,

and harden, after which it was covered ope, and write on it exact directions 01d comfortables will help to soften a add one cup of molasses and mix-‘





with paraffine. for its use, and the hours at which it mattress that has become, old and smooth then stir in carefully three

Grapes and currants are so rich in‘ is to be given, 7—9-11, etc., not simply hard, Protect the mattress with blank- cups of huckleberries Pour into but-

acid and pectin that from one quantity “Every two hours.” If a solution in ct, quilt or special pad. tered mold and steam about forty min-i





of grapes you can make two lots of jel- glass is to be given, cover with stiff The bed should be of such a height utes. Serve hot with sauce.

ly, and from currants you can make paper snapped in place with a rubber that the nurse can lift the patient with- ‘ '

three lots of jelly. To do‘ this, wash band, leaving spoon on top of glass out much bending of her back. If the ' RECIPES.

your fruit, boil and drain, and use this next to be given. Remember that a bed is too low for this, raise it by ‘





 





 





juice for the first lot of jelly. Then prescription is made out for one per- means of one or more bricks placed Harvest hands sometimes like agoOd- .-





measure the pulp left in the jelly bag, son and never give it to another with- under each leg. Of course, you will be home-made ginger beer. It is cooling





add half as much water, and bOil again. Ollt a doctors prescription sure that these are placed so firmly and refreshing. To one gallon of warm 2 W.

The United States Department Of Ag- Home ' Remedues.——-An emergency that there is nodanger of slipping and ‘ water, add two ounces Of ground; gin- - "





ricultu‘re is soon to publish a bulletin shelf is good, but not too many things you will also be sure that the bed is ger, one pint of molasses,



- on the making of jelly, similar to the should be kept on it. Boracic acid pow- far'enough from the [walls so that the pounds of brown sugar, and a hal

one on canning. der, camphor, alcohol, iodine, a good nurse can .work on all sides of it. of good yeast, or one-half cake of

, In the afternoon Miss Raven gave a laxative, unguentine and salt solution fl Sheets; should be long enough .to al- dissolved in lukeWarm water;

. ‘ demonstration of the canning of small for burns, rubber adhesive plaster, low for. turning .under the ends of the 32:3,?- galggfit sha higp$$l=gg

fruits and vegetables by the new cold clean old linen or cotton bandages, mattress. In placing the lower sheet, use in the field. A is





pack process. She canned string beans, wrapped in wax paper ’ and kept in bring it up high enough to turn under in
Grange.



. . g



, ' 1111111111111me

Our Motto:—-“The farmer is of more





consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved."





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





 





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.



Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.



Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sing.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.



Executive Committee—C. S. Bart~

lett, Pontiac; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit





Ridgre; J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W.

aylor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh,

Sault Ste. Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimon-

dale; Burr Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





MlCHlGAN’S TUBERCULOSIS SUR-

v1—:v.





Partly because State Grange has an

active tuberculosis committee, I was

exceedingly interested when the doc-

tors and nurses, who are making a tu-

berculosis census, came to our county

of Washtenaw; interested, also, be-

cause we so frequently hear that the

rural districts are falling behind the

cities in some health respects and I

hoped this work would reach them.

Moreover, the nurse who came on

ahead of the clinics solicited oo-opera-

tion of the Orange in reaching the peo-

ple who needed such help.



Perhaps some who read this may be

as hazy in regard to this tuberculosis

survey as I was and will be interested

to learn that the last state legislature

appropriated $100,000 for the purpose

of getting in touch with as many as

possible of the persons in the state

who have any signs of the dread great

white plague, besides setting in motion

a vast amount of educational work. A

force of doctors and nurses, every one

of whom has specialized in the study

and care of this frightful disease, is

taking this census of tuberculosis-af-

fected persons at the present time.

This brief statement shows you at once

why the Grange is deeply concerned in

the“‘clinics” which these doctors and

nurses will hold in every county in the

state. At state expense, the skill and

resources of the best hospitals are be.

ing carried right out into the veriest

nooks and crannies of the country

where nobody can be too sick or too

poor to avail himself of the chance to

consult competent authorities on the

disease. Of course, it is a work the

Grange can and will assist in. Besides

making these facts known through our

meetings and among our members, so

that any who wish an examination

may have it when the clinic comes

near, there is an opportunity to engage

one of the doctors for an address on

the subject of health, for the lecture

hour. Those who desire such a speak-

er should write the State Board of

Health, Lansing, under whose direc-

tion the census is being made.



Washtenaw was the sixteenth county

to be visited by the corps of doctors

and nurses. A few of this group of

workers came on ahead and looked up

families in which death had occurred





 

 

 





 





 





iciaiis, omcers of societies and indi-

viduals who might be expected to help;

and in general advertised and prepared

the way for the week when examina~

tions were made, findings recorded, lit-

erature distributed, and advise given

to all those who came to the points

designated for clinics. The third week

a portion of the force remained in the





county to follow up the examinations-





by calling upon the patients who were

found to be affected and by spreading

instructions on how to care for per-

sons having the disease and prevent

its contagion.



In this county nearly half the per-

sons examined showed that they did

not have tuberculosis, which must

have been a decided relief in each in

stance. One hundred and ten positive





cases were found, however, and 88

“suspicious cases.” As this county con-

state university hospitals





tains the





 





suSpicious‘ signs by the .lung test;

they were about to let him go 'when

something inclined the doctor to give

a more exact test which required that

the lad return next day. On his re-

turn, a decided reaction was apparent

which led the doctor to state to the

boy that he ought to sleep out of doors,

should not take violent exercise and

urged him to see his family’s physi-

cian. A nurse will visit his home and

talk with his parents, and literature

will be sent direct to the boy from

time to time from the office 0 fthe

State Board of Heatlh, Lansing.



A curly haired, rosk-cheeked girl

danced up to the nurse I was talking

with and asked assistance in dressing.

“No tuberculosis there!” I exclaimed

to the nurse. “Yes; her mother brought

her because a brother had died of tu-

berculosis and she proves to be slightly

affected but in a degree that can be





 





 





 





Making a Physical Examination.





which conduct free clinics the year

round, an idea may be gained of the

prevalence of the disease over the

state. From here the examining force

moved on to Tuscola and Sanilac c0un~

ties and from there plan to go to

Houghton to begin a summer’s cam-

paign in the upper peninsula.



The exhibit of photos and appliances

for detecting and fighting the disease,





overcome 110w that her mother under-

stands the case.”



These two young cases are cited to

show the hopeful side of the survey.

Detected in its early stages, tubercu-

losis can be cured. If health instruc-

tions can be sent into every home, in

a few years its progress will be stayed.

Pure air, proper food, and rest—these

three are the handmaids of science in





 





Nurse Taking Temperature and Getting History of Case.

in connection with the clinics, instructs

through the eye, while every nurse is

readygto give verbal information to all





who come. The presence of many ap-

plicants for examination suggests stor-

ies of dread and anixety and, in a few

advanced cases, of positive suffering.

I was told of a boy of 14 who came to





fighting tuberculosis, but the greatest

of these, said a nurse to me, is rest.

When I left the tuberculosis clinic,

it was with a sense of gratitude that

the Grange can have a part in this

state-Wide war against the arch bodily

enemy of many a country home.

JENNIE BUL‘LL.





the clinic and inf whom were found no





Testing the, Lung; 'of a Patient.





Wmmmlslmummmmmumllumummmumnnmg





llll lllllllllllllllllll

lllllllllllllllllllll





Farmers’ Clubs





Elllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllllHE





Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





 





RALLY.





Clubs of Central Michigan and all

others interested. Date, Wednesday,

August 16, 1916. Place, Michigan Ag-

ricultural College—W. L. Cheney, Sec-

retary, Mason, Mich.





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





A Picnic Meeting—The Salem Farm-

ers’ Club held its Fourth of July picnic

at the pleasant and commodious home

and lawn of Mr. and Mrs. Claude

Bailey. A large number gathered and

enjoyed the social hour, the games on

the lawn, the bountiful dinner, and es-

pecially the ice cream. The program

was patriotic and inspiring. Music in

the open air was furnished by singing

by the Club, and an orchestra, consist-

ing of a piano and two violins played

by Mr. Willard Starks, of Northville,

and his two sons. A paper was read

by Mrs. Irving Johnson on “The Im-

portance of the Farmers’ Club in the

community.” Bringing out the educa-

tional, social and moral value of the

Club, saying it is especially adapted to

the development of our young people,

and helps to solve the problem, “HOW

to keep the b0_V on the 1arm.’- It is

taking advanc<d grounds in all lines,

and stands 101 statewide prohibition

and women suffrage. The Club, well

organized and efficient ,is a great pow-

01 101 good in any community. Very

enjoyable recitalions weie giVen by

Reva Dean,l)01'0th_V Bailey and others,

and a sweet little song was sung by

Doris Starks, accompanied on the pi-

ano by her father. A vote of thanks



was given to Mr. and Mrs. Bailey for

their co1dial entertainment. Also to

the musicians for their delightful mu-

sic. Adjourned with music. —Reporter.



The Auto vs. the Telephone. ———Clover

Leaf Club met in June with Mr. and

Mrs. Bert Dugan. The meeting was

called to order and opened in the usual

manner. Several songs we1e sung by

the Club and Mrs. Frank Barke1 gave

a recitation. The feature of the even-

ing was a debate. Subject “Resolved,

that the automobile is of more use on

the farm than the telephone.’ The

men handled the affirmative while the

ladies had the negative. After the re-

buttal and the judges gave their de-

cision each side was found to have

five points, so there was small chance

for hard feelings and the discussion

was one to cause merriment as well as

being interesting. Refreshments of

strawberries, cream and cake were

serVed, after which the young folks

played games. The1e were present 78

and all enjoyed a good time. The July

meeting will be with Mr. and Mrs. Ford

Myers and an invitation is extended to

all members.



A Good Summer Attendance—C. A.

Fish took charge of the EllingtonvAl-

mer li‘armers’ Club on July 13, which

was held at the beautiful farm home

of Mr. and M1s. A. ’1‘. White. There

were 80 membe1s and guests present,

who enjoyed a program wrich included

a reading by Mrs Frank Allard, a song

by Dora and Ruth Richardson, and a

recitation by Mrs Etta Turner “The

Same Old Things.” Rev. S. C. atha‘

way read an original poem, “The Four

Ages, ” and remarks were made by

Mr. L. G. Seeley, Rev. M. Sweet and

H. P. Bush.
M a rkc ts .

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllIII|IIIIIllII||llllIllIlllIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

GRAINS AN D SEEDS.





July 25, 1916.





 

 

 

 





 





 





tOI'S.





fect weather.





erable anxiety over future





000 bushels a year ago.





per bushel.

tations were:





$1.19 112; Dec. $1.23.





course of the trade.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





78%c; Dec. 67%c.





a week ago.





and corn. The demand





of 2,163,000 bushels.





were:

No. 3



Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 45 44

Thursday ........... 45 1%,; 44 1A,

Friday .............. 45 1%; 44 1/2

Saturday ........... 46 45

Monday ............. 45 1/2 44 1/2

Tuesday ............ 45 1A2 44 1/2





Chicago—July oats 415/80 per bu;

Sept. 41%c; Dec. 431/8c.



Rye.-—Cash No. 2 rye is lc below

last week’s quotation, it now being

95c per bushel. Market is active and

easy.



Beans.—There is practically nothing

doing in the bean trade, owing to lack

of supply and high prices. Immediate

and prompt shipment are quoted at

$5.50 on the Detroit market. The Chi«

cage market is inactive and prices rule

very high. Michigan hand-picked pea

beans are quoted at $6.50@7; common

to good quality $5@7; red kidneys $6

@6.10.



Seeds.——Prime red clover $8.95; do.

alsike $9.50; prime timothy $3.20; do.

alfalfa $10@11.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.——Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $5.90; seconds $5.70; straight

$5.50; spring patent $5.20; rye flour $6.



Feed—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing’lots

are: Bran $24; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$32; corn and oat chop $29 per ton.



Hay.——No. 1 timothy, $18.50@19;

standard timothy $17.50@18; light

mixed $17.50@18; No. 2 timothy $14@

15; No. 1 mixed $12@13; No. 1 clover

$10@11.



Straw.——Rye straw $7.50@8; wheat



' and oat straw $6.50@7 per ton in car

» lots, Detroit.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





1* Butter.~—Market is steady and with-

1' out change. Extra creamery 271,40;

' firsts 26%c; dairy 23c; packing stock





3310:1181" lb. -





 

 





 





   





 

 

 





 





Wheat.—VVheat values experienced



a sharp advance during the past week.

Crop conditions in the spring wheat

.states and an active foreign demand

for both cash and future sales appear

to be the prominent price—making fac-

Considerable permanent damage

has been done by the black rust that



, cannot be remedied by the most per-

The great stimulus to

the trading on Saturday and Monday

was due to foreign buying and reports

that the United Kingdom has consid-

supplies.

Throughout Europe crops are suffering

on account of the scarcity of labor.

Primary receipts last week were 2,-

533,000 bushels, compared with 1,837,-

Exports of

wheat and flour were 722,000 bushels.

One year ago No. 2 red wheat was

quoted on the Detroit market at $1.14

Last week’s Detroit quo-





Corn.—This cereal has developed

strength with the advance in wheat.

In some districts rain will soon be re-

quired to enable the plant to continue

its recent rapid growth. The demand

is fair, with dealers in a somewhat un-

settled mood as to the probable future

One year ago No.

3 corn was quoted locally at 82c per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





Oats.——-Prices rule about steady with

A general improvement

in the outlook for this crop has over-

come the bullish influence of wheat

is normal

while the visible supply for the United

States shows a decrease for the week

One year ago

Standard oats were quoted at 590 per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





~ '8‘



' mac (3 _Quaility of

decreasing. Price

on sales, is 2734c. . , ;



Chicago.—-The trade is good and the

market active. Some receipts are af-

fected by the weather.’0fferings are

decreasing in quantity. Extra cream-

ery 271/2c; extra firsts 26%@27c; firsts

25%@261A;c; packing stock 22@221,§c.



Eggs.—-The best candled eggs are

firm; other grades steady. Prices are

unchanged. Current receipts are quot-

ed at 2194c; firsts 24c.



Chicago—Strictly fresh stock hold-

ing firm but the poorer grades are dull.

Eggs should be candled to get the top

prices. Firsts 22@221/2c; ordinary

firsts 21@211Agc; miscellaneous lots,

cases included 16@221/2c per dozen.



Poultry.~—Offerings were light and

market firm but quiet. Fowls are

slightly higher. Fowls 17@181/zc per

lb; broilers 24@27c; ducks 17@19c;

geese 12@13c.



Chicago—The market is active. The

prices for young geese and broilers

are lower. Many dead chickens are

found in crowded shipments. Hens

17c; roosters 130; spring chickens, 2

lbs. and over, 23@231,éc; 1@11/2 1bs.,

20c; spring ducks, over 2 lbs., 15c; spg

geese 14@15c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





s in“





 





 





N0. 2 NO. 1



Red. Whlte- Sept. Cherries.——Sour cherries are quoted

,Wednesday ----- 117% 1-141/4 119% at $3 per bushel on the local market.

Thursday . - -1-201/2. 1171/4 1.22% At Chicago the receipts are light and

Friday ----1-201/2 117%. 122% market is firm for good stock. Rich-

Saturday ------- 123% 12034 1261/2 monds are quoted at $1.15@1.25;

Monday -------- 1.27 1-24 1-29 Montmorencies $1.40@1.50; Windsors



Tuesday ........1.251/2 1.221/2 1.271/2 $1_25@1,75 per 16-qt, case.

Chicago—July wheat $118; Sept, Small Fruits.-—Gooseberries $1@1.15





per 16-qt. case; black raspberries $2@

2.15 per 16-qt. case; red raspberries $5

@550 per bu; red currants $2.75@3

per bu; blackberries $4.25@4.50 per

bushel.



Chicago—Gooseberries 500@$1.25 a

16-qt. case; dewberries $1.25@1.40 per

16-qt. case; black raspberries $1.25@

1.50; reds $1@1.25 per 24—pt. case;

red currants 500@$1.25.





 





 





were: WOOL AND HIDES.

No. 3 No. 3 ‘

Mixed. _Y€110W- Fleece wools are in active demand

Wednesday --------- 82 831/2 at the present time, and prices are firm

Thursday ----------- 82 831/2 to higher.“ Manufacturers are buying

Friday -------------- 321/2 84 only for immediate needs, notwith-

Saturday ------------ 831/2 85 standing the universal belief that they

Monday ............ 84 851/; shall be obliged to pay more for wools

Tuesday - - - - . ~ . - ~ 831/2 85 later on. Michigan quarter a (1 three-

ChiCflgO-—JUI.V corn 83140; Sept. eighths blood unwashed com ing sold





in Boston recently at 420, while un-

washed delaines brought 35c. It is in-

teresting to note that the average

weight of fleeces in the United States

this year is the heaviest ever recorded,

being 6.92 lbs. per fleece.



HideSL—No. 1 cured 181/2c; N0. 1

green 15c; No. 1 cured bulls 130; No.

'1 green bulls 100; No. 1 cured veal kip

200; No. 1 green veal kip 180; No. 1

cured murrain 180; No. 1 green mur-

rain 16c; No. 1 cured calf 28c; No. 1

green calf 250; No.1 horsehides $6;

No. 2 horsehides $5; No. 2 hides 10

and No. 2 kip and calf 1%0 lower than

the above; sheepskins, as to amount of

wool 500@$2.50.





GRAND RAPIDS. ‘





 





Eggs have advanced lc, to 230 per

dozen, because of light receipts. Dairy

butter is bringing 25c. The hot, dry

weather is bringing forward the rasp—

berries with a rush and with prospects

of a short season. Reds are worth

around $2 and blacks $1.60 a crate.

Gooseberries are being quoted at 75c;

currants 80@9OC; huckleberries $2.50.

Potatoes are selling at $1 a bushel.

Wheat is quoted at $1.09 here, while

Middleville is quoting at $1.13; hay

brings $10@12 on the city market.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





A considerable volume of farm pro-

duce was offered on the Eastern Mar-

ket Tuesday morning, and most of the

farmers were able to sell out their

loads at an early hour. Greenhouse

tomatoes were selling at $1.75@2 per

14-lb. basket, and field tomatoes at $3

@350 per half-bushel basket; cabbage

$1@1.25; corn $2 per ten dozen bag:

currants $3 per bushel; lettuce 55@

700 per bu; eggs 32@35c. There is

very little loose hay offered at present,





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.



' July 24, 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York,Central Stock Yards,

Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here today as follows: Cat~

tle 155 cars; hogs 60 d. d.; sheep 15 d.

d.; calves 1200 head.





 





With 155 cars of cattle t'oday, trade





was in a demoralized condition and

the bulk of the cattle sold 25@40c

lower, with several loads left over un-

sold. It looks like there are plenty of





good grass cattle to-come and if this 5 ‘





“cat v ‘





 





for the week, based "





 





. hot’weather keeps up we‘ have got to T





."vWe h yer, . .

day, demand 'g' d, . it ,Vprice, gener-

ally 100. higher than Saturday's close,

best grades selling at $10.45; ordinary,

kinds

lights $10,@10.10; best roughs $9;

stags $6.50@7.50. About everything

sold at the close, and while our prices

look high compared with other points,

with light receipts market ought to

continue quite good.



Sheep receipts were rather light

again today and prices were about the

same as the close of last week. Pros-

pects about steady.



We quote: Best spring lambs $10.50

@1075; cull to common lambs $9@10;

yearlings $7.75@9; bucks $5.50@6;

ewes $6.75@7.50; cull sheep $3.50@6;

wethers $7.75@8; top veals $12.50@

12.75; heavy $9.50@11; common and

light $10.50@12; grassers $5.50@7.50.





 





Chicago.



July 24, 1916.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..12,000 27,000 9,000

Same day 1915. .15,371 32,996 15,247

Last week ...... 46,008 117,924 59,433

Same wk 1915..35,710 130,602 48,538



Shipments of hogs from here last

week amounted to 12,096 head," Compar-

ing with 7,941 a week earlier and 23,-

692 a year ago. Hogs received aver-

aged 231 lbs.



Hogs were 5@100 higher today, with

sales at $9.10@10.10, the demand being

active. Choice cattle were firmer, but

otherwise steers sold slowly, early buy-

ing being mainly confined to fat butch-

er stock. Prime lambs sold at $10.40,

a gain of 150.



Cattle were marketed last week with

extraordinary liberality, whereas it

was a time when, because of the ter—

rific heat and the unusually poor de-

mand for beef throughout the country,

supplies should have been cut down to

meager proportions. The inevitable re-

sult of such a condition was the worst

kind of a market imaginable, with a

break on Monday of 15@25c on re-

ceipts of 21,912 head, while a Wednes-

day run of 15,049 head was responsible

for another bad break. Other days

were characterized by dullness and

weakness in prices, with the bulk of

the week’s sales of steers at a range of

$8@10 and the best class of steers tak-

en at $10@10.90. Good steers were

purchased as low as $9.50, with a medi-

um class taken at $9.10@9.45, fair light

killers at $7.50@9 and inferior light

weight grass steers at $6.25@7.45.

Good to prime yearling steers were

taken at $9.50@10.50, with an early

week top sale at $10.75. Butcher cat-

tle were purchased more freely than

steers, with cows taken at $5.60@8.25

and heifers at $5.25@9.50, although on-

ly a limited number of prime yearling

heifers sold above $8.50. Cutters

brought $5.50 down to $4.75, while can—

ners sold at $3.50@4.70 and bulls at $5

@8. There was scarcely any demand

for stockers or feeders, although furth-

er sharp declines in prices made many

of them look like rare bargains. They

were salable all the way from $5.25@

7.75, a few prime lots going on the

basis of $‘8@8.50. There was a good

demand for light weight veal calves at





 





 





ill .41.. rm. 2.; m





The 1’ is the oldest tractor on

the market. Years of hard service has developed

every detail and it is entirel out of the experi-

mental stage. It is a Rea Tractor and will

stand years of hard work.





If you buy a it will last you

along time. You won’t have to buy a new machine





every spring.

No Chains





The 11‘4"“3“\*"""")"7‘~“’“' has positive Steel

Gears that are guaranteed not to break for

five years, you won't have to bother with

troublesome chains that have proven a. failure

in all self-propelled machines.





A Four Wheel Tractor





The 5.._..-._.1i/.s‘g.»(lr1,/7H1}... has four wheels, two

Wide rear wheels for drivers which provides

an abundance of traction and won’t mire insandy

places or on soft round in the spring of the

year but will go w nere horses can be driven

practically. This construction has become a.

standard with manufacturers who have had

long experience in building self~propelled ma-

chines, therefore, we could not ask our customers

to accept a. machine that is experimental.





All Steel





The is light in weight

which is accomplished by the use of steel in its

construction. however, we have not gone to the





 





   





8.. How It I‘m-no

8 nor. corner.





 





 





   

   

 





 

 





   





from $10.25@10.40; pigs . and





Bares .11 5:22.19; 1.21;. toil





   

   

 





is ‘50 ' ..‘ In“ L V :

.be-out} of place to Warn. feed

against hurrying their cattle vtb mar

prematurely, and it is also in order ,





 





 





adViSB buying these bargains in stockii'l, ‘





ers of good breeding. Most steers

show a decline of 75c for the week the

market closing 50c@$1 lower. Declines

included pretty much everything in the

cattle line, including females and stock

cattle. At the close. top steers were





quoted at $10.50 and best yearlings at '





$10, with best stockers worth about $8.



Hogs were marketed very moderate-

ly last week, and prices developed a.

good deal of firmness, with supplies

much smaller than either a week ear-

her or a year ago. Sales were made

very close to the best prices paid this

year, With a widening range of prices,

because of the increased percentage of

inferior grassy sows. The weather

throuhgout the country has been un-

usually hot, and owners of hogs were

not generally disposed to make ship-

ments at a time when dead hogs in

transit were likely to be numerous.

Selected droves of the best butcher

hogs sold higher at times when droves

of “packers” sold 15@25c lower than a.

week earlier. Because the big, heavy

hogs were largely held back for fear

of their dying in transit, the recent re-

ceipts of hogs averaged only 228 lbs.,

comparing with 233 lbs. a week ear-

lier, 236 lbs. a year ago, 246 lbs. two





years ago and 243 lbs. three years ago. '





Pigs carrying much weight formed but

a small part of the offerings and sold

especially high. With greatly reduced

receipts last week, the best lots of

hogs sold up to $10.20, but a reaction

left prices at the close at $v8.90@10,

comparing with $9.20@10.05 a week

STEM”, while pigs closed at $7.25@



Lambs made up most of the offer-

ings shown in the sheep division of the

stock yards last week, natives and

range flocks being fairly numerous for

these times, while some fair shipments

of Montana range wethers were re-

ceived. Idaho furnished the larger share

of the lambs, with some shipments

from Oregon and Washington. Idaho

feeding lambs sold up to $9.65 per 100

lbs., another high record, offerings be-

ing scarce. Despite greatly reduced

lamb receipts, most fat lots closed 500

lower, while sheep were scarce and

steady, but yearlings declined 15@25c.

Lambs closed at $7.75@10.25; feeding





lambs at $9.35@9.65; yearlings at $7@ '





9.75; wethers at $5.25@8.25; ewes at

$3.50@7.75; breeding ewes at $7@9.75,

and bucks at $4.50@6. ,

Horses were in fairly large supply

last week and in the usual good de-

mand for supplying the European arm-

ies, prices for such offerings being

firm. Otherwise, trade showed hot

weather dullness, prices being main-

tained only because the receipts were

not heavy. British inspectors bought

riders at $165 and artillery horses at

$185@200, while the French inspectors

paid $160 for artillery horses. Drivers

went at $75@200, drafters at $175@

285, light delivery wagon horses at

$150@170, expressers at $160@200 and

farm chunks at $160@175. Branded



bronchos sold at $25@100.

I





   





 





extreme and sacrificed strength and rigidity that

we might produce a machine that is extremely

light. Our engine is slow speed and will last a





longtime.

Oil For Fuel

The Oil Carburetor usedin the





, is manufactured in our own

factory and is of special design. It can be found

only on our engines and is the product of 20

years actual experience in the manufacture

of gas engines. It is fully developed and will

operate equallyas well on kerosene as gasoline

under all speeds and all leads, It won’t bother

with carbon or tar. You won’t have to change

from kerosene to gasoline when the engine is

running empty or_under part load. Think of

the immense savnng with this cheap fuel.





Solid Facts





The , is directly connected

to the plow carriage and on can back the

plows into the corners of t e fence and plow

all of the field. The plows operate independ-

ently and will do good work in stony and ran h

ground. One man can operate the entire on t.





The has two speeds for--

ward and will draw heavy loads up steep hills.

Our cab is appreciated by hundreds of our cus-

tomers. We are not assemblers, we build our

entire outfit in our own factory.



2 sizes : 16 and 30 H. 1’. Send for catalog.
‘ $6. 50;

$10. 75, 30 do av 725 at $10. 50, 18 year-

z'lings av 85 at $8.2





The first edition is sent to those who





have not expressed a desire for the





latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

une.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday’s Market.

July 20, 1916.

Cattle.



Receipts 2210. Good service by all

local roads brought practically all the

live stock in early this week and was

the means of saving the shippers ser-

ious losses, especially so in hogs,

which die very quick in this excessive-

ly warm weather.



The run of cattle was large and prac-

tically all the receipts were grassers,

many of them being of the common or-

der. A few good dry-fed steers would

bring steady prices but grassers were

decidedly dull and 50@75c lower than

last week on everything but canners.

At the close of the Wednesday market

a large number had to be held over as

they could not be sold, even at the de-

cline; Thursday trade dull and draggy

at the decline. A few went back to the

farm for feeding purposes and were

bought cheap. The close was very dull

at the decline as follows, with a large

number unsold: Best heavy steers $8

@850; best handy weight butcher

steers $7.50@7.75; mixed steers and

heifers $6.75@7.50; handy light butch-

ers $6.25@7; light butchers $5.50@

$6.50; best cows $6.25@6.50; butcher

cows $5@6; common cows $4.50@5;

canners $3.25@4.25; best heavy bulls

$6@6.50; bologna bulls $5@6.25; stock

bulls $4.75@5; feeders $6.50@7.50;

.stockers $5.50@7; milkers and spring-

ers $40@65.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle P. Co.

2 heifers av 805 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 700

at $6.50, 1 bull wgh 730 at $5.25, 1 do

wgh 520 at $5.25, 6 butchers av 713 at

$5.25 18 do av 804 at $7. 25, 1 heifer

Wgh 640 at $6; to Breitenbeck 17

stockers av 866 at $7.45; to Bray &

B. 2 cows av 770 at $4, 6 do av 1030

at $6, 2 do av 750 at $5; to Davenport

2 steers, av 700 at $6, 1 bull wgh 550

at. $5; to Hammond, S. & C0. 4 cows

av 900 at $4.35, 2 bulls av 820 at $5.50,

1 do wgh 640 at $5, 3 cows av 1000 at

$4.40, 2 do av 870 at $6, 4 do av 905

at $4.35, 3 do av 1000 at $4.40; to





, Parker, W. & Co. 18 steers av 880 at





$8, 3 bulls av 1320 at $6; to Sullivan

P; Co. 2 cows av 1090 at $5, 3 do av

833 at $6, 6 do av 963 at $5.50, 1 bull

wgh 1330 at $6.25; to Mich. B. Co. 9

steers av 1111 at $8.50, 1 co‘w wgh

1270 at $6.50; to Davenport 24 stock-

ers av 523 at $5.50, 4 do av 560 at $5.50,

11 do av 460 at $5.50; to Bray & B. 3

cows av 1133 at $5.25; to Sullivan P.

Co. 6 do av 980 at $6; to Thompson 11

butchers av 890 at $6.60, 8 steers av

1047 at $8.50, 6 do av 681 at $6.60; to

Rhinehart 15 do av 828 at $8.35.



Haley & M. sold Bray & B. 1 bull

wgh 970 at $5.25, 6 cows av 1008 at $5,

9 do av 1128 at $6, 21 do av 948 at $6,

5 do av 920 at $4.50, 3 do av 1113 at

$5.50; to Kull 3 butchers av 996 at

$5.65; to Walker 2 do av 710 at $5.50,

2 do av 600 at $5.50; -to Breitenbeck 15

do av 655 at $6.25, 16 do av 806 at

$6.15; to Stephenson 3 stockers av 693

at $6.50; to Resnick 6 butchers av 666

at $5.60 6 do av 776 at $6.25; to Nagle

P. Co. 16 do av 972 at $7.35; to Sullivan

P. Co. 8 cows av 1020 at $5.85.



Keerer sold Greene 14 stockers av

707 at $6.50, 13 cows av 863 at $5.





Veal Calves.



Receipts 790. .The veal calf trade

was steady with Wednesday, with all

grades 500 lower than at the opening

early in the week, tops bringing $12@

12.50 and medium and common grades

$8@11.



Erwin & S. sold Newton B. Co.

wgh 200 at $10, 6 av 140 at $12. 50, 15

av 175 at $12. 50.



Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co.

6 av. 145 at $12-50, 9 av 170 at $12.50,

6 av 200 at $12.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 1301. The sheep and lamb

trade was dull and draggy and fully

50c lower than last week or early this

week. Sheep and common heavy and

thin stuff very dull and not wanted.

Best lambs $10.25@10.50; fair lambs

$9.50@10; light to common lambs $8

@9; 'fair to good sheep $5.50@6; culls





' and common $3@4.





Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Sullivan P.

Go. 5 sheep av 118 at $6; to Nagle P.

Co. 31 do av 110 at $6,15 lambs av

70 at $10. 75; to Parker W. & Co. 45

do av 62 at $11, 8 sheep av 110 at

to Young 11 lambs av 75 at





H059 s.



' Receipts 4025. The run of hogs was



light and the market on everything but



figs active and about 50 higher than

Wednesday. Pigs were a trifle off,



8925. markers and heavy





 





Hogs have been selling on the Chi-

cago market of late at close to the

highest prices of the present year,

with moderate receipts in some weeks,

while all the hogs were needed for con-

verting into fresh and cured meats

and lard. The domestic consumption

of hog products is extremely large, and

the export movement has far exceeded

anything ever known in past years.

Hogs sell so high that there is not

much inducement for marketing pigs,

and not many are seen in the markets

of the country. Hogs have been gain-

ing in weight pretty steadily for a long

time, and recent receipts in the Chica-

go market were the heaviest in aver-

age weight seen at any time since Sep-

tember. The late average was 233 lbs,

comparing with 221 lbs. on month ear-I

lier, 238 lbs. a year ago, 240 lbs. two

years ago and 242 lbs. three years ago.

The provision market has moved up

with the rise in hog values, and within

a. short time pork has sold around $10___

per barrel higher than a year ago, with

similar advances shown in lard andI:

short ribs. Eastern shippers continue

limited buyers of hogs in the Chicago

market, as they are kept pretty wellI

supplied from their home territory,

but fair numbers of the choicest swine I

are taken, prime weighty barrows g -I

ing at the highest prices and primeI:

light hogs at a discount of about 150.





A prominent live stock commission

firm located in the Chicago stock yards

with branch houses at other important

markets, is sending out a letter of ad-

vice to its country patrons, advising

them to market their cattle just as

fast as they are ready to go. This firm

has been giving the same advice for

the past two months, and the custom-

ers who have followed the advice have

profited materially. Although prices

have had severe declines of late for all

kinds, they are still attractive, being

much higher than in most past sum-

mers. Late reports do not indicate

any over- supply of choice corn- -fed

steers, but them are lots of grass- -fed

cattle, particularly in southwestern

pastures, and they are now moving to

market liberally, especially at Kansas

City and other Missouri river markets.

Late advices are that Kansas grass

cattle are from 30 to 40 days earlier

than usual, but northwestern range cat-

tle are from 10 days to two weeks

later than usual. While the market

will undoubtedly rule still lower for

grass cattle and short-fed lots, ‘where

a man has a good class of yearling or

two-year-old steers that need 30 to 90

days for finishing them for the mar-

ket, they should be kept back for that

period. Of late the severely hot weath-

er has materially lessened the con—

sumption of beef everywhere, and it

was unfortunate that at such a time

the receipts of cattle should be larger

than usual. On a recent hot Monday

21,912 cattle arrived on the Chicago

market; causing a bad break in prices,

and by Tuesday afternoon prices were

from 25@35c lower than at the close

of the previous week. Inferior little

grass-fed steers have sold as low as

$6.75 per 100 lbs., with everything un-

der the head of cattle away off in val-

ue, and many lots of steers have been

selling to $1.25 per 100 lbs. below the

highest time in June. Grassers and

short-feds have sold off the most, as

they comprised the bulk of the offer-

ings, but even the choicest beeves have

sold below the $11 mark, the top price

paid this year being $11.50. Stock cat-

tle have joined in the downward move-

ment, country buyers having held off,

and they are offered at the lowest fig—

ures of the year, with declines of $1.25

from the highest time during June.

Fair light stock steers have been sell-

ing around $7.25, with choice lots sell-

ing up to $8. It was a bargain counter,

with buyers scarce. The year has been

one of great fluctuations in cattle val-

ues, with the best beeves selling in

January for $9@9.50. The best demand

is for fat medium-priced steers and

good cows and heifers of the butcher





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





   

     

 





IIII





Study Veterinary lVIedic-ine.





III "III III





the livestock industry.





IIIIIII III





III





IIIIIIIIIIIII





Three fully equipped labo-

ratories,



A Veterinary hospital,



‘ Exceptional clinical facil-

ities,



A faculty of 12 members,





III III IIIIII





 





 





 





 





III





 





II III





 





Board of Trustees.





months each

while at college.





Have organized foot-ball team.

Athletic Association.





DR. H. L. SCHUH,

Dean of Faculty





A SPLENDlD OPPORTUNITY

FOR YOUNG MEN





Have a profession of your own, be independent.



It is one profession that is not crowded.



Its future looks brighter than ever before.



No one doubts the future of our great Livestock Industry.

The prosperity of the Veterinarian goes hand in hand with





The U. S. Government needs Veterinarians as Meat In-

spectors, Scrum Inspectors, etc.



; Become a qualified Veterinarian and a good opening is



practically waiting for you.





The Grand Rapids Veterinary College





offers every opportunity for studying Veterinary Science.





Organized and operated under state law.





A Four Years’ Course of Six Months Each Year





School year opens in September, ends in April. .

ear to earn money to pay expenses. ——=

Grand Rapids o'fers remarkable opportunity to earn money





Entrance qualifications one year of high school or its equivalent.

We have 135 students; we want 250





Lecture Course.



Four years at Grand Rapids Veterinary College will give you

an efficient knowledge of Veteiinary Medicine.



Write for catalogue and mformation.





Grand Rapids Veterinary College,





156 Louis St., Grand Rapids, Michigan,





VIIII' IIII IIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII II II IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIII III IIIIIIVTE





I,





IIIII IIIIIInI IIII





IIIIII I...





I





   

 

 

 

 

 





II





Three good lecture rooms,



A large dissecting room,



1,800 free clinics in one

year,



500 alumni who are all mak-

ing good.



Governed by





Nearly six





COLON C. LILLIE,

Pres. Board of Trustees





 





Vetch Separator





The machine that

will positively sep-

arate vetch from

wheat, rye or cats

successfully.





Send for Circular





 





The





Sinclair-Scott Co.

Baltimore, Md.





RUFUS ll. HOLMES 60.





um- um Rlopelle Ste. Detroit. Mich.





Commission Merchants





Li\e or Dressed Dressed Hogs, CalveSv

Reference. Peninsular Savings





 





 





Poultry

Sheep and F. ggs.





Bank, Sullix an Pat king Co. Shipments Solicited.





Satisfaction 1; naranteed.





T BIGHI‘ ST KARKET PRICE

F UI Quick Returns. Write for

sciatic“. Ship Dlrect toh. L.

_—____ CHMOND CO. Detroit.





 





 





class. Beef is an extremely dear arti-

cle, and butchers are desirous of ob-

taining cuts of beef which can be re

tailed at a moderate price.





Lambs make up most of the receipts

in the Chicago market, and so few

yearlings, wethers and ewes are mar-

keted that they sell usually at firm

prices when lambs are undergoing big





Quotation foreggs,

us for information.





1 - Ship To The Old Reliable House

HAY Daniel McCaffrey’ a Son: COP"

623-615 Wall-ah Bids“ Pimhtzh Pa.





 





 





We are now 1115: from two to four cents

Famrs: my





above the hig st ()flidal Detroit Market

shipped to 11s by express Write

It all] pay you. AMERICAN





BUTTER. & CHE ‘ESE C0.. Detroit. Mich





 





declines. From now on the Chicago

market will depend mostly on range

lambs from Idaho and other states, as

native lambs and southern lambs are

largely out of the way. The Chicago

big packing plants have been pursuing





CORN]-





Testlmonals and relating FREE showing

Harvester. Process MIC-CO-





Harv estei (111.9 and throws 1n plle on

harvestcl 01 “indrows. Man and

horse cuts and shocks equal to a

Corn Binder. Sold in every state.

coon] y $22.“) with fodder binder

icture of

Dept. 229.8 Inn.Knn.





 





large numbers of southern lambs from

their usual practice of bringing direct

Louisville, and this worked strongly in

holding down prices on the open mar-

ket. The shipments of range lambs

are usually sent in long trains of cars,





THE ROSE AUTO FULLER





‘Wlll pull your ear out or the mud hole

lelimp ply by ME I! crank. Wt!





EE.

BROS. 3083810“. NEBRASKA.





 





and a short time ago a sale was made

on the Chicago market of 2485 head of

mm duholambaa . . , .





 





 





FOR SALE:

WW?§3§P‘ Alinearly flfim' -1i_





llll. P. I“ Be

mtor. 1136315111.?





 





 





BEST FOR THE READER

rnsnnroan





BEST FOR THE ADVERTISER





Michigan Farmer,



notion ,cll h.

(Rate 400 per line. ) Guaranteed Rate Per

Circulation Agate Line





 





 





Ohio Farmer,

Cleveland. 0111., 270.000 81-17

(Rate 60¢ per line. )

Ponnsmanla Farmer

Plundelphll.h

ate 30¢ per line.)

Indiana "mar, 57,101 .25

Indian apolls, [116.

The Progressive

Farmer 174,121 .80

limit-(hul—

Dallas—Mom plus.

Breeder’s Gazette, 90, 000 .60

Chlmam.

Prairie lunar 100,000 .50

Chicago.

Hoard’s Dairyman. 67,820 .40

n. Atkinson. In.

Wisconsin agri-

culturist, 63,454 .30

Racine, Wis.

The Farmer, 140,855 .60

St. Paul, Minn.

The Farmer’s Wife 750,000 3.00

St Paul. Illnn.

Wallace’s Farmer, 80,000 .40

Du lollies, In.

Kansas Farmer, 61,253 .30

Topeka. Kan.

Pacific Rural Press 22, 000 I .16

San Francisco, cu.

1 ,876, 604 $8 48





These pulilitations are conceded to be the

authoritatim farm papers of their individual

fields. For further information address





W t OBQRGE Y. ”HERBERT. Inc.

as urn epresen e vs, Ad rt

CHICAGO, IL? fling Bldg





WALLACE C. RICHARDSON. Inc.

Eastern Refesentathmasl Fourth Ave.

WYORK CITY.





 





 





 





 





 





lam mm: Pas-norm m gm'
or may at... death , . , ,

ing of Michigan’s peach 'crop





consisted largely in stampinga .





number on the basket and sending it

to a Chicago commission merchant on

South Water Street. Sometimes the

returns were good and other times they

were not, occasionally a high price on

a. small shipment would lead to future

consignments and then the price re-

ceived for the larger quantity of fruit

would scarcely pay for the basket and

the cost of harvesting. The growers

complained and it was the popular

thing to blame the commission man

for dishonesty but continue to send

him the total output of the orchard

and live on hope. It is an unfortunate

feature of peach marketing but when

we have a crop our neighbors are like-

wise blessed and when the neighbor’s

crop fails our trees will fail to bear. It

is hardly right to expect commission

men to do as well in handling a large

crop as they might with a small one

and the growers who have turned all

of their fruit to the Chicago market in

seasons of plenty have been unreason-

able in many instances. Paying the

other fellow to take the responsibility

of marketing will not always insure

profitable prices.

The Peach Marketing Problem.



The past few years have not been

profitable years for marketing peaches

and this has resulted in a more intense

study of marketing problems. Local

co—operative associations are springing

up over the state and while they have

not solved the problem as yet they

have approached a solution and their

work has only started. The ultimate

consumer likes the peach and appreci—

ates the fact that it‘is one of nature’s

finest fruits. He sometimes forgets

that it is a very perishable product and

does not consider peaches as a neces-

sity. However, some fruit is a neces-

sity on the home table during the en~

tire year and a broader education in

the value of the canned peach might

reduce the present loss in marketing

this valuable fruit. Last year we pur—

chased fine Michigan.peaches for $1.00

per bushel and could have found no

better investment for the table during

the past winter. The grower made lit-

tle money at $1.00 per bushel, in’fact,

he hardly came out even. However,

those same peaches at $2.00 per bushel

would have been a good investment

for our table» and then the grower

would have made a respectable profit.



We hear a great deal concerning

the orange grower’s association of Cale

ifornia and often wonder what they

are doing. We read their advertising

regarding the merits of oranges and

wonder why it is necessary to give as

good fruit as the orange any publicity.

Then we go into the smallest grocery

in the village near our farm and we

find oranges for sale and they are good

oranges. Recently lemons have been

given publicity in the same manner.

It is a rare local dealer who is not

stocked up with lemons. People are

being educated to use lemons and or-

anges to a greater extent than ever be-

fore and this fact coupled with an effi-

cient system of distribution is placing

the orange and the lemon in every

store in easy reach of the pocketbook

of the average man. Peaches have nev-

er received any publicity worth men-

tioning except in the spring when the

newspapers kill off the crop half a do-

en times after which the city buyer be-

gins to think that peaches will be very

scarce, and so high it will be just as

well to figure on canning something

else.



Finding a Market.



In a recent letter from a grower he

stated that his crop would be one-

third larger this year than one year

ago. .Last year he worked night and

day during the peach season and man-

aged to ship in carlots by combining

with two other growers possessing fair

sied orchards. This year with a larger

crop he will be facinga hard proposi-





look over the bushel baskets, kick on

the price a little bit and may be order

a bag of fruit to eat on the way home.

The same buyer equipped with a

knowledge of peach Values in main-

taining health during the winter would

order three bushels and never consider

a summer’s work ended until the

shelves contained many quarts of this

fine fruit to last until the next peach

harvest. When will the growers de-

vise some method of telling the people

that peaches are not in the same class

as potatoes but nearly as valuable in

their place?



After the peach business has receiv-

ed the right kind of publicity a proper

method of distribution must follow. In

Michigan where the peach ranks as an

important crop there will be an abund—

ance of high quality fruit for sale in

our cities but in many small towns the

market will be neglected by the grow-

ers. In Detroit the market may be

glutted with peaches due to the fact

that all growers may look toward De-

troit at the same time. In Chicago

the condition will be much worse be-

cause it is the main outlet of many

states. Reshipping peaches is not de-

sirable if the best interests of the ulti-

mate consumer are considered. It





. Kim





 





seems strange that in some years if we

wish the best of peaches we must go

to a dealer in a city like Lansing and

purchase peaches which have been

shipped frOm South Haven to Chicago

and then back to Lansing. Why would

it not have been better to have the

South Haven Association ship peaches

to Lansing and then carry on the right

kind of a publicity campaign in the

Lansing papers instead of leaving the

entire proposition to the mercy of the

Lansing dealers. In the state of Mich-

igan there are hundreds of small towns

where the peach market is neglected.

Last year I know of one grower who

visited towns and cities such as Mar-

shall, Lansing, Kalamaoo, Port Huron,

Albion, St. Johns, etc., and he sold cars

of peaches in these towns through co-

operation with the local dealers. You

might assume that the responsibility

ceased there but lack of general co-op-

eration among all the growers of the

state is lacking and the local dealers

on many occasions found much diffi-

culty in disposing of their consign-

ments. The cars arrived and the weath-

er was hot but the worst feature of all

was the fa ct that the housekeepers

were not ready to buy peaches. Some

of them still remembered that the





“H““I“!if”HillHIHHHHHHHIHHHiiI”HIHHHHHHH”HHHHHHHHWH“ll“HHHHHH”milililillllm”Nil““Hill!”HillH”HUN“NH“H”lllumlliHll[Hi”H”HH””H”Himm”HHHHHHHHH”ll”IIHIIHIHHHIHIH

(Io—operation In Its Infancy





 





 





HUS far

among producers have had their

greatest success in connection

with special lines of agriculture like

grain marketing, butter making, fruit





co-operative efforts





packing and shipping. However, the

largest field of service open to these

co—operative institutions will ultimately

be, without doubt, among the general

farmers. Here is to be found the

greatest volume of business and gen-

erally speaking, here exists in the

handling of the products of this class

of farmers the widest margin of waste

in marketing.



To suit a'co-operative organization

to the demands of a general farming

community so that the commercial un-

dertakings can be handled with econ-

omy and dispatch, will be a much

more complicated task than to adapt

such an institution to the needs. of





 





 





 





ciation usually in small quantities. To

grade, classify and assemble a large

variety of products will demand an ex-

ecutive of more than ordinary ability,

and will also require an elaborate

plant and a good book-keeping system.



Notwithstanding these disadvantages

there is no reason for believing that

the co-operative organization cannot

perform practically every service of

the general farmer that is now being

performed by the large number of lo-

cal dealers in the home town. Natur-

ally it will be some time before any

comprehensive scheme can be worked

out to satisfy the great majority of the

general farming communities, but by

reason of the success attending co-op-

erative associations dealing with spe-

cial lines only, there is every reason

for the general farmer to look forward

to the day when he will be able to do





 





p ople believe all they read





 





tioned will probably visit the s9...





dealers that handled his Crop last- year. ‘ L '





He will face more competition than be-

fore as other growers and well Organ-

ied associations are adopting the same





method of disposing of their cropp





However, it seems that he has no oth-

er way of insuring even a' fair price

for the peaches. If the peach'business

as a whole should be given the right

kind cf publicity people. might learn

to respect'the wholesome qualities of

the peach and the product that the

people need and know that they need

will probably bring a living income to

the producer.

The Grower’s Responsibility.





At" present the independent peach'





grower may be responsible in a meas-

ure for the consumer’s attitude to-

ward peaches. Inferior fruit poorly

packed has destroyed many a fondness

for peaches.

has been much discussed among peach

growers and many do not spray at

present for the brown rot as they claim

that it is not necessary. At least it

does not seem necessary when the





fruit leaves the orchard in the case of ,





early varieties. Several years ago I

shipped several bushel of peaches to

Lansing from Benton Harbor. They

had been sprayed for both the brown

rot and the plum curculio and they

held up in fine condition for many days





after being received in Lansing. About '





two weeks later I had peaches shipped

from another farm in the peach section

where the trees were not sprayed for

brown rot or curculio. When the sec-

ond consignment arrived they were in

good condition except for a few gummy

exudations from curculio stings but

within two days the brown ro't began

to spread rapidly and they were soon

unfit for use except through the most

wasteful cutting up and paring away of

bad spots. It is my opinion that the

spores of the fungus were on the fruit

when it left the orchard but they had

not developed and for this reason the

grower could see no reason for spray-

ing. After a journey of 100 miles and

one day in storage the fruit became

dead ripe and the spores developed and

this resulted in immediate deteriora-

tion. Possibly spraying might do some-

thing to increase the consumer’s re-

spect fer a bushel of peaches. It is not

the condition in which the fruit leaves





the orchard that determines how it,





may reach the home of the buyer. Pos-

sibly some growers who have neglect-

ed spraying because the fruit looked

well at harvest time might increase

the reputation of their crop by killing

off a few brown rots spores and elim-

inating a few curculio stings before

the fruit leaves their orchard. The or-

ange growers’ association considers

how the orange will keep in the con-

sumer’s home and while the thin-skin-

ned peach can in no way compete with

the well protected orange it may be

very valuable to extend the keeping

qualities of peaches at least a few days

and I believe from some experince that

spraying has a wonderful effect on the





quality of peaches even though its ben- ,





efits may not appear on the day the

peach leaves the orchard.

Pack Honestly.



Honest packages are important. The

sixth bushel basket never looks like a

fifth bushel and the grower can not

fool the buyer. The bushel basket with

the beautiful surface can never build a

business if that appetiing top row con-

tains a mixture of culls beneath.

Bright red tarlatan may make the pack-

age look red and luscious on the mar-





ket stand but if the buyer finds the , "

bright red covers poor fruit he does;





not come back for another basket It

is repeat- orders that will make peach

growing profitable for the same reaso

that housekeepers never like to

without oranges in the season wh, "





This year the groWer I have in h~i





 





The question of spraying





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





tion to make peaches profitable and farmers growing some special product. his buying and selling after a plan that anges are been _

his business will receive no publicity In the case of the general farmer there will give to the middlemen r, sonable" ' '

of any kind until the crop reaches the is a variety of products to sell and
‘3‘.





 





   

   

   





 





 





 





 





   

   

   





 

 





I fanc es should be sold as fancies and;





firsts, seconds and thirds should not

masquerade to rob the housekeepers

who in the end are going to determine

whether peach growing is worth the

trouble. No buyer will kick on buying

graded seconds and thirds if he pays a

price in proportion to their quality and

receives a good measure of what he

buys. This does not eliminate the fact

that the grower should do all in his

power' to eliminate culls and put as





j high quality fruitvas possible on the





market.

The Matter of Varieties.



The question of peach varieties is

important and the general public

should have more education concern—

ing the value of different varieteis.

In some towns it is the custom to sell





everything as Crawfords or Elbertas





depending on which of these varieties

the local dealer thinks his customers

willalike best. It is a rare case in

these days when a man does not get at

"least one nursery catalogue each year

and begin to suspect that there are

many kindsof peaches which might be

produced. He is apt to become sus-

picious when everything is sold him as

one variety and while he may like the

peaches the deceit - rather

him” on the peach business. This is

another point that well manned pub

licity might emphasize.



After considering the peach business

from every angle it is easy to under-

stand that the grower is going to rise

or fall on his system of marketing. The

marketing of peaches this year will

probably be more successful than last

year as the growers picked up some

good points during last year’s unfortu—

nate experiences. However, the sys-





».- tern of marketing will have to be much





the. same and some growers will not

make much money and until the mail

man leaves the last check for the last

bushel they cannot correctly answer

the question, “Will the peach crop

pay?”





INFLUENCE OF FEED ON MILK.





 





(Continued from page 92).

any change in the composition of the

milk.



In the third experiment, when dried

vs. wet beet pulp was used, in one of

the cows a higher fat content of the

milk was found while in one of the

other cows a lower fat content was ob-

served, showing here the effect of the

individuality of the animal. One was

undoubtedly more adapted to a very

succulent ration, while the other one

seemed to take better to the dried ra-

tion. Happily for the experiment the

two cows did produce opposite effects

for if this had not happened, had both

of them shown an increased fat con—

tent, on one ration, it might have been

concluded that in this instance the

moisture did have some influence.



In the fourth experiment, with green

vs.’ cured clover, the data obtained

proved that the water in the ration

supplied by green roughage as com-

pared with the cured hay did not lower

the fat content of the milk. In this ex-

periment it seems that the fact is more

firmly established that assuming ra-

tions to be adequate for the animals,

by which we mean that they are neith-

er crowded nor starved, the type of

the ration will not influence the com-

position of the milk. ‘ When the ration

is inadequate, the animal being in a

half—starved condition, serious physio-

logical disturbances may be created

and in this condition one munot tell

what type of milk will be secreted. It

is an abnormal condition and may vary

materially from day to day, may be

high‘in fat content or low in fat con-

tent. What would produce a low fat





content in one animal would be very

- likely to produce a high fat content in





 

 





 

 

 

   

 





’. The results of the experiment anchor





m the idea that the compo-





“queers '





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





ing effect.





least 2%





if the fly is present.





 





 





The Hessian





Quick-acting Fertilizers

A Preventive Measure





You can beat the





Hessian Fly with Fertilizers if

you uSc‘thc right kind.

is to seed late and force the fall

growth with fertilizer containing at

quickly available ammonia

and not less than 10% available

phosphoric acid. But it must be the





right kind of fertilizer.

Acid phosphate alone will not bring the quick grow-





Onc more bushel of wheat p





pay for the ammonia and may save you many bushels





will repay its cost anyhow in the wheat crop.





Ask us for Government chart showing best dates for

seeding in your section.

Crop of Wheat,” both mailed free.

this year, you want to make your own work produce to the limit.

Our active fertilizers will help.





Also for new booklet





The American Agricultural Chemical Co.





New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo,

Cleveland, Cincinnati and Detroit





Address nearest oflice. Agents wanted.





 





The idea





We make it.





If there is no fly, the fertilizer





With the shortage of labor





er acre will





“How to Get a





 





 





THE COAST LINE





 





   

 

 

 

   





DETROIT,CLEVELAND.

BUFFALO. NIAGARA FALLS





[7 TOLEDO, PT.HURON,

” ALPENA ST. IGNACE





 





 





   





service between Detroit and





Dally service betw

and Bimalo. etch er

Map. Address L. G. Lewis. G. P. A. .,

DETROIT a CLEVELAND ..'

P. H. McMILLAN Pres.





 

 





 





 





FA REAL VACATION—The Water Way is the Only Way '

Duly Buffalo and Detroit and Cleveland. Day trips (1

July and August“ as well as two boats out of Detroit and Cleveland every Saturday an





Sunda yn¥htsd hesetwom 011.11.



- AND DE ROIT “Tlgt MACKINAC ISLAND AND WAY PORTS—Fro

Semanber 310th. SPECIAL STEAMER LEVELAND T0 MACKINAC ISLAND TWO

TRIPS WEEKLYém NO STOPS ENBOUTE EXCEPT AT TD ’I'ROIT



oledo and Put-in-Bay. June 10th to Sept]



RAILROAD TICKETS ACCEPTED on D. dc C. Line Steamers between Detroit. Cleveland



direction. Send two creJntt stain 1:0; illustrated pamphlet and Great Lakes

e to c





NAVIGATION CO.





   

   

 

   

 

 

 

 





TRIPS WEEKLY FROM TOLEDO





EVERY TRIP





   

 

 





 

 

   





Central

Standard





 





 





 





Farms and Farm land: For Salt





 





Dairy. stock grain and fruit farms are now

the best farm investments in the United

388. Farms located on improved highways,

with productive soil fine improvements. good

water best of home markets, near good schools.

churches, and shipping points. atm. tom. per

acre on easy terms.

11 information and free bulletin describing

alarge number of desirable terms will be sent

on application. to





l. 8. lilsu. Shh Emission-1 at Agriculture,

- Albany, N. Y.





 





 





NEW YORK STATE “8





.IIIEIES WHMHMM.





700 Acre Farm





PM sent. price of wool and beef points the way' to

wealth here. 1’15 acres tillnble, big pasture. thousands

of cards valuable hard and estimated a million

feet timber Apple on hard, Whom angle sugar last

your: big trout rook and water power 1111 house,3

bums; mail dl‘l” near school and neigoboro. Owner

has another farm prite onlv $5,111), an down Anoth.

erotiOOaczes with pasture or 500 cap {01-82 am on

easy terms. Details both page 9. ‘ Strout’ a Big Bunch

Bargains", instant.» «>pr free. E A. shout Farm

Agency, Dept. 101, 150 assau St" New York.





McClure-Stevens land C0.





3mm t.oA J. Stovenstoo.

Farm Fruit and Stock Lands. Weo - .

of choice unimproved land in Gladwin and Clare

counties. Sold on easy payments. Interestdper cent.

Write (or intonation.





Gladwin. Michigan





 





 





 

 





 





 





Six Bib South vs” Indian. “331‘“!

h“. w .1 21.1111. mmmfl A





171 Aces‘h“ Sttxk and tools; ‘Jvuws and heifers: 3

6. 7, and 5 years old; 8-morn

32166 and $136; hog house; hon

house; silo. Wagons, harness mower. rake

barrows. Brood sow whens. Platform “axon

wagons and tools. Hay forks, pulleys, ropes—eve .

thing. 1% miles to railroad. Price only ’

cash. Hall' a Farm Agency, Owego, Tiogo Co. . N. Y.





New Land,





In Gladwin and Midland Counties Michigan. We“

located. Low prices and easy terms. Staflel d Bros.

(owneis). 15 \lerrill Bldg" Saginaw. (westside). Mich.-





“ACRES 0F OPPORTUNITIES.”





An1llustrated booklet FREE Michigan has hun-

dreds of thousands of acres of virgin land 86 an sets

up. Healthful ( limate. Growing season for all cropo,‘

Ample rainfall. Write W'. HABTMAN. A. 1% 1.

Agent, Room 332.61'31111 Rapids & Indiana Railway,

Grand Rapids Mir higzm





house; tuo barns.





 





 





 





farm





It You Want to SI" or Exciting. Your





uiehly

Write to Farmers Agency, 53 Milwaukee Ave. .(‘lhicam





 





Good 80 at re farm near Hm‘lnon,n 00d

For :1“: buildings ”splendid location 3903 age

ADDRESS BOX HUDSON, MICEIGAN.





A Razor Snap





A new lot of fine quality Imported





 





lasts, is now offered by the'Michigan

Farmer.



The razors are made of the best

cutlery steel, five-eighth-inch blade,

and black handle. We will not say

just what these razors ordinarily re-

tail at, as prices on razors vary with

each dealer, but we have seen razors

no better sold at 81.25 and $1.50.



Every man who shaves ought to

have at least three razors as it is a

proven fact that giving a razor a rest





is beneficial to it, and here is your

opportunity to get a supply at very

little cost.





lasts the price is 40 cents each.post





orders totbe

w“ Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





Razors at 40 cents while the supply-





80, only while our present supply

paid, or a half-dozen at 2 .,00 at: ‘

M... ’ W3?
Send for Catalog A for prices

of Bee Hives. etc. We sell every.

thing for bees. including begin.

ner’s equipments.





nanny BASKETS





   





Bend for catalog C for prices

of Berry Baskets and crates.



‘ Special—200 W axlined paper

berry baskets postpald for

01.00 to any point Within 150

miles of Lansing. ~





I. ll. NUNT 8 SON, Box 525, LANSING, MICK,





 





 





 





POULTRY.





ARRED Rocks Parks 200 Egg Strain with records to

B Meg a ear—$1.50 per 15 Delivered. By Parcel

poet. fiedvlutling. Constantine. Mich.





Iamll flock Eggs.





w. C. COFFKAN. BENTON HARBOR.

Barred Plymouth





Benin: linrihern King Slrain 1...... H... w...





myprizes. Eggs 5?. for 15. Both matings.Satisfac-tion





Cook birds, hens. Four ' pullets

' 950 s in one year.

laid egg ICH.





 





guaranteed. David W. Cousins, North Port. Mich.

' E, culsively. Now is the time to buy

'“fl “ghouls pdre bred stock at a big reduction in





price. William A. Smith. Petersburg. Michigan.





lAYBILT S. C. W. LEGHORNS





Dar 6. great layers, pure white. Choice eoek birds,

hang. cockerels. EverfreshEgg Farm. Box l". Ionm, Mlcll.





Egsfi.





OHN'B Big, beautiful, hen-haiched Barred Rocks. ll

11





30. $2.50; 100. $7.00 Select matings 15, 84; 30. $7.00,

poetpaid. Photon. Circulars. John Northon. (flare. Mich.





' k Balance of season. Wh.and Brown Leghorns

chic 3| 38.50. S. 0. Beds. Anconas, W'h. Wyandotte$11

Inndred,prepaid. FreeporlHntchery, Box 12, Freeport. Mich.





 





 





 





IOR SALE Purebred h‘. 0.81le Leghorns



and white Plymouth Rock cock—



..la. Kletzlen & Webster, Bath, Mich.

' Ba . O l b'z Pa - '



“Schulz tBrlilgée- éfdfegr agdigvnlifigliggcgs ““0.de



, Ea: $33.13?” v.3‘5??‘.~n.‘.‘§af.;.mfd‘.i Duckling

P ‘ d ,.d



FOWIOI'S' nil" flocks =mflfiel‘mllz‘fndlecgf 33::





. Ut'lit e s 3.75 for 15. $1. 50 for 30. $2 for 50, $3.50

I-olrlm. l I)". figFOWLER. Hartford, Mich.





Breeding Cockerels





White. Brown, Bull and Black Leghorn, Barred

Books. Rhode Island Reds. Prices Reasonable.

.Ilnnybrook Poultry Farms, Hillsdale. Michigan.





III’INBIONS: ”WNW S‘Wle-Comb Keller-





stress 8 wins. old vhix Cockerele

la. pallets 31. up. M.E. THOMPSON, Red ford. Mich





1116 Crest, S. C. \Vhite ()rpingtons. BargainA year-

ling hens and cook, 9‘, $12 and 3171. Just one half





hat the will cost next 8 >ring. MRS. “ILLIS

EOUGH.yPine Crest Farm. ioyal Oak, Michigan.





B I HE” “E" Rose and Single Comb. Write

m u a I for Price List. Sell your mon-



ls and bu pure bred i. I. Reds.

ETERLAKESYFARMJSOX 39.LAWRENCE,M1CH.

ose and Single comb Reds. young and old. for sale.

rrespondence as to your Red needs invited.

JENNIE BUELL. Ann Arbor, R. 8, Michigan.

and S. C. R. 1. Beds, 6 gs and breeding stock for





sale at reduced prices or bal. of season, Belgian

hares very reasonable. 0. E. Hawley, Ludington. Mich.





Rose Comb Brown Leghorns





 





l and Gale strains 82.50 or 100 eggs. Cockerels

agglmh. CLAUDIA BE'IPTS. Hilledale. Mich.

-—200 Egg Strain——Eggs, chicks, 8





week-old pullets from hens with

"cords up to 264 eggs, Prize winners at largest shows.

Prompt shipment, prices ‘low. quality guaranteed.

White Leghorns are best for eggs. Vi e raise thousands.

Free catalog and price list given particulars. Write for it now.





“Ills LEGHDMI MIN. 93‘ Unlon. Grand liauidl, Mich.





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to age 52 to 85; P. R. hens

night 5 to 10 lbs., eggs 15 for $1.00: [00. $5; 120, $6.

Inmmoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

k “a $6 to 825, 10 eggs S3. A. E. Cramton. Vassar. Mich.





reduced prices, balance-of sea-



:- :n "alum": Eggs“)... Free delivery. R.(l. White



horn hens $1.00, lie] ian Hare Bucks $5.00 with

igree. mvaevuiiw FARM, Mich.





ILVER GOLDEN AND WHITE WYANDOTTES.

Eggs from all mattings, 1.50 per 15, $2.50 per 30 until

July let. G. W. Browning, R. 2. Portland, Mich.





n“. w£andofla Cock & Cockerels.





Eyes 81. S2. $3.



per 15. $4 per 50, 8 per 100.



DAVID AY. 2‘02 Forest Ave, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

RITE WYANDOTTES. Eggs $1.50 per 15. $2.50

per 30. $7.00 per 100. From choice stock.



A. FRANKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor, Michigan.





Ferris loghorns





Vales-at.





 





 





 





DOGS



"Ill”: FUR HUNTING—5°: °§°“d“.‘2d “Tilt" -"



w. a. 1.1ch. “ 'uoiguuii? 5539‘

K .



FOX. 3353“ 35.33:; HOUNDS





Broke to gun and field. and guaranteed. Fox,coon & rab-

bit hound pups, from the best of stock—85.00 each.

pifor photos. H. O. Lytle. Fredericksburg.0hio.





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





CATTLE.





ABER DEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

MAN - ERICAB and BLACKBIRDS on”.

Alon breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





lot-ea.

WOODOOTE ITOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





ABERDEEN ANGUS : 3.23mi?





In: 15 head of Ohoicegoung bulls, one two year old

736m Erica at $200.00 i taken in 6 weeks. 14 head from

I twenty months old includi the first and second



no. Senior bull calves at the 1 15 State Fair. Write

come to the farm to look our





 





Particulars, and .

over they are of the Blackbird Tro an-Ericae,

LAR , Hunters





. dock

m Pride Families only. U. L. C

’ Mich. SIDNEY S 1TH, Mgr.





, Aberdeen Artfusma for; hall’s and heifers

' one ear an 0 er 3 one .

bio. HATHA {KAY I: sort. ovm. MICHIGAN.





a“ HESS-9.3: mkgnfforfiémofitkdmugen Delve:

. .-





 





 





i v D J

.n': “.mfc.”°*...e::.:r...ia°...m





o.





 





NE of the secrets of successfully

keeping hens is having the air of

the house fresh and dry. Good



ventilation and dryness are so essen-

tial that the most skillful breeding,





for the lack of it. These are the fun—

damentals of good pouItry husbandry.

And it is very difficult to secure a dry

house and atmosphere Without fresh

air circulating through the pens. It

has 'been estimated by poultry scien-

tists that hens breathe more air per

pound of live weight than any other

class of farm animals, and this seems

quite reasonable.



Take a pen containing 250 five-pound

hens. This flock will breathe almost

three times as much as a cow

weighing 1,000 pounds, yet the hens

are kept closely crowded in their

sleeping quarters. Every hen of the

flock breathes out impurities that are

poisonous to the others, and she also

breathes in the impurities given off by

the others unless there is sufficient

ventilation to carry away these impur-

ities and supply the needed fresh air

instead.



“In: Poisons in lmpure Air.



It has in several instances been

proved by experiments that these im-





feeding and care can not make up'





the 'most eggslor makes economical

gains in flesh. ’



The three most- common causes of

dampness in the poultry house are:

A poor location, faulty floor construc-

tion and improper ventilation. A poor

location may be any place that does

not have the best of air and water

drainage. Any spot that is low or that

does not have an outlet to ground that

is considerably lower is likely to have

poor air drainage. This means that if

the henhouse is located in -such a

place the damp air is likely to settle

in and about it and the frost will lin-

ger there late in the spring and make

its appearance with the coming of

colder weather. Such a location short-

ens the real laying season to a great

extent.



Suitable Localities for Poultry Houses.



In selecting a. location for the poul-

try house the one with a southern

slope, on a. fairly high piece of ground

is about right, for aside from being

brighter and more cheerful in winter

it will also be drier than any other‘ex-

posure.



Have your windows curtained with

muslin of a heavy weave, and use as

little glass as possible, for there is

nothing that will draw as much mois-





 





puriiies given off by one animal are

much more poisonous to another ani-

mal than to one breathing them off the

lungs. The lungs of all farm stock and

poultry are the purifying instruments

of the individual, and here the Whole

body forces off poison, depending upon

these organs for new life. You can

prove this for your own satisfaction.

Put a mouse in a self-sealing jar and

make the cover tight. In a few min-

utes he will begin to show signs of suf-

focation. Then without admitting any

more fresh air than you can help, in-

troduce the second mouse. This sec-

ond mouse, even in the jar the shorter

time, will die before the first mouse

will. The reason is that the second

mouse did not really die of suffocation,

for if he had both would have died at

the same time, but he was killed by

the poison given off from the lungs of

the first mouse. It is entirely possible

that this is the reason why so many

hens in apparently good physical thrift

drop dead off the roost. The ventila-

tion is poor and the birds become

poisoned by the gases from the lungs

of their perchmates.





The dropping-boards should be clean-

ed often, and the boards sprayed or

some clarifying material used in re-

freshing them. The gases which issue

from droppings goes immediately to

the sleeping birds, and aside from the

body poisons, gives them a double dose

of poison, thus lowering their efficiency

to a low point. Thousands of hens do

not lay because they are poisoned.





A Matter of Moisture.



The water which fowls drink is not

excreted as in other animals of the

farm, but is carried off by the air that

the bird breathes. The air that the

hen breathes passes to every part of

the body and.gathers moisture. If the

air is dry it gathers the moisture eas-

ily and quickly. If the air is already

moist it takes up very little more

moisture. This in turn means that

more air must be breathed to do the

same amount of work. The result is a

panting hen even though the day be

quite cool. A, panting hen is uncom-





 





fortable and is —notw,.the onejithat lays





 





A Practical Way of Providing Fresh Air for Poultry.





ture into a hen house as glass. By

allowing proper ventilation—not drafts

—but the circulation of fresh air in

proper quantities, your flock will be

both healthy and profitable.



New York. EARL W. GAGE.





 





GAPES.





Can you tell me what to do for my

little chicks? I think they have the

gapes. They will stretch their necks

and open their bills every few minutes.

I can hear them make a noise after

they go to their sleeping quarters, like

sneezing. Some of them die. Can you

tell me what to do? Mrs. A. M. S.





In eradicating gapes, it is important

to isolate all affected birds, so that

the worms and eggs coughed up or

voided in excrement may not be eaten

by other chickens or contaminate the

food and water. All dead birds should

be burned, and those not having the

disease should be allowed to run on

fresh land on which there has been no

poultry for several years.





The food troughs and water dishes

should be frequently scalded and the

coop disinfected. Potassium perman-

ganate ’should be used in the drinking

water to sterilize it. One or two tea-

spoonfuls of a stock solution is suffi-

cient for ten quarts of water.



The individual surgical method

seems to be the only sure way of rid-

ding an infested bird of these para-

sites. . This can be done with a small

quill feather which has been stripped

with the exception of a Small tuft at

the end, and which after moistening

with turpentine should be introduced

carefully into the trachea, turned

around and withdrawn. This will usu-

ally displace a large number of worms

in the trachea, but care must be taken

not to injure the delicate lining of the

air passages.



This disease is often fatal in chick-

ens from one »to four weeks old. In





 

 





'older chickens and hens it will not





produce fatal results, but such birds

are a source of infection. Wet clay

soils are especially favOrable to the

gape worms, and they thrive , "beet-link





 





 





UERNsv 5





Average yearly production 422.3 lbs. of‘fat. three





fourths of them making their records as two year ‘ i





olds, By the use of a pure bred sire. a big im-





provement can soon be attained if the right - ‘





selection is made. The breeding of the Beach

Farm Herd is as good as can be found. and we





guarantee them to be free from contagious dis- ‘ ‘





eases and to be satisfactory in every we. or

{gooey refunded. Write and let us tell you a ut

em. ,,





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE,





Coldwater, Michigan.





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





eg. Guernsey Bulls. serviceable age. great grand

on: of Gov. Chane, also grade Guernsey and Jersey haiku

0 wks old :20 each. Avondale Stock Farm, Wayne. Mich





(‘1 uernsey (May Rose) Bull for sale, born Sept. 5. 1913.

I Splendid animal in every respect, Dem 520 lbs. fat

class F. J. K. Blatchford, Auditorium Tower, Chicago. Ill. 7





M of service 6 and calves from

Guern‘ey Buns choice. film reg. breeding.





T. V. HICKS. Route 1. Battle Ceeek. Mich.





 





uernse s. yearling bull also a bull calf, Gr.

Son. auline Sottswood ‘745 lbs. fat, cheap enon

soyou can buy. J. M. Williams, No. Adamo, Mi





6U E R N 8 BY S‘ia‘iyiilhli'ifi

Containin blood of world chamgéons.

HICKS’ OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





flerefords—One Bull Calf.





ALLEN anos. PAW PAW. mail.

4 Bulls,





HEREFORDS 3 4 Heifers:-





EARL C. MCCARTY. Bad Axe. Michigan.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For SOI'VICOo



From a grand daughter of The King of tho

Pontiaol. Bind by a bull that is more than a hell

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a30 lb. 6% fi fat dau hte:

of Pontiac Aggie Korndykewho has more ' lb.

daughters than any other liv1ng bull. I! you do

write for pedigree. '





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich;





norsrnN BULLS FOR SALE





3 of them 1 year old in Nov. By 31 lb. sire. Dams

above 21 lbs. as heifers. Price $100. Younger bulls

by son of Johanna McKinley Segis $50. up.

IBLISSVELDT FARMS. Jenison, Michigan





FOR SALE





SOME VERY FINE YOUNG BULLS

Whose sires have as high as 81 lbs. of butter behinl

them. As they are young, will make a low lzprioe on

them. BIGELOW'S H0 STEIN AR“.



BREEDSVILLF- MICK.





 





 





 





 





 





OLSTEINS. a'nice straight deep bodied.hlocky built

bull calf born Oct. 5th, 1915. His '7 nearest dame

have A. R. (5. records that average butter 7 days 2}.”

lbs,, milk 533.36 lbs. W. B. REA ER, Howell, Mich.





 





30 lb bull for sale, 2 years old. ngrx? son of King of

. the Pontiacs. Dam sold for $1 in Detroit sale.

Ferd. J. Lance. Sebewaing. Mich.





$ 7 5 $0133 Hazel-let grandson of Mexlecrest De K01

art enea an Pontiac Max 30.2 lb. Born

March E. Dam Pontiac Hesperia 2nd, 14.89 lb; 436.6 lb;





her dam's sire brother to sire of world" record cow 8l334 lb

milk 1 yr. M. L. McLAULIN. REDFORD. MICE.





 





' Bull Calves and Cows

i [love Holstein Bulls, .1... 1 one. .0. a...

I can show breeding, records. individuality and nurse

tive prices. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette, Ohio.





“10 P N 01011 ” llolsieins





By careful retention. for many years._ of largest? re-

ducing females. and use of superior Sires, a bree ing

herd of wonderful quailt has been established. We

are selling young bullso this“'1 OP NOTOH"quality.

of serviceable age, at moderate frices. Information

pedigrees, etc.. on application..1\ cPHERSON FARMS

00.. Howell, Michigan.





FOR SALE Two Holstein Bull Calves





6 months old from 2) lb. dams. .

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





Grade up‘yourherd with one of our Holstein bulb.



Their six nearest dams on the sire's side avemi:

24 lb butter in 7 do. The semi-oflicisl yearly recon

of three of these dams, including two two-year 0 d

heifers. average 842 lb, of butter and 18.0001b. of millu

Six tonine months of age and from A. R. O. dams.

Peaceland Stock Farm, Three Rivers.'Mich. Chas.

Peters, Herdsman. O.L. Brody,0wner.PortHuronJich.





HOBAR I W. FAY,

MASON. MICE. ‘

REGISTERED HOLBTEINS

ESTABLISHED 1904.





 





 





CHOICE HOLSTEIN BULLS—all from A.R.0.deme

Entire herd on Semi of. test for yearly work. Jr.

2-yr.-old just finished year's record 0! over 15.00011... «

milk.over1000 lbs. butter record in mature class. Cherry

Creek Stock Farm, M.E. Parmelle, Prop., Hilliards,liich.





n Holstein Bull Calf. 2nearest dams average 901!»

.E-milk per dag Pontiac Korndyke and Hengerveld

De 0] breeding. rices right. John A. Rinke.Wmen,Mlch





FIRST $10.0 CHECK





Gets 16 month old, Handsome Throughorbred Robbin,

Bull. World record Sire. Dam26 lb. 3 year old. He 3'





three as good. same age. C.E.Winters.Aug .. ‘





 

 





 





H5 weeks old. beautifully markedfim

for shipment anywhere. ow Fatahwhlk'etet,





. on SALE-5 two year 1.1 neg-

Fhif .a 2 oidnun '13

mn fwd: é. £33. yfilgwaga any,“ ii



mine ‘ ‘ ~ ' L





 





 





'vv w. 7





 





 





—_._.





 





 





 





at“





 

 

 





olstein Calves. 1o heifers, and 2bulll15-lfltha ’ 1

.00 eaohm e
CONDUCTED 'BY .w. c. FAIR. v. s.





' , {on please tell me what to give or do

0





, from both fore teats and I might say





seems to be free from





Verr





. inclined to believe





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





' Illllllllllllllmmflllllllmm





 





 





Cows do not Come in Heat—Will





r my cows to bring them in heat?

E. K., Carsonville, Mich.e-Give 1 dr.

of ground nux vomica and 2 drs. of

ground capsicum in feed twice a day.

- Cow Gives Bloody Milk.——I have a

cow that occasionally gives bloody milk





that in the early milking, the milk

blood. Mrs. E.

G., Lowell, Mich.———Your cow should be

milked carefully, also prevent her step-

ping over fences, bars, logs, door sills,

out of ditches or lying down on pieces

of wood or pebbles that might bruise

fore part of udder. No medicine is

required.



Food Poison—My young pigs seem

to thrive well until two months of age,

then die very suddenly without show-

ing any symptoms of illness, merely

uttering a squeal before expiring. They

were fed sweet milk from the separa-

tor. I changed and fed sour milk, also

gave worm medicine, but nine of them

died. J. H. H., Freeland, Mich—I am

that your pigs die

the result of food poison and it is up

to you to prevent their death, as I do

not believe they die of disease.



Medical Question—Is turpentine a

good remedy for worms in pigs? If so

what quantity should be given at a

dose? J. P., Jonesville, Mich—The

dose of turpentine for a pig is from





 





saoo





e believe this is the





ug.

3,





KWATER ma

'This Offering Features:

30 Yearling Sows bred for fall farrow to

Brookwater Cherry King and Gold

12 Spring boar ma, and gilts, sired mostly b

Principal Herd.





breeder wishing





to buy Durocs can afford to miss this sale.

catalog. '





BROOKWATER FARM,





ANN ARBOR,

Herbert W. Mumford, Owner. 0. F. Foster, Manager





 





such noted boars as Panama Special,

Model. 3 Ready for service Boers.

the great breeding boar, The

best 0 fering we have yet sold and no

Send for illustrated





KT:

3





, MICHIGAN





 





DEATH 10 Hams





NEWTON’S "$3.3





 





one to three drains and it is best ad-

ministered in eight or ten times its

bulk of linseed oil, cottonseed oil,

gruel or milk. This is a dose for a

hog weighing between 75 and 200 lbs.

weight. I might say that turpentine

is a fairly effective vermicide.





Swollen Eye Lids—I have several

pigeons troubled with sore eyelids and

would like to know what can be done

for them? I might add that I believe

this trouble is contagious. H. J. 19.,

Ida, Mich—Your pigeons perhaps suf-

fer from a. contagious ulcerative dis-

ease of the eyelids and the best rem-

edy would be tincture of iodine cau<

tiously applied occasionally, but pos-

sibly the worst cases should be de-

stroyed. Your roost should be disin-

fected and thoroughly cleaned.





Nasal Catarrh.—-—My eight-yeanold

horse has been coughing and sneezing

for the past six weeks; has a slight

nasal discharge and blows some when

the weather is hot. G. L., Bradley,

Mich—Give him a teaspoonful of pow-

dered sulphate iron and a tablespoon-

tul of ground gentian at a dose in feed

two or three times daily.





Chronic Stocking of Sheath—I have

an eight-year-old gelding that swells in

sheath when allowed to stand in the

stable, but if exercised swelling seems

to leave; however, it is sure to return.

W. K., Owosso, Mich—Give him 2 drs.

ohacetate potash at a dose in feed

tWice daily, when necessary to keep



'his kidneys active. He should have

daily exercise. .



Enlarged Gland—Surfeit.——-Have a

horse eight years old with movable

bunch in throat, also has skin erup—

tion on part of body. H. A. F., Reed

City, Mich—Apply tincture iodine to

bunch three times a week, also wash

body with one part coal tar disinfect-

ant and 40 parts water daily. Give him

a. tablespoonful of cooking soda at a.

gose in feed or water threetimes 3



av.



Abnormal Appetite—My cows are

inclined to eat any old thing, such as

leather, pieces of cement, rotten w00d

and rubbish. J. 0., Kingston, Mich.—

Feeding an unbalanced ration is the

common cause of this ailment. Mix

together one part ground nux vomica,

two parts charcoal, five parts ground

gentian and give each cow a table-

spoonful at a dose in feed twice a day.



Rheumatism.—Pigs ten weeks old

seem to be rheumatic.‘ I feed them

milk, wheat middlings and some corn.

J. H. B., Cassopolis, Mich—Feed less

corn, more oats and give them each 2



. of sodium salicylate at a dose

ee times a. day.





Bunch on Stifle.-—-Colt four weeks



old has soft bunch on stifle. G. W.,

Barryton, Mich—Apply tincture iodine

one part and three parts of spirits of

camphor to bunch twice a week.

, Loss of Power.-—Spring pigs die of

paralysis of hind quarters. . G., Mer-

rill. Mich—Give each pig 10 grs. of

potassium iodide twice daily.



Diseased Cord—I have a colt that is

14 months old that has bunch where

testicle was removed: he walks still.





 





 





3. w. n, Isabella, Mich—Give him 40 grs.

‘ at potassium iod





ide at a dose two or

day. If this treatment

0 lion will certainly





 





 





three times a

' semis not W





a.





 





Cough. Diem-w

digestion (Juro-

Some also. cured by I at or 2m! 81 can.

'l'hree cane are guaranteed to euro



heevee or money reloaded.





   

 





The original and the up-to-date

Standard Veterinary Remedy for Heaven tree booklet

explains fully. 84 years sale and veterinary use.





“IRES muss BY MINNIE CAUSE—

mflfll. IT’S A BRAIN! MIDI-

‘I'IOIEII in Will!“ EXPELLER





Ilia. float economical. Excellent for Cattle and flags.

01.00 per can at doalerl. ateame price by parcel poet.





THE NEWTON um? 00.. Toledo. Ohio





 





' - d ' d , ith

llmy Bulls hr Sal. $2.“? “2...”? 93°02? .“213' on

semi-olficial test. 0. B. ngner, B. 6. Allegan, Mich





‘ eiiior herd bull,)lajesty‘s Wonder 90717, for sale.sire

bltoyal M ajesty,Dam Mina‘s Dewdrop, is full sister

Majesty's Butter cup produced 765.2 lbs butter in 1 yr.

Sons of Royal Majesty are scarce, here is a chance to

get one reasonable, must. sell to avoid too close in-

breedingwrite for particulars,alao choice young bulls





from above sire. Alvin Balden, Caper, Michigan.





 





' ' A 10 mos. old. solid color bull now

Hillside Farm Jump W.,... .0. .4. p... .. . I. o. M.

cow with record of 546 he. of honor as a 3 yr. old. He is a

fine individual. Price right. L‘. & 0. Deake, Ypsilanti, Mich.





 





“ Pl L R. of M. JERSEY HERD offers fox-sale.

I e . ant tuberculin bested cows, heifers, bulls»

and bull calves backed waveral generations of it.

of M. breeding. IRVIN x. Allegan. liehlgan.





JERSEY BULL CALF FOR SALE





Ready for service. Majesty—Raleigh breeding.

Meadowland Farm. Waterman. Waterman. Ann Arbor, Mich.





llEfilSlEllEll JERSEY BULL! Fllll SALE





1 earling, and Bull calves from 8 to 10 months



01 . Alec 3 cows. W to your wants.



SMITH- PARKER, RD. No.4. Howell, Michigan.

from High testing





JERSEY BU“ CALV dame. $25.00 each.





FRANK LAMB. CABBOPOLIS. MICE





BIDWELL SHORTHORN S





'0! "I“! end Mllk"





Registered bulls.

Scotch - to roans,

reds and w to for sale.

Farm at N.Y.C. Depot;

also I). T. I. ‘





 





 





 





 

   





B y.

. “dressGJ.8ehMerIu.





new





In.

Albion Stamp 355'“ la! n, Tecumseh. Iich.





Shortliorn Cattle oi boll: Sex lor Sale





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Illehlgan.





Bhorthorns of best Bates straiuayoupg

l . i . $1.10.

Ell": l'llfiss‘fi‘cmsirgm “slain...





0R Sale—Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton

FMonarch 2nd,. son of Avondale. from8 to 10 mos. old

John Schmidt. Reed City. R. No. 5., Michigan.





lllllfllllflfll cows m siii : Nam... '

K. B P





reeent._

B. L Station. Elsie. . ETERS, Garland. Mich.





AND POLLED DURHAMS FOR SALE.

3".“le Have red roan and white. Have over 100

head in herd. C. Carlson. Leroy. Mich.





-—Dalry or beef bred. Breeding etock all

“Williams ages for sale at farmers prices. 0. w. Crum

Secy. Cent Iich. Shaman Breedere' Linn“ McBride, Mich





_' ‘l. red horthorn Bulls. Roan Golf 9 mo. old

‘lv’gll rAngus Sull call’, 8 mo. old. not reg. Pric to

move quick. CflASE'S Stock Farm. Marlene. Mich, R. l.





 





bulls and heifers





' Sh rthorn Cattle,youn

n'fl‘l'lcd $103.00.bred cows endh ere . . Write,

. J. BELL. . BOSE CITY. MICHIGAN .





 





' ' Shorthorns, roan 3 year old, Bates bred herd

lllklllg bull 8250. You . bulls and heifer}.

DAVIDSONk HALL. IxfCUMSIB. MIC}! GAN.





. , f

IEBISIEIED “illlllllll étfllt’il’i‘ififil ’:33“?

yr. old. H. W. MANN. ‘Danneville. Mic





bull d

lied Pulled Callie. 3‘}? a. “El”.- ifil‘fiae. ”

John Donor and Bon. rend Ledge, lllob.





FOR SALE—Two R . Holstein cows. dueto freshen

in Aug. A 4 and yrs. Both have LB 0. records.

Price for bottom. Chas. l. Cook.Fowlervllla.ylloh. 303488.





w. 3: weeks old piss, 1:321:





I no a“ i k

in“??? easiest."..,.7r°.~...,.a.er men.





I We have for sale a. fine bull calf born Marchbthmicoly





swlfistlTfifilil..EaRM





marked,dam aninetecn pound three year old, price

$100. In :Berkshires we have a nice lot. of fancy fall





 





boars,slred by Sensational (lharmem Masterpiece 2nd,

also spring boars, these are all large high class imi-

mals.of unsurpassed breedingmur prices are rightmnd

please, or return your money.





iivi‘i‘i‘d‘iii‘é’ Farm, Pelersbiirg, Mich.

The Very Finest Berkshire Pirs Cheap





C. S. BARTLETT. Propr. Pontiac, Michigan





 





 





Berkshires. I have 6 choice fall gilts bred for Sept.

(arr-owing at .23 each for immediate delivery.

A. A. PATTULLU, It. 4. Decker-ville Mich.





‘DUROC JERSEYS





A choice lot of spring pigs, both Hex. pairs and trims,

not akin. Prices reasonable. Semi for pedigrees.

THE JENNINO'S FARMS, R. F. D.l. Bailey, Mich_





 





 





and Red pigs, price, weight.

nur.c “'3', no": etc given. I guarantee satin





faction, express prepaid. J.H.Banghart,East LansinB





 





uroc Jerseys. some choice Jun. hours, spring pigs,

pairs it trios not akin. a few sows for June furrow

of lending blood lines. \V. (‘. Taylor, Milan. Mich.





-Fall and spring pigs either sex. from

limo limit .h............. s. 0.8'1‘AHLMAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM, Shepherd, Michigan,





 





Bows and gilts bred for

early Sept. farrnw.Spring

eydenberk, W'ayland, Mich.





Duroc Jerse





pigs, either sex. E. D.





 





Duroc Jerseys, choice breeding spring pigs

Fol 8a“, either sex. ricer. right.

John lit-Nicol]. Station A, ll. l, lluy City, Mich





 





URQC Jerseys, Apr. pigs either sex, boars ready for

service and ii. few bred saw: for Sept. and ()ct. Sonic,

Holsteui cows breed for fall. E. H. Morris,lonroe,micli.

all sold out





DUROO JERSEYS ;-- for the





present. Wm. W. Kennedy. Grass Lake, Michigan.





DUROG JERSEYS—$0,353,. fill





Carey U. Edmouda. Hastings, Michigan.





 





I I have some good last September



Dunc Jerseys Boats and ills. Gills will be

bred for September arrow.



B. G. Keeeler. B. No. 5. Cassopolis, Michigan





I Combined, size, quality, breeding.

own.“ 3 our“: Herd hours, a ring boars. spring





sows for sale. Orlo. L. Dobeon, ulncy, Michigan.

Ready tor service. Big.

DurocJersey Boats smooth. lengthy follows.





Grand Champion blood lines. Gilts bred for Sept. tar-

row. F. J. DROD’l‘, R. 1, MonrOo, Michigan.





 





urocs. flows to fax-row Aug. and Sept.. spring pigs,

either sex. Percheron yStud colt. one your old.

EJALDRIOH, Token-ha. Cal. 00. . M ich.,Bell Phone.





Saws Bred for Augand Sept. litters,

“aloe 1.“. 3I also early Spring llonr pigs.

M. A. BRA . OKEMOS, (lngham Co.» Mich.





DurocJerneys. if you wants spring boar sired by

PrinCiple 4th. ou'll have to hurry,are going fast,on|y

afewl ft. J. obert Hicks, ll. 3, St. Johns, Mich.



10 weeks old'





DUROC JERSEY PIGS ”mom...





FRANK LAMB. CASSOPOLIS. MICHIGAN.





 





 





 

 

 





 





' " 'y- “I ~rderhr‘uhmoespi-ingeboa'

.333.“ ' 53“ (YES ma re lstefldin‘ mew. ~

. . P. anodaws. 'oa-mne.’mm..





4M; Iiigl t 0. l. e. um! Cluster While figs





From b. ar. and Apr. {arrow sired b , the five best

boars in the state. School Master 52707 W 0 won more

champions. defeated more champions than any boeri

show 1915. Abo 2nd, sire wour undefeated breeders

oung hard at 7 state fairs. Allen junior champi at

is. State fair 1914, and Captain Jim 33161. un er 6

months boar and Junior cham ion at every state fair

show 1915. hen we have Le oux model m5 first

in class at Sioux City, Iowa, 1914. Get our catalogue.

its free. We Register Free; Guarantee satisfaction

in every way. _

ROLLING VIEW STOCK FAR“. Cass City. Mich.





O. I. C.





A. J. BARKER,



o | cl A few bred sows to {arrow in April, Mu

- - 3- and June. I have-zommnii imam to clot.



also gilte Have them not akin. All good stock.



Otto B. Schulze, Nashville. Mich. 96 mile ‘wostof depot





0. l. 0.8

A.





Spring pigs either sex. large bone

and good growth. Prices rl t.

R. 11.1, Belmont, Mich gall





Some extra good tall boars; also

gilts. .Satistactlon guaranteed.

R. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan.





0. l. C. Stock all Sold





JULIAN_ P. CLAXTON. Swarm Creek. Mich.

Strictly





0. I. c. And Chester While Swine. m. Type.





Spring pigs, now ready to ship. Can furnish in pairs

not akin. These pigs are sired by Lenghty Prince

and Model 1st. Two as good bi tybie boars

is in the. breed. I will all p . O. D.

record them free. NEWMAN'S 6T0

RM. MARLETTE. MICHIGAN. R. Io.





0. l. C. September pigs,l :?£lafie:.;ml"°‘





E. B. MILETT. bow erville, Mil-him,





 





if you are interested in



OI II c- SWINE: 0_I_ C's” let mean“



you with a choicegiai‘r or trio. not. akin, or a gilt, due

to farrow about eptember first.



A. J. GORDEN, it. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.



I Palrs'and Trios no akin. 2 B .



0. I. c- 3 Holstein hullsfi and 8 months old.



Cloverleaf Stet-k Farm, Monroe. Mich., R. No. 1.





 





 





o I a Choice Gilts bred for fall Farrow and Sprin.

' I - Pigs. Prize W inning Stock. Write for low

price. A. V. HATT, Grass Lake, Michigan.

0 I c Swine and Reg. Holsteins, few boar pigs of



- - . M ay farrow at a reasonable pricc,quality con-

sidered. ELMER E. SMITH, Redford, Michiggn.





.

Boa rs at Half Price

We still have a lo w big boned, big type Poland Chin-

hoars ready (or Sé'rvice, wei hing up to 250 lbs. not fat

at. $20 & 5‘5 each. llegiuterec in buyer‘ 3 name. Also

registered black Percheron Stallion 2years old MJD.

J. C. BUTLER, Portland, MICh.. Bell PM...





’ h d l' J l

ngw $2533.13 33393.3. fillingfiagé” " y ”d

. . L o





Route 11. Kalamazoo Michigan.

I l __B . _ I

Dig Type Poland China: hymn: 03.332332;

pigfl, A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. hilchlgan.





Poland China Spring' Pigs





Our herd sire was Champion and Grand Champion

at the State Fair last fall. Our sows are great big,

stretchy. splendid individuals, with breed .

Pigs from such matings will please you. Get our prices.





HILLCREST FARM





KILAHAZOO, MICK.





 





()lt SALE. P. 0. Sons, "Big 'l‘yg:"bred forSe

furrow. Extra. good 7 months ar. March In

April pigs. S.('.ll. Mlnorcan. ILVV. Mills, Saline,Mich.





 





' A few choice full boars ready

Lara. Sham P. c- for service, and 1 May boar.

Gr'ilts for early {arrow all sold, a few choice Gilts to

fin-row in Aug, and Sept, bred to bl ck Wonder and

()aklands Equal Jr. H.(). Swartz, Sc oolcrnl't. Mich.





(Ellis and sows. Bred {or Mar. and

gage lg” P. ll. April Yarrow. Sired by Big Del

0 nos.





lg Knox Jr,.ahd (:iant Defender. Bred to Bk

Knoer. Smooth W coder 3 and Big JiimboJoui-greatp

est boars in state. Como nr'wrilc. “Kl-I. LivingstonJ’armmlieh.





 





 





BIG Type Poland Chinas, Hired by Big Type King,

our 1000 lb. boar. Spring pigs. sired by Mat [)0





King. Fesenmeyer A “'onder Jr., and Mow's lg





 





Bone. W. lli’ewbaker 4.». Sons, Elsie, Michigan.





 





' either sex, all ages Some-

Fl" Sale Puland Chinas thing good at. a low rice.

P. D. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids. lch.





 





envy boned Poland China Spring pigs from large

Prolific sows, also young and older sows bred for

ROBERT NEVE.





Sept. farrow. Pierson. Michigan.





 





Lar Type RC. Bows «k (.iilts all sold. Have 3 extra

g0 good spring bouts. Sireil by Big Defender.

W. J. BAGELBBAW. Augusta. lichlnn.





 





GHEsIE" “.9153 gpws bred its; Sigptéglrrow, spring





gs in u

ALEXAY‘IDER. Vassar, Mich.





 





Raisé’ChestetWhites g;





ijhe original big producers

7 "/





 

 





started mouse-mil of

ea. 1 can help you. 1 want topless one be





WW“! not alree yre

mooted ‘4;

nee





BA from





VE

in ever, an it: where

m .aWarmJ: Easier”... wreaks...

G. I. “man. I. I. D. 10 W was.»





 





0. I. C. BREED GILTS. .‘fii’:,.l°d“6. B?“





LCARL JIWI'IT- Melon. Mich.





: u

III {I

it: '0

Ill .9

ll! , ..

m, u

III



I .



I





W“ Venn '

Grand ledge. Itch.





o ' ‘ 'm—A aloe lot of a ring pl . Write

a... '........' are? .. “as. 3‘" “m





 





 





 





   

   





 





WM. mos.





 





[05. law mimm' “WM m





 





 

 

 





Like This 's 3





   





Large Yorkshires ‘%





 





 





September i . 2 p' be re. 1" . b .

w. c. codiff Riui‘é‘izofi. ADxllfegdlmegA‘lg.

U

lcnowrnv TH E masses

II

‘Pnouric MULEFOOT" RESIST-

_Pnonraai.s: HOG mo





FOUNDATION STOCK IRON IIIT BLOOD D! 9"".





l THE CAHILL FARMS





 





 





laauuvuzoo - - . - Micmoau

HAMPSHIRESWINE '5?"





registered. John W. Snyder, R. 4. St. Johns. loh.





W

“Imp’hln leNO- September larrow s. cn8p$ié D138.

both sex. FLOYD MYERS, R. No. 9, Decatur. 1nd.





ll. ll. Helladay 0. ll. llalladay a Son

Breeders of Hampshire Swine.

Write your wants. Cllnton. Mich.





'SHEEP.





Kope Kon Farms Oflera

12°... “as: cram are



5. L. WING. rnorh. man moon. I10.-



llilori llIll She . wolfiii'll’élgrmnl‘d" ""

M. F. GANIS IY. Lennon. Michigan.





 





 





' -Yoarll d I bl l

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I D. WILL.





$5.939: elf'ihhmrfii’fifiii ' '
:' Finance and Investment

. The Fundamental Characterjstlcs of

Municipal Bonds.



_ HE municipal bond is probably



_ the best known security among

the many hundreds of millions

of bonds held by American investors.

The‘rapi'd progress made in the im-

provement and development of our cit-

ies requiring the funds of the people

as well as the assistance of the gov-

ernment has forced the education of

investors to the attractive features and

safety of the bonds of our country.

Many investment bankers earn their

livelihood through the distribution of

these securities, many investors have

enjoyed the safe employment of their

surplus money and to the everlasting

credit of all concerned it may be said

that the record of this bond is prob-

ably the best of any of the four divi-

sions of bond securities. Sustained de-

fault causing permanent loss to the

bondholder is a very rare thing among

municipal bonds today. In fact, prob-

ably 75 per cent of all losses took

place during the reconstruction period

immediately following the Civil War

when the southern states were so

hard pressed to meet their obligations.

During still another period there was

a great tendency to issue bonds in aid

of railroad development and for other

enterprises where the funds were mis-

appropriated or the securities were i1-

legally issued, causing many disgrace-

ful losses to innocent holders. But it

may be safely stated that this condi—

tion is permanently over, and thanks

to sane municipal bond laws, and the

ever tightening scrutiny of those hous-

es identified with municipal bond of-

ferings municipal finance is in a very

healthy condition and the securities

very highly regarded by the conserva-

tive investor or institution.



The first thing to remember is that

the municipal bond is merely the prom—

ise of the issuing community to pay the

holder 21 certain sum of money at a

certain fixed time with interest in the

meantime at a certain fixed rate. The

important thing to ‘consider is then,

first: Is the credit of the community

good. is the intent to pay present; sec-

ond, has the community the resources

or ability to carry out its intentions; is

the purpose for which the debt is in-

curred a sound, business or practical

necessity. In the careful scrutiny of

these features and considerations the

more important elements are covered.





The character of the people make or

unmake good credit. A community

made up of citizens well known for

their individual debt-paying tendencies

enjoys likewise the confidence of the

bond-buyer and a progressive, intelli-

gent, thrifty, honest population has

many times enabled or greatly assisted

the borrowing of funds to pay for a

needed improvement. Certain sections

of the country have the advantage over

others in this respect, due to the fact

that over a period of years a credit has



. been established through frequent

bond issues promptly taken care of at

maturity. Of course, a section enjoy-

ing prosperity is in better repute than

a place that shows signs of retrogres-

sion or where growth has stopped. A

metropolitan community can borrow

money on more favorable terms than a

rural community largely because the

density of population makes for per-

manency and care in the city’s finan-

cial procedure. The laws regulating

the investment of savings bank funds

in the east have rigid requirements as

regards the size of cities whose bonds

are offered for this purpose.



Bearing in mind the fact that the

taxing power is the security behind a

municipal bond it is necessary to ob-

serve that a proper tax levy has been

made coincident with the issuance of

the bonds. Furthermore, it is import-

ant that the tax levied be paid prompt-

ly when due. The ability to pay taxes

is in direct ratio to the wealth or as-

sessed valuation, also greatly affected

by the income-producing qualities of

the business or other interests. A rich





am ‘ $1 , 2 i‘

amun‘lcipal I an sexist





manufacturing city he





. . ,, , use

cause the burden





of taxation falls no more heavily on 7





One'than on the other. The elements

entering into the considerations of the

ability to pay are'practically the same,

with a municipal unit as with an indi~





vidual or corporation only in the first ‘





instance the different agencies act col-

lectively. Where the ability to pay is

present but the desire lacking, then

the bondholder may resort to the

courts and in not a few instances have

the courts forced payment on bonds

held by innocent purchasers. But the

instances where payment of just debts

incurred for a proper purpose, is with-

held are rare for the simple reason

that before the bonds are issued dis-

cussions for and against the enterprise

thoroughly air the pros and cons.



The third important consideration

then, is the purpose for which the.

money is raised. .Schools, necessary

public buildings, bridges, paving or

sewers, funds for certain city activities

together with roads, ditches, drainage

or irrigation, levees, constitute a per—

fectly reasonable excuse for the sale

of bonds, provided that the bonds are

retired during the life of the improve-

ment and not allowed to become a bur-

den on the future generation. The

need for an improvement usually he-

gets a desire to pay for it, and a reck-

less expenditure for an extravagant de-

velopment carries with it a change of

heart in the ferm of default and delays

in the future payment of the bonds.

To correct this situation the law steps

in and clearly specifies for what pur-

pose may money be borrowed and to

what extent without going to the peo-

ple for a vote,,and requires a clear ma-

jority at election in other instances. It

is a very easy matter to determine the

merit of a bond issue and municipal

borrowing in this particular may be

more easily traced than the operations

of an individual or a corporation.



The law assists legitimate borrowing

through the formation of school dis-

tricts, road districts, levee and drain-

age districts and other districts isolat-

ed from the larger communities solely

for the purpose of borrowing money

and carrying on the activity for which

the bonds were issued. The same con-

siderations affect these issues as in the

case where the securities are issued by

the larger cities and villages and the

principal of law and credit are the

same. Of course, much has been said

concerning the extent to which bor-

rowing has been carried, by those who

feel that the borrowing of money is in

itself a reckless transaction. However,

in order that our country may progress

materially in proportion as the popula-

tion increases it is necessary to expend

considerable money for the public good

and one cannot economize in civic af-

fairs the way one can in his kitchen.



J. R. MILLIGAN,

Financial Editor.





BOOK NOTICES.





 





"Text-Book of land Drainage,” by

Joseph A .Jeffery, land commissioner

D. S. S. & A. Railroad, formerly pro-

fessor of soils in the Michigan Agricul-

tural College, is an illustrated work of

256 pages thoroughly covering every

phase of drainage problems to be met

upon the ordinary farm, including the

scientific principles of drainage, drain

construction methods, etc. The book

contains nearly 100 illustrations which

make the text more clear to the lay-

man. Published by the Macmillan Co.,

New York City. Price $1.25 net.





"Fertilizers,” by the late Edward B.

Voorhees, A. M., B. S. C., Director of

the New Jersey Experiment Station

and Professor of Agriculture at Rut-

gers College, and revised by John

Voorhees, B. S. C., Assistant Agronom-

ist,‘ New Jersey Experiment Station,

covers in its, text the source, character

and composition of natural, home-made

and manufactured fertilizers and in-

cludes suggestions as to their proper

use for different crops and conditions.

Dr. *Voorhees is considered to be one‘

of the best authorities on fertilizers

the country has produced. The book

contains 365 pages and is liberally il-





lustrated. Published by the Macmillan -





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Medusa silos last forever and are everlastingly good looking.





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in a year’s time.

that never wears out.





Medusa Waterproofed Portland Cement

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The Medusa Waterproofed Cements are superior to a simple mixture

of concrete and waterproofing, because they are ground together in the'

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”Bumper Grain Crops:

Good Markets-"High Prices





PRIZES AWARDED TO WESTERN CANADA FOR

. WHEAT, OATS. BARLEY,ALFALFAANDGRAS SE8

The Winnings of Western Canada at the Soil Products Exposition

The list comprised Wheat, Oats.

Barley and Grasses. the most important being the prizes for





No less important than the splendid quality or Western Canada’s

wheat and other grains. is the excellence of the cattlefed and

fatted on the grasses of that country. A recent shipment of

cattle to Chicago topped the market in that City for quality and





Western Canada produced In 1915 one-third as much what

as all of the United States, or over 300,000,000 bushels.





Canada in proportion to populationhas a greater exportable surplus

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