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The Only Weekly Agricultural,





VOL. CXLVll. No. 15

Whole Number 3909





Mid—E





h...





PUBLISHE





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{4777/ /-//// /’.‘;r/





 

 





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Horticultural,





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DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1916





 





and Live Stock Journal in the State.





3 50 CENTS A YEAR

82 FOR 5 YEARS





Marl—Its Value In Soil Management





By M M. McCOOL, Ph. D.





Professor of Soils, M. A. C.





CID or sour soils are of frequent

occurrence in Michigan. Such

conditions obtain in all classes,



the sands, loams, clays and mucks,

but preliminary studies reveal these

are most frequently met with in the

sandy group. Moreover, these studies

show that the degree of acidity varies

greatly; some soils require only a few

hundred pounds of lime to correct this

undesirable condition, and others sev-

eral tons, being so acid that the

growth of alfalfa, sweet clover, and

red clover is prohibited, and certain

othercrops more or less injured there-

by. This, then, becomes one of the

leading soil problems of the state. For-

tunately there are extensive deposits

of lime, both as limestone and as marl

within the borders of the common-

wealth which can be removed and util-

ized to correct soil acidity. It is desir-

ed to, call attention to the frequent oc-

currence of marl and its value when

applied to sour soils.

Occurrence.



’ Marl underlies many of the peat and

muck deposits of the state, and is fre-

quently met with along the shores and

in the beds of lakes. The depth at

which it is encountered varies from a

few inches to several feet, and the

thickness of the beds likewise varies

enormously. -



Origin.



Certain investigators hold that much

of the marl comes from the broken

down remains of shells of lower ani-

mals, such as the mollusca. Others

maintain that the material was wash-

ed out of the soil mass and accumu-

lated with the drainage water and wa-

ter from springs in both the tempor-

ary, and more permanent lakes, and

ultimately settled out of suspension as

silt settles out of water. We shOuld

not overlook the important fact that

lime rock is composed largely of the

same material, having been solidified

by pressure.



Marl is easily recognized in some

cases by the presence of shells, and

the material in many deposits when

first removed is usually a pasty mass

ranging in color from light to dark

gray. Upon drying the color usually

becomes lighter and the mass may be

easily crumbled or broken up, or pul-

verized. This latter property, how-

ever, is governed largely by the pur—

ity. In addition, it readily dissolves,

, giving off bubbles of gas when brought

into contact with either muriatic acid

or vinegar. This latter property can

readily be made use of in identifying

this substance by placing a teaspoon-

ful of the material in question in a

tumbler half filled with vinegar, or in

one containing about a tablespoonful

of muriatic acid. Although the purity

can be’judged in a measure by the

amount remaining after the action has

ceased, it is well to send a representa~

tive sample to the experiment station,

or to some commercial chemist.



Composition.



The marl beds vary enormously in

composition, as well as in mechanical

properties. Some are almost pure car-

bonate of lime and others are compos-





ed largely of carbonate of-lime and

some contain appreciable amounts of

carbonate of magnesia, while others

contain less carbonates and more im-

purities. . Attention should be called to

the fact that small amounts of phos-

phorus exists in some deposits. Ma-

terial that contains 75 per cent or





weight of a given volume of marl de-

pends upon a number of factors, such

as purity, or carbonate content, water

content, and texture. In order to throw

light upon this and other properties of

marl, samples were taken from marl

beds and studies made in the natural

condition. In the table below are pre-





 





 





A Typical Marl Bed in Southern Michiqan.





more of lime carbonate is considered

to be of high grade.



When marl is first removed .from

the bed it contains a great deal of: wa-

ter, the amount retained depending





 





(Photo by Chapin) .





sented data, showing the water in

marls, the weight of a cubic yard, and

the amount of lime carbonate in one

cubic yard of material, figured on wet

and dry basis respectively:





 





Water Content and Weight of Marl.





Wt. of Wt. of

Per Ct. Wt. of lime car- lime car-

Per Ct. Per Ct. H20 Wt. of cu. yd. bonate bonate in

of H20 on on cu. yd. of wet in 1 en. 1 cu yd.

Sample carbon— dry wet dry in marl in yd. of of wet

o. ates. basis. basis. lbs. lbs. dry marl. marl.

1 75 46.7 32 1652 2430 1239 1239

2 85 45.5 31.3 1665 2424 1415 ' 1415

3 88 38.9 28 1670 2319 1470 1470

4 95 35.1 26 1731 2339 1644 1644





 





upon the impurities present as well as

the compaction of the mass. After all

dripping has ceased, or the so—called

“free water” has drained away, the

water content may still be high. The





The results of these studies show

that the average water content of high

grade marl approximates 30 per cent

011 the wet basis, and that the weight

of a cubic yard of the same is about





 





 





Sweet Clover Requires an Abundance of Lime for its Profitable Growth.





 





 





2,400 pounds, and that when one ap-

plies one yard of wet or dry marl—

carbonate of lime content 88 per cent

—-he adds approximately 1,400 pounds

of corbOnate of lime. These studies

are of far reaching economic import-

ance and should be considered when

one contemplates applying marl to the

soil. If one purchases on the basis of

volume or a cubic yard the water con-

tent is of no consequence so far as the

actual amount of lime is concerned,

as the above table shows.



Non-Agricultural Uses of Marl.



Marl is made use of in numerous

ways. It is known to be powdered and

marketed for polish, for adulterating

certain substances, and in addition,

large quantities are burned and made

use of: in making cement. Many of the

deposits are so high in lime that clay

is mixed with the mass in order to

turn out cement of highest quality. VJe

have talked with many farmers who

did not appreciate the fact that marl

and lime rock are largely composed of

the same substances, and therefore,

Very much alike when properly treated.



What Marl Does in the Soil.



Marl, as well as other forms of lime,

when judiciously applied to soils may

perform divers functions. It is gener-

ally looked upon as being an improver

of the tilth of all classes of soils, mak-

ing the finer textured ones somewhat

less plastic, and the sandy ones less

porous in nature, but we desire to

state that we are forced to conclude

that unless applied in very large

amounts this is of small importance.

It is well known that it greatly in-

creases the activities of certain of the

desirable soil bacteria, such as those

that form nitrates ir the soil, those

that enable the leguminous plants to

increase the nitrogen content of the

soil, and those that fix atmospheric

nitrogen in the soil in the absence of

growing plants. These are all looked

upon as being of great importance in

governing soil productivity.



Marl undoubtedly brings about re-

actions in some soils, the result of

which is more available phosphorus

for crops. This probably takes place,

to the greatest extent, when applied to

very acid soils. It releases, but per-

haps to a less degree, potassium from

certain compounds in the soil. In ad-

dition, acid or sour soils may be

sweetened by applying sufficient quan-

tities of marl to them, this being the

most important function of marl or

lime when applied to the soil.



M,ar1 as well as other forms of lime,

has proven its value in connection

with good soil management. The writ-

er, during the past season, has seen

hundreds of fields where it has pro-

duced wonderful results, when applied

to soils devoted to alfalfa, red clover,

sweet clover, vetch, and a smaller

number where it has resulted in in-

creased yields of barley, wheat, and

corn. On the other hand, I have noted

where other soil conditions, suclf as

poor drainage, deficiency of vegetable

matter, or available phosphorus, are

the chief limiting factors that applica-



(Continued on page 311).
' The Lawrence Publishing Co.

Editors and Proprietor: -

80 to 4.5 (Io-Tum ”In?" w W

N" You: own: H81 rams Ave.

.CHIC‘GO WFC E—604 Advertising Building.





CLEVELAND OFFICE—101140.15 Mon Ave.. N. E.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—261463 Sufi Third. 5:.





M. l. LAWRENCE......... .. ‘ 'W

M. L LAWRENCE ............................. WW

3. H. IOUGHTON....................................5¢c,-1m,





"no... mo-ouonoto





 





 





 





 





I. K. WATERBUIY.................................



BURT WERMU'I'H ..... Austria!



FRANK A. WILKEN-... . ........... Educ”



ALTA LAWSON LITTELL .................. . .....



E. H, HOUGHTON .......................... filming" Manggey

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:



0‘ m 52 Em.........n--....-..-..........-..........-.5.m



The mm. 156 issues ....................................... m_25



Plum 260 m..........-...-.... -......-........ 2.00





All sent postpaid.

Canadian subscriptions 50: a yearcxtra for postage.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



“coupe! line ante type mam-mt. or £5.60 per

Inch (14 agate lines per inch) per insertion. No adv't in

lei-ted for [en than $1.20 each insertion. No objection

0N3 dwar'nonem inserted a: any you.





MP Mdm





 





m. mud clan! mun arise Detroit. lithium

”tain.





DETROIT, OCTOBER 7, 1916





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





It is estimated that

more than $150,600,—

. 000 worth of proper—

ty is destroyed by fire each year.

Property burned up is iorever gone;

fire insurance companies do not re-

place it, they merely collect from pa-

trons a tax which is distributed to

those carrying policies in their com-

panies who suffer fire losses. A heavy

share of this loss, as well as a consid-

erable percentage of the five thou-

sand persons killed and many thou-

sand injured annually by fire falls up

on rural communities because of the

{remoteness of the average farm from

adequate help in case of fire, and the

, lack of adequate means of fire preven-

tion on the average farm. The preva-

lence of wooden construction and the

inflammable nature of the surround-

ings of many farm buildings make an

additional risk from the carelessness

of owners or employes.





In view of these facts, a campaign

has been organized by the Safety First

Federation of America for the general

observance of what is to be known as

Fire Prevention Day. In accordance

with this program the following proc-

lamation has been issued by Governor

Ferris of this state:



In order to arouse the citizens and

property owners of Michigan to a vivid

sense of our great fire dangers, and to

induce them to (to-operate with the

fire marshal that we may secure a re-

duction. of our enormous fire losses

and reduce our' excessive fire insur-

ance rates, I hereby proclaim that

Monday. the ninth day of October,

1916, the anniversary oi the great Ch'u

'cago fire, be known as State Fire Pre~

vention Day, and I most urgently rec.

ommend that our people observe it by

a general cleaning up and removal of

rubbish, trash, inflammable material

and waste from their premises.



Concurrent action upon the part of

newspapers, public officials, school

teachers, fire departments, and all civ-

ic societies and property owners will

surely result in such a general clean-

up of all dirt and refuse, and the re-

moval of fire hazards as not only to

promote beauty and sanitation

throughout the state, but to have a

pronounced influence in lowering the

fire loss. /



The fire losses in Michigan each

year run into millons of dollars. The

fire looses in the United States and

Canada in 1915 were $184,989,100. The

fire losses for the first eight months

of 1916 were $159,535,220, which is

nearly $50,000,000 larger than for the

same period of the previous year.



Over 5,000 persons are killed and

50,000 injured annually as a result of

fire In Michigan during 1315, 141 per-

sons lost their lives and 183 were ser-

iously burned or injured from this

cause. ounce of prevention is

worth a ton of fire fighting apparatus.

Seventy-five per cent of the fires and

accidents are due to preventable cans-

BI, and could easily be avoided by the

exercise of reasonable care and pre-

.Caution. .

. I sincerely trust the people of Michi-



‘ an will see to it that Fire Prevention

'y means something this year.





I





Fire Prevention.





\





‘ electrical





 

 

 

 

 

 





at this m are against the moon!

fire, every property m should 'be‘

impressedwithtbeneed ofbeingcon-

'stantly careful to avoid danger at fire

and should safeguard all buildings

against fire so far as possible. Just

at this season of the year when arti-

ficial heat begins to be needed in the

farm home,-tbere should be the most

rigid inspection of the heating appar-

atus, particularly stove-pipes and.

chimneys, since a large part of the

fires occurring at this season of the

year are due to defective- smoke fines.



An abundant supply of water should

also be provided at convenient places

where it can be used in case of emer-

gency, since many a fire could be eas-

ily extinguished when first discovered,

but soon gets beyond control and caus-

es irreparable loss.



The growing use of automobiles and

apparatus upon farms in—

creases the fire hazard unless proper

precautions are taken. All employes

as. well as members of every house-

hold should be taught prudence in the

.use of kerosene and other oils as well

as gasoline, since fires originating from

such sources are not only difficult to

control, but more than ordinarily dan-

gerous to life.



All farm preperty should be ade~

quately covered by insurance, not

alone for the proper protection of the

owner, but as well to give him a great-

er interest in the general proposition

of 'fire prevention, to the end that the

great annual loss from fire may be re-

duced and the cost of insurance ac

cordingly lowered. This is particularly

applicable to rural conditions, since

the larger percentage of farm prop-

erty is insured in mutualcompanies,

and the cost of insurance decreases in

direct proportion to a decreased 1mm-

ber of fires. Every Michigan farmer

can do much to make fire prevention

day effective to this end.





A communication re-

Rural Credits. cently received from a



subscriber inoneotthe

better developed agricultural counties

of northern Michigan indicates the in-

terest which is being taken in the rur-

al credit act in that section of the

state. The writer of this communica—

tion enquires Whether the organization

of federal banks provided for in the‘

act has progressed to a point where it

is possible to secure funds on farm

mortgages through this source, stating

that he has a. real estate loan soon

coming due, and that to get same re--

newed he will be obliged to pay five

per .cent commission and seven per

cent interest for a five-year term. He

states that much higher rates of inter-

est are charged on accommodation

loans and that it is uphill business to

clear up and improve a farm under

these conditions.



As many more Michigan farmers are

no doubt in a similar position, this in-

terest in the new rural credit law may

be expected to become general mall

sections of the state where high inter-

est rates prevail. No loans can be

made through this source until the fed—

eral land banks have been located and

organized, and for the first year of the

operation of the law loans can be so

cured only through the medium of na—

tional farm loan associations organiz-

ed by ten or more men who desire to

make loans aggregating $20,000 or

more. The range of loans which can

be made is comparatively wide, run-

ning from a minimum of $100 to a

maximum of $10,000 as fixed by the

law. After the law has been in opera-

tion for one year, provision is made by

which loans to farmers can be made

through the medium of established

banks which are deflgnated as agents

by the federal farm loan board. ,



It is, however, important that na-

tional farm loan associations be mn-

ized wherever the conditions warrant

such action, to the end that the effi-

ciency of this plan of rural credit may

be given an adequate trial. Interested





 

 

 





 

 





tain specific information as to the

method of procedure in «pulling a

national farm Ioan association, andthe

powers, duties, and limitations of such

associations when they have been or-

ganized. ,



A full understanding of a new plan





offinanelngthefamersoitheooun—dedd





try such as movided for in this act

necessitates considerable study, and

any cooperative action looking toward

the utilization of this form of credit

will of necessity be preceded by borne

public discussion. For this reason ,ev-

any reader who is interested in the

proposition should write to the federal

farm loan board for the literature

above mentioned.





Illinois is to have

Promoting the Dairy another D air y

Industry. Day. It will be

celebrated at

Litchfield on October 7. This is the

third event of the kind to be held in

Illinois this season. The first two

were obmrved earlier in the season at

Carbondale and Harrisburg. This'ocr

casion' is: planned to edipse- former ef—

forts in bidding for public attention.

Speakers of national reputation, in-

cluding the assistant secretary of agri-

culture, former Vicepresident Fair-

banks, and others have been engaged

as well as ten bands and three quar-

tets. The boys and girls are to be giv-

en an opportunity to compete for val-

uable calves as prizes, which have

been donated by railroad omcials and

other business men. Dairy and Food

Commissioner Matthews, of Illinois,

who planned" the afiair, estimates that

at least 50,000 persons will be present

and a big impetus to dairying is ex-

pected to result from this event.



According to the commissimer, the

“Dairy Days” already observed in Illi-

nois have contributed more than any

other factor to the encouragement of

the dairy business in that state. Since

thefirstoltheycorllOcarloadsof

mile]: cows and heifers have beenplac-

ed with the farmers of Illinois through

the agency of the dairy extension

movement. With the dairymen of Illi-

nois alive to the importance of the

marketing end of their business, as

they have successfully demonstrated

during the past year, and with the

dairy extension work of this kind in

progress, the future supply of dairy

products from that state should keep

pace with the increase in population

and demand.



The dairymen of Michigan may well

follow the. lead of their Illinois con-

temporaries not alone in the matter of

cooperating to secure a compensatory

price, but as well in advertising the

industry in which they are engaged





The Michigan Farm-



Nat’iCampalgn' er, as its readers

Advertising. well know, is not a

partisan organ and



its columns are not devoted to politi-

cal discussion and. comment. Public

questions are discussed with an eye to

the interests of the farmers of Michi-

gan and the country, regardless of

their political significance, but no

opinions are expressed regarding the

respective merits of party platforms

or the records or attainments of party

candidates. No violation of. this rule

is contemplated in opening our col:

ms to national campaign advertis-

ing placed by the responsible beads of

the leading political pol-tin. An ad-

vertisement of this nature, placed by

the national democratic committee,

appears on another page of this issue.

An advertisemmt of a similar nature,

placed by the republican national com-





mittee will appear in the issue of next .





week. These advertisements will serve

to place before the readers or this pa—

per the official messages of these two

party organizations touching the is-

sues of the ilnpending national enm-

paign, but should not in any way be

construed as editorial expression or

opinion. 'They are simply advertise-





,4





 

 

 





 

 





 





. immune"

. Foreign. I‘





 





Wan—The min-tn





The European

Zeppelin rain onLondon and the east .





coast of England (mm the t

month occurred, Sunday night, mpg:





. done

ed as slight—Greece has -a

' ed to join in the war with the

Allies and a war" ministry is expected

to be formed immediately—The Rus-

srans are renewing their drive on Lem-

‘berg With increased vigor. and troops

have made advances both to the north

and south of the Galician cap-ital. Four

thousand AnstroGemans were taken

With the fall of the Teutonic positions.

In the province .of Transylvania the

Teutons have won a. decisive victory

over the Roumanians, having shatter-

ed both the first and second armies of

the delenders of Red Tower pass. By

an encircling movement the Teutonic

armies occupied the pass which pre-

vented the escape of the Roumanians,

despite their ferocious attacks upon

the enemy.—0n the western front the

English and French forces have made

considerable gains on both sides of the

Somme river. The objective positions

of (30me and Bapaume were captur-

ed in a terrific drive and a number of

smaller positions are included in the

territory taken from the Germans. Ac-

tivrty around Hallo reported from Ber—

lin may indicate the beginning of an-

other drive in this district, with Per-

orme as the objective.



The office of vice-presidency of the

de-facto government of Mexico has

been abolished by a decree of first

chief Carranza which also amends and

adds to various other articles of the

federal constitution. Among these

changes is a provision cutting down

the presidential term from six to four

year, making it illegal for a presi-

dent to be elected for two consecutive

terms. '



A scarcity in the supply of paper and

paper pulp material is reported in oth-

er ommtries besides the United States.

It was thought that relief here might

come from raw material secured in

South America but investigations have

revealed a distinct shortage in that

country as well as in Spain where con-

siderable paper is manufactured and

exported under normal conditions.

The Brazilian congress has even gone

so far as to reduce import duties on

news print paper to relieve the situa-

tion, and publications are encouraging

the issuance of smaller editions to save

paper supplies. In Spain dealers in

paper and cardboard have informed

the government of their willingness to

postpone the filling of export orders

until the domestic supply is sufficient

to meet the home demand.





, National.



The action of the farmers of four

states whose dairies are supplying

milk to New York dealers, in refusing

to sign contracts at old prices because

of the increased cost. of milk produc-

tion is becoming effective and already

the distributors have called upon the

state attorneys to investigate the le-

gality of this movement of the pro-

ducers. The farmers, on "the other

hand, are welcoming any scrutiny that

might be given, .as they are certain

that the findings would justify their

actions. Unless an agreement can be

reached shortly, a. milk famine is cer-

tain to follow in New York City.



Michigan cavalry troop B of Detroit,

troop A of South Haven, signal corps

of Ypsilanti, and Company A of Calu-

met, will comprise the next detach-

ment of troops to leave Camp Ferris

at Grayling for the Mexican border.

The exact destination is not known.

The Michigan troops already on the

border are now on a long march to

Fort Seldom, New Mexico from El

Paso, Texas.



Word _oomes through the British

medical Journal that an American has

made a new surgical discovery as re-

markable as the X-Ray. The new ap-

pliance enables one to obtain in day-

light a picture of any internal organ of

the body. The inventor is James

Shearer, a graduate of the University

Washington.



. Eight persons were killed and 35 in-

Jnred when a switch engine on the

Grand Trunk railroad crashed into a

packed street car in Detroit about mid-

night Sunday. Fifteen of the injured

persons are reported in a serious cm

61111011. There is no evidence to show

where. the blame for the accident lies.



General Pennypacker, who was the

youngest emcer in all the Union and

antfedergito armies 3) mn the rank

0 riga er-general tiring our Civil

War. died to Philadelphia October 1,

at the age of 72 years.



A shipping corporation which pro-

poses to inaugurate .a general

tile trade be , _

and China has been recently or jized

,by easternjandsouthern capitaigsnts' ;





 





 





for ms. was“;





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





.Jf





 





-~..





 





 





mm.

tween the United States.
(Continued from first page).

tions of marl or other forms of lime

have proven disappomting until the

said deficiencies have been attended

to. Such conditions, by the way, ‘ac-

count for many of the unsatisfactory

results obtained from liming the soil.





. 1’, Some Things Marl will not do.





Marl, then, certainly will not take

' l, the place of systematic crop rotation,





the growing of catch crops, the con--





servation and judicious use of manure

and fertilizers where needed, drainage

or proper tillage. In a word, its use

should be looked upon as one 'of the

underlying principles of good soil man-

, agement and, therefore, its application

i must be repeated from time to time,

depending somewhat upon the initial





application. , g

_ Value of Marl when Applied to Spils.

‘ The efficiency of marl when applied





1 to correct acidity or sourness, of soils,

depends upon its purity and the thor-

Oughn'ess with which it is incorporated

in the soil mass. The results of re-

cent studies at the Michigan Experi-

i ment Station, as well as a number of

observations on farms, show conclu-

sively that this is far more important

the first year than later on, inasmuch

as tillage operations, as well as other

factors, assist in its distribution.





It is perfectly obvious that the high-

er the carbonate content the more val-

uable it is. It should be constantly



kept in mind that marls and other



i forms of lime must"be dissolyed be-

fore they are of value and, moreover,

the finer a given mass is subdivided,

the more rapidly it will pass into solu-

tion and, therefore, the more quickly

will it perform its work. The results

of recent field experiments show that

unless applied in large amounts, par-

ticles of ground limestone larger than

one-twentieth of an inch in diameter,

may have slight action the first year

but somewhat more the second, and

that finely pulverized limestone, from

80 to 100 mesh, in equivalent amounts

or the actual amounts of lime present,

approaches the hydrate in the rapidity

of its action in reducing soil acidity.

Doubtless as the fineness increases the

amount required to bring about the

same immediate results decreases, but

it is well recognized that there is a-

limit to the fineness of division, that

is for the greatest net returns, inas-

much as the cost of the process of

grinding may be greater than the in-

crease in crop production, due to the

finer grinding, that is to say, a given

application of 100 mesh limestone may

bring certain results, but it may be

more economical to apply somewhat

larger amounts of a 40 or 50 mesh

lime.



The individual particles of marl are

exceedingly minute, in fact more so

than the particles that make up most

of the average ground limestone and

marl is, therefore, more rapid in its

action, provided the lumps are pulver-

ized and well mixed with the soil

mass. The results of recent experi-

ments show that when such is the

case it is almost as available as hy-

drated lime, that is in equivalent

amounts, or when the same amounts

of lime are added in each case. One

can readily determine the amount of

marl, under the above conditions, re-

quired to equal the lime in the hydrate

if he knows the purity of the marl and

considers that one pound of pure hy-

drated lime is equal to about one and

three-tenths pounds of the carbonate.

Under average conditions, in practice

it.is probable (wé can only approxi-

mate this) that about two yards of

marLof 90 per cent purity are required

to bring the same immediate results

as one thousand pounds of hydrated

lime.



. Another question arises relative to

the most economical degree of fine-

ness to use, namely, what about the

duration [of these? This question can-

not ‘be answered definitely in the light

of our present “knowledge. The Divi-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





Alfalfa on Soil Treated with Marl.





3‘-





 





sf’o of Son at the Michigan Agricul-





tnral Experiment Station has elabor‘

ate field experiments under way in

different parts of the state to solve

this question.



Removal of Marl from Beds.



The removal of marl, from many

beds maybe accomplished with ease,

but with difiiculty from others. De-

posits that lie near the surface and

away from standing water are gener-

ally accessible, and the mass may be

removed, loaded into a wagon, and

hauled away. If the ground is too soft

to bear up the weight of the team and

wagon some farmers pile the marl and

move it when the ground is frozen.

There are many large deposits that

are so situated that special equipment

must be provided for their removal, a

discussion of which; is uncalled for in

this paper. Such are installed only

when the marl is to be placed on the

market.



Distribution of Marl in Soils.

Marl may be applied to the soil by





 





;-.},.-. 1’ ..'- - ‘



sourneSB “ of “the soil governs the

amounts to' apply, but it is doubtless

true that soils high in vegetable mat-

ter, or'in medium, or high state of fer-

tility, although quite acid, may not re-

quire lime until they have been farm-

ed a number of years. The writer had

occasion to determine the requirement

of a soil in a recently turned fence row

that was growing excellent crops of

red clover, and also the soil in the

field adjoining which had been farmed

some sixty years upon which “a catch”

of clover was impossible. The lime

requirement of the former was 1,500

pounds per acre and the latter 1,850

pounds, as determined by laboratory

methods. The writer knows of many

similar conditions; thus in poor soils,

or those that have been run for a

number of years, the so-called acidity

is intensified, but in otherwise fertile

soils this action is reduced to the min-

imum. The nature of the crop grown

is also important, alfalfa and sweet

clover being very sensitive, and red





 





 





 





 





An illustration of the Effect of Lime or Marl on Clover.





1. No T1 eatment.





2. Lime requirement addad as hydrated lime. 3. Lime





req11i1ement added as 60- 80 mesh limestone. 4. Lime requirement added as





marl.





means of a shovel, a manure spreader,

or a lime distributor. The method em-

ployed is governed largely by the wa-

ter content and by the texture of the

marl. It is probable that more marl

.is distributed by means of the shovel

and the manure spreader than by oth-

er methods. Marl, as well as other

forms of lime, are generally applied

to plowed ground and well mixed with

the soil by means of a harrow. Expe-

rience teaches that it. is usually best

to apply marl and limestone to soils to

be devoted to alfalfa and clover some

time previous to the date of seeding,

autumn being a good time in case fall

sown grains are grown. If the soil

is to be fallowed for alfalfa they

should be applied just after ground is

plowed. But we should not lose sight

of the fact that lime may be profitably





clover somewhat less, and the cereals

still less sensitive than the clover to

soil acidity. The small grains vary in

their tolerance of acidity, barley being

looked upon as the most sensitive.

We are safe in stating that at pres-

ent we have no laboratory method that

will show the optimum amounts of

lime to apply—certain of them indi-

cate that it is needed, but only approx-

imate the amounts to apply. More-

over, it is hardly probable that we

shall ever be able to do more, owing

to the many conditions noted above

that influence it. Such being the case,

the judicious farmer will be governed

by standard practices until be con-

ducts trials on his own fields, applying

it at different rates, say one, two, foul

and pe1haps six tons per acre and

carefully determining the net returns.





 





 





applied to the soil any place in the ro-

tation except where potatoes are

grown, and then as far from this crop

as possible.‘



Amounts to Apply.



The farmer applies lime to the soil

in order to increase his net returns, or

in other words, its use is looked upon

as an investment from which profit-

able returns are to be derived. Since

this is true, the amount to apply to a

given soil is of considerable economic

importance. It will depend upon a

number of conditions, if as stated

above, it is finely ground, or even in

a powdered form, smaller applications

are required than if lumpy.



In. general, the degree of acidity or





 





One Cutting Paid for Cost of Treatment.





A standard application of marl to





soils upon which alfalfa, sweet or red

clover, starts with difficulty, lies be-

tween four and six cubic yards per

acre, depending of course upon the

purity and the possibilities for thor-

ough mixing with the soil mass.





Marl Beds of Michigan of Vast

Importance.

We have seen that sour soils pre-





dominate in Michigan and that the

successful use of mar], as well as oth‘

er forms of lime, is beyond the ex-

perimental stage and its use in the fu-

ture must be looked upon as one of

the factors in good soil management.

Since such

marl deposits are destined to be ex-





is the case, Michigan’s





ceedingly valuable to the farmer.

deed, there are many farmers purchas-

ing lime on the market today who

have such deposits, the value of which

is not appreciated.





 





ONE PHASE OF THE POTATO

CROP.





 





The reports on the potato crop are

rather confusing; one man tells us

that he has no potatoes at all, and the

next one reports a good crop.



We decided that there must be a.

reason for this and inquired into it.

Our potato crop is good, while some

of our neighbors’, whose potatoes were

planted at the same time and on the

same kind of land, were poor; there-

fore, we decided that it was in the

manner of cultivation.



We always plant potatoes on new





ground as they do better than most _‘





crops there; then we find that if they

are planted in checks and cultivated

both ways the briers, grass and other

wild growths are better subdued, leav-

ing the ground in better shape for the

next crop than when they are planted

in drills and cultivated one way, which

is the usual practice in this vicinity.

In every case that we have inquired

into the man who has a good crop has

cultivated both ways, while the man

with the poor crop has planted in

drills; if this is coincidence it is strik~

ing indeed, as we have not yet found

an exception to this rule.



There are two cases in particular

that impressed me; they are both on

land similar to our own, and new

ground the same as ours, the one com-

plains that the potatoes in his field





average about three to the hill—~they ‘





were planted in drills—the other

brags about having as good a crop as

he ever raised; he told me that he

planted his in checks and cultivated

them four times both ways.



It is obvious that the dry weather

prevented a good setting of tubers;

and it seems no more than reasonable

to suppose that the ground which was

the more thoroughly worked would be

in a better shape to conserve mois-

ture; hence, was least affected by the

drought.





Otsego Co. G. F. Dr: LA MATER.





 





AN OLD THEORY EXPLODED.





 





We have often heard arguments ad-

vanced to the effect that if frosted

plants were sprinkled with water be-

before the sun shone on them the ef-

fects of the frost would be counteract-

ed. Once when a boy we tried this

and it failed; but the “old heads” de-

clared that we didn’t do it right. As

a rule, a dry, hot day follows a frost;

and we have often heard that the hot

day did as much damage as the frost.



On the night of September 18 at

about ten o’clock, when we went to

bed, there was a white frost; and

about midnight it started to rain—a

circumstance that we have never be-

fore noted—we thought of our water-

melons, potatoes, etc., and thought that

maybe they wouldn’t be badly dam-

aged, but the next morning we found

that the rain had had no effect What-

ever.



While the crops. were too nearly ma-

tured to suffer any material damage)

we felt that these observations were

worthy of note; hence our submission

of them.





Otsego Co. G. F. DE LA MATER.





 





COST OF HORSE LABOR.





 





The annual cost of keeping a horse

was found to be $90.40 in Rice county,

Minn; $87 in Lyon county and $75.07

in Norman county. These figures are

averages for the years 1904-1907. In

Rice county these charges were as

follows: Interest on investment $5.54;





depreciation $5.56; harness deprecia-

tion $2.10; shoeing $1. 42; feed $63. 49;



labor $1188, and miscellaneous 400,-

making a total of $90. 40. These costs . ,

have increased. This emphasizes the a ’



need of keeping the horses busy and

of having no idlers on the farm. ‘





. 1:11."i ,
_ Wayne county will have 200 miles

' of good roads by the end of the year,

and they have been built in about ten

years. Of these roads 150 miles are

of concrete. These roads draw traffic

and must be built wider to accommo-

date three times the traffic of the old

roads. None of the new highways will

be less than 16 feet wide, most of





them will be 18 feet, and near the city ,





20 feet, with shelves to make them 28

feet over all. The county has been

hampered by scarcity of labor and ac-

tual laying of concrete this year totals

about 23 miles. ”The expense of main-

taining roads has been light this year,

most of the outlay being on the shoul

ders. Much attention has been. paid

to appearances of roadsides, the work

including cutting weeds, and improv-

ing ditches.



Good roads men of Calhoun county

met at Marshall and formed an organ-

ization to work for the passage of the

proposed $800,000 bond issue at the

November election. The officers elects

ed are: President, Thomas Bigger,

Marshall; vice-president, John L Kel-

logg, Battle Creek; secretary-treasur-

er, Grant S. Bennett, Battle Creek. It

was stated that only $298,000 of the

$800,000 could possibly be used for a.

cement highway crossing the county

from east to west, and that altogether

the sum would build 340 miles of good

gravel, macadam and cement roads.

Kalamazoo, the county west, is plan-

ning to spend $1,400,000 for good

roads.



Ingham county has resumed work

on about 15 miles of uncompleted

roads, being advised that its portion of

the state automobile tax money, or

$22,000, may be used for the purpose.

‘he work was halted tor a few days

in the belief that the auto tax money

must be used for maintenance pur-

poses only.



Berrien county commissioners have

been advised by the attorney general

that they may build coumy roads

through villages and even into cities

to supply missing links in given roads,

at the joint expense of county and

state, the state paying the reward on

such roads just as it is paid on coun-

try roads. Berrien's plans for 1917 in-

clude the supplying of these gaps

through villages and other work that

is planned includes a macadam road

from Niles to the Indiana line, a road

extending east from Millburg and an-

other running north from New Buffalo.



Delta county has built 11 miles of

niacadam road this year, besides doing

much work in grading and resurfacing.

There is continuous macadam road

now from Escanaba to Ogontz bridge,

a distance of 26 miles, and an addi-

tional. four miles to Nahma junction

will be completed this fall.



Genesee county will vote at the fall

election on a million dollar bond issue

for good roads. It is planned to ex-

pend $100,000 to complete the system

voted in 1912, $450,000 to build a new

township system, and $450,000 to rev

construct the permanent trunk line

highways in the county. Funds are to

be divided equally among the 18 town—

ships, to be used in building as much

of 14 miles in each township as possi-

ble. State Commissioner Rogers has

(railed attention to the unsatisfactory

condition of state reward roads near

Flint and the state reward money

earned by the county is being held up

at present because these roads are not

kept in proper repair. These roads

bear great traffic and it has been prov-

en that macadam will not stand up

under it.



Ottawa county has let contracts as

follows: Grading and graveling one

and one-half miles at Lamont to J.

Burdick of that village, for $4,000;

one—half mile at Bridge street to H. J.

" Lake, Coopersville, for $3,950.



Oakland county has let the follow—

ing contracts: Two miles of nine-foot

‘gravel road, Pontiac-Perry, to Murray





~ * Hall, at $2.70 per mile, county to fur»





:nish material; one mile of nine-foot





 





”j dean inc/teem” ’sjléHwaifi-V.





 





plying material. Oakland is finding.





along with Genesee and other coun-

ties, that neither gravel nor macadam

will stand the wear on main trunk

lines.



The question has been raised lately

in Genesee and Oakland counties as to

whether it always pays to build ac-

cording to state specifications for the

sake of the reward. Instances are cit-

ed of deep cuts and high fills that are

not only costly but have left a road

defaced on two sides, with high banks

and ditches that are a detriment, also

cases of grading and sloping ditches

on cross roads which have not been

compensated for by the reward re

ceived.





Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN.





VERTICAL DRAINAGE,





 





In regard to vertical drainage we

have four small deep basins that were

thoroughly drained by digging a deep

hole in center about four feet square

to water sand and filling with stone.

We plowed and scraped a trench

around the largest basin three rods

across, filling the hole with the dirt

and filling the trench with stone from

line fences. Last year and this year

so far no water has been seen above

this tile.



Over 20 years ago a neighbor drain-

ed half an acre of land where there

was no outlet, by digging a ditch to

coarse sand and gravel, using four-inch

tile that emptied into an oil barrel for

a drain head. The barrel has recently

been replaced, and this job has also

proved a success.



As M. N. has five acres of muck land

and no natural outlet, he should try to

underdrain this land by digging deep

to coarse sand or gravel, using large

tile for drain heads, and laying tile

drains across the marsh, connected

with the drain heads. On five acres it

may take four or even more drain

heads to let all the water down in a

wet time.



We have one and a half acres of

muck land that has been drained the





two feet and new is too we





or produce anything but weeds plaid

willows. We are going to reclaim this

land by vertical drainage. There is

coarse sand on one shore and we are

confident one drain head with a five

inch tile will prove a success.



On muck land that is springy and

too soft to hold the tile true to grade,

We use either boards in the bottom,

or coarse gravel or sand, making a





'firm bottom for the tile, and fill the





ditch with coarse sand to readily let

the water into the tile.

Lapeer Co. Wu. H. HUBD.





 





LI LLI E FAR M STEAD NOTES.





 





Frost Damage.



I motored through Gratiot and Isa-

bella counties after the frost of Sep—

tember 18. Up there it was hardly a

frost—it was a freeze. Ice froze on

the w’ater tanks. Late corn, potatoes,

beans, etc., were badly injured. The

beans were ruined. The potatoes and

‘corn will grow no more. Fortunately

most of these crops were ripe and not





injured. Some of the best com I have





seen in the state is in this section, es-

pecially in" Isabella county, and Ithink

the bean crop there is the best in the

central part ‘of the state, at least it is





.the best that has come under my ob-





servation. ..



Imagine my happy surprise to get

home Saturday morning, September

23, and find, our late potatoes not in.

jured in the least by the frost. The

tomato plants in the garden are not

frosted. Lima beans are not injured.

Some sweet corn on low ground shows

the effect of a light frost, but this is

scarcely injured. Dame Nature surely

seems to be trying to make amends

for what she did last spring in this lo-

cality. It looks now as if the cold

snap is over for a spell. If frost holds

off for two weeks we will have pota-

toes.



Wheat Seeding.



We have the best conditions for the

wheat that we have had for many

years. The whole 60 acres is all sown





“mun1111111111111uunnnmumI1111mmummmmmnnlummmmnmnnum1mnmmu1Immmnnnuuummmnmumnumnuumummmmtmmmum llllllllllllllullllllllilllllllllllllll





Improving Sandy Land





DEFINITE plan for building up



the sandy-land farm of northern



Indiana, southern Michigan, or

northwestern Ohio, is outlined in

Farmers’ Bulletin No. 716 just issued

by the U. S. Department of Agricul‘

ture. The department specialists have

found a way by which the sandy-land

farms of this section can be built up,

at the same time returning a profit.

The remedy proposed for existing dif-

ficulties may be summarized very

briefly:



“Grow soy beans or cowpeas.—~first

for seed and later to feed live stock.”



The production of one or the other

of these legumes for seed is offered as

the first stage in the development that

ultimately leads to profitable general

farming. The sale of seeds from one

of' these crops serves to finance the

farm development while the founda-

tion of soil improvement is laid by the

legume crOp itself.



“Soy beans and cowpeas,” says the

bulletin, “are prefitable cash crops on

the poorest of these sandy lands, the

yields ranging from five to 20 bushels

per acre, and the present range of

prices being from $1.50 to $2.00 per

bushel. Aside from being a source of

immediate income, the crops furnish

the most practical foundation for the

building up of the soil.”



Briefly, this is the system of farm-

ing proposed:



First Stage—Continuous cropping

with soy beans or cowpeas. One of





these crops is grown for seed on the

available farm area not needed for

growing necessary hay and com. A

catch crop of rye is used between the

crops of soy beans or cowpeas and

plowed under in the spring before the

new crop is planted. This program





may sometimes be modified with prof-

it by following a two-year rotation of

corn, soy beans, corn, or cowpeas. In

this event a catch-crop *of rye and

vetch is sown in the standing corn, or

rye after the corn is cut. After a year

or two as,_the condition of the soil be-

gins to improve, ground limestone is

applied to at least one of the fields in

order to prepare the way for clover.



Second Stage. —After the first stage

has been passed and clover can be

grown with reasonable certainty, the

system may be gradually changed to

a four-year rotations as follows:



First year, corn; second year, soy

beans or cowpeas; third year, rye;

fourth year, clover.



This rotation presupposes that two

or three tons of ground limestone or

marl per acre has been applied to at

least one field of the farm, and that a

new field will be thus treated each

year before an attempt is made to seed

it to clover. The catch-crop of rye or

rye and vetch is sown each year in the

the corn as before. This is a transi-

tion stage in which live stock is being

introduced as rapidly as fences can be

purchased and built, and as the farm





can be made to produce the necessary





feed and pasture.



From. this point the way is Open in

several directions for the free develop-

ment of general farming through a

gradual shift from the cash-crop to a

live stock basis, or a proper balance of

both. In same sections of the sandy-

land country the system outlined has

been found to serve as a foundation

for developing a profitable hograising

enterprise, while in other sections,

where markets are convenient, it leads

more logically to the development of

dairying.





 





   

 





 





 





comes, that is agheavy ’

one, after the crop is sown and before

it gets out of the ground, we never

can get a good crop. On our soil the

seed is virtually scaled up without air

and it never does well. --



A fairly good acreage of Wm

going in in this vicinity, but in many

portions of the state there is little or

no wheat being sown. It is so dry peo‘

ple have not plowed the ground and if

they had the wheat would not germi-

nate. Some wheat will go in after

beans but the most of the bean ground

is so dry wheat will not germinate. I

have seen just such conditions here

but am thankful such is not the case

now. Still in this vicinity where the

oat stubble was not plowed soon after

harvest the ground dried out so much

that it can scarcely be fitted, and one

farmer told me he could not sow will

after we had rain. Our ground was all

worked in time to save the moisture

and the wheat can come up at once.

You see, friends, I do not grumble

when conditions are fair. But it wor<

ries me when farm work can not be

done properly.



The Suggested Embargo on Wheat.



1 read that some city ladies’ organ-

ization has forwarded a petition to

President Wilson asking him to have

congress place an embargo on wheat

so the price will not get so high. What

do you think of that? Would it not be

the limit to have our government do

prive the farmer of a market so as to

help the city fellow? If the city folks

will come cut and help us grow and

harvest the crops we can produce

enough so the price will be low. Let

congress pass a law to that effect. Let

congress pass a law forbidding city

people (manufacturers) from asking

only so much for their products. Put

an embargo on automobiles and force

the price down so farmers will not

have to pay so much for them. Com-

pel the laboring man to work for such

a price that the farmer can aflordto

hire him.’ Do these things and others

and then perhaps the farmer would

submit to an embargo on wheat. But

the American farmer is an American

citizen and he never will submit to

such a high-handed measure as this.

Why, he would be justified in shoul-

dering a masket to prevent such a

thing. Our government would have

no right to do such a thing. They

could not do such a thing unless a

state of war existed and the existence

of the nation was imperilled. If our

own people want the farmer’s products

they must pay the price the people of

foreign nations are willing to pay. A

year or so ago some congressman, so

the daily papers stated, wanted a law

passed compelling the farmer to raise

all their calves so as to produce cheap

beef for the consumer. What an idea.

Some people seem to think the farmer

exists simply for the convenience of

the consumer. But they don’t exist

for that purpose. They fight for a liv-

ing the same as other people, and

when prices of farm products are low

they have to take their medicine and

they have taken a whole lot of medi-

cine in this country. They have work-

ed hard, wore poor clothes, lived eco~

nomically, paid the big end of the

taxes, fought the battles of the coun-

try stood the humiliation of being

called “hay seeds,” and now when 7

they cannot get labor to produce big ’

crops city people want to compel them

to sell their products cheap so they

can live in luxury. Not much. We

farmers will never swallow such a

pill. The only way to even this busi-

ness up is to grow less of some pro—

ducts until it affects the price so the

farmer can make a profit above the

cost of production. If city people want

to guarantee profitable prices for the





.farmer every. year, they will dicker





with them. But we are not going to

guarantee cheap food products with-

out proper' compensation. '



, com alarms.
QT one in en is' on tructing his

‘ ‘ wire fence as“ he ought. This is

a fact to be deplored. There is





no form of construction work done by‘





the farmer upon which more depends

than upon the work of constmcting

the farm fence. Upon these present-

day wire combinations depends the

safety of the farmer’s valuable grow-

ing crops and the security of his live

stock.



There are hundreds of miles of wov-

en wire fence, carefully constructed,

which are so many miles of animal-

turning field divisions. No animal at-

tempts to force its way over, through

or under said fences, instinct seeming

to acquaint them with the inevitable

outcome of such an attempt. On the

other hand there are many more miles

similar fence, constructed carelessly,

which serves to confine animals only

when they see fit to be confined, or

when the feed in the pasture lot is

better than that in the adjoining'fields.





They only aggravate the animal slight-‘





ly when escape is attempted, but ag-

gravate the owner greatly when the

escape is noted. .



Another consideration is that of ap-

pearance. The farm all divided into

fields by the tightly strained, straight,

upright, woven wire fence, attached to

posts uniform in size, height, distance

apart, etc., is certain to impress even

the casual visitor or passer-by, while

the bent, sagged, half-put up wire en-

tanglement will not serve to tone-up

the appearance of the farm no matter

what the growth of the grain in the

fields they are supposed to inclose.



The truth of this admitted, then it

behooves every farmer to build his

wire fence as near perfectly as cir-

cumstances and conditions will permit

and enjoy the maximum of service

possible to get from it.





Preparing the Old Fence-row.





The first consideration of the intenda





ing builder should be that of prepar-

ing the strip of land upon which the

fence is to be built, or the fence-row.

Almost invariably this old fence row

is one from which the old-fashioned

crooked rail fence has recently been

removed. Here weeds, unmolested by

plow or harrow, have taken possession

and by virtue of years of having their

own way have become firmly intrench-

ed. Now is the time to rout the enemy

and pains taken with plow and har-

row will accomplish this result. There

will, in all probability, be a consider-

able number of stone and clumps of

brush to be rooted out. After plowing

and harrowing this land, if the fence

can be left off for the summer and the

strip sown to some crop which will

permit of grass seeding, the prepara-

tion will have been perfect. These

old fence rows will, in a great many

cases, raise enough grain to buy a

goodly number of rods of the fence we

will require.

Best Time for Fencing.



More farm fence is built during the

months of April and November than

during the remaining ten months com-

bined, because at these two periods

the farmer can spare the time for

fencing operations. Because of the

liability of the ground being full of

water and loosened up by the winter

frost, the spring time is not the ideal

time for fence construction. Post-

holes fill with water before the posts

can be placed and the ground is too

spongy to hold_ the posts in place

when strain is put on them. Novem-

ber, when the earth is firm, yet usual-

ly moist enough to facilitate post-hole

digging, becomes the favorite time of

the fence builder.



However, the constructor who sets

his end posts in April, with the idea of

attaching his fence in November, will

benefit greatly by his forethought. His

posts set in April will have become al-

most immovable by November, be-

cause of the settling and hardening of

earth around same.



The End Post.



The Whole life ’of the wire fence de-4

pends upon the two. posts between

which it is stretched. These pests





 





 





. Building the Farm Fence





By R. (3.





must hold the terrific strain of nine

or ten heavy wires strained until they

sing in the wind from very tautness.

In order to enable these posts to hold

without giving even an inch the fence

builder must exercise the greatest

care in selecting and placing them. In

the order in which they are named

will the following posts give a maxi-

mum of satisfaction:



1. The cement post, because if of

the proper size it will last forever

without repairs.



2. The cedar post because of all our

native woods it will the longer resist

decomposition. _



3. The white oak post, because it is

also of a fiber that will resist decom-

position. . .



If the cedar or white oak post is

used the selection should be nine feet

in length and one foot in diameter.

The anchors should be strong two by

fours, five feet long. Notches should

be.cut in post one foot from its bot-

tom and the 2x4 anchor nailed therein,

one on each side two and one-half feet

projecting in front of center of post,

and two and one-half feet projecting

to its rear. This necessitates an exca-

vation some six feet long, three feet





SMITH





where fence must be forced down and

so held by them must be anchored, ac-

cording to lifting tendency of fence.



Twenty-five feet apart is the dis-

tance recommended for the setting of

line posts. Better the extra dollar for

the extra posts and the satisfaction of

having an extra good fence.



The Fencing ltseIf.



With the exception of the brittle

wire fencing, the writer would have no

preference in particular makes of fene-

ing when about to purchase. The ma-

jority of manufacturers are putting

out high grade work and using excel-

lent material.



In stapling fence always force fence

down tight to ground before driving

home staple so as to prevent stock

from forcing fence outward in attempt

to reach grass or grain growth on op-

posite side. Their attempts will be

certain to cause fence to buckle and

practically ruin it. Always place at

least one strand of barbed wire just

above fence at once to prevent the

equally ruinous habit of some live‘

stock of reaching over the fence for

food.



Never fasten the wire fence to one

Side of the end post only, as this gives





 





.The Service Rendered by a Woven Wire Fence Depends upon the End Posts.





wide and four and one-half feet deep,

to admit the post and its right angle

anchors. The post should be set so

that anchors are parallel with line of

fence to insure the full benefit of such

anchorage.



The excavation, after post is placed

therein, must be filled with alternate

layers of stone and dirt and tamped

with a heavy instrument. The man

who will use cement and stone to fill

up the last foot of hole will ever after

have confidence in his end post. The

cement will serve to prevent water

from settling around his post, which

is no small benefit in itself. If pains,

are taken either method will result in

an almost immovable post.



Line Posts.



The line post, although of far less

importance than the end post, has its

duties to perform and must be placed

accordingly. Many fences become use-

less as far as small animals are con—

cerned after the frost has heaved the

line posts and thus raised the fence

itself so far from the ground that the

pig or sheep can squeeze underneath,

and once squeezed through low indeed

must be the fence that prevents their

second attempt. The best and only’

way of preventing the frost from get<

ting in its work is by using line posts

which taper from large bottoms to

small tops. Having line post sawed

from white oak logs to measure six

inches square at bottom, tapering to a





_2x6 inches at top, gives a frost resist-





ing slant. In fact, it is almost impos-

sible to pull these posts after once

setting. All line posts in depressions





a twisting tendency, but wrap wires

around same and thus distribute thé

strain.



Avoid hitching stretcher to object

back of end post and releasing fence

suddenly on the post, as no post will

resist the sudden jerk. Rather, place

brace from temporary post set behind

end post and such brace will convey

all strain of tightening fence gradually

upon the end post where it should be.

Therefore, if the post gives even a

fraction of an inch it does so before

the fence is taut and attached.



It is absolutely necessary for the

farmer to have dependable fences and

he must build with the idea of obtain-

ing them. He can not obtain them by

neglecting any detail when building.

He only finds himself with a fence in

which he has no confidence, too good

to replace and not good enough to

satisfy.



Therefore the extra dollar spent to

build a fence that will be up and do-

ing its duty fifteen or twenty years

later is well invested. The extra day

spent to insure the lasting, ever ser-

viceable fence is one well spnt.



Macomb Co. R. C. SMITH.





4*





 





A CONVENIENT FILING SYSTEM.





 





In your reading you have sometimes

found an article that interested you

greatly and you have decided to keep

it for future reference. You went on

with your reading and finally laid the

paper aside. The article was forgot-

ten for a time and when you again

thought of .it and looked for it the pa





 





gotten the exact information contain-

ed in the article and its value to you

had been entirely lost. This, no doubt,

has been the experience of all of us at

one time or another.





It has been said that the next best

thing to knowing a fact is to know

where to find it. We cannot hope to

definitely remember everything of in-

terest that we read, and most of us re-

member only a small percentage of it.

So if our reading of papers and maga-

zines is to be of much value to us it is

necessary to have some system of

keeping a record of desirable informa-

tion. In the business world this is us-

ually done by means of some sort of

card index system. Many elaborate

fiilingsystems and devices have been

worked out for the use of professional

and business men, but many of them

are too complicated and expensive,

and take too much time to be of much

use to a farmer. When a paper is-

sues an index number, as does the

Michigan Farmer, this furnishes the

easiest method of filing information.

However, it has its disadvantages.

Some of the papers are apt to be lost.

In the course of a few years some of

the articles will become obsolete or

may perhaps be practically repeated.

It requires the keeping of all matter,

whether it be of interest or not. The

mass of material soon becomes bulky,

especially if two or three papers are

taken, and it becomes increasingly

difficult to locate any particular piece

of information wanted.





The Envelope System.



Perhaps the best method of filing in-

formation for the use of the general

reader is what might be called the en-

velope system. It is simple, inexpen-

sive, takes little time, and provides

for the easy elimination of obsolete or

duplicate articles. All the equipment

necessary is a few dozen manila en-

velopes about 8x12 inches, open at

the end, and a drawer or case of the

right size to hold the envelopes when

placed in an upright position. Group

under several general headings the in-

formation you want to keep, and write

each of these headings at the top of

an envelope. For instance, you may

be a general farmer and interested in

the growing of corn, hay, wheat, oats,

and potatoes, and in raising cattle,

hogs, horses, and poultry. You will

write the word “Corn” at the top of

one envelope, “Hay” at the top of an.-

other, and so on. You are now ready

to begin your reading. When an arti-

cle of special interest is found read it

carefully a second time, and then, if it

can be done without spoiling the pa-

per for the rest. of the family, out out

the article at once and place it in its

proper envelope, and write the title of

the article on the envelope under the

general heading. If it is best not to

cut out the article at the time, mark

it and also mark the paper so it will

not be destroyed or lost and then,

after the paper has been read by the

others, cut out the article and file it

away. Some articles will come as

readily under one heading as another.

For instance, an article on spraying

might be placed under either potatoes

or fruit. It might be filed under fruit

and the title also placed on the potato

envelope with directions to “see under

fruit.” As soon as a number of arti-

cles on spraying have been collected, a

separate envelope with that heading

can be used and the spraying articles

removed from the other envelopes.





Envelopes can be ordered through

any printer, and if a drawer or case is

not already at hand one that will an-

swer thevpurpose can be made in a

short time by anyone handy with

tools. The inside width of the drawer

should be about one-half inch more

than the width of the envelopes. This

syStem will be found to take very lit-





tle time after it is once started. -The 4 '





ability to locate at once certain defi-

nite information will be a matter of

satisfaction as well as sometimes the

saving of both time and money.

Allegan Co. 0. F. EVANS.





"sea-313“





per had been destroyed. You had for»,
Magazine

Test of _

Shot Shells





Fire a Blacx Shell at a thick

monthly magazine. Count the

number of pages shot through.

If you think some other shell

will penetrate as many pages,

turn the magazine around and

try it.





 

 





 





   





'There are two other interest-

ing tests of the superiority of





EBLACK SHELLS





Smokeless and Black Powder:





In order to get three sample shells,

and a booklet of instructions for

making,r these tests, just do as

follows: On the margin of this ad—

vertisement write your name and

address, also that of your ammuni—

tion dealer, tear it out and send it

to us. We will send you an order

on your dealer for shells from his

stock and for booklet of directions.





 

 

   

   

   

 





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2606 Trinity Building, New York City





   

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 

 





   

   

 

 





 

 





 





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Get your copy now,





THE CUTAWAY “ARROW COMPANY

[Maker of [/16 original



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“Storing Vtergta

BELIEVE that every farm that can

support a man and his family.





should supportla garden. I am not

alone in this as the many- farm gar-

dens will testify but there are not

enough of them. One of the things

that will make farm life more toler~

able to old people and its attractive

ness more inciting to young people, is

the keeping of a good vegetable gar-

den. To many folks, the garden is

valuable beéause it keeps the grocer

from getting quite all the cash that

comes in through the summer, if he

does get it all in the winter. That

need not necessarily be true, though,

for one of the great values that comes

with the farm garden is the fact that

most vegetables are so easily stored

that the grocer is cheated the year

around instead of for three months

only.



Farm economy is often expressed

as the act of cutting the little corners

rather than raising enormous crops,

although that is wise, if possible with-

out too great cost. Even drought is

not without its blessings when one has

a garden. Why, this year with the

sun so actively in charge as he was

through July and the fore part of Aug-

ust, it wasn't even necessary to cook

the vegetables. Our onions were al-

ready fried, the carrots got stewed and

the potatoes were more than half-bak-

ed. Since the rain, however, the on-

ions have got stronger, the carrots

have grown greener and a few of the

potatoes are commencing to see the

light of blighted maturity.



All to the contrary notwithstanding,

there will be some crops to winter ov-

er. As it comes near to the time for

storing, one is apt to make the mis-

take of leaving the different vegeta-

bles in much the same way, but this is

likely to be followed by loss, odor and

much useless labor. Really, most veg~

etables are easy to store and the dif—

ferent methods of storage vary only

with the general nature of the vegeta-

ble. It is hard to lay down any speci-

fic rules to guide one in storing every

garden crop and so different cases

must be cited. Most vegetables can-

not stand freezing without deteriora~

tion; many of them must have a steady

supply of fresh air to take the place of

the foul air that is given off as they

slowly mature through the winter, and

still others need a warm temperature.





 





   

   





 





Dig Roots that Can Stand Freezing.



Parsnips may be left in the ground

all winter and suffer none; in the

same class is salsify and horse-radish.

My experience last winter in taking a

half-hour to pick a dozen parsnips out

of the frozen ground and a quarter of

an hour to wash them, doesn’t permit

me to recommend leaving these roots

in the ground until they are wanted.

Negligence brings its own penalty.

There are times in the winter when

one would enjoy'a mess of parsnips

but his appetite shrivels at the thought





 





 

 





of shoveling down through a snow-

bank three or four feet deep. These

roots can be dug and put all together

in one pile right on top of the ground.

Cover them up with five or six inches

of soil; with this sort of a pile, when

the vegetables are wanted, a hole

about a foot square may be chopped

through the frozen earth and the veg-

etables are easily removed. Take out

enough' to last for a week or so. The

same hole. will furnish an easy avenue

by which the vegetables may be had

without too much bother.



Storing carrots, potatoes or beets is

done by putting the vegetables in a

pile, (or pit if the soil is well drained),

cover with about eight inches of straw

and then put on seven or eight inches

of soil and when the weather gets real

cold, put on some more straw or

strawy manure or cover the pile with

snow. Some gardeners recommend the

use. of beet‘or carrot tops for covering

the roots, but we have had some spoil‘

age resulting from their use. Besides,

I regard beet tops as too good cattle





 





feed to be used in that way. Carrot





tops " are 80 green and damp that "frost

easily penetrates them/While, if they

are allowed to dry, many of them are

required to do the same work that two





or three good forkfuls of straw will ,





do. This pit can be opened in much

the same way that the parsnip pit is

opened. but care must be taken to

leave the opening frost-proof.

Keep Cabbages Moist.

Cabbages are quite easily stored and

this very fact has led people to advise

different methods of keeping" them.

Some advise wrapping the heads with

paper and putting them in a barrel in

a cool place. This does well some-

times but much depends upon the

“cool” of the place. If we have only

a few cabbages, we take all the excess

leaves off and pack the bare heads in-

to a- barrel filled with moist earth.

This provides a cool temperature for

the cabbages and they are easily avail-

able‘ when wanted for cooking.

Where there are many cabbages,

they are piled right on top of the

ground, three abreast, then two on

top of the first three and one on itop

of the second two. This makes a V-

shaped pile. The whole mound is cov-

ered with dirt until not even the roots

can be seen. Stored in this way, cab-

bages will keep through most winters

but if the cold weather gets too in-





1





 





 

 





 

 





it v we .pfiéi m





«to make: three ‘or four. of'these 15mm





piles and then all the cabbage "in one



of them can be taken out at a time



and put into the cellar for future use.



Store“ Pumpkins and Squashe_s_ in Dry,

Warm Place.



Most vegetables for storage require

a temperature just above the freezing

point but the pumpkins and squashes

are an exception to this rule. If put

in a damp place, they will rot and if

placed under cool conditions, they do

not develop that meaty flavor that is

so desirable in them when used for

culinary purposes‘. They ought to be

put either in a warm attic or in a fur-

nace room. A scheme that has served

well is to hang boxes from the ceiling

of the furnace room and put the

squashes and pumpkins in these box~

es. These two vegetables are seldom

fully matured when they must be pick-

ed to avoid frost and they go on ripen-

ing until well along in the winter if

put in a warm, dry place.



A little time taken to store the veg-

etables not used up during the sum-

mer is well paid for by the variety

and palatability of the bill of fare thus

made possible through the winter. At

times, it is hard to procure these vege‘

tables from the grocer and even if

possible they are often wilted and cam

not compare with the home-grown and

home-stored product. I. J. MATHEWS.





lllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllfllfllIllllllflflllfllllllllllllllmmflllllllllI”IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIHHH!





Fall Care of Bush Fruits





Raspberries and blackberries winter-

kill more or less in many northern

states if they are not given some sort

of protection. The facts in the case,

however, are not that cold does this so

much as the condition of the atmos-

phere. Plantations set along hillsides,

in ground of a sandy or loamy texture,

are usually quite free from this trou-

ble, while those at the bottom of the

valleys or on level land, that is, of a

clayey nature, frequently receive con-

siderable injury. It is also true that

localities where the ground is subject-

ed to alternate freezing and thawing

are not as favorable to these berries.



Laying Down Fresh Fruits.



If there is any possibility that the

canes will winter-kill, this is more like-

ly with certain varieties than others,

they can be laid down and covered

without much labor. On dry ground

the first thing to be done is to plow a

furrow each side of the row, throwing

the earth towards the canes. This

should be delayed as late as possible

or until the ground is about to freeze.

Two men can do the work of laying

down the bushes to much better ad-

vantage than one. First, thé canes

should be cut back to three or four

feet, raspberries perhaps to three and

blackberries to four or possibly five.

One man, wearing heavy gloves, bends

down the canes while the other shov-

els on sufficient earth to hold them in

place. In many cases this is all that

is necessary, especially where heavy

snows are likely to fall. In other 10-

calities straw or meadow hay is used

to cover the bushes. The process of

laying down‘ is one that is quite feas-

ible for plantations of considerable

size, as the work can be done rapidly

by two experienced men. Raspberry

canes are very flexible while those of

the blackberry are stouter and stiffer.

Laying down does not seem to injure

the bushes, in fact this practice can

be carried to a much farther extent

than is generally supposed. A peach

grower in Colorado lays down a large

peach orchard each year and by so do-

ing he is able to gather a large crop

annually.



Mulching is Beneficial.



When alternate freezing and thaw-

ing of the ground is likely to occur, or

in wet stifl.’ soils, mulching is a good

practice. This prevents heaving of

the roots and will prove beneficial in

almost any soil. Raspberries and

blackberries are supposed to be hardy

in any climate that is favorable to the





peach. However, this is not always

true. In some cases the condition of

the atmosphere causes winter-killing.

Laying down will prevent all this

while mulching will prevent heaving

of the roots.



Currents and gooseberries are hardy

in all the northern states. These bush<

es, seldom winter-kill and if they are

planted on dry soil they will need no

fall attention except to cut out the

canes that have ceased to be useful.

The canes of these fruits bear for

three or four years before becoming

useless. Raspberries and blackberries

bear but once. All old canes should

be cut out and the new cut back as

noted above. Currants and gooseber<

ries need much less pruning. These

fruits, when planted in moist or clayey

soil, should bemulched with plenty of

straw to prevent heaving. All mulch<

ing material should be removed very

early in the spring and the bushes

that have been laid down should be

righted as soon as the opening of the

ground will permit.





New Hamp. C. H. CHESLEY.





 





FIELD MICE AS ORCHARD PESTS.





 





The ravages of short~tailed field mice

in many parts of the United States

according to D. E. Lantz, Assistant

Biologist of the Department of Agri-

culture, result in serious losses to

farmers, orchardists, and those con:

cerned with the conservation of our

forests, and the problem of controlling

the animals is one of considerable im-

portance. Short-tailed field mice are

commonly known as meadow mice,

pine mice, and moles; locally as bear

mice, buck-tailed mice, or black mice.

Over 50 species and races occur with—

in the United States and nearly 40

other forms have been located in

North America.



‘The runs of meadow mice are main-

ly on the surface of the ground under

grass, leaves, weeds, brush, boards,

snow, or other sheltering litter. They

are hollowed out by the animals’ claws

and worn hard and smooth by being

frequently traversed. The runs lead

to shallow burrows where large nests

of dead grass furnish winter retreats

for the mice. Summer nests arelarge

balls of the same material hidden‘ in

the grass and often elevated on small

hummocks in the meadows, and marsh-

es where the animal's abound. The

young are brought forth in either un

derground or surface pests. ' ‘
‘ rhou‘até’f'bsiahifihshfi





, Pruning Peaches.

I have about 800 peach trees about





four or five years old that did not





prune last spring. Would it be all



right to trim them about Septembe



15th? .

Lapeer Co. J. S. M.

It would be advisable for you to wait





with the pruning of these trees until

early next spring. If you should prune

during September, it might cause the

trees to force new growth, which

would be immature before winter set

in. Such growth would be very sus-

ceptible to winter injury, which might

cause serious damage to the trees.

Galls on Maple Leaves.





Please give some information and a

remedy for our large old maple tree.

Last year leaves at the very top began

to fall off, and branches died. This

year it is much worse, dying very fast

in a downward course. I enclose some





leaves.



Ottawa Co. , M. W. S.



The little galls on the maples leaves,

which you enclosed, have been caused

by a very tiny “mite,” almost micro-

sc0pic in size. This “mite” has been

given the scientific name of Eriophyes

acericola. ‘ -



The “mites” begin their work early





 





Peach Trees Should be Pruned in the Spring.





in the spring, as soon as the leaves

come out, working on the underside of

the leaf. The irritation which they

cause on the epidermis of the growing

leaf brings about the abnormal growths

which extend outward on the upper

surface of the leaf, in the shape of lit-

tle hollow sacks or galls, having their

openings on the under surface of the

leaf. You no doubt noticed that the

little galls are hollow, and the “mites”

live on the hollow interior of these

galls, where no spray can reach them

at this time of year.



We have never known this mite to

do any serious injury to the maple

tree. Sometimes the galls will be on

a tree in great numbers one year, and

the next year one will see almost noth-

ing of them. If the tree is dying, there-

fore, I think it must be due to some

other cause than this little “mite.” If

you wish to do something in control of

these “mites,” however, we would rec-

ommend that the trees be sprayed in

the fall, after the leaves have drOpped,

or in the early spring just before the

buds Open, with a strong lime-sulphur

wash. It is believed that the “mites”

winter in the bud scales, and in rough

places on the bark of small twigs.



A spray of lime-sulphur applied as

directed, would kill the over-wintering

forms, therefore, and prevent injury

on the leaves the following summer. I

would suggest that you examine the

trunk of the trees very carefully for

the work of borers. GEO. D. SHAFER.





RESULTS OF ORCHARD TREAT.

MENT IN DRY WEATHER.





The Department of Horticulture of

the" University of Missouri finds in in-

vestigation work carried on during re-

cent drouth years that proper orchard

management can largely offset the, ef-

fects of drouth in our apple orchards.

Everybody recognizes in a general way

that a. well-managed orchard will

stand drouth better than a neglected

one. The reasons why this is true are

not fully understood by most orchard-

ists. If they were fully understood





:and appreciated, ad larger number of

_ orchardists would make a greater ef-





, I





fort to bring their apples to full size

and maturity.





Dead and dying limbs should' be

pruned out close to the tree and the

wounds painted. Many people suppose

that once a limb on a tree is dead that

it dries out and does no essential

harm. As a matter of fact, a dead or

dying limb evaporates large quantities

of moisture from the tree. Cutting ad

a dead limb and painting the wound

saves a large quantity of moisture for

the remaining living limbs, leaves, and

fruit.



Cut Off Surplus Limbs.



Canker wounds or sun—scald areas

where the growing limb beneath the

bark has died, ought to be scraped

clean up to a layer of healthy growing

tissue and the wound painted. Clean-

ing and painting these wounds will de-

stroy many insects which are shelter-

ed behind the shelly bark of wound,

which feed on the growing layer and

prevent it from healing over the wound

and the painting will save loss of wa-

ter from the dead and spongy wood.



Water sprouts and surplus limbs not

needed by the tree ought to be pruned





out now. All wounds more than half

an inch in diameter made in pruning

should be painted with common paint

to save evaporation from the wound.

This is particularly desirable during

the present year, on account of the ex-

ceedingly moist cool spring the trees

made rank growth and a very large

leaf surface. This most abundant

growth occurred during the month of

May. Now that drouth has occurred

suddenly the trees have a larger leaf

surface than can adequately be sup-

plied with water. Reducing this evap-

orating surface, pruning out surplus

growth, leaves just that much larger

water supply for the fruit, leaves, and

limbs which remain.





Effect of Fruit on Foliage.





Investigations during recent years

at the experiment station show that

this point is of special importance. It

has been found that in a. dry time the

fruit is the first part of the tree to

suffer from lack of water. This is be-

cause, when the water supply is inade-

quate the leaves have the power of

drawing water out of the adjacent

fruits. The sap in the leaves is more

concentrated than that in green fruit

so the sap of the leaves draws water

from the apples. This point can be

tested by cutting off two branches

from an apple tree, each containing a

similar number of fruit and leaves.

Hang them up in a dry place, pick all

the apples off one of the limbs. The

leaves on the branch having no apples

to supply water will turn brown, dry

and brittle within twenty-four hours.

The leaves on the branch containing

apples will keep green for days until

the water is drawn from the apples

and the latter are dried and shrivelled.

In a similar way cucumber or melon

vines, containing large watery fruits,

have their leaves remain green until

the cucumber or melon is entirely

shrivelled, while a similar vine con-





8. M. ISBELL & 00.. - .





 





cedure of cho in

Burton “Goocijlju





market.

quired for a charge.





 





we will help you.





want





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Easy to Remove—and Cheaper





Progressive farmers no longer use the antiquated, primitive

methods formerly employed in removing farm obstructions.

Instead they save time, labor and expense by using





BURTON





“ Good Luck " Dynamite





Contrast this new money-saving way with the old style pro-

and pulling, hour after hour.

_ c ” Dynamite better than former methods, but

it is infinitely better than most other grades of dynamite on the

And it is cheaper. too, because a smaller amount is re-





_ Safer to use and uniform in quality, “Good Luck” Dynamite

is equally successful for ditching, tree-planting or subsoiling.





; L; Our distributing facilities enable us‘ In guarantee prompt deliveries,





Ask your dealer for Burton “Good Luck" Dynamite.

dealer in your community, write at once.

clearing problems to solve, write us and -





i Burton Powder Co.,





71]. Empire Bldg.,Pittsburgh,Pa.

1617 Fisher Bldg., Chicago, Ill.





Not only is





If you can’tlocate a

If you have some difficult farm-





was





 





 





 





 





~.:‘.¢.{ .





."ha 4.; '53."





 





Cross





Silver

Steel





Why Atkins





Two Popular Models





No. 5 “Perfection” (shown at top).

Has four cutting teeth and raker. Known

wherever hardwood timber is cut. 4 to 8

feet lengths. No. 540 “Rex.” Has two

cutting teeth and raker. Known wherever

quality is appreciated. 4 to 8 feet lengths.

Made With narrower blades if desired.



These two saws are the most popular

cross-cut saws on the market.





 





P@ 





«1





Cut





 





 





     





Ehnws





Superior to any others in Material, Temper, Grinding and Finish.

casxer, cut 25/, more timber in the same time. Hold their cutting edge longer

than any cross-cut saw that has ever been made. 1





Run





Saws Cut Faster





They are “Segment-Ground.” The blade is thicker on the toothed edge

than at the back—thinnest at the center of the back. Wherever the teeth go,

the rest of the bladedollows without a struggle. It cannot stick in the wood.

Ribbon-like sawdust 15 made by an Atkins Cross-Cut Saw, “Segment-Ground.”

The teeth cut the wood instead of rubbing it away. The “Segment-Ground"

feature 15 an exclusive Atkins patent.





Free Offer





We will send you free our valuable

booklet, “The Saw on the Farm," contain-

mg helpful information on the care of saws

and short cuts in farm carpentry. We will

include a serviceable canvas carpenter’s

apron, strongly sewed, with handy pockets,

for fifteen cents in stamps. Send today for

free offer "J"





Remember, we make saws for every purpose—4s

and each is the best of it: kind.





E. C. Atkins & Company, Inc.





World’s Largest Saw Company





Indianapolis, Ind.





   





 





ROSEN RY 53:9,?! , ,,

produced. an average yield of 41.2 bushels per acre with-

out fertilizer. Yer hardy, stools abundantly and the

heads are especial y well filled. Farmers report it much

better than common varieties. Write to Secretary





 





FOR SALE





Rosen Rye, Winter Wheat, Clovers and Grass Seeds

—-Bulbs for fall planting. As for Price list.

Jackson. Mich.





 





taining no fruit will have the leaves

begin to wilt as soon as the vine is

cut off. '





WE WANT VETCH. SBAEltIiIIPngs





YOUNG-RANDOLPH snen co.. Owosso, Mlcili

Grown llair Veich Seed.





 





, Mo. Ag. College. J. C.,WHIT'rEN.





Northern)





ORB D. BUELL. rs. Michigan.





911- '





Michigan Experiment Association. East Lansing.M ich.





 





i





$3. 50

Per bu.





TIMOTHY t ALSYKE





Bags extra It 20c each. Send us your order;

YOURS-Randolph Seed Co. Owosso. Mlchltan.





w G rd d F' ld Beans, Vetch

anted: geeiil.I 133:, lifail us samples.

S. M. ISBELL & 00.. Jackson. Michigan.

W ANTED— AN; IDEA-Who can think of simple



othing to patent? Protect

.Vnur ideas they may bring vou wea th. Write for

”Needed Inventions" and “HOW to get Your Patent;

and Your Monev." RANDOLPH & 00.. PATENT

ATTORNEYS, DEPT. 67, WASHINGTON. D. 0.

When writing to advertiser please mention



The Michigan Farmer.
i .





 





 





 





The Clothcraft

label in your clothes

is like a return ticket.

It starts at a point of

Complete Satisfac-

tion and brings you

back to the starting

point. For when

you’re all through

———when the suit has

done its duty and

seen its day, you’ll be

bound to say :‘That

was a mighty good

suit of clot .’.’





 





SERGE SPECIALS '

“5130” Blue, $16.50

"4130” Blue. $20.00

"3130” Gray, $20.00





THE CLOTHCRAFT STORE





IN YOUR TOWN





Clothcraft Clothes for Men and Young Men, Readyoco-Wear, $ 12.50“) $25.00





Made by The Joseph & Feiss Co., Cleveland





 





 





 





 





Family Health Underwear





HE famous patented

VELLASTIC knit fabric



baffles the colds and chills resulting

from sudden changes in temperature.

VELLASTIC ribbed fleece underwear

keeps the body at an even tempera-

ture, whether you are indoors or out.



Doctors recommend it.





Velvety Fleece-Lined Elastic Ribbed for

for Warmth erfect Fit





LLASPTIC





, riiAD'E'flRK

for Men, Women and Children





Luxurious inner fleece, never mats, knots or

washes out. Outer ribbed fabric gives freedom

of movement and perfection of fit never experi~

enced in other winter underwear. At all dealer:

VE LLAS TIC U nirm Suit] and “pa rattgarmmtr

fizr mm, women and children, .536 and up.





Look for the VELLASTIC label.

Write for Bodde Booklet No. 2;





Utica Knittinr Co. 350 Broadway, New York 1' r





m .





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE GREATNATIONAL DAIRY SHOW

“misfit” OCTOBER 12 real INCLUSIVE

AT SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS





In Five Enormous New Concrete, Brick and Steel Buildings, Covering 400,000 Square Feet of

Ground in a. 170 Acre Tract. Larger and More Convenient and Better in Appointment than Any

Other Similarly Used Buildings in America.



This Show Affords a. Short Course in Dairy Agriculture That Can Not Be Equalled.



1.000 of the Best Dairy Cows in the World Assembled From All Over America.



60.000 Square Feet of Operating Kodern Dairy Machinery; Farm and Barn Equipment; Silos;

Motor Trucks, and Everything that n Dnirymnn Should Heve._ '



Milk Pasteurization: Ice Cream Manufacturing: Competitive Exhibits of Dairy Products from

Every State Displayed in Mammoth Refrigerators. _ ‘



Domestic Science Demonstrations: U. 8. Department of Agriculture Grade Cattle Exhibit;

Exhibit by Agricultural Colleges: Students Judging Contests.



Square Feet Bo and Girl Agriculture! Display.





20,000

A Meeting Place for he Dairy World. All Under Cover.





Reduced Railroad Rates From Everywhere





When Writing to advertisers please state that

you saw their ad. in The Michigan Fat-men





 





 





gree of certainty than was possible





A ‘-‘-~





 





 





T is during the tall at the year that



changes are made in the docks

. and herds, sires ere Detected and

plans are laid by which we hope to

secure an increase in the numbers of

animals kept and improvements made

in the character of the animals raised.

To be satisfied with the character of

the animals now possessed would be

a means of checking progress and im-

provement. To be dissatisfied with

what one has and have a desire for

something better, and an ambition to

devise means to secure it, is one of

the first necessities required to attain

it. The dissatisfied man, with burning

desires to do something more and se-

cure better results is the man who is

likely to benefit himself and be a hen-

efactor in his community. To seek

improvement for one’s own sake and

to benefit the community and the age

in which one lives, is a commendable

ambition.



Heredity and Environment.



In seeking to make improvements in

the live stock kept on the farms, there

are many things to be kept in mind.

'Dwo great factors with their divisions

and subdivisions, are constantly be-

fore us—heredity and environment.

Those factors are far-reaching and

wield a. dominating influence on our

operations from first to last. They are

the alpha, the beginning, and the nine

ga, which decides final results.



If I were to define heredity I would

say that it embraces all the ancestral

forces .of nature, plus life. When spec-

ulating on heredity we must take into

consideration nature's primal forces

and what has been gathered along an-

cestral lines during recent years. Some

influences may be looked for and ex-

pected all along the ancestral lines on

the side of both sire and dam, from

both remote and recent crosses. In

most cases the remote crosses lose in

potential influences as the length of

the line increases, leaving the domi-

nating influences to the last and re

cent ancestors. I could, if necessary,

mention instances which would prove

that there are exceptions to the rule.

In fact, the exceptions to most rules

quoted by breeders, are so numerous

that it can be easily shown that re-

sults in breeding live stock can not be

forecasted and predicted results ob.

taincd with anything like mathemati-

cal exactness. Like the scribe rule

with mechanics, one must venture and

await results.



If I were to try to define environ-

ment I would say that it means sur-

rounding conditions, which would em-

brace food, temperature and treatment

by those having the animals in charge.

Heredity furnishes the seed carrying

with it greater or less possibilities,

and environment is responsible for the

development of the animal. If the en-

vironments are favorable, then good

results are secured. If the environ-

ments are not good disappointing re-

sults are sure to follow. It is on fav-

orable environments one must depend

for the improvement of the young ani-

mals in charge over the immediate

and remote ancestors. It was by im-

proving the methods of feeding, and

giving better care to their animals

that the breeders of the eighteenth

century developed their animals, made

up their breeds, and proved to the

world the superiority of their stock

over those which had not for a few

generations been subjected to improv-

ed conditions. Improvements made on

their animals by improved environ-

ments soon became fixed and were

transmitted to a greater or less degree

to their progeny. It is safe to assert

that the improved animals composing

the breeds which we have today, which

have been held in a. continuous line of

improved conditions for a century,

transmit to their progeny their supe-

rior characteristics with a greater “de-





 





 





 





By N. A.





 

 





CLAPP ‘





for those composing the same br

fifty years ago.

Results Obtained.



Although we look upon live stock

breeding thus far followed as. an art,

not as a. science, the results obtained

are marvelous. Looking at the ani-

mals as they stand today, and repre-

sent the characteristics of the breeds,

the transformation of the animals

from the indifferent specimens which

composed the stock from which the

breeds were developed, we can say

that the breeders have molded them

at will with a. skill equal to that of

clay in the hands of the potter. They

are like the perfectly shaped vessels

ready to use for the purpose for which

they were designed. It does not re-

quire a. skilled individual'to place each

and every breed Where it belongs

among the breeds. ‘



Among the horses we need not mis‘

take the draft horse for a trotter or a

runner; the conformation is so widely

different that a glance enables one to

decide where each branch of the

equine species belongs.



With the cattle, the characteristics

of the beef breeds are so in contrast

with mace of the dairy breeds, that

anyone, with but a limited amount of

general knowledge of cattle, and the

purposes for which they are used, need

not make a mistake.



The sheep, which are dual purpose

animals, manifest by their appearance

whether they have been bred more for

mutton or more for the wool which

they produce.



The bogs, which are distinctively

meat producers, show by their shape

whether they are “fat backs” designed

to lay on fat and produce lard, or deep

sided, capable of producing strips of

bacon. , .



Lack of Interest in Live Stock.



It is very evident that there is, at

present, a lack of general interest in

breeding and improving‘live stock. The

district and county fairs have been

abandoned and ceased to exist. They

were not well enough patronized by

the farmers as exhibitors to insure

their continuance.



At the State Fair the avenues of “at-

tractions” on “midway” are thronged

with both city and country people who

go there with purses well fillednwith

money to spend, listen to the “hawk-

ers” of “natural freaks" and “marvel.

ous wonders,” spend their money only

to find that the greatest entertain-

ments and attractions are on the out:

side of the tents. P. T. Barnum un<

derstood human nature when he said

that “most people love to be humbug-

ged.” While the avenues on “mid

way” are thronged with people, the

stock barns, agricultural and horticul-

tural halls are comparatively deserted.



In the farm yards there is material

worthy of investigation and ‘study.

which, it looked at from the right

viewpoint, will furnish entertainment

far more interesting and profitable

than the attractions advertised by the

”hawkers” who are given to gross ex-

aggeration. . Nature’s forces in produc.

ing and improving our domestic ani~

mals, and the molding and shaping of

them by man, guided by his intelli-

gence and best judgment, make a.

fascinating study that should hold the

attention of all who are interested in

farm life. . A group of improved and-

developed domestic animals challenges

the admiration of all who appreciate

the influences of beauty, and the

blessings of efficiency. People in cit:

ies select farmyard scenes where ex-

cellent specimens of our domestic ani-

mals are kept, for their pictures on

which to gaze and furnish ideals with

which to impress on the minds of their

children while young images of genu-

ine beauty. Why are most country

people less appreciative of the bene-

ficial influences of our improved do~

mastic animals?



Weyncrco.





 





 





. NlAs CEAPlf.
B .





 

 





 





 





HE lamb feeding business has



various phases—and fits into



some forms of farming to ad-

vantage. The beginning of July usu-

ally finds some western lambs at Mis-

souri river points, out of which is the

feeder end too light for slaughter.

Western range conditions not permit-

ting sorting before shipping, and some-

times short feed on the range is pri-

marily the cause of shipping out. The

average corn belt farm is not ready

for these for it is too early for the

corn field and many stubble fields are

not fenced for sheep.



Michigan conditions can be made to

suit these early lambs. Three pounds

of rape sown in the oats at time of

drilling often provides an enormous

amount of feed. Meadows which are

to be plowed another season, are often

a source of considerable pasture. All

these are pound makers on lambs at

practically no cost. Later there are

corn fields which yield a considerable

amount of feed beforethe corn is at-

tacked. And even to continue and fat-

ten in the corn field is a profitable

method of corn disposal.



This year after a partial pasture

clean up, the racks are taken to the

meadow where hay is stacked and

around 700 lambs are being finished

on clover hay and salvage grain.

About an equal number is being held





_- Summer‘Lamb Feeding '

By JAS. N.





MCBRIDE





The first month’s gain on lambs, as

measured by shipping weights, is

sometimes deceptive, because lambs

taken from their mothers and used to

green feed only, are well shrunk out

and carry some food weight after be-

coming used to green feed. Twenty-

five pounds gain in 90 to 100 days is

good feeding, and perhaps above the

average gain. Quick gains are not al-

ways the most profitable as utilizing

cheap pasture and waste products are

to be considered.



Western lambs are very fond of

sweet clover and do not draw the line

on nettles or burdocks. If sweet clo-

ver could be Cut back to be in its

prime early in July it would make a

most profitable pasture crop for the

lambs. This would avoid some of the

difficulties of curing and handling the

crops. There is very little sentiment

in feeding lambs as compared to the

individuality acquired by acquaintance

with a breeding flock. Each lamb rep-

resents a 'certain investment and the

gain and selling price make for profit

or otherwise. '





THE VALUE OF MANURE.





 





The best results from manure will

be secured when it is hauled direct to

the field, six to eight loads per acre,

to be plowed under for corn or top-





 





 





Cheap Pasture Feeds are Converted





back on pasture for smaller gains at

less cost.



The advantage of summer feeding is

that gains are made out in the fields

where the manure is needed and at a.

time of year when out-of-door feeding

is mest profitable. Solid bottom racks

are used and grain fed in the same

racks as used for hay. A remote field

can be used, and with the addition of

grain the hay crop returned almost as

if turned down with the plow. A drive

well was put down in a few hours and

furnished a necessity for sheep, as

they demand plenty of fresh water on

dry feed.



Hay alone is not sufficient to make

profitable gains. Grain at the begin-

ning about one pound per head and in-

creasing until they are on full feed, is

about the proper measure. Lambs on

arrival should be turned in short scant

pasture until accustomed to the green

feed, and salt withheld for several

days to avoid scours. .





With scouring comes danger from

flies and maggots. Constant watching

and care are essential at this period.

A dirty lamb is under suspicion and a

constant tail wiggle confirmation.

Shearing the infected spot, and an ap-

plication of turpentine and then of tar

to, heal, is recommended. An occa-

sional loss of two or three to the car-

load for various reasons is not at all

unusual.



When corn field feeding is commenc-

ed the lambs should be full fed and

accustomed to grain before beginning

on the corn and pasture in addition

provided. There is no more profitable

way of cleaning up a field of beet tops

than with a bunch of lambs. Here,

too, is some danger of scouring as

seasons and time of year when fed

make some difference.





 





dressed on pasture or grass land.

will benefit these crops and also the

grain crops that follow. When fresh

manure is to be applied to a grain

crop top-dress with it six to eight

loads, or if rotted manure 'is available,

it can. be plowed under. On the North

Dakota Experiment Station farm, ma-

nure applied to corn land six loads per

acre, has increased the corn and the

following three wheat crops enough to

make a return of $1.50 per load.





the other day at the highest price ever

known, $11.60 per 100 lbs., this being

paid for fancy butcher weights, which

have been the highest sellers.

while the inferior quality of a. large

percentage of the daily offerings caus-

es a widening out of prices between

the commoner grassy hogs and

small percentage of high-grade corn-

feds, and the packers are insisting on

more favorable terms

which are found to dress badly and

frequently cost in the end relatively ’

more than the choicer lots.

continue to market the larger part of

the hogs at lighter weights than in re-

cent years, with recent receipts aver-

aging only 226 lbs., comparing with

235 lbs. one month earlier, 238 lbs. one

year ago and 247 lbs. two years ago.

The eastern shipping demand is var-

iable in numbers of hogs purchased,

with medium weights selling highest.

Fresh pork products

very high prices still, and so are lard





and cured hog meats, stocks of which

1n_packers’ cellars in western packing

pomts are being reduced rapidly. Pork

has. soared above $28 per barrel, com-

paring With $12.15 a year ago.





into Dollars by Summer-fed Lambs.





It





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Hogs sold in the Chicago market

Mean-





e

for





grassers,





Owners





are selling at





 





 





6 Here’s Twice As Much For 65c" {1.25,

Your Underwear Money affine usa’fsa.‘





This wonderful Hanes‘

Underwear is plumb full of

value. It has everything

you want—warmth, com-

fort, fit and wear, at a price .

you want to pay—1650 a .

separate garment or $1.25





a union suit.



Buying Hanes Underwear is like

buying cream at milk prices. It’s

cotton all the way through—soft,

clean, warm, sweat-absorbing . cotton.

It’s honest and sensible—no fancy

touches—just the biggest load of





value that sixty-five cents or. one dollar

and twenty-five cents ever carried. .





EZA S770 KNIT





UNDERWEAR





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





ssc' ' f‘ ‘ , $1.25

per per

Garment ' Union





ELA 577‘? RN17





UNDERWEAR





Hanes Union Suits have a comfort-

able Closed Crotch that stays closed;

Elastic Shoulders with Improved Lap

Seams which “give” with every

motion; snug-fitting Collarette which

always keeps the wind out of the neck;

Improved Cuffs at wrist and ankle

which hug close and do not stretch

out of shape; and every button is a

good Pearl Button.



Hanes Separate Garments have

Double Gussets to double the wear; a

Comfortable, Staunch Waistband; Im-

proved Cuffs which hug the wrists and

won’t flare out; a snug Elastic Collar-

ette which never gaps; Elastic Shoul-

ders with Improved Lap Seams which

“give" with every motion.



Pre-shrinking keeps all Hanes Un-

derwear elastic and true to size and

shape. Seams are unbreakable where

the wear is greatest.



No more darning or patching—no

more frayed and “holey” underwear.

Did you ever hear of such underwear

anywhere under $2 a suit? We never

did. See a Hanes dealer. If you can't

find one, write us.





P. H. HANES KNITTING COMPAN

WINSTON-SALEM. N. C.





ARROW

COLLARS





ARE MORE FREE FROM SPECKS AND

STAINS AND LAUNDRY FAULTS

THAN OTHER COLLARS AND HAVE

AMPLE CRAVAT SLIDE SPACE





 





 





 





“GOTHIC"





156 each

6 for 906





CLUETT, PEABODY & Co., INC., Makers





 





 





 





 





 





Letz Grinds Oat Hulls





' Only mill that grinds oat

" f enoughtofeedswine.Grinda





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





hulls. in one operation. fine





 





with a ,: ea]: cotrn, snalrfipffd clgnf'i' oats.



w ea ,rye.a a . a ream



ROSENTHAL with .stalk, peafirines, cow



Com Husker ;. peas—m fact anything grindable.



and Shredder .. = 1,000 to 3,000 Bushelsr

Most economical and satisfactory way of handling Per SEt 0f Plates





 

 

 





your corn crop. No dole , no extra help. Do it in

gour own spare tlme. wo sizes forjndwrdual use,

to 15 h. p. Also make three [at er Sizes for custom

work. Over 20 ears in the field. rite for catalog and

co Farmers ccount Book.State h.p.of your engine.





SOLD 0" TRIA $3333“:

aosrnmatconn HUSKER can“ 2 , Milwaukee.Wis.

Also Malone quCCd Gutters and Silo fillers





. 1 , . _

lg .1152, Savmgmcost of latessoon



1’ r, for grinder. Fates are -

\‘1‘1 _, 1:: sharpening silent running, self-

"il‘i . . aligplng. Running empty does

I” not in ure them. on daysfm

. aluable feeding book free.

. . / LEI! MANUFACTURING co.

210 East 8t..crown Polnhlml.





 





 





a]





 





LEARN AUCTloNlil-ZRING greatest“. ol





 





and become independent with no capital inverted.

Exery branch of the business taught in 5 weeks.

Write today for free catalog.



JONES' NAT’L SCHOOL OF AUCTIONEERING.‘

28 N. Sacramento Blvd., Chicago.. Ill. Carey M. Jones, Pm.





BUY YOUR run in CAR Lori





BOOK 0N





DOG DISEASES

And How to Feed





Mailed free to any address by





 





 





AIIIOI'h's the Author We can save you mctmey. Wtrigp for prices delivered

Planner H CLAY CLOVER co , Inc RANDOLPH un‘i’i’.“§rat‘°“'

' ' ° ' ‘ NC. 0 . Mich.

no! RIIIIBIIIOS 118 West 31 st Street, New York — w°“°





 





 





 





 





 





When writing to adver-





 





n, l.. K. MlLKERS FOR SALE tisers please mention the





 





Birth. disposed of my dairy herd I will sell 3 B. L. K.





 





Michigan Farmer.





on and complete equipment. Geo. A.True, Armadadllich.
llEll GROSS

FARM





POWDER

'II





The Original and Largest Selling

Farm Explosive





Why use expensive high speed dynamites

when this slower, safer farm powder will

save you from $3 to $5 per hundred

pounds and for most farm uses do better

work





BIG BOOK FREE





As pioneers and leaders in developing

farming with explosives our booklet gives

the latest, most reliable and best illus-

trated instructions. Write for HAND

BOOK OF EXPLOSIVES No.100-F





DEALERS WANTED





We want live dealers in towns still open.

Get the orders resulting from our continu-

ous heavy advertising. You need not

carry nor handle stock. State jobber's

name or bank reference when writing.





E. l. in Paul de Memoirs 8:. company

Established 1802





W'm’ld’: largest maker: of farm explosive:

Wilmington. Dolowure





000K vnun FEED





Slum, The Dependable Power





 





 





 





 





 





REBUI LT and SECOND-HAND ENGINES. every

standard make. that have been taken in trade

for New Port Huron Machines. Many sizes and

kinds giv e YOU 11 large assortment to select from.

Prices according to quality—every one D good

bargain. For Hulling Clover, Threshing run-

ning Ensilagc Cutters, GrindingFeed Sew ingStov e

\\ ood, HEATING. arid for COOKING FEED,thcy

are just what. YOU NEED. Use ANY KIND or

F0 Also have Rebuilt and Secondliand

Grain Threshers. Com Huskers and Shellers.

( ‘lox er Hullers. Silo Fillers wandv Portable Saw

Mills. If YOU don‘t want in a new

machine here is YOUR OPPORTUNITY to get a



'ood one at small cost. They’ re all fixed up right



not given a. lick and a promise.) Ask for our

REBUIL’I‘ machinery list sent FREE.





Peri Huron Engine 31 Thresher 00.





Port Huron, Michigan.





Cream Wanted





Send Us Your Cream

“re pay 4c over Elgin quota-

tion for Butter Fat. Weights

and Tests Guaranteed,Prompt

Payments. Write for ship—

ping Tags to,





0. A. ELLIS’ CREAMERY





Ford Market Building,

HIGHLAND PARK, MICHIGAN.





M31141 DYNAMITE

(





 





 





\ end accomplish more work in to-

moving ”on ,rocke, also plant

ing trees, d “in: ditches, 01”..

V0.





 

 

 

 





flotablllhod aver W





culsre.

TBRUSB ”POND R00.





can: more. women.





 





' Higher low wheels—-



- ‘ steel“ «wood—wide

or Borrow tires.

Wagonfiarts of all

m. heck to at





on rennin ear.

“(Lasting-In.





 





teed

asphalt,

' worked in between them. The floor





 





ByW.L





GILSON





Some time ago I saw an article on treating fence posts with creosote.

Will blocks sawed in the shape of bricks, treated in the creosote, make a





satisfactory cow stable floor?





Should they be laid with a layer of sand on





top of the concrete? What kind of wood will be best?——R. B.





REOSOTED wood block floors



have, during the last few years,



been laid extensively in factor-

ies, car barns, ferry ships, veterinary

hospitals and stables. These floors

have met with decided success be:

cause of their durability, sanitary

qualities, dustlessness, noiselessness,

and their desirable “touch” as compan-

ed to floors of less elastic materials.





' Considerable experimenting was done





with wood block pavements and floors

before they were pronounced entirely

satisfactory. While the difficulties

were being overcome, wood blocks

gained some public disfavor but as

more has been learned regarding the





methods of preparing and laying the





blocks, engineers throughout the coun-

try have come to recognize their high

value to be beyond question.

The Best Wood for Blacks.

Up to the present time, southern





yellow pine has been used for making .





paving blocks to the exclusion of oth-

er species excepting small quantities





pres-sure applied when a final vacuum

drawn to remove excess oil and act as

a safeguard against bleeding.



Home Treatment of Blocks.



For stable floors, the absorption of

creosote oil need not be heavy. For

home treatment the blocks should be

heated in coal tar creosote in an open

tank for from three to six hours, de-

pending upon the dryness of the wood

and the species used, then be removed

and allowed to cool in the open air.

Upon cooling, the contraction of the

air within the blocks tends to draw in

the creosote oil and prevent bleeding.

The effect is much the same as results

in commercial practice from drawing

a final vacuum. The wood to be used

should not be too thoroughly seasoned

as this tends to allow expansion and

ultimately buckling when the wood

absorbs moisture after being laid in

the floor, particularly in stables.



The home treatment of wood floor-

ing blocks has not been extensively

tried although many have recently dis-





 





Pontiac Hazel and her Triplet Heifers,





of Douglas fir, red gum, tamarack,

larch and Norway pine. Engineers

and foresters assert that While the

species in our locality have not been

given extensive tests, there is nothing

of their structural characteristics but

that indicates the probability of suc-

cess with many of them. There are

three qualities very essential of wood

to be used for flooring blocks. It must

be resistant to wear, of fairly uniform

structure, and allow reasonable pene-

tration of a preservative. Other than

these species which have been given

trial it is believed beech, hard maple,

sycamore, pepperidge, elm, ash, etc.,

are very worthy of trial. it is prob-

able that our softest woods, such as

poplar, willow and basswood, would

wear rapidly and lack the necessary

resistance to splitting.



The chief objections to creosoted

block pavements have been bleeding

(a term applied to the exudation of oil

from the wood) and buckling. The

danger of bleeding in stable floors is

reduced to the minimum because the

blocks are protected from climatic in-

fluences and the same protection lesi-

sens the possibilities of buckling due

to sudden swelling caused by absorp-

tion of moisture.



The Proper Way to Lay Floors.



Wood floor blocks are laid with the

grain vertical so that wear comes on

the ends of the fibers. It is also es-

sential, in order to lay well, that they

be of uniform shape and size. The

blocks are laid upon a concrete base

three to six inches thick over which is

placed about an inch of coarse sand.

They are laid so as to break joints

and are tamped into place after which

fine grout or hot pitch is





surface should be covered with_sand

for a few days, after which time it

can be removed.



In commercial practice wood blocks

are treated in a large cylindrical re-

tort so equipped that it can be tightly

closed, the wood steamed, a vacuum

drawn, the preservative» admitted and





 





Owned by M. L. McLaulin, Wayne Co.





cussed the probabilities of successful

preservation. Stable floors do not re-

ceive as severe treatment as pave-

ments do under traffic and the protec-

tion by a roof removes the most ser-

ious problems that are to be contend-

ed with in making satisfactory pave-

ments. There now remains no ques-

tion of the adaptability of creosoted

wood blocks for stable floors.





THINNING OUT UNPROFITABLE

COWS.





 





It has long been our custom to weed

out all unprofitable cows from the herd

whether old or young, once we were

thoroughly convinced they were not

producing at a fair margin of profit.

Many persons believe, however, that

when a cow has reached the age of

eight to ten years, her period of useful-

ness has passed. In a large measure

this is no doubt true but there are

some exceptions. I have had cows at

the age of ten years that produced bet—

ter than during gany other period of

their usefulness. Many cows are thin-

ned out of the herd every year and got-

ten rid of. They are put on the market

for what they will bring just because

the owner has the opinion that the

cow’s usefulness has passed.





If a cow has had good care, plenty

of the right kind of feed, good quarters

to sleep in during the rough periods of

the year, when it is either rainy, cool,

and damp, or when cold weather sets

in. If she has had this kind of treat-

ment there is no reason why she will

not produce profitably even at the age

of ten years or even longer.





We have had cows that were in good

condition at eight years of age, in fact

in their prime, and continued to pro-

duce profitably for several years. Af-

ter a time, of course, they gradually

declined, both in quantity and some-

times in quality of milk until we were

convinced that they were no longer

profitable. ‘ Then they were sold to the

first buyer who came along and who





unprOfitable as the' milk yield is gener-

ally small and one really good cow,

even at the age of eight to ten years,

will produce as much as one or two

young cows in the same length of time.

Another item of importance is the fact

that an older cow will not consume

any more feed than'the younger cows.

This, of course, will depend largely up-

on the size of the individual. This fact

alone tells me that it pays to not sell

a cow just because her age is going

against time and that econ she will be

unprofitable. When the time arrives

and the cow is no longer producing at

a profit it. is comparatively ‘an easy

matter to dispose of her and usually at

a fair figure. H. W. Sworn.





 





EFFECT OF RATION AND AGE OF

CALVING ON DAIRY COWS.





 





Many of the most thoughtful breed-

ers are asking agricultural experiment

stations if it is possible to follow any

method of feeding and management of

dairy heifers that will make it more

certain that the heifers will be good

producers. It is another application

of the question as to the relative im-

portance of heredity and environment.

Does a good dairy cow or an inferior

one derive her special dairy character-

istics by inheritance, or is it a result

of her treatment from birth to matur-

ity? Is a good dairy cow born that

way, or made what she is.



It is a well-known fact that there is

considerable difference in practice

among cattlemen in regard to the feed-

ing and handling of dairy heifers. We

find radically different views on some

points. Some hold that a cow should

be fresh at a very early age to insure

the best development of the milking

functions. Others take a directly Opt

posite view and prefer a. cow to be

quite well-matured and state that only

in such animals are the milk~produc~

ing functions the most highly devel-

oped. Some who raise dairy cattle

feed their calves only bulky feed and.

in rather scant quantities. Others

feed largely with grain and grow them

as rapidly as possible. Some hold that

if a heifer of a dairy breed is alloWed

to get fat when young she develops a

tendency to use her food for body fat

all her life rather than to produce

milk. Others hold that the dairy qual-

ities of a cow are ‘not influenced in

any way by the method of feeding

when young and that no harm comes

from a. heifer being fat.



There must be some general law or

laws in regard to these points that can

be found by experimental work. Ap-

parently there are a number of ques-

tions along this line which cannot be

answered definitely as a result of com-

mon observations or there would not

be this wide difference of opinion.

Having these facts in mind, the Min

souri Agricultural Experiment Station

in 1906 undertook an investigation for

the purpose of determining, if possible,

some of the principles upon which

practical methods of raising dairy

cows should be based. It was thought

that by raising dairy heifers under dif-

ferent conditions and keeping full rec-

ords from birth until the cow had

been in milk two years it would be

possible to come to some more definite

conclusion regarding the possible inf

fluence of the treatment when young

upon the future usefulness of the ani-

mal for dairy purposes. .



The general conclusions from the

investigations is that it is possible to

influence the rate of growth, size when

mature, and type to some extent, by

the liberality of the ration during the ’

growing period, and the age at first

calving. Within limits of variation,

even far beyond the normal, the char-

acter of the ration with reference to

amount of nutrients supplies. does not

exert any appreciable effect upon the

milking functions of the cow when

mature.





 





. - Cows with their that calves, up to A ”

three and four years of age, are mostly
*





 





  Autumn on theDairy Farm

, p By’ w. MILTON KELLY





UTUMN is the season of prepar- hard. Ripe corn allows large shocks.

ation on the dairy farm. Growth The larger the shocks the less snow

is completed, the fields are at in proportion there will be to combat



rest and their green is bordered with in hauling a load of bundles. Both

a tinge of russet and gold. Clouds of leaves and husks should show ripen-

rain, crashing thunder storms and ing before the corn is cut to shock.

white frosts give warning of the ap- Cutting the crop before the stalks

proach of winter and quicken industry have partially dried out is taking a

in gathering the year’s supply of food risk. If the weather is dry and windy

beyond the danger of storms. Muscles a green shock will cure well. But it

are hard from the summer’s toil and is much safer to wait until the stalks

the chill of the morning air makes the are matured sufficiently to insure thor‘

heart beat quick and the blood flow ough curing even though the weather

hot. Silos full of succulent corn, may be damp and rainy for several

bulging mows of hay, bins of precious days after shocking.

grain, sleek and contented cows, vig- The practice of shredding is rapidly

orous and growthy young stock, are gaining in favor in many dairying

the farmer’s reward for skillful man- communities. In the late fall and ear-

agement and faithful toil. Some of ly winter when the weather is fair and

the sweetest joys of country living are the ground hard, it is easier to haul

clustered about memories and experi- the shocks to the barn than it is dur-

ences in providing for our dumb com- ing the winter, when they are frozen

panions and getting them safely and to the ground and covered with snow

snugly sheltered from cold and storms. and ice. Experienced feeders estimate

Filling the Silo. that shredding the stalks increases



Turning to the gathering of the au— their feeding value about 25 per cent.

tumn food crops the filling of the silo This means that the stalks will last 25

demands first attention. Have the per cent longer in the shredded form

hoops tightened, the doors numbered than when fed whole and, produce

and in convenient places, and the bot- equally as good feeding results. As

tom tight. Plan to start one binder bedding the refuse from shredded fod-

cutting a day or two before the filling der is perhaps more valuable than any

begins so that the work may be start- other material. Nothing we have com-

ed promptly as soon as the crew is at pares with it in the ability to absorb

the farm. Have the cutter adjusted so stable liquids and keep the stock dry

that the corn will be cut in pieces less and clean. In a reasonably dry fall

than one-half inch in length. The finer shredding may begin in November as

it is cut the more firmly it will pack soon as the stalks are sufficiently cur-

in the silo and the greater will be the ed and the sap is fairly dry in the

food value. Once the wheels of the ears. As a rule, when the ears are fit

cutter are started turning, the work to store safely in the crib the stalks

should be rushed. A good cutter will will be dry enough not to mold in the

take the corn as fast as two men can mow in winter weather. Some dairy

place it upon the table—faster than farmers cut hay and straw and spread





the same two men can keep the pace. it out in layers in the mow with shred- ‘

In most dairying sections silo filling is ded fodder. Such a mixture fed to cat- DOWN and





a. community job. There is no danger tle during the early part of the winter 0 Y





of too many silos to one engine and means a saving of silage and bay for





cutter so long as added help can save feeding later in the winter and during

‘ time. Rapid filling results in just as the spring. Besides, these feeds are

good silage, and if the silo is refilled more valuable immediately after cut-

For any SizeZDirect from Factory -

You can now get one of these splendid money-making. labor-

savmg machines on a plan whereby it will cam its own cost and





within a few days there is no loss of ting than they are later in the winter.

more before you pay. You won’t feel the cost at al .





capacity. Always plan to have the sil- Care of Meadow Lands.

1

‘ “"5 N'iW BUTTERFLY '

THE =





 





   

 





OU don’t begin to think of buying a cream

separator until you are convinced that a

separator will pay. When you come to buy, though,





you want the one that pays best. How are you gomg

to Judge? Will these suggestions help you?



'First, buy from a responsible, reputable concern. That still

leaves you a number of separators to choose from.



Second, buy a separator that has proved itself a close, clean

skimmer. This narrows your choice down still further. Let us

send you a letter from the president of the Iowa. Federation of

Cow Testing Associations on this point.



Third, buy an easy running separator that requires but one

adjustment, and that one you can make yourself. By this time

your choice has narrowed down to two separators— a Primrose

or a Lily. Either one of these, by any test you choose to put it

to, will prove itself the separator to buy.



The local dealers who handle these machines can give you

conclusive proof of the superiority in close skimming, handiness,

cleanliness and length of service of Primrose and Lily cream

Separators. A letter to the address below will make it easy for

you to investigate these separators as much as you please.





International Harvester Cgmpany of America

ncorporate





CHICAGO U S A

Champion beefing McCormick Milwaukee Osborne Plano





 

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 

 

   





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 





   





 





age distributed evenly over the sur- The management of meadow and

face of the silo as it comes from the stubble lands is an important phase of

cutter and keep the edges well tread the management of the dairy farm

to prevent the air getting under. during the autumn months. If the clo-

When Corn is Fit for Silage. ver meadow makes a vigorous second

When to begin cutting the corn crop growth no harm will come from cut-

for silage is one of the most discussed ting the second crop for hay. It is bet- . m u NtO-e gigging; ”iii; mugging. e?” defining. vcviose skimming. durable,

« questions, and one on which there ter to cut the crop for hay than to al- sizzsififizongiii-liifg w01%.2511aéity mTEhInEallsll'ilosvili‘iierg—u-zil sofdfiosfiiifi- i3§'§§i'é2§

seems to be a great variation of opin- low the cattle to trample over the PalenledOne-Piece and on ourhbem’mm or ”I, $2 d°w;u:;:I:E’E;" t° 9""

‘ . ion. Some tell us to begin cutting meadows and eat it down too closely. Aluminum, saith; 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL ALIFETIME

31:25} n:;§°t.§iy You can have 30 days FREE trial and see for yourself

Cleaned ._ to W how easily one of these splendid machines Will earn

flown Tank—Oil li3€3:“.i?§:€£$8§%2?.“L€i’si?“i€§é; fi‘ii‘éiii‘l‘éi. =





   

 





 





 

   

 

 





 

 

 

 





when the corn is well-glazed; others Never pasture the new seeding for the

say when it is well-matured. These success of the crop the following year

terms are too elastic, for well-glazed depends on the growth of leaves the

and well-matured seldom mean the young plants make the first summer

same to two men. A little study of the and autumn. The leaves make starch

nutritive value of the corn plant as it and other foods and store them in the '“d °'°"“SP°""- and savemoney. WriteTODAY. in



nears maturity is much better than roots for the early growth of the plant _ '



any specific directions. The denting the following season. If they are re- ”overchZISSMarshallBlvd.,chlcago’fll

of the corn under normal growing Con- moved by grazing the store of food in l

ditions marks the ideal time for cut- the roots is lessened, particularly in a V ..



ting the silage. At this time much of northern climate. In a northern cli-

the feeding value is still in the stalk. mate it is also desirable to leave a full

l After the corn begins to dent the work growth of leaves to protect the roots

of the corn plant is mainly that of fill- against winter killing.



ing the kernels with the starches in It is always better to remove the EveryYearfiufldfl’d-fmmefarmmbuy

the juices of plant. Silage uses the stock from the pastures in time so E‘USke’s’a§theyfindd‘c mOS‘ewmm‘ Ti -



whole plant, hence the proper time to that the grasses may make a growth lcal’ efliCicnt way to $3“ a” the feed ‘ ' ‘ .3





value fa ' h k h :i \N

cut the corn is not when the most sufficient to protect them during the 0 corn cmp is to us t e ears fi\‘@9)\“

. \v . ‘





 

 





 

 

 

 





 





Famed Ball Bear- It not you can return it at our expense and we will 5

lugs—Easy Tum. refund your 82 deposit and pay the freight charges

. in: ~S a ni | a I' both ways. You won’t be out one penny. You take 5



Frame—Open ""K no risk. Postal brings Free Catalog Folder and direct.

from factory ofl’er. Buy from the manufacturers '





 





 





 





 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 





 





No. 5%

Over 75.000





now In use





 





   

 

 





 





 





   

 





   





 

 





(K ‘t‘ (Jig-‘3’: . ,2,

, ‘A, .





 

 

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





and make fodder of the leaves and stalks.





 

   

 





 





 





. food is stored in the plant alone, or in winter. Pasturing too closely late in The A I to“ en t f h k 1 ‘ WA?

the ear alone, but ‘when the total of the autumn is sure to result in greater Applelfliii:mndv‘eageagig-goggggezivliiigugogld . 99/4,;1flll

the food stored in the two 15 greatest, injury than turning the stock out too “'“cemdu- FeWPam-madefifimwong‘m‘?“ .3‘rlfll"\>‘¥‘"r——‘



. . . . . 10118 lile. few repairs and posmve dependabdlty. = 'f L..- - v “

yet before the ripening process has early in the spring. Nature prov1des .- ,3.





turned the starches in the harder a rapid growth late in the season to " albizlicAWiEiliiDgfigggvggg





parts of the stalks into indigestible protect the roots of the grasses dur-





-——.,

'3





. . . . than an huskerofe ual si e. A leto h .

crude fiber. Soon after denting of the ing the Winter. This late growth con- estJhelSl’sleastmas igostenicienfgom:nv'éi‘lfb‘iitesagr





 





, kernel takes place the development of tains only a small amount of nourish- 3’53‘3‘;Rigefrggldsfgglf:cvzgilgee’;“::g?tgsEggs-giggly Husker book free! I.

crude fiber in the stalk results in a ment and it is far better to leave it safest to operate. Works in aii conditions ofcorn. 'sfg‘g'gg‘gsggmsg‘gsfs$3338:3g Q

loss of palatability and succulence undisturbed than to allow the stock to Avpleton Mfc.Co.. 620 Fargo St..B-hvin,lll. handle corn this way. Write volley. 3?





 





that more than counterbalances any graze it closely in the fall. The wise _

gain in the amount of nutrition in the dairy farmer will plan to utilize sup‘





 

   

 

 

 





     

 





   

 





     





 





ear. ' plementary forage crops 01' silage AMERICAN I lee-Inn."- "cannula-ounce".

Harvesting the Corn Crop. when pastures need the extra growth a: CREAM

After the silos are filled, the rest of to protect them during the winter.

the corn crop should be put in shocks. . Sweet Corn for Fall Feeding. ‘ SEPARATOR 30:“! I"! Nfcflsnoglin Agv-nce'

Most of the nutritive value of the For early fall feeding there is noth- Fun, Gun“. 352fi'mmgegmq’pgmtgégilgxiei:

shock corn should be in the ear. It is ing that will be eaten with more relish ‘ fiffiffi'flfii’féiiily °§§£idé asst" rflhe‘éfifimrfl 9&1:

O orna-





 

 

 





better if the corn has ripened in the than sweet corn. This may be put in mm, °,7_m~nom,nh:gfnmecynfiffl‘adxsfiem" ““7 Earrings?





stalk and the stalk became dry and with a common grain drill by closing lllllflwlll SEPARATOR 00., Box 5061, Bainbridgo, Y. N. .fltfla‘filfim‘MMN‘MW-m ‘
l‘.

f

; .

.



‘ k

i

5,:

.‘L- '

.b

.

'14.





«was L *4





new“). . .





 





afi“’but three holes. and it will kinke a '

' rapid growth and furnish many ears ‘ ‘ '





which will add materially to the value

of the forage. Sweet corn is very pal-

atable and the cows will eat immense

quantities of it, in many cases enough

to make good for the shortage of pas-

ture grasses. When feeding large

quantifies of sweet corn, it is advis-

able to feed a few pounds of dry grain

daily. This counteracts the laxative

effects of the juicy forage and supplies

the deficient elements necessary to

produce a maximum flow of milk. It

is always desirable to have a patch of

sweet corn for feeding the cows dur-

ing the autumn months.





Never make the mistake of compell-

ing the cows to roam over the whole

farm to pick up their living during the

autumn. As soon as freezing nights

come the cows should be put in the

barn and not/turned out in the morn-

ing until the weather is pleasant. It

is better to have them out every day

unless it is cold and stormy, but judg-

ment must be used to give them the

proper protection during rainy and

cold weather.



Keep Cows in Condition.



Any dairy cow that has the vitality

necessary to produce a calf will pro-

duce something during the summer

without showing any serious loss, but

the cow that goes into the barn at the

beginning of the winter in a weak,

run-down condition is about as profit.

less a proposition as I know of. It is

physically impossible for the cow to

produce a satisfactory yield of milk

when she. is thin and her circulation

and skin are out of normal condition.

No matter how wide a variety of feeds

or how well they are proportioned, it

requires several months to get such a

cow in good working form, and that

means a 10ss of time and many dol-

lars worth of grains. We must have a

well balanced, vigorous cow as well as

a properly balanced ration to begin the

winter with if he realize the best re‘

turns fiom ouI dairying





APPLYING TAR TO A SlLO.





 





I have. a cement stave silo and I am

told that the ensilage is better if the

walls are painted with tar, for the ce-

ment wall is not good for the ensilage.

Had I better use tar, and What kind?



SUBSCRIBER.





If the. cement staves are rough tar

would help smooth them and possibly

would protect the cement from the

acid formed in the. silage. But I would

not want to coat a silo on the inside

with tar. I don‘t like to have the tar

eaten by the cows. Some of it will be

dissolved by the silage juice and will

affect the silage more or less. I would

not coat the inside of a silo with any

preparation. With a wooden silo noth-

ing is necessary, for silage seems to

preserve. wood. Silagewill act on ce-

ment somewhat but this does not in-

jure the silage, though it does injure

the cement. I have had to plaster my

cement lined silos since they were

built as the silage actually dissolved

the cement, eat it up, and it had tobe

replaced.



It is claimed that the silage close to

a cement wall of a silo is not as good

as it is next to a wooden wall for the

reason that the cement wall allows

the silage to cool off too quickly to

produce the bacterial change neces-

sary for the best quality. I think there

is something in this, but. I would not

use tar or any other kind of paint on

the inside of a silo.





FEEDINC DAIRY COWS.





 





An English Experiment Station has

definitely determined that the total

quantity of milk is not influenced by

equal or unequal periods of milking,

but that the fat percentage is mate—

rially altered by the length of time be-

tween morning and evening milkings.

Cows milked at even periods gave

more milk in the evening than in the

morning. The evening’s milk was

slightly the poorer in quality.





26 Extra Features

73 N ew Conceptions





   





 





 





   

 





 





 

 

   





 

 

 





 

 

 





V 20% ' Extra V aluc





MODEL





CMWIWIWWWWHMIWWMW





20 % Extra. Value





Due to John W. Bate, the Efficiency Engineer





We intend that the Mitchell shall ofier 20

per cent greater value than a like price can buy

elsewhere.



We save at least that in this factory. It was

built and equipped by John W. Bate to minimize

every cost. It has reduced our making cost one-





half. It has given us an'advantage of 20 per cent,





we believe, under any rival Six.





90% In the Chassis





About 90 per cent of this extra value goes

into this Bate-built chassis. It goes largely into

extra strength. There are 440 parts which are

drop-forged or steel-stamped—three times as

strong as castings.



The major strains are met by Chrome -Vana-

diurn steel, costing up to 15 cents per pound.

To every part is given at least 50 per cent over-

strength. The rear springs are Bate cantilevers,

not one of which has ever broken.



We include a power tire pump, an extra-cost

carburetorka ball-bearing steering gear, an easy

type of control.



There are in this car 26 extra features which

other cars omit. And those extras will cost us

about $2,000,000 on this sea-





That’s forty years of ordinary service. Seven of

them have averaged about 175,000’miles each.



See what Mr. Bate’s genius has done for the

Mitchell. His improvements number more than

700. See what his efficiency gives you in extra

values. A half-hour spent with a Mitchell dealer

will win you to Bate-built cars.





A Many -Year Decrsron

The decision you make on a fine car now will

afiect you for many years. If you get the right

car, you may never need to buy another. If you

buy the wrong car you are likely to change

before long.





Don’ t judge by demonstrations only. All new

cars run well. Go into the hidden facts. Get

the records on endurance. Above all else, judge

by the man who builds it.





Go deep enough, and you are bound to choose

the Mitchell. Many noted engineers have done

so in buying cars for themselves. Your Mitchell

dealer will show you a list of them.



You will get in addition the most complete

car that’s built. In the Mid -Year Mitchell you

will get 73 new conceptions. Our designers ex-



amined 257 of this year ’s'





 





son’s output alone.





Aims at 200,000

Miles





Mr. Bate has aimed at a

lifetime car. Two of his

Mitchells have already run

over 200,000 miles each.





l27-inch wheelbase.





 





$1325F Rats.





For 5-Passenger Touring Car





or 3-Passenger Roadster

7-Paesenger Touring Body $35 Extra

Equipped withDemounmble TopOnly.$300 Extra he has.





High-speed economioelSlx—48 horsepower——

Complete equipment. in-

cluding 26 extra features.





models before completing

this one.



Ask us the name of the

nearest Mitchell dealer, if

you do not know him. For

your own Sake, see the car

(122)





Mitchell Motors Company, Inc

Racine, Wis. U. S. A





 





 





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_‘ MID-YEAR Due to Factory Efficiency





 





 





 





 





SHARPLES





SUCTION'FEED

CREAM SEPARATOR





$80, 000, 000 worth of cream is lost annually,

due to turning old-fashioned separators below

speed (19 out of 20 farmers turn too slow) .9... Man of atan





Sharples is the only separator that will avoid

this loss—skims clean at any speed. Over a million

users. Made by the oldest and largest separator factory





 





‘ln America.





San Francisco





The Sharples Separator Co. - 3 West Chester. Pa.

m: “cm W





Your (lows In

HARRIS Sianchions





will feel better. give more



dig, wave more p l {

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Tm
LITERATURE

POETRY

msronv ana

INFORMATION _





 





 





 





“fire FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC (m?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





Tic Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





HE unwritten history of Ameri-

can agriculture reveals the

names of several pioneers, who

in original and primitive ways, ren-

dered far greater service to mankind

in general than many more dignified

men of science, agricultural experts

and inventors whose names are promi-

nent in our written history and whose

pictures hang in our halls of' fame.

One might feel indignant at the in-

justice which deals out what people

call fame with so unequal a hand, were

it not for the reflection that those who





John Chapman--—Rura1 Benefactor

By—W. MILTON KELLY





understand the true meaning of fame

have learned to look on popular ap-

plause at its true value. The fame of

great men ought to be estimated by

the value of their labors to promote

the happiness and comfort of mankind.

Since about 1800, when the star of the

empire took its westward way and

changed forests into fields of grain,





and waste places into orchards and

gardens, the name “Johnny Appleseed”

has been familiar to thousands of resi-

dents in the territory between New-

fane, New York, and Fort Wayne, Ind.



About 1805 a queer looking craft

was seen in Lake Ontario off Newfane,

N. Y. It consisted of two small can-

oes lashed together and a crew of one





man—an angular, oddly dressed per?





son, who, when he came ashore, said

his name was John Chapman and that

his cargo consisted of apple seeds

which he intended to plant. The coun-

try at that time was sparsely settled

and the settlers received him with op-

en arms. In a few years he became a

familiar figure and a welcome guest at

the homes of all the new settlers. All

of the old orchards in Niagara county

were produced from the nurseries of

John Chapman. Wonderful changes

have taken place in the intervening





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllIlllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHHHIHHHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllll|||l|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





N. a'ow -.- ,M





Thomas A. Edison and H. S. Firestone

Returning from Adirondacks.





 





 





Star Fielder of Los Angeles Girls’

Baseball Team.





 





Eagle Attacks Aviator, is Caught by

Aeroplane in Flight.





 





 





 





Avery Brundage, Best All-around

Athlete in America.





 





 





David Lloyd George, of, England Con- Automobile makes New Trans-continental Record by Covering Distance from

San Francisco to New York City in 5 Days, til/2 Hours.





ferring with French Premier.





 





 





 





l'he Autoped makes Convenient Mode

of Traveling During Big Strike.





 





 





(The Steamship Congress as it Appeared when Burning off Coos





Bay, Ore.





Copyright by Underwood. 0; Undnvood N. Y.





 





A Mexican Depositing his Vote at the Election held September 3.
The New 32

BROWNIE





An efficient, yet simple camera for

pictures of the popular post-card size.

Fully equipped for snap-shots and

time exposures and has the auto-

graphic feature whereby you can date

and title the negative, instantly at

the time of exposure. Exceedingly

compact, well made in every detail,

handsomely finished—a typical pro-

duct of the Kodak factories where

honest workmanship has become a

habit.



Priced at $10.00 with the meniscus

achromatic lens and at $12.00 with a

Rapid Rectilinear lens the new BA

Brownie is one of the cameras that is

helping to make photography by the

Kodak system both simple and inex-

pensive.



Ask your dealer to show you the

new PM Autographic Brownie, or

write us for catalogue of Kodaks and

Brownies.





EASTMAN KODAK CO.,

389 State St., Rochester, N. Y.





i ; Appleseed". and today.

' miles stretch acres of beautiful apple





 





 





 





 





   





Guaranteed for Life





The "New-Way” for running the hay baler.

ensilage cutter. corn shredder. or for doing

other heavy work about the farm, has no

equal. It furnishes asteady. even flow of

power under any conditions of work or

weather, backed by a guarantee which

covers the life of the engine.





For abov e hem y work we recommend the

“lew- Wu" 8 to 12 H. P. double opposed

cylinder engine. It weighs less than any

single-cylinder engine of like horse power.

Mounted on truck. it can beeosily moved





“Will“ h





‘Gosoan Gees Run?





A FEW OF ’I'IE POINTS “MI

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Lighten retina weight of plutonium-do

03:4‘1- -no water—no extra weight.

Built on nliable four-cycle principle.

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Kid: human bui t-in magneto.

Throttle cover-nod.

grog forged steel connecting [Odo-donation“

grade automobile carbon!»

8p ash all system.

Enol closed, duat- proof. oil- tighuhingodcronkoooe

Eon! to understand—simple to operate





 





 





Prices range from $49. 00 to 3420. 00 t. o. b. Lan-

sing. Michigan. 8e nd torus-log.





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n FEED MILLS





GIVE mrnzsmrs

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out. car com (with or

Mondyhdallkinduotmn .~

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F at WEED“ P

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nationw-





lrllo for Catalog





ththllnallabout ,

“folder though” Ins“:

and food: and m





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When Writing to Advertisers Please

.l/Iention The Michigan Farmer.





 





 





years betweenthe in! . . -‘

For mlles' and





 





 





orchards“ Thousands of barrels of

these deliciousapples are shipped an-

nually to the markets of America and

Europe. In the fall thousands of men

are employed in the orchards of Niags

ara county to pick, grade and pack the

crops. Traveling from Newfane to

Fort Wayne one sees thousands of old

orchards that represent the life work

of thisgreat benefactor of mankind.



John Chapman was born in Spring-

field, Mass., in the year 1775. Of his

early life little is known, as he was

reticent about himself, but a‘ half sis-

ter who passed through that section

later said that he had, when a boy,

shown a great fondness for natural

scenery and often wandered from his

home in quest of flowers and plants

and he liked to listen to the birds sing,

and gaze at the stars. Chapman's pen-

chant for planting apple seeds and cul-

tivating nurseries caused him to be

called “Appleseed John," which was

finally changed to “Johnny Appleseed,”

and by that name he was known ever

after.



The fields of his operations while in

New York state were in Niagara coun~

ty, especially in the lake region, and

his mission in most part was to plant

apple seeds in well located places in

advance of civilization and have apple

trees ready for planting when the new

settlers should appear. He also scat-

tered through the forests seeds of

medicinal plants, such as dog-fennel,

hoarhound, catnip, and the like. His

first nursery was planted within‘ five

miles of the present village of New—

fane, along the lake front where'he

confined his activities to the townships

of Newfane, Wilson and Somerset,

which are now in the heart of the ap-

ple belt.



Chapman was enterprising in his

way and later he planted apple nurser-

ies in a number of sections, which re.

quired him to travel long distances to

visit and prune them yearly, as was

his custom. His usual price per tree

was a “fip-penny-bit,” but if the settler

hadn’t money he would give him credit

or take clothes for pay. He genearlly

had nurseries located along streams,

planted his seeds, erected a brush

fence around his patch, and when the

settlers came, Johnny had young trees

ready for them. He extended his op-

erations to Orleans and Monroe coun-

ties.



John Chapman was fairly well edu-

cated, well read, polite and attentive in

his manner, and chaste in his conver-

sation. His face was pleasant in ex-

pression while he .‘s kind and gener-

ous in disposition. His nature was a

deeply religious one, and his life was

blameless among his fellowmen. He

regarded comfort more than style and

thought it wrong to spend money for

clothing to make a fine appearance.

He usually were a broad-brimmed hat.

He went barefoote'd not only in the

summer, but often in cold weather,

and a coffee sack with neck and arm-

holes cut in it, was worn as a coat. His

Clothing was sparse, old and unique.

He claimed that man should be cloth-

ed to conceal his nakedness, and not

for comfort, much less display. His

wardrobe was usually but the second;

hand clothing, which he had taken in

exchange for apple trees. For a hat,

he were for a long time a tin pan,

which he would use -as occasion re-

quired, in the‘ cooking of his frugal

meal. This was subsequently super-

seded by a head covering of pasteboard

so cut as to give a wider brim on one

side than on the other, this to protect

his features of the glare of the sun.

In this anamolous sort of attire he

traversed the country, visiting the na-

tives for the purpose of plying his ap-

ple seed profession. His gentleness of

manner and generosity of disposition,

always made him a welcome guest

wherever he was known. He was

about five feet nine inches in height,

rather sparse in build, but was large-

boned and sinewy. His eyes Were blue





 





but darkened with animation.





anything, not even for the purpose “of ‘





obtaining food. , He had a kit of tools

with him on his travels, among which

wasamushpan. Whenhecalledata

home his custom was to lie on the

floor with his kit serving. as a. pillow

and, after conversing with the family

for a. short time, would, read from a

Swedenborgian book or tract, proceed

ing to explain'the religious views he

so zealously believed and whose teach-

ings he so faithfully carried out in ev-

erday life and conversation. His mis-

sibn was one of peace and good will;

he never carried a weapon, not even

for self defense. The Indians regarded

his as a man of unusual powers and

his life seemed to be a charmed one;

neither savage nor wild beast would

harm him.»



John Chapman never married. Dis-

appointed in love in his home state

was the cause of him living the life of

a wanderer and recluse. Johnny, him-

self, never explained why he led such

a singular life only to remark that he

had a mission—which was understood

to be to plant nurseries and to make

converts to the doctrines taught by

Swedenborg. He was of New England

ancestry and undoubtedly well educat.

ed, for he was a good reader and a

ready talker, indeed at times he was

eloquent, especially when discoursing

about the fine fruit and the spiritual

theories of his beloved Swedenborg.



Aside from his odd hobby of plant-

ing seeds, which was the origin of the

first nurseries in Niagara county as

well 'as the means of supplying the

pioneers with that popular and delici-

ous fruit, he was exceedingly interest-

ing because of his strange habits, fan-

tastic mode and his unique manner of

living. On one occasion a pair of new

shoes was given to him which shortly

afterwards he gave to a traveler who

needed them worse than he. His gen-

tleness of manner and generous dispo-

sition always made him a welcome

guest wherever he was known and

whenever he would accept hospitality,

which was seldom. In his idea of liv-

ing and of society he was the pioneer

Thoreau of his time. He preferred to

live alone. John Chapman enjoyed the

solitude of the woods and the compan-

ionship of the forest animals rather

than that of his fellow men. While

traversing the woods in which he

spent a large part of his time, he car-

ried with him an axe, a hatchet and a

Virginia hoe, with which he cleared

the underbrush and dug into the loamy

or rich soil, usually along the banks

of streams. In these cleared spots he

would plant his apple seeds and start

a nursery.



Although the most of his work was

done free of charge it was the only

means of his subsistence. With crest:





WWW





 





 





for even hundreds of miles. He seldom

sold his wares for money but usually

exchanged them for such articles of

food or clothing as he actually needed.

His diet was thatof a. vegetarian and

consisted of berries, nuts and native

fruits of the country and,a little corn

bread or mush made from meal, for

which he traded some of his apple

seeds.





In philosophy he was a stoic, and as- L





sumed to bear pain with stolid indif-

ference. If he was bruised, wounded

or injured in any manner his first med-

ical application was a hot iron to the

affected part, by which it was scarred.

He was an intense lover of every kind

of animal and to kill the most repel~

lant or useless form of animal life for

any purpose was to him a. sin. If he

saw an animal maltreated or heard of

it he would buy it and give it to some

more humane person with the condi.

tion that the animal be kindly treated.

.He deserves to be called the patron

saint of the humane society of which

he was the earliestforerunner. Emi-

grants who traveled from the east to

the west, would often cast eff their

decrepit or wornout horses, leaving

them to starve or forage for them-

selves. As the blight of winter drew

near “Johnny Appleseed" would corral

the dumb outcasts and plan to have

them kept through the winter by some

farmer. He would never sell these

poor and despised animals, but if any.

oue recovered their strength so as to

be valuable he would lend them or

give them away, exacting a promise

from the recipient of the dumb brute

that it would receive kind treatment.

This sympathy with the lower forms

of animal life and sacred respect for

its existence was carried in John Chap-

man to an almost prepésterous extent.

At one time in relating how he was bit

by a rattlesnake he said, “Poor fellow,

he only just hit me when in the heat

of my ungodly fashion I put the heel

of my scythe on him and went away

Some time afterwards I went back and

found the poor fellow dead. That death

was a. cause of deep regret to Johnny

and he never referred to it without the

feeling of great sorrow. At one time

whencamping out he noticed that the

blaze from his fire was drawing thou-

sands of mosquitoes. Many of them

were lured into the flame and destroy-

ed. Without delay he brought water

from a stream and put out the fire. At

another time he started a fire near a

hollow log in the dead of winter, when

he discovered that within the log a

bear and her cubs had taken refuge.

Rather than disturb the peaceful slum-

ber of bruin and family he put’the fire

out and spent the night in the snow.

(Continued on page 325).





HIIIIHHWIW . ».=..~=.~» .





 





It Pays to Advertise—1M.





ES, that’s what the papers say.



And there’s a. lot of truth in the



saying. Advertising generally

brings some sort of return.



Suppose we apply this truth to hu-

man relationships. Everyone in the

world, every hour of his or her life, is

advertising. Ever think of it? It’s

true. ,



Granting this, what are we going to

advertise? ' How about Cheer? Cheer

pays mighty good dividends. Cheer is

quite as contagious as the measles—

and so much pleasanter. Mothers and

fathers especially need to advertise

cheer and poise. The kiddies simply

bask in it; and it’s so much easier to

explain the reason why they should be

“nice" and “stop sulking” if father

and mother do not still: and grouch

themselves.



Truth. There’s another good adver-

tisement to run in the columns of

Life’s Daily. It brings returns of con~

fidence, and high regard, and the do-

sire to emulate. “His word is as good

as his bond.'——there’s one of the best





answers one gets to truth advertise

merits. I



Love! The others are good but this

last is surely a “‘topnotcher.” I don’t

think any moral advertisement pays

better than love. Love of family, ex-

pressed in daily word and action; love

of animals, trees, and flowers; love of

community; love of country; love of

the Creator of all things! What a sat-

isfying, what a splendid response

comes through the advertising of one’s

love for the world in thought and

word and deed, and if the returns are

not always immediate they are no les: ,

certain.



There are lots of other human ad-

vertisements of a negative sort. Gloom,

which brings answers of discomfort

and strife and misery. Hate, with its

returns of malice and dislike; and

Untruth with its subtle influence for

evil and trouble making. But there

are two sides to the sh-‘ield—-—lets not

look at the dark side. Just remember





to be careful what you ’re advertising,





for—advertising alwayis pays.





 





 

 

 





’ the streams or highways”
Your Money-Saving Answer ,

To the Heating Question





-A Pipeless Furnace

at Wholesale Price





‘ h—and Quick Delivery

Direct from Manufacturers

_Freight Prepai Write at Once





Our



big stock



on hand in.



sures quick ship-



. ment direct to you

for Details





ERE’S an astounding offer. The most sensa-

tional'home-heating proposition ever made by

the Kalamazoo Stove Co. And no home own-

er nor renter can afford to miss it. Think of getting

a strictly hi gh-grade furnace—unbeatable quality cons



sh'uction—for no more than the retail price of a good

stove! .4», That’s exactly what this Kalamazoo Pipeless



Furnace offer‘gives you—furnace comforts at retail



stove cost. Think of it!





Easy to Install. One man could do it \in a few hours’

time. 9 No pipes to fit except smoke pipe and cold—air

returns. Simple as A B C and gives you the maximum

amount of heat from every pound of fuel you burn.

Heats the whole home through one big register. Good,

healthful, warm-air circulation from room to room.





This shows how the Kalamazoo Pipeless Furnace can

be installed with two wooden fines for cold air return.

A simple and satisfactory plan of home heating.





 





Get This Book





On Economical

Home AHeating





, Write today. See how nicely this furnace answers the heating problem

in your home—and at a big, fat saving in price. Read letters from

owners—get helpful hints on home heating—a money—saving book from

cover to cover. Tells why and how we are enabled to make this sensa-

tional offer. How we Sell direct to you at money-saving wholesale prices—-

how we give you better quality at prices that no one else can attempt to

meet—and why our 300,000 or more satisfied customers go to the limit in

boosting for Kalamazoo Stove Co. products.





 





FREE





Our big warehouses are now stacked to the roof with

furnaces awaiting shipment. And with seven busy

railroads running in all directions from Kalamazoo

we can promise quick and safe delivery to your station,

no matter what part of the country you live in.



we always pay the freight.





Perhaps we can refer



" you to Kalamazoo



owners nearyou. We



have a big list of



customers in almost



every section in the country—especially in Illinois,

Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and nearby states.





, Our bi out at kee s the cost do d l't u .

But no matter where you live, and no matter what g p p wn an qua l y p





Our big, modern equipment—our acres of floor space





 





 





your home-heating plans are for this coming winter,

get our new furnace book and see how you can save

money on this popular one—register furnace. Write



our name in the coupon now—at once—so you will

be sure of mailing it and get this book of helpful

hints—fresh from the hands of the Kalamazoo engi-

neers who have had years of experience in designing

heating plants for homes in all parts of the country.





Quick Shipment—and

We Pay the Freight





Another reason why this is a sensational offer. With

other factories crying for materials and boosting

prices, we have been able to get all the material

needed—and have kept our prices down.





—our own foundries—and our own buildings, fac-

tories and warehouses, all under our own control,

and without a dollar of rent to pay—and with most

convenient switching connections, it is natural that

we can lead them all on high quality at the lowest price.





Write ‘ Today





Now is the time. Give your home the comforts of a

good, warm-air furnace this winter. You have always

wanted one. Here it is, and at a lower price than

you expected to pay. Mail the coupon or write a

postal at once for our book telling all about it.





And get our wholesale price for the complete outfit

shipped ready to install—delivered safe and sound

at your nearest railroad station. Write today.





Ask for Catalog No. 909





KALAMAZOO ‘STOVE 00., Manufacturers, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN





Over 300.000 families using Kalamazoo Stoves. Ranges, Gas Ranges. Furnaces. White Enameled Metal

Kitchen Kabinets and Tables. We have three catalogs. If interested in other lines please say which you want





: Write Your Name ,’





Trade Mark

Registered





Here—Teartlff /

and Mail 9

Today ,’





I





O





’ Stoves and Ranges

O and Gas Ranges





Town and State





We also sell Kalamazoo Pipe

Furnaces and send HEAT-

ING PLANS FREE. De-

scribed in Catalog





shown here—

Write for it— ’ kALAMAzoo, mculonu

’ Gentlemen: Please send





Now ’ me your catalog No. 909 on

O





a’ MAzoo

/ STOVE co.





o





0

v KalamazooPipelessFurnaces.





O

O





I





9





Name





 





 





Street





 





 





Mark [K] opposite other catalogs wanted.





E] s 909 Watcissstssé‘fs“ I] K 909





A





Q

.’ KAlll- -





L...





-IgI-I--—I‘I-
* . _ wand Rattlers

ofoovc Heated Homes

iusreu !





a. 1‘ to

CAN burn less fuel and have worn»

er homes -— less muss and fuse —- better

health - by hestin with the LER

ONE RENTER IPELESS ACE.





Heats every room in the house comfortably,

cleanly, from one register. Keeps sir mov-

ing. improves ventilation. Easily installed

in old or new houses without tearing up

walls or floors. _Where no cellar, just dig a

pit. Burns wood, coal or coke. ls made of

solid cast iron and can be used a lifetime.

Investigate NOW. Get the facts why the

WELLER PIPELESS is yonr‘best buy.





‘ warn: FOR FREE'nooxLI-z'r





Gives you all the facts about the Pipeless

System of heating and the KUELLER

PIPELESS FURNACE. Gives full details of

construction and shows pictures of install-

ntlon. Tells how to apply it to your own

home, old or new: how to tell the dili‘erence

between good and poor furnaces—the

things to look out for and the things to

avoid. This Booklet sent free on request.





L. J. MUELLER FURNACE 00.,

195 Reed Street Mr“.

As we are. maker-so! hosting minim kindssime

[iv—regular hot air pipe furnscen. mean What m

holler: and vapo' heating symm‘" are in s position

«the youhoscst advice on your heating requirements.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Pull an acre or moreof stumps sday. Pull

any stump in 5 minutes or less. Don‘t have

Wind when it's soessyudcheap to full

the W: out! Make 1M5 profit by using

aefiercules. SIZBlfiOtbefirdyurontDacr-es!





.00 every year after. Let us prove it.





low Price and Book Free!





Get the facts. Read our book. Tells

whatallsieel,triplepowermeans. Shows

many features of the Hercules. Shows

many photos and letters from owners.



, Posts] will do.



,JIHCULES MFG. COIPMY



all” fill St. CoMJm





75c





PER





Gallon





ORDER DIRECT FROM FACTORY





We will send on as many gallons as you

want of the Kent quality red or brown





BARN PAINT





upon receipt of r iittuncc. We ere paint specialists

and can supply y u with paint for any purpose. Tell

us your wants and let us quote you low prices. We can

ave you money in shipping direct from our hotel-y.

Satisfaction guaranteed.





All paint shipped F. 0. B. lmey Elly





AHALGAMAT'ED PAINT co.

run": 371 WAYNE 5L JERSEY CITY. N. I.





 





 





When writing to :1de please





 





' 'Wfrhgweugu Farmer.





 





"‘1 'Man’x's" “ Humanity t0   Man C





By ROSCOE -M. SMALLEY





HE storm was howling fiercely

around the old abandoned shed

alongside the huge water tank





I No. 192 on the Canadian Pacific Rail-





road. All day long the blizzard had

been raging, and when night came, it

seemed to have redoubled its fury.



Within the shed sat a group of

“Knights of the Rail and Ties,” com-

monly called mm. and the glow

from a. poorly nourished fire far from

enhanced their weird looks. Their

‘faces resembled veritable craters of

burned out passions of every kind. In

the corner lay a. crumbled mass, once

upon a time called a man, but now a

mere shadow of a human being, whose

soul was slowly entering upon the

great divide.



One of the fellows, Texas Bill, be-





gan to hum. “My Heart’s Tonight in





Texas, Many Miles Away,” when he

Was interrupted by Utah Slim.



“Ah, shut up! Dere are enough

howlin’ outside, without you buttin'

in on the chorus."



“Well, maybe a little recitation

would suit you better, Slim, something

like this, ‘It was on a dary, stormy

night—J n



“Confound you, Reddie, if you air so

fond o’ dem book-laruin’s, why didn’t

.you stick to ’em when you got let

loose from de college—factory, instead

0’ tryin’ to drink up all de booze in de





‘ states ?” Slim yelled at him.





“There, that’s enough now, boys,”





remarked the youngest in the group,





whose nickname was Reno Tom, “you

all can settle that another time, but

now don’t forget that poor old Mack is

, suffering terribly, and the least we can

do is to let him rest till he starts on

his long last trip with no come-back

to it.”



A groan from the corner summoned

the speaker at once to the sick man’s

side, “Well, Mack, old scout. how do

you feel?”



“Same thing, kid, same thing. That

cussed bullet is giving me the dickens,

and the fever won’t let up a bit,” drop-

ping his voice to almost a whisper,

“Say, Tom, inside my shirt is an en-

‘velope addressed to the ole woman.





Promise me you will,

boy, it will make it easier for me ‘to

slip over the bank.”



“Come now, don’t worry yourself,

Mack,” the young tramp retorted, conic

plying with the request, by removing

the letter from the prostrate man’s

body, “you may pull through this all

right, and then you can deliver the

letter yourself.”



Returning to the fire, Reddie asked

of him: “How did Mack get that piece

of lead in his anatomy?"



Not deigning him a look, Tom an-

swered, “Little children shouldn't ask

too many questions, but since you

have got to know, it came about this

way: a brakie blazed away at Mack

’cause he didn’t want to leave a warm





1 ‘sheep-pullman’ he was riding in. But





by the way, you’d better go out and





. look for some more wood around the





tank, or we won’t have any 'fire at all,

pretty soon. I got the last supply.”

Reddie arose, and with a sarcastic

“Thanks awfully, thanks for your kind

information, and equally kind invita—

tim,” he vanished through the door in

quest of the desired fuel.

A long shrill whistle announced the

approach of a train.

“No. 6 gcin’ east.” Texas Bill be

marked, “wish we could hop her, and

get out of dis rumors/hie place.”

“Well, you can go if you wish,” Tom

curtly stated, “l’ll'sizay here with Hack

till—well. one way or the other.” .

“Guess we'll all stick, for dis is bet-

ter than ridln’ the cold unpers on 3.

mt like dis,” Utah Slim blood in.

drawing closer to the fire.



As. No. 6 went by, shakim the very

foundations of the earth as it appear-

ed, the wounded bellow grew very rests





 





I You take it, and if I go the trip, you.

‘- . see she gets it.





 





less, and bggsu to talk deliriously.

‘Thcre, quick. pull out that red sign.

and stop the express, 311’ while the

conductor runs in fer orders. we’s'e

kin slip between the baggage and mail

cars, and make. our get-sway."



Tom quickly rushed to his side, and

stroking the fevered brow as gently





as he could, endeavored to pacify him,_





whispering in his car, "All right, Mack.

we’re off, and all 0. K. Nobody saw

us either."



Soon the regular but heavy breathv

ing gave evidence that for a while at

least, the patient was resting comfort.

ably again.



Reddie stayed what seemed an in-

terminable period, and the tramps‘

only source of warmth threatened to

become a thing of the past. Finally

that worthy ex-college luminary came

in with a heaping arm-full of regularly

cut and split .stove-wood. Depositing

his load with a grin, he exclaimed:



“Eh, me hardies, did you think I

had mooched away? Fact was, could-

n’t find any wood around the tank, or

anywhere around here, so I ‘pronamb-

lated’ to the junction, and was reward-

ed in more than one way; first, this

wood was waiting for me back of the

tavern, then I got a glimpse at good

old times again. There weren’t many

customers in, and if it hadn’t been for

a fellow looking like the sheriff tack-

ing a card on the wall with the butt

end of an ugly colt, I believe I’d gone

in and hit the bartender up for a wee

shot in the arm. Couldn’t make out

all of the card, only saw the head line,

‘Reward for Capture~—.' By Jupiter,

I wish I’d got that weet shot."



“Very'kind of you,” Slim dryly re-

marked, “to get the dope, 'and us fel-

lows only see how it worked on you!”



For a while silence reigned su-

preme, only the crackling of the newly

acquired fire-wood, and the laborious

breathing of Mack, interchanging in

rythmic cadences, could be heard. Re-

no Tom stared into the ever-varying

blaze, apparently lifeless, like a statue

hewn out of rock, save for the expres-

sion and lustre of his eyes, which pre-

saged a firm resolution. Suddenly he

spoke up:



“Boys, what Reddie saw tonight,

might sure be more truth than poetry.

i reckon the sheriif is looking for

someone, and let me say to you, it’s

me, me only. . Now if we can’t get

away from here before they locate us

I want you all to be still. Let me do

the talking. I’ll square you fellows

all right. Only if I should be taken





~away, don’t forget Mack. See that he





gets in a box car, and—«if he dies be-

fore that, leave him here. They,"

pointing in the direction of the junc-

tion, “will at least bury him.”



Stepping over to Mack’s side, he re-

moved his own coat-and exchanged it

for the one the sick man was covered

with, explaining this act by saying:



“My coat’s heavier than his’n,” then

with a quick, stealthy movement he

took Mack’s old-faded, red tie, and

carelessly wound it mund his own

neck. His companions who had watched

his maneuvers, seemed paralyzed with

apprehension, till the imperturbable

Reddie began to quote, “There’s mys-

tery stalking 'bout us like a ghost!”



Suddenly voices without were heard,

followed by the immediate entrance of

a stalwart young man, with s sheriff’s

badge on his coat, and two equally as

sturdy deputies behind him.



“Hello, gentlemen! Hate to intrude

but we want to look you over. for

when leaving the tavern yonder a

while'ago. Pete here, saws. stick of

stove-wood, and flesh foot prints in

thesnow,andso weiust thought we’d

better follow them up and see who’s

who.” , ,



‘Tloolyouair.”.Slinmz-lediasn

undertone to Me.



“By Genus!” the about W to

as. den-nu; “oars w I an m





 

 

 





women-m mm» . .*

'n-ey mommman‘mkthe

face don't tally with that 81m :8

about titty years a '.’ and in an in-

stant he had Tom covered with his

number forty-tour. -



Cslmly, Tom arose, with hands um

lifted:



“Yes, inherit, I‘m your man—the

jlg's up. These follows were not with

me on that deal. I just rolled off No.

6, gone by an hour ago, for [Van bed

night to ride blind passenger way,” he

blandly added. '



Tom was securely muscled, and

the sheriff was so elated over the und-

den, unexpected capture of the man

described in the placard on the tavern

wall, and, too, the thought of the mug

reward offered by the railroad com.

pany for the apprehension and convic-

tion of the bold, express omce robber,

led him to forget all about increasing

the number of guests at his hotel

“Bastille de Williams,” and thus he

left the rest undisturbed.



After a._ while, when it seemed safe

to talk,“ subduedly at that, Reddie

stated:



“Never was nearer death in my life,

upon word of honor.”



“Wished you had died before you

got the wood, instead of stumblin’ and

leavin' bear-tracks for these cussed

man’hunters to trail after,” Slim air'

grily replied, “now it is a ten to one

shot if we don’t make that No. 21 at

four in the mornin’, the sherlflf might

change his mind and give us an invite

to dinner." ,. .



“What about Mack?"

asked.



“Wat, you heerd what Tom said, an’

we'll do it, for he shoreiy did square

us up for a little while."



Tom, in the meantime had been de-

prived of that fatal grey coat and tie,

.and was safely landed in a. cell. The

sheriff and his deputies still rejoiced

over their good luck, decided to return

to the tavern, to remove the card, and

to celebrate the event with “a smile

or two.” But these bitter cold nights

pass quickly in company with “good

fellows,” and thus it was that the tav-

ern-keeper had an “all night stand” of

it. For not until the long freight, stop-

ping for water, had laboriously pulled

up grade, past the junction, did that

worthy trio of representatives of law

and order quit the place.



Tom didn’t sleep a wink, but paced

up and down his narrow cell until he

heard the whistle of the freight, as

she pulled away from the tank.



“PhankGodimc murmured, "Mack’s

safe." Little however, did he know

that the Door mortal had breathed his

last, and was now without the pale of

the law,



When Sheriff Williams returned to



his ofilce, after bidding his deputies a

laughing “good-morning: his eyes he-

held tbe grey coat on the wall. _

, “Hm, forgot to frisk that fellow’s

coat pockets. Wonder if he has any-

thing in them to further identify and

incriminate him," and thus it was he

found Mack’s letter entrusted to

Tom’s care for safe delivery.



“Mrs. Anna Williams,” were—the

words the sheriff read, and with a

sudden premonition, he opened the err

velope, to find in it, a much thumbed,

oid~fashioned photograph of a woman

and a little boy.



“My—«my mother! And that little

kid is me!" With feverish haste, he

began to decipher the poorly-written

letter, a pitiful narrative of life’s dir-

est vicissitudes, a manful struggle in

the earlier, days to overcome same,

and then ultimate allure. A'life of

excesses and exposure, and having

reached the bottom of 'the ladder,

hope, character, selfnrcspect all gone,

nothing but a hopeless human derelict

left, subscribing himself in s amides-

persbe, seni—mandlin manner, ‘Ever

your lovin’ husband, Jones .Maek Wit

Bans.”



How in: the sherit glared at those

wretched lines of emlly as wretched

not one be M It hem





Utah Bill
} ,0: money, the size or which Tom had





 





 





 





 





 





and avoid hummer ‘ control,





he asked:



““93 your name, young fellow,

and how come you in possession of

this letter?"



Tom stated that his sobriquet was

Reno Tom, but as to his real name it

didn’t matter, for on account of the

folks’ sake, “down in Virginy,” where

he was born and raised, he cared not

to'divulge it. How he came to have

the letter we know, and telling the

sheriff about it, he added:



"Guess it’s safe now to tell you all

of the whole affair, as by this time my

companions of a few hours ago, are

miles away from this place, and your

jurisdiction.” Thus Sheriff Williams

was apprised of the details of the dar-

ing holdup, and shooting affair, six-

teen miles west of Scotia Junction,

four days ago. .



Mack had suggested to Tom to “pull

off a stunt,” which would make them

rich quick, and then go home; Mack





.to his wife and kid, which latter by





this time must ‘be a strapping young

fellow; and‘Tom back to “Ole Vir-

giny” to a certain brown-eyed little

girl, who promised she would marry

him “if he ever made good.” The

h‘oldup was a failure. Mack kept

watch outside, while Tom was to 00v.-

er the night operator. This fellow,

though, “had grit,” and showed fight.

Tom shot the gun out of his hand, for

they had not intended to go in for kill-

ing if they could help it. Gagging and

binding the operator to a chair, Tom

went in search of the big sum of mon-

ey left there by the express company.

The shot fired, however, attracted the

attention of the town marshal, also a

‘plucky fellow, and he came upon

Mack, flashing a bull’s-eye lantern on

him, thus getting the exact description

afore named. Both fired at once, but

missing each other, and Tom fearing

capture rushed out to Mack’s assist-

ance, and with a well directed blow

knocked the marshal out. By this

time, however, others came running to

the scene of the conflict, and the rob-

bers had nothing left but to flee, one

random shot striking Mack and felling

him. Tom, though, aided by the dark-

ness, managed to drag his wounded

companion along, until they found a

lonely, sheltering straw stack, where

the remained two days and nights. But

fear of detection, cold, hunger and

Mack’s bullet—wound drove them on

the highway again, and thus it was

they landed yesterday afternoon at the

old shed, finding it already occupied

by some other samples of the world’s

unfortunates.



“And the rest you know, Sheriff,”

he concluded.



After a pause, Williams asked: “One

more question, Tom. How came you

to change clothes with Mack?”



“Well, Sheriff’ he was sick, very

sick, then I knew his very heart was

being ate out, by a longing once more

to see his wife and kid, and so I

thought perhaps he might pull through

after all, and get to go home, even if

a tramp, or if he didn’t, it would be

better to die a free man than in pris‘

on, and so I took his place, changing

clothes and all, only I couldn’t make

my mug look like that of an old man.”



“How about yourself, though, and

the little girl who is waiting for you to

make good?"



After a moment’s hestitation, Tom

replied, “Guess she got tired waiting

by this time, for it’s six years since

they all heard from me. But I am

tired of this life, freezing, starving,





- mistrusted, cussed and cuffed at, and





so I thought I’d run my chances, for

worse it cannot be at least.”



The sheriff slowly unlocked the cell,

and told his prisoner to follow him

into the office. There he bade him don

some other clothes, a variety of which

were hanging along the wall, and then

with a look at the old clockremarked:



“in ten minutes the Overland EXr





press stops for a moment only at the





junction. Here—' handing him a roll





   





 





«not an m all his life,.' was over





there,» board her, pay your [are to Mon-

treal, and from thence get a ticket

home, and tell the ‘little girl from ole

Virginy’ I said, ‘You made good.’ "



Tom stood still amazed at the sud-

den turn affairs had taken, and stam-

mered:



“What does this—” when the sheriff

led him to the outer door, and gently,

but firmly pushed him _ out, saying

huskily:



“Tom, my lad, that man Mack was

my father. Run! There comes the

train new.”



A squeaking of brakes applied, a

sudden stop, followed by two quick

shrill whistles, and the monster iron

steed rushed on with its heavy load of

human lives behind it, little knowing

that another life had been added to

enter upon a new life indeed.



In the county jail office stood a man

with bared head, leaning heavily

against the window, watching the re-

ceding train, While he slowly repeated

to himself over and over again, Bobby

Burns’ time-honored quotation, “Man’s

Humanity to Man.”





JOHN CHAPMAN—RURAL BENE-

FACTOR.





(Continued from page 322).

Many similar instances may be related

of his self-sacrifice and even endanger-

ment of life in behalf of the protection

of the humblest forms of animal life.

The most cursory knowledge of the

life and belief of John Chapman is con-

vincing as to his tenderness of heart

and childlike simplicity of faith. He

loved nature in all her forms with a

strong and passionate devotion.



‘ In spite of his grotesque apparel, un-

natural manner of living and crude

method of dealing, he was neverthe-

less greatly respected by all who came

in contact with him. “Appleseed John-

ny” was a man of strong character,

deep philosophy and solely impelled by

the motives of humanity and benevo-

lence. His religious texts were the es-

sence of primitive Christianity, name-

ly, love thy neighbor as thyself. Like

Thoreau he did not wish to accumu-

late any property. He had no use for

worldly goods. .



Before coming to Niagara county

John Chapman worked along the





shores of Lake Ontario and is account- ,





able for the wonderful apple crops in

the northern tier of counties, St. Law-

rence, Oswego and Lewis. He had

worked his way across from New Eng-

land and was bent on following the

lakes which he knew was a rocky coun-

try and adapted to the production of

apples. After leaving this section he

went through Ohio and located in Rich-

land county, which is now the center

of the state’s great apple orchards. At

Mansfield, Ohio, a monument in his

honor was unveiled in November, 1900.



John Chapman was stricken with

pneumonia while at Fort Wayne, Ind.

He was taken in by hospitable pion-

eers and while on his sickbed he re-

ceived word that cattle had broken in-

to his nursery at Saint Joseph town-

ship and he got up and started on foot

to look after his property. The dis-

tance was about twenty miles and the

fatigue and the exposure of the jour-

ney were too much for him and on the

way he made a request for accommo-





dations at a farm house. He declined '





supper. He sat on the doorstep and

cast wistful eyes toward the west. He

then retired. in the morning he was

found in a high state of fever. A phy-

sician was summoned, but he was be-

yond medical aid. It is said by those

who stood by his deathbed that never

was there a man so calm, for upon his

wan face there was an expression of

happiness and upon his pale lips there

was a smile of joy, as though he was

communing with loved ones who had

come to meet him and to soothe his

weary spirit in his dying .moments.

And his eyes shone with the beautiful

light when supernatural God touched

him with His finger and beckoned him





home. He was buried at Fort Wayne, E





Indiana in the year 1847.





 





' momma ‘mons. rmoxnni. HIOEIGAN.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   





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war. at: less than one-tn rd of a cent r hour



run. 0 wick to trim, no chimney to c 93131 no



may I la, no smoke. no odor. No in:



set out of order. Can't spill can't explode and no



i it glen- i! tipped 0v .HFililt only clinch. v‘v’gka Clear:

0 o c n . . 0 on n a 6-10!



4 l as?! nfgr caytgligc ovens many beautivfulltylco.





 

 

 

 





THE COLEMAN LAMP COMPANY,

1106 Summit St. Toledo, Ohio.

" ‘chi : St. Pan Dallas Chic - -





\

. “v... 0 1" FE E W‘éffé‘tdrs

. tthe ES an





n 511% 153035 COFFEE BEND FOR PRIO 1‘31 IGHT

m1: ’





be C0.(Est.188l)Cofie:LSl claiists

' 1.385641 w. Madison Stac CAGO.





     





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





llfoii‘laljniibrllcr N

,A‘tglloineLofid Elsewhere





“0% 1 -"





 





\ ~ . f-





\ >..





' 4 0 0 As the roll was called each response

Keeplng Up ‘/‘/ 1th FaSthn was met with a seriousness which

showed the ladies felt the importance



“In words, as in fashions, the same faithful wife for a younger, smarter- of' the topic.





rule holds true—— - m' ht .

Alike fantastic, if too old or new—-— appearing woman. But a word 1g Mrs. Smith opened the program th





Be not the first by whom the new is be said for the _villain elven. ll} SllCh'her contribution, which was on the

tried, cases. Decry It If you W111: 1t 13 only care of table and bed linen. “I feel,”





Nor yet the last to lay the oldPaside.” natural for us to admire the beautiful she said “that it is economy to buy

_ Ope. 1





he wishes to down blames his particu- :houldf take pains to see that Sh: follow this up With giving my purchas-

lar hobby for half of the divorces. . eeps rom getting ugly in temper an es the best 0f care until they are worn

Thus the anti-saloon element blames 111 lOOkS- It IS the Chief (1119’ Of wom- out. ‘ Table linen is never left to wear

drunkenness for half of the divorces an to please man, strong minded new through entirely as long as careful

‘ in the country; domestic science fiends women to the contrary HOtYnthitan- mending will prevent it' For this pur-

lay half of them to poor cooking; foes mg. That has been womans m1ss10n pose 1 save the trimmings when hem-

of gambling blame cards and race and pleasure all dOWH the ages and ming tablecloths, which are always out

tracks for half, and men who don’t W111 continue to be seas long as the by a thread, and those are used to

want their Wives to Spend a cent, with- world stands. Doubly Is It the duty of darn thin places in tablecloths, map

out their approval are sure that ex- the. w1fe to please the husband. Alld kins and towels as they .appear. These

travagance is the cause of still anoth- It is as much her duty to please hlS threads being linen match the mate:

er half. The great , American evil be_ eye as t0,p1ease hls palate. The way rial so closely that the stitches cannot

ing taken care of so generously, may t0 anmans heart IS through hIS stom- be detected after laundering. I sim-

We not add another contributing fac- ach, may have been true .Of men ply darn back and forth until the thin

tor and blame at least a half of the when first the saying saw hght’ but places are covered.

separations to the Great God Fashion? the modern man s heart 1S more often

‘ , ' won by the way of bright and shining

A large number of men whose pock- apparel. DEBORAH.

etbooks are flattened regularly with N-

the seasons by the demands of the god

will rise to shout “aye.” But a still





“In using our electric washing ma-

chine, which the gas engine operates,

one of my new tablecloths became bad-

ly torn, an unusual accident but very

annoying because it happened to be

larger portion, upon whom the god has the best 0119- I put the torn part in

made no ravages, would, if they were BY EMMA GARY WALLACE. embroidery frames and sat down with

honest, vote with the affirmatives also. A delicate lace “val“ had become my roll 0f linen threads. It was a. tire-

For this god is double dealing and somewhat soiled. and a previous expe- some job but the result was so satis—

smites both those who serve her and rience had taught .me that the fine, factory that I felt W911 repaid. After

those who serve her not. cobwcbby fabric would not stand much it was washed and ironed the place



Make no mistake, little lady who handling. could scarcely be detected. I was care-

makes over her- last year‘s suit to A nlce suds was made of white soap ful to match the pattern by- holding

please friend husband. For unless he and borax and the garment rinsed the torn edges exactly as they were

is that rare specimen Of American 11D and down in this. The soiled DOF- before. My table linen IS never allow-

man, a miser, he would much prefer tions about the wrist were rubbed ed to flap on the line when, the Wind

[0 have you buy new and look as well with the soap and then patted between blows, nor any of my laundry for that

as the woman across the street. Re- the hands. A fresh suds was made matter, for nothing wears the fabric

member this, that no matter how and the waist allowed to soak for half faster than that. I turn my pillow

much men may prate of the beauty of an hour. The patting process was re- slips at the first sign of wear by rip-

the modest violet, they never notice peated. Then it was rinsed up and ping the bottom and resewing 90 bring

one in a bed of poppies. And all your down in several waters, the first two the wear on the parts which were at

efforts to attract attention by sensible 0f Whmh contained a httle ammonia. the sides. I also rip the sheets and

wearing apparel when frivolous gar- It was now ready for the finishlng turn outside edges in the center, even

ments are the vogue, are worse than touch. , though this means a narrow hem at

wasted. It was quite as impossible to wring the SldeS- For this reason_I usually

Not that 1 would advise any woman the waist as it would have been to rub buy the 40~inch sheeting for every-day

to be extravagant. In many homes it, so it was laid out at full size in a wear and overhand the seam as we

there is no money to buy new clothes piece of clean cheesecloth sufficiently used t0 d0, as then, when turned, n0

every time the styles change and these large t0 enfold it. The cheesecloth hem is required.”

women are deserving of all honor who was patted until it became quite wet

bravely wear the old. But in many from th absorbed moisture. A second

more are women so fond of the dollar piece 0f cheesecloth was used. Then

that they wear garments which are the garment was allowed to lie upon

not only out of style .but most unbe- this cloth on a table in the sunshine

coming, ‘simply because they are Still until it was 8.1111081; dry. It was then

serviceable. How much better for the pressed With quite a hot iron, for there

woman who can afford it, to give the must be no more rubbing than was

1910 models to less fortunate sisters necessary. with any kind of cloth. I have found

to cut over for the children and buy The WRiSt came out 1001(ng like that a tear or break in men’s suits can

clothes that are new and modish. new. A tablespoonful each of borax be darned most successfully with



Prate as we will about the curse of and sugar dissolved in the last rinsing threads drawn‘from the material. The

fashion, there isn’t a human being, water had given it just the right leg seams being straightway of the

male or female, who doesn’t secretly amount 0f stiffness. cloth, or nearly so, will afford some

admire new and unusual modes, nor long threads without in the least af~

who does not feel better able to cope fecting the garment. Draw these from

with any situation when well and suit- _ the inside of the trousers, close to the

ably clothed. Fashion may be a false BY ELLA E. nocmvoon. edge and when the garment has been

god, but it has been with us ever since Economies being the topic of the darned and pressed the break cannot

Eve introduced the first fall modes, day, each one of the members came be detected. Even the dreaded three-

and from all indications it is likely to with her favorite method ready to of- cornered hole yields to this way of

stay so long as the world lasts. The for it for the general good. In open- mending, and I frequently employ it on

best way, then, to deal with it is to ing the meeting the chairman express- gingham or fine percale. Clip off any

bow to a degree to its mandates and ed a wish for full and free discussion. upstanding ends after pressing. But,"

if we can’t afford the 1917 spring mod- “Economy,” she remarked, “stands for the speaker concluded, “This is not

els in the fall of 1916, at least shed the thrift, and many are the forms in what I brought for your consideration

shell of year before last. Paper pat-' which it may be demonstrated. Mere this afternoon. My pet economy is

terns may be bought for ten cents and doing without may not be economy at saving 'bread crumbs. This question

every newspaper and magazine shows all. Indeed, there is true economy of bread waste is a bugbear in many

prevailing styles. So there is no ex- more frequently in judicious expendi- families but not at our house. Flour

cuse for any but the'poor or the over— ture than in parsimony which merely is too expensive at present to permit

worked woman from keeping at least adds to the bank account. True econ- of waste, but saving the dry pieces,

in the rear of the procession. . omy may be defined as a wise and crusts and crumbs, has become a habit

And to hark back to the original ar- careful administration of means at with me. Aside from toast, fried

gument, many a divorce might be one’s disposal. Economy manages, fru- bread and an occasional pudding,

averted if the wife would take more gality saves, providence plans, while which really takes very little, as a

pains with her personal appearance. thrift at once earns and, saves with a good bread pudding consists of plenty

None of us have any respect for the view to wholesome and profitable ex- of other things and a small proportion





 





WASHING A LACE WAIST.





 





In following the first speaker, Mrs.

Strong expressed her thanks for “the

mending idea, which she proposed to

adopt in her own home. “By the way,”

she continued, “that suggestion about

using mending threads of the same

kind as the material to be repaired

can be carried out to good advantage





 





THE PASS-lT-ALONG CLUB.





 





 





husband who leaves a hard-working, penditure at a fitting time.” ' of bread, all our bread scraps are dried





I





Every reformer who has a pet evil and prefer it to the ugly, and the wife good material in the first place, and I ,





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





-‘M
cur.





 





 

 

 

 





 





O





@953, f p

grinds-rand Stated





" in milk.





th . , .

makes m for

as'e'in various ways. The children like

them crispediin the oven and served

1 use them for breeding veal

or croquettes, also for all kinds or scal-

lops where cracked crumbs are called

for. These crumbs are in fine shape,

too, for staffing fowls or a. roast. In

fact, we never have too many of them

on hand.” '





“There is one way of utilizing stale ’





bread which Mrs. Strong failed to

mention. It is using it in griddle

cakes, and that variety is a prime fav-

orite at our house," suggested Mrs.

Turner, as she took up the topic when

her name was called. “I soak the

bread in milk over night, sweet or

Sour as the case may be. Next morn-

ing beat an egg or two, add to the

bread and milk, beat thoroughly with

a little salt and flour to make a batter.

Use baking powder or soda as the

milk is sweet or sour.

call ior‘plenty of baking powder. Like

Mrs. Strong, however, my economy

suggestion for this afternoon was not

along this line. My pet economy in

summer when the gasoline stove is in

use, is saving fuel. When we first

bought it I used as much again gaso-

line for the same work as I do now. I

never boil 3. tea kettle full of .water

unless I' want to use it all. So much

waste fuel goes into boiling a lot of

water to get cold again. I measure the

amount I am going to use, allowing

some extra, but never a great deal

more than I am going to want. If I

am going to bake I plan to fill up the

oven with different things. It is waste-

ful to keep the fire going for an hour

or two for only one small dish. Fre-

quently I get an entire dinner in the

oven over one burner. By studying

this matter it is surprising what a. saw-

ing may be accomplished. I bought

one of the gasoline laundry irons last

summer and got such a lot of satisfac-

tion from it that I want to recommend

these labor-savers to the club. They

are perfectly safe and economical of

fuel. Ironing with one is a pleasure.

In fact, I would not exchange mine for

either an electric or gas iron as there

is no cord or tube in the way. Two or

three cents worth of gasoline will do

a large ironing and with scarcely any

additional heat in the room.”





“I feel almost ashamed to tell about

my pet economy,” hesitated Mrs.

Traves, in following the last speaker,

”because there has been a good deal

said against practicing it. However,

I will say that it is buying by mail. I

look at it this way: It is my privilege

to buy where I can get the most for

my money, the same as it is the home

merchant’s privilege to set his own

price on what he sells. By patroniz-

ing a reliable house I can save money

on ' about everything I need in the

home. Of course, I do not carry it to





this extreme but I do know that on





certain articles I save sometimes al-

most half. Here is one item. We sent

to a well known firm which advertises

in the Michigan Farmer, for some chil-

dren’s clothing. Among the items was

a pair of sandals for which our home

shoe store was asking $1.39. The list

price at the mail order house was 89

cents. When the sandals came they

proved to be exactly the same thing

as the others. The leather was the

same, the soles the same, even the

fasteners and the perforations on the

t0p were the same. We have come to

the conclusion that, regardless of sent-

iment about home industries, we are

going to buy where we can do so to

the best advantage.”



“We make a great saving," respond-

ed Mrs. Walters, when her name was

called, “by purchasing in quantity, but

we buy of our home merchant. We

buy flour and sugar by the barrel,

soap by the box, and all staple grocer-

ies by the case. We have figured out





a saving of from six to ten per cent,





and on some articles even more. I am

often called an to entertain guests un-

expectedly, like every farmer’s wife,

and I keep a supply of. certain ratio





 





Griddle cakes _





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





She will tell you that her Carbide-range has added

to her health and happiness by shortening her

kitchen hours and by making her cooking a much

simpler and easier task.



She will tell you that the range is a practical duplicate

of her city cousin’s gas range and that. she turns

the fire off and on with a twist of_ her wrist—saying

all the time and doing away With all the

and dirt connected with handling fuel and ashes.



he ill tell on that all these advantages are the



S biggest kindyoi a help towards keeping both herself

and her kitchen clean and cool during hot weather

months.



She will tell you that her carbide lights in every room

and out on the porch are the cleanest, whitest and

most beautiful lights in the world.



She will tell you too, that all these lights are equipped

with "friction igniters” to “light up" instantly with

the pull of a little ornamental brass wire rod. ,



She will tell you that the handsome bronze and brass

fixtures and the brilliancy of the light itself, has

doubled the attractiveness and beauty of her home.



You must ask, too, the man of the house about

Union Carbide itself—-



He will tell you that in, weight and bulk Union Carbide

is quite like coal——that he gets his supply at factory

prices, and that he gets it direct from the company's

warehouse in his district.



He will tell you that his Union Carbide comes in blue

and gray 22 inch~hlmdred pound “drums” (cans)

—easy to handle, easy to store. _



He will tell you that he keeps a six month’s or a year’s

wpplyonhand inacornexof his barnorshed.





 

 

 

 

 

 





‘ To Light Your House and Earn

‘ To Cook Your Meals





Ask the good woman who cooks on a carbide range and

lights her home with carbide lights-—



She will tell you that Union Carbide is doing more for

country home folks and country home life than any

discovery or invention of this age.





He will tell you that he, himself, not only comes in for

his share of the benefits of the range in the kitchen .

and the lights in the home but he has his own car- ‘” 4..-

bide lights throughout his barns and in the center of p 5‘?

the yard round about—big brilliant ball lights

operated the same as the house lights without





matches.





He will tell you also that the double benefits of both

lighting and cooking make Union Carbide by far

the most economical and desirable lighting and

cooking service for country homes.





And he will tell you that the best proof that this is all

so is the fact that he is only one of over 300,000

country home users to whom we now supply Union





Carbide in the little blue and gray drums.





Send this coupon for our handsome advertising book-

lets giving complete





illustrations.





information -— with man





Union Carbide Sales Company, Dept. l 7 "*





New York Cit!





42nd St. Building Peoples Gas Building





San Francisco. a].





Chicago, Ill.

Kohl Building





r—_—_—_—_-___—m—__





New York





Union Carbide Sales Company





Name. ........





Dephl"





Chicago San Francisco





Send me your advertising literature.





.......... OIIDDDIOOIOIIIO........





Adm o.cu.coeooo-oooIo-oooooocooocoooooon-uac





 





 





9_1_’c_1_ Dutch





quickly and thoroughly cuts

milk clots and scummy ac-

cumulations from milk pans

and pails—No greasy film

left on the article cleaned.





 





 





 





,. 5...: so DAYS m: mu,

' anw..-Wm.,amsm

" . for our big catalog and special oh.





 





 





HON EY send” ”1'





c

LANSING, MICK.





AGENTS wnmtn





to represent a reliable concern can-

vassing among farmers in you own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No exper

ience necessary. Liberal pay and

supplies furnished free to right part-

ies. Reference required. Address,





 





ADVEIIISEI. BABE lllE Ilfifllfill PM“.





Detroit, Michiga' n





 





When writing to advertisers

please mennon the Michi





 





gan Farmer.
superior quality.

That is why





\\





Nam





Idle talk and overstated claims are brushed

-aside by goods that possess real merit and





Lily White





“The Flour The Best Cooks Use”





has been leading for more than thirty years, and

why it will lead forthirty more.

Your bread and pastries Will be a delight to the





entire family when baked from Lily White Flour.





VALLEY CITY MILLING 00.,

Grand Rapids, Mich.





If you can’t, you don’t use Rumford

Baking Powder. It gives such splen-

did results that Prof. Allyn, Chemist of

Westfield Board of Health calls it “A

healthful, efficient and economical leav-

ening agent.” You can prove that this

is so, if you will sit right down and—





Write for/ FREE Trial Size Can of





Random!

ChemicalWorks

Dept. 36

Providence. R. l.

Please send me .

5 oz. Trial Carl:

F





THE WHOLESOME





 

 





 

   

   

   

 

 

   

   

 





 

 

 

 





 

 





   





   

 

 

 

 

 





o





 

 





Can you Bake

Cake Like This?





 





 

 

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 





   





 





Street. -_





BAKING





 





 





City





 





 





0 6'7 8-16





 





(Publication) .................................





POWDER





 





"ties-ct caunsdsoodilvcfi than, . . _ - .

an emergency. We get tunarfish and





   

   





   





   

   

   

 

 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   





'Every home without sewer-

age needs one. .Most con- ,

venient. meritorious home

necessity in a. century. A boon

to sick people. Can be placed

anywhere in house.





Makes Outdoor Privy





.1) Unnecessary

Puts warm Comfort Toilet In ,

our home, a guarantee of j: V

healthy, sanitary conditions. \ ,_ 4.; .

Germ-life killed by chemicals ~ .. .__ .. v- ,;

in retort. Emptied once a





h attention. Boards or

fieafilth endorse it. Write now for literature. i

prices, etc. Agents WuuchluiB Min 308! V 1‘





«modem—J);

"ROUGH 0N HIT "”ht‘flda’i'f.‘ as”





Do

Unbeatable Exterminator. End: Pnirie Dogs, Gophers.

Ground Hogs. Chipmunks. Weasels, Squirrels, Qrows.

Hawks, etc. The Recognized Standard Exterminator

at DrugdzCountx-y Stores. Economy Sizes 25c. 60c.

Small 15c. Used the World Over Used by U. S. Gov’t.

Rough on Ron Never Falls. Refuse ALL Substitutes.





WEAR YOUR OWN WOOL





lave itlmadc up by the only complete custom and mail

order woolen mill in michigan. Write for prices today.

REED CITY WOOLEN MILLS.

Reed City. Osceola Co. Mich.





When Writing to Advertisers Please

Hention The Michigan Farmer.





 

   

   





   

   

   

 





 

 

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





For rough chapped hands, and

broken blisters; for piles and

hemorrhoids; for burns, cuts

and all irritations of the skin





use.





'rgnxuisu‘wksem



xPetréleurn Jelly

Put up in hund‘,v glass bottles: at dru‘

and general stores everywhere.

Illustrated booklet describing all the

"Vaseline" Products mailed free on

requests together with "Vaseline"

Poster temps. ‘

CHESEBROUGH MFG. CO.



( Conaolidoted)

33 State Street. New York City





 





 





 





 





eady for





 





salmon by the dozen cans. They‘keep

indefinitely. Certain other staples, like

rice and beans, we buy in quantities.

Baking powder, if kept sealed, does

not deteriorate, nor does tapioca} spag-

gheti and macaroni, of which latter

we use a great deal. Our saving by

this method figures up to a goodly sum

in the course of a year. Besides that

there is not the annoyance of bringing

home small quantities and . running

out every little while. We get kero-

sene and gasoline by the barrel also,

and store it in galvanized iron tanks

away from any building.”





The concluding suggestion was from

the hostess, who said: “Last summer

when eggs were cheap I went to our

druggist and bought some sodium sili.

cate. I mixed it with ten times the

amount of boiled (not boiling) water,

clean and cold. I planned to preserve

the eggs until cold weather as I knew

the formula was reliable. I gathered

the eggs faithfully while perfectly

fresh, discarding any that were doubt-

ful. I‘ placed them carefully in stone

cracks of three-gallon capacity and

covered them with the solution. I set

them in the cellar and watched from

time to time to see if the liquid cov-

ered them completely as more or less

evaporation will take place. I kept

the jars full so the eggs were always

covered. A three-gallon crock will hold

120 eggs.”



The meeting closed and was voted

by the members the best they had yet





’ held.





 





ROOT BEER AND OTHER NEAR-

BEERS.





 





BY L. K. HIRSHBERG.



When facts are presented to show

that beer has one and two per cent

of alcohol in it, often more, the dear,

good public hates to remember it.

Hardly does my typewriter cease writ-

ing an article against alcoholic liq.

uors, before inquiries reach me, and

say, “But, doctor, you’ll allow me to

have one or two glasses of beer, will

you not?”



To which I must perforce reply, too

tired to repeat the explanation, “I will

not!” \



But worse is yet to come, if the

pharmaceutical researches of Dr. Chas.

H. La Wall are correct as presented

before the June meeting of the Ameri-

can Pharmaceutical Association. He

points out that it is a fact well known

to biologists and chemists that when‘

ever yeast is added to anything with





dough, the yeast begins to grow, there-

by making alcohol as well as gas

bubbles.



If the material is a liquid instead of

dough, the carbonic acid gas escapes

as bubbles which effervesce. Effer-

vescence, fermentation and boiling are

all the same. It is the liberation of

gas whether it is air or some other

gas.



The alcohol simultaneously produc-

ed in effervescence, or fermentation,

may itself escape to a small extent by

evaporation. As a rule, however,

enough of it remains to be measured,

indicted and found guilty.





When mother makes breadwatt'me

alcohol can be found in the freshly

baked loaf. As soon as the loaf is cut

it begins _to escape, which perhaps ex-

plains why you and I and some others

prefer the ends of the uncut loaf and

dislike stale bread without even a

trace of its presence. Even the unfer-

mented grape juice of the market

nearly always contains small amounts

of alcohol, from half of one-tenth per

cent to half a per cent. The best bot-

tled grape juice has almost none in it.

Let it be said, to the confusion of local

optionists, prohibitionists, and others

who try to force people away from a1-

cohol, that it is very difficult in this

vale of tears to get away from al-

cohol. A rotten apple, a specked peach,

over-ripe, juicy fruit of almost any sort





 





 





 





sugars and sweets in it and kept warm '

q and moist as mother does the bread





is, user 0 ,_ . .am. . .

Vinegar often " has 'in it more than. beer

Ahas. Cannedfruit, preserves and nu-

merous other products often have

more than one per cent of it-



It was the evident “over-seas” effect

of root beer upon a person who drank

a glass of it, which led Professor La.

Wall to conclude that properly carried

forth researches would show, that

home-brewed root beer has more al-

cohol in it than is commonly supposed.

Accordingly he made his investiga-

tions to find out the truth. Root beer

over a week old was found to contain

from one to nearly two per cent of

alcohol. If it was allowed to stand for

three hours before it was bottled, still

more alcohol was discovered in it.

Since koumiss, which is made from

milk fermented under similar condi-n

tions, sometimes contains over two

per cent of alcohol, it is high time that

these two “temperance drinks” come

under the same category as the aver-

age beer with its four per cent alcohol.

Three glasses of root beer or kozak,





koumiss, zakol and other fermented.





milks are more intoxicating than one

glass of beer.





 





TAKE CARE OF THE WINDOW

SCREENS.





 





MR8. E. o. sworn.



As our home is quite large and con-

tains a great many windows it is nec-

essary to have a large number of

screens in use during the summer.

Some of the screens are larger than

others, and the windows are not all

the same width, so in putting them

away for the winter it was necessary

to think up some plan so that when

wanted again, I would know just which

screen belonged to a particular win-

dow. In removing the screens from

the windows and doors, I used a small

note book and gave each window a

number. Each screen fitting that par.

ticular window was given the same

number. These numbers were written

on a plain piece of paper and pasted

on each screen. All windows down

stairs were numbered in order first,

then we finished by numbering all of

those up stairs. Perhaps this method

of mine is not anything new, but it

will be found very handy and save a

lot of trouble when ready to put the

screens back into the windows next

year.



The screens are dusted thoroughly

and put in a place out of the way for

the winter, being careful that they are

put somewhere that is dry so they will

not rust.



In case the screening has become

rusty and has holes in places, it will

be a good thing to make a note of such

defects and when time comes around

to use the screens again it will pay to

put in new screening.



Another thing of importance is the

painting of the frames to preserve the

wood. Where small screens are in

use we usually apply a walnut or oak

stain and brighten them up each year

with a little varnish. Screens properly

cared for will last many years.





 





SOME FlRELESS COOKER

RECIPES.





 





Beef Roll.



Procure a cheap piece of lean, flank

beef,'weighing three or four pounds.

Spread with a small quantity of poulr

try stuffing well seasoned with onion,

sage, and salt. Roll the piece of beef

and fasten tightly with skewers or tie

with clean twine. Roll in flour and

sear all over in hot fat. Do this in

the fireless cooker container in which

it is to be cooked. Add one cup of

boiling water and cover it tightly.

Boil for. five minutes, transfer to the

fireless cooker nest and cover tightly.

If there is a hot plate in the nest, the

meat will be done in three and a half

hours. If there is not, remove the ket-

tie at the end of three hours, and heat

for ten minutes on the stove. Return

for two hours. It will now be tender‘

and nicely seasoned. It may be serv-





 





 





ouh s: H'





 





 





 

 

 





 





‘ M asap-c .





 





 





l

!
, \.fi “9.: .





 





 





‘yolw at the buck. ‘





. Economical Beef Stew.

Take three pounds of tough beef out

from the soup shank. Trim into one-

inch pieces and roll the pieces in

flour. Sear all over in hot fat in the

cooker kettle. Add one quart of boils-

ing water, one sliced onion, a bay leaf,

two stalks of celery diced, one-half. a

green pepper, salt and pepper. Cook

on the stove five minutes. Transfer to

the cooker nest. After three hours

more, the stew will be tender and de-

licious. If a commercial cooker isused

it will be ready to eat much sooner, as

the hot radiators hasten the process.

Steamed Pudding.



Melt one-fourth cup of butter, add

one-half cup of molasses, one well

beaten egg, and one-half cup sweet

milk. Mix one-half teaspoonful baking

powder, one-halt teaspoonful soda, one

teaspoon of salt, one cup seeded rais-

ins, one and one-half cups graham

flour. Mix the dry ingredients thor-

oughly and add slowly to the liquid

mixture. Pour into a well-greased

mold not filling over two-thirds full. ,

Place the mold on a small rack, such

as a perforated coffee can top, in the

cooker kettle. Pour warm water

around the pudding mold, allowing it

to come within a couple of inc-hes of

the top. Bring the water to the boil-





ing point and boil briskly for 35 min-‘





utes. Place the pudding in the cooker,

tightly cover for five or six hours.

Serve with foamy or lemon sauce, or

whipped cream.

Pineapple Tapioca.

Soak one-half cup pearl tapioca for

an hour or more. Place in the cooker

kettle with one quart water. Bring to

the boiling point. Add two cups of

diced pineapple, three-fourths cup of

sugar, a few grains of salt, and two

tablespoons of butter. Bring once

more to the boiling point and remove

to the cooker nest. Leave in the cook—

er one hour and a half. Remove, turn

into a mold, and chill thoroughly.

Serve with whipped cream.





 





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





 





Our latest Fashion Book, containing

illustrations of over 1,000 designs of

ladies', misses’ and children’s gar-

ments in current fashions, also newest

embroidery designs, and articles which

give valuable hints to the home dress~

maker, will be sent to any address up-

on receipt of ten cents.





 





‘ No. 8124~Ladies’ Shirt Waist. -Cut

in sizes 36 to 44 inches, bust measure.

The waist has fulHength sleeves gath-

ered into bands.



No. 8032—Gir1s’ Dress. Cut in sizes

6. 8, 10 and 12 years. The dress close

es at the front and'has a three-gt“!

gathered skirt. - '



No. 8029—Ladies’ Dress. Cut in six»

cs 36 to '42 inches, bust measure. The





. cool‘andlslio-f;





 





 





Have Your Own





 





Electric Light Plant





Let your gas engine furnish electric lights for your house and barns

while it is doing other work. Just run a belt from the engine to a





f/i A%%’¢///Mfl





   





 





 





I hacker: experi-

Mcnting for many

Icon to produce a

reliable storage

battery for use in con-

.nection with the light-

me 0” country houses





 

 





. MARK. .





 

 

 





the public until I knew

it would give satisfaction.





Edison Batteries demand no care; do not get

out of order and can be charged at any time.

Hundreds of farm homes are equipped with Edison





What Owners Say:

“’ ” given perfect satisfac-





tron. ' W. W. Sande-Ir.

DeKaIb, Texas





”Never a night when the

light was not good.”

J. S. Lock-wood,

T orresdate, Pa.





"Costs as near nothing

to Operate as any-

thing could.



Potosi M £11 67’

Elevator Co.





they are.





Send for Mr. Edison’s Book





It tells you all about this

wonderful system. Just fill in

0 the coupon and mail today,





EDISON STORAGE

BATTERY COMPANY





237 Lakeside Ave.,0range, N J.





 

 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





""" or 2025 Michigan Am,

hicago %





a

W

/W

2%





'I on “was. “\W“

Ill‘ HIB «‘3





Let-p5 Send .

11115 Great

Stove Book





FREE no.





 





Will 3%.;

................. .. Electric Light Plant





Store up enough electricity to furnish light for several nights.

Mr. Edison worked days and nights for years



K to make the Edison Storage Battery absolutely

aw reliable. He succeeded. Read what he says.





Batteries. Read in our booklet. how well'satisfied '





///

%





/ am-





 

 





' élhé‘BESTIIGflT





   





W





   

   

   

 

   

   

 





Battery Co.

Orange, N. J.





Please send meat



once hlr. Edison’s



~ .. - Book X on Electric

/ Light. Plants.





0 /* ,

/ Name-M

é/Addreen ______





Stu-k this Coupon on a Post Card and mail My





M





2.

ill” Positively the dieapcctnndatrongest ligbton will.

; Used In every country on the globe. Makes Ind

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- p m. AGENTS WANTEDEVEBYWHERE.



THE BEST LIGHT CO.





memmmmm.)





burns It: own gas.





 





 





 





 





   





, Get a _ High-anal Kalamazoo at

Wholesd It,





I .

e Price Find out what you can save

’ on a Kalamazoo. Over

33,000 satisfied owners recommend Kalamazoo quality,

and say that no one can attempt to match our prices. Get our cat— .

aloe and see why we can lead them all on big value at a low

price—quick servxcc and give you your choice of





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g :tamgnuiamglmgatshfiiéeggygamént prices, ways’ trial,

y 8W , 0nd uarantee. 0 pa

and m 24 y





W't td . f

I “”3 tie oay Ask or





mm 810% COMPANY .

my. moo. IICHIGAN





   





 

 

 

 

   

   

   

 





 

 

   





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





CASEOI'CIENI A Kolomom WePay

30 ”film ‘5 ' Direct to You





     

 





 





 





F ircprool, weatherprf, strong, rigid, durable—specially

adapted to the construction of farm buildings. Formed from

APOLLO-KEYSTONE Copper Steel Galvanized Sheets.





APOLLO-Knxsrromn Sheets are the most satisfactory rust- resistant sheets obtainable for R001-

ing, Siding. Culverts, Tanks. Silos? Oisterns and all exposed sheet metal work. Look fortho

Keystone added below regular Apo lo brand—it indicates that Ke stone Copper Steel is used.

Demand the genuine—accept: no substitute. Sold by weight by Do in; dealers. Our treebook-

let “Better Buildings” contains building plans and valuable information. Send for copy today.





mm SHEET” “I FLAT! WIPE", Erick Bidding, ”than, Pa.





£93199; Closet 'I was FRE E?





. Tony in your own home so days free ."0 matter where

. . It b

,3 More Comfortable,





 





 





 





 





you live. Show your lriendc. . uk not: an

pence if you do not want to keep It. Hundreds of thou-t





   





 

 

 

 





sends in dail use. Perfect beta-s eflaent hate m



: l . of high gradg material, beautifully finished mafia. de‘

Henkih , Cu'm .. . wn§gamgeedtor yemby :



Eliminates the out- door our wolflhon Dbllar Bond.





 





’ All: nip! getzkm tovsvbow

on most . '

{crow Hg: was rite





l ,1

i

[it





‘ Hum ‘





 





The Farmer: Wile 750,000 3.00





 





BEST FOR THE READER

Tnznnronn





BEST FOR THE ADVERTISER





Michigan Farmer, ]

moon Inch.

(Meme per line.) Guaranteed Rate Per

Ohio I‘m“, Circulation Agate Line

omens. ohm, 270.000 81.17

(Ramon per-line)

Pennsylvania Farmer

Windmills. It.

Rate 30¢: per line.)

Indiana. Farmer,

Indianapolis, Ind.

The ProgresslVe

runner

mmm— h

I Ram:

Breeder's Gazette, 90.000 .60

6115683an

Prairie Farmer 100,000 .50

Gillette.

loerd’s Dairyman. 67,820 45

nmwu.

Wisconsin Agri-

cultnrlst, 63,454 .30

W.Wls.

The Farmer,

3. but. In.





57,101 .25





174,121 .80





140,855 .60





St Paul. lion.

women I‘m, 80,000 .40

Du Mos. la. .

hdfielunl Press 22,000 .16

:- Pnnduo, Gel.





 





o a. I

El photo-lupin. describe-g





   





eat of men



Wt. abet item,

“plum. on free trial.

Send. m th





 

 

 





 

 





: address





consumed

tarantula...“





 





 





When uniting to advertiser please trunnion





 





dressis'wtinmepieeeandhasa





 

 





 





1,815,351 $8.23





These publications are conceded to bathe



authoritative farm papers of their individual



fields. For further information address



W GEORGE Vtflflfikgffl’l‘. be.



eaten Re xenon V6. venm' ' B ..



p CHICAGO. ILL. 108



WALLABCB C. ltmughllbsobl. Inf.



Eastern 3 n I 8.381 Fourth vc.

rim YORK CITY.





 





 





 





 





The Michigan Farmer.
«Southern

Cal-forni-





I





Spend two weeks in seeing

California farms and



San Diego Exposition; also

Salt River Valley, Arizona.





This tour is especially for rural

folks and others interested. We want

you to see these sections of the Santa

Fe Southwest and talk to those who

live there about the greater produc—

tion per acre the balmy. healthful

climate, the year— —round growing sea-

son., You will visit many communi-

ties in Salt River Valley. Southern

California and San Joaquin Valley.

You will be taken on auto trips to

see their farms, orchards and homes.

We have no land to sell. We want

you to see and know for yourself.



Let us tell you at what reasonable cost this

trip will be made. Our party will live on

special cars most of the time, thus saving hotel





bills. Go with us on the Santa Fe and return

Santa Fe or any direct route.





This party will leave Chicago November 9.

reach San Francisco about November 25, and

return from there at your pleasure within nine

months, which enables you to spend the winter

in California, if desired. You' 11 see rural Cal-

ifornia“ as you could see it in no other way.

You’ll see the San Diego Exposition. Also

you ’11 see the Grand Canyon of Arizona.





Ask any of your neighbors who went on

last year’s Santa Fe Farmers’ Special about

the good time they had.



Make reservations promptly, to insure get-

ting space on this train. Write me to- day for

itineraiy and rates.





C. L. Seagraves, Industrial Commissioner

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. .,

2264 Railway Exchange, Chicago





wwwm sir.





NO. 8 SlzREADER





 





 

   

 





“THESE IMPROVEMENTS .

They meanA £311: every Galloway Spreader l5 BUILT

, iii Wraith smug. unmitilmtfins: a.

teeth longer and atr anger than ever which means





in. mvmcmm IRRESIBT—

an EXCLUSIVE LEGALLOWAY





-D

mu ke or kind

0 t bl y'tluopm. Mfg-L

ou U l 1 ID

way. Thirty daya' field trial and retugnablg (£0338

Eggpotpeegsectl ufisfacto1y.l{emember we ma uf -





 





h

0 allowayigprficxa‘deu all

the





Spreader more invincibcllem



field work. rsome ,

- was or 1136- orse temiiu needed to

' .nndleaGallowa . Two avera eehoraeacan





thth 11

mm e a mail «1° an; of odds 1917

Ask for my



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mpleto

model spreader-ml now tea

. am 250-PAGEACATALOG. also my FALL An-

ostal get-

“WOW“ “Bras WM. suii'hmv 00.

no Salami strum" Waterloo. Iowa





 





 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 





 





weigh

“like. 4





\'





BY 0“ IAN. lt’l me 01" THE WOODS. Save: money Ind

- backache. Send for FILER catalog No. B “showing low price

and latest improvements. First order gets agency.





hm Sawing Machine 00.. 161 Vlost “artisan St. ChicagoJll.

STE EL.





gm: S TUMP PU LLERS

<~. - ‘ wl-t. losses... swerulrmt

[r ‘ Influx chute WI: cue-m IapHsJI.





 





 

 

 





 

   





 





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'LLHIHJHHllHHHllliilllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllHilllllIIllill"III|lllllllIII"IllllllllIIllllllllllllllmllllllllIllll





Curing Meats





URING meats with brine





in a barrel and pour brine over it

than to go over it three or four times

and rub in salt, as in the dry-curing

method. The brine also protects the

meat from insects and vermin. Brine

made of pure water and according to

the directions in the following recipes

should keep a reasonable length of

time. During warm weather, however,

brine should be watched closely, and

if it becomes “ropy,” like syrup, it

should be boiled or new brine made.

A cool, moist cellar is the best place

for brine curing.





Pure water, salt, sugar or molasses,

and saltpeter are all the ingredients

needed for the ordinary curing of

meat. The meat may be packed in

large earthen jars or a clean hard-

wood barrel. The barrel or jar may

be used repeatedly unless meat has

spoiled in it. It should be scalded out

thoroughly, however, each time before

fresh meat is‘packed.





Curing should begin as soon as the

meat is cooled and while it is still

fresh. Ordinarily 24 to 36 hours after

slaughter are sufficient for cooling.

Frozen meat should not be salted, as

the frost prevents proper penetration

of the salt and uneven curing results.





Corned Beef.





The pieces commonly used for corn-

ing are the plate, rump, cross ribs, and

brisket, or, in other words, the cheap-

er cuts of meat. The loin, ribs, and

other fancy cuts are more often used

fresh. The pieces for coming should

be cut into convenient-sized joints, say

five or six inches square. It should be

the aim to cut them all about the same

thickness so that they will make an

even layer in the barrel.





Meat from fat animals makes choic-

er corned beef than that from poor an-

imals. When the meat is cooled thor-

oughly it should be corned as soon as

possible, as any decay in the meat is

likely to spoil the brine during the

coming process. Under' no circum-

cumstances should the meat be brined

while it is frozen. Weigh out the meat

and allow eight pounds of salt to each

100 pounds; sprinkle a layer of salt

one-quarter of an inch in depth over

the bottom of the barrel; pack in as

closely as possible the cuts of meat,

making a layer five or six inches in

thickness; then put on a layer of salt,

following that with another layer of

meat; repeat until the meat and salt

have all been packed in the barrel,

care being used to reserve salt enough

for a good layer over the top. After

the package has stood overnight add,

for every 100 pounds of meat, four

pounds of sugar, and four ounces of

saltpeter dissolved in a gallon of tepid

water. Three gallons more of water

should be sufficient to cover this quan-

tity. In case more or less than 100

pounds of meat is to be corned, make

the brine in the proportion given. , A

loose board cover, weighted down with

a heavy stone or piece of iron, should

be put on the meat to keep all of it

under the brine. In case any should

project, rust would start and the brine

would spoil in a short time.





It is not necessary to boil the brine

except in warm weather. If the meat

has been corned during the winter and

must be kept into the summer season,

it would be well' to watch the brine

closely during the spring, as it is more

likely to spoil at that time than at any

other season. If the brine appears to

be ropy or does not drip freely from

the finger when immersed and lifted it

should be turned off and new, brine ad-

ded after carefully washing the meat.





 





 





 





 





EmulllmllfllflllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllfllllIlllllllillllllllflllllllllIllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIWMWMIWINWWMWllllllllllllllllll





Farm Commerce.





is a

good method for farm use. It

is less trouble to pack the meat





 





Illllllllllllllllllllilllll





lllllllIllllllllllllllHillllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHIHIIIHHIllIllilIllIllllillIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflj





for Home Use





The sugar or molasses in the brine

has a tendency to ferment, and unless

the brine is kept in a cool place, there

is sometimes trouble from this source.

The meat should be kept in the brine

28 to 40 days to secure thorough

coming.





Dried Beef.



The round commonly is used for

dried beef, the inside of the thigh be—

ing considered the choicest piece, as it

is slightly more tender than the out-

side of theround. The round should

be cut lengthwise of the grain of the

meat in preparing for dried beef, so

that the muscle fibers may be cut

crosswise when the dried beef is sliced

for table use. A tight jar or crock is

necessary for curing. The process is

as follows: To each 100 pounds of

meat weight out five pounds of salt,

three pounds of granulated suga1, and

two pounds of saltpeter; mix thorough-

ly together. Rub the meat on all sur-

faces with a third of the mixture and

pack it in the jar as tightly as possi-

ble. Allow it to remain three days,

when they should be removed and rub—

bed again with another third of the

mixture. In repacking, put at the bot-

tom the pieces that were on top the

first time. Let stand for three days,

when they should be removed and rub-

bed with the remaining third of the

mixture and allowed to stand for three

.days more. The meat is then ready to

be removed from the pickle. The liq-

uid forming in the jars should not be

removed, but the meat should be re-

packed in the liquid each time. After

being removed from the pickle the





dry attic or near the kitchen flre

where the water will evaporate from

it. It may be used at any time after

smoking, although the longer it hangs

in the dry atmosphere the drier it will

get. The drier the climate, in general,

the more easily meats can be dried. In

arid regions good dried meat can be

made by exposing it fresh to the air,

with protection from flies. '





Plain Salt Pork.



Rub each piece of meat with fine

common salt and pack closely in a

barrel. Let stand overnight. The next

day weigh out LO pounds of salt and

two ounces of saltpeter to each 100

pounds of meat and dissolve in four

gallons of boiling water. Pour this

brine over the meat when cold, cover

and weight down to keep it under the

brine. Meat will pack best if cut into

pieces about six inches square. The

pork should be kept in the brine until

used.





Sugar-cured Hams and Bacon.



When the meat is cooled, rub each

piece with salt and allow it to drain

over night. Then pack it in a barrel

with the hams and shoulders in the

bottom, using the strips of bacon to

fill in between or to put on top. Weigh

out for each 100 pounds of meat eight

pounds of salt, two pounds of brown

sugar, and two ounces of saltpeter.

Dissolve all in four gallons of water,

and cover the meat with the brine. For

summer use it will be safest to boil

the brine before using. In that case it

should be cooled thoroughly before it

is used. For winter curing it is not

necessary to boil the brine. Bacon

strips should remain in this brine four

to six weeks; hams six to eight weeks.

This is a standard recipe and has giv-

en the best of satisfaction. Hams and

bacon cured in the spring will keep

right through the summer after they

are smoked. The meat will be sweet

and palatable if smoked properly, and

the flavor will be good.





lllllllHHIIHIIHHHIIHIHIHIHill!lHllHHIHHHHH HummulmummmIzmnmmmmummunmmmmuImmmmuunmumuumumuunnmnunmmunmummlmuuIImmmumrmumummmmmm

Capitalizing a Natural Advantage





 





ERE is a type of gasoline power

H boat used on Kalamazoo river



to gather fruits from the adjoin‘

ing farms. This boat, when loaded

from its deck to its canopy with all

kinds of marketable fruit, runs to deep

water, transfers its cargo to a huge

lake liner. The fruit is hauled direct





HIHHHHIHlll|llHIII|IIllllllHIHHHHIHHHIHIHHHIIIHIHIIHHIIIHIIIIIlll|IIHHIIIHHHHIHIIHIHIIHIIIIIIIIIHII





from the farm packing house to the

boat. landing. It saves the farmer the

work and time of driving five, eight

and ten miles over a dusty road. The

fruit is billed from the river landing,

the carriers dividing the charges on

shipments from orchard to market.



J. L. GRAFF.





|IHHHH|l|lllllllllllllllIllHI]llHIlllllllllll”HlIIIIIH[IlHIIIIIIIIIIHHIIHIIHIHlilllll”HIllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Advertising Farm Crops I.





By I. J. MATTHEWS





N advertisement is the connect-



ing link between a producer and



a consumer, and many farm pro-

ducts go back into the ground for the

lack of this link. In order to “cash

in” on the work already done by our

experiment stations and agricultural

colleges in increasing the output of the

average American acre, farm products

must be advetrised.



Advertisements must do the first

two, and may do all the following four

things: First, they must attract the

attention of the reader; second, they

must interest the reader; third, they





 





should convince him that the adven-

tised article is what he has been look-

ing for, and, fourth, the successful ad-





vertisement ought to move the pros





pective customer to action and cause

him to mail his order. In these re-

spects, farm advertising is not diflfer-

ent from other advertising but be:

cause the average farm cannot supply

products the year around and because

these articles cannot be supplied in

quantities, the methods of advertising

farm products must be somewhat dif-

feerntsthan those employed in dispos-

ing" of manufactured commodities such





meat should be smoked and hung in a





.. y.





   





a‘, News HEM‘





{whammy





 





 





 





 

 





‘ MM sumo: s .
‘,,M -1-I.O ..





. “my“? 3.5. i fir"





 





 





 





throughout inseam-arm and in

whose manufacture the supply can

quite easily be increased to meet a

growing demand.



Despite the fact that the farming

business yields so few crops that are

capable of continuous publicity, the

actual - make-up of such advertising

copy does not vary materially from

that employed in selling other articles

from chewing gum. to automobiles.

Legitimate methods of selling farm-

produced commodities are in some use

of periodicals, bill-boards, letter~heads,

calling cards and trademarks.



Probably the chief reason why farm

products have been largely unadver—

tised except in a farmer-todealer, or

farmento—customer way, is because

the'farmer has produced such a small

quantity of any given product that he

has not seen the necessity of building

up a confidence in‘ and desire for his

wares. In apples, the farmer having

only a small orchard knows that he

will never have more than three or

four hundred bushels of apples to dis

pose of and hence he has seen fit to

indulge in “stovepipe” packs and other

practices bent on deceiving the buyer

so that the apples might command a

higher price than they merited. Farm-

ers are only beginning to learn that

trade is built, on confidence and that

the sales of twenty years from now

are dependent upon the quality of the

goods delivered this year. When this

knowledge becomes common property

and each farmer specializes in dairy

cattle, market eggs, beef cattle, ap-

ples, seed corn or some other special

line of agriculture, then and not until

then will it pay to advertise the farm

business. Advertising must always be

preceded by the production of a com-

modity that will bear publicity and

scrutiny. That done, selling is next in

order.





ll||lllllllIIII!Hill|IllHHIIHWIIIHHIIHIIll|iIlHi!IllmIlllmmIIfIlIN![1HllIIllHllll!HHHI|mmmIliHiHlHllIINMMWMHHWNHHIIHHHHHHHHIIHHIm”HMINI"!HUIIHHINHIIHIIIIHIIHIIHIIHIHIHH





The Bean Situation In the State





HE recent action by bean grow‘



ers in recommending a $5 mini-



mum basis for October beans

has aroused the men who buy, and

particularly the ones who speculate in

beans. They declare that the price is

impossible and foolish and that grow-

ers are killing the goose that lays gol-

den eggs so far as Michigan white pea

beans are concerned. The jobbers just

now (September 25), are quoting on

a $4 basis as an average in the state,

making a difference of $1 between

jobber and grower.



Great differences of opinion still eX<

ist between buyer and seller.as to

what the Michigan bean crop will

amount to. Frosts have come but the

jobbers maintain that no damage to

speak of was done. No threshing ex-

cept odd jobs has been done, so the

market for the new crop has not fairly

opened. Jobbers claim that there are

still 150 cars of old beans in Michigan,

that they can get California beans laid

down here for much less than the min-

imum price as fixed by the Michigan

growers, and that the beans of other

western states will be available.



Bean growers have showed no signs

of fright as yet. A big noise was made

last year when growers set the price

at $3 but the jobbers who cleaned up

later at $6 and $7 have forgotten this.



“We expect the growers will assist-

in keeping the price Where the state

association decided it ought’ to be,”

says the Montcalm County Growers’

Association. “We have nothing to say

against the bean jobbers. Most of

them are gentlemen and, of course, it

is rather annoying to them to have

these growers getting together; as

they have this year and last, to have

something to say about What their pro-

duct ought to be worth. It is some-

thing the jobbers have not been used

to. It does not leave much chance for

speculation) but they‘will have to get

used to it, for the growers’ associa-

tion has come to stay.” ‘



President A. B. Cook of the State





and the brotherhoqu which stipulate





and under what conditions they shall

work, and how long. Then there is

all

agreements,’

associations, federations and combinaa

tions of every name and nature, the

one and sole object of which is the

boosting of prices as high as the traf-

fic will bear.





difierent

than all the rest?

‘farmers’ trust’ is not without its de-

cidediy humorous aspect when we be-

hold its origin in sources that have

been ‘price fixers’ these many years.

What is sauce for the goose surely





1 .. Hmomerwm I





resulting from the act of the federal

Department of Agriculture in recom-





mending such systems, the dairyman '





who sells milk and its products, the

poultryman selling eggs and various

poultry by-products and the orchardist

are practically the only types of farm-

ers that can use the continuous. maga-

zine or periodical advertisement prof—

itably. Breeders of different types of

cattle, breeds of draft horses, sheep

etc., can use some form of periodical

advertising but it must be in a class

periodical; in other words, it surely

pays these men to advertise in a peri:

odical that regularly goes to the farm-

ing class because this class wants

what these men have to offer.



The monthly magazines have not

been used, except in a very limited

way, for any farm products publicity

propaganda. It is possible to use

space in these magazines to call atten.

tion to deserving products, but the

article must, of necessity, be first-class

and high-grade in every respect before

such publicity would be at all war-

ranted. The reason for this lies in the

fact that the advertising rates of such

publications are high and the number

of readers who would likely be buyers

of the advertised product are small.

Such food materials as fruits, honey,

eggs, and dairy products might be ad-

vertised through this medium, but be-

fore such a policy were carried out, a

supply of very choice goods must

needs be in sight to make quantity of

sales an object.



Before advertising of farm-raised

food products becomes general, buyers

must purchase in larger quantities,

there must be definite quality stan-

dards set and C. 0. D. and credit sys-

tems must be improved.



(This is the first of a series of five

articles on the above general theme).





Growers’ Association, says there is

much sentiment in favor of establish-

ing co—operative elevators or storage

places for farmers who feel that they

must market their crop soon. Banks

would accept warehouse certificates

and advance the cash (in same, which

would put farmers in position to hold

their crop for the higher market. Mr.

Cook hopes, however, that business

may be done with the jobber on terms

fair to both parties.



Newspapers of the state do not

seem disposed to criticize the growers

and the Pontiac Press Gazette, in an

editorial which has been widely copied

by other papers, says in part: “It oc-

curs to us that it is quite as fair for

the farmers of Michigan to pool their

issues as represented by the bean

crop, as it is for that vast horde of

others who sell to the farmers and

who do not hesitate to ‘fix prices.’

There are the railroads which main-

tain a uniform freight and passenger





 





-. Dividends of

real tobacco

happiness for

you, via





.,1 , 5"“

I 1.» . ,





IRON TAIL.

the dishhfuishod Indian, who”

face adorns the Bufalo nickel,

one of the star. attractions, until

his death, with' 101 Ranch" and



“Bufi‘alo Bill's Wild West"

shows combined. _





why it hits the cheer-up spot





You

Albert





‘ '11?le

“1 II ‘

Ill“I IIHILJ “NE“





11" g.





flavor,





 





Copyright 1913 by

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co





Just does pour in the smokesunshine,

fussiest taste and tenderest tongue!





 

   

 





 

 

 





the national joy smoke





Prince Albert has always

been sold without coupons

or premiums. Quality is

its standard. And, my,

how the multitudes of

smokers have approved of

it, too! Prince Albert



. stands clear-as-a-whistle

above state or national re-

strictions on the use of

coumns or premiums. We

have always preferred to

hand smokers quality!





You should know the

merits of Prince Albert,

for it makes you jimmy-

pipe joy’us! Prince Albert

is manufactured by a pat.

ented process that cuts out

bite and patch. That's

in your system, sunrise-to—tapsl

it’s so chummy to the





put a pipe on the job with Prince

for “packing" and find out for





yourself that P. A. will beat your fondest

expectations of tobacco enjoyment {of





fragrance and coolness !





Buy Prince Albert everywhere tobacco in cold

in toppy red bags, 5c; tidy red tine. 10c;

handsome pound and half-pound tin Ilulnidors

and in that clover pound crystal-glass hum-'60?

with ame-moistcner top that have HI. 1.-





hand $1,: 5





“ 31111111111111.1111111





 





‘acco in such fine condition.





R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO C0;





Winston-Salem, N. C





 





 





Has Been Continuously Making





WAGONS—BUGGIES—HARNFSS





for Every Farm Use Since I 852

SEE THE STUDEBAKER DEALER





 





 





 





rate, due to pools and agreements.

There are the telephone companies

which have their traffic agreements

which determine prices. There are

the boat lines which make uniform

charges. There are the labor unions





what wages shall be paid to members





the vast horde of ‘gentlemen’s





secret and open, and the





“Why do the farmers stand in any

relationship to the public

This noise about a





Farms and Farm 1111: Forms





This blew Farm

Ready 1391; You





Readyto live on and cultivate. new house (

andbam, Well, fend“ . eltc. sane fresh, high

/8nde cow, two blood lgs, dozen chickens. “1



Y0? Plan and helpoiouri “ma crtswill guide 1 ‘

you from planting mmnrkeiinz. yyour success



Ihipmts .11: profit: will be measured.





In Dixie Corn Belt

01: Carolina’ 11 Coast 1





Longsettled community. good roads. schools,

churches. flirty-ingrown nearby ; big yields grains. “

grasses. dov uits. vegetables 1 splendid live





   

   

   

   





secuon.:1hosrd attics products qukkly

to great marketceaterx Land valuesincrenalng.

ZSacr-s. “$2. 100 509cm. 32.750100acm. $4.100;

~93?!“ blame just cleared . and Improved as

above. Easy terms-«win today for particulars.

B. L. Runner. Gen. Dev. Act.

~ fleabourd Air Line Railway Co. -

759 Royster Bldg... Norfolk. Va.





   

   

   

   





 





 





$400 Down Secures

150 Acre Dairy Farm





20- -oow pasture 75 fertile tillage; and to be wood and

timber to pay r.lor farm a lot of apples: only 3 mile to

0011001. 0-1111 “1139140 40-.baft spiringwdater [tym-

e: make. quick e price ard'ibw d.own One crop

of potatoes should ay for it. For traveling instruc-

tions fsee. pa 9] TStrout' s Binguncl 1 of Bargains.“

1013,1th ROU '1‘ F M AGENCY. Dept.

150 Nassau St},I





NewY York

FA arms in any other part 0 th 0|"





Fine climate: long flu in ing season making two 0

possible; good outer and plenty of it; mildf winters; t 9

etockman’ a haven—come and see I andsf mm 87. 50 to

.00 per acre. Neyler 116a aln no chea Let melon

them to you. DSON, Livingston, Ala.





New Land,





In Gladwln and Midland Counties Michigan. on

locat t.ed ow prices and easy terms. Sta 1 .

Saginaw (Natal e), lch





(owners). 15Merrill Bid.

.. l -

Fine Dairy Farm For Sale 12° “32.23221;

in Mlehi on. stone r011. 11.1mm») etc odemDI

bani oqu road with ml kin. moo inc. cows. homes

a dotherfarm atoo . Faim tom:h and equipmentI

rec houses. milk to. harm- ah





Mteaand 1115301: Fri and arms onahle. rm

WWW





 





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germs. are uneur eased “lg





 





160 Acres,3.?2'L?l£’£2’1§“€£1§§$0&'3fi





 





”lam ... .

T958111! "coy:-

Will [lung's





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810011 {111111 Good I and-

eggs? 681).?!





   

 

 





 





ogs. machine

. Port FF





   





 





 





’,

mill? 1190881108 for 2w sander 235 mfiggm 12011. 11111111130119. 11111111. ”I! '11:

en 0 LMOND GRIFFEN' addreasO .Van Giesen. Owner, Butt é’gg'fifin





 





 





write Wm.





 





Mamdmn' tv. M stufimfim ”hm”





91-699 MI

tru owner. fififith. St. .





Detroltfgdfil
.lIII|lIlilIIlIllIIlIIIIllIllllllllIIllllll||llIlllllllllI|llllllllll|llllllllllIITlllIllllllIlIlIlIIllIIIllIIllllIIll





Markets.





IIIlllIIlIllllIllllIlllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllJllIlllllllllllIIIHlIIIIIIIIII

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





October 3, 1916.

, Wheat—Last week’s advanced pric-

es for wheat have been maintained.

The statistical situation in the wheat

trade seemed to favor dealing, not only

on the present level, but rather point

to a higher basis of operations. Pri-

mary receipts reported on Monday'ran

over a half million bushels less than

for the corresponding time a year ago.

Foreigners are buying on every dip of

the market and the demand from

abroad will require an unusually large

amount of the grain before being sat-

isfied. Millers and exporters are com-

peting for the cash offerings. Reports

from Argentine are also very bullish,

heavy damage having been done by

dry weather. A year ago No. 2 red

wheat was quoted on the Detroit mar-

ket at $1.07 per bushel. Last week’s

Detroit quotations were:

No.2 No.1

Red. White. Dec.



Wednesday . .154 1.49 1.56 1%;

Thursday ...... 1.56 1.51 1.581/2

Friday ......... 1.55% 1.50% 1.58

Saturday 1.50% 1.57%,



1.52%= 1.60



1.54% 1.63



$15834; May

$1.57%.



Corn—Another cent has been ad-

ded to corn prices this week. A good

general demand exists which, with the

shortage of the crop and the small

Wheat yields ought to keep values on

a high level. New corn is being of-

fered in some parts of the corn belt.

Lack of cars prevents a freer move»

ment of the grain. A year ago No. 3

corn was quoted at 64c per bushel.

Last week’s Detroit quotations were:



No. 3

Yellow.

Wednesday .........

Thursday ...........

Friday





911/2



'Chicago.——December corn 747/80 per

bushel; May 773/80.



Oats—This cereal is firmer at frac-

tionally higher quotations. ‘The influ-

ence of corn and wheat are felt in the

trade, although foreign buying and the

expectation of heavy exports has ad-

ded to the firmness of the trade. Stan-

dard oats a year ago were quoted at

391/20 per bushel. Last week’s prices

were:



No. 3





Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 51 5

Thursday ........... 51 50

Friday 511/;



Saturday 511/2



Monday 51%



Tuesday ............ 511/2 2



Chicago—December oats 487/80 per

bushel; May 51%0.



Rye—Market is steady and inactive.

Prices a cent above last week’s quota-

tions; No. 2 cash being quoted Tues~

day at $1.24 per bushel.



Beans—There is lacking the usual

activity in this trade due, of course, to

the very small crop and the prevailing

high prices. Bean threshing has only

begun but results indicate that est1~

mates are as yet plenty high. On the

Detroit market cash beans rre quoted

at $4.90 and October at $4.75. At Chi-

cago pea beans are quoted at $6@6.25

and red kidneys $5.75 per bushel.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Flour.———Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs, as follows: Best

patent $8.40; seconds $8.20; straight

$8; spring patent $8.90; rye flour $7.40

per bbl.



Feed.——In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $26.50; standard middlings



28; fine middlings $35; cracked corn

$39; coarse corn meal $30; corn and

cat chop $34 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.——Butter is in active demand

and higher. Creamery extra 330; do.

firsts 311/2c; dairy 25c; packing stock

24%c per lb.



Elgin.——Prices are higher; receipts

are holding up well and quality is im-

proved. Market is firm at 340 per lb.



Chicago—Market is firm and high-

er. A good demand exists and storage

stock is being drawn on. Creamery

extras quoted at 340; extra firsts 33%0

per lb; firsts 32@33c.



Eggs—Candied eggs are 1/2c higher

and in demand; other kinds are up:

clsiia/nged. Firsts 31c; current receipts



20.



Chicago—Market steady and higher.

Trade is good for fine eggs. Ordinary

lots are slow. Firsts 30@3lc; ordi-





nary firsts 28%@29%c; “at mamas» ._ ,





es included 22@291,éc; firsts, storage

paid 28%@28%c. ,

New York—Fresh gathered extra





‘fine 38@39c; extra firsts 36@37c per





dozen; firsts 32%@35c.



Poultry.—The market is easy and

prices are lower. Live broilers 18@

190; No. 1 hens 180; others 16@17c;‘

ducks 17c; geese 13@14c; turkeys 24

@250 per lb.



Chicago—Liberal receipts brought

lower prices for fowls. Springers are

10 higher. Turkeys 25c; fowls 15%@

160 for general run; extra heavy 17%,0

per lb; light weight 141/2@15c; roos-

ters 13c; Springers 19c; ducks 150;

geese 14@17c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Apples—Market is firm and prices

are higher. Barreled- stock $3.50@4

or fancy; choice'$2@2.75; No. 2. 50c

@$1 per bushel. At Chicago a steady

feeling prevails for fancy stock which

sells for $2.75@4.50 per bbl; No. 2

stock $1.50@2.



Pears.——Bartletts are steady at $1.50

@175 per bushel; other kinds $1@

1.25. At Chicago pears are in good

supply and No. 1 Bartletts bring $5.50

@650 per bbl; Seckle $3@4.50; other

kinds $2@3; N0. 2 all kinds $1.50@3.



Peaches—Peaches are easy and low-

er. Fancy $1.50; AA, $1.25; A, $1; B,

5OC@$1. At Chicago Michigan Smocks

are selling at 250@$1 per bu; one-fifth

bushel baskets 15@180.



Grapes.~—Delewares and Niagaras

sell for 22@23c per pony basket, and

Concords at 14@15c. At Chicago the

market is steady and prices are high-

er. Concords in 8-lb. baskets (6@63/4

lbs. net) bring 19@200; Delewares 22

@250; Niagaras 15@18c.



Potatoes—At Detroit potatoes in car

lots bring $1.40@1.50 for round and

$1.25@1.35 for long. No Michigan po-

tatoes are quoted at Chicago but oth-

ers bring from $1.10@1.35 per bushel.

At Greenville the farmers are getting

$1.05. The quality is improving but

the movement is light for this time of

the year.





GRAND RAPIDS.





The egg market keeps advancing,

with quotations now at 320. N0. 1

dairy butter is worth 260. Apples sell

on the city market in a small way at

60@800, and some sales of orchards of

winter apples are reported in this vi-

cinity at $1 per 100 lbs. The peach

season is almost over, with sales new

around $1.50 per bushel. Hay is $1

per ton higher, with sales now at $10@

12. Potatoes have been quoted around

$1 per bushel at some of the buying

points during the past week and 900

at other places. Heavy frosts have

killed the vines and some damage may

have resulted, though most of the late

cr0p was pretty well along. Local

bean dealers still insist. that the $5

minimum price that is talked of by the

growers is unreasonable and buyer

and seller seem to be about $1 per

bushel apart as yet. No. 2 red Wheat

is $1.47; rye $1.10; corn 900; oats 500.~





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





There was the usually large market

Tuesday morning, with prices holding

firm in most lines. Tomatoes $1@

1.75; peaches $1@1.60; apples 75c@

$1.25; grapes $1.25; onions $1.65@

1.75; cabbage $1.65@1.80; carrots $1.50

@ 60; eggs 42@45c; butter 450;

small Leghorn chickens were offered

at $1 per pair; loose hay $18@20 per

on.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

October 2, 1916.



(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,



New York Central Stock Yards,



Buffalo, N. Y.)



Cattle—Receipts 180 cars; choice

grades steady, and medium 15@250

lower; choice to prime native steers

$9.50@10.25; good to choice $8.25@

8.50; fair to good $7.50@8; plain to

coarse $7@7.25; Canadian steers, 1300

to 1400 lbs, $8.25@8.75; do. 1250 to

1350 lbs, $7.75@8; do. mixed heifers

and steers $7.25@7.50; yearlings, dry-

fed $9.50@10; best handy steers $7.25

@7.75; light butcher steers and heif~

ers, mixed $7@7.25; western heifers

$6.50@7; best fat cows $6.50@7; butch-

er cows $5.25@5.75; cutters $4.25@

4.50; canners $3.50@4; fancy bulls

$6.75@7; butcher bulls $6@6.25; 'com-

mon bulls $5@5.25; good stockers

$6.25@6.50; light common stockers

$5.25@5.50; feeders $6.50@7; milkers

and Springers $65@100.



Hogs—Receipts 90; market 15c low-

er; heavy $10.40@10.50; mixed and

yorkers $10@1025; pigs .$9.25@9.50.



Sheep and Lambs—Receipts 35

cars; steady; top lambs $10.40@10.50;

few at $10.60; yearlings $8.50@9;

wethers $7.75@8; ewes $7.25@7.50.



Calves—Receipts 900; steady; top

lambs $13: fair to good $12@12.50;

fed Q5@5.50.





 





President Wilson Signing the Rural Credits Act





President Wilson





Has Won Real Freedom— ‘

Has Secured Prosperity—1





For the





F armer.





f The Wilson Administration is the first that has

dared to make common cause with the farmer

against the usurer, the fake middleman, and

fthe other human pests who in the past have

grown rich on the fruits of the farmer’s toil.





OR the first time in our national history the farmer'





has been freed from the domination of the extor—



tioner and slavery to the favored few. Under

President Wilson the farmer has been treated as a busi-

ness man. and accorded his fullrights and advantages.

Under the Wilson administration the average annual

farm wealth production has been $10,000,000,000-—-

over a billion dollars more than thebest previous show-

ing. And the farmer has enjoyed the financial fruits





of his work.





President Wilson Has Maintained

Peace With Honor





N o greater service has ever been rendered to any

country by any man in any time. This alone warrants





your supporting him.





On the record of his adminis-





tration’s service to you. see what has been accomplish-

ed. In brief, here is the record:





I—Appreciation of the importance of agri-

culture has been shown through greatly

and intelligently increased appropriations

for its support.





2-Greatly increased provision has been

made. through the enactment of the Co-

operative Agricultural Extension Act. for

conveying agricultural i n f o r In a ti o n to

farmers and for inducing them to apply it.





s—Through the creation of an Office of

Markets and Rural Organization. system-

atic provision has, for the first time. been

made toward the solution of problems in

that important half of agriculture which

concerns Distribution—marketing, rural

finance and rural organization. The appro—

priations for this Office, including those for

enforcing new laws designed to promote.

better marketing. have been increased to

$1,200,000.



4~The United States Grain Standards Act

will secure uniformity in the grading of

grain. enable the farmer to obtain fairer

prices for his product, and afford him an

incentiveto raise better grades of grain.





—-The United States Warehouse Act will

enable the Department of Agriculture to

license bonded warehouses in various

states.It-will lead to the development of

better storage facilities for staple crops

and will make possible the issuance. of

reliable warehouse receipts which Will be

Widely and easily negotiable.





li—The Federal Aid Road Act will conduce

to the establishment of more effective high-

way machinery, stimulate larger produc-

tion and better marketing. promotes a

fuller and more attractive rural life.





7—The Federal Reserve Act benefits the

farmer by guaranteeing better banking,

safeguarding the credit structure of the

country and preventing panics, makin

larger provision for loans through nationa

banks on farm mortgages and by giving

farm papera maturity period of 6 months.





The Federal Farm

Loan Act





S—lt was essential, however, that banking

machinery be devised which would reach

intimately into the rural districts, that it

should operate on terms suited to the farm-

ers’ needs. and should be under sympa-

thetic management. The need was for

machinery which would introduce business

methods into farm finance. bring order out

ofchaos. reduce the cost of handling farm

loans. place upon the market mortgages

which would be a. safe investment for

private funds, attract into agricultural

operations afair share of the capital of the

nation. and lead to a reduction of interest.

These needs and these ideals have been

met by the enactment of the Federal Farm

Loan Act. ’





This is not all but it is enough-to indicate what has





been accomplish ed.





That is Why the Farmer Will Vote

To Retain President Wilson In Office





W

This advertisement is

publuhed and paid

for by the Democratic

National Commune

42nd ea, Bldg., N. Yi





 





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October 2, 1916.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.





Receipts today.=.24,000 37,000 42,000

Same day.1915..16,815 16,720 19,640

Last week ...... 64,064 138,754 121,843

Same wk 1915..46,235 99,725 82,650



Shipments from here last week em-

braced 17,166 cattle, 9,185 hogs and

32.190 sheep and lambs, comparing

with 3,381 cattle, 21,698 hogs and 5,504

sheep and lambs for the same time

last year. The hogs received averag-

ed only 218 lbs.





This week opens with the worst hog

market yet experienced, prices show-

ing a further decline of 250, and the

best selling at $10.25. Sheep and

lambs show weakness, with the best

feeding lambs going at $10 and much

lower prices talked of for prime range

killing lambs. The packers received

direct 5,500 hogs and 12,000 lambs.





‘ About 7,000 northern range cattle ar-





rived. . - .



Cattle receipts last week were on a

liberal scale once more, although far

smaller than the rarely equaled enor-

mous supplies furnished a. .week ears

her. Far more cattle were offered

than for corresponding weeks in re

cent years, the offerings including

the customary liberal supplies of. gras-

sers, with a generous representation

from the 'northern range country. The

corn-fed lots were too largely on the

short-fed or warmed—up order, and be:-

cause of the great scarcity of choice

com-fed cattle—both heavy steers and

prime little yearlings—all such offer-

ings sold especially well.’ By Thurs-

day there was a. rather general weake

ening in values, the better class of

cattle excepted, but steers worth over

$9 sold at 15@25c higher prices than

at the close of the previous week. The

bulk of the steers received during the

week brought $7.25@10.75, with the

choicer class of weighty cattle taken

at a range of $10.50@11.25, while cat-

tle classed as good brought $9.75@

10.45, with sales of medium grade

steers at $8.50@9.70. Fair light-weight

killing steers brought $7.50@8.45 and

inferior grassers sold at $5.50@7.45.

Good to prime yearling steers found a

good outlet at $9.50‘@11.10, with not

many selling near the top price. Butch-

ering lots of cows and heifers sold

freely on the basis of $5.10@8 for the

form-er and $4.50@9.50 for the latter,

with an" occasional sale of a fancy lit-

tle yearling heifer at $9.75@10 or even

higher. Cutters brought $4.45@$5.

canners $3.50@4.40 and bulls $4.75@

8. Calves sold at an extremely wide

range of prices, buyers paying higher

figures for the best light vealers.

Heavy calves sold at $4.75@9.50, while

light vealers brought $11@13. Stock~

ms and feeders were lower priced and

only moderately animated at $5@7.50.

Viestern range cattle were plentiful

for these times, and steers sold at

8650613965 for common to prime lots,

few going near the top.



Hogs were marketed much more

freely last week, and the demand con-

tinued mainly of a local character,

with eastern shippers taking hold con-

servatively. The market developed a

remarkably bearish tendency, and the

declines in prices that. were started

during the previous week were follow-

ed up by further severe declines, caus-

ing much wonderment as to whether

the latter part of the year is to wit-

ness 3. much lower range of values,

with liberal receipts of spring pigs.

Some observers of the hog trade are

predicting marked gains in receipts of

pigs and light hogs and a gradually

increasing premium for heavy hogs.

The market was its worst on Saturday

when hogs sold at $9.25@10.50 for the

coarse heavy packers to prime sele t-

ed butcher weigh-ts, while pigs broug t

$6.50@9.35. The best hogs sold more

than $1 per 100 lbs. below, the high

time. of a few weeks ago. ~Armour &

(70., it was stated, received 7,000 hogs

direct on Saturday from other man

liets. - '



Sheep, yearlings and lambs have

been selling recently at much lower

prices than heretofore, because of In-

creased receipts in Chicago and other

western markets, and the ' declines

have taken in range feeding lambs as

well as in breeding ewes and fat kill-

ing oflerings. The weakness was or

tensified by the practice of the big

packing firms of bringing in large

numbers of range killing lambs con-

signed to them direct from. other man

kets. Prices closed as follows: Lambs

$7.50@10.30;. feeding lambs $9.25@

10.15; yearlmgs $7.25@8.75; wetbers

$7.25@8.25; ewes $3@7.25; bucks $49

6. Feeders bought yearlings at $7.50

@860; ewes at $566.25 and wctbers

at $7@7.25. Fat lambs closed 509m

lower than a week earlier, while wetly

ers and yearlings were 25050::



range feeding he were 35c

lower. Breeding. ewes sold at 876





o





 





swag Makers. ,





 





lower. caged about 10: higher. Yorkers and





""f'H'i's Is THE LAST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent tor-those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edie

tion will be sent on request at any

ime.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday’s Market. .

October 5, 1916.

Cattle.

Receipts 2774. There was another"

heavy supply of cattle on hand this

week, although some of the common





stuff of last week had not all been dis- ‘





 





posed of up to Tuesday. The qualitv

was very common, a large portion. of

the receipts being light stocking

grades that should never be sent to.

market.



The trade in this department on‘ev-

erything but canners and best prime

steers was 25@35c lower than last

week, when it was thought they had

sustained quite a strong break. Stock-

er buyers were more plentiful this

week and helped out nicely. On Thurs

day the receipts dropped off and at the

close the market was dull at the de-

cline. Best heavy steers $8@8.2.5; best

handy weight butcher strs $6.75@7.25;

mixed steers and heifers $6.25@6:75;

handy light butchers $5.75@6; light

butchers $5.25@5.75; best cows $9.75

@6; butcher cows $5605.50; common

cows $4.50@5; canners $3.50@4.25;

best heavy bulls $5.50@6; bologna

bulls $5@5.50; stock bulls $4.50@5;

feeders $6@7; stockers $4.50@6.25;

milkers and springers $40@80.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Kull 3 butchers

av 917 at $6, 7 do av 700 at $5, 3 do av

1053 at $6, 7 do av 1093 at $7; to

Parker, W. & Co. 5 cows av 940 at

$4.15, 3 do av 950 at $4.25, 8 butchers

av 635 at $5.25, 23 steers av 1130 at

$7.40, 2 butchers av 770 at $4.15, 11 do

av 877 at $4.15, 4 cows av 1082 at

$4.85, 1 do wgh 1080 at $5.50, 2 do av





 





 





 





'Whetievertbereissickncssa





free from worms; your stock Will thrive

'there’ll be less Sickness. fewer losses and





, “WW? ‘0‘“ .~. l\. ‘

up '

Oneal

Worm



labour





SAL-VET is the. world’s most widely used and

successful preparation for destroying worms. It iseosy to

give-1 3 Animals as: it freely

and rad themselves of the deadly parasites.





ll

Fill out the coupon and I will send you a valuable I“





no dosing, drenching or starvm .





 

 





mong your farm animals

when they are off-feed, dull-eyed, rough 0! coat, and don’t gain

as they should. lookout for worms and indigestion, the cause

of 90per cent of all live stock losses. Keep your farm, ammals

' better on no flfmd;





 

 





 





‘ . 'msv...





 





P R 00F !

"Whogswaecougli tu-

ribi . and there were enema of

alloyerawithin smile from-y

bigger full. I an to feed SAL-



' le’l‘ and cant] my Itodl

. y Wild fatit. Thoma.)-

mg stop ” and the m





 





 





mdoing we

Th. C. W. S. Northrup.

fiat t. 6, Smith Cam, In.

hu_3hok





“m" costs But Little

mmmtma

cams? ”a“ ”h“-

cafes-rmfassfi:

mh—mMahmh

I- -- - - - - - - -





”till-MCI.

”I’m





 





. E Fm use.

SAL-VET Live Stock lock FREE ,/."""°...... g93§mmx

and give you the name of my near-by dealer, from

Whom you can get enough SAL-VET to last all of / l have ...... .htgo..........sheep.........honca and





your stock sixty days. _He will refund your money

If SAL: Stomach and

ammals





VET fails to rid them of

free intestinal worms and put the

Ta good condition.



, ‘ “on“ an)

1'": FE". IFG. co., “'3’

Dept.” Cleveland. 0N0





mdes ........ cattle.





Name





 





 





Sham





 





 





945 at $4.25, 4 do av 8142 at $4.25, 5 do

av 794 at $5.50, 10 steers av 1000 at

$7; in Reede 10 feeders av 833’ at

$6.25, 4 do av 735 at $6; to Goose 19





butchers av 732 at $5.10; to Mason B. j .





Co. 9 steers av 963 at $6.50; to Ham-

mond, S. 8: Co. 30 butchers av 797 at

$6, 2 steers av 1025 at $7.25, 2 bulls av

1150 at $6; to Parker, W. 8: Co. 5

heifers av 580 at $5, 2 cows av 965 at

$4.50, 3 do av 953 at $4.25, 3 steers av

950 at $6, 6 cows av 870‘at $4.50; to

Allen 18 feeders av 880 at $5.50, 9 do

av 918‘ at $6; to Sullivan P. Co. 9

butchers av 804 at $5;



Erwin, S. & J. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 14 steers av 1066 at $8; to Ratt-

kowsky 1.0 butchers av 739 at $5.25;

to Sullivan P. Co. 9 cows av 1020 at;





 





 





 





 





$4.25, 8 do av 1002 at $5; to Parker,!

W. a C0. 6 do av 953 at $4.85, 5 do avi

894 at $4.25, 1 do wgh 900 at $5; to;

Hertler 8 feeders av 665 at $6.25, 1 do;

wgh 600 at $6; to Thompson 3 bulls!

av 1083 at $5.30; to Belfert 2 steers av i

780 at $6.35, 4 do av 790 at $6.25; to,

Hertler 3 feeders av 866 at $6.10; toi

Thompson 10 steers av 1071 at $7.65,;

3 do av 1000 at $7.25; to Denton 6"

feeders av 806 at $6.50; to Rattkow-l

sky 2 cows av 9.20 at $5.25; to Ham~-

mend, S. & Co. 9 do av 900 at $4.25.

Veal Calves.



Receipts 821. The veal calf trade

for anything good was about the same

as last week, but common and medium

grades were lower and heavy grades

fully 500 lower, this class selling at

from $5@7.50, a few extra fancy ones

brought $13, but the bulk of the good

sold at $11.50@12.50.



Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 1 wgh

170 at $12.50, 1 wgh 130 at $12, 2 av

175 at $9; to Thompson 11 av 150 at

$12.50; to Mich. B. Co. 20 av 135. at

$12.25, 16 av 150 at $12.25; to Thomp—

son$11wgh 110 at $12.50, 1 wgh 200

at 1.





 





 





Sheep and Lambs.





It is natural for a host to wallow. Provxde

a wallow close to the feeding grounds. to

which add Dr. Hess D19 and Disinfectant

occasionally. The hogs W111 constantly

pass back and forth from the wallow to

the teed trough; while theQDIP Will kill

the lice and cleanse the skin. the DRIP

will destroy the germs of disease and the

worms that pollute the ground.





Dr. Hess

Dip and Disinieclant





encganonhmsmtomdaflmsolnflm





in excellent for sheep dipping: it is a guar-

anteed remedy for sheep scab and ticks;

it destroys germs and foul rs——in short.

its use as a dismiectant around your farm

Will keep away disease. Invaluable for dis-

infecting Sinks. drams. troughs, garbage

cans, outbouses. etc. Good ahke for home





 





 





gallon cans and barrels.





Dr. Ross m (inset





Does not an color or blister.





and stable. Sold in pint

bottles. quart, half-gallon.

1 gallon

can $1.00





smaller pkg. Makes stock comfortable.



shun



with? "R. HESS & CLARK

M m can





 





 





AGENTS WANTED





for intlopendent hollowwin lighting oys-

lmns for lumen, “ores, etc; also complete

line of lanterns and portable and street

Imps. Use common gasoline.

AKRON GAS LAMPS



one most: improved, simplest. and safest ol

' all. Best antlrheapest. illumination known.

Shed a clear, soft. bright, white light 02 high

candle pnwsr. Fully Gum-unwed. Hand,

demonstration outfit. Our Agency Pro-

pultinn cannnthe bent. Ixelueive territory.

. ~ Write quick for Catatoc and Tarmac,

Akron Gas Lamp Co..635$o. High on, Akron, 0.





Farm Seeds WANTED





“'0 are in tho market, _ .



and prepared to pu)‘ cash for any nuanity of Tim-

othy. Clovcxs. ’J‘imnth) and (’imexs mixed—also

other field seed. Send 11H hillllyles, description,

state 'uantity you have and new cash price per

bushe f. o. b. your station. 0 lot too small nor





toolargu. Address

Hyde Sud Fm, Palladium, Emmi.





CLOVER SEED WANTED





Red. Mammoth and Alsikc also Timothy and Links



mixed. Send samples and prices to 0. M. SCOTT



& SONS 00., :6 Sixth St, Marysvifle,0lllo .

Traders, Taxidermists. It‘llher-

men. Spensmen, (éampers.





BOOKS ,,W ..





Ginseng and Golden Seal Growers, Etc.

the Booklet Free. A. R. HARDING, Publbhet.

71 North Ohio Avenue. Columbus, Ohio.





RUFUS B. HOLMES 60.





man and mimic Sta. Detroit. Mich.





Commission Merchants





Poultry. Live or Dressed. Dressed Hogs. Calves'

Sheep and Eggs. Reference. Peninsular Savings

Bank. Sullivan Packing L‘o. Shipments Solicited.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   





 





 





 





 





For Hunters. 'rroppers Fun





 





F . “'9 are now paying from three to nine eta.

arm’s. above the highest ("finial Detroit Marla

Quotation for eggs, shipped tons by express. Write

us for information. It vull pay you. AM ‘

BUT’I‘EB a CHEESE (30.. Detroit. Mich.





Ship To The Old Reliable House,

H A i Daniel McCoffrey’I Son: Co..

623-625 Wabash Bldg. Mural: Pt.

m





 





Receipts 5387. The sheep and lamb

trade was active and 10@150 higher

thanthey were early in the week. As





w“: .





 





 





More Money if you Conslgn toTHE

E. L. RICHNIOND CO. Detroit.

21 years in business. Reference





 





usual- the'quality was of the common

order, but several bunches of good

were here and brought $10.15@10.25.

The close was steady as follows: Best

lambs $9.75@10.25; fair lambs $9@

9.50; light to common lambs $8@8.75;

fair to good sheep $6.25@7; culls and

common $4@5.



Erwin, S. & J. sold Nagle P. Co. 30

lambs av 80 at $10; to Mich. B. Co. 13

do av 75 at $9.85; to Sullivan P. Co. 19

sheep av 105 at $6.25, 30 lambs av 55

at $8.75, 14 do av 50 at $8.50, 20 sheep

av 95 at $6.50, 55 lambs av 70 at $9.85,

76 do av 80 at $10.15, 28 do av 55 at

$8.50, 27 sheep av 110 at $6.50.



Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 48

lambs av 75 at $9.75, 12 do av 85 at

$10, 9 sheep av 135 at $6.75, 9 do av

130 at $6.25.





Hm

Receipts .8544. In the hog depart-

ment the trade was a trifle more ac-

tive than on Wednesday and prices av~





 





heavy $9@9.25; pies $8.50 8.75. This

18 50@75c'per cwt. lowerethan they





 





 





were at the same time a week ago.





Auto Insurance

Popular





Dr. Carney, of Durand, while vis~

iting the State Fair, had his auto-

mobile burn. He was insured in

the Citizens’ Mutual Auto Insur-

ance Company, of Howell. He has

just received a check for his loss

and is well pleased with the treat-

ment by the company. He says he

believes every farmer and business

"man should carry automobile insur-

ance. In case of loss the company

will pay all fair claims. Thirteen

thousand five hundred members are

now insured in the Citizens’ Mutual

Auto Insurance Company, of How-





 





ell, Michigan.





 





 





your Bank.





Farms For Sale





For sale. 1%} acres general farming land in Mamet:



1.0., Mich. New 7 room house. barn Ext“, 1012“ silo.

and other necessary out buildings, good well and

Windmill. small orchard. 23;; miles from town. 9‘ miles

from school. Price $4,000. Box 64. Altona. Michigan.





' ' Farm. Southern Mich. Excellent

Flfllsf Small Fm location and shipping facilities.

unfitJosegh. fine bl .. water system. fully plant-

BdJOOIRBtL“ aul Marni) lei-.521 Jackson. Milwaukee.Wil.





 





 





 





A RAZOR SNAP





A new lot of fine quality Imported

Razors at 40 cents while the supply

lasts. is now offered by the Michigan

Farmer.



The razors are made of the best

cutlery steel, five-eighth-inch blade,

and black handle. We will not say

Just What these razors ordinarily rec

tall at. as prices on razors vary with

each dealer, but we have seen razors

no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50.



So, only while our present supply

lasts the price is 40 cents each, post-

ypaid, or a half-dozen at $2.00. boat-

paid.’ Address all orders to the Mich-

igan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.
3345426 I ,

No MONEY

IN ADVANCE





Special Farm Credit





Supply all your roofing needs now with the

amous Hercules Roofing and pay for it when

convenient. N 0 money in advance-no deposit

--no G. 0. D.—no reference asked. Mail cou-

pon at once for Roofing Book and full line of

free samples so thatyou can select Just the

weight that is best suited to your needs.





Big Bargains '

In ROOFING





Hartman’s,with capital and

resources of over $12,000,000.

buy in such vast quantities

that we can afford to sell

. highest quality guaranteed

roofing actually cheaper than

others ask for inferior quali-

ties. Order all you want. We

will ship it at once. Examine

it carefully—lay it on your

roof—and if perfectly satis-

factory, pay one-tenth in 30

days; balance in nine equal

monthly payments: or pay

one-sixth within 60 days, bal-

ance in five equal payments

at intervals of two months

each, giving you I.





A FULL YEAR





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 





Hercules Flint Surfaced

Roofing is positively proof

against all kinds of weather.

Rolls 108 sq. ft. Free nails

and cement. Only a hammer needed to lay.

Made in all plys and weights. Highest quality

long fibre roofing felt saturated with pure

asphalt. Both sides coated with very fine sharp

particles of crystal, which are firmly imbedded

under enormous pressure,giving extra strength





 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





and long life without repairs. Write for

F R E Roofing 'M

Catalog H





Drop us a postal or mail

coupon for Hartman’s Roof-

ing Bargain Catalog and a

complete assortment of free

samples. Get our low prices,

and order on our Farm

Credit Plan.





The Hartman 00.,

4043.45 [383": Si. Chicano. lll.





— —FREE BOOK COUPON





THE HARTMAN COMPANY.

4043-45 LaSalle Street. Chicago, Ill.





 





Without obligating me, send me your Roofing Cat-

aJogNo. -—free samples of ur _Hcrcu_les Roof-

ing. and pumculars of your Farm dit Selling Plan.





Name..u.unos-cu"...-n-nneoocseooo-ocenus-coo...





Address ......... ... ..... ...............................

_ — _ — — _ — _ —





 





- for tenant more

money for owner, 1n our

Active Fertilizers.





Just ask nearest office for





booklet. Agents wanted.





The AMI-mom AGRICULTURAL

CHEMICAL COMPANY





New York, Baltimore, Buffalo.

Philadelphia. Boston. Detroxt,

Cincinnati, Cleveland. etc.





 





 





For Sale

AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE





running 98% pure. Thislime is in ideal condition (or



e plying to the soil. either mechunlcally orby hand.



Write for prices in car lots or in small uantlticsn



E. I. du Pont de Nemours a. (10., Buy my, Michigan



L I M E send sample and full particu-

1 rs. Write to office nearest you.





a.

LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY.

Muekegon. Mich.. and Benton Harbor. Mich.



Northern Hydrated





AGR'CULTURAL llM Lime and Pulverized





Limestone. also pulverized burned lime, all made from

high calcium limestone. Guaranteed tobe the beaten

the market. Your inquiries solicited. Samples furn-

ished on request. Northern Lime Co.. Petoskey. Mich.





 





P l erized lime rock for "sour”

soul]: Write for LOW PRICES

DIRECT TO YOU and we will





 





 





 





DOCS

FOX. KS???" lifggiir HOUNDS





B ke to un and field,and guaranteed.Fox,coon & rab-

hiltohoun pups, from the best of stock—$5.00 each.

Stampfor photos. H. O. Lytle. Fredericksburg.0hlo.





PURE BRED SCOTCH COLLIE PUPS, Belgian

Hares and R. and S. C. R. I. Reds forsale’. Good ( unl-

ity, prices reasonable. 0. E. Hawley, Ludlngton. ll lch.





Skunk and Rabbit dogs.

F” "Mind: ”I an IE”. M Ferrets, senchetamp.

W. E. LECKY. Holmesville, Ohio





‘-

.—





FERRETS

3000 FERRETS FOR SALE





Price list free. C. J. DIMICK. Rochester, Ohio.

h h ti tS' d rub.

2000 Ferrets T e” “s m “1





bits. Price list and booklet

mailed free. N. E. KNAPP, Rochester, Ohio.





Ferrets For Sale. Fine Stock.





 





Catalog and

Ashland, O.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Feeding the

' ESPITE the fact that most any-

one can call to mind instances

where success has been made

with poultry when none of the meth-

ods employed were known as scientific

or elaborate, experienced breeders and

commercial poultrymen know that for

best results unto-date methods must

be followed and that these successes

are the exception. They have been

successes in spite of, rather than be-

cause of the method employed.

Good Judgment Necessary.



It is not the purpose"’of this article

to deal with the complex, scientific

principals underlying proper feeding,

but rather to collect certain rules that

have become common practice among

the best commercial egg and poultry

producers. The first of these is judg«

ment. One man may know the last

word in “balanced rations”. scientific

feeding and the like, and fall short of

the result of the man who is ignorant

of these things but who possesses a.

greater share of good judgment. Giv-

en a comparatively poor ration the lat-

ter will succeed where the former will

fail. The personal touch, the constant

attention to the condition and likes

and dislikes of a flock of hens is one





'THI‘E M Ito Hi1 GAN 'FA'R M ER





“‘5





Farm Flock





feeding than because of its fat-forming

propensities.

Why Corn is Fattening.

One of the chief reasons that corn. is

such a fat producer is because it is so

readily digested. It is well liked by

all kinds of fowl and its larger grain

makes it easily found, and hens fed on

whole corn are able to find a full feed

in a comparatively short time. This

promotes laziness and idleness which

in itself is the condition required for

the formation of fat. Cracked corn

fed in a. deep litter overcomes this ten-

dency to a great degree and it should

be the slogan of the feeder to make

his hens work for their corn. Crack-

ing corn does not change the chemical

composition of corn but it does pro‘

mote life and health in the flock if hid

in litter.

Wheat bran is a. Valuable addition

to the daily ration and any mash fed

from hoppers should contain a large

proportion of wheat bran. So long as

its price does not go beyond a dollar

and fifty cents per hundred pounds,

and eggs stay at their usual market

price, it is not an expensive feed. A

mash composed of wheat bran, ground

oats, middlings or ground corn, can be





 





 





 





Showing a Practical and Economical





 





With a Muslin Screen in the Upper Half of the Window.





Method of Ventilating Chicken Houses





 





of the poultryman’s most valuable as-

sets. It is possible to lay down a defi-

nite set of rules governing proper

foodstuffs, but the feeding is a person-

al matter and cannot be put in black

and White to cover each indivi.lual

and condition. Condltions make the

manner of feeding largely up to the

person on whom rests the responsibil-

ity of the flock.

The Value of Corn.



Because of the necessity of heavy

consumption of food that may be read-

ily digested, whole grains form, or

should form, the larger part of the ra-

tion for the heavy producing flock.

The starting point of this ration on

the average farm, is corn, because it

is the grain that we are most apt to

have, it is usually the cheapest and as

a rule, is the most convenient. Many

times corn is both the starting and the

ending portion of the ration. Because

we have it it is abused as a poultry

food. It is considered a highly fatten-

ing food and flocks fed mainly of corn,

especially the larger breeds, are more

apt to put on fat than those fed a

mixture of small grains and a mash of

the bulkier rations. But so far as the

nutritive value of corn itself is con-

sidered, it does not differ so greatly

from wheat or barley. Corn furnishes

heat and fat for the body and coloring

matter for the egg yolk, with other in-

gredients in a lesser'degree. Wheat

also furnishes heat as well as albumen

or the white of the egg and mineral

matter that goes to make up bone.

Bran makes albumen and minerals,

is an excellent aid to digestion. Oats

also generate heat, so we see that

these foods that generate heat must,

in some degree, also form fat. Corn is

the greatest of these, but even corn is





 





 





l,Errice list free.

Writs at once. 0. M. Beckett. Dept. .





 





more abused through the manner of





,."





fed to an advantage in every laying

house. It is advisable to add meat

scraps to this mash if clean sweet

scraps can be secured. This meat

scrap stimulates egg production and

furnishes a substitute for similar mat-

ter picked up on the range in summer.

Skim-milk, if fed in quantity, will keep

down the bill for meat scrap.

A Variety Necessary for Laying Hens.

The practice for laying hens cannot

be followed when the result aimed at

is the fattening of poultry. This sur-

plus poultry that is to be fattened

needs every fat‘forming element to be

had. Whole corn fed in plain View, a

mash that will add variety enough to

keep the birds eating well, and plenty

of milk and fresh water, fills the bill.

With the laying hens, however, varie-

ty counts a great deal. Any of the

above grains can be fed on the aver-

age farm because they are grown

there, and it should be the aim of the

farmer or poultryman to buy as little

feed from outside sources as possible.

By Using judgment in the manner of

feeding, and watching the condition

and the likes and dislikes of the hen,

she may be well and not too well fed

by one who knows nothing and cares

nothing for the so-called balanced ra‘

tion. W. C. SMITH.





 





EGG PRODUCTION IS STILL PROF-

ITABLE.





The tendency of farm poultry rais-

ers is to sell most of their poultry on

accOunt of the scarcity and high prices

of grain. Country buyers say that in

many cases the entire poultry flock is

sold because of‘the idea that it does

not pay to feed the hens high-priced

grain. ‘





 

 

 





 

 





.3





You {Men Who Know

Good Farm land





ET the facts aboutthe Louisiana Highlands.

Get them NOW! Virgin BOlI that pro-

duces 50 bushels of oats and 60 bushels of

corn: And only $22 an acre! Learn why this

is the biggest opportunity in farmland today

and why the property is being offered at a

grice far below its true agricultural worth.

end for the big book mentioned below.

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Climate mild the year around: rainfall cer-

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learn about the wonderful development now

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Directly (1.1711th with TheLong-Bell Lumber Co.

429 ii. A. Long Bldg. Kansas City, Mo.





 





 





, POULTR Y .

Barred Rocks fiiiiffiilfgoiti‘ii‘él





Circular Free. Fred Astllng, Constantine. Mich.





BREEDING COCKERELS i





horns. R. I. Reds. Barred Rocks.

PULLETS—White, Bufl’, Black. Prices reasonable.

Sunnybrook Poultry Farms, Hillsdale, Michigan.





Barred Rock





W. C. Coifmau.





GET YOUR (RIDER IN EARLY FOR





gockerels from Cousins Northern King Strain Barred





ocks. Write David W. Cousins, North Port. Mich.





Bull leghorns





price. Dr. Wil





 





White. Brown.

Bull, Black Leg-





 





Cockerels, Cooks and Rene. Four

fiullets laycd 9:30 eggs in one year.

. 3 Benton Harbor, Michigan.





Exculsively. Now is the time to buy

lpure bred stock at a. big reduction in

mm A. Smith, Pctersburg. Michigan





OHN’S Big Beautiful Barred Rocks are all hen-

lmtchcd, developed quick, good layers, cn('|1$8; pair $5;sold

on approval. Circulars, photos. John Non-thou, Clare, Mich.





‘ FEHHIS WHITE LEGHORNS





Best winterlsycrs. 5000 pullets.

hens and brewing males at low





 





 

 





prices. Trapncsted to lay 200 eggs



or more. Shipped C. ().D. and on

approval. Chicks and Eggs. Catalogexplains

all. Send postal.





Geo. B. Ferris. 934 Unlon, Grand Rapids,fllch.





For Sal





Geo. Mlsner.



FOR SALE. 200 White Leghorn hens at 81

'I each. 100 May hatched pullete



at 750 each. Also disposlng of our Barred Rock-(30



hens and 3 males). This we good chance to secure some



good foundation stock. Strain has been line bred for



2:”) years, heavy layers and prize Winners.



Cavanagh Poultry Farm. Lansing, Michigan.





 





 





 





 





250 ure bred S. C. W.

Leg orn pullets and

several fine cockerele

from A No. laying

s ram.



Fairgrove, Mich.





FOR SAL Pure bred S. 0. Bull Leghorng

and white Plymouth Rock cock—

erels. Kletzlen & Webster, Bath, Mich.





 





Prices reduced one

FOWIGI‘S' Bil" flocks :hnlf. balance of seas-

on. 1OIOJtillty eggs $35 for 15, $1. 50 for 30. 3" f





.. or ,

for B. B.F WLER. Hartford. Mich.





 





lne Crest. S. 0. White Orpingtons. Bargain,4 year-

ling hens and cook. $8, $12 and 315, Just one half

what they will cost next S)I‘illg. MRS. WILLIS

HOUGH, Pine Crest Farm. oyaJ Oak, Michigan.





 





Rose and Single comb Reds, young and old, for sale.

Correspondence as to your Red needs invited.

JENNIE BUELL, Ann Arbor, R. 8, Michigan.

RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOUTH ROCKS.



Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to age 82 to 85; P. B. hens

weight 5 to 10 lbs.. eggs 15 for $1.00- 100, 35- 120 $6





Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to age $6 to $20, 10 eggs :3. A. E. Cumton, Vassar. Mich.

Dark red





RED COCKERELS. Boil] Combs. him...“





will improve the color of your flock. Write for rice

list. Interlakes Farm, Box 39, Lawrence, Mich gen.





3. C. W. Le horns





Write for rice: on Cook birds,%ene cockerels and

pullets. verfresh Egg Farm, Box i“, Ionic, Mich.





 





 





reduced prices, balance of sea-

8- 8n "alliblll'i! E8 soon. Free delivery. R.C. white

Leghorn hens $1.00, 1 ion Hare Bucks 36.00with





e

Pedigree. RIVERVl W FARM. Vassar. Mich.





IllfVElft GOLEENtéiiND EOHITIIBS Vsi’zYslgNDgoTTES.

ggs roma me 1138. .’ Der ., . til

July lst. C. W. Browning, R. 2, Portaland.pllrllich.un

s C Buff Orgington Cockerels for breedin

o - poses. rioes reasonable. If interests

at once to Mrs. Calvin Fuller,





' Cock & Cockerels.

WIIIIB wgandOHe per 15. $4 er 50, per loo.

DAVID AY, 202 Forest Ave, ’irpsilann, Michigan.





BITE WYANDO'I‘TES. Eggs 81.50 per 15. 82.50

xéer 30. 87.00 per 100. From choice flock.

A. F ANKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor. ichigan.





While china Goose & M. Pekin Ducks





pur-



write



Bancroft, Michigan.

E gs $1 $2, $3.

sf





 





fhis is an indication of the factthat





' CLAUDIA BETTE; m m
GOMBAUU’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





A safe, speedy and





positive cure to:





curb, Splint, Swecrly, (lowed lock,

Strained Tendons, Founder ind Mn,

and an lameness from Spawn, WW

and other bony tumors.

diseases or Parasites, Thrush“ Diphtheria

Removes all Bunches from Home or

Cattle.





As a mill” REMEDY for Rhon-

Sprtlnl. Sore Throat; “0., it.





Balear- aold la

. oWSL“

I‘bc‘h rgoopaldfivlgl‘llinll d roeflo Mt?! m

on c a 20 no or

pr 'Se ndt‘ descriptive clrculom testimo-

trials. etc.





I]! umumm 000“}, Oldnlnnd. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





DEATH To HEAVES.





NEWTON'S In ammonium (Ju'l’:c





lemma cured by lot or to! SI can.

seem





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





\ ‘U" v)

1%: ‘s\





.‘n





5‘ ;"





 

 





, . ,n nix

III.‘ ».

The original and the up-to—date

Standard Voter-bury Remedy for Hooves; free booklet

“plum tully. 34 years sale and velorlnairy u.se





MES III-SAVES BY consume CAUSE-

“DIGEST“ IT’S A man CODIN-

TIIIIEI m WORM WELLER





Sale. Most economical. Excellent for Cattle and xHogs.

01.00 per can at dealers, at some priceb ylpuroo poet.





TEE NEWTGN REMEDY 00.. Toledo, Ohio





 





 

 





   

 





 





[Illl'lllllliss‘ ii g l





Bills This Flné

_Hunllnq Knife _





 

 





 





ms ‘Woodcrnrw la the biggest“

ever offered in a hunting finite;

Coehyouonly 3le yet hath. weight.

quality and dean-able teamres o: 82. 50 and $3. 00

knives. Adapted tor sticking, cleaning, skinning.



slicing. chopping bone, etc. Can also he used (gr

carving. butchering. pruning—anything. ngh—

grade stee‘ -bevel blade thick at back, tapering to a

fine point. Handle of laminated leather. Absolutely

guaranteed. Price with leuher sheath—.1.“

your dealer so: direct by mail postpnld upon receipt





"' 5551' o





. Co.,

Gun-sane, Mich" US.A.





 

   

   

 





a

Belt. Ave"





DOLLARS

Die with every Hog





Hog Cholera has put a big crimp in

many hogp ro fits. on can msure the

health andp immunity of your hogsby

using Fort Dodge Anti Hog C olera

Serum Manufactured under Federal

supervision—absolutely reliable. You

can get it fresh and quickly from the





Edwards Laboratories, Lansing, Mich





   





 





Write today for information and

prices.





Address Dept. 2. (5)





 





 





 





 





 





 





P" fed up. Get free Book and Sample 00 but.

' THE no“ FENCE & WIRE c...

Dept. 49 - - Cleveland.





 





HORSES





I’mhorons, Holstein. In as, SlimM1





D. BUELL. m In. man.





 





FOR S ALE~ [hindered PenheronBtullonallnm

, lllllecat attic-rm noble prices. In



spection invited. I". L. KING t SON. Ohnrhttmlflch

S Yen-Hun trad W culling Stud Colts.





Duroc Sp ring and Lu Either

son. 1.1. ALDRICH. mowsngmpm'

Percheron





Th FllrfloIlI SIM HIM, horses. Shortlligmmlo

momma Down cheep. n. 3. Mn. cum ma.





WANTED





homStalllon momlms





 





 





 





yenn old. Addreu Box M 93:0. M oh. Fermenbeuolt.





   

   

 

   

 





 





 





 





 





y farmers do not yet realize the

value '0! poultry as a source or income

and profit. They also fail to realize

'that the value of poultry products has

increased in proportion to the increas-

es in grain products. The possible ex-

rce‘ption at present is the price of fowls

which is being kept down by the great

sale of farm poultry at present.



This scare on the part of the farmer

is going to work to great advantage to

regulate poultry men and others who

stay in the business. With the high

prices which will be maintained for

meat, prices for poultry must go to a

higher level and. on the account of the

scarcity of laying stock eggs will be

scarcer than ever and prices are likely

to go to a higher level than ever reach-

ed before.



With the present scarcity and high

price of all protein foods instead of

selling their poultry stock farmers

should become more interested in

poultry raising and study it «to get

maximum results from it. Nothing is

profitable if done in a haphazard way

but quality products always bring me

mium prices and therefore profitable

returns.





FALL CARE OF DUCKS.





 





Early in the fall is the best time to

start in duck raising. Four or five

ducks and a drake furnish a. very good

start. When ducks‘ are yarded one

drake to four ducks will insure good

hatches. On free range one drake

will take care of five ducks. The

drakes must not be related to the fe-

males, and a drake one year old is the

best if he is vigorous and well de-

veloped.



No more than 25 or 30 breeding

ducks should occupy one house or

yard. And if too many drakes are kept

the eggs will not run as high in fertil-

ity, and besides 'there is danger of

some of the females being killed by

the over activity of the drakes,



If you have a nice flock of first-class

ducks don’t sell them off too close in

the fall; keep a large enough flock to

insure a full egg basket. Duck eggs

are always in good demand for pure

bred and kept up to the standard.





Ducks should never be picked later

than the last of September, they need

their plumage late in the fall to pro-

tect them from cold and dampness.

The feathers are nicer when the birds

have a pond or stream to swim in.

When ducks in a dry place look dirty

it is a good plan to give them a gal-

vanized tub or tank of water for a

bath occasionally.



The average person may have good

success with ducks from the start.

They offer possibilities of profit worth

considering. With ducks we have no

roup or cholera to contend with, no

lice or mites, no trouble with frozen

combs or scaly legs. Less expensive

ybuildings will answer for ducks than

are needed for hens. The young ducks

are easily raised, rapid growers, and

there is always a good demand for the

feathers True the\ are a nuisance

when permitted to run with chickens.

Why not yard them separately? A

three-foot fence will confine ducks. If

you do not have grass ground enough

for ducks a good green food may be

had by sowing rape broadcast.



Indiana. FRANCES WOOD.





 





A DOLLAR_AND A HALF A HEN.





 





There is profit in keeping a good

poultry flock. This was shown by a

flock of White Leghorn pullets at the

University of Missouri. From 50 to

60 birds were housed in an open-front

mapoultry house with a yard 100 feet

square which was sowed to wheat in

the fall. This furnished green food in

the late fall and early spring and was

not charged against their feed bill.



In a year’s‘time the fowls consumed

2,693 pounds of grain and 962 pounds

of mash. The total cost of the feed

was $66.27. In estimating this cost

the following prices per 100 pounds





 





 





were used: Wheat $1.66; corn $1.60;





bran $1.20; corn meal 31.75;“ shorts

$1.40; beef seraps $3.25. These prices

are'higher than the feed would bring

if sold by the farmer, but at that the

flock returned a good profit. They pro‘

duced a total of 8,057 eggs at a food

cost of 101/2 cents a dozen. At the pre-

vailing prices the eggs sold for $157.17,

thus giving a total profit of $90.90. The

results per month were as follows:





 





 





Month. Eggs. Per Ct. Price Value.

/ Produc. per

.. per M0. dozen.

Nov. . . 337 4.1 .30 $ 8 42

Dec. 215 2.6 .35 6. 30

Jan. .. 300 3.7 .40 10.00

Feb. . . 552 6.85 .30 13.80

Mar. . . 993 12.3 .25 20.69

Apr . .1124 13.9 .20 19.07

May . .1005 12.44 .20 16.75

June .. 921 11.81 .20 l 15.35

July . .1059 13.1 .20 17. 65

Aug. . . 880 10.9 .20 14. 65

Sept. 478 5.9 25 9. 95

Oct. 193 2.4 .30 4.57

Total 8057 100% Av. 23.4 $157.17





At an average price of 23.4 cents. a

dozen the hens returned a profit of a

dollar and a half apiece above the cost

of feed. Even at an average price of

20 cents a dozen the hens doubled the





. value of the feed.





They were fed as a. scratch food a

mixture of two parts cracked corn and

one part wheat. The mash consisted

of equal parts,of bran, shorts, corn

meal, and beef scrap. Grit, oyster

shell and water were kept before the

birds all the time.





Mo. Ag. Col. H. L. KEMPSTER.





 





POULTRY PROBLEMS.





Would the eggs from June pul-

lets be strong enough to hatch in the

incubator next March it an older male

is used?



A. H.





Antrim Co.



Yes. The pullets should have been

laying two months by that time. The

eggs and chicks will both be rather

small, but good care should bring the

chicks up to average weight. I should

suggest filling the incubator as soon as

it is possible to get eggs enough 'of

fair size. The chicks will bring a good

price as broilers.



What system

ing chicks?



The colony system is becoming more

popular every year. During the past

two years greater progress has been

made in brooding than in any other

branch of the poultry industry. The

new coal—heated brooders hover up to

500 chicks, are easily cleaned, self reg-

ulating and as simple to operate as a

base burner. Whether oil or coal heat

is used it is best to keep each flock in

a house by itself. These houses should

be portable so they can be moved from

place to place as often as fresh pas-

ture is needed. It often happens, even

to the most experienced breeders, that

an epidemic of some sort will clean

out all, or the greater part of an entire

brood. By keeping the broods sep-

arated it is easy to prevent the disease





is best for brood-

A. H.





from spreading from one to another!





Van Buren Co. C. N. WIIITTAKER.





INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF HENS.





 





The poultry husbandman of the

Pennsylvania Station found that hens

taken from the same general flock and

previously fed on the same or similar

rations developed pronounced prefer-

ences in feeding, preferences which

persisted throughout the entire period

of observation. One hen, for example,

promptly selected a ration of corn,

wheat and scrap, with a very large

proportion of corn, and that ration re-

mained characteristic of her through-

out the year. The proportions varied

and on lighter laying in ‘the’second

season wheat consumption decidedly

increased, but her corn preference per«

sisted to the end. Hens that showed

and indisposition to consume enough

oyster shell properly to inclose the

eggs were given ten grains of powder-

ed oyster shell daily in capsules. The

shells resumed their normal strength,

thicknesfis and texture.





 





 





 





 





W0 A. M. - inky



dark— that’s when



Big Ben starts the

Milkman’ 8 day.





Out of bed like a boy

on the Fourth— nudges

Big Ben to a hush—

takes up the tune as he

whistles to work.





Try Big Ben yourself a

little earlier. See how he'll

bring you the cream of the

day with minutes a-plenty

for every task. And you'll

take up his tune and smile

through the day.





He's seven inches. tall.

spunky, neighborly—down-

right good.





At your jeweler’s, $2.50 in

the United States, $3.00 in

Canada. Sent prepaid on

receipt of price if your jeweler

doesn’t stock him.





Western Clock Co.





La Salle, m. U. S. A. Makers of Westclox





Other Westclow: Baby Ben. Pocket Ben. Bingo.

America. Sleep-Meter, Lookout and Ironclad.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





you my big free book of nifty new

1916 buggies. 1 want you to see

the stunning rigs and the bargains

I am offering season at rim

that leave you from $20 to $40 hink

of it! You can now get a light- -running,

easy riding, long life, genuine.





SPLIT HICKORY

$39.25 and “0. Guaranteed





2 years. Remembcrl

give 30 days free real! test to

ove the quality. Catalog shows

undreds a. other snappy styles

-— all at money saving prices.

Write for the big Free Book today.

H. G. Phelps. Pres.





nu: clue muss—b MFG. co.

III/IIIIIIWII/IIIA hi





Quaker City Feed Mills





Grind corn and cobs,‘ feed,

table meal and alfalfa

On the market 50 years.



an power. fistyles.

80 . FREE TRIAL.

write for catalogook and farm





’ é

W\\\\\\\h‘ 37f





 





 





 





 

   

   

 





 





rm: A. w. smAua co.



Ml 04727 3731 mum Philadclm



. = . l-ml-am anal-luau...-

STEEL





4 Empire wear-15°





Wathecastperyearon basisofoer-

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32" Writeforcamlogand pneel.





mummm ml-





mention the MIdugan' ' Fuller

whenwriling to advertisers.





   

 





 





 





Ahoy:
5925"!“





Get Our Freight Paid

OFFER





 

   





 





 





Don't

consider

investing your

money in roofing,

ceiling, siding, etc.

until you have received our Roof-

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Lowest Prices Ever

Made 0n World’s

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"Rea” Metal

Cluster Shingle:





 

 

 





   

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

 





 

 

 





 





 

 





Edward: Patent

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“are"

Metal Shingles





are rust-proof on





 

 





%h





 

     

     





edges as well as

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The Edwards Manufacturing Company.

1017-1057 "Pike Street, Cincinnati. Ohio





I

:WEH_ I I 0K COUPON

.1..l. .1.

The Edwards Manufacturing Company.

1017-1067 Pike Street. Cincinnati. Ohio

Large." Maker: of Sheet Metal Product: in World

Please send FREE Samples Freight Paid Prices and

World’s Greatest Roofing Book No. 1067.





Ready-Made Fire~Proof Steel

Gsra es. Set 11 any place.

Post brings arage Book

showing all sizes, styles, etc.





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





E have been discussing briefly

the money value of milk com-

pared with other animal food



products. In the considerations forcr

ed upon the consumer by the ever-in—





eral we have been much impressed

with our findings that milk is by far

cheaper at the present time than prac-

tically any other animal food product.





which now retails in Detroit for 16

cents per quart, there is no immediate

probability of the consumer’s being

compelled to pay anywhere near the

value which we have placed upon milk

as in keeping with what are probably

conservative prices for other animal

food products. Consequently from the

standpoint of economy alone there is

abundant reason for increasing mate-

rially the amounts of milk which are

used in the dietary and cutting down

accordingly other animal food pro-

ducts, such as eggs, beef steaks, oys-

ters, and the like.



We now come to a consideration of

the true relatiOnship of milk to the

human diet and in this connection we

wish to discuss briefly the possibilities

of changing the composition of milk in

a herd of cows at the will of the

dairyman. .The first question which

forces itself to our attention is, “What

are the conditions which call forth the

secretion of milk by mammals?”



Milk Secretion a Natural Maternal



Impulse.



We all know, but few sufficiently

realize, the very intimate relati‘onship

which exists between milk secretion

and the arising maternal instincts in

the animal. So commercial has the

business of milk production become





 





Address .................. . ............... . ..............

——————_——





 





Destroy Smuts





Cleanse all seed grains with For-

maldehyde solution before plant-

ing as it positively destroys smuts,

of wheat, oats, barley, rye, etc.

It prevents scab and black-leg dis-





cases of potatoes, also cucumber and

onion rot and cabbage diseases, etc.





[17W





‘E’he Farmers Friend





Every farmer' who 15 in business for

big profits should use Formaldehyde,

as it has the approval of the U. 5.

Dept. of Agriculture. Formaldehyde

at your dealer, one pint 35 cents treats

40 bushels of seed. Our new Hand





.8001: is free—write to-day.





PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL WORKS

100 WlLLlAM STREET NEW YORK 4





 





 





SAVE

$309.0





In your own hame of these light,

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tells all about these over- wearing.

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Try-bu or.





Address postalm





 





 





that dairymen and consumers as well

have in many instances almost forgot-

ten that it is the utilization of the ma-

ternal instincts of animals which ac-

counts for the supplying of milk at all.

Primarily, therefore, milk secretion is

for the proper nourishment through

the period of its early existence of the

offspring of the cow, and we naturally

therefore may be prepared to expect

that the composition of milk is such

as to accomplish this specific aim, that

is, the nourishment of the growing

young calf through such a period of its

existence as it is incapable of properly

subsisting on other forms of nourish~

ment.



The peculiarity of animals, the nour-

ishment of the young through a lac-

teal secretion of the parent, is one of

the most interesting phenomena which

is exhibited in nature. Itsis this con-

dition which is responsible for the

wonderful balance of constituent food

materials which exists in milk. In no

other product is such a wonderful bal-

ance maintained. So conspicuous is

this that milk has been termed the

one perfect food. We know now that

if perfection consists in the fact that

it contains some of all of the different

materials which are needed for life

and for growth, milk is the one per-

fect food, but inasmuch as it was in-

tended by nature to be given to the

offspring of mammals during the first

short periods of their existence it may

be assumed that while it is a perfect

food for young animals, and human

milk likewise a. perfect food for in-

fants, it does not necessarily indicate

that it is a. perfect food for adults, or

cow’s milk for grown animals.



Some Interesting Comparisons.



To show some of the differences

which exist in milk in different types

of animals we give herewith the gen-

eral composition of several different

types of milk. Let us take, for in‘

stance, human milk. We find the com-





position to be as follows:





 





We“ Motel Shooco. Per Cent

43.1211. 111.. "WWW" Total proteids ................... 1. 7

Fat ............................. g. 3



Milk sugar ......................



'1' h t P t t d P



.SPATENTS Sden . dsketch 001' °IliIcode'luf'or 568.:Ch ASh ...................... . ...... 0. 2

BOOKS AND ADVICE F R E E _ - —-

InuonE. CommPatentLaws/er Vlashmgtmbm. Total schds . . . . . . .......... . . .11.7





creasing cost of food materials in gen- As





With the exception of certified milk F t





 

 





The Food Value of Milk





. By FLOYD W. ROBISON





The general composition of cow’s

milk is as follows:





Per Cent.



Total proteids ......... . . . . . . . . . .5

Fat ..................... -.........37

Milk sugar ...................... 4. 9,

h ............................ . 0. 7





Total solids ............... . . . .12.8

The composition of goat’s milk:





Per Cent.



Total proteids ............. . ..... 4. 3

a ............................. 4.8

Milk sugar ..................... . 4.5

Ash ............................. 0.8

Total solids ............... . . .14.4





The very conspicuous difference in

the analysis of human milk from that

of other mammals is first seen in the

very great difference in the amount of

mineral matter, or ash. Human milk

contains on the average 0.2 per cent

of ash, or mineral matter. Cow’s milk

and goat’s milk contain from 0.7 to 0.8

per cent ash, practically four times as

much mineral matter as human milk.

It appears from these analyses that

the demands .of the growing calf for

mineral matter constituents is very

much greater than is that of the grow-

ing child, and that this is the case

must be readily apparent to anyone

who considers the difference in the

rapidity of growth of a child and a

young calf. The amount of bony struc—

ture which it is necessary to build into

the frame work of a young dairy ani-

mal is enormous compared with the

amount that is necessary in the case

of a child. And yet we are familiar

with the fact that this mineral content

is not sufficient in either the case of

the child or in the growing young ani-

mal beyond a certain period of time,

and many physiological, chemists have

assumed on this account that any pe-

riod in the life of the young where the

demands of its system indicate the

need of more mineral matter than can

be furnished in the ash of the milk

upon which it is feeding is the time

when supplemental articles of food

should be introduced into the diet.



ariation in Composition Due to Breed



Characteristics.



In studying the composition of milk

of any one animal the chemist is con-

scious of many changes in composition

as the period of lactation advances.

These variations consist in changes in

the percentage of total proteids,

changes in the percentage of fat, and

other changes which seem to be the

response by nature of the parent ani-

mal’s system to the demands of the

growing young. For instance, it has

been recognized for some time that

the proportion of proteid material in

milk is considerably greater at the

time of birth and for the first short pe-

riod thereafter than during any other

period, and this difference in composi-

tion seems to bear absolutely no rela-

tionship to the food consumed.



Feed will not Change Breed Char-



acteristics.



Experiment stations and experiment-

ors the world over have been trying

for years to ascertain what relation-

ship did exist between milk composi-

tion and the -composition of the food

consumed. Results varying greatly

have been obtained. In most of these

experiments the cause of the secretion

of milk has largely been lost sight of.

While its production as far as dairy

cows is concerned has been placed

very largely upon a commercial basis,

at the same time milk production is

impossible in the entire absence of the

maternal relationship, and we think

enough importance has not been at-

tached to a proper consideration of

this relationship.



It is because we have had this fea-

ture continually before our mind that

we have been slow to believe it possi-

ble to materially and essentially

change the composition of milk

through any particular type of feed-

ing. When we realize, as shown in

these compiled analyses what an es-





5111111111, racial difference there is" in





the composition Of human milk, for in- -





stance, from that of cow’s' milk or

goat’s milk, and we might show this

variation much more extensively did

we emphasize the difference shown in

the composition of the milk of other

mammals such as dogs, cats, sheep,

horses, etc., it must be realized that

the chances of any material change of

composition because of food are very

slight indeed.



Give the Cow a Fair Chance and Let



Nature do the Rest.



A dairy cow and a goat may be fed

upon exactly the same material with

an exactly identical nutritive ratio,

and the difference in the composition

as far as proteids, sugar, fat, etc., are

Concerned will be much more striking

than is shown in different dairy cows.

So that we are very much strengthen-

ed in our ideas that the question of

composition of milk from dairy'ani-

mals must be arranged for not

through feeding but through breeding.

We know that there are important dif-

ferences in the composition of milk of

different types of dairy animals. For

instance, Jersey cows and Holsteins,

Guernseys and Shorthorns, all have

breed characteristics by which we rec;

ognize variations in composition of

milk and prominent successful dairy-

men now know that it is not a profit-

able thing to attempt to change the

composition of a cow’s milk through

any such expedient as change of feed.

Whatever the physiological structure

of a cow is set by nature to produce,

that she will produce, provided she is

given a chance, and regardless of the

composition of the food which she con-

sumes. There will be more or less

regular changes in the composition of

that milk but these changes will be

due to the effort of nature to make

provisions for the changing conditions

of the young calf for which that milk

is primarily secreted.





 





.—_





EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE.





 





In a series of experiments to deter-

mine the value of distillers’ dried

grains as a feed, alone and in combi-

nation with other feeds, for hogs on

pasture, the Kentucky Station select-

ed four lots of from 10 to 15 pigs each

and fed them 73 days. Lot 1 was al-

lowed the run of a pasture of rape and

oats, and fed all the distillers’ dried

grains it would eat without waste. Lot

2 was allowed the same kind of pas-

ture and given from 2.5 to 3 per cent

of its weight in corn meal per day.

Lot 3 was given a similar pasture and

allowed from 2.5 to 3 per cent of its

weight per day of a mixture of corn

meal and distillers’ dried grains 5:1.

For comparative purposes, the fourth

lot was confined in a dry lot and given

a full feed of corn meal and distillers’

dried grains 5:1. These lots made av-

erage daily gains per head of 0.456,

0.931, 1.027, and 0.883 pounds, requir-

ing 3.68, 3.44, 3, and 4.44 pounds of

grain per pound of gain, and costing,

not considering the cost of the pasture

4.97, 4.95, 4.27, 6.32 cents per pound of

gain for the respective lots.





 





BUTTER-FAT lNVESTlGATlON.





 





A southern scientist has found that

cottonseed oil may be detected in the

butter made from cows fed cottonseed

meal within 12 to 36 hours after first

feeding. From the time of the first

appearance the test for cottonseed oil

became more pronounced, until the

seventh day, when the'influence of the

oil appears to be at its maximum. Af-

ter two, four, and six weeks continu-

ous feeding of oil the effect is no more

pronounced, in most cases even less,

than at the end of the first week.

When the oil is removed from the rar

tion its effect apparently disappears

within one or two weeks. The results

would indicate that the oil is not

transferred directly to the milk fat,

but enters. the milk fat only~ after it

has undergone some change in the

animal body.





'1





 

 





 

 

 





 





0' ~.





Li,





. .





 





_ w ,
1"“ hf





 





3)“ ~.





.f,





. .





 





 





 

 





 





 

 





 

 

 





_ that they were amply re





Associational Motto:



"The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”





 





Associations} Sentiment: ' ‘

“The Farmer: He garners from the





soil the primal wealth of nations.”

”FARMERS" CLUB EXPERIENCE.





One of the most interesting features

of the annual meeting of the Michigan

State Association of Farmers’ Clubs is

the conference of local Club workers

in which the experiences of many 10-

cal Clubs along various lines are

brought to the attention of Club mem-

bers of other sections of the state.



There are a great many features of

local Club work which could profitably

be brought to the attention of Club

members in other sections just at this

season of the year before the plans for

the winter are completed. One of the

special features of Club work which is

becoming quite general is the Club

fair. Another which is somewhat less

pepular but equally or perhaps more

profitable "where it has beer. tried cut

is the lecture course' which may be

made a pleasurable combinationnof en-

tertainment and education for the

Club members and often a source of

income for the Club where general ad-

missions a‘e sold to outside people.



One of the most novel special fea-

tures which we have heard of being.

tried in local Farmers’ Clubs is the

use of stereopticon lectures with views

for illustrating same which are provid-

ed free of charge by several govern-

ment departments. In this way the

engineering features of the Panama



.Canal can be seen, the interesting and

beautiful scenery of the National

Parks may be shown, the best meth-

ods of road construction may be illus-

trated, etc., at practically no expense

except for the use of a lantern for

throwing the pictures on the screen.

Generally there is sufiicient talent in

any Farmers’ Club to present these

prepared lectures in a satisfactory and

creditable manner if sufficient time is

given to study or memorizing them.

An educational meeting of this" kind

can be combined with social gather-

ings to the great advantage of all con-

cerned. ,



There are doubtless very many oth-

er forms of special entertainment or

profitable work being" enjoyed or con-

templated by Farmers’ Clubs in var-

ious sections of the state. In every

case where any feature out of the ordi-

nary is being introduced into the sea-

son's program of Club work, it should

be reported for publication in this de-

partment to the end that other Clubs

may profit by the inspiration and ex-

ample.





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





' Will Hold Annual Fair.—-—Washing-

ton Center Farmers’ Club met at

Shoreland, the home of Mrs. William

Brown, Thursday, September 21. After

the opening exercises, miscellaneous

business was taken up which consist-

ed principally in making arrangements

for the Club Fair, which will 'be held

at Washington Center, at the home of

Mr. and Mrs. B. S. Gilman, Thursday,

October 12. To be sure of having

speakers for the day the Club decided

to extend an invitation to all condi-

dates who are running for office at the

fall election from president down.

Roll call was responded to by giving a

good recipe. It was learned that the

men not only know how to keep good

neighbors but are well versed in the

culinary art. After a select reading,

music on the phonograph, and ques-

tion box, which revealed same ofthe

automobile laws, the Club was served

to sandwiches, coffee, ”cake and salad.

The Club adjourned, each one feeling

id for meet-

ing with Mrs. Brown an family.



A Pioneer Meeting—Another suc-

cessful meeting of the Howell Farm-





 





. ers’ Club was held in September at the





home of Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Beckm’th.

One pleasing feature. of the meeting





 





   

 





 

 





 





1“- AA AA W33.





 





 





   





.H- ‘l H! -.





Our Mottoz— ‘The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





I ' . l“





 





 





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.

Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh-

Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sing. - - '

Secretary-Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.

Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.

Executive Committee—C. S. Bart-

lett, Pontiac; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit

Ridge: J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W.

F. Taylor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh,

Sault Ste. Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimon-

dale; Burr Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Charlevoix County Pomona Grange,

which was held at Marion Center, on

Thursday, September 14, was repre-

sented by Ellsworth, Ironton, Boyne

City and South Arm Granges. The af-

ternoon session was opened by John

Knudsen, acting as Pomona Master.

The following program was rendered:

Song, Grange melodies; solo, Mrs. R.

Wooley; talk, B. Holcomb; solo, Mrs.

Frank Hammond; recitation, Mrs.

Grace McElroy; story—— John Knud-

sen. After recess Grange opened in

the fifth degree. Supper was served

by the ladies and the evening session

was opened by Ira Olney. The follow-

ing program followed: Song by the

Grange; talk, Mr. Holcomb; reading,

Helen Pulcipher; solo, Mrs. Wooley;

talk, May E. Stewart; solo, Ira Olney;

talk, Mrs. McNeill. After the meeting

was over a few members were initial.—

ed in the fifth degree.



West Crockery Grange had a very

interesting program although very lit-

tle preparation was made for it. A

number of the members attended the

fair at Grand Rapids and gave some

very amusing accounts. Mr. and Mrs.

Charles Maliahan were elected dele-

gates. McCleave and Viola Easterly

alternated to attend the annual county

convention at Tallmadge, October 3.

August Hosteadt furnished some very

good selections on the violin. One in-

cident marred the pleasures of the ev-

ening. The young people were all do—

ing stunts after Grange and Miss Vi-

ora Easterly lost her balance and fell,

striking on her head and shoulders.

Her scalp was cut and she received

other minor bruises. A dance will be

held at the Grange hall, October 14.





COMING EVENTS.





 





On account of the Eaton county fair

the meeting of Eaton Rapids Grange

was postponed until the next regular

meeting time, which occurs October

11, at 7:30 p. 111. By order of worthy

master.





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

was that every person on the program

was present and prepared to respond

when called upon. The pioneer scheme

was also well carried out, as quite a

few were clad wholly or in part with

clothing of an earlier day, and many

relics adorned the dining-room table.

The exercises were opened by Club

singing, “Auld Lang Syne.” At the

conclusion of this part of the program

Mrs. J. S. Brown, in a very feeling

manner, read a poem entitled, “Out to

Old Aunt Mary’s,” written by James

Whitcomb Riley. Miss Mable Risch

followed with a well rendered recita-

tion, “A Kiss at the Door.” Mrs. Fred

Bucknell sang a beautiful temperance

solo, “Has Father Been Here,” and

Mrs. John Payne read a selection writ-

ten under the caption, “W'e shall Wear

Out.” This was a comparison of the

methods _of wearing out. We were

destined to wear out physically, but it

remained for us to decide in which

way one was to wear ourselves out in

a life of service to others and reap the

just rewards of such a service;

while the other was to live a. self-cen-

tered narrow life, out of harmony .with

our surroundings, in short sow selfish-

ness and reap nothing. - Mrs. Edward

Houghtaling then read a humorous se<

lection entitled, “The Spelling Bee.”

To all of the older members this num-

ber brought back many vivid and hap-

py remembrances of the old-time spell-

ing school. Miss Blanche Crandall

followed with a very interesting and

timely paper upon the subject, “The

Newspaper as a Social Force.” This





paper emphasized the importance of

the daily paper, and was also a plea

for an improvement of the same. Mrs.

Claude Burkhart then gave a very pa-

thetic recitation entitled,





“The First





 





“ll—SIXTY HEAD—6

"Olloslor White and O. LO. Swine





Will be offered at Public Sale at





Rolling View Stock Farm,

Cass City, Michigan, On





October l7, l9l6





This offering includes our famous show herd, the Grand

Champion Boar School Master 52707, who won more cham-

pionships and defeated more champions than any other boar

in 1915, and 20 of his get. This is the place to buy useful

foundation Stock as well as prize winning blood. Free Hotel

accommodations to buyers from a distance.





ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM





Harry 1'. Grandell, Prop.





AUCTIONEERS: Ed Bowers and Deford of Indiana,





Andy

Adams, Litchfield,lMich. Fred Moore, Field Man.





 





Gina and sows. Bred :0: Mar. and

large I 3 P. c- April lax-row. Slrcd by Big Des

Moinea, lg Knox Jr..ahd Glam. Defender. Bred to Big

Knox Jr. Smooth W onder 3 and Fig Jumbo, fourgreat-

est boars in state. Como or write. WJC. l.ivingston.Parma,Mich.





 





Ra'i’ééfiha’tjerylz'hites, 7%.;





BIG Type P. (1—100 pigs of Mar. and Apr. farrow.

either sex. sired by Big; Typo King ’l‘esvmmer A.

Wonder Jr. and Mow‘s Big ”one. “'0 pay exp. charges

and record free. W. Bren-baker & Sons, Elsie, Mich.





‘Lili'é This

, merizinal big producer?

, é ‘ 97/

//





 





- lth , 1 s ._

For Sale Poland China: Emir 3335.133 33%.. $3..

P. D. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids, Mich.





 





HAVE startcdthousandlofbreedersontheroadto

success. lean help you. ‘Itw‘agtt: knee “3:131:10 frrgrn

"......'"fi...."es.‘“.‘l‘;..m"ml’3 gm ms POLAND L‘HINAS’WW" .3... ....





[If e type P. C. Bows and gilts all retained for my

g ljeb. Sale. A few choice Spring boars ready to

chip. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Michigan.





for ore Money from llogs.‘ plenscyml. prior-ll right.





a 8. 3333mm. 3. r. n. 10 Portland, Michigan . w. I—IOLTON. Route 11. Kalamazoo Michigan,





 





 





 





Poland China Pigs, either sex, poll's not:

akin. Ox ford sheep. both sex and Short-

ROBERT NEVh. Pierson. Michigan.





For Big lype P. O. 2‘53?





Armstrong Bros. , R. :5





 





largo Stile





horn Bulls.





Boars and Gilts bred for

arrow. Write or call on

Fowlervllle. Mich





‘ suck For Sale-J" Am





Sums-dam .3 lumni-mum II ll. : ' Bred Sows and gllts for August and

- . all")! I" Wlfle. September farrow 3. Spring pigs,

both sex. FLOYD M YERS, R. No. 9. Decatur. Ind.





-m-n—u—nn

nuns-m...

« INF—uh-





 





 





 





llrlgM-ldo Form?





 





, , .

Gm“ M” ”'c’“ Gnowrl-nr THE DISEASE

- Pnounc ”MULEFOOT" RESIST-

B rin boars read for service. Gilc-

0’ '0 0" ggod ognes. Satisfagtion Guaranteed. PROFITABLE HOG ING





A. R. GRAHAM. Flint. Mlchlu‘nn.





 





FOUNDATION srocx mom BEST moon or an“.

THE CAHILL FARMS

IIMMAZOO - - - - MICHIGAN

. .. 1.

gulscsw'“ .. '



HAMPSHIRE SWINE 3‘13?“





to furrow about . eptember first.

a.

registered. John W. Snyder, R. 4, St. Johns. .lVlich.





O. l. C. Stock all Sold





JULIAN P. CLAXTON. Swarm Creek. Mich.





 





 





A. J. GORDEN. B. No. 2. Don. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





I Palrs'and Trlos no akin. 2 Re . “

o- '- c. . Holstein bullet? and 8 months old. "AMPSH'RES Bonin,!sows._gilts and

Cloverleaf Stock Farm. Monroe. Mich.. B. No. l. A E BACON&BON giggfldagluM-efituok.

‘ ' v , IC lgzln.

o I a Choice Gilbl bred for fall Farrow and Spring

' 0 I Pigs. Prize Winning Stock. Write for low SHEEP.

price A. V. HATT. Grass Lake, Michigan.





 





 





0 I c Swine and Reg. Holstelns, few boar pigs of

I o . Ma {arrow at a reasonable price,qunlity con-

sidered. EL ER E. SMITH. Redford, Michigan. ~

, rI fwirll hp at. (lithe Sta‘tetll‘ailr’ witlh ‘fO field rams. All



. a o o sac an are a 161,0? unl- t nan :u w . .

o I ”’8 Yearling boars: bred Bows and J My Dies of in Detroit in recent years. KoPE-lclolv $25.27?

“I. to a *A No. I A * quality at reasonable prices. 5, L. WING, Ptop'y. Kinderhook Mich.



r1 me. ‘ - ' V





H. F. BAKER, Cheyboygzm, Mi(.

0,, l. C. [1003 Ill. Ingloside Farm





as a good supply of





 





 





will not make a show of Shrop-

ahxres at the faint this full but





. . _ . ' tered rams and breedin



Fme April Gills and Males. Pairs no relation. At 3 ”Am“ ‘ R



bargain iftaken at once. J. R. Way, Three River-*1. MiCh- ggfgpggl‘regmlet us 1151.63,.“ are m need 0: any

H E. POWELL. IONIA, MICH.





 





 





O l 0,5 4 last filill lion? bigigrowthy

. o 0 . , r.

3...}... .3... not akin. 13923.”... f; ”3.113%." $532231? S H R 0 PS H l R E S





0“" B- Schulze. ' ‘ Nashville, llchlgan Afcwchoice Rams. Dan Booher. R. 4., Evart, Mich.





' yearlings and ram lambs. One two year

0 l C & Chester White Sh'OPshn'e old stock mm. All of bestwool~mutton

’ ° ' type. G. P. A NDREWS, Danovllle, Michigan.

Strictlly Big ’l‘ype.Ap’ril boars large enough for ser- , . ‘

2A. 2A “A" As swim.” AAA“... ‘11:.“ For Sale: Assess. "Alas. 2212:

um s m pairs :1 In. are con rec in e L .5, ‘

type for 13 years. The kind that till the rift; bar-ref good ewe lambs, also yenrllfig Rug lutml) Mina. Elmer

’. 21110 as er. [(3 lgan.





Newman's Stock Farm, Mariette. lch. R. l. l. Bowers, R. R. No. ‘1,

Am offering a few large ram

ShropShires lambs at reasonable prices.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan,





Good yearling field Rams and

OXIOI'II DOW" Ship. ewes of all ages for sale.

M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





0R SALE: 35 head ot‘ thoroughbred 0. T. C. hogs

will be sold at my annual hog sale Oct. 16. Write

E. B. Milett. Fowler-ville. Michigan.





Largo Strain ‘P. 6.123.321.3'





Gilts to farrow in Aug, Sept. and 064).. set one of





for catalog.





 





 





these sows with pigs b Bid“ 0 Xf()l d S I I e e . 20 llama.

H. 0. s ARTZ. Schoolc ft, M‘ h‘ . I ' 20 Ew '

’3 ‘° ‘3“ EARL c. MCCARTY, Bad xe. Michicae;





 





 





AT HALF PRIC E





Genuine big type Poland China Hogs, Bred sown,

Spring Pigs, Boats read for Service. Special. the

beat his type fall year ing boar in‘ Michigan. Also

registered Percheron Stallion! and ties.



J. C. BUTLER. Portland, Mich" Bell Phone.





Ii 1’ . POIIII‘ chin” Sp‘ring boars. “reasonable

”En-’3‘. A. woon 3333?. nun}. mam?





0

Poland China Spring Pig's

“E msaeT&“m.%Ptt“°3m“Sofimm 2.1“”... its;

stretchy. splendid lndlvlduals, with best .

Plus from such mating- will you. Get our prime,





HILLORES‘I’ FARM





KALIIAZOO. HIGH.





OXFORD DOWN RAMS AND EWl-IS





O. M. YORK, Millington, Michigan.





Iloglslmd Oxford Down Hams For Sale.

Olmsted E. Spoons. - Muir, Mich.





I“. ‘r.ai Ohio flockof Mel-mos and Dolameu, good





size, oily fleeces, heavy shearer-a. riced to

sell. Write wants. 8. H. Sanders, Ashtabul’ . Ohio.





FOR SALE Registered American

I. n.- ooanv, Maple napldlf'fi‘igi‘égwhm‘

FOR SALE Pumdfitdlglnarhim

Wm. 0. SMITH. Rochester, Mich.

F" 3". Thoroughbred Ramhoullott Rams 815.“) a





head. F.O.B.here, also breedlnc ewes, Rams

lad ewe lambs. J. W. Graham, R. l, Duisburg, Mich.





' ~Yearlimz and ram lamb. from Chi Io .

“Mi." flock of Thumb of Mich. Also selectnl‘igrl:





 





 





0R BALE. P. 0. “Biz '1‘ ”bred for

1 now Extra months





 





Settler’s Story.”





 





 





a . at. March and

April pin. 8.0.3. I m ILW. Mills. ‘SaltnoJflch. tire swine. Elmhurat. Stock Farm. Almont. Mlch.‘
338.2...30 V,





 





' ' TH s 5M it c Hi





 





   





 





 





 





 





c1. RRfI-ICEDI'IRS; DIRECTORY. h Son V. 0f i King 0f the ,Ponfiacs and Hilldale" gallium"!!!mnmlmmmnmuminmmnuunmnumlmImnmmmmmmmmmg

‘ ange o opy or ance alons inns reac us 0 , , ~ g . E ' E

Ten Days 1...... we 0f Wham Segis one of the Best Daughters of King Segis g Veterinary. g

CATTLE . ' Ill|lllllIllllIllnllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllIllllllll|IlllllllI|llllllllmllllllllllllllllfll;





ABERDEEN ANGUS





We have a choice lot of Bull Calves, that are 6to 12

months old and another cro coming. I will be

pleased to have you visit our arm, where we have a

stock show every day; we will also have a show herd

at the Michigan State Fair. U. L. K,

Hunters Creek, Mich. SIDNEY SMITH, Manager.





~ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN - ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS only.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





Borses.

WOODCOTE STOCI§ FARM. Ionia. Mich.





 





 





‘YRSH'REs—One of the foremost dairy breeds. The

most economical milk reducers. ,Oalves

for sale. White Leghorn cockere s; Duroo Jersey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint.Mlchigun.





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





 





eg. Guernsey Bulls, serviceable ago. great grand

one of Gov. Chene, also grade Guernsey and Jersey heifers

6 wks old 520 each. Avondale Stock Farm, Wayne, Mich





of service age and calves from

Guernsey Buns choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS, Route l. Battle Ceeek, Mich.





 





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

,(i UERNSEYS





Average yearly production 422.3 lbs. of fat, three

fourths of them making their records as two y_car

olds. By the use of a pure bred sue, a big im-

provement can soon be attained if the right

selection is made. The breeding of the Beach

Farm Herd is as good as can be found, . and we

guarantee them to be free from contaglous dlS-

cases and to be satisfactory in every way or

money refunded. Write and let us tell you about

em.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE,





Coldwater, Michigan.





Closing' Out Sale of Guernseys





Must be sold at once—Two splendid registered Guern-

sey Cows. Nettie G, 37640, 5 years old, due to cnlve Nov.

2. A. It. Cow 441 lbs. b.f, as a 2 year old. Sequel’s BiJou

of LaCroisc 35970 5 years old. due to calve October 10.

Also herd bull 28078. Golden Noble’s Pride of Winder-

mere a grandson of Golden Noble II, also fine register-

ed Jersey 5 years old and Heifer calf. Part cash, bal-

ance bankable notes. Farm 2% miles north. 56 mile

west of Watervliet. Mich. Priced to sell, buyer first on

s 1: will get burglains. Address for further particulars



0 owner.J.K.B atchford, Auditorium Tower, Chicago,Ill.





G U E R N 8 BY 83%Iifi}%§¥fir%g

Containin blood of world champions.

HICKS' OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





GUERNSEYS .10 choice yearling and two year old

'Guernsey Heifers—bred. $250 to

8350 each. J. M.Williams. North Adams, Michigan.





Re istered Guernsey bull calves.

For salel Begen to ten months old. Good

breeding. J. O. Ranney. De Witt. Mich. R. D. 1.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Servrce.



From a grand daughter of The King of the

Pontiacs. Sired by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a30 lb. 6% f fat dau liter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndykqwho has more 0 lb.

daughters than any other living bull, If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





ROLSTEIN BULLS FOR SALE





3 of them 1 year old in Nov. By 31 lb. sire. Dams



above 21 lbs. as heifers. Price $100. Younger bulls



by son ofJohanna McKinley Segis $50. up.

BLISSVELDT FARMS. Jenilon, Michigan





 





 





 





30 lb bull for sale, 2 years old, by a son of King of

, the Pontiacs. Dam sold for $1000 in Detroit sale.





Ferd. J. Lance. Sebewaing. Mich.





“10 P N 0TC ll ” Holsteins





By careful retention, for many years, of largest? re-

ducing females. and use of superior sires, a bree ing

herd of wonderful quality has been established. We

are selling young bulls of this“’l P NOTCH"quality.

of serviceable age, at moderate irices. Information,



digrecs.etc.. on application. cPHERSON FARMS

880., Howell, Michigan.





BEGISTEHE Holsteincows.heifersandheifercalves

iriccd to sell, also bulls ready for ser-

vice. B. B. REAVEY, AKRON, MICHIGAN.





BULLS ALL SOLD

Holstein-Fricsian Cattle A. R. O. herd,

tuberculin tested annually.



PEACELAND STOCK FARM, Three Rivers, Mich.





Chas. Peters, Herdsman. C. L. Brody, Owner, Port Huron





HOLSTIENS





Herd No. 1. Five cows, one two year old bull.



Herd No. 2. Fivefi'earling heifers. one yearling bull.

Herd No. 3, Five eifer calves and one bull.



Bulls read for service and 6 to eight months old bulls

Prices wil please you. If interested, write as soon as

you read this. 1.. E. CONNELL, Fayette, Ohio.





, 'l‘lie Howell Consignment Sales

Co. of Livingston County





Will hold its 3rd Annual Sale of 100

head of Re 'stered Holsteins at the Sale

Pavilion owell, Mich., on Oct. 24th.

Catalog Oct. 10th.



. JAY B. TOOLEY. Secy.





 





 





 





Daughter of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke.

Oakland Lady (a 29 lb. cow).





4. Three Hampshire Gilts (bred).





 





. King of the Pontiac Segis, Born May 16, 1915 at the Head of Our Herd





 





2,-2- 7‘ -





A Few Specials for October and November, at Prices

to Fit Most Any Pocket-book



1. MaplecreSt DeKol Ogden No. 94162—Born April 13, 1912, sired by Friend



Hengerveld DeKol Butterboy 29303; Dam Maplecrest Pontiac Ogden DeKol,



2. Nye Pontiac Burke—Born Nov. 28, 1911, Sire Pontiac Burke; Dam Queen





3. Four Bull Calves—well bred and well marked.





5. Five Rambouillet Rams from the well known Thomas Wyckoff flock.

6. About seventy-five S. C. White Leghorn Cockerels.

Positively Guaranteed as Represented.





FLANDERS FARMS, Orchard Lakey Michigan.





 





 





breeding and quality.





W. R. HARPER, Sale Manager.





A Quality Sale of ‘

Registered Holstein Cattle





AT THE





West Michigan State Fair Grounds

In Grand Rapids, Michigan, on





Monday, October 16th., 1916





The Annual October Consignment Sale of the

West Michigan Holstein Breeders.





70 Head of High Class Registered Cattle from the Breeders’ own herds,

chosen to please the Purchaser who desires to buy healthy cattle of good

Everything over six months old carefully Tuber-

culin tested by competent graduate Veterinarians of acknowledged rc-

liability. A glance at the Pedigrees of the 30 lb. reference Sires in our

Sale Catalog will convince the Buyer that West Michigan Breeders have

as well bred Sires as any Section in the United States.

long to mention individually. Choice females will be offered which are

sired by or bred to these High Class Bulls.

will be in the Sale. If interested write for a Sale Catalog.





The list is too





A few choice young bulls





Middleville, Michigan.





 





Public Sale





Having decided to leave the farm. I

will sell at Public Sale on Oct. 12, 1916,

at l p. m. M herd of Reg. Holstein

cattle. King ei es and Hengeryeld De

K01 breeding. ll females of breeding

age bred to Flint Ma le Crest Butter

Bo No. 150961 Jr. an Grand Cham ion

Male at Michi an State fair Detroit ept.

3, 1916. Who 5 5 nearest Dams average

30.50 Butter in 7 days every one testing

over 4% fat.





JOSEPH W. TROMR"

WARREN, moi-I.





 





HOICE HOLSTEIN BULLS—all from A.R.O.dams



Entire herd on Semi of. test for yearly work. Jr.

2—rr.-old just finished year‘s record of over 15.000 lbs.

milk,over 1000 lbs. butter record in mature class.0herry

Creek Stock Farm, M.E. Parmelle, Prop., Hilliard-,Mich.





 





-milk per day Pontiac Korndyke and Hengerveld





"e Holstein Bull Calf. 2nearest dams average 9OIb

DeEcl breeding.Prices right. John A. Riuke,Wnrren.Mich





 





Holstein Calves, 10 heifers. and 2bulls 15-16ths pure,

. 5 weeks old, beautifully marked,82).00 each. creted

for shipment anywhere. Edgewood Farm,Wh itewsier,Wis





[MIGHIGAN HOLSTEINS





4 to 12 Mo. World record sire. High

testing dams—from $99 up to 3299. Let

us send you one on trial. You should

not buy until you get our book.





Long Beach Farm,

AUGUSTA, (Kalamazoo Co.) MICH.





EXTRA 'cooo

Holstein Bulls For Sale





I have some from A. R. 0. dams with records of

from 16 to 22 lbs. with the best milk producing

blood in them that can be had. These are from 4

to 7 months old and i will make a cheap price to

move them. Also have a few females for sale.

Let me know what you want.





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms,

BREEDSVILLE, - - MICHIGAN





 





REG. HOLSTEINSuHerd headed by Albina Bonte

. _Butter Boy No. 93124. Dam's record at 6 yrs. butter

28.53 lbs. milk 619.4. Yearly record at 2% yrs, butter

802 lbs. milk 186221bs.W. B. READER, Howell, Mich





 





F0" 8‘lE—My herd of 12 selected Grade Holstein

, Cows. Youn , soon to freshen. Reasonable

Price, J. E. GAMBL , Hart, Michigan.





 





6 Year registered Holstein cow and her 2 months

old heifer calf eligible to registry. both well mark-

ed. Price 8175. S, A. FOSTER, OKEMOS, MICH.





 





flu sg5dn§iilv§§rinfi§n§d§§a° visits:

good‘é‘éive, 756mm. rBrion(i'EliibNr'r F‘iiairsfbegiid





' ' Youn bull ready for service.

"Onglll'Id "OISifllflS. 30“,. eedi , Satin: u

guaranteed. W. B. Jones and J .rll‘.Lii1t:, Oohoctohfwmghr.I





 





FORTY head grade Holstein cattle ranging from six

months to five years. . II. ROGERS, 34 Gold-

smith Ave.. Phone Cedar 1351, Detroit, Mich.





3400 buvs 3lregistered H. F.heifers Zlyrs. old bred to a

bull with 8 sisters from 30 to 35 be. of Butter in

seven days. 860 to $75 buys choice of 8 H.F. bulls

ready for service. A R. O. backing. Address





 





 





narnanwav 1330's.. meannnicn.





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





 





Nodular Disease—Part of my sheep





a swelling of throat occasionally, but

this seems to come and go. This

swelling would appear during the

night and leave in the morning. J. H.,

Breckenridge, Mich—Mix together

equal parts bicarbonate soda, ginger,

gentian and charcoal and give each

sheep at teaspoonful at a dose twice a

day. They should also be salted twice

a week and their food supply should

be of good quality, not forgetting to

feed them some grain once a day. I

am inclined to believe that you have

not been feeding them ' a balanced

ration.



Sows Fail to Come in Heat—I have

two extra, good Poland China. brood

sows, one of them lost her pigs last

April and the other raised nine fine

pigs, but neither one of these sows

has been in heat since. The sow that

lost her pigs farrowed one cold night

and doubtless she and her pigs got

chilled. C. 8., Homer, Mich.-—Mix to-

gether one part ground nux vomica,

two parts ground capsicum, two parts

ground ginger and five parts ground

gentian and give each sow a teaspoon-

ful at a dose in feed three times a day.

You should feed them stimulating

food.



Sore Throat—I have a heifer that

seems to have a sore throat, besides

her tongue is slightly swollen and part

of the time I have thought her tongue

was twice its normal size. She has

been in this condition since June 20.

Our local-Vet. is somewhat puzzled ov-

er this case and his treatment fails to

help her. G. W. A., Goldwater, Mich.

-—Dissolve 1 dr. chlorate of potash in

a pint of water and gargle her mouth

and throat three times a day. It is

possible that some foreign body, such

as a thorn, briar or sliver of wood or

piece of wire has lodged in tongue,

which if so, should be removed.



Incipient Heaves—‘—Choking.—Every

ten days or two weeks my mare ap-

pears to have sick spells which give

her ’considerable trouble while breath-

ing and I might say that I have given

her several different kinds of commer—

cial heave remedies Without helping

her much. I also might add that what-

ever this ailment is, it appears to be

growing worse. W. F. A., Swartz

Creek, Mich.——Are you sure that most

of the trouble is not in the throat?

Rub throat with equal parts tincture

iodine, camphorated oil once a day.

Give her '1 dr. fluid extract lobelia, 2

drs. Fowler’s solution and 1/2 dr. potas-

sium iodide at a dose three times a

day. Feed no clover or musty, dusty,

badly cured fodder of any kind, and be

sure to exercise her every day.





Foot Sore—Articular Rheumatism.

——I have read the Michigan Farmer

for several years and find the veter-

inary department very helpful. Ihave

a grey Percheron horse that went

lame in left fore leg about a year ago,

at which time he was so lame that we

could not work him for about two

months. Our local Vet. treated him

with rather poor results; now he is

affected in both legs and is very stiff

and sore. When standing, raises first

one foot then the other, resting toe

on the ground or floor as if in great

pain. There is no swelling, or shrink-

age to be found, but when pinched in

Shoulder or legs will flinch a little. E.

C. 13., Tawas City, Mich—Give 1 dr.

of sodium salicylate, 1 dr. of colchi-

cum seed and 1 dr. acetate of potash

at a dose in soft feed three times a

day. If you can locate the tender part

paint it with tincture iodine every day

or two. Your horse being 15 years old

is quite apt to have rheumatism affect-

ing the joints.



Thickened Tendons.—I have ahorse

that injured foot; hoof sloughed off

and while resting this foot the oppo-

site leg swelled badly, but swelling

has mostly gone out of shoulder, but

the back tendons and fetlock joints re-

mained thickened. C. F. B., Jones,

Mich—Clip hair off and apply one

part red iodide mercury and four parts

lard twice a month and give 1 dr. of

potassium iodide at a dose in feed

twice a. day.



Opacity of Cornea—I have a seven-

year-old mare which has a light blue

covering over both eyes since May,

causing her to have poor vision. J.

R., Hamburg, Mich.——Blow one part

calomel and two parts boric acid into

eyes three times a week.



-—I am inclined to believe that most

of his trouble is in the throat and by

having him operated on for roaring, it

is possible he can be cured. Why

don’t you wear an over-check and in-

dependent bit, obliging him to hold

the nose out when traveling. This





 





 





 





 





 





 





will give him quite a lot of relief.





are unthrifty and a few of them have ,
.;ria..... '





 





 





   





"HW . C it, _“ U ' I > .

mm .Wind—‘Roarerr—I

have a horse nine years oldwhich has

bad heaves for the past two years and

his wind is so bad that I am unable to

work him. When traveling he seems

to choke, but as soon as be straight-

ens out his nose in line with his neck,





it gives him relief, but as soon as he .

drops his nose again he has trouble :





breathing. T. G., Central Lake, Mich.

Indigestion—4hr calves are fed on





milk and clover and they were in good '





shape up to a. short time ago; since

then they have had attacks of loose-

ness of bowels followed by constipa-

tion, considerable weakness and stiffv

ness.- B. E., Missaukee, Mich—If you

are feeding your calves sour milk, add

a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda

to each eight or ten quarts, but first

you had better give each calf 2 or 3

015. of castor oil to clear out the stom-

ach and bowels.



Barren Cow.—-—I have a valuable Jer-

sey cow four years old that had a call

when she was two years old. I bred

her again and she had her second call

five months

then came in heat regularly until she

was bred. 'Was due to come fresh on

August 9, therefore we dried her up

some time before that, but she failed

to have a calf. Since then she does

not come in heat. What would you ad-

vise in a case of this kind? A. J., Fil-

ion, Mich—All things considered you

had perhaps better fatten her and sell

her for beef. Doubtless she enters

from contagious abortion resulting in





barrenness, and of course will be a.





shy breeder and never a big producer

of milk.



Swollen Sheath—l would like to

know what to do for boars with swol-

len sheath. H. W. Metamora, Mich.

-—Give each hog 10 grs. of acetate of

potash at a dose in feed or water

twice a day. .





.—Have 15 pigs three months i





old that have scurvy affecting nearly

the entire body, causing considerable

itchiness. F. B., Hawks, Mich—A1»

ply one part sulphur, one—half part

carbonate motes]: and five parts vase-

line to pig! three times a week.



Nasal Catarrh.——l have a hen that is

swelled around the eyes and comb and

would like to know what can be done

for her. She has been in this condi-

tion for about 60 days, but so far as I

can tell appears healthy every other

way. R. H. 8., Whittemore, Mich.—

Paint swelling with tincture iodine





after she was mated,‘





   





 

 





 





This AWill Be Some Sale





J. E. Burroughs W. E. Fellows





Detroit Sale





' STATE FAIR GROUNDS, DETROIT, MlCH.

.105 HEAD-«October 23rd., 1916





Just Look Over This Breeding





37 daughters of Johan Hengerveld Lad who is a

son of Hengerveld DeKol and out of the imported cow

Uilkje (25.34). Also a large number bred to this bull.





24: daughters of Ypsiland Sir Pontiac DeKol. He ‘

is sired by a son of Sir Korndykc Manor DeKol and

out of a 35.43 lb. daughter of Pontiac Apollo. She .

made over 30 lbs. butter in 7 days and 123 lbs. in 30 ,

days-.-3 successive years.





20 daughters of Sir Lieuwkje Korndyke Kate De

Kol who is by a son of Sir Korndyke Manor DeKol.

His dam is a 30 lb. cow.





 





 





 





3 daughters of Maplecrest Korndyke Hengerveld.





 





 





He is by Friend Hengerveld De Kol Butter Boy and

out of a 30 lb. daughter of Pontiac Aaggie Komdyke.





Watch for future Advertising---Send for Catalog





 





_._,_..~





three times a week and she will per— .





haps get all right.





Ringbone.—I have a horse with ring— '





bone situated high up on pastern and

I have applied several blisters With-

out making much impression. J. W.,

Kingsley, Mich—Mix together one

part red iodide mercury, one part pow-

dered cantharides and eight parts lard

and apply to bunch every two weeks.

You complain of the blisters that you

have applied, have shown but little

blistering effect; this may be on ac-

count of the drugs not being fresh and

active. '



Warts on Tents—Have a two-year

old heifer due to come fresh in six

weeks which has a few warts of differ.

ent sizes on each teat and I would like

to know how to remove them without

injuring the heifer. Have been apply-

ing turpentine, but this hurts the heif~





er. W- 31., Eaton Rapids, Mich—Those .

01! .land Colantha





with a knife or scissors, and apply a.





that have a neck should be cut





saturated solution of salicylic acid in

alcohol to flat ones every day or two,



Weakness—I have a female pigthat

is three weeks old which urinates al-

most confinually,- but eats well, keeps

fat and is quite active, but does not

grow quite as rapidly as the rest of

the litter. Is there anything that can





be done for her? B. P., Osseo, Kich.-— ‘





If you willie-ed her well, I believe she

will get entirely well without treat

ment; however, a surgical operation





’ performed by a. skillful Vet. might.

help her, but. I do not believe it is,





I1 906583".





Ptomaine Poisoning—Have recently V





lost a few chickens which seemed to

first show a stiffness or lameness in

one leg or foot, their tail drops and

after a time the combs turn pale and

whatever it is the young red-headed

ones seem to become diseased among

the first and after a short sickness are

unable to stand or walk and finally

die. Every one of the sick birds have

died. P. O. McC, Mulliten, Mich.—





By improving sanitary conditions and '





making a complete change of food and

Water you will perhaps be able to save

the balance of your flock, but I do not

believe giving them drugs without pay»

ing attention to cleanliness, disinfec-

tion and food supply, you can safely

hope to see any

fowls. The free use at little, coal tar

disinfectant is doubtless the least ex-

pensive remedies to use in cleaning up

their places. None at your

chickens should be allowed during this





of any kind.





 





tinyour.





‘1?“

hot weather to eat decomposed meat ,





Sale Pavilion, Howell, Mich. Thursday, Oct. 12, ’16





'were accepted. No cows with (lama ed udders nor other bl h '

Every animal guaranteed to be straig emis es Wm be 30kt





{linerds in Michigan,will be dispersed in this sale and affords aremarkable oppor-

on





old son of Princess Henlg‘erveld De

‘DeKol, and a dozen of





LIVERPOOL SALE & PEDIGREE C0. lnc.,





Sale Managers

LIVERPOOL, NEW YORK.





The October Sale ‘





100 Registered Holstein Cows and Heifers 100





 





 





 





A QUALITY SALE

Each consignment has been carefully inspected and only good individuals





' tandrightineve wa . Th F k .

Crandall herd, one of the oldest established and most liviide y known lladlstefili



for the selection of foundation animals.

' Sale Will Include: Beautfi Walker Pietertfie’ Princé'an, 107658, a 3 yr.

. ol, the only 33— . daughter of Hengerveld

is daughters and as many cows in calf to him. Also

do ters of Johanna Korndyke Dellol, 45577, Se ' Beets Inka DeKol, 116128,

K. . P. Howell, 79300, King Pietertje Hartog, £12, and Crown Pontiac Korn-

d kc 48712 and cows and heifers in calf to KL? Segis pion Nobel 122906,

plecrest Apgl’ication Pontiac, Elzevere Sir anary Barnum DeKol, and Dutch-



‘mana Lad

4 high class bulls will be sold. Sale starts at 10:30 ’ l k



12, 1916. Kelley and Mack, Auctioneers. 0 cm ’ Thursday, Get





The Michigan Breeders’ Consignment Sale C0. .

H. w. NORTON Jr. Mgr., HOWELL, MICH.





[W ‘ I.ol.' M. ermn election-sale.





tuberculin” cow; belfcn. bgllfi.





boll alve- backed

all. bml" IBVIN





Jerseys For Sale Edit:





ready for service and cows and heifers soon to freshen.

Moadowland Pun. Nun-ma Wotan-n, Ann Arbor. Mich.





REGISTERED JERSEY BULL! FOR SALE





1 yearling. and Bull calves from 8 to 10 months

0d. Also 3 cows. Write your wants.

BMITH- PARKER, R. D. No.4, Howell, Michigan.





Iaplgfifllmfun Wad Jam, Gallic hr 81!.





h es. The kind that .

J. R. Worthington. R. No. 7. magnum.





Registered Jersey Bull





roe your: old. Best f b

J. 8. Armstrong, 18,Woodwsrd Xve.x,°lggitnr:l¢,Mlch,





BIDWELL SHORTHORNS





For "Boo! and Milk".

Registered b ul 1 s.

bcotch - to pad mans,

reds andw its for sale.

Farm at N.Y.C. Depot;

also D. T. is I. R’y.





Mmlljrhmlfl III.





IIDWIIJ. 81'.“ [III

.0! B. Tecumloh. Itch.





 





 





 





 

   





 





Albion Stamp m





 





sameness: olbotliSexlorSalc,

lichlun.





W. W. KNAPP. Howell.





. .

mm on in; gas: mesons. .

J. B. BUHIELL. HA. MN. HI IGAN.





3'1!"th AND POLLED DURHAMB ron BALE.

Have red roan and white. Have our 100

head in hard. C. Carlson, Leroy, Mich.





 





' —Dslryoc bathed. Breeding-toot.“

mm maternal. “Emoticon. c. W.

Secy. Cent. m.





' ' Shorthorns, roan 3 year old, Bites bred herd

gbnll 32m. Youn bulls and heifer-l.

DAVIDSON & HALL. TE CUMSEH. MICHIGAN.





SHORTHORNS FOR SALE





8 Bulb. also females. W. B. McQuillan. Howell, Mich





FOR Sale—Bog. Short Horn Bulls bv Maxwalton

Monarch m a no of A , l '

John Stimuli: Rind dflglfll‘z’. §%Tg.l.“fialcnbom§





 





 





 





Young bull 8100. cows.

Mons F“ EElE. and heifersfiflw for Butiegk solo. '





Write w. J. BELL. ROBE crrr. MICE GAN.

H005.





01m breedingof various a , 'th

Berksm 53'; a] l registered stock, Kerloesln| '01:

specml reduced price. “'rite your wants quick.

Mitchell's Lakesidoi’azm. 3.2. Bloomingdale, Mich.





The Very Forest Berksln're Pigs





C. B. BARTLETT, Plant. Pontiac, Idiom





‘ Bears and gilts. May followed. 1

“Sb-'3 growth¥ fellows. Also a litter ’11“ at

to wean. A. A. PAT ULLO. B. 4.,Doclervl lo, Mich.





 





 





 





ERKSHIBE 80W and eurlin ltb cl t t

Beariy in ember. Bier-s m5? {crisirvi‘::o.3gl’s:

open nits. Stock Farm. R. l, Mar-latte, Mich.





 





OYALTON Bred Berkshires. Extracts“

Rgmilumu boars‘fieady. for gervice mdnmdmor.

cox .s, on registers stock with m .

D. F. VAEENT NI, Supt, Temporna,pgteh.





DUROO JERSEYS





A choice lot of ‘ . both . '

m akin. “1.322%... gang m

THE JENNING” FAIM’, I. I. D. I. all”. “u_





Ll. KEEIH Eli Iii. ”ma“, ‘°°‘°‘” '“ ”9""

Swine. D. I. l’T. be; from Monroe oil'gflgfgaggzgo

DU'BOC J . Pl 8 wks. old SlZeach. Trio

so: :35. m E . d S l.



next ll days. J. wnfiick: $3335: till-gm?

Ill!” J. In" awe June 1915; 12 Anti] me.



I” If f ‘ .

ntoosatiahcfion. $1.8. mnfiafifizfi‘migfflm.



roc Je ,_ arii



D“ m 5"“ ° "is ”Mr “w





enough to head your d.

ling 671145. Ask about him. W. C. Tfiw. Edgifllciy





 





 





 





3 an» m M -



I": JII’ . . ntvireitlur common

‘E . . .fi'l' LM



all”!!! LAWN nnflm'stephga. ‘Hnlolig:





 





DalocJerseys, choice I . ' ‘ '

Fl! Sale, _ mi... sex. fi.’£2‘“.l.l”.‘”‘ ""

John McNicol‘l. Station A. R. 4, Bay City. Mich.





UROC Jerseys. Apr. ash

Deervice and a law hregliamfozrssoext: mandOct'M to,

Holstein cownbroa! for fall. E. H. hairrts,lanru,lich.





 





FOR PRIVATE SALE





The Estate of C.W.P2lham ofiers a dozen registered Holsteinl‘riesian heife -‘

figures as will facilitate lhcwinding up of the estate- are sired by Kinglwmgnbrg ,

23:11:: lofts: 1:0. gmgghgks‘ggtol Pogfiac lf’m'ndfi'ke, likewise of Sadie Vale Concordia, the

u: ..o . we a ‘lrso ea 0v 'i' ' " ‘ ' —-

to settle the estate! e e1 ers are already in the A. R. 0. Object ;





ESL 0' G. W. FEM” H. F. PEI-”Arlv A .

zoo-a Mend... ’ ’ £7"... mu...





 





 





 





 





 





 





Duroc Jersey Herd Boars ‘





Mk1 Oflemg «nigh elm Fall Boar Pip. Brood] and bulk” I

cue-g1: for bmda- who apptcd‘tcfige be“. unity 800‘





 





Also some good farmer’s boars.

dhl infill-lion iscxtcnded to visit the lam andinsvect the stock. If you wish one of the best .

yam: Jersey bulls in Michigan we have him for sale. For further particulars, address, ;





Breakwater Farm, Swine Dom“ Ann Arbor, Mich. .

Bull Calves lgfifiEFORD§W£fi$§§§





’mL‘o.Mmh "I out Ml.

“W”W%%“kaa lam

a, gm! z “i 1:." 1““ Lollflowq.





 





 





”Cm “awash...

Wmeusoboutthmm-dm 4 ,hoflmforuh. Ind w





Berkshires laughing “hut-Wuhan“.





nunoc mum: : 0'... renames...» “s





S

for service.Wn. W. finned]: R... Gnu-Lalo. Mich.





I (Tomlin i' ,. .

Dobson 3 3m 1...... 533;; ‘.;.l‘.;'2“§€ar'§f°"m‘fi

sows for sale. 011.. l. Dob-u, Quincy. MW

UROO Joiners em.“ a». la ~ boned

bred too Son of on... Mum???» 'm





Door of his brood. ‘

,_ 1. Damn. u??? ”Mm" .“h’tm'm”





Duroc Jersey spill“! and Summer Boats and

. Gum. ow - '

loses NEWTON unmask“? 01‘3"?!ng 3353,10





Duroc Jersey Boats of the lane. smooth

15- ”- Mm “ywm.





This is the best lot of fall pigs we have ever had to offer. A cor. " {or sale D“’?§1$$‘§9§3?353:frmfi d

lch





A. IRAY. OKEMOS, (Icahn: Co.)





CKSTEI WE! 9‘, ”"ln'iii’r‘: s”'s"l?"°" ”n"

’ ' no 3' ‘E.

F. W. A EXAND ER. Vflosal'. Mich.

\HESTER WHITE March pigs oithm'scx. llinnlt‘ v ids f

(/Scpt. 1 pigs, ?‘yoar 0k? sow fax-rowed!) pigs #:2311015. 1:93;

Boar 152yr. old. blnp C. O.D. W.A.Sncnry.Mt.Plessmt.lkzh.ll.~lv.





Blip Typo Doors:





 





S .D. Prices ver reaso -

able. J. Carl J ewett, Maso’n. Mica.





—_.____

duo m ‘0 I as, ready or service Bred Gino-Fan

I l P} ‘ - ’ '

Golan 0'. who. m m *r I hifl'gpedfgigéstpred m buyers name,





 





 





Afinwfllmm MSW-well”. WM“ on. “I. mix





 





' —-A i l '

l I t m scams or .1, mg... as:





ri

in N

M Holland, Michigan. R. ll. No.





 





Swigsrtd’ale Farm, Pctersburg," Mich.

,, “iww’fl m m mans“ m-

m” tars'rmflmv'zi ‘8' ..-..° w... a.

CAPAC. dial:





and . cow,

twill doom Weenies“





Dela! out. of M Hahn

Hobart W. Fay.





 





 





. m

for pedigree. Mason, Michigan. teed.





 





ALVIN BALDEN:





. Borvlceablo Bear. “in! 0. 0. D.

”rm“: ms: .9...'.-..c..; WP ”MW! m . ~





V v





(Additional Stock Ads on page 337).





On-

Sinrtlmn Brudm' Ann. McBride. lich' .





 





   

   

 





\ .
\





 





 





N0 W Is The Time To Build 0'4 lmpro ve .'





 





 

 





You Can Buy a Car-





 





 

 

 





Building Material





\ q

[Hawker-I135..."

§





 





ing a Cent in Advance.





Our Bindlng Guaran-





load of Lumber or‘ CHICAGO HOUSE tee Absolutely Pro-





tects You. Money Will





é- ”Si' ”.s . from Us Without Pay- WRECKING CO. Be Promptly Refunded





 





. if You Are _ Dlssatisfied.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





THIS enormous business, with a capital of $1 0,000,000.00



and satisfied customers in practically every township in the United States.

was founded in 1892 on a new idea— to buy and sell nothing but bargains! From

that 'day to this—24 years of. honest ublic dealing -- we have never swerved

a hair 8 breadth from our original 13 an and purpose. Each year has marked

our steady growth in power to serve our growing host of regular customers.

Each year our growmg financxal strength—our increasin). cash buying power-

has brought us added ability to control the sources of those tremendous bar-

gains that have made our name famous from ocean to ocean. ‘





     





HARRIS HOME 013-718 feet of brand new, high grade material in our y





bath and store room. An

2,‘ >‘ ideal cottage or country

/@ . $3 home. Built many times

i . at a tremendous saving.



’ Material sensibly cut-to-fit

-no waste. Price includes



\_ ‘ all lumber, millwork.

_ glazed sash and doors.



shingles. sheet metal.

nails, rough and finishing

hardware --— ready for p aster.

Only one of more than 101 Mod.

eru American Harrie Homes.





\





{‘1





VIII <-



c

7: \

/ D



_ ll -





 

 





 





MAIL COUPON FOR

, Our New FREE . .

$ 10,000 buys the good,





substan tial





dowframes. All barn sash.





 

 

 





 





 





Wire Nails





100 S 19—".





lbs..





, I kegs. Sizes from



7' 8d t020d mixed.

Order No. 8190

00-30 Price -





or 8d Wire N ails, Order No.

$285





 





F



00-40. Per 100

pounde.........



For 10d Wire Nails. Order No





Our special Fall "Clean-up" Lumber Bargain Price List. now ready. shows the biggest

money-savings we have ever ofiered in good lumber for every building purpose. Mail_the

Coupon now! If you expect to build or improve a home, barn or farm structure of any kind.

‘ this Fall, it will pay you BIG to write at once for our wonderful FREE Building Material



Book containing hundreds of tremendous bargains in Lumber and Millwork, only a few items

of which we can show here. We have constantly available for quick delivery over 20,000,000





Dense to the lowest possible charge we are equipped to make shipments direct to you from our ' * *1: H ' '

$8 1 7 Size 24x38feet; main headquarters at Chicago, Washington and Jackson. Miss. depending on your location. HARRIS BARN 00-220

seven rooms, 4? Thu freight saving means many dollars ofyour money caved. $433 This Harris

1- .

i

P





 





buys good fir win- buys 4-light glazed





Book of Plan ' pine door; 1% other sizes and desired size priced window. Any oth- front door;1% in.

» 3. in.thick, paint- styles priced pro- proportionately er size priced pro- thick. Other doors Plan Book!

ed orunpainted portionatelylow. low. portionately low. at like savings. —--————





l 24 «Years {of HonestiPublic : Dealing





TODAY we are recognized as the leading “spot cash" buyers

I of brand new desirable merchandise at forced sales. Big manufacturers and

merchants. seeking a quick outlet for surplus stocks. naturally turn to us for the

ready cash. Their loss means your gain! We have our pick and choice at Sher-

ifl’s' and Receivers' Sales. Big Auction Events and Exposition Sales. And we

sell as we buy—nothing but ality goods at unmatchab e bargain prices. Direct

dealing with as means more t an just a big money-savm — it means uaranteed

satisfaction as to quality, prompt shipments and the fair. 'square deal' treatment

that has been the cornerstone of our business for the past quarter century.





 

 





ards here at Chicago. To reduce freight ex- “»





"Majestic"





Harris Barn Book. Built





$3: time and again at a great





 

 

 





Hundreds of Other Big “Snaps” 3&2“32s‘%2::£mm

,, Like These_ "





H saving. Contains every



" l1 feature that experience

has proved desirable in

modern barn construction.

Interior arrangement can

easily be made a model of

convenience-space saving

and economy of labor in

housing and feeding stock.





“

MAIL COUPON FOII





for this clear fir o u I“ F R E E

glazed heavy _Model Barn





 





 





for this 2-liaht

white pine glazed





 

 

 





 

 

 





Every





   

 





Galvanized





Hog Fence. Barbed Wire

bottom. Order No. 06-140.

Vwirea bi h. stay. 6 in. a art. No. 11





 

 





 





oc-so. Per 100 $266

pounde......... —





 

 





 

 





 





 





use car on wire to . o. 14 gauge

ntermediate line an Itay wires.





 





 

 





Best Mixed Paint

$ 1 .2 7





Per Gallon

Harrie high

grade ready

mixed house

paint. Best





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





is all we need to figure th





‘ prepaid prices delivered t

can show you bigger mon

\ ever before-





 





A rough sketch of your building show ,

ing the size of the roof. length of rafters. etc.. 2





you require. Mention the kind of r'oofingyou . -

wish and we can then give you our low freight 5' '





Tubular Posts

With Adjust-

able Clamps





Poi n; e «1 Drive

Metallic Pa Inte d

Tubular Fence

Posts. Made of 2 m.

tubing. Finest grade

of charcoal l r o n .





 

 





 





 

 





e amount of roofing ’





 

   

   

 





0 your station. We

ey savmgs now than





 

   

 





 

 





 





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





. ‘ formula on

‘ the market.

Fewer gallons wear long-

er than any other. For House

Paint, Order No. no. 5 121

100, per gallon . . . '-

For Best Barn Paint. 64°

Order 00-1 10. per gal.





 





 





 

 





sundries.





/





   





./ ‘

.1 Ir ”$09 %

» ‘4’» e. if! a





I: a

$l° 0,, ,CfO I





 





Watts Corn Shellor Rumely Feed Mills





Complete. as shown with economy an d simplicity. Speci capacity. 10 to

and easy running. Shells any medium or fine. Order No. 06- f d 't

kind of corn. Ca . 76 to 100 bushels 18.0. For 8 in. s 35 You can ee 1 .

per hour. OI'OOIPNO. DC- $1950 Price now ......... 12 - NO. 00-200.





 





Harris Bros. co.. Dept. DC. 42 ,3 . Chicago

Mark X i the uare below t ~ show which books

you wgllt. ’l‘lhey serge FREE and dent postpaid.





Dlumber and Bulldlng Material Book

Dfloollng. Slding and Calling Book





Plan Book oi Herrle D Plumblnl and

Ho





       





heating V._. _ -..-,

W l plant now $16-50 $1.2 5L5:

Whfl? ma- Best White Enameled

t e r 1 al 1 5 Cast Iron One-Piece Heavy Strong durable tron





 





 





 





 





 





 





Address





 





 





 





m





-.





[film New Roofing Book No. no 42 J 5?. ‘





We mail you free of cost, the most com- f

plate book of Roofing, Sidingr and Ceiling ever l

published. Shows you how to lay roofing by L

simple directions and easily understood dia- '

grams. It gives our complete quotations on

conductor pipe, eave trough and all roofing -“

Ask for our FREE Roofing Book 00- 4-2





Last Call forthe Big RUMELY Sale





Can't be beat for stun-dines:J Apowerful machine of enormous Greatest engine values A "one man" machine.





°°b "Mk" “ind elevator. Light burrsafeature“ grinding' C°°“e' Cuts any kind of silage as fast as am to 65hp. Order No. shel. Cap. 20 bushels per hour.





110. Now only _ . - 10ond12in. eizea priced junta. low. Other sizes proportionately low. Can attached kerosene burners. Price DOW. . . . . .





.—-———---—‘ 0 herestof Bargains‘like These—Mail Coupon Today!





Heating Plants Enameled Tub Hog Troughs Pipe- Fitting Galvanized Wire F





-% : ddress HARRIS'BROTHERS co. 35th 8. Iron so. Chicago





covered with a heavy





   

   

 

 





Ito.



out with

two clam e

.... . 9 . 1 8c

Other sizes 64. 60. '12.

'17 and 84 in. long. with

lace-nary clam





l . 8

l‘doi’rvl’oadiifig.





   

 





Adams Corn Husker





20 tons per hour. ever oifered. All sizes from ‘Husks for one cent per bu-





Order 5 1000 oc-zoo. For {nip at $4400 Elevatea to highest mow.

price . . "' our special pnce or - Order No. tic-220. $8492





urnltur





   

 





 





   





. a 1.. - $2519 ,.

' pen I... I

2' ’ 4c FOOT 100 Lbs. \

ghe gggnlg'gg, 53513133335 $12383:





   

 





moo, Barns. etc. Ila-tins Book i ‘ ' ' - for hogs and cattle. Heavy couplings, suitable for gas, vamzed ' ;

Pelnu and D Manama-man , . ' 2111:9333; R0" Rim Bath 'fubfikff' galvanized and painted oil, water and conveyance Wire for the farm. Suit- $5.95

Palntore' eunallu Ind 0" III-Ila" - »-r v ry low Our long. Latest sty e 1110 e ' lack. Steel cross bars and of all_liquids. S_izes 5/6 m. able for fences.stay wires . .

Fonda] and Win look rurnnuro and ._ erts ‘ve yfi u com!“ ete plated trimmings—Fuller legs securely riveted. to 12 2’“ Our Price 4c etc. Irregular lengths o Buys this solid Golden

Halli-Om “9"” "mum“. Sixrii’ple gistructions. Put Double bath cocks for hot Round bottom, easily on 1111.. per f . . . 30 to 100 feet. Order No. Finish hardwood dining





2 your own plant in. Warm and cold watera- nickel- cleaned. Order No. oc- 1% in..per ft. . . . 5c 00.250. For 9 gagiga‘tggl-es: 42 inch top); Order





 





 





 





'r—$ ._ lated connecte waste. zoo. For. troughs 6 it. rice 1' bundle 180. On one (of

N’lm’ _—__. 31,; yoga-Etfi'EL‘ifiI gverflow and supply Dives. long. 12in. wide. 25 0"" No. 09-le gt looprounda . . s2|"- many big bargains In our

E “up... 1... tree ".mn‘ Order No. 00- $1650 cap. 10 gala. each . - Get our low prices on an m...- .11... or con gauge Free Furniture k. Mall



.0,“ No. 00-144 now. 230. Price . . . " 6for . . . . . . . $6.90 _ all your needs. at proportionate: low prices. Coupon Tod-y!





   

   

   

   

 





 

 





3’”.





.Nr '-





._,.ae