M1





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live: Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT,‘MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 1917





VOL. CXLVlll. No. is '

whole Number 3936





c





\ 75 CENTS A YEAR

332.25 FOR srnns





Profitable Forage Crops for Hogs





N taking up roughage crops as feed

1 for hogs I am aware that in some



ways I am opening up new fields

for consideration. The habit of look-

ing upon the hog as a distinctively

grain eating animal has become so

firmly fixed in the minds of those who

have to do with hog raising, that as

soon as the subject is mentioned the

different kinds of grain come in mind

and the matter of compounding and

feeding grain rations is the first that

will be considered. This is not as .it

should be. The hog is an omnivorous





' animal, so constructed by nature, and





so shaped by his habits of life, that he

looks for food from all sources, wheth-

er it be green plants, vegetables, grain

or fruits, eats them all with a relish,

and makes from them meat at a low

rate of cost, that is appreciated and

used by all peoples throughout the civ-

ilized world. No matter whether it be

in peaceful or warring enterprises, the

meat of the hog is recognized as the

best and most economical meat with

which to mingle and make up a tooth-

some and substantial ration that will

meet the needs of all classes in all the

walks of life.



\Vhile there has been much said and

written by some of the pioneers in eco-

nomical meat production, there are

still broader fields to be traversed, and

many problems yet to be solved before

we will fully realize that. we have been

making our gains in pork production

by a very expensive process. Grains

have been very plentiful and cheap in

the past, and the plan of making'gains

almost entirely on grains has become

so habitual and customary that it has

had a binding influence on many who

do things just as others do without any

consideration as to whether the cus-

tomary way is the. best and most eco-

nomical way or not.



Present Conditions Awakening.



The present conditions, when the

high prices for grains are considered,

are such as should awaken in the

minds of the pork producers a desire

to make growth and gains on their

pigs cheaper than can be done by the

entire use of: grain feeds. Grains are

so expensive that to buy grain to use

as an almost entire feed for the pigs

requires a heavy outlay in money. The

possibility of fluctuations in prices

makes one hesitate when the probable

cost of production of a crop of pigs

from weaning time to market day is

estimated. The question naturally

arises in the mind, “Shall we take the

chances?” Many are saying, “No!"

and are not keeping the usual number

of breeding hogs. The income from





the pig crop is, in many. cases, not





only a convenient source of means to

meet expensive conditions, but a ne-

cessity. It is not worth the while to

stop and. hesitate, but a wiser plan is





to seek other means by which the





gains can be made at less expense.

‘ ' Rouah'igeFeeds will Help. -

Since the timeback in the seventies

when ."Joseph Harris wrote his book

called, “Harris on the Pig,” some at-





By N. A.





tention has been given to different

methods of producing pork than by the

all grain plan. Harris advocated rais-

ing pigs on clover pasture. He declar‘

ed that growth and gains can be made

at one-half the ordinary expense of

gain if only one-half ration of grain be

fed while pigs are on clover pasture.

He was undoubtedly correct, but the

mass of producers have been slow

about pulling away from old methods.

Some have proved the correctness of

the statement again and again, and

have proclaimed it through the agri-





 





' :3

A





 





CLAPP





times of the year, accustom them to

those feeds, and reap a rich benefit

throughout the whole life of the hogs

from the time the pigs are running

with the mother to the time they are

ripened and sent to market.



The number of forage feeds that can

be raised and utilized in raising the

pigs is large, but at the present time

I will only mention a few of the best

that have been tried under ordinary

conditions and good results secured

from their use.



Among the feeds that; can be depend-





Good Feeding on Good Pasture lnsures Cheap Growth of the Spring Pigs.





cultural press, and yet there are many

doubting Thomases, and many who go

along in the same old rut, making only

one-half the profits from their pigs

that it is possible to make. '



While matters have been drifting

along, some active ones have been ex-

perimenting and securing good results,

others in a dreamy mode have not yet

awakened to the fact. that the possibil-

ities are great for making great profits

in producing pork under present con-

ditions. It is practical and reasonable

to supply forage feeds to hogs at. all





ed upon for feed early in the. spring

is rye. A small field sown to rye early

in the fall will furnish green feed as

soon as the ground is bare in the win-

ter and early spring. The hogs, both

old and young. enjoy the privilege of

picking at the green rye. They eat. it

readily, and while it helps to furnish

the bulk which expands the stomach

and helps to make more complete the

digestion of the grain feeds consumed,

the mineral elements contained in the

green feeds helps to increase growth

and development. of the animal in bone,





 





 





muscle and vital organs.

portant consideration.

Alfalfa the King of Forage Feeds.

Another forage plant that can be de-

pended upon, both for early feed of the

best kind, and throughout the whole

season, is alfalfa. ()1’ all the perma-

nent forage crops raised on the farm,

alfalfa should be placed at the head of

the list. It is one of the sweet 1e-

gumes relished by pigs as a pasture

crop, as well as all other domestic an—

imals, and continues to grow, furnish—

ing rich, succulent feed from the time





A very im-





vegetation first starts in the spring.





throughout. the entire summer and fall,

furnishiig a continuous supply of one

of the richest pasture feeds for hogs

known. Alfalfa is so much relished by

pigs, that if cut while green, cured and

made into hay, they eat it with avidity

if fed in moderate quantities all winter.



During the last winter alfalfa hay

was used by many as a. major portion

of the ration for both brood sows and

pigs and excellent results were obtain-

ed. 011 the Ex-Governor Hoard farm,

in \Visconsin, alfalfa pasture and hay

has been the main reliance for the

brood sows during the period of ges-

tation for many years. Others have

used alfalfa hay for brood SOWS and

have found that less than a. half ration

of grain is needed when brood sows

are fed regularly on alfalfa. hay, or are

allowed to feed on alfalfa while it is

growing.



Rape the Forage Feed for the Million.



Rape as a forage crop is not gener—

ally appreciated at its full value. It is

a crop all can raise, and utilize as feed

for hogs of all ages on the farm. If

one has a. small field which he can de-

vote to rape it can be pustured after

it is IWelve to fourteen inches high

and if the field can be divided into

three parts one can be pastured while

the other two are growing. By chang—

ing from one division of the field to

another three successive crops of the

rape can be grown and consumed by

the p’gs during the season.



If one has small fields so arranged

that the hogs can be. changed from one

10 another as the crop is eaten down,

the rape can be sown in those fields

at different intervals and the hogs

changed at different times so as to

have the feed young and fresh for

them at every change.



If one does not have much land to

devote to the rape crop an odd patch

or corner can be enriched, sown at the

proper time and the rape cut and

thrown to the hogs a little at a time

as needed. By such a scheme a good

deal of feed can be secured from a

small patch of ground.



The rape can‘lbe sown at any time

after the first of May. The Dwarf Es-

sex is the variety that should be se-

lected for this purpose. About three

pounds is required to seed an acre. If

sown in drills thirty inches apart a

cultivator can be run between the

rows to keep the weeds down and at the

same time promote the growth of the

crop. (Continued on page 501).





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The Michigan Farmer

Established 1813. Copy right 1917.





I The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Edltors and Proprietors

39 to ‘5 Congress St. West. Detroit, Michigan

Tunnrnonm MAIN 452’».

NEW YORK OFFICE—381 Fourth Ave.

CHICAGO OFFICE-M111 W. Washington Street.

CLEVELAND OFFICEesIOll-IOIE; Oregon Ave.. N. E.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—m-m South Third St.





 





 





 

 





 





 





n. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President



M. L. LAWRENCE ...................... Vice-President



E. H. HOUGETON.... .. ..... .. . ...-SBP.-Tmafi.



I. R. WATERBURY..............



BURT WERMUTH...........~.. .. Associate



FRANK A. WILKEN ............. Editor-



LLTA LAWSON LITTELL.......... .



E. H. HOUGHTON.... .. .... ....Business Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:



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RATES OF ADVERTISING:

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inch (14 8. ate lines per inch) or insertion. No a v’t





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Member Standard Farm Papers Association and

Audit Bureau of Circulation.





 





 





Entered as second class matter at the Detroit, Mich-

igan. post office.





WDETROIT, APRIL‘ 1917





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





Times and conditions

have changed since the

Revolutionary p e r i o (I

when the patriot on the

farm left the plow standing in the fur~

row to join the “minute men“ in the

hurried mobilization of the nation’s

only military resource. Again the na-

tion is in war, but it is the patriotic

farmer’s duty to keep the plow going

in order that there may be an abund-

ance of food, not only for our own peo-

ple and our own army, but for the peo-

ple and armies of the countries who

are engaged with us in conflict with a

government which has been declared

a. common enemy.



No matter what our previous views

may have been with regard to the

course. of our own government in this

crisis, now that war has been declared

by the congress, to which body this

power is constitutionally delegated,

but one course remains open for every

patriotic American, and that is to do

all in his power to aid the nation in

bringing this impending conflict, to suc-

cessful termination. Upon the farm-

ers of this country rests the stupen.

dous task of contributing most largely

to the food supply of the world as well

as providing for domestic needs during

the immediate future. and this duty

must be discharged under conditions

which do not make the outlook encour-

aging.



There is no doubt. however, that,

once impressed with the importance of

the task before them. the farmers of

America will overcome all handicaps

and discharge their patriotic duty in

this regard. Notwithstanding the

shortage of labor which is the most.

serious handicap to that end, every

farmer should plant every acre. possi-

ble to staple crops, even if at the pres-

ent time he cannot see. clearly where

the labor may be secured to properly

care for and harvest the crop.



In our last issue mention was made

of steps which are being taken in this

estate to secure the co-operation of city

interests in supplying needed labor so

far as this may be possible from this

source. Steps will also be taken in the

near future to mobilize student forces

for the supplying of farm labor. This

week a. national conference will be held

in St. Louis, Mo., called by the Secre-

tary of Agriculture, which will be at-

tended by the presidents of agricultur-

al colleges, the directors of experiment

stations, representatives of the agricul-

tural press and others, with a View of

adopting feasible plans for extending

aid to farmers in the production of

maximum crops the country over.



Thefarmer, of all business men, is

ever compelled to exercise a maximum

degree of faith in future conditions in

planning his season’s work. This year





Agricultural

Patriotism.





 





for the nation’s- good lie mustuextend

that faith to include the patriotic aid

of his contemporaries in aiding in the

solution of this vexed labor problem to

the end‘that the crops which he may

be able to plant may be successfully

grown and harvested.





As an initial step, every farmer

should bend every resource to getting

in a. maximum acreage of crops this

spring, particularly of spring grain

crops which will help to overcome the

prospective shortage of the wheat crop

which is plainly indicated by the crop

reports published in other columns of

this issue. This object can be further-

ed‘ by devoting every possible moment

of time to preparations for sowing and

planting, and by increasing the effi-

ciency of available man labor so far as

possible. In this connection the fore-

handed farmers of every community

have a patriotic duty to perform in aid-

ing every less fortunate neighbor as

far as possible by offering them the

use of labor-saving equipment at all

times when same is not necessarily em-

ployed on their own farms. Every farm

tractor in Michigan should be kept

busy for every hour of daylight. dur-

ing the season of preparing for spring

crops. Every man engaged» in farm

work with horses should if possible be

provided with efficient teams of three

or four horses in order that his work

may be the most productive.





Now, as never before in the experi-

ence of present day farmers is there

need for unselfish team work, to the

end that the future needs of the coun-

try and the world may be provided for

so far as the patriotism of the farmers

of Michigan and the. country can ac-

complish that end. In addition to be-

ing a patriotic duty, this program has

the advantage of promising increased

profit for all who contribute to its ef-

fective accomplishment.





While farmers as

a class are not as

wasteful in their

practices as many critics would have

us believe, yet there is in many cases

a great opportunity for eliminating un-

necessary waste on the farm. The

leading article of last week dealing

with the proper conservation of stable

manure points out. a very striking illus-

tration of this fact. This is typical of

a great many wastes on the farm. They

result most generally from the delay-

ing of more or less important tasks

until the opportune time for their ac-

complishment has passed, this permit-

ting the natural processes of waste to

go on unchecked for considerable pe-

riods, entailing losses which are not

alone very considerable but also al-

most wholly avoidable. The large and

unquestioned waste pointed out in that.

practical article would be very largely

preventable upon the. average farm by

the hauling of the manure to the field

and spreading same on grass land at

the earliest practicable time after it is

made.



As an illustration of the fact that

most serious wastes on the farm are

due. to the farmer’s failure .to accom-

plish. given tasks at the opportune

time, one has but, to observe the most

glaring wastes on the farms passed in

a trip through the state. It. is nor an

uncommon sight to see corn shocks

still standing in the field generally un-

husked, making certain a deterioration

of the grain and an almost complete

loss of the fodder, because this valua-

ble°crop was'permitted tostand in the

field over winter. In like manner,

many vegetables and much fruit are

wasted in the field because they are

not harvested before the severe freez-

ing weather comes.



A great deal of unnecessary‘labor is

also wholly or partly wasted because

of the fact that the preparation of a

seed bed or the early cultivation of the

crop was not properly accomplished





Eliminating Wastes.





labor in their eradication and at the





and weeds encroached, requiring extra _





 





,3 f





 





same time causing ‘Waste by a, islho

ening of the crops. ' s , _



Mes-t waste upon; the farm is caused

by procrastination or delay in the ac-

complishment of seasonal work rather

than because of serious faults of the

system followed. This, of course,

would not be true as regards the intel-

ligent feeding'of plants and animals,

but it does follow as a natural conse-

quence that the man who is a suffi-

ciently progressive farmer to eliminate

waste from default will be suffi-

ciently progressive 'to thoroughly in-

form himself upon the comparative ef-

ficiency of different methods and will

be more inclined to eliminate waste all

along the line. It is true that there

are times when even the good farm

manager cannot accomplish tasks at

the opportune time. The degree of ef-

ficiency in this regard, however, is an

index of the farmer’s efficiency as a

manager.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.



The European War.-—Along the west-

ern front the French have been suc-

cessful in penetrating the German

lines at tw0 points in Belgium. Before

Soissons a French attack was broken

down by the Germans with heavy loss-

es. In the Vosges Mountains a sur-

prise attack was repulsed by French

troops. In all, on the western front

there has been a slowing up in line





. changes due largely to the fact that

the recently conquered territory must.





be organized for carrying out future

operations. Russian sea forces were

able to land troops 180 miles west of

Trebizond on the Black Sea. A large

number of. sailing vessels have also

been captured here. The eastern front

is comparatively quiet, while activity

on the Italian lines was confined to

artillery engagements and air raids. In

Asia Minor the Russians have finally

succeeded in communicating with the

British forces moving up the Tigris

river beyond Bagdad. This junction

of the allied forces, together with the

successes of the expedition moving

northward through Palestine along the

Mediterranean coast and the activity

of the Russian navy in the Black Sea

is likely to have a depressing effect up-

on Turkey’s position in the great war.

Italian troops have also repulsed the

Turks in an engagement in Tripoli in

northern Africa. In a fight between

British airmen and a German destroy-

er off the Belgian coast the vessel was

sent to the bottom.



Cuba has dismissed the German am-

bassador to that country, and the fed-

eral police has foiled a plot to destroy

German vessels lying in Cuban ports.



Nine persons were killed and twenty

hurt. in an automobile race held at

Mexico City early this Week. »



Perhaps as a result of America's

declaration that the continued exist.-

ence of the present imperial govern-

ment of German would always be a

menace to world peace, Emperor VVil-

linm has ordered a reform in the Prus—

sian electoral law which will provide

for direct. and secret elections and do

away with the rule by classes.



. National.



A resolution passed by both houses

of congress by large majorities and

signed by President \Vilson. on Good

Friday, made the present state of war

between this government and the im-

perial government of Germany a legal

certainty. 'Volunteers were immedi-

ately‘ called for to bring the army and

national guard to war strength; the

entire navy of 400 ships and 100,000

men was ordered mobilized at once for

war duty; regulations for the conduct

of enemy aliens in this country were

promulgated by an executive proclama-

tion; all German ships in American

ports were seized and all German

aliens suspected of plotting against

this government were arrested. As a

result nearly 300 German spy suspects

were taken intomustody, fully one-

thirdof these were operating along

the Mexican border.



The American Federation of Labor

has” advised the national defense com-

mission through its president that no

strikes will be urged through the or-

ganization during the. present war.



The stocks of frozen and cured

meats now held in the United States

are reported to be more than 100,000,-

000 pounds less than the amount held

a ear ego.



. he reports on rifle shouting compe-

titions being carried. on by the Nation-

al Rifle Association shows the team

representing, the Michigan Agricultur:

al College to be leading all 'thesqther

Thehigbwafi engineers of. the fifteen

counties of (9‘ upper





   





rtmcmsanadmeaam , , . .

(fars'recommendmg to the commission-4 -- ,

em ".01? "the various counties that no " "





teams by a total Score of 8,659‘polnts..





peninsula of





on:





road work be undertaken this year’ on

account of the war. The action, if fol-

lowed, Will-mean the abandonment of

prOJects estimated to cost $1,000,000.



- The war department has reconsider-

ed the transfer of General Wood from

the command of the department of the

east to the department of the south-

east. This order will keep America’s

leading general in command of the

largest department of the army.





STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP,

MANAGEMENT, CIRCULATION,

ETC., REQUIRED BY THE





ACT OF CONGRESS OF ’





AUGUST 24, 1912.





of? The Michigan Farmer, published

gfrekly at Detroit, Mich., for April 1.

1.

State of Michigan,

County of Wayne,

Before me a Notary Public in and





.for the State and county aforesaid,





personally appeared E. H. ‘Houghton,

who, haying been duly sworn according





’ to law, deposes and says that he is the





Business Manager of the Michigan

Farmer, and that the following is to

the best of his knowledge and belief,

a true statement of the ownership,

management (and if a daily paper, the.

Circulation), etc., of the aforesaid pub~

lication for the date shown in the

above caption, required by the Act of

August 24, 1912, embodied in section

443, Postal Laws and Regulations,

pritnted on the reverse. of this form, to

w1 :



1. That the names and addresses of

the publisher, editor, managing editor,

and business manager are:



Publisher, Lawrence Publishing (3.0.,

Detroit Mich.

Editor, I.



Mich.



Managing Editor, M. J. Lawrence,



Washington, D. C.





R. Waterbury, Detroit,





Business Manager, E. H. Houghton,

Grosse Pointe, Mich.



2. ‘That the owners are: (Give

names and addresses of individual





owners, or, if a corporation, give its

name and the names and addresses of

stockholders owning or holding 1 per

cent or more of the total amount of

stock).



M. J. Lawrence, Washington, 'D. C.



M. L. Lawrence, Cleveland, Ohio.



,P. T. Lav’vrence, New York City.



E. H. Houghton, Grosse Pointe,

Mich.



F. H. Nance, Lakewood, Ohio.



Neff Laing, Philadelphia, Pa.



E. D. Pope, Cleveland, Ohio.



Nellie J. Lawrence, Cleveland, Ohio.



Citizens Sav. & T. 00., Cleveland,

Ohio, Trustee under the will of M. W.

Lawrence, (Beneficiaries, Nellie J.

Lauri-once, Mary- Lawrence and Morti-

mer Lawrence). . ,



Nellie J. Lawrence, Guardian, Cleve-

land, Ohio, Guardian of Gains J. Law-

rence.



Mrs. G. B. Rogers, Cleveland, Ohio.



Lillian Cotton, Cleveland, Ohio.



R. M. McConville, Cleveland. Ohio.



G. J. Munsell, Detroit, Mich.



J. F. Cunningham, Lakewood, Ohio.



3. That the known bondholders,

mortgagees, and other security holders

owning or holding bonds, mortgages,

or other securities are: (If there are

none, so state).



None.



4. That the two paragraphs next

above, giving the names of the owners,

stockholders, and security holders, if

any, contain not. only the list of stock-

holders and security holders as they

appear upon the books of the company

but. also, in cases where the stock-v

holder or security holder appears upon

the books of, the company .as trustee

or in any other fiduciary relation, the

name of the person or corporation for

whom such trustee is acting, is given;

also that the said two paragraphs con-

tain statements embracing alfiant's full

knowledge and belief as the circum—

stances and conditions under which

stockholders and security holders who

do not appear upon the books of the

company as trustees, hold stock and





securities in a capacity other than that _





of a bona fide owner; and this afllant

has no reason to believe that any oth-

er person, association, or corporation

has any interest direct or indirect in

the said stock, bonds, or other securi-

ties than as so stated by him.



5. That the average number of COpn

ies of this publication mild or distrib-

uted, through the mails or otherwise,

to paid

months preceding . the date shown

above is. (This information is requir-

ed from daily publications only). 7



. E. H. HOUGHTON.

Business Manager.





Sworn to and subscribed before’ me





CLARENCE E. HAMLIN. ,.

only.1 gimmission ;mire_s7 Gusher '12..

J . . *— .~ ‘sp _-) ‘ .





1'",





this Twentyinlnth; Day of March,_1917.. , ' '





 

 

 

 





subscribers during the six,
.715.





1' ' Improvmg Grain { C‘rOps





' years





 





 





T a time when feeds and grain

foods are bringing record prices

and everything points to a con-

tinuation of remunerative returns for

such products, we may well give some

thought to securing varieties of grain

tlfat have the inherent ability to pro-





.duce h'gh yields. To be worthy of se-

lectifg for this purpose, a variety must





be capable of producing hardy, dis-

ease resistant plants that stool proper-

ly and produce straw not subject to

lodging under the given soil and cli-

matic conditions.



improved Varieties.



Various experiment stations, seed

firms and individuals in different parts

of the world have for many years been

selecting seeds with these ideals in

view, with the result that there are

many varieties obtainable which are

said to have these qualifications. The

farmer scarce knows which one to get

after deciding to change seed, and of-

ten ends up by obtaining seed concern-

ing which he has little information and

which was grown in a distant state or

country. ’As a general proposition it

is nearly always advisable to get seed

grown under the same soil and climat-

ic conditions and from a source as near

home as possible. If one has seen an

extra good crop grown under average

conditions near home, one might ex-

pect good results from the use of such

seed. However, it is often difficult to

draw conclusive results by comparing

varieties grown on different farms ev-

en in the same community for they

may have been subjected to widely

varying conditions. But the fact re-

mains that many farmers might well

pay a little extra ‘for seed from some

neighbor Whose grain has proven itself

to be a better yielder.



Most farmers desire to obtain supe-

rior varieties but they are not always

sure of the announced value and are

not in a position to experiment with

the hundreds of varieties said to be

excellent; so in order to ascertain the

ones best adapted to Michigan condi-

tions plant breeding work has been

systematically carried on at the Mich-

igan Experiment Station for several

years, with the result that a number of

“Pedigreed Varieties” have been devel-

oped which possess the necessary fac-

tors to make them desirable for the

conditions of this state. After these

varieties have thoroughly demonstrat-

ed their ability in the comparative

tests at M. A. 0., they are tried out in

various parts of the state before they





are recommended for general distribu-’





tion. In most cases the results obtain-

ed over the state have checked up very

closely with the results at the station.

The great value of these pedigreed

varieties lies in the fact that each ker-

nel of the given variety (unless me-

chanical mixing has taken place), is

a representative of a “pure line” and

as its ancestors were selected on ac-

count of their superior qualities, it can-

not help but carry them, too.

Pedigreed Variety of Oats.

W‘orthy, Alexander and College Suc-

cess are all pedigreed varieties of oats





developed at M. A. C. The \Vorthy and‘





Alexander are older varieties and are

quite generally distributed over Mich-

igan. They have given general satis-

faction, being high yielders and having

a stiff straw which resists lodging, a

very prevalent fault with common Va-

rieties. Although due to weather con-

ditions, most of the yields obtained in

1916 were not as high as those in the

preceding. From reports of

farmers and county agents of the state

these varieties in most cases showed

a marked superiority over the common





‘ ones. -





In the lower peninsula Alexander

oats have given excellent results on





the'higher sandy soils, while Worthy





oats have proven especially adapted

to the heavier soils and they also have





a’l





 





shown themselves to be of great value

in the upper peninsula.



Both varieties are being grown more

or less extensively, according to the

oat growing proclivities of the section,

in practically every county of the

state. A number of the members of

the Michigan CrOp Improvement Asso-

ciation (which takes the place of the

Michigan Experiment Association)

have made a specialty of these varie-

ties so they can now be obtained in

large quantities.



College Success is a comparatively

new variety which gives great promise

of excellence where it can be sown

early. Being a longer seasoned oat

than the other two it needs to get an

early start. There are none of these

oats for sale this year but a number of

samples are being put out co-opera-

tively with farmers, by the College

this year. From them we will get

more data on this variety.



Insure a Good Oat Crop.



Whether a farmer grows pedigreed

varieties or not he should provide for

his seed oats now, for oats that weigh

up well are extremely scarce and light

chaffy oats are not desirable for seed

purposes. Get the best seed you can,

then clean it more thoroughly than

usual with a good fanning mill, giving

lots of “wind.” Finally, don’t neglect

to treat for smut and then sow the

oats early. It’s the treated oats that

are insure against the ravages of smut

and the early oats that weigh up and

yield well, especially when we have

such summers as last. _



With these precautions one will

have done much to insure the seventy-

five to one hundred bushel per acre

yield which is about the least we ought

to or can afford to grow in most. of our

oat-growing sections.



J. W. NICOLSON,



Extension Specialist in Farm Crops.



THE POTOTO BEETLE DE-

STROYER.





 





 





Many farmers in Michigan have

good cause to rejoice in the fact that

there is present in the state, an active

enemy of the Colorado Potato Beetle

or “potato-bug.” It is a sucking insect

belonging to the stinkbugs, or penta-

tomids which, for the most part are

beneficial. This particular member

bears the scientific name of Perillus

claudus, although it is more generally

known by one of its two common

names, “The Potato Beetle Destroyer”

or “The Friendly Perillus.”



For the last ten years this insect has

become more and more numerous until

now it is widely distributed over the

state. Several potato growers in the

upper peninsula have reported its pres-

ence in their fields. Some cases have

been reported where these insects

have almost completely kept the po-

tato beetles under control, but in most

cases the destroyers are not yet nu-

merous enough to make the spraying

of potatoes unnecessary.





w.





H IGAN EAR M E ’RY .'





 





.7 .





These destroyers have been seen re-

peatedly on the potato plant, attacking

the larvae of the potato beetle, pierc-

ing their bodies with its spear-like

mouth and sucking out the body juices.

The adult beetles are also attacked as

Well as the larvae. With its long legs

it is quite spry in its actions, easily

overtaking the escaping potato beetle.



The potato beetle destroyer can be

found during the warm periods of the

late fall, winter or early spring, in





 





 





 





 





 





The Potato Beetle Destroyer.





houses, sheds or other convenient

shelters Where they are hibernating.

If found in the house they should not

be killed as they are doing no damage

but are spending the cold months

there and as soon as spring comes

they will migrate to the potato fields

in search of their favorite prey.



One should not cease spraying for

the potato beetles just because these

beneficial insects are present. in the

garden. Inasmuch as the destroyers

suck their food, the arsenical sprays

that are used against the potato beet~

les have very little direct effect on

them.





Mich. Ag. Col. DON B. Wiii;i..\.v.





SEEDlNG WITHOUT PLOWING.





One of the most time-consuming op-

erations on the farm is plowing, es-

pecially if one is not in business on a

large enough scale to afford a tractor.

Our experience has proven to us that

on our land, which varies from a sandy

loam to a clay loam, that we can prof-

itably dispense with it for spring crops

that follow corn in the rotation. Along

in March, after the snow is gone, and

the ground is still frozen, we hitch the

team to a contrivance made with a

couple of twelve-foot planks strongly

bolted together, and drag it across the

frozen surface. Its weight is sufficient

to cause the corn stumps to snap off

close to the ground.



After these have been effectually

disposed of, fitting and seeding will re-

quire just four operations. First, the

two-horse cultivator is run in about

the same manner as when growing

corn is being cultivated.- 'l‘hfs stirs

the soil between the rows of stubble to

a depth of four to six inches, but the

stubble is not torn out. Next comes

the spring-tooth harrow crossing the

work of the cultivator at an oblique

angle, doing very effective work in pul-

verizing the soil. Some of the stubble

is pulled out but not enough to cause

any inconvenience. Then the field is

gone over the second time, but in an





 





 





 





 





oblique angle to the first, producing

such a goddv‘condition of tilththat the

disk drill cdmpletes .the job satisfacv

torily and sows the seed at the same

time. '



Using the method described in the

foregoing on ten acres to be sown for

oats we found that by actual experi-

ment that it took an even four days

to put that crop in. According to the

regular scale of prices in this locality

for man and team labor, the total cost

of fitting and sowing was but $14, or

$1.40 an acre. If the same field had

been plowed, allowing $2 an acre for

plowing, the cost would have been in-

creased to $34, or $3.40 an acre. More-

over, the plowing would have taken

within a fraction of six days plus about

the same amount of work that it did

get, so there you have a whole work-

ing week saved on ten acres alone.



I maintain that if we can reduce the

labor necessary to growing a crop, to

the lowest possible extent and at the

same time get a good average yield,

we are lowering the cost of production

just that much. To do that means a.

greater profit and after all the profitl’s

the thing.





Canada. J. H. MCKENNEY.





SOY BEAN EXPERIENCE.





Some of Mich'gan’s poorer land

could well be rejuvenated through the

extensive use of soy beans in the rota-

tion. For some time, I have consider-

ed this crop quite a boon because it

has a number of qualities that make it

stand in a class all by itself as a farm

crop. In a rather limited way, the ex-

perience we have had with cowpeas

does not place them in the class with

soy beans for our conditions.



We have sowed soy beans broadcast,

put them in hills and planted them al-

ternately among the corn. Where clo-

ver has proven a failure and some

quick legume is desired, there is no

crop quite like the soy beans. The

nodules are large, the largest of any

of the legumes I know of unless it be

the clumps that are on hairy vetch,

thus making the crop a soil improver.

When it is know that the crop canbe

planted as late as June first and a

two-ton crop of hay harvested the first

week in September, it is appreciated

that they are rather adaptable. '



Where we have grown them in alter-

nate rows with the corn, we have been

quite satisfied that we got much more

fodder per acre than we would have

obtained with the corn alone. Mr. Lil-

'lie mentioned last year that he had a

theory that when a legume is grown

with a nondegume, each is of benefit

to the other. I believe his theory was

a sure enough fact in our case. The

soys grew tall, making a rather deli-

cate foliage and slender stem that was

greedily eaten by the cattle.



Scarcely anything of the dried plant

but the sticks remained after the cat-

tle had their fill of them. In fact, I

had a few of a choice kind planted in

the garden for further multiplication.

A certain clever calf worked her way

through the fence two or three times

and there seemed to be nothing in the

garden that would satisfy her appetite

quite like those choice soys of mine.

Yes, I am looking for more now. The

worst drawback the crop has for hay

purposes is the difficulty encountered

in curing, especially during the middle

of September when we usually get the

equinoxal rains. Last fall it was quite

rainy and we had an acre of soys cut'

down for hay. Well, if we had com-

menced to turn them towards the barn,

all would have been under shelter be—

fore we got through turning. Yet this

continual leaching did not seem to

make them less palatable to the stock.

In fact, they left nothing but the very

stems and they were not starved to it

either. >



Where they are drilled in, we use

the grain drill, make the rews about

two and a half feet apart and plant





3—4475}... . ;





 

 





 





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.; Win-“was. New -;-.me~;=a¥ . '





I"





' 5-,. , .

my <~.‘...s..~........v w <





w »‘
,,

.

.,

Ii

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\





How do your buildings look toyou ?





When you have been away and are coming back home,

it is fine to feel that your growing crops, your fences and





your buildings compare well

the way. .





with others you saw along _





This ought to be especially true of your house and ham

-—and it may. For even modest buildings, in good repair

and well painted, say more for thrift and prosperity than

elaborate structures without proper care.





Dutch Boy

White-Lead





is one of the going farmer’s wisest investments. The pure

lead-and-oil coating is the most beautiful of all paint. It

sticks, it lasts, it defies the weather.



This same pure white-lead, mixed with a good flatting oil,

will tint your plaster walls any desired shade, making them





durable, washable, beautiful

Paint Points N0. 93





and sanitary. Write for





NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY





New York Boston Cincinnati





Bufialo Chicago





 

 

 

 

 

 





Red-Lead defe

keg always handy.





San Francisco St. Louis





Cleveland (John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.. Philadelphia)





(National Lead & Oil 00.. Pittsburgh)





Does rust attack your

tools and implements? Paste





ate it. Have a





 





   

 

 





   

 





 





%





 





:F





spring tooth barrow and the Culti-Packer

prepare a. perfect seed bed."





The two rows of semi—steel wheels on the Culti-Packer cut and crush every lump

The back wheels come half way between the front.





to a depth of several inches.

so no clods are missed.





The shape of the wheels allows them to cut down through





the top soil and firm out all air



spaces left by the turning of fur- F

rows. At the same tiinethey leave

the surl‘ae loose and well mulched 4'8





so the seed bed does not dry out photographson S938.

quickly. seed beds, cultiva-

tion, etc.





Culti-Pack your seed beds this

year—get the tool from your John

Deere dealer.





TRADE. MARK REG.





 





Makes a Fine, Firm Seed Bed





Chas. B. Wing, noted seel and alfalfa expert says, “Three tools—the plow,





“SOIL SENSE”





Ask your dealer for

it—or write direct.





THE DUNHAM co. await





NHAM





wé





,





are absolutely all that are needed to





 





 





REE





pages—100 field





   

 

 





 





d’





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   





 





 

 





L » .

x





aboutthirty pounds tetheacre. Spine

were broadcasted before the corn was





cultivated the last time, sown at the





rate of One and a half. bushels to the

acre. Thus far, we have no fault to

find with the crop except that it is a

little hard to cure. When it can be

cured, however, the resulting hay is

relished by all kinds of stock. Where

the crop is allowed to ripen, the beans

are threshe’d and ground for the stock,

thus getting _ a high protein concen-

trate raised on the farm. Cooked, the

'soy bean has a peculiar though not

disagreeable taste and while we expect

to put out ten or fifteen acres: of says

this year, we do not believe‘ that it will

be profitable much longer to use the

ground bean as a stock food. There is

little question but that When the grain

is fully appreciated, it will be greatly

desired for human consumption.

I. J. Mn'rnnws.





ACTIVITIES OF MICHIGAN FARM-

ERS.





 





Dairymen met at Hillsdale and form-

ed the Hillsdale County Milk Produc-

ers’ Association, with the following

officers: President, C. T.'VanAken;

secretary, Dr. A. Z. Nichols; treasurer,

Wm. Bach. The association started

with fifty—four members but it is ex-

pected to increase the number to 200.

About 4,000 milk producers are now

affiliated with the state organization.





E. P. Robinson, farm agent of Sagi-

naw county, has launched a campaign

to drive the smut out of oats. About

40,000 acres is devoted to the oat crop

annually in Saginaw county and the

loss from this disease is estimated at

$2.50 per acre. Cleaning the cats of

all weed seeds, chaff and light grains

by means of a farming mill and fight-

ing smut either by the well known

sprinkling method or by the new con-

centrated formaldehyde treatment are

recommended in a pamphlet that is be-

ing given wide distribution.



Prof. V. H. Shoesmith, head of the

farm crops department of the M. A.

C., has resigned to take the manage-

ment of the Jennings’ farm of 4,300

acres in Muskegon and Newaygo coun-

ties. A feature will be made of pedi-

greed grain, seed and live stock. Prof.

J. F. Cox succeeds Mr. Shoesmith at

the college.





Kent Co. ALMOND Gmrrn .v.





 





FARM NOTES.





 





Sweet Clover for Poor Sandy Land.





I have a piece of sandy land which

is practically unproductive. Would it

be wise to sow it to sweet clover this

spring with a cover crop of rye? I

want to build it up, but do not know

the most practical and quick method.



Van- Buren Co. E. S.





Sweet clover would be a very valu-

able crop for soil renovation on this

type of land. An essential to success

with this crop is an alkaline or neu-

tral soil. The soil should be tested for

acidity, and if an acid reaction is se-

cured, lime should be applied previous

to or at the time of seeding the sweet

clover. For quick results use 500 lbs.

per acre of. hydrated lime.



Ground limestone is the best source

of lime forapermanent results, but it

should be well mixed with the soil, ap-

plying at the rate of about two tons

per acre some time before seeding if

possible. ‘



The easiesttest to use for acidity is

the litmus paper test. Simply purchase

a small package of blue litmus paper

at your drug store, place same in con-

tact with moist soil for half an hour,

and if the color of the paper is chang~

ed to a reddish tint, it is an indication

that lime is required. '



Sweet clover demands a firm seed

bed, and unless scarified seed is se-

cured, it is a good plan to soak the

seek in warm water before sowing, as

better germination will be secured. On

sandy soils which are deficient in hu-

mus, sweet clover will make a better

growth than any other leguminous





 





 





ens hicfi





 





thigh ‘be used. for.





proper place for this plant in Michigan

agriculture, rather than as a forage

crop on lands which will produce clo-

ver and. alfalfa.





Treating Seed Oats for Smut.





Being a subscriber to your paper I

take the liberty to ask your advice in

regard to treating seed oats for smut.

I would like to know if it would be all

right to put the oats in bags and'pile

them loosely in my hen house and

burn formaldehyde in the house to kill

the hen lice and mites, and if it will

kill the smut in the oats? My hen

house can be made nearly air tight by

closing the windows and ventilator.



Oakland Co. B. F. W.





In the writer’s opinion, thismethod

of treating seed oats for smut would

not be very satisfactory. In the first.

place, it is questionable whether the

formaldehyde gas would thoroughly

permeate the oats in sacks so as to

effectively kill the smut spores: The

gas treatment was for several years

used quite extensively in the treatment

of potatoes for scab, but was finally

discarded as objectionable after ex-

haustive experiments, both because of

its ineffciency in destroying, the scab

spores, and also because of deleterious

effect upon the germinating quality of

the seed.



The best method of treating oats for

smut is by the use of one pound of

formaldehyde to fifty gallons of water.

sprinkling same over the seed and who

ing the seed until every kernel is thor-

oughlywet, then covering with canvas

for two or three hours and spreading

to dry before sowing.



Preparing for the Clover Seed Crop.



Can one pasture new seeding for a

while this spring, and then turn the

cattle out, and cut, a crop of clover

seed? The wheat. on this field was

thin last year and While the clover

came up evenly and made a splendid

growth, it was weedy in places, and

for that reason I do not want to cut





it for hay.



Kent Co. L. J. McC.



This clover may properly be pastur-

ed for a month or so this spring and

then permitted to grow a crop of clo—

ver seed. Of course, the success of

the seed crop will depend very largely

upon the weather, but'either pasturing

or clipping back clover seeding in the

spring is at least'partial insurance of

a good crop of clover seed, since it

brings the blooming period at a season

when the clover midge is. less pre~

valent, and when the weather is usual-





ly more favorable for the filling of the





clover heads. -



It is a good plan not to pasture too

closely, and then clip back what

growth the stock does not eat at the

time the stock is taken out of the field.

This will be beneficial in two ways,

since it will give the clover an even

start, insuring even maturity of the

seed crop, and will discourage the

weeds which are prevalent in places in

this field.



Seeding Clover in Rye Used for



Pasture.



I would like to know how to get a.

sure catch of clover, and how to test

seed. I work 20 acres, keep two horses

and two cows. I sowed four acres of

rye on wheat stubble‘last fall and pas-

tured it. Good stand of rye, and now

I want to seed this rye with clover and

a little alsike. How would you do it

to get best. results? Would you har-

row it a little and seed, and then go

over it with aWeeder? I also want to

know how to seed in barley. Which is

the best barley to sow, and where can

I get it?



Branch Co. S. J.



Much will depend on the character

of the soil as to the best method of

seeding clover. However, a safe plan

would be to give the rye a good-har-

rowing then sow seed and cover with

barrow. If the rye is to be spring pas-

tured, the trampling of the stock will

help to cover the seed, and the spring

pasturing will keep back the rye until





the clover gets nicely started. This is





a very good way to get a seeding start-





eed-on thin land. It is possible, how‘- ..

ever, that the soil needs an application.





 





reason it is well adapted to the rent)- T “

Vation-of'this kind of soil.) This lathe
APRILl14',”1917. " -‘ i ' ~



of lime for best results Thisis lik 1y

to be the case where difficulty as

been encountered in getting good seed-

ings, which indicates an acid condition

of the soil.



Seeding in barley is accomplished by

sowing the seed, either ahead or be-

hind the drill, so that it will be cover—

ed lightly. If a good firm seed bed is

prepared, this is one of the most cer-

tain methods of seeding clover.



Probably the Oderbrucker barley is

the most popular variety in this state,

and will be found liberally advertised

for seed purposes in season.



Poisonous Effects of Sorghum.



Is sorghum ever poisonous to cattle

when cut and cured as hay?



Macomb Co. A. S.



Sorghum when used as a soiling crop

is ordinarily harmless, but in some

1 cases the second growth of sorghum

and also of kaffir corn is found to be

fatally poisonous to live stock to which

it is fed. Investigations at the Nebras-

ka Station resulted in a satisfactory

explanation of the cause of such fatal

‘ results. When the first or second crop

i of sorghum is checked in its growth,

prussic acid is developed in the plants

in fatal quantities. It has been found

by experiments, however, that the cur-

ed fodder, even the second growth, can

I be fed with comparative safety, or the



stock may be pastured in same with-

out danger after the plantshave been

i killed by frost. ,



Value of Coal Ashes as a Fertilizer.





I have been wondering if you would

i be so kind as to state in your valuable

paper the value of hard coal ashes to





land.

Jackson Co. R. D.

1 Coal ashes do not have sufficient

' fertilizing value to make their applica-

i tion to the soil profitable. They may

possess some mechanical value when

applied to hard clay spots, but are less

valuable for this purpose than coarse

vegetable matter, which would loosen

the soil and in time add to the supply

of humus.





 





 





.“





 





 





GOOD ROADS ,IN MICHIGAN.





 





The Kent County Road Commission

has ordered 600 signs, to be placed at

highway intersections on 225 miles of

improved roads. They will be mount-

ed on steel posts and will give the

name of the road and distances to the

nearest villages and cities.



Fully eighty miles of good roads will

be built in Calhoun county this year.

They will be of three types, gravel,

stone base and gravel top and macad-

am and the average cost per mile is

estimated at $3,300., Bonds for $380,-

000 to cover the expense have been

sold by the supervisors.



, Shiawassee county has let contracts

for building state reward roads as fol-

lows: Watson’s corners to Shiawas-

see town, to Wm. Strauch, $7,800; east

of Laingsburg in Bennington and Scio-

ia townships, to W. E. Fleming, $10,-

275; road in Antrim township, east of

Morrice, to Louis Heath, $10,800.



.- Jackson county will vote on a bond



issue of $900,000 for good roads and



meetings are being held in the town-

ships under the auspices of the county

good roads association. It is argued

that Jackson county has 3,736 farms,

that each one of them is in a sense a

factory and in order to operate profit-

ably it must have sWitching facilities

for its freight. Time and money lost

in going to market over bad roads

with small loads is an important leak



9) in the farm-factory operations.



Grand Traverse county has finished

laying 8,000 yards of gravel on .the

roads, the work being done during the

coldest part of the winter.



Calhoun county rejected bids for the

construction of 5.76 miles of road be-

tween Albion and Marshall, consider-

ing them too high, and will open new

bids April 4. , .



Genesee county will open bids on

April 5 for building the Saginaw road,

which will form part of the Dixie high-

way and passes through Mt. Morris,





 





Flint, and Grand Blanc' to the south

county line. It will be thirty feet Wide,

with eighteen feet of. concrete, three

feet of macadam shoulder and three

feet of dirt on either side.

from Flint to Lapeer will be improved,

also other roads.





Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN.





NUMBER OF GAS TRACTORS IN

COMMISSION ON FARMS.





 





To secure data as to the number of

gasoline and kerosene tractors to be

in actual use on farms during the com-

ing season, the Office of Farm Manage-‘

ment in co-operation with the bureau

of crop estimates, United States De.

partment of Agriculture, addressed in-

quiries to 32,000 selected correspond-

ents. They were asked to report all

tractors which were to be actually us-

ed in farm operations this season.

Steam-driven ,tractors, tractors pur-

chased but not delivered, tractors out

of commission or not to be used this

season, and tractors employed for road

or work other than farming were to be

excluded.



The figures given below indicate the

number of tractors the actual owner-

ship of which was clearly established

and the intention to use which during

the season, implied. Mere estimates

as to the probable number of tractors

in any county were disregarded. The

figures, therefore, are offered not as

an actual count of all tractors, but as

indicating the relative employment of

tractors in farming in the different

sections. ‘



Number of Farm Tractors Actually in

. Commission.





 





Alabama . .................. . . . . . 313

Arizona .. ....................... 23

Arkansas ....................... 336

California ....................... 1358

Colorado ........................ 525

Connecticut ..................... 47

Delaware ....................... 34

Florida ......................... 71

Georgia ......................... 543

Idaho ........................... 262

Illinois .......................... 3202

Indiana ......................... 1852

Iowa ............................ 2223

Kansas ......................... 2287

Kentucky ....................... 348

Louisiana ....................... 343

Maine .......................... 53

Maryland ....................... 190

Massachusetts .................. 91

Michigan ........................ 945

Minnesota ...................... 1575

Mississippi ...................... 377

Missouri ........................ 1141

Montana ........................ 808

Nebraska ....................... 1773

Nevada ......................... 19

New Hampshire ................. 23

New Jersey ..................... 107

New Mexico ..................... 83

New York ...................... 1210

North Carolina .................. 452

North Dakota ................... 2137

Ohio ........................... .1305

Oklahoma ....................... 795

Oregon ......................... 318

Pennsylvania .......... . ......... 595

Rhode Island ................... 30

South Carolina .................. 387

South Dakota ................... 1527

Tennessee .................. ._ . . . 442

Texas .......................... 2235

Utah ........................... 88

Vermont ......................... 75

Vlrginia ......................... 434

Washington ..................... 209

West Virginia ................... 90

Wisconsin ...................... 904

Wyoming ........ . .............. 186



Total ....................... 34,371





The figures above have been com-

pared with all available data. The

numbers in the states east of the Mis-

sissippi agree reasonably well with oth-





er data and may be looked upon as,





fairly complete. In some of the west-

ern states, however, marked discrepan-

cies exist between these figures and

those of local or unofficial counts.

Such discrepancies are explained, in

part, by the number of old tractors

which have gone out of commission and

by those which the owners do not ex-

pect to operate this year. It is likely,

also, that the reporters in some of the

more sparsely settled sections would

have less intimate knowledge of trac-

tors in their territories than would

those in the more thickly populated

and smaller counties of the east.





*r-nf-E MICHIGAN F’A‘R ME R





The road i





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





 





Merely a sample of the dosigns

shown in the Curtis Home Books.





(Do VVe IGOWYOut’ Dis ikes?





You don’t want old style designs in your woodwork? In

our big new catalog—see it at your dealer’s—every design

has been modernized and approved by architectural artists.



You don’t want woodwork that will show its weakness

I in a few months—cracks, warping, buckling,_etc.? The

lumber in cures Woodwork is selected by experts and

handled by master workmen.



You don’t want gaping joints, hard-working doors and

drawers? Bu'iifls Woodwork is made like fine furniture.



Is it any wonder that we mark such woodwork with our





name? Look for this mark—-





WDDDWDRK





“ The Permanent Furniture for Your Home”





Woodwork. hearing this mark is as faultless as good intent, skill and ac-

curate machmes can make it. Besides, it’s shipped on the dates set for

shipping. Go to your lumber dealer for cu‘ifi-IS Woodwork and avoid

even the disappointment of delay.





Home Books FREE





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





3:10,: Clip the coupon and send it in for your choice. They

' M

mgdggla mm are Better Built Homes, Vol. II—$2700 and under;

332330,” Vol. III—$2700 to_ $4500. They show floor plans and

WNW, exterior and interior Views. Which shall we send you?

Screen Doorl &

“gm;- THE CURTIS COMPANIES

Howell

New“ SERVICE BUREAU

giolonmdel 1578-1673 .Second Street, Clinton Iowa

ookcalol , . . . '

“mt“. Manufacturing and Dzatrzbutz'na Plants at

Window Sentl Clinton Iowa. Li 1 , .

Well Panel- Waunu, Win. Ol'iliccoalglo Nob Hinnoapolin

Coiling Beams Oklahoma City Detroit

Mouldings Sioux 0ity,I. Topeka,Kan. .

:33: ggli‘im“ Eastern Oflices at “

Porch Belultorl Pittsburgh A: Washington 1

Iverythlng in The makers of CURTIS .

Woodwork Woodwork arantee com- l

plete sa‘ns action to its

era e’ '





us . re not satia-

fied unless you are.”





 





 





 





lillllllliiil"""/ i" i





 





 





 





 





‘ St., Clinton, Iowa

' Without obligation.

please send me





. 2 \ .

l (Ire; Jmmmmlml I . J“; “n I},

‘ I M" “ “I “I'll““llllllllilllllllll "Jib—“1. .. c.1533

. .i 1 r ‘E' ,Il Companies

- , , . Serwce

_... ' _ . ._-.. ..- ’ Bureau





Vol. II —— Homes. $2700 and

under; Vol, III-Homes. $2700

(0 $450





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘ Alene the book you with

i ‘ ‘ ’ — '9. ‘ I p .

. - i'i‘" EI §\</,.>zl “3‘“

g ._< »_ 2- k 2‘. RJ? n Town

Not ce the harmony between the furniture

and the Cdfl‘flSWoodworh State





 





 





 

 





% Gives You A Giant‘s Power





Alone. you can pull anv stump in your’fieldlwith this owerful

. $3 6.90 machine. A {gush of few pounds on lever gives a pal of tons





 





and 'on stump. his tremendous poweris developed by double

, up leverage. No lost motion, every stroke counts. New idea in

% . speed control-use high power to loosen stump—fast speed to

,,-_- uproot 1t. Clears over one acre from anchor. Clears your land at low cost.





Write Today for Free Book, “The Gold in Your Stump Land”





and Special Profit Sharing Offer. Learn of our Ten Dnfirs’ Trial

money back otter—how every KIRSTIN is guarantee 3881““ '

breakage tor Fifteen Years.





A. J. xmsrm co.. 5962 Ludinzlou Street. and... mu...





 

   

   

 





 

 





d ,K— Stump Puller I

6° SEED BABLEY 52‘33





RECLEANED. BAGS EXTRA 26¢.

YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEEQ co.. Orinoco. "loll.

lunllon no Ilehlm Farmer Wlm Writing Martian





   





WHITE SWEET $





CLOVER it





.0 L... UNHULLED Otto. DAG. EXTRA 25 CENT. IACN





YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED co.. Ownsso. Mich.





.. u... ma.wms..nu~w mmmwmmwmwmvmmm» ' fl V





. «(analogs-rim»); K’My“M' may. ~ . -1_ s
level fields.

any desired cutting depth.





tooth barrows.

horse cultivators.





or cultivators.





 





 





 





Harrow Buying





ARROW’S that do the best work and last

longest cost so little that there IS no

economy in buying any but the best.

Will bring you complete information about Interna-

tional Harvester disk, spring-tooth and peg-tooth barrows.

Write the card now and mail it as soon as you can.

i In the line there are bumper disks with rigid frames, four-

wear bearings and gangs that are level at every cuttin angle.

Also disk barrows with independent gangs that, can Es used

for side hill work and for filling dead furrows as well as on

For wet, cloddy fields we have spring-tooth har-

rows with teeth that cannot work loose and that can be set to

Our smoothing barrows have

, s%uare teeth that cannot twist, and stiffening bars that keep

1 a the teeth at the same cutting angle regardless of extra-

strain put on any single tooth.

other special features can be furnished for all 5 ring and peg-

We have also a complete line 0 one and two-





This spring you will need tillage implements, barrows

. If ’ou want the best your money will buy,

write that post car today and mail it.





international Harvester Company of America





Owners”)

CHICAGO U S A

Champion Deering McCormick Osborne Piano





 

   





as... ‘hk.





(is





Y





 





A post card





Riding attachments and





Milwaukee





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





oil becomes acid after cropping.

Organisms cannot live in acid soil.





I egumes depend on the growth of

organisms.





Vigor in your crops depends on organisms

Acid in your soil is neutralized by lime.





Y on should use Solvay Pulverized

Limestone.





 





480 W. Jefferson Ave..





   





Sweeten Your Soil





The Solvay Process Co.,

Detroit, Mich.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





assay





LIMESTONE





is powdered as fine as flour.

Solvay guarantees t h a t 95 %

p a s s e s throu h 50-mesh

screen. Practica y every part-

icle dissolves quickly into the

earth-every particle works to

SWeetcn the soil and to create

maximum fertility.





Write for full information and

expert soil advice. The resources of

the Solvay Laboratories and Test

Farm are at your service, free.





 





 





Bee Hives, Sect-ions, Comb

Foundation. Smokers. etc. Every-

thing for the. fees including Be-

ginners Outfits. Send for catalog.

340. per pound cash for average bees-

: ' uax delivered here. General agents

, .1 ' for l. n to bee supplies in Michigan.





Bee Keepers Supplies





   

 





and 16 qt. cmtes. Special 2100 A

irrade berry baskets ostpaid for

31:55 or 200 B gnu e for $1.2.)

within 150 miles of Lansing. No

waxiined paper baskets this

season.





M.H.Hunl & Son, Box 525,1.aming,Mich.





Send for prices on berry baskets

I. “ ‘1 \





 

 





 





“4‘; --.> '1





a





 





 





l WRITE FOR our PRICE LIST

= We Buy WASTE PAPER





and all Kinds of Scrap Material.





THEODORE HOFELLER a. 00.

Dept- M., Bull-Io, ILV.





 





 





 





 





AGRICULTURAL HME NW... “Wed

Lime and Puiverized

Limestone, also pulverized burned iimemll made from

high calcium limestone. Guaranteed to he the best on

the market. Your inquiries solicited. Samples fum—

is! .‘rl on rcquest. Northern Lime (20.. Petoskcy, Mich.





s E E D 0 ATS M- A- 0- my

and New Victory

varieties. Big yields. stifi' straw, good Heed. well clear:-

ed. Price $1.25 per l)ll.. less than if! bu. ‘25c extra for

sacks. 10 bu. or more sacks free. JENNINGS FARMS.

V.-M. Shoesmlth. Gen’l Manager. Bailey. Mich.





 





 





 





 





”Vegetables





The U. 3. Dept. of Agriculture rec-

ommends that you rid your seeds and

soil oi infection before planting, with

the greatest known disinfectant——





it prevents scab and black—leg

that attacks eels and other vegetables.

lt guard: against onion rot and onion

smut and am , cucumber root rot. ;

It prevents mou d in celery, lettuce,

pannips and other covered seeds when ,

appbcl to the beds before plantin . :

One int bottle of our Formaldehyde

costs 5 cents. Big scientific bookwitli

lull directions sent free upon request.





PERTH mar carillon. worms





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





Hummus-mm mrouu





 

 





 





 





W

Seed Potatoes. gauge;

marketable also and guaranteed free from bli ht and

scab. David Loenliouts R. 2, White Clou , Mich.





SEED OATS Larger and better crops by.

' use of the Great Done and



Golden Fleece. Pedigreod need. Write for sample



and price to W. J. MERRIAM. Almont, Mich.





 





LIME





Imogen, inch“ aid





Pulverised lime'rock for "sour"





soils. Write for LOW PRICES

DIRECT TO YOU and we will

send Ronnie and full particu-

' {‘13:}? '38 ”1931‘s?“ ’°“’

S R 5 ‘ . . .

LAKE HO South Haven. Kloh





 





 





 





.u 1' the sting Strawberry. 8‘: r 100. 812 “I “fl“ Michigan Yellow Dent seed corn norm in

. . r . June r rietiosil per £300. 8 n, Shlgww County. 83.“) nor nollol.

lm'n Initefm. 0n o. um. 00.. Mien. n. o. om. - - - ' 0W1. Wallis“





E





,~ E have been growingvstrawber-l





yet do not pretend to “know it

all.” Two years ago, or rather, early

in 1915, we decided .to try some of the

fall-bearing strawberries which were

considered by most people something

of a novelty. We ordered two hundred

_——one hundred each of the two leading

varieties, Superb and Progressive. ’



They were planted the same and

given the same care as the once-a-

year sorts.

a little and learn something.



As with all kinds of strawberries,

the earlier the plants are set, in the

spring, the better. Last year we want—

ed to increase the number of young

plants rather than to let the original

plants bear fruit.





Early Production Not.Desirable.



We learned, long ago, that a straw-

berry plant cannot produce good plants

from runners and bear a crop of ber-

ries at the same time. Therefore, only

a few of the fall-bearers or “everbear~

ers,” were allowed to produce berries

in the fall. None of the new growth

that was wanted for setting elsewhere

'should ever be permitted to bear. 'It





and later have to be transplanted.

Some of the young runner plants-be-

gan to throw out clusters of fruit. buds

before the roots were well started.

These were removed.





‘We kept all buds picked off until

about July 20. ‘3eginners are apt to

make the common mistake oflle‘aving

the buds on newly set plants, thereby

spoiling the chance for a good cr0p

later on. This is why some would-be

strawberry growers fail.



Progressive strawberry plants will

bear a large crop of berries the first

season, or rather in the fall of the

same year they are planted. This is

true both of the original plants and

those that start from runners. But as

stated above, we do not allow many of

the latter to bear the first season if

they are to be transplanted the follow-

ing year.



Each Variety HasGood Features.



Superb bears a fair crop the first

season, but is not such a persistent

bearer as the Progressive. Only the.

original plants bear, but the following

season we find Superb away ahead of

Progressive, especially in the early

part of the season. Both varieties

(that Were not molested) bore fall

crops last year and then were among

the earliest to bear the following

spring.



Superb is larger-7 than Progressive

but not. so good in quality. Both have

many good points, not possessed by

other varieties, besides bearing two

crops a year. Progressive is a strong

grower and seems to withstand dry

weather better than most sorts. The

quality of the berry is excellent. Su-

perb is much larger and the fruit is

more attractive. in appearance, but late

in the fall when Progressive is at its

best, Superb is a little “flat” to the

taste.



One customer pronounced Progres-

sive the best-flavored strawberry he

had ever tasted. This was in October,

1916. At that time we were selling

strawberries at forty cents a quart

from plants that were set last April.



We sell both spring and fall crops

direct to consumers. In spring, as a

rule, we get. from ten to fifteen cents

a quart. We use both pint and quart

baskets. Pint boxes, octagon style,

are. very popular here. They bring

twenty cents readily when well filled.

We always give good measure. It pays.

Ever-bearing Strawberries Profitable.



The question is frequently asked:

“Are fall-bearing strawberries as prof-

itable, everything considered, as the

once-a-year' sorts?” From What we

have learned, so far, We believe that





 





;— .Everbea‘rgini’g Strawberrles





ries for a. number of years and





We wanted to experiment





injures a plant, we find, to bear a crop ,





 





they are. .when properly managed,

much more profitable. Last year we

fruited only a small number of plants.

This year was not a good one for try-

ing out new crops. We had about 5,000

plants; but‘lackcf rain nearly ruined

the fall crop.





We find it plays to grow dwarf snap

beans among strawberry plants. The





latter do not occupyall the space at





first. The beans are planted'between

the strawberry plants which are usu-

ally froin twenty to thirty—six inches

apart in the rows. The beans are out

of the way before the young runner

plants need the space. We “layer" the

strongest runners and destroy all of

the small or interior ones, such as the

side-branch growth, which'if left will

make weak plants. All weeds are kept

down.



We cultivate freQuently with horse

cultivator, wheel~hoe, hand-hoe and

small garden rake. Have never used

commercial fertilizer, but use plenty

of barnyard manure and poultry fer-

tilizer as top-dressing, worked in well

with rake, after plants are well start-

ed. They need plenty of plant food.



Ohio. A. W. GALLIGHER.





 





SWEET CORN.





 





Sweet corn should always be found

in the home garden when space al«

lows, since it loses quality very rapidly

after being picked. Its sugar changes

into starch, so that to have it at its

best it should be on the fire within

fifteen minutes after being pulled

from the stalk.



Corn does best in a fertile soil, but

is able to adapt itself to all textures

from sand to clay. To grow it in suf‘

ficient quantities for the average fam-

ily requires more. space, however, than

for most garden vegetables. It should

not be planted until after danger of

frost is past.





Adaptable to Two Crop Systems.





The rows should be “spaced not clos—

er than three feet apart, and for the

larger-growing late varieties the dis-

tance had best be three and one-half

feet. Stalks should be thinned to stand

from fifteen to eighteen inches in the

row. In planting the seed is covered

with one or two inches of soil. Culti-

vation must be thorough, frequent, and

shallow.



It is possible to use the ground oc-

cupied by early corn for a fall planting

of such crops as spinach, turnips, and

kale. Large, late varieties, however,

will occupy the ground for practically

the whole season.



The Best Varieties.



For early use the yellow sweet corns

have recently become quite popular. Of

these the. Golden Bantam is a well-

known variety. Early Minnesota has

long been a favorite. White Mexican

is a valuable early corn. Early Mala-

kohf is a very early sort of excellent.

quality, which does better in the north

than in the middle states, however.

Early Adams is a variety frequently

grown for market, and its virtues are

rather those of the market than of the

table. It is a flint corn, not a sweet

corn, but if used during the very short

period when its qualities are at their

best, its flavor is good.



For midseason and late use, Crosby,

Potter’s- Excelsior, Country Gentle—

man, Black Mexican, and Stowel’s Ev-

ergreen are suitable.



It is possible to have a fairly long





‘season of usable corn if three varieties





such as Golden BantampCrosby and.

Country Gentleman are planted simul-

taneously in early spring. To make the

season continuous until frost, hOWever,

it will be necessary to plant some va- _

riety. at intervals of two or three weeks

up to the last of July. Crosby is every

good variety for this purpose—U. s,

Dept. of Agricul.
. Arms. 19117 '





BRIDGE GR mug—A REMEDY

FOR GI ED TREES.





 





Mice, moles, rabbits, and other rod-

ents frequently injure the young fruit

trees by gnawing the bark at the base

of the trunk. The damage is generally

done in the winter and early spring.

During these seasons green grass,

weeds, and other succulent plant food

is unavailable, but the tender bark of

the young tree furnishes an excellent

substitute, and is greedily eaten by

these small animal pests of field and

orchard.



Progressive orchardists generally

avoid this trouble by using effective

preventive measures. However, either

through carelessness or lack of time,

the bark of the young fruit trees is of-

ten allowed to be eaten away, leaving

the wood bare at the injured point.

Frequently the trunk is completely

girdled. This is a very serious injury

to the young and growing tree and

should be attended to as s00n as pos—

sible.



The quickest and surest remedy is

bridge grafting, a practice that has re-

peatedly given satisfactory results to

practical growers, and has saved many

trees from the brush pile. The prin-

ciple of bridge grafting is exactly the

same as that of the cleft, tongue, and

other forms of grafting, but the opera-

tion involves a little more care than

any of the latter. The edges of the

girdle are pared down to fresh wood,

and the cions out two or three inches

longer than the width of the girdle.

These cions are of the same kind as

those used for ordinary grafting. They

are cut to a wedge shape on either end

and the ends are inserted between the

bark and the wood on the upper and

lower rims of the girdle. Care should

be exercised in cutting the cions, so





as to make the cuts as smooth as pos- .‘ _ »





sible, and not to fray the green, tender

bark just beneath the outer layer of

the twig. As in any type of grafting,

the green or cambium layer of the cion

should come in contact with the same

layer in the bark of the tree. The cions

should be so numerous that they al-

most touch each other entirely around

the tree. After they are inserted a

strip of cloth should be bound tightly

around the bark over their ends and

the whole girdle waxed over, standard

grafting wax being used. This is made

by melting four parts by weight of

resin, two of beeswax, and one of ren-

dered tallow, the liquid being poured





into a pail or tub of water to harden,,





and then worked with the hands until

it becomes a sticky, yellow mass. If

the eions have been properly cut and

inserted, and the girdle well covered

with wax, at least a portion of them

should unite with the bark of the tree.

This will form a bridge between the

separated portibn of bark and allow

the passage of water and plant food

across the'gap. .





Ingham Co. A. H. JOEL.





 





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





 





Bean Weevi‘l.



On looking over our butter bean seed

we discovered each bean was pierced

with several round holes and brown

beetle the size of a ladybug but _not so

flat. I have been told this weev1l grew

in the bean and started in the blossom

of the bean. Please advise how to stop

this and guard against occurring again.



Shiawassee Co. A. T. B.



Your butter bean seed has been at-

tacked by the weevil, and the holes

which you see in the beans are caus-

ed by the adults when they emerge

from the bean.





The infestation of the beans may be

caused either in the field or in the bin.

The insect usually lays its eggs on the

vines, and after the grub hatches it

makes its way into the bean. When

the infestation is Caused‘in the bin, it



‘is usually from old bins which have

had infested seed in it previously.



There is no satisfactory method of





 





remedying the trouble after the seed

has been infested. The usual method

of control is to fumigate the seed soon

after it is gathered.

plished by placing the seed in a tight

box and pouring carbon bisulphide into

a saucer and placing it on top of the

beans.

phide is sufficient for one hundred cu-

bic feet of space.

kept closed for twenty-four hours.





adult weevil after it has emerged from

the bean.

plant infested seed, I would advise you

to destroy the seed on hand and pro-

cure seed from some source which you

know to be free from weevil.





muck and sand which has been under

cultivation four successive years, each





fall but am going to plow under and

top—dress with somewhat coarse stable





 





TH E ,M'Ic H I





This . is accom-





One pound of carbon bisul-

The box should be





The brown beetle you see is the





As it is not advisable to





Ma-nure for Onions.

I have about an acre of well drained





season to corn. Expect to sow it to

onions this spring, in rows 14 inches

apart for bulbs. Did not plow it last





manure. I understand if manure is ap-

plied fresh or not well rotted, it will

produce a big top growth and “stick

necks,” or “scullions” but no bulb

growth. What should I use with the





 





 





 





 





. Bridge Grafting.





manure to produce good bulb growth?

Is salt beneficial? When should it be

used and how much? How about wood





ashes?

Lenawee Co. E. W. M.

One of the chief essentials of suc-

cessful onion culture is to have the

ground rich and in good tilth. Fall

plowing is therefore best as the weath-

ering of the soil puts it in better con-

dition. If coarse matter is turned un-

der it leaves the soil too open and

coarse manure, not being thoroughly

incorporated with the soil, becomes too

readily available and produces» a

growth of top at the expense of the

bulb. Fresh manure is not good for

melons and other plants because it

causes prolific growth and continues

the growth late into the season and

prevents the development of fruit or

bulb.

There is nothing that can be used

to counteract this effect of fresh ma-

nure. Salt will check plant growth

but to the detriment of the plant, and

the salt left in the soil may have a

detrimental effect on succeeding crops.

It would be advisable for you to use

the manure on some' other ground and

fertilize your onions with commercial

fertilizer if necessary. Unleached

wood ashes are also good as they tend

to improve the texture of the soil and

make available potash and phosphorus.





In the orchard, broadly speaking, we

have two groups of insects, those that

are beneficial, including the bees, and

lady beetles, and those which are more

or less injurious. The beneficial forms

should be protected while the injurious

ones should be combated. Of the in-

jurious forms some are controlled by

general orchard management, includ-





ing clean culture, pruning, and cultiva- ,





tion, while others can be reached most

effectively by applying sprays or other

insecticides.





G‘TA N F A RM “E R9“





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





For complete working plans, specifications and bill of materials

for this barn and thirteen other farm buildings. send coupon below.





Get the Right Wood





LL WOODS have certain uses for which they



are by nature especially adapted—and on



their selection for those uses hinges the whole

problem of economy in building.





For all outside uses, where the wood is exposed

to the weather, no other wood gives such long or

such satisfactory service as





WHITE PINE

White Pine does not warp, Split, twist or rot, even

after years of service under the severest climatic

conditions. It forever “stays put”-—the joints al-

ways hold tight. It takes and holds paint perfectly.





Its soft, straight, yielding grain makes it a pleasure to

handle—easy to work and easy on tools—an important item,

espec1ally when you do the work yourself.

White Pine buildings are permanent improvements and

increase the value of your farm. Once built they last for

years without requiring continual repairs. And the dif-

ference in cost between White Pine and the cheapest

wood for the exterior of any farm, building is negligible.





Your lumbendealer has White Pine or can get it for you.

Insist on having it.

WHITE PINE BUREAU .

' 1457 Merchants Bank Bldg.. St. Paul, Minn.

Representing





The Northern Pine Manufacturers’Association of Minnesota, Wisconsin

and Michigan. and The Associated White Pine Manufacturers of Idaho





I_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllll TEAR OFF AND SEND NOW





 





 





 





 





 





 





WHITE Pmn BUREAU

E] Barns (2) 1457 Merchants Bank Bldg.. St. Paul, Minn.

*332’21356332mW <1) iiihfifi .‘éfii’i’eieha‘iiiniiefii‘éfiff the

D Milk House (I) Name

D Poultry Houses (3)

E] Implement Sheds (8) P' O

C] Garage (1) R. F. D State





 





 





 





o grow.

quality. 20leading

varieties. H l g h est





Answer the farmer's big questions: yielders. Best show





How canl have a. good garden th

least expense? How can the wife

have plenty of fresh vegetables for

the home table With least labor?

IRON AGE CombinedHiIl

and Drill Seeder . ,

solves the garden labor problem. '

Takes the place of many tools—

stcred in small space. Sows, cov-

ers, cultivates,_wceds, ridges,

etc. ,better than old-time tools.

woman, boy or girl can

push it and don day a hand-

. work in 60

minutes. 88 ,





c corn. Wonderful onsl-

laga corn Also seed oats,



barley, alfalfa. timothy. Samples on

request. 1200 acres. Write for catalog.





w. u. spins a sons. ll“ catllslo. o.





 





 





Choice Northern Grown





SEED POTATOES





DORR D. BUELL,

The Seed Potato Man of the North

ELMIRA, OTSEGO C0., MICHIGAN





SEED BABLEY 52°33





. RECLEANED. BAGS EXTRA 25c.

vouun-munouu SEED 00.. Owes». "loll.





Dakota HardY ALFALFA





Does Not Winter Kill

Our Disco Alfalfa and Seed Book ives full informa-

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N many sections of the country the

breeders of. horses have had much

difficulty in the successful rearing



of their foals. As long as draft horses

remain as high in price as they are at

this time, the loss of a foal from a

well-bred draft stallion and a good dam

would represent the loss of about fifty

dollars at least and in some cases

much more than this. Much of these

losses can be prevented if the proper

methods are observed by the owner or

caretaker at the time of the colt’s

birth, and also a few days before and

after the same.



The one disease among foals that



causes great losses is known as Navel



111, or Joint Disease. This is an infec-



tious disease and by observing proper



and thorough sanitary precautions this



loss could be very greatly reduced. Arc



other condition that causes great loss



is acute intestinal catarrh or diarrhea.

Caring for the Mare.



The mare that is about to foal should

receive special care and should not be

treated as though she would not foal.

For the last two or three weeks the

mare should be fed so that the bowels

are loose and should be fed only easily

digestible feed and not in loo large

quantities. She should have exercise

in the‘open when possible every day.

Light work will do no harm, but if it

is not absolutely necessary the mare

would do better and tho risk would be

greatly lessened ii" she was not, worked

a great deal during the last: two or

three weeks. If a mare should be work-

ed hard right up 10 the lime of fouling

and has a normal foal without any

complication it would possibly do her

no harm, and we have known of sev-

eral of them that were worked up to

fouling time, but if she should happen

to have a difficult fouling time and re—

quire some assistance, she will be very

liable to complications and she will

not come through the ordeal as good

as she might have done had she had

her natural strength, instead of being

worked down.



It is good business to have someone

about. when 1119 mare foals, as often

the ai'tcrbirlh is so dense. that, the foal

is unable lo rupture it by its weight

when i1 falls, or when the mother gets

on her feet and many a coll. smothers

because there is no one present to rup-

ture the membranes.





 





 





 





 

 





   

 





Grape-Nuts ‘

contains the rich

supplies of

phosphate of

potash grown

in wheat and

barley.



Its mission is

therefore clear

and plain—it

supplies what

ordinary food

lacks.



And it does its

work in a.

sturdy.

straightforward,

dependable

way, as tens



of thousands

of its users



can testify.





“'l'llere’s a Reason”





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





“Ill“! ,

l l In“ I

”flip

nu

nllmllfé





«mull. I





 

 





 

   

   

 

 

   

   

   

 

   





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





Diseases of Young" F0

” " By G. S. CONN, V. S." " .





 

 





 

   

 

 

 





 





 





a .





 





as





“II





The last two or three weeks of the

mate’s time she should be placed in a

clean box stall and it should be. thor-

oughly cleaned and-disinfected and

should be kept well bedded with clean

straw. Other animals. and especially

any that have bad suppurating wounds

or sores should not be permitted in

this part of the barn. It is well. to

have a stall in the barn for this pur-

pose and then keep it in good shape.

Diarrhea or Acute Intestinal Catarrh.



The stomach and the bowels of the

young foal are very delicate and sen-

sitive and are very susceptible to di-

gestive disturbances. An improper

composition of the milk due to improp-

er feeding of the mother sometimes is

very detrimental to the foal and cans-

es this digestive disturbance. Feeding

the mother feed that is green or that

is particularly rich or feed that is suc-

culent and watery, or feed that. is

spoiled or that is laxative will often

times have a bad effect on the. foal.

There are a few diseases of the moth-

er lhat may affect the foal through the

milk, such as indigestion, inflammation

of the udder or any of the contagious

or infectious diseases. Over-exertion

of the mother sometimes disturbs the

secretion of the milk so that this con-

dition is brought, about. The foal

should not be kept from the mare too

long at a time as it is then apt to over-

load the stomach. The young should

be kept in a warm, comfortable place

and should not, be kept in a cold damp

stable. The foal should always be al-

lowed to nurse the first milk when at:

all possible as this acts as a laxative

for it.



The first thing that is usually notic—

ed is that the'foal does not care to

nurse and it put to the mare it. will

nurse a little or maybe none at. all,

and will then seem dull and drowsy

and maybe a little fever will be pres-

ent. Soon a diarrhea is noticed. Sonic-

times this gradually gels worse uulil

this diarrhea becomes a thin watery

fluid and the foal will strain when it.

is Voided. This is yellowish and laler

becomes grayish in color and is fre-

quently streaked with blood. It has a

disagreeable sour smell. If diarrhea

persists the foal becomes very weak

and loses flesh rapidly.



The majority of these cases recover.

But occasionally one will die in two or

three days and sometimes one will lin-

ger for several weeks and then finally

die.



The first. thing and the most import.-

ant is the regulation of the diet of the

mother and the. proper care of her.

See, first, that the mare is receiving

the prOper care. See that other con-

ditions, such as slabling and the like,

are favorable. If the condition is not

grave at the beginning; and can be

readily traced to errors in dieting or

caring for the mother, get equal parts

of zinc and sodium sulphorcarbolates

and give the foal, dissolved in a little

water, three or four times each day,

one-half teaspoonful of this mixture.

01' ten or fifteen drops of formalin dis-

solved in a pint. of sweet milk and giv~

en to the foal two or three times each

day. This is commonly spoken of as

formaldehyde.





Navel lll or Joint Evil.

This is a contagious disease of foals





the breeder. It usually shows up with—





colt is born, and never later. than the

fourth week after birth. It is usually

characterized by a swelling of the

joints which are filled withpus.



This disease is found in some sec-

tions and Occurs from year to year. It

is caused by a germ that is easily





buildings and occasionally in the moth-

er’s own body. This condition usually





 





. is contracted after the foal is born but





has, been affected with some contagi-





that annually causes great losses to.





in the first couple of days after the.





carried by other animals and in the.





 





1 .





'itfnhayfiaé mm tér in; 69.: lg, my“,

the disease from the mother While she.





ous disease, such as influenza or from

infection that gains access during

birth. The infection gains access

through the navel stump.



The navel stump of the new-born is

wet and covered with blood and is fill-

ed with a jelly-like substance and as

the circulation is cut off it makes a

fertile place for the development of

any bacteria that may come into con-

tact with it. Foals that are affected

will soil the straw and bedding and}

foals that are then born and come in’

contact with this soiled bedding are

apt to contract the disease through

the improperly cared for navel stump.



The navelis moist and does not dry

up as rapidly as usual. A small swell-

ing appears at the navel and this ap-

pears hot to the touch. The coil; does

not moire abmit a great deal and when

it daes it is with difficulty and very

slowly. It does not have the normal

desire for nursing and a slight temper-

ature develops. If treated early some

cases will improve rapidly while other

symptoms will gradually become more

severe and those of: a general blood

poisoning occur. Usually at this time

some of the joints become swollen and

the animal goes lame. It is usually the

hook or knee joint that is first affected.

If this infection can not be checked

the joint will eventually break and will

discharge a sticky pus. This condition

is usually subject to complications and

sometimes a pneumonia develops

which isushered in by difficult breath-

ing and a hard dry cough and a dis~

charge from the nose. Death usually

follows this complication in a very

short. time. Digestive disturbances are

almost always present. with this cou-

dition.



Some of these cases die in two or

three days, while some of the others

will linger along into the chromit-

stage. The average will possibly lin-

ger from two to three weeks. The

mortality is very high, running on an

average of about one-half.



The treatment of this condition must

only be attempted by a competent vet-

erinarian, but many times this can be

prevented by caring for the mare and

fixing quarters such as was recom—

mended iu the fore part of this article

and the proper care of the animal as

soon as it, is born. The navel cord

should not be ligated or tied, but it

should be rendered as near antiseptic

'as possible and dried up as rapidly

as possible. If the stump of the cord

is painted every fifteen minutes wilh

formalin for three or four hours it will

usually be pretty well dried up by the

end of that time. There is very little

danger after the cord is once dry. It,

may also be painted three or forr

limes for the first day or so with iodilu-

collodin or it may be painted the sumo

number of times daily with tincture of

iodine. The proper and prompt care

of the navel stump willrprevent the

larger number of these conditions.

This disinfection of the stump of the

navel cord should be done thoroughly

and carefully and if you have had thn

disease on the place in the neighbo *~

hood and have never taken care of-

such a case it would be well to call ow

your veterinarian and have him give

you specific directions as to just how

to care for the" colt when he is born.

It may have you a valuable foal. I



Not all the losses in foals are caus-

ed from these two conditions but the

larger part of them are, and we feel

quite sure that if you make a con-

scientious effort to prevent these two

conditions that you will have removed

the greater part of your danger of los-

ing your spring foals. Try it. .





 





Western cattle experienced an unus~

uali'y severe winter and came through

thin in flesh as a general rulepso that

the western round-up will be delayed,





even it these happens to he a- good N





grazing season. , -. ‘





4
~ Make this Chart your guide





 





Look for it on your dealer’s wall





Your Oil runs 10W. You stop That is why fiou find on his walls the

for a fresh su 1 large Chart of ecommendations, issued

Y pp y' . 1 by the Vacuum Oil Company.

011 now come to a Vlta ques— If on in uire about the Chart

. . . you

tion.. What 011 Will the dealer will {mi thiszq

Pour ”no your Oll-I‘ESCI‘VOII‘P W111 The Vacuum Oil Company for 50 years





it be just “Oil”-—Or Will it be the have specialized in scientific lubrication.





correct lubricant for your engine P T9daY their world'Wide leaders“? in. 1u'

brication matters is unquestioned in scxen-





Among thousands of dealers tific dudes,





thlS 13 What happens: For years their Chart of Recommenda-

The dealer recognizes the make of tions has been recognized as the only



your car—and the year’s model. He standard guide to correct automobile



runs his finger down the Vacuum Oil lubrication-



Company’s Chart (shown above in In keeping this Chart up to date,



miniature) until he finds your car’s each new model of every automobile is



make and model. .Then he supplies carefully analyzed. This work involves





7011 With the grade of Gargoyle Mobil— lengthy and painstaking engineering study

oils specified for your car by the Chart. by the Vacuum 011 Company 93 Board 9f

This oil will effectively seal your piston Engmeers- The rccommendat‘ons Of this

rings against power-waste, gasoline— Ch“? ‘1“: Prove“ correct by repeated

waste and oil—waste. practica teStS‘



. Why are thousands of dealers plac-

mg such reliance in this Chart?





mnuumuummImmmlmumInIImmmImmmmnmmunmmmmuumummmmumnumunmImunIiInnnmnmlmumumunmmIliumnuIIIImumumluumIIIIInulmumumunnmnnmmnmumumnunuuumnumlmmnuIImIIIInunmmIinuImumnumlmnm





 





But nothing has given dealers such

faith in this Chart as their experience with

the oils themselves. For no one knows





Experience has taught them that better than the dealer how difficult it is to

something like 50% of all “engine secure eflicientlubrication—and how much

troubles are due to incorrect lubrication. efficient lubrication means.





for specialists. Since the of your lubrication problems,list of

dealer has neither time nor troubles with remedies, and com-

equipment for studying this plete Charts of Recommendations

intricate subject he draws for Automobiles, Motorcycles,

on the experience of a rec— . . Tractors and Marine Engines.



ognized. authority. ...... _‘





Mo iloils





A. gfadé for each 'type "of motor





In buying Gargoyle Mobiloils from your dealer, it is safest to purchase in original

packages. Look for the red Gargoyle on the container. If the dealer has not the grade

specxfied for your car, kindly write our nearest branch, giving dealer's name and address.





VACUUM OIL COMPANY, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A.





Specialist: in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants for

every‘clnu of machinery. Obtainable everywhere in the world.





. They realize that scien- 60 Write for new 56—page book-

tific lubrication is a problem a“ .1 t let containing complete discussion





 





\





 





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ‘llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllIll|lllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllll





. THE Mic'niGAN‘ FARMERT





\





grill!!!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllll|llllIllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllHillllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll





9—481





 





 





Correct Automobile Lubrication





Explanation : -— The four grades of Gar-

goyle M obiioiis, for engine lubrication. pur-

ified to remove free carbon. are:





Gargoyle Mobiloil “A"

Gargoyle Mobiloil “B”

Gargoyle Mobiloil “E"

Gargoyle Mobiloil “Arctic"





In the Chart below. the letter opposite the

car indicates the grade of Gargoyle Mobil-

oils that should be used. For example.

”A" means Gargoyle Mobiloil "A", “Arc"

means Gargoyle Mobiloil "Arctic". etc.

The recommendations cover all models of

both pleasure and commercial vehicles un-

less otherwise noted.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





...

Modclol 1917 raw 1915 1914 ion



‘5 :4' Z".— L‘ 5 t g b a



.1 " z 1 .. E .. -1



CARS EeélgEggggai

asal»a»a»m:



_ _,_______._..____. __ __.. _-.



Abbott-Detroit ....... Arc. Arc ArciArc ArrlArc.Arc Arc. A Arc.‘

-- '- (Scyl). 1. A1A A1A ........

Allen ............... A Arc. A Arc. A 1.‘\rc A A A A1

. (Modsu34.35...\. 1.\. .1... A 1Arc

' ‘ ......... -rc..-rc......... .....1 ........

American ix Arc ‘Arc. Arc. Arc Arc 1Arc Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.

.A A A . ........

‘.A1Arc.A A A ‘Ai



.AK 1AroAreArc.





 





 





lArc. A Arc. A Arc.





i ..... i: "-





Avcry ...................





 





 





 





" . 81C! ton ....... Art _.-\n:. Aron-MC Arc.Arc. ...'.,

an (Midi ........ ) A Arc. A Arc A Are. A Arc.....<.. -

" (ch1) ......... l A . A . .. ... ..-..,

Buick ................ Arr..Arr.Arc.*:\rr..\rr.1Arc. A Arc. A Arc..

Cadillac .............. .. . .. ....... .. Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.v

~ (8cyl) ........ A A A A Arc.1:\rc ..

Case ................. A An. A Arr. A 1AM. A Arc. A Arc;

Chalmers ........... AYC.’.'\F(. :\rc.‘r\ri. A A Arc ArC,-l

“ (Mod.6‘4o)......... A‘Arc. ....... ...........,‘1

2' u (Mod. 15-30).. A A .. _

Chandler Six....... .. . Arc Arc Arc \ic Arr.'.Arc.Arc Arc. ....

Chasc(air) ..... B B B B B B 3.

Chase (water)... A. Arc. Archrc. Arc. Arc Arc. Arc. .,..





 





Chevrolet... .ViiArc.Arc.:\rc.1ArC Arc.1Arc. A Arc. A A;

Cole ......... ‘ .. Arc.1.'\rc. Arc.*.~\rc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.’

A .





(chl)... AHA A A A

Cunningham. . . .Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. A A.





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





(8Cyl)... A A A A

Danieli(8cyl)........ A A A A ..............

'arx ................ A Arr A .-\ic.Arc.1Arc. A At A Arc.



“ (Mod.C) ........ A Arc A A c. A Arc. A A . .....

Dclaunay-‘Bcllcvillc. .. ....1. 1A B A B A

Dciroitcr. . . . .. ArcArt \ CAM A ‘Arc. A A A Arc.



“ (8c 1. AreArc

Dodge ............... E 1 E ..

Dori ............... AfArc.......

Empirehzcyl) ........ . . . c Arc.,’.-\rc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.

Federal .............. Art l.Arc Ar:.Arc.Arc.Arc

Fiat .......... l) A B A B A

Ford ..... E1EEEEE.

Franklin A l A A A A Arc.

Gran[., ..‘.rc .\rc.Arc./\rc.

H.A.L 1.....

Haynes .............. A Art. A Arc A \rc

Holiier(8cyl).. . A A

udson ‘ Arc.1/\rc. . .

u .

liupmobile ........... Arc A 1Arc

l.H.C. (air) .......... ......... . A

l.H.C.(watcr)(2cyclc).... A A' A A

l.H.C.(watcr)(..cyclc) A Art. . ..

'lmersialc ............ A Arc.‘ A lArc. A fire. A

Jackson. . . . . . . . . .. . ..Arc.Arc. \rc.‘Arc. .-\rc.l.v\rc.

Jackson(8cyl) ........ A A A A .

jeficry .............. A Arc A Arc. A Arc.

~ (Chesterfield). A Arc A 1Arc.:.

" Com'l..' . A Art A Arc. A ‘-;\rc.A

L E E . .

A -Arc ............,





 





A A

A Are. A A A E.

Arc.1Arc. ....

.Arc.‘Arc. Are/ire.



A





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Art A Arc. A Arr:



om'l...... A Arc A Art A Am. A c.Arc.Arc.



" ' (Mod.48)...-.v...... A A A A A .. ..

Knox ................ B A B A B A B A



“ (Mod.'35)....... A A A A A A ...

Lexington ............ Arc.Arc.Arc.:\rc ArcArc.

Liberty(Dctroit)......Arr.Arc. .. .....

fLippard Stewart ..... Arc. Arr Arc. Art. Art. Arc. Arc. Arc. Areytrc.



” “-(Mod.M) A Arc. A Arc .

,Locomobile ........... -. E E E E E E Arc 'lrc

Marion Handley ...... Arc..Arc.



“ “(Mod6-40) A Arc.

Marmon.»....‘.,.’ ..... .A A A A A Arc. A Arc. A Arc.

Maxwell ............. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc Arc. Arc. Arc. Arr.

Mercer .............. -. A A A A A 1Arc. A Are. A Arr.



" 2:70) ...... \rcArc.

Mitchell ............. A re. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc.

Mitchell(8cyl)....‘........... A A



loline .............. A re



“ Knight........ A. A A A A A A A ...11‘..

Moon (4Cyl) .......... .... ....NLArC. A Arc.Arc.1Arc



“ (6 y .. , -..Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.

Murr.y(8cy|)... A A .....



alional...‘ ......... Are/ire A Art. A It: A A A A

Oakland ............. Arc.Arc.Arc.Ar .Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. A. Arr.



‘ cy ........ AlA‘

Oldsmobile ...... Arc.|Avc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.



‘- s 1 ....... A A A1A

Overland ............. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.

Owen Magnetic..... .. A Are. A lArc. A Arc. .. .

Packard ............. . .. .. ,.A Arc. A ArrArc.Arv.

I ~ (um) A A A A ...... .. ..



“ m ........ A A A A A A Arc.Arc.Arc Ar.-



aige. .. AArc A A A E



“ (6 .......... Arc. \rc Arc/\rcArc Arc.



~ (fa-368138) ...... A 1Aic Arc A Arc ..

Pathfinder .......... Arc.[\rc..-\u‘..~\rc.Arc.Arc..‘.rc.Arc A Arc.



“ (”(le ..... A 1 A .- ..

Peerless . . .......... Arc Arc.Arc.Ar(.Arc.:\rc.Arc.Arc.Arc Art.

.“ (8Cyl) ........ A A A A ..

Pierce Arrow ......... A A A A ArcArc. Arc. Arc.Arc.Ar-:.



" “ Com'l. . . . Arc. Art. Arc, Arc. Arc: Arc. Arc. Arr. Arc.lArr.

Premier ............. A A ‘ ‘ . Art. A Arc.

Pullman ...... Arc: Arc. Arc. Arr.



egal ........ Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.



" (arl)

Renault ..... A Art. A Arc.

Reo ........ . A Arc. A Arr. .

Richmond... A Arc. Arc. Arc.

Riker ....... ..............

Saxon ............... E ' ‘ E E

Scripps-Boolh(air)..... . .. B A...



“ " (water). A Art. A Arc E E ..



“ “ (Bryl)... A A A . . .

Seldcn .............. Arc. Arc Arc.Arc :\rc./\rc Arc Arc.Ar’c.Ar’c.

Simplex ............ .- A A A A Aic.‘Arc .\rc.Arc.Arc.Arc.

Standarqul) ....... A A A A A . .....

Sienna-Knight ...... A A Ii' A B A B A A A -



"_ " (8Cyl) A A B A .... ,

Slerlunx(Wisconsin).. A n. A An. .

Studebaker ........... A Arc. A Arc.Arc.Arc. A Art. A Arc.

Stuiz ................ .A A .A A, A A A A Arc. Arc.

Vein-(491). ..... A Are. A Arc. A Arc.



. (6 ryl).. . . . Arc. AreArc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc.Arc. .. .. .



im ..... . . ..Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. Am. Arr.Arc. Arc.

Weslcott . ..Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. A Arr.

White ...... .... .Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. Arc.Arc.Arc.Arr Arr Arc

W_1llys-Knigh i.. A A B A B A A A

WillysSix....... ...Arc.Arc. ....1A... ...

Winion ........ . . . 1Arc. Arc. 1AYC. Arc. rc. Arr.Arc. Arc. Arc. Arr.





 





 





 





 





Electric Vehicles—For motor bearingsand

enclosed chains use Gargoyle Mobiloil A”

the year ’round. For open chains and dit~

ferentinlmse Gargoyle M obiloil“C”the year

’rOund. Exception -— For winter lubricatwgz

of pleasure cars use Gargoyle Mobilou





' Arctic" for worm drive and Gargoyle ‘





Mobiloil "A” for bevel gear drive.





 





 





 





_Dom¢u|'c Branches: Detroit NewYork Philadelphia Minneapolis Boston Chicago Indianapolis Pittsburgh KansasCity.Knn. Des “' "





 





~





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24"





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Ialumni“llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||l|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllillllllll|lllllllll|lIlllllllllIllllllllllll|llllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllIllllIIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll -.





 





 

 





   





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IllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllfllflflllflflflmflfllfllflfllflllllflflflmfllmfllllmnllllflflflllllllll





 





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initial
"a. ‘

>14- . ‘





0mm Road beam Bismardc and Alain. Vermilion County (11., P. C. McArdle, Dan.

villa, Superintending Engineer, Eclipse Construction Company. Wmnetka. 111.. Common.





Could Not Find It

In His Tax Bill .-





In 1914 Vermilion County, Illinois, voted bonds to build 166

miles of permanent roads in the county. Many people thought that

the taxes in 1916 would be burdensome when the first installment

of the bond issue taxes was paid.





The Commercial-News (Danville, Vermilion County, Illinois)

said on August 17, 1916, “Many tax-payers all over Vermilion

County did not know that they had paid the tax on the bonded indebt-

edness for the county bond roads, when they paid their taxes to the

collectors last spring." It required the written assurance of the

County Clerk to convince many of the tax-payers that they had

already paid their taxes. _



The average annual cost of this bond issue is 83/4 cents per acre of farm

land and less than 90 cents per town lot, for a period of 20 years.





The farmer's market is brought to his own door. He save: more in

tires and gasoline alone than the amount of hi: yearly tax; he has all

the advantages enjoyed by communities where transportation is sure and easy.





Of the 166 miles, 144 are of concrete. Concrete in the logical material

for permanent highways; it has the solidity which make: it so generally used

in important engineering work.



If you want to learn more about concrete ligh-





waya. write for a free copy of bulletin No. 136.

Then put the facts before your own road officiab.





 





.

‘ PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION

Office- at

i INDIANAPOLIS .

r! ATLANTA Mercia-m BankaIds- manner!

': Hm Building KANSAS CITY Ema. Bank Buildiu

3 CHICAGO Commerce Buildin- can“ LAKE cm

H l Wat Washincton SI. MILWAUKEE Kearn- Building



DALLAS Fire! National Bunk Bide. SEATTLE

.,. Southwoflan Lif- 8H3. NEW YORK Northern Bunk&TrustlB Ida.

. DENVER 101 M Avon-u SAN FRANCISCO

Ida! Cement Bnildia: pnnxmssvkc Rinlto Building

7.. Union Trust Building

t:

, . CONCRETE FORBERMANENCE

:. .





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





'1‘?





-;





cgfiib‘

~tlie





PISTON RING s Genuine

So carefully made. so exactly adjusted they stop I

compression leakage and get every ounce of energy

out of the gasoline. keep down surplus oil and

reduce carbon. strong and enduringly elastic





they will outlast all other piston rings.



Get the Genuine. All garage and repair men can

give you immediate service on them. If {3“ have

any difficulty getting them. write us. e'll see .

you are supplied.





Book on Compression—Free

9T0 [five find to Md Power"--tbc Itandurd handbook

o: (I. origin “Pension. farmer who runs

on automobile. engine. tractor. etc.. ought to have it.

Manufactured by

McQuay-Norn's Manufacturing Company

2877 Locust Street, ST. LOUIS. MO.





 





 





VEmporium“mumaluminummnmnmmummmmmmwun ; ~ . . it .I F ' ~





E





 





E





T Hudson the milk producers



have recently contracted with



the local condensary to furnish

milk at the following prices: April

$2.20; May $1.95; June $1.90; July

$2.05; August $2.20; September $2.20.

This makes an average. price for the

six months of $2.08 per cwt., the best

summer price ever paid in Michigan-

by a condensary.



During the past year the advance in

the price of milk to Michigan produc-

ers has been very substantial. All im-

portant dairy sections have participat-

ed in the upward trend. Calculating

the exact extent of this advance is im-

possible, but very conservative esti-

mates have placed the average in-

crease at forty-four cents over the

prices received in Michigan :1 year ago.



What does this rise mean to the

dairyman and farmer who keeps a few

cows? Take the man who produces

three cans, or 250 pounds of milk per

day. Each day of the 365 he would be

receiving $1.10 more than under the.

01d prices, or $401.50 more for the

year. This, added to his former in-

come certainly makes the business

more attractive.



In other places advances have been

secured. The Chicago district producers

have contracted on an average basis 01'

$2.12 per 100 pounds for the summer

months, and the New York .5:Chedulc

for three per cent milk in the 100-mile

zone is as follows: April $2.20; May

$2.15; June $1.95; July $2.20; August

$2.35; September $2.55, making an av-

erage of $2.23 or a. gain of eighty-eight

cents over 1916 prices.



It is important to noic that in all





liustances where worth—while advances





E have been obtained the producers were

organized—4n New York, Illinois, Ohio,

and Michigan. By making a common

issue of the dairymen's need for a larg—

er income and backing the demand

with efficiently organized local associa-

tions which are leagued together in

general associations, the producers of

these communities succeeded.



Every informed person credits the

producers’ organizations here in Mich-

igan with the advances obtained from

dealers. Naturally the influence of the

local and state associations has extend-

ed beyond the territory from which

they have drawn their members. A

dealer was obliged to make uniform

rates even in unorganized portions 01'

his territory.



Interest in the dairy business has

been revived by these upward adjust-

ments in prices and already it is ap-

parent that larger herds will be kept

On many of our farms. The interest is

further stimulated by the fact that

better prices for milk Adds value to

dairy herds so that surplus stock is

sold to greater advantage.



These accomplishments argue for

the general support of the organiza-

tions responsible for them. Every

dairyman should claim membership in

one. No better insurance could be in-

vested. in than the dollar bill paid to

put a dairyman’s name on the roll of

an association. The dues when brought

together make a war chest which

cares for the incidentals of the local

and places in the hands of the state

organization a power that becomes ef-

fective when the machinery must be

used to properly present and enforce

the rights of members. To the end

that our state organization may keep

on with its important work of estab-





, “fishing new local societies where nead- .





ed and assisting in rejuvenating some

that have become inactive, every local

.gociety should take” special pains _to

forward: promptly toihe state organi-





 





EFarm Commerce





. .

"EncartammmmluHmmmmuuummmummmmmmimux:uummummuuuumwmmmummumm"mumps





Milk Producers’ Ass’n Grows





   





 

   





mun ;





zation the monies now due and all in-

dividuals who have been called upon

for the second installment of the guar-

antee fund should pay this installment

immediately as a withdrawal of sup-

port now would greatly handicap the

state agents in carrying out the pro-

gram which is but started. '

,These men have important matters





before them. The public is altogether

ignorant of the value of dairy products

as a food and it is a part of the busi.

ness of the representatives'of the pro-

ducers to see that judicious and effec-

tive publicity is given to this fact. The

cost of producing milk is yet a much

mooted question and the average dairy‘

man’s idea of what a hundred pounds

of milk costs him is altogether too

low. To educate the rank and file of

the producers to a better appreciation

of this fact, is a work for these men.

Reducing the cost of production, im-

proving the quality of milk, securing

reasonable sanitary rules, and a re‘

sponsible inspection service, demand-

ing better transportation facilities.

considering contracts and claims, etc,

etc, all come within the scope of their

work. To assist in the settlement of

matters of this character so that every

class of people is given their just dues

is a matter of the highest social, and

we might well add, of the greatest po-

litical, importance.



There are now about 4,000 members

in the associations of this state. In

every instance where the territory has

been properly worked the producer and

the buyer have been brought closer to«

gether and many misunderstandinga

by both sides cleared away. The suc-

cess of the work in the many local

communities has been helped very ma-

terially and indeed only made possible

by the assistance of the able corps of

officers-of the slate society. T119449

officers are: President, N. P. Hull.

Lansing; field secretary, R. C. Reed,

Howell; treasurer, S. H. Munsell, How-

ell; directors, Milo Godfrey, Napoleon;

Milo Campbell, Goldwater; John C.

Ketcham, Hastings; John C. N ear,

Flat Rock: C. Haunsberger, Grand

Rapids; A. L. Chandler, Owosso; Fred

Schuebel, Lansing; F. E. Consul]. Mt.

Pleasant: C. S. Bartlett, Pontiac.





 





MARGIN lN MARKETlNG BUTTER.





The farmer receives a larger part of

the money paid by the consumer for

butter than he does for the sale of

other dairy products. Investigations

made in Wisconsin last year establish

this fact. The money paid for butter

was found in this survey to be distrib-

uted among the different. persons who

handled the product as follows:





 





Farmer ........................ 23.330

Hauling ....................... 1.500

Creamery ..................... 2.33c

Railway ....................... .800

Storage ........................ .18c

Shrinkage ..................... .23c

Receiver, jobber and broker. . .. 1.75c

Packaging ..................... 1 .001:

Retailer ....................... 3330.



Total ........................ 34.35c





These figures show that the farmer

gets two-thirds of the money paid out

by the consumer. This proportion does

not hold good for milk. With milk the

retail price is usually more than twice

the amount paid to the producer. This,





‘of course, is to be expeCted as the re-





quirements for the handling of milk

are such as to make the distribution

more costly than the marketing of

butter.





 





The remarkable boom in prices .for

wool of late has made sheep and lambs

more valuable than "ever. Many‘shee‘p:

men contracted for theirRWOO'lrs-aehigh





as 45 cente in, Montana. \ a} -
' .3APRIL'14',1917; ‘





CO-OPERATIVE CANNING.





Canneries have failed because their

primary purpose was to dispose of

culls and low-grade products, the por-

tion of the crop that could not be sold

on the market in a fresh state. Such

low-grade products naturally bring low

prices. The profit in them is not great

and they are difficult to dispose of at

all except in connection with large

quantities of high grades.





The first step, therefore, in the es-

tablishment of a co-operative canning

business should be to make certain

that the requisite supply of fresh fruit

or vegetables can be obtained. A can-

nery should be operated as continuous-

ly throughout the year as possible in

order to avoid the expense of idle ma-

chinery and idle help. The most suc-

cessful cooperative establishments

now pack a wide variety of products

over a long period, some starting with

strawberries in May and continuing

steadily thrOughout the year until they

close the season with the packing of

late vegetables in December. If less

than 300,000 pounds of raw material

are handled annually it is not likely

turn to the producers.





Lack of sufficient capital is another

cause of the failure of many co—opera-

tive canneries. Such an enterprise re-

quires more capital than the average

co—operative undertaking. Considera-

ble money is required to meet operat-

ing expenses and the returns from can-

ned goods are frequently not received

until as long as eighteen months or

more after the delivery of the raw ma-

terial. This means that money must

be advanced to the grower when he

delivers the raw material, advances of

this character frequently ranging from

thirty-five to sixty-five per cent of the

value of the produce. The money re-

quired for the purpose may frequently

be secured from banks, if the plant

and equipment are free from debt

when operations are begun. If this is

not the case, however, the banks may

be unwilling .to advance much money.

As an instance of what is possible with

good credit a wide-awake farmers’ can-

nery in the west which recently pur—

chased a trainload of sugar for use

throughout the year secured $85,000

from one bank for that purpose.



A third consideration of importance

is continuity in the business. A suffi-

cient volume of business must be se-

cured not only for one year but for

succeeding years, and the contract

with the producers, therefore, should

be made to run for a considerable pe-

riod of time. It is also desirable that

the products and the varieties should

be distinctly specified. Some of the

more successful co-operative canneries

have depended primarily upon a few

big growers whose interest in the Un-

dertaking was sufficiently great to in-

sure their support.



Wherever the business is large

enough it is desirable to have a field

man to work with the farmer mem-

bers. An important portion of this

man’s time should be devoted to mak-

ing certain that the proper varieties

are grown. Market demands change

from time to time, and it is essential

for success that the cannery be able

to supply the kind of products that are

most asked for. One safe rule is to

put up as high—grade products as possi-

ble, and farmers’ canneries always

should strive to increase the produc-

tion of the best grades. These usually

bring far better average returns to the

producer than cheaper material.





U. S. Dept. Ag. W. H. KERR.





 





Colorado lambs have made up the

principal offerings in the Chicago

sheep market, many of them being on

the heavy order, averaging from 90

pounds upward. Shearing and feeding

lambs have brought high record prices

‘With lambs shearing from eight to ten

'pounds going as high as $14.80 per 100

pounds. Such lambs were bought for

feeding from thirty to forty days.





\





 

 





'IIIIIIIIII





“ll"llllll' \IIIIIIIII"





 

 





 

 





 





V"Illlllll'





Tread Tires.





Illllllllv'





‘IIIIIIIIIF





back forthwith.





 

   

   





‘IIIIIIIII' ‘





ound to satisfy you.





‘IIIIIIIII’





best fabric tire made.





‘IIIIIIIII' IIIIIIIII'





, gnaw You See This Sign

cthres are Stocked





‘Illlnllul \lllllllll'





   

   

 

   

   

 

 





 





‘Ask Your Dealer for Then





lullllllll’ ‘Illlllluul-





 





.unuu llllllllln .lulllllull-





 





I





ada. Good wages.



Pleasant surroundings.

itary Service.

guaranteed against Conscription.





M. V. Mei





 





Farm Hands Wanted





Western Canada Farmers Require 50,000

American Farm Laborers AT ONCE!





Urgent demand sent out for farm help by the government of Can-

Steady employment.



Comfortable homes.

Farm hands from the United States are absolutely





farm help to replace Canadian farmers who have enlisted for the war.

A splendid opportunity for the young man to investigate Western

Canada’s agricultural offerings, and to do so at no expense.



Only those accustomed to farming need apply.





For particulars as to railway rates aed districts where labor is reduired.

or other information regarding Western Canada. apply to





NNES, 178 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.





Authorized Canadian Government Agent





 

   





BLAcK SAFETY TREAII TIRES

Underwrittenby GUUDRICH

Good Faith _





The Fair Treatment Guarantee—

the pledged good faith of The B. F. Goodrich

Rubber Company—takes the slightest

shadow of a risk off Goodrich Black Safety





You must get full value service

from a Goodrich tire, or Goodrich wants it





Then Goodrich FAIR TREATMENT steps

up and squares the debt of that tire—squares it

gladly and generously with a liberal adjustment,





For Goodrich accepts as the Company’s debt

of honor an obligation of tire service, worthy of the





There are no conditions, no catch words to Good-

rich’s world Wide invitation:





“Send back to Goodrich

‘ ANY Goodrich tire you





believe owes you anything. ’ ’





The B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co.





Akron, Ohio





Also JIu/rt'rs of the (.‘wlvhrutml lirc's

on which Darn; li’vslrt man the «(Metal

1.916

Championship, Silvvrtown (ford Tires





4 'utio/utl A utomohilv' R (I. c 2' n {1





“Best in the Long Run ”





Low railway fares.

No Compulsory BIil-





This advertisement is to secure





 





 





CLOVER MmTllllOTHY 413?.





I. LIB" DIG. IXTII 8.0] EACH. IO PEI GIN? CLOVER





 





YOUNG-MNMLPH SEED 00.. ‘ mom. Mich.





FOR SALE

Early Ohio Potatoes for Seed





Grown in the famous Red River Valle .of Minnesota.

A8. W. BU





 





518 West Jefferson Ave“ Detroit. Itch.





J





 

   





 





.........





 

 





 





 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   





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HELPER M lXERS

‘ we CEMENT WORKEASY





Just the machine for

pulling in Sidewalks,

curb, foundations, barn





 





flours, etc. l': u i l t

strong, mixes perfect-

ly, and lasts years.

Run by hand or power.

Solll on trial. Write

.for free literature and

prices.

SUPERIOR MFG. CO..

925 Concrete Ave.. - - - Waterloo, low.

Treated . With 95%

and air Carmina

dried. tion.

Guaranteed upon arrival. Stock complete. ninevarie-

ties. Price $2.50 perlmshel. Big Four, Silver Mine

and Swedish selm't‘. seed mats. stock fine, [wit-951.00





perlmshel. Also Barley and Buckwheat seeds. VVrlte

or sampleumd circular.

The Horn Bros.,Co.,Seedsmen, Monroeville,0.





Seed Oals’and Corn. Best Varieties.



Send for circular. F. A. Bywater. Memphis, Mich-

.7 , _ .



SEED CORN assassins: 7.23.1.3? its





line farm seeds-everything guaranteed. 1'. roe.

C. H. h J. GRAVES, Antwerp, O. (Paulding 00.)



Seed Corn. Pride of Mlchi . G -

For sale ination guaranteed bettegatiheneggl.

Sudan grass Michigan grown. H. L.Cole.Palmyrn.Mlc .





Sand Gum





 





 





Reid'sYellowDent Earl Leamin and

White Gap. Sampies unseat-log roe.





Theo. Burt it Sons. Maltese, Ohio.
“v.





   

 





 





. Every branch oftbe





A





484—12





 





-Wn-





Sharples.





place.





--the only separator that skims clean at widely-varying speeds

—-the only separator that delivers cream of unvarying thick-





ness~all speeds





-—the only separator that you can turn faster and finish skim-





ming quicker





-—-the only separator with just one piece in the bowl—no discs,





easiest to clean





month oiling system





Remember that all separators lose considerable cream when

turned below speed-~except Sharples! The Sharples gets all

the cream no matter whether you turn it fast or slow. It

saves up to $ 100 a year more than other separators. Cordially

welcomed by women, owing to its easy turning and easy

cleaning. Over a million Sharples users. Write for catalog to





Department 18.





The Sharples Separator Co. -

Sharples Milkers——-used on over 300,000 cows daily





Branches: Chicago





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





you fin’nh skimming! For instance: If



by turning a Sharples at 45 revolutions.

per minute you get through separating

in 15 minutes, you can get through in

10 minutes by simply increasing the speed to

about 55 revolutions. The Sharples is the

only separator that can be ‘ ‘hurried”--a mighty

handy thing when you are hurried.





Now consider the time saved in cleaning the

The bowl is the most simple in ex-

istence—just one piece in it, no discs or blades.

Simply run a brush through it once or twice—

and cleaning’s done!





Furthermore, the Sharples requires oiling

only once a month-and in only one

Just pour a little oil into the en-

closed gear casc—more time saved!





SHARPLES





FamOus Suction Feed





N¥fl$fi%R





I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I —-‘the only separator with knee-low supply tank and a once-a-

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I





 Saves

T i m e!

The faster you turn the

Sharples, the quicker





West Chester, Pa.





San Francisco Toronlos .





 





ROSS“





 





In-de-str-uct-o





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The Silo that fills a long felt want. Re.

suits obtained by the use of aMetal Silo

are far beyond expectation.

tains by far a larger percentage of food value, more

uniform preservation. taste and color. naturally. far

more productive in results.





CAN’T BLOW DOWN, BUCKLE, TWIST 0R COLLAPSE





Resists fire to the fullest extent and 1s storm proof. No skilled labor re-

quired to erect it. Can be increased in height any time.



Special IN— DE STR- UCT-O Metal‘ 18 warranted not to be affected by acid

in all e or climatic conditions. The users of Metal Silos are our referen-

ces. ur Testimonial and Construction Catalog 1s worth asking for, especi-

ally to those who desire to erect a Silo from the standpoint of permanency

and 99% food value preservation. Agents wanted who can produce results.





THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 314 Springfield, Ohio

Est. 1850 - 67 Years Experience





 

 





 





Silage con-





 





 





The most Permanent Silo because it





 





 





Wadi:





onnmolod Silos are proof 13.11.: wind

nkinp. owe ling, collapse and

An doom- ve, run-minim.





Cost less toerect

, . “Trad Installn ol’Ioeh fit one"! Ind

by two men.





 





 





him AUCTIONEEIIN. ‘2,"°""' 0 a“;





and become independent with no “menu muted

basins. taught In 5 weeks.





, actor war

a. imam.





 





WC.

.mmm.0uoyl.m.m.‘





IIlIllllIllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll!

E F t ° 1 ° Increase Yields



5 er 1 lzelmprochnlity

E - Heston Maturity

5 Spring Crops um“. pmilu,_

5 Plan your 1917 work so as to get the: ..

Emost money from every acre. LoWer: -

=costs per bushel for plowinc. seeding. :

:interest and labor result when crops: "

Ears well-fed. Fertilizers will pay on- -





gyour spring crops. _

:for farm products make profits from um-





:fertillzer 1111' or than ever before. _ g

= An]: mar ”(my questions. ' =

.. Sou Improvement Committee .1

- aim Natl-In! W



- “In. '





to read the papers, every writer



on cow subjects has'harpe’d upon

culling the poor cow, but it remained

for Mr. W. F. Taylor, in the Michigan

Farmer of March 24, to baldly state

that he believes the problem will nev—

e1" be solved through the cow-testing

association, since the association pre-

supposes that a man owns at least fif-

teen cows, while the majority of dairy-

men in Michigan are milking probably

less than ten cows. Like Mr. Taylor,

I long since came to the conclusion

that the home-testing outfit, together

with the milk and feed scales, are the

implements with which all dairymen

must eventually rid themselves of the

burdensome boarder cow. I have, how-

ever, in many cases declined to sug-

gest this since the, initial outfit costs a

sum of money considered large in

some cases and furthermore requires

fussing with foreign materials. This

in itself is enough to discourage some

dairymen, not to mention the rather

delicate operation of testing milk. I

want to, though, in this connection,

back up Mr. Taylor’s word and propose

to go a step further and discuss the

exact outfit that I believe will eventu~

ally find a. place on every dairy farm

that can uphold the name.



Accuracy Essential.



It has been said that it is easy for a

child to operate the Babcock test and

I would concur in the statement, pro-

vided everything is working' right and





EVER since I have been old enough,





 





Up to standard when the learner be-





igins his work; otherwise, his results

fare quite apt to be very inaccurate.





For example, there are many men who

can get an automobile to go ahead and

they can keep it in the road as long,r

as the gears and levers are working

properly, but the moment something

goes wrong with the engine, they are

at a standstill and must call in it me-

chanic. When the operator gets so

that he can both run the car in health

and tinker it up when in ill health, we

feel reasonably sure that if he starts

for a town twenty miles away, he will

get there in due time. The Babcock

test. is no more fool proof than is the

automobile, and if home-testing is to

become effective in weeding out the

cull cows, then it is quite imperative

to know how to doctor up weak or too

strong acid, insufficient speed and suf-

ficiency of: materials.



I am taking it for granted that the

operator knows the directions for mak-

ing the test and that when the bottle

of acid was purchased, its strength was

sufficienl so that 17.5 cc of it were

enough to dissolve all the solids of the

milk excepting the butlcrl‘at. Yet sul-

phuric acid will collect moisture very

rapidly if the bottle is left uncorked7~

in fact, some commercial gas manufac-

turers use this property to lake the

moisture out of the gas they makew»

and the tester may find that 17.5 (no.

of acid measured out three months

f1 0111 the. date of purchase will leave a.

fat column clouded with white specks;

this being a, Sign of insufficient amount

of acid. It should also be understood

that the amount of acid to be added to

the sample of, milk taken does not nec-

essarily need to be exactly 17.5 0.0. If

a cubic centimeter of the acid weighs

1.82 grams, then the 17.5 cc. is taken

and is sufficient to eat out all the ma-

lerials but the fat. If the acid weighs

less than this, more will be required.



Indications of Too Much Acid.



What I am driving at in all this is:

If the tester should by chance pour the

acid into the measure and should find

that it is a little above the ring on the

measure, it is,not necessary to pour

the small excess back as is so labor-

iously done sometimes. If the fat col-

umn in the test bottle appears clouded

with black specks, probably the acid

was too strong and it charred the fat





 





 





In this case, take less acid next time.





W

I1uuulmumlmiumunnhmnuulums, One time I was out on 0:11ch test





 

 





Value of Home TeStmgfl





 





work and could. not secure the testing

acid, but had to use the chemically

pure, which is stronger. In this case,

less acid had to be used. When the

acid is just strong enough to render

the mixture the color of strong coffee,

it has been sufficient. More than this.

will give a clouded black column, while

less will result in a curdy white fat

column.

Proper Samples of Milk.



It is almost unbelievable that we

still have some of the so-called “fool"

pipettes on the market. By the term

fool is designated those pipettes hav-

ing two rings at the top, one supposed-

ly for richer milk than the other. The

Babcock test is built upon the princi-

ple that the sample measured out will

weigh eighteen grams. Each drop re-

maining in the pipette will decrease

this weight and for this reason, it is

imperative that one suck the milk up

just to the ring and after the bulk of

the sample has run down into the test

bottle, blow out the last drop at the

tip of the pipette. It is not wise to

rinse the pipette out in water after

taking the sample from each cow's

milk since there will be some water

adhering to the inside of the glass tube

and this will go to make up the sam-

ple, thus causing an error equal to the

fat that would have been in the milk

occupying the same space as the water

occupied.





Reading the Fat Column.



Sometimes the directions that came

with the outfit get, lost, and the appa-

ratus is not used fer some time. Then

one may forget how long to turn and

the different intervals. I keep this

straight by the combination 5-3-1, re-

ferring, of course, to minutes. The

first whirling brings the fat particles

to the top, the first addition of water

washes these particles and the lust ad-

dition of water with the consequent

whirling brings the fat into a compact

column in the neck of the test bottle

where it, may be easily read.



In testing milk, the fat column

should be read from the extreme bot-

tom to the extreme top. The reason

for this is that there is some fat im-

possible of separation from the acid

solution. This we designate as the

“residual fat” and it is taken into con-

sideration by reading from top to bot,-

tom of the Whole fat column.



It is probable that it will come to a

matter of each man testing the milk

from his own cows. Improvement

must be from within outward, rather

than the opposite direction. I believe,

however, that. when we have the test

of a. cow's milk, we are by no means

ready to cast her out. We must have

the milk record and some idea of how

much feed she eats.





Proper Milk Scales.



I hesitate to breach this subject be-

cause I know that many commence to

say, “No, not for me! That weighing

is too much bother.” Last year I ar-

gued with one of my neighbors for

four months before I could get him to

weigh the milk from his cows. He kept.

saying that his judgment was good

enough for him. As for me, my judg-

ment has been put at naught by the

scales and tester so many times that I

don't value it very highly any more.

As a matter of actuality, I asked him

to list up his cows in order of their

production for a single month. I loan-

ed him a pair of milk scales on the

condition that if at the end of the

month the cows had actually produced

in the order in which he_ had ranked

them on the slip he handed me, I was

to give him the milk scales; if I was

right, then he was to buy the scales.

It will be a year the first of April since

he started to weigh, and he tells me

almost every time we meet that he





wouldn’t 'go back to the “judgment" 'k

.method of picking out cows again. I





got my pay for the scales.





 





in the Dairy",





 





’ kw«,A‘—H*;.





If you have an idea; tbntthe mil;
i

g





 





 

 

 





 





 





@2an 14.119’1‘7. ' ..





scalesare a pair of spring balances

and that in order to get the weight of





'the milk of each cow, one must each





time subtract the weight of the pail,

forget it. A regular milk scale has

two hands, one adjustable so that it

will record the weight of the milk only.

My neighbor referred to above takes

his milk can to the barn annex and‘the

milk .scales hang just above the can.

Close beside, the milk sheet is tacked

onto the wall and a pencil is tied to

the sheet. When the milk is emptied

into the can, the weight can be put in

the proper cow’s column.



In order to keep the milk sheet

clean, it is protected from dirty hands

by a piece of cardboard tied at each

end by long strings. When the month

starts, the strings are wound up about

the nails at the top of the sheet and

the protecting cardboard is lowered

as needed by unwinding the string

from these nails.



Adding the Columns.



Probably the worst feature of this

weighing is the adding of the columns

for unless they are added, the weights

might about as well remain untaken.

I know it is a little irksome to add up

these strings of figures and one may





Twin Heifer Calves and' Registered Holstein Mother.





lapse, but it may well be remembered

that the whole process of culling falls

down at the point where the columns

are not added and the total production

ascertained. A satisfactory way to get

around this adding is to make arrange-





- ments with your banker or some other





friend in town to add these up once a

month. It is likely that this would

thus be done cheaper than we can af-

ford to do it ourselves, not to mention

the certainty that it will be done ac-

curately.



Thirty-pound milk scales with brass

dial and adjustable hands may be had

for about $2.60, while the sixty-pound

scales come at a dollar more. The

twelve-bottle tester complete will come

at about $14, and the sample bottles,

sampling dipper and preservative tab~

lets will bring the total up to $20, in-

cluding enough milk sheets to last ten

years. But if this apparatus is kept

busy, it will give a good account of

itself. Either we will know that we

have good cows and how good, or we

will know how poor our COWS are.

What a consoling thought that we are

paying some of those cows $10 or $15

a year just for the privilege of feed-

ing them, cleaning stables after them

and finally sitting under them twice a

day for a whole year. Let us small

dairymen cease waiting for some out-

side force to lift us up; rather let us

take ourselves by the bootstra‘ps, as it





.were, and lift ourselves from under the





crushing weight of the cull cow.

Illinois. I. J. MATHEWS.





TO‘PREVENT cows FROM JUMP-

mo.





 





In Dairy Problems, issue of March

24, H. S. W., Kalamazoo county, asked

for an appliance to put on a heifer to

keep her from jumping, and as I have

used a method which has been success-

ful ;I will give my way. It is calledthe





» Australian bobble. It certainly does





 





look at it and see if it could be pointed.





the work, and does not interfere-with]

the animal’s moving around slowly,

lying down, getting up, fighting flies

or eating.



Take a strong strap or surcingle and

buckle it tightly around the animal’s

body just back of the fore legs, then

take a piece of cloth and fold it so as

to make a thick pad and fasten it to

the under side of the strap over the

back bone, to keep the strap from

chafing the back. Then take two short

straps, place one loosely around each

front leg and fasten to the surcingle

with just slack enough so the strap

will not fall over the knees. As you

can see it prevents the animal from

getting the legs forward so as to be}

in a good position to jump.



This appliance will not stop fence





 





throwers and the best remedy for that! '

l





is to get rid of the animal. As you

can see, the appliance is humane,

which cannot be said of a poke or tie-

ing down and works as well on horses

as on cattle. G. 'SMITH.





 





The following device to keep a cow

from jumping fences has never failedl

me. Put a bull ring in her nose and

snap a piece of cow chain about four





 





or five feet long into the ring and let

her drag it. She will be afraid the

chain will catch in the fence, and will

not jump.



I have had cattle jump out of good

pasture into barren fields. Some will

jump just for fun and others just for

plain devilment.





Berrien Co. H. B. WEBER.





 





DAIRY PRBLEMS.





 





Plastering a Tile Silo.





Last fall we built a glazed tile silo

but owing to poor workmanship it has

not proven a success. The ensilage

spoiled on the outside from six to ten

inches. They did not put sufficient

mortar between joints. Can you tell

me what to do to remedy this? Some

say it can be plastered with cement

and sand, with enough lime to make it

adhere to the tile. Would the acid in

the silage spoil the cement?



Shiawassee 00. W. J. A.





This tile silocan be plastered on the

inside with cement mortar and make

it just as good as any cement silo. The

acid in the silage does effect the ce-

ment slowly. The cement plastered

silo will have to be replastered once in

every seven or eight years, or some-

thing of that sort. If a small amount.

of lime is mixed With the cement mor-

tar it will adhere a little more readily

but there isn’t much difficulty in get-

ting clear cement mortar to adhere to

the tile. This mortar should be made

of fine, clean, sharp sand and the best

Portland cement, mixed one of cement

and two of sand. It should be thor-

oughly mixed dry before water is ad-

ded. A little experience will enable

one to get it of the right consistency

so that it will spread and adhere to

the tile walls, but there is no harm in

putting in a little lime which will

make it adhere a little more readily.





It is barely possible that you could

point the silo on the inside with good

cement mortar. I would have a mason





,THVEiMI-CHIGAN' FARMER





 





’NIM'MILK OUTLE T /





 





 

   





1 ' CREAM OUTLET





SKlM-MILK OUTLfl‘l





 





 





 





 





The New

Self-Centering

De Laval Bowl





11 M .; it'll

\

'\

an

is

4,.





l





!





 

   





‘ \\\\\\\‘(‘

'—





l l . ll' Hill Will 1





|

|





A Thodsancls and thousands of tests,

the world over, have proven that the

De Laval slrims the cleanest.





The construction of the New De

Laval keeps it in a class by itself.





it outlasts and outwears all other

makes by far, and can be run with

much less cost for repairs.





 





Ill





New Catalog will be mailed upon request





— THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR C0.





E” 165 Broadway, New York





50.000. BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER





HERE may be some question as to who makes the best



wagon or the best plow or the best watch, but when it



comes to cream separators the supremacy of the De Laval is

acknowledged at once by every fair minded and impartial man

who is familiar with the cream separator situation. '





The New De Laval has greater capacity than the I9 I 6 style,

is simpler in construction, has fewer and interchangeable discs, is

— easier to wash, and the skimming efficiency is even greater.





Each New De Laval is equipped with a Bell Speed Indicator.





Order your De Laval now and let it begin saving cream for you right

away. Remember that a De Laval may be bought for cash or on such

liberal terms as to save it: own cost.

or if you don't know him, writerto ihenearest De Laval office as below. ,





E.





./

' /

Ill





Concave

Bottom

Detached

Spindle





 





 





The world—wide De Laval organiza-

tion, with agents and representatives in

almost every locality where cows are

milked, ready to serve you. insures that

the buyer of a De Laval will get quick

and valuable service when he needs it.





More De Lavals are sold every year

than all other makes combined.





See the local De Laval agent,





29 E. Madison St., Chicago





 





 





forget. You know you

ought to have your _

own cutter.





Depe

_ablel Every part

built extra . strong.

Right princrple. putter and

elevator in one. Light running.

1 Even cutting. Unlimited elevating. Big ca-





' pacity. Simple. safe, durable.





WRITE FOR CATALOG

{Ea gtéook :very silo l:wnprbahflluld hgflvehngxplal‘gs

' e l eren n or .

describes the Rafiz5u3'9 in 3&3“ 0 rs





III! 408. DICK MFG. (30.. Box 209 canton. Oblo'





 





 





 





 





am: 1'. SILO





Notice the patented block. Exclude.

an- and moisture. Permanent con-

struction. Block indestructible.

Why not have a Silo that will last

forever? Write for tree Silo k. '-





l. aaazogfih'gi‘afimco' '-





 

 

 





 





 





Gatca will lave you

monay.Writa for It today.





”Acifiates est





' than all wood—last 5 times an [orgy

' up ortwrat. Boar I





_ )betweena angle

Brigg”, Guam . I

‘ ; than 6 0, 0 In nae.





', I so re d mums lh to

.. . ii: :a gofiamtc. 135%: boardl.

'~‘ W to for free cables. A. . we. Prea.





"WE If 8. 00.3915 “all It..IIIuhr|,lI.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





" Wonderful Money 8 wins -

«genera gookfigwg 11;)0 %t [tieée'flfi , 7 Mod;

ates- tea on - nr

DIRECT FROM FACTORY-FREIGHT PAID

‘ All heavy DOUBLE GALVANIZED WXRES. 13.

per rod up. Get free Book aligning: to to“.

THE B WN FENCE l. .

Dept. 49?? — - Cleveland,’0hlo





The Challenge Churn





makes butter in 5 minutes. (frets~ ALI. butter outflntis-

faction guaranteed.0ver (MOJKlOiisei-s. Free trial ofler.

Send for free illustrated catalog. Agent wanted.





THE MASON MFG. C0., Dept. M, anton.0.
4864-14





 





 





IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII‘IIIIIII IIIII'ZI.III





Mitchell Junior-a 40-h. 9. Six

120-inch Wheelbase





IIIIIIII "‘IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII” : av"





 





 

 

 

 





 





SIXES





. I . .IIIIIIIIIIWII ""





 





:1 .. IIIIIIIIIIIIWIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII -





$1460......





7-Passenger—48 Horsepower

127-inch Wheelbase

IIIIIIIIIIII "





‘ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I 'IIIIIIIIII





«1|.I





 

   





John W. Bate’s Extras





Which Make Mitchell Cars Distinct





Here are some facts which you

should prove before you buy a fine

car. Surely nothing else 1n Motor-

dom 18 any more important.





John W: Bate has for-30 years

been a famous efliciency expert. He

has given 14 years to the Mitchellcar.



This factory is his creation, de-

signed for this single type. Our

present cars were evolved by him,

through hundreds of studied

changes.



He spent one year in Europe, to

combine in Mitchells all the best of

European standards.



So the latest Mitchells, in every

detail, typify the ultimate efficiency.





These Two Objects





Mr. Bate’s first object was factory

efficiency. To build a great car, in

the finest way, at the lowest factory

cost.



He spent millions of dollars to that

end. This whole mammoth plant

was built and equipped for the pur-

pose. Nearly every part~including

our bodies—-—is built under Bate

methods here. And those methods

save us, on this year’s output, at least





$4,000,000.





Next he applied efficiency to the





car. He made over 700 improve-





ments. He aimed to‘ make the Mit-





chell the finest of fine cars. And to-





make it a lifetime car.





31 Extra Features





His factory savings pay for extras,

which most like cars omit. There are

31 distinct features—all costly fea~

turesmwhich are rarely found in

cars. Things like a power tire pump,

a dashboard engine primer,,a ball-

bearing steering gear, a light in the

tonneau, a locked compartment,etc.





100% Over-Strength





In the past three years, part by

part, he has doubled our margins of

safety. Now all important parts are

twice as strong as needed. That is

proved by tests.





 





TWO SIZES





. ——a roomy, 7 passenger Six

MltChen with 127-inch wheelbase and





a highly developed 48- horsepOWer motor.

Price $1460, I. o. b. Racine

vv’fl"



Mitchell Junior r 4 5 Passenger 5“



on similar lines,

with 120-ineh wheelbase and a 40-hour:-

power motor—fi—inch smaller bore.





Price 31150, f. o. b. Racine





Also six styles of enclosed and convert-

ible bodies. Also new Club Roadster.





 





 





 





Over 440 parts are built of tough

ened steel. All safety parts are over-

size. All major strains are met with

Chrome-Vanadium.



Gears are tested for 50 ,000 pounds

per tooth. Bate cantilever springs

—used for two years—never yet have

broken. Not a single one.





24% Added Luxury





Our new body plant this year gives

another big saving. That enables

us to add 24 per cent to the cost of

finish, upholstery and trimming. -

This makes the Mitchell the luxury

car of its class. And all our bodies .

are exclusive, built and designed by

our experts.





Go See the Results





Go see these extras—extra fea-

tures, extra beauty, extra strength.

Under other methods, such things

are impossible at Mitchell prices.



See also Mitchell Junior, which

is nearly like the Mitchell, but a





little smaller size. You will agree-





that no such values are elsewhere

shown in fine cars.



Do this now. In May and June

we are always oversold.





MITCHELL MOTORS COMPANY, Inc.

Racine, Wis” U. S. A.
LITERATURE



‘ POETRY

HISTORY an?



INFORMATION





 





 





 





 

 

 





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Each new Spring a plowing microbe

Gets me when the sun is high,

On the hills the snowbanks dwindle



And the gurgling rills run by,

An’ old Jack Frost busts his ice-grip

On the heaving, crumbling clod,



Then I hitch up Doll and Dandy

An’ stick my plow beneath the sod.





By DORA H.





Turn the furrows slick and clean

Cut the .sod and pack it under



Keep the plowshare sharp and keen.

Now get down into the furrow



Hit the pace, don’t let her slack,

While I whistle with the bluebird



With the lines across my back.





A;





Whoa, there, don’t you see that fence

post?



Doll, you dunce, you ought to know

You must strike an air line furrow



If my crops are sure to grow.

Never mind that crow a cawin’



Keep your eye on yonder knob

Where Cock Robin is a nestin’



An’ a bossin’ of this job.





Make the corners square, old Dolly,

llllii|IllillilllllllilllllIllillllllllitillll|illIlliHHllillllliillllllilllllIlilllllllli|llllllllillliillllitllllllillllllllllililtllllllllllllllll!HlllillIlllllllllilllllll





Roll the worms to meet their fate

Gobbled by those hungry biddies



Or for Small Boy’s can of bait.

Under go the weeds and stubble,





 





WORLD EVENTS





 





 





Women Train to Master Motor





Catcher lmpresses Pitchers with the

Battery.





Necessity of “Control.”





 





 





 





 





National Guardsmen'Wearing Complete Equipment Ready for War.

' ‘ Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. New York





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Plowing Time





From the trenches, wriggling, twisting,





 





‘17:: FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





There’s a dandelion peeping

Through the sod there by the trees,

Breathe a bit—old Doll and Dandy,

While I listen to the bees.

Watch the brown beach grow and

widen,

Shorter grow the rounds each time,

Tired? You bet I am, but happy,

These Spring nights in plowing time.

Have you ever held the handles?

Felt the lines tug ’eross your back?

Have you heard the birds in Spring





STOCKMAN





Nature’s new leaf, brown and sweet,

Turns a fragrant, rippling ribbon '

Season’s stories to repeat.





Stories of the water fairies

LUEging tons of sap a. day,





Stories of the toiling builders time,

Transforming the senseless clay Smelled the perfumed furrow’s

Into tons of golden harvests track?





Have you felt the thrill of promise,

And a plowshare turns the furrow Hope that starts the poet’s rhyme?

That grants our prayer for daily Then the farming microbe’s got you,



bread. ‘ And you‘re happy—plowing time.





Into fruit, and grass and bread—





lliiillillllllillliil||lililliil|lllilllllIi!HIii|I|||liti|HllllIH|illiillllHHlllHlliiHllHHll]Illi|Hl|llliIll[llllllllllllilllllillt1ll|till||iiitilllitillitl||lllll!lllllllllilllllllllillil|HIHIIHHHIIHIllllllillil||llliillllllllllill|HiHillllllIllllllllilllill[illi|IiIlllllllIlllIllIilllllillillllllillllllllllllllilllliilliilllllllllil





IN PICTURES





 





 





 





 





 





“Glory" Brightens Thousands of Brit-





Horses and Men Are Both Protected

ish Homes.





from Gas Attack.





 





 





Mail-sorting Machine Cuts down Cost and Increases Work Done.
s<rwfir¢-un~ ...





 

 





 





~' :J.N Gerber. ; _,





 





The Curtis

Form - a-Tractor





$350.00





' ‘Armaarommconbw'





Does everything that a heavy tractor will do



*8 the draw bar or belt pulley- adapted to



all soil and weather condition—the most



aspirational farm machinery development

can





lie: the Pulling Power of 1?. Autos





Yourautomobiie engine utilized to revolve

the two tractor wheels—no strain on work-



parts of car—auto axle merely tum

pinion gears develop Mela lime: theeuine

“layman-and all the engine powerfor





Cost No More than your Auto to Run

No more gasoline to run the Curtie-Fornr- e- ”Tractor



for your auto. MOI high and

. Pgerful tea elite W nudge.

finned-(m in every 'ead out)!“

moi-liar device or like pow: r. to





Does All Belt Work

We. ' h" wfi'isz

FREE“W 1...». ii... “:1qu





in newer“





new ewes





AUTO 1°

TRACTOR





. rider-

Curtis Form . e .

”I Sirens Buildha





 





 





Reliability





reel furnwe. Exactly eeme construc-

tion as the old, reliable Macaw line,

but without pipes or lines. Ideal for old or





 





new homes and buildin with small or par-

tial cellars. Save: 35% in fuel; burns hard or

soft coal, coke or wood. Heats whole house

comfortably, dependably, cleanly and econo-

mically from One register.





Made of solid east iron, hu triple jacket, Inb-

stantial firepot and radiator, best type grate.

Designedright, built right; 60 yemofexperi-

coce andthe Muelleanm-antee behindit.

Tearoctthied. autumnal-n not!

driven one margin inland mate. a M





I 6! book m

granite of ”gambler.





L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 11an





Mdmwdmm





. 'llh‘ mi in 3:31, at cm‘ ”Links was".





One that will a mints} home as well as “131: 1 Mrs.





Linea! nan. Detroicn





   





 

 





 





 





 





The Meadowlark“ ‘ By: 1.1. KAISER





RQTECTIVE measures looking to

Pthe preservation of our bird life,



are necessary and salutary, Be-

yond question, these laWs have already

done much for some of our song birds

and for some so-called game birds,

such as the mourning dove and the

quail. '



But of more consequence than pro-

hibitive enactments, is the creation of

the right attitude among the people.

Michigan is too large, Michigan rural

life is too extensive, and farmers and

their sons are too numerous to allow

any protective law to be completely

and successfully enforced, in the face





, of hostile sentiment.





Anyone at all acquainted with the

situation, knows that bird laws are vio-

lated time without number on the

farms of Michigan. The quail, the

mourning dove, the yellou- -b1easted

woodpecker, the 1obin, and the mead

owlark are among the birds which suf-

fer most. from this kind of law-break-

ing. The reason for this is found in

the fact that these birds are good for

food and that they are large enough to

afford good sport and excellent prac-

tice for the marksman.



Three factors make the meadowlark

peculiarly liable to fall a prey to the

spoiler. The bird is excellent for table

use; its size is sufficient to reinforce

its value in this regard; and the char-

acter of its flight makes the. bird an

excellent. mark for the sportsman. In

addition to these features, the fact

that larks congregate in large flocks

in late autumn, in open fields and pas-

tures, affords a further danger. At

this time, hunters arc abroad, and for

the want of larger game, try their skill

on the larks.



Few birds are of more benefit to the

farmer than is the meadowlark. Its

long stay among us, from early March

to late November, its habit of living

almost entirely in meadows and pas-

ture fields, and the nature of its food——





all combine to augment the usefulness

of this bird. The meadowlark is both

an insect eater and a seed eater. As

andnsect eater, the bird destroys many

of our most detrimental insects, with-

out feeding, so far as known, on any

that are of benefit. The cutworm, the

caterpillar, the moth, the grasshopper,

and the chinch bug are among the best

known pests included in the menu of

the meadowlark. In our meadows and

wheat fields, each year, countless num-

bers of grasshoppers fall a prey to the

larks. Indeed, it is probable that the

meadowlark does as much as any one

single agency to keep in check this

pest which_might easily, at any time,

become a grave menace.



As a seed cater, the record of the

meadowiark is little less favorable.

The bird eats vast quantities of the

seeds of weeds and wild grasses. ()n

the other band, it molests neither the

sprouting grain nor grain in the shock.

In fact, as previously hinted, all the

facts are to the meadowlark’s credit.

It destroys nothing of value, but works

havoc among the two great enemies of

the fanner,-—wecds and insects. In

the light of these facts, the farmer

who slaughters these birds, is warring

not against the weeds and insects, but

against himself. Fifteen or twenty

meadowlarks on an eightysacre farm,

comprise a valuable asset. The farmer

who destroys them or permits their

destruction, is short-sighted indeed.

They will destroy more detrimental in-

sects than the former can destroy,

with all his poisons, labor and expense

thrown in. They will consume more

seeds of noxious weeds than the pro-

prietor ever dreams could possibly ma-

tune in his well-kept fields. Good bus-

iness, then, includes the protection of

the meadowlark. This befriending of

so valuable a bird should not be lost

sight of, for the sake of any mere tem-

porary advantage or pastime.



(Continued on page 493).





 





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First Installment of Our New Serial





0 many items bearing upon those

strange adventures which have

lately befailen me have found pub~



lication in the newspapers, oftentimes

distorted and untrue, and resulting in

letters of inquiry from friends, induce

me now to write out the tale. while the

incidents remain fresh in memory. In-

deed, I owe the truth not only to my-

self but even more to her who so

bravely shared with me those days and

nights of peril. In doing this, which

I now conceive to be a duty, I require

no imagination, no knowledge of liter-

ary art, for all I need tell is the simple

truth in plain, direct language, just as

I might relate it to companions. at the

Club. The story, unusual as it may ap-

pear to those whose lives have even

been bounded by the commonplace,

was natural enough under the circum-

stances, and the telling of it should be

equally unartificial. I have nothing to

conceal, and my one desire is to re-

cord the truth.



‘The earlier passion of my life was

the sea, and, when others of my age

were grinding away through their

courses in college, I was apprenticed

to the merchant service in a fleet

largely owned by my father, trading

between New York and northern Eu-

ropean ports. Loving the work, and,

possibly, assisted by the fact that I

was my father's son, Itrose rapidly,

until licensed as captain of steam, and

assigned to command the Vulcan, a

freightei of thee thousand tons. At

thirty, how even, the novelty and fasci‘

nation of a sea life ceased its attrac-

tion; and" when my father died suffi-





 





cient property became my share from

the estate to enable my resigning this

command, and retiring permanently

fmm the service. Circumstances, un-

necessary now to relate, caused me to

make permanent home in Chicago,

where I soon became engrossed in bus-

iness, finding my sole recreation in

yachting upon the Great Lakes. My

interest in this sport, and my owner-

ship of a steam yacht of unusual pow-

er, greatly widened my circle of ac-

quaintance. Such were the rather com-

monplace surroundings of my life,

when, at thirty-seven, adventure sud-

denly called me out into the unknown.



Nothing could have been more unex-

pected than the occasron which took

me to New York. Carrington—Geraid

Carrington, the Copper King—«had just

placed his new steam yacht, the Es-

meralda, in commission, and was cag-

er to christen it by a run across to the

ports of Spain. He wrote me urging

me to become one of the party. The

temptation was irresistible, for, as I

knew Mrs. Carrington was in Europe,

the guests on board would undoubtedly

all be men, and probably congenial fel-

lows. A bachelor myself, the long

hours at sea had left me unaccustomed

to the'society of women, whose pres-

ence I avoided whenever possible.

Hence, I accepted Carrington's invita-

tion immediately by wire, hastily pack-

ed the few things necessary for the

trip, and unaccompanied by even , a

valet caught the Twentieth Century

28, 1914, registering at the Biltmore,

with no thought of adventure in my

mind, but only anticipations of 3. 11163.15-





 





ant, uneventful stingray-1.1.... of.

my own class, and an oppbrtunlty to /





view a land which I had never before

visited.



Carrington lived on Long Island, and

I talked with him on the phone. There

were to be twelve in the party, the

names of two, who were former ac-

quaintances, alone being mentioned in

our brief conversation. The yacht

was lying at Tompkinsville,provision~

ed, and ready for sea. I must be on

board by three o’clock the following

day, and he gave me quite explicit in-

structions as to the best mode of

reaching the vessel. The remainder of

the day was passed in calling upon cer‘

tain old acquaintances in the city, and

the reading of special newspaper edi-

tions, depicting the prospect of war in

Europe. As Spain was in no way like-

ly to become involved, I merely perus-

ed these reports with langiud interest.



An accident to the ferry caused me

to miss the local train which I had an-

ticipated taking the next morning, and

I was consequently the last of our

yachting party to arrive at Tompkins-

ville. The others were already safely

aboard when I hurried across the





'gangplank, to receive the cordial wel-





come of Carrington, who immediately

ordered the vessed underway. The

guests must have been gathered on the

upper deck, enjoying the excitement of

departure, for I caught no glimpse of

anyone on board, excepting some mem-

bers of the crew, as the steward led

me to the cabin assigned to my use

during the voyage. It was 5 sea parlor.

evidently exclusively mine, as no other

luggage was visible, containing a brass

bed securely anchored to the deck, and

every imaginable convenience. As I

stood, gazing out through the open

port at the Long Island shore slipping

swiftly past, I could not but contrast

the comfort and luxury of the present

with my old quarters on the freighter.

It was like a leap into fairyland.





Even the brief view I had obtained

of the boat impressed me strongly,

both with its beauty, and seagoing

qualities. I was sailor enough to ap-

preciate all this at a glance. The Es-

meralda was quite evidently the last

word in marine construction——a play-

thing to a man to whom expense meant

little. I was aboard a steam yacht,

schooner-rigged aloft, of over fifteen

hundred tons, constructed for deep-wa-

ter cruising, well—manned, and able to

combat the storms of any ocean. With-

in, the furnishings were rich and taste-

ful, while the manner in which she

slipped through the waters evidenced

the mighty power of the engines. With-

in my stateroom the vibrations of the

screw were scarcely perceptible, yet

already We must have been traveling

seaward at fifteen knots.





I opened the door and emerged into

the main cabin. It was deserted, ex-

cept for a waiter or_two attired in

white jackets, who had covered a long

table suspended by stanchions from

the deck beams above and were

spreading it with snowy linen in prep-

aration for the six o‘clock meal. Never

had I seen a more cosy, home-like in-

terior. Finished in circassian walnut,

the side walls, between the stateroom

doors, decorated with original paint-

ings by artists of reputation, ornament-

ed by numerous easy chairs upholster-

ed in leather, and containing a piano

and harp, together with several

shelves of books, it formed a delightful

picture of convenience and comfort.



Six staterooms ranged along either

side, while two, evidently somewhat

larger, were behind the great butt of

the mizzen mast, which was surround-

ed by a commodious divan, inviting re-

pose. Above in a peculiarly construct-





ed rack, were numerous curious weap~ _





ons securely fastened in place, collect-

ed from strange tribes through "the

seven seas.

guarded only by silently swinging





doors, led to the steward‘s pantry, and , .1

various storerooms beyond, “‘99 M '-





‘Forward, an open passage ..





 





 





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side this opening a broad, brass-railed

stairway led easily to the upper deck.

Sunlight touched the edge of the com-

panion-way, and flickered down

through a half-opened skylight above,

yielding cheerfulness to the scene, yet

inviting to the open air. I would meet

those with whom I was destined to

companion on this voyage across the

summe rseas.



I paused in the shelter of the com-

panion, feeling now more decidedly the

movement of the vessel, and realizing

that we were encountering a strong

head wind, with a fairly heavy sea.

This but contributed to my enjoyment

of the scene, and at first my whole at-

tention was concentrated on the wide

expanse of green water, white-capped

and shimmering beneath the sun’s

rays. To the right extended the bean-

tii‘ul Long Island shore, so plainly vis-

ible I could perceive all the houses of

a village, while on the other hand the

broad expanse of the Sound appeared

deserted, except for a single distant

sail showing White against the water.



Before me, the spotlessly clean deck

of the Esmeralda extended almost to

the butt of the foremast, the emer-

gency boom strapped tightly out of

the way and protecred by tarpaulin,

every rope’s end carefully coiled, three

white boats locked in the davits at

either side, their canvas covers but-

toned down firmly. The white paint

shone in the sunshine, and the. brass-

work glittered dazzlingly. The vessel

was, indeed, a picture of rare beauty

as she raced bravely forward, rising

buoyantly to the waves, the wind sing-

ing through the taut rigging aloft. My

eyes followed the graceful sweep of

the low, open rail to the very peak of

the forecastle, where a group of sail-

ors in uniforms of white duck, were

gathered beside the Windlass- Above

them, his hand on the butt of the bow-

sprit, stood a solitary figure, the look-

out, as clearly outlined against the

blue of the sky as though chiseled in

marble.



The deck, amidships, was clear, not

even so much as a closed hatch disfig-

uring the level surface. Beyond was

the bridge, with its rails of gleaming

brass, and below, an open door facing

aft, revealed the chart house. I could

see enough of its interior from where

I stood to discern a table, and several

chairs, with the outlines of a map

hanging against the further wall.

Above all arose the wheelhouse, while

on the narrow bridge two officers, uni-

formed in dark blue, with white caps,

moved back and forth, or stood motion—

less, binoculars to their eyes.



No passengers, however, were visi-

ble, yet this mystery was soon eplain-

ed as I stepped to one side and glanc-

ed aft. The cabin projection was not

high, yet sufficiently so to break the

force of the head wind, and besides

was far enough advanced to give am-

ple deck Space at the stern. Here an

awning had been erected, and beneath

its, shelter were gathered the vessel's

guests. All visible were men, and

their occupation, as well as their care-

lessness of dress, assured me instant-

ly there were no women aboard. The

ll‘lp, as I naturally inferred, was to be

strictly informal, an outing of good fel-

lows. I recognized but three in the

group—Carrington, red-faced and White

haired. a cigar gripped in his teeth,

giving some instructions to the stew-

ard; Foslick, tall, slim, thin-lipped, a

lawyer well known to corporations

who desired to keep just within legal

restrictions, sat at a table, his hand

fingering a half-filled glass while he

talked to the men opposite; and Mc-





'Cann, «fat, good-natured, born to his





father's millions, who amused himself

by the pretense of being a broker, in-

terrupting the game of cards, in which

he was engaged with three others, to

tell the latest story of the street. Per-

sonally I cared little for either of these

men, yet had known both, in a way,

for some time. The others, . judging





, - "1":er outward appearances, had been





 

 





 





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0





HOW TO BUY

SERVICE SHOE





5" WITH the price of leather and shoes advanced, it is doubly important

5:" that you select your service shoes carefully. Buy a shoe with a repu-

tation for wear and comfort-«a shoe that is sure to give you value to the last

penny—a pair of FARM—WEARS. Built especially for farm service—of solid

Double tanned to





 





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RESIST URlC ACID





__...._..a.‘=== MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN





SHOE sron





No cracked leather from sweaty feet or from tramping in the barnyard. FARM-WEAR shoes

look better, feel better on your feet and wear longer.

Buy a pair of FARM-WEARS and the extra wear will more than ofiset the gen-

eral rise in shoe leather prices.





I"?! in the coupon and have your cam‘ar

collect it tomorrow





Nunn & Bush Shoe Company





DEPARTMENT 77





u-—-~----_--—---—-.--——





i Nunn 8; Bush Shoo Co.. Dept. 77 Milwaukee. Wis.

‘ Gentlen‘renr—Pleasertell me where I can see and try on a '

l punir of FARM WEAR" shoes. I prefer a shoe 6"___,

i





Name

Address

My dealer's name is





Standard lasts—{Our heights.





-_---_--_---——--—_ ------- ’CC-D-O’d





8 .._._,. 12"....1 16"_._high. (Check height preferred.)-





 





       





 





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Black and





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"FARM -WBAR”





FARM WEAR





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“ simplicity. dura-

bility and ability. I Italic

my reputation a. an .

angina builder." \ ,



WM. GALLOWAY. ~ , h...





l buyi --



now nus ENGINE shrug 3.an ems-ti. is:

w 1 ich it it And the workmanship

ad oh and in low whole-oar)“ demand at you com are

comm-m- .. ..,..,... ..

3. w gt mammals hove one and w y our annun no es ave

”hum-5;“, ”mm. was ma“.



allow 5 0° ‘ My 1,, ”mug as good an engine. .1!

ooullnot : 0' “-





BETTHIS FREE 8M 9109!! rmnutggfigmm



"" T his a.“ r 5° rims

Sls 0 e



t; e 513:9an and aw



spec .Telwhyweconoo otnch



prices out from ctory





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elect pow

fitting nu





 





 





PEER OF ALL 1917 ENGINES!

w

1917 IMPROVEMENTS tldciibmhh -





i c tn: on he Galloway cuwlaggnofugfgifgl nl’ilfiitieulla ml

.- . 4- 3

cn'rgsctly like i; b bla B u





ernm‘,





over—awe flvw . Large a ti.

Eerfccz la: - mum. _. Ind

‘aloway l m e- —- to t- cranking-moods no hot-





 





wries.





FIVE





b cod or (in nu. C ,

lowing»: it it: cosh halt note. all noie .Sdmtmm. ‘fou

try a (lull





1—





I can originator of tin

direct. from factory to ' “8*

form rimmed of menu.



facturmg and selling



son-ohms engines.





itch-clots: automo lie motors. o sov-





never 3, regulates speed perfectly

' ' u‘ok





 





   





t.r- easy to s :-

Cy uder.and water pot frost proof.





SELlIllE NIB—JACK!!! BY A 80“! $5232;





or Y n

c on either cosh





 





own, engine on your own Inn-4n worm: 09-.

or In genial power test without expense to yourself. In

on anyone _I. a my must lirov to

you--yo to be mdzeuwhq or or not it um- ly

everything séor “and am! on in everydwuy. All:

”.5 “I n 91'

on?“ . Wills” all, 0133:. mm:





or my 7.

t C uncil lufla.

glotgrloo tori





as. We no 01181110 manufacturing wool-lion.





 





 





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Were You Evor'gflerod

~ on toil you how

VA Groom; Store? ,0. c . .. max.

OUR PROPOI 0N Flour, Canned Goods. Provi-

IS BETTER sisal—an entire line of Groceries, as

we'll on Paints, Roofing. Stock Foods. Automobile and

Wary Oil! and Grew. Kn rent to pay, noinveitment in

«look. large admit-hum misdeeds of $381.11“? ‘3]:

manquhty‘ . 1 experience unnecessary. 'ery m to



'otk!or“worken."unddrosa. IVS. Kill, President. imluock

Kill 00.. Chicogo. References: Any bunk or express company





 





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i:





WANTED—AN mantles: assess:





your

"N





ideas they may bring you wea th. Write for

dad Inventions ’ and “How to get Your Patent

' 0 P TENT





and Your Money." RANDOLPH &





ATTORNEYS.





. A

DEPT. 157. WASHINGTON, D. o.





 





“f“ I“ to work on a farm in Oakland 00. Must.





414.





he a hustler with experience. ox a

In car. Michigan Farmer. Detroit. Mich.





 





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———————— .---——¢.-—-----_-v





 





 

 

   

   

 





 

 





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t





Farms and Farm lands For Sale





ISO-Acre Farm, $5,500

20 Cows, Pair Horses, with





hog. liens. wagon, mower, ladder, rake, plows, harrow,

etc, etc., all included by owner forced by otherufl'aim

to make quick more. 9.3 acres rich loamy fields. free

from stone, in high state of cultivation. Elli-cow pas-

ture. and valuable u‘oodlot: 2-Htm'y house, 12 large

rooms, in line condition inside and out; good 6-mom

tenant house; it burns: spring water. f taken at oun-

everythiug goes for the low price of $5,500, part down.

For traveling inst ructiono to go and see it see page 22,

“Our Big 8 ring Catalogue," filled with ha rains in

(ihio and a nm-n other states. 0055‘ mailed tee.



E. A. S’l'llOU’l‘ FARM AGI‘II‘nCl , opt. 101. 826 Ford

Bldg, Detroit, Mich.





15,000 Acres Choice

Unimproved Land





For Sale in GIadu-in and Claw Oountiu. Easy





terms, 6 percent Interest.

McClure~Sievenl Land Co., Glodwin, Michigan





 





 





 





Senibmn's Stock Farm. 140 l.-—8. E.Mieh' a





Adjoining village limits Manchester. Mich. 20 n: has

from Jackson; 50 from Toledo or Detroit. sidewalk in

village: N. ' (l. li.l{. station 10 minutes walk, twelve

pwengurtruins daily. Land in good condition,gontl;~x

rolling, running water in several fields, buildings old

but usable. 9 acres oak timber. ideal building site.





tine trees, Price. 5314.000. .

“’M. (LLFABGU. - - - JACKSON, MICK.





 





in California will make on more



A 5mg“ Fm money with less work. Yogwill live



longer and better, Delightful climate. Rich 1. Low



rices. Easy terms. Sum profits. Hospitable neigh-



gorc. Go Schools and churches. Writofo‘l'our

San Joaquin Valley Illustrated folders free. 0. L.



graves. Ind. 001mm, AT #81" B)". 1%? Bi. ELOMM





 





 





market also tum. on Ply “Road.

25 Acre good bu lidinga, including film ‘11”.

house. cold frames. 50.000 Sicko

$39 reason in; selling. {immediate posgm‘lfin. ‘31::

.0!" etc can near owe good u

! ncoa, boss of soil. ,000. Drookl it Have): 412

untold Bldg., Detroit, Mich.





FARM FOR RENT. mm;

Ave., 2 miles tenth of Wixom. 8 miles west of owl,

known as the Hockott Form. Infinite o! . 0. £9- , .



1348Ponobwot Bldg" Detm , Main ,firfiogry _.





cabbue wants. an.





 





Portinliring on the (on: adjoining on the





When writing to advertism picnic

mention The Michigan ' Fm.
‘sza » ~.





 





 





 





buSine‘ss acquaintances of Carrington,

no doubt; men whose friendship he

might need, and who would naturally

appreciate his courtesy; perchance a





”copper pool was planned, and this

pleasant opportunity taken to get them

[all together.





This was, indeed, quite

possible, and'might ancount for my in-

vitation as well, for Carrington was

aware I had idle money. The vague

suspicion caused me to smile as I went





' 9 forward, greeting those whom -I knew,

. and being duly presented to the others.





Whatever they might have been in a

business way, and for that I cared

absolutely nothing, they proved them-

Selves a most companionable bunch of

fellows to meet, two of them mention-

ing pleasantly that they had known my

father, and one—a somewhat younger

man named Shaw—e—claiming to have

chummed with me the year before at

a banquet’in Chicago. Fosdick clung

to me like a long lost brother, seating

me next the rail, our conversation

drifting toward the prospect of war in

Europe; a number of others soon be-

came interested, and gathered about

us in a group. Fosdick synically sneer-

ed at the whole matter, arguing that it

was merely a newspaper sensation;

that civilization had advanced alto-

gether too far to even permit of an-

other great war. I contended other-

wise, feeling assured that human na~

ture had not vitally changed within

the space of a few years, and that the

world was still far from the end of

combat. Others joined in the discus-

sion——Shaw and Schwab, the latter ev-

idently of German ancestry, becoming

rather bitter in reviewing the causes

of the trouble. We were still at it,

much to Carrington’s evident disgust,

when the gong called us below.



The memory of that first meal in the

snug after-cabin of the Esmeralda re-

mains a most pleasant recollection.

Whatever animosity had been engen-

dered on deck, seemed to vanish in-

stantly as we took our places about

the hospitable table. The cabin had

been darkened, and the soft light of a

swinging lamp igleamed back from

snowy damask, and glittering silver.

The center was banked with flowers,

the service was perfection, and the

chef quite evidently a genius. We lin-

gered over the wine and cigars, the

conversation drifting where it would.

McCann played and sang; several of

the younger men joining him, and

when we finally retired again to' the

deck, night had settled quietly down

over the waters.





 





CHAPTER II.



A Woman on Board.

BELIEVE I was among the first to

leave the table and return outside,

and as my inclination was to re-



main alone and enjoy the calm of the

night, I ventured forward along the de-

serted deck, until I found fancied se-

curity from observation in the shadow

of a small boat. The others, as they

emerged later from the companion,

outlined a moment against the light,

turned once again aft, and resumed

their old places. I could hear the mur-

mur of their voices and the chink of

poker chips, but was content myself to

lean above the rail, and stare out





across the dark waters. It was a still,





starry night, with here and there a

flickering distant light visible. The

sea had gone down somewhat, and the

wind was no longer strong.

Apparently we were considerable

further off shore, and the flashing of

a red-and-white beacon far away to the

right, gave me some knowledge of our





"position—off Eaton’s Point. By dawn

then we should be breasting the long

I swells of the broad Atlantic. The old

love-of the sea came back as I breath-

ed in gratefully once more the salt air,

" and stared out over the black water.





The rumbling of the screw, the tremb-





ling ‘of thetdeck underfoot, the splash\

of waves alongside, were old familiar

music. IN-was‘indeed glad to be there; to “What light is that out yonder, Mr,





.W,





dream of the long delightful voyage

ahead, and drink in once more the 139.5-

cinating mystery of the‘sea.



I know not how long I stood there,

smoking and dreaming of the past;

once I crossed over to port, watching

a great Sound steamer glide silently

past us, every opening a blaze of light,

her decks crowded with/ people, and

once we barely escaped collision with

a little fishing smack, flying before the

wind for some Long Island haven, with

not even a lantern strung at her, mast~

head. I heard the sharp cry of the

officer on our bridge, and leaned over

to catch a glimpse of frightened faces

peering upward at me, as the little

craft went tearing past, as instantly

lost in the smother astern. The inci-

dent gave me a thrill such as I had not

experienced in years, and I could un-

derstand the injured feelings of the

mate, as he leaned far out over the

bridge rail, and cursed into the black

night.



Nothing else occurred, however, to

break the monotony, and finally weary-

ing of it all, I went below, being in no

mind to join at games with the others.

I met Carrington at the companion,

where we exchanged a few words,

mine largely in excuse for retiring so

early. Even as I rested on my bed,

McCann’s high pitched voice reached

me through the open port, with an oc-

casional burst of laughter. Neverthe-

less I was soon asleep.



Some dormant sense of seamanship,

aroused to new life perhaps by my

brief watch on deck, must have awak-

ened me. For I sat straight up in bed,

conscious that the vessel’s motion had

ceased. All was silent; no jar shook

the keel, -no footsteps sounded on the

deck above. I switched on the electric

light, and glanced at my watch; it was

slightly after midnight. Through the

open port nothing was visible but the

dark waters, and the far-off gleam of a

light, alternating in flashes of white.

I did not know enough of this coast.

line to identify the signal, yet it was

plainly evident we were some distance

from land.



Why the Esmeralda had stopped her

engines wasno special concern of

mine, and I lay down again. But sleep

would not return. I tossed and turned,

and finally arising in sheer despera-

tion hastily donned my clothes. The

after cabin was deserted, dimly light-

ed by one shaded electric globe, be-

neath which the brass stair—rails shone

dully. I emerged onto the deck, grate-

fully breathing in the fresh night air.

At first I could perceive no signs of

the watch on duty; not a moving figure

was visible, and I crossed over to the

port rail to obtain a better view for-

ward. As I stood there, a man descend-

ed the ladder from the bridge, entered

the chart-house and switched on a

light. In the momentary gleam I rec-

ognized the face of the second officer,

and when he finally came out again, I

crossed the deck so as to intercept him.



“Anything gone wrong, Mr. Seeley ?"

I asked. “You have stopped the en-

gines.”



He stared at me through the dark,

blinded still perhaps by the glare of

the chart-room, and unable to recog-

nize my voice. Yet he was a yachts—

man, trained above all to courtesy.



“Nothing serious, sir,” he announced

civilly enough. “The engines are new,

and not well adjusted yet; a bit of

shaft went wrong, and has to be re-

paired.” ,



“The captain is on deck?”



“Not now, sir. It was at his orders

we heaved to, but he has just gone be-

low. We are out of the trade lines

here, and safe enough with a good

lookout.” .



“Are we liable to be‘lying here fer

some time then?” '





“Five or six hours, the engineer,





said.”



, He turned away, but at that instant

my eyes caught the flashing of a bea-

con away off to the southeast. '





"Seeley? We -must be well beyond





\





\ .





Eaton?” .



He glanced in the direction I had in-

dicated.



“Those white flashes? That is Old-

field Point, sir. Are you acquainted

with these waters ?”



“Not intimately, although I retain

some memory of the charts. I saw

merchants’ service on the old Atlas

Line.”



“A fine line that,” he acknowledged

heartily. “I made my first voyage, as

cabin—boy, on the Mohawk. You are

Mr. Hollis, I presume, sir. I overheard

Mr. Carrington tell Captain Turner you

were to be one of the party aboard.

Well, good-night, sir; I must make cer-

tain the watch is awake.”



He touched his cap courteously, and

disappeared beneath the shadow of the

bridge, leaving me again alone, unde-

cided whether to return below, or en-

deavor to walk off my sleeplessness.

I scarcely know what idle curiosity led

me to stroll along the narrow deck

space around the cabin to the lounging

place at the stern. The rubber deck

matting muffled my steps, while the

light of the stars along the water sur-

face reflected sufficient light to give

me fair View beneath the awning,

which had not been rolled up when the

guests retired. I stopped suddenly in

surprise, staring across at the opposite

rail, questioning the evidence of my

own eyes. There, clearly outlined in

the star-glimmer, was plainly revealed

the figure of a woman. Some instinct.

of fear, or, perchance, a slight sound

of approach, must have apprised her of

my near presence, for she turned in-

stantly toward me, bending slightly

forward, her face visible in the shad-

ow; and then, before I could either

move or speak, she fled, along the port

rail, vanishing immediately behind the

protection of the cabin. I felt sure

that her lips had uttered a quick ex-

clamation, and her startled effort at

escape was sufficient to urge me to

pursue. Who could she be? Why was

she here on board the Esmeralda?

Above all, why should she be so eager

to escape observation?



I ran forward across the deck, and

quickly explored the passage between

the cabin and rail. It was clearly vis-

ible in the bright starlight, but the

swiftly fleeing figure had totally van-

ished. I reached the steps of the com-

panion, and gazed down through the

glass doors. The light below revealed

nothing, the cabin remained quiet, and

deserted. Not a shadow rewarded my

search, either on the Open deck, or

below. Yet surely this was no dream,

no hallucination, no mere vision of the

night. The woman had actually_been

there; I had seen her plainly enough;

had even heard the echo of her voice.

There was then a woman on board—a

woman who sought to hide from obser-

vation; who ventured on deck only

when she thought it entirely deserted,

and who fled in fright from discovery.

1' even felt a vague impression of her

personality—she was yopng, slender

of form, dressed in some shimmering

gray stuff, a light, fluffy scarf conceal-

ingher hair.



The picture of her grew more clear-

ly defined, as I stood there alone, star-

ing about into the deserted darkness.

Strange no one had ever mentioned the

presence fi any woman aboard. Mc-

Cann surely did not know, or he would

never have told some of his stories;

Fos‘dick was certainly unaware of the

fact, for he had expressed to me his

relief at a vacation with only men as





companions. We had all accepted our-





invitations with that understanding,

not expressed exactly, but plainly im-

plied. Carrington would surely know;

it was his yacht. Very well, I would





ask him‘ in the morning about the ‘





young woman.



There was nothing more to do, then,

however, although I prowled about for

some time, peering into dark corners,

and turning the matter ,overand' over





in my mind. Some way the presence





Arm 1:44.927}:





r _

s ;‘





ofthe girl fascinated‘mefi I‘ could not





altogether cast aside the memory -I

possessed of her fleeting figure.» She

seemed more spectral than real, and

yet I felt no longer the vestige of a

doubt but what she was flesh and

blood. I must have been nearly day-

break before I fell asleep again in my

own stateroom, nor did I awaken until

the steward announced the late break-

fast call, by a vigorous rapping on my

door. .



The Esmeralda still swung motion-

less, and I could hear a faint tapping

of hammers far below deck, where

work was progressing on the recalci—

trant machinery. CarringtOn Was seat-

ed alone at the table when I entered

the cabin, lingering over his coffee,

and he remained to keep me company,

seemingly in a genial mood in spite of

the delay.



“Don’t hurry, Hollis,” he said, as the

waiter brought me grape fruit as a

first course. “We have all the time in

the world. I suppose you have observ-

ed we are lying at anchor?"



“Yes,” I answered, not quite ready

at that moment to spring the import-

ant question. “The stopping of the en-

gine awoke me last night, and I went

on deck to learn the cause. Once a

sailor, always a sailor, you know. That

was soon after midnight, and Mr. Seel-

ey said everything would be fixed in

a few hours.”



“There was more damage than Gault

supposed. I had my doubts of those

engines. However, we shall be off now

in another hour—I was below myself

before coming to breakfast.”



“No job then, your force

handle?”



“Oh, no; Gault is a perfectly capable

fellow; one of the crank shafts was

wrongly adjusted; they are putting it

back into place now.”



He lit a cigar, and leaned comfort-

ably back in his chair, looking amiably

across at me through the blue haze of

smoke.



“Rather nice bunch of fellows for a

cruise, don’t you think?”



“Quite so, although I only knew two

previously.” .



“Yes—-—Fosdick and McCann. The

others are either bankers, or brokers;

fellows I meet every day or so in my

business, you know. We out each oth-

er's throats on the street, but some-

times it is worth while to get together.

You have never done much in stocks?”



I shook my head.



“My business education was in an





cannot





entirely different school,” I” said quiet-'





ly, ignoring his lead. “My father never

speculated.”



“I know his feelings on the subject,”

and Carrington chuckled, as though at

a pleasant memory. “Your father was





a fine man, Robert, a gentleman of the





old school, but a bit Puritanical in his

notions. I never advocate speculation

myself, but have never shown any

qualms of conscience against betting

on a sure thing. Perhaps we can dis-

cuss this later—before our voyage is

over.”



“This, then, is more of a business

than a pleasure trip, sir?”



He laughed, watching the

rings rise lazily in the air.



“Well, hardly that, my boy. My hos-





smoke





.pitality is not to be so strictly limit-





ed. However, no doubt, we will discuss





llllllIlllllll!IllllllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllll|NI1Hlillll[Ill!IIHIllilllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllfllflllllllllIllllllllll
«a





“





 





, learn why the engine had stopped. No

. doubt it was. an illusion.” . -





some matters or business importance V _.





before. our return. fWe are all more

or less. interested in. the state, of the

market. By the way, you have some .

idle money, I hear?”



. “Not a large sum at present, though

it is true I control some capital.” ,



Carrington pushed back his chair

and arose to his feet.



“That is of no immediate import-.

ance,” he said carelessly. ”But in my

judgment we are not far away from a

great opportunity in finance, when it

will pay well to be on the inside. It

may interest you to know that a cop-

per pool is being organized.”



“I suspected as much; you have

some news?”



“Breecdingly important news. Lis~

ten, Hollis, this is strictly confidential

and worth your thinking over. Only

two men on board know the truth.

There will be war in Europe—the big-

gest war ever known in history-with-

in a month. I base my. prediction on

dispatches from confidential agents in

Berlin, Paris, St. Petersburg and Vien-

na. They are in positions to know.

Do you realize what that will mean for

instance to copper?" .



“I can imagine, sir. But if we are

on the verge of such a sudden rise in

market value, Why do you leave New

York for a long voyage?”



Carrington smiled, stroking his gray

moustache. .



“A natural question, perhaps, com-

ing from one not acquainted with my

methods,” he answered good humored-

1y. “Because I prefer to be thought

out of it. Everybody on the street is

aware that I am at sea. I thus escape.

being interviewed, importuned for in-

formation. I am unsuspected of being

where I can manipulate the market. I

have with me, also, others whose ab-

sence from New York will greatly tend

to quiet suspicion."



“Yes, but that is certainly a handi-

cap."



“Not in the least; the Esmeralda is

equipped with a powerful Wireless out-

fit, and we have on board the most ex-

pert operator to be procured in New

York. I shall be in direct communica-

tion with my office every hour of the

day and night. Moreover I have with

me men who possess and control mil-

lions, and who are smart, shrewd spec

ulators. Tomorrow, once safely beyond

Point Judith, I shall explain to them

my plan; ‘meanwhile, Hollis, think it

over.”



He turned toward the stairs, but I

stopped him, more deeply interested in

something else than in his rather

vague financial scheme. The girl on

board; was it possible she could have

any connection with this affair? At

least I would learn if Carrington knew

or suspected her presence on board.





“By the way,” I spoke with an as--. '





sumption of carelessness, “Mrs. Car-

rington, I understand, is at present in

Europe?”



“Yes, in Switzerland; I have cabled

her that she had better return as far

as London at once." '



“You seem very confident as to the

truth of your advices.”



“I am; I know the men who have re-

ported to me.”



“I see, and consequently there are

no women on board?” ~



“Women?” he made a swift, expres‘

sive gesture. “Certainly not. I wrote

you to that effect, I believe; at least I

so instructed my secretary. This voy-

age is primarily a business affair. Why

should you ask that questiOn, Hollis?

You have met all my guests.”



I hesitated, yet determined to put

him fully to the test. If he knew, eith-

er his face or manner would betray

him, irrespective of his words. ,



“I imagined I saw a woman on the

deck last night when I ventured out to





 





 





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An, Added ‘ Chapter





HE history of the United States



is incomplete if we only study



the influences of the English,

Hollanders , and other nations who

made up the people settling in the thir~

teen colonies.



The treaty of Guadalope Hidalgo

gave us more territory than was with-

in the borders of the English Colonies.

Yet in the school histories where New

Netherlands and the Salem Witchcraft

are so generously described, we read

nothing of the Missions of California

so vitally connected with the present

conditions in Mexico.



The Missions gave us a style of ar-

chitecture and were in their early his-

tory one of the few outstanding suc-





 





THE MICHIGA





N FARMER





By DORTHA MCBRIDE





houses beside the mission for church

itself. The ruins of this first monu-

ment to the succeSS of the Padres

stands on a bluff overlooking the Mis-

sion Valley. Only the facade of the

church and the roof and 'walls of one

or two of the old monastic rooms re-

main. “Mater Doloroso,” the bell, may

be seen lying upon a pile of crumbling

adobe that was once the tower of" this

stately mission.



The mode of life was about the same

at all the missions. Rules were few,

for the irregular life of the Indians

could not be suddenly conformed to

strict rules. The Angelus bell rang at





.





Crumbling Walls of Mission de Alcala at San Diego, Built in 1769.





cesses of Christianizing and civilizing

the Indian population. While African

slavery was made the basis of south-

ern civilization, a most paternal and

happy civilization was being given to

the Indians by the Mission Padres.



To the native Californian the stories

and historical places of the Padres and

their grand old Missions have the

same place in history as Plymouth

Rock with its stories and history.



California has often been called the

“Land of Romance” and travelers

readily appreciate why that name is so

appropriate when they visit the pictur-

esque ruins of the old Missions.



The first mission was San Diago De

Alcala, founded in 1769 on a hill near

what is now Old Town, San Diego.





A few huts were built and one of

these served as a chapel. The Padres

tried to coax the Indians to come to

the camp, with brightly colored cloth

and beans, but they were not very suc-

cessful because the Padres were una-

ble to speak in the Indian tongue and

the Indians were afraid of these in-

truders that came across the water on

white winged birds. Some of the bold-

er ones would come up and take the

presents but they would only snatch it

and run away.

food but the Indians were afraid of it,

or perhaps they did not understand

what it was, however it was fortunate

for the Padres that the food was not

taken, because an expected provision

ship had been lost at sea. However,

as soon as the Indians lost their fear

they began to steal the clothing or

whatever attracted them.



, On August 12, 1769 the Indians made

their first directly hostile attack. They

were repulsed but returning three

days later with a much larger force

they were nearly victorious. As the

Indians were armed only with clubs

and bows and arrows, several were

killed and more wounded, while but

one of the Padres was hurt and one

man killed. Later the Indians return-

ed with their wounded and begged

‘ medical aid, which was given, this es-

tablished friendship again. After this

a stockade was built to assure safety.

In 1783 this mission was at its prime,

it then having several large adobe





The Padres offeredx,‘





daybreak for Holy Mass and prayers,

after which breakfast was served. The

interval between breakfast and the

eleven or twelve o’clock dinner was

devoted to some kind of work, the men

in the field or shops and the women at

housework or some handimaft. After

dinner until about two, the Indian

1ested or played games and then work-

ed until five. The new converts were

permitted to gather and store nuts and

wild berries for their individual use.

Food for the day was distributed to

each person or family, the young men

taking theirs to the public kitchen to

be prepared and the married men car-

rying theirs to their families.



The dress of the women was about

the same as the Mexican peasantry

dress today—skirt, bodice and shawl.

The dress of the men was a shirt,

trousers and blanket though the al-

caldes and chiefs of gangs of work-

men generally wore the complete

Spanish costume. The wealth of the

mission consisted of surplus fruit,

grain, vegetables, hides, tallow oil,

hemp wine and live stock.



As Indians of different t1ibes lived

peacefully together in the same, mis-

sion the management of the padres

must have been of a high order.



The second mission, San Carlos, was

‘ founded on June 3, 1770. This mission

is not far from Monterey the original

capital of California. A few huts were

hastily put up on a hill site near the

beach, and one of these was dedicated

as a chapel on the fourteenth of June.

The occasion was celebrated by a

grand procession, the firing of guns

and the ringing of bells. Thus after

two centuries the effort to establish a

favorable port on the coast of Califor-

nia, wherein vessels coming from the

Philippines might make a landing for

repairs, was consummated on June 3,

1770, and the post of Monterey had

been established.



The present church is of white stone.

An addition was completed between

1855-58 under the direction of Padre

Bautista Comillas. The altar was built

about the same time and is said to be

the work of Indians. An iron safe of

ancient design contains the sacred ves-

sels. A roughly carved and .gaudily

painted reliquary, also thought to be





 





the work of Indians, has on the back a

list of contents in Padre Serra’s hand-

writing. ‘



The approach to the San Carlos Mis-

sion is paved in sections of the verte-

bra of whales, making an interesting

relic of the time when Monterey was

an important whaling station.



San Antonio De Padua, another of

the earlier missions, has an interesting

legend about its founding. Padre Ser-

ra in search of a good site found a

beautifully oak-studded glen at the foot

of the Santa Luca mountains, watered

by the Salinas River. While the mis-

sionaries hung bells in the trees Padre

Serra wildly shouted for the gentiles

to come and receive the faith, although

there were no Indians in sight. Indi-

ans soon collected, however, out of

curiosity of these strange people, and

became very-friendly, bringing offer-

ings of pinenuts and seeds, and assist-

ing in the work of building a church,

barracks and houses for the mission-

aries.



Another legend of this mission is

told us by Padre Palou. Shortly after

the founding of the mission, an old

Indian woman named Agueda, proba-

bly about one hundred years old, pre-

sented herself to be baptized. In reply

to the Padre’s question as to Why she

wished to be baptized she said that

when she was a little girl she had

heard her father tell of a religious man

with dress the same, as the Padres who

came to. their country, not by way of

ships, but through the air, and he

taught the same doctrines that the

missionaries did and therefore she

wished to be baptized, as she believed

as they did. After inquiry it was found

that many of the Indians told the same

story Padie Palou believed that the

person refeired to was perhaps one of

the last missmnal 1es who accompanied

Father St. Francis in 1631 in his work

in New Mexico, and w ho were martyred

after having made many converts.





The architecture of San Antonio is,





noted for its tall graceful arches and

its once beautiful toned bells. It is in

a reasonable state of preservation to-

day but is quiet and deserted.



Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, the





APRIL 14-, 1917.17





to the History Of the United States





One of the queer ideas that grew

among these people after the establish-

ment of the mission wasthat they had

no belief in a devil or in hell and per-

sisted in regarding them as concerning

only white men.



The forcible robbing of this one of

the most prosperous and richest of the

missions, by the Spanish, after which

it passed into government control,

speedily brought ruin to the grand old

mission. .



On September 1, 1772, the fifth mis-

sion, San Louis Opisbo, was founded.

[t was originally a building of adobe

with charming pillars, but recent res-

torations have so completely destroyed

its original style and charm that, one

would scarcely recognize'it now as be-

longing to the period of the old mis-

sions. The only articles of interest

now are a statue of the patron saint

and some wonderful old legendary can-

dlesticks; those things are stored With-

in the chapel.



San Francisco de Asis, or better

known as Mission Dolores, is situated

in the heart of San Francisco. The

formal dedeciatiou of this -mission

building took place on October 9, 1776.

All that is now left is a small chapel,

and even the interest in that is lost

when one enters it only to see a curio

shop, even the original painted canvas

altar that was brought from Meico, has

been moved. The cemetery where lie

some of California’s greatest men is

unkept and desolate.



The beautiful and picturesque ruins

of San Juan Capistrano midway be—

tween Los Angeles and San Diego, is

perhaps best known of all the missions

to the casual traveler. It is situated

on. rolling land between two valleys

within two and one-half miles of the

Pacific ocean. A first attempt to found

a mission on this site was unsuccess—

ful, but a second trial was made and

the mission formally dedicated on No-

vember 1, 1776. It is said to have tak-

en the Indians nine years to build the

magnificent structure, with its grace-

ful arches. Unhewn stone carried by

the Indians from the canyon of Mis-

sion Vieja about six miles away were

used in its structure. Over these stones

mortar and adobe were used. The ele-

ments were unkind to this beautiful





 





m





 





View of the Ruins of Mission San Juan Capistrano, Built in 1776.





fourth mission of the long chain that

extends in a line through California is

located nine miles from Los Angeles.

The mission building is now in a very

good state of preservation as services

are still held there.



The Indians that formed the San

Gabriel mission were physically and

mentally some of the finest specimens

of manhood possible, and their ideals

and kindness toward one another

might well be examples for emulation

by modern civilization.





   

 





structure for on December 12, 1812, it

was destroyed by an earthquake and

when an attempt was made to rebuild

the walls with adobe they were ruined

by a severe rain storm. No further

trials were made except to form a.

chapel out of some of the remaining

walls.



Mission Santa Clara de Asis is situ-

ated in what is now the “Valley of the

Oaks” not far from Santa: Clara. A

college and church now occhpy the or-

iginal site at the lower endof San





 





 





 





V





t
f.





 





.\





Francisco Bay; When the Mexican

government“: separated church from

state, the importance of the old mis-

sion rapidly diminished. The disas-

trous fire in 1913 destroyed many of

the peecious relics and now only the

history and traditiOns remain.





Mission San Buenaventura is the

tenth of the chain of missions. It is

situated in the city of Ventura- The

buildings are .in a good state of preser-

vation today and services are held reg-



, ularly as of old. The church is tastily

decorated and was modernized in 1812.



Mission Santa Barbara, founded in

1787, is one of the best constructed

missions in southern California. Its

walls are six feet in thickness and the

towers are of stone and cement. This

structure is in very good condition to-

day and religious services are held

there at the present time. This mission

is surrounded by beautiful gardens.





In all there are twentyone missions

and of the remaining ones the most

important are: Mission San Jose de

Guadalupe, near San Jose was founded

in 1797. Nearly the entire structure

is in ruins and only the monastery re-

mains of the .original mission.



Mission San Fernando, located twen-

ty-two miles northwest of Los Angeles

was dedicated to Fernando Ill, King of

Spain. The mission is in ruins but the

monastery has been partly restored.



Mission San Miguel, founded in 1797,

is now one of the most interesting mis-

sions of California, on account of the

artistic and beautiful interior decora—

tions. However, it is at the present

time in a poor state of preservation

and no attempt is being made to re-

store it.



Mission San Francisco Solano do So-

noma, founded in 1823, was the last

and most northerly mission built in

California. by the Franciscan Fathers.

The old ruins were sold to a man who

used the church for a hay barn, until

in 1910 the Sonoma Valley Woman’s

Club became interestedlin preserving

the old ruins as a land-mark.



Many people have blamed the ruin

of the old missions and the injustice to

the Indians to the greed and avarice

of the Americans when the United

States first took possession of Califor-

nia. This may be true in part but the

ruin of the missions was begun before

this when the Spanish government as-

sumed control of these institutions. At

that time the‘missions were soldto

the highest bidder and the old church-

es were used as barns and wineries,

and other secular purposes.



Today at the Terrazzas Hacienda

one can have a glimpse of the modern-

ized mission that has worked for good

and evil in Mexico. The Hacienda has

an immense acreage of land with agri-

culture, stock raising, mining and

crude manufacturing, sometimes a. tan-

nery, as the. chief‘ industries, and the

peons as the workers. These peons are

the lineal descendants of the mission

Indians, with a mixture of Spanish

blood. The untutored peon always has

wants which he can only partially sat-

isfy on his meager wage and as a re-

sult of this, or maybe as a matter of

book-keeping he is always in debt to

the Hacienda. Being as much of a

slave as ever the Negro was, Villa’s

appeal seems to him to be his only

means of revenge and his only vision

of life. The foreign concessionaries

under Diaz largely followed the prac-

tice of the Hacienda’s in matters of

wage and were even more exacting as

to labor, and less tolerant of the many

holy days and fiestas. A system began

in the beauty of religion degenerated

into the exploitation of the Mexican

Indian. A century of wrongs are not

righted easily, nor~is it possible that

any but the strong arm .of the Anglo-

Saxon can be the good Samaritan to

the wounded and'stricken people which

are in fact, not ,a nation, but an aggre-

tgation of peoples. The wrongs of a

enter ‘ re‘ their inheritance rather





. . Vina.





I fer future ideals.





memories are happy past and





these furnishi'amather poor foundationl





As a school girl I have read the his-

tory of the United States under the

shadows of the old missions and I have

felt —that these books are incomplete

without a chapter on Spanish America

added. ’





THE MEADOWLARK.





(Continued' from page 488).



From the aesthetic viewpoint, the

lark has large claims on our friendship

and protection. How much would be

lost from our spring and summer and

autumn fields, were the meadowlark to

become extinct? The clear, silver notes

of this bird constitute one of the ac-l

oepted harbingers of spring. Although

not a songster in the sense of a con-

tinuous performance, the flute-like

strain of the meadowlark is a much-l

loved sound wherever it is heard. Not

only in the early spring, but in late au-

tumn as well, this longdrawn, bell-like

peal of -the meadowlark rings its

cheery Welcome over our farms. Few

sounds in nature are more pleasing or.

inspiring than those made by a flock

of larks at the dawn of a clear Octo-

ber morning. Fewer people are ac-

quainted with this autumnal outburst.

but it is none the less fine,_ and a

characteristic October feature.

‘- Not in his song alone but in plumage

as well, the meadowlark forms one of

the most attractive and familiar fea—

tures' of rural scenery. The character—

istic attitude. of the bird as he sits on

a fencepost or in a tree—who can for-

get it. Ills bright yellow throat and

breast and jet black crescent collar

add unusual beauty and conspicuous-

ncss to the nieadowlark. There would

be something inexpressibly fine, taken

from rural life, Were the lark of our

boyhood dreams and fancies to be ex—

terminated. The meadows that stretch-

ed away in a billowy waving expancc

of' green; the wheat, fields, golden,

fragrant, drooping with heavy, ripened

heads in the summer sun—how with

these familiar boyhood scenes are.

wrapped up the meadowlark that form-

ed always, a part of such landscapes.

You can not take the lark from our

fields without taking something tender

and gentle and refreshing from rural

life. Let these wholly useful and desir-

able birds increase; protect them, be-

friend them, make them welcome on

your farm.





 





 





 





“CONTRABAND.”

(Continued from page. 491).



“It surely must have. been,” his voice

evidencing surprise, “for I give you

my word there is not a woman on this

yacht. I was on board twenty-four

hours before we sailed, and kept my

eyes open. What, to your mind, did

the creature look like ?”



“Nothing at all definite, a mere out-

line in the gleam of the stars. The

vision of her vanished before I could

approach close enough to assure my-

self even of her reality. I searched

the deck later, but found no trace. It

may have been an odd combination of

shadow, but, at that time, I felt convinc-

ed the vision was actually flesh and

blood.” .



Carrington laughed heartily.



“Dismiss it, my boy,” he said, his

hand gripping the brass rail. “We

may indeed have ghost women on

board, but no flesh and blood ones. Bet-

ter join us on deck, and let the sun

and wind clear your brain—perhaps

the champagne caused the mischief?”



"Hardly,” I answered, adopting his

mood, “as I did not touch any. How-

ever, I will join you presently.”



“I watched him disappear through

the companion, stirring my coffee non-

chalantly enough. Yet I was not sat-

isfied; Carrlngton did not know, pos-

sessed no suspicion; nevertheless I re-

mained convinced there was a woman

on board the Esmeralda.





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no matter how great the





W.





 





 





lived on the land he had a pplicd for.





 





(Continued next week). '





Ganada Offers

ISO Acres Land

Froetu Farm Hands





Bonus at Western Canada

Land to Men Who Assist

in Maintaining Needed

Grain Production.





The demand for farm labor in (‘anada is so great

that as an inducement to securc at once the net-cs- l|

sary help l'o-qllil'cll, Canada will give one hund- .

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stead and allow the farm laborer, who lllcs oui

land. to apply the time he is \an‘klllg for other

farmers as resirlcncmlutics, the same as if he, had

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made only to men workng on l‘auadian farms

for at leastii months during 1017, thus reducing





 





the necessity of actual residence to 2 years lush-all ,

of 1’. .wnrs, asunder usual conditions. This optical ‘





for farm help is in no way connected uith en-

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wonderful opportunity to earn good wages while

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Let the Children Be Happy





Dear Deborah.——I have read so many

of your articles in the Michigan Farm-

er and they have helped me so much

that I wondered if you would help me

on the problem first in my mind. I

liked your article on the home for the

family.



You know little children have to

stay in the house most of the time.

Our children love to put the chairs to-

gether and play bridge. They also love

to ride on the arms of daddy’s Morris

chair and slide on the davenport.

They do not pound nor break nor tear

things, just scratch. the furniture. I

enjoy seeing them have their fun, and

of course, like any other woman, I also

like to see our things look nice. But

people think it terrible that I let them

play this way. They say they will

never know how to use nice things

and keep them nice. Do you think they

are right?



From their babyhood the children

are learning to put things in their plac-

es when through with them, and I give

them all the little things to do I can

to keep them busy. It isn’t that I can’t

make them mind, for they know when

mamma speaks she means it. But I do

not like to keep nagging them. I don’t

have to say, “Now, you must stop, ”

but, “Please stop,” and they do. But

of course they soon forget. Should I

punish them so they would remember?

I do not think so, do you?



If it is possible I would like to see

an article on this in the Michigan

Farmer, for I know you would answer

as you really thought was right for all.

We would dread missing the paper

0nce,. Hoping you will have an answer

for this, I am yours truly, Mother.





Personally I think you are all right

to let the children play bridge with the

chairs and ride horseback on the Mor-

ris chair. But I can hear a loud shriek

of protest from the average mother. If

the children do not pound nor break

nor tear, they are marvels and I can-

not see where they are learning bad

habits by using their imagination to

turn a chair into a prancing steed. A

little furniture polish now will cover

a multitude of scratches, and a coat of

varnish when they growioo big for

such games will make the chairs like

new. Besides, what’s a scratch on a

piece of furniture compared to a bruise

on a child’s heart?





The trouble with most mothers, and

fathers, too, is that they put inanimate

things ahead of their children, and ap-

pearances above realities. The really

important thing in baby days is the

baby, not the looks of the parlor. Of

course we all like to see a home neat

and spotless, but I know of no way to

keep one so where there are children,

except to keep the children tied up, or

turn them out to bother ihe neighbors.

There are mothers who follow both

courses. But the mother with the right

attitude makes her children happy at

home, and shuts her eyes to misplaced

books, scattered toys and scratched

furniture.



Of course, I should not allow the

children to be destructive, wantonly.

But as these children are not, the

mother is quite right to let them enjoy

their own home. No one with common

sense wouldlet a child at any age

pound furniture, deliberately scratch it

with their toys, play ball indoors, or

roller skate over the polished floors.

That would be turning liberty into li-

cense. (But the idea of keeping the

house as a show place instead of a

home is a mistaken one, both for chil-

dren and grownups.



Personally, I never could see the

point of having things just for the sake

of showing them off. What is the

pleasure of keeping a lot of furniture

to dust and polish, butnot to. use? I

never liked dusting well enough for





 





 





 





;

,._,._r-..,=....;..,....g....7mm... in..- .. ... ..._





that. My idea of: a home is a. place

where each member may feel that. ev-

erything belongs to him and he IS at

perfect liberty to use it, so long as the

use is legitimate. Sofa cushions 100

good to put your head on belong in the

art store, not in the family living-room

And furniture too precious for the chil-

dren to touch is too big an investment

for busy mothers. These things but

add to your cares and bad tempers,

and bring no one any real pleasure.

For even the woman who oWns them

can not enjoy them for the awful fear

that they are going to be marred in

some way.





I should not punish the children,

either, for forgetting, except in ex.

treme .cases. Of course, some children

overwork the “forgetting habit” when

they find mother forgives them on that

plea. Then I would give them what

mother used to call “a memory pow-

der.” This consisted of being deprived

of something on which we had set our

heart, and it usually helped our “for-

getters” wonderfully.



When I go into a childless home and

see the scratchlcss furniture, duslzlcss

floors, tidy rooms and general air of

the work being “done” I sometimes

sigh at the thought of our rather dis-

ordered dwelling. But when the boy.:

come prancing in with checks glowing

red, eyes bright and sparkling, and, I

must confess, hands abominably dirty,

and loudly beg, or demand a 10 o’clock

lunch, I think perhaps it’s more worth

while than shiny furniture and orderly

rooms. In ten years more I‘ll have

lots of time too be neat and orderly.

Meanwhile the youngsters are healthy,

and, most, of the time, happy.



DEBORAH.





 





THE LEFT-OVERS OF BUTCHER-

ING DAY.





 





BY LUI.U o. PARKER.



The average farm home-nwker

knows all about salting and smoking

and pickling the principal cuts, but

here are some recipes for utilizing the

odds and ends of butchering day. For

if we would cut down the high cost of

living in these aeroplaning days we

must imitate the meat trust 1nd ul :lize

all of the pig but his squeal.



Scrapple.——Boil in sufficient water

to cover, all the clean bits of lean pork,

trimmings, etc. Season with suit and

pepper to taste. Strain the liquor from

the meat when it is well done, careful-

ly remove all bones and chop the meat

coarsely. Let the liquor cool and skim

off the fat that forms on top. Save this

10 use in frying the scrapple. Then put

the chopped meat back into the liquor,

add enough water to make three or

four quarts to four or five pounds of

meat. Season all rather highly and

thicken with yellow corn meal or

wheat middlings until itxis as stiff as

mush. Stir well and cook thoroughly.

When done pour it into bread pans or

molds to cool. This is a fine breakfast

dish for cold mornings when out into

slices and fried in drippings. It will

keep a week or more in a cold place.



HeadCheese—Clean and scrape the

head, split it in half, take out the eyes

and the brains, and remove the ears.

Scald the head and the ears and scrape

them again. Ri‘nSe \in cold water and

put in a large covered kettle {with hot

water to cover it. Let it boil slowly,

skimming off the scum as it arises.

Boil until the meat leaves the bones.





Take the meat from the liquor with a

skimmer and pick out every particle of

bone. Chop the meat and season to

taste with salt and pepper, and sage or

thyme if this is liked. Spread a cloth

in a colander or sieve, which is set in

a. pan into which the fat and juices can

drain. Put this meat into the cloth

and fold the cloth around it. Lay a

weight over the cloth, a dinner plate

will do, with flat-irons on top. The

heavier the weight is the more fat will

be pressed out and the leaner the

cheese will be. When cold take the

weight off, scrape off the grease which

has accumulated outside the cloth.

Keep the cheese in the cloth in a. cool

place. Slice it thin and serve cold

with catsup, mustard, 0r chopped pick—

le. The fat which gathers on top of

the liquor in which the cheese was

boiled may be used for shortening.



Sausage—To each twelve pounds of

trimmings and bits of rather lean pork,

take five ounces of salt, one-half ounce

each of ground black and white pepper.

Grind the meat rather fine, mix in the

seasoning and grind again. Have sacks

made of rather thin cheesecloth four

inches inidiameter by twelve or more

inches long. Pack the sausage in these

and hang in a clean dry room or smoke

house. Smoke four or five days. 01‘

pack the raw sausage in earthen jars

and pour an inch of melted lard over

the top. It will keep all winter in a.

cold place.



Liven—When beef or veal is butch-

ered there are more ways of serving

the liver than in a. plain fry. Smother

it with fried onions for instance, or try

these: \



To two pounds of liver use two ta-

blespoons of butter, three gills of milk,

three teaspoons of flour, a sifting of

salt and pepper, :1 slice of onion, and

a sprig of parsley if it is at hand. Slice

the liver thin and let it stand in cold

water for five minutes. Put the butter

in the frying pan, and when it is siz-

zling hot put in the “ver which has

been seasoned on both sides. Fry the

liver a light brown on both sides, re-

move it from the pan, put in the onion

and the parsley and sift in the flour.

Stir until it froths, then gradually add

the milk. Cook until thickened, stir-

ring all the time. Then put the fried

liver back into the sauce, cook for five

minutes longer, and serve hot.



Liver and Bacon—Have as many

slices of liver as of.bacon. Fry the ba-

con first and dish it on a hot plate.

Season the liver and dip it in flour,

then fry it in the bacon drippings. Ar—

range the slices of liver on a platter

with a, slice of bacon on each. Dredge

a little flour into the drippings, add

one-half cup of water, two tablespoon-

fuls of lemon juice, and let it boil up.

Then pour the gravy onto the platter

and serve.



Liver Rolls.-Cut the liver into me-

dium thick slices and have as many

slices of bacon as of liver. Scald the

liver, then drain and wipe dry. Put a

slice of bacon on each slice of liver,

roll it with the bacon inside and tie

loosely with coarse thread. Dust them

with flour and fry in bacon fat until

nicely brown all around. Remove the

rolls, make a. thickened gravy out Of

the drippings with flour and butter,

season it with salt and pepper, 3. slice

of onion and a bay leaf if it is liked.

Put the rolls back in the sauce, cover

the kettle and simmer gently for an

hour. This is a quick breakfast dish if

left standing over night in the sauce,

and warmed up while the coffee is boil-

ing. ~ Serve with'baked potatoes. . '
' ; songs: ,tileftabéri of butchering 'day ,





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





may be disp‘enSed‘ with, by organizing

a meat circle. in the neighborhood.





‘Then every family who belongs to the is not fresh.





circle will hatre a supply of fresh meat

at a minimum cost, while no one will

have to care for a Whole carcass at

one time.



One plan which works very well is

for the members of the circle to fur-

nish some one member who is equip-

ped for it, a meat animal for slaughter

:‘~ td division. The hide or a share of

the meat pays for the work, and the

remainder is divided among the mem-

bers at cost. The" members take turns

at furnishing the animal, and are paid

for all but their own and the butcher’s

shat}. ‘



Seasoning is another item to think

about at butchering and sausage-mak-

ing time. A variety of seasoning will

make all the difference between vari-

ety and sameness in the serving of

meat. Stock up with celery seed or

celery salt, which is practically the

same thing. Use clove or allspice in

sausage or meat loaf. But do not get

too much of the last two, half a clove

will go a long way. Sage, thyme, sum-

mer savory, bay leaves, and sweet

ntarjoram, may be purchased from the

grocer in a dry state, or, better, it may

be raised in the kitchen garden or a

window box. Never season meat too

highly, better use too little than too

much.





___,_____———————-





HOME QUERIES.





Helen C., Remus.-—We cannot pub-

lish songs or poems in this department

as the space is limited. Write to any

reliable music publishing company for

the two songs you wish.



Household Editor.——Late last fall I

saw a request for tomato catsup like

we. buy. As it was too late for toma-

toes anyway, and I was very busy, I

did not send mine then. But I would

like. to have R. H. S. have our recipe

for putting down beef, so will send the

two together. Both recipes are all

right if directions are followed care-

fully. Both were given me by neigh-

bors. It has been kept and used by

the family who gave the recipe to tts,

for over thirty years. Hoping these

may be a help to someone, I remain,

Mrs. F. L., Dundee, Mich.



Tomato Catsup Like We Buy.—Peel

and cook tomatoes with about three

medium sized onions to the gallon.

Carefully sift out the seeds and then

measure. To one gallon of the pulp

add One pint of pure cider vinegar.

three tablespoons of. salt, one-half tea-

spoon each of cinnamon and cloves.

one teaspoon of ginger, one teaspoon

of mustard, and a little cayenne pep-

per. The dry mustard should be the

kind intended for table use. It is best

to cook the tomatoes until nearly thick

enough before adding the seasoning.



Canning Beet—Cut the meat up in

pieces about right to cook. Lay in a

crock and cover with a brine that just

tastes salty. Let stand ten or twelve

hours, then take out, drain well and

repack in the crock. Measure the first.

brine so you can tell how much to fix

next time. To enough water to cover

100 pounds of meat add one and a half

pounds of salt, one ounce of saltpetre

and a rounding tablespoon of black

pepper. Dissolve the salt and salt-

peire in the water and bring to a boil.

Then add the black pepper and pour

over the meat boiling hot. We have

everything ready and rush the brine

on as fast as possible. Put on a weight,

and be sure the meat is entirely cover-

~ed with brine. If you are‘lucky enough

to have enough for all summer put on

a fresh brine in the same way in the





 





spring. When you WlSh to cook the N o_ 8271—-Ladies' W'aist.

36 to 42 inches, bust measure. Any

of the pretty striped materials can

be used to make this waist, with the





beef. just rinse off in cold water and

put to boil.

corned beef usually is, but be seasoned

just right to eat.





thus preserving it.





take out.

for an.-hour or two. ,





It will not be hard like





The hot brine turns

the beef quite White, closing the cells,

Put in the pieces

of beefsteak and then slice when you

After slicing drop in milk

, Then fry as you



‘.—' ; wohldhuesh beetsteak and make your





 





 





brown gravy just the» same. If you yuSe‘ '





beef tallow that you have saved in

cooking you can hardly tell your beef





 





REPAIRING WALL PAPER.





 





er nsrnon. A. cossn.



House cleaning time brings with it

many unthinkable tasks for the house-

mother. She must make herself into

scrub—woman, painter, decorator, etc.,

but it may become a pleasure to repair

even the wall paper. This, we are

told, is a simple matter, though we get

the impression that we have a difficult

task before us, and feel nervous. when

thinking of what is to be done. It does

look very bad to see the wall paper

torn, whether it is little or much. And

if this is the case in more than one

room, and the rest of the paper is good

it. would be a great saving to care 101‘

it before the place gets beyond care.

A professional decorator has said

that mending paper may be done with

little expense and trouble if done in

the right way, and advises this: “A

very thin steel knife must be inserted

very carefully under the torn part to

loosen the. entire sheet, or the portion

that is to be pasted. The paper and

dirt must be scraped off the wall, then

the paste is taken from the paper with

a soft cloth, The surfaces are then

ready for the first coat of paste which

is made. from three tablespoonfuls of

flour stirred smooth in cold water. The

boiling water is then added while the

flour is being stirred. After this has

been allowed to cool it must. be applied

to both paper and wall and" left: to

stand for ten or fifteen minutes. Apply

the second coat to the wall and paper,

then press both surfaces together and

pat on with a dry, soft, cloth. Should

air bubbles make an appearant‘m, work

them carefully to the edge and you

will have a perfectly smooth surface.





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.



Our latest Fashion Book, containing

illustrations of over 1.000 designs of

ladies’, misses’ and children's gar—

ments in current fashions, also newest

embroidery designs, and articles which

give valuable hints to the home dress-

maker, will be sent to any address up-

on receipt of ten cents. All patterns

are ten cents each.





 





collar and cuffs of plain goods.

No. 8269-——Ladies’ Skirt.





straight lower edge.

No. 8255—Mi9ses’ Dress.





   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





Why Take Chances





There is much satisfaction in knowing you have

received a dollar’s worth of value for every hundred





cents expended.

‘ In buying





Lily White





“The Flour the Best Cooks Use”





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





you are guaranteed full value and complete satis-

faction or the return of yourmoney.



Lily White Flour meets every requirement of

home baking—bread and pastry work—in the most

pleasing manner.



You will like it very much.



Packed in 5 1b., 10 1b., 243/2 1b., 49 lb. and 98 1b.

sacks.





 





VALLEY CITY MILLING CO.,

Grand Rapids, Mich.





 





 





-' can

light without luau, ‘n'in out boob)





 





 





'l





A





Fmsnsflw burnorrhlmonwflnn





MIMBER FEDERAL RIIEHVI BANK





’ HE directora to of this bank is composed



of men whose individual prominence in the

business field enables them to keep in the closest

possible touch with changing business conditions.

Their knowledge and experience is of inestimable

value to our clients everywhere.





DETROIT





 





.‘V’V._V-I





.V‘V





 

 





..__





A—o-A‘I—jw' A.A—





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





W.





THE NATIONAL LITERARY CLUB





wantllive. intelligentand onorgeticlodiea and gentle-

man to act as Assistant Librarians and organize bron-

chen of 'l he National Literary Club in every city,

village, and rural community. They not only have free

use of all the hunt and latest books published, but re.

ceivn $15.00 a ,war for their services. Particulars free.

Address, THE NATIONAL LITERARY CLUB'

Dept. A-L‘, 2130 East 103th. Street, Cleveland, Ohio.





92:. COFFEE l’fl"%':f§‘tgrs





 





l_ Got. the BEST and SAVE 10 ct: £01- nnd.

-A A. m, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,n,. W]: PAY POST. EXPRESS or 111%" IGHT





 





It? You my: coon no"!!! fill") ml. pawn

VNE COFFEE C0.(Est.1881)Cofleew

”to 7. 2855-57 w. Madison St. C‘GOI





HEAVEN ANDHELt





we-enurg‘s greo we: on -e e I

death. 400 pages. only :5 cents poolpold.

Pastor Landenborgar. Windsor Pica. St. Louis. Io.





low 2!

o o tho convenience of electing licx‘hc—

o -onyvhoro you wont It





 





by merely pushing I button.

loves the coat of extra .

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GUARANTEES. Write It onoo for complete descrigtign.

IIITII [Halli COIPAI'. nut E 43 “ISIII. HIGH.





 

     

   

 





 





   

 





 





   





 





 





Cut in sizes





Cut in sizes

24 to 32 inches waist measure. The

skirt iscut in onepiece and has a





l

Cut in sizes

16, 18 and 20 years. Waist and skirts

are separate and the skirt is cut in





 





‘ ‘ one piece.





 





 





“The Proof 0!

the Pudding





is in the e:1ting”--and every-

one eats it, when it is light and

tender. To have your steamed

pudding and dumplings flufiy,

appetizing and digestible—us:





 

 

 

 

   





RUNIFORD as the leavener. It

raises evenly, thoroughly—perfectly.

Always uniform,

suCCCssful.





Send for FREE Trial Sizo Can and Test





Rmford

CL-icalWoI-ln ‘

. Dept. 36 _

Providence. R. I. .

Plea.” send me

6 oz. Trial Con

#32:?” B°°k THE WHOLESOME





dependable and

Prove it at our expense.
496—24

glllllllllillllliliillilliilliililllllllilllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllIIlll|lllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllll

E





-— Markets. .





EIIIIIIIIIIIHNlllIIIIlIIIlllIIIiIllIlIIlIlllllIllllllllIlllllillIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





April 10, 1917.

Wheat.-‘——Wheat values advanced to

new high records during the past

week. Notwithstanding the fact that

all the nevi-”S is of a bullish character,

there was a break in prices Monday,

following the announcement by big op-

erators that they would not accept any

' new business in grain futures. There .

was a large decrease in the American

visible supply with moderate domestic

and foreign demand in evidence and

farmers have been delivering only

limited quantities at local elevators.

The new crop is very unpromising; the

federal crop report places the outlook

at 63.4 for the United States as com-

pared with 86.2 for the ten-year aver-

age. Especially in Kansas and Ne-

braska does the outlook appear unus-

ually discouraging, and weather condi-

tions since the crop report was pub-

lished have augmented the damage re-

ported on April 1. One year ago No.

2 red wheat was quoted on the local

market at $1.22 per bu. Last week’s

Detroit quotations were:





EL.





lIlIIllIIllll





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





No. 2 No. 1

Red. ' White. . May

Wednesday . . 2.13 2.10 2.14

Thursday . .2.19 2.16 2 191/2

Friday ............. . . .. ......

Saturday ....... 2.28 2.25 2 281/)

Monday . .2.23 2.19 2.231/2

Tuesday . . . .2.21 1/2 2.24%; 2.25

Chicago—May Wheat $2.07 1/4, ; July

$182373.





Corn.——New high records in the his-

tory of American corn marketing were

made last week. The cereal is strong

on its own account, inasmuch as a .sub-

stantial advance was made on Monday

when wheat suffered a heavy decline.

The demand is very general, and the

visible supply shows a decrease of

two-thirds of a million bushels. A year

ago No. 3 corn was quoted at 750 per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quota-

tions were:





No. 3 No. 3



. Mixed Yellow.

Wednesday ........ 1.32 1/2 1.33 1/g

Thursday .......... 1.33 1/2 1.35



, ‘ Friday ................... . . . .



'1‘.‘ Saturday .......... 1.39 1.40

Monday ............ 1.41 1.42

Tuesday ........... 1.42 1.43



Chicago—May corn $12734; July

$1.26 %.





0ats.—This cereal is also breaking

records in the way of prices, with the

demand strong throughout the coun-

try. It is now probable that an in-

creased acreage will be seeded to oats

which will demand an unusually large

amount of the cereal for seeding pur-

poses. Standard oats a year ago were

quoted at 481120 per bushel. N 3



0.





Standard. White.

........... 72





W'ednesday 711A,

‘ Thursday ............. 7 21/2 72

'1 Friday ................ . . . . . .

Saturday .............. 75 741/),

Monday ............... 761/4, 75%,

Tuesday .............. 76 7 51A;

Chicago—May oats 630; July 6194c.





Rye.——Further advances place this

cereal at $1.80 for cash No. 2. -



Beans.——With a firm pressure on the

part of consumers and scarcity of

stocks forced beans to higher levels,

with the price for cash and April at

$8.10 per bushel. In Chicago only

small quantities are changing hands,

with hand-picked pea beans quoted at

$7.60@7.80; red kidneys at $7.



Seeds—Prime red clover $10.60;

Egg? $10.35; alsike $11.50; timothy at





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.——Jobbing lots _in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $11.50; seconds $11.20; straight

$10.90; spring patent $11.90; rye flour

$10 per bbl.



Feed.—-—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $41; standard middlings

$41; fine middlings $46; cracked corn

$55; coarse corn meal $55; corn and

oat chop $48 pe ton.



. Hay.——In carldtz at Detroit: No. 1

timothy $14.50@1 : standard timothy

$13.50@14; No. 2 timothy $10@11;

light mixed $13.50@14; No. 1 mixed

$13.50@14; No. 1 clover $12@12.50.



‘~ Pittsburg.—No. 1 timothy $16.50@17;

No. 2' timothy $14.50@15.50; No. 1

light .mixed $15@16; .No. 1 clover

mixed, $16.25@16.75; No. 1 clover

$16.75@17.25.





' balm! AND. POULTRY Pnooucrs.

. Button—Market is strong and high-

'er;‘W1tlh demand good. Creamery extras





\





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





431/2c; do firsts 42%0; packing stock

251/2c per lb.





The price based





 





‘ é





"r H" E Mil-c‘H‘Ie‘Ai





Elgin.—The tendency of prices. was

upward on account of ‘small receipts.

on sales is 440 which

is an advance of 10 over last week.



Chicago—A firm feeling exists and

prices are 10 higher. Demand is mod-

erate and supplies light. »Extra cream-

eries 440; extra firsts 43@43l/;’gc; pack-

ing stock 301/2@31c.



Pou.try.-Market is firm without

change. The demand is active. Re-

ceipts light. No. 1 spring chickens

24@25c; No. 2 do 22@23c; No. 1 hens

25@26c; No. 2 do 23@24c; small do

20@220; ducks 23@24c; geese 19@

220; turkeys 25@26c.



Chicago.—-The market is steady at

prices 1/20 lower than last week. De-

mand and supply are both light. Fowls

231/20; spring chickens 231/2c; ducks

17@23c; geese 13@15c; turkeys 12@

200 per lb.



Eggs.——Market steady with prices

%c higher. Lower prices are expect-

ed. Michigan fresh, current receipts

3114c per dozen.



Chicago—The feeling is firm but un-

usually high prices restricts trading.

Fresh firsts 30@31c; ordinary firsts 29

@30c; miscellaneous lots, cases in-

cluded 28@3lc.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.——Market firm with prices

unchanged. Baldwin $5@6; Spy $5@7;

Steele’s Red $7@7.50. At Chicago the

market is dull and unchanged; stock

shows effects of storage. No. 1 stock

sells at $3.50@6.50 per bbl; No. 2 at





~ $2.25@2.75; orchard run $3.25@3.50.





Potatoes.——Market easy and lower.

In carlots, at Detroit in sacks, Michi-

gan $2.50@2.60 per bushel; Wisconsin

$2.40. At Chicago no Michigan stock

was reported- Market is higher With

demand good for nice .stock. Prices

range from $2.65@3.15 per bushel. At

Greenville potatoes are selling at $2.80

@2.85 per bushel.





WOOL.





 





 





Grades required to fill government

orders had an unusually firm tone this

week, although all kinds of wool con-

tinue to exhibit the same strong mar-

ket that has prevailed the past year.

Prices show further gain, with quar-

ter-bloods unwashed selling in Boston

at 550. A lot of fleeces have been sold

in the middle west by local dealers di-

rectly to manufacturers. At Boston'

Michigan unwashed delaines are quot-

ed at 520; do combing 47@55c; do

clothing 44@46c per pound.





____________..——

GRAND RAPIDS.





 





Wheat advanced 9c as the market

opened this week, with No. 2 red quot-

ed Monday at $2.18, No. 1 white at

$2.15. Flour in sympathy is up 900 a

barrel. Oats are quoted at 72c; corn

$1.35; rye and barley $1.25. The egg

market starts off the morning after

Easter at 28@30c. Creamery butter is

one cent higher. , No great change is

noted in potato or bean prices. Pota-

toes retail here at 50 per pound, with

the wholesale price around $2.75.





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





The market was much larger than

a week ago, several loads of apples

consisting largely of the Ben Davis

variety, being'offered at from 80c@

$1.35 per bu; prices for other kinds

ranged up to $1.75; potatoes $3; car-

rots $1.75; onions 150 per bunch; eggs

380; loose hay moving very slowly at

$17@19 per ton.





________.____.__

LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





April 9, 1917.

Buffalo.

Receipts here today as foll

tle 120 cars; hogs 50 d. d.;

d. d.; calves 1800 head.

With 120 cars of cattle here today

the demand was strong from all the 10-

cal butchers and all the big packers,

and the bulk of all fat grades sold 15

@350 higher; a new top on heavy ship-

ping cattle, three loads landing up to

$13, and the bulk of shipping grades

going from $11.75@'12.75. There was

a strong demand for all fat bulls and

the bulk of them sold from $9@10.

Choice fat cows were very scarce, the

bulk of the best landing from $8.50@

9.50, although we ’had three extra

choice cows that sold up to $11, but

these kind is very‘rare. There was

a.” strong demand for stockers and feed-

ers, but very few here. We look for a

fair run of cattle next Monday and a

good strong trade on all fat grades.

We had a rather light run of hogs

today, markets all over the country

were excited and higher, and while

our prices did not show so much ad-

vance over the close of last week,ithe

difference in quality showed a strong





o-ws: Cat-

sheep 30





10@15c difference in price. A few se-





lected loads'sold at $16.40@16.45, with

the bulk from $16.15@16.35; pig and

lights $14.50@15;





the close and 100

tomorrow.





 





t





.,-





N . N ”Mm .:,





 





immW-





 





roughs $14.25@ 4.50.

Stags $11.50@13. Everything sold at

ks like a .good trade

With a moderate run of lambs today

our market opened active on handy

lambs, with prices steady with the

close of last week, and lambs weighing

over 85 lbs. very slow sale. About two

loads unsold and we look for steady to

shade lower prices the balance of the

week, depending chiefly on receipts.

We quote: Lambs $16@16.25;~ heavy

lambs $14.75@15; cull to common $13

@1550; yearlings $13.50@14.50; weth-

ers $13@13.25; ewes $11.50@12.50;

bucks $10@11; best calves $14.25@

14.50; common and light $10@13;

heavy $8.50@11; grassers $6@6.50.





 





Chicago. .

April 9, 1917.



Cattle, Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts today..16,000 34,000 15,000

Same day 1916. .19,375 57,543 14,295

Last week ...... 39,446 120,741 75,063

Same wk 1916..27,913 113,329 74,876

There is still another meager cattle





supply, and prices are generally at

least 10@15c higher, with a good de-.

mand. Hogs shot up 20@25c this

morning on active buying, with buyers

paying $15.30@16.20, and a later sale

was made at $16.25. Hogs received

last week averaged 211 lbs. Choice

lambs are largely a dime or more high-

er, with a small supply.



Cattle prices moved in an upward

direction during the last week as a

result of unusually light receipts at a

time when the general demand on local

and shipping account was unexpected-

ly good. As a poor trade had been gen-

erally expected for Holy Week, stock-

men marketed their holdings sparing-

ly, everything in the cattle line selling

much better, including the poorer of-

ferings, as well as the choicest beeves.

Cattle prices surpassed all past rec-

ords in the history of the market, with

the greater part of the beef steers

finding buyers at $10.40@12.75, while

the choicest heavy beeves sold for

$12.75@13.15. The top price was 200

higher than the best price of the pre-

vious week, with a good class of steers

crossing the scales at $12.15@12.70,

medium to good lots of short-fed steers

going at $11@12.10, while inferior to

fair lots of light-weight killers went at

$8.65@10.95. Good to prime lots of fat

yearlings were taken at $11.50@12.75,

and there was an active traffic in de-

sirable butcher stuff at advancing val-

ues, with cows purchased at $7.20@11

and heifers at $7@12, although com-

paratively few yearling heifers were

choice enough to go over $11. Cutters

and canners shared in the upward

movement, with canners selling freely

at $5.10@6.25 and cutters at $6.30@

7.15, while bulls found buyers at a

range of $6.50@10.25. Calves were in

the accustomed good demand most of

the week, with sales anywhere from

$6@14 per 100 lbs., according to the

weight and grading, the demand cen-

tering in a choice class of light veal-

ers. Small offerings of stockers and

feeders resulted in extremely high

prices for anything at all desirable,

and this caused slow sales much of the

time, While the boom in corn had its

inevitable influence in lessening the

demand. Stockers were salable at

$7.25@9.65 and feeders at $9@10.50,

with very few selling near the top fig-

ures. The advance in beef cattle was

anywhere from 25@500 for the week.



Prices forglambs and sheep have

fluctuated back and forth for a week

past with packers receiving large sup-

plies of lambs consigned from other

western markets to their Chicago

plants. On the whole, the market was

inclined to show weakness, the pack-

ers acting vigorously in forcing values

down. The inquiry for shearing and

feeding lambs greatly exceeded the of-

ferings, and prices for the best reach-

ed the highest level on record—$15.25

per 100 lbs. A deck of Colorado-fed

lambs went out as shearers, averaging

83 lbs., and a deck of 117-lb. bred

western ewes, heavy in lambs, went to

the country at a cost of $11.50 per 100

lbs. Declines in prices were apt to be

greater for clipped flocks than for un-

shorn lots, the dearness of wool ren-

dering it unusually attractive to kill-

ers. Closing prices were as follows:

Lambs $12.75@15.50; fat heavy lambs

$14.25@15.10; feeding and shearing

lambs $14@15: yearlings

wethers $11.50@12.75; ewes $8@12.40;

bucks .$10@11.25; spring lambs

brought $14@19, and shorn lambs at

$11@12.35. .,



Hogs Were boomed last week senSa-

tionally, the market advancing by

leaps and bounds, and prices made still-

further high records, causing general

surprise. . , ‘ ;





 





g" EGGS, li’l‘c.‘§;‘3§l_‘..°§“fil'?£i§'i§..i€3$

\. bring vo





 





‘ star to Dun or Bradstreet. Zenith





Automobile Insurance

' a Necessity '





The Danger by Fire, Theft and

Damage Claims Against the Own-

er of an Automobile Makes it

Necessary to Carry Automobile

Insurance to Covertheee Hazards.





The farmer and business man

should select the company with a

large and growing business prepar-

ed to take care of these claims

when they occur. The Citizens’ Mu-

tual Automobile Insurance Com—

pany has a membership of 18,500

members. The Company started at

the right time and had the first pick

of the careful automobile owner's.

With about $65,000 of assets, a

large and active agency force, with

a large and growing membership, it

is the only Mutual Company prepar-

ed to take care of damage claims

up to $5,000. The Company is now

on the third season, and has met all

claims promptly, having paid over

two hundred sixty claims.



Cost only $1.00 for policy plus 25

cents per H. R. Write





W. E. ROBB, Sec’y,





Citizenu’ Mutual Automobile lnouranco

Company, Howell, Mich.





 





 





 





 





$12@14; ,





' Hay





Truck

Gardeners





Attention!





25 acres early garden

soil near Detroit. All

buildings, including 90-

foot greenhouse in fine

shape—cabbage ready

for field and tomatoes

under way.





With or without tools

and horses. Enquire





Owner, 3096 W. Grand

Boulevard, Detroit,Mich





 





of 11198;;





   

 





 

 

 

 

 





, ' Every apple grower

- ' should have them. Help

. . . you to raise perfect fruit,

\ and shows how to keep trees .

\\ free from Aphis. Red Bug and ’



other soft-bodied sucking insects.

BLACK LEAF 40 kills by contact. Equally

effective when used separately or with

other sprays. Write at once. and get

Spraying Chart and Free bulletins.

Ill. Kentucky Tobacco Product Co.

Incorporated Louisvlllo, Ky.





Black Leaf4





40% Nicer/‘17s- '





 

 

 

 





 

 





   

 

 

   





   

   

   

 





 

 





 

 





 





 





Free





Carriage and

Harness

B O O K





This free ,

book i: e l I s ’

how our plan





Saves You

Cash ‘.

It shows 1917

P'





styles. io- ,.- ~ » "

tin-es 3nd describes biggest values. Don‘t buy 1



- carriage, sprln wagon or harness until you send

aPostal for SA ISFACTION B 0K.





Bend today to





Kalamazoo Carriage & Harness Co.

Kolamazoo. Mich. 509 E Willard St.





EC G ’ s

HAY 5"" T" The Old Reliable Haul.





Daniel McCafmy’I Sons.

623,625 Web-oh Bkh. Pittsburgh Po.





Con-inn your Hay to no. If you pro!“

to cell, dejcribe duality. quote





 





 





 





 





. /

We wantt new laid stoc‘l'xhand

can ay op noes or on.

AMER CARP BUTTER &

CBEES CO. Dctrolt,Mch





 





 





 





rrl I “true . Returns dav n

e vs .

Butter 3 I!“ 60.. I70 Dunno St.. New York. N.Y.





flea

your true? The E. l . Rlch 00..

_— Detroit. clot-once. your “3?:





 





+. .
' ed- Z15.60@15.75.

-- may stop Thursday,'closing strong.‘





,,_ .. .r...u..' .....“ r .





5 remains tits? abmaa.





 





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi—

tion will be sent on request at any

time. '





bETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





 





Thursday's Market.

,April 13,

Cattle.



Receipts 2480. In the cattle division

at the local stock yards this week. the

quality was good and the market very

active. On Tuesday they were. fully

15c higher than the close, last week,

but on Wednesday they eased off a lit-

tle and brought strong last week’s

prices to the close, which was active

on all grades. A few stocker buyers

were, on hand, among them 'W. C. Spic-

er, of Balding, who picked up a load

of good feeders. Good quality milch

cows were in active demand but the

common grades were dull, going to

canner buyers. Prices were as follows:

Best heavy steers 311651150; best

handy weight butcher steers $10@

10.50; mixed steers and heifers $9.256;

10.25; handy light butchers $8699;

light butchers $7.50@8; best cows

$8.50@9.50; butcher cows $7@8.25;

common cows $6@6.50; canners $5.25

(415.75; best heavy bulls 385069950;

bologna bulls 375069850; milkers and

springers $50@90.



Sande], S., B. & G. sold Newton 1’.

Co. 1 steer wgh 1060 at $10.50, 17 do

av 1233 at $11.65, 19 do av 1035 at

$10.60, 30 do av 892 at $9.90, 1 do wgh

980 at $9.25, 11 do av 803 at $8.75, 2

cows av 850 at $6, 1 do wgh 1030 at

$6.75, 3 do av 903 at $6.85, 2 canners

av 810 at $5, 1 bull wgh 1100 at $9,

1 cow wgh 1290 at $8, 1 do wgh 990

at $6.50, 2 canners av 900 at $5.25, 2

do av 780 at $5.75; to llreitenbecli

24 steers av 875 at $9.50; to Kamman

B. Co. 11 butchers av 830 at $9.35; to

Thompson 26 steers av 860 at $9.50;

to Bray 1 cow wgh 900 at $6, 4 do av

965 at $6.50; to Mason B. CO. 21 butch-

ers av 740 at $8.85; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 32 steers av 980 at $10; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 20 steers av 1087 at $11.50,

3 do av 780 at $10.15: to Thompson

25 do av 1060 at $10.75; to Mindick

Co. 2 cows av 1240 at $10, 1 do wgh

1260 at $10.50, 2 steers av 1080 at

$11.50, 2 do av 1170 at $11.50; to Ap-

plebaum 7 butchers av 550 at $7.10; to

Kamman B. Co. 18 steers av 1060 at

$11, 1 cow wgh 1050 at $8.50; to Bray

3 do av 1160 at $8, 4 do av 980 at $6.75;

to Mason B. Co. 5 butchers av 634 at

$8.35.



McMullen, K. & J. sold Bray 4 cows

av 847 at $6.25; to Hammond, S. & Co.

19 butchers av 640 at $7.85: to Cham-

sky 2 bulls av 1225 at $9: to Mich. B.

Co. 4 steers av 975 at $9.85, 15 do av

884 at $9.75, 2 do av 640 at $8.50, 5

butchers av 962 at $8.50, 4 do av 767

at $6.25; to Bray 1 cow wg‘n 1230 at

$9, 1 do wgh 1050 at $6.25, 3 do av

860 at $6.50, 3 do av 1107 at $8.50.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 1538. The veal calf trade

was dull and at the close was 750@$1

lower than at the opening early in the

week. Best grades $13; heavy $7@

8.50. Early in the week a few fancy

brought $13.50@14.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson 4

av 115 at $10.50, 35 av 130 at $13.75;

to Mich. B. Co. 20 av 140 at $14, 15 av

1:25 at $14; to Sullivan 1". Co. 23 av

140 at $14.25, 2 av 195 at $9, 8 av 150 at

$14; to Ratner 19 av 120- at $13.50; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 7 av 125 at 13.75,

1] av 135 at $13.75; to Shapiro 23 av

145 at $14; to Goodgold 10 av 137 at

$13: to Rattkowsky 9 av 150 at $14; to

Hammond, S. “0. 2 av 150 at $13.50,

5 av 104 at $10, 30 av 140 at $13, 2 av

160 at $13.50, 6 av 150 at $12.50, 16

av 135 at $13.25.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 679. There was a very



light run of sheep and lambs on sale

but evidently enough to supply the 10-

cal demand at the prices. The market

on good grades was 250 higher than

last week. Slow and steady on others.

Best lambs $15.50@15.75; fair lambs

$14@15.25; light to common lambs $14

@15; clip lambs $12@12.50; fair to

good sheep $11@12; culls and com-

mon $7@9.

‘ Erwin, S. & J. sold Thompson 24

lambs av 75 at $15.25; to Shllivan P.

Co. 5 sheep av 75 at $9.50; to Thomp-

son 30 clip lambs av 72 at $11.75.



McMullen, K. & J.sold Nagle P. Co.

22 clip lambs av 77 at $11.75”, 5 sheep

av 106 at $7.50. .





1917.





' H



Receipts 7015.

ment $16 was reached for the best

grades early in the week, but on Wed-

nesday they eased off and the mixed

grades were a big 25c lower; pigs hold-

ing strong, at 61350631375; good mix-

This was also the





 





' cot/ERNM'EN'T CROP AND LIVE





ogs. ‘

In the hog depart»





.STOC K REPORT.





 





A summary of the April crop and

live stock report for the state of Mich-

igan and for the United States, as

compiled by the Bureau of Crop Esti-

mates (and transmitted through the

Weather Bureau), U. S. Department of

Agriculture, is as follows:



Wheat.



State.——Condition April 1 this year,

80 per cent of the normal; ten-year av-

erage condition figures for April 1, 84

per cent.



United States.-——Condition April 1 of

this year, 63.4 per cent; ten-year aver-

age April 1, condition 86.2 per cent.





Rye.



State—Condition April 1 this year,

86 per cent; ten-year-a‘.‘erage April 1

condition 87 per cent. '



United States—«Condition

this year: 86.0 per cent; ten-year aver-

age April 1 condition, 89.6 per cent.



Hogs. _



State.——-Losses from disease the paSt

year, 2.5 per cent; ten—year average,

3.5 per cent.



United States—Losses from disease

past year, 4.87 per cent; ten-year aver.

age, 6.78 per cent.



Cattle.



State.——1.osses from disease the past

year, 1.2 per cent; ten-year average,

1.6 per cent. Losses from exposure

the past year 0.3 per cent; ten-year

average, 0.6 per cent.



United States—Losses from disease

the past year, 1.94 per cent; ten-year

average, 2.00 per cent. Losses from

expOsure the past year, 1.45 per cent;

ten-year average, 1.44 per cent.



Sheep.



State—Losses from disease the past

year, 1.8 per cent; tenvyear average,

2.8 per cent. Losses from evposure

the past year, 0.4 per cent; ten-year

average, 1.1 per cent.



United States—Losses from disease:

the past, year, 2.17 per cent; ten-year"

average, 2.45 per cent. Losses from

exposure past year, 3.28 per cent; ten-

year average, 3.06 per cent.



Horses and Mules.



State—«Losses from disease the past

year, 1.4 per cent: ten—year average,

1.8 percent.



United States—Losses from disease

the past year, 1.69 per cent; ten-year

average, 1.94 per cent.



Prices.



The first price given below is the av- .

erage on April 1 this year, and the sec—

ond the average on April 1 last year.



State—Wheat 107 and 103 cents

per bushel; corn 105 and 75; cats 59

and 42; potatoes 235 and 88; hay

$10.60 and $12.30 per ton; eggs 37 and

19 cents per dozen;



"United States.———\Vheat 180.0 and 98.6

cents per bushel: corn 113.0 and 70.3

cents; oats 62.0 and 42.0 cents; pota-

toes 235.0 and 97.6 cents; hay $13.05

and $11.78 per ton; cmton 18.0 and

11.5 cents per pound; eggs 26.0 and

17.9 cents per dozen.





 





i

i





 





 





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





Wheat.—-—-The condition of wheat on

April 1 in the state was 82, in the

southem counties 78, in the central

counties 81, in the northern counties

92 and in the upper peninsula 98. The

condition one year ago was in the state

78, in the southern counties 73, in the

central counties 82, in the northern

counties 89 and in the upper penin-

sula 98.



The average depth of snow on

March 15 in the state was 4.49 inches,

in the southern counties 0.40, in the

central counties 1.35, in the northern

counties 8.85 and in the upper penin-

sula 23.15 inches. On March 29 the av-

erage depth of snow in the state was

1.33, in the southern counties 0.01, in

the, central counties 0.06, in the north-

ern counties 0.70 and in the upper pe-

ninsula 15.79 inches. The number of

days’ protection to Wheat by snow, in

the state was nine, in the southern

counties three, in the. central counties

seven, in the northern counties 20 and

in the upper peninsula 28.



In answer to the question, “Has

wheat during March suffered injury

from any cause?” 198 correspondents

in the southern counties answer “yes"

and 68 “no,” in the central counties 73

answer “yes” and 41 “no,” in the north-

ern counties 2? answer “yes” and 92

“no” and in the upper peninsula 28 an-

swer “no.”



The total number of bushels of

wheat marketed by farmers in March

at 85 flouring mills is 109,380 and at 70

elevators and .to grain dealers 88,947

or a total of 198,327 bushels. Of this

amount 159,650 bushels were marketed

in the southern four tires of counties,

30,090 in the central counties and 8,587-

in the northern counties and upper

peninsula.’ - . ‘



The estimated total “number of bush-

els of . wheat marketed in the eight ‘

months, August-March, is 7,000,000.



(Continued on page 503).





 





 





THEMICH IGA N FAR M BR





April 1] "





     





 





   

 

 

 

 





It’s Now Ready

for You





 

 





 





 





 

 





When thousands of farmers make a record . in



of their practical experiences with tractors. » I“ 11;, d

gwmg facts and figures of qctualresults, detail \ .. . er

costs of operation for plowmg, discing, cultivating. Pubh‘h“,





harvesting, listin , threshing. can she ling. hauling. etc., tho

record is‘a valnab e_ one for every prospective power farmer to own.



The Award of Merit," appronimntelya two-pa volume, is the biggest and ~

most comprehenswe book of its kind eyer ubiishec because all its information is based on new” “5501“ or

practical operation under every oonoelvnb e do





   





ii condition of every crop operation. The story of





Alel





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is told. too. Why it is the most powerful 8- low tractor in the world—«why it does all farm work. from

plowing to haryestmg-why it uses a “Crew er" drive instead of o wheel—«why it takes only one man to

run it. and the Implement together. and a host of other tractor facts you ought to know.

GET YOUR corv now _



The edition of the"Awnrd of Merit” Is not

large, so avoid disappointment by writing for I

copy today. It will open your eyes on the tractor

proposutlon -— and open them to your profit.

ACT—NOW!





JOLlET OIL TRACTOR CO.

185 Benton Street Joliet, Illinois

GEO. A. EATON. Lansing. Mlolllun





   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   





Guaranteed to Burn Kerosene

The Most Powerful 3-Plow Tractor in the World





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





An Extraordinary





Silo Sale





We have purchased the lumber and hoops of

the Saratoga Silo (Jo. (bankrupt) and are ship-‘

ping it to our Rutland factory Where. every

stave will have. the same careful inspection that

has made Green l\lountain silos famous. The

lumber is of fine quality, dry and well milled,

of Wisconsin Hemlock, New England Spruce

and a little White pine.





One hundred silos only will be equipped with

Genuine Green Mountain Door Frames and

Doors and sold at before-the-war prices. Write at

once as this advertisement will not appear again.

We pay freight on this sale.





THE CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO.

400 WEST 5r, RUTLAND, VT.





 





 





 





 





 





? ' file aniline





‘rAmBANKs

.Scale 1000 lb. Size





Large Platform- ‘



Wide Wheels ., .



When you weigh on a .



Fungi/1133.3 S c a: e ..



you on guess 1. ’s



right"—-you know. 3 - "



Mllst scalesbarte egg/{1e}? . ‘ ’ . ‘



w ennew, u a-» .- .



BANKS _s!ays correct, 50“ “’0 $510. $12.50 '



because it has Both Prices F. 0. B. Chicago '





Steel to Steel Bearings and Arrow-lip Beam *'





Go go Your Local Dealer—seethe scale and you'll



guild A reputable deletertselimgfa repiatalrlo scale oer-

m y is a s rong com nna ion. you on c no



local Fairbanks-Morse dealer, write us. k w m P .





FAIRBANKS. MORSE Us 60.. Chlom





‘i‘lf it’s weighed on a

FAIRBANKS

there’s no argument"





   





 

 





 





   

 

 

 

   





b





 





"“i "-7

‘ d‘W ’





l





- :.';:::’~ 1

f _,

. " > «flag a}





/





 





2’





 





 





 





 





 

 





.. ‘.!i ..~ , l

. .‘henew modell m “voodoo. All noel frame: low

Iced table: pooltlve safety device; automatic feeding:

6mm blower that Ilmply can‘t clot and can be mutated

to height of silo; malleable knife heads: but tulle adjust-

ment. Holdl record for limpllcity. safety. clean cutting and

acct. capacity. Write for catalog allowing ten sizes.

vain“ detaill and explain how and W the .“Gehl Gm nos, MFG, CO, '

"EM“ W““‘°d“* ill MWwSkWutMM





Silheuahn
1v. .45. lawn. - ,i x .. mule-,2 ‘ "





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Columbia





Batteries

N O. 6





[GNITOR





“mud Sept-rub" OIL [am





As with

your motor-

boat, so with

your tractor,

auto or sta- Y L].

tionary en- " -

gine—for de-

pendability

use Colum-

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4011“" FOR “JP-ion





cum IGNITION





National Carbon C0. Manufactured-

eleven... omo NAIIONALCARBON co.

wflsmk spring-clip blnd- cuweum 0.01110 '





posts. no extra charge.





 





 





 





There’ 5 Money

in Honey





Most of us know something about this

honey-money and most of us appreciate the

value of bees to the orchardist; but what so

many of us don’t know is the positive enjoy-

ment to be gotten out of bee— keeping; the

simplicity of it, and how very little it takes

to make the right kind of a start. Write for

SPECIAL OFFERd Where YO“ ”VG

doesn’t matter——

TO BEGINNERS how much or how

little space you have available for hives

doesn’ t matter—nothing new even about

pounds of delicious, ready- selling honey

from small backyards.

If you already have the bees working for

ytotéilyou ’ll be interested in the advantages

0 e





Root Double-Walled Buckeye Hives





Keep the bees warm in the winter—no mat-

ter what the outside temperature.



Send for

COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG





of Root bees and bee- keeper supplies—tools,

clear glass Jars, honey-comb cartons, section

honey boxes and shipping cases, etc.





THE A. l. ROOT CO.

Medina. Ohio





 





W H IT E. Poultry Cholera

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The 4 most efiicient and

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all dlurrlleal diseases of poul-

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losses 90%. Acts quickly and surely.

RecommendedlryEx-psrim entStatmns. veter-

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sizes. Ask your druggistor veterinarian, or

sent postpsid. Money bsckif not. satisfied





Valuable Poullry Booklet Free

An Interesting booklwe “Common Di-

seases 0 Poultry,’ prevent and

cure them. will be sent absolute] y FRE E

on request.

we mm Linohnonms

4758 Bevenswood Am Chicago. Ill.





 





World’s Champion





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Both are made of l n

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Incubator is cov-

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‘ Iron: has triple walls. ,_ ,

' copper tank. nursery. ’ '

tester? thermometer, read to





in. if ”shrew Now *‘

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When writing to advertisers

please mention the Michi-





irgan Farmer.





THE M 1 c R 1c in T g ARM m





hatching it is well to remember



that the early pullets will begin

laying in the fall when fresh eggs are

high and scarce at any price.

hens have either been marketed at

that season or they are still moulting

and this means that the income from

poultry must come largely from the

pullets.





The Time for Hatching.





The Mediterranean breeds mature

early and should not be hatched before

April 15 or they may begin to lay too

early and then moult the first year.

The period of laying can partially be

controlled by the feeding method.

Forcing for eggs is not desirable, espe-

cially if the birds are to be retained

for breeders during the following

spring. Birds that mature too early do

not show the yigor of those which are

allowed to make a natural growth. The

American breeds do not mature so

quickly and the pullets should be

hatched earlier to insure a fair produc-

tion of eggs in the fall.





As soon as the pullets and cockerels

can be easily distinguished they should

be separated if the best results are

desired. Cockerels to be retained for





y IN starting out with the spring





' 1.9.1”? .2.._.. “Lynch”?





Practical Metrod of Ventilating Coops.





breeding stock should be allowed to

range and the balance of‘the males-be

given a fattening and quick growing

ration to develop them for the broiler

trade. Generally speaking, the early

broilers bring the best prices as there

is less competition early in the season.

Pullets that do not appear suitable for

breeding stock should be fattened and

sold. The more culls you can clean

out early in the season the more will

you be sure of future success. In ad-

dition the money received from this

young stock comes in very handy at a

season when there are few other crops

ready for marketing and the feed bills

for the young stock may be rather

high.

Give Pullets Free Range.



Pullets should not be compelled to

run with the old stock. If only half of

the birds can enjoy a free range it is

best to fasten up the mature birds and

give the pullets the best possible en-

vironment for their development. An

old hen will become too fat on the pul-

let’s ration and the pullet will not

thrive if fed on the same feed which

is given to the old hens. Furthermore

the hens will fight the pullets and re-

ceive much more than their share of

the feed. I do not believe in forcing

pullets for early egg production but

think that vigor should be encouraged

above all other points. It follows that

a young bird of_ good breeding will lay

well if she has the strength to make

egg production possible. The pullet

that lays too early because of forcing

rations does not have time for proper

development. Plenty of good hard

grain and the green food and insects

obtained on a range will make a profit-





 





able hen out of every vigorous pullet





.e-m-“ni‘W—C-M‘w.m.wsmkuu—‘_-"xvi-wan A... .. .. .. .





The old '





Early Pullcts Profitable





that is allowed to develop naturally.



Without early pullets there will be

few eggs to sell in the fall and early

winter and this is a time when eggs

are of great assistance in keeping up

the farm income. Watching incubators

and “fussing” with setting hens some-

times becomes rather irksome, but a

flock of thriving pullets on November

first well repays for the trouble early

in the spring.





Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





A VENTILATED COOP.





One of the chief problems in poul-

try culture is to provide healthful con-

ditions in the coop. The essentials of

such conditions are cleanliness, venti-

lation without draft, and freedom from

dampness.



The accompanying illustration shows

the method used by Irving A. Leslie,

of Ionia county, to solve the ventila-

tion problem. By this method there

is no draft and the coop is so free from

dampness that no frost ever gathers

on the walls in the winter, and the

birds are so well protected that no

combs have ever been frosted.





The opening at the top with the

straw pack is to act as a filter for air

and to absorb whatever moisture

there may be in the air. In the sum-

mer the straw pack can be removed to

allow a, freer circulation of air and to

keep the coop cool.



To make base for straw pack, nail

strips from front to rafters about two

and a half inches below the opening.

Then place slats lengthwise on these

strips about. two inches apart. Pack

straw in lightly.



Both upper and lower openings

should be covered with one-inch wire

mesh. During the winter the lower op-

ening should be covered with cheese-

cloth.



The drop roof in front is to protect

the upper opening and also to keep

the rain from the windows. The win-

dows are hinged at the top so that

they can be opened in favorable weath-

er. The windows should be 14x26 inch-

es in size and there should be one to

every eight feet of length of coop.



The sides and back of coop should

be air tight and the roosts and drop-

pings board should be near the back

wall. A door is permissible in the side

if it fits tight.



Mr. Leslie’s coop is nine feet high

in front and five f€€I high in back.

The depth of the coop is fourteen feet.



This, method of ventilation is prac-

tical for any'length of coop. If the

coop is only twelve feet long the up-

per opening should be six inches wide

and the upper one sixteen inches. If

it is sixteen feet long the upper open-

ing should be eight inches and the low-

er one twenty inches.





HOW TO RAISE GOSLINGS.





Goslings are very easily raised after

one becomes'familiar with their habits

and understands their wants and re-

quirements. Almost every normal gos-

ling hatched should be considered one

raised, as their hardest part is in get-

ting through the shell.



In setting goose eggs, it is a wise

plan to set several hens at the same

time, so that all will come out at the

usual time and then my method is to

put them all with one hen. This is im-

portant, since it saves time and a great

deal of extra labor, building coops and

removing them. As soon as the gos-

lings hatch, they are taken from“ the

hens and all placed in a. warm lined

box or basket and kept in a comfort-

able place for one or two days, after

which they are given over to the best

setting hen. It requires twentyceight

to thirty days for goose eggs to hatch,

this depending sometimes on the variv

ety and the method of hatching. While





'should be about two feet.





, at least.





we have an incubator, and this is used 3





almost exclusively" for hat’ching' chick-

en eggs, yet I have never had a satis-

factory hatch of goose eggs'in this

manner. The eggs are cared for in

the same way as the chicken eggs but

do not seem to hatch out for some

reason.

Keep Goslings Protected.



The hen and goslings are put in

good water—proof coops so they will be

comfortable and warm. We donot use

bottoms in our coops as board floors

are an injury to goslings. l have fenc-

ed in a run around the coop." This is

made by stretching up a low wire net-

ting all around, the heighth of the wire

The coop

and runway must be removed often

and I am very careful to see that it is

placed on a. dry, grassy spot, and

where it is somewhat shaded. The

strong hot sun rays will prove fatal

to young goslings unless they have

some shade. The most important thing

in raising goslings is sanitation inside

the coop where they remain for the

night. This must be kept dry and

clean at all times in order to raise

them successfully. During cold rainy

spells, I keep them shut up as they

cannot stand the cold and dampness.

This precaution is absolutely neces-

saw as long as they have their downy

coat, but when they become thorough-

ly feathered they can stand almost any

kind of weather and are as hearty as

any other fowls. The goslings are kept

on a nice grassy runway for at least

four weeks, the coop being moved very

frequently.’ After this period they are

allowed to be out on free range.



Feeding Goslings.



The feed for goslings is also an im—

portant matter. For the first few days

they are fed a good chick mash or

sometimes I make a mash of fine corn

meal and 'middlings mixed with milk

or water. Whole grain must never be

fed while they are young. The mash

is given regularly four times a. day, it

béing placed all around evenly on a

clean board. I supply them with plenty

of green food at all times. If grass is

scarce I substitute with some kind or

another of green forage. Lettuce, on-

ion tops, etc, are all good for goslings

and they eat them up with a relish. It

must be remembered that they are

great foragers and green food is abso-

lutely essential. I am careful never

to feed too much grain as they will not

relish the green food and an over- -feed

of grain is sure to result in leg weak-

ness.





We keep plenty of fresh water be-

fore them at all times and fix the

drinking vessels so that they can get

only their heads in, otherwise they will

paddle and swim around in them, mak-

ing the water filthy and not fit to

drink. Coarser grain can be fed as the

goslings grow older, after which time

they are only fed twice

and at night.





Another thing of importance is in

having at hand a generous supply of

grit. It is essential that the goslings

have free access to coarse sharp sand

or something in the grit line of this

sort. Water fowls need plenty of grit

and in order to grow them successful-

ly they must be well supplied at all

times.





The goslings should be treated gent-

ly, as they are easily disturbed, and

rough treatment and poor care will

result in. loss of growth and vigor, both

of which are so essential and of im-

portance. The best plan is to have

only one person feed them and care

for them until they are partly grown

Young goslings must be kept

separate from the older birds at all

times. . ~.





Besides being easily raised they are

a source of profit on almost any farm

and they will not consume as much

grain as the average farm fowl and

they are greatly in demand of late, es-

pecially in the larger eity markets.



Penn. Mae-E. O. sworn”:





day, morning ,





o‘~





.—





521’ifi-rfii‘r‘x'hWv‘w.m.~.«. . .
i .1





 

   





Sol"l





, OWS.





.The same patch might





 

   





ng t

ANY poultrymen are seriously

debating the question as to

whether they shall hatch .the

usual number of chickens this year. It

is true that no other-teed buyers are

hit quite sohard as chicken growers,

for we cannot keep‘hens without buy-

ing grain. The dairyman can curtail-

when prices are high or feed more le-

guminous forage. We have simply got

to have wheat, corn and oats for our

fowls. What. then, can we do to les-

sen the cost of producing eggs? Of

course, some can meet the difference

in cost of production by finding better

markets, This cannot fully overcome

the raise, however, and we must adopt

some other means to make up the de—.

ficiency in profits.



The surest way is to raise more feed

for the birds on our farms and in our

back yards. This may seem rather

vague to many poultry keepers but the

chances are good for us to lessen the

teed bills materially it' we go about it

intelligently. Few of us will care to

undertake the raising of wheat for the

hens, yet those who have farms may

find it profitable to look into the mat-

ter. in the near future. Well informed

students of the food question tell us

that we may never see. wheat back to

the prices of past years. Many things

conspire to boost grain prices and it

may be possible for poultrymen, who

keep a few hundred hens, to raise

wheat more economically than they

can buy it. .



Grow Oats and Barley.



Oats and barley are grain crops that

can be produced with a minimum of

labor. Both are valuable for the poul-

try. The latter can be substituted to

a considerable’extent for wheat in the

scratching ration, while ground it

forms a valuable part of the mash.

Both of. these cereals may be grown

in soils of ordinary fertility and the

crop is pretty sure. Sewn in early

spring the grain is ripe in summer. It

may be cut with an ordinary mower

and handled like hay from the mead-

It desired give the grain to the

birds, straw and all, as there is no

better scratching litter. Another crop

that furnishes good feed for the hens

is buckwheat. This may be planted as

late as July and a crop be grown.

Buckwheat does not require a soil rich

in plant food. Many of the fields on

our old farms will produce a fair crop

of this grain. Ground with other

grains, buckwheat fills an important

place in the ration.



Of course, everybody should grow

corn. If you have room, grow enough

to last the flock the entire year. Hen

manure, dropped in the hill or drill, is

a valuable fertilizer for corn. We know

a backyard poultryman who leased a

vacant house lot and planted it to Gol-

den Bantam sweet corn. After selling

all he could for roasting cars, when in

the green stage, the balance was al-

lowed to ripen and fed to the hens.

have been

planted to field corn and much more

feed for the hens have been pro-

duced.



Vegetables of Good Feeding Value.



We have been experimenting for

some years with various vegetables

and fruits produced on the farm to as-

certain their value as feed for the

poultry. As a result we are convinced

that many vegetables. considered of

little account, are of actual value if

fed properly. For instance, pumpkins

and 'squashes have been fed to a con-

siderable extent and so far as we could

see. the hens laid just as many eggs

as those in another pen that were fed

according to the book. The vegeta-

bles should be steamed (not boiled)

imtil soft and then cooled and mixed

with bran and corn meal. No water

Was used in mixing the mash. Meat





, scrap. and salt Were fed in the mixture.

I - lathe:





 

 





 





same—proportions they were led





 





exact the hens fed on the pumpkin

mash laid a few more eggs than those

in the other pen. Pumpkins and

squashes can be grown in the back

yard. The former may be had from

August to midwinter, while squashes

will keep until spring. At the prices

the latter have been selling for this

‘winter, it would scarcely pay to feed

squashes to the poultry. Pumpkins

are seldom of much value to sell in the

market, however. Vegetables such as

carrots, turnips and potatoes may be

boiled and fed in the same manner as

pumpkins. Apples that are not mar-

ketable are also appreciated by the

birds. Cabbages and beets are of

known value to serve as the succulent

part of the ration. By all means grow

plenty of greens for the hens during

the coming year and as large a part of





the grain ration as opportunity

affords. . '

New Hamp. C. H. CHESLEY.





 





HINTS ON RAISING CHICKS.





Here is a discovery I have made be-

cause my chick feed was delayed in

the shipping. As a substitute I found

that the old-fashioned, dried sweet

corn, cooked, and enough wheat bran

added afterwards to make a dry mash

makes a good feed. A good way, when

drying the corn is, with a sharp knife,

split each row before scraping from





10. H IGA 1.,





1... Poultry Feeding Problem





‘ to the hens 'given th‘endry fash. To be





 





r A .1; Emma; ‘

saveYour Chkks-FREE





Send two names to The Wi ht Company,





25 Main, Lamoni, Ia. andt ey will send .





you enough IOWITE Chick Tonic absolutely has “to

save forty chicks from White Diarrhea. This remark-

able icons preventative is guaranteed to save nlnzig

percent of every batch of chicks. It has helped 10,

poultry rnieors save their chicks and make mere

money. It is certainly worth while to write The Wight

00.. for this wonderful chick saver.





POULTRY.





Homestead Farms





Oilers tested thorohred poultry; Stock that. with





natural and convenient care. will give

gin-u the \gntgr; $0055 at.

as given cg t m e 'inter

Ihmm‘d just passed.





P I. I P H Our poultrryd stock lsbnll (El-cc

[ac I“ on mnlo. no 313' a exce t roe lug

__ __l’ pen-l. In W inter our ens are In

Colony Houses holding 30, 50.100,

140 andlfil) fowls--boused as suits oonvenlence. as the

average former will house his fouls. they are bred

to natural farm conditions and will lay with the care

that the farmer can give.

During the past Winter 0 have been shipped reg-

ularly to Chicago families— arm products direct do-

llvery. o ofler;





Day-Old Chicks and Hatching Eggs





Single Comb White Lechornc



Slngle Comb Brown Leghorn:



Single l‘omb BuflI. horns (Limited).

Single Comb Black norcns



Boned Plymouth Rock.



White Plymouth Rocks



Bull Plymouth Rocks (Limited).



Rose Comb Rhoda Iclnnd Reds



Wblto Wynndottl



White Pekln and Indian Runner Duck lug.

boy-Old Duckling.



Gee-e Eggs



White Holland Turkey Egg-



Homeutead Farms is demonstrating the moral and

economic value of federated interests: it is making

poultry a profitable form stock to the farmers of its

own immediate vicinity.



It you want Red Blood Practical Poultry that will

give eggs in Winter as well as in Summer. buy 011!‘

stock which is bred toconditions under which you can

yourself conveniently keep poultry.



We quote you prices and ire our own experience in

our descriptive circular w ilch we will mail to you.

Will you send for it?





HOMESTEAD FARMS, Bloomingdale, Mich.





Good stock; fine layers. 30

Anconas “3.32.50 as 100. e. on...

now. '1‘. z. RICHEY, LT





CANNE ONJNDIANA



DAY-OLD CHICKS

of quality guaranteed to 1,500 miles. Eggs for

Hatching at low prices. Bar. Rocks. S. C. W. Leg-





 





 





the cob, this makes it finer. Any of

us can afford to do this for the sake

of having corn for baby chicks.



Sprouts from the cabbage and tur-

nips in the cellar are good for relishes

for the chicks.



On a large scale the sweet corn

might be cooked, then dried on the

cob, shelled and ground coarse, then

swelled 'or fed in a granulated form.

I believe green sweet corn an ideal

chick feed.



One of the reasons for the high cost

of living is that we have gotten into

the habit of buying everything for our-

selves and stock, ready mixed, when

we have the ingredients right at hand.

If we just awoke to the realization

that the use of a little thought and in-

genuity will enable us to cut down

considerably the high prices we have

imposed upon ourselves.



A good drinking pool for baby chicks



is made by filling a cup with coarse

sand, then fill with water, and by oc-

casionally a finger into it and refilling,

you have a regular outdoor puddle

where they can get sand or water, and

never more than wet their toes. The

sand makes the cup or pan heavy

enough to prevent tipping and wetting

their brooder yard.

, Still another thought on hatching

artificially. Many suppose they must

have a cellar to use incubators in, and

that they must use nothing but the

best of oil. Carefully cleaned and ad-

justed lamps, proved to me I could

keep the heat very good with perfec-

tion oil. Brought out a fairly good

hatch recently with incubator in a

shanty when it was ten to thirty be-

low zero outdoors. Of course, I had to

keep fires nights. It is more work

where conditions are not the most fav—

orable, but the chicks will be worth

more as early hatched chicks are sure

winter layers.





Lake Co. Anion F. KELLEY.





 





It is usually recommended that one

cock will serve twenty birds among

the Mediterranean breeds and varie-

ties. Of the English and American

classes, not more. than fifteen is the

rule, While among the Asiatics, eight

or ten is quite enough. Sometimes in

the last-named class one will find a

cock of exceptional vigor that will

cause the hens to break down unless

ten or even a larger number are mat-

ed to him. .





horns. S. C. and R. C. Reds, W. V‘Vyandottes,

Bull and W. Orpingtons. Chlcklet catalog free.





GOSHEH POULTRY FARMS, R-19 Goshon. Indiana





Baby Chicks and Hatching Eggs





From Bred-to-lmy Barred Rocks. S.(?.Wbito Leghornu

nnd8.0. BulfOrpingtons. All high class stool: at yer)

reasonable rit'es. Send furOl‘ll Chick Folder at once.

RUSSELL ULTRY RANCH.





BABY CHICKS AND EGGS





White, Brown Black Leghorns. Barred Rocks. H.1-

Rodc. Bred for high egg production. Circular free.

Book orders early. Sunnybrook Poult ry Farms. HI:lsdnle.Mit-h





Cheaper than hatchingeggs. We

Baby ChiCKS speciallzein Logliorus. Rocks and

Red». Send for catalogue. Twentieth Century

Hatchery Company, Box 162. New Washington. Ohio.





 





Petersburg. Mich.





 





ARRED Rock hatching eggs from prize winning

stock. 30 eggs ‘2; 50. 83; 100. $5.50. Order from me.

Sam Strudel. - - Chelsea, Mich.





CHICK





mu POOL“! EHIS I IIAI'CIIEII.





 





Rocks Reda.0 i loco.

Wyandqttol, fisher“

Bestlaymg strains. Ship

ovonwhon. Pritel righ:





Dept. 16. 'IIFFII. DWI.





' 50.000 8.0.Whltc and Brown Le horns S



III), chlck‘: 810.“) er100.390.00per 1.000.811 enrrinI

guaranteed. Also overs and Brooders. Catalogue

rec. Wolverine Hatchery, Box 2221. AeelandJlit-h.





 





IOHN'S big beautiful hen-hatched Barred Rocks,

.30 005%.13 ‘ers. Breeding pens (5 birds) 310 to 5'1). Eggs

‘ I ‘ l





EGPS FRO“ STRAIN 'lth

Bagreg l'Rofilb‘s : retioldst to 2197 eglgs n 'ea‘l.l $3

per . a were ' are H . re ai . .i

tron. Fred Astling.) Son‘stufilneyhlfi'h. rcu u





FEHIIIS WHITE .LEIilIOIlNS





Great layers Pullers, hens. breeding

males; eggs for hatching: day old

chicks; from hens laying 200 to 264

3333. Prices low. quality guaran-

Frce catalog and price list explains all.





. $7.01 rculars. hotoJolm Nortlion. Clnro.Mich.





 





 





 





 





teed.

Write for it.





Goo. B. Ferris, 934 Union. Brand llaptds. lllcll.





 





 





 





Harrell Plymouthllock Egg: 323‘ $23 “if“ 2532';





winning strain. . A. Barnum. Union City. Mich,





and Baby Chicks. Four Pull t.

93"“! Rock [1588 Layed I550 Eggs in one refit“.I

W. 0. Oonman. . 8. Benton Harbor. Michigan.





“ZOO-Egg” PedigreeWhiteLeghoms





Baby Chicks, Eggs for Hatching

"Brod-today" strain. vigorous, healthy stock, all sired

bv Missouri Experiment Station males with pedigrees

of 200 to 274 eggs in onc'yeur. Chicks, 82') for 100. 8100

{01'5“}. Eggs for hatching, $10 for 100. Thousands of

satisfied customors. Book your order at once for

eggs for hatching and baby chicks of quality. a

sell Magic Breeders. best brooders made. $18.50 each,

300 to 500 chicks. Catalogue. Michigan

Lansing. Mich. "Michigan'-





capacity

Poultry Farm.

Largest Poultry Farm.





LAYBILT 8. 8. W. LEGHDRNS





large. Great layers, Pure While





Proved 9 type from likg ancestry. Not the, ”Beet in

the )Vor ," but None etter for beauty and laying

ability. Laybllt Leghorns mean either betterqnality

at the same price or the same quality at a less price

Selected hatchlnn 0438.31.50 per 15.Parcol Postpaid:

$5 per 100: 9 '96 fertility guaranteed. Strong Day-Old

Chicks. ‘12 per 100 Guaranteed delivery alive and

Evorfresh Egg Farm,





 





lively. lonln. lch.





S. 0. White ieghorns





We have about 40 S. C. White Leghorn cock birds

for sale. These males are from 200 egg strain and

are oflerinfi‘them for each. Also about 200

fine April etched pu ets at a. great bargain.

Eggs for hatching March and April $5 per 100.

We will glady give reierences on all our sales.





KREIIIEL 8808.. III: 624. Elll laminnglclI.





 





 

 

 





   





7 7274499 _





-\





‘.





THE musics muons





“Lays and Lays Profitably" . _ L

.V 1301'. Egg Production. Langovily





1000 hens no breeders on free range.

Hatcbln Eggs 82.00—1 . $10.00 per 100.





Baby Cb ckc 83.75—1- , $20.00 per 100.

Fertilized eggs—full count and safe arrival of chicks

' guaranteed.





CAVANAGH POULTRY FARMS

Route 3, Lansing. Michigan. U. 8. .

“so years Experience—‘Insurcs Quality."





dill'erent varieties. free boo let.

ltmort Hatchery. Fteeport. Michigan





' pure bred Youngs 8. (l. W. Leghornn

38b] muck: and P. B. Rocks, 8 cents and lap. (lotu-

loguo free. ll. Knolls Hutchery, Holland. ich.. R. 3





, rod W i

FOR SALE P‘iié’abugs dflfilfdfil‘fi‘

CHAS. ILETZLEN. BATH, MIUH.





cmcxs. new“ ‘3»- .... .._

‘ c





F ' 9 End Rocked: am now booking orders fore

"I ll’ 8 at $1.50 for 15. as for so. 34 for 50.31 for on.

Pen No. l. 84 for 15. Also one 2 yr. old White Bol-

land Tom. B. B . Fowler, Hartford. Mich.





HATC‘HING Egg- trom my B. (l. W. Leghorn: utility

750 per 1'5. If you want to raise some prizeEvvinneru

send $3 for 15. White Line Poultry Farm. Hills-dalmlllch.





Burr LEGHORNS Pentagram-.328"-

Dr. William A. Smith. Petoubum. Mich.



t R. . B I. i

E G G S Irigrxfiftl‘gfdllnflgfitraigsinrx'mnerigg





Also W. China Goose and M. Pokin ducks.

MRS. CLAUDIA BETTS. Hllbdnlo. Mlchlgnn





Eggadagrmflandoiles. Effhfiml‘s‘ilioh‘fi. ‘itll’





EGGA on. Mann-n. uloul





My Young‘s Strain S. C..Whlto

INN". '0”. WWW Imghorns are rear. money

makers. Stmng.vigorous. bred-to-layfiutoc .Babyt-hicks

$8 to 31] per 100. Satisfaction guaranteed. Largeordeya filled.

Fm catalogue. W. Van Appledorn. Holland. Ilch.. 1LT. Box Ml.





Lillie Farmstead ‘Poultry

B. P. Rocks. 1%. I. Rods. “’hlto Leghornl. Eggs for

hatching. 15 for 81.00, 26 for $1.50. 50 for $2.50.



COLON C. LILLIE. - - - , Coopenvillo, Mich.





M ORBE'B “’hite Le horns. State Cup winnen.Bretl

for eggs for years. ow oellir g eggs. chi: and stock.

Free catalog. Rufus Morse, Beldlng. Mich.





- o ' c -

Pine Crest S. C. White .fiiudlgtifif

an and 3 per 15. utility 38m por 100. Mill}. “11.1.5

ROUGH. Pine Crest Farm. BoynlOak. Michigan.





PURE BRED POULTRY 353:..‘Vm9n'fi'ggg

Brahmas. '1 can Houdans. Eggs for hatching from





“him “’yandotts and Single Comb Rhode Island

lieds. Mrs. B. (l. Banfield. Owcndalo, Mich.





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to 351852 to ‘5; P.}{. hen.

weight 5 to ll) Ibs.. eggs 1" for $1.00: 100. $5; 120. $8.

Mammoth Bronze Tom 'l‘urkoys. 8 to 88lbc. according.

to age 36 to $25. 10 eggs 34. .‘l. E. Crsmlon. Vnunr. Mich.





' Both Combs. Dark Red.

ll. I. llctl Cluck: and Eggs. win... 1...... 3..., h,

more Michigan farmers than any other-strain Catalog.

free. Interlakes Farm, Box 39. Lawrence. Mich.





 





Red . R d 8' l

lloso Bomb liliotle Island Com“... E“.§'§.."s’i..r.o 3.151%

afterFeb. 1:3. Jennie Buell. Ann Arbor, R. 8., Mich.





Eggs and (lhicks. Pure bred

Ru and So (:0 Rods. stock. Also good Scotch 00L

lie Pups. 0. E. Howley, Ludlngton. Mlch.





RUDE I. Whites win in the egg layin contest. Best

'6 g and market foul. Eggs $2 mr 15, . lper 45.Bahy

(‘th o. . Jump. Jackson. ichigan.





BVCd'l _l S. 0. IV. Legliorns and Barred Rocks.

0 at, Egg-s. $1 for 15. sun for a. 32.50 form.

Alpine Pou try Farm. R. 2. “mild liapids. Mich.





BR E1) to lay. S. (l. ‘Whitc Leghorns, from best ms in

Mich. Eggs. $1.50 per 18, ‘8 per 100. Chicks 50 per

100 delivered. Leon C. Wheeler. Barryton. Mich.





S. 0. BUFF ORPINGTONS





Bred for Heavy Laying 16 years—My Strain

World's Greatest Egg Produeers. Eggs and Chicks.

Cir- Free. Will Schadt, 30:10:31, Goshen. Indiana.





s c w Leghorn Eggs for Hatching. also breeding

-_ I - stock. If you want Leghorns that u ill lay an

wm write us. “Hill-Crest Poultry Farm." Ypellnull. Mich





ROSE Comb Rhode Island Rod. E go for hatching.

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mating ‘2 per 15 eggs. Ridgulsn lied l-‘ann. Vassar. Milli. ll.‘





 





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sired yaltllbmocl: bird. R. W. Mills. Saline.hiich..





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$.91th lager“: Baby chicks 15¢ each. Hatching

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E; Grange.

WIIHIHIIIIll“IIIIIIIIUIHIMWIWIMIIHIWE





Our Motto:-—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





llllllflilllllllllll





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.



Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.



Lecturer—Dora. H. Stockman, Lan-

sing.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.





Executive Committee.—Jas. Helme,

Adrian; Geo B. Horton, Fruit Ridge;

J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W. F. Tay-

lor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh, Sault Ste

Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimondale; Burr

Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





NEWAYGO POMONA MEETING.





Newaygo County Pomona Grange

met with Ashland Grange on March 7,

with a fine attendance. W'ord had been

passed around that State Master John

C. Ketcham, of Hastings, would be

present and the hall was well filled.



Notwithstanding the fact that we

were greatly disappointed in not hav-

ing State Master Ketcham with us,

owing to a. misunderstanding in re-

gard to trains, at very interesting pro-

gram was rendered in charge of P0-

mona Lecturer George R. Warren.





' Elmer McKinley opened the discus-

sion of the question, “Shall we Pro-

hibit the Sale in Michigan of all

Slaughtered Cattle Less than Two

Years Old?” The consensus of opinion

was that such a law Would do an injus-

tice to the small dairyman as well as

to hundreds of other farmers and that

it would not be practicable in Mich-

igan.



The next question, “What Are the

Conditions that would Make the Cen-

tralization of Rural Schools 3. Sue-

cess?” was by far the most important

subject discussed during the meeting

as three districts in and near Ashland

Center are agitating a consolidation.

Discussion was opened by Joseph Zer—

laut and County Truant Officer I.

Houlding. This was freely discussed

by the members and the unanimous

opinion was that “Centralization is a

good thing for the small districts. It

is better to combine all the schools in

a township than to have only three

in the union. Good roads are a neces-

sity so that auto trucks can be used.

Pupils would attend school more reg-

ularly and those living at a distance

would have the same advantage as

those living near by. From a moral

standpoint it is worth more than mere

dollars and cents, to have pupils home

evenings and not loitering along the

way. The time is coming when all

rural schools will become centralized.”



Robt. McKinney opened the question,

“Which is the Most Profitable for this

Community, Beef or Dairy Breed of

Cattle?” He said in part: “There is

not much difference in the profits. It

is merely a matter of choice. I like

the Durham better than the Jersey

breed because they are good milkers

and they also make good beef. I do

not. believe in specializing in any one

thing.” Roy Stuart favored the true

dairy breed and told of three cows in

his herd which netted him $75 each

per year. “With a dairy breed the in-

come is every month for several years

but when a beef is sold that is all

there is to it.” . -~



Elmer McKinley gave a talk on,

“Which is the Most Profitable for a

Period of Twenty Years, Fruit or Gen-

eral Farming?” Where the location is

favorable fruit pays the best but for

less favorable locations, dairying and

general farming would probably be

better, depending a. good deal on the

man. “



Roswell M. Hall gave a talk on





 





“Shall we Favor the Proposed ‘Bone—





Dry’ Prohibition Law?” From the en-

thusiastic applause which was given

to those who took part in the discus-

sion of this question, it was clearly ap-

parent that the Grange, is “Bone Dry"

in sentiment.



A short business session was held

and reports from the different Granges

show the following membership: Ne-

waygo 150; Ashland 127; Ensley 123;

Fremont 88; HeSperia 68; Sitka 40;

Lincoln 30; Big Prairie and Hawkins

not reporting.





The music and recitations furnished

by Ashland Grange were very fine and

greatly enjoyed by all, as was also the

bountiful dinner, to which all did am-

ple justice and with more than passing

interest. It was a regular Grange

feast, which is the most that anyone

can say in the way of commendation.

-Roswell M. Hall, Secretary.





KENT POMONA HAS FINE MEET-

ING.





Kent County Grange held at success-

ful meeting with South Lowell Grange

at Alto Thursday, March 15. The fore-

noon meeting was opened by an ad-

dress of welcome by Mrs. Earl Curtis,

lecturer of South Lowell Grange. The

response was given by Clayton John-

son, Master of Bowne Center Grange.





This meeting was one of profit, both

socially and mentally. The young mas-

ter of South Lowell Grange, Dale Cur-

tis, should be complimented on the

large number of young people in his

Grange who so willingly help.



Reports from the different Granges

throughout the county showed a gain

in membership, also a renewed inter-

est being taken in Grange work.





At the afternoon session Bro. Fred

Aldrich gave an excellent paper on

“What Legislative Measures Would

Make Farming More Profitable?” Bro.

James Helme who was the state speak-

er, gave a fine talk on “Co-operation

and Organization.” In part he said:

“All business men organize, and the

object of organization is to bring about

our comforts. It’s the middleman who

gets the profits; organize and cooper-

ate is what the farmer should do and

prepare his products for the market.

And why shouldn’t the farmer prepare

his own products for market, that is

the object of co—operation. The farm-

ers are organizing co—operative cream-

eries so they may be able to care for

their products.” He advised the farm-

ers to organize co-operative stores, co-





operative. live stock shipping stations,-





and form farmers loan boards and

packing plants to care for their

products. The object of the Grange

was organization, without it no class

can expect to get any place. 1



Mrs. Davis, chairman of the W0-

man’s Suffrage Association of Grand

Rapids, spoke and asked that a chair-

man be appointed in each local Grange

in the county to look after this matter

in the Grange. It was voted to have a

chairman appointed in each Grange.



In the evening Bro. James Helme

spoke on the objects of the Grange.

The first object was organization. In

part he said the farmer is the most

important factor in the community,

.for he is the producer of wealth, social

life depends on the community and the

young people. The Grange teaches the

broad brotherhood of man. He showed

great riches are not essential to hap-

piness, told how labor produces wealth

and the way to distribute wealth was

that every man should have all he pro-

duces by organizing our farmers and

make legislation.





An invitation was received to hold

the August rally at the Brewer farm

at Plainfield. This invitation was ex-

tended by J. H. Skinner, manager of

the farm. The invitation was accepted.



The next meeting of Kent County

Grange will be held with Alpine

Grange on June 7.——Mrs. R. S. Cole-

man, Secretary.





-ElllllmlllIlllllillllilIllfllllllllll]llIll"Inllill!illllilllimllllllllillllllllfllllllfl'llfliflmmlg ‘





' A...





l





E‘Farmers’ Clubs;





filfllllllfllflfllllflllll|lllllllllllmlllllllllllllHIHIIIHI”11HNIllllllllfllllfllfllllllfllfllllflflflllllula





Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





 





Associational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer's most valuable

asset."





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations."





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





A St. Patrick’s Meeting.—The March

meeting of the Indianfields Farmers’

Club was held at the spacious subur-

ban home of Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Black,

which was profusely decorated with

green and Shamrocks, the place of hon-

or being accorded a miniature thatch-

ed cottage, orie of the kind where





“They put the pig in the parlor

And that was Irish too.”



St. Patrick color scheme was also

carried out in the cake decorations

and ice cream, which finished a dinner

served by Mrs. Ethel Mudge and a

corps of able assistants that left noth-

ing to be desired in quantity or quality.

With Vice-president J. H. Paul in the

chair the program opened by all sing-

ing “It’s a Long Way to Tipperary,”

followed by the usual opening exer-

cises. ‘



Roll call was responded to by each

member giving the name of a. promi-

nent Irishman, or telling an Irish story.

As some of the Club were born on the

“Ould Sod” and others trace back

their lineage thereto, there were many

humorous incidents related.



Mrs. Robert Park led in the discus-

sion on the “Value of the Fireless

Cooker.” She had found it would cook

almost anything, but would not bake

pancakes. Mrs. R. W. Black said the

problem of the Sunday dinner for the

housewife who wished to attend morn-

ing service was solved by the tireless

cooker.



Mesdames W. A. Mudge and C. A.

Taggett gave a piano duet, entitled

“The Sieighride,” responding to an en-

core with “The Irish Washerwoman,”

with comb accompaniment. The “Cause

of the Migration from the Farm to the

City” was discussed by Ellen C. Purdy

and W. L. Eldredge; the former after

giving some of the excuses of the mi-

grators, advised her farmer friends to

stick to the farm, at least during the

high cost of living period. Mr. El-

dredge pictured the long hours of the

independent farmer, against those of

the city workers, with their evenings

free to attend lectures and entertain-

ments. Mr. E. Carson said, “Some who

had left the farm attracted by the high

wages in the city, found the dollars did

not go very far there and were moving

back; farmers must get away from the

idea that they have to work from sun

to sun, and then some.”



J. N. McAllister thought that farm-

ing has the greatest future of any bus-

iness, and was enthusiastic over the

prospect of a county agent for Tuscola.





Our clerical member, Rev. "Joseph

Fox, was asked to substitute for an

absent lady on the subject of “Success

in Poultry Raising.” He responded

with several egg and chicken “yarns,”

beginning with the hen who question-

ed as to the decimation of her flock,

said there had been a Methodist Con-

ference in town at which several of

the family had entered the ministry.”





Miss Martha Purdy read a short pa-

per on the life of St. Patrick, who con-

verted the Irish, and banished snakes

from the Emerald Isle.





The Club then sang “The Last Rose

of Summer,” which was written by an

Irishman. It was voted to form a. crop

improvement association to raise pedi-

gree seeds. R. W. Black was delegat-

ed to write the Agricultural College

about making the necessary start. The

question box had its usual complement

of queries, wants, and for sales. Miss

Willetta Higgs sang “The Wearing of

the Green,” and responded to an enthu—

siastic encore with “A Little Bit of

Heaven, Shure they Call it Ireland.”



Then the many autos rolling out of

the yard onto the icy roads, with their

jolly passengers, did not seem to indi-

cate that farming is ‘a. failure—Ellen

C. Purdy, Cor. Sec. '- ,





\
t





 





 





 





 





 

 

   





 





 





 





Ls. Pennies tennis F63

_Hoes





 





(Continued from first page).

Training the Pigs to Consume Forage

* Feeds.



‘ There are some things which should

be home in mind in order to secure

the best results while using forage

feeds for hogs of all ages. Pigs are

like other animals, creatures of habit.

They have to learn to like rape and

should not be expected to eat it as

readily at first as they will after they

have become accustomed to it. Pigs

have to be trained to eat alfalfa hay

as they do not care for much of it at

first. The appetite for alfalfa and June

clover hay seems to grow on them

after they become accustomed to it

and then they can use it in moderate



quantities twice each day.



In my'own experience I have made

use of sweet cernstalks as a soiling

crop for pigs of all ages. If they can

not be turned to pasture l have found

that they relish sweet cornstalks all

the summer, fall and winter.



There is a large number of plants

which can be used to not only help the

pigs along in their growth, but will

promote the health and increase the

possibilities of large profits in pork

production. The merits of pork meats

are so well known at the present time,

and the demand for them is likely to

be good in the future, I think we have

reason to believe that we will not see

low prices for (hogs for some time to

come. It is now up to the producers

to meet the demands of the consum-

ers. We hope to see a more liberal

use of forage crops made than in the

past, not only to make larger quanti—

ties than can be produced without

them, but the quality of the meat can

be improved and the possibilities of

greater profits to the producers can be

greatly increased.





_____..___._——

FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.





 





Grains to Use with Self-feeder.





i expect to keen about 60 spring pigs

to feed this summer; they will come

the first part of April. I have four

tons of salvage consisting of oats,

wheat, rye and barley, and four or

five tons of shelled com. I expect to

feed with a self-feeder. Would it pay

me to buy tankage fbr them, and how

much would I need? What does tank-

age sell at? Or do you think it would

pay better to buy middlings at $43 per

ton? The pasture Will be rape and

clover.



Isabella Co. J. S.





While excellent gains can be secur-

ed from the grains mentioned on clo-

ver and rape pasture, experiments

have shown quite conclusively that

somewhat more economical gains are

made where tankage is fed under the

free-choice system, with corn and oth-

er grains to pigs on pasture. As an

average in these experiments not more

than ten per cent of the entire grain

ration has been consumed of tankage

by the pigs where they have had free

access to same.



In feeding salvage grain and corn,

however, it is probable that the corn

will be more palatable to pigs than the

salvage grain, and it may be necessary

to mix these feeds or to feed the sal-

vage grain first and the corn after-

ward, or vice-versa. The best method

of handling this problem can be deter-

mined by experimentation.



There would be little difference in

the value of middlings and corn at the

price mentioned, and if you have not

enough corn on hand to finish the pigs

to the desired weights, middlings

might be profitably added to the ra-

tion, although they could not .be used

-as a concentrate to balance it as could

tankage, for the reason that middlings

have about the right nutritive ratio for

growing pigs, and will not supply an

excess of protein to balance the~ carbo-

hydrates in the other feeds. During

the early part of the feeding period,

however, middlings would add to the

wariety of grains and probably aid in

range " . more ~ profitable results.





 





Tankage, like other‘feeds, has advanc-V





ed materially in price, but is still the

cheapest source of protein for balanc-

ing a. ration for hogs.





 





INTERCROPPING WITH TURNIPS.





 





Dairymen and other live stock men

who have no silos can provide an abun-

dant supply of good succulent feed for

cattle and sheep next winter by mixing

cow-horn turnip seed with their clover

seed when it is sown in oats or barley

this spring. The turnips come on late

in the season and filling in the spaces

between the clover plant's cause no in-

jury whatever to the clover seeding.

They may be gathered and stored in

the fall for winter use. The hard, flrm

nature of the turnips causes them to

keep well in storage. They are relish-

ed by nearly all classes of live stock

and can be fed to milch cows without

any bad effects, if fed immediately af-

ter milking and the milk has been re-

moved from the barn.



This method of supplying succulent

feed has been found very practical by

a number of’ Michigan farmers. The

cost of the crop is low. The only ex-

pense is the cost. of the seed, which

is slight, about twenty cents per acre,

besides the harvesting and storing.

This practice is recommended highly

by A. M. Berridge, of Greenville. Mr.

Berridge and his father operate a large

dairy farm at Greenville, and have fol-

lowed this practice for several years.

Mr. J. F. Quinlan, of Petoskey, says

that be harvested this year over forty





 





tons of

than $2.00 worth of seed. He mixed

cow-horn turnip seed with half of the

clover and alfalfa seed sown with oats

on twenty acres last spring. He says

he could see no difference in the stand

of clover where turnips were sewn and

where they were not. As stated above

he harvested over forty tons of turnips

and still left as many or more in the

ground.



Besides furnishing a good source of

succulent winter feed, the cowohorn

turnips add humus to the soil if allow.

ed to remain and decay, and by the

nature of their growth tend to mellow

the soil, thus proving of considerable

value under some conditions as an im-

prover of the physical condition of the

soil. Cow-horn turnip seed should be

sown at the rate of four ounces per

acre, when thoroughly mixed with clo-

ver seed. Succulent feed for all class-

es of live stock tends to make the ra-

ti'ons more palatable and keeps the di-

gestive system in good working cond-

tion, causing the animal to make bet-

ter use of his feed than he would if

the succulent feed were lacking. Thus

succulent feeds like roots and silage

tend to make the ration more efficient

and consequently cheaper, besides ad-

ding nutriment to the ration. By this

method outlined succulent feed may

be supplied cheaply.



‘ J. A. WALDnoN,

Agent in Dairying.





 





A short time ago an Illinois stock-

man had six carloads of fat hogs of su-

perior quality on the Chicago market

which sold well. He said he had 500

fat cattle left, half of which were al-

most ready to ship to market, with

hogs following them. He purchased re-

cently, he added. 3,000 bushels of corn

at $1 a bushel, believing it would pay

by stock feeding. ‘



Although stockmen who understand

the business thoroughly have been

making satisfactory profits all along

for months past in feeding high-prices

corn freely to well-bred live stock, the

average stock feeder has not had

enough confidence to do so, and the in-

evitable" result is seen in the small

proportion of we fattened - cattle

shown in the Chi go stock yards ev-

ery week. How high corn prices will

soar ultimately is an interesting ques-

tion with stockmen, as well as with

farmers generally, cash sales of No. 2

white corn having been made on the

Chica 0 Board of Trade quite recently

at $1. 3 per bushel, while at the same

time cash lots of No.’ 2 white oats

brought 66% cents and cash lots of

No. 2 red winter wheat sold for $2.17.





cow-horn turnips from less ’





 





 





   





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SEED POTATOES





Northern Grown disease free. Write

John V. Harrison. Secy., Munton Potato Gmwem’

Association, Manton, Mich.





 





 

   

   





 





Choice Seed Oats for Sale

I have a supply of fancy white seed outs for sale at $1

a bushel. Send your orders before in angrily is gone.

R. E. SMITH. LeRoy, lo gun.





 





15 H. P. Second Hand fifiagflg‘fldgfiffil .3313}

The Dighton Grain 00.. Dighton, Mich.





F t Proof Wakefield cabbage plants 30¢ per hun.

[‘08 dred post‘gaid. $1.50 per thousand entire-I col.

loot. O. J. 4i 0. 'haloy. Martin's Point, P. 0,. S. O.
«riser! "matrix-3.13""! was:





M.» .33“





Wm..~gfiw'§fe 4.. A”.





 





' 562.40





 

 





 





1





arm: “14, 1915'. - .





 





 





 





In S. C. White Leghorn cockerels, Ram.-

bouillet rams, Hampshire pigs (either

sex) and Holstein bulls. A good chance

for a small investment to reap the bene-

fit of a large expenditure of capital and

years of expert breeding.





Flanders Farm, Orchard Lake, Mich.





 





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





Bulls by BLACK QUALITY ITO. sire. First prize.

Breeders and Gulf Herds Mich. State Fair 1916. We

also won first on Exliibi tors Herd. Jr. Champion Bull.

Jr. Champion Female and Grand Champion Cow. Also

breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle Horses.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. IONIA. MICH.





 





FOR SALE Gusts?“”ariazisamd





Geo. Hathaway a Son. Ovid, Mich.





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Average yearly production 422.3 lbs: of fat. three

fourths of them making their records as two year

olds. By the use of a pure bred sire. a big im-

provement can soon be attained if the right

selection is made. The breeding of the Beach

Farm Herd is as good as can be found, and we

guarantee them to be free from contagious dis-

eases and to be satisfactory in every way or

utiloney refunded. Write and let us tell you about

t em.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE,





Coldwater, Michigan.





- ' 8275 F. 0. 13. our cit .

lleglsiorad Gusmsoy Heller H... s... .3 o... g.

Pauline B ottswood. who has an A. R. 0. record over 800

lbs. fat. 8 e is bred to aMay Rose bull. whose dam has

an A. R. 0. record of over 500 lbs. Has been bred about

four months. J. M. WILLIAMS. No. Adams. Mich.





of service age and calves from

Guernsey Bulls choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS. Route 1. Bottle Ceeek. Mich.





GU E R N S EY S3“U%‘¥%§E%EEB

Containin blood of world chain ion .

HICKS' OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. 8V. 8.. Mich





l f .

GUERNSEYS flit 32‘... 5.3% $133. $363.?





GEO. N. CRAWFORD. - - - Holton, Mich.





Swigartdale - H olsteins





Our herd average 1916: 11000 lbs. per cow in.

eluding 6. 2 yr. olds. All of our cows have A. R.

0. records averaging 21 lbs—mostly made as 3 or

4 yr. olds.





For Sale—Bull calf born Aug. 6. ’16. Sire Maple-

crest Korndyke Hengerveld (having highest

yearly record backing of any sire in the

world). Dam Katie Pearlina Cornucopia,

139689. He is % white—beatifully marked——

straight top lines. very growthy and will be

ready for limited service by September 1917.

Agrand individual. price - - — - . 150





Bull Calf—Born Oct. ‘24. ‘16. Sire G. & B- Segis

Ulrica Pledge No. 108790. Dam Hambden Segis

Bessie No. 225929. This is a very t-oDDy calf.

straight. masuline and most perfect dairy

type. Dam has a 21 lb. record as a 3 yr. old.

This calf will provetobe half the value ef

your herd if you raise your heifer calves.

Price------ -------$100





Also several younger calves from high producing

dams.





Lest We Forget—Home of the greatest show herd

of Berkshires in the State. A fine lot of open

and bred gilts. also boars of servrceable age.





SWIGARTDALE FARM

PETERSBURG. MICH.





 





Purebred Registered

H O L ST E I N

C ATT L E





A Cornell Unlverslt test proves the value ofa

purebred Holstein [ml in grading u aherd of

ordinary cows. A cow three quarters olstein. in

45 weeks, produced 11.693 pounds of milk contain-

ing 413 pounds of butter-fat. and another three



uarterhlood Holstein cow. in 48 weeks. produced

1 .574 ounds of milk containing 430 pounds of

butter at. A purebred Holstein bull isone of the

most business-like investments a farmer or dairy-

man can make. There‘s big money in the big

“ lack and White" Holsteins.





fluid for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Bookisis





l‘lie Holstein-Friction Association oi America

F. L. Houghton. Sec’y.. llsx I“. Iraiileboro. Vi.





“TOP NOTCII” noisrrius





Man years of carefull management and systematic

han ling of our three large herds find us the breeders

and owners of a row that heads one of the only eight

combinations of three direct generations of thirty

und cows in the I.‘nited States.We have young bulls

or sale sired by a son of this great cow. The blood of

this cow in them. combined with that of other great

animals of the breed in our herds. would insure most

leasin results in almost any herd. McPHERSON

ARM CO.. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms,

BREEDSVILLE, MICH.

Have Some Fine Registered Stock For Sale





Holstein V Bulls





Ito 9 months old. Dani's A. R. 0. Our herd sire is





Johanna McKinley. Soils ad. .7 nearest Dams aveh





$027.3 BLISSVILDT FARMS. Jenison. Mich.





 





of superior breeding and individuality from 30 to 33 lb. sires or bred to such,

some carrying 62;-% of the blood of the new 50.68 lb. cow. Achance to get foun-





dation stock. Catalogs April 12.





 





producers.





H. W. MUMFORD.

OWNER





 





 





Jerseys and Duroc Jerseys





The most important thing in buying a Jersey bull is to get one backed up by generations of high





Brookwater offers to sell a few choice bull calves of this kind.

The . are selling—get yours soon. Also Duroc Jersey Fall Boats ready for spring service. Full

particu are and price on application. Better yet, visit the farm.





BROOKWATER FARM

Ann Arbor. Mich., R. 7.





Mark B. Curdy, Secy., R. 6., Howell, Mich





 





O. F. FOSTER.

MANAGER





 





 





 





10 HOLSTEIN BULLS at FARMERS’ PRICES





Sired by Long Beach DeKol Korndyke. His sire Friend Iiengerold DeKol Butter Bov.

Pontiac Aaggie Kornd ke. She has a. 1200 lb. record, 11-30 lb. sisters. 3-1200 lb. sisters.



Friend Hengerold De ol Butter Boy has 1000 lb. year record.

AUGUSTA, (Kalamazoo, (30,.) M ICH





LONG BEACH FARM,





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





From a grand daughter of The Ki 3 of tho

Pontiaos. Sired by a bull that is more i. an a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a30 lb. 6% 5 fat dau liter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more lb.

daughters than any other living bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





Holstein Calves, 10 heifers. and 2 bulls 15—16ths pure.

,5 weeks old. beautifully marked.82i).00 each. crated

for shipment anywhere. Edgewood Farm.Whitswator.Wis.





REG. HOLSTEINS: Herd headed b Albina Bonto

Butter Boy No. 93124. Dam’s recor at 6 yrs. butter

28.53 lbs. milk 619.4. Yearly record at 2% yrs. butter

802 lbs. milk 18622 lbs.W. B. READER. Howell. Mich





Cluny Stock Farm'





100 REGISTERED HOLSTEINS 100

THE MILK AND BUI IER KIND



Five splendid bull calves sold since January lst. 1917.

Only three more ready for sale at this time. One from

a sire whose dam holds sixth highest yearly butter rec-

ord. One from a sire whose three nearest dams aver-

age 30.6 lbs. butter and 658 milk in 7 days. One from

a son of Colantha Johanna Lad whose 7 nearest dams

average 28 lbs. of butter and 587 lbs. milk.



Write for pedigrees and prices.





R. BRUCE McPHERSON, HOWELL, MICH.





OAK LEAF FARM

Herd Sire

Ypsiland Sir Pietertle De Kol

Service bulls all sold. Buy a calf and raise it. Fine

individuals 4 and 5 months old. E. H. Gearhartdi

.Son, Marcellus, Mich.. R. No. 4.





' ' Young bull ready for service.

"ISISIGWI "OISICIM- 30 lb. breeding. Satisfaction

guaranteed. W. B. Jones and J. F.Luts. Cohoctsh. Mich.





REG. Holsteins. Place your order now for a bull calf.

I have cows due to freshen soon. bred to the best

bull in Mich. Elmer E. Smith. Redford. Michigan





REG. Holstein Bull. ready for service. Sired by a.

, liulf-brotherof World's Champion cow. Send card

for pedigree & price. E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.





! ' Oii' . A.R.O.

Psrham s Pedigreo Slock Farm goerstrgfn 00...,

Male Calves. Show Bull ready for service no akin to

cows, priced $125. R. B. PARHAM. Bronson, Mich.





842 Lbs. BUTT ER





Is the average of the semi-official records of our herd

bull sdani (at 2 yrs. ), his grand-dam (at 3 yrs.) and his

great grand-dam. Three choice young bulls from A. R.

O.dams. Herd tuberculin tested annually. Holsteins

of course. Peaceland Stock Farm. Three Rivers. Mich.

Chas. Peters. Herdsman. C. L, Brody.0wner. Port Huron. Mich.





WINNWOOD H E R D





John H.Winn. Inc., Holton, Mich.

Reference: Old State Bank. Fremont, Mich.





Have for sale 6 Mapleerest Korndyke Hengerveld

Holstein bulls. One 12 months: one 6 months; one 2

months. all out of . O. dams. One made 19 lbs.

butter in 7 days as a Jr. 2 year old. Another 21 lbs. in

7 days as a Jr. Byear old. Also have five others. same

breedfrom 2t06 months. Must sell at once. need the

room. Our prices will surprise you. John H. Winn,

Bolton. Michigan.





1200-“). Bred Young Bulls





Their sire. Maplecrest DeKol Hengervcld. We oil'er

one born Feb. 12. 1916. out of a 21-lb.‘ cow from sister

to 32-1b. cow. His grandsire is sire of the famous

Banostine Belle DeKol, 1322.93 lbs. butter. 1 yr. Write

for pedigree and price.

HILLCREST FARM, F. B. Lay, Mgr..

Kalamazoo. Mich.





I

In Hand Young Holslom Cows For Sal.



I want to sell as soon as possible. TEN GOOD YOUNG

cows. Most of them are bred to “The Milk & Butter

Champion’ 3. son of a worlds Recordimilk cow and his

sire is a son of a worlds record butter cow. We will

have more cows than we can milk this Spring. 80 this

is vour chance to'get a few good ones. Also have bull

ca ves and a few bulls ready for service. _



L E. CONNELL. - - - - Fayette. Ohio





' Bull calf nearly white. Sire: Colantha

HOISteln Johanna Creamelle Lad. Dam: Segis

Aggie Hengerveld De Kol. Write GEO. D. CLARKE.

Vassar. Mich.. for photo and price.





Holstein and Guernsey llsiier and Bull Balls:





Choice selected promising dairy calves.practicall pure

Holstein and pure Guernsey. but not registers . nice

color. $20.00 each. all express paid to any point.



MEADOW GLEN . Whitewater. Wis.





FOR SALE Reg. Holstein cow. 10 yrs. old.



due May 1st. has better than a 1911)

record at 4yrs. old. Price $200.00. Chas. 1. Cook.

Fowlerville. Box 438. Michigan.





OLSTEIN COWS: bred yearlings and calves for

sale. Every cow has produced a vigorous calf dur-

ing year. 0. L. Hulett & Son. Okemos. Mich. .





F‘ s I. olstein bull calf. dam A. R. O. 24.13. 4 yr.

or a o d. Price 860. Reg. and Del. One from un-

tested dam 830. J. R Hicks. St. Johns. Mich.





O O ’

Registered Holstein fflfi‘i‘i‘. Ssggfafiai‘lb‘?

sires. Priced to sell. Fred J. Lange. Sebewaing. Mich.



Reg. Holstein Friesian Cattle

Illllilaiiil Herd Herd average 12000 lb. mi Ilk

each. John A. Rinke. Warren. Mich.

'11 hi '

(in our Easy Payment Plan gymnasieizi





Holstein Bull calf in our stables.‘ Prices from!!!) up.

Ypsilanti Farms. ‘ Ypsilanti. Michigan





 





 





Dam a daughter of

. er dam. a. daughter of

Has 4-30 lb. Sisters, 3 sisters above 12(1) in year.





$175 Buys your choice of two Reg. cows bred to a 3?

lb. grandson of “King of the Pontiacs." Cal

contracted at $100 if heifer. B. B. Reavey, Akron.lMioh.





2O Hereiords fi‘flnxifi’a’t’gs

EARL C. MCCARTY. Bad AXC. Michigan





HEREFORDS





Both sexes and all ages for sale, our herd com-

prises about l00 head representing the blood of

such sires as Prime Lad 9th. Perfection Fair-

fax. Bonnie Brae 3d and Dale. Write us your





wants.f

ALIEN “05.. PAW PAW. MlCll.





 





 





 





 





   





 





Get Rid of the





“Boarders ” -





Do you keep cows or do they

keep you? Do you know

which are earning a profit and

which are merely paying their

board? One community increased the average

net profit per cow 129% in a few years by testing.

Cows from regularly tested herds sell for more





money and so do their offspring. Knowing beats

g‘uessingin dairy work. Get our free booklet,

What is Accom lished by Testing Cows" and





learn how to buil up our herd from animals of





known production. very farmer should read

this booklet. It’s free. Senda postal. today.





The American JerseyCattle Club

346 West 23d St. New York City





 





F0 R SALE Twenty-five Jersey cows,

. . two to en ht years old.

Eight registered. balance high grades. Excellent pro-

ducers. guaranteed right. Also some bred yearlin heif-

ers. registered and high grades. Also some fall eif‘er

calves from above stock. Good reasons for selling. Bell Phone—

Hadlcy. P. 0- Metamora. Mich. R. l. C.E. Hodgson. LII. Riley.





from high-producing dams. 'th



l‘r‘ey BU“: Ior sale testing Asso. records. alsduon

semi-official test. 0. B. Wehner. B. 6. Allegan. Mich

for sale. ready for service. Out f



Jersey Bulls good producing dams. Prices riglit.

B. B. FOWLER. Hartford. Mich.





JERSEYS FOR SALE 3223?”???





service from R. of M. ancestors. Meadowiand Farm.

Waterman a Waterman. Packard Road.Ann Arbor. Mich.





Hill SALE ilElilSlEllEll JERSEY BULLSv





Readafor service. Write your wants.

SMITHdt PA KER, R. D. No.4. Howell. Michigan





FOR SALE Yearling Jersey bull from regis-

, ter of merit stock. HILLSDALE



FARM JERSEYS. Great producers. ' '7



C. & 0. DEAKE. — - - Ypsilanti. Michigan





 





 





 





 





 





Maple Hill Farm llogislmd lemy Callie

Stock under 2% years all sold.

J. R. Worthington. R.‘ No. 7. Lansing. Michigan





 





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R

.0! M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale. Colon 0. Lillie. Ooopersville. Mich





. .

The Wildwood Fa rm

Breeder of LIKIO bred Majestystrain of Jersey Cattle.

Herd on R. of i. test.Tubercu in tested. Bull calves for

sale. Type 8t Production is our motto. Alvin Bullion. Capac. Mich.





Shor‘i‘iiorn Callie oi both Sex ior Sale





. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





~ Bidwall Shorlhurns





“For Beef and Milk”





This heifer at 6 months has bone.

size and quality—Our own breeding.

The blood of Scotch bulls, Imp.

Shenstone Albino and Imp. Villag.

er Registered stock always for sale.





BlllVlELl 8106K FARM.





Box B. Tecumseh. Michigan.





RICHLAND SHORTI-IORNS





Sires in service. Village Archer and Albion Crest 1st.

grizeZ year old and Junior Champion at the Mich.



tat Fair in 1916. We offer a number of young bulls and

females for sale. Also some Aberdeen-Angus bulls of

serviceable age reasonable prices. Write your wants.

Tawas City.Mich.C. H.Prescott a Sons. Prescott. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





r Francisco Farm Shorthorns

Big Type Poland Chinas





i “The ’re rugged—They pay the rent."





othing for sale at present.

. P. P. POPE R. R. 3 ~ Mt. Pleasant Mich.





 





   





“I fill -Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

. 0"“ ages for sale at [armors prices. 0. W. Crum-

Sscy. Cont. lick. Shorthorn‘, lrosders' Assn..‘ lclrids. .lich.





OR Sale—Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton

Monarch 2nd. a son of Avon ale. from 11 (o 13 mos.

old. John Schmidt. Reed City. '3. No; 5. Michigan.





Y b lls d f :-

Slim-thorns For Sale ”it“; h... m:.:.

heifers. W. B. MoQuillan. Howell. Michigan.





 





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY. ’ . ‘ " ' I * . ‘ " I aluminummnmmImmlmmumumuinnunlumunmnmnmnmmmmnumnmun



' Change of Copy or Cancellations _must reach us S E VILE N T H A N N U A L V S A L E E ‘ ° E

Ten Days before date of publication. OF T E HOWELL CONSIGNMENT SALE CO. 2 ‘/ eterlnar ==:—_



We Offer a Few Special Bargains AT HOWELL, MICHIGAN, APRIL 26, 1917. g y- g

80 Head of Registered Holstein 30 finlmuumumuumlummuuumummunnun"mmuuuunnmlulnummmmfi





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





 





Rheun1atism.——I have a six-year-old

cow that freshened ilie middle of last

December, and has seemingly been in

good health up to ten days ago, at

which time she commenced to gradual-

ly get stiff. She gives a nice flow of

milk, her bowels and kidneys are

working normally. J. M.. Wayne Co.,

Mich—Give her 2 (lrs. of sodium sali-

cylate and a teaspoonliul of acetate of

potash at a dose in feed or drinking

water two or three times a day and

She will soon Show some improvement.





Injured Back—Cow Fails to Come in

Heat.—l have a valuable Holstein cow

that freshened last October. Some

time in November she got into a mix-

up by stepping on rails which were

covered with straw. Quite a portion

of this weight fell bu her back and in-

jured her. She was down and unable

to stand on foot for some ten days, but

appeared to get pretty much over it.

She shrunk somewhat in her milk

yield following this accident, but final-

ly recovered. Since the accident she

has not been in heat. F. A. H., Reese,

Mich—Give your cow 1 dr. of ground

nux vomica, 1/2 oz, of ground red cin-

chona, 1 dr. powdered capsicum and

1/2 oz. of ground gemian at a dose in

feed two or three limes a day. Per-

haps she will come. in heat as soon as

warm weather sols in.





Imperfect Uddci'wSprained Tendon.

-—iI have a tlii'ce-ycar—old heifer that

just freshened the second time and I

find it almost impossible to draw milk

from one quarter of her bag, but there

is no caking in this quarter. The milk

seems to come into this quarter ex-

ceedingly slow. I also have an eleven-

year—old horse that sprained tendons

of leg last December, but the leg is not

now feverish. Our local Vet. advised

blistering, but 1 do not care to do this.

B. C. 8., Charlotte, Mich—You Will

obtain fairly good results by hand-rub-

bing udder, but giving drugs or apply-

ing them would perhaps be wasting

money. Applying one part fluid extract

of belladonna and nine parts lanolin

once or twice a day might help. Apply

equal parts of turpentine, aqua am-

monia and olive oil to sprained ten-

dons twice or three. times a week.





Parasitic Mange—Last fall I bought

14 steers in Chicago and have been

feeding them since. The skin of scro-

tum and hind legs seem to be sore and

itchy. I am feeding cottonseed meal,

silage and clover, and I might say that

they are stabled most of the time. ,D.

N. P., Gagetown, Mich—Apply one

part .subnitrate of bismuth and two

parts of petrolatuin twice a day, and

occasionally apply powdered alum, ox-

ide of zinc and boric acid. Give each

steer 2 drs. of Donovan’s solution of

arsenic in either feed or water three

times a day. Painting the sore parts,

with tincture iodine a time or two

might have a very good effect.





Sore Tail.—~I have a cow that is trou-

bled with a sore tail. Six inches of the

10Wer portion of tail seems to be hope-

lessly diseased and will fall off. She

came fresh the fifteenth of this month

and I would like to know if the sore

tail will affect her milk. M. O’B., Fife

Lake, Mich—Perhaps the diseased

portion of tail should be cut off, then

apply equal parts 01' powdered alum.

oxide of zinc and boric acid to sore

parts once.a day and after sore heals,

cover it with pine tar and oakum,

leaving bandage on for several days.

I am somewhat inclined to believe that

the tail was frozen. Her milk can be

safely used.





Feeding and Medical Question—Ear-

ly in the winter I was advised to feed

soft coal (slack) to my hogs to supply

the grit they find when rooting in the

ground in the summer time. I have

fed about two quarts to my hogs daily,

which includes three brood sows. Last

night one of the sows died- She had

been off her feed for about ten days.

Do you believe it is the result of feed-

ing this coal? Also, will it cause sows

to abort or dry up in their milk yield,

or affect them in any other way? The

other sows and hogs seem to be doing

well. F. G. W., Millbrook. Mich.-——I do

not believe that feeding hogs a limited

quantity of crushed coal will do them

any particular harm; however, it may

have caused impaction of the bowels





.of your sow. The, writer has frequent-





ly opened hogs that died from the ef-

fects of eating too much coal, but

these hogs had access to large quanti-

ties of it and doubtless ate- far too





ymuch. _ .





- c...





m





T'W’W
l

l

l





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 





 





W1 ‘





' reads





‘ ammonia and





.. I





 

 





ho. _ , , Lamenesz.’

r “of the ‘

long time, but have not noticed in the

veterinary, c0lumn'~,a ,case described

similar to mine. I have a marethat is

nine years old lame in right shoulder,





 





walks fairly sound,‘ but trots quite

lams. Some days she is Worse than

others. C. W., Ravenna, Mich.—-Give

your more 1 (it. of sodium salicylate

at a dose in feedthree times a day.

Apply equal parts of turpentine, aqua

' olive oil to shoulder

three'times a week. Perhaps she has

rheumatism.



Hard Bunch on Knee—I have a

horsethat has a very hard bunch on

knee, caused by falling. What had I

better do to remove the stiffness? M.

C. W., Remus, Mich—Apply one part

iodine and nine parts lard three times

a week;



Stone in Madden—Our local Vet.

tells me that my horse has stone in

bladder, which is about the size of a

duck egg. ‘He advised me to give him

30 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid

till stone dissolves. He also told me

that horse had a weak heart. therefore

he adviSed against an operation. A. B.

McC., Cass City, Mich.——Give the medi-

cine he prescribed twice a day and it

will perhaps dissolve stone.



Indigestion.—'—We have a five-year-old

mare that keeps thin, is somewhat out

of condition, eats plenty of feed, but

fails to thrive. I had her grinder

teeth floated. S. T. B., Shepherd,

Mich.—4Mix one part of powdeerd sub

phate iron, one part ground nux ‘vomi-

ca, two parts ginger, four parts ground

gentian, give a tablespoonful at a dose

in feed three times a day. Increase

the food supply.



Warbles.——I have found something

wrong with my cattle: they have

bunches along their back and I have

never had such an ailment in my stock

before. H. S., Metamora. Mich—Open

bunches with penknife and squeeze out

grub, kill it, and apply one part coal-

tar dip and 30 parts water to sores

once a day.



R. A. C., Harbor Springs, Mich.—

Your heifer died the result of an in-

jury, inflicted by your other cow.



Clinging Afterbirth.—-Several of' my

cows have been troubled this winter

and spring with clinging afterbirths,

and I would like to know if it is pre-

ventable. I“. L. H., Melvin, Mich.—

IVhen a few cows in one dairy are

troubled with retention of placenta it

is fairly good evidence that the cows

are infected with contagious abortion,

and this is perhaps the case with your

cows. Giving them medicine ‘will not

prevent it.



Pica.——I would like to know whyr my

cows chew wood and I might add they

are all thin. Have fed them corn-

stalks, corn, ground feed and beets. J.

'l‘., Ypsilanti, Mich—Your cows are

sulfering from the effects of either eat-

ing a poor quality of feed or too little

food, or an unbalanced ration. Give

each cow three tablespoonfuls of pow-

dered charcoal, 1 oz. ground gentian.

one teaspoonful salt and a. small tea-

spoonful of carbonate iron at a dose in

each feed three times a. day.





Infected Udder.—-For the past three

months my cow has been giving

stringy milk which has a bad odor;

she has been faithfully treated by our

Vet... and besides I have given her oth-

er commercial. remedies without any

good results. What can be done for

her? E. J., S., Woodland, Mich—If

you are sure that only one quarter is

infected, dry it. It, appears'to me that

'she must be. incurable. Perhaps it

would be. best to fatten and market her

for beef.



Barren Mare—I have a mare that is

16 years old that has raised several

colts, but failed to get with foal after

being bred a year ago, also last fall.

She appears to be in fairly good health,

drinks too much water, is fed clover

hay and occasionally her bowels are

too loose. O. H., Union City, Mich——

Give your mare a teaspoonful of pow-

dered sulphate iron, a tablespoonful of

cooking soda and a tablespoonful of

ground gentian at a dose in ground

feed three times a day. Feed her less

clover and avoid letting her drink

large quantities of water at a time, but

water her often. Dissolve 2 ozs. of

bicarbonate soda» in three pints of

clean boiled water and after washing

out vagina with ‘clean tepid water, in.-

ject her with this soda solution six or

eight hours before she is mated. '



H. 8., St. Clair 00., Mich—«Your

young pigs died the result of conges-

tion of the lungs, doubtless some of

them were weak when born.



Wind Puffer-I have a five-year-old

horse that is developing wind puffs,

and I would like to know if they can

be removed without blistering. Have

applied hot water but nothing else. C.

8., Milbrook, Mich—Apply equal parts

tincture: iodine and spirits of camphbr





'f‘thgefe times a week and bandage legs

occasionally. _ . ‘ v f





,. I" have been: a} ,

Michigan Farmer for a ’





MICHIGAN ‘caop REPORT.





 





(Continued from page 497).

Sixty-five mills, elevators and grain

dealers report no wheat marketed in

March. . ,



Rye—The average condition of rye

in the state and central counties is 86,

in the southern counties 81, in the

northern counties 95 and in the upper

peninsula 99. One year ago the con-

dition in the state was 84, in the south-

ern counties 80, in the central coun-

ties 88, in the northern counties 91

andain the upper peninsula 99.



Meadows.——'Phe average condition of

meadows in the state is 89, in the

southern counties 85, in the central

counties 90, in the northern counties

93 and in the upper peninsula 99. The

condition in the state'one year ago

was '89, in the southern counties 87, in

the central counties 90, in the north-

ern counties 94, and in the upper pe-

ninsula 101.



Live Stock—The average condition

of horses and sheep in the state is 95,

cattle 93 and swine 92. .



Fruit.—Frult correspondents report

fruit prospects quite favorable, peach-

es excepted. The following table shows

the prospect. for an average crop of_

the various kinds of fruit in the state

and the different sections:



’ Sou. Cen. Nor. Up.

State. Co.‘s Co.’s Co.’s Pen.

Apples .......80 81 75 89 92





Pears .......76 77 70 85 ..

Peaches .....46 47 44 34 ..

Plums .......80, 82 74 79 90





Cherries . . . . .86 85 80 92 98

Small fruit. . ..82 81 81 90 100



In regard to the question, “what per

cent of orchards are being sprayed?”

correspondents report 43 in the state,

48 in the southern counties, 30 in the

central counties and 37 in the northern

counties.





 





LlVE STOCK NEWS.





Notwithstanding the dearness of

feed for many weeks, large profits

have been derived from fattening hogs

for the market all along, with recent

sales up to $16 per 100 lbs. for prime

heavy shipping barrows and other

kinds of swine proportionately high,

although, because of the increasing

percentage of ordinary swine, the

spread in prices has widened out a

good deal. The range of quotations be-

tween the least desirable and choicest

hogs has been as much as $1.15 per

100 lbs, with the greater part of the

hogs selling at a range of 30 cents.

The choicer lots of hogs of light

weight have sold about 20 cents under

top quotations with a few sales of

prime selected light “singeing” hogs,

averaging from 170 to 200 lbs, taken

by Canadian packers about 10 cents

below top figures. Of late the eastern

shippers have made much smaller pur-

chases of hogs in the Chicago market,

leaving a. correspondingly increased

share for the local packing firms, while

the latter also brought in on different

days large numbers of hogs consigned

to them direct from other western

markets. Recent Chicago receipts of

hogs have shown gradual gains in av-

erage weight, the late arrivals averag-

in 215 lbs., comparing with 212 lbs one

week earlier, 215 lbs. one year ago, 234

lbs. two years ago and 236 lbs. three

years ago. Usually the largest receipts

of hogs are seen on Monday, but they

are mostly Well taken, and such small

declines as take place in prices are

quickly recovered as a general rule.

Provisions have shared in the boom in

hogs, and within a short time pork has

sold on the Chicago Board of Trade

as high as $35.90 a barrel; comparing

with $23.15 a year' ago, withsimilar

advances scored in lard and short rib

sides.



Recently G. H. Witthoft, of Page

county, Iowa, purchased twenty-four

head of beef blood for breeding pur-

poses, stating that he expected to be

able to market a carload of baby beef

every year.



A short time ago Lee Potter, of Illi-

nois, showed up in the Chicago market

with a shipment of two carloads of

choice cattle and a carload of hogs.

The cattle averaged 1407 pounds in

weight and found ready sale at $12.75

per 100 pounds. The hogs averaged

230 pounds and brought $15.15. They

were June pigs. Mr. Potter bought the

cattle in the Chicago stock yards 82

days previous to the time of their sale,

paying for them $10 per 100 pounds.

They were fed corn, cottonseed meal

and ensilage, making an average gain

of about three pounds a day.



Discourging reports come from the

northern ranges, and an early settler

in Montana says the Winter past was

the worst he had seen in 53 years. Cat-

tle came through thin in flesh, and

consequently they will be much later

than usual in moving to market. In

Idaho hay is a scarce article and sells





for $.30'to $40.’per ton. ;





laple Lane





calves and holler

blood of the bros





MCHIG AN F A

Auction Sale, April 26, 1917





AT 10 0?CLOCK A. M.



Have sold my farm and will sell at pub-

lic auction : 30 Holstein cows, 5 reg-

istered, 25 grades; 20 heifers and calves;

7 colts from 1 to 4 yrs.

tation from

terurban and P. M.



W. S. BOYNTON, Jenison, Michigan





ll. of M. Jersey herd offers for sale

tuberculin tested cowa, bulls. bull





d.





Jenison, from Hollan in-





 

 

   





   





 





 

   





O I C Gilt: bred for June and July fax-row. ,

o. a 0‘ Also boars of September furrow.

H. W. MANN. - - - - Dansville, Mich.





o I C’s All cold.~ Booking orders for an

t O ' beat of out winter and cprin pm.

0. J. THOMPSON, -_ - Rockford, Mlgh (an





o. I c Choice giltcall sold. Choice fall lgs out Of

- “rile Winning stock. Write for ow ricoo

A, V. TT. - - - - Grass Lake. lob.

O I C’s Btu- the best and breed them better.

- - ~ Fall Gilts and CL OVER





ours.

LEAF STOCK FARM, R. 1. 3‘ euros. Mich.





 





Free trans or-





O l C bred sows and gills all sold. A few long

0 ' ' bodied heavy boned fall boars to offer.

calves. 03“.th the beat ll. of M. G. P. ANDR if“ S, Dansville, Michigan

‘ IRVIN FOX. Alle‘nn. mob.





 





Young bulls 8100. Brod cows. and A ril arrow all so d. A few cod 0 es to be bred

:h'flhfl'fl’ F" :‘l.- and heifers $150 for nick sale. for Jingle farmW. Also some goo fall l‘gs either cox.

W. E. LIVINGSTON, PXRMA. MICE.





Write W. J. BELL. ROBE CITY. MICE GAN.





Large Ty e P. C. $3331}





 





2





Cattle For Sale





Loads feeders and two loads yearling steers. Also





can show you a





0]) to 1200 lbs. Isaac Shanstum, Fairfleld. Iowa, R-8.





The original milk strain.

mes Sllfll’llllll'lso No stock for sale at present

J. B. Hummel. - -





SHORTHORNS £53.33 1%? ¥§§§gfiffifi Pariah]; (llmlm bfid gilts .311 solid. mu havefsomn

_ . . . ' _ c oicc a p goo arge an we mm type. at cm-

for sale J E Tall-won Mason Mlcllnln or: prices. P. D. LONG, R. 8. Grand Rapids. Mich.





PUlIId China. As big. as good. as grow in Iowa. Bord

headed by Goliath Farver. I can please on.

Robert. Martin. - B. 7. Hastings. Michigan





Large lype Poland China lml Sow Salc.Fcb.2ll,‘l

Write for catalog. W. J. Hagolshaw, Augusta. Mich.

I a ' '

Luge Suled arsenal.steamers.

Rock em 81.50 per 13. Robert Nave, Pierson, Mich.





ny number I. 2 and 3 years old from





- Mason, Michigan





 





 





Shorthorns 1 Ron Bull, 2 years old, for sale. mg I”. Fahnd mill“: gdplalfflglabawmwafi'lfii

W. C. OBIUS. - - . - Hilladale, Mich. 150.. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. ”hm.





 





3 Bed Bun cum. 6 months old.





 





Ppllcd ,Burlllm





farmers.





Yoltfing bulls, heifers. also few safe in

ca .

Frank Bartlett.





For 3“. Resistelihed B35 Type Foil-ad Cliiim boonlls

. . . mos. o . LO' pl 5. mos. o . . ..

Brod “‘ht‘ gm“! fight for HESS. 68 S. Johnson Ate, ontinc, Mich.





Dryden, lcli.





 





HALLADAYS’ HAMP SH 1 RES





 





I‘IOOS.





All cold. oxooBt follfiics. We are booking orders for

spring pigs. . H. alladay d: Son. Clinton. Mich.





 





akin.





Berkshires,





lllgll class Fall Rum and Hills





325 to 850. 2 tall yearlingl sows to furrow in June. 8. 0.

on eggs for





W'. Orpln

layers. 83 or 30 eggs. Newton Barnhart, St. Johns,llllch





Durocs and Victoria:



Heavy bone. lengthy Spring Boots and Gllta from prize

winners sired by one o

tender dc other noted strains. M. 1‘. STORY. Lowell, Mich.





EBKSHIBEfi-—A few good fall pigs left,elther sex.

Also booking orders for spring pigs.

Chase Stock Farm. R. 1. Max-lotto.





Nothing for sale but full boarcond

gilts. Write for prices.

R. No. 9. Dec:





llamuhirc Swim.

tux. Ind





FLOYD MYERS.



' f [H . A b k d .



.l‘ I”. P...“ chm: {can 3)::ng éltigafilitl‘figtiao:

a





guaranteed. G. W. Holton. R. ll. amazoo. Mich.





the best Sons of the Great De-





Palrs no





mm”... LARGE Strain P. o. bred gilts allsold. Afowlong





lhodied heavy boned boars ready fox-service. 2 nice

fall boars by Smooth Jumbo. ll. 0. Swarm, SchoolcmttMit-h.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE My hm 00--





tains the blood

lines of many of the most noted championl of the

breed My herd boar, Claytons Lad, 18233 in a brother of

Look Out Lad, who was grand (‘hamplon at the Nation-

al Swine Show. I am booking orders for spring pigs,to

be shipped about May lst. Write me (or prices.

George E. Starr. - - - (i use Lake, Mich.





Bonn. serviceable ace best blood

lines. Re iltered. inmuunsr

STOCK ARM. Almont. Mich.





atching from great big winter





 





Mgr,





18 b d l . l' l

Duroc Jerseys guilty? ” °

Carey U. Edmondc.





Duroc

champion Iowa Fat 1‘.



A few big smooth Sept. gllts to be

Durocs bred for early fall l‘Anrrou. Bell

Phone. E. D. Haydenberk, Wayland. Mich.





Duroc Jersey Gilts

heavy boned Gilt-s. registered.



Boar. Jenningl Pilot Wonder No. 73373. Bred for Apr.

and Ma

THE J NNINO

Bailey. Mich..





fart-ow. S





Durocs For Sale Big Heavy Boned

“all boars and gilts. weight 125 ll). to 200 lb. each. not

extra (at but. in good breeding flesh. Also one ) rl.Rog. .

Percheron Stallion, color black and a good one.

M. A. Bray. Estate.





5 FARMS. V M





Sows and uilts bred in Eureka Cherry King

and Crimson Grit-i0 Ron ofCritir Model 1916





HAMPSHIRE HOGS all sold out. would sell one

W6 have a choice herd boar and book orders for spring boat-figs.

lot of good rugged John W. Snyder, St. Johns, Michigan, R. .



All bred to our Herd





HORSES





[Percheron Stallions

25 Must Be Sold





Also 2 Imported

Clydesdale Stal—

lions. “ Spring Sale

Prices are now on





end for pedigree. Prices reasonable.

. . Shoeemlth. Gen‘l.





 





 





R. F, D.I.





Hutton. Mich.





Okomoc. (lngham Co.) Mich.





“'. C. Taylor, Milan, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





Duroc lump ESPJE‘Zfiiiifiz‘lfil‘l.‘ if.‘.¥f."§l‘..ii“ir‘tlt‘iff



teer also booking orders for 5 ring pigs, pain-5 not. Q



akin. F. J. DROD’I‘, Monroe, .lic .. l. ,

Bum lungs. Imding Bear: and Sept. Gill: P' 0‘ Beldmg, lcnla (20.. Beldlnthch.

J. H. Banghart. - - - East Lansing. Mich.



Ia ain: in Dunn: Bred Gills Elfil‘fii‘.‘ ‘i‘fmibé‘iu JASDKS



m1...” Jlfarto ' 30-h.” °



0. burlinégme‘: ’ ' $433“ “a 3 Meeting). Mich. 1V1 U LES -





 





 





   





 

 

 

   





 





success. 1 can





resented b those fin

month: old." Write





G. B. BENJAMIN





Raise Chester Whites

653 original big prod

I HAVE started tusho





hcl you. I want to ace one h r

my great hard in nutrition-innit: where l“ 0g f om





Raise males and get rich.

120 fine 1 Jacks. Jennys

and Mules. a l ages for salo.A

lot of his registered Jacks. Nu

little cheap Jacks for sale.All

guaranteed .1 echo. Prices W

and up. Come on and see for _

yourself or write me today. ”r» ' ’ A



KREKLER'S JACK FARM. West Elkton, Ohm





AT HALF PRICE





Registered Port-he runs. Big black stud volt coming 3.

sound and sure. Bu: boned rugged fill) 15 past bred by

M. A. 0. Also pair of mares 4 and 5 years old. Come





and see them.

JN Portland. Mich. loll Mo.





‘ O. C. BUTLER.

.m...“ .... .. .......... KENTUCKY JACKS and SADDLERS

on: non: Kentucky JACK! and ununs. Eéhoud

FIVI and CH”. GAITKD STILLIONS. gelding: and

mares. 1‘ nncy IULE TEAMS. WRITE US.

ASK FOR OUR I917 CATALOG.

THE COOK FARMS IO! JICL. LEXINGTON. IV.





 

 

   





Like This





 

 

   





'/

a





 





am not already rep

a early develop‘cu—ready {or market at so:

for my plan- More Money from Hogs "





. 3,1,1). 10. Portland. memgin





   

   





 





 





 





 





 





(

(





ORA





uality combined.

.alnlogue its free





not say our hogs are the best but we win the chain p-

ious to prove it.

pion boars for Mar. and Apr. furrow. H l. '1.

NDELL «(1 SON,





% Inn 0. l. G’s. & 9mm Illlles % Inn

10 Oct. and Nov. boars sired by our undefeated Grand

Champion School





Parcherons. llolslelns. Angus, Shropshim, Bums

DORE D. BUELL. Elm In. lVllchI‘IlI.





 





Master. The boar that. has size and

All sold any age. Write and get our

and describes our champions. Wu do





Two registered Percheron Stalllo one four

For ‘al. and one seven. (,‘olts to show. “13:29 for par-





ticulars. W. E. “'AI'T'LI‘I. Burlington, Mich.





 





We have 100 sowsbretl to our (-ham- ,.

ARR - - SHETLAND P O N 1 ES

' Herd established 1991. L’l’ll Head

“’ritellept. ll:





Cass City, Mich.

to select from.





 





F ClolCli BIED on

0. I. 0': l {elm-c.1110 u).zllvr,_(imln.1Champion

I at. Iowa. sold for Slot). ‘ . .





for catalog.

The Shadyside Farms, North Benton. 0





REGISTERED PERC HERON





Mares and Stallions priced to sell. Ins ti :1 lnvitod'

L. CJIUNT. EATON ll PCIDOS. MICH.





B re d

to Big

by “'ildwuod





 





ca 56302. s'red

Ship 0.. l) I)

—J. Carl Jove“. Macon. Mich,





 





Strlcuy

(arrow, all so





0. LC. and Chester White Swme

Big Type with Quality. Gilts bred for Spring

ld. Five fine Sept. gilts bred for July

furrow. Have stow good fall pigs left, clthersex. We





 





Stud colt coming two. nneco l .

PUTChernll' Price right. Duroc. brood was, "iafifsg.

E. J. Aldrich. Tekousha, Mick, Bell Phone.





 





 





are also booking orders for early Spring pigs. Can _

furnish l‘n airsnot akin. . Registered Percherons 0011112233: 33:]:

Newman 5 took Farm, Marlette, MM" R‘ 1' l sltlalliog coming] year. Mares and Fillies. Priced to

n I c Yearold boar 2nd rize winnornt Grand Rapids so ' m. ' ake. Button. Mich.



- . - fair also spring gi ta and boars ready for ser-

vice. A. J. Barker, ,Belmont. Mich. R. ll. 1. SHEEP





 





 





 





 





 





 





o.l.c.s





not. akin to breed in the cprlng. Rush in your order

ld. Satisfaction guaranteed.





before main-e so

A. J. 00 DEN.

o I C, Brad sows all sold. Have atew was



9 ° “ loot Iopt.boan mdthis spring pi .

Good growthy Itock.

Otto B. Sohulze.





o. I. ”C. Thorou h bred 0. I. C. Swine all l OXFORD DOWN SHEEP mhgfn: _ _' ..





. .o‘. p. Bonicrvlll, .





 





WINE: Bii‘él'l‘fdlti‘lst’lla .

Shropeshlre Ewes



Mostly yearliugs with lambs by side. extra good

ones, come at once if you want them.





Kopc Kon Farm, Klndcrllockfllcb.





Dost. Hick.





. N0- 3.





54 mile west of dep





0t.

Nashvi le.Mich,





 





so (1 out exec t tall pigs

Gran! Lake. M ch._ . B, D, 4. . for sale.





M. F. Ganssloy. Lennon. Mich. .





il.l.‘ .‘
"1 aw? gag—w": 4:25;.-





' absi~mJLu$ngfi ‘

. .-, . ., a. ..r,,>gw._.z{‘~»«





mun” .. r .1... do."





 





Sen-t For





H. C. PHELPS, Pres.





The Ohio Carriage

Mfg. Co.





 

 

 

 

 

 





Just

fill out





the coupon

below, or write your name and

address on a postal and mail it to me

today and I will send you a copy of this big new

Buggy Book—free and postpaid. I want you to see

the wonderful values I am offering this year. Iwant you to

see the money you can save. You will be interested in the

new styles —~ the new improvements and especially in my

Split Hickory Special—the finest buggy ever built. My new

Catalog shows 150 stunning styles—all offered at prices that . _



save you $20 to $40. Don’t buy any vehicle until you get my ck w,-

big free catalog. Whether you are ready to buy or not, mail W'r”



me the coupon today or drop me a postal and get this ~ SPI-





..





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

   

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

   





 

 

 

 





big new buggy book—free—postpaid.





ciiiioii

snows ~

l50 omen... ,

STYLES  

x“ .. -





   

 

   





iiiious kg

IT HIGKOBY."





_ . “The Finest Buggy Ever Built”

HERE is the newest, niftiest rig in the big Split Hick-





ory line. Note the graceful body lines, handsomely trimmed





. auto seat, deep, comfortable upholstering and 16-coat lead and oil

. , finish. Has latest style Limousine Seat molded of sheet steel like

auto - roomy, strong and comtortable -— back will never split or

. ’ a spread at the corners. Never-leak automobile top. Wheels, shafts

, . and reaches are all h

Split Hickory.’ Reac es are steel clad full length. Padded patent

,_ leather dash .and many other exclusive, high-grade features. You

Will find this 1‘le fully described in m new catalog and offered at a price

that Will save you $20 to $40. Write or the free catalog today.





 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 

 





enuine, straight-grained, second growt





 





 

   

   





 





 





For 17 years I have been putting into these vehicles the finest ma-

terials and the most expert workmanship I could find. I have made

SPLIT HICKORY Vehicles famous the world over for beauty of

style, excellence of workmanship, light running, easy riding and long

service. More than a quarter of a million of them now in use. I have

made Split Hickory a name which my customers are proud to show.

You will be proud to drive one, too. My new 1917 catalog offers bigger

values than ever. Send for a copy today and see for yourself the money

you can save on any style of rig you select. Gives unequaled bargains

in 150 new styles. And, remember, that on every SPLIT HICKORY,





regardless of price, I give





., Thirty Days Free Road Test

_ _ _ _ “*5 . Two Years Guarantee





“We;

- -

. u. c. mews, President .\ You take no chances. I let you pick out the rig you want and

Tilt oIiIo CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING 60., \ drive it 30 days over your own roads—under your own condi-

"“121: fiend m our 13%;:1321: 3:30 \ tions——before you decide—I prove the quality—I prove the

Also margarm Waginy Catalog and D Hamesscga't- \ value. You test the rig for comfort, light running, style





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





.‘ O





sass?“ x in square ‘f either °f these b°°k5is and workmanship at my risk. Be sure to write for my

big, free, 1917 Buggy Book before you buy. This





.3 Name ........................................................ ~ \ coupon will bring it free—postpaid. Send today. \

P 0 . H. c. PHELPS, Preeldent .

‘ \ . .............................................................. I ' I ' st.tlgn P 32 _

~ _\. The Ohio carriage Mfg. Go. eoLuMaus. om.

State ...... ............................................................. ' \ ,. Impo lint}diggifisiénigefntfiggciglfigegg‘ifi:atfio‘gi





' I





\





“WW~ «own»... 0...... 0...... - ..._. «a _..... .





 





Read What Split Hickory

Users Say:





A Clean Saving of $40





_I received my buggy on the 28111 and every-

thing was 0. K. I am very well pleased with it

in every wa .



Judging1 mm the appearance of the buggy, I

could not ave bought one equal to it for ess

than $110.00 to‘$125._00, which means a saving of

$40.00 to stay right in the user’s pocket. I want

to thank you for urging me to buy from youl for

there is no comparison between your vehicles

and others at anywhere near your price.



R. D. 1 GUY L. KEEFER, Union Bridge, Md.





Better Than $120 Rigs

Buggy is better than I could get here for 120.

I price them at three different dealers. ill

show buggy to my neighbors and speak a good

word for you.

J. W. COLE, Bloomington, Ill.

Perfectly Satisfied

_ If we had been right at your factory and

glcked it out. we could not have been better satis-

ed. You filled the order absolutely correct.

Thank you. _ .

CHAS. ROWNTREE, Burlington, Wis.





The Finest Outfit in Town

I have received my buggy and harness all

0. K., and I_ am well lease with it. It is the

finest outfit in town. ours truly, _

A. B. WING, App' lachicola, Fla.





 





 





Used One Split Hickory 8 Years-

Buys Another

1 received my buggy in excellent condition.

I am well pleased With it. It came through in

line shape and il all I expected it to be.

I am well pleased Wit 1 the harness. [bought

a buggy from you some six or eight years ago

and it has had very .hard usage. It. is in go _

shape today and Will last a long time yet if





. properly cared f





or.



I purchased this buggyfor my son and daughter

as well as for myself, and I am now in my 80th

year and my wife and I shall endeavor totake

all the rides and pleasures we can With it.



I‘ will do all I can in recommending your

vehicles. Yours truly, E. S. TRACY. GreeneJa.





. 3.5.i5........... ............. jWM/M





\