",1. ‘ . v «oi . those of us who had VOL. CXLVHI. No. 4 Whole Number 3925 The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State. DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1917 l 50 CENTS A YEAR 252 FOR 5 virus A Farmers’. Co-opcrativc Milk Distributing Association By DR. W. O. HEDRICK ROM small beginnings the farmers F who produce milk in the neighbor- hoood of Kalamazoo have seen their co-operatively owned milk dis— tributing business grow until it now has an assured place among the city’s industries. There was the ever pres- ent “milk war" on in Kalamazoo ten years ago the farmer dairymen arguing for higher prices, city milk distributors replying that they were already paying the maximum—when a small group of farmer producers determined to mar- ket their own milk and the Dairymen’s Milk Company is the result. The pur- chasing of the routes of two milk wag- ons was the business beginning of the new company. Its plant was situated in a store basement for the first sev- eral years. ' The company’s ’property now covers a half block in area, its plant is a fine brick building with ade- quate appliances, it employs twenty men and operates more than thirteen milk routes, and sells every sort of customary dairy pro- duct except ice cream. The city milk dis- tributing business—— concerning which our first lessons along this line through see- ing the village milk wagon trundle about, have much to learn—- is. highly complicated in every direction. 'Squeamishness on the part of the consumer is more acute perhaps with regard to milk than with regard to any other food product and the whims of the consumer must be ab— solutely met. or but lit- tle milk will be sold. The consumer’s de- sires with regard to times of delivery, forms of package, terms of payment. quantities and quali- ties of product and fin- ally price, must all be ' squarely met since af— ter all, ‘it rests with the consumer as to whether milk and its product are bought or not. The milk distributors must be prepared to meet. all these demands and its plant there- fore has all the appearances‘of a heav- ily machined factory. It is a business the expenses of which must necessar- ily be rather high, owing to the perish- able nature ot its product, the variety of performances and the costliness of its materials. On the other hand, whole nnik marketing is the “extra fine” of the dairymen‘s business and the possi- bilities of further consumption of milk and its products by a well developed trade, seem almost incalculable. The Dairymen’s Milk Company is fundamentally co-operative—the forty- seven milk producing members of the association being recipients of their membership benefits through the high- er «price per quart which they receive l for their product. That this is wholly satisfactory one may gather from the fact that two-thirds of the original members are still selling milk through the organization. The milk producing .member indeed, gets all that his milk sells for to the consumer, save only the expenses which the organization incurs in making the sales. How could more be asked for by anyone? Looking more in detail into this mat- ter of awarding association benefits to members we are told that the entire sales of the association for the month are added together. From this the to- tal expenses of the month are deduct- ed. The balance which remains is then divided out to members on the basis of pounds of butter-fat furnished by each. As Manager Van VVoert laughingly re- marked in a recent interview, "at the end of each month this business is flat on its back financially—all its funds of Prod ucts was having been paid out to the members." The association consists at the pres- ent time of about forty-seven milk pro— ducing members and it. is these who get the benefits from the business through the increased price per quart which they receive. It is confidently expected that as the business increas- es and as the expenses of doing the business consequently dimii islies that the proportion of the price paid by the consumer which goes to the producer Will enlarge. He will then come still closer to getting the whole of the nine cents per quart. which the consumer pays for milk than is at. present the case. i The associatiou is organized under the ordinary Joint stock corporation law (Act 232VPublic Acts 1903) and owing to the relatively large amount of capital required in a milk distribut- ing business this type of organization has unusual advantages. The stock- holders haye received a six per cent dividend upon their stock and there is no intention to ever increase this since it is considered more desirable that the members should get their increas- ed earnings through better milk prices rather than in the form of dividends. The six per cent which stock—holders have received is indeed no dividend at all. It. is merely an interest rate upon capital which stock—holders have fur- nished and it is a rate which would have to be paid in some way even if association members furnished all their capital themselves. A striking proof of the loyalty of members of the association to the organization was shown recently by the struggle of the Kalamazoo branch of the State Milk l‘roducers’ Association to establish a The Receiving Platform of a Farmer’s Co-operative Milk Distributing Plant where $125,000 Worth Sold Last Year. ila! live cents..-per quart rate in this city. The Dairynien‘s Milk Company had already as a business custom been paying everything milk sold for, save only the costs of distributing it, and consequently it opposed pledging itself to 'l. flat. five-cent rate. In the struggle which followed the milk company lost not a single one of its members. One of llairymen's Co-operative Association is tllt‘ way in which it.‘ stimulates its mem- bers to improve their product. It, is not, only because it takes their product. on a buttervtat basis other city dis- tributors do this-but it is through the fact that the distribution end, as well as the "production end, of the Dairy- men Company’s business is the prop- erty of each member. that the self~in- terest of the producermembers is ap- the best features of this, pealed to in improving their product. The increased sales of the business in other words, through the improvement 0‘: the product, goes directly back to the producer and he is encouraged to better his herd, his methods, and his equipment because he makes more money through this improvement since he owns the business all the way through to the consumer. The milk sold by this association averages bet— ter than a four and a half per cent test and the popularity of its product: upon the market is shown. by a $17,000 in— crease in sales during the past year. The writer has lived long enough in the neighborhood of a milk condensary to see the brindle and mottled brown colored stock in the farmers’ yards give way to more profitable animals. May it not result in the same with this association through this self-intt--1‘est. stimulus that each of its members will eventually become the owner of a herd of Guernseys, Holsteins 0r Jerseys? The farmers who make up this associa- tion are widely scat- tered, throughout the northern part. of Kala— mazoo county. They furnish both milk and cream and the associa- tion undertakes to do the work of collecting both of these produCts into the city plant. The ..ssociation has beet. obliged to en— large its business fa— cilities at. least. three times during its ten years of growth. At present, it has an in» ventory of approxi— mately $32.00!), sells mill; products to the amount of $125,004) an— nually and its sales are increasing rapidly. Kalamazoo seems to furni-h a. market for mill; of the strictly normal typt’. There are :‘wo mnnpcting dis— tributing agencies in the «ity and many in— dividual milk peddlers. In the ten years of its history the Dairyinen's Company has proven conclusively that. it can meet this competition and afford a satisfactory lacility by which farm— ers may profitably market. their own product. . As a farmers‘ cooperatiye associa- tion the Dairymen's Milk Company ol< has one or two striking features which should be emphasized. Its small mem— bership as compared to its large cap- italization is doubtless responsible for the joint stock type of organization. Curiously enough, it is hardly possible that.» this membership may ever be very much enlarged since the milk con- suming capacity of Kalamazoo is limit- ed and only a certain limited number of producers will be necessary to sup- ply this demand. 0n the other hand, the opportunity [or profit (Continued on page 111). Q to these ., v The Micng , One year 52issues...... . 5 er the 'total value for 1914. «a: ‘ 552,3 Farmer The Lawrence Publishing Co. - Editor. and Potpricton 39 to (8 Congress St. West, Den-on. Inchin- Tlmneaomn Hunt 623. NEW'YURK OFFICE-4581 Fourth Ave. MEMO OFFICE—Ml W. Worthington Street. CLEVELAND ()l‘ FlCl'Z—llll LII) ’Jregon Ave" N. E. PHIMDELPHIA OFFICE—251263 South Third St. ....President, ,l\‘[ J. LAWR]‘LNCE.................... M. L. LAWRLN(IE............. ........Vice~Presidam E. H HOUGHTUN ...........................Sec.-1:es. I. R. WATERBURY BURT WERMlil‘H................ Wine FRANK A.W1LK]5.\'....................... Editors _‘AL']’A LAWSON LI’l'l‘ELL .............. E. H. HOUGH’J'UN..................Business Manager TERMS OF Sl' BSCRII’TION. Two Years, 104 .ssucs Three years, 156 ism . . five years, 210 issues. . . All sent postpuiil. Canadian subscriptions 50(- a year on ru ior postage. RATES OF ADVERI lSlNG. “cents per line agate type measurement. or fillgfer inchMA agate lines perinch) per insertion. VNo _.\"t inserted for less than $1.20 each lllfitlrtlnll. _ I‘m alum-- tionablo advertisements inserted at any price. Member Standard Furm Papers Association and Audit Burt-nu of Circulation. Entered as second class matter at the Detroit, Mich- igan. post ofllce. DETROIT, JANUARY 27, 1917 IF YOUR SUBSCRIPTION EXPIRES With this issue, in order to renew at the present prices you will have but a very few days in which to get your or- der to us.. It will have to be mailed not later than WEDNESDAY at 12:00 O’CLOCK MIDNIGHT. The old saying is that “a penny saved is a penny made," and on a five-year subscription you can save 75 pennies—on a three- year subscription the same, and on a one-year subscription 25 pennies—ls it \worth while? This is, of course, for you to decide. This year should be a money-making one for farmers and one in which there is likely to be a large demand for all kinds of farm crops and at good prices. Well, you all know that on February 1, prices advance. We will be glad to have you, and you will have time to get your order in at old prices, if you will. ' This issue is being sent to N readers whose subscriptions expired with 1916, and who have not 4 yet renewed, in order that they may be advised of this last opportunity to‘ renew at the old prices. THE MICHIGAN FARMER. CURRENT COMMENT. A recent compilation of Crop Values crop statistics for 1916 for 1916- provides much profitable material for further an- alysis. These figures recently compil- ed by the United States Department of Agriculture show a remarkable in- crease in the gross value of farm crops for 1916. The total value of crops and animal products was $13,449,009,800, an increase of $2,674,000,000 over the to- tal value of 1915 and $554,906,900 ov- This gross value of farm products is the estimat- ' ed total of all crops and animal pro- ducts, and takes no account of the use of one product as a raw material for the producing of others. Neither are costs of production taken into account, -hence the value of any estimate of gross production is in providing an in- dex number showing the relative crop and price conditions prevailing as be- tween two periods. In this matter of gross incomefih-e higher value of products as compared w‘rth previous years is a big factor. 'The general price level for the princi- '. pal craps was 55.9 per cent higher on December 1, 1916, than a year previous , and 52.9 per cent higher than: for 1914. As compared with an average for the past eight years, the. price level on December 1, 19-36, was 52.8 above the eight—year average. The causes of the ”gently advanced price level are, of Mac, not subject to definite analysis, ,but that low neuralgia crop yields con- tributed largely to 1m Weannot be doubted. If tam crop values in the census of 1899 are taken as normal or 100 per cent, the crop value for 1.909, or the last census year Was 183;, for 1914. 203.9; [or 1915. 2.30 3. and for 1916, 303.8. The value at annual pro ducts has not increased as rapidly similar index numbers or percentages of value in this department of farm production being 178.7 for 1909, 220.2 for 1914, 225.1 for 1915, and 252.5 for 1916. A further analysis of this data shows that from 1.908 to 1914 crop values de- clined considerably as compared with the value of animal products in mak- ing up the total gross value of all farm products. In 1915 this condition was sharply reversed, and in 1916 crop val ues -gain advanced as compared with the value of animal products. The marked increase in the market value of animal products at the present time, however, indicates that production in this department. has not kept pace with the demand, and that the pendulum is likely to again swing toward an in- crease in the comparative value of this department of farm production. As is usual at the opening of each leg- islative s e s s i o u, there are among the farmers ol.‘ the state, many advocates of a more stringent. dog law. This is particularly true in sections of the state where sheep husbandry is or might become an important factor of agricultural development. Pursuant to the publication of some of these pleas in recent issues of the Michigan Furni- er, we have received a flood of commu- nications expressing opinions pro and con upon this much mooted question. A “Local Option” Dog Law. As is usual in the. discussion of this question,t herei ea wide divergence of opinion expressed in these communica- tions as to just the kind of law we should have. Some of the writers ad- vocate an exceedingly high tax for keeping a deg of any kind, while oth~ ers make a. strong plea for man’s faith- ful servant. It is evident. that those who expressed these two extremes of opinion have in mind an altogether different kind of dog. This wide cli- vergence of opinion has ever operated against the passage of an adequate dog law which would be satisfactory to sheep owners. We regret that it is impossible to publish all the communications receiv- ed on this subject. Some of them, how- ever, contain practical suggestions which may contribute to the solution of this vexed problem. One such sug- gestion is advanced by a subscriber in referring to the new Virginia dog law. Briefly summarized, this law makes it a misdemeanor for any owner of a dog to let same run at large. Any farmer may shoot a lone dog if found on his property. A dog is safe only when at home or when accompanied abroad by its owner. In case his dog is killed, when running at large, the owner may bring suit for damages, but in so doing be automatically lays himseif liable to a fifty dollar fine for permitting his dog to run at large. The most novel feature of this law is its local option provision. It does not become effective until the voters of a county endorse it. Perhaps a. law of this kind might prove at least the en- tering wedge for more satisfactory dog legislation in this state. Unquestion- ably, the promotion of sheep husban- dry is of interes-tto all the people of the state rathel‘than to the farmers alone, and the removal of the dog men- ace even in localities would do much to stimulate that branch of our agri- culture. T h e cleaning-air- inc interests are again starting a propaganda t 0 permit the sale «of a defined product. A bill has "been mtroflucod in Congress to levy a umiiorm tax of one cent, per pound mien oieWrimv. This pro- poees to repeal- the lien cent tax in The Oleomarga rirrge Situation. a. one cent lax therefor. The present in! ievles a tax at only M cent per pound on the mustered mi- dse. . The manufacturers who are sup- porting this monogram do not, how- ever, give this fact prominence, and a good many city papers are apparently deceived by the argument that this change in the law would reduce the cost of the product, and thus contrib~ ute to the reduction of the high cost of living. . Of course, the real object of the propaganda is to make possible the selling of oleomargarine 1n competi- tion with yellow butter, from which it is not, easily distinguishable in ap- pearance. It. is also claimed that un- der the. disguise of coloring, cheaper materials could be used in its produc- tion, and that to the extent to which the colored product could be substi— tuted in the market for butter, a high- er price would be received for an in- ferior product to that now sold in the uncolored state. It is not probable that the bill now pending in Congress will be passed, but there is always danger that some so-callcd “rider" will be attached to some revenue bill which will accom- plish similar results. Dairy farmers are today better advised with regard to the cost of their product than ever be- fore. The inevitable result of unfair competition with colored oleomargar- ine would be to curtail the production of butter, and would indeed be poor economy for consumers as well as pro- ducers. We need stimulation of, rath- er than the curtailment of the dairy industry to keep pace with the grow— ing demand for dairy products. Recognizing the possible danger from the oleomargarine propaganda, otficials of the National Dairy Union who have assumed the obligation of. safeguarding the producers‘ interests in this connection have appealed to the dairymen of the country to at once communicate with their members of Congress and emphasize the fact that under no condition will the farmers of the country submit to permit colored simmergarine to be placed upon the market in unfair competition with but- ter. A general response to this appeal will foretsall this possible event. At a recent con- ference of coun- ty agents held at the Agricultural College, definite plans were made for county agricultural work for the en- suing calendar year. As a result of this confluence twentyrfour separate projects Were considered and adopted and will be made the subject of special effort in the various aunties where cornsty farm bureaus have been organ- ized. Not all of these projects will be given the same emphasis in each coun- ty but are included in the general pro- gram for the development of this work. One important object of this confer- ence was to standardize county agent work along the lines of these several projects by bringing to bear the most advanced thought resulting from the ex- periences oi" the county agents and the research work of the various depart- ments of the college and experiment station, the heads of which depart- ments participated in the conference in which the work for the ensuing year was thus outlined. Space does not, permit the enumeration of the pro- jects which it was determined to em- phasize during the coming year, to say nothing of explanatory comment re- garding same. The various develop- ments of this work as outlined in the projects for the ensuing year will, how- ever, be nude the subject of individual comment in future issues, to the end that the tumors of the various coun- ties of the state in which county agent work has not yet been developed, y becmne more familiair with the sea-Set the, work which is being done in the amplifies already organized and the benefits wick have accrued or are County Agricultural Work. colored oleomaxgarine and substitute . distant as ever. certain to"‘aeehie a we m of those mantis: -m;u that M. it in certain, m, that the county .emt work is yearly becoming; more productive of actual and profitom re- sults to the farmers of the various counties in which the work is con ducted. HAPPENINGS OF THE. WEEK. FWW- ' The European Wain—Winter weath— er has greatly modified military opera- tions on all battle fronts. The central powers are, however, continuing their successes in a small way on the Rou- mantan frontier. They have taken the entire bridgehead position at Nanesti in northern ,Roumania. This position was tenaciously defended by the Rus- sians and 'Roumanians but was finally obliged to surrender.——Nothing is re- ported in Galicia and farther to the north where recent Russian offensives - had resulted in definite successes in the Riga district. On the western front there was artillery activity on the right bank of the Meuse before Verdun, a German attack in the Oise region, a British raid on enemy trenches south- east of Loos, and artillery and patrol activities of a minor nature in other sections. The British have renewed their attacks along the Tigris in Asia. Minor where the Turkish army has been repulsed, and according to Lon- don, the whole trench system on the right bank of‘this river is now in Brit- ish possession, and the entire right bank of the river down stream has been cleared of the enemy.—~The re- newed activity of German U-boats is again menacing England’s food supply. Experience with the undersea craft is enabling the navigators to operate in extended areas and as a result of wider sailings astonishing records in the number of vessels destroyed are being reported. Three German submarine commanders have sunk, according to their reports, 354 entente freight boats. This work is also being supplemented by the successful operation of German raiders in the southern Atlantic where cargoes consigned to enemy countries from the southern hemisphere are threatened. Germany is anxious to determine the rights of neutral sailors on board arm- ed boats of enemy countries. Germany holds these men to be enemies, while the State Department at Washington disputes this claim. It is probable that the question involved will be threshed out in diplomatic communications which have already been started. National. American troops are to be with- drawu from Mexico. Just how soon this movement will be undertaken the “far Department has not announced. The understanding is that with the return of the expedition in Mexico and the re- adjustment of the border control, all of the state troops will finally be sent. home. The total strength of the reg- ments to be returned home is 25,243 men. The American Industrial Commis- sion which was invited to France by the French Trade Commission reports that in spite of the war there has been a great deal of reconstruction work and new building undertaken by the French maple. More than 300 factor- ies have been destroyed along the bat- tle from in France. Many of these fac- tories however, have moved to other parts of the country and are‘ taking ad- vantage of exceptionally favorable wa- ter power lacations. An industrial sur- vey is being made to locate these plants where economic conditions are most favorable. This commission be- lieves that France and America are not likely to be serious competitors in the world market because the strength of each lies in different directions. The Detroit Automobile Show open- ed last Saturday night with an unex- pectedly large number of visitors. The show, which is staged in the Billy Sun- day tabernacle is the largest, ever held in Detroitand it is expected that the number of admissions will eclipse those at all former auto exhibits" in Michigan’s metropolis. In an effort to secure armor piercing projectiles at a reasonable price, the United States Naval Department. has awarded a large Shell contract to a British house whose bid for the con- trzct was tar below the lowest Ameri- can bid. Billy Sunday closed his ten weeks' revival campaign in Boston on January 21, having preached to‘1,327,5‘9'9 per- was during that time. The number who replied to the evangeliet’e appeal was 60,510, there being- 5,197 on the last day. dispute over taxes between Wayne county and the state has pre- vented the collection of state and sum- ty fundstrom property owners of this county since December 1, and a some meat of the trouble seen: M as nun" w.. nun“ “I ~' r, 1”"; ‘ Farm Accounts Fun HE High Cost of Living is cer- tainly “It.” *0 occupy the at- tention of our national congress- men, state governors, city councils, women’s leagues and mere, ordinary . everyman, who ‘continues to pay the - bills, ,is a great honor, indeed. The newspapers have become very familiar, even going so far as to refer daily to “our H. C. of L.” without any formal- ity whatsoever. 'The greater part of this deference and notoriety has come from the cities. Farmers have paid little attention. Those who have anything to sell are feeling good, and perhaps purchased a new automobile, kitchen cabinet or other .farm “happiness-producer” for the family Christmas tree. Expensive clothes, rich food, hired service and continued entertainment are not a part of farm life but, rather, it tends more to a simple and economical sort of an existence.‘ Here the greatly increased prices are not felt so keenly. The farmer is. handling more and money every year. His capital is in- creasing even if he has no more land. Permanent improvements come every season for the man who is trying to keep up-to-date. But how many keep a record of all these things as they ap- pear year after year? Some do. The majority do not. The man who has, and continues to do so, knows wheth— er he can afford to sell short when’ Brother H. C. of L. offers him big pric- es. He knows whether he has money to spend, just because he happens to have it in his pocket, or whether he should hang tight._ The Farmer’s Cash Book. Farm accounts and book—keeping have always been a bugbear. We men on the farm have been accused of be- ing slack, unbusinesslike, and nearly criminal because we do not keep a fine system of “books” like our manufac- turing and retailing cousins. This crit- icism may or; may not be deserved. I believe that nearly every farmer, wor- thy of the name, keeps a memorandum of the‘cash he pays out and the cash he receives. He may conceal it in a pocket note book given to him by some fertilizer agent, or in a school copy- book that one of his children has cast aside, or he may‘have purchased a reg- ular cash book. The form makes little difference if the accounts kept are only accurate. The average farmer does not need an elaborate set of books like the town grocer. The latter makes more sales in a week than the farmer does in a year. The big reason why so many farmers have failed in the keep- ing of satisfactory accounts is that they have considered a certain “form" necessary and have copied that of the city business man. Through some little experience in keeping farm accounts I have come to use three different divisions that give considerable “quick” information for- very little labor—and the man who worl;s out in the open air during the major part of the day does not care to do more figuring at night, than neces- sary. These three may be used to- gether or any one of them at a time. A Simple Method of Keeping Farm Accounts. First—The drawing of a farm map each year, showing the size of fields, crops planted and improvements made during the season, will give a farm rec- ord for a small investment of time, es- pecially if one of the children draws the map. Second—Without doubt a carefully , made inventory is worth more to the farmer than any other kind of book- keeping, for. the amount of timerequir— 'ed. It shows the gain or loss on the farm during a year. When times are ,“close” it will tell whether the lack of money is due to not possessing it, or, because of an investment in improve- ments. The man with his pocket full of change and .his'bank account look- . ing good, may be told, by his inventory, .‘i‘ . C -I~C}}kz M E’ ii damental to FarmEfficiency, . By ASHLEY M. BERR'IDGE to goslow, for he has been changing some of his farm capital into cash. Third—An account book wherein are kept the farm receipts and expen- ditures requires more time for an ac« curate, record but will show the farm’s profit and what the operatorgets for his labor. It may or may not include his household and personal expenses, as he desires. The Advantages of a Farm Map- The’ accompanying farm map illus- trates'a number of the records it can keep. The simplicity of this farm ac- count is so great that any person can have one. Its‘chief value is that it shows the management of crops and soils, when and where fences and drains were built, the location of all waste and unproductive land and rec- ords all permanent improvements. The higher valuation on the place than this comparison would justify. The real estate includes everything, in the way of permanent improvements that would go with the farm when sold. Live stock includes all animals un- der the various headings given. Dairy cows and work horses should be noted by name or number so that their indi- vidual value can better be estimated. Market prices, minus the cost of trans- portation from the farm to market, must govern the valuation of all live stock. The Valuation of Equipment. Under farm machinery comes a list of all the sizeable machines and should include the two or three hundred small tools, such as wrenches, pinchers, au- gur bits, forks, etc., that are found on the average farm. Excepting on a few .h‘ [pm-J ‘fl-IdS ”I if‘hnr's MIL?! \> 03““ '0': - ”a. 8‘ 20:5 E Can» I. : Unfnncrd fonds . I g . 05'th Py/c No 3. No. 7 5”, . ‘ ‘3’ 10=Fl - I V Claim Hay th31(5eedcd a, clavn) 9 .? Wilfn wlic 50:741.: __ mgzgn you”. iii“; ;, flsruvc. :3. F = . . ’ .9: Om» n], . I3 3%“ N0 2 NO. ‘I <3 5 ' Hi: 0, 5 1 ma jizn 5.1.3 3 z "I What (5"ch haw“) Corn ©@ g 5 f .. a R No.7 .. n 30:“ i in.“ u” Mom llavln wnuxrls _1 ‘ 132333389; :1 0‘75 (SN‘Y) 0000009 $ t advnyo'd Hem": ? é - " ' 1833:3322 ‘ c —- h Wkegl (FAN) EGOOQO “a D t N0. 3 3‘ 'oooooootl \ a. 30=A ; I ' 0 .EB persists _‘ ll ‘ i . 2 1 ' t“ b Haven Mir: SL415 Gravel lands The Annual Farm Map is of Practical Value in Planning Farm Work. It also Serves as a Record for Future Reference. few hours’ work necessary for the prep- aration of the map can well be given on some blustery winter day for all can be done in the house. The farm inventory should be taken at a time when nothing will interfere. Either the first of February, March or April, is a good time, for ordinarily feed and supplies are then at their low- est. The next one should be taken just one year later. The inventory is not a house affair but a real all-over-the- farm job. The man who stays in by the stove and jots down his personal property from memory, even if he could remember all of: the details, would be getting only a portion of the possible good from an inventory. Book in hand, a‘ trip from building to build- ing, writing down the items and the condition each article is in, is the proper method. If he has to go out in the field to examine his riding plow or shovel away a snow bank to find the spring-tooth harrow, things will be dif- ferent the next year. If an inventory did nothing else it would make a man take better care of his machinery. The Farm inventory. The outline of a typical farm inven- tory is here given. Under each head- ing “Real Estate,” Live Stock,” and so on, everything should be included. Care must be used in establishing the value of each article. Ordinarily it is placed too high and the farm is scarcely able to pay interest on the large investment shown. The farm itself, or real estate as it is called in the inventory, may be com- pared to similar places that have re— cently changed owners. Do not fix a very systematic farms this group of small tools is paid little attention to. Each of these tools cost a small amount. If one is lost. or lent to a neighbor who forgets about bringing it back, ordinarily a new article is pur- chased to replace it. A wagon or plow is seldom lost but how about the'ham- mers and forks? The combined in- vestment in small ,tools is more than we ordinarily think. It is much nearer $250 than $50 for the average 160-acre farm. Inventory day should be “Rally Day” for all of the small tools. Every one “saved” is something earned. The valuation of machinery requires good judgment. The original price, length of service and general care of the tool must all be considered. The market. price governs the valua- tions placed on all feed and supplies. A certain amount of money is re- quired to operate a farm and the quan~ tity on hand or in the bank, together with all bills owed to the farm and by the farm with outside parties, should appear in the inventory. Keeping the Cash Account. The cash account of the farm needs only to be accurate. A small ledger or plain note book will hold everything that is necessary. The expenditures and receipts may appear on opposite pages from each other or in different parts of the book; they may include items concerning cows, hired labor, grain, all listed together, or the dairy may have a page for its receipts, the hired help one for its details, and so on; the form is ordinarily governed by the size of the farm business. Farm' expenditures include all the cash that is paid out for labor, live} stock, feed and Supplies, new machin" ery, repairs, farm taxes and insurance, and for all other miscellaneous arti: cles. . Farm receipts include all the cash. that is received from outside for the crops that are sold. For live stock and their products, such as butter and . eggs, that are sold; for labor given to outsiders, such as working on the road, and from all miscellaneous sales, such' as old machinery, etc. The man who pays for everything by» < checks on the bank has a very good memorandum of his expenditures. They can be copied in the cash book' : once or twice each month. Otherwise ' a little note book, obtainable from any .. hardware or implement dealer free of cost, should be carried in the vest, pocket and a notation made of all pur~ chases and sales. The date, whom the transaction is made with, and the price _. should appear. The transferring of - these records to the cash book can be made at any time set aside for that purpose. Farm Accounts Puts Farm on Business Basis. The man who has his farm inven— _. tory at the beginning and end of the‘ year, and an account of the farm re- ceipts and expenditures can readily de- duct several things. If the inventory has decreased dur? ing the year the difference must be ad- 'ded to the list of expenditures. If there , has been an increase that goes with , _ the receipts. ' Then a simple subtraction of the to~ tal expenditures of the farm for the year, from the total receipts will give the farm income. Part of that income the farmer has earned himself, the rest of it the investment of capital has earned. Five per cent of the total in- vestment, shown by the inventory, must be credited to capital for if that- money was invested in other business ' or simply loaned out it would bring in those returns. When this five per cent has been subtracted from the total in- come the farmer can claim the re mainder as salary for his labor during the year. Often this is rather small. ‘ To it must be added all that the farm has furnished the household in the way of living and rent. This is often a con— siderable amount. Never has there been a time when it was more necessary for a farmer to know his business than at present. Prices are changing constantly and the opportunities for making money or losing it depend largely upon an inti' mate knowledge of his needs and equipment. Farm accounts always pay, and will during the coming years, as they have seldom, if ever, done in the past. FARM NOTES. Growing Sweet Clover for Seed. I have a field that was in beans this year, that I desire to disk and sew to oats in the spring and seed to sweet clover. I intend to pasture the clover and plow the same under after cutting a seed crop. I have been told that the" clover grows so rank that it would bother in the bundles, cure slow and make it difficult to thresh, etc. Am I correctly informed? I am informed that I should use hulled, scarifled and inoculated seed. Land is clay loam. , Have never had any difficulty in get-.- ting a catch of clover. Would sweet - clover be preferred to Mammoth clo- ver as a pasture and green manurep crop? Would the plowing under 01’, the sweet clover crop prepare the land for the successful seeding of alfalfa? What amount should I sow? Ingham Co. W.. R. C. The white sweet clover grows very .. rank on soils which are adapted to the. - plant. Like other legumes, sweet clo- ver grows much more vigorously soils which contain an abundance of lime. The best use to make of swee clover is on soils which are lowgin their} content of humus and in poor TH ta: iH‘i-Gfi? Fauna-in ‘ . ysical conditions, as this plant is e tolerant of such conditions than other of our available legumes: _; A good crop of sweet clover would go more dilficult to handle thrOugh a self-binder than an ordinary grain ‘ mop, but if it is cut at the right stage harvested in this manner. In sowing sweet clover it is important that the heed bed be well settled and firm, con- sequently disking the ground as a prep— aration for the oat crop in which it is to be seeded would be much preferable to plowing it. Hulled seed is much better for use than unhulled. The seed "of sweet clover contains a consider- able percentage of what are known as hard seeds, seeds with a coat so im- pervious to moisture that many of them will not readily germinate except ,under especially favorable conditions. Various methods of treatment have " been advocated to obviate this, such as scarification, treating the seed with incid, etc. In the writer’s experience this difficulty ’can be easily obviated, ' however, by soaking the seed for a few hours in warm water, then spread- , ing and drying sufficiently to facilitate the sowing, and sowing at once. Inoculation will undoubtedly prove profitable, as it is easily and cheaply accomplished, but as above noted, for best results the soil should be in a sweet condition, and if there is any ' tendency toward acidity, it will also be profitable to make an application of 'lime before attempting to grow the plant. Observatimi proves this in a very plain way. Sweet clover always flourishes on fresh gravel piles and along roadways or railroads where the seed becomes scattered, and often the roadside will be covered with it adja- cent to freshly gravelled stretches of road, while there will be little or none at all on exactly the same soil by the roadside where no gravel has been pil— ' ed. This is undoubtedly due to the presence of lime in the gravel which produces a soil condition encouraging thegrowth of the nitrogen fixing bac- teria for which this plant is the host, and thus promote a vigorous stand. Sweet clover is a biennial and the plant dies after maturing a seed crop the second year. Plowed down as a green manure crop it provides a large amount of vegetable matter on soils too poor to grow good crops of clover. 0n rich soils its utility is more doubts .l‘ul. It should be seeded at the rate of .ten to fifteen pounds per acre, depend— ing on the quality of the seed and con- ditions of the seed bed, which should be well packed for best results. Preparing for Alfalfa. . Wish you would give me a few point— ers on starting alfalfa. I have half an acre of sandy loam that has been used for hog pasture; had a good stand of red clover, plowed the ground this fall. Could I use bu-i-lders’ lime in the place of ground limestone, and when should seed be sown? Should it be sown alone or with barley or oats? Livingston Co. M. J. M. Ordinary hydrated lime which can g be purchased from any dealer in build- ers’ supplies will answer every purpose in neutralizing soil acidity, and for a small area such as is contemplated, 7 would be convenient to purchase and ‘ use, than would ground limestone, in ~' fact, where the alfalfa is to be sown at 7 once the hydrated lime will give quick- ‘er results than will the ground lime- stone. Probably 500 pounds per acre would be a sumcient application for immediate needs on soil which has shown no aversion to clover, which is apparently true in this case. It should preferably be sown in the spring and worked into the soil when it is being prepared for seeding. There are no fixed rules which it is best to follow as to the time or method of seeding alfalfa. In most cases where it is seeded for the first time, better firesullts are secured by sowing it alone ~ lfiitlmut a nurse crop, but on good fer- !fi‘e‘sofl, which has been previously in- sbculated, it may be quite as success- ly sown in a thin seeding of ants or y., n! it is tobe sown early in the of development it can be successfully .~ 1113 this is undoubtedly the best , Proper Fertilizers for Grain (Imps By H. J. WHEELER Formerly Director of the Rhode Island Agriculturi’l Experiment Station N the Michigan Farmer for Novem as usually treated. If, however, the ber 25, 1916, I notice an article by soil becomes unusually wet, so as to Mr. James N. McBride, entitled, exclude the air, it is true that dendri- ‘Phosphorus for Grain Crops,” in ficatioan may take place, but this is no. which he discusses the use of fertil~ more likely to resent when the nitro iners on good clay looms. gem is applied in a complete fertilizer He mentions the splendid results than when it is applied in manure or from the use of acid phosphate, from in crops turned under, for the nitrogen which I think the average reader would in these materials undergoes nitrifica- draw the conclusion that money invest- tion in the soil and the resulting ni- ed in the nitnogen and potash of a com- trate is subject to the same reduction plate fertilizer is essentially wasted. To processes in the soil. be sure, this may sometimes be the The writer of this article in the case where the land has been liberally Michigan Farmer speaks of home-mix- manured with stable manure which still 133 and the use of acid phwphate, m. contains the liquid part. It may also trate of Soda, and mriate of potash. sometimes be the case, as concerns He mites no mention of the fact that the nitrogen, where a large Leguminom if acid pumpinate and nitrate of soda cover crop has been turned under. Nev— are mixed by themselves or with M- earthless, it is not safe to assume pos— 33.11 salts and the minim is allowed to ltively from the requirements of one stand 191- some time befime its W- clay soil what will be required on an- tion, there is a considerable 105's of other, for even clayey soils vary con- nitrogen, a fact recognized by all agri- sidemblv in their requirements accord- cultural chemists. The only condition ing ‘10 their DTeViOUS manuring and under which these materials can be cropping. used by themselves without such loss Mainta’tm‘fi‘g Fertility for MaXimum is where they are mixed and applied CPOP Production. to the soil immediately. Furthermore, It may be true that there is in the this mixture is not one which is fully SOil enough potash and nitrogen to satisfactory for drilling, even though SUDDI‘Y a CF01? 0f SllCh size as the avail- i‘t has, just been prepared, and it is able phosphoric acid in the soil is can- very diflicult to drill it if it has stood able of producing, but just as soon as for any length of time. This is anoth- the amount of available phosphoric er drawback in addition to the possible 301d is made suffcient for the produc- loss of nitrogen. Moreover, if such a tion 043 a maximum 0'01), a certain formula is used for the fall seeding of amount of additional nitrogen and wheat, or for the spring seeding of sometimes even of potash, may be of oats, which must be sown early, there decided help if it is drilled in with an is Often danger of the loss of some of ordinary grain drill at the time of seed- the nitrogen by leaching owing to the ing. This is for th‘ 19350” that it in- usual heavy autumn or spring rains. If, sures an immediate and complete sup- however, only a part of the nitrogen is ply or available, plant £0001 for the present in nitrates and some is in am- young plants “'hiCh are, therefore, able monium salts and in available organic to develop a good “’0‘ system quickly. ammoniates, the danger of such loss is For this reason they are enabled to minimized. Furthermore, the three utilize more quickly and to better ad- forms of nitrogen come along succes- vantage the more distant plant fOOd sively to feed and maintain the plant stored in the soil, and larger "ODS will until it can draw upon the more slowly result. available plant food resources of the I am forcibly reminded of an experi- main body of the soil. ence I had one day when a farmer en< Crop tered my office and reported that he had “39d 125 pounds to the acre Of a may be a wide difference in the crop- fertillzer ingredient With the most. mar- producing power of the some quanti- hi‘fi. .. W... W. c . e s a e a e upon whether they are applied in such would never use anything, but that ma— . ‘ . terial. Within an hour another man form that direct loss by leachmg can called and reported that he had used the same amount of the same lug-red?» cut and that all the difference be no- ticed was a variation in the color of the crop. He declared that he would never again use any of that material. Both men were wrong, for’had the oth- er two fertilizer ingredients been used in addition to the one in the second in- stance, maximum crops might have been secured because the physical con- -produci-ng Power of Fertilizer- The facts of the case are that there take place or whether the fertilizer is compounded as suggested above. It is a well-known fact that ammonium com- pounds are held more tenaciously in the soil than nitrates, and yet they yield to nitrification with satisfactory readiness. It has now been very well established that certain simple onganic, nitrogenous compounds which are formed by the treatment of various” complex nitrogenous substances in the p , , ' fertilizer factories exist as small mole- chtmn of the sod was excellent. In the cules which plants can assimilate di- foimer case, fhmle it was possible lfo rectly Without their being first trans- go one or per 2395 we goo“ crops y formed into ammonia and nitric acid, the use of the Single ingredient, I was ‘ . . . . . . . , and these materials are not subject to sufficiently fannliar With the sod of the same ready loss by leaching as ni- the particular farm to know that that . , , _ trates when heavy rains ensue after was the limit of profitable production their application. without the use of one or both of the Bearing in mind what I haVe said at b other ingredients 0f plant food‘ the outset in regard to the variation in The L°35 01' Nitrogen ‘3 Sma-H. plant food requirements, even on soils 1 notice that the writer, in speaking of a clayey character, depending upon of the nitrogen in a complete fertilizer, the previous cropping and manuring, I says that it “is perishable in nature think it will be seen that we should be through volatilization as ammonia.” very careful about drawing too far. HOWEVER little 01‘ no ammonia iS v01a- reaching conclusions from tests on a tilized from ordinary well—drained soils single field or even on a single farm. mutuumunquuuumlmmmuuuuulmmummmwummmumumuuummumummt:muuumumuuuminimummmummtunmmImmuunmnmmi1:uuuumsumlumuuuuu method to use, since the growing crop .ter yet, soil should be used fimm a Will keep the weak in check and field which has previously grown the should dry weather come can be clip- crop successfully. red back at any time: 59 as to give the A Home’ Mixed Fertiliaer. alfalfa the best possible chance to We have a 191; of fertilizer made make a good growth Under normal from hen manure and wood ashes and weather conditions this is however, WgSh to inquire if iii Vi'IOUId behavail- , . a le to use t is to ri in wit oats not hkely to be necessary on land that and corn and if so how much could be has been so well pvepared by previous safely used to the acre? management as has this bog lot. The Monroe Co; L. W. R. seed should be inoculated with a pure - In the first place, it is a mistake to culture of the alfalfa bacteria, or bet- mix hen manure and ashes in prepar- \ ing a fertilizer to he need next sprig.“ The lithe 'm the ashes win Vanni-5e the ammonia in the manure and there will be a large loss of nitrogen which is indicated by the escape of strong ammonia gas from’the compost. It would be much better to apply these two valuable fertilizing materials sep- arately. No mention is made as to the na- ture of the soil on which this fertilizer will be used Under ordinary soil con- ditions this mixture might be more profitably applied to corn than oats. since the average good fertile soil will grow a good growth of oat straw with- out added nitrogen. It should be re- membered that this is not a. omen- trated fertilizer in the sense that the term is applied to commercial nine tunes of plant food, and-does not con- tadm sufficient phosphorous for maxi- mum results on grain crops. Aha the mechanical condition of this fertilliaer would not ordinariiy be satisfactory for drilling. Probably the but way to or play it would be broadcast and work it into the soil when some is being fitted for the crop. Distributed in this man- mtherewombemdangerefin- jury to the seed, and the crop will get theiuhlvalueoftbeplsantfcodcon— tamed during thawing season. Preparing the Soil for Alfalfa. I fallvplowcd five acres of clever and. .A piece had been cut for hay and pas— ture two years. Has grown extra good corn, etc. I desire to put a piece to cats and seed to alfalfa this spring Tested soil for acidity last week and five out of six samples taken from er treme points of field proved acid. If this is covered with manure this win- ter do you believe that commercial fer- tilizer wtmld be alkaline enough . to right the fault, or would lime be pre- ferable? Eaton Co. S. K. B. There is no doubt that it would pay to make an appficatim of l'hne on this field intended for alfalfa next year. A liberal application of ground limestone would tend to neutralize the acidity to some extent, but the use of commercial fertilizer will not have this effect to any considerable degree. A better meth- od would be to apply a liberal dress- ing of ground limestone as early in the spring as some can be. applied and work it into the soil when it is being prepared for oats. It is probable that this soil is not very acid, else clover would not have done well upon it pre- viously, in which event the ground limestone should answer every pur— pose. If, however, the soil is very acid, it would be better to make an ap- plication of hydrated fine, as this wii neutralize soil acidity much more quickly than the ground limestone. There are some objections to the use of stable manure on this land. First, it will encourage a rank growth of the oat straw, and also tend to increase the competition of weeds with the young alfalfa plants. It would be better to use the manure elsewhere, giving need- ed fertilization with commercial fer- tilizer, using a thin seeding of oats, say one bushel per. acre, applying lime when preparing the soil for the crop, and inoculating the soil or seed with the bacteria for which the alfalfa is the host plant. So handled there is every reason to expect success with the seeding and get a fair crop of cats in a normal season. Sawdust as a Fertilizer. There is a big pile of sawdust on a good road three males from my farm. My sciiis a sandy loam, but needs humus. W’ill it pay me to haul this sawdust on sleighs this winter? Saw- dust has stood exposed for 1‘7 years, so is partly rotted. How does sawdamt compare with straw for fertilizer? Will it sour the soil? Gd. Traverse Co. R, A. W. Sawdust will not decay readily enough to make it valuable for addi- tion to a sandy soil for the purpose of improving its physical condition, in fact, the only soil to which such an ap- plication could be profitably made would be a very hard clay soil on which sawdust might have a beneficial effect by breaking up the soil and pre- venting ii from baking as readily as .does a clay soil which is lo'win humus. ’53“- ‘A‘ r. ”m i l Fruit Growers’ PrOblems Discussed . ICHIGAN and New York fruit ‘growers have many things in common because the climate and soil conditions. are similar. On this account a meeting of New York fruit growers .Will discuss many sub- jects whiCh will be ”of interest to Mich- igan growers. We are therefore giving the following extracts from a report of the meeting of the "New York State Fruit Growers’, Association, held at Rochester, January 3-5, which relate to subjects Michigan fruit growers are- in- terested in. Prof. M. B. Waite, of theU. S; De- partment of AgriCulture, who has made pear blight his study for many years, said that it is a native of America, hav- ing lived on such wild stocks as thorn bushes and crab apple for an indefinite time. It spreads more rapidly, however, on trees having tender wood'and fol- iage such as the pear. The size of the germ is 1.18000 by 1.25000 of an inch and can feed only in masses. The cuti- cle on the leaves and the cork—like sub-‘ stance of the bark are impervious to Orchard Meetings Are of Value germs, if unbroken, but the blight may enter the nectary ol' the plants at blos- soming time, so bees may carry the germs from blossom to blossom. The germ may also get in at the twig tips, when the bark is tender if it is punc- tured by breaking either by wind or by accident. It may be distributed by anything that moves about, as insects, birds or persons. The Control of the Blight- It is fortunate that its host is some- times resistant to the germ because its tissue is too dry or too tough for fur- ther progress of the disease. The pear blight may be carried through the winter by “hold-overs” in some part of the tree where some ten- der portion permitted the mass of germs to establish themselves late in the fall. These hold-over blight cank- ers become sources of infection for the next year. The season of blossom in- fection is prolonged by having pears and apples near each other, as the germ infects apple blossoms after the season of pear blossoming. This is bad for the apple orchard, and has re- sulted in serious injury to some or- chards. How shall we stop progress of the blight and save the tree, is the important question. Too much nitro- genous material in the soil which caus- es rapid growth is often a cause. The more the tree is pruned the more it will blight, but it is better to strike a balance and prune when necessary. The most important single thing you can do to control the disease, is the eradication of all the “hold-overs” late in the fall. Cut the infected wood be- low the blend into healthy wood if pos- sible, then disinfect the cut surface with corrosive sublimate one to 1000 'applied with a sponge. Growing more resistant varieties will reduce blight. D. Johnson, Canadian Fruit Commis- sioner, connected with the enforcement ' the-rruit‘mspecuon act, said that in prosecute the packer or dealer who transgresses any part of the fruit act. The result was marvelous, and imme— his country apple packing had almost become a. science of dishonesty, the , “stove pipe method” of'packing apples being commonly practiced. This brought Canadian fruit into disrepute and the more progressive fruit grow- ers were compelled to get together and agitate in favor of legislation to govern the packing and marketing cf fruit. The result was that the fruit and mar- ket act was passed by Parliament. This act requires that all fruit be graded ac- cording to certain standards, and the name and address of the packer to be marked on. each closed package, togeth- er with the variety of fruit and a grade mark to denote its quality. One im- portant clause of the law providesthat the face of the fruit offered for sale in any package, whether open or closed, should be a fair representation of the contents of the package. Confidence Established. It is the duty of the inspector to in Solving Practical Problems. diate confidence was established in Canadian grades of apples. Buyers in Great Britain and elsewhere could or- der certain grades and depend on re— ceiving the grade ordered, because the packer that packed them would be held responsible and prosecuted if the fruit was not as represented. It has been found that the best way to prevent dishonest or unlawful pack- ing is to educate the packers, and so correct the evil at the producing point. To do this each fruit inspector has a district of his own in which he is held responsible by the head office. Many of these men use motor cars and are al- ways willing to assist or instruct the packers. Results from Dust Spraying. Prof. H. VVhetzel, of Cornell Univer- sity, on “Dusting Orchards as a Substi- tue for Spraying,” in summing up said that in four years of careful experi- ments dusting has given as good re- sults as spraying, with 3.3 per cent in favor in perfect apples, 1.7 per cent in favor in scab control, and 1.9 per cent. in favor in worm control. In 1916 there was a slight difference in favor of spraying, due to poor weather con- ditions for dusting, and the inability to get finely powdered sulphur. Most of the fifty-five New York apple grow- ers who dusted last year will dust next year. They got good results in dusting for peach disease control. In the nur— sery experiments at Cornell the results were always in favor of dust. The work at the Geneva Experiment Station was in line with other experiments in worm control, but not so favorable in disease control. The relative cost of dusting as com- pared with spraying experiments has shown that the costof material wasi considerably more, largely because of! the coarse sulphur and poor machinery. ' There is no reason why the cost of ma- ‘ terial need be more than with spraying, An Automobile Finish The Sherwin~Williams Company supplies many of the big automo— bile manufacturers with paints and varnishes for their cars. It is this experience in meeting the exacting tests of these large concerns that enables them to give you a paint for your automobile or your bug— gies that you. can depend upon. Renew the original good looks of your vehicles with Sherwin-Williams Auto and Buggy Paint It will stand up against mud and rain and cold, and hold its bright, new appearance against many washings and several seasons’ wear. Any Sherwin—Williams dealer can supply you. Our free booklet, “The ABC of Home Painting," includes complete instructions for painting your car Or your buggy. Write us for a copy. Sherwin-Williams Insecticides and Fungicides Lime Sulfur Arsenate of Lead All m . dry powdered Tuber—Tonic form Fungi Bordo SHE}? W/lV- WIll/A 34mm 6—_ VARNISHES Main Office 669 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, 0. sales Oflices andWai—ehouses in principal cities. Best dealers every where. Address inquiries to our main office above or to our branch ofliCe: , Chicago. Pullman Station. ‘ 3,5 1») 21.. 1 1 ,1J 1 111 LIJ L: J ,J (J ‘ (11 11 1, 1 J. . 1‘ I. 1 ‘1 11JJ ‘J 1‘11' 1111?» 1 11 1 X" 1JJ1J ’J 1.1,. 1IJ1 111 ‘ 111 11\'«. 1'11“ 11.1‘JJJ'J 1‘11‘1/11JJJ‘1‘1'. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE 11 111.111‘ ‘ .J1,J1..‘111J1 111:1J . ‘111 11 J11" J 1. \11JJ‘J‘11 J J‘J 1' 1L“ 1 J ‘ 1) "l‘ ’1 11:1“ JJC'J » JJ , J2111 ‘J H111 1J1) J J 11‘ JIJJ ‘1 1‘ 1 11.1 I" J “1 J11 1 ‘1 111.111 J 111) J1 \‘J1111‘I1 11 ‘ 11 J J1 J‘ 141N111) 11J-J1 JJJJJJ ‘1‘ JJI‘-J1 1‘.J JJ" 1. 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'11» 1111111 111111'1‘. 7111' 1,1 1 1 111 111 1111111111'111s211111;11'1 “tiiiiz " 111:. 1~‘ 111' 111'11'111" 11:111' 1-11-3111 is from Dust Swaylng 1'1111. Ii \V‘EII'1/11111 111111111 1'111'11‘ :1i‘~.1111“i‘1' 1111;1"1'11.111i1111>-‘21 $111111. 111 111 $111. . _ 11 1111111111111 1111 1111 111111 11 111 1411111111 1»\;111 111: :11» 1111111.: 11;1« ::1\1 11 11;», 1.1111111 11 :1111; 11~ 11111111 1.11111 11.1311111‘1'11111 1. I'\111‘ 111 111-1'111'1 111111111.7111'1‘1'11' " 1.~\111 111 1':1111~1.1:11'111, :11111 1.511111 1' 11! 111‘1111’ i!i \\111111 1'111‘111'111 111 17'1‘1 111111- \'c:1~ :1 1134111 11111611111111 111 1111111' 111 s1111111111:~ 11111 111 1111111' \\11.’11111‘1‘ 11111 111111~l1>' 1111' 111111112; :11111 1111» 111.1111111 111 @111 11111711 1111111111111 s1111111111'. I111~~l 111' 111111111111\11.\1\\' Yuri; ;:]1]1111;;i'11\1 1111- who 1111:1611 1:1:41 _\11::t' \.\1i‘.1111s1 1111\" 31'111’. 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'1‘111- 1'11121‘1111'1‘ 1'11sl 111' 1111311115.: :ls 1'11111 11:11‘1-11 \1'1111 s111‘11‘1'111‘1: 11\111-1'11111111ts 11:1: shtm'n 111111 11111 1111sl 111' 1112111-1'1111 1111s 1'1111s111111'111111' 111111'11, 1:11'11111‘ 111121115" 111‘ 1111'1'11;11'>'~31111111111'1111111111111'111:11111111111'}.1 '1‘1111'111411111'1'211'1111\\'11\ 1111' 111141 111'111'1 t1 1'1211 1111111 1111 11101'11 1111111 \\ 1111 311111111an 'rm-n—l i!1\\;11‘\.1:1 Runabout “n Automobile Finish The Sh61‘win—\Viiiianis C1‘111‘11‘1any supplies many 11f 1116. 1",)ig EIUIHHK'P IJIIE 1112—111111111'1111‘61'3 with [)EIIIIIEE and \"'1111“.631"1 1111 111611 11113. 11 is 111 i3 C :xpC’IICL‘IN C‘ III II I;1“C‘I.III1.1I 1 11113111“ 1‘1;>1‘:‘1:"1"1::v»1 1110.1; SOIIC\C IIIC‘III ,1 '1 '1 , IIII y01LIIIIIII11’WTI ‘5 1»; ”*11'1“ I 13:31“ 53168 II 1-; \11’11 ’ :31- C“ ‘ ‘ ”'12. j “[er I I I hem-"1,111“ 11‘1“ 111111111111 “‘1 11, 1 1111 3 1:11” Sherwin-Wiliiams Auto amI Buggy Paint ”‘1‘ hi u 1..) («—1 fi-J m A s Pg 134 3:» 1Q... It WiII 31am CI rain and coici. and 11111.1 its night up 1115111113 IICfVV E IDIUC‘HIICIIIC C par—1 {I} (r :13 1r. PC :1 p”! '1’ /4 / f'h Q: k-Q I ”\YEISDIIIQS EIIICI “6‘1. (‘1 'cl 1. Amy Sin-1‘ \~ in- \Ihiiia 113 31113131}; 31111.. 11 ~ 1 ' ' V' \9, 2.1111111” 11111114111. 1” 1“. /\15C, 111 11111111113313131117 111111 1111 3 11111111116 1.113111161111113 2111: '11. :.1111g I‘M" 1111151,”. \I, 1111' 21s 1111 1. 11.111311 :1‘11111‘ (‘111‘ 111‘ SherwianViiii "11111: Ilisti‘u'ZEIICS 11.111; Fang-1111:1618 Linw 51111111 A1‘1~'6111111' 1:11 1-11111 “.1 .. ’1' ', 'I LII/CI“ 1()!1!L 1 1 i‘ dry I)1)\T(IC 11;CI Fungi 13111610 ,1 P211111 7's 3“ 1421311. 11131153, Main 011303609 Lanai Road, N. V1,, Cic vcizuxii, C). 1.1 112'111111‘1\ 11-\!111;11111'\ 11 {IiilliliIttl‘1111111111111U111 11131111 1'11111'11111 "1.1111111 ‘i|1l\('1-'11‘~‘ 1'1111\‘1‘ 111"1111\1\ .\11111' »~,i11;111111~1-111111 1; ‘1 ER £97. 7. ‘3: ,'~ ‘ F ',"‘V‘wj‘r.. The implements that get .‘ .flg . y .. ‘4?! & One man can cultivate 3 to 6 times the as usual acreage with Planet Jr implements. l‘ They are so ingeniously designed and » ,1? scientifically constructed that with greatest ‘ “ ease they do thorough, rapid cultivation. /¥Xver two million farmers and gardeners use them to save time, lighten labor, H g and get a better yield. Fully V . guaranteed. ; Planet Jrs 'v “ «m- *~ No. 25 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double and Single Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator and. Plow will work two acres of ground a day. It is a great tool for the family garden, onion grower, or large-scale gardener. Is a perfect seeder and combined double % and single wheelchoe. Unbreakable steel frame. No. 17 Planet Jr is the highest type of single ‘ Q wheel hoe made. Its light durable construction ' enables a Utah, woman or boy to do the cultivation in a garden in the easiest, quickest and best way. We make 32 styles of wheel hoes and seed- drills—various prices. No. i New 72-page Catalog, free! Illustrates Planet Its in action _ and describes over 70 tools, including ' Seeders, \N’heel-Hoes, Horse-Hoes. Barrows. Orchard- and Beet-Cultio f" vators. lVrz’te for it today! > S L ALELN & CO Box T H E * M“! CHI GA N3 FA R All fbigger farm and garden tronsgj" 4 i when the new leaves are one-fourth to , IANgZQ, 1-9 ”’. . . and there will 'be a. large saving in :time'. The Time of Application. The secret of obtaining apples free from disease or insect injury ties in the timeliness of application of the ma- terial. This is true regardless of the material used. It has been round from experience over a number of years that there are at least four times when a treatment may prove of value. These times are, when the blossom buds show pink, just as soon as the bios- soms have fallen, (this is the important application fonthe codling math and should never be omitted), threegweeks after the second treatment, and ten weeks after the scond treatment. In order to best control apple scab the mixture should be on the trees be- fore prolonged periods of rain and fog. It has been found that. rain does not wash much of the material from the trees, and in some cases dust, has been liapplied in mist and fog. A very favor— lable time for applying the mixture is on a calm morning while dew is still on the trees. Under such conditions the dust can be applied very rapidly and very thoroughly. In order to obtain good results with dusting use a mixture containing 85 per cent of exceedingly fine sulphur and 15 per cent of equally Mei-y pow- dered arson-ate of lead. Marlee time ap— plications from both sides of the trees applying from one and a quarter to two and a halt pounds of the mixture per tree each time. Make at least the first three applications of dust, and in rainy seasons mite tour or five. The Late Spray for Scale. ’Stewart said that, since the delayed dormant application in the spraying of apples for the control of San Jose scale land rosy ankle is advocated, the ques- f lion arises as to what. value, this has in the control of scab and as to whether 1 it, its also necessary to make the “pink” lsmy. ‘We are told that the delayed— ldormiant application shortlist be made lone—half inch long. W'ill the apolitica- lltion of lime-sulphur at that stage con :trol scab, or must n second application ettervTi-ees ,7 ’ w, . .fi .fi. Directtnlnus 933?! 1U From haldmo _ was: restructuring in. mi“- A GIFT with every. early Order. When you buy Trees, Shrubs, Roses. Vines and Plants direct firom CELERY ClTY NURSERIES, you get the best at growers’ prices. We haw.- thouaaads of satisfied customers, and adding more every day. am mu m mmums. mu m- lmnsurm new. . rm cm" W Y CEILEFSOYx CITY NURSERlES “”1"“, 50. KALAMAZOO. MICH. Spray 32:53:25.335‘... Eclipse Spray Pump \_. THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL SPRAY PUl'lP '~-- MANUFACTURED For 28 years we have been supplying fruit growers with spraying utensds. One of our largestcustomers is the U. S. Government. Could there be a better/endorsement? tion—a liberal one. MORRILL & MORLEY MFG. CO., Box 6, [BENTON HARBOR, M!CH."] First in the Field with a Successful Spray Pump Grape-Nuts Send for our free literature and get our special proposi- f be made when the blossoms show ; pink? l First of all, it should be understood ithat no spraying schedule is adaptable to all seasons, on account 04' varying weather condition-s which affect the de- velopment of the scab fungus and sus- ceptibility of the fruit and foliage. Our recommendations, then, may be flhere has been iNO Increase In the price at Nor MAW ; . Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools fruit, larger Answer the farmers' big questions, crops, bigger profits. For fast - gownscgg II, grow clrons vlthlless rk fine iii: in r s ‘ . pe . ow can save in p ant- WO r 1 C B 2 OP ‘3 mg potatoes? How make high priced seed gofmheat 7 The IRON AGE Potato Planter . adventhelnbor roblemandxmwlnes the best use high priced need. Means $5 to $50 extra profit per acre. . Every seed piece in its place " and. only one. Saves Ito-2 ‘ buShels seedperacre. Uni- form depth; even 'npacii .‘ We make afnll ineet'potato machinery. Send tar bwklet tmlay. , flue WING WAY. Send ,‘ Est-them; 1917 Catalog. a ”fig: guide to 25 types and sizes of Sprayers. It’s free. THE DERENG COMPANY 194 Depot St. Salem, Grin Pumps for all farm uses. I'm". “Hill” "' rill I". p_ (Illllll' Size of Package Any Decrease in the 0r Quality til the Feed. , Inn speaking on plant diseases, F. C.’ _ ..__; stated in this way: Under fairly good. weather Win-is only the delayed~ dormant application need be made, but when the weather is cold “and wet the “pink” spray also, sbwld be made. The Control of the Leaf Spot. From the‘evirlenee at hand it ap- pears that Cherry growers will find it profitable to make at least two app-li- caetioins of spray mixture for Leaf spot. teithier lime—sulphur or bordeaux) ; just after the flopping of the petals and as late as possible before the ripening of the fruit. It is possible also that an earlier and a later application than these two may be advisable. Even though an application before blossom- ing may be of no benefit in the control of leafspot, it may, nevertheless, be advisable to make it for me prevention of blossom blight caused by the brown- rot fungus, Monika, which sometimes does considerable damage. Dr. V. B. Stewart, who has been snac- cesstul in controlling cherry leaf-spot in the nursery, recommends lime-ml phur, 12,56, with the addition of name and one-half pounds of iron sulphate to each fifty gallons to insure against injury to the foliage, New York. \«V. H. JENKINS. GUARD THE SEED SUPPLY. Any man that, buys seed with his eyes shot is gambling on the success or failure of his crop. I was strongly bummed with this thought while at- tending the annual emveution of the Vegetable Growers’ Association of Ann mes. recently in session in Chicago. One member living in Arkansas told me of the temptation melon growers there have to buy cheap seed. A great, many of them are engaged in growing Rocky Ford muskmelo-ms. Some of the grocery stores were selling melon seed flair below what had to be paid for it when Wthased from reliable seed houses. Men that planted this khad of seed got all kinds of molars. They were consequently unable to sell their ml. 0an to advantage. They had saved 35 cents per pound on their seed. and ev- ery pound of that seed produced mel- ons that sold for at least $10 less than would have been obtained for melons grown from reliable seed. The Source of Cheap Seed. An investigation was made to find the source from which this cheap seed had been derived. It, was discovered that the men supplying the seed to the grocers had collected the seed from the restaurants and hotels of Little Rock. No matter what kind of melon the res- taurants and hotels happened to use, the seed all went into the general Lot Of course, that seed was badly mixed. Naturally when melons from such seed came to be sold, they had to be sorted and sold at various prices, as the best prices are not obtainable for mixed lots of melons. A Michigan man said that. one was so likely to get: a poor lot of seed that. the safest plan was to buy seed a year ahead and try out. some of it the first year. Then, if it proved to be true the balance could be used the second year. He was compelled to this con- clusion by his own experience and by what he had seen of the experiences of others. Poor Seed Causes Losses. At the present time it is the habit, of most farmers and vegetable growers to shut their eyes and hope that the seed they are buying is all right. The corn grower can test his seed by merely sprouting some of it; but the grower of such things as melon and lettuce has to carry his testing along a good deal further than that, for he has to find out if he is getting the right variety. Every extensive grower of anything cannot afford not to test his seed, and the growers of some things must do their testing a year ahead. as in that case any real testing must cover a. De rind of several months in the summer season, and after that testing is com- pleted it is then too late to plant for H. F. THURSToN. j that season. . 4-” i» : .Don’t 59' a. Penalty. For Not Iéiowin . Get The Free Service ‘ ’ ()f’TTmose‘VVTmo [ho rmovV1> IIIHHIIIIIIHIHIIIIIIHIIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll HOME BOOK FREE There are two home books of plans. We’ll send you your choice free. The books are: “ Better Built Homes,” Vol. 2— $2,700 down; Vol. 3—52,?00 up. These books contain the best of the ideas we’ve gathered dur- ing fifty years' experience in fur- nishing good woodwork for the better built homes of America. They show exteriors, floor plans. interior trim, built-in fur- niture. Naturally, they do not show every Curtis design. Your lumber dealer can, however. He has a big Curtis catalog with hundreds of pages. By all means consult him, but send now for your Home Book. Just clip the coupon. It . 0U probably are not a lumber expert. Few men-— and fewer women—are. But that does not necessitate your taking a risk in buying the woodwork for your home. You can tell good woodwork by a simple and unfailing method. You can know, and we’ll be proud to have you know, Curtis Woodwork. You can know, for each piece,- bears this trademark: I: UI is? I S ”woonwonK "The Permanent Furniture for Your Home’ ’ llllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlllIIllllllllllllllIIlllllllll"llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllr Jlllllll .llIlllIllll"lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll . .1 This mark means that inspectors have judged the woodwork —-both materials and workmanship—and have found it .worthy of being placed in your home as our product. These men who know stand between you and the penalty that the unwary and ignorant pay when they buy unknown quality. Will you take a chance on the home of your family ?' We believe not, and to help you still more in the building you can be proud of, we will send yOu a Home Book free. / DD Windows Window & Door Frames Storm Doors & Windows x}? - Screen Doors & getter Windows The [Curtis Companies, Service Bureau 1573-1673 5. Second Street. Clinton, Iowa Manufacturing and Distributing Plants at Lincoln, Neb. Minneapolis Wausau, “[55. Chicago Sioux City, Iowa Detroit Topeka, Ken. Eastern Offices at Pittsburgh and Washington Clinton. Iowa Oklahoma City The Makers of CURTIS Woodwork guarantee complete satisfaction toits use-m. Vol.1! .. - ‘ We’re not satisfied unless you are.‘ ' Stairways Newels Sideboards Colon nades Bookcases Mantels Window Seats The Curtis Companies, Service Bureau 1573-1673 5. Second St.. cunmmwa' Wall Panels Ceiling Beams Mouldings Porch Columns Porch Rail Porch Balusters Everything in Woodwork If you contemplate building a home you should have one of . , these books. Pick out the Home Book you want—clip the cou- pon and mail it to us, today. Sending for your book obligates you in no way. We offer it simply in the interest of better- . built homes for America. Without obligation, please send me Vol. II —Homes Vol. III—Homes . Mark the book you wish $2,700 down $2,700 up Name... R. F. D ................... Town ................................................... ' State ‘ .1111 on... For All Time . The "nice lmperislnble-Silo 00" our arm by meeting a Nazca Im- imprablezgiloind Natal Hollow Tile Barns. that will stand without a flaw, a permanent orna- ment to the farm. Natco glazed hollow tile is ths ideal material for the silo and for all farm buildings. The dead-air spaces make the walls ‘ frost-resisting. The smooth. glassy surface is abso- lutely impervious to air and moisture. Never a bit of spoiled silage—goodclear to the wall and way to the bottom of the pit. The cattle will eat every scrap. The sweet, juicy silage, free from mold will hold the cows to full milk flow and put flesh on the fattening stock. Your profits will be greater than ever before. Join the “Silo on Every Farm” movement. Build a Natco 1m perishable Silo “ The Silo That Lasts for Generations” You can fill a Natco to the limit of the hip-roof. Sturdy steel bands bind the walls sofirmly that they are gwrunteedw withstand pressure from within and storms from without. Never need painting, cannot wam,.shrlnk,.or crack. Weather-proof. vermin-proof and age- proof. Simple in design—only two shapes of tile—any meson can erect a Natco. Used and endorsed by Experiment Stations No matter what you plan to build dairy barn, hog house chicken house “or garages-you need our splendid book “Natco on the Farm" Fully describes the uses ofNat~ co Hollow Tile for farm buildings. Tell us just what you are going to build Wehave monyfarm building plans to sub- mit, you solve your building prob- lems,free.Write us today. silo Natoo Site {“1111 quail per area 3 a prom my firm anchorage for joints. and will help National F1re Proofing Company 1115 Fulton Building Pittsburgh, Pa. 23 Factories—Short Heals—4 Prompt Shipments ( nod Hatch the two '15 wner freight. Down .30 Days Free Trial Think of itl—Only $7. 50 if satisfied after trial—then a few monthh payments—unrl—iou keep the Genuine Bel i.1n Melotte— the separator with the wonderful, self-buluncing hawk e latte turns so easily it will run 30 minutes after you site cranking unless eou apply brake. Wrzte for catalog—it explains even/m ins. avg-greed net 3 for a 30-day free trial. NOt a cent 1“ Advmce Then we ship the Melotte. No sales- _man calls to bother you. Use the machine 1n every way. After 80 dam send it hnc ; 11! 0 ur women if you wisl1.0r keep the peat Mo lotto eon mrock- bottom aler- 8‘1. 50c down and boluses intbe some mhlyp 311m Write for free catalogue ddetoile. Write today for "Profit- N0 Duty NOW Free ag1ylePDairying”writtcn tThe l1igli11'tarifli which hagbere- Prolelsson Benkendorf core tuttegreatllelotte .1 n . gut of Reach) of the: Amleiwzgfn 3:313:12“: cfikilemjbdw {oi'l'fnm'lifi'y' 1:31:55? armer is can on mg 1 o 'lhe Imported Belciz -1 :1 Melotte write Today“ We'll also send the new new (201111 5 in free of all dutv. od' our free tri-I, MM mow Extra r1. duction no 17 of $15 25. mm ofier Wth'cwhlle Chi-offer lm We offer youth a I or t r at th 10.1- mm, b:,-.?.:5..%.3.“m..ef The Melotte Separator me. same-g1 we charge d in Belgium N. B. ”SON. I. S. Honour. Sol: , this opportunity. Send for cutulog? “P‘1 “I I ”w‘ mum. 'AV... Chicago A fife?" practical dairy seien~ in Chicago no cable: and details S101]; 1" "I! W- pward complete. elaborate and inter-ex *HARNES o... 0.... Make . Hand or Machine Made Out of No. 1 Oak Leathexz u e guarantee them .1 bsolute- ,i}! tisfmtory. If vour dealer does not handle them. ' 111-1 0 direct to us. SHFRWOOI) HALL 00.. t . tools and Louis 31.. Grand Rapids, Mich. 95 Sent on Trial SEPARATOR . g1v1ng s lendid Thousdnds in Use ,g,,,,,c,5,,, jug. tifies investigating our wonderful offer: a bran new, well made, easy running, easily cleaned, perfect skimming separator only $16. 95. Shims worn or cold milk closely Makes thick or thin cream. Different from picture, which illustrates our low priced hinge capacity machines Bowl 1: 3 san- Itary marvel and embodies. all our latest improvements. Our Absolute Guarantee Protects You. Besides 1-. ondcrfully low prices and generous trial terms, ourofier includes our— Easy Monthly Payment Plan Whether dairy is large or small, or if you have 32mm of any make to exchange, do not /~ - fail to get our great olfcr. Our richly illustrated catalog. sent free on request, 13. a most ' first“)? beckon oncreun iWestern polntua Write today or eotalog and an our big money loving ”proposition. American Separator Co.. Box 1061. Bainbridge. N. Y. One T111 0w or The Lever Operare. ; ‘ 2 to 50 Sw1nging stanchions And CowstU} > 1 Cream - made that ill! operatic . 2m 50 swinging sunchions and cow- stop 5 with one mme- mcnt oi) the lever. stanch- ions also ophera t e singly— 2' -/' line 11 cows wit utter am cm- 1/ bed allpother latest cameos. All West g: n d Equipment guaranteed. Write for catalog—shows iullline of stanch- ’ ’ ions. also litter and teed curlers with rod or rigid track. WEST BEND BARN WEN TCO. 380501.111: Water Street We“ Baud. Wk. “ROUGH fill BI "arsggess? We Ewdrmmkw w 1 s 11111-415137)?wa 11 IL albums 8, ease s. q . (12:33:51, etdgs‘The Recognized Standard 1:. xterminator at Dru: Wu ury Stores. Economy Slueo 250. 6 Small 151:. Used the World Over Used by U. S.Go Gov’t. Bough on Rate Never Fons. Refuse ALL y-Sulutlmte: “‘14—'11 E 7M 1 c H 1G A N Ea R M E k” JAN..27, 1917. The Man Behind the COW GREAT deal has been written miss nothing that will add to his llllOl- A about the different breeds of mation upon dairy subject's. dairy cattle, much has been said Know Each Cow. about families and individual speei- But I have left until the last. the mens of one breed or another. We most important thing for him to know. have discussed roughage and grains in He should know each cow in his herd. the dairy ration, and we have figured It is comparatively easy to acquire 01‘- out balanced rations of different kinds dinary dairy knowledge. Anyone who until our heads swam; but after all, in has knowledge of mathematics and has the last. analysis it is up to the indi- studied nutritive ratios can figure out. vidual man to apply scientific knowl- balanced rations. There are plenty of edge in a way that is sufficiently prac- people who know much about the [1211'— tieal to get resulm. And so I have tak- ticular breed of cattle they may-11:11» en a little time to pay my respects to pen to fancy, but all this knowledge “the man behind the cow.” Now, what will not make successful dairymen 01’ sort of a man should he be, what ought. them unless they know the individual he to know, and what must he do in cows in their herds. order to make good with a bunch of The man behind the cow must know ‘ cows? her possiblities. He must be able to He should be something more than tell the ordinary cow from the Winner, an idealist. He should beaworker. It and do so without taking too much is all right to dream, for dreams are time. He must know when the cow is practical things, providing one does in perfect health, and must be quick to not stop working. Dreams are not-h- see when she is not normal. If she is ing if they do not come true, and to out of health from any cause, he must make them come true takes work. So possess the knowledge and practical our man behind the cow must be a sense to be able to tell what is the ,worker. And he must. keep his eyes matter. iopen, too, or he will have to a lot of What ought he 10 do? ll. is doing fwork for nothing. Often things will after all, that counts. I know any ‘need doing right away, that. will not be number of 1111311 who keep COWS who, if gdone at, all, if he is not always 011 the they did as well as they know, would fivaf'ch. He must be open-minded, too. be better satisfied with their results. :The dairy world is like our planet itself The man behind the cow I‘uusl first, film the fact that it, moves. The open breed right. "The day of the scrub cow iminded man knows this and is always is passing. It will never come back. [watching and listening for new truths Every 1111111 can not at. once breed 11 that may be of practical value to him. pure-bred herd; that takes time and Qualifications for Success. - some money. But. there are few keepers The dairyman should remember the 0f COWs who may not use pure-bred finjuncljon of Paul, “Prove all things, sires, and this Will give them H. Sl‘dl‘i ihold fast that which is good." Not. in thE‘ right direction. that our open-minded dairyman will Keep Records of individual Perform. need to actually try out everything ance. that is advocated along the line of his But the man we are writing about work, but he will prove whatever new will be ever on the watch for good in- thing may appeal to him as worth his dividual cows of his favorite breed. attention. It is possible often to prove Knowing the cows in his herd, not as a new t11eo1y bv 0111 knowledge of gen— Jerseys, Holsteins 01‘ Guernseys, but, eral principles without thing it. out first as individuals, he will treat, 1119111 experimentally. But again, he should according to their individual require- be a man of stability. When CHOP 119 ments. He will never hope to make a. has determined to make 21 success of “Brown Bessie” 01' 21 “Loretta ll." out dail‘ying he will not turn back because of an ordinary cow whose name is 1'11 01' any small Obstacle. the Jersey herd book. He has weighed As the story goes, a new fence had the milk of each cow in his herd 21ml just been completed around the grave- tested it for fat, and he knows when: yard in a. little village. The most ‘41- they are doing. There is 111) guess tractive thing about the fence was the work about it. And knowing, he will front gate. Now that, it was finished give to each cow the bed 211111 1:11.11» the prominent. men of the town were that will enable her to do, not some looking for a motto to place over the other cow’s best, but her best. I wish gate. Failing at last to find one good I might put this great dairy truth in :1. enough, they appealed to Pal, the man way to make it stick. We I’fLuHi have who had dug the holes for the posts. knowledge, a lot of it, we must breed Pat thought a minute and then said, to a definite ideal, and must stick 10 “Well, now, sure and I don‘t just, know our breed. But the thing that. will (1»- what to be saying, but, the best one I termine our success finally, more 1112111 can think of is, ‘We‘re in it, to stay.’ " anything else, is our knowledge of the The man who makes Pat's motto his, individual cow, and our doing accord- in the dairy business is certainly right ing to that knowledge. so far. I have said that he should know Necessary Knowledge. when the cow is normal, and when for Vi'hat should he know? He should any cause she is out of health. Cows know some things that must be learned that are liberally fed often so off their by prac1ical experience. The older I feed. That is, they either 0.11. less grow, the more I appreciate men and than usual, 01: refuse to eat :11 all. women who are really practical. But Use Care in Feeding. the practical dairyman must. make his The successful dairynmu will be practice conform to the best of up-to- very prompt, in all such cases. A little date knowledge if he would accomplish delay may result seriously, 'while the most in his work. He must, read prompt attention 10 the cow usually dairy literature. Not all of it, i’orlhere takes cave of the situation whhout, is a lot of it, and he must, have plenty much trouble. Allow the cow to 1111518 ‘ of time for actual work. .But he must one feed entirely, give her but, little read enough to keep pace with the best next time, and gradually get. bur-L: m thought in his business. And then he the usual amount, omitting 131v griiri must know how to apply what he reads. for several days in bad cases. A 111111.111. He will be able, then, to distinguish be- of epsom salts giVen to the cow :11 tween the things that are worth road- soon as the trouble is discovered xviil ing, and those that. have no practical help matters. wonderfully. Our 1112121 value. will keep this simple remedy always If he has a lot of good common sense on hand. He knows that the avr—ragr- he should know something about vet- cow seldom needs medicine of 3.11:: erinary science, but otherwise, “A little kind, but she does need intelligent :11:— learning is a dangerous thing.” iention and now and then some sim- He should knovveverything that will ple remedx. help him in his work and to this end But it is in the handling of the fruit-r he should cooperate with his neigh- great cow that the right man i. re tea? .«beos, should keep close to the dairy ed. Great records have followed each department of the college, and should other during the past few‘ years, until we won or so . imes' if there'is any limit to what a 00w can be made to do, but in each case of these splendid performances we ought not' to forget the man who has made it possible. Someone has said, “The man who breeds scrub cows is a scrub, he who breeds grades is a grade, but that man who breeds pure-breds of high rank is a thorough—bred.” I am not going to say that exactly, but I do want to em- phasize the fact that the building of a good dairy is up to the individual man, and the other truth that the man who takes an ordinary bunch of cows and “sticks and hangs” through all sorts of hinderances, breeding, weeding and feeding as best he knows, until at last he develops a splendid herd, and per- chance an animal with a magnificent record, is a thoroughbred and deserves to be ranked with the world’s great men. Oceana Co. W. F. TAYLOR. DAIRYING PROBLEMS. How Large a Silo. I would like a little information in regards to silos. Will a 10x30-ft. silo feed six cows 12 months? Will silage spoil in hot weather from not feeding enough of it? Will an 8x26-ft. silo feed six cows for one year? Have 40 acres of land, and basement for six cows, but no pasture to speak of. I am in the berry business mostly, but I am getting sick of it on account of the scarcity of hired help. I want more manure to ‘raise good corn, but the stalks are a nuisance and a big waste when fed dry. Please give me some pointers. There are plenty of silos around here. One man says yes, and another no, and therefore I am on the fence. I can’t keep more than five or six cows at most. Genesee Co. G. E. P. A silo 8x26 would hold about 26 tons of silage which would hardly be enough to feed six cows every day for a year. But a silo 8x30 will be of sufficient ca- pacity. Your cows will not eat, or should not eat, over 30 lbs. daily of silage. A silo 8x30 will have 30 tons capacity, which will furnish approxi- mately a sufficient amount. If'you should run a little short in summer you could feed a little less, and more . hay or you could cut green grass or clover and soil them for a few days. I don’t think you will have any loss from feeding six cows from an eight- foot diameter silo. Corn Meal egg Wheat Bran. y I would like r opinion as to a good balanced ration for my cows. I have bean pods, corn fodder, clover hay, oat straw and ensilage, as rough feed for them. At the mills around here I can get only bran, cow feed, , and corn meal, oil meal, and cotton- seed. Shiawassee C o. N. L. You can use all of your roughage to good advantage. Feed silage twice a day and hay once a day. The other feeds may be fed alternately as con- venient. For grain you can get noth- ing better than corn meal and wheat bran, equal parts by weight. Mix two parts of this with one part oil meal, or one part cottonseed meal. Moulldy Silage. My silage was put in dry this year and there are some mouldy spots in it. Is it likely to do any harm to the cows. If so, how will it affect them, and what would be a remedy for them? Oakland Co. A. S. W. A little mouldy silage does not usu- ally injure cows. I would throw out the worst of it. Of course, Iwould pre- fer not to have any mould at all, but you want to use all of the silage you ‘ can and not injure the cows. Now feed as little of the mould as you can and probably the cows will not be injured. The trouble is, all moulds are not alike. Some are apparently harmless, ' others are not. It is something ilke toad stools and mushrooms. One can scarcely tell the difference by their looks. If you eat one and it kills you it is a toad stool, but if it does not kill you it is a mushroom. Thousands of cows eat a little mouldy silage with no apparent injury. COLON C. LILLIE. ~ ' John Deere No. is accurate. It has the John Deere Nat- ural Cell Fill, Edge De- livery Seed Plate. Sur- face of hopper bot- tom and openings to seed cells are oblique, or sloping. Kernels move toward an enter the cells in t eir natural posi- tion. They do not have to be tipped on ge. Merely move foot lever to change numberof kernels per hill. Drilling distan- ces varied, an change hilling to drilling or back to hilling made easily. John Deere Corn Planters Accuracy in a corn planter means uni- form drop— number of kernels the same in each and every hill. If the planter misses only six kernels in every 100 hills, the loss in yield is nearly two bushels per acre. Accuracy in planting has been the main object in designing John Deere planters. One of the many advantages of using a John Deere planter is that with proper handling it will plant practically 2, 3 or 4 kernels in every hill, as desired. The Spreader with the Beater on the Axle , the beater on fled the con- struction, elimi- ed on axle. Mounting '. the axle simpli- , John Deere Spreader nated troublesome parts and LOW downnwith his made possible a successful low- down spreader with big drive Revolving rake, wheels. Therearenoshaftstoget driven by manure out of line, no chains to cause trouble, and no clutches t0 ofmanure.Ballbear- adjust. The only spreader with ing eccentric apron- beater and beater drive mount- drive wheels out of the way. Easy to load. moving toward the beater——no bunching drive—a new and ex- clusive riving device. a es uniform spreading certain. Widespread attachment for spread- . i n g se ven feet wide can ‘1‘ be furnished . No chains nor gears. Quickly re- moved. OO KALAMAs-fr Will Solve Your Silo Prob They’re built to meet the exacting farmcrs’ needs and are the best in design, material and workmanship—— combining every desirable feature a silo should have and embodying the “know how” acquired through more than twenty years experience in silo building. 1Glazed Tile Silos This construction is fire—proof, frost-proof,storm-proof, decay-proof, vermin—proof. Galvanized reinforcing. quires no paint, no upkeep expense or repairs. First cost~ is the last cost—a written guarantee goes with every one» Wood Stave Silos t Your choice of four time—defying woods. Tthalamazoo is the only factory where this outfit is manufactured complete from the raw material to the finished product. Our silos are quickly and easily erected by inexperienced home labor. All Kalamazoo Silos are made with Galvanized Steel Door Frames, contin- uous doors, forming safe ladder entire height of silo. Write today for our free descriptive booklet, and early sales plan. KALAMAZOO TANK 8: SILO COMPANY, Dept. 100 Kalamazoo, Mich. Ear-w ' r 156 a e [1 00K FREE refeanEe (W, book—tells all about a com- , . plete line of farm implements and how to adjust and use many of them. A practical encyclopedia of farm imple- ments. Worth dollars. Describes and illustrates Plows for Tractors; Walking and Riding Plows; Disc Plows; Cultivators; Spring Tooth and Spike Tooth Harrows; Disc Herrows; Alfalfa and Beet 0 Tools; Farm and Mountain John Deere Beet weeders Cultivators cut an ’ oven depth. Pivotal wheel foot dodse- Wheelsnuto- John Deere Four-Row Beet matically return to ‘ position. lScederS Tools easily adiust- me- .of each row. Lifting ’.lever for tool bars. Hinged pole applies draft direct to raw- bars—relieves horses' necks of strain. Steel tool frame, well braced and strong. 4 Can furnish also , two-row walker or rider. John Deere Beet Tools ”I: 3° . *9 The John Deere No. 15 Beet =- “’"w" 1 , Cultivator cultivates four rows shovels, deer tongues, diamond- point shovels and weedingknives. ed. Shovels can be They plant fifteen to thirty Zigzag?“ 9" "”3“” pounds of seed per acre. Different widths of rows and raising and lowering depth of planting may be had. We ons; lnsi e Cup and Ports le Grain Elevators; Corn Shellers; Hay Loaders; «Stackers; Rakes; Mowers and Side Delivery Rakes; Hay Presses; Kaffir Headers; Grain Drills; Seed. ers; Grain and Corn Binders. This book will be sent free to everyone stating what imple— ments he is interested in and asking for Package No. X- 5. JOHN DEERE, MOLINE, ILL. at a time, and does the work right un- der the most trying conditions. A great variety of equipment can be furnished—disc duck feet, irrigating are leaders in their There is a big advan- the implements he sells, and he is on the ground to see that they make good. He makes his home in your locality-~— the place his goods are W m D He handles a line of high—grade implements "-and you can see before season, when work is m goods he sells. w lems ; 3.3.1952; Your Home Town Dealer tage in buying imple- n’t in stock just exactly ments of your home- the style of implement town dealer. you want, he can give you quick service in get- He gladly “backs up” ting it to you. have been established in various sections of the sold country. Every John iently located to one of these houses. you buy. In the busy two supplies of imple- pressing, he can furnish by your home-town deal- repairs promptly for the er and that of the factory Withstand the storms and destroy- ... .2 V 5 unnumu ,‘ mi" ‘ .1 . If, by chance, he has- John Deere factory arehouses with im- ense storage rooms eere dealer is conven- This, really, gives you ents—the stock carried arehouse. "The Gibraltar of Silos" will n2 influences of ages. Built of ' vitrified Brazil fire clay tile, im- pervious to air and moisture. Re- inforced with steel. The strongest and most permanent silo in the world. Absolutely air-tight and 100% efficient. Never needs paint- n1, repairing or rebuilding. Write today for illustrated Silo Book (; Brazil Hollow Brick & Tile 00., Brazil. lnl. l Re- l . _ ncxs msr K 0 Back who 3 l l With a FOLDING RAWIIG IIM‘HINE. 9 (101103 by ONE IAN}- 10 hours. bend for Free catalog No. E 44 showmg low price nznl latest improvements. First order secures agenii; Folding bowing Mesh. Co" 161 W. Harrison St“ Chicago. Willi SUPE High orlow wheels- RIOR SILOS .vv Soldpn guarantee. Shipped on approval. Pay for 4 the min after you have ins .ected it. at. the cur. Prices- . for January orders: 10132 regon Fir. clearone p‘lece stave 8168- 111x32 Redwood, clear two )lece stave 183. M WAGONS Delivered L’llc rate points. Write or other sizes. (. SILO SUPPLY 00., - — DAYTON. OHIO Wagon arts of :1! steel or war d_-Wid° w d by married man « xpenienced es form n . . n - . .' " ' ' or arrow tires ! a_ te manager. position on farm about Apr. kinds. heels to fit lst. State wages. llox 91.32. Montague, lfieh. n runni . “immuaulki'éfifftl’. When Writ .. 35El-8l..0ulne9,lll. ing to Advertisers Please Mention The Michigan Farmer. ‘ James planned and equip- ped daiiy barns mean m01e milk and less \\ work. Make y your dairy barn an efficient work shop and profit ' makei. Install _ Give your herd contentment ' land comfort and the\ ’11 give you more milk. James equipment is the practical profit- -maker that thousands of America’s dairymen use. Tell us when you intend to build or remodel and for how many cows— we will send you the big “Jamesway” Book Free. James Manufacturing Co. E31831!!! street, Ft. Atklnson, Wis. Elmira, NJ. 0.8. ZIEGLER 00., DE UIVAL SEPARATOR 60., on, San Francisco and Seattle —__ "l l 1 l-‘OO‘I' MERSO 1m PLOW -—l:he share comes off or goes on in 5 Seconds. No nuts to turn—no wrench needed—just your hands. Saves time and work ——helps you get plowing in on tzme. Built for tractor or team. One of the many implements in the E- B line. Backed by 65 years' expe- , , rience. Look for the E- B trade mark on the imple— ments you buy. Our pledge of quality—your guide to more profitable tanning. Emm-Iranliaghafllmphnanl Emu-3.) 78 W. Iron 81. ,laelllarull Renee send me free literature on articles checked: .l Nana Hay ‘laab ] Iranian. Baa Iona-a Lialua ' Flam IWI Dermal ] Trauara. hu- laann Wagons J thrash-n Spreader- quiaa ] Cara Shallara [ Irllla Auto trailer: I Saw Mina ; Plantar! Pal-la Machinery 1 lam-Puma ‘ Name -'nuca11howathatwnmboau baa lace udder or toata the milk comes hard and the cow la meatleaa and irritable. A ‘ cow that is nervous and moor-tenable can- not yield be full milk Baa aim la a wonderfully eflectln. healing ointment. and quickly clears up chem, bauim, inflamma- A valuable aid in treating hunohea and autumn Have a , manage on hand and been little hum from . Bettina biz 12°11." . a w lead dealers and gel- > Mm “cannon on. » Lynda-villa Vt. ' T HE annual meeting of the Mich- igan Improved Live Stock Breed- ers“ and Feeders’ Association held .at the Agricultural College last week was fully up to the standard of previous years in points of attendance and general interest. As usual, most of the breed meetings were held on Wednesday in the various rooms as- signed to them in the Agricultural Building at the College. Most of these meetings were well attended and en- thusiastic in character. Brief reports of their sessions will be given in a fu- ture issue. The Cost of Producing Milk. Al the first session of the general meeting held \Vednesday afternoon, an interesting feature of the program was an illusu‘ated address by Prof. A. C. Anderson, relating particularly to the studies in the cost of milk production which have been conducted under the auspices of the Dairy Department of the College. Prof. Anderson explained in detail the methods which were fol~ lowed in the collection of data relating to the cost of producing milk. Briefly summarized, the price basis was made as follows Upon the value of the investment in buildings, yardage and water supply ten per cent. annual- ly was charged to the dairy as part of: the cost of: milk product ion, this charge being estimated to just cover the inter- est on the investment, taxes, insurance and depreciation on this necessary equipment. Upon the value of the cat— tle estimated wholly from the dairy utility standpoint, a similar charge was made to cover the same items, ex- cept that in this case twelve per cent, of the value of the dairy cattle was an— nually charged to the cost of prodde- tion. In the item of dairy equipment twenty-five per cent of its value. was charged to the account of milk produc— tion for the current year. Feeds, in- cluding bedding, were figured at their sale value in the barn. Cost of pas lures was estimated at five per cent. of the value of the land, plus the cost, of upkeep of fences. Under overhead costs were grouped a number of fac- tors not otherwise classified, including cash sundries, or small items purchas- ed, or small sums expended on account of the dairy, also veterinary services, cost of drugs, etc, tuberculin tests and losses, and finally the excess earning power of the owner of the dairy as compared with the cost of hired labor, which was figured at about fifty per cent above the average labor cost. The silage used was figured to have a value of $4 per ton, other feeds being charged at their market value in the burn. In figuring the receipts, the val- ue of the manure was estimated at ap- proximately $1.50 per 1011, or $17.59 per cow in the 1915 test. No credit was given for the value of calves and no overhead charge made for mainte— nance of a herd sire, it having been de- termined that these two factors were about equal. Figuring on this basis the annual cost of keeping a cow was in 1915 found to be as follows: ' Cost Per Cow. Value of feed .................. :15 64.72 Value of labor ................. 41.96 Overhead ..................... 43.61 Total ....................... $150.”9 P rod uct Per Cow. Milk .......................... $139.01 Manure ....................... 17.59 Total ....................... $156.60 In 1914 the relative values were as follows Cost Per Cow. Cost of feeds .................. $ 67.99 Labor ........................ 44.22 Overhead ..................... 38.36 Total ....................... $150.57 Product Per Cow. Milk ...................... $141.35 Manure ...................... 17. 45 Total ....................... $:———_1 ’18. 80 In estimating the present cost of the product from data gathered in work now in progress, Prof. Anderson esti- mated the probable present cost of milk on the following rate of increase in various items as follows: Estimated increase in labor cost, twenty—five per cent; in roughage, cost ten per cent; in cost of concentrates, thirty-five per cent; in cash sundries, drugs, etc, fifty per cent; in barn tools, fifty per cent; in additional earning power of mana— ger as compared with common labor, twenty-five per cent. He deduced that a conservative estimate of the cost of producing 100 pounds of milk at the present time on the basis of computa- tion above described would be between $2.00 and $2.20 per cwt., as compared with $1.91 per cwt., and $1.85 per cwt., respectively, in the two tests described in detail in his lecture. Dairymeu everywhere will be inter- ested in knowing that the data gather- ed in these investigations and demon- strations are now being published in bulletin form and that the bulletins will be available for general distribution in the near future. This feature of the program was of great interest to the large number of dairy farmers who came primarily to amend the breed meetings. The Banquet. On W'cdnesday evening the members of the organization participated in a banquet tendered by the State Board of Agriculture in the large dining—room of the \K'omen’s Building at the Col- lege. Chairman Graham, of the State Board noted as I‘oustmusicr. After the mcmbcrs had partakcn of the excellent dinner prepared for them under the auspices of the Home. Economics De- partment of the College, toasts were responded to in a happy manner by the various speakers fronr outside the state, College officials, members of the Legislature and others. This feature of the meeting added the social ele- ment in a pleasant manner, and as us- ual was enjoyed by the stock breeders and feeders who participated. The Farm Building Problem. Following the comprehensive report by Secretary Brown of the last annual meeting and a brief address by Presi- dent Schantz, the first number on the Thursday morning program was an address by Dean Shaw on “The Farm Building Problem.” Dean Shaw hand- led his subject in a happy manner, tak- ing up the subject from a general standpoint, rather than from the standpoint of details, which are to a great extent an individual considera- tion. He. referred briefly to the evolu— tion of the farm building problem from the period when building material was plentiful and the farmer's problem Was to get rid of the timber, and when the best of it could be Cheaply utilized in building operations, to the present time when'timber has become relatively scarce and labor is a much more im— portant factor than in the early period of fa1m building. ’ He roughly divided the farm build ings found thioughout the state into three classes, viz: good substantial buildings adequate to the purposes for which they are needed; old buildings which are more or less dilapidated and unsuited to present needs, and new buildings which have been constructed often with particular regard to their adaptability for special purposes rath— cr than to their cost. New buildings were subdivided for purposes of discussion into two classes, viz: rational and luxurious. In speak- ing of the illustrations and descrip- tions of farm buildings given in the press and through other mediums he emphasized the need of the placing of more emphasis upon a rational type of building adapted to the average farm— which would give a maximum of ser- vice for the purposes needed at a min- imum of cost. In planning farm build- ings too little thought is given to their construction, the type being too often dictated by the local carpenter rather than. planned for the greatest utility in ' se. , ' ’ In discussing the economic factor of farm buildings in our farming oper- ations Prof. Shaw referred to the fact that the last census showed the value of our farm buildings to be $1,088,000,- 000. Stupendous as is this sum, yet the fact was pointed out that the total value of farm buildings, implements and machinery aggregate but 26.2 per cent of the total value of our farm lands, and the point was raised as to whether this was an adequate propor- tion of investment in this class of farm equipment. While the fact was pointed out that the live stock farmers was far better equipped in this direction than the av— erage of other farmers, yet the aver- age percentage of investment in build- ing equipmenteis too small for maxi- mum etficicncy. The economic import- ance of this problem to the average farmer, however, was emphasized by an illustration of a proposition which was recently submitted to the speaker by a. farmer in need of advice. In this case the farmer’s resources were limit- ed and he recognized that three classes of invstment were required to in- crease the etficiency of his farm, viz: buildings, fences and drainage, and he sought advice as to the relative im- portance of these three classes of in- vestments. Frequently the farmer of limited means or the young man just starting out for himself is obliged to meet and solve these and similar prob- lems. Prof. Shaw did not diverge from his subject to discuss the relative im- portance of these factors, but. gave this example to illustrate the importance of a proper consideration of this phase of farm management. He dwelt at some length on the pos; sibilities of rejuvenating old buildings which with some remodeling would still afford generations of good service, and emphasized the importance of Iii-s1. giving such buildings a proper founda- tion and a good roof as a means of preserving them for a maximum of fu- ture usefulness. In touching upon the matter of loca- tion, Prof. Shaw expressed the opin- ion lhat in general the location of farm buildings is unsatisfactory, and the general building policy is uneco- nomic. While in many cases the mat- ter of location cannot be profitably changed, yet where buildings are to be constructed or remodeled their proper grouping is important, and the combi- nation of smaller units into larger buildings is good econbmy. He would prefer to have the buildings conven- iently grouped near together and pro- tect them by a proper equipment of lightning rods and adequate fire and cyclone insurance. He emphasized the fact that the business of farming had come to be somewhat of. a mechanical business through the development of modern farm equipment, and that there was plenty of opportunity for the de- velopment of the mechanical instinct, in adapting the farm buildings and equipment to the special needs of the farmer and particularly the farm upon which live stock is made an important factor of production. “The Place of Live Stock upon the Efficiently Managed Far-m.” This was the subject of a very able address by G. F. Warren, Professor of Farm. Management at Ithaca, New York. The speaker had many careful- ly prepared charts giving the results of investigations in farm management, which clearly pointed to facts of great economic value, which personal expe- rience and observation alone could never teach the individual farmer, thus illustrating the value to our ag- riculture of investigational work along this line. At the outset, to demonstrate the possibilities of maintaining and in- creasing soil fertility through live stock farming Prof. Warren referred to an Ohio experiment which had been conducted for twentyoone years in a manner to. forcibly demonstrate the great value of farm manure in this 1: I 'WhyMore HE danger of over-production of horses is remote. It costs more to produce them than any other class of live stock. For thatreason many farmers sit back and proclaim that it doesn’t pay to raise horses; that there never was a time when the horse market was so dull as now; that the motor truck and tractor have killed the horse business and the horse is a thing of the past. Some people believe all of this, even thoughthe truth of the mat- ter is the opposite. Those who have allowed such thoughts to direct their operations for the past five or ten years, will soon see the error of their ways. it takes time to make much headway in the horse business. Five years are needed to grow a horse. At best one should not expect more than two colts from three mares as an av- erage per year. Moreover, not more than sixteen per cent of our farmers are raising colts. Not long hence the American farmer will wake up only to learn that a great opportunity has passed. A Shortage of Horses. The next ten years is bound to see the greatest demand for horse- flesh the world has ever known. It can’t be met on short notice. The man who is breeding every mare old enough, to the best. stallion available and is taking proper care of the off- spring is the man'who is sure to be re- warded. There are plenty of men who have bought and paid for farms within the past ten years by their purebred draft mares. In the same community there are farmers who are no better off financially than they were a decade ago because they failed to foresee the profits from using the right kind of horses in their farm work. The men who have made money and who are going to reap the fruits of their efforts in the future are those who early saw the undeniable need for heavy draft horses for farm work; who bred that kind and who will continue to do so without a halt. Cheaper to Raise than Buy. Why is there a general tendency among farmers to buy their horses rather than to raise them? Farmers say. “1 don't want to be bothered with a colt. When I get-ready to plant corn or cut wheat I want horses ready to work; I don’t want to have to pay $25 for a. little scrub colt and then have all the bother to raise it, besides." Men with such ideas have to buy a horse or two nearly every spring at a cost of $150 to $250 a head. Instead of having a horse or two to buy, better have some to sell. There is no unusual training necessary. Any farmer can raise good horses if he will only use common sense. He can even succeed with pure-bred drafters if he will select good parent stock, take reasonably good care of them and develop the off- spring rightly. Therein lies the secret of success. The Cause of Demand. A careful consideration of the situa- tion cannot fail to convince us that there is no danger of an over-produc- tion of heavy draft horses for our farm and cityuses. Almost a million horses and mules have been exported from this country in the last twenty-seven months for use in war. These figures show almost one horse or mule taken for every twenty-five left. As surely as this war continues another two years, ' good farm horses will be at a premi- um; and even after the war is over, exports will not cease, for thousands .of horses will be needed to start Eu- ropean agriculture anew. It follows, as a necessary conse- quence, that the demand for pure-bred draft horses for breeding purposes will continue to be good. Importations have been, to all practical purposes, cut off. We are producing only twelve or thirteen thousand pure-bred ‘draft horses eligible to registry. This means, in substance, that we are producing Draft Horses Shoul By WAYNE DlNSMORE -means of eradication can be made by d /Be 3er only five or six thousand stallions fit for service, per year, when we need at least seven or eight thousand. An ex- cess of demand over supply always makes good prices, and the present is , no exception. The farmer who uses heavy draft mares does better farm work, and rais- es bigger crops, than he who relies on small horses. Furthermore, he has horses to sell each spring, at a profit. If you don’t believe it, go ask any coun- try banker for the name of the most successful farmers in the neighbor- hood. You will find them to be- live . stock farmers, and men who keep and use heavy draft mares, either grade or pure-bred, in their farm work. OX WARBLES DAMAGE CATTLE. The characterstic lumps or swellings which may be found under the skin on the backs of many cattle from January until April contain grubs. If these grubs are allowed to remain, they will complete their growth, drop to the ground and transform to heel flies, which may reinfest the cattle during the spring and summer. The grubs weaken the cattle, cause them to fall off in flesh and milk, and decrease the value of the hide. The beef in the im— mediate vicinity of a grub becomes slimy and of a greenish color, and is known to the butcher as “licked beef.” On an average the damage to the hides is placed at one-third their value and the loss of beef to each infested animal ranges from $3.00 to $5.00. Removing Grubs. The grubs may be pressed out through the opening at the top of the swelling. A sharp knife and a pair of tweezers will often facilitate the work of removing the grubs. Care should be taken to crush all the grubs removed, to prevent their further development and transformation into flies. It is ad- visable to examine the cattle for lumps or swellings over the back every two or three weeks during late winter and early spring to detect the pest. Vari- ous oils are often used. The lotion is either smeared over the infested region or applied to the mouth of the breath- ing hole of the grub. One or two appli- cations will usually be sufficient. The objection to this method is that the wounds do not heal readily unless the‘ grubs are removed. Some have claimed that the arseni- cal and coal tar dips can be used in the case of large herds which can not readily be treated by direct removal of the grubs. It still remains to be deter- mined, however, whether practical the use of dips. Dips applied during the spring and summer will no doubt kill many maggots, and eggs which are attached to hairs on animals’ bodies. The 0x Warble Fly. l The adult of the ox warble is a fly! about half an inch long, ve'ry hairy, and resembles a small black honey bee. The females in depositing their eggs on cattle worry and torment the animals and frequently cause them to stampede for shelter or water. The fly does not sting or bite, but the animals seem to have an instinctive dread of its ap- proach just as the horse has for the bot-fly. Fish oil, train oil, and other sub- stances are often recommended as a spray to keep off warble flies. To be effective, their use would have to be continued during the spring and early summer, and sucha practice would be difficult and expensive and impractic- able except in the case of small herds of valuable cattle. Missouri. T. J. TALBERT. Testimonial. “I call your paper one of the best I have ever used for my business, selling Ferrets. I expect to be with you again another year. ' Calls and orders came pouring in from the Michigan Farmer. Hie l. it Ht 1 tilt é, ”it!” IIII: '7‘ ll illi... ‘ /" ' l~ ltttxttlt Best and Cheapest Service in the World Here are some comparisons of telephone conditions in Europe and the United Here we have: Continuous service in prac- tically all exchanges, so that the telephone is available day and night. A telephone to one person in ten. 3,000,000 miles of interurban or long-distance wires. Prompt connections, the speed of answer in principal cities av— eraging about 3% seconds. Lines provided to give im- mediate toll and long—distance service. As to cost, long-distance service such as we have here was not to be had in Europe, even before the war, at any price. And eXchange service in Europe, despite its inferior quality, cost more in actual money than here. Bell Service is the criterion for all is the most economical as well as the most efficient servant of the people. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES One. Policy_ One System “mini mm '1 .155 States just before the war. In Europe: Nine-tenths of the exchanges are closed at night, and in many cases, at mealtime. . Not one person in a hundred has a telephone. Not one-eighth as many miles in proportion to population and territory. ln the principal cities, it takes more than twice as long for the operator to answer. No such provision made. Tele- phone users are expected to await their turn. the world, and the Bell organization Universal Service Finely ground, goo in your operations Established 1875 PRICES ON 1 Saves l5% to 20% of Food Keep Stock Healthier Crush ear corn (with or without shucks) and Grind all kinds of small am. [0 sizes 2 b0 25 H. P. Conical a a d gnnders~dif- ferenl: from all at ere. lightest Runnin Feed Mills ”lent Handytooperate. Ask whY' and ' ‘ state size of your engine. . ~ "I We also make Sweep Grinders. A f Id V 1 FREE Full. bruit“ Mixing.“ 0.. D.”.P. BOWSHER 00- South Bond. Ind. 1D - 5. WA til-u;L;;J...._.:E M "j Dehorned cows give more milk; take less room: are critic and easily han- dled. Steers atten quicker and are sea—they pay better. a new Improved Keystone Doharner removes horns quickly cleanly and safely. Shear has sliding cut; no bruismg. Easy to dehorn. Money— ack guarantee. Send for booklet. M. 1'. Phillips. Box 126. Pomeroy, Pa, -—-N. A. Knapp, Rochester, Ohio.” Jay Brand Cotton Seed Meal We highly recommend this Brand to your consideration. runs uniform in analysis. Cotton seed meal is cheapest concentrate on the market, and no grain ration is balanced without it. Animals need protein. results are absolutely necessary to show proper profits farm roughage, less grain, and get larger profits. Let us quote you. F. w. BRODE '& co.( Celebrated — Owl Brand Cotto Seed Me 1—41 t 437 ' OWNER : n a o a protein S { Dove Brand Cotton Seed Meal—38 ,‘2' to 41 % protein ,_.. 36 to 38 per cent Protein d yellow color, and free of excess lint, Everything now is high, and best Use more cotton seed meal, more BRANCH OFFICE DALLAS. TEXAS MEMPHIS, TENN. incorporated 1915 REQUEST Letz Sell Sharpening Plate Running . . em ty does not in— Jure t (am-actually puts on an edge. . One set of Letz plates wn grind 1000 to 3000 butholn—outlastB to 5 sets ordi- nary plates. Sllont running and , ,. self-aligning. Letz grinds all grain t " and forage crops fine as dust in one ‘4 grinding — ear corn sna ped corn, oats, wheat, alfalfa, .c over, etc. a Make your own appetizmg combina- \ l v" vr-TIT‘T‘ZYJ’. 4— tion stock foods and save fifty per 0\ ~. 4 'cent waste in feeding rougha e. Quaker City Feed Mills Feeding Book mailed free. ’ Grind corn and cobs, feed. 8 LETZ MFG. COMPANY table meal and alfalfa. 210 East St" Crown , Poll-It. Ind. On the market 50 year]. and and power. 28 a . .80 to 840. III! 'l'l AI— ._ rite for can! and turn machinery bargain . , > I'll! A. W. 87““ .00. , _ no”, 04727-31“ EMILJMW » Baal. l-IIII-IIII this“ III. ' Mention tho Michigan Farmer when with: Martian: .11, r—«w ......Wum "“.;::f-.E‘~ 37:; , l lllli "”u .. (w TGWN g Hll P TAX “Ewoswmesm N N D’EWO .. “‘00 t“ o-niut on pli.u.¢-.g ... n .. “Inna en slob-y n uonu- no u u\ II9| 9 :swrmumiesmmsmnam homeslormyyeam. ‘l'heyrepresentahigmletyforevery use—Mbathroomsmchensandhomeiaimdries. Standard" fixtures not onlymeans getting the hipment that is backed by experience and service—it means that your home is it with eon- Monounsatmsoweummdhlgilythouzhtolasteaddtothenloedany propertyinwhlchthey areplmed. "Wmmmammmwnpmhinfiafla-mrm -|'! all manna-e left that am mm: is “sum—un~une>m»m.m Bluecompanyhesteqmpped serve. WRITE FOR FREE COPIES OF THESE BOOKS They contain a lot of helpful information for use in putting in plumbing fixtures. Model bathroom installations are shown-— all reasonable in cost when superior quality and appearance are considered. Good plumbing is a comfort necessity that should have a place in every home. W plumbingiealls. Eindoutahontltnow—whether you intend to hild or mantel tony. arm you plmaremll all W Plumbing Hm Tatum nearhym M’W—mhy ailments let us “you their-atlas mm use-the coupon—cent it why Dept. 212 Stamsamm‘mco. mama. Pa. Standard SMWECO” Dept. 212, M h. I . Pigaggkamm‘md ”and“ mmtwm 08" r m 33333- l. E. D.__ State he.“ 0" Toflfl Special Bargain Clubs“ “'e have arranged here a lot of special bargain combinations which will save our subscribers considerable on their reading matter. No substitution of other magazines Which are the same price can be made. You must take the entire combination as it is. You can make up your own club from the club list if none of these suit you. Orders may be sent direct to us or through any of our agents. Order by number. Address all orders to the Michigan Farmer, or hand to our agents. EXPLANATION.—-Vl'k. means the paper comes each week; mo. means PaCll month: S—mo. semi-monthly. Dailies on R. F. I). only. , Publishers of other papers will not allow us to quote their paper single at less than their regular prices, but Subscribers to the Michigan Farmer whose term does not expire for one year or more will be allowed reduced prices on other papers at any time if they will write us the ones wanted. "This also applies when other papers are wanted not in the. clubs they select. NOTE—The Michigan Farmer is figured in “Our Price” at the special season price of only $1 for three years, 50 cents only may be deducted if the Michigan Farmer is wanted for but one year, or 50 cents added for five years _ until February ‘ After that prices advance as per “Note" on page 1209. J. . No. 1. No. 4. 'Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25 Michigan Farmer, 3.yrs., wk.....$1.25 Boys’ Magazine, mo ............. 1.00 Pictorial Review, mo ............ 1.50 The Ladies" World, mo ......... 1.00 Every Week .................... 1.00 ‘ —— reen's Fruit Grower, mo ........ .50 Regular price ................ $3.25 Fl l ‘ $2.23 “fin PRICE ONLY $1.75 egu ar pf‘lce ................ . ' OUR PRICE ONLY $2.75 No. 2. No. 5. N", F-"A R’ M a a] apt to step into it without the use of bait Whenever possible. Always set traps under water when- ever possible; about the only time to catch mink in dry sets is when the weather is extremely cold and the scent is frozen out of the trap, as it were. Always cover a trap under wa- ter, as the mink’s eyes are as keen as his nose; a crab, or crawfish, tied to the pan of a trap, with the rest of the trap carefully covered, is very attrac- tive. Always be careful to avoid get- ting sticks or bunches of leaves or moss over the hinges of the trap jaws; for instance, a small stick placed close down in the hinge of a trap will spread the jaws enough in the center to allow a mink to pull his foot out. Be sure to leave everything looking natural; set the trap from the water and avoid touching the bank whenever possible. It is curious to note here that mink will pay less attention to’human scent at bridges, culverts, etc., than they will elsewhere. As to traps: The mink requires a stronger trap than the muskrat; a good strong N0. 1 will do, but a No. 2 is. bet- ter as there is always the chance of catching a coon or otter. Regarding scents: I am neutral. I have used a great many scents that are sold by the fur houses and, while I am convinced that, in most cases, they are not a hindrance, I have never been positive that they are a help. Here are a few methods of setting which, when properly used, are usually successful: When trapping along a small brook six feet: or so wide, find a place where there is a bank two or three feet high overhanging one side: then place a good sized bait on the op- posite side, in a pen oft stakes if the bank on that side is low, and on the T is instructive to reflect occasion- I ally upon the apparently insignifi- cant origin of splendid discoveries. Nature furnishes agents and leaves man to discover, to develop, and to ap- ply them. Thales, the Nilesian philosopher, is said to have been the first tp observe the fact that, if a piece of amber be rubbed, it, receives and retains for a short time, the power of attracting IWWWHWWMMMiliiliiliiiiillilliilHlMilli!iiiiiliiiiliiilWlBlilllillliHilIllIit!iiiiiiiti?iti5iiliii!itilitiiltiiiiliiilltill!Itiiiiiiiiitliiiiltit!Hi A Great Power Is Liberated By ALONZO L. Rl'Clj; ,mifi, side of the high hank place a trap in a couple of inches of water, caretnlly covered. Now it is the mink's nature. to be curious, while he is too, timid. to approach the bait; he will consequent- ly go all over the premises and, soon- er or later, will step into the trap. When trapping along the shores of a pond, lake or large stream-find an ov- erhanging bank, stump or bog where' a bunch of heavy grass hangs a foot or two above the water, which must be shallow. Take a piece of wire screen and make a ’small cage two or three inches square; in this little cage place a couple of live mice with a few grains of corn; secrete the cage in the bunch of grass above mentioned. With' a carefully placed trap in the water be- low, you are pretty sure to get Mr. Mink when he tries to get the mice. There is another set which I usually resort to when I have to deal with an old, trap-wise mink. It can be used almost any place, though I prefer run- ning water. The set is my own design and I have yet the first time for it to fail me, and since the old mink are us- ually the valuable ones I place espe- cial store by it. I kill a rabbit. or part~ ridge (I say rabbit or partridge be— cause I have never used anything else), run a stake through the bait and, plac- ing the chain below the bait stake the trap to the bottom of the stream in from one to two feet of water with this same stake. Place the trap beside the bait and when the mink tries to secure it he gets caught. I don’t al- ways catch my mink right away, some times it is a week or two before he ventures to the bait, but he always comes to it sooner or later. It is worth remarking that I have never caught the second mink in the same set of this kind. m. i: shrill iiiiiiii:ililiitiititililiiiiillitliliiliillll“ ridiculed; but, as he knew that laugh— ter and ridicule cannot dispuove any- thing, he still upheld his opinion, and finally determined/to put it to the test of a decisive experiment. 01' this ex- periment, and of the hopes and fears which it excited in him, Franklin has left a full and graphic account. He relates that he and his grandson went one day into a small summer house; that they sent up a kite formed ., _.,, a V , , ,_ m. . ' « a . light substances; as, for instance, a bit of a handkerchief spread out by means of paper, or a small feather. Some of some slendcd sticks; that they fast- hundreds of years passed over before ened a key to the string of the kite. it was found out that glass and sealing and brought the key near to a Leyden wax, rubbed in the same manner as jar. The Doctor expected a spark to amber, will also draw light bodies. But be thrown from the key to the. jar; but from these facts nothing very great for a long time no such appearance oc- oould certainly be looked for. curred, and he confesses that. he at Otto Guiricke, one of the inventive most gave up in despair. At last the geniuses of history, contrived a ma— kite soared into a cloud; and to the chine in which the glass should turn great. delight of the Doctor a powerful round by means of a handle, while it discharge of the electric fluid was pro— rubbed against a cushion covered with dnced. He thus proved as many have silk; and he obtained in this way a confirmed since, that the lightning of greater attractive power from the glass heaven is the same agent which is ex- than before. He also obtained another cited, or brought into action, when we thing, which it seems he did not ap- rub amber. pear to have expected; namely, sparks The Doctor was one of those men of fire darting from the turning glass who, when they made a discovery, lost toward any body which was put within no time in turning it to some. useful a short distance. Still there was no account. He contrived the lightning method of collecting this power, so as rods, which, by carrying electricity of to get it in large quantities and pre- the clouds quickly to the earth, pre- serve it for further experiments. vent those explosions by which, in The object was long afterwards at- thunder storms, buildings have been rained by the invention of the Leyden dashed to pieces; jar, which answers all the purposes Not many years ago it, was ascer- Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs" wk.. . . 31-523 Michigan Farmer, 3 y.rs., wk... . .,$1.25 The American Boy, mo .......... Yourbhs’ Companion, wk ......... 2.00 Every Week .................... 1.00 McCain's Mag, and Pattern, mo,, .50 American POUH'Y‘)’ Advocate, mo. - ~59 Poultry Success, mo. . . .- ........ ".50 Regular price ------- $425 Regular price ....... i ...... .$4-.25 . can PRICE our $230 one more om $2.95 No. 6. _ ’ _ , "‘0' 3' Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.. . . 31.25 Michigan Farmer. 3 W8» W-kn . - 3-1-25 American Swindnavd, mo ........ .50 . Wm Poultry Advocate, mo.- ‘50 McCall’s Maguine a Pattern, mo .50 "W! MI!- W Wm “M’- -- .50 Poultry Advocate, m. . .' .......... .50 awe“! Hume Journal ------ 5' Every Week .................... 1,00 WET price ---------------- $235 Regular price ................ $3.75 m PRICE MY $1.7!- ‘OER PRICE GREY 32.” just stat-ed, and which, by the experi- tanned that electricity and galvanism ments to which it led, gave rise almost are the same thing, that. is to say, the immediately, to a- new science. Now same agent merely produced under dif- the Greek name of amber is electron; fervent circumstances; and more recent- and, as the amber was the substance 'ly the identity of electricity with mg- by which the agent was first hound out, netiem has been established: all the the new science was, from the cincum- operations in each of these depart- stamce, called electricity. merits of science being occasioned by Dr. Franklin, who was calorimeter! the agent which manifests itself on the by the curious and amusing experiv friction of amber. The same principle merits in electricity, made several im- has. been supposed to cause chemical portan-t additions, and had even the affinity; and some very striking illus- boldness to conceive that this principle trative and almost confirmatory facts was the same as that oflightning. F‘or have been given by writers on the Additional Chrbbing 05ers on 'l’age 1““ this conjecture he was‘laughed at and subject. ‘ ‘ . 1 111311 “1i.= llllllllllflllllllllllllilllllllllllil ._1 CHAPTER XIII. “Us for a Raft." Later, when the pail had been sus- pended across their fire‘on a green stick and Stoddard had dropped a num- ber of pieces of meat into it, he ex- plained that an indefinite amount of parboiling was the first step toward eating porcupine of advanced age. Sa- die agreed with him when after an hour of parboiling and several minutes of roasting over the flames, she attemp- ted to set her teeth in a juicy strip. “It chews like an automobile tire,” she observed. “Keep it boilin’, No. 44.” Long after dark the contents of the pail were still simmering. “We’ll try again in the morning,” yawned Stoddard. The wind had died with the day; the trees above them stood motionless. There was a peaceful somnolence about the island that stole into the minds of the castaways. They were indolent and content. There was nothing to live for but the moment. Tomorrow would be another day; it could take care of itself. The subtle mesmerism of the big out- doors had placed its spell upon them. They asked nothing, Wanted nothing. Everything worth having was theirs. Stoddard had fallen asleep by the fire when Sadie stole softly into the little shelter he had built for her. She knelt for a moment on the balsam- boughs, her head bowed, her lips faint- ly moving. Then as she lay down with a comfortable sigh she murmured: “That was twice, because I forgot ’eni last night. And' I put him in!” Stoddard went swimming at dawn. When he tiptoed out of camp and made his way toward the farther end of the island he chuckled at having re- peated Sadie’s trick of the day before. He did not know she was watching him through half-closed eyelids, feign- ing sleep. As he disappeared from view she smiled. “No. 44 thinks he’s puttin’ some- thing over,” she murmured. “I guess he gets tired havin’ a woman hangin’ around all the time. I would if I was him.” She settled herself contentedly for another nap. Her mind would not have been so peacful had she known that he would soon be rolling luxuri- 011st in water ten times over his head. There is no chill in the Deepwater in early September. It has been storing warmth from the sun the summer long and has not yet begun to yield back that which it has put by. The cold wa- ter has settled to the depths and the big fish have followed it, Whence they are to be taken only by the angler whose line runs far below the surface; above, the summer has been preparing the swimmer’s bath. Stoddard struck far from the shore in his morning revel. The touch of the water thrilled him. He felt that he could swim on and on the day long if he chose. Time and again he plunged his head beneath the mirror-like sur- face, fairly wallowing in the crystal medium that sustained him. Then he would lift it, shake the shining drops from his hair, and dash forward with mighty overhand. strokes as if there were a goal to be reached. All the boy of him was awake. Some- times he dived, swimming swiftly be— neath the surface, to rise again twenty 6r thirty yards distant. This was “playing _loon.” Again he lay upon his back and thrashed the lake furiously with his arms and legs until forced to rest from sheer want of breath. Then he would float, staring at the blue sky. _No > longer was he pent-up, ma- ned nae-l l ilansd: he felt free here he willed. a: lllllllllllit!"|llllllllIIIIHHIIIIIIIINHlimit!HUINIH“HiIIHIIllllllllllllilllilmiH|ilIHllllll|Illl||llllllllIHIIIIIIIlIlilllllllillllllllliliii “Mister 44” $1 ‘lIIlillilllllllllllllllllllIIHIIIIINIllllllillillllliliilll|lilillliilllmliIlllIIIllllllIlllllIlllll|lilllllllllllllilllifllllllllllll||l|llllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIlilllllllllllllllnilIlllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllll lHilllimHl HI|l|HllI|ll”IIHHIIIIIIHIHHIHIillll|l[1HIllillINIHHHIIINIIIIHHLE 11 1 Bit TH lllllllllIIiIlllilililllllllllllllllll E en no thought to turning back. would have laughed at his prison and left it to its solitude in the mists of the morning. Reluctantly he doubled on his course and swam lazily back toward the point from which he had dived; still more grudgingly did he ‘draw his dripping body from the sunlit water. At his feet he could see far down among the rocks, where the bass lurked in the shadows in the heat of the afternoons. He wanted to plunge again and ex- plore. Oh, for a day in the wonder—la- goon of “The Coral Island,” with Ralph Rover, Peterkin, and Jack! He dressed slowly and followed the shore back to camp. Sadie had risen and was sitting on a rock down by the water, trying to comb her bronze au~ rora with her fingers. As she drew heavy strands of it across the sunlight it fiained gorgeously, until it seemed to give forth a light of its own. Stoddard, softly approaching, halt- ed for a little and watched with eyes that marveled. “She’s wonderful he whispered. “And she comes from a factory! I don’t believe it. It can’t be true! Why, it’s impossible! It’s easier to be- lieve she has stepped out of some an- 1” THE MICHIGAN FARMER cient legend.” . , His musing was interrupted when Sadie turned suddenly, as if feeling his presence through a sixth sense. , “ ’Mornin she called gaily. “I‘ ain't seen that comb you was goin’ to make me.” The spell was shattered. Somehow the breaking of it hurt; it filled him with vague sensations of annoyance and pity. He wondered if she wast doomed forever to speech like that.‘ Kitty and Estelle talked differently; they were “educated.” W’ould this: splendid creature never be permitted to talk as they talked? ' No; he did not mean that eitheri His Fifth Avenue friends, Kitty Fitchi and Estelle \Nallace, talked much look ishness and shallowness; they purred comfortably and quite contentedly about the feathery things that floated on the surface of life. He did not want Sadie to do that; he knew she could not, for her mind reached into the quiet depths. The soul in her was strong and brave and wise. But—if only some magic would touch it and give it speech! “Your hair’s all wet,” she observed as he stood staring at hers. “I’ve been swimming.” “O-o-oh! It was fine, I bet.” “I almost hated to come back,” he confessed. “I just wanted to go on forever.” “And how far did you go?” “Oh, a quarter or a third of a mile, perhaps.” “Straight out from shore?” He nodded. Sadie frowned and her face became suddenly grave. “You mustn’t do that, No.1 44,” she said. “Why not?” “Suppose anything you?” “But nothing could happen.” . "‘It might,” she said, unconvinced. “Then I’d be in a nice fix.” Just why she added the last sentence she was not clear in her mind. It did not carry ”the real reason, for her anx- iety. It was not her plight that would disturb her if anything happened to him; it would be the plight of No. 44 himself. . Perhaps the explanation slipped from her in a moment of purely femi- nine evasionj it seemed to come auto- matically, to cloak a thought that her lips were too shy to utter. 7"! happened to “I’m always, careful Sadie/”he an- > I. JAN. 27,1917. on our farm How can I cook Wafer” How can I get electric light in my house How can I put in an electric bell How can we get reliable telephone service How can I put up a telephone What is a horsepower in electricity These and many other questions concerning the use of electricity on the farm are answered, with illustra- tions, in the Farmer’s Electrical Handbook, which will be sent to you free. Just fill in and mail the coupon NOW— the edition is limited. 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Protect and Plf _ PATENTS Send sketch or Model for search ‘ ‘ ' ' BOOKS AND ADVICE F R E E Watson E. CoIomen,Patent Lawyer. Washington. Di. When writing to advertiser please mention The Michigan Farmer. T HE MJCH 11:11.1 31“ a RIM-an" ¢ JANET, 19.1-1- ' The New Hired Hand! -—the firmer needs good help in the fields. His wife needs good help in the kitchen. Her important duty as to make the heat balance. I'll-1mm important helper is Baking Powder. if she tries Calumet she?” click to it. Its dependability and uniform quality means good-bye to bakeday failures. The farmer's wife wants the most of the but Sorbet-annoy. ’l‘lIa t‘s why most of them use Calumet. lt’c pose in the can and pure in the baking. Awards New Cook Book Free — Se Slip in Pound Can. 1. 111111111 Farmers club list. llor the benefit and convenience of our subscribeIs we have arranged the following list of papers. money saved they save the trouble and expense of sending each order separately. 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M- Wm ducting W311“. or d on if I don’t say things right, W“. ‘ says ’cm right. M’s-“Grund- But workin" in the swered. “I don’t take chances just It‘or the 'fun of it.” .“VVell, I'll let it go this time,” She jsaid solemnly. ' A few seconds later she burst into 1 Laughter. “I was just tryin’ how it sounded ” she explained, her animated withramusement. had a chance at. that. Of I bet been harassed myself. course, 1 can’t really boss you. nobody can." “I’m not so sure, Sadie.” “1 am. You’re one of yourself. You boss me." “I don‘t mean to.” “YES you do, No. 44. You bossed me out, there in the curator; you boss me here on the island. You bossed me yesterday when—3’ “I’m sorry," he broke in. must shop me whenever I start.” “Slop nothing!” exclaimed Sadie. “I wouldn‘t. stop you. Why, I oughta be bOSsed! Suppose I hadn‘t took-orders from you night before. last. Vthre ’d the bosses “You I be now? Drowndedelike my ward- robe. “No; you just got to boss Inc! I need it. You mustn’t think I mind. Not Why, I like it! That is, 1 like bein’ bosscd when—” She hesitated, undecided whether she ought tosay il‘. As a result of the pause, she compromised. "-—w11c11 I ain't gellin' the Shrimp." ”He‘s absolutely barred, is he?" “Forever and amen! Why, No. 44, l'\'e look from orders from (119 01’ lhat water. I get ashamed ol’ Of course, I talked back. But, that, didn‘t really count. I had to do lwhal he told me. “II he told me, either; was come from him. I never stood for 11111115111 since when l was in school." Stoddard contemplated her for a mo- ment before he spoke. “You went to school—back in Ohio?" he suggestcd. “Uh-huh. it‘s a good while back, too. 1 was through with that before I was fourteen. I’ve bee-11 working since.” Sadie wound a strand of her hair round 501119 finger. “I want to ask you something," said after a little. “Go ahead.” “VV‘illl you answer it straight ?” “I’ll try to.” “Do I talk very bad, No. 44?" She almost Wliismrcd the question. “I don’t think you tall: badly at all, Sadie.” “That's not. answcrim‘ straight," she said, looking up at him. “You [11101111- iced," “I think .wa sii’l what she you talk a lot of sense,” said Stoddard hastily. “Truly 1 do.“ “That mighl be," she assented. “Sometimes I’m sensible, I know. But 1 111912111, the way I say it?” “Every person talks in his own way,” he thIII’IIII'IIZod. She shook her head and twisted 1111- othci' strand of hair. “You don‘t want to hurl my i‘eelin’s,” she said. “I understand. But it‘s like this: I've been listenin’ to you talk a whole lot, and you and me talk differ— ent. ‘ I ain’t. “And I guess most of the things I say sound pretty awful to you. I 110- ticed you looked at me kinda funny once or twice.” “Sadie!” Stoddard flushed with mortification “It’s all right, ” she continued calmly "Why, I can understand. You see, ev- 1 can ’most alWays tell when somebody else A good deal of the way ltalk ishabit, but not all of it. The Testis ibecause ‘l’m ignorant. “Back in 01110, before -1 left the farm, 1 could talk better ’11 I do new. city I sort of “fell in with talkin’ like the people l worked . , ,inerelv Its because you re educated and, ” - SETS. with. Nom- of us had 110‘1'ea’l educa- tion. "Back there it. was all right. May- be it wasn’t. all right, either; what. I mean is,“ was good enough to get by with. “It’s a slack way of gettin’ on, of course. :You get to slangln’ along and by and by you talk that way all the lime. 1 never noticed it much till I 1 got up here. But now—’ She made a little gesture of resignation. “Sadie! said Stoddard gently, “rc- membcr this. The most important thing aboul talking is not how you say II, 'but what you say.” She pondered this and slowly nod— ded her head “You said something, then, No 44, even if it was meant to let me out. But then its better, when you have got something to say, to be able to say it right, too 'Do you guess I‘m too old to learn? l’m ”meaty—four." “'We’re never too old to learn any- thing," he declared vehemently. “I” suppose I could, if I got my mind onto it," she mused. “You see, I’d hate 10 have to always be workin‘ at some job like packin‘ shirls. You got to have an education if you want. in get good wag-es. (if course, you got to have SQII‘SG, loo, but the education's part of “~41 lot of it. “Some day l'm goin' to try to begin all over again. I'd like to get. a job wherc i could use my head. But I ain‘t ready for that now. Maybe it '11 110% years: I don’t suppose l’ll ever get 1119115310le :11 it. What sort of a job do you 11111.11. ”1 gel here, No. 44 ’3“ Thus they worn back to the that most disturbed Slrxldard. “You see, havin’ intcresls here, she added, “you oughta be able to give me a pretly good idea “The trouble is, to p ic av Said i9, you 'll want to be outdoors, and I can‘t think of any outdoor job-s for women right now.“ “I wouldn‘t expect it to be all out doors," she said. “Just, so ’5 I could loci outdoors VIII-1s righl next to me, and I could look at it. once in a while and get into il llf'U‘I‘ the whistle blew. There ain’t no lam-cries hero, I SUD- nose.“ “I don’t know of any. The trouble is, up to date it has been mostly a man's country. Nearly all the women here are tourists." “"I guess that's right,” she nodded. “Would you want in work 111 the hotel?” Stoddard had 110l.,lhe least idea. whether he could gel. Sadie a place in the hotel. He merely grasped at, the straw. ""Why, that 'd be all right?” she ex- claimed. "You mean waitin' on the table 01' doin‘ washin’? I’nI strong enough, easy. I‘ll tackle anything, No. 44 —-exccpl, where they’re lookin' for education. »1 can‘t go that yet." “I‘ll see what I can do at 1111* hotel then 11,: u slarler’ “11. ll be a cimh for you," shv dc- clared confidently. “They won'l turn you down! 'T‘hvy (-:I.11‘1 afford 10 turn down people with big interests." Stoddard stirred uneasily. Hc .l'clt himself slipping deeper into the mire ol‘ misunderstandlug, He did not even know who was managing the hotel; he knew it had changed hands. As for his “interests,” theywerc n1 yth- ical in the sense that Sadie meant. “Well,” she said, that settles the job—question. work in the hotel.” in great, peaoe‘o‘f mind she resumed the combing of "her hair with her fin- Stoddard went up to the camp. cursing himself,.and set about the get.- ting of some bIca‘kfast. The flesh of‘the aged porcupine after a night. of simmering over the fire seemed that it might yield grudgingly to “human teeth. He spiked several strips of it on green sticks and set smiling, “I guess I’ll go to them over the embers vto broil. After he had scrubbed their glard Pail with sand, Stoddard proceeded "to \ 321.11.. 27.111111. TH E M 11: 11113 A-IN‘ ranger E 11'“ f V . ’ fly-ins put it to another culinary use. When he called Sadie to breakfast a surprise awaited her. Hot chocolate! She clapped her hands in wonder. “It’s a little weak," he apologized, “because I used only half of what was left. But it’s better than cold water." “It’s grand!” she cried after she had sipped gingerly “V1'here‘s yours?" “'We’ 11 both have to drink out of the paiL” The porcupine had one sterling mer- it—he promised to last a long time. It was out of the question to chew him rapidly. On the contrary it required much preseverance and excellent teeth to reduce even one strip 111‘ him to the point where it could be swallowed. But here was meat, tresh and very much like pork, and both Stoddard and Sadie were ravenous. They drank al- ternately from the tin pail and had an altogether gay breakfast. “What’s the program," demanded Sandie after she had washed, the dishes an occupation which consisted of rins- ing the tin pail in the lake. “The program is to get off this is- land,” he replied with emphasis. “All right. How?” “Well, how does this strike you? I'll swim over to the mainland, resting at one island on the way. Once there I’ll go along shoreu ntll I come to the en— trance to this boy. From there I can see across to the hotel on Deep-water Island. I’ll make signals with some- thing and get help.” Sadie considered this, head. “You got that. idea swimmin’, didn‘t you?” “Partly." “You mean to swim as far as that land over there?” she asked, pointing across the water. "That’s not very far.” “No, No. 44; I can't let you.” “But it’s easy. I’ve often swum twice as far. Why, I swam as far as that this morning.” “But just suppose you didn’t make it,” she said. “Just suppose—~" Sadie covered her face with hands for an instant. “No; nothing like she declared earnestly. you. I’m goin' to do bossin’. ” Stoddard shrugged his shoulders. “And besides,” she added, “how about me? If you don’t make it, maybe I‘m here for the winter. I suppose I’d have to hole up like a hear. I never tried it, but I bet I ain't any good at it. Let's think up something else.” “It’s the best chance I can think of,” he said grumblingly. “Of course, if you won’t—” “That‘s right; “I just can’t!” “But it’s perfectly safe.” “That’s one thing I ain't goin’ to take your word on," she replied slowly. “Maybe I’m silly, but I can’t, help it. And don’t get mad at me, because— Well, because. That’s enough reason.” She reached across and patted him on the hand. “There now,” she said soothingly. “We won’t talk about. that any more. then shook her from goin’ in her that, No 44,” “I won’t let. that. much I won’t," said Sadie. You wouldn't leave me here alone, No 441. And I 11'ouild1n’tlet you!” He laughed a little and drew gently at hlS pipe. It was the next to the last Smoke. Sadie was experiencing something akin to elation, but was careful to re- press signs ot’ it. She had bossed him! She was not altogether sure she had a right to do it; she freely admitted that in the ways of the Deepwater country he knew all, while she knew literally nothing. If he said he could swim it he could. But she did not want him to go! She lelt that he must not, even if it was the only chance Yes, she would rather starve right there on the island—so long as she was. not starving alone. As for Stoddard, he did not put the scheme out of his head. He merely laid it aside Until Sadie might be in a more reasonable or desperate mood. One or the other would doubtless make her content. to let, him swim for it, he figured. “You know we went over all chances yesterday," he observed. they’re not any different today." “Maybe there’s of," she said. “Let‘s try and find some more. And it is a little difierent today, anyhow. It’s not, blowin.” “VV'ell 3” "You said the blowin’ would keep boats from comin’ out. Now they can get, around all right.” “Yes. lut i also said it was very unlikely that any would be coming into Pickerel Buy." Sadie mused over that for a while. “It seems to me we’ve just got to get 11 boat of our own,” She observed. “Couldn't you build one?” “With a knife?” Sadie subsided. even No. 44 could do that. the “And She did not think And if he could, it sounded like a taks that, would take years. They sat in silence for many min- utes, Sadie alternately frowning shaking her head as she groped for ideas and found them elusive. Suddenw ~ly she sprang up. “I got; it!” Stoddard regarded her with an amusv ed look. “I got. it from the movies!” she ex- claimed. “,l)0n‘t laugh. I got to re- memb‘erin’ about two shipwrecked folks, 11 man and a woman. They was away ol'f somewheres on a island, where there wasn’t any ships likely to come by, only they’d been there for months and months, and we’ve been less than two days. So what do you suppose the man done ?” “Grew wings," suggested Stoddard. He knew that all things were possible on the flying film. “He built, a raft ! ” Sadie stood beaming down upon him. “And they got 011 the raft and sailed away until a ship found ’em,” she ad- ded. “And then——” “Vi’ell, then what?” he asked. “Then they was saved," she said primly. “Sadie,” he said, rising, “I believe there’s something in that raft idea of yours. “(ant to try it?” (Continued next week). ' some we didn’t think. | l and - 1 l - 1 and'Qneoutouode. HEY like Firestone Tires in New England. Where the successful filling of the soil rep- resents a constant struggle of scientific efl‘ort with unfavorable conditiona'farmerS appreciate ‘ the way Firestone methods hold out against . road wear and tear. New England is not easily convinced, but once for Firestone always for Firestone as long as Firestone standards continue. Your dealer and the nearest Firestone Branch unite to give you service. New book, Mileabe Talxs No. 25, sent free on request. FIRESTO‘NE TIRE. AND RUB-BER COMPANY Branches and Dealers Everywhere Am 11. Ohio (”WAY l’['l.\'ERl'/.ED LIME STONE sweetens avid orsoursoilu lilwrams needed Potash and places it at disposal of ('1‘”Dfi"‘l()0$t'll~ 1111.111 \. 1"l115 soil and binds together loose sandy soil so 1h 11 moisture 11nd plant foods are. 11111111 111 ail11ble. \ our soil will yield loll er r1'1'l111r11‘ops if p1 opexlv 11'1111- d. ()111 1xpe1'ts have proved llllllllu in he. of enormous benctit to bailey. outs, timothy, clover, 1vl1'al ta. beets. etc. by 111tual tests. ‘ SDI V 01' (ll ARLN’TEES its P11l11-1i/.ed lime Mono 11011111111121 - '14” c total (urbonates. 1.1'11111'11111111stlfi}; pans't‘s‘ through 31111111 I1 M S(lt‘(’.ll'—\.\' l“lNl£ H ll‘Llll R. ’l‘11oto11s sulfit- dent to flit 1111'1 . Easy to 11mvily. Get 0111 lime. lmok free, toutmlning 1'11ll information on li111i11gtlit-soil. 'll1111 11' you haul 11 ~1wt 1111 problem write sQMIIZm VKY our experts for free advice. The m““Solvay Process Company 180 West Jefferson Ave., Dgtmit, Mich- NITRATE OF SODA the 1 11111111141, liesdund all available source 111 ninugeu 01 amnioniu. Pr'odut 1 s wondefl 11] 131 suitsou frutt niche, gardvntrutk111111511111 r11] urnin 1' mps. Nituute iffltidu. 1llm11‘1l11us1-s soil potzlsl1.t)111 11ri1 1- s 111M"u_1s loin-mt lie- '1111s1-11'1 111'1 dirett llllptll'bt‘ 1s. 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American Schoolo 12 East Street - Readmg, Mich. 498 “M M' COOLUKBUS. mafia DOGS WHOLESALE IN S-LI L01? Buy CUFF E, 69,11: the B1118 and 10 cts get ngoon II- IAUIU IOVII GOOD COII‘I'EE SEND ["93 .PRlCE LIST COME -( 1881.) (Sofia: 1. 285x57 W. WEI... GO. flkm Natadmmed In r'no. Haunted. b1 mail 1 Write for the OW price 111111.11 Bees E.E.MOTT.GIW1L 111111111. M“ W Mi" puppies. ulrlurulhoelem fimm trained stut- k sinned 1111111111111; also trained rabbit hound and one F Hal sh hull temiier . Bath City Kennels. Mt. Clemens. \Iioh. Sknk dei ngmddlm “ 31:“113521td‘“ Coltrane mm GA. WIGEN’I, Watervllet. Mich. $21 a head pro. 1‘ __ .1, in 5 mflis "Last fall we bought 50 head of young calves for $10 a head. l_pastured them through winter and so Id them in the spring for $3” a head. We finished them on cotton seed meal; fed nothing else.” This sidelight on stock profits along the Cotton Belt Route in Southeast Missouri is told by E. J. Mahoney, of Dexter, Mo.“ Last year our com yielded 75 bu. per acre. We have made 90 bu. —and it will run 60 bu. per acre year in and year out. " “Our clover is one of the biggest attractions for the northern man"says Mr. A..B Hunterof New Madrid. Mo. - ‘we pasture our clover and we cut it for hay too. It cuts two crops. each yielding one to two tons per acre. " Geo. B. Ellis. formerly secretary of the State Board of Agriculture says This is destined to become the greatest stock feeding country in the world. " O. D. Defield of EastPrairie, Mo. says‘ I raised 40 muleslast year withoutdoing any winter feeding at all. " Cattle and hogs go through the winter here without feeding. Mr. Defield gets 5 cuttings of alfalfa each season, averaging one ton per cuttin and says that a man can raise any kind 0 feed or have any kind of pasture there. Luther Conrad furnishes further evidence on this. “I left a great country to come here and we demanded a great deal of this new soil. But I have found this land will raise every- thing that can be raised in north Missouri (where he came from) and othercrops besides. The big advantage here is the short winter which gives us a long pasture season." When you know all the advantages of taming and stock raising in Southeast Missouri, you'll want to personally investigate that section. At least learn all the facts—send for prepared by a practical farmer who traveled all through Southest Missouri and talked with the farmers. Tells all about cost of land, crops raised and about towns, climate,schools, churches, etc. Write today for this free book. E.W. LsBsaurne.Gsn'IPsss’ r.Ast. I950 Railway Exchange Building. t. uis. Mo. ‘ FREE BOOK I“ The standard handbook on as engine compression. Every farmer w 0 runs an automobile, engine. tractor. etc. ought to have 1 t. It tells how McQuay-Norris \ :Aw oer Piston Rings give more power. save gas. - reduce carbon. MC Quay-Norris M fg. Co. 2877 Locust St. St. Louis. U. S. A. OPPORTUNITY IAND Othsrs are 111an good in Montana and North Dakota v and so can you . ontana leads the world in development of farm lands—in 1n uality of grain roduced. T era is ”m omeleteadlsr parcfisemn deeded sndfst 0' 0 ullcfln "today. tuuy "simian 33.1 wi’tfim coup m1'.1s."'1.§lm‘.'-5 mug“. Unisov‘: shunts.” wafi’lgib reigns 111s. ”SDlvsr-sifi'sd An yourM Igor. i' this land awaits ynou 131-"9-m11p3-fn “I. wor- d LetM e Mail You FREE Bulletins “mini? Inlllnf Nation Condos 'lvvili glad hsbip {on :t “-1.0“:le “d of“? “y.” one boom blss V min! Writs onfor unflfifla “u“ l. c. LEEDY, Can 1 Immigration A31. 0.91.187 Gust Nsrthsn Isilvsr. 81. Paul Please Mention The Michigan Farmer When ;_ Writing to Advertisers :23 if {:55 The Q T is difficult, for many, to make the best and wisest choice of a life work. ’ The small boy, when asked: “What are you going to do when you grow up?” usually has some sort of answer ready. But that answer is sel- dom the one held to when mature life is reached. The decision is condition- ed by many facts, and its working out will be helped or hindered by many other things. Nevertheless, choice must be made or life effort will become haphazard and largely fruitless. Any information, therefore that throws light on a per- plexing problem should be welcomed by all who seek to climb to measura- able success. There is much good reading on the subject, written by able men, and the reader is urged to absorb as much of it as possible. This series of articles, necessarily brief, can deal only with the outstanding points of the various callings. The writer hopes, hopever, to make these so clear that the very brev— ity of the treatment will lead to help- ful service. ‘ The person who is at the point of making choice of a definite life work should not forget that organized socie- ty works along five lines, and only five. These lines of activity have developed five great institutions, as follows: The home, the school, the church, the state, and the industries. The first four of these terms are self explanatory but the last one covers so wide a field that it must be stated in terms of familiar work. Everyone, in greater orless degree, contributes something to the develop- ment of home, school, church or state, but. the lines of industry cross and re- cross so many times that the individ- ual is rare who can follow more than one of them at one and the same time. Six of these lines of effort will be dis- cussed, and in the following order: Teaching, the law, medicine, the min- istry, mechanical arts, and last, but by no means least, agriculture, or farming. The teaching profession, for it is be- ing called, more and more, and per- haps rightly so, a profession, is a most excellent one. Our country boasts of its schools, from the little red one in the country to the big red one in the city, A successful teacher occupies no mean place in the nation’s economy. The country school teacher used to be, and in many sections is still, one of the most romantic and pleasing personages of the whole community. The influence of the teacher, exerted during the plas- tic stage of mind and morals, is, and always will be, deep and lasting. The true teacher is remembered with grat- itude and veneration. In all fairness to teaching as a life work, three things should be said: First of all, a fitting preparation for teaching, vital and necessary to suc- cess as it is, seems reasonably easy. There never was another time when so many educational opportunities were to be had as today. The schools are of easy access, every village having its high school and each section of the state its country or state normal school. Many independent schools, un- der competent management, give great inducements to the student who wish- es to advance faster than the regular curriculum plans. Besides all these, the great city school systems provide regular normal ' training for prospective teachers. These training schools are open to candidates who have shown an aptness for teaching and usually the only in- vestments necessary are those of time and diligent effort. It is a fact that the state normal schools are among the best equipped institutions of' learning. The tuition fees are only nominal, barely covering cost of registration and supervision. But choice talent, both from the view-' By EARL R. RICE point of academic preparationand pro- fessiOnal fitness, is at the service of all comers. Moreover, nearly all work done in the normal schools may be ap- plied on courses leading to degrees, either in the school itself or in other related institutions. The prospective teacher is usually helped to a position at the close of his course. After that his future is in his own hands and the place he occupies depends largely upon the devotion and efficiency he brings to his task. No one need hesitate to make choice of teaching as a life work on account of difficulties in the way of preparation. In the second place the field of real service is a laIger one. The size of the field is constantly grOwing. The opportunity to come close to young life during its formative period is one that many men covet. The in- fluence of a true teacher is powerful in character building. The intimacy of What will be your life job? Are you personally adapted to the calling you have chosen? Will the opportunities offered by it demand the best that is in 'you? This article on how the teacher works for life, is the first of a series written to help young people to select their life work more intelligently. Succeeding articles will tell how the lawyer, the doctor, the min- ister, the engineer, and the farmer all face their problems and opportunities in the big business of working for life. Dr. Rice is thoroughly qua‘lified to speak upon these matters out of his wealth of experience in dealing with people and his unusually wide opportunity for observing the successes and failures of persons coming to his attention. Teacher 'Wa the relation, especially in the smaller schools, is such as to make for easy exchange of confidence and help. Many examples could be given of character developed, hidden talents discovered, or unknown powers brought to light through the kindly interest of teacher in pupils. A number of years ago the writer, at that time a teacher, had asa pupil a boy whose home surroundings were discouraging and whose mental and moral outlook were extremely lim- ited. Through the touch of interest on the part of the teacher a way was found by which to get into the life cur- rent of the lad and means were devel- oped to catch and control his atten- tion. Only a fortnight ago word was received that this unpromising boy had himself come up to manhood with high ideals and large visions of what he could do and be. So far has he ad- vanced, in fact, that he is now about to receive his master’s degree from one of the greatest schools of the land. He is thoroughly equipped for a wor- thy place in life. It is a. satisfaction that comes to many a teacher to see pupils of former years embark onlife’s big voyages with assurance and confi- dence of making safe run to the ports of success. \ Teaching has changed very much during the last few years, both in re- gard to method and matter. The dis- trict schools have felt the change. Many of them have been merged in the township school. Methods of instruc- tion in vogue ten years ago are now ob- solete. The school in the rural sec- tion, if alive to its opportunity, and that means a live, competent teacher, deals with vital, everydaymattersrthat would have been laughed at a decade ago. Special courses are in theghigh V, Working for Life—Some Ways 0f Doing It 33’ schools, such as farm studies, soil chemistry, stock selection, household economy and others. All of which gives wide range for the exercise of the teaching faculty, and assures spice and variety to the profession. As the successful teacher rises to‘ higher positions of supervision and ad- ministration, he finds a constantly op- ening field. The narrow limits of the school-man, as such, widen out to those of the community man. High school principals and superintendentsbccupy exceedingly strategic positions in re- gard to the problem dealing with the foreign population. It is no easy matter to provide a safe basis of citizenship for the newcom- ers. No other institution offers so many means of helping as does the school through its highly patriotic teachers. The field of the teacher thus becomes nation Wide and he becomes, if faithful and efficient, a most valued factor in building a bigger and better America. The third point, and perhaps the last, to be made, is worihy of much thought. The teacher is poorly paid. This is not a welcome fact, but is a fact never- theless, and every young person pre- paring for teaching must face it. A glance at the directory of the schools of the state will confirm this declaration. It is no intuition of the writer to deplore the fact, nor to offer a remedy. This is beyond the scope of this paper. But 21, life work must be based on realities. It is not too much to say that the teacher must be pre- pared to reconcile himself to produc- tive work during only ten months of the year, and for that to receive a wage often inferior to the local black- smith, cheesemaker, or section hand. Sixty dollars per month for grade and high school teachers, with one thou- sand to twelve hundied for principals, aie low figures f01 so useful and need- ed a work as that of the teacher. But these are the common prices. Few teachers can hope to reach a competence and rich men in the pro- fessionare scarcely ever known. The teacher must look to other things be- sides a stipulated wage for his larger compensation. The satisfaction of ser- vice rendered, the joy of contributing something to the world, a place in the esteem and affection of others, all these are considerations. If a man, or a woman, can find these returns of sufficient value to give a life work for them he has one of the essential qua] ities of the teacher Pensions for teachers will sometime be provided and rightly so. The spirit of the age is running along that line. But in the meantime the facts are here. There always comes a time in life when rest and quiet will be needed. Any comprehensive plan for the output of a. man’s soul through life’s energies must take‘into account the necessary care for his body. A careful study of the situation along these lines, should help to a right de cision in relation to it on the part of young men and women who read this article. Remember that preparation may be easily secured,-that thefield is a wide one and is bound to grow wider each year. Don’t forget the amount, measure and kind of compensation. That you are fair or wise'is "“11, Or strong, or rich, or generous; You must have also the untaught strain That sheds beauty on the “ —Emerson. Alone to guilelessness and love That gate shall open fall The mind of pride is nothin'rness; The childlike heart is all. ———J. G. V" ‘iier. ’ Thy friend hath still another “fiend, And he a friend as well. . Be silent, lest to all the world Their lips the Sigret tell, .. . ‘ g ' - . ...‘7;,119.1;1; ‘ ‘ a!EllillllllllllMllllllllllfllllflfilflllllll“til:ItllllltllllIltllillllllIllllllflmtfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllltiillIll!Itllllilltzlillliilllllllill!lillljillillllllllllllllllmlllfllllfllltfllluumflflllfllfié Land O’ Nod Stories. ’ By HOWARD 'l‘. KNAPP st inu“:ththImumummummmnmIllmiaiuummmmmuminimumuunmnmmmnmitummmmInuntmmunumun g i Frisky’s Toothache BELIEVE Frisky the Red Squirrel I has the toothache,” said Billy Be By Bo Bum. ‘ “What makes you think so?" asked Tinker Teedle Tee. “1 just saw him come sneaking out through the trees with both cheeks so swollen that they stuck way out.” “Ho, ho, ho!" laughed the merry lit- tle elt'. “That is the best joke I’ve heard for a long while.” “Well, it wasn’t any joke to Frisky,” retorted Billy. “I know it must have hurt. him terribly, for he wasn‘t mak- ing a sound, and I’ve noticed that. whenever he stops chattering and scolding, even for a minute, something is the matter!’ “He was quiet for two very good rea- sons,” said Tinker. “In the first place he couldn’t have said Boo if he had wanted to, and in the second place he didn’t want to attract any attention or let any of the Little People see what. he was doing.” - “Why couldn’t. he make a sound?” dc_ munded Billy. “Can you talk or sing when your mouth is crammed full of candy?” ask- ed the elf in turn. “‘O-f course nor, but what has that to do with Frisky?" “Everything in the world," answered Tinker. “Frisky"s mouth was full of something good to eat which he was carrying to a sale hiding place, so of course. it was impossible for him to make a. sound.” “Huh! that’s a lot of trouble to take for such a small amount of food,” said Billy scornfuily. “That's where you are wrong, Billy Boy,” replied Tinker. “Frisky can car- ry half a. dozen chestnuts in his mouth." “He can? \Nhth should have said that one small nut. would make a good mouthful for him,” said Billy in sur- prise. “You see, Frisky’s mouth is his mar- ket basket," replied the wit. “Old Moth- er Nature, who is always thinking of ways to help the Little People, made the skin of Frisky”s cheeks very loose and baggy. \K’lien his mouth is empty it doesn’t show but when he wants to carry some treasure to his storehouse, the skin stretches and stretches as he gathers nut. after nut, until his cheeks bulge out just as though he had a toothache." “But why didn’t he want anyone to see him? Surely he wasn’t ashamed of carrying home a mouthful oi? nuts?" “Frisky is a very suspicious fellow,” rep-lied Tinker. “He never trusts any one and he didn’t want anybody to see where he hid his treasure. And to tell the truth, he had good cause to be. sus— picious, for it‘ Busybody the Bluejay discovered his storehouse, the next, time Frisky went, to his hiding place he would find he had been robbed. “Frisky is a happy-go-lucky little scamp, living from new to mouth and generally content to let each day take care of itself. But. after Jack Frost has paid a visit to the woods and there is no more green corn or berries for him to eat, then for once he begins to think of the future. “After the first frost has opened the chestnut burs, and the leaves begin to fall, the big woods is a mighty busy place and the Little People have no time to bother with a lazy bones. In every nook and corner little feet go pattering after winter supplies, and then Frisky also begins garnering, for he suddenly remembers the hungry days of last Winter. “Now, Frisky is always more anx- ious to see what the other Little Poo pie are doing than he is to fill his own storehouse. “men he does gather some nuts, he seldom trusts to one hid- ing place, he is too suspicious for that, but hides his treasures in twenty dif- ferent places." “i should think he would forget some of the hiding places, with things tuck- (‘d {LYVHY in so many out of the way ' corners," said Billy. “He often does,” replied Tinker. “Then every once in a while he gets a delightful surprise when he stumbles onto a little store of nuts that he had forgotten all about. He enjoys the contents of that storehouse fur more than the others, for he thinks he is robbing one of his neighbors, ‘and he is such a mischief maker that to him stolen sweets always taste better than those he has garnered himself. “Even when he is laying in his win. ter supplies, he never gathers much at one time. The minute he sees anyone else preparing for the hungry days to come, he forgets his own work and goes spying to see where the others are. hiding their store. The little chip— munk, who knows Frisky’s thieving ways, always makes at least one turn of the tunnel to his den too small for his big cousin to follow. “Sometimes Frisky is so elated over the discoyery of a neighbor’s store that, with all the fields laden with food, he cannot wait for winter but falls to eating or carrying away the treasure. More often. he marks the spot and goes away quietly. Then when he is hungry he will come back and steal the nuzs before eating his own store." WINTER LIGHT. m L. lll'u'l‘LJj souss. A cloudy morning, dull and dark, Ot‘ the sunshine rays there was not a spark; A storm seemed coming, but—«surprise! The sun broke through before our eyes. It shone out bright and clear and warm No danger now of threatened storm. The snow on the fencetop steaming , stood \Vhere the sunshine warmed the white- washed wood; The bushes Were [lashing like the sun, Or like stars of evening when day is done. The sky haul changed to a deeper hue, ' A radiant, brilliant, shining blue. A cherry tree with its gray-black bark Against. the blue sky standing dark, On every branch had a burning sun That looked like a jewel where it hung. A shingle rool‘ all spread with Show Added its brightness to the glow That stood above the snow clad ground And the glistening beauty all around, A sheet of white between the blue And the gray of an old shop’s duller hue, While the glowing light of the nbonday sun Made millions of jewels flash one by one-~ Green and czu‘i‘nine, scarlet, and gold, Like stars ol' light, or gems of old; Clear lemon yellow. a. dazzling hue \Vhen The white suit my was shining through. the willow swung looked like hung; They were made of crystal that. flashed with light Vt'h-erv‘ switches gently \Vliut oldt iine “eardrops” And set with diamonds clear and bright: Snow while, then green, then flame, they flushed , As the rays of sunlight, through them splashed. Ah! the glory .ol' winter, clear and bright, ’ Brings a thought to the heart of a clearer light W'here' the gates of thrown ajar And the light of its glory is seen from for: W'e would go to that country, by and by. ' Beyond the blue of the shining sky, For our home is there in that land above , With iis glory and beauty, its light and eye. No storm of life, however dark, (‘an turn “side or upset our bark H“ 1.0"” Ui‘nsel‘r‘. is our guiding star; He will_ brine us safe. to those gates ajzir. Heaven are 'r u n ; M ionic}. N r TA RM. an ‘: WWW/lb]: NAME ........................................ ADM-ms ...... grout-IOOOOQ"OCOI!IO‘O ....... CORNELL WOOD PRODflCTS C0,. Dept. F-G .‘CHICAGO. Please send sample and complete information ........ or ........ send Panel Suggestions aspcrdhnensions enclosed. I am not obligated by this service. a... Easy to Buy and APP‘Y Guaranteed Satisfactory when properly installed Your—thing . Room YOU can use Cornell in a hundred places beSIdes the dwelling on the farm. _It is ideal for the walls and ceil- ings of the MILK HOUSE, DAIRY BARN, CHICKEN HOUSE, GARAGE, STABLE, SUMMER KITCHEN, FOR PORCH CEILINGS,- CLOS- ETS and FOR ALL ALT ER- ATIONS AND REPAIRS. Every farmer should keep a bundle on hand for emergency use. Distinctive Panel Suggestions Free Send us dimensions or blueprint of any room or rooms and we will draw up beautiful, distinctive Panel Suggestions for you, free. ‘ You will not be obligated in the least. We will also send sample, views and complete information. On special request we Will send plans for use of Cornell in a Model Dairy Born, 31 x 72 feet. Use the CouDon. In writing mention llit-liiunn Purim-r. ' CORNELL woon PRODUCTS co. C. 0. Frisbie, President 173-175 W. Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO ...................................... oo-uo-n-u. - not. 0... uo00cc0.000loooooolonooooloocnnooo ' firm if Collars Are cut to fit the neck and shoulders perfectly— They sit and fit remark; ably well and comfortably. liceach 6for90c 4-.-.‘-_AA-.. A-fi‘A—-A 4—.ul‘-LA“ ‘v> ‘v’ wvr ~

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