The Only Weekly Agricultural,

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY,





VOL. CXLVII. No. 14

Whole Number 3908





[MW 45





PUBLISHE





   





WEEKLY.





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Horticultural,





 





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and Live Stock Journal in the State.

SEPTEMBER 30, 1916





S 50 CENTS A YEAR

’82 FOR 5 YEARS





Authentic Figures on the Cost of Milk





By C. F. PRESTON





Chester County, Pa., Farm Agent





HE prevailing sentiment with



I the rankand file of dairymen



throughout all of the east is

that theirs is not a paying business

and that if they are to be expected to

furnish milk to the trade much longer

a radical change in prices will have to

be effected. The casual observer asks

why farmers continue in a business

which is other than lucrative. One an-

swer is that they don’t. In proof of

this fact, witness the sale of herd af-

ter herd in our best sections followed

by the turning of attention to some

other line of farm work or to city em-

ployment with brighter prospects. A

second answer to the question is that

most farmers have been unable to

keep up the fertility of their soil with-

out manure, which, as a by-product of

the dairy business, is largely responsi-

ble for the high average yield of grain

and grass crops throughout the dairy

section.



If one doubts the statement that on

a great many farms milk is produced

at an actual loss to the farmer, he

should take pencil and paper and do a

little figuring for himself. When he

does this his calculations must not

consist merely of adding the cost of

his feed to the cost of his labor, sub-

tracting this amount from his yearly

receipts and arriving at the profit With-

out further deductions. Contrary to

this, he must figure as any long-head-

ed business man would. The so-called

overhead charges are there. They are

actual and must be reckoned with and

to ignore them, cherishing a delusion

of their non-existence, is suicidal.



In Massachusetts.



Referring to a report of the Massa-

chusetts Agricultural Experiment Sta-

tion covering a period of years from

1896 to 1911, it,is interesting to see

both the itemized charges against the

dairy and the cost of producing a quart

of milk under Massachusetts condi-

tions. For the station herd and dur-

ing the period of years named the av-

erage cost of grain and roughage per

cow is given as follows:



‘Grain.—Total cost, $4,416.84; aver-

age cost per cow, $33.72. Roughage.

—“—Total cost, $7,377.96; average cost

per cow, $56.32.. Total food cost per

cow, $90.04. Percentage of total cost,

grain, 37.4 per cent. Percentage total

cost, roughage, 62.6 per cent.



It will be seen that the average cost

of food consumed per cow was $90.04

and the cost of grain was 37.4 per

cent of the total cost.



In addition to the feed cost as given

above we have the overhead or fixed

charges itemized in the following man‘

ner: Basis 20 cows; (1) On barn for

housing cow and feed (per cow valued

at $75), interest, taxes, depreciation,

repairs and insurance, 10‘ per cent,

$7.50. (2) On value of cow ($75), in-





terest and taxes, 7 per cent, $5.25; dc?





preciation, 15 per cent, $11.25: '(3) On

value of barn tools, dairy implements





and the like, per cow (valued at $7.62), .





interest and depreciation, 15 per cent,

$1.15. (4) Value of perishable tools

and supplies, per cow (cards, brushes,

record sheets, soap, salt, bedding, vet-





 





erinary service, etc.), $9.00. (5) Cost

of pure-bred bull, per cow, $4.00. (6)

Care of cow and milk for one year,

$35.00. Total per cow, $73.15.



A credit of $17 is given for calf and

manure which is, made to offset fixed

charges to this extent and brings them

to $56 per head. Each cow in the sta-

tion herd then had to face a yearly bill

of $146 or the sum of her feed and ov-

erhead expense. '



The cows were for the n10st part

Jerseys. The average yearly produc-

tion in quarts was 2,683, which con—

verted into pounds is 6036.3, and which





in this particular case makes 100 lbs.





 





 





sive.. Average number, of cows, 25

average food cost, $84.07; fixed charg-

es, $50. Total cost per cow, $134.07.

Average production, 6,378.7 pounds, or

2,835 quarts.



The fixed charge of $50 represents

the overhead after $15 have been de-

ducted as a credit for calf and manure.

From the above it is seen that 100 lbs.

of milk cost $2.12, and a single quart

4.78 cents.



In New Jersey.



From the thirty—first annual report

of the New Jersey station we have

rather significant figures on the cost of

milk production, first when all home-





 





Summer Pasture as well as Winte; Feeding is a Big Item of Cost.

of milk cost $2.42, and a quart 5.43





cents. Commenting on these results

the author of bulletin No. 145 has to

say: “The figures indicate that the

farmer having a superior herd of Jer-

sey grades whose average milk yield

is 6,000 lbs. per cow, should receive

substantially 5.5 cents per quart for it

at the farm in order to get a fair mar-

ket price for his roughage and $35 per

year for his labor per cow.



_ In Connecticut.



The Connecticut Experiment Station

publishes, in Bulletin No. 73, complete

data covering- work at the station

dairy for the years 1907 to 1911 inclu-





grown feeds are charged at the actual

cost of production, and second, when

they are charged to the dairy at mar-

ket values or what they would bring if

sold locally and for cash. The data

follows in order:



Number of cows, 31; average weight

per cow, 1,231 pounds; average food

cost per cow at’ cost of production,

$95.73, at market values, $121.60; fixed

charges per cow, $70.22; total cost per

cow with feeds at production cost,

$165.95, with feed at market value,

$191.82. Average production per cow,

8,661 pounds, or 3,850 quarts. Cost of

milk with feed at production cost,





 





$1. 91 per cwt. or 4.31 cents per quart;

with feed at market value $2.21 per

cwt., or 4.98 cents per quart.



In the first case hay was figured at

$4.82; green forage at $2.68; corn

stover at $4, and silage at $3.50 per

ton, said to be actual cost of produc-

tion. In the second case hay was fig-

ured at $15; green forage at $3; corn

stover at $8, and silage at $5 per ton.

The cows were unusually heavy and

Holsteins largely predominated. They

gave the remarkable average of 8,661

lbs. of milk per cow, testing 3.96 per

cent of fat at a cost of 4.31 and 4.98

cents per quart respectively. In case

of such a herd, if the farmer sold his

roughage to his cows at cost, the cost

of producing his milk at the farm

would be 4.31 cents and if he secured

market prices for his roughage the

cost at the farm would be five cents

per quart. The investigator states that

“no charge is made for he investment

in the farm itself or the dairy build-

ings and includes neither dairy appar-

atus, milk utensils, incidental expense,

nor insurance.”



Approaching the subject from the

angle of a practical dairyman, the late

Director Voorhees of the New Jersey

Station presented figures on a some-

what different basis but arrived at

practically the same figure. Allow-

ing an average production of 7,500

pounds, he determined the cost of 100

pounds to be $2.20 and that of a quart

4.83 cents. These figures are based

on prices of labor, feed, etc., obtaining

eight years ago.



In Chester County, Pa.



A former Chester county dairyman

who found it inexpedient to remain in ,

the business handed the writer a com-

prehensive set of figures which are

argument enough in themselves for

his selling the dairy. To economize in

space his figures are given in condens-

ed form and amounts chargeable year-

ly to each of his forty cows:



Investment in cows, barn, milk room

and ice house and two 150—ton silos,

$11,400.



Interest and depreciation (cows),

$16; interest and depreciation on

equipment, incidental to dairy, $19.43;

feed and roughage, $83.08; marketing,

including freight to Philadelphia, haul-

ing to station, use, depreciation and

loss of cans, (freight and can use are





based on 7,300 pounds of milk per

cow), $32.85; use of bull, $1.50; labor,

$20.90. Yearly total cost per cow,

$173.76.



These figures do not represent

guesses or estimates but are taken





from ledger, milk sheet and check stub

and were so disturbing in their nature

that a sale was advertised and the

cows disposed of on the strength of

them. The cows, by the way, were

grade Holsteins of unusual merit.



In this man’s calculation no credit

is given fer manure, but a rather gen-

erous alloWahce of $5 is given each

cow for her calf} In determining the

cost of production the dairy is grouped

into three classes according to their.

average. A group of his best cows av-

eraged 3,900 quarts and naturally this



(Continued on page 295).
290——2





The Michigan Farmer

Eatablilbed 1843. Conflitht 1916.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors

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DETROIT, SEPTEMBER 30,1916





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The fair season

comes at the

wane of a period

of agricultural ac-

tivity as a time of relaxation and en-

tertainment, as an opportunity for

farmers to compete in friendly con-

tests with their choicest products of

the season and as a means of educa-

tional inspiration for improvement for

another year. For all these purposes

the 1916 West Michigan State Fair

was a complete success and the break-

in: of the daily attendance records

showed that West Michigan appreciat-

ed the endeavors of the management

to furnish entertainment, education

and inspiration.



The fair was a complete success be-

cause in no instance was any depart-

ment below the standard. The live

stock departments were the subject of

much favorable comment. All avail-

able space was taken and enough stock

turned away to make a good county

fair. The building containing the farm

crops was artistically arranged and

contained excellent exhibits of' grains,

fruits, vegetables, honey and dairy pro-

ducts. The county exhibits were es-

pecially interesting and instructive as

they showed as completely as the

space would permit the agricultural

products of each county. The fruit

show was of high quality and of high

educational value because variety con-

tests furnished excellent opportunity

for the study of the suitability of va-

rieties for home and commercial pur—

poses.



The farm machinery exhibit was

very complete in various devices which

will make farm work easier and the

farm home more. modern and comfort-

able. The newest developments in me-

chanical aids such as tractors, trucks,

lighting outfits and toilet outfits drew

special attention. It was an excellent

opportunity for farmers to keep post-

ed on the latest deveolpments along

this line.



The auto show was greater than the

expectations of the auto enthusiasts

whose number are legion. The build-

ing was well decorated and autos for

every need and most every purse, as

well as auto accessories were shown.



The poultry building was a babble

of chicken talk and crowing roosters.

The discussion of the merits of the

ribbon winners was no more frequent-

ly heard than the utility of the farm

hen. This was a farmers’ poultry

show and on that account an annex

nearly the size of the main building

was necessary to house the exhibits.

There were four times as many en-

tries as the year before.



The dog show, in which there were

many likable and fancy specimens of

the canine family, was popular, espe-

cially among the urbanites who have





The West Michigan

State Fair.





 





country homes: There was great in-

terest in the judging, and the oWner

of a blue ribbon pet felt no uncertain

pride in the winning of a prize. '



The main building with its commer-

cial exhibits, state prison and other

public institutions’ displays, was as

usual attractive, and the high grade

midway and grand stand shows were

fully __due the great patronage they

received. ~



The West Michigan State Fair has

come to a new life. It has gained the

good will and patronage Of the people

of the western part of the state and as

an agricultural fair is equal to any in

the state. It has become an annual

event in rural advancement in west-

ern Michigan.





. In another column

Marketing the Bean of this issue will

Crop. be found an arti-

cle on the bean

market situation from the pen of Pres-

ident Cook of the Michigan Bean

Growers’ Association. Every bean

grower in the state should carefully

read this article and take thought up-

on his duty as well as his opportunity

in the matter of marketing his sea-

son’s bean crop.



Unfortunately, as President Cook

states, there are always a certain per-

centage of farmers who for one reason

or another are not enthusiastically loy-

al in their support of any co-Operative

enterpri’se undertaken by their fellows

for the benefit of the industry as a.

whole. With the certainty that even

the speculative buying of beans will

be at a high price this season, owing

to the general shortage in foodstuffs

as well as to the exceedingly short

bean crop, and the fact that many

bean growers will feel the necessity of

marketing their crop early in order to

satisfy their need for ready cash, it is

reasonable to expect that this ten-

dency will be more marked in the

marketing of this year’s bean crop

than is ordinarily the case where co-

operative action by a large number of

farmers is proposed or undertaken.



As heretofore pointed out, however,

the price of this‘foodstufi to the ulti.

mate consumer will not be affected in

any considerable degree by the con-

trolled marketing of' the crop by the

growers, and if the bean growers of

the state would secure their legitimate

share of the consumer’s dollar, they

have the opportunity to bring about

this desirable condition by adhering

strictly t0'the minimum price scale

fixed by the Michigan Bean Growers’

Association in marketing this year’s

bean crop. The maintenance of this

scale will, however, necessitate the

gradual marketing of the crop, conse-

quently the bean grower who is able

to hold his product for the later mar-

ket without any serious handicap will

materially aid in sustaining prices by

holding his crop for the later market.

Even the man who must have money

for immediate or early use will do

well to use his credit at the local bank

to secure same rather than sell his

bean crop at a reduced figure.



It is only by making the handling of

the bean crop a merchandising rather

than a speculative enterprise that the

growers may reap a legitimate reward

for their labor and the speculators be

eliminated from the business. Any

legitimate means which may be taken

to that end will help to place the bean

growing business on a more profitable

basis and insure a more stable food

supply to consumers. The article mem

tioned should be carefully read as a

means to that end.





There is no feature of



Memory Day. the landscape which

causes such favorable



remark among country tourists as a

well kept rural cemetery. To our dis-

credit as a progressive people be it

said that such a cemetery is the ex-

ception rather than the rule through-

out the country districts of Michigan.

In another column of this issue ap-

pears a plea for the general observ-





ance of Memory Day which should ap-





peal to the human sympathy and ten-





\





THE“ MICHIGAN FARMER-‘





   





der sentiment of every Michigan

Farmer reader. The Memory Day

movement has grown rapidly since its

inception through the efforts of the

leader in the Farmers’ Club movement

in Michigan who is the author of the

suggestions as to the proper methods

of ‘observing the day, which will be

found in another column, until Septem-

‘ber 30 has been. designated as r'Memcry

Day by an act of the state legislature

and has been called to public attention

by a proclamation of the governor,

suggesting its general observance.

May the day serve to call to our minds

a duty which none would intentionally

shirk, but which is too often postpon-

ed until a more convenient season.





The Milk Campaign





TELEGRAM just received from



New York states that the 13,000



milk producers of New York

who belong to the State Milk Produc-

ers' Union and who represent 190,000

milch cows which contribute one-half

of the milk supply of New Yory city,

are demanding $2.17 5-6 per hundred

pounds for three per cent milk for the

ensuing six months. Their trouble is,

as ours, that the milk producer has

never come to a knowledge of the value

of the market side of his proposition.

He has felt that his duties ended in

the manufacture of a clean, whole‘

some milk placed in the can just out-

side the barn door.



The manufacturer of other products

realizes that his work is but half done

when he has turned his products out-

side the door of his factory. He real-

izes that the selling part of his propo

sition is just as important and much

more profitable than the manufacture

of his product and if you, the individ-

ual milk producers of Michigan, can

not awake to this problem and arise

to the occasion and accept the oppor-

tunities offered by the state organiza-

tion of placing your product in the

hand of the selling committee of your

local organization, you had better sell

your cows and get out of the business

of manufacturing milk.



The reason that some of the buyers

are so averse to dealing with the sell-

ing committee of our association is be-

cause of the weapon of defense that

this puts in the hands of the milk pro-

ducers.



The day of awakening is at hand.





The per capita demand for milk in the

nation was never so great as now.





The cost of producing milk Was never

so great as now. The difficulties of

production were never so great. The

price received by city delivery and for

condensed milk was never so great as

now. It is up to the milk producer to

demand his share of the raise in this

price. Below is given the cost of pro-

duction in ten different experiments in

different states, each under state su4

pervision:



Lindenboro, N. H., Cow Testing





 





Association .................. $1.93

Massachusetts Ex. Station ....... 2.42

Storrs Ex. Station, Conn ......... 2.12

New Jersey Ex. Station ........ $1.94





Deleware Co., New York, 1912... 2.35

Deleware Co., New York, 1913.. . 2.03

Kent Co., Michigan, 1914 ........ 1.67

Kent Co., Michigan, 1915 ........ 1.58

Livingston Co., Mich., March, 1916 1.83

Livingston Co., Mich, April, 1916 1.85

Average cost, producing 100 pounds of



milk for ten experiments, $1.971-5





The investigation made by the

Wicks Investigation Committee on

milk production in the state of New

York, discloses that the New York

dairy industry can not continue unless

increased prices are received, because

the cost of production is greater than

the price received.



The representatives of the ‘United

States government who have been

making an invstigatlon in Maryland

are equally conclusive that milk pro:

ducers can not continue to supply milk

at present prices. Since the cost of

production is in excess of prices re-

ceived for the product.



The following scale of prices have

just again been conceded to the Chi:

eago Milk Producers’ Union. _, These



(Continued on page 294),.





vphia,





 





SEPT. 30, 1916...





fH‘APPfiNlNGS or ‘rHE 'WEEK.





 





Foreign. _



The European Wan—A Zeppelin

raid on the British Isles was made last

Saturday night. Twenty-eight persons

are reported killed and 99 wounded in

the metropolitan district of London, as

a result of the invasion, and two of

the Zeppelins fell victims of the anti-





aircraft defenses of the city. Unusual

actiwty in aerial warfare also charac-

terized the fighting on the different

60 warplanes





26 of the victims belonging to the cen-

tral powers and 24 tothe entente. Of

this number 20 were brought down on

theSomme fronts. There have been

no important land battles during the

last several days. The Italians have





Italian troops moving on Triests have

cut off the city’s water supply—The

Serbiansare moving to attack Stark;

ovgrov.1n Macedonia. This. is an im:

pprtant position dominating the'right

Side of the valley from Florina to Mon;

astir..—Ii‘ightin’g hasdi‘ed down in Rou-

mania in the Dobrudja region, while

on the Transylvania front an attack

by the Roumanians on the Vulcan pass

was repulsed.——In Galicia a Russian at-

tack on the upper Dniester river re-

sulted in a general engagement where

in the attackers succeeded in entering

the trenches of the Teutonic allies

north of Zberow. Later, however, ac-

cording to Berlin, the Russians were

driven out. Petrograd reports that

1,500 enemy prisoners were taken dur-

mg the engagement. In the Carpa-

thian mountains several positions re«

cently occupied by the Russians have

been recaptured according to reports

from the central powers—Information

comes through Amsterdam that a big





political crisis is developing in Ger.





many over a continuation of the policy

of a ruthless submarine war. The So-





cialistic party of Germany adopted a‘





resolution at a recent conference de-

claring their loyalty to the govern-

ment m defending the country until its

enemies are prepared to conclude

peace, but condemned strongly the de—

mands of those who wish to make the

war one of conquest.

National.





The Mexican Peace

continues its session at New London,

Conn. _During the week the commis-

$1911. Will consider many questions per-

taining to the looting of mines and

other properties by Carranza’s mili-

tary organization, to the manufacture

of counterfeit money by Mexican offi-

cials, and to various petitions by indi-

v1duals who have suffered during the

recent revolutionary activities in Mex-

lCO. , ‘





Representatives of banking inter-





ests, and large exportrng concerns in'





this country are appealing through the

trade advisor of the British embassy

at Washington to obtain from the Brit--

lSh government concessions lessening

the mail censorship restrictions which

the state department has been unable

to obtain by diplomatic negotiations.





New York city traffic continues to.





be more or less seriously interrupted

by the carmen’s strike which started

September 6. Other unions have also

voted in favor of striking in sympathy

with the efforts of the car men to ob-

tain their demands. No violence was

reported Sunday, although sentinels

were posted throughout the city to

watch for, and report on all union

men riding on the cars.





The new $100,000,000 Canadian war

loan has been over-subscribed by $80,~

000,000. Small subscribers will be con

sidered first in the allotments. ‘





The owners of the Rock County Sug-

ar Co., of Bay City, are planning to re-

open the factory for handling next

year’s crop of sugar beets, and agents

Will be in the field shortly to contract

acreage.



Five expert lumbermen are to be.

sent to Europe by the bureau of for-

eign and domestic commerce to study

the _lumber markets and obtain infor-

mation to aid American concerns.





Urgent requests are being made by

exporting concerns of the United

States for direct cable connections be-

tween this country and continental Eu-

rope. This demand grows out of the

interference with trade communica-

tions by the British government out-

Slde of military necessity. Trade con-

cerns in this country hold to the opin-

ion that this interference is due to a

desire on the part of England to hold

in check the growth of American com~





merce direct with continental Europe. .





Exorbitant prices for paper and high

manufacturing cost has compelledthc

publishers of the Etude, of Philadel-





price to $1.50 per year.





 





 





Commission





 





 





 





 





to advance their subscription”
SEPT. 30, 1916.





w n A Valuable





TIME was, when the idea that the

birds a man has on his farm con-

stitute a valuable asset, would

have been laughed at as mere senti—

mentalism. But the work of the scien-

tific investigator has proved beyond

question what many students of nature

have long suspected. Any farmer who

is at all observing, can scarcely carry

on his out-of-door work without seeing

again and again, birds of various kinds,

at their beneficial work of destroying

insects and seeds of weeds and unde-

sirable grasses. More and more each

year, does it become apparent that the

larger the number of birds a farmer

has about him, the better is he protect-

ed from two of his most insistent ene-

mies—insects and weeds. In the light

of this fact, it behooves the farmer to

do everything in his power to keep the

birds on his farm and to attract others.

In dealing with this question, the

writer does not expect to advance any-

thing new, but simply to reinforce what

has already been shown many times

before. The birds yet have many ene-

mies among men, and the question

needs frequent airings, to keep it be-

fore the public. Thousands of farm-

ers, today, largely through ignorance

or thoughtlessness, perform acts while

at work in the fields, which result in

the death of young birds and in the

driving away of the old ones. In pro-

tecting the birds about any place and

in attempting to attract others and in

crease their numbers, three important

steps should be taken:



Perhaps first of all, comes the war

with the English sparrow. This Old

World pest is one bird that is plainly

not beneficial. Not only this, but the

English sparrow drives away the real—

ly desirable birds. Swallows, robins,

and many other song birds have been

known to desert a neighborhood be-

cause of the presence in large numbers

of the English sparrow. Wheat and

corn fields suffer greatly, at times,

from the ravages of these imported

pests. They can hardly swallow the

ripened corn, but often raise havoc

with the green product, spoiling the

upper half of the ear. These sparrows

are a nuisance around the barn and

hen—house, nesting over the doors, eat-

ing the grain fed to the chickens, and

assisting in the distribution of lice by

roosting in the hen-house and other

out-buildings. A man with a gun is the

best remedy for the English sparrow

nuisance. They soon get wise, when

shot at, and finally disappear altogeth-

er from the premises.



Perhaps the second factor in protect-

ing and attracting the birds, is found

in proper care as regards the number

and range of cats. In some cases this

question seems to be a rather. delicate

one. Often favorite house pets are no-

torious bird hunters, and are let to

roam at will and slaughter hundreds of

birds in a single season. It is argued,

too, that cats are useful and indispen-

sable about farm buildings. Granting

this, it yet must be admitted that thou-

sands of tramp cats and useless cats

run at large throughout the country,

killing each summer, a countless num-

ber of beneficial song birds. Some writ-

ers have even gone so far as to advo«

cate a law that would not only exterm-

inate the tramp eat, but that would

compel all owners of cats to restrict

their range during the nesting season

of song birds. Man is prohibited from

destroying these birds. Why not pro-

hibit his cat from destroying them?



The third important factor in bird

protection is the elimination of the red

squirrel. Now the red squirrel is one

of the most deadly enemies of birds.

Furthermore, he is in himself, abso-

lutely useless. More than this, he is

mischievous and often does much harm

about the farm buildings. As a robber

of birds’ nests, the red squirrel has few

equals. Treat him as you do the Eng-

lish sparrows. Shoot him on sight,

and do the birds a good turn. His pres-

ence bodes ill for the birds about your

place.



In addition to these three primarv





THE MICHIGAN'FARMER





Farm Asset





steps to be taken if you would make

the birds welcome and secure, there

are certain minor factors well worth

noting. Without encouraging slovenli-

ness, let it be said that it is possible

for a farmer to clean his fence-rows

and out-of-the way places too clean. If

you find a bird nesting in a clump of

bushes, let the bushes stand. The birds

will do more good than the bushes will

do harm. Do not wantonly destroy a

bird’s nest at any time. If it is possi-

ble to avoid this calamity to the feath-

ered folk, do so. With the passing of

the rail fence, less room is left for the‘

birds. Wire fences kept clear of all

brush, leave no room for the bush-lov—

ing birds. A clump of bushes now and:

then, iii an out-of-the-way corner, will

prove a drawing card and give you

more birds.



Another minor factor is found in the

construction of boxes to attract certain

kinds of beneficial birds, notably the

bluebird, the martin, and the wrem

These birds may be drawn to a place

by the construction of boxes adequate

as nesting places. Keep the English

sparrow away, and most of the boxes

will be occupied by bird families, each

summer.



Still another minor factor in the

question under consideration, consists

in the feeding in winter, of the birds

which remain with us during the cold'

months—namely, the wood-peckers, the

chick-a-dee, the gold-finch, the blue jay

and in some instances, the quail. The

quail which is one of the most bene-

ficial of all our birds, is sometimes

hard pressed for food, during ice

storms and deep snows, and will wel-

come corn or wheat from the farmer’s

granary.



With the foregoing factors in mind,

make an effort each year, to augment

the bird asset of your farm. It will

pay you a hundred fold. Befriend the

feathered folk, and they in turn, will

do you many a good turn worth dollars

and cents to you in your farming op«

erations. J. A. KAISER.





GOOD SEED PAYS.





 





The accompanying illustrations are

from photographs taken in a field of

beans grown by Dwight Locke, of Tus-

cola county. The larger of the two

cuts gives a View of the bean field

looking down the rows, showing a per-

fect stand and large growth of vines,

while the smaller photograph shows

Mr. Locke turning aside the leaves in

order that the photograph may show

the pods on the vines beneath them.



Mr. Locke attributes much of his

success in growing thirty-two acres of

such beans as are here shown, to the





which he paid $5.00 per busheL Later

he had opportunity to purchase more

seed which was grown on an island in

Lake Champlain, for which he paid

$5.25. The premium for these two lots

Was paid for the reason that they

were more free from disease than oth-

er samples which could be purchased

at a considerably lower price.



Mr. Locke states that many of his

neighbors thought he was foolish to

pay so large a price for seed beans,

but when they look over his crop—

which is variously estimated from 25





 





 





Mr. Locke Turning Back the Vines to

Show the Well-filled Pods.





to 30 bushels per acre—they concede

the wisdom of procuring the best seed

obtainable for this season’s planting.



Of course, good seed alone will not

grow a big crop of beans or anything

else under unfavorable conditions.

Good farming is quite as essential, but

good farming in other essentials with-

out this important factor of good seed

will not produce even a fair measure

of the results here shown, particularly

in a season when crop failures are

common. It is but another illustra-

tion of the fact. that if the farmer will

do the very best he possibly can, na-

ture is apt to reward him bountifully

even under unfavorable weather con-

ditions.





APPLY LIME IN THE FALL OR

SPRING.





 





The results of ten»year experiments

on about twenty-five fields scattered

through Missouri show an average re-

turn of $5.80 from applying about a

ton of ground limestone once in a

corn, oats, wheat, clover rotation. The





 





 





Looking Down the Rows in the Bean Field of Dwight Locke, Tuscola Co.





planting of the best seed obtainable.

Mr. Locke writes that he spared no

pains in securing good seed as free

from disease as possible. After look.

ing at the northern grown seed offered

in different localities, he purchased

some seed in Charlevoix county for





largest return was secured on clover,

second on corn, and lowest of all on

wheat. These tests seem to show that

about $3 a ton is about the highest

price that a man can usually afford to

pay for ground limestons for this pur-

pose. Of course, on a sour soil where





_ works it into the soil.





 





3—291





lime is absolutely necessary and

makes the difference between a clover

failure and a good stand, the lime has

a still higher money value.



About 1,200 pounds of lump lime, or

1,500 pounds of water-slaked lime fur-

nish the equivalent of 2,000 pounds of

ground limestone for this purpose, but

the ground limestone is usually much

more economical to use. It should be

applied at the rate of about two tons

per acre under the average conditions

of these tests, but, of course, this de-

pends very largely on the sourness of

the land. Samples of the soil and of

the limestone to be used should be

sent to an agricultural experiment sta-

tion which is usually willing to exam-

ine the samples and make recommend-

ations based on them.



Lime is not really a fertilizer, al-

though it is sometimes called an indi-

rect fertilizer, that is a material which

indirectly helps the crop even though

it is not a plant food, as are manure

and good commercial fertilizers. It

should usually be applied either in the

spring before corn, or in the fall to

land that has been plowed for wheat.

The preparation of the seed bed then

It is sometimes

plowed under but it is usually better

to mix it with the surface soil. It

should not be used as top-dressing on

Wheat or other rotated crops although

sometimes so used on grass.



Mo. Exp. Sta. M. F. MILLER.





FALL PLOWING.





 





Farmers who have in view the sav-

ing of soil moisture, the destruction of

weeds, the aeration of the soil, and

the uniform distribution of labor, will

find fall plowing advisable under sev-

eral conditions. If this plowing is done

early, it gives plenty of time for the

furrow slice to become compact and

encourages the germination of weed

seeds, which will later be killed by the

hard frosts. As a general rule, most

grain crops do better on fall plowed

land, unless they follow some cultivat-

ed crop, such as corn or beans.



Heavy soils, especially those of a

clayey nature, are oftentimes benefit-

ed by late fall plowing, except they be

plowed when very wet, and sticky. If

plowed, when the furrow slice turns

over in a smooth, plastic condition,

more harm is done than good, for

when the slice is exposed to the sun it

cannot help but bake and be lumpy,

thus injuring the structure of the soil.‘

Besides heavy soils, land that is in-

fested with certain insect pests is of-

ten benefited a great deal by fall plow-

ing, many insects being destroyed by

late tillage of the soil.



It would be hard to make a definite

statement in regard to the fall plow-

ing of land for the following season’s

cultivated crops. Among farmers,

varying degrees of success along this

line have been obtained. Much of this

difference of success has been due to

differences in handling the soil the fol-

lowing spring. For the thoroughness

of preparation of the seed bed cannot

but help make a difference in the suc-

cess of the season’s crop.



It is true, however, that it is desir-

able to fall plow for cultivated crops

that are to be planted on sod land or

stubble land, especially if the latter

has received an application of stable

manure. This gives the sod a greater

chance to break down and decay and

allows the stubble furrow slice to

unite with the subsoil below. If stub-

ble land is to be left until spring be-

fore plowing, it should be disked early

in the season, in order to secure a

good, firm seed bed. H. W. HULBERT.





ALWAYS SIGN YOUR NAME.





 





Frequently inquiries are received

from subscribers who neglect to sign

their name or give their postomce ad-

dress. Such inquiries are not replied

to under our rules. To receive prompt

attention the enquirer must sign his

name and give his postoflice address.

The name will not be published if re-

quest for this omission is made.
\‘ .





fT-HE MICHIGAN "'FAR'MER





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





' , our bathroom with comfort in

' coldest weather. We did not have





I > make. In remodeling in house there





 





and installed a Caloric Pipeless

Furnace. Our house is large and

in the coldest weather we enjoy

comfort. We Were able to use





   

 





situation would seem to be in

order at this time.



_A meeting of the/Michigan Bean

Growers’ Association was held at

Grand Rapids, September 13-14. A

comprehensive report of the Michigan

situation right from the fields was of-





 

 





A- FEW words on the bean market





 

   

 

   

 





a single frozen pipe. We used less

fuel than we would with any other





 

 

   

 





is no better furnace.—E. L. Sindel.

Delta. Ohio.





 

   





 





fered by delegates and members from





 





 

 





with just one register. The





 

 





' WARM: All





 





 

 





 





This isOne of Thousands





of letters from satisfied users of the Caloric Pipeless Furnace

from all over the country. City convenience and comfort

are yours with very little expense.

your house up for pipes because the Caloric heats thoroughly





 

 





The Original Patented Pipeless Furnace





burns coal, coke and wood and is guaranteed to save 35% of

your fuel. In a short time it pays for itself. There are no

pipes to waste heat or cause a fire and the air in the house Is

kept in constant circulation which is an aid to your health.

The triple casing on the Caloric prevents .the cellar from

becoming heated, thus savmg produce and

canned goods. \._\





Installed In One Day

In Any House New or Old





Because there is only one hole neces-

sary to be cut, this furnace can be in-





trouble or inconvenience.

' guaranteed against defective ma-

terial or workmanship. If it

does not prove satisfactory let us

know and we shall make it

right. The firepot is guaranteed

for five years.



Ask Your Dealer or Write for FREE Book

If your dealer cannot show you the Caloric Pipeless Furnace.





send your name and address and we will immediately send you

our free book. Don't delay. Write now.





- The Monitor Stove 8: Range Co.

. _ sou Gesi St.





 

 

 





all the bean growing sections of the

state.



Market Director McBride furnished

. us with all the reports made by the

government, with a large amount of

information from the other bean grow-

ing states, together with a comprehen-

sive report upon general market con-

ditions of the dry beans, and the can

' article.



After careful consideration of the

statistical situation together with cost

of production, the unanimous opinion

was that the following prices must be

secured to make this year’s crop a

paying one:



October, $5; November, $5.15; Dec-

ember, $5.30; January, $5.50, mini-

mum.



Now, brother farmers, do not condi-

tions demand that we do as other

manufacturers do and have something

to say as to what our product shall

bring? If something is not done to

put farming on a higher financial

plane, it will not be long before suffi-

cient food cannot be secured at any

price.



If we see a remunerative price up-

on our product, and then cooperate,

and market the product as actually

needed, while the average price may

not be higher, the farmer will get his

share, and speculators will be largely

eliminated. The sad sight of the price

pounded down below a profitable basis

during the time that the bulk of the

crop is being marketed by the growers

only to be advanced to a high figure

later will be done away with, and in

its place will come a sustained lucra-

tive price at all times, and the boys

‘Will stay on the farms, and the food





 





 

   

 





You do not have to cut





 

   

 





 

   

   





   

   

   

 

 

 

 





   





Itis





 

 





 

   

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   

 

 





Cincinnati. Ohio





 





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale





$1000 Down Secures Farm

430 Bearing Fruit Trees





Hi acres on improved road. less than 5 miles to grow-

ing city ol‘Z'i.i}tK)zi11d Iii mile to \ illiage. Fine 2-story

10-rm.hou.~io. 45 ft. barn with silo and cellar. poultry

house. Owned and improved for rears by present

owner who has made money here and now is forced by

family reasons to soil at once. He will throw in 31‘.

horses, 3 co\‘.’<. hens, hogs. power sprayer, tools an 2

acres bonus. 3 acres corn, 3 acres potatoes and u lot. of

vegetables. hay. oats and alfalfa. 3410” takes all. For

details see page ll. “Sti‘outk Big Bunch of Bargains,"

copy frtw. E. A. Strout Farm Agency. Dept. 101,

13“ Nassau St. New York.





 





 





Farms Before buying, investigate Alabama farms.

They are unsurpassed by farms in any other

part of the (T. S. Fine climate; long farming season,

making two crops possible: good water and p enty of

it: mild winters: the stockmiin‘s haven—alum and

see. Lands from $7.50 to $40.00 per acre. Never again

so cheap. Let us show them to you. r'i .e.

H. . HUD - - - Livingston. Ala.





Nv





‘ ' — ' ' ‘ , . cultiv-

Fine Dairy Farm For Sale maggmcn,

in Michigan. stono rouds. school, etc. Modern Dairy

lmrn oquipped with milking machine, cows. horses

zindotherfarm stock. Farm tools and equipment.

'l‘hroo houses, milk house. barns. sheds. etc. Milk

routes and wagons. Price and terms reasonable. rare

bargain. Address Box-8187. in Care Michigan Farmer.





New Land,





in Gladwin and Midland Counties, Michigan. Well

located. Low prices and easy terms. Stanfield Bros.

(owners). 15 Merrill Bldg, Saginaw. (westside). Mich





 





 





I‘ARM FOR SALE. I oll'er for sale mv farm consist-

ing of 17“ acres located three miles East of Flint. It

is l.ll(' best form in (ienesne County. finely equippedfor

dnirying and handling registered stock; fine orchard;

two good houses: an ideal home for some one. Price





right and, terms easy.

J. E. BURROUGHS. - FLINT. MICH.





257 ACRE STOCK FARM 02$:gggggggl

$31) per acre. 100 others. Send for list). - Neville

From Agency. Phelps Bldg. Binghamton, New York.





 





 





' EX) acres clay loam. near]

uwnor wank lo nehrol level. no waste. good build!

ings, fruit, markets close: only 855 .

Fred A. Gleason. ‘ Green ville. Mich.





in Wayne. Macomb, Oakland or

small Farm wanl'd Livingston County. With stock

crops and implements preferred. Send price, termsand

fiili llfll‘Lll‘llllll’S, Ross Land (30.. 1002 Pciiohscot Bldg. Detroit:





 





235 Acres, 3% miles from Battle Creek, Mich. sold at

auction October 14th. For further paticularl,

address 0. Van Giesen, Owner, Battle Creek. Mich.





r .51) ' '

New York Sill. Farms .. Seameegegrwm

Henry S. Ogden. Walton. Delaware 00.. New York.





WANTED AN ‘DEA.Who can think of simple



_ nthingto atent? Protect

your ideas they may bring vou won t . Write for

“Needed Inventions" and “How to get Your Patent

and Your Money." RANDOLPH & (70., PATENT

ATTORNEYS, DEPT. 67, WASHINGTON. D. C





 





 





 





supply will be maintained.



The other bean growing states are

lining up with us and already have

been informed of our action. It would

seem to be only the plain duty of ev-

ery bean grower not to sell a bean be-

low the figures issued from time to

time by the association. Where there

is a will there is a way and while in

some cases it might work a hardship,

it is the duty we owe our business, our

families and ourselves.





The Jobber on the Job.





 





 





The Ounce of Prevention





Prevent injuries to your fruit trees NOW

-don’t have them girdled and killed by

mice or rabbits th is Winter. Put

an inexpensive



EXCELSIOR WIRE MESH GUARD

around each one. Can be set up in a moment and

taken off next spring. Galvanized—lasts for years.

Write for sizes and prices.





'wnlcfl'l' WIRE co" Dept.'l', wow". Mm. writer that if something could be done





to discourage the bean jobber from

. buying beans when conditions would

KITSELMAN FENCE , not justify his paying the association’s

1'th It Frag“ Honsamcmauufl scale, and cause him to shut, up

.5450 l‘artonvi STR°"°" P'G’T'G'" his bean shop until such time as mar-

‘3, Direct Made of Open Hearth wire, . . ‘ _

("'3‘ . it - heavily galvanized—”trons. ket conditions improve or the assoma-

‘ - tion reduced its scale, just as he does





M durable, long-lasting, rust-re-

1112’“ sisting fence. Solddirect to the

‘ ' Farmer at: wire mill prices.



Here’satewotourbigvalucs: WllPl‘. he gets all the beans he wants

gamma: :33: 3:3;233; or for any other reason. It would re.

.. 48-i hP It Fence-27 cte.a rod. ' . _

.. ‘8’“?sz pri’c'és'gneaivmarbedwm. move temptation from a lot of con

Our big (.atalo Of fence values shows 100 styles servatlve (to use a very generous



term) farmers who seem rather to

take delight in putting a crimp in any

movement of this kind, and of whom





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

   





   

   

 





money—saving prices. Write r it to—day. It’s free.

KITSELMAN BROS. Box 218 ”uncle, Ind.





 





land heights of arm, Poulti? and Lawn Fence at

o





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





RITE FOR : - 0 there are enough toseriously hamper

: . - . ; o . those who are willing to ass1st, a1-

M . . _ . though the live ones are in a tremen-

PK “‘4 0... 25m”, m Brown dous majority: With the .idea of gain-

Fence already sold “490.000 ing the attention of the Jobber 1 pre-

farmers. Factory Prices, .

FreightPrepaidJBo style-a pared the followmg statement:





lac per rod up. Gates an

Steel Poets. tool Write postal.





IO 'INGI O WI“ 00.

‘- "01.;- . a”. 0 “mo...





To Whom it May Concernz—We,

the undersigned, having confidence

that the prices established for beans

from, time to time by the executive





 





BOOK 0N committee of the Michigan Bean Grow-

DOG DISEASES ers’ Association are reasonable and

And HOW to Feed are necessary to return a substantial

Mailed free to any address by profit to the grower, do hereby sever-

the Author ally and jointly agree that we will not



H. CLAY CLOVER CO., Inc. patronize in any way any dealer or





 





 





 





 





Dill mm 118‘West 318* Street, New York jobber who buys beans at a price low-





 





nine months equal tonew laid eggs. Simple, certain.

Sign“?! hi'ifitatréPonlltry departfmonita. Time ‘now if



8 01‘ ._ Dr 11 . a ocovers .en ozen son p05 - _, .

paid. ten centg. Ad'd‘iiess, Biethan. Blackfoot, Idaho. per to 1’0; ty farmers





 





er than the scale established by the

Fleming Igo Preserver.§;§t association.



In one half day-.Ppresented that pa—

Every farmer





 





 





The thought has occurred to the





 





‘ ism: 30, 1916. ,





Last year we remodeled our home





who saw it signed it. They were from

all parts of the county and representa-

tive of the best and most substantial

element in the business. I never cir-

culated a paper that met with such an

enthusiastic reception. I could easily

secure one thousand farmers’ signa«

tures in this county.



If the reader of this is in sympathy

with this movement I believe he can

assist in no more effective way than

to in some way express to his elevator

man an emphatic request that he keep

out of the bean market when the price

is “unfair.”



Now is an exceptionally favorable

time for the farmer to assert himself.

The war in Europe, the high prices for

all food products, especially those

which compete with beans and the

general anxiety at the “away from the

farm” movement makes his position a

strong one from every standpoint.

Will you help to bring home the

bacon?



A. B. COOK,

Pres. Mich. Bean Growers’ Assn.





COST AND PROFIT IN GROWING

PEAS.





I am writing for information on (1)

the cost of growing peas for the can-

nery; (2) the average yield of peas;

(3) the price paid the grower; (4) the

value of the pea straw if any; (5)

whether or not two crops may ordinar-

ily be grown in one season. Any in-

formation on the above points will be

gratefully received.



Calhoun Co. C. C. M.





Last year my peas averaged nearly

$50 per acre; this year they have av-

eraged less than $10, but I don’t think

it would be fair to average these two

years and say the average crop is $30

per acre. And yet, last year was much

more than an average. It was a big

crop. It might be called a bumper

crop. Hence possibly $30 per acre is

high enough for the average year. Be-

sides this, we have the pea vines for

silage and pea vines make good silage

0r.if one has no silo the vines can be

cured for hay and would make a good

substitute for clover hay, but there is

considerable work to be reckoned with.



The cost of a crOp of peas up to har-

vesting is no greater than with a crop

of wheat or cats, except the seed. This

seed item is considerable as it takes

three to four bushels per acre at $2.50

per bushel. The harvesting is very

expensive. The cost comes in hand-

ling the green crop. They must-be

hauled to the viner and this must be

close by. A few miles’ haul makes the

cost prohibitive. Even on my farm,

where we have a viner station, the

cost is great. But the vines in a meas

ure offset some of this expense. I am

not competent to say what they are

worth. It would take a very careful

experiment to determine their value.



The average price for peas is two

and one-quarter cents per pound for

the green shelled peas delivered at the

factory. Most canning factories grade

the peas and pay different prices for

different grades, but the average is

about two and one-quarter cents per

pound.



Ordinarily I don’t think it is prac‘

tical to figure on growing another own

the same season after peas. Some

years it can be done. But all condi<

tions must be just right. First there

must be plenty of labor at hand to pre-

pare the ground for this second crop.

Ordinarily it is hardly available. Men

and teams are needed for other crops.

The work must be done without delay.

Second, there must be sufficient mois.

ture at that time of year to start the

second crop and grow it. Many times

there is not. Third, there must be a

late fall. An early frost will ruin any

crop we can grow. If these three con-

ditions are favorable, labor, moisture

and a late fall, then we can grow a

crop of ensilage corn, a crop of buck~

wheat or a crop of late potatoes that

will make excellent seed potatoes.



- COLON C.- LI‘ZLIE.





 





 





E

i

i

f.

I





if

K

t
SEPT. 30, 1916.





{Vhich '1 Apples are Popuilar? »





N looking over a report issued by

I the government under the super-



vision of the Department of Agri-

culture,» I was surprised at the magni-

tude of the apple business of the whole

country, and also surprised to find, by

actual tests by demand, which are the

most popular apples raised as indicat-

ed by the prices at which they were

sold during the season of 1915—16.





In the whole country it is reported





that there was 76;670,000 barrels of





apples raised. Of this large amount of

excellent fruit raised in 1915, 43,117,000

barrels were sold in the markets, 15,-

000,000 barrels consumed on the farm

as food for humans, and 11,330,000 bar-

rels were wasted on the farms or eat-

en by live stock, and 7,000,000 went for

cider.



One surprising thing is the state—

ment that at the prices for which ap-

ples sold last year, so many would go

to waste. It looks as though a large

number of apple growers did not be-

stir themselves and get what that

eleven (and over) million barrels

would have sold for in the markets.

The actual loss may have reached ten

million dollars.





To a Michigan man the statement

that there were more Ben Davis ap-

ples raised in 1915, than any other va-

riety, is asurprise. About one-seventh,





THE-MIC‘HI





itable than many other varieties that

sell for a better price. N. A. CLAPP.





THE STATE FAIR-FRUIT SHOW.





 





There is no building on the State

Fair grounds which attracts as much

attention as the Horticultural Build-

ing. This year it was especially at—

tractive as the fruit exhibit was larger

and the arrangement of the large coun-

ty exhibits better than ever before.

The quality of the fruit was especially

good and although the season is from

two to three weeks late the lack of

color in the fruit for this time of the

year was not especially noticeable.



The greatest interest was centered

on the county contests. Heretofore

Oceana county, with very few excep-

tions, was undisputed winner of first

premium, but this year the contest be-

tween Oceana and Oakland counties

was so close that none could guess

which would obtain first premium. Af-

ter careful scoring Oceana nosed out

by two points and again took the blue

ribbon, its points of superiority being

in its artistic arrangement.



The Oceana county exhibit was at

the south end of the building. It was

placed on a big, well arranged em—

bankment. The design consisted of a

penant with the word “Peace” worked

out in apples of a different color. Oak-





 





 





 





A View of the orchard of Luther Hall,





The production of





of Ionia county.

many crops of high grade fruit has proven the value of Mr. Hall’s unique

orchard methods. Mr. Hall raises bumper crops of pork and apples on

the same ground, forage crops for hogs being grown in the orchard.





 





or 14.5 per cent, were Ben Davis. Bald.

wins ranked second and Winesaps

third.



Here in Michigan we have entertain-

ed the idea that the Northern Spy is

the most universally popular apple

grown, and yet it is way down in the

list, there being less than four per

eent of the entire crop of that variety

grown last year. The Jonathan, Green-

ing, Rome Beauty, Wealthy and Grimes

all leading the Northern Spy.





Here in this part of Michigan there

are many carloads of Steele Red ap-

ples grown and sold to dealers in the

large cities in different parts of the

country, it is disappointing to notice

that such an excellent and profitable

apple which sells for the highest prices

of any of the popular winter apples is

not mentioned, and several of the in-

ferior varieties are given a place and

a standing among the quotations and

averages in the markets.





As to the prices at which the differ-

ent apples sold, we find that the Me-

Intosh leads at an average of $2.50 per

barrel; the Yellow Newton (Pippin)

second at $2.40; the Tompkins County

King third at $2.21; the Northern Spy

fourth at $2.05; the Gravenstein fifth

at $2.02; the Stayman Winesap sixth

at $2.00. Other varieties follow down

the line with the Ben Davis lowest at

$1.42.





As to the profits with the different

varieties, much depends on the produc-

tiveness of the varieties grown. The

Ben Davis, except in the extreme

northern portions of the country, being

a persistent bearer, may be more prof-





land county had their exhibit on

an embankment across the north end

of the hall. The embankment was a

straight one and the design was of a

rug effect with a large square center-

piece in which the words “Oakland

Fruits” were worked out with apples.

The Oakland exhibit was one of the

largest ever put up in the Horticul-

tural Building while the Oceana had a

much greater variety of fruits.

Oakland county is due much credit

for the fine exhibit she has made as

she gave the veteran prize winning

county the closest run for her money

she ever had. She also demonstrated

to the fruit growing and fruit consum-

ing public who saw the exhibits that

Oakland county is one of the widest-

awake fruit growing counties of the

state. She is forcing public attention,

by her activities to the fact that

some of the good Michigan fruit is

grown in the eastern part of the state.

Five other counties were in the con-

test and were placed as follows: Van

Buren, third; Berrien fourth; Kent,

fifth; Charlevoix, sixth; and Washte-

naw, seventh. The Van Buren county

exhibit was especially attractive be-

cause it showed the commercial pack

of some of the popular brands of high

quality fruit packed in that county.

There was a very good showing of

fruit in the single plate, dummy box

and commercial pack contests. Those

who won the most premiums in these

classes were Farley Bros., of Calhoun

county, in apples; Dickinson, of Ber-

rien county, in pears; Munson, of Kent

in grapes, and Hawley and Billings





GAN FARMER





' 'Lamco"

. Arctic

a Lambertur‘llc

A rctl'c with

stout rib.





 





Wear and Comfo t

Right Down to the Ground





Think how impossible it is for this Arctic to crack.

Those seven stout rubber ribs absolutely prevent it.

Then the heavy red soles—doubly protected sole and

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Boots and Shoes as sturdy as oaks.





V hEB'EE'EJOTVW'U-RE





will wear you long after “the cows come home," and

while they wear you they keep you in greatest com-

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Lambertville Footwear is made in four brands:

“Snag—Proof” (all duck), “Redskin” (red rubber

throughout), “L” Brand (duck vamp), and “Lameo”

(pure gum with ribs)——each full value and at reason-

able prices. If there isn’t a Lambertville dealer near

you, write us and we will see that you are supplied.

Send for booklet.





,- LAMBERTVILLE RUBBER COMPANY

Lambertville, N. J.





' ‘ Snag-Proof' '

Short Boot

heavy duck

throughout





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





LE





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(In other tauntriu duty added)





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HENRY SONNEBORN & co., INC.

Founded 1849 Baltimore, Md.~





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of Oceana, in plums and peaches





_ Garden and Field Beans, Votcb

ROSE N RYE grggdnrfi': t‘l-lggt W anted: Seed. Etc. Mail us samplel.

produced an average yield of 41.2 bushels per acre with- S. M' ISBELL & CO" Jackson. Mlchlxan.

out fertilizer. Very hardy, stools abundantly and the





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better than common varieties. Write to Secretary DORR D BUELL mira Michigan.

' 9 v





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F O R S A L E





A

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—-Bulbs for fall planting. Ask for Price list.

'23 each: 3229; ga$.c SeAId us your order. 8. It. ISBELL 8: 00.. - - Jackson. Mich.

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teed to increase vour yields. For prices and samples





 





 





 





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Per bu.

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YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO.. Owouo. Mich. write W. J. MERRIAM, Almont,MlchlgIn.
294- 6





Hillsdale Mich., Septu22, 1916.

Wm. E. Robb,



Sec’y of Citizens’ Mutual Auto



Ins. Co.,

Howell, Mich.

, .Dear Sir: .



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holding policy No. 11,713 of Citi-

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Company.



Awaiting your instructions as to

what further is necessary to do, I

remain, Yours very truly,



J. WHITNEY WATKINS.

JVVW;GC



The above letter shows why 13,-

000 members have joined the above

Company.





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





60% protein in our

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FEM: 371 WAYNE ST. JERSEY CITY, N. J.





     

 





 





Whys and Wherefores

of Fall Spraying





is the title of a little booklet, giving seven

reasons, official and non—official, why it is the

best time to spray. This booklet will besent

out by the B. (}. Pratt Co., 50 Church St.,

NeWYork, manufacturers ofthc chI~known

“SCALECIDE”ataveryearlydate. Ifyou

are not on their mailing list, send them a

postal today giving the number of your trees

and your dealer’s name and you will re«

ceive a copy free. Address Dept. 22.





M1 NERALW

CHI“ N H EAV 32ers

Corr. COMPOUND





teed to

back. $1 Package sufficient for ordinary cases.

IIIEMI. HEAVE IIEMEDI ca. 463 fourth Ave" Pliisburg. Pa.





 





 

 

 

   





 





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I will condition a Horse or





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Put flesh on its bones. Give it life

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P. M. FAUST, BRYN MAWR, PA.





For Sade

AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE





running 985% pure. _'l‘his lime is in ideal condition for

(applying to the soxl, either mechanically or by hand.



rite for Dru-es in car lots or in small ( unntities.

E. I. du l’ont do Nemours & Co., Bay City, Michigan

send sample and full particu-





Write to office nearest you.





lars.

LAKE SHORE STONE COMPAI‘Y.

Muskegon. Mich“ and Benton Harbor. Mich.

at World's Origin-.1





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Write today for free catalog.



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BUY YOUR FEED IN CAR LOT§





We can save you money. Write for prices delivered





to your station.

RANDOLPH. HALL & YOUNG. Owosso, Mich.

m ~ ——-—-—-—-—_..~





B. L. K. MlLKEllS-EOR SALE





 





 





Pulverized lime rock for “sour"

soils. Write for LOW PRICES

DIRECT TO YOU and we will





 





 





._ ‘hogs.





 





THE MICHIGA





ANY corn belt farmers harvest

a portion of their corn crop by

letting their hogs do the work.



This practice of hogging oi‘f corn has

been in vogue in a limited way for

many years, but until recently it was

considered by many as a lazy man's

way of taking care of the crop. It was

also claimed that it was not good for

the hogs and that a large portion of

the corn was wasted.





But men’s ideas have now changed

somewhat in regard to this practice,

and from the experiments and actual

field tests made by the experiment sta-

tions and farmers throughout the corn

belt it has been proved that the bene-

fits are numerous and more than off-

set the objections that present them-

selves. Where scientific methods are

employed, the hoggingdown of.corn

has proved of great benefit to all corn-

growing farmers, and many of the

most successful raisers now fatten

their hogs in this way. In nearly ev-

ery case on record it has been found

that it will return as much for the

corn while standing on the stalks as it

will when the same corn is husked

and cribbed and later fed out. to the

And any method that will bring

the same amount of money that the

same produce, plus a certain amount

of labor, will bring through the regu-

lar channels, is undoubtedly profitable.

The labor problem is perhaps the

main factor in favor of hogging down

a portion of the crop. Corn harvest-

ing when done in the usual way, and

especially if the acreage is large, re-

quires an immense amount of work

and a correspondingly large number of

men; and unless the hands are avail-

able the harvesting of the crop in

good shape is almost impossible. At

corn husking time farmers usually find

that it is not a mere matter of the

outlay of money required to obtain effi-

cient labor, for help cannot be obtain-

ed when wanted, no matter what the

pay. Under these circumstances, if

the hogs can be put to work profitably

in the corn field, why not employ

them?



Of course, to be profitable, the oper-

ation of hogging off corn must be man-

aged properly. For one thing the hogs





at one time, for if they have more to

eat than they can handle they natural-

ly will waste some of the feed. For

ibest results from a large field, a tem-

iporary fence should be provided so

that the hogs can be limited to about

the area that they will clean up in a

week or ten days. In this way they





time, and will clean up. the field as

they go. Do not remove them to a

fresh patch of corn until the first is

thoroughly cleaned up. After the corn

that the shotes have been able to

break down is eaten up it is well to

take a pole and drag over the patch,

and in this way the animals are able

to get all of the feed. It may be nec-

essary to feed lightly for a couple of

days at the last. Woven wire fencing

of from 36 to 40 inches in height is

the most economical for fencing 01f

portions of the field. Stakes placed

every two rods will serve as posts to

support the fence, if stretched tight

and fastened to solid end posts. Two

men can move forty rods of such fence

and restretch it in less than half a

day.



Spring shotes, those weighing from

75 to 125 pounds, will make the best

gains in the corn field. Before turn-

ing the shotes in, they should be ac-

customed to the new corn ; this can be

done by feeding some new corn every

day with their regular feed. The

amount of new cOrn should be gradu-

ally increased for a week or ten days,

at the end of which time the shotes

will be ready to go into the field and

help themselves.



It is important that the hogs should

have access at an abundance of water

as well as shade. Clover or cowpeas





 





Having disposed of my dairy herd I will sell 3 B. L. K.

Milken and complete equipment. Geo. A.True, Armadnflich.





\





must not. be allowed too much range





will have fresh forage from time to





N FA'R‘MER





Hogging Down Corn





adjoining the corn field is an ideal

range for h‘ogs. Some farmers who

aim to hog off corn saw some forage

crop in the corn at the last cultiva-

tion, such as rape, rye, soy beans, etc.

These crops furnish green feed and-

are also excellent, for variety in the

diet. The green crop is not always

eaten by the hogs while on full feed

of corn, but they will make some good

use of it, and afterwards it makes a

good soiling crop and helps to hold

the manure left by the hogs during

the winter, if the field is to be put to

corn or oats in the Spring. If the field

is cleaned up early enough, it may be

disked two or three times and sown

to wheat with a disc drill.

Indiana. W. F. PURDUE.





SHEEP IN MICHIGAN.





 





(Continued from last week).





Difficulties to be Met.



There is the dog nuisance which

should receive the attention of our law-

makers. If sheep are destroyed by

dogs the farmer who meets with the

loss should be fully paid for all dam-

ages and no cutting down of values to

favor friends or foes. At the present

time the wire fence and shot-gun for

stray dogs is about the only redress.



Near small towns and villages it is

practically impossible to keep sheep

without enclosing them in a high wire

fence at night. The worthless dogs

that are kept in town gather in packs

and reconnoiter the country. At night,

and when they get a taste of the sheep

they make sad havoc by not only kill-

ing some members of the flocks visited

but seem to have a mania for biting all

the different ones they can get near

enough to bite. Not ten per cent of

the sheep bitten by dogs recover. When

a pack of dogs get into and at a flock

of sheep they are pretty sure to mac

tically ruin it. Farmers are justified

in using a shot. gun when one or two

tramp dogs that roam the fields come

on'to their premises. If the dog nui-

sance could be gotten rid of, many

more would venture in the business of

keeping sheep in small numbers at

least, on their farms.



Internal Parasites.



Another menace to the sheep raising

business is the internal parasites.

When sheep are kept on the same

farm and pastured on the same field

year after year, the lambs are quite

liable to be bothered with stomach

worms. Changing pastures often in

summer is a good plan, as the whole

flock will eat more and thrive better.



Our Duty.



It is our duty to encourage sheep

raising in Michigan. Sheep are scav.

engers that clean the odd corners of

weeds and bughes and make liberal re-

turns for the privilege of doing the

same. They are the animals that pay

best on the farms in remote portions

of the state which are a long way from

market. The year’s product of wool

can be hauled a long way once a year

at a little expense. The mutton sheep

can be driven to the shipping points at

little expense and a very small shrink—

age in weight. The income from wool

and mutton can be made large, and as

it represents two crops a year it will

meet the needs of the farmers in sup-

plying money for expenses and im-

provements.



It would be well for many who are

keeping cows and have to haul the

milk a long distance, and who are cry-

ing out for better prices to enable

them to meet the heavy expenses for

feed and labor, to consider the matter

of keeping sheep-instead of cows. One

man can look after and care for five

hundred sheep the whole year While

it requires a man to about every ten

cows with the dairy. If the matter

were to be looked at from all angles,

and properly considered, there would

be a revival of. interest in' the sheep

business in a short period of time.



Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





SEPT. 30, 1916. .





. THE MILK CAMPAIGN.





 





(Continued from page 290).

prices include the milk sold to the 301's

den Condenseries, as well as to the

distributors in the city:





October ............ $1.90

November ........... 2.00

December 2.10

January ..... . ...... 2.10

February .......... . 2.10

March ......... 1.85





This makes an aVerage again of $2

for the six months, a raise of 22 cents

per hundred over the prices paid for

the same time last year.



Some of the condenseries in Michi‘

gan are now offering to their patrons

a six-month schedule of prices that av-





erage‘ the six months of $1.85 per

hundred.





The wholesale price of Borden’s

Eagle Brand Condensed Milk, accord





ing to their own quotations, is as fol:

lows:





January 1, 1915, per case net. . . .$5.65

December 4, 1915, per case net.. 5.90

January 5, 1916, per case net. .$6.00



Just look at your statements milk





producers, and see What schedule of

prices were handed to you at these

dates. Just look and see if your prici

es advanced the first of May. Nothing

said in this about the buyer waiting to

see what he could afford to pay. Noths

ing said in this about selling at the

buyer’s price and the buyer’s test and

the buyer’s time, .and the buyer’s

weight.



Milk producers of Michigan, your

own organization appeals to you. As

you love your homes; as you love your

wife and children; as you care for the

future of this nation; as you under"

stand your patriotic duty along all

these lines that appeal to the true

American, we ask you to be zealous in

this campaign against a monopoly that

threatens the life of this industry that

you represent.



We thank you for your splendid co-

operation in the past. But this is the

time to keep busy. We plead for your

co-operation now and in the future.



R. C. REED,

Field Secretary.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





The first annual meeting of the Am-

erican Milking Shorthorn Breeders’

Association was held Wednesday, Sep-

tember 6, in the live stock pavilion at

the Minnesota State Fair. The asso.

ciation is growing rapidly, and the

prospects for the future are brighter

than at any time since its organiza-

tion. The membership numbers 53,

and includes the University of Nebras-





ka, the Georgia State College of Agri-

culture, and the Michigan Agricultural

College. One hundred and seventy-six

head of cattle have been registered,

and there are many herds under test,

to be registered as soon as they have

made the necessary milk records. The

following officers were elected for the

coming year: President, Prof. Thos.

Shaw, St. Paul, Minn; vice-president,

John Logsdon, Waterville, Iowa; sec.

retary, E. A. Willson, St. Paul, Minn;

treasurer, D. E. Willard, St. Paul,

Minn.





Following the settlement of the

threatened national railway strike, sev-

eral days were required to bring about

a return to normal conditions, for the

prices had suffered, especially for cat—

tle of the general descriptions, while

cattle and hogs had accumulated in the

Chicago stock yards in unusually large

numbers. Prime heavy corn-fed beef

cattle were the first to return to pre-

vious high values, and a consignment,

of prime extra heavy cattle brought.

$11.50 per 100 lbs. on the Monday fol‘

lowing the strike settlement, this be-

ing as high as any cattle had sold at

the highest time. Prime hogs also re

turned to their former high levels, with

a lively local and shipping demand as

soon as the accumulations in the stock

yards were disposed of.





The distant ranges are shipping out

greatly increased numbers of lambs,

and Omaha gets a liberal share, espe-

cially feeders. Feeding lambs have

been selling on the Chicago market at

$10 to $10.25 per 100 pounds for the

bet lots, but sales have taken place up

to $10.60 in Omaha. There is an active

demand for breeders in the Chicago

market, but their scarcity and dear-

ness check sales, prime yearling breed~

ing ewes having sold as high as $10.50

per 100 lbs.
SEPT. 30, 1916.





AUTHENTIC FIGURES ON COST OF

MILK.

(Continued from first page).

was produced at the lowest price per

quart of any, the figure being 4.3 cents.

The second group yielded an average

of 3,700 ‘quarts, costing 4.5 cents, while

the third group of 3,300 quarts, ap-

proaching more nearly the perfor-

mance of common farm dairies, but

still superior to them, turned out a.

product at five cents.





Objection has been made to the

high depreciation charged, but this is

defensible on the ground of almost

certain losses which overtake the

dairyman from year to year. For ex-

ample, in case of the next set of fig-

ures presented, the herd was assumed

to be more valuable at the end of the

year than at the beginning and this

“appreciation” was credited to the ex-

tent of $.136 for every hundred pounds

of milk produced that year. Two years

later the herd was found to be tuber-

cular and slaughtered, with a heavy

loss to the owner. Where in any for-

mer calculation had he provided for

this eventuality?



As a matter of fact, accounts from

this farm are kept by the Office of

Farm Management, Washington, D. C.,

from whose records I take the follow-

ing summary for 1912:



Number of cows, 30; total expenses,

$4,467.62; average cash receipts per

100 pounds for milk, $2.184; herd ap-

preciation for each 100 pounds of milk

produced, $.136; value of manure for

each 100 pounds of milk produced,

$.128. Total receipts 100 pounds of

milk produced, $2.448; total cost of

100 pounds of milk produced, $2.415.

.Profit per 100 pounds milk produced,

$.033.



Incidentally it will be noticed the

price of making each quart of milk on

the farm was in excess of five cents.





There is very little encouragement

to be taken from the foregoing data.

It must be admitted that dairying in

many cases is not a self—sustaining

business and that it limits or reduces

the profit on general farm crops. Of

course, there are many notable excep-

tions but this article, as inferred in

the beginning, has to do with condi-

tions as they affect the rank and file,

or average dairyman.



Meat, bread, clothing and in fact

everything that constitutes a necessity

of life, with the one great exception of

milk has advanced in price during the

last five years. Why this exception

and why has the consuming public any

right to expect farmers to sell a com-

modity below actual cost of produc-

tion? Nothing could be more logical

and necessary than a substantial in-

crease in the price paid a dairyman

for his milk.



Quality is a factor that must be tak-

en into account and upon which soon-

er or later all milk will be sold. Grades

must be established on the basis of

fat content and cleanliness, and much

more stress placed upon the latter

than is true of present regulations. A

farmer who equips himself at consid-

erable expense to produce milk under

sanitary conditiow and with low bac-

teria count must receive a compensat-

ing price, not according to his person-

al ability to secure as much, but rath-

er because he meets a recognized

standard.



Very few are awake to the import-

ance of the milk situation. Somewhat

prophetic, however, is the recent his-

tory of beef cattle, sheep and hog rais—

ing, which, on account of low prices,

drove so many out of the business that

a shortage in our meat supply has oc-

curred and we are now paying exorbi-

tant prices for meat as a result of this

condition. The problem, then, is shall

we invite a repetition of this with

milk as the commodity involved ? Sure-

ly dairymen will not much longer con-

tinue in a losing business and condi-

tions must be righted so that the con-

sumer will be spared paying 14 or 15

cents per quart in the next few years,

instead of a just price now, which will





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





insure continued milk production at

fair prices.





 





GOOD CREAM PAYS BEST.





 





The American farmer who sells

cream should insist that the creamery

grade his cream. This will tend to cull

out the poor quality of cream and

make possible a better grade of butter.

Give the creamery a good grade of

cream and they can make a good grade

of butter. Good butter sells for a high

price, therefore top prices can be paid

for the cream. Better cream prices

stimulate the farmer in obtaining bet-

ter dairy cattle and increase the de-

sire for a more careful study of eco-

nomical milk production.





The close grading of cream has be-

come absolutely necessary. Within

the last few years creamery butter of

the United States has been meeting

with greater competition from foreign

butter. Butter from Siberia, Australia,

Denmark and South America has come

to our shores by the ship-load and sold

in our large markets alongside Amer-

ican made butter. It has poured into

the United States on both the eastern

and western coasts.





Imported butter does not reach our

markets in as fresh condition as our

own butter, consequently the majority

of it sells as second grade. In many

cases it leaves the point of production

as a first-class article, but is so long in

transit that it deteriorates and arrives

as second-grade butter. Unfortunately

the majority of American made butter

is also second grade. This is not be-

cause it cannot reach the market at

once, but because it is made from a

poor quality of cream. The American

farmer is not producing as good qual-

ity of cream as his foreign brother.





First-grade butter is still in big de-

mand in this country and the produc-

ers of good butter are realizing a nice

margin in price over the producers of

second-grade butter. Because of for-

eign competition with our second-grade

butter the difference in price between

first-grade and second grade is wide.

Foreign competition has not materially

increased the supply of first grades,

while the supply of seconds has been

increased tremendously.





Because of our poor markets for sec-

ond-grade butter the farmers in every

community should compel their cream-

ery to grade the cream, and should do

all in their power to see that every

farmer produces only first grade cream.

Then, and only then, will that cream-

ery be able to pay top prices for cream.



Mo. Col. of Ag. L. G. RINKLE.





 





DAIRY PROBLEMS.





 





A Permanent Pasture.





I have a field that we cut oats from

this year and we want to make a per-

manent pasture of. What would you

sow there? There is a little white

clover on it now but there was no

grass eed sown in the oats. Is there

something I could sow this fall?



SUBSCRIBER.





It pays well to go to considerable

trouble and expense in preparing for a

permanent pasture. This field should

be plowed at once and thoroughly fit-

ted. It should have been plowed as

soon as the oats were harvested. I am

not sure but it will be best now to wait

until spring to seed this field for per-

manent pasture. If we have a late fall

and the work is done at once, it may

work out all right to seed now (Sep-

tember) but there should be no farther

delay as the grasses should have time

to make a sufficient growth this fall to

enable them to withstand the winter.



Prepare a good seed bed. Better

than you would for wheat. Then seed

to a variety of grasses. The following

is a good mixture: Red-tOp, 4 lbs; or-

chard grass, 5 lbs; timothy, 4 lbs; al-

sike clover, 2 lbs.; red clover, 3 lbs;

white clover, 1/2 lb.



It will pay to manure the land well.

If you haven’t the stable manure then

use 300 to 500 pounds of fertilizer.



~ COLON C. LILLIE.





FREE





If on keep cows you “

ought to write forthis book





to all

owners

of cows





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





twenty.





cal nature of its contents:





"How aDairyman Made Good”—

a real story of a real farmer, who start-

ing with almost nothing, built up a fine

dairy herd and made a big success.





“Year Around Feeding of Dairy

Cows”—by an authority whose advice

is well worth heeding. The importance of

proper feeding deserves more attention from

every cow owner.





“How to Judge a Dairy Cow. ”—

shows by illustrations what points to look

for in a dairy producer—explains the es-

sential qualifications of a good dairy cow.





to Test Cows," etc.





post card, mentioning this paper.





Separator is





Name





HIS book was written for the

man with only two cows just as

much as for the man with

In it has been gathered to-

gether a great fund of valuable in-

formation on subjects which are of vital

interest to every cow owner. And while the

various phases of dairying are treated by the best and

highest authorities, it is not a technical treatise but is written ‘

in plain every-day language so that even the children can understand it.

Here are just a few topics that will give you an idea of the practi-





Then there are splendid articles on “Alfalfa," "Ventilation of Dairy Barns,"“Breeds of

Dairy Cattle," “Improving the Herd with a Good Bull," “Care of Freshening Cows, How

Numerous dairy rations, suitable for various sections of the country,

are given, and various milk and dairy tables as well as tables of weights and measures, Sllo

capacities, etc. that every farmer has occasion, at some time or other, to refer to.





Thousands of dollars have been spent in the preparation of this book, and if you

keep cows you certainly ought to write for a copy and read it .from coyer to cover. The

book is absolutely free. just fill out the coupon or send the information requested on a





The De Laval Separator Co., 165 Broadway, New York





Please mail me, postage free, a copy of your New Dairy Handbook. 1 keep

I sell cream, make butter, sell milk (cross out 'w/zz'c/Lever you don’t do).





 

   

 





pages

of good

COW sense





"Building Up 0 Dairy Herd”.—

a practical breeder gives some sound adVice

on this important subject.





“The Farm that Won’t Wear Out”

—shows that the farm where cows are

kept, and the fertility returned to the soil,

improves instead of deteriorates.



“The Care of Cream on the Farm”

—quality is as important as quantity. It

costs little and brings big returns.



”Silos and Silage”-one oi the best

chapters in the book. Full of silage facts

that every farmer ought to know.





cows

The make of my





 





years





, used





 





Town

106





 





State





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





-to produce more milk than any other ration fl





either homemixed or purchased and do it

Without swing your cows constipation or

udder trouble. Ready to use right out of the

sack Without any mixing.





 





   





55





Absolutely free from adulterants and fillers, just

like the feed you would mix for yourself,is a special

combination of chmce cottonseed meal. dried beet

pulp, gluten feed,corn distiller-3' grains,wheat bran,

wheat middlip sand a little salt, that’s all; each in-

gredient Weig ed_ b automatic scales and all

thoroughly mixed in age power driven mixers, so

that it is always absolutely uniform. and al ways

8 . An extraquart or twoof milk dail from each

COWmay turn a loss intoa profit.Try LA RO-FEED

for more rofita. Sold on ”tyranny heir it not uiisligf' .

plan, the sermon being entirely up to you.



Ask your local dealer. Write us if none near you.





 

 





. 300 New York St.





 





ms unow: mums ca. 1055 Giflcspil Elli. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





 





Most tankage manufacturers





. please you.





 





 





.«if ’ .





guarantee the analysis of their di-

gester tankage. But we do more—~w

we return money and freight charges:

if our brand of tankage does not“

See General Catalog.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





More Silage}





-When You Have





   

 





O S o

EXTENSION’ROOF CLOSED





Yes. you can have more and better silage. Our

modern. reliable. practical roof is a proven success.

It. turns waste space into dollars.



Mr. E. F. Baker, Allegany Co., N. Y

"sure the roof did not cost me an

want to show on how he. figured.

silo filling time is nearly here.





SHEET METAL SPECIALTY co.

Goahon, lndlanl

300 Ann Ar. Sav'go Bk. Bldg“ Ann Arbor. Mlch.





 





. says. “I

hing." We

rite today-





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ll I I E 1 M»





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PREVENT! SPREAD 0F EDITAEIIIIIS DISEASES. Increased

milk yield quickly pays cost. Saves labor, saves feed.

Write today. Also for Catalogue No, 9, if interested



in stanchions, stalls. carriers. etc. Sent free. .

. c.A. LIBBEYCO.. 7 J. 5"... Oshkosh. Wlo.





 





 





 





 

 





 





< Back: this



. '1 llartzicrl look



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/" Only $7.90 aaw frame to whic

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296---8





 





THE MICHIGANIFARMER‘





The Food Value of Milk





By FLOYD W. ROBISON





T is pretty generally acknowledged

I that milk is the only perfect, ani-



mal food which we have. In fact,

it is said by some that it is the only

perfect food of any description. But

there are certain deficiencies even in

milk, which prevent us from conced-

ing that even this article is a perfect

food.



Milk the Most Perfect Food.



The reason milk is considered to be

such an ideal food is because it has in

it all of the constituents which are

used by nature in building up the hu-

man system. To establish this argu-

ment it would simply be necessary to

recall to mind that for the first year

of a child’s life it receives practically

nothing but. milk; in fact, during the

first six months of its existence it re-

ceives absolutely nothing but milk.

Hence we must concede that milk is

an exceedingly well balanced food and

perfect in this respect, that it contains

all of the constituents on which nature

draws for building up the body. We

know now that milk is not an ideal

food exclusively for grown persons. It

is adapted for early life but not for

mature life exclusively; that is, it

must be supplemented by other foods

which contain some of the same con-

stituents which milk contains, but in

greater quantities than is found in

milk. Nevertheless the fact remains

that milk may constitute one of the

chief articles of diet even for adults

through the entire period of human

existence.



Skim-milk Itself as Valuable and as



Cheap as Beef Steak.



We have observed briefly the value

of milk from the standpoint of its pro-

tein content. we have found it to be

as economical at the price of eight

cents per quart as practically any oth-

er animal food product, even when we

consider nothing but its protein con—

tent. We are likewise familiar with

the fact that the protein content of

milk is given very small consideration

indeed by the producer of milk pro-

ducts or by the consumer of milk pro-

ducts. Milk is very commonly valued

on its butter—fat basis, and in many in-

stances no consideration is given to

the protein or cheese content of the

milk. It is for this reason that we

have dwelt rather heavily upon the

protein value of milk. We might there.

fore, remove every trace of butter-fat

which milk contains and leave us sim—

ply skim-milk; we might then go to

work by chemical processes and re

move every trace of sugar there is in

the milk, leaving us a skim—milk free

from those constituents which still ex‘

ist in the whey when cheese is made.

In other words, a solution of nothing

but casein in water, and we would

have a product even then as valuable,

though we paid eight cents per quart

for it, as is round steak at 24 cents per

pound, sirloin steak at 28 cents per

pound, oysters at 50 cents per quart,

smoked ham at 30 cents per pound,

fresh fish at 16 cents per pound, eggs

at 30 cents per dozen, or mutton at

24 cents per pound.



But this is not all there is in milk.

The protein value while an important

value, fully as important as the lean





meat values of other animal food DI‘O‘,





ducts at the prevailing prices, still this

protein value is by no means the full

value of the milk. We find we have

yet the butter-fat value for which

creameries are paying upwards of 30

cents per pound and we still have the

sugar value which, while not generally

commercialized still is worth for food

purposes from five to ten cents per

pound.



One Dollar’s Worth of Milk Equals



Two Dollars Worth of Beef Steak.



If now we consider the value not

only of the protein but of the butter-

fat at its current price, and of the

sugar at its marketable price, we have

a startling condition showing what an

enormous advantage there is to be





gained by an incorporation of greater

quantities of milk in‘the menu. We

find, for instance, in studying the

amounts of real food values which can

be purchased for $1.00 that if we can

establish as our standard by compari—

son sirloin steak at 28 cents per pound

we will get slightly over twice the

food value in milk at eight cents per

quart, that we do in sirloin steak at

the price mentioned. In the case of

round steak the comparison is still

more favorable to milk. In the case

of mutton at 24 cents per pound we

get exactly twice the food value in

milk at eight cents per quart. In the

case of fresh fish at 16 cents per

pound we get six times the food value

in milk at eight cents per quart. In

the case of eggs, we get two and one-

third times the value in milk at eight

cents per quart that we do in eggs at

30 cents per dozen. In the case of

oysters, solid pack, at 50 cents per

quart, we get slightly over six times

the value in milk at eight cents per

quart. Smoked ham has only two-

thirds the value of milk with smoked

ham at 30 cents per pound.





In these comparisons we have not

given any consideration to the vege-

table products. A careful study of

money values would undoubtedly per-

mit the use of many vegetable foods,

reducing the animal foods thereby, but

there is a very decided taste develop-

ed among our people for animal food

products, a taste which we think is

well established and well founded

scientifically.



Apply Stock Feeding Principles in the

Human Diet.



And there is an entire lack of co-

relation of values as to which animal

food product can be considered most

economical, taking inioconsideration

at the same time the balancing of the

menu which is the thing our people

must study and learn, in the interests

of health. We have given considera~

tion for years to the study of the bal-

anced ration for stock. It is not nec-

essary nowadays to spend much time

arguing the advantages of the balanc-

ed ration with a dairyman. He knows

at once how many times the measure

of his success depends upon the estab-

lishing in his dairy herd of a rigid

balanced ration.



The Consumer’s Best Interests Lie in

a Well Paid Dairy Business.



Milk production has never been so

studied as it is being studied today. A

very few years ago when We advocat-

ed among dairymen the idea that they

must eventually secure at least five

cents per quart for their milk at their

door, many of the dairymen them-

selves felt that we were talking in

theoretical terms which they would

never be able to realize. Five cents

per quart for milk at that time meant

to the dairyman a. good, liberal profit.

He had not begun to consider the fac-

tors which other business men figured

for years in establishing their legiti-

mate profit. But with the demand for

a better product by the consumer, a

demand which we think is the con-

sumer’s right, farmers have been fore:

ed to inquire into the cost of the pro-

duction of their products and they

consequently have begun to realize

that if they are going to continue in

the business of milk production at a





profit they must get larger returns for

their finished product. At the same

time we feel that it is our duty to re-

mind the consumer that the dairyman

has a legitimate reason for increasing

the price of milk and when the con—

sumer has to pay 16 cents or over per

quart for milk, based on the present

current prices of other animal food

products which we have mentioned in

these articles, then she will be able to

see from a comparison of values that

milk is becoming expensive. But in

View of the prevailing prices of these

other animal food products she may

well afford to incorporate in the menu

increasing quantities of milk as long

as its cost to her does not exceed 16

cents per quart.





q.





SEPT.,30. 1916.





WINKHIJTIR





RIFLES AND CARTRIDGES

“SURE I USE until





I’ve been usin’ 'em'

,7} for a number of

years and expect

to continue to, as

they always do.

the business.”





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





{\Ask any dyed—in-the-;

wool sportsman about]

Winchester rifles and,

cartridges and that’s;

about what he’ll tell you. if

They are made in various '

sizes for all kinds of

shooting and you’ll get

them if you ask for





.

I4.~:ll!!" ,





Illlllllllul





I'll-"Ii“





"IL





   

 

 

 





 





. -._-_..._.* ~...—._~:....





, ,1, 11} ' it CutsIZOOYd.Z-Ft.llltcl11n0nellay





~37“





WlllcobowntodnnllMI-od

‘ ¢:g§(: ADJfl~ Does it clean and easy. too. The Martin also

‘13... ‘ throws pdterracesnn levees. Levels bumps



75> fills gullies. It: will do more of the kind of

work that means more rofi

land than any other mac ine made, mg)!”



drainage problem with them

0





7716'





Ditcher and Grader

Works In Any Soil

Ono 10 Us We want to make ‘

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on a Martin and Ietm you use it]

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§, member the Martin Is adjus e or any

5% 6" width cut. Reversible—throws dirt either side.

. § Ric strongly made of plowshare and will

last a lifetime. Ideal for road work.

" Writ. lor Book. We want to fell clyou the whole sto

We will make you an offer by whi you are absolute

guaranteed against dissatisfaction. Try writing us.





elf-W anomalous-1mm. Inc. 1111310 0mm. 1o. 1





 





 





- ‘ Smoke 0111 Skunk, Coon, opossum,

j. Mink, and other For Bearing Animals





Don t dig them out. or wast xme trapping. when

you can use a smoker and get rgame at once.





This Smoker is recognized by all who have used it- OUtfit UmSiStS 0f Smoker Graphite paste.

and winch extension nozzel. Price postpaid to any part of U. S. for $2.01 . Postpaid to Canada





20 cts extra. ()rdei one today on our guarantee

LYTLE AND 00,, Fredericksburg, Ohio.

tire patch that will save





KTITE

yvu time and money.

TIRE PATCH mitt:a it anybody can





a permanent tire





 





 





* Here’s a canvas-back





AUTOMOBILE REPAIRS





Every reader of the Michl an Farmer who owns an

automobile should subscri e for the Automobile



, Dealerand Repairerdfio pageillustrated monthly

repair N0 vulcanizingl-no tools. As easily devoted exclus'nely to the care and repair orthe

applied1 on the road as in your workshop. Eco- . auto. 'lf‘he Throutéle Deragtmen ’ilwntatlfilsfgve

nom1ca because you 0111 use as much as actually Rfififi'o ”“111 91‘“ “99 “3 93° "10“ m

n oowners and re a men which are answered



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on. Get complete outfita



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S len- unlimwmmmm

di for re airing rubber hints, 1, [z HORSES



waterbott on, etc. If your-dealer ' .



cannot sup ly you just send us at / hnhflfflls, "Chums. file's, Shrofl'hlns. 5"“:





a d-ollnr bililt sold



money back guarantyto 3,1332)? DORE D. BUELL. ml“. lchlun.



Yours today.



Locktlte Tire Patch 00.,



1024 Bellevue Ave. .. .

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FOR S ALE R istorod PorohoronSt-Jlionl. More:

1351 Fillies at much nblo prices." In-

spoction invited. P. L K ING l SON .thAI’ an! Ich





Y Ii dWeanling Stud Colts.

Percheron]... °“ .1 :3. andA a... 11.11....

set. E. J. ALDRICH. TE ONE A. HIGH.





Po heron nd Belgian

by "I. Flimflld a.“ Farm! 1101:0011. Shorzhorn Cattle

and Oxford Down sheep. H. B. Peters, Garland. Mich.

ELGIAN BABES—Breeding Does, Utility and I A k I I I ED ,.



mg ado P aheron Stallion. heav . birch. fromvltooo

at for ”le' “’50 Wh‘te' agar- oliriddrcu Box III-930. Mloh. Farmer. Detroit.





 





 





5 I .

HON EY “’ ”iiim‘éi‘m has





UH HUNT & SON. NSING, MICH





 





 





napedl greed

eyedEngliah Rabbits. 0. G. Bmett. Decatur. lch.
quality and will not exhibit.





 





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY ana

mronmarron





 





 





 





éwgzh’b)’





 





 

 

 

 





‘Dre FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





*1





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





STOOD beside a man when he was



handed a check for more than one



hundred dollars by the manager of

a fair association as a premium for the

best display of farm produce. Later I

heard him remark, confidentially, of

course, that it was easy money and

that most of the exhibit had been bor-

rowed from various farmers who knew

how to produce winning stuff. The ar-

gument, has been advanced that the

exhibits would fall flat if it were not

for these men, because the farmers of

the community cannot produce the

If such be

the case it is the duty of every official

and every booster for the county fair,





IlllllllllllI]!IIIIIIIIHIIHIIIIHIIIHI!!!ll!!!“NIHHHIIIIIHHIIlllHHIHHHIIll!lllllH!Ill!l!I!!!!!!Hl£H!I!£IHI£I!l|l!|||i!!!|||HHIHIHIIIIHIIHIIII!ll!!!l!!!!!l!ll!lH!ll!lI!!!H!l!!!|!!!l!!!lll!!!!!!llI!!!£!!!IIH!III£!!!!H!H!l!HI!!!![Hl!!!!!!!!!ll!!ll!!l!!!!!1Ill!!!H!!!IlI!!!£!|!!!l!!!!£|!!!ll!!l|!!!!l!!£!!!!££!! In”!!!





Planning a Fall Festival





By..WC





and he should make it his business, to

see that the farmers do exhibit. The

quality of the product is of secondary

importance for it will be improved as

the local men gain in experience

through exhibition and seeing what his

neighbor is doing along similar lines.

The very fact that the county fair

does not always live up to its oppor-

tunity has given rise of late years to

local fairs where the farmer can ex-

hibit without fear of the “string” men





SMITH.





and where his chief reward lies in the

pride of achievement. These local fairs

are valuable lessons in the art of pro-

duction and exhibiting. In communi-

ties Where they have been held for any

considerable length of time, men have

graduated from them into the ring of

state shows. Not only has this been

the case but the standard for the

Whole community has been raised and

a keener interest manifested in the

production of quality. Furthermore,





they provide a place of mutual interest

where farmers and stockmen of a com-

munity can get together on a common

ground and where the spirit of co~op-

eration can be fostered and maintain—

ed. If you have never held such a fes-

tival or fair in your community now is

an excellent. time to start.



One of the best assets that any

movement can have is a few real good

boosters. Given these a success will

come for they keep eternally at it. The

group of men who are interested in

the movement will meet a few rebuffs

and encounter some prejudice, but if

of the right stuff they will win out and

eventually receive the thanks of a com-





!£9!!£!!!!!£!!£!l!!!l!!!!ll!!ll!!!£lllllllllllllllll!Hill!|!||I!!|!!|£!||!!!!!l|||!!!!||||!|Illl!!!l|l||||lllllll|!||ll!!!IIIIIHIHIIIIIHHII!!!!l£!ll!£lI!!!lilllllllllllllllllllll





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





{The Kaiser and Gen. Von Hindenburg,





Geniuses of Teutonic Armies.





 





 





 





g ‘.





It: mew





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





:aAAKeu





 





 





The U. S. Battleship Memphis Grounded off San Domingo During a Gale.





 





 





in





New pre of Battleplane which Carri es Machine Gun and Torpedo Bombs.





Copyright by Underwood. & Undrwood N. f.
298—- 10





munity. The first year will be a little

difficult, for the average farmer shys

from'the new, but the succeeding years

will be easier. If you can possibly do

so; have your first festival or fair or

products show or whatever you choose

to call it, staged in your local village

or town. There will be objections to

this for the argument will be advanced

that the merchants will boost for ad-

vertising purposes, and they will. Let

them boost, that is the thing you de-

sire above all others. Moreover, they

will co—operate with you and I know

that in my own community the fall fes-

tival was made possible only by the

boosting of our local tradespeople. It

is probably true that they were repaid

for they drew the patronage from

those who had formerly come but sel-

dom to their town. They paid for the

programs and premium lists with their

advertising and offered individual priz-

es that were worth striving for and so

will your merchants when the proposi-

tion is properly explained and a closer

relation between country and town will

result.



There must be no entrance fees and

no charges. Go to your best breeders

——men who are interested in good

stock and good grain—you will find

these men the most willing to assist.

The stallion men will offer seasons and

special inducements as prizes. The

cattle men will do likewise and the oth-

ers will assist in providing the purses.

It IS not uncommon for horse owners

to offer special prizes for the get of

their individual stallions and this aids

in bringing out larger classes. The

main thing is to get large exhibits the

first year—the other years will largely

care for themselves. Appoint commit-

tees for every line in which premiums

will be offered and have them make a

point to see that every department is

properly represented. Thus in our own

local fair we find the most enthusiastic





 





:3





THE MICHIGAN FARME'R

the snake’s mouth proved not to have

been injured in the least.





A lady of my acquaintance has what

she thinks is the most intelligent can-





poultry keeper in the community and

place him at the head of the committee

on poultry; the fruit grower. gets the

same position for the fruit exhibits;

the man who has preached most on the

important subject of pure seed corn

gets the corn department, and so on

down the line. We do not exhibit cat-

tle-and hogs and confine our show to

horses because of poor facilities in

handling the otherlines, but one of

our horse shows—a show for two-year-

old colts—was one of the best ever

seen outside of the state show.



Hire a band. You cannot celebrate

without a brass band. Fill a half day,

at least, chuck full of games and sports

for the rising generation and above all

do not forget the women. We have a

culinary department, a butter show,

and a cream-testing contest. We have

found the milling companies ready and

willing to offer flour as premiums for

the best loaves of home—made bread——

they do this through the local dealer

at no expense to the association—and

we have a room full of good, old-fash-

ioned home-baked bread on fair day.

Make your corn show entertaining and

at the same time illuminating. Hire a

man to deliver a talk on corn. Your





state experiment station will probably"





furnish you one at a slight expense and

whenever possible fill in all of the

gaps with talks by men who can reach

the people and who know whereof they

speak. Get the best utility poultryman

that you can find to talk farm poultry

and competent men for the other dis«

plays but above all do not try to sat-

isfy everyone with a premium. Place

the awards where they belong and

strive to make plain why they have

been so placed. Then keep up the talk

for quality and the men who lose this

year will receive a stimulus that will

bring them back again—with exhibits

that will merit awards and benefit the

community.





IIHllllIlllmllllmlllllmHilllllllllllllllllllIIllllIllllllflllmlllllllfllllllllmlllllllllllflllllllllllllmlllllllillllllllllHIl||I’lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllliHflfllflllllllllllfllmlllllllllllllmlll"Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllml





Queer Specimens of





Animal Intelligence





By ISAAC MOTES





HE judgment, instinct or intelli-



gence call it what you will—of



‘rod’s wild creatures is some-

times startling. So much intelligence

do they manifest that you feel justi-

fied in calling it judgment and think-

ing ability rather than instinct. They

act as if moved by human wisdom.



As an example of a high order of in-

telligence in birds, a naturalist reports

that he was walking along the sands

of the sea shore one summer after-

noon, when he saw some flocks of the

common tern fishing in the sea. As he

wished to get a specimen of this bird

he stopped and watched their move

ments. Presently one came flying to-

wards the shore. He raised his gun

and fired, and the bird fell into the

water with a broken wing.



The report of the gun and the

screams of the tern brought all the

flock around it. They flew round and

round their wounded companion as the

tide carried it in toward the short.

Just as the naturalist was preparing

to wade out into the shallow water

and take the bird in his hands two of

the terns took hold of it, one at each

wing, lifted it up from the water and

carried it back seaward toward a rock

which jutted above the surface of the

ocean.



When they had gone seven or eight

yards they gently dropped their bur-

den, and two others took their place

at its wings. In this way it was grad-

ually carried off to the rock some dis-

tance from where the man stood.

When the naturalist approached this

rock the wounded bird was again car-

ried further out to sea, to another

rock in the same manner. He could

easily have secured his prize by an-

other shot, but he hadn’t the heart to

level his gun at such brave, intelligent

birds.





 





Another queer case is recorded

where a mmgkingbird showed almost

human inmiligonce, as well as a sort





of humorous delight in the astonish—

ment he occasioned by his brilliant

powers as a songster. This mocking-

bird had only recently been captured,

and was placed near another cage in

which were two canaries, both excel-

lent singers. The mocking-bird at first

seemed to be struck dumb by his vol<

uble neighbors, but it turned out that

he was only hiding his time. For sev-

eral days he remained silent, taking

notes, until he had mastered their

song, when one day, without a prelim-

inary rehearsal he burst out into a

canary song in a loud, ringing tone

that struck his yellow—throated neigh-

bors mute with astonishment. After

this it was a favorite amusement of

his to drown the voices of the canaries

with his own loud notes whenever

they attempted to sing, and he show-

ed a very evident enjoyment of his

performance.



A remarkable exhibition of intelli-

gence as well as gratitude and friend-

liness on the part of three bluejays

was told me recently by a farmer

friend of mine. The birds came to

him under such peculiar circumstan-

ces that they are objects of curiosity

in our entire neighborhood. He was

fishing in a creek near his home, when

his attention was attracted by the pe-

culiar actions of a bluejay. The bird

flew back and forth, crying and flut—

tering around him, and was in such

evident distress that he followed it, as

it flew before him, to a thick bush and

darted at something concealed among

the leaves. He parted the leaves and

found a blacksnake with a young blue-

jay in its mouth.



He killed the snake with his fishing

pole, took the bird from its mouth and

then found a nest near by with two

other birds in it. He brought the three

jays home, the old one following with

apparently no uneasiness, and raised

these young birds as pets without any

trouble whatever. The one found in





ary bird in the world. She is very

fond of it, and since a little occurrence

recently she is as proud of its as she

is fond. Its cage hangs in a room

heated by a large coal stove. One af-

ternoon she wanted to go out for a

short visit, and as the fire was low she

filled the stove and opened the draft.

She was gone longer than she expect-

ed, and when she returned the stove

was red hot, and the air in the room

was like that of a furnace. Her first

thought was of the canary. She look-

ed up at the cage. The bird was no-

where in sight, and she stepped on a

chair, expecting to find the little fel-

low lying dead on the floor of the

cage. Instead, to her delight there he

sat in his bath tub, immersed in the

water, with nothing out but his head,

and he was even ducking his head un-

der the water at intervals.





A bird which exhibits almost human

intelligence in some of its ways is the

Chaparral cock of Texas and other

southwestern states, where it is known

by various local names. It is a fierce

looking bird about the size of a grown

turkey hen, with long, powerful legs,

a strong bill two or three inches long,

and it is an exceedingly swift runner.

It eats centipedes, tarantulas, scorpi-

ons, lizards and small snakes.





This fowl hunts and destroys rattle-

snakes in a peculiar way. Waiting un-

til the reptile has thrown itself into a

coil, the bird drage branches of dry

cactus and completely surrounds the

snake with them. Then the rattler is

aroused by pushing a piece of cactus

against its skin, and it immediately

tries to escape. Being unable to pass

the thorny hedge, it turns at last in

its blind rage to strike its fangs into

itself, and dies of its own poison. Then

the Chaparral cock dances around with

every show of exultation, and goes off

after another victim.





People who have read about the

rough manners of cowboys will be in-

terested to know that they are habitu-

al singers of hymns. The strange fea-

ture is that they sing the cattle to

sleep. A herd of steers are as skittish

as a flock of sheep, particularly at

night. Anything or nothing will start

a stampede, and when the cattle get to

running they are almost as difficult to

check as a prairie fire. So a part of

a cowboy’s duty is to ride around and

around the bunch of restless cattle,

singing a hymn as melodiously as he

can.





He thus gradually turns the fore

most part of the drifting herd back

upon itself and combines it with the

rear part—“milling,” it is called—

keeping the cattle going round and

round, getting them in a more and

more compact mass. Gradually the

animals are brought to a halt, become

quiet and drop down one by one, until

at length they are all asleep, and the

tired singer can rest his throat. The

singing has a soothing effect on the

excited cattle, just as it has on a

sleepy child at eventide, or on wild an-

imals in a circus or animal show.





Another example of the trained in-

stinct of cattle is noticed upon the

great cattle ranches of the west. The

cattle of former days were all of the

unimproved, long-horned kind. W'hen

the herd was attacked by wolves the

calves were placed in the middle of

the bunch, and the older animals form-

ed themselves into a solid phalanx or

circle around them, all facing outward.

The cattle of today are improved cat-

tle, a largely hornless, or with short,

weak horns, and if, as occasionally

happens still, the herd is attacked by

wolves, the calves are guarded as be-

fore, in the center of the herd, but the

older cattle face in instead of out.

Their hoofs, not their horns, are now

their most powerful weapons.



A farmer of my neighborhood, who

has been a settler in the state for al-

most half a century, relates an inter-

esting tale of a mat endowed with al»





SEPT. 30, 1916.





most human intelligence. Many years

ago this man’s father owned a farmvin

this section, where at the time there

were more woods than fields and more

deer than domestic animals. His fam«

ily had a fine white cat which was a

great pet, and very intelligent; but

her kittens were regularly drowned on

their appearance, as no people lived

near to whom they could be given.

One summer the old cat disappeared,

and after a month’s absence she was

given up as lost forever. But this

farmer who told me the incident was

both delighted and surprised when she

came to him in the woods where he

was cutting brush, rubbing against his

legs and purring loudly. He stroked

her gently, and presently she darted

away into a hollow tree and reappear-

ed with a half~grown kitten in her

mouth, and this action she repeated

until she had laid five at his feet. Then

she looked up into his face as if to

say, “I kept these out of your way un-

till all danger was past.” The next

day she piloted the whole family to

the barn, where as a reward for her

intelligence they were allowed to live.





A naturalist who has studied the in-

teresting characteristics of animals

tells a story from his own observation,

which seems to show that some crew

tures have a very exact sense of time

——even more exact than that indicated

by the migration of birds or the hiber-

nation of certain animals. He once

enjoyed the acquaintance of a mouse

which, at exactly a quarter before four

o'clock every afternoon was in the

habit of coming out along the wain-

scoting and making his way to a pot of

paste on the table, the crust of which

he nibbled. No surburbanite having

his train in mind could be more regu.

lar in arriving at his breakfast table

every morning than this tame mouse

was in coming out for his daily nibble

of paste.



How did the mouse know when it

was a quarter to four? Hardly on ac-

count of a sense of hunger, because it

is not possible that it would have be-

come hungry at exactly the same min<

ute every afternoon. It surely did not





allowance itself by eating exactly the'





same amount of paste every after-

noon, and therefore.it would not be

likely to get hungry at exactly the

same minute. It certainly had some

way of measuring time.



it is well known by nature students

that certain birds arrive from the

south on their northward migration at

pactically the same day in the month

every year, regardless of the condi‘

tion of the weather, and also that

those animals which hibernate during

cold weather begin their long winter

sleep at a certain unvarying time ev-

ery autumn, no matter how pleasant

the state of the weather may be. This

would seem to indicate that animals

take careful note of time, and are not

moved by the mere state of the weath—

er, which varies considerably in tem-

perature every spring and autumn,

and therefore they approximate hu-

man intelligence, just as a man goes

to the breakfast table at the same

hour every morning, whether he be

very hungry or only slightly hungry.

and to his office to work every morn-

ing at a certain hour, whether the

weather be hot or cold.



When not disturbed by fear of man

or any other untoward condition or

cause, animals and birds seem to be

moved by a semblance 0f the same

free intelligence. If you choose to call

it inherited impulse or instinct you

are forced to admit that it is a very

finely trained and unerring impulse;

a very high order of instinct.





WHAT THE LEARNED THINK.





 





How easy it is to follow one of the

two lives—the animal or the intellec-

tual! how diflicult to conciliate the

two —Hammerton.



The way to be satisfied with the

present state of things is to enjoy that

state of things.—Bagehot. .



Dislike at first sight is more com-

mon than love as discord is more com-

mon than harmony—Hardy.
p-





SEPT. 30, 1916.





TIiE NIICIIIGJXN FVXR thl\





Sanitary HOme Equipment





By C). Ii.





AM frequently asked the question,

“What is the difference between

the chemical closet and the septic

tank as a means of sewage disposal,

and what are the advantages of each?"



The chemical closet is a substitute

for the privy. It does not take care of

the water that is discharged from the

bathtub, sink or lavatory. The chem-

ical closet can be installed in a room

in the dwelling and can be kept in a

sanitary condition without much diffi-

culty. So installed it gives one the

advantage of the indoor closet with a

minimum of apparatus.



The chemical closet comes in two or

more forms. A small size consists

merely of a can or a pail holding about

30 quarts fitted with a seat and cover,

and a ventilating pipe. This outfit can

be installed in the home by merely

placing it in an unused room or closet

and extending the ventilation pipe up

through the roof. Another form con-

sists of a tank of two or three barrels

capacity which is usually placed in the

basement and connected to the room

above by a large pipe upon which is

fitted a porcelain closet bowl similar

to that used on railway cars. This

bowl is also provided with a ventilat-

ing pipe extending above the roof.





The operation of these chemical clos-

ets consists of the sterilization and the

deodorization of the excreta by means

of a chemical or disinfectant. The tank

is partly filled with water, then suffi-

cient chemical is added to make a so-

lution suitable for sterilization purpos-

es. It is evident that the successful

operation of the closet depends upon

the proper chemical and the faithful

attention paid in keeping it re-supplied.

The length of time upon which a closet

can be operated with one “charge” of

chemical depends upon two factors:

The capacity of the tank, and amount

of chemical used. A certain amount of

chemical is only capable of sterilizing

a definite amount of excreta. The

larger tanks will usually last a family

of five or six persons for about five

months with one “charge” of chemical,

while the smaller ones will not last

more than two or three weeks, at the

end of these periods it will be neces-

sary to empty the contents, partially

filled with water and add a new

“charge" of chemical.



The septic tank also displaces the

privy. It does more. It takes care of

all classes of sewage; wastes from the

closets, sinks, lavatory, bath-tub, 1aun~

dry tubs, etc.



When a septic tank is installed the

regular water flush closet can be used,

together with the kitchen and bath-

room fixtures commonly found in the

cities and villages where there are

sewers. Of course, some sort of a wa-

ter system is necessary for the proper

operation of the septic tank.



The septic tank is usually placed un-

der the ground near the house and is

generally built of concrete. However,

one or two manufactured tanks made

of steel and cast iron are being sold

quite extensively. A vitrified clay tank

is also upon the market. The septic

tank is connected to the fixtures in the

house by means of a sewer usually

made of four-inch clay sewer pipe.



The operation of the septic tank does

not depend upon the action of the

chemical as some seem to think, but

upon one of nature’s very active forces

—bacteria. The tank is made water-

tight and is so constructed that it be-

comes practically air tight. The sew-

age which comes in the tank after re-

maining under these air-tight condi-

tions for a short time undergoes a

chemical change due to the action of

the anaerobic or non-air breathing

class of bacteria. This bacterial ac-

tion converts the solids partially into

gases and partially into a soluble form

which passes out of the tank with the

liquid. This liquid'is practically clear

and 0d01‘le’nss, but is not entirely clear





ROBEY





or entirely odorless and is not abso-

lutely pure and fit for human consump-

tion, as some would lead us to believe.

It must be properly handled after leav-

ing the tank. The method commonly

followed is to filter it through the sur-

face soil where it undergoes oxidation

due to the soil bacteria.



Summarizing, then, the advantages

and disadvantages of these two outfits

might be stated as follows:



The chemical closet is very easily

installed and does not require running

water. On the other hand, the septic

tank requires in addition a more or

less complicated plumbing and water

system.



The chemical closet will not freeze

while a water closet and the necessary

piping must be carefully protected.





The chemical closet only provides

one convenience while the installation

of a septic tank makes it possible to

add the other bath-room, kitchen and

laundry conveniences at any time.



The large-sized chemical closet will

usually cost considerably more than

the septic tank, including the sewer,

but not including the plumbing and wa-

ter system.



A properly designed septic tank will

usually require no attention, except,

possibly, a little cleaning once every

five or six years. The chemical clos-

et will need to be emptied at least once

every five months and much oftener

if of a small size. Also the chemical

necessary for “charging" the closet

will cost the average family five dol-

lars per year. The bacteria in the sep-

tic tank cost nothing.



A well constructed septic tank should

last a lifetime while it can hardly be

expected that the chemical closets, as

constructed at the present time, will be

very long-lived.



Each of these two outfits have their

particular place. A study of their ad-

vantages and disadvantages should en-

able one to select the outfit best suited

to their needs. It should be remember-

ed, however, that running water is be-

coming an absolute necessity in the

farm home.





PARTNERS.





 





BY MILDRED M. NORTH.





“No, son, I‘m not complaining; it

makes my old heart glad



That tho you love your mother you’ve

not forgot your dad.



You wrote us both a letter and now

you come yourself,



A-bringing us the posies that set there

on the shelf.





You’ve got a dear good mother; I love





her more today



Than when she said she’d love me and

walk with me life's way.



And that day when she'd promised

that she would be my wife,



And I had vowed to love her and cher-

ish her through life,



She took a wee pink rosebud and pin-

ned it on my breast,



And since that day I’ve reckoned pink

rosebuds far the best.



We promised we’d be partners, and so

it seems to me



They make this Day for Mother just

half it ought to be.



Together we’ve endeavored to teach

you ways of right,



Together we have watched you thru

many an anxious night.



We’ve found our burdens lighter be-

cause their weight we shared,



And what each liked was better be-

cause the other cared.



You’ve been a good lad, Thomas, and

Ruth’s a bonny girl,



She’s been her father's comfort since

days of doll and curl.



God’s Good Book says such “honor"



. He ever will repay,



That was His proclamation, He found-

ed Parent’s Day.



But there are other fathers in this

broad land of ours,



Aren’t they deserving praises and lov-

ing words and flowers?



They talk of mother’s burdens and

what her love will do;



Remember father loves you and he has

burdens too.



And some day when you’ re thinking of

the old home, then my lad



Just wear a small pink rosebud in

memory of your dad.”





 





 





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HOOSIER STOVE ca.

131 State St. Marion. Ind.





Elbadiersfiille e'iniiu‘i’uiiis





 





   





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College in session entire year. Established

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'I'I'IE WARNER co. Dept.C Muncie, Ind.

COFFE From IMPORTER

To CONSUMER

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The Michigan Farmer.





 

   

   

   





 

 





THEfMiCHIGA





N' FARM ER





 

   





SEPT. 30, 1916. '





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





family in what the world calls



“straightened circumstances.” And

there was only a. small income, enough

so that with careful management,

mother’s doing a little extra work and

everyone’s pulling together, the family

could life, if not comfortably, at least

as well as the average. But there

wasn’t enough money left so that ev-

eryone could settle down to a life of

ease on what father died to accumu-

late. Besides John, aged eight, there

was Billy aged ten, and Betty just

turned five.



The friends and relations, as is us-

ual at such times, all knew just what

ought to be done, and most of them

were not a bit shy about telling all

they knew. It was the consensus of

opinion, on mother’s side, that. the de-

ceased husband and father was a brute

for not having left enough insurance

and real estate to keep the family in

comfort until the children were edu-

cated and at work. On father’s side

they thought it would not hurt mother

any to take a roomer or two to help

out, but it would be a crime if she let

those children go to work before they

were through college.



Mother, being a discreet woman,

kept her thoughts to herself and sat

down to figure out resources, and ways

and means of meeting her obligations.

Her part was rather easy. She could

rent two hooms, with breakfast, and

there were several women in her club

who had often asked her to do fine

needle work for them. She never could

be idle, and afternoons when she had

a few minutes off she could make a

good many dollars at hand work.



Billy was easy to settle, too. He got

a paper route that brought him in $5.50

a. month. This more than clothed him

and bought his school supplies. There

was a nice little balance each month

for the bank, and Billy fast acquired

ways of thrift and the airs of a bank

president. Betty helped, too, or at

least thought she did, which is just, as

important, setting the table, clearing

away, and straightening the living-

room. Much of her work had to be

done over, on the side, but meantime

she was learning.



But John—there was the problem.

Shrink from it as she would, mother

always had to admit that: John was

lazy. The awful truth hurt, but it was

there. John was Winsome and bright,

made friends easily, slid through his

year’s work at school without: much ef-

fort, and was just as polite and sweet

as a child could be. But when it came

to work, there was the rub. John

would not work if he could help it. He

dawdled through one task, making it

last as long as possible so he couldn’t

do another, and if he had a penny and

mother wasn’t around he hired Betty

to do everything she was big enough to

do. Mother was planning on John’s

taking Billy’s route in another year,

while Billy went into something with

more pay, but John had no such ambi-

tions. Indeed, he quite openly said he

hoped Bill couldn’t get anything better

so he could keep his route. ‘



Then along came the story book hap-

pening. A man, attracted by John’s

bright face and sweet smile, wanted to

adopt him. He was not a. millionaire,

but his house was twice the size of

John’s and he drove a seven-passenger

car and had a big income and could

send John to college and “give him ev-

ery advantage,” whatever that means.





JOHN’S father died, leaving the





 





At any rate that is the argument he





 





What are “Advantages?”





used to mother and what all the rela-

tions on both sides urged when they

tried to make mother see she ought to

let John go. John used it too, (I blush

to say he wanted to leave home),

though he didn’t understand just what

it meant. But living with the other

family meant to him getting out of

peddling papers or sweeping walks or

doing any of the other things he hated.



But mother positively refused.



”The advantages may be there but I

can’t see them,” she said quite decid-

edly. “If you think it is an advantage

for a boy to be brought up with noth-

ing to do but have a good time, I

don’t,” she said. “It would be the ruin

of John and I can’t permit it. He is

just as lazy as he can be, yes he is,”

she affirmed as the two grandmother’s

started a protest, “and he has got to

learn to work whether he likes it or

not. Put him in a home where he

would be pampered and petted as

these folks would do and he would

grow up an undesirable citizen. He

has got to stay with us and do his

share. Why should he have every-

thing done for him while Billy and

Betty and I must work? If we were

destitute I might—no, I wouldn’t even

then. ‘Each tub must stand on its own

bottom,’ and John stays home.”



So John stayed home and came as

near sulking as his disposition would

allow. He was too lazy even for that

much exertion. And the family and

friends divided info rival camps argu-

ing over whether mother was right or

wrong. Most of them thought she was

wrong, so potent is the lure of money

and idleness. But a few agreed with

her that work is good even for grow-

ing children. And in telling the story

ten years later John agreed with the

minority. DEBORAH.





COLD STORAGE OF FRUITS AND

VEGETABLES.





 





HY JIUIIN MARSH.



A plentiful variety of fruits and veg-

etables adds greatly to the healthful-

ncss and economy of country fare in

the winter season, and the farmer is

well repaid for the time and care nec-

essary to preserve them. The truck

crops most commonly preserved for

winter use in the natural state are

beets, turnips, rutabagus, potatoes,

cabbage, celery, onions, salsify, car-

rots and parsnips. When properly

stored and cared for, these crops may

be kept throughout 1119 winter in good

condition for use.



()11 most farms a basement, cellar is

the only available storage room for

winter, and the ordinary farm cellar

answers the purpose perfectly if it af-

fords proper control of temperature

and moisture. A cellar in which a

furnace is located is usually too dry

for the storage of anything except

pumpkins, squashes and onions, which

keep most perfectly in dry air. How-

ever, if a room can be partitioned off

from the furnace room, this objection

can be overcome to a certain extent.



Most fruits and vegetables should

be kept at a temperature only a few

degrees above the freezing point, as a.

high temperature favors decay, and

the evaporation of moisture. If the

storage room adjoins a furnace room

the temperature can be kept above the

freezing point by controlling the venti-

lation into the furnace room, and in

like manner the temperature can be

lowered by admitting outside air at a

temperature below the freezing point.



The control of moisture is not such





 





 





an easy problem, but in the majority

of underground cellars which are not

directly connected with any room heat-

ed artificially, the humidity of the air

is approximately correct. A cellar with

an earth floor usually contains more

moisture than one which is floored

with cement or brick. If the air in a.

cellar becomes too dry, the condition

may be relieved by emptying several

buckets of water on the floor at inter-

vals of a. week or ten days.



The vegetables which require dry

air are pumpkins, squashes, onions and

sweet potatoes. These, except onions,

will also stand a higher temperature

than other vegetables. They should be

very carefully handled previous to

storing, as a slight bruise is almost

certain to cause decay. Pumpkins and

squashes will not keep long unless

they are mature. Onions should be

topped and carefully cured or dried,

preferably in the open air, before they

are placed in storage.



Irish potatoes require a damp cellar

for long keeping. If the air becomes

too dry they will wilt badly before the

next year’s crop is ready for use. Too

high a temperature induces early

sprouting. Exposure to light should be

prevented as much as possible, not

alone with potatoes, but also with all

other root crops.



Cabbage for early winter use can be

stored in a damp cellar. If the air is

too dry, they should be covered with

moist loam or sand to prevent wilting.

However, cabbage can be most per-

fectly preserved in pits outdoors. The

heads should be pulled up with the

roots attached, and stood upside down

in a well drained spot, and covered

deeply enough with soil to prevent

freezing.



Beets, turnips, rutabagas and car-

rots should be kept at a low tempera-

ture in a moist. cellar; it will be neces-

sary to cover them with moist loam or

sand to prevent wilting if they are to

be kept till spring. Like cabbage, they

can be stored in frost-proof pits out-

doors. A layer of hay or straw should

be spread on the ground and the roots

placed thereon in a conical pile, and

covered with another layer of straw,

and lastly a sufficient cover of soil to

prevent them from freezing. Apples

and potatoes are also successfully

stored in this manner. The important

points to observe being good drainage

and security from freezing.



Celery should be taken up in late

fall with the roots attached and stood

in an upright position on the cellar

floor, with the. roots packed in moist

loam. If the soil about: the roots be—

comes dry the stalks will wilt; there-

fore it will be necessary to water it at

intervals, care being taken to keep the

stalks dry. Light should be excluded

as much as possible to hasten blanch-

ing. There are several successful

methods of keeping celery in trenches

outdoors, by protecting the stalks with

boards, and covering with soil. In all

systems of storage the bunches should

not. be placed in close contact with

each other, to'prevent rotting of the

tops.



Salsify or vegetable oyster and pars-

nips are not injured by freezing, and

may be left where they grew through-

out the winter. If some are wanted

for use without the labor of digging in

the frozen soil, a portion of the crop

may be stored in early winter in moist

loam on the cellar floor.



The storage of apples, which is the

only kind of fruit usually kept until

spring, is an easy problem. The near-

er the freezing point they can be kept,

the less will be the loss from rot, and

in the case of long-keeping varieties,

the air must be plentifully supplied
mn rum ‘





‘1‘. ,,

' own- '1'-





SEPT. 30, 1916.





with moisture to prevent wilting of





the fruit. In the case of both fruit and.





vegetables, specimens which are sound

and perfect will be found most suit-

able for long keeping. Therefore it is

well to select the most perfect speci-

mens for keeping till spring. By exer-

cising some care in selecting sound

fruit and vegetables for storage, one

can be reasonably sure of success, pro-

viding the conditions of temperature

and moisture are at least approximate-

ly correct, and an abundance of fresh,

palatable food in the natural state

throughout the winter will certainly

repay, anyone for their time and labor.





THE N EW PATCHWORK.





 





BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY. 4



Those of us who have preserved the

applique patch quilts' of our grand-

mothers and greatlgrandmothers, are

fortunate, indeed, now when applique

forms such an important feature in

the fancy work world. The old-time

work was dohe in the tiniest back

stitches, a veritable marvel to most of

the workers of today, but for those of

us who lack the ability to produce

such invisible stitchery there is now

the expedient of button-holing the

patches into place, if desired, a self—

colored floss being used.



Not alone quilts, but stand, dresser,



chair and pillow covers, bags and cur-

tains, all are elaborated in this old-

fashioned method now, and when used

with a plainly decorated wall, rag rugs

and Colonia furniture provide a pleas—

ing change from the usual lingerie

fittings.

, For the foundation of such work a

plain white linen or a heavy unbleach—

ed muslin or sateen is usually seen.

Chambray or linen in color is used for

the applique. If one already possesses

an old patchwork quilt the same de-

sign may be carried out in other drap-

eries. If not a flower pattern will

prove desirable, pink in three shades

and green in two being used. The

buds are of the deepest pink, while the

remaining shades are united in the

roses.



If buttonholing is used for the out—

lines French knots may fill the centers

of the roses, but if the old-time meth-

od of overcasting is followed it will be

better to applique a bit of pale green

or yellow in the centers.





PRETTY PICKLES FROM GARDEN

LEFT-OVERS.





 





111' LU LU c. PARKER.



Once upon a time a good giant got

the idea that sunbeams might be ex-

tracted from cucumbers. He labored

for years, so the story goes, hoping to





'bottle the sunbeams in hermetically





sealed vials, so that he could let them

out to warm the winter world. Wheth-

er he succ: ' ded or not in his attempt

the story (iw‘S not tell, but perhaps it

was this 2 ant who gave the hint to





the first Luisekeeper who extracted

the goodnt . :1 out of the cucumber and

turned it .410 preserves and ickles

fer winter mmfort.



,Besides Hie cucumber, ripe and

green, the _, *erage garden has, when

the first frsr" comes a surplus of small

onions, g- 11 tomatoes, under-ripe

melons, av. other good things which

the econo=.:!::al house-wife may well

utilize Wii"=‘i preparing her winter

store of “sunshine.”



-This is 1"» way one housewife uses

her left-overs:



Ripe Cuvumber Catsup.—Remove





‘ peel and Suds from firm, ripe yellow





cucumbers. Chop them fine or run

through a gavater. Add a little salt and

put into a muslin bag to drain over

night. In the morning put into a por-

celain keti‘w, cover with cold vinegar

to which his been added sugar, pep-

per, and muted spice. Boil until thick

and seal in air-tight bottles while hot.



Greei- ’I‘omato Soy—To two gallons

of chopped green tomatoes add a doz-

en large onions, four pints of vinegar,

two pints of sugar, two tablespoonfuls





 





,1 r1..~.""y¢'.- o'er





i] A nywfir «‘73.. rrrm





THE MICHIGAN FARMFR





each of salt, pepper, and ground mus-





tard, one ‘tablespoonful each of a11-.





spice and cloves. Mix in the kettle

and let stand over night. Then boil

over a slow fire for four hours or until

the tomato will cut with a spoon, and

the juice is thick and syrupy. This

may be canned hot when it will be ex-

cellent to serve with baked beans or

cold meat. Or it may be strained

through a coarse sieve, returned to the

fire and boiled down to a thick paste.

Then allow it to cool, and seal in jelly

glasses. This is an old-fashioned

recipe.





Sliced Cucumber Pickles—This is

a sightly way to use the culls and mis-

shapen cucumbers which are found on

the vines at the end of the season.

Wash, wipe, and slice the cucumbers

into a stone jar. To each hundred cu-

cumbers of medium size add a sliced

onion and sprinkle with one cup of

salt. Let stand over night. In the

morning drain off the liquid, rinse, and

put back into the jar. Mix one-fourth

pound of white mustard seed, two ta-

blespoonfuls of mixed spice, one table-

spoonful of pepper, the same of celery

seed if desired, one cupful of olive oil,

and enough cider vinegar to COVeI‘.

Pour over the cucumber and press

down with a plate. In two or three

days they will be ready to use.





Sweet Pickles.——Small quantities of

crab-apples, plums, peaches, etc., may

be pared and pickled in the following

syrup. To every quart of fruit allow

one cup of sugar and one pint of good

vinegar, with half an ounce of‘stick

cinnamon, one tablespoonful of whole

cloves, and one tablespoonful of whole

allspice. Boil the syrup until thick,

then add the fruit, and boil until ten-

der enough to be pierced with a straw.

Put, in cans or jars and cover until the

following day. Pour off the syrup and

reheat for two mornings, when seal or

tie up.





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





 





Our latest Fashion Book, containing

illustrations of over 1,000 designs of

ladies’, misses’ and children’s gar-

ments in current fashions, also newest

embroidery designs, and articles which

give valuable hints to the home dress-

maker, will be sent to any address up-

on receipt of ten cents.





 





 





Cut in siz-

es 34 to 44 inches bust measure. Long

or short sleeves may be used and the

pattern provides for a dust cap.



No. 7365—Ladies’ Corset—cover. Cut

in sizes 36 to 46 inches bust measure.

This tight-fitting corset cover is suit-

able for stout figures.



No. 7168~Boys’ Dutch Suit. Cut in

sizes, 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. One or two

materials can be used in making this

sui





No. 7190—Ladies’ Dress.





n .’" l/\~'\€l\





l3-—201





 





 





Practical





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less.





leavening power.





for a fine cake and





in practical use.





 





 





in Home Baking





Royal Baking Powder is made from

Cream of Tartar, which is derived from





produces food which excels in flavor,

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It is not economy in the end to use

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Cheap powders differ greatly in





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worth much more than a Whole can of

the cheap baking powder.





There are no failures with Royal

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Economy





no bitter taste and





the cake turns out a





 





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prove that to you.





5 and smooth as glass





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HAT’S just the time it takes to thoroly



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needless work, 365 days a year.





oZSAN/MRYé





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about when you invest in a cream separator.



And with one-third the discs the Sanitary V.

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Sanitary Milwaukee aluminum discs are light, rust-proof

They are interchangeable—no

bothersom1 wire holder to fuss with.

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slip them on the bowl core in any order.





Write today for your copy of the catalog which tells

a! about the Sanitary Milwaukee.





 

 





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WEAR YOUR OWN WOOL





Spun and woven by the old homespun methods.

just as the Pilgrim Mothers did it for the Pilgrim

Fathers. We will make you 11111 c wool blankets.

campers blankets, tweeds, fulled cloth. flannels

wool batting, yarn, and hosiery, if you will send

us your wool. Write today for price list. and learn

how to save money on the best woolens.





REED CITY WOOLEN MILLS





 





Established I883. Reed City. Mich

“11009;; 1111 "stagger at;





Ground Hogs. Chi munks.Weo.sels. Squirrels Crows.

Hawks, etc. The nixed Standard Exterminator



1%unatores.loonomy Slzoo 28°. 80°.

smiiiiio. sod World Over Used byU.8. Gov’t.

Rough on Roll Novor Polio. Rm." ALL Substitutes.





 





 





AGENTS WANTED





to represent a reliable concern can-

vassing among farmers in you own

neighborhood or “elsewhere. No exper-

ience necessary. Liberal pay and

supplies furnished free to right part-

ies. Reference required. Address,





lIIIEIIIISEII cm "IE MIGHIEIII FIIIIIEII.

Dolroll, Michigan
392—14





 





THE MICHIGA





N VFARMER





SEPT. 30, 191,6.“





 





LEI: lIIllIIIIiIlllIIIlllIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIllllllllIllllllllIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIa

M arke ts.



E. .

Will"!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllIIIIIIIIIIIllIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIflIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





September 26, 1916.



Wheat—While a few dealers are

endeavoring to make much of tlie'fa'ct

that the present visible supply of

wheat is 56,672,000 bushels as compar-

e. ..ith 11,350,000 bushels a year ago,

it should be borne in mind that the

crop of this country is about 400,000,-

000 bushels short of last year’s crop,

and according to the statistics issued

by the International Institute of Agri-

culture, the wheat production in those

countries where estimates can be se-

cured is over 30 per cent less than the

production in 1915. Foreigners ap-

pear to be aware of the general

shortage and are buying on, every

break of the market. As a result, the

prices show a general advance over

those ruling a week ago. Millers are

also aggressive in the purchase of raw

materials and their taking of cash

wheat has added greatly to the activ-

ity in the cash department of the Am.

erican markets. Farmers are also in-

clined to hold their surplus, while the

transportation facilities are so crowd-

ed that shippers of grain have consid—

erable trouble in securing cars. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat was quoted

at $1.09 per bushel. Last week’s De-

troit quotations were:





No. 2 No.1



Red. White. Dec.

Wednesday ..1.491/2 1.4451 154%

Thursday ...... 1501/2 1451/2 1.54%;

Friday ......... 1.54 1.49112 1.571/2

Saturday ....... 1.56 1.51 1.59 1%,;

Monday ........ 1.56 1.51 1.591/2

Tuesday .... ..1 56 1.51 1.58%»





Chicago.——Sept. wheat $1.531/; Dec.

$1.54%; May $154343.



Corn—A fairly active market in this

cereal was maintained during the past

week, and prices now rule a fraction

higher. While frosts have done con-

siderable damage to the fodder, the

grain in most sections has escaped

serious damage. Eastern shippers are

taking the grain in fairly large quanti-

ties, while exporters bought consider-

able corn on the seaboard on Monday.

The visible supply for the United

States increased 741,000 bushels for

the week. A year ago No. 3 corn was

quoted at 730 per bushel. Last week’s

Detroit. prices were:





No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ..... 1.49143 1.44% 1.541/2

Thursday ........... 861/2 88

Friday .............. 86 1/2 88

Saturday ........... 87 1/2 89

Monday ............. 871/2 89

Tuesday ............ 87% 89





Chicago—Sept. corn 871/2c; Dec.

727/202 Mav 76140.



Oats.~«'l‘here is a fairly broad de-

mand for oats, including export calls.

On Monday 640,000 bushels were sold

on our seaboard for European use.

The local price advanced a fraction on

Monday. Standard oats a year ago

were quoted at 391/gc. Detroit’s prices

for last week were: ‘





No. 3



Standard. White.

\Vednesday .. .. .. 48 47

Thursday ........... 481/; 471/2

Friday .............. 49 48

Saturday ........... 50 49

Monday ............ 501/2 49 1,4.»

Tuesday ............ 51 50





Chicago.——Sept. oats 460; Dec. 483/80

per bu; May 51%c.



Rye.-—This market is slow with the

price '10 higher at $1.23 for cash No.2.



Beans—The buyers are now offer-

ing 250 more for October beans on the

Detroit market. than they were a week

920. Although the crop m many are

tricts of the state is of good quality,

reports show that the expected short

yield is being fully realized and if.

there is much inclement weather it is

certain that farmers will lose a con

siderable portion of their unusually

short crop because of the unripened

condition of the vines. Detroit quota-

tions for immediate and prompt ship-

ment is $4.90 and October $4.75. At

Chicago the market is firm with Mich-

igan pea beans, hand-picked, quoted at.

$6606 25 per bushel, and red kidneys

at $5.75.



Peas.——The transactions are small

and unreported so that it is impossible

to give quotations for this legume.



Seeds—Prime red clover $9.60; al-

$21330 $9.75; alfalfa $10@11; timothy





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flown—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $8.40: seconds $7.80; straight

$7.60: spring patent $8.40, rye flour

$7 per bbl.



Fecd.—-ln 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots





are: Bran $26.50 ; standard middlings

$28; fine middlings $35; cracked corn

$39; coarse corn meal $30; corn and

cat chop $34 per ton.



Hay.——(New) No. 1 timothy $14@15;

standard timothy $13.50@14; light

mixed $17@18; No. 2 timothy $12@13;

No. 1 mixed $10@11; No. 1 clover $8

@10 per ton.



Straw—Rye straw $6.50@7; wheat

and oat straw $6.50@7 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





 





Butter.——Trade at Detroit is fairly

active and firm with prices 1/20 higher

than last week. Creamery extra 321/20;

do. firsts 310; dairy 25c; packing

stock 241/2c per lb.



Elgin.——Values are 1,éc higher. High

prices are curtailing trade. Market is

firm at 330 per lb.



Chicago—Market is firm and high-

er. A good demand exists but mostly

for under grades. Creamery extras

quoted at 33c; extra firsts 32@321/gc;

firsts 301/2@311/gc.



Eggs.——The trade is brisk at Detroit

and prices for firsts have advanced 1/2c.

Firsts 301/3c; current receipts 281/2c

per dozen.



Chicago—Market steady and higher

for firsts and easy tfor storage. Firsts

291/2@300; ordinary firsts 28@29c; at

mark, cases included, 22@290; firsts,

storage paid 27%@280.



New York—Fresh gathered extra

fine 380; extra firsts 35@37c; firsts

32@34c.



Poultry—Fat hens are in demand

and higher. The market is firm. Live

broilers 19@20c; fat hens 20@21c; av-





erage do. 17@19c; ducks 17c; geese'





13@14c; turkeys 24@25c per lb.



Chicago—Liberal receipts brought

lower prices for fowls. Turkeys 15@

25c; fowls 16@161/gc for general run;

extra heavy 18c; light weight, 15c;

roosters 13c; springers 180; ducks 13

@15c; geese 14@17c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





 





Apples—Market is quiet and firm.

Prices are slightly lower. Barreled

stock $2.50@3.50 for fancy; No. 2, 50c

@$1 per bushel. At Chicago a steady

feeling prevails for fancy stock which

sells for $2.25@4.50 per bbl; No. 2

stock $1.50@2 per bbl.



Peaches.—Peaches are in demand

and higher. Fancy $2; AA, $1.75; A,

$1.53; B, 85c@$1. At Chicago good

stock has an excellent sale. Good

Michigan Elbertas are bringing 75c@

$1.50; other kinds 50@750 per bushel.



Pears—Bartletts are steady at $1.50

@175 per bushel; other kinds $1@

1.25. At Chicago No. 1 Bartletts bring

$3@5 per bbl. Seckle at $4.50@5; oth-

er kinds $2@3; No. 2 all kinds $1.50

@225.



Grapes.—Delewares and Niagaras

sell for 12@121/2c per pony basket, and

Concords at 21@22c. At Chicago the

demand is good. Concords in 8»lb. bas-

kets (6@6% lbs. net) bring 17@180;

Delewares 18c; Niagaras 121/2@15c.





 





WOOL AND HIDES.





 





Wool—No changes have come to

this trade. Prices continue to rule

high and holders are. in control of the

business.



Hides. No. 1 cured 190: No. 1 green

160; No. 1 cured bulls 14c; do. green

120; No. 1 cured veal kip 230.; do.

green 18c; No. 1 cured calf 290; do.

green 27c: No. 1 horse hides $5.50;

No. 2 (10. $4; sheep skins as to amount

of wool 500@$1.25 each.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





 





 





Warm weather is bringing in the

peach crop with a rush and this week

will see the bulk of the crop market-

ed, with prices around $1@1.25. Ap-

ples are worth 75c@$1 for Wolf River

and Wealthy. Potatoes at most of the

outside shipping points are bringing

900@$1, but, Grand Rapids consumers

are paying 45c a peck for tubers of

just fair quality. Local bean men are

offering farmers $4 and they say the

market is surely going lower. The egg

market has advanced to 300.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





A very large volume of business

was transacted on the eastern market

Tuesday morning. Peaches were abun-

dant and sold at $1@2.25 per bushel:

apples $1@2; tomatoes are firm at

$1.50@2: a few potatoes were offered

at $1.75(rD1.85 per bushel; grapes 60@

75c per 20—lb. basket: eggs 40c per doz-

en; no loose hay nor butter in sight.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

September 25. 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens.

New York Central Stock Yards,

. Buffalo. N. Y.) .

Receipts here todav as follows: Cat-

tle 217 cars; hogs 85 d. d.; sheep 45

d. d.; calves 1000 head.





 





With 217 cars of cattle today, the

trade was very slow and all classes of

cattle sold 250 per cwt. lower, except

the bulls and canning cows and they

sold about steady. There were some

of the best shipping cattle looked 400

a hundred lower. They had a heavy

run in Jersey City and there were

very few orders here from the east.

We look for a liberal run of cattle

next Monday and a steady trade.



We had a liberal supply of hogs to-

day, footing up a total of about 85

double decks, and while a few of the

choice old hogs looked about steady

with Saturday, the general run, which

was rather poor in quality and under.

weight stuff, looked fully 100 lower

than the close of Saturday. One load

of four decks of fancy sold at $11.50

and a few loads at $11.30@11.40, with

the bulk of the best from $11.15@11.25.

Choice lights, weighing around 140, at

$10.50, and the bulk of the pigs at

$9.75; roughs $9.75@10; stags $7.50@

8. About everything sold, and while

it looks like the good weight hogs will

sell quite well the balance of the week;‘

would be a little careful in the in-be-

tween kinds; too many of this kind

coming for the demand.



Wtih a liberal run of lambs today

our market opened slow and 100 low-

er than the close of last week, and we

will have to have moderate receipts to

hold prices steady the balance of the

week.



We quote: Best lambs $10.80@

10.90; cull to common $9@10; year-

lings $7@9.25; bucks $5.50@6.50;

ewes $7.25@7.50; cull sheep $3.50@

5.50; wethers $8@8.25; top veals$12.75

@13; heavy $8@9; common and light

$10@12; grassers $5.50@6.





 





Chicago.

September 25, 1916.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..22,000 32,000 33,000

Same day 1915..15,797 21,662 14,220

Last, week ...... 70,641 114,199 122,618

Same wk 1915..40,704 74.544 89,324



Following last week’s enormous cat-

tle receipts, today’s run looked decid-

edly too generous, and it was very

late when buyers got down to busi-

ness. Choice beeves were scarce, and

prices were called steady for these, al-

though the best sale, which was at

$10.90, looked low when placed in com-

parison with last week’s sales. The

run included about 3,500 cattle from

northern ranges, and these promised

to sell at about steady prices. The ag<

gregate cattle receipts at all western

markets were of enormous propor-

tions, with 38,000 head arriving in

Kansas City. Hogs opened steady,

with a top reported at $11.30, but later

the market was 50 lower or more.

Hogs received last week averaged on-

ly 222 lbs. The day’s receipts of sheep

and lambs were reported at around

34,000 towards the middle of the morn-

ing, and Omaha received 42,000 head.

Some prime native lambs sold early at

$10.65, an advance of 15c, but little

was done at a rather late hour, and it

was assumed that the market would

average considerably lower. Ship~

ments from Chicago last week amount

to 17,658 cattle, 6,800 hogs and 29,924

sheep.



Cattle prices were on the down-

grade most of the time last week be

cause of the greatly increased receipts

here, as well as at the other western

markets, the only kind that showed

firmness being the small offerings of

strictly prime heavy beeves and year-

lings that had had plenty of corn. The

daily receipts were made up mostly of

grassers and warmed~up or too short-

fed cattle, and grass-fed lots caught

the worst part of the declines. The

great bulk of the steers crossed the

scales at a range of $7.75@10.65, with

the choicest steers carrying plenty of

Weight taken at $10.50@11.20, the only

sale above these prices consisting of

22 head of fancy cattle averaging 1649

lbs. at $11.30. A good class of steers

sold for $9.50@10.45, with good to

prime yearlings going at $9.50@11

Medium grade steers went at $8.50 and

upward, while the plain short-fed lots

brought $7.50@8.45, with some infer-

ior little grass steers selling down to

$5.75@6.75 and upward. Butchering

cows sold at a range of $5.30@8.25,

while butchering heifers brought $4.75

@9, a few prime yearling heifers sell-

ing up to $10 or even higher. Cutters

sold at $4.50fi525. canners at $3.50@

4.45 and bulls at $475678. There was

a brisk demand for calves of “desirable

quality, and high prices' were paid,

light vealers selling at $11-@13 per100

lbs, while heavy calves brought $5,@

10 mostly. Western range cattle were

much more plentiful and sold freely

on the basis of $6.75@9.80 for steers,

but not many sales took place near

top figures. There was a fairly large





trafi‘ic at times in stockers and feed-





ers. prices ruling at $5@7.RO for infer-

ior to choice offerings. with a- sale of

a drove of choice 1050-lb. feeders to a

Pennsylvania buver at $7.65. , At the

close the great bulk of the'beef cattle

sold 26@50c lower than a week ear-





 





lier. Cattle receipts were the largest





since the last month of 1914. _

Hogs were marketed more freely





last week than a week earlier, and af-‘





ter early advances that. landed prime

butcher weights at $11.60, the highest

price on record, declines took place.

Eastern .shipping orders for hogs

proved disappointing, and their meag-

er purchases enabled the local pack-

ing fraternity to force some sharp de-

clines in prices, in which the choicest

consignments had their full share. The

packers received some large supplies

of hogs consigned to them direct from

outside points, while shipments of

hogs from here were only 1,500 head

on one day. Buyers were extremely

discriminative in making their selec-

tions, and the undesirable offerings

had to sell at a greater discount, than

heretofore. At times the day’s decline

amounted to as much as 250, with

grassy hogs selling very badly. At the

week’s close hogs sold at $9.85@10.35

for mixed packing lots, $10.85@11.30

for selected butchers, $11@11.20 for

selected light shipping, $10.75@11.15

for heavyshipping and $7@9.95 for

pigs, with pigs averaging 130 to 135

lbs. the highest.



Sheep and lambs were marketed

last week in greatly increased num-

bers, and this resulted in material re-

ductions in prices, in which the best

range lambs shared fully. Receipts

embraced liberal supplies consigned

from other western markets to the

packers direct, and these were used to

effect sharp declines in values. Range

feeding lambs of superior quality con-

tinued to sell high, and there was a.

sale of 283 head of prime Washington

feeders averaging 62 lbs. at $10.75, be-

ing 15c higher than the previous top

price. An Illinois man bought them,

his intention being to finish them on

a short feed. At the end of the week

fat lambs sold 35@50c lower and ewes

25c lower than a week ago, while

wethers and yearlings were steady.

Lambs closed at $7.75@10.60, feeding

lambs at $9.50@10.50, yearlings at

$7.50@9, wethers at $7678.50, ewes at

$3.50@7.50, breeding ewes at $7@10

and bucks at $5@6.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





While the sheep and lamb trade in

the Chicago stock yards shows fre-

quent fluctuations in prices, with low-

er values at times for the rank and

file of the offerings, with feeding

lambs from the ranges of the north

selling lower under increased receipts

at times, the best feeders have scored

still another high record by selling up

to $10.75 per 100 lbs. Shipments from

the range country are now at their

highest in volume, with the Missouri

river markets getting a liberal share,

and even the best killers have sold at

lower prices.



The Chicago live stock markets have

been greatly excited as the time of the

threatened railroad strike drew near,

and highly sensational advances in

prices took place for pretty much ev-

erything, cattle, hogs, lambs and sheep

included. At times receipts were of

normal proportions, but, the packers

and shippers were loading up “for an

emergency, as they feared a stoppage

of supplies. . is»



Matcrially increased supplies of cat-

tle have been reaching the Chicago

and Missouri river markets of late,

grassers comprising the great bulk of

such offerings, with the Chicago stock

yards getting much increased numbers

of grass cattle from the northern rang-

es, while the “river” markets got no

end of grassers from the southwestern

pastures. While the production of

prime corn-fed beef cattle has been

neglected, causing prices to rule very

high for these, grassers have had to

go at much reduced figures, and the

spread in cattle prices is extremely

wide. It is true that even the choicest

beeves have suffered some declines,

but they are much slower to weaken

than the other descriptions, and they

still sell much above prices paid in re-

cent years. A good indication of the

growth of cattle production is furnish-

ed by the fact that during the first

eight months of this year the seven

principal western markets of the Uni-

ted States, Chicago, Kansas City, Om-

aha, St. Louis, St. Joseph, Sioux City

and St. Paul received in the aggregate

5,086,000 cattle, showing an increase

of 696.200 head over the corresponding





period last year. This looks like quite _





a gain, yet the growth of our popula-

tion and the expansion in our beef-ex-

port trade have. taken such good care

of the increased supplies that there is

really no surplus. The northern range

cattle marketed in Chicago show im-

provement in average grading and sell

much better than their native competi-

tors. The largest call daily is for fat

little butcher cows and heifers for the

local trade, there being an urgent in-

quirv for beef that can be retailed at





moderate cost, and the steer trade op- .





ens usually at a~ much later hour of

the day.





.,L
_ SEPT. 30,1916.





THIS IS THE LAST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent to those who ~





have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





nETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday's Market.

September 29, 1916.





' Cattle.



Receipts 2949. Another heavy sup-

ply in all departments came to hand

this week and everything was late in

arriving, making Wednesday at the 10-

cal stock yards one of the most dis-

couraging days seen here in a long

time. The weather was warm and

cloSe and as a consequence a large

number of dead hogs was found in the

cars; this has been the case for some

time and most of the trouble is on ac-

count of its taking so long to get the

stock to the yaids after arriving at

the various terminals. Surely better

service could be made with a slight ef-

{cit on the part of the railroads, and

it is hoped something may be done to

better conditions.



The cattle trade this week was very

dull and fully 25@500 lower than last

week on everything but prime steers,

canners and bulls, which held steady.

The quality was of the common as a

rule, many thin light grades that

should not come to market being in

the receipts. There was a few coun-

try buyers who had pasture buying

stockers to send home and they had

no trouble getting what they wanted.

Cheap milch cows held steady but the

common grades were extremely dull.

The close was dull at the decline. Best





heavy steers $7.75@8 best handy

weight butcher steers $7.25@7.50;





mixed steers and heifers $6.50@7;

handy light butchers $6@6.25; light

butchers $5@5.25; best cows $6@6.25;

butcher cows $5. 25@5. 50; common

cows $4. 50@4. 75; canners $3. 50@4. 25;

best heavy bulls $6@6. 50; bologna

bulls $5. 25@5. 50; stock bulls $5@5. 25,

feeders $6@7; stOckers $5.05 @6;

iiiilkers and springers $40@80.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &





Co. 6 cows av 1066 at $5. 50, 1 do wgh

920 at $4 16 do av 1060 at $5. 75, 16 do

a\ 920 at $4. 75, 16 steers av 860 at.

$6. 50, 9 do av 1110 at $7. 75; to Resnick

1 bull wgh 1750 at $7, 1 do wgh 1000

at $6; to Sullivan P. Co. 11 butchers

:w 873 at $6.25, 9 cows av 1090 at

$5.60; to Fineman 34 butchers av 760

at $5.50; to Rattkowsky 5 do av 534 at

$5. 50; to Mich. B. Co. 22 steers av 1062

at $7. 50, 27 do av 902 at $6.25, 4 do

av 820 at $6. 40, 17 do 921v 815 at $6; 2

bull: av 865 at $5. 50 cows av 908 at

$5.10; to Parker, W. & Co. 10 do av





‘934 at $4. 50, 2 do av 1115 at $5. 50, 8





do av 893 at $5, 2 bulls av 1255 at $6,

40 steers av 1048 at $7. 35; to Kull 13

do av 970 at $7; to Resnick 18 butch-

ers av 716 at $5.60; to Parker, W. &

Co. 4 do av 660 at $5, 3 cows av 757 at

$4. 25, 2 do av 815 at $4. 25, 3 do av 883

at $4. 25, 2 steers av 825 at $5.50,1

bull wgh 1080 at. $6,11 cows av 920 at

$4.25, 7 do av 883 at $4.25, 8 butchers

av 957 at $5.75, 3 do av 557 at $4.75, 5

cows av 922 at $5.25, 6 do av 701 at





THE MICHIGAN FARMER 15—303





_.. "way-5" p‘.‘/‘.





“g k} 3 . a I“. W. H9

:RA’KR ’V‘ 73";"v a

£2: ”>4:-





 





Between You and Bigger Crops





stand the stumps. Clear them out. Change your profitless, tax-

eating stump fields into cultivated farm land. Clear your land the

quickest, cheapest and best way. Rip out your stumps with a





irsiin One Man





Stump Pulle r

It gives you a giant’s power. A little





an acre from a single setting. One man

push of a few pounds on the handle





can carry it, set it, and work it with

gives a pull of tons on the stump.





ease—horses are unnecessary.

It does not take many such pushes to Your money back unless it pulls the

land Mr. Stump and all his roots com—





stumps from your land. Try it ten days.

pletely out of the-ground. It Will clear No strings to this promise.

Send for Big, Free Catalogue Today /.|





 





 





’3 Learn of our Easy Payment Plan. See the photographs of the stumps it

F‘ has pulled. Read the letters from farmers who have bought Kirstins /

{Wk and are glad that they did. Learn how a Kirstin has often paid for ”/97

‘ gt, itself in a single day. Read about the Kirstin Service, which *





 





l . /’ .

if". , gives, Free, information about Land Clearing. Don’t buy //j 1:111:11: co.

a puller until you see this book. - . 1641 1111111131.... St.

' 4?)” Escanaba. Michiga-





Please send me Free

Book on Land Clearing.





 





 





Y





_ . .qfi

——_' ' «a





 





 





 





 





 





 





A

.A ‘7‘" ;’G .....

I ‘- A. J. KIRSTIN co. ,

150 Ludington Street, Escanaba, Michigan 3, Town .............................................. .......

Ill, R. F. D. or P.O.Box .............. ...Stato .......... ...-

Dobxon': Daron: fiztdb‘t‘fiili.i“2"'.?i‘z‘Ezififeffiilif’. 0 LC. 33111139112221 31953135.” “’°' ““5





lows forsale. 0110. L. Doboon, uincy. Michigan. C. J. THOMPSON. Roe ktord. Miohltan.





DUBOO Jerseys Gillie of the large heavy boned type 0 I C Swine If you are in the market. to!



bred too 8011 of Orion Cherry King the greatest. . a Spring boar, of April farrow writoto



boar of 61111 brood. Bred for early Sept. furrow. W. Mann.

F. J. RODT. R. 1. Monroe. Michigan





 





Danaville. Mich.





$5.50, 3 steers av 613 at $7.50.

Veal Calves.



Receipts 813. The quality of veal

calves offering was common as a rule

but prices held strong from opening to

close, the best selling at $12.50@13,

and common and heavy grades $6@

8.75; the close was dull with best at

$12.50@12.75.



Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 2 av

190 at $13. 50; to Parker W. & Co. 5

av 150 at $13; to Goose 3 av 350 at $7;

to Parker, W. & Co. 4 av 140 at $13;

to Nagle P. Co. 14 av 160 at $13; to





B .1 400 Bi Iypo 0. l. 6. and Chester While I’i

Duroc Jersey a‘iitig8fiiosdfi'ifieiigziiii. asnld) From 15b. Mar. and Apr fan-ow sired b the five b5:

I'D 323 NEWTON BAKNHART. St. Johns. ich. boars in the state. School Master "12707 W 0 won more





othamilii’tlnis (Alswfeatgd mori (hampiolnilil the; unyedboor

of the large. gmonth a ow . .1. bo‘.’.n sire to our unrc e'ite bro on

Duroc Jersey Boats W, 1.0....1 11-11».



E. D. Heydenberk.





vouni: herd 'it 7 state f 1113. Allen junior champion at



Wayland. Michigan. is.Statef'iii'1£llI and Captain Jini 33161 under 6



months boar 'ind lunior champion at every state fair



cHEs-l-En "H”.Ev’s Sow-4 bred for Sept. furrow. spring show 1915TI11-n we have It oux model 29015 ll rot



pi i in airs not akin inilass at Sioux (‘ity Iowm 1914. Get our cata ogne



AEXIg. A5“) BR Vassar. Mich its free. W 9 Register Fne; Guarantee satisfaction

HEb'l'ER. WHITE Mari l1 pigs either sex. lBlmklng orders {01

591ml pigs 2 v1 iir ol i saw fmroiv-ul 9 pigs SOD! F.» No rd

bOIIis2yr. old SliipC. U. I) W. A. ISin-dry, Mt. Pheasant. Mich. It. 4.





 





Hog raisers know



the value of good tankage for quick

growth, big frame and long profits. ,

But do you know any other concerng

that makes a money- back guarantee;-





in every “2

ROLLING:y VIEW STOCK FARM. Cass City. Mich.

0 I C Spring pigs either sex, large bone

° - and good gri “ti. Pric as right.

A. J. BARKER. R. R. 1. Belmont. Michi‘an

a. '. 098 Spring boars ready for service. Gilt.





good (nu-s. Satisfaction Guaranteed

.GBABAM. Flint. Mlchixln.





O. l. C. Stock all Sold





JULIAN P. CLAXTON, Swan-z Crook. Mich

0‘ I. c SW'NE. lf vouo areinterestedin

I 0. ]. C'.,s let me start

you with a choiceg). air or trio. not akin. or a gilt due

9





tofarrow about ptember first.

.J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.





o I c.l . Fairs and Trlos no akin. 2 He.

- o Holstein bulls 6 and 8 .montha ol

Cloverleaf Stock Farm Monroe. Mich B. No.1.





 





 





1011 tank we" See page 1539, our

General catalog.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago. 5 I





 





 





 





 





I

Big Typo Boers:

o I. cs' readyfogr service Bred Gilts— Fall

' I Pigs. Registered in buyers name





Mich. B. Co. 5 av 125 at $13, 8 av 145 F W t 1.

at $13. affilfl'r e are now paving rom t. roe to nine cts. » shippodC. O. D. Price-nary reason-

- ah0\e the highest. Ufiloial Detroit M rk 6

Sheep and Lambs. Quotation for eggs. shipped mus by ox recs 3 e ' able J Carl Jewett Mason. Mich





Receipts 6261 In the shoe and us for information. It Will pay you. MFR RICAN

lamb department the market onpsheep BUTTER a CHEESE CO“ ”and“ M‘Ch'

held steady but lambs were fully 25@



350 lower than at the opening Monday HA

and the quality was decidedly com-

gion; qluiteba lot of cgmmon half-fat man s

ucky am 3 among t em that were FRUIT E TMARK‘FT PRICE

hard to sell. The close was dull with Q3351. ngggglmytgtg‘. "it

tops selling around $9.75@9.90, with a RICHMOND 00.. Detroit.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Ship To The Old Reliable Haul.

Daniel McCoffrey’ I Sons Co.,

—_—623-625 Wabash Bid“ Pittsburgh?





 





 





Like This





film original big producers‘





 





 





o I (‘Iioico Gilta bu «I for fall Farrow and Sprln n3

IPigs. Prize VI inning Sim k. Writ to for low





 





 





very few early at $10. Best lambs gm - TT an, .n

. , Es —- all consign t f

$9‘75@10; falr lambs $9@9.50; llght ‘EGGS' ET“?- cprodurremiulfigrezefigfim‘? price. A. HA Grass L Mlchis

, “'11“? vs a me we prit‘M om

to common lambs $8@8-50» fair to ...... '1. ..........B........1n'z-:;;.6. o I c.11.211.11.11.restfsazésrrsiz.6'2...“-





liderod. ELMERE. SMITH, Rediord. Michigan.





 





good sheep $6 25@6.75; culls and com- ButtoerEuCo. 170 Duane Street, Neonrk, N. v.

nion $3.50@4.50.



SSandlel, s., (1515. & ($1.1 50155 Nagle P. Co. "003

4 lam s av at , sheep av 85 '1' J11. 1915 121 ii 1916.

at $65, 1g ggoav 105 at $550. 60 lambs liltiiilttldli'i Elvighiaedaz‘aa'i‘ss'

av 7 a ; i

75 at $10.15; to Sullivan P. Co. 67 do

av 78 at $9. 85, 81 do av 75 at $10.25,

6 sheep av 95 at $6. 25' to Thompson.

18 lambs av 70 at $10.10; to Nagle P.

Co. 129 do av 75.?“ $1 0.





Receipts 9500. his the hog division F" 33'0, moch' c.1328” ”fedmriiimngpm

the market was very dull and 10c low- t





 





HAVE stat-teat thousandsofbreedersonthe roadto

success. I can help you. I want to lace one hog yfrom

mneatb erdin Mneomxmmly not tendalr

resentedolfir'w theaflete fine early developers—ready for market at al:

month. my More Money fromH

ENJAHIN, o

to Thompson 54 do av 378 B B 2 D 10 1’ mm. Michigan .





a I. c’ Yearling boars; lirid sowsnnd July pl lsof

8.41» N.o 1A * quality at reasonable cos.

Write me. AH. F. BAKER, Clie'yboygan, Mic





O. I. C. HOGS





Fine April Gilts and Malos. Pairs no relation. At o

bargain if taken at once. J R. Way, Three Riven. Mich.





9 4 last fall boars big growth

: 00 '0 C S. ones. also last sprin pig:

' ' either sex, not akin. Farm X mile West of epot.

L

I

I

I





 





uroc Jerse it Some veal-ling & S

enough to end \our herd Wlll flnfillFfirtagrg‘lm‘;

Kins 6.7145 Ask about him. W. C. Taylor, Milan Mich.





”m Jcnm_§y$i and coringplualther not. from

1 i

01111111111 LAWN 132' " "inopixerafr gland}:





 





Q





Otto B. Schulze. - - Nashville. Michigan





OR SALE. dfihead of thoroughbred 0. I. C. hogs

Prices Fwill be sold at my ii‘nnual hog Rifle Ofit. 11% l:‘Vi-ito

John ’,Mchco" Station A B 4 Bay City.Mich for catalog. E. B. ilett. Fow erv1 e, c isan





er than on Wednesday and fully 500

m 1 1

lower than they were a week ago. Dnmiooue m pggmth" ”riboniimi‘ifdsgi’g





CIR-main-“

‘ ‘l-Oulnu

Tar-1.1..





 





Largo Strain P. c.—J.}',‘;.:.‘.?°..£z,‘

Gilta to far-row in Aug" Sept and Oct., got one o!





-.L





 





Pigs $8 50@9: yorkers and mixed

grades $9. 50@10; bulk of few extra

fancy 5@10c higher.





 





Holotol in oowobreed for fall. E. E.





111101 1111:1111. Am myhofsmnn emu ..





for servican. W. Kenneth}! 11.3.6





nd a fewhred now: for Mpotflnd

nia,





 





mm '0'. -

Grand lodge. Itch.





-— loo lot 013 ringw pi Write

“Mn: 0” Laloemm. o I I3. 3"" ya}: wants 3?»! 51111510611

oh. hm, Holland, Minus-:11. R. 11de

A





 





I0nr0¢,uicll. those now: wifiha DIES by Side





 





(Additional Stock Ads on page 305).





 





SWAR’I‘Z, Sch oolcraft, Michigan.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





SEPT. 30, 1916.





 





304— l 6

EIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIliIIIIIIIIIIIHWIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIII|III|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





‘III





Protecting Milk





0 you know whether the buyer



is grading your wheat, testing



your sugar beets, picking your

beans, sampling and testing your milk

and cream correctly? '



Is there any reason why this import-

ant matter should be left entirely in

the hands of the buyer when both

parties have equal interest in the work

of sampling, grading and testing?



At different times this journal has

pointed out the imperative need of

safe-guarding this cardinal act in the

marketing of farm products. A few

years ago its publishers inaugurated

at service whereby subscribers could

have samples of cream and milk test-

ed in order to have the tests reported

by the purchasers of these goods veri—

fied. That service threw much light

on the practices of milk and cream

buyers. Because of the questionable

methods employed by some we are

pleased to note that, prudent legisla-

tion is being enacted in some of our

commonwealths to compel the return

of correct reports.





Along this line the state of New J er-

sey has taken a forward step in the

matter of securing for the sellers of

milk and cream honest tests of the

percentage of butter—fat. Early this

year the legislature of that state enact-

ed a law regulating the weighing, test-

ing and purchasing of milk and cream

on the basis of the percentage of but-

terlat.



This law requires that all glassware

used in connection with the butter-fat

tests must be previously inspected and

approved by the director of the state

experiment station. The law also pro-

vides that every buyer of milk or

cream shall have in his employe a.

licensed tester by whom or under

whose supervision all testing of milk

and cream purchased on the basis of

the percentage of butter-fat contained

therein shall be done.





The director of the experiment sta-

tion issues licenses to these testers. A

written application in which the tester

states the kind of test he intends to

use must be made to the experiment

station director, following which an ex-

amination designed to prove the com-

petency of the party is held. Should

the examination prove the party to be

capable, he will be issued a license.

This license may be revoked by the

director at any time upon proof of the

incompetency of the party holding it

or his failure to comply with any of

the provisions of the act.



The law further provides that the

butter-fat reading as taken from the

graduation on the neck of the test bot-

tle must be accurately made and taken

at a temperature between 130 and 150

degrees F. The law specifically states

that no person purchasing milk or

cream and paying for the same on the

basis of the percentage of butter-fat

contained therein and no employe of

any such person shall fraudulently un-

der-read, over-read or otherwise frau-

dulently manipulate the test, or shall

falsify the record thereof, or shall read

the test at any temperature except

within the range of those mentioned

above.



Authority is granted to the director

of the experiment station or his depu-

ties to enter and inspect the premises

of any person purchasing milk or

cream and paying for the same on the

basis of the percentage of butter-fat

contained therein. The director or dep-

uty also has authority to examine the

books and records of any person pur-

chasing milk or cream and paying for

same on the butter-fat basis.



The law imposes upon the purchas-

er the duty of taking composite sam-





 





Farm Commerce.





LEIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|||lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIII||||III|IIIIII|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIlllllI|lIllIIllllIIllIllIIlIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIII|lIIIIIl1IIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIII





and Cream Tests





ples, the same to be made up of an

aliquot part of the milk or cream pur-

chased from any one person. These

samples are to be properly kept by

means of a suitable preservative for at

least ten days after the milk or cream

from which the sample was collected,

has been paid for. The experiment

station director or his deputy shall

have power to enter upon the premises

of any creamery concern for the pur-

pose of testing these composite sam-

ples of milk or cream.



In case of violation of the provision

of this act, the measure provides a

penalty of $100 for the first offense

and $200 for the second and each sub-

sequent offense. Actions are brought

by and in the name of the director of

the experiment station.





THE KALAMAZOO CITY MARKET.





 





W'ithout any investment in site or

in market shed, Kalamazoo is receiv-

ing the benefits of a public market. A

block on a side street not far from the

center of the city has been set aside as





the city market had' received the scrujl

tiny of the federal office of markets.

Ingham Co. R. H. ELSWORTH. -





COLD STORAGE ’HOLDINGS LESS

THAN LAST YEAR.





 





Butter.



The Office of Markets of the U. S.

Department of Agriculture announces

that reports from 166 cold storage

concerns show that these firms had in

storage 011 September 1, 102,843,822

pounds of creamery buttre, an in-

crease of 10.6 per cent since the re-

ports made on August 1 of this year.



Of these firms 143 made reports of

their holdings a year ago. From these

it appears that the present stock ag-

gregates a total of 100,989,976 pounds,

as compared with 101,661,678 pounds

held by’ the same firms a year ago, in-

dicating a decrease of two-thirds of

one per cent.



Cheese.



The same authority reports on 152

cold storage concerns holding Ameri-

can cheese. These firms had On hand

September 1, 30,437,771 pounds of this

product. Of these concerns 119 re-

ported their holdings a year ago. The

stock held on September 1 of this year

by the 119 firms totaled 27,745,176

pounds, as compared with 28,574,634

pounds for September 1, 1915, indicat-

ing a decrease of 829.458 pounds, or

2.9 per cent. Both whole milk and

skim—milk cheese are reckoned in the





 





 





 





 





Farmers About Kalamazoo Appreciate the Opportunity to Sell Produce Di-

rect to Consumers and Peddlers. City Authorities have Named a Street

Near the Business Section as a Public Market.





the market and each morning from

May 1 to November 30 it is the scene

of lively trading in farm produce. The

producers occupy one side of the street

and the hucksters the other, the buy-

ers who come in autos leave their cars

around the corner While they make

their purchases. The main business is

between the producers and the huck-

sters, although a few grocerymen come

to the market to procure their supplies

of fresh vegetables and fruits. The

producers come.in from the surround-

ing territory and sometimes from a

distance. For instance, the other morn-

ing there was an auto with peaches

and pears from the Van Buren fruit

belt. The number of producers on

the market each morning varies from

ten to thirty and the number of huck-

ster buyers is about the same.



The market is under the supervision

of the sealer of weights and measures

who has the title of market master and

who has police powers. He is respon-

sible to the city council. Appeals from

the decisions of the market master

must be made to the council. Violat-

ors of the market rules, on conviction,

can be fined $100 or sent to jail for

sixty days, or both fined and jailed.



The ordinance governing the market

is in many respects above the average

for such official documents. It was

prepared and passed after the plan of





above class as American cheese but

the classification does not include soft

cheese or foreign varieties.



Eggs.



Reports from 221 cold storage con-

cerns show that these firms held on

September 1, 4,761,632 cases of eggs.

This is a decrease of 10.9 per cent

since August 1 of this year. Of these

concerns 185 made reports a year ago.

These 185 firms had in storage 4,590,-

688 cases on September 1 of this year,

as compared with 5,682,950 cases a

year ago, a decrease of 1,092,262 cases,

or 19.2 per cent.





TO OFFICERS OF FRUIT EX-

CHANGES.





 





A representative of the Michigan Di-

rector of Markets, the other day, saw

eight bushel baskets of plums faced in

a most flagrant manner. The baskets

were filled about nine tenths full with a

fair quality of plums and then topped

with larger and handsomer plums of

another variety. This took place on

the packing platform of a fruit ex-

change. The plumswere loaded into

a refrigerator car for shipment to In-

dianapolis. As the packing was done

by the buyer and the fruit was for an

inter-state shipment it is likely that

the transaction is beyond thereach of

any Michigan statute. However, it be-





hooves the officers of every Michigan

shipping association to try and raise

packing standards. It is no advertise-

ment to Michigan, nor is it' any benefit

to our producers, to have fruit packed

as were the eight baskets in question,

to_ go to the trade or the consumers.

While it may not be possible in all

cases to prevent the kind of packing

described above, it certainly is the

duty of every association officer to do

all in his power to discourage it. The

success of the fruit industry depends

very largely upon getting it onto a

more satisfactory basis.

JAS. N. MCBRIDE,

Michigan Director of Markets.





 





SUGGESTIONS ON HANDLING

DRESSED POULTRY.





 





Never handle chickens roughly, eith-

er before or after killing. Rough hand-

ling causes bruises, broken bones,

scarred skins, and soft, places in the

flesh. Undue haste on the part of the

killers and pickers results in lowered

keeping quality and poor apeparance

of the product.



Don’t kill a chicken when the crop

is full of feed. Give the chicken only

water for 24 hours before it is killed.

Food in the crop or in the intestines

of a dressed chicken causes loss of

flavor and hastens decay, which more

than offsets any gain from extra

weight.



Hang the chicken by both feet while

picking. Hanging by one leg spoils

the shape of the bird. Picking on the

lap gets the skin dirty and hastens

decay.



Dry pick if possible. Scalding is

particularly undesirable where birds

are to be held for some time, because

it hastens decay.



Pack in boxes or small kegs when-

ever possible. A large barrel makes

an undesirable package, because where

poultry is packed in large masses the

weight of the Upper layers crushes the

birds at the bottom. Line all packages

with parchment paper and cover the

top of the poultry before the lid is put

on. \Vrap every head in suitable pa-

per so that blood from one bird will

not mar the appearance of another.





II|IIIII|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Livingston 00., Sept. 20.—-The yield

of wheat and oats was below normal.

Wheat 12 to 15 bushels, and oats about

30 bushels per acre. Corn, potatoes

and beans will be light crops here. Ap-

ples and pears promise well, while clo«

verseed seems to be well filled. But

little wheat ground has been plowed.

Pastures are dried up and farmers are

feeding their stock. Killing frosts on

the 17th and 18th.



Muskegon Co., Sept. 14.——-The Wheat

crop is light but quality is very good.

Oats yielded poorly, and the grain is

light. Corn isdoing well. Potatoes

are not developing tubers. The bean

crop will be small. Plenty of rain is

needed for fall seeding. Poor pros-

pects for late apples, and peaches are

scarce. Wheat $1.45; milk 150 per gal-

lon; pork 12c; eggs 300; chickens

150 per lb.



Cheboygan Co., Sept. 14.—Wheat

yielded 12 to 18 bushels per aere. Corn

is a very good crop here, but potatoes

and beans are short. More than the

usual amount of wheat and rye are

being sown. Late apples are good,

pears a fair crop. Wheat $1.50; but-

ter-fat 290; eggs 30c; butter 25c.



Ingham Co., Sept. 14.—~Corn, pota—

toes, beans and sugar beets will be

less than normal crops. Wheat yield-

ed around 20 bushels; oats 35 to 40

bushels. The ground is too dry for

plowing. Fruit prospects are poor.

Wheat $1.37@1.42; milk $1.70@1.80

per cwt: butter-fat 320; chickens 14@

15c; potatoes $1.50; beans $4@5; hay

$8@10.





Emmet Co., Sept. 15.——The yield of

early potatoes was very light. Pros-

pect for late crop is fair. The apple

crop will be small. Beans will yield

below an average crop. Wheat $1.30;

hand-picked beans $5@5.25; eggs 32c;

butter 32c; pork 11@12c; new hay

$9@10.



_Berrien Co., Sept. 15.——The average

yield of wheat is 15 bushels; oats 25

bushels. Corn is maturing well. Early

potatoes are very scarce‘ and the late





(Continued on page 303).
~ SEPT. 30,1916.





I

”32;





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WWW"

Auoclational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer's most valuable

asset."





Memory Day





(September 30).





nv MRS. J. scorr M’('O.\'NELL.

We stand again, in the tender light

Of the fair Summer‘s after glow,

Just where the season, in it’s flight,

Halts ’twixt the violets and the

snow.





Just e’re it lays aside its bright

Fair verdure for the winter’s sleep

And robes itself in garments white,

We Come, a loving tryst to keep.





To deck, again, with fragrant flowers,

The low homes where our loved

ones rest

In memory of life’s sweetest hours,

To lay love’s garland on each breast.





Should there be those who slumber

here

From kindred,

away,

W'ith none to drOp the flower or tear,

Let such be ours this "Memory

Day.” I





home and friends





Wrapped in the silence of the years

No care disturbs their peaceful rest



And kindly Nature drops her tears

lmpartially above each breast.





Impartially the sunbeams fall

On love-kept grave and

mound

Love’s tender care is over all

And every spot is sacred ground.





sunken





Safe pillowed on Earth’s faithful

breast



Sleeping away the silent hours,

In sweet oblivion they rest,





Give each the tribute of our flowers.





When from this City of Our Dead,

Made fair, by loving hands, today,

Whose streets give back no echoing



tread

As silently we turn away.

This thought shall )mfort all our

ways

That, while for us, life’s storms may

heat

It holds for them no troubled days

But perfect rest and slumber sweet.





HOW SHALL WE OBSERVE “MEM-

ORY DAY."





BY J. r. DANIELS,

September 30 having been designat-

ed “Memory Day” by Act of the Legis-

lature of Michigan, and devoted to

caring for the cemeteries within the

state, and beautifying the graves

therein with flowers and loving care,

it is becoming that this day be observ-

ed by all friends of EUR DEAD.



It is suggested that the people meet

at their cemeteries at two o’clock p.

m. and the exercises be opened with

brief remarks by the-pastor, or other

selected speaker, and followed by the

reading of a selected “Memory Day”

Poem, after which the “Memory Day”

Hymn be sung and the exercises con-





cluded with the placing or flowers on

the graves of relatives and friends,

not omitting the graves of those whose

kindred are dead or far removed.

“Memory Day,” thus observed, will

awaken a helpful sentiment in the

community, and prove a blessing to





, those who observe the day.





As a people, we are becoming too

fully devoted to that which is but ma-

terial in its nature and effects, and we

need the purifying and hallowing in-

fluences which will came to us through

the observance of "Memory Day.”





THE Ml CH 1 GAN FA Riv} ER





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII





Grange.





Wumullmmmmfi



Our Motto:—~“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





 





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.



Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.



Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sing.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.



Executive Committee—C. S. Bart»

lett, Pontiac; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit

Ridge; J. W. Hutchins. Hanover; W.

F. Taylor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh,

Sault Ste. Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimon—

dale; Burr Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





 





STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

RESOLUTION.





At a fully attended meeting of the

executive committee of the Michigan

Grange at Lansing on September 6, a

strong resolution was adopted con-

demning the so-callcd home rule con-

stitutional amendment which is being

advocated by the liquor dealers of the

state. The resolution was directed

particularly against the president of

the home rule league, A. D. Edwards,

and was as follows:



Whereas, the president of an organi~

zation favoring the adoption of the so“

called “Home Rule” amendment, in-

tended to destroy the present county

local option system by providing a

smaller unit, has advertised himself

as a “member of the State Grange”





with the evi' cut intention of carrying»





the inference that he represents the

sentiment of Michigan State Grange.



And, Whereas, the State Grange in

all its annual sessions in recent years

has by unanimous vote enthusiastical-

ly endorsed the county local option

system and opposed the reduction of

the unit to the township, village and

city.



Therefore Resolved, by the execu-

tive committee of the State Grange

acting for and with full authority of

that body between its annual sessions,

that the action of the said person is

entirely out, of harmony with the sent-

iment and intent of the State Grange

and that until state-wide prohibition

of the liquor traffic becomes an actual

fact, we are unalterably opposed to

any decrease in‘the unit of territory

for local option below the county and

call upon every member in our Order

and every lover of sobriety, good gov-

ernment and clean manhood to work

earnestly and persistently from now

until the polls close on the evening of

November 7 against this misleading

and pernicious measure and we urge

every voter to vote “No” on this so-

called “Home Rule” amendment which

is but another attempt to destroy what

We have already gained in the fight

against the: saloon.



(Signed) State Executive Com.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Young Men Have Charge of Pro-

gram.——~One of the most productive

meetings which has ever been held by

Charlotte Grange was the first Sep-

tember meeting, at which the young

men took charge and staged a pro—

gram that set a pace for the older

folks that will keep them humping to

maintain. Byron Hoffner was in the

chair and conducted the meeting like

a. veteran, while every other office was

filled by one of the boys with credit to

himself. The program consisted of a

piano solo by Paul Grier and a series





of miners and talks on (to-operation

and stock improvement by several of

the boys, which showed a much more

intimate knowledge of these subiects

than would be found in many of their

elders. Those taking part were: Tom

Cole. Bvron Hofl’ner, Rollo Whitney,

Carl Rochester. Dean, and Gibbs. Mrs.

Flatter, who was in Charlotte for a

lecture at the Congregational church

in the cause. of the temperance move-

ment, arrived late. in the evening and

gave a splendid talk on the coming

election and the things involved there-

in. Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Curtiss and

Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Martin were

elected delegates to the county conven-

tion_ which will be held in connection

with the Pomona meeting in Charlotte

on October 3. This convention will

elect. delegates to the state convention

to be held in Lansing in December.





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. 17—305





 





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SPREADER COMPARES WITH IT “ " .,





 

 

 

 





bo ta are 1-16 in. larger with lock nuts.





eased in strength—higher carbon stee





vmctmniz. .

other feeds on all other machines--tho 81:10::er

MOVING A HOUSE 0" ROLL





EXCLUSIVE on the Galk





' f' y m

or kind until you have tried a genuine GALLOWAY 1917 mom-:1. No.

an "Y Thirv dayl' field trial re rnab





nee, which are all cheap, worthIeu





or three—horse needed to hand 9 u Gallowny,

plate





Am Postal Gets.





my JOB-page fall supplement to the big spring ook.

books are now ready to mail.

them. They

they are crammed fuI

factory profit. Gasoline





of standard quality merchandise

farm eraclors. (arm





standard high quality makes and ad

prom based on great volume. As for these books now





Box 139 WM. BALLOWAY, Pres... THE





 





C «a?





 

 





 





 

   





. ' y WORTH “-_,_

'fjsmonom: '





 

 





Jusr READ THESE 1917‘i'IMP’ROVEMEN1's:





The mean that every Galloway Spreader is but" stronger





teeth longer and stronger than ever which means they now tear the toughest manure finer than

ever and spread it: easner. llcavncr bolts hold the beater bars in the beater head. Rear shaft 1n-

cr Iused. Additional bolts strengthen (beyond actual neces-

sity) the beater bracket. Larger drive sprockets, which mean lighter draft than over. The

fifth wheel castings are larger and increased in strep til—spreader box sleadlor In lining. Rear

conveyor shaft now made of No. 40 carbon steel. ‘

, coated with asphaltum weather-proof paint. Spreader box better finished and painted.

'Gulloway wml srmnmc V-xAKE on every machine WORTH $15 on any spreader, 0081's You NOTHING

TEN'I'ED ROLLER renu-

ms. is mums mom: won'm $25 on any spreader. EXCLUSIVE AGAIN on

Galloway, costs you nmmc EXTRA. PATENTED Ain‘omuw sror, uniform clean out push board, won" 310





EXTRA on any spreader



on will find on the Gallbway, which are more» By GALLOWAY raw-2m. Dun tlmy a spreader of any make

0



. _ , . to us within one year if not perfectly satlufac‘tory.



this spreader In our own factories and sell it direct from factory to farm. Do not con I:





me me: so or a {a

other feature. "aka the Gal away 5 reader more invincible than ever in actual field work. No bill. cumbersome, {our-horse team



. _ Two average horses can spread with the Galloway anywhere

particular: and details of Hill 1917 model npreader now ready.





Two Books-«Write Today





Which tell the whole story. No. 1 is my 250-pa efour-color catalog. No. 2 Is



YOUR copies of these

Ask Ior yours today. Remember a. postal gem ,:

will lavo‘ outrun SI 00 to 8200 on yourfallpurchasea because





3- . .

kinds, household goods, clothing, sewing machines, furniture, kitchen uten-

sils, automobile accessories. sporting nods. shotguns, ammunition of

es, £1 priced to you at one small





WM. -

H. GALLOWAV co., WATERLOO, E’

.A. IOWA





 





/





chili $8750





and better am bolero. The beater

Beater bar bolts increased in size and strength. Beater





lltsteel tongue. All metal parts thoroughly





. EXTRA. IN-

Ex usrvu GALDOWAY priming, makes it SUPERIOR to all

RA”.





fill CL

or OUR LIGHT D mechanical principle is the ailment:





)way, costs you Normm} EXTRA. ' ‘heae are a few of the features

5, Nu. 1A or No. 8 at our risk. with ut ohbligating yourself in

er w





imitations, Over 60,000 Galloway Spreaders in use. Tl





 

 

 

 





 





.These





riced at one mall

mulomonu of all





 





 





can outpull 16 horses. Works





 





‘ i‘ WALTER





01?“?th Puller





pull on the lever gives a 48-ton pull on the stump. Made of Krupp steel-guar-

anteed against breakage. Endorsed by U. 5. Government experts.





Write today for special offer and free booklet on

Land Clearing





. _, . _. “ "3‘ Box 4 , 182 Fifth St.





Pull big stumps by hand.





Clear your stump land cheaply. No expense for team or

powder. One man with a





POWER





 

 





by Ievcragc— same principle as a jack. loo lbs.





J. FITZPATRICK

San Francisco, 081.





 





AT HALF PRICE





Genuine big type Poland China. Hogs. Bred Sowl.

SpringPigs. Bears read for Service. Speclal. the

best. big t pe fall year ing boar in Michigan. Also

registered ereheron Stallions and Mares.

J. C. BUTLER, Portland. Mlch.. Bell Phone.





Big Typo Poland China: has Warmest:

express. A. A. WOOD a SON. Saline. Michigan.





 





HAMPSHIRE 59va 8 m





l I

registered. John W. Snyder. R. 4, St. Johns. flick.





HAMPSHIRES





Boon. sows. gills and pigs. Choice stock.

A. E. BACON & 0N. Sheridan. Michigan.





SHEEP.





 





 





 





Poland China Spring Pigs





Our herd sire was Champion and Grand Champion

at the State Fair last fall. Our sows are great, big,

stretchy. splendid individuals. with best breeding,

Pigs from such matings Will please you. Get our prices.





HILLCREST FARM





KALAJQAzoo, mcH.





FOR SALE. P. C. Sows. “Big Typo "bred for Sept,

furrow. Extra good 7 months boar. March and

April pigs. 8.0.1}. Minorcas. ILW'. Mills, Saline,Mich.





mm and sows. Bred 101- Mar. and

large lg!" P- 6. April fan-ow. Sired by Big Del

Molnes, lg Knox Jr..ahd Giant Deiender. Bred to Big

Knoer. Smooth W onder3 and lllg Jumbo,!ourgreat—

est hours in state. ('nme or write. W. E. Livingston.PnrnmJIit-h.





BIG Type P. 0—100 pi .' of Mar. and Apr. furrow,

either sex, sired by Sig: Typo King 'l‘esemtr 121' A.

Wonder Jr. and Mow's Big Bone. “'u pnyexp. c urges

and record free. _ _ W. Bren-baker .8; Sons. Elsie. Mich.



' either sex. all ages Some-

F" sale POland chm" thing good at a low rice.

P. D. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids. ich.





tar 0 Type P.C. .Sows &Eilts all sold. Have 3 extra

W % good afrlug boars. Sired by Big Defender.





 





 





HAGE SHAW. AuguatI. Michigan.





as ms I’llllllll ”m“iiiil‘efikfif‘aétnm





G. W. BOLTON, Route 11. Kalamazoo Michigan;





' Poland China Pigs. either sex, pairs not

Large Shh akiubgfifgnksheep, both sex and Short-





SIIIIEIPSIIIIIES





I will be at the State Fair with '20 field rams. All

are for sale and are a better b unch than has been seen

In Detroit in recent; years. KOPE-KON Farms.

S. L. WING, Prop‘r. Kinder-hook, Mlch.





 





' will not make a show of Shro -

"10 Ingloslde Farm Shires at the fairs this fall b3:

has a good supplyof registered rams and breeding

ewes for sale. If you are in need of any

Shropshires, let us know.





H. E, POWELL. IONIA. MICE.





For Registered Shropshire ““mifiiifi’éifiii‘i’ofimh‘

Armstrong Bros., 8. No. 3. Fowler-ville. Mich.





Shropshn' 08, Ram Lambs and Yearling Rams,





also a few good Ewes t ) ofl'er.

M. A. BRAY. oxamos, tlnnhlm C3.) Mich.





SHROPSHIRES





Afew choice Rams. Dan Booher, B. 4., Evart, Mich.





 





 





 





' ‘2; l' . and ram lambs. Onetwo year

Shropsme airman-RI: ram. All of best Wonk—mutton

type. G. P. A NDREWS, Dansville, Michigan.





1 Thirty choice registered young

For sale: Sh ropshire. eiv‘es. l FifteenEcixtgg

el mbs, also year ing am am ) rarns._ m

llzl'folgomrs? . R. No. 2, Manchester. Michigan.





(M 1 ll field Rama and

“Klara ”m Sheep. ewes 033122358 for sale.

M. F. GANBSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





 





horn Bulls. R0 EVF. Pier-on. Michigan,



0 . BredSo m Rams,

Hamill"! 3mm. eepmmilél’ifni‘lvms.’°’s$‘lfiéflpi£.‘l Oxford 8 h e e P : .0 Ewe,

both sex. FmYD MYERS. R. No. 9, Decatur. Ind. EARL C. MCCARTY. Bad xe. MiCh‘SIn.





 





 





GROWTHY THE mugs:

PROLIFIC ”MULEFOOT" nEsIsr-

PHOFITABLE HOG ENG





FOUNDATION "OCR FROM BEST BLOOD OF BREED





THE CAHILL FARMS

KAuMAzoo - - - . MICHIGAN





' For Snie- Cheap. From the

Milan: - ith,lteJ. .A.

525;. "'"ll"..°.mm3st sonata... m n.





i ll k ofMerinoo and Delaines. good

Th final 0" ° M





'29.. 0in fleeces, heavy shearere, riced'to

sell. Write Egiants. B. B'. Sanders, Ashtabu a. Chip.





FOR SALE pfiiil‘éii'ifé’ep‘bfiffisi'.‘





F. H. OONLEY, Maple Rapids, Michigan.





 





 





 





Wu]. C. SMITH. Rochester, Mich.





FOR SALE “rename“ ,
306—18





 





Ferris White

Leghorns for Eggs





Compare Ferris Leghorna with

ordinary hens and you Will under-

: stand why so many thousands of

poultry keepers have Ferris W hite

Leghorns excluSively. Order a

small pen from trapnested hens

with records of over 200 eggs.

Keep a record of the eggs they lay this fall

and winter. compared With your presentfiock.

Next spring you will know that lb years care-

ful breeding has produced hens that Will a\ er-

age close to 200 eggs a year With ordinary care. .





Pens of this 200 egg quality will cost as follows:





I cockerel, 2 hens or pullets - $9.00

1 cockcrel. 4 hens or puliets -

1 cockerel, 8 hens or pullers - 22.50

1 cockerel, 1'2 hens or pullets - .

2 cockerels, 25 hens or pullets -- 60.00

3 cockerels. 50 hens or puliets - 112,00

6 cockerels, 100 hens or pullers - 210.00





These pens are properly mated. The eockercls .

are early hatched. the hens are laying and the pallets are

read v to lav. Prices quoted are for September only. to'rc-

(lllCC'flOCli before placing in Winti‘r quarters. Regular prices

are 2?; 1 higher. Sec page 8 of our catalog for particulars,

or order direct frmn this ad.



All stock is shipped on approval. You can return

Witli‘in three days (my birds not satisfactory and. money

will be refunded. We guarantee safe arrival any disinntc.

(We will ship C. O. I). if you want to see the birds «folks

paying for them. Send only Slim for a pen of the ant )

cents each for large numbers to guarantee express (,haiges.



Free 32-page catalog gives more infnmmtioirthan

is possible in this ad. Contains photos showing 3;) aciespf‘

White Leghorns: describes our methods of feed and‘ch‘ic'.

how we improve laying qualities; list of winnings at ' . in,

shows: many letters from customers; prices of exhibition.

breeding and laying stock. eggs for llnLClililg and dayk-old

chicks. Even if you are not now in the market for stoc lvle

will be glad to send you a copy. Mail a postal now W H c

you have the. matter in mind.





GEORGE B. FERRIS





rris Le horn Farm

934 UnioI:c 8 Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





 





 





POULTRY JOURNAL

Practical, Snappy. Inatructive—~YCUR

PAPER. For the breeders of Mich.,

1nd., 111.. Wish. only. You should read

it. 500 a. year. 3 mo. 10c. Agents

wanted. Big 4 Poultry Journal, Desk

26, Chicago.





 





POULTRY.





Cock birds. hens. Four pullets

Barred Hock E133. laid 950 eggs in one year.

W. C. COFFMAN. BENTON HARBOR. MICE.





Parks 200 egg strain.

Barred ROCKS Cockerels for sale.





Circular Free. Fred Altling. Constantine. Mich.





‘ ,. ll ' ,



BREEDING comings; fireplaces-

horns. lt.I.lteds. Barred oc s. .



" ‘— ' . P a bi .



Eli's 330131 333653; ’i“i‘3in’§§“°k Hilliaiief‘ii‘i‘c’iii‘gafi.





GET YOUR ORDER IN EARLY FOR





.1 f om Cousins Northern King Strain Barred

ggg’kgiei‘vrlite David \‘V. Cousins. North Port. Mich.





Exculsively. Now is the time to buy

Bu" Lflghoms pure bred stock zit a big reduction in

price. Dr. William A. Smith. Pctersburg. Michigan





OHN’S Big Beautiful Barred Rocks are all hen.





 





hatched. developed quick, good layers. each 33; pair 85 ; sold



on approval. Circulars, photos. .Iolin Nortlinii. (Tlare, Mich.

AL Pure bred S. C. Buff Leghorns



FOR 5 and white Plymouth liock cock—

orels. Kictzlen 8t Webster, Bath, Mich.





 





Prices reduced one

FOWIOI'S’ Buff ROCKS Ehnlf. bzilaiicepf seas-

on. Utility eggs 3.75 for 15, $1. 50 for 30. $2 for at, $3.00

for 100. R. u. FOWLER. Hartford. Mich.





' l t, S. C. White Or ingtons. Bargain,4 year.

Piiii’g‘iigiis and cock. 3*. 12 and 315. Just one half

what they will cost next 5 ring. MRS. MILL b

ROUGH. Pine Crest Farm. toyalOak, Michigan.





' ~ " . . l. w 't

300 B. I. RED HENS. 235%33 Ea‘t’if’gsfiifi"§3ur mrén‘?

lilps‘aiflaiililg Kié‘s’th'h Bid“; slithA'WRENh E, Micn.





088 and Single comb Reds. young and old. for sale.

RCorrespondcnce as to your Red needs InVited.

JENNIE BUELL. Ann Arbor. R. 8, Michigan.





BS Brown Leghorn (lockerele large

ROSE COM 0 in size, bred £18m pgilifi‘ Winnefifl



' -' in America. ne 0 ar eac .

Ringgvlgiligfilfgiilgl‘hs. Hillsdale. Mich.





HODE ISLAND REDS rind PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

RMales 5 to 121m. according to age 52 toSf); P. R. hens

weight 5 to 10 lbs.. eggs 15 for $1.00; 100, $5;120.'$6.

Mammoth Bronze ’l‘om Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to age 56 to $25. 10 eggs $3. A. E. Craiiiton, Vassar. Mich.





reduced prices, balance of sea-



8- 3- HaMburE Eg sson. Frrfie dcliyfryl.‘Rixilkfii'h'ittfi



h nlcns $1.00. elgian are ”Ci.“ '3. .Wl i

E‘Sgiéige.l liIVlCliViEW FARM, Vassar. Mich.





ILVER GOLDEN AND WHITE WYANDO’I‘TICS.

Eggs from all iniittings, 1.50 per 15, $2.50 per 30 until

July lst. C. W. Browning. R. 2. Portland. Mich.





s C Buff Or ington (lockerois for breeding pur-

. .





poses. ’rices reasonable. If interested write

at once to Mrs. Calvin Fuller, Bancroft, Michigan.





' Cock & Crickerels. Eggs 3]. $2. $3,

While wyalldlllle per 15. $4 ier 50, 57 per 100.

DAVID ItAY, 202 Forest Ave, ’Ypsilzinti, Michigan.





 





HITE WYANDOTTES Eggs $1.50 per 15. $2.50

W r 30. $7.00 per 100. From choice stock.

A. F ANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Michigan.





White china Geese 8:. M. Pekin Bucks





[CLAUDIA BETTS. Hillsdale. Mich.

DOGS





FOX. 2%?” asl‘iigi‘r HOUNDS

Broke to gun and iicld.ziiid guaranteed. Fox,coon & rab-





bit hound pups, from the best of stock—$5.00 each.

Stamp for photos. H. C. Lytle. FredericksburgOhio.





PURE BR ED SCOTCH COLLIE PUPS. Belgian

Hares and R. and S. C. R. I. Reds forsale. Good ual-

ity, prices reasonable. 0. E. Hawley. Ludington. Ii ich.





Skunk and Hal bit do a.

Fox “Minds Ol all CEGS, 500 Ferrets, sendIZCstamgp.

W. E. LECKY. Hoimeavillc. Ohio





 





 





 





FERRETS

3000 FERRETS FOR SALE

Price list free. C. J. DIMICK. Rochester, Ohio.

Th h t] t d b—

2000 Ferrets biiff’p.‘i2.fi§é‘ati‘imiiei

mailed free. N. E. KNAPP, Rochester. Ohio.





 





THE MICHIGAN FA’RME'R‘.

Poultry Problems





A. H., Antrim county, asks the fol-

lowing questions: (1) What feed do

you recommend for young pullets?





Use commercial poultry feed or a

mixture consisting of one part oats,

two parts wheat and three parts crack—

ed corn. Also one part each of buck-

wheat or kaffir corn if convenient. In

addition to the grain ration they

should have constant access to the fol-

lowing dry mash: Bran, 200 lbs; mid-

dlings, 100 lbs; ground corn and oats,

200 lbs: alfalfa meal, 50 lbs; meat

scrap, 100 lbs; fine salt, 5 lbs.





(During the winter months double

the quantity of alfalfa meal should be

given to add bulk).



There should be a beef scrap hopper

handy so they can have as much or as

little of it as they want. The grain

ration does little beside sustaining life.

To make growth, and later to make

eggs the ash and meat scrap are indis-

pensable if the flock is expected to pro-

duce winter eggs in geod numbers.

Meat scrap has for years been the

cheapest egg-making food on the mar-

ket and now that the prices of grains

have gone up it is even more econom-

ical to buy this than it was before.

When there is an abundance of bugs,

worms and grasshoppers to be had

they will not eat a great deal of it, but

as soon as insects become scarce they

will consume greater quantities and by

letting them have free access to it now

there will be no danger that they will

eat too much later.



(2) How often should they be fed?



While on open range the growing

chicks should have grain where they

can get their fill at any time. When

this is done they eat as often as they

are hungry. As long as they have free

run they will not get too much. When

confined during the winter they may

be fed from feeders which make them

work for what they get, or the grain

may be thrown to them in litter, all

they will eat at night and about half

that quantity in the morning. Whole

corn makes a good night feed when

wheat and oats constitute the break-

fast. The reason for giving a small

feed in the morning is to keep them

scratching. When all the grain has

been picked up they will still be hun-

gry and will finish up with dry mash.

Remember that exercise is one of the

important points in winter egg produc-

tion and keep them well supplied with

clean straw. Green food of some sort

is beneficial. It is not an egg-making

food but keeps the hen in such physi-

cal condition that egg making is pos-

sible. Sprouted oats, cabbage, beets,

carrots and potatoes are all good.



(3) What would be your suggestion

for a chicken house?



The more money put into the build-

ing the greater the interest on the iii-

vestment and the harder the hens will

have to work to show a. real profit.

Make the house as cheap as possible

and have it comfortable for the hens

and convenient for yourself. A popu-

lar design is a building seven feet from

sill to plate in front and five feet in





for each 40 hens to be housed. There

should be two large Windows in the

front for each ten feet of length, the

bottom half filled with glass and the

upper half with a cheese-cloth covered

frame which may be opened on pleas-

ant days. After the framework has

been put up, spread tarred paper over

it and cover this with the siding. Nail

lath over the edges of the paper so air

will not come through at the laps. This

makes a cheap but comfortable build-

ing. Have drinking vessels, food hop-

pers and dusting box 15 to 18 inches

above the floor so they will not be

filled with dirt and litter and the en-

tire floor space is available for scratch-

ing purposes.



(4) Would you advise double Walls





with sawdust between? It is very cold

here for a time during the winter.





The advantage of double walls, if

any, would be so slight as to not be

worth the extra expense. Cold does





\





 





the rear, 16 feet deep and 10 feet long!





 





not hurt poultry if the atmosphere of

the house is pure. Be sure of suffi-

cient ventilation and no drafts. Hens

endure long cold spells better than

abrupt changes in temperature. Dur-

ing extreme cold weather give them

an extra feed of grain at noon to keep

them exercising and be sure their

crops are full at night.





(5 Would you use a board floor or

the natural ground?





Neither. Concrete is more sanitary,

will last longer, costs about one-sixth

as much as the cheapest board floor

and is as easily laid. A thick coat of

concrete is not needed for a poultry

house floor. One inch is sufficient if

the ground has been carefully leveled

and packed. Take one part cement and

four parts sand. Put on thin so it will

spread easily and trowel down well.

Sift a pint of clear cement to each

square yard and trowel down perfectly

smooth. This will give a hard, smooth

finish that will not injure the claws of

the fowls and will not be marred by

their scratching. On heavy soils the

floor should be at least a foot above

the surface of the ground, and to make

it absolutely moistureproof spread tar-

red paper over the packed earth before

the concrete is laid. On sandy soil this

will not be necessary, though the floor

should be at least six inches above the

surface level. The cost of this floor,

not counting sand and labor, should

not exceed sixty cents per hundred

square feet. This will be returned the

first year in saving of food and litter,

not to mention the greater egg yield

due to absence of dust and filth.



C. N. WIIITTAKER.





THE MALE BIRDS.





Much depends on the male birds and

they may be purchased new for less

money than late in the season after

they have been placed in winter quar-

ters. We like to get our roosters early





‘in the fall so as to condition them be-





fore the breeding season is on. And

we do not like the idea of having them

shipped in cold weather with a possible

delay at some transfer station when

the temperature is around zero.



With one hundred Leghorn hens we

keep six males; and seven males we

find are about the right number for

one hundred hens of the larger breeds.

Some claim to have good success with

a less number of males and say there

is no use in keeping so many roosters

fighting and eating food. Purchase all

your birds at the same place and you

will have little trouble with them fight-

ing. As to feed, the farmer has an

abundance, better feed enough male

birds and be certain of good hatches.

We like to have an extra bird or two

at command if one should die or be-

come disabled. A number of times we

have been glad we had an extra for it

is difficult to get a good male bird on

short notice.



In selecting males no matter what

variety, they should be well matured,

have prominent well developed comb

and wattles. Bright red color in comb

and wattles, and clear eyes denote a

high degree of health and vigor—the

most essential points. Avoid an awry

tailed rooster, and remember, not all

pure-bred birds are good ones.



A good breeder'is better the second

year than the first and his chicks are

stronger. And often these old birds

may be bought cheaper than cockerels.



Some say, don’t buy so many roos-

ters, get one extra good one and pen

him with 12 or 15 of your best hens.

The trouble with this plan is, the av

erage farmer has too many other irons

in the fire to give penned birds the at-

tention they should have to insure

good hatches.



Don’t get the notion that it won’t do

any harm to keep roosters of your own

raising. Inbreeding decreases the size,

impairs vitality, and produces deformi-

ties in the farm poultry flock.



Indiana. FRANCES WOOD.





SEPT. 30, 1916.





BREEDERS’ iiiiircroiii.‘





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN - ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS 013;.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Bad 0





Horses.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





ABERDEEN ANEUS





We have a choice lot of Bull Calves. that are 6t012

months old and another crop coming. will be

pleased to have you visit our farm, where we havea

stock show every day; we will also have a show herd

at the Michigan. b‘tate Fair. U. L. CLARK.

Hunters Creek, Mich. SIDNEY SMITH. Manager.





 





 





 





 





 





‘YnsmflEs—One of the foremost dairy breeds. The

most economical milk reducers. Calves

for sale. White Leghorn cockere s; Duroo Janey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint.Michigln.





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





 





Reg. Guernsey Bulls, serviceable age. great grand

sons of Gov. Chane, also grade Guernsey and Jersey heifer-

6 wks old 520 each. Avondaie Stock Farm. Wayne. Mich





 





of service age and calves from

Guernsey Bulls choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS. Route 1, Battle Ceeek. Mich.





 





(‘1 uernsey (May Rose) Bull for sale. born Sept. 5, 1913.

I S ilendid animal in every respect, Dam 520 lbs. fat

class i“. J. K. Blatchi‘ord. Auditorium Tower. Chicago. Ill.





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

(i UERNSEYS





Average yearly production 422.3 lbs. of fat. three

fourths of them making their records as two year

olds. By the use of a pure bred sire. a big im-

provemcnt can soon be attained if the right

.selection is made. The. breeding of the Beach

1 Farm Herd is asgood as can be found, _and we

‘ guarantee them to be free from contagious dis-

eases and to be satisfactory in every way or

money refunded. Write and let u. tell you about

them.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE,





Coldwater, Michigan.

G U E R N 8 BY S‘B%E%I%§E%EB





Oontainin blood of world chamgivon .

HICKS' OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





GUERNSEYSJO choice yearling and two year old

'Guernsey Heifers—bred. 8250to

$350 each. J. M.Williams. North Adams. Michigan.





Do You Want A Bu“?





Ready For Set-Vice.



From a grand daughter of The King of tho

Pontiacl. Sired by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whoce dam is a30 lb. 8% 5 fat dau htcr

of Pontiac Aggie Korndykewho has more lb.

daughters than any other living ball. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





HOLSTEIN BULLS FOR SALE





3 of them 1 year old in Nov.r By 31 lb. sire. Dams



above 21 lbs. as heifers. Price $100. Younger bulls



by son ofJohanna McKinley chis $50. up.

BLISSVELDT FARMS. Jenison, Mlchi‘ln





 





 





 





 





30 lb ball for sale, 2 years old. by a son of King of

- the Pontiacs. Dam sold for $1000 in Detroit sale.





Ferd. J. Lange. Sebewaing. Mich.





1 Have Holstein Bulls, it‘ll! (£“Lvrfér‘i‘o‘lcfi'.





tive prices. L. E NELL, Fayette. Ohio.





“10 P N 0TC ii ” Holsteins





By careful retention. for many years, of largest ' ro-

ducing females. and use of superior sires, a bree ing

herd of Wonderful quailty has been established. We

are selling young bullsof this“? OP N()'1‘CH"quaIity.

of seryiceablo age, at moderate prices. Information

pedigrees.etc.. on application. ManEiisoN FARMS

00.. Howell, Michigan.





' . Ii ‘ ,d h 'f,

Guernsey Females of Qualiiy . “3;, g3; $38.33

in Sept. A. R. breeding. G.A.Wigent, Watervliet, Mich.





 





 





 





6 months old from 20 lb. dams.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





Purebred Registered





HOLSTEIN

CATTLE





Holsteins in Canada have far surpassed all

other dairy breeds in numbers. rl‘l‘lllk and butter

records. and in popular e teem. 'ihe membership

of the Canadian Holstein Assocmtion has more

than doubled in the past four years, and Holstein

cows have led all breeds in the. total amount of

milk and butter produced in a year and alsoin net

profit. Wherever you find them, Holsteins are

proving the greatest profit makers for the farmer

or dairynian. There’s big money in the big

“Black andWhite" Holsteins.





 





Semi for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets

The liohiein—lriesian Association of America.

F. L. Houzliton. Sec'y.. BOX "4. lralileboro, Vl'





 





 





 





 





 





BULLS ALL SOLD

Holstein-Friesian Cattle A. R. O. herd,

tuberculin tested annually.



PEACELAND STOCK FARM, Three Riven, Mich.





 





Chas. Peters. Herdsman. C. L. Brody. Owner. Port Huron





I can show breedin%0re§ords, in dividualiiy and atlnc





FOR SALE Two Holstein Bull Calves ‘





 





 





 





l

'r





l





.4-





. My ,. Wag—.na’vms.- ws





.. fig 2. .._





~,...-
SEPT. 30, 1.916.

gmmummmnunmmmlmimimmmmmmmm . ME,





Veterinary; E:





amulfllfllilflllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilillllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilfi





 





CONIDUCTED BY ~W. C. FAIR, v. s.





 





Recurrent Ophthalmia—Moon Blind-

ness—I have a mare about eight

years old, going blind in one eye; our

local Vet. calls it a case of moon blind-

ness. The pupil of the eye seems to

be covering with a blue scum and I

would like to know if by treatment I

can prevent the other eye becoming

diseased? E. B., Grand Rapids,

Mich.——-Recurrent ophthalmia usually

terminates in producing loss of vision

of one or both eyes. Darken her sta-

ble window with a green shade, keep

your barn clean and free from foul

gas, keep her bowels open, avoid over-

heating her and when her eyes get

sore give her 37% dr. of potassium 10-

dide and 2 drs. of Fowler’s solution at

a dose in soft feed twice a day. Dis-

solve a teaspoonful of boric acid and

a teaspoonful of salt in a pint of water

and apply to eyes twice a day. ‘



Incipient Heaves—Enlarged Glands.

I have a seven-year-old mare that

shows symptoms of heaves. When

eating food she makes a noise and

breathes much like a man with the

asthma. The glands of throat are en-

larged. I also have a two-year-old colt

whose wind is not affected, but the

glands of his throat are swollen. R.

A. R., Marion City, Mich.—~Feed your

mare no clover or musty, badly cured

fodder of any kind. Grain and grass

is the best. summer food and grain and

roots the best winter food. Give 1/2 dr.

fluid extract; lobelia, 3 drs. of Fowler’s

solution and 12 dr. fluid extract nux

vomica at a dose in damp feed three

times a day. Your stable should be

kept clean and well supplied with

fresh air; besides, an animal of this

kind should be exercised daily. Apply

one part iodine and 12 parts of fresh

lard to glands of mare and colt three

times a week.



Foot Lameness.—I have a five-year-

old pacing mare that is lame in fore

feet, caused perhaps from founder. I.

G. H., North Street, Mich—Clip hair

off coronets and apply one part red

iodide mercury, one part powdered

cantharides and eight parts lard every

two weeks. Stand her in moist clay a

few hours a day. An animal of this

kind, in this condition travels best

with rolling motion shoes in front.





Eczema—Have a five-year-old mare

troubled with eczema. C. E. K., Belle-

ville, Mich—Clip her and apply one

part coal tar disinfectant and 30 parts

water and occasionally apply one part

oxide of zinc and five parts vaseline.

Give her 2 drs. of Fowler’s solution at

a dose in feed or water three times a

day for not less than 30 days.





Thickened Glands—Cow Gives

Bloody Milk—The throat of my mare

appears to swell more or less every

night I turn her out to grass, but she

does not appear to be sick; I believe

she is in foal. R. A. U., Croswell,

Michm—Mix together equal parts pow-

dered sulphate iron, salt, ginger, gen-

tian and bicarbonate of soda—give her

a tablespoonful at a dose in feed twice

a day.



Sprained Fetlock.——I recently receiv-

ed a samplecopy of the Michigan

Farmer and notice you answer veteri-

nary questions through your columns.

I have a mare that has been hitched

with a long chain while she grazed,

and she became entangled in it and





 





either sprained or bruised ankle joint‘





’S'oii‘ , of King of tlie Pontiacs and Hilldale

Segis one of the Best Daughters of King Segis .1.





Daughter of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke.





Oakland Lady (a 29 lb. cow).





Three Hampshire Gilts (bred).





0





were





FLANDERS FARMS,





 





King of the Pontiac Segis, Born May 16, 1915 at the Head of Our Herd





.-. ' ,1-1;





A Few Specials for October and November, at Prices

to Fit Most Any Pocket-book



1. Maplecrest DeKol Ogden No. 94162—Born April 13, 1912, sired by Friend



Hengerveld DeKol Butterboy 29303; Dam Maplecrest Pontiac Ogden DeKol,



2. Nye Pontiac Burke—Born Nov. 28, 1911, Sire Pontiac Burke; Dam Queen





Four Bull Calves—well bred and well marked.





Five Rambouillet Rams from the well known Thomas Wyckoff flock.

About seventy-five S. C. White Leghorn Cockerels.

Positively Guaranteed as Represented.





Orchard Lake, Michigan.





 





breeding and quality.





will be in the Sale.

W. R. HARPER, Sale Manager.





A Quality Sale of

Registered Holstein Cattle





AT THE





West Michigan State Fair Grounds

In Grand Rapids, Michigan, on





Monday, October 16th., 1916





The Annual October Consignment Sale of the

West Michigan Holstein Breeders.





70 Head of High Class Registered Cattle from the Breeders’ own herds,

chosen to please the Purchaser who desires to buy healthy cattle of good

Everything over six months old carefully Tuber—

culin, tested by competent graduate Veterinarians of acknowledged re—

liability. A glance at the Pedigrees of the 30 lb. reference Sires in our

Sale Catalog will convince the Buyer that West Michigan Breeders have

as well bred Sires as any Section in the United Sta tes.

long to mention individually. Choice females will be offered which are

sired by or bred to these High Class Bulls.

If interested write for a Sale Catalog.





The list is too

A few choice young bulls





Middleville, Michigan.





 





 





and I would like to know what to do‘I





for her. Our local Vet. examined her





gitis. H. L. H., Mayville, Mich—Give

your mare 1 dr. potassium iodide at a

dose in feed or water twice a day, and





apply the following lotion three times;





? Brookwatcr Farm, Swine Dept, Ann Arbor, Mich.





a day: Dissolve 1,4 lb. acetate of lead,





3 ozs. of sulphate of zinc, 2 ozs. of;





powdered alum in a gallon of water.:

She should have walking exercise two





or three times a day.

Itchy Neck—I bought a three-year-





Duroc Jersey Herd Boars





. ; i 101'! in of Hi hCius Fall Bou- Pi s. Bret-din d 1 di id ii

hurriedly, thought she had lymphan- Spec“ er 5 g s g": n v u“ ty 5°"!





enough for breeders who appreciate the lust.





Also some good farmer's hours.





This is the best lot of fall pigs we have ever had to offer.

dial invitation is extended to visit the farm andinspect the stock. 'If you wish one of the best





A cor-





young Jersey bulls in Michigan we have him for sale. For further particulars, address,





 





HOICE HOLSTEIN BELLS—all from A.R.O.dams

Entire herd on Semi of. test. for yearly work. Jr.





1 "-yr.-old just finished year’s record of 0\'er1.">.000 lbs.





old colt that had been worked some,





but he appears to suffer from an itchy





gave him some sulphur and also gave

medicine which our local Vet. pre-

scribed, but it. failed to do him any

good. H. B., Bronson, Mich—Give 2

drs. of Donovan’s solution at a dose in

feed or water three times a day for 30

days. Also apply one part bichloride

of mercury and 500 parts water to the

itchy parts three times a day. '



Rheumatism.———I am a new subscrib-

er to the Michigan Farmer and would

like to have you tell me What will help

a brood sow which seems to be rheu-

matic in hind quarters. She is not

pregnant. S. J., Bronson, Mich—Give

your sow 15 grs. of sodium salieylate

at a dose three times a, day. Instead

of feeding her so much corn. feed

some oats, oil meal, tankage and roots

or grass. -





 





milk.o\'er 1000 lbs. butter record in mature ("lassJThe'rry

Creekb‘toek Farm, ALE. Parmelle, Prop., Hilliards,Mich.





Holstein Bull Cali. ‘2 nearest dams average 90lb





, _ , ngfi-milk per day Pontiac Korndyke and Hencerveld

condition of the shoulders and neck. I=De





ol breeding.Prices i‘lgl’it. John A. Riuke,“vsrren.31ich

Holstein Calves, 10 heifers, and 2 hulls 15‘16LhS pure,





5 weeks old, beautifully markeil,$20.00 each, erst“

(or shipment anywhere. Edgewood Farm,whiuwater,Wis





MIGHIBAN HOLSTEINS





4 to 12 Mo. World record sire. High

testing dams—~from $39 up to 8299. Let

us send you one on trial. You should

not buy until you get our book.



Long Beach Farm,

AUGUSTA, (Kalamazoo Co.) HIGH.

25 MllVEkEn- Handsome Holstein

01“] s l O bull) (31!. D78 whitte.

. ' .25b buffr u. amexra

2,1331%: iheghrgir‘izoeennofir FARMS, Detroit.

' ' Y .b ll d, for Her ice.

Registered llllstems. ao‘ii‘.‘.“i’...‘.1mi°é‘. “emanation

guaranteed. W. B. Jones and J. F.Lutz. Cohoctsh, Inch.





 





EXTRA coon

Holstein Bulls For Sale





I have some from A. ll. 0. dams with records of

from 16 to “.22 lbs. with the best milk producing

blood in them thatcan he had. These are from i

to 7 months old and I will make a cheap price to

move them. Also have a. few females for sale.

Let. me know what. you want.





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms,

BREEDSVILLE, - - MICHIGAN





 





EG. HOLSTEINS: Herd headed by Albina Bonte

_Butter Boy No. 93124. Dain's record at 6 yrs. butter

28.03 lbs. milk 619.4. Yearly record at 2% yrs. butter

8021bs. milk 1:822 lbs. W. B. READER, Howell, Mich





, Hartog,” is one of the four 121.

‘ “Pontiac. Anggic Korndyke "





19..307





The Howell Consignmnt Sales





Co. of Livingston-County ,





Will hold its 3rd Annual Sale of 100

lhead of Re istered Holsteins at the Sale

Pavilion owell, Mich., on Oct. 24th.





- Catalog Oct. 10th.





JAY B. TOOLEY. Secy'.





 





éBull Calves





‘ From A. R. O. Dams, Sired liy “Maplecrest Korndyko





Hengervcld.” whose. Dam, ”RIH‘DIQ‘CI‘GX‘; lgyntichlorzé

J poun ang ten; 0





rite us about these Calves, and our,





Berkshires





And we will quote prices that will move them.





- Swigartdale Farm, Petersburg, Mich.





 





' ' yearling lieil'cr. Dam, zi25.l{)ll).

R8§I3lered ”DISleln jr. four-)t‘zir-oldgranddaughter

0? (intiac Butter Boy. Sire. u grandson of chgenteld

licKol out of 25.97 ll).ilill|l. Nice individual. host of

breeding, $150 delivered, snl'i- ni’rirul mmrnniecd.“’ri! u

for pedigree. Hobart W. Fa), Mumn. Michigan.





H E R E F O R D g “Iiiiznfilllr $231121





ALLEN BROS.. PAW. MICH.





Registered Jersey Battle For Ssle





 





 





' Lu Carlieite’s Laddic No. 130%? dropped June 11, It‘ll,





a line show hull and surestockcr. Sire (a double grand

son of Golden Feni's Lad and grand son of Eminent

2nd P.5ire of over 70icz~=lcd daughters] has R. of M.

backing on both sides. Dam .1 Ft. Lambert cow in ll.

of M. with 5051i). lui' icr. First checki‘orifll Oiakes him.

1 bull calf dropped Oct. 6.1915. dam a iOlb. 6 i cow. Sim

FHir\"s Golden Eminent. 110m “hose dam has records

as follows. 6501b. butter as 7 yr. rld 793 lb. 14 oz. as 8 _\ r.

old. 1 R. of M. cow and .-ome untested heifers. prlcl at

right. J. R. Worthington, R. 7, Lansing.Micb.





 





illie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

J of M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale. Colon O. Lillie, Coopersville, Mich.





from high-producing dams.with

lam! Bill's lor sale testing Asso. records, also on

semi—official test. 0. B. Wehner. ll. 6. Allegan. Mich





 





 





TIE WILDWOGD JERSEY FARM





offers for sale choice young Bulls by Majesty's Won-

der and it. of f. cows, or cows on R. of M. tests.

Will also offer a few cows for sale this fall. “'rite for

pedigree and full particulars. Satisfaction guaran-

teed. ALVIN BALDEN. (:APAC. MICH.





M I L R. of M. JERSEY HERD offers for sale.

ape ane tuberculin tested cows, heifers, bulls,

and bull calves backed by several generations of R,

of M. breeding. IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan;



B u l I





Jerseys For Sale m...“





ready for service and cows and heifers soon to freshen.

Mesdowlsnd Farm. \Vnternianh Waterman. Ann Arbor. Illicit.





REGISTERED JERSEY BULLS FOR SALE





1 yearling, and Bull calves from B to 10 months

old. Also 3 cows. 'rite your wants.

SMITH- PARKER, R. D. No.4, Howell, liliihigan,





 





 





 





 





BIDWELL SHORTHORNS





For “Beef and Milk”

Registered b ul 1 s,

Scotch — to ped roans,

redsandw ite for sale.





 

   





Farm at N.Y.C. Depot;

I 3'





also D. '1‘. it . y.

Minn 6.1mm" In.





BIDWILI. STOCK FARI





Albion Stamp 302670 Box B. Tecumseh. Mir-h.





Shorlhorn Cattle of both Sex for Sale

W. W. K





NAPP. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





Sh h bee B ' .

Mil" “Ell sniff; £31213 oidtro‘itihl'f'fiii‘fey°‘i§of

J. B. BUMMELL. ASON. MICHIGAN.





3"lo I AND POLLED DURHAMS FOR SALE.

0 n Have red roan and white. Have over 100

head in herd. C. Carlson. Leroy. Mich.





 





 





shodhoms—Dsiry or beef bred. Breeding stock all

ages for sale at formers prices. C. W. Cram

Soc). Cant. lich. Shorthorn Broaden‘ Assn. McBride. lich





ullklfl Shorthorns, roan 3 year old, Bates bred herd

ghull 8250. Young .lmlls and heifers.

DAVIDSON & HALL. TE CUMSEH. MICHIGAN.





SHURTHORNS FOR SALE

8 Bulls, also females. W. B. Mchillan, Howell, Mich.

FOR Sale—Reg. Short Horn Bulls-by Maanlton





Monarch 2nd.a son of Avon dale, from 11 to 13 momold

John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5.. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





FOR SALE: Springw’ell Pieter-tic Wayne, bull calf.

of hi h breeding for $35 with pa ere. Write for

descript on. W, O. Hendee & Son, inckney, Mich





H005.





Berkshires of best [needingtnf Enriouihgesfiiiher

sex, a regis ere stoc . no a in.

special reduced price. Write )our wants quick.



Mitchell's Lakeside Farms. 1L2. Bloomingdale, Mich.





The Very Finest Berkshire Firs Cheap





C. S. BARTLETT, Propr. Pontiac. Michigan





 





 





' of various ages, cit er sex, 0 en orbred

l'rkshqus' prolific strains, Registered. apt model-std

Inlmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Michigan.





’ Bears and gilts. May farrowcd, 131' o

BerkShlre growthy fellows. Also a litter just rea y

to wean. A. A. PATTULLO, R. 4. Deckerville, MiCh.





price.





ERKSHI‘RE SO“? and yearling gilt bred to [arrow

early in bc‘uteniher. BORN ready for service. Also

open gilts. Chase Stock Farm, R. 1, Marlette, Mich.





ROYALTON Bred Berkshires. Extraordinary odor.



Bred flows. bizarsliieady £3? fgervice and pigs both

sexes, 59 mg on . a regis re stock with a era.

D. F. VALENTINE, Supt., Temperancepfliich.





f

REGISTERED BERKSHIBES 3033331323. by th"





ed

approval. 3. B. REAVEY, AKRON, MICHEGAlm





 





F0" s‘lE~.\ly herd of 12 selected Grade Holstein

Cows. Ymnuz. soon to freshen. Reasonable





price. J.E. GAMBLE. Hart. Michigan.





 





6 Year registered Holstein cow and her 2 months

old hill'flilcfllf eligible to registrV. both wellmark-

ed. Price 817:». S, A. FOSTER, OKEMOS, MICK.

FORTY head grade Holstein cattle ranging from six



months to five years. C. E. ROGERS, “Gold-

smith Ave, Phone Cedar 135], Detroit, Mich.





“no hnvs {registered F. F. heifer-‘2'“. old bred to a

hull with R sisters from 30 to 3") lbs. of Butter in

Sivan 29"”. $50 toAS7ab3y10lLoico oi(§4H.F.bullI

a v r Perv-ca. . , . ac inn. ' mos

NETHERWAY BROS., GARLAND, MICK.





DUROC JERSEYS





A choice lot of spring pigs. both sex. pain: and trios,

not. akin. Prices reasonable. Send for pedigrees.

THE JENNING'S FAR MS. R. F. DJ. Bailey, Mich.





LW. KEEIEY. Eric. Mich. giliSég‘éi‘ié’i‘figi’hffifé

Swine. D. M. k ’1'. local from Monroe or‘Toledo. keeney Stop.





 





 





DUBOG Jersey Special. Pins 8 wks. old Sl2each. Trio

for 835, no kin. Reg. and Del. anywhere in state for

next 10 days. J. Robert Hicks, St. Johns. Michigan.





Breeders’ Directory—Continued on page 303
308—20





Finance and Investments





BY J. R. MILLIGAN.





Side Lights on the Investments of the

Late J. P. Morgan.



T is safe to assume that the late J.

I P. Morgan, during the last decade



of his life, devoted some consider-

able thought to the questions of how

to proportion his investment securi-

ties, or “put his house in order,” be-

fore his death. Possibly the large part

of his securities had been arranged,

with this in View for many years. It

is very interesting and instructive to

look over some of the figures, at least.





He may have, of course, distributed

many securities among his children

long before his death, as well as in-

corporated some of his realty hold-

ings. However, these are the avail-





able figures:



His realty holdings totaled only $2,-

000,000 of his $78,000,000 estate~less

than four per cent.



Outside of his purely banking in-

vestments—Trust Company holdings,

etc., his stocks and bonds amounted to

one-quarter of the estate (about $19,-

000,000), of which a large proportion

was stocks and only 10 per cent, or

about $2,000,000, were active bonds,

($1,000,000 New York Central 4s).

Though this is a very small proportion

of a $78,000,000 estate, it provides a

sufficient block of securities to

pledge hastily for a special call for

cash in Wall street.



Among the total of $4,500,000 bonds,

were many inactive industrial proposi-

tions, that should be classified with

stocks in a certain sense. Undoubted-

ly, they were in most cases underwrit-

ing participations, for which no public

market. or demand had ever been

created.



From the above, the writer assumes

that either J. P. Morgan thought that

period (1912) was no time to be “long

of bonds” in great quantities (in the

general meaning of Wall street), or he

did not favor them at all for a million-

aire, except as a nest egg of the

“quick collateral” type.



His largest investment of railroad

stocks is not hard to guess—New Hav-

en, nearly a million+SOut.hern R. R.

comes second, with only $200,000, and

New York Central third, with only

$135,000. His Argentine R. R. invest-

ment of half a million hardly concerns

our comparisons. Without them, his

railroad stocks of $1,500,000 contrast

amazingly with industrial stocks of

$4,500,000, and public utilities of $1,-

750,000 (of the latter $700,000 was in

Niagara Falls Power alone). His ap-

parent belief in power companies must

have been strong, to compare so near-

ly equal to railroad stock investment.

He may have desired to liquidate his

New Haven stock, but for many reas-

ons (other than related to invest-

ments) preferred not to force the mar-

ket. He may have believed the indus-

trial propositions had more potential

future than the rails; or possibly he

disliked the political dilemma of the

railroads such as they are facing again

at this time.



Incidentally, the valuation figures

used, were of some years ago, when

J. P. Morgan died, and New Haven is

now worth probably only half what it

was then.



It is more than likely that during

his active life, many of his invest-

ments changed frequently, even in

normal times. Bankers have a right

to buy and sell whenever it, is to their

supposed advantage. That helps to

make a market in both good and bad

times. '



Comparing this estate with another

noted capitalist’s, Harriman, the chief

difference is that Morgan, essentially

a banker, died with the largest divi-

sion (45 per cent) of his estate in

bank stocks and banking business,

whereas Harriman, a railroad man,

had a third, the largest, division in rail—

road stocks. It is, of course, natural

that the greatest confidence should be

placed in the special field of enterprise

each man was identified with.



The following arbitrary classifica-

tion is of interest: About



$30,000,000 (38 per cent) banking

business, firm J. P. Morgan & 00., etc.

$6,200,000 (8 per cent) bank stocks,

trust companies, etc.; 3,000,000 (4 per

cent) real estate; $2,300,000 (3 per

cent) active railroad bonds—“quick

collateral;” $2,300,000 (3 per cent) ac-

tive railroad stocks—“quick collater-

al;” $2,300,000 (3 per cent) public util-

ities stocks and bonds; $7,800,000 (10

per cent) general industrials (and

miscellaneous) stocks and bonds (dif-

ficult to classify industrial bonds from

industrial stocks); (31 per cent) oth-

er property (not related to our com—

parison). Total, 100 per cent.





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMEAR





The Rest of Your Farm Is Upato-Date

—What About Your Home?





You modern business farmer—With your up-to-date machinery, labor saving

equipment and improved methods of farming—What about your home?





Have the improvements in your home kept up With the improvements you

have purchased to save your labor on the outside?





Or, in your efforts to succeed have you been too busy to think of and provide

the modern comforts and conveniences for your wife and children?





Chief among the modern improvements for the farm home is good light.





Times have changed. The dirty, dangerous oil lamps and lanterns have

long ago gone out of fashion—Where progressive farmers are concerned.





Pilot-Carbide-Outdoor





Lighting and Cooking Plants





have totally changed the old-fashioned

methods of house and ham lighting and

cooking in the country home. '





Hundreds of thousands of farmers—men

like yourself—in all parts of_ the country——

have already equipped their homes With

this permanent improvement.





Some are friends and neighbors of yours.

Their families are now enjoying this com-

fort, safety and convenience — Without

which your home will never be complete.



They have chosen the PILOT not only

because it gives themall the bright, safe,

clean light they can use—but cooking fuel

as well.



Because they can lighttheir houses and

barns without matches'Because thePILOT

entirely eliminates all the dirty, disagree-





able daily labor of caring for lamps. Be-

cause they have an abundance of brilliant

light always on tap Whenever they need it.





Because the PILOT takes up no room in

the house, but stands out of doors — on

top of the ground—anywhere. It is simple,

automatic, dependable. Needs but a few

mmutes’ attention once a month or so.





Write for our illustrated catalogs and de-

scnptlve booklets giving all the facts. Find

out today about the PILOT.





A. R. GRAHAM, Supervisor





810 Mason St, FLINT, MICH.

OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY. CHICAGO





Largest Makers of Private Lighting and Cooking

Plants in the World.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG & GRAHAM





WHOLESALE ONLY.





DETROIT.





ESTABLISHED lull.





HARNESS 'PULL our THE





HORSE





COLLARS





Ask Your dealer for the label





STUMPS!





HERCULES!





. All Steel Triple Power Stump

Puller pulls an acre of stumps a day

-lncreaaee the value of your



land 100%. Makes room for



money crops. Guaranteed



for 3 years against break-



age from any cause. Send



name for fine tree





.. HERCIILEB Ire. co.

contervlflo,“ v [1.8.1.





 





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