"4





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





' none so widely neglected.





' cause.





- the seed tubers.





" ance' on the scab'spots.





‘ of tin 31‘?" scenic;- be found. , . Into this





VOL. CXLVIII. No. 22





W'wimie Number 3943





‘-N modern agriculture we find a con- ‘





siderable desire for something new



in crops, in the methods of hand-

ling, or in diseases. Farmers read

with interest of new discoveries, new

parasites, or new control measures. It

is human nature to be curious of these

things and to have them arouse our

greater interest.



I wish to write‘of an old disease

that every farmer knows and concern-

ing whose control nearly ‘every farmer

is fully aware. For twenty—five years

the farm papers have written of potato

scab, its nature, and its control. No





beneficial crop practice is so well





known as potato scab treatment, and

' It is the

purpose of this paper to tell the story

of potato scab, its importance, its

cause, and its control.

new has been discovered about this

disease and there is great necessity for

our concentrating all efforts on its

control. _ /



Potato scab first made its appear-

ance in the agricultural press, attend-

ed. by a host of suppositions as to its

This farmer and the other, this

scientist and the other, made sugges-

tions pro and con as to the cause and

nature of scab. Some claimed it was

caused by plowing under green crops,

some said it was caused by manuring,

some said it was due to rough material

in the soil which scratched the young

tubers; some blamed quack grass, “and





’ indeed, produced evidence that quack





grass Could not only make scab in po-

tatoes, but could bore through them

as well.



Scientific Discoveries.



Out of this mass of suggestions light

came from the experiments performed

about 1890 by a young student at Pur-

due University. This student isolated

a bacteria organism from scab spots

and claimed he could produce typical

scabs by inoculation‘ with pure cul-

tures. Later work failed to substan-

tiate all this student claimed, but this

at least came out of his work—potato

scab ceased to be a football for a writ-

ing public to pass around, and became

an understandable disease caused by a

living organism. The scientist who

worked on this disease gave definite

control measures—which, indeed, are

the very same as we recommend to-

day. He reasoned that potato scab

was a disease caused by a parasite car-

‘ried to the field on the tuber, hence to

control the disease we must disinfect

Accordingly he tried

with good success soaking the pota-

toes in corrosive sublimate, one part

to 1000.



A few years later another scientist

noticed that if scabby tubers were ex-

amined when freshly dug they usually

showed a white filmy or limy appear-

He was able

to prove that this organism and not

the bacterial parasite formerly sug-





gested was the common cause of scab- In:





by tubers. The organism responsible





' was temporarily classified as a fungus, .5





andwas put in the group Oos’pora be-

,y’cfiiisié'this was’as pearly defined a set





 





Much that is,





 





,The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1917





Potato Scab ~





By PROF. M.





sisted of threads which broke up ir-

regularly into small joint-like spores,

seemed best to, fit, accordingly for

years the scientific magazines and ab-

ricultural papers spoke of Oospora

Scabies as the fungus which causes

potato scab.



The next advance in our knowledge

of potato scab came in the matter of

treatment. The corrosive sublimate

treatment had come into great vogue

and was advocated everywhere and

used with marked success. It had this

disadvantage—the material was some—





M. MCCOOL





pint of formaldehyde in thirty gallons

of water.



Scab Bacteria Has Many Hosts.



Recent work on potato scab has

thrown new light on the whole prob-

lem. It was first suggested that the

potato scab organism was not a fun-

gus but one of the higher bacteria.

This suggestion was readily accepted

and seemed to be a necessary change

in our way of thinking. From this work

came the important discovery that the

scab organism besides being one of the

higher bacteria, was an organism that





 





Potato Scab Causes Loss of 15 Per Cent of Our Possible Marketable Crop.





what expensive and was very poison-

ous, so that there was always the prob-

lem of disposal of the liquid after seed

treatment. « .



Formaldehyde had become popular

as a disinfectant for medical and hy-

gienic uses, and was tried for potatoes.

It worked as well as corrosive subli-

mate for scab, and quickly the agricul-

tural world began to treat its potatoes

with formaldehyde. The treatment

was quick, safe, and easy. It consisted

merely in soaking the uncut seed for

one and a half to two hour in a solu~

tion of formaldehyde made with one





..__/7 ‘





 

   

 

 





   





law: 31:! rear/0H m0





VZOUGH '0: ouNDL/Iva It 8M 6347:: or ”Tarot:

anga mru anion: r0 me 1’ «are: flat"!





lita 173' I: IN cures





existed everywhere in nature and that

soils rich in grass roots, humus, etc,

were especially rich in the germ. The

Vermont investigators who worked ov-

er the subject, found the organism in

virgin soil, and were able to produce

typical scabs on tubers. They also

found that the organism was not pres-

ent to any great amount in soils that

were acid or even slightly so, but that

they were prevalent in soils heavily

limed. Alkalinity favored this organ-

ism just as it favored many other bac-

teria. Much of the old writing was

seen to have an accurate foundation in





’1’.»

, r’””

->

/ I t F a...“





 





$1.00 A YEAR

$3.00 FOR 5 YEARS





observation and these discoveries ex-

plained them.



We are therefore dealing with an or-

ganism that is not alone on scabby tu~

bers, but is in all soils containing hu-‘

mus and which is not acid.





Only Virulent Strains Attack Potatoes.



At first glance it might seem that

there are no control measures possi-

ble and that seed treatments—which

work so successfully-4am in theory,

at least, useless. But this is not the

case. There was found to be great .

difference in virulence in the various

strains of the germ as it is found in

the soil. The particular scab germs

which have been attacking potatoes

and which have succeeded in scabbing

them, are therefore of the strong viru-

lent strains and thus differ from the

ordinary soil forms. To plant scabby

tubers‘is to set out in favorable posi-

tion a “nest” of the most virulent

germs. Scab'treatment is therefore

still advisable.





Rhizoctonia.



Light was shed on potato seed treat-

ment from another angle. Recently

we have come to realize that Rhizoc-

tonia—Black Scurf—is doing great

damage in damping off the sprouts of

tubers in wet seasons and in canker-

ing the stems, leading to the giant

plants which yield twenty or thirty

small, misshapen tubers. Black scurf

gets its name from the masses the

fungus forms on the tubers, and by

which it lives over winter and is car-

ried to next year’s crop.



These scurfy lumps are so large and

hard to penetrate that the ordinary for-

maldehyde dip was not found to be

efficient in killing them. On the other

hand, the old-fashioned corrosive sub-

limate treatment did the work be-

cause of its lasting antiseptic quality.

Formaldehyde when applied killed the

outer surface and evaporated. The

fungus could start from within. Cor-

rosive sublimate, on the other hand,

condensed on the lamps and stayed

there, always functioning to restrain

growth from the scurfy mass.





One Treatment for Both Diseases.



The last word, then, in seed treat-

ment teaches us to go back to the old-

fashioned corrosive sublimate dip, not-

that formaldehyde will not control the

scab, but because we must control

Rhizoctonia, or Black Scurf, as well.



This treatment is simple and almost

as easy as the formaldehyde dip. Four

ounces of corrosive sublimate is dis-

solved in a little hot water in a glass

vessel. Corrosive sublimate, as its

name implies, is a chemical that will

eat into metal and must accordingly be

handled in glass or wooden vessels. A

little vinegar, one tablespoonful, will

speed up the dissolving process. This

solution is then added to thirty gallons

of water. The potatoes are soaked in

this for one and a half to two hours

before cutting. Reinfection from un-

treated tubers must, of course, be

avoided. The solution becomes weaker ,

in use and after four batches are treat-





ed, it should be madeup fresh ageing ‘





For small quantities a barrel does

very well. For large acreages, it will

(Continued on page 656); ‘ ‘-
. . : he Michigan Farmer

.. . Wise. , copyright 1917.

gT'he Lawrence Publishing Co.

7 . Editors and Proprietor:

39 to as Congress St. West. Detroit. liens-n

. Tnmnm MAI: 45%.

. NEW 10m! OFFICE—381 Fourth Ave.

- MOO OFFICE—111 W. Washington Street.





,. 7 AND OFFICE-10114015 Oregon Ave, N. E.

PHILADELPHIA OFFIGE—m-Sa South Third 8‘.





M. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President

M. L. LAWRENCE.................. ....Vice—Preeident





 

 

 

   

 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





B. E EOUGHTON................. fled-Trees.

LB. WATERBURY....

BURT WERMUTH.....



' FRANK A. WILKEN



ALTA stsou LITTELL................





 





I. H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

Oneyoer,52issues....r ............ .

Two Years. 104 issues . ‘

Three years. 156 issues ......

Flavours, ”Dianna... ..



All sent postpaid.

Canadian subscriptions 500 a year extra for postage.

RATES OF. ADVERTISING:



”cents per line agate type measurement, will!) r

inch (14 te lines per inch) r insertion. N0 fit

inserted or less than $1.20 eacfinsertlon. No objec-

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[ember Standard Form Papers Association and

Audit Bureau of Circulation.





 





 

 





 





 





 





filtered as second class matter at. the Detroit, Mich.

inn. post oilioo.





DETROIT, JUNE 2, 1917





 





   





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In financing the war in

The Liberty which it has been drawn,

Loan. the United States has

two sources of revenue,

vim, taxation and the sale of govern-

ment bonds. The government is al—

ready committed to the policy of rais-

ing as large a proportion of the neces-

sary money by taxation as is possible

without encroaching seriously upon in-

dustrial activity. Big business and

large incomes will pay a very high

rate of taxation toward the support of

the war. This source alone will not,

however, provide the funds absolutely

necessary for the gigantic preparations

necessary to assure the early and suc-

cesful termination of the struggle. For

this reason, it will be necessary to se-

cure a comparatively large sum from

the sale of government bonds.



As a means of giving every person

in the country an opportunity to ex«

hibit their patriotism in supporting the

government through the medium of a

popular loan, the $5,000,000,000 worth

of bonds authorized by congress will

be issued and sold largely in small de-

nominations, and every person in ev-

ery walk of life will be impressed with

the idea that it is his patriotic duty to

‘5 buy a Liberty bond. To facilitate the

convenience of popular subscription,



banks in all sections of the country



will sell the bonds without commis-



Sion, and applications may be made for



same through any local post office.



. These bonds will be of two kinds,

‘ known as coupon bonds and registered

_ bonds. Coupon bonds are issued to



the bearer in denominations of $50,

$100, $500 and $1,000. The attached

coupons are detached by the holder

when the interest installments they

represent are due, and can be cashed

at any bank. Registered bonds are is-

sued to the purchaser and registered

in his name, and checks for the inter-

est are mailed semi-annually to the

holder. These bonds are issued in de

, nominations from $100 to $100,000.

. , The first issue of these bonds will

’ bear the date of June 15, 1917, and will

run for thirty years, the government

' hoving the right to redeem them in

Aileen years from date. The bonds

Wm belrthreo and shalt per cent





 

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

   





interfest per annmn, "payable ‘isenni‘iui.n-~

nually. , The purchaser of"the'se'--bonds

has the right to convert them into oth-





er .bond,s bearing a higher rate of in—

terest if during the war the govern-

ment shall issue other bonds at a. high-

er rate. They are non—taxable except

as to inheritance tax, which applies to

all property of whatsoever nature.





. These bonds are an excellent invest-

ment, the best of collateral for loans,

and may be readily converted into

available cash whenever same is need-

ed. Right now the government needs

the money, and it is the people's pa-

triotic duty to furnish it. Through ar-

rangements with many banks these

bonds can be purchased on an easy

payment installment plan, making

them an excellent medium for the in-

vestmentof small savings. Country

people as well as city people should

show their patriotism by buying Libel“

ty loan bonds in such volumes as

their means will permit.





. Pursuant to the

Register for Mili- enactment of the se-



tary Service. lective draft law by



Congress, the first



step toward the creation of an effi-

cient military force under that law will

be the registration of all persons with-

in the age limits of liability for mili-

tary service. June 5 has been fixed

as registration day for this purpose by

proclamation of the President and the

governors of the various states. The

following is the text of the proclama‘

tion issued by Governor Sleeper:



Whereas, The Congress of the Uni-

ted States has enacted a law requiring

all male citizens twenty-one years of

age and under thirty-one years of age

to present themselves for registration

for military service, and empowering

the President to fix a date for such

registration and to employ the officers

of the state, and of the various muni—

cipalities, to execute the provisions of

the law, and has authorized the raising

of an army from the persons so regis-

tered, and



Whereas, The President of the Uni-

ted States has issued a proclamation

calling upon such persons between the

ages aforesaid to present themselves

for registration bel'or‘e the local ofli-

cials on the fifth (5th) day of June,

1917, and to do and perform certain

other acts connected with such regis-

tration under severe penalty for fail-

ure or neglect to perform the same:





Now Therefore, By virtue of the au-'

thority vested in me as Governor of;

the State of Michigan, I do hereby an-

nounce and proclaim to the People of

the State of Michigan



(a) That all the officers of the state

and of the several municipalities there-

of who are so required by law or by

the President’s proclamation, and who

have been appointed thereto to per-

form any duties in connection with or

pertaining to the registration or the

selection of the male inhabitants of

this state for military service, do strict-

ly and unhesitatingiy proceed to carry

out. and execute the duties required of

them;



.(b) That all male inhabitants of this

state, twenty-one years of age and un-

der thirty-one years of age, liable to

registration under the terms of the

President’s Proclamation and the act

of Congress, do obey-the same and pre-

sent themselves upon the date named,

at the place and before the official to

be designated in each polling precinct

for registering and answering such

questidns as may be put to them touch-

ing their liability for military service

to the United States;



(0) That all citizens, of what station

soever, do lend their aid and assist‘

ance to the President, the Governor

and to their appointed agents and rep-

resentatives in. these matters, as be-

comes the dignity and welfare of this

state and of the nation at large.





And I do further request that Tues—

day, the fifth day of June, 1917, the

date appointed by the President for

such registration, be observed as a hol-

iday throughout this state, and urge

upon all persons to lay aside their cus-

tomary labors upon that date, and to

celebrate the day with such suitable

exercises as may be provided in each

locality, in order that the work of the

general government may be prOpcrly

carried out without inteference or bind-

ance in this state.



And I do hereby appoint the Mayor





of each city, the President of each vile spouse to. a letter regarding the fixing





lage and the Supervisor of each town-

ship as chairmen of their respective

communities to head committees and

to prepare such form of celebration as





 





 





 

 





may ob -

servance





, eyloi‘ . obs . spa .iin‘ e; museum“ 1

off the day‘iof registration. \ v-'~hension from the talk in the newspa

Registration is compulsory and a se- 15:11:? aggutmlgg govfefgnmgint settting t:



, s u e seems .



vere penalty is Provided 101' ,default’ think that it is contemplated to fix' a

hence every man between the ages 01 price to’producers which would be so

twenty-one and thirty-one should reg- low that they could not secure a rea-

ister without fail on the appointed day. sonable return... , Of course, there has

In cases where resence at the resis- been much confused writing in the paw

D . . o. pers. Only two suggestions have been



tration booth on registration day Will made: One is that the government he

prove a hardship, see the local officer given power to fix a minimum price





mentioned in the above proclamation With a view to stimulate production.

Th * r

previous to the date. is p we would be sufficiently high





to igsure producers against loss. It

. . can not ave the effect feared by

The war “1 Whmh our your correspondent, because the very

country is HOW engag‘ object would be to stimulate produc.

ed will come close to tion by assuring sufficiently high pric-

many homes in our esttro pfio‘ducers. The ther suggestion

_ is a e government e given power

state and nation on Tueédéy next, to fix a maximum price, in extreme

when all young men 0f military age emergencies, to break corners or to

under the recently enacted selective. CORtrOl extortionl It is not contem-

draft law will be called upon to regis- Plated ”m the governing“. If It had

f _ h _, I h' the power to fix a maleum price.

ter 01 3110 serv1ce.~ 1} t ‘5 connec‘ would announce the existence of such

tion the manner 1n which the selec- a price inreference to any one or more

tive plan of the draft law will be ap- commoghtles in fdvaixtlcetpf the appear-

. . ance 0 an acue s ua 1011; nor ‘ s it

plle‘l should be or interest to every contemplated that such a price, if fixed

Michlgan Farmer reader.

As previously noted, there are no single thought in this connection is

exemptions from registration for men igailéhfpgifzgr ’Eigh-t b? 358% aSla club

. . . - , o y m in lVl ua cases

who have reached the“ twenty first where it is clear that an individual or

birthday, and have HOt passed their corporation had established a corner

thirty-first birthday, except those al« or was practicing extortion. The pow-





ready in federal military or naval ser- er, .it is suggested, would be used

against such individuals or corpora-





vice. While it is impossible at present to tlons, and when that particular situa-

give full details regarding the grounds tion was controlled or the abuse elimi-

for exemption, as rules for exemption hated, the incident _Would be closed.

are only outlined in the selective draft 33313323351 $353015th ggpggiagggvglé

bill, and must in many cases be dlc- a similar condition.”



tated by the President, the following '

general statement regarding same was

authorized by the War Department and

published in the Official Bulletin of





May 24. . an air raid was made on England by

From the lists of persons SO reglster- German air ships, in which seventy-six

ed many names will subsequently be persons—twenty-seven of whom were

drawn by lot by the fairest system that women and twenty-three chiLdren—H

can be devised. Persons WhOSfB 112111185 were killed, while 174 were injured—n

are drawn and other persons interest- The Italian army is attracting atten-~

ed will be given an opportumty to pre‘ tion to the southern theatre of war by

set claims for exemption, BXCluSIOD, 01' its drive on Triest in which the troops

discharge from the draft and t0 SUD- moved forward two miles on May 27.

port such claims _by eVIdence. In this advance they cut through the

The determination of whether a pill“ Austrian lines between Jamiano and

ticular claim for exemption, EXClllSlOIl. the gulf and established themselves on

or discharge shall be granted W111 be, the outskirts of Medeazzo. They also

made by boards to be appointed by the captured the heights at the head of

President. These boards will function the Palliova Valley and consolidated

under the law and under regdlations their lines at other points—On the

prescribed by the Presrdent. The only western front German attacks on the

regulations that have as yet been pre- Aisne and Champagne battle fronts

scribed are those governing the reng- Were broken down under the terrific

tration alone. The determination of French fire_ British troops gained

exemptions, exclusions, and discharges further ground in the neighborhood of

is a second step quite separate from Fontaine les Croisslles. A German

the reglstratlon. . , , attack east of Loose was repulsed.—

Regulations governing the determl- 0n the Russian frontier the usual re-

natlon of exemptions, exclusions, and ciprocal firing has taken place, but no

(11301131393 Will: when promulgated, be infantry attacks by either side are re-

made available to all concerned at the ported in recent Official statements.

offices -of the local boards. Until such ——The submarine toll has decreased

regulations have been promulgated fur- during the past two Weeks. However,

‘ther lnformatlon can .not be given as it a considerable tonnage has recently

might later prove misleading; and ev- been destroyed. On Sunday a Spanish

en after the regulations have been steamer and 133 persons were lost, and

made publlc decisions concerning 9.x- six fishing boats were submarined on

emptlons, exclusxons, or discharges in the same day. ‘ »

individual “5‘595 can “Qt be made by The Brazilian congress is consider-

thls office, Since the law provides that in the cancellation of neutral rela—

all S9911 cases shall be heard and de- tions with Germany, as ‘stated in the

termlned by the boards to be estab decree of April 5. 1917. The sinking

”Shed for that purpose. of Brazilian merchantmen by German

Sentiment among Mich- 31:32:23? is given as the cause of

Government lgall farlners SEGmS t0 IIenI-y Morgenthau, forlner anlbas.

Price Fixing. favor quite strongly the sador to Turkey, has declared that ful-

fixillg of minimum pric- 3’1 ,0“? million figmeséggnfigl'gf 18;:

, elr “(98 Since e l

es by “1.9 governmf’nt {18 a means 0f war, as a result of the inhuman barbar-

stimulatlng production in the present ities practiced by the Turks.

emergency. While a great many he News by way of Amsterdam states





lieve that with the present World short- that many German newspapers and

Journals Will. be obliged to discontinue





age 0f fOOd SthfS there IS no reason publication because of the scarcity of

for any farmer to be fearful to in- paper. Other concerns will publish

crease production to the maximum 011130; twi)1 editéons weekly, W3“? 3 ff:

- - ‘ w e a owe to continue ai y, 11.

along any line and that prices are cer with a reduction in the size and num-

tam to be big for all products, yet ber of papers.

these concede that the establishment National.

of minimum prices for staples would Destructive tornadoes swept over

tend to stimulate production all along the country late last week and early

the line this, killing over 160 persons, injuring

' . .- . a thousand more and doing property

The proposal 1'01 the fixing of maxr damage estimated at $5,000,000. The

mum prices is less generally under; tornado-swept zone extends from Illi—

stood, and has brought about a misap- POlS ll: gelfiplfpffifiexflco- At Mattoon

. . . m cen 1' mols y- our persons are

prehenSlonin some quarters. But it is known to have been killed and 500 in:

understandmgly opposed only by the jured; at Charleston, ten miles east of

professional speculators in food stuffs; Mattoon, thirty-eight were killed and





as will become apparent to the reader ligfiwgfid'w at“: 1%: 322312032???

from the followmg statement by the jured "on Friday of last week. In’oth'er

Secretary of Agrlculture,

ment was issued on May 16 in re« Indiana the casualties were seven. in

Tennessee six, and in Kentucky three.



The. secret service agenciesdtboth





 





 

 

 





 





e deemed suite





How Soldiers

will be Drafted.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.





of prices on food products;

“Your letter of May 1, with enclosure possible means of discoVerlng

has“ been brought to my attention. (Continued on “page as)





9'





   

   

 





.





The European Vina—Late last week .





America and England are using every





would be of continuing operation. The 1





This state- Illinois towns eighteen were killed, in .
4‘





 





 

 

 

 





   

   





 





 

 





HE self-supporting reofis cam-

ing into more general use. Its

simplicity of construction, econ-

omy of material, and ample strength

when properly built make it a desira-

ble type of constructiOn. Using plank

for framing and building not over thir-

ty-six feet wide this type of Con-

struction can be recommended strong-

ly except in basement barns where‘six—





.teen to twenty-foot posts are wanted





above the basement. Thirty-six feet __

is considered sufficiently wide for prac-

tically any farm barn. This width is





J 1mm





Fig. 1.-—-Details of Framing for Plank





convenient ‘to house two rows of cows

headed eithér in or out and makes the

handling of hay convenient. Also, this

type and width of cOnstruCtion does

not require unusual lengths and widths

of lumber and uses the standard

lengths of lumber economically.





An excellent rule 'for roof slopes is

to-set the lower rafter on full pitch.

and making the lower rafter two feet

longer than the upper. For a thirty-

six-foot width of barn this will require

a sixteen-foot rafter for the lower slope

and a fourteen-foot rafter for the up-

per slope, with very little cutting or

waste. Or giving the slopes in another

way, the lower rafter should have a

six-inch/ run for a twelve-inch rise and

the upper rafter should have a twelve-

inch run for an eight-inch rise. 1



Figure No.1 shows the framing for

a self-supporting roof thirty- -four feet

wide. This is set on a cement block

wall which is made four feet high or

high enough to reach to the window

line. No lumber is needed in .this

frame over fourteen feet long and none

more than ten inches wide.



Figure No. 2 shows the framing for

a barn forty feet wide with self-sup-

porting roof. The bracing at the knee

of the rafters and at the plate is made

more substantial than in Figure No. 1

and the timbers are heavier. It is nec-

essary in both of these framing plans

to bolt and spike the brace which runs

from brace to center of barn.



Figure No.3 shows a good plan of

a general farm barn which is adapted

to use with framing plan shown in Fig-

ure No. 1. Half-basement construction

with a drive to the second floor would

be a deSirable way to build this barn.



Following are given the figures for

the strength or carrying capacities for

various size oak or yellow pine joists.



Elm,'beach or maple would not have

equal strength. but would serve very

well for construction except that re-

ceiving severe strain.





S‘afestrength or safe carrying‘capa—





‘ city of oak and yellow pine joists. The





figures given in pounds are for thick-

nesses of full two-inch and the carry-

ing capacities are for the pieces loaded

evenly. from one end to the other. The





prices also ‘e‘arry the load on edge and





1111111111911 111 both ends It is 1111‘-





“By PROF H H. MUSSELMAN





pisses are,





 

 

     





 





sound, straight grained, and free from

knots.

Lengths.





, 8ft.10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.-

Size. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs.





2X 6 . . . .1000 650 450 325 250

2x 8 . . . .1775 1425 1050 775 600

21110 2225 2225 1850 1500 1150

2X12 ..2650 2650 2650 2275 2000





The best hemlock would have a little





over half the strength of the above





pieces.



Taking as an example a two by ten-

inch joist fourteen feet long has a car-

rying capacity as shown in the table





Minna (2





. {Heroin}- A"





.14'

wag-415m





.r-z'm'

J'p/fzpd

alum

J“ IIJ7

dip _ [am

Frame Barn Thirty—four Feet Wide.





of 1500 pounds. If these were spaced

two feet apart under a hay mow the

load which the joist would carry would

be equivalent to a depth of heavy hay

of more than thirteen feet. For figur-





rBut even with this sorting,





 





pomting out the danger from scabby

seed, either treated or untreated. With

severe scabbing disinfecting is very

inefficient. Accordingly only smooth

stock free from scab should be used.



Plant Potatoes on Your Acid Soils.



Our best knowledge of the relation

to_ acid and alkali indicates our best

control will come in using potatoes on

the slightly acid soils. The potato is

one crop which tolerates very well acid

soil conditions. We must take advan-

tage of this relation to keep our acid

soils in use. The soil experts tell us

that Michigan soils are very short in

lime, hence, farmers will not have to

hunt far for suitable fields.



Potato scab is a disease which this





year, above all others, must be met.





Few realize the enormous loss that

scab is causing. It is not too much to

say that five per cent of Michigan’s

potato crop is too .scabby and worth-

less to be picked up at all. A glance

over any field at digging time shows

the great number of culls in the field.

there is

yet more to be taken. At the car, or

at least sometime bef01e the potato

gets through the market, the potatoes

are vigorously sorted and scabby stock

is put into the culls. Men at the great

potato market, Chicago, tell me that it

is not unusual to have five per cent of

culls in a car due to scab. In an ordi-

nary year these culls are worth from

five to ten cents a bushel. Instead of

potato scab being an insignificant fac—

tor, it probably turns ten per cent of

our potatoes into culls, stock not only

worthless of itself, but detrimental to

the market value of sound potatoes.

But there is yet another source of

loss. We are just coming to realize

that scab affects the potato plant aside

from disfiguring the tubers. The scab





 





 





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Fig. 2.—-Framing for Self—sup





ing this way hay is taken at 500

cubic feet per ton. In the same

way a two—by-twelve-by-fourteen joist

spaced two feet apart of yellow pine

would carry a depth of twenty feet of

heavy hay.





 





POTATO SCAB.





 





(Continued from first page).



pay to make a large trough which will

hold nine to twelve bushel crates, and

thus quickly treat a large quantity at

one time. This trough should'be made

of heavy stuff and may be easily made

water-tight by lining it with canvas or

tarpaulin'.‘



In all work, the poisonous nature (if



the chemical must be remembered and

the crystals, solutions, ,etc., be kept

away from live stock and children.

Treated potatoes cannot be used as

feed for stock.

. Potato seab control measures recog-

nize that the organism is present in all

soils, but argues that the organism

from scabby tubers is mort virulent. It

seeks to control the disease by cleans-

ipg the seed stock. ., . -





porting Roof Forty Feet Wide.





germ attacks the roots and stems and

weakens the plant.





toes. While estimates are lacking, I

believe that in its weakening effect, p0-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   





- tato scab is. costing us anotherlfive





It has been notic-

ed by observers that an extremely

scabby hill contains mostly small pota—





 

   





 





cent of the crop. _. .



Unless my observations of six years,-

in Michigan potato fields are wrong,

we are losing each year fifteen per

cent of our possible potato crop by-

this well known and neglected pal:-

asite.

At any time as a part of common-

sense farm economy, we ought to stop '

this great leak. It is a loss which in

ordinary years is the difference be-

tween success or failure in the potato.

crop.



In this year above all others, when

our acreage is small, our seed is poor,

and our duty is so evident, we ought -.





 





 





 





(/50 t 4 oz: 604920:sz

aways/74 T: To .10 GAL





to hit the form of loss that comes from

potato scab, and hit it hard. The great





gains in. yield are not to come so

much in increased yields per acre, so

much as they are to come from a.

greater conserving of the yield we





. now get.





FERTILIZING BEANS.





 





We want to use commercial fertiliz-

er on our bean land this year, and we

don’t know just how much is best to

put per acre to get best results out of

beans. Also, which would be best, to

sow fertilizer broadcast or in the hill

with beans? Our land is practically

clay land.



Leelanau Co. M. K.





There is no particular limit to the

amount of fertilizer to use on beans

when beans bring such prices as they

do at the present time. If beans were

down to $1.00 or $1.25 a bushel, then

one might figure that an extra amount

of fertilizer would raise the cost of

production so as to wipe out the profit,

but "with beans above $5.00 a bushel

the more fertilizer you use the better.



There is only one thing to be careful

about in fertilizing beans, and that is

not to put too much fertilizer right in

the drill with the seed. If the weather

is hot and dry as it is apt to be, too

much fertilizer will injure the germi—-

nating power of the beans. -



You suggest the very best way of

applying fertilizer to beans and that is

to distribute it broadcast before the

beans are planted and work it into the ,

soil. When you do it this way there is

absolutely no danger of injuring the

crop.



If the present price, or anywhere

near it, should hold on beans, I really

believe it would pay to use as high as

500 pounds of acid phosphate per acre

on ordinary land.



C'OLON C. LILLIE.





 





now new —





 





 





 

 

   

   

 





 





I4 ———-——~g—

"'14“:- Arum 543:1





\Lflh‘lflqrélmdy

a! up“ _

2 - - 2w





 





   





. Fig; 3.-—_—A Good.le for a general Far m, Basin Framed “inf-191,4 .:.
ff More Grain for the

~ FmerMere Profits

' for the lhreshernian‘





‘ TH E- Red River Special saves

‘ the farmer's high priced

grain—and saves the thresher-

man’s time. It beatsout thegrazgz.

Most threshers wait for thegratn

to drop out. The big cylinder,

the “Man Behind the Gun”. and

the beating shakers do the work

'ust as you would do it by‘hand.



rite for literature on the





Red River

Special





If you are a. thresherman, learn

how you can get the big money-

making runs. Crowd more bush-

els into the day’s work—more '

good jobs into the season’s run.





If you want a thresher for your

own use, learn about our Junior

Red River Special, the small

thresher built with the efficiency of big

high power machines. Ii ook it to your

tractor or gasoline engine. Saves the

grain like the Red River Special. Makes

home threshing pay. Built for long serv-

ice—has large. strong shafts . wide belts,

strong frame. It saves the farmer e

thresh bill. Write





. Nichols & Shepard Co.

In W Business Since 1843



- mm” ”Whitintéfie‘ém ”sch!



' Tmhregi‘himfing‘ines and Oil-Gas Tractors





i Battle Creek _ Michigan

‘lllll





so“

\-





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‘1\"‘1\\\





\‘K‘ttunttu

Lt‘i“





 





The CRIB {A . _ ,

WithTheS‘l‘EEL‘ RIB



. Buckeye Steel Grain Cribs are built

like a battleship! Heavy 20 gauge

galvanized steel sheets fit heav an-

gle steel ribs and the complete crib

stands like Gibraltar—a sure protec-'

(ion for precious com andgrain against rats.

mice, storm. fire and light—fingered niche

prowiers





Buckeye Cribs cure corn or house

rain, perfectly! A 10-inch upright per—





orated ventilator pipe in center keeps





a constantly flowing current or air pass-

ing through corn from the outside per-

forations. Thus corn dries naturally and

quickly.



These outside perforations are absm



‘ , lately rainproof~each is protected by an



overhanging lip—a miniature roof. that

sheds water like a duck's back.



Built round, oblong and double shed

form. Hold 200 bushels to 4000.



Write for free folder.

THE THOMAS & ARMSTRONG CO.

3612 Main St. London. Ohio





 





.Sow Cover Crops





between rows. Cut down labor end get better

results by seeding between rows with the





New Seeder





3 Feet Wide





Bows clover. alfalfa. turnip, rape, timothy. rye.

-whent, oats. buckwheat. ere-any quantity per

sure. 17 flatbed! cover seed thoroughly and make

not mule leaving ground flat. Also an ideal

untor. orks close to small plants and kills

weeds. In stock near you. Send for catalog.





some HOWEI CO.

I! Y





 





 





 

 

   

   

 

   

   

 

 





     

 





 

 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





Farm Notes



Potato Planting Methods. 1‘

Please inform me which would be

the best way to plant potatoes. I

have clover sod, out only once, and

the clover is all dead. The ground is

clay and sand in spots. I plowed it

quite deep with jointer, then top-dress-

ed it with stable manure. Would it

have been better to have plowed it

under? To my estimation it would go

too deep. Now would it be best to

plow shallow furrows, drop potatoes

and plow them in, or is it better to

plant with hand-planter? I thought by

plowing them in the manure would

mix with the ground. Any information

would be greatly appreciated. Owing

to the present situation I would like

to raise a good crop of potatoes.



St. Clair Co. G.



The manner of planting potatoes is

not essential, so long as the seed is

gotten in at a uniform depth in a seed

bed which is well prepared. This may

be accomplished by furrowing out and

dropping the potatoes in the furrow

and covering again, as successfully as

with the hand-planter if that method

is preferred. Then the ground may be

narrowed once or twice with a spike:

tooth barrow after heaVy showers and

before the potatoes come up.





While stable manure is usually plow~

ed down rather than used as a top-

dressing for potatoes, it is best applied

in the fall where this is done. As this

was applied on the surface and work

ed in, it is presumed that a heaVy ap—

plication was not made, in which case

this method should prove satisfactory.



Wireworms.



l have a five-acre field which was a

heavy sod about four years old, which

'was turned dowu and planted to beans

last year. On account of wireworms I

did not plant to oats or corn this

spring. I have it plowed again and in-

tend planting to beans, but some of my

neighbors said they would take the

beans. Will they? If so, is there any-

thing I can do to prevent it? I do not

find many now. Would the dry weath-

er affect them any ? The soil is a

clay loam with a. heavy clay bottom.



Tuscola Co. A. C.



While beans, are not entirely immune

to attacks of Wireworms, they are, to-

gether with peas and buckwheat, less

severely attacked than is com or

spring sown grain. While the life cy-

cle of the wireworm covers about three

years, yet after the second plowing,

they will not be so numerous, because

some of the larvae will doubtless have

matured the adult beetles before that

time.



About the only thing which can'be

done to lessen the trouble is the prac-

tice of comparatively deep cultivation

of the soil. If this land is to be put

into beans it should be plowed and

cultivated deeply before planting and

the beans cultivated as deeply as prac.

tical the first and perhaps the second

cultivation. Wireworms are of differ—

ent kinds. some species living only in

land that is poorly drained, and on

such soil filo draining is beneficial.

The application of lime is also said to

have a beneficial effect where the soil

is infested with wireworms.





 





USE LIME.





 





Authorized statement by 'Carl Vroo-

man. Assistant Secretary of Agricul-

turc.



is it too late materially to increase

our national food supply this spring?



Not if our farmers in the eastern





 





 





 





 





   

 





Mtlon The'Miflriga'n Former When





 





 





half of the country will promptly re-

sort to the use of the cheapest and

quickest known agency for speeding

up national production of food stuffs-—

namely, limo.





l Prices of most commercial fertilizers





at present. are high. Potash is almost

unobtainable. Only by most scrupu-

lous conservation of stable manure,

and an increased use of legumes as

green manure, and of grOund rock

phosphate, can the commercial fertil-

izer shortage be met, even tempoara-

ily. There remains one thing, how-

ever, that may be done to increase

yields. which costs no more now than

it did before. It may safely be said, I





 





believe, that iii-tall source‘s’go

chemical fertilizers .failed, our





 

 

 

 





farm output in many sections could





‘not only be maintained, but even in-





creased for a considerable time simply

by the application of lime to acreages

that now are low in yield or lying fal-

low because they are too sour to grow

profitable crops. Lime can and should

be put on all sour land. By a plentiful

use of lime we can, figuratively speak-

ing, make our “war bread” of stones.



There is perhaps no considerable

section of the United States without

some local supply of limestone, marl

or oyster shells. Ground limestone for

direct application to the soil costs, de-

livered on the nearest siding, from $1

per ton up, depending on the length 'of

the haul. If crushed limestone is not

available, burned lime, either ground

or hydrated for agricultural use or the

ordinary lump lime carried ‘by all deal-

ers in building materials, may be used

in emergency, though lime in this form

is frequently more expensive. On the

other hand, if burned or hydrated lime

is used the applications should be less

than one-half those of ground lime~

stone.



Thus, there is available for almost

every farmer, at normal cost, in spite

of war conditions, a. material which,

for the time being, may avail to in-

crease our agricultural output enor-

mously. The initial returns from the

application of lime to sour land. are

sometimes remarkable. An investment

in limestone often pays a dividend of

a hundred per cent or more the first

year, if care is taken at the same time

to maintain the organic content of the

soil.



It is the duty of American farmers,

in this national crisis, to make the

most of this, our cheapest and most

easily available agency for speeding

up production. War or no~war, a car-

load of crushed limestone where need-

ed is always money in the farmer's

pocket at the end of the crop year.

And a carload of limestone, judiciously

used by each farmer whose land is too

acid, will augment our supply of bread-

stuffs by a surprising number of mil-

lions of bushels.





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





’The excessive wet weather in our

vicinity came to an end suddenly and

cold, dry north winds dried the land

off so quickly that heavy crusts were

formed and our clay soil was plowed

when too wet and became so hard in

places that: it was almost impossible

to put it, in condition for seed bed. The

cat ground was exceedingly difficult to

prepare and even after the cats were

sown I had the men go over it twice

with a pulverizer and twice with a roll-

er a'nd then the heavy clay portions

were none too good. All the while it

kept. getting drier and drier but finally

on Saturday, the nineteenth, we had

rain which moistened up the surface

and allowed the cats to germinate. To-

day, the twenty-second, we are having

a heavy rain but we can use a good

rain at this time without detriment.

The only fear is that it will continue

to rain and delay planting the corn

and the beans as it did last summer.

We were getting the ground in good

condition and we intended to plant

corn and lima beans today; now, how-

ever, it will depend on weather condi-

tions when we plant.



One who never farmed clay soil can

have no conception of the extra work

it makes in having the season first too

wet and then too dry. On light soil or

sandy soil, it doesn’t make very much

difference but on heavy loam and clay

it makes an immense amount of work.

You get the clay land fairly well pre-

pared and then there comes a heavy

rain, usually the ground dries off quick-

ly and a heavy crust is formed and it

takes an immense amount of. work to

prepare it again. It does seem asif





 





re ' were than





used: tube JWe use [to get nice





eaSy rains, it rained just fast encugb ,





so that the soil could absorb it with-

Out waste. Such rains didn’t cause the

land to bake so hard, but, late years,

when we get a. rain it simply pours,

hammers the ground down, lots of it

runs away, requiring this extra labor

in preparing. Perhaps conditions will

change back again. ‘

The Wheat Crop.





During all this time wheat in our

vicinity has been doing fairly well. It

is making a good growthand if it.

wasn't for the places that were killed

but by ice in the winter time, we would

have a splendid crop. On my farm I

believe we will have a fair crop any

way. On well drained land theewheat

has a good color, it looks healthy, and

I see nothing to prevent its developing





into a good crop. Of course, the win- "





tor-killed places are going to cut down

the yield on some fields immensely but

where wheat didn’t winterkill it seems

to me it is unusually thrifty.



I have just made a short business

trip in Ohio, and my observation is

that they have better wheat down in

that country than we have in Michigan,

very little of it seems to be winter~

killed, and that, too, has a splendid

color and will make a good app, I be

lieve. The cat crop down there is

backward as well as in Michigan, most.

of the fields are just nicely up and

here it is past the middle of May. Un-

less we have a very unusual season I

look for a poor yield of oats.



Alfalfa is Winter-killed.





I stated in- a former issue that the

alfalfa was coming up slowly and I at-

tributed this to the fact that we had

top-dressed the alfalfa, heavily during

the winter time. This manure held the

snow quite a bit later this spring and

prevented the sun from warming up

the ground. On the clay side hills

which. received the more direct rays of

the sun the alfalfa made a better start.

Now, I didn't closely examinevbut I

took it for granted that the alfalfa.

would come later, but large areas of

this alfalfa are absolutely dead. No

wonder it didn‘t start early. I am com

vinced that the same conditions which

make our wheat Spotted killed the

alfalfa. The ground remained unfroz-

en all winter, covered by a deep bed

of snow; when this snow went off ear-

ly this spring, then the ground froze,

and While the ground was in this froz-

en condition we had storms of rain

and snow; this melted and every little

depression held this water which could

not drain through into the tile drains





and when the weather turned cold it,





froze into a layer of ice. and in every

instance where this ice formed, the

alfalfa is dead. My best field of alfal

fa is going to be a sorry looking sight.

I believe it would pay to plow this up

and put it into corn if we had the time

to do it. Of course, it‘is not too late

to plant corn but it means a lot of

work for the teams, it means a lot

more cultivating all summer, it, means

work that we didn't plan on doing. and





in my opinion, we had better taker»





what alfalfa we can get and not change



our plans for this season. We have



got all the worklhat we can do.

Clover Hardicrthan Alfalfa.



We have sixty acres of new seeded

common red clover and this has stood

the winter well. None of it has been

destroyed by this icy condition that

killed the wheat and the alfalfa. This





proves that red clover is much hardier‘





than alfalfa, even after‘alfalfa is well

established. The clover is all new

seeding and hasn’t the root develop-

ment that it will get. The alfalfa was

two or three years old and well estab-

lished. After this winter—killing of al-

falfa] think I can notice that the





Grimm alfalfa has stood the severe ' '

test the best; it is a little bit too early -

to tell, but I believe it is-hardier than. ‘_

ordinary varieties. 0011311- {3. Home. '
1

i

i





 





'l

1

i





2‘





 





 





EES near the garden will insure

the cucumber crop being fertiliz-

ed. When cucumbers are grown



for pickles on a large scale be sure

that the soil contains a fair amount of

nitrogen and potash. To insure a heal-

thy crop the young plants must be

sprayed for blight, using Bordeaux

mixture (three pounds of copper sul-

phate, six pounds of lime, fifty gallons

of water). The spraying must begin

as soon. as blight appears in order to

save the crop.



The insect enemies of importance

are the striped bug, cutworms and

green lice. The “striped bug” or cu-

cumber beetle, is difficult to control,

but Paris green or pyrethrum dusted

011 the plants will assist in destroying

the pest. Small frames placed over

the plants until they are fairly well de-

veloped are probably the best and the

cheapest method of control. These lit-

tle. square boxes covered with cheese-

cloth or glass can be used for many

years and their cost divided up against

several crops does not make a large,

item. Plowing the ground early and

keeping down the weeds will usually

prevent the ravages of cutworms A

Solution of one part nicotine to 500

parts water will destroy the. green lice.

Like all other pests, the insect ene-

mies of the cucumber can be largely

controlled by clean cultivation. Burn-

ing the vines every fall after harvest

will destroy many pests and assist in

protecting the next year’s crop.



In growing cucumbers for pickles,

the quantity of ground planted to the

crop is less important than the quality

of'care which the crop receives. There

is much work in producing cucumbers

for pickle factories but in some sec-

tions it has paid an excellent profit.

Not every farmer can take up such a

crop as the time required for its culti-

vation and harvesting may seriously

interfere with other work which may

be more profitable.



In harvesting cucumbers for pickles,

the 'vines may be picked up from the

ground and then carefully replaced.

This enables the grower to pick a

large part of the crop without con-





‘ stantly bending over or working on





the knees, and it will not injure the

vines.



Any good garden soil capable of rais-

ing corn or potatoes will produce cu-

cumbers if given the right amount of

cultivation. The young plants need

plenty of moisture and weeds will soon

strangle them. R. G. KIRBY.





Planting Out the Celery.





Many of the early maturing garden

crops, like beans, peas, sweet corn and

early potatoes, are off the ground in

time to make use of the same ground

for fall crops of celery. Of course, the

plants have been in preparation, but

they are better for being grown in the

beds or pots during this ,early period,

for they can be given better culture,

shade and water. Then the prepara-

tion of the soil for the celery crop can

begin‘in the spring with the prepara-

tionfor the early crop, and be contin-

ued until the celery planting season.





”Celery soil must be exceptionally

rich. One authority says that the

ground should receive a six-inch coat

of manure every season, but this is

more than many fields will get in two

or three years. Still it gives you an

idea of how rich the soil should be,

and relieve you of any fear of overdo-

ing it on your plot. Avoid fresh ma-





" nure, and you need not fear giving too

. much. Celery plants are gross feeders,





and do not grow satisfactory stalks

without rich soil and a fairly good

supply of moisture.



When the ground is? enriched well

for the first crop the best fertilizer to

use just before planting out the celery





 





,is bone meal unless you have a supply

] .





 

 





cgeta





 

 





‘sIc ' Garden A

a mixture of the two would be ideal,

using about a half pound of bone meal,

to the rod of row. Use double this if

used alone, about five pounds to the

square rod of ground prepared. This

should cost you not over ten cents, and

you cancount on getting ’many times

ten cents. more celery from your

square rod because of it, if other condi-

tions are right.



Your celery plants should be stocky

and well rooted It is best to trans—

plant all celery plants at least once be-

fore setting in the garden, for this

breaks the tap root and causes the for—

mation of many fiber roots, making the

plants take hold of the soil quicker in

their new positions. Potted plants are

less apt to die than those dug from

beds and set out. The new paper dirt

hands now on the market, square in

shape, without bottoms, are ideal to

pot the plants‘into, and it is so easy

to remove the bands and set the plants

with absolutely no disturbance of the,

roots.



Set the plants firmly six inches

apart, sorting them so the plants do"

not vary much in size, for if a little

plant is set between two bigones you

might as well hid it good—bye, and your ;

large plants will not blanch as well as

if a large plant had been used instead,





 





 





 





,- 111-7 the general sense or" therein-‘1'] :It

\ will not loosen a comp-act soil, neither.





will it dig out nor cover up large

weeds. It will not break up and mel-

low a crusted surface, but it may often

be used to prevent one forming. As a

weed destroyer its service is one of

prevention. The weeder is a supplemen-

tary‘cultivating tool. The manner in

which it does its work must be under-

stood. It must be used at the right

time to secure compensating results}



Though ordinarily unadapted to kill-

ing, weeds of size, there are certain

times when it may be used for this

purpose to good, advantage. When light

precipitation closely follows cultiva-

tion with regular tools, the weeder

may be used to re-create the earth

mulch when, by going crosswise of pre—

vious cultivation, many‘ weeds "that

may be in the rows or among the

plants will be smothered by the loose

earth pulled over them.



I find the weeder of great service in

maintaining clean cultu1e close to the

plants and the earth mulch over, the





‘entire surface of the field. "Of course,





it is used supplementary to other tools.

It is of little use after heavy rains, nor

will it maintain'the necessary depth of

mulch alone. ”Its teeth do not- work

deep enough for‘this. 'But after light

showers,'when' there is, need of getting

over the giound quicklyits wide sweep

admirably fits it fox the purpose, while





 





 





 





Blossoming Time is a Critical Period.

will Stand a Temperature of





 





Most Fruits, when in Full Blossom,

30 Degrees without Injury.





 





one that could not have been crowded

out by its neighbors. Do not use any

water before planting unless ground

is extra dry, when the water should be

applied and allowed to settle until the

soil will not pack before the plant set-

ting begins. After the plants are set

the row can be well watered and a lit-

tle dry soil drawn over the wet surface

to keep the moisture from evaporating

and to, prevent crusting. From the first

to the fifteenth of July is the best time

for setting for the main crop.



Some prefer to grow their celery on

the level, and others deep in trenches.

I preferred a shallow tench, just such

as .I could form with the plow of a

wheelhoe, plowing as deep as I could,

the space between each row being a

“land,’f with the back furrow in the

middle, and the dead furrows for the

row of celery. If one plowing did not

seem deep enough I let it settle a little

and then threw another back—furrow on

top of the first, and that made my

dead furrows still deeper. L. H. COBB.

The Horse Weeder in Garden Crops.



Though unadapted to use in the

small family garden, the horse weeder

may often be used to good advantage

in the growing of garden crops of all

kinds. To be sure, it may not be used

at all stages. cf crop development, nor

yet under every condition of soil Still,

at certain stages of growth under cer-

tain soil conditions it will fill the bill

to the dot. This holds good, even with

such crops as onions, beets, carrots

and the like ~.



1 The weeder is not a cultivating tool





its slender supple teeth fit it for work-

ing close'to the base of the plants with—

out injury to them.



There is no othertool- so well'fitted

for this sort of work. The great beauty

of its work is that the soil is nicely

loosened close to the base of the plants,

even more perfectly perhaps than if

done with the fingers. True, some of

the leaves look mussed and a very few

may be broken from the plant, but in

a few hours the disarranged'leaves

have assumed a normal position and

appearance, and as to the loss of a

few leaves, this is an insignificant mat-

ter as compared .to the good contrib—

uted by the super-excellent ' earth

mulch created close about the plants.



With such crops as onions, beets,

carrots, etc, it has been my experi-

ence that this tool does Its best work

going crosswise following regular cul-

tivation. Of course, the feet of the

horse will crush a few plants, and now

and then one may be pulled out by the

weeder teeth, nevertheless, in a few

hours the plants will have assumed a

normal position, and the renewed and

increased vigor with which they grow

gives ample proof of the efficiency of

the. operation.





Emmet Co. M. N. EDGERTON.





Cabbage growers in the vicinity of





Jonesville Hillsdale county, have se-

cured a price of $6 per ton for the en-

tire season at the local kraut plant,

which is well in advance of former

years and about 200 acres have been

placed under contract





   





ON’T handi-



cap yourself



in a business way or



socially with a painful



corn. There’s no need



to keep your mind on

your corn.



Blue-jay—the eaSy way—-

brings instant relieffrom pain.

And your corns are gone in

48 hours. That is, the aver-

age corn. Some very stub-

born cases require a second

or third treatment.



Millions upon millions of

corns have been removed the

Blue-jay way. Millions of

families keep a supply on

hand, and they never have

corns. You, too, can be freed

now and forever.



Paring corns brings only

temporary relief. And harsh

liquids are dangerous. Blue-

jay is the scientific way.





BAUER & BLACK

Chicago and New York

Makers of Surgical Dressings, etc.

Sold by All Druggists

l< Also Blue-jay Bunion Plaster;





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





Stops Pain—Ends Corns

Instantly Quickly





   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





 





MAKE ACRE PAY 1



Freedom from insects on your crops

means larger yields—increased p1of-

its. Sm ay x’Melons. Cabbage, Turnips,

Onions and other vegetables. and

fruits with Black Leaf 40. Kills

Aphis, Th11ps and similar insects.

BlackLe af 4015 isused by success-

£111 growers. Recommended by

Agricultural Colleges and Expert-

ment Stations. Valuable vege-



table booklets FREE. Wr its

The Kentucky Tobacco Product Gm/

Incorporated. 011111. 6 Loulsvillo.lly./





 





 





 





FOR TYING





eCELERY

ASPARAGUS





IN FAST COLORS

TAPES FOR ALL PURPOSES





Hoffman-Corr Tape Mfg. Co.





308 Market Street, Philadelphia





 





 





Augusta Basket Co.

Manufacturers of

Best Quality Fruit

Packages, Baskets,

Crates, etc., Write

for 1917 catalo

‘ . and price list. fill.“

"Basswood Quarts" gusta, Michlgan.





Pulverlsed limelrook for sour" .

soil 5. Write for LOW PRICE?

DIRECT OYOU and we wil '

send sample and full lpntlou-





11.0 111 not . ”

LAKE SHORE "STOl‘E lasauoeAnnY. ”u T

luuhocoh.mcl1.und80uthnnven. m





AGRICULTURAL “EMS?“





Limeston uni-00.





 





 





Northern , _.

Lime and P1111 exiled). ‘





high minim limestone. mdm°’mbom::l1;atnn

the mar at Your ingui'rld 11111:. to611111

lobed on request. Northern mo 00.. stock
HE passage of the selective draft

measure by congress makes cer-

, taln the immediate preparation

3 "and equipment of an army of at least

a million men in 1917. All prepara~

tions are being made for a war that

will last three years, for regardless of

what civilians, may think, army offi-

cials do not expect an early ending to

the war into which the United States

has been drawn.



The requirements of cavalry, infan-

try and artillery regiments in horses

and mules are set forth in a letter just

received by the writer tom the War

Department, Washington, D. C., to-be

as follows:



Cavalry Regiment, 1541 horses; 152

draft mules; 20 pack mules; six riding

mules.



Infantry Regiment, 69 riding horses;

112 draft mules; 25 pack mules; six

riding mules.



Artillery Regiment, 1097 horses; 88

draft. mules; four riding mules.



These are minimum requirements,

and do not take into account transpor-

tation trains required to forward sup‘

plies from terminal points to the field

bases. In other words, the number of



animals specified above refer only to

those actually needed with the troops.



The war strength of a regiment of

infantry is approximately 1500 men;



. of a regiment of cavalry approximately

1300 men; of a regiment of artillery

loansisting of six batteries of four guns

each, approximately 1146 men. While

definite information as to the propor-

tion of infantry, cavalry and artillery

to be included in the new army is not

yet forthcoming, it is generally under

stood among zit-111:: officials that an ar-

tillery battery 01' four guns will be

allowed for each 1000 infantry. It

seems probable therefore that the first

one million men placed under army by

the United Sitiies will be composed of

500 regiments oi‘ infantry totaling 750.-

000 men, 125 regiments of artillery t0-

taling 143,250 men. and 100 regiments

of cavalry totaling 130,000 men, mak~

Mg 21 grand total of a little over 1,000,-

000 men. The proportion of artillery

certainly will not be less, and may be

more, as actual warfare on European

battlefields has demonstrated that ov-

erwhelming superiority in the artillery

branch of the service is essential to

efficient operation by the infantry.



It may be argued that there is no

probability that the United Stateswill

prepare 100 regiments of cavalry, but

in View of the danger from the Mexi-

can situation. it appears to be the be-



' lief of well—informed army officers that

at least that many cavalry regiments

will be provided for in this year’s

mobilization.



To equip 500 regiments of infantry

will require 34.500 riding horses, 56,000

draft mules, 12,500 pack mules, and

3,000 riding mules. One hundred and

tWenty-flve regiments: of artillery will

require 137.025 horses, 10,000 draft

mules, and 500 riding mules. The

equipment of 100 regiments of cavalry

will necessitate 154.100 horses, 15.200

draft mules, 2,900 pack mules, and 600

riding mules. The total number there-

fore required for the equipment of 500

regiments of infantry, 125 of artillery,

and 100 of cavalry, will amount to

325,625 horses and 100.700 mules.



The army has at present only 70,000

head of horses and mules. This means

that approxhnateiy 350,000 head of

horses and mules must. be bought with-



' in the next six months. No information

‘7 has yet been received fr0m the army

Lauthorities in regard to how the pur-

7 clause of these horses and mules will

30 made. In the judgment of experi-

enced horsemen however, the purchase

at .so large a number of horses and

aloe within the limited time avail-

able can best be accomplished by set-

v‘ ’ definite price to be paid by the





 

 





 

   





,‘Army Horse Requirements

" By WAYNE DINSMORE -





m the diaerent animals that





will pass inspection for their respec-

tive classes, and by establishing ten or

fifteen inspection points where horses

and mules may be tendered for: inspec-

tion. This will permit dealers, large

or small, or even farmers, to consign

their horses directly to inspection

points with definite information in re-

gard to what they will obtain for them

if they pass inspection. There seems

to be no good reason why the produc-

ers of horses should not be permitted

to sell them directly to the govern-

ment, if they pass inspection, instead

of being obliged to sell them through

some intervening contractor. It is ear-

nestly to be hoped that the army offi-

cinls will decide 011 some general plan.



It must not be forgotten that the

allied nations are still in the market,

and will continue to be. Their need

for horses and mules is as great as for

guns and ammunition; indeed, even

women, because they can manufac-

ture the guns and ammunition in their

own countries. but their resources in

horses and mules have already been

exhausted, and the United States is

the only source from which they can

obtain additional supplies. Eight hun—





tired artiahraerthousmu on hundred; -'

sixteen head of horses and 28936211131111 ' ,

of mules have been- exported, practi?





cally all of them for war purposes, dur‘

mg the thirty months ending March 1,

1917. In spite of the shortage of

ships, 40,000 head of horses and mules

were shipped in. January, 1917, and

more than £7,000 head in February,





(1917.





Recent accounts from the battle

front relating the losses of hundreds

of pieces of artillery by the Germans

in recent oprations state that the loss

of these pieces was due recently to the

lack of artillery horses.





It is fortunate that the United States

is well supplied with both horses and

mules at the present time, but it is in-

cumbent upon us, if we are to main-

tainour resources so as to effectually

back up our armies and maintain max-

imum production on our farms, to see

that every good mare is bred to a

first-class stallion this season, and that

every effort is made to save the foals

that will be coming within the next few

weeks. The war may yet be decided

by the number of horses available to

the respective belligerents, for on the

far-flung battle lines and in {he re

serve made up of our farm forces,the

horse is the most important single" fac-

tor aside from man.





lIllllllilillllilllillllilllliiillllllliliiiliilillillliilllliilllilliiliiiilillIlillillllillllliliIllliillillilllllllllllllillliiliilliilillllllllillllliillllllilllllllillllllllillilllllllllllllillllliiliilillllllillillliillflllllumillllmm





The Brood Sow Situation





By N. A. CLAPP





THE. brood sow situation in the

country at the present time, is

a serious one. In the weekly let-

ter from the Department of Agricul-

ture, Washington, D. C.. two articles

are devoted to the Subject. From a

condition when last fall it seemed that

we had a surplus of hogs, the numbers

on the farms have so diminished that

a note of alarm is sounded to call the

attention of the farmers to the real

situation. Probably on account of the

extremely high prices for grains the

number of hogs has been greatly re-

duced. The matter of disposing of the

hogs has been carried so far that in

very many cases not even a brood sow

has been retained from which to raise

pigs to feed fer pork the coming fall.



The outlook for high prices for pork

meals is very good. The needs of the

armies in Europe must be met with

something, and no other meat can be

so conveniently handled as pork

111eats, notably bacon, side pork and

hams. The demand for lard is also

very great. To use an expression from

the weekly letter, "The farmers have

sold the goose, which it‘ it had been

kept, would have laid golden eggs.”



There seems to be much interest

manifested in increasing the acreage

sown to spring grains and planted to

corn. Such may be a wise plan, but

with a large amount of grain 011 hand

next fall it will be a wise plan to have

some pigs to convert some of it into

pork. The number of brood sows is

too small to supply the entire needs.

Prices will be so high for the spring

pigs to feed in the fall that a large per-

centage of the same will be sold While

light in weight and the numbers di-

minished to that extent that there will

be a need of more pigs to make more

pork to sell at. the high prices which

will prevail. A



it is a good plan to raise two litters

of pigs each year from the brood sows,

one in the spring and one in the fall.

The sow that farrowed her litter in

April can be b1 ed in the lattei part of

May and during the month of June

fbrfall litters. In my own experience

I have found the conditions during the

months of September, October and the

early part of November, very favorable

for saving and raising pigs There is

usually an abundance of grass for the

sows to eat at that time and there‘is





an opportunity for the pigs to run





about and get the exercisewmch they





need to help them to develop while





they are learning to eat the tender

grasses which help to expand their

stomachs while small and enable them

to grow more rapidly later on than

would be possible if they were not al-

lowed to eat the grass.



The fall pigs, which are liberally fed

while young, can be made to grow up

to market weights very quickly and

cheaply, too. If crowded along while

young one will not have little pigs to

winter from which to make pork, but

they will have young hogs of good

weight! and large proportions to eat

the feeds and soon reach popular mar-

ket weights. Good pig raisers can, if

they will try, make the fall pigs weigh

fifty pounds at two months of age, and

from ninety to one hundred pounds at

the end of three months.





Believing that the number of what is





considered the brood sows is not suffi-

cient to produce a sufficient number of





pigs to meet the needs of the farmers '





in consuming the odds and ends of the

grains, fruits and vegetables that will

be raised on the farms the present sea-

son, it is suggested that selections

from the young sows that were win-

tered over from last fall's litters be

made- and the same be bred to farrow

pigs during the coming fall. Such Se-

lections can be made‘to serve an ex-

cellent purpose and aid, very mate-

rially, in supplying the needed number

of hogs on the farms.



That the situation is a serious one

those who have given the matter a

little consideration will admit. More

pigs will be needed to consume the

feeds 011 the farms and make up a part

of the income from the products of

the farm. And farther, more pork

meats will be needed to not only sup-

ply the great armies that are in the

field in the European war, but the

great armies of laborers in our various

industries. If means are not devised

at the present time to meet the future

needs of this country, we will be com-

pelled to face a meat famine, and we

are pretty close to it now. Germany

is not considered a pork producing

country, but during the last year the

number of hogs in that country were

increased from thirteen millions to

seventeen millions, an increase of four

millions, and the work on the farms is

being performed, largely; by women,

old men and children. Shall we, an

intelligent‘people, which we think we

are, be less prudent in preparing to

meet our future needs? '





teresting phases of farm life and work





to me, and I am going to tell you the





method I follow in feeding, which is

very successful.





I have read many articles onthis'





subject and have taken some ideas

from a number and have worked but

a system of feeding that is very eco‘

nomical and effective. '



When the calf is one day old, or at.

most, not more than two days, I take it

away from the mother and commence

feeding it from a bucket. I find that

it. is much better and easier for both

the mother and the calf to be separat-

ed when the calf is "very young, and

it can be taught to drink much more

easily at this time than if allowed to

run .with the cow for a longer period.



I milk the cow night and morning

in the regular way. While the milk is

still warm.l put about three quarts in

the‘bucket and teach the calf to drink

it. I feed in this way until the calf is

three or four days old. Then I get a

supply of calf meal and gradually sub-

stitute skim—milk for the whole milk.



This is the way I prepare the meal.

Place a tablespoonful in the feeding

bucket and pour over it slewly about

a quart of hot water and stir until the

mixture is smooth. I then add about

two quarts of warm milk and a very

small amount of salt (about a. tea

spoonful). The feed should be the

same temperature when fed, as it is

when it comes from the cow. If the

feed is too hot it will constipate the

calf and if too cold will cause a loose-

ness of the bowels.



I gradually increase the amount of

meal, also the amount of milk, (subw

stituting skim-milk entirely for the

whole milk by the time the calf is a

week old), until I am using about four

tablespoonfuls of meal and five or six

quarts of milk by the time the calf is

a month old. I then decrease graduab





ly the amount of meal and after the,





calf has eaten the milk I place a small

amount of bran in the bottom of the

bucket and allow the calf to lick it. I

increase the bran‘ as I decrease the

meal and keep increasing the milk as

the calf gets older.



If placed. where it can “nibble” grass

or clover hay. it will soon learn to eat

roughage. As soon as it eats rough—

age readily I give it an occasional nub-

bin and by the time it is six months

old I wean it from milk and feed it.

clean water. roughage, and either an

ear of corn or about a pound of bran

to a feed.



My calves are always round and

their coats are sleek and glass‘y and I

never have any trouble with their

bowels.



In summer. unless you have a sep-

arator, it is sometimes a difficult mat

for to keep the milk sweet until time

to skim. I find, however, that sour

milk is not injurious to calves. even

thought quite young. But if sour milk





is fed, it should be fed constantly and





not alternated with sweet.





[ would lay great stress on keeping.





the feeding pail clean and the stall or





place where the calf is tied should also-





be kept clean and wholesome.



I have raised calves on as little as

fifty cents worth of the "meal, which

you will admit is very much cheaper

than allowing the calf to nurse the

cow for a month or two, as some ad-

vocate. A few pounds of butter will





buy enough meal for a calf, and a rea-4





sonable- production being eight pounds

per week you can readily see the ad

vantages of this manner of feeding.





I have had opportunity to compare





my. way of feeding-with that of farm-

ers who allow the Calf town with the-





cow and in mast instances thexesults'





obtained have been in favor of my

method. I also believe that a cow will

do better if milked in the regular way





and at regular hours, than it the cal! _





is allowed to nurse '

Newer; ° Cw?





 





 





Raising calves is one’ of the most in—





 

   

 





 





 





 





g-‘Abu-rx r,‘ < 5"





.. .-\'
. gt.” Where'the





_ HE post mortems held over de-

‘ ' funct "dairy enterprises and dis-

.‘persed milking herds leads one

unavoidably to the conclusion that the

low price paid for non-butter—fat milk

solids is the most important cause of

their loss. The glorifications of effi-

ciency in herd feed and care, with the

high yielding cow and her sons and

daughters, have been unable to main-

tain the dairy herd’s output propor-

tionate to consumption. The dairyman

has either a positive grievance or else

is a causelessly irritable and undesir-

able citizen. .By the logic of exclusion

the dairyman who was and who has

ceased to be, becomes normal when en-

gaged in other forms of farm produc-

tion.





 





The Price of Protein.





As a matter of history and chronol-

ogy, the rise of the factory using milk

for manufacture had its beginning at

a. period when protein foods were no-

toriously cheap. The early days were

favored with cheap» game and fish.

Thirty years ago the great western

plain states turned in an overwhel-

ming supply of beef animals. At that

time Chicago hotels would serve great

steaks on individual platters; today a

similar repast would cost- at least

$2.50. It was during this period when

all protein feeds, including the by-

products of bran, middlings, oil meal,

etc., were cheap and not in great de-

mand. Skim-milk was the diluted pro-

tein food not possible to store or trans-

port. It was like a low grade ore, too

low to profitably operate. It was under

these circumstances that condensaries

came into operation. The non-butter-

fat solids in milk were essential and

too high a butter-fat content was unde-

~sirable.



Dairying and Soil Fertility.



The Holstein cow has been the

embodiment of these desirable condi-

tions, her milk was well balanced for

both, to the consumer of whole milk

and for condensing, the mineral con-

tent so desirable for children’s growth

was exceptionally high. The Holstein

breed working under these conditions

came rapidly to the foreground be-

cause the breed was pre-eminent in

capacity to convert great quantities of

roughage into milk. The silo with its

power to contain roughage, followed in

the wake of these economic facts.

There was an adjustment of breed,

feed and market that was both natural

and profitable. This tendency was

thwarted by the arbitrary determina-

tion to follow closely the prices paid

for butter-fat and the undervaluation

of the non-butter-fat solids and at a

time when all protein food products

were advancing rapidly in price, and

also the depletion of soil fertility. The

maintenance of soil fertility by dairy-

ihg is a fact under normal conditions.

The arguments for soil fertility by the

dairy cow was artfully put to the dairy-

man as an annual asset, but the ex-

tracted food from his soil by all the

rights of book-keeping was first a debit

charge and at the best could only

maintain the balance when feed was

purchased, and this feed has advanced

in price.



p __ The Sources of Protein.



The advised man, for or, such is the

kingdom of agriculture, was told to

grow his protein, food and with that

came legume crops, new andold, fer





dairy herds. The efficient grower .of-





cow foOds is 'an essential accompani-

mentto the 'efiicie‘ntcow. But nature

haddeclared that protein Was the cost-

I‘y element to produce in grains, and as

a rule the high protein grains were the

sparse} yielders. The‘l'egumes in for-

age), like , clover and alfalfa, ‘were for

. animal foods and these in .turn were

' ‘ ' fines Which-Were able ‘to‘ take in-

= he wen p.179:





   

   





 





Eeak In th eDai ry Was FOu





By JAMES N. MCBRIDE





soil md.-nb£,;mmft‘he'





 

 





a





 





air like oats and beans, advanced in

price because used directly as human

food." Other prOtein animal foods, like

oil meal and cottonseed meal, got their

nitrogen from the soil (not from the

air) and when the oils were extracted,

advanced in price. Because of their

oil products and lint, one- might have

assumed that these would have re-

mained low in price but in trade lan-

guage, they were held in strong hands

and the prices were well maintained.

The nitrogen in alfalfa and clovers

was almost exclusively food for cattle

and these feeds, deriving their protein

from, the atmospheric nitrogen, cost

the farmer nothing, consequently the

source of protein in the milk was na-





. ture’s'gift and small provision was





made for the dairyman as a trapper of

food from. the air.

Price of Milk Not on Fair Basis.





In a general way food stuffs are pric-

ed on their calories or total food pow-

er and this price is made up of the

two items, largely protein and carbo-

hydrates, with the proteins the most

costly and difficult of production. With

milk, however, these normal facts are

reversed arbitrarily. One pound of av4

erage whole milk would contain 314

calories. If the butter-fat were taken

out the skim-milk would be 167 calor-

ies, or fifty-one per cent non-butter-fat

solids. For the fifty-one per cent ap-

proximately 25 per cent of the total

cost of the milk is paid the producer.

These non—butter-fat solids are essen-

tial to the consumers of whole milk,

condensed milk, milk powder, etc., and

are paid for by them, but the manu-

facturer does not properly compensate

the dairyman for them. .These same

elements of food in steak, eggs and

other foods are fully 100 per cent high-

er in price than in milk. This failure

to pay for valuable food elements in

milk is far reaching. The value of all

high protein cereals is higher than the

carbohydrate or starch cereals because

as a rule the acreage yield is less.





Milk and the Price of Hay.





Legume forage when fed to fattening

animals like sheep or cattle, is return-

ing more in meat than in milk. The

small price for milk derived from le-

gume forage, together with the in-

crease of motor vehicles, has and will

continue to decrease hay prices. With

the uncompensated protein in milk de—

rived from legume forage and the more

fully compensated protein foods deriv-

ed from cereals, and these from the

soil and not from the air, means a

further soil depletion and unconverted

aerial nitrogen into food. The problem

is quite simple. Crops taking nitrogen

from the soil, or fertilizers, compel the





'payment for protein at an increased





price, when used for human food.

Aerial nitrogen converted into human

food in the form of meats is more ful-

ly paid for.

Nitrogen in Milk Should be Paid For.

The refusal of the great milk buying

concerns to pay for a food in which

the nitrogen can be draWn largely from

the air, an inexhaustible resource, is

one of the causes of food shortagedi-

rectly in milk and indirectly'in the fix-

ation Of nitrogen, in the roots of clo-

ver and alfalfa and the maintenance

of humus in the soil. .

. For the maintenance of the food sup-

ply it is Suggested that a body of

chemists or food experts determine the





value of these non-butter—fat elements.





frOm time to time, as to their relative

food values in other forms and. milk





prices be butter-fat plus nationalfood





board prices for the other elements.

The 'dispiriting dairy wrecking fact





hasnot been the farmer’s inefficiency 3

or the, robbercow to any appreciable,

extent,-but the almost unpaid-for ele- . ,

ment which wasan important asset to '





smarter to 'thev‘producer.





 

 

   





 





n’d‘ 3





 





 





Hay Profit





0U men whose haystacks loom up like the

everlasting hills, or whose hay mows are 1





crammed Jam full of fragrant fodder— do you know .

of the extra hay profit that lies in the line of International

hay presses? Hay, in the smooth, uniform bales turned out

by an International baler, brings market prices enough higher

ood profit on the work of baling. Baled hay can

quickly to points where prices are highest. And

an International hay press gives you these advantages at a

cost hardly worth mentioning.

In the International line there are one-horse and two-horse

presses for farmers who have no other power; motor presses

for those who want the work done in a. hurry, and have other

uses for a high-grade portable engine; belt power presses for I

baling large crops or for doing custom work. The Interna-

tional hay press line is complete. Bale chamber sizes are

standard, 142: 18, 16x 18, and 17 x 22. The capacity of the

different styles ranges from 6 to 35 tons of baled hay per day.

It’s no. trouble to find out all about this handy, clean

_ line of hay presses, nor does it cost more than the

price 0 a postage stamp. Drop us a line asking for informa-

tion on International hay presses, and we’ll send it right along.





International Harvester Company of America

CHICAGO





Lfihfl





More





(Incorporated)





' U S A

McCormick Milwaukee Osborne Plano





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





   





A





 





A“

v





   





 





 





 





ABeller .





Price For __ .f.





[rm/NJ.





/ .

v

r





/





I"!





LEAN milk





which always has

a readier market at a

higher price, cannot be

produced in dirty, dark, unsan-





 





 

 

 





spsen'" SM

FILLING

Extra large throat. Cutter head



with four knives. Unusual





capacity. Self - feeding.

Can' t clog— an tomatic





steady action. '



Safe, strong, sim-



ple; a quality machine.

Write forillustra-



' ted literature.



Rooonthnl

'Corn Husker Co.

BOX 2





 





@BDLA





will make your barns as white as snow and at the

some time, Without extra labor or time, rid them of

bee and mites and other animal parasites and pre-

erms_of glanders, contagious abortion,

and other infectious diseases from getting a foot-

hold. Carbola is a finely powdered, snow-white

mineral pigment combined with a germicide

20 Times Stronger Than Corbollc Acld





nnd lorendy to use as soon no mixed with cold water. Will

not bllnter. fluke or eel off. line no disagreeable odor to





 





ngour times the cost of the

. inner Openin Silo roof

. ' no saved early ygiving'

additions spacelor I5 to

40 tons in your ni o. ’Dur-

ableneasil attached. low

' m price. rite today.

, _ Silo Specialty Ml:..Co..

229 19th St. Clinton. Iowa.

121 Market Bank Bldg.. Minneapolis. Minn.





 





 





It It . ' . ‘ .

cellars, ebc. Ehfiornes ti”2x33:33:33.calla-55:33:33:

colleges and thou-undue poultry.doiryand breeding farml.



10 lbs. (10 31:13.). $1.00 and postage

20 lbs. (20 gals), £2.00 delivered.

50 lbs. (50 gals), $4.00 delivered.

Trial package, that covers 250 square feet, and

descriptive booklet for 25¢ postpaid.





Get some from your dealer. If he has none send

your order direct with his name.

Carbola Chemical Company





7 East 42nd St. Dept. X New York City





 





 

 

 





Stool: Profile >

“Sllverlze

Your Silage"





Silver-cut silage is “different." Cu: ‘

$333 the ‘i‘Silverzj may. Make it mold- ‘

. ac saxr- I — _



makes better too ferments ro erly



animals eat Silverized silage.

on Silverized Silage—convincing proof.

"th0" features-beater feed, s

friction reverse, direct drive. T e lea

where. Seven sizes. 40 to

horse-power gas to big tractors.





.1110 Silver Mfg. Co.

- I 3





 

 





 

 

 





Ask for catalog and

special printed matter





 

 





 





use. mi and better-





, swelling eollnpu on

' . uranium





‘ COIlle Pups color no a, fro

o. A. a}?





., p

, gan Farmer. . ,





 





the manufacturer of. buyer and almost ‘





 





 





With some feed plus plenty

of water. Our free book tells

how you can prove this with-

out costing one cent.

Livestock Individual

linking Fountain Co.

Box Km Lynchburg. Virginia





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Splendill; Opportunily For Young Men I





tudy Veterinary Medicine

Catalog Free

GRAND RAPIDS VETERINARY COLLEGE;

172 Louis 8t.. Grand Rapids, Iioh. ,





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Every branch of the business taught in 5 weeks.



Write today for free catalog.



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D008 '





Fox and Wolf Hounds





of the best English strains in

America: 40 years experience

In breeding these fine hounds

for my own sport. Save our.

pigs, sheep and poultry. end

4 cents for catalog.





 





 





’ 'l‘. B. lludspelll, 3mg, #:“08





 





Skunk and Rabbit dogs





, Fax lloundx ol all ages. Send 2., m...

W. I. LICKY.





Holmoovlllo. gill. ‘



FORISalez—-Thoroughly broken beagle, rabbit and to":

hounds, good hunters. also pn pies ofal ages ready

for shipment. Rockfield Kenne a, West ”hector, Ifn.

Sable and white one litter of tri-





m good_ 0

ing stock 85 each. gent, Watervlie‘t. Mich.





When writing to advertisers ,p'.

lease ’mencion the Michif‘g





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





)1 el driv- -
DAIRY PROBLEMS.





 





Peas and Cats.



How much peas and oats would you

drill to the acre? I intend to cut them

green until ripe and then mow the bal-

ance. A number of persons have told

me that two bushels of oats was too

many as they smothered out the peas.

What is the best variety of corn to

plant for fodder, that is, to cut as early

as possible after peas and oats are

gone?



Genesee Co. V. C. S.



'You should mix peas and oats, equal

parts by measure where you intend to

sow them for siloing purposes or to be

‘cut for hay, and then use two and a

half bushels of this mixture per acre.

It is a fact that many peonle in grow-

ing this crop use too many oats for

greatest success.



If you want fodder corn early, you

want to plant the earliest variety you

can get. “Flint” corn planted real early

and quite thick, makes splendid fodder

and will come as early as any, but an

early variety of dent corn will do, or

even early sweet corn.



Feeding Cows Straw.





Does it have any bad effect on milch

- . cows to a110w them to eat bright clean

xwheat or oat straw? My hired man

says it hurts their flow of milk, that

they will not give so much if they eat

straw. Also, what had effect does it

have on a cow that eats the after-

birth? R. W. B.





Good clean wheat or cat straw will

not tend to dry up cows if a sufficient

amount of other feed is fed in connec—

tion with it to give a cow a full ration.

The trouble comes because we try to

make straw take the place of hay. We

can’t do this because it isn’t as good

a feed as hay. We don’t have to feed

quite as much hay when we feed straw

but there is not very much nutriment

in straw and consequently the cow can-

not do well when straw is the only

roughage. You can get along fairly

well with straw as a roughage if you

will feed extra grain, but that is ex-

pensive.



People of the dairy countries in Eu-

rope always feed some straw in the

ration and they get good results. One

feed of straw a day and one good feed

of hay a day makes a good ration of

roughage. But the idea is, if you would

feed two rations of hay a day you

wouldn’t have to feed quite as much

grain“ as you will if you feed one ra-

tion of hay a day. A cow must have a

certain amount of food nutriments if

you keep up the flow of milk.



It doesn’t injure cows in the least to

eat the placenta. They always do it

when they are left by themselves. It

is nature's way of regulating the di-

gestion of the animal. Many people

don’t allow their cows to eat the pla-

centa and they get along all right, but

one has to take a little more pains in

feeding bran mashes or ground oats

than he would if the cow was left to

her natural instinct in this respect.



l A Grain Ration on Pasture.



Please compound me a ration for

'milch cows running in pasture, com-

posed of corn meal, cottonseed meal,

buckwheat middlings. Would it be'ad-

visable to add either Wheat bran or

wheat middlings E. O. P.



If wheat bran is cheaper than buck-



wheat middlings, I think you would

have sufficient protein in the ration to





 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 

 





~.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





'meal, equal parts with wheat bran,

then feeding two or three pounds of

cottonsed meal per cow extra, it

would make a splendid ration to sup-

plement pasture. If you want to get

the very best results, it might pay to

occasionally change from wheat bran

to buckwheat mlddlings or to wheat

middlings. Cows like a variety and

will do better if you cater somewhat

to, this variety. but it isa hard matter

toA'get a better grain ratiOn for cows on

pasture than good old corn meal and

1- wheat bran. A light ration will be

. sufficient when the pasture is at its

, best and this can be increased gradu-

....-<ally as the summer advances and the

pasture becomes shorter.



Gown 0. Linux. ‘





 

 

 

 

 





make a substitute. ,By mixing corn‘





 

 

   

 

 





Del: endable

SPark

pink





 

 

   





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 





to turn the rear wheels.





   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 

 





Perform The Most Im-

portant Function In a Car





No matter how fine and costly your car is, it is

unable to budge an inch until the spark plugs

give it the life that sendslit into action.





 





 

 

 

   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Unerringly and with mighty vigor, Champion

Spark Plugs explode the gas mixture in the cyl-

inders—forcing down the piston—turning the

. . . Ch: on Rm

crankshaft—delivering the propellIng power back :3“ $1.10.





Four out of every five cars leave their factories

equipped with Champion Spark Plugs. ,





Avoid substitution by looking for the name

“Champion" on the porcelain of every plug you

buy. You can get Champion Spark Plugs every-

where—especially designed for your make of car,

tractor, motorcycle and stationary engine.





Champion Spark Plug Company, Toledo, Ohio





 





 





't is of the most imperative importance that everything ssible be

done and done immediately to make me of large harvests! CPO





Conserve and Increase Your Forage Crops

Turn under part of your pasture and plant it tosaloable





crops. Feed your stoek cheaper, easier. more Igirofitably

with a few acres of corn cut into ensilagewitha lamazoo





Ensilage Cutter and stored' In a Kalamazoo silo. Stop want-

an? ‘ ing land that should be used for money crops. This year.





lll :_ Ig‘ if ever. farmers have a chance to make big pro

"ill





"Iris: ‘ ML. 0





“Jillian" urn- rxnn- sums





are built to meet the enacting farmer's needs. Best' ll design. material

ill; Ell and woeranslIip. Have every desirable feature a siioehould have and

g” embody the "know how" acquired through more than twenty years ex-

perience' In silo building.

lg!” lg" Glazed TI 10 Silos—fireproof.fm-moof.‘atm1n~proof.decay~

:é” Hvermkl-Dfoof Galvanized reinforcing. Require no point. no upkeep some or «pain.

int coat is the last cost—a written guarantee goes with every one.

l: l ii Wood Stove Slioo—Yourchoice ottourof ch c best time-defy yln¢ woods. Kalamazoo

{Elf :5] Silos are manufactured complete ready to set up. Quickly and easily erected by inexperienced

W 11—19] homelabor. Al “Kalamazoo Sites are made with Galvanized Steel Door Fumes and con-

mm."— =' ‘l E: tinnous doors. forming a safe ladder entire height of silo.





 





Write today for our free dacriptive booklet. If interested In an Ens e C t . k for

KalamazooCutt thermal“ EaufmenuJiyouwlsh. h ut er I:





W00 TANK A 311.0 COMPANY M218 Hm. was.





 





 





if you act at once you can save





meat prices are going

maria—theup separator that holds the world' s- reco





my new





Compare It 'm'l'est it! Try It ' 90 Days





essir—right on your own farm—90days-180 milking! you can try my new Sanitary Separator. .

Try It s‘deby side with any other high mdesevantor you want. The nor}: severe you make this 00an

made-mm Inthuyou ll keepny newSuitary model. flyoudon t. shipit ndmbsckatmy expense F.





git

”Book—Soothe higmonoyl saonou! @‘f‘dg"””m

indecent-mas “mama... ”-fi"?





mm

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Don’t Buy Any Separator Until You»

/ Get Galloway’s Patriotic Price!





St whereyOuareif youareaboutbobuy aSeparamr. Let Gallows m

abgglutely that you don’ t have to ogay double pnces for separators. myimplo-





free book gives separator facts and figures. Write for it today.





 





 





A. B. LW, Grimm Alfalfa Introd

Alfalfadsle Pam. Executor, Minn.





 





Does not winter kill. 01::th other vprleflosdn hay

and-cod! Mum-e Iml .Booklet“fiov _

I “MGM” All, a" an comic tree.



II“. .





 





 





 





clone museums".





mocvm'a YOUR‘ SEED





Withspuem culture «bacteria trash from laboratory.





fig? maggto.‘ 352g“ ate ”gr. what labs-o

:50. R mNev/laarliale. “pd?“ ml. to





 





«momma-cm. demos-cm Mwfi-mwm-s





 





 





 





 





 





 





WMHWRu ‘m. dint. mama... . Emmorummuu.





Michigan rumor.





*r'





lull-In rm. 57,10l .25

human.

The Progressive

tamer 174,121 .80

limb-{W

Imam:

. Breeder’s Gazette. 90 000 .60

. chlceuoml.

Prairie tamer 100,000 .50

unfit-8m 67, 820

“mm yuan. .45

‘ '. Wisconsin Agri-

cultural. ' 63,454 .30-

uqu. an. '

the li‘m, 140,865 . .60

magma. who 750, 000; 3.00

Walkers farm, 80. 000 .40

_ has mu. - - . _

Pacific Rm! Press 22,000 , . . .16

Su Flt-duo. on. I . ,

1, 805 m1 ‘ ' ' 18.x; ‘

Tho-eon “W totem .

holds. ForW WWW





SEED BUBKWHEAT ”all"





fRecleaned. Bags sztrI 250.

MARTIN DAWSON CO., Ypsilanti, Michigan





 





Seed Buckwheat

$5. 00 Per I00 Lbs.





Extra At 25 Cents Each

YOUNG~ RAN LPH SEED 00.. 0wosoo. Mich.





 





 





 





sesr can run READER

THIBI'ORS





BEST FOR THE ADVERTISER





..... i

(Bate 40c per IIne.) Guaranteed Rate Per!

, Circulation Ame Line

Ohio rumor,

cImIm, Ohio. 270.000 81.17

(311L600 per line. ) , '





Pennsylvania Farmer





“Philadelphia. Pa.

Bate 30c not line.)





 





1* cacao: shamans. _ ,-

Icarcaeo I ”m",





 





 





WALLACE C. RICHAFW. “9'...

In“! Y0 m1





 





 





'





 





 





 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





l ,
\

i





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY (ma

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





waif“

PEBLT 5”“ ",5;be





 

 





 





 





 





‘17:: FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





m"





 





 





 





 





This Magazine section forms apart of our paper every week.





HERE will be more home gar-

dens planted in Michigan this

,year than ever before in the his-

tory of the state, and a large part of

these gardens will be planted by mem-

bers of boys’ and girls’ garden clubs.

{The increased cost of all food stuffs,

the probable increase in price of can-

ned vegetables, the spirit of patriotism





,are all playing their part in bringing





this to pass.



The. idea of boys and girls having

gardens is relatively old but there

have been many recent improvements

in regard to the old plan for this kind

of work. It is quite generally agreed

at present that successful gardening





Boys’ and Girls’ Home Garden Clubs





By C. A. SPAULDING





needs accurate supervision and that

better results are. obtained when the

gardens are located on or near the

home premises rather than grouped

together at the school. The interest of

the entire family is gained through the

home garden and incidentally the

homes of the neighborhood feel the

weight of the responsibility that is at-

tached to_producing successfully these

home gardens. The general plan of

the garden clubs being promoted un-

der the direction of the Junior Exten-





sion service of the state co-operating

with the public school system take in-

to account this need of supervision and

the desirability of the garden being lo-

cated at home by organizing home

garden clubs that receive the super-

vision throughout the garden season of

trained garden leaders.



The clubs are organized through the

school and the school district is usual-

ly made the unit of organization,

in which subdivisions are made accord-

ing to age.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewherZ‘g,





Since the purpose of these clubs is '

scientific and efficient gardening, 3.

course of instructions covering the dif—

ferent phases of gardening is present~

ed to the clubs, partly through bulle—

tins and printed directions and partly‘

through demonstrations conducted by

the teachers or garden supervisors..

Model plans are furnished to the mem-

bers and serve as a'suggestive guide in

the mapping out of their own garden

plan.



In the planning of their gardens the

clubs are instructed to plan with an

eye to the future. The factors that

will determine the choice of vegetables

being of course the demand of the 10-





 





lllllllllllIlll||Illlllllll||llll|||ll|lllllllll|llllllIlllll|IlllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllll||lIll|llllllllllll||llllIlllllllllIllllIllillllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllllllllllllll|llII||lllllll|lllllilillllllllllllllllllllllIllll|lllllllll|ll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllll||llll|||llllll|||llllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|l||IllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll





WORLD EVENTS ‘ IN PICTURES





 





, «xwm (semi - ..





 





Roosevelt and Kaiser Wilhelm in

Times of Peace.





 





 





 





Fac Simile of Battleship Being Built

in Union Square, New York.





 





 





Marshal Joffre Reviewing U. S. Troops at Grant’s Tomb.





 





“5.3 i "





 





 





 





 





Son of Gen. Sherman is Recruiting

for U. S. Army.





 





 





 





 





A German Shell Bursting on Ancient

Rheims Cathedral.
“will make considerable difference in

e planning or mapping of the.propos-

ed garden. Where a relatively large

Space is to be used a good share of it

can be devoted to the production of

two or three staples, such as string

beans, sweet corn, tomatoes or peas.

The rest can be planted to a larger

: variety of vegetables, such as radishes,

' ‘1 lettuce, spinach, brussels sprouts,

beets, carrots, parsnips, onions, etc. If

the plot be small, on the other hand, it

. is necessary that a careful rotation or

(succession be planned in order to util-

late the space to the best advantage.

This'practice makes necessary the ad-

dition of extra fertility in the form of

manure or commercial fertilizers gen-

erally.



., A model garden‘ls usually conducted

for each club and here the methods

. are demonstrated to the club members

just in advance of the time they are

to perform them for themselves. These





demonstrations include the fertiliza-





 

 





tion of the plot, spading and working

down the seed bed, planting the seeds,

weeding, thinning. and harvesting.

These demonstration give the super-

(Continued on page 672).





summit“mmumnunmmmlmé





“Aye, we’ll take yer, sir," he called

down, a touch of deferencelin his

hoarse voice. “Ye’ll understand the

trouble once yer come aboard. We’ll

lowera ladder near the mizzen chains;

there’ll be no danger laying the dinghy

alongside here to leeward. Yer all able

to climb, I reckon ?”



“We have a woman with us.”



“It’ll be quite a job to rig up a swing,

sir.”



I turned and looked at her; then up

the straight, steel sides looming before

us, but before I could speak, she had

made decision.



“I can go up the ladder, Mr. Hollis,”

she said firmly. “I am not afraid.”



“All right,” I called. “Lower away,

. The little dinghy swept in easily,

and, under my directions, McCann

awkwardly fended it off from scraping

against the steel sides. Protected by

the great bulk of the almost motion-

less steamer, the water had merely a

perceptible swell. As the rope ladder

straightened, I caught the lower coil,

and held it firmly. Down the rat-

lines, hand over hand, until. he dropped

sprawling into the boat, came one of

the crew—a c0al black negro. The fel-

' ’low above, now standing on the rail

and clinging to a backstay, roared

,down at him.



“Haul her in, Simms, haul her in.

That’s more like it. Now hold all taut.

Send the lady up first, captain; there’ll





”The size of the garden moreover, '





WilllflmlllmlmllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllIIll"lullllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIMlllllllllllmlllllllllllflmlllfllllfllmuullllmllfllllllllfi





‘,‘C0ntraband”





mammalianunuuuuuwmmmumumunuumnmnumummmluuulumuummnmmmmm=mmmmunuluumnmmm.





 

 

 

 

   

 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Walter Cracker, 1916 Garden Champ'n.





inn





RANDALL

PAR R ISH





amllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





be a hand to help her in the chains.”

She did not hesitate, grasping the

rape firmly in her hands as the negro





and I lifted her high enough to get a .





foothold. The fellow seemed to enjoy





'his job, his black face glowing; but for





an ugly scar he was a picture of good

humor.



“You are all right, Miss Vera?”



“Yes,” she called down.



“Then go up, but hold tight.



McCann followed, too glad to thus

escape me to refuse, yet plainly

enough half dead with fear. As soon

as I saw his legs dangling, while the

seamen above dragged him inboard, I

drew myself up to the'lower ratline,

leaving the negro alone to hold the

line.



“Hey, above there,” I shouted. "What

shall we do with the boat?”



“Let her go; there is no room to

stow it on deck. Come aboard, Simms.”



We went up together, the ladder

swinging dizzily to our movements.

Once I glanced over my shoulder, at

the empty boat, already twenty feet

from the ship’s side, a deserted, pa-

thetic spectacle. Somehow it was like

parting with an old friend. Then hands

gripped me, and I was hauled in over

the rail, and found a footing on deck.

The negro followed unaided, and the

voice of the man who seem d to be in

command growled down fro the poop

deck: '





 





 





 





The Size of‘the Garden'Often betermines the Plan to Follow. 5 ,5





n





then go" forward and g

.. riffle overboard afore dark. This way,





 





" {some 0 that





captain; I’d like avp‘rivate wdrd With

you fore you go belgw.” ‘



I paused an instant, glancing curi-



ously about. The deck amidship was

clear, although not overly clean, but

forward of the main hatch a pile of

debris extended almost from rail to

rail, where the shattered foremast had

crashed the wheelhouse into splinters.

Here all was a tangled mass of steel

and wood, spars, ropes, and all sorts

of odds and ends. The foremast had

been chopped away, and thrown over-

board, but much of the remaining

woodwork appeared blackened by fire.

There were perhaps a dozen mentin

view, a typical freighter’s crew, I judg-

ed, mostly foreign ffiaces, two of them

negroes. They worked silently, and

then shuffled forward, without exhibit-

ing the slightest interest in my pres-

ence, or giving a glance aft. Evidently

something unusual had 'occurred, but

just what was the nature of the acci-

dent to the Indian Chief I was unable

to decide. _I climbed the few steps,

and joined the red-faced man waiting

me on the poop.

. He held out a fat, pudgy hand, not

altogether clean, Which I accepted

rather doubtfully. His face was honest

enough, but his eyes were mere slits,

contrasting strangely with his appar-

ent heartiness of manner. The wheels-

man stood cross-legged, a cud of to-

bacco distending his" cheek, and look-

ed me over cooly, as if taking my meas-

ure for a report to his mates.



“1 am very glad to welcome you on

board the Indian Chief, captain—cap-

tain.”



“Hollis,” I answered shortly.

your name?”



“Masters—Gideon Masters.”

“In command ?” _



“Well, yes, in a way. I reckoned

you’d» want the whole story, an’ thet

things had better be explained afore

yer went below.”



"Of course; but first a question or

two, Mr. Masters. What has' become

of my -companions?”



“The lady was sent into the cabin,

sir, and given a stateroom where she

could fix herself up a bit,” he answer-

ed soberly. “The other feller had a

lot to say, and seemed to have some

sort of grudge against you. I hadn’t

any time to listen to his yarn just

then, an’ I didn’t care about it anyway,





“And





- so I naturally turned him over to the





bosun, ter have that eye dressed. He

must have got an awful swipe, sir.”



“I had to hit him—~yes; but we can

talk of that later. Where is he now ?”



“In the galley, sir, where they’re

heating some water. After they get

him fixed up, is he to go aft, or for-

rard?" .



“Aft, if you have room to spare; he

is no sailorman, but a millionaire from

New York; he has money to burn.”



The fellow looked at me with his

mouth wide Open, his glistening eyes

almost laughable.



“Is that 50? Well, he don’t look the

part to my notion. You was all part

of a yacht party?”





 





   





owned by Gerald Carrington, of New~





York, the copper operator on Wall





street—you may have heard of him?“





“I reckon not,” with a laugh, “that

not being exactly in my line.”



“Well,” I went on, “we were run

down about a hundred mileseast of

Montauk by a big liner, which must

have been out of her! course“ She cut

us square in two, but, excepting us

three, all living on board got away in

the boats. By accident we were left,

and escaped later in the dinghy.”



“What became of the liner?”



“She picked up the boats, and think-

ing they had all the survivors, went

on. She was a mail boat, likely» The

yacht went down five minutes after we

left .her; we’ve been afloat ever since.

Now, Mr. Masters, that’s our story in

brief. What’s‘ the trouble here?”



He crossed to the lee rail, and ex-

pectorated overboard, coming back





wiping his lips on the sleeve of his-





shirt.



“I’ll tell you enough to make it clear,

sir,” he said slowly, “although there is

others on board who can explain more

in detail. You’re a seaman—or was

once—so you’ll see easily the sorter fix

we’re in. I'm the only officer left on

the hooker, an’ I couldn’t navigate a

ship if you'd give it to me. I’m only

the chief engineer, an’ my assistant is

in the fo'castle with a broken leg. You

see that riffle for-rard, sir? Well, It

was lightning did that. Two bolts, so

the crew says, for I wasdown below,

an’ never knew what happened till the

electrics all went out. Then I shut off

steam, and clumb out on deck. Lord,

but it was a black night, raining cats

and dogs, but‘no wind to speak of. It

was the rain what saved us, for fire

started yonder—you can see where it

burned—but it died out of itself. We

couldn’t do nothin’ but hang on till

1nornin’;- only a few of us from the

stokehole aft, and all the rest 0’ the

crew huddled on the fo’castle. Them

fellers would a taken to the boats, I

reckbn, only there’s none .strung for-

rard o’ the foremast, an’ they couldn’t

get aft across that wreckage. Well,

sir, when morning come we saw what

we was up against; it looked a.lot

sight Worse then than it does now.

Them bolts of lightning had knocked

the foremast into smithereens, killed

the wheelsman, and put the steering

gear plumb out 0’ commission. Then

the topmast an’ spars just naturally

wrecked the bridge, and chart-house,

an’ the whole mass caught fire. The

second officer was in the wheelhouse,

sir, an’ never knew what hit him, an’

both the captain an’ the first officer

was a‘standin’ tergether on the bridge.

The topmast crushed the life out of

’em. There was six sailormen hurt the





same way, an’ four of ’em died. It.





was the worst mess I ever saw at sea,

sir.”



“Bad enough, surely; when did this

happen?”



"Night afore last; we’ve cleaned up

a bit since, but the crew won’t work





much under me, an’ we’re both short '





handed. First we dug out the dead

bodies, sew-ed ’em up as best we could,





 





WW





 





Better .Results Are Obtained from Gardens Located Near Home Premises.





 





, 4;
\





 





, 4;





a





   





‘upy't iswh‘eoisrt; so as to





' way, sin :.I’x,n no sea lawyer. but I.





 





. "fismed- .

But that ain’t\ the

"What isn’t?" ,

“Why! this owner business, sir. You

see the owner of the Indian Chief, an’

every pound o’ cargo below hatches,

is on board here.”

“The owner is on board

“That’s the gospel truth; that’s why

I took [the ”trouble to keep you here,

and tell you what I have, before you





_ I

keep an en'-

gine goin”, and hung'on, Waiting for

something to turn up. There wasn’t

nothing else I could do.”



“No, I presume not,” and my eyes

rested thoughtfully on the scene for-

ward. “How is the hull—sound? You

seem sunk deeply.” .



“That’s cargo, sir; full to the hatch-

The ship’s dry as a bone; have





or ._ '13;





 





 





'9’

0





es.

had the well sounded every three went down and met him, sir. It gives

hours.” you a chance to think opt your best





cOurse.”



“But if the man is aboard, why did

he not appear on deck to give us wel-

come? Surely our arrival must have

been of interest?"



“Likely as not he hasn’t even heard

and they don’t. take orders from me yet that you are aboard. You see, his!



cabin is on the starboard side astern,‘





very well. I call ’em a hard lot.”

I made no comment, endeavoring to and he would see nothing from theml





turn all these facts over in my mind, ports. Besides, Mr. Hollis, he is lame,

and reach some decision. It was evi- and it is a bit hard for him t0 get

dent enough what was wanted, and around on a ship without help. What

how I could best serve; but would they do you say, sir? Shall we go down

be satisfied with the ofler which I felt 710W: and talk it over below?”



willing to make? It was far from my “The sooner the better,” I said, With

desire to assume command of the In- a glance over the port rail. “The fog I

dian Chief, and guide her destinies on is thickening Ollt yonder and we may

a long outward voyage, to whatever have a rough night. Th6" steamer

port her cargo had been consigned. would ride a heavy sea better with

What that port was made slight differ- some more of that riffle overboard.”

ence, for my whole desire was to re-

turn as quickly as .possible to New

York. I would, however, assume tem-

porary command, and consent to navi-

gate the vessel to the nearest Ameri-

can port, where a competent skipper

might be procured, and a, new’crew ob-

tained. Indeed, under the laws of the

sea, this duty was all that could be ex-

pected of me; all I had any right to do.

In every essential this was a salvage

job: I had found the freighter floating

helplessly on the high seas, and my

skill alone would bring her safely into

harbor. To this end I possessed au-

thority, and could compel the obedi-

ence of the crew, an obedience which,

no doubt, they would grant willingly

enough in their eagerness to get safely

ashore. But if I attempted more than

this, and assumed command for the

long voyage, I should be captain in

name only, possessing no real author-

ity on board, until after we reached

the port of consignment, and I had

communicated with the owners, and

received their endorsement. The In-

dian Chief possessed no wireless out—

fit, and whatever‘l did must be on my

own judgment. These considerations

flashed swiftly through my mind, and

I attained decision before Masters

again spoke. I would navigate the boat





“And what about the crew ?"



“Just so; a crimp brought them

aboard drunk, an? we were not at sea

long enough for the mates to whip

them into shape when this thing hap-

pened. I’m no deck ofllcer, Mr. Hollis,





 





 





CHAPTER XI.

Contraband of War.



HE knowledge that the owner



was actually on board changed



the entire situation. I would

have to argue it out with him undoubt-

edly, for quite naturally he would ob-

ject to any return to an American port.

Well, I might be in for a disagreeable

interview, but I had made up my mind,

and it was not to be changed by any

bluster, or offer of high wages.



“Come on then, Masters,” I said.

“Let’s get this over with.”



The after cabin extended from rail

to rail, the door opening directly from

the main deck. It was of fairly good

size, plainly furnished, a great con-

trast to the handsome sea-parlor of the

Esmeralda, but familiar enough to me.

A bare table extended lengthwise, its

wooden surface stained and disfigured.

A lantern, its globe discolored with

smoke, dangled from a blackened beam

overhead. and a small coal stove, red

with rust, occupied a prominent posi—

.tion in front of the mizzen mast, its ill—

jointed pipe leading somewhere astern.

The carpet was of rag, rather gay in

coloring, and showing unmistakable

signs of long use, and the paintwork,

originally cream, had long ago faded





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





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into a dirty yellow. StaterOOm doors

opened along either side, so close to-

gether as to prove them mere closets,

containing no other conveniences than

a sleeping berth or two. The cabin,

however, was well lighted, much of its

front being open to the deck, and hav-

ing also a dead-light above. Masters

led the way around the butt of the

mast, and I followed, having taken all

this in at a glance. There were two

cabins astern, occupying apparently

the full width of the vessel, and the

engineer rapped with his knuckles on

the panel of the nearest door. There

was no response, but a second attempt

resulted in a voice bidding us enter.

It was a pleasant enough interior,

lighted by two ports, but showing no

attempt at decoration. There was a

rug underfoot, two chairs upholstered

in leather, a big sea chest, and a desk

littered with papers. Shelves held a

fair collection of books, while two

bunks occupied the far corner. .A man

arose from one of the chairs, and faced

us, the light from the stern port shin-

ing full upon him. He was tall, deli—

cate looking, his features bearing

marks of pain, yet certainly not over

thirty yearsof age. He was not at all

like what I had expected to see, and I

faced him in surprise. He had taken

a step toward us, limping slightly, but

at sight of a stranger paused.

(Continued next week).





to the nearest port on the American

coast, notify the owners, and then

leave them to do as they pleased with

vessel and crew. I cared nothing for

the salvage; the presence of the dis-

abled steamer in these waters had sav-

ed our lives, which was reward enough

surely. All I cared for was to get my-

self and the young lady safely ashore.

Why, even if further adventure appeal-

ed to me, I could never consent to drag

that girl about with me to whatever

foreign port awaited the Chief’s car-

go. My thought was interrupted by

the sound of Master’s voice.

“It, sorter seemed to me, Mr. Hollis,”

he was saying, “that maybe it wOuld

be best for me to explain these things

before you went intesthe cabin. You’ll

naturally want to know just the condi—

tion before you decideth to do.”

.'“I have decided, Masters,” I answer-

ed briefly. “There is only one thing I

can do legally, and that is nagivate the

Indian Chief to the nearest American

port, and surrender her to her owners.

As a licensed captain of steam I have

authority to assume command to this

extent, but no more. It is a salvage

job, and I would be within, my. legal

rights, but if I continued the voyage,

'and later the owners should, for any

reason, choose to - disown my act, it

'would place ,me. in 'a serious position."

“I reckoned you would look atit that





 





 





 





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Nursing as a Profession

By NELLIE DENTON MCKENNEY





‘N ffiAT‘Eteps should I take to be-

come a trained nurse? Would

you advise a girl to take up

this work? What are its possibilities.

as to income? These are a few of the

questions I am fgequently asked. It is

evident that no out and dried answer

can be fired promiscuously at the ever

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and anticipate future ones? Am I morx





ally sound, strong on patience, tact,

obedience and honesty?” All these are

absolutely essential to the successful

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satisfactory answers to the foregoing

interrogations, the nursing profession

stands wide open for her.





Assuming that her future vocation

shall be that of a nurse her first in-

quiry will be, “Where shall I train?”

I have had this question put to me

scores of times, and, comparatively un-

important as it may seem at first

thought, I am convinced that this is

one of the things that should receive

special emphasis. Invariably, I advise

every girl who seeks entrance to the

training school of a hospital to send

her application only to the best. Many

are attracted by the advertisements of

certain institutions making wonderful

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blanche, will assuredy become wiser





‘ though sadder as a result of her expe-





rience. As a matter of fact, hOSpitals

that maintain desirable training

schools-for nurses do not advertise.

They do not have to. If a girl applies

for entrance into a school, she will find

a long waiting list, with herself at the

bottom. This should not, however, dis-

courage her. When her turn comes

she will be given fair and courteous

treatment. When, in due time, the

long hoped for graduation comes she

will have a standing in the profession

that will prove a desirable asset in se-

curing future employment. 80 any girl

settling the matter of what school it

shall be would do well to consult a re-

liable physician as to the wisdom of

her choice. He will appreciate the sit-

uation, and in most cases will be able

to give her valuable advice.



When a probationer makes her‘ini-

tial boy to the duties of a hospital, it

will not be long before she is impress-

ed with the idea that every person,

from the physician-in-chief to the'most

humble person in authority, is in a

league to instill in her the importance

of sanitationfi Cleanliness is, a nurse’s





. first law. While she may be perfectly





willing to admit this from the begin-





ning, she will have positive proof of it





before her first year is at an end. No

matter how particular has been the

heme training, the spotl‘essness of

mother’s floors, the brightness of. here.

silver, the dustleés condition. "of her

furniture will avail the daughter noth-

ing here.





 





It is taken for granted that





mother was the sanitation expert, that

the former has yet to win her spurs.





The. probation period usually lasts





about three months. The beginner,

who has had a taste of the prescribed

duties will know whether she has judg-

ed aright her adaptability to the nurs-

ing profession, or the hospital super-

intendent will.~ It is right here that

quite a considerable number bid their

adieus, and the hespital world knows

them no more. Perhaps it is better

thus, as this sifting out process is a.

pretty accurate gauge of those charac-

teristics that are considered essential.



With her acceptance into full fellow-

ship, as it were, she receives instruc-

tion and is expected to do practical

work in the taking of temperatures

and care of patients. To this is likely

to be added a term of night duty.

Then it is, that she begins to feel that





 





 





Up-turned Hem Forms Pockets.





some progress is being made and that

She is on the way to become a. nurse.



The second year brings with it new

studies and as she becomes proficient

in these, other responsibilities 'are

placed on her shoulders. Hence the

theories that she learned from text-

books and by means of lectures, are

applied in every-day practice. The ad-

jective, “trained” as it is used to dis-

tinguish the graduatenurse, is intend—

ed to be taken literally, for in no pro-

fessional school is the practical more

emphasized or the lack of it in less re-

pute. Nor can it be said that the

course is monotonous. It is as varied

as the diseases to whichmankind is

heir, or the injuries that require a sur-

geon’s attention. In the different de-

partments, dietary, surgical, obstetri-

cal, etc., an allotted time is spent, that

she may become familiar with the best

methods. As the various scientific

methods gradually unfold, there are

few girls who are not fascinated with

the work. The manual side ceases to

become drudgery, for with the broad-

ening of _e‘xpe'rie'nce, and a more intel-

ligent cdnception of the day’s work,

they come to view the commonplace

with a truer discernment.





Finally, on reaching'her third year'





of training, the student nurse becomes





a. person (if some importance, and is,





known about the wards and among her

associates as a “senior. " If her" ability

and trustWorthiness have proven sat-

isfactory, she may be given charge 91



“floor” or a certain d‘ep “ tment of





 





the institutioh,e11d as a; mark ofidisw‘





tinction wears a black band on her

cap. In this capacity as a head nurse,





 





 





 





she has an opportunity to show execu-

tive ability that not infrequently is the

forereuner of a lucrative engagement

in connection with her alma. mater, or

a similar institution.





But after graduation, what? The

girl who has invested three of the best

years of her life in vocational training

has taken many a long look ahead to

the day, when by means of the experi~

ence gained she may hope to derive.

therefrom a. reasonable income. Per4

haps ninety per cent of the graduate

nurses turn their attention to private

Work. The demand is increasing rap-

idly of late years, not pnly in cities,

but in villages and country places.

People of all classes are fast recogniz-

ing the difference between trained

workers and the neighbor or relative,

who comes in to help out, oftentimes

someone who 'kDOWS absolutely noth-

ing about caring for the sick and who

simply ‘adds confusion to an already

much confused household. There is

perhaps no department of nursing

where thenurse can use broadminded-





. . ness to such good advantage as in pri-

, vate work, for she has to deal with all





kinds ,and classes of people, from the





tiny tOt to childish old age, the ignor— .





ant and the cultured, the rich and the

poor. To keep things running smooth-

~ly she needs to be a diplomat, capable

of bringing into action all her God-giv—

en virtues.





In order to insure employment as at





private nruse, it is customary to estab:

lish a connection in the professionby

means of a nurses’ registry. Asthere

are different grades of these, the grad-

uate-nurse will do well to discriminate

in favor of one that is backed by the





.hospital serving the distriét in which





'she wishes to carry on her occupation.

This may be done in return for a small

fee, and is very essential if one desires

to be kept busy. Physicians in the reg-

plar course of their practice, look'to

these institutions to supply them with

nurses for their critical cases. It not

infrequently happens that ’ capable

work will cause doctors to insist on

having the same nurse whenever possi-

ble. A reputation earned in. this way

will often insure constant and profit-

able employment._ The beginner ‘must,

as a rule, pin her faith to’the registry,

taking her turn with a score of or more

of others. When she returns from a.

case, she again registers at the bottom.

and again takes her turn, which as a.

matter of fact, usually comes quite as

soon as she is sufficiently rested to go

at itagain. The income derived from

private nursing, while not large when

compared With the responsibility as-

sumed, is better than can be earned in

many other positions open to wOmen.

It varies in different parts of the coun-

try, but usually averages from 920 to

925 a Week.



It sometimes happens, however that

a girl is better adapted both constitu+





tionally and temperamentally, for insti;





tutional work. Such positions are gen—





'erally the result of eXCepti‘onal ability





that has brought the nurse into direct





'cOntaCt with some leading physician'





who recognizes her special talent to

be just what he is looking for. In most

cases of this kind, ex'eCutive‘ rather





than technical skill is the qualification »

Ordinarily, the salary Will be'





scught.

in the neighborhood of” 950 a month, in-





’cIuding board anti other. perquisitesy

-‘which makes it practically equally to

:tlia’t receivedby the private nurse who f1

Whi e consul?

era-tile responsibility is inimlved,





is kept tolerably busy.





   

 





. e





 

 





 





 





 





 





1

l
as





"—7-" v.r~—





1"-





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

   





\ physical Efreéhiremen’ts are not-so ex-

. actingfas is uSual in private work.





.what it will ultimately lead to.





Vmen to economize on tobacco.





Then there is the district or commu-





nity, nurse. Thepgirl with philanthro-

jpic tendencies, .can accomplish a great

“deal of shod in this field.





The ignor-

ance'or neglect ‘of health laws is an





old song, running from broken notes of





suffering in the tenement house to the

full top discord of too much food and

too little exepcise in the millionaire

stratum. In most countries this work





is organized under national auspices.





For instance, there is the Red Cross

Society in the United States,‘the Vic-





‘toria Nurses , in Canada, the Jubilee

Nurses in England, and the Bush nurs-

es in Australia.





These are doing a

good. work in their respective spheres,

and will furnish an unlimited opportu-





nity for one who is interested in the





sanitary uplift of mankind. The mos

mentary reward is not, perhaps, quite

so encouraging as in some other fields

for the beginner, but one can never tell

Many

district nurses are holding executive





positions and drawing large salaries in

.the government service.





They are be-

ing added to from time to time as the

work develops. The outlook is certain-

ly most promising.



But aside from being a fair financial

proposition, there is another desirable

feature of the nursing profession.





.While it takes one into homes of all





kinds and conditions of people, one is

continually making friendships, some

of which prove of the most lasting

character. Personally I feel this is one

of the chief rewards nursing has to

offer. The nurse who habitually tries

to maintain a sunny disposition along

with an honest effort-to perform her

duties well, may rest assured that her

investment in the great market of life

will return rich dividends.





 





LETTER BOX.



Household Editor.-—~Would like to

say I heartily agree with Deborah in

her article, “Doing Our Bit.” We hear

this warning to economize on every

side, until the poor housewife is al-

most distracted to know where to next

begin to save. Where is there a wo-

man who cares anything for thrift Or

economy who is not doing her utmost

in these days of high prices to make

.“both ends meet?”



It certainly is not the ones who be-

long to Red Cross societies, or who are

making bandages or socks or mittens,

that are doing the real economizing.

Or are they the ones that will have to

endure the hardships if our belowed

country should be thrown into a pro-

longed war? Although I admit it is a

'noble cause.



Our country might better urge the

Think

of the money, wasted on tobacco alone.

I would venture to say there is more

money spent for tobacco alone than for

bread, and never a word of warning or

reproach from our nation for it.





You may walk down the-street and

it will be appalling to see how few

men there are who are not using kthe

filthy weed in some form, and this is

not a necessity. Our country would be

better, cleaner, and healthier if men

had to be deprived of it.



Food we have to have to sustain life.

Not so. with tobacco or alcoholic stim-

ulants. Our lives would be better with

out either, and our homes better for

the lack of them. And yet there are

thousands of dollars expended for the

growing of both. '



I feel sure that if the men would be

willing to sacrifice in that respect .our





"women’would- be doubly'willing to sac-

rifice , nedlless finery or even neces-





sary clothing if need’ be. In an emer-





gency like this it would ' be, well to

A , _‘:p‘iri‘t,'leo_l,inJ I’larleycorn and Lady Nico-

- tine’ 'orifthe amnecessary list—E. B. P.





iteré—d‘he’re are some

saw « which i admire





a





   





 





and the market news is a help but one

particular article, entitled, “Doing Our

Bit,” in the department of “Woman

'and ‘Her’ Needs,” issue of March 12,

has so aroused my indignation and the

feeling of receiving an insult among

many whom I know who have read it,

that I wish to call your attention to

certain sentences. ’





First, this appears: “In the cities,

women are bustling about establishing

Red Cross units, and taking first aid

lessons, which they will never use, but

which gives them a fine chance to get

their names in the papers.” Now, it

must be ignorance on the writer’s part

or wilfully causing to be printed wrong

statements, for those who are joining

the Red Cross are not doing it to get

their names in the papers, but are ful‘

ly aware that if they have enlisted for

actual service that it probably means

death for many of them.





Second sentence: “Women who nev-

er darn their own stockings are be-

ginning to knit socks which no soldier

could wear if they ever got finished.”

Perhaps the author doesn’t know that

all socks have to be made under strict

rule with certain yarn, needles and so

many stitches, and if not knitted right,

do not pass inspection and are not ac-

cepted by the Red Cross. Most of the

knitting is done by women of experi-

ence or under their supervision.



Third sentence: “Young girls, who

couldn‘t pick a sliver out of small

brother‘s finger, without fainting away,

are rushing down to enlist and posing

for their photos.” Be it understood

that girls, while they may rush to en—

list, are not accepted without careful

‘training and unless they can prove

they can stand certain tests.



Fourth sentence: “There is no sense

in going to the Red Cross to roll ban-

dages. The pretty girls have already

rolled more than would be needed if

the war were to last three years more

and besides the papers like their pic-

tures best." Does the‘author know

that one unit of hospital service in

France has thirty thousand beds? That

many units have one thousand beds

and many more have less?“ Are ban—

dages all that is needed? How many

bandages, sheets, pillow slips, towels,

night shirts, etc., are required daily to

supply them? So many that anyone,

“pretty” or not, who can spare the

minutes at the rooms of Red Cross

units is given something to do and

even then there is not enough work

done to meet requirements. President

Wilson, himself, calls for more work-

ers in this department. I do not doubt

that if the nurses who are caring for

the wounded or if any others who are

working, had the time to pose, the

papers would far prefer their pic-

tures to the likeness of someone who

stays at home and grumbles at even

talks on economy and, as she states in

the article, “is filled with a mad desire

for $12 white top shoes,” and “to show

her feelings in the matter by treating

the family to a three-inch porterhouse

steak flanked with mashed potatoes,

and garnished with stuffed, hothouse

tomatoes.”—Mrs. I. K.





Dear Deborah.——If all you can do to

help in the war is to write, pray don’t

discOurage or belittle the efforts of

those who would attempt to do some-

thing else. First aid lessons will not

hurt anyone, neither will knitting

socks, even if, the soldiers cannot wear

them. The rolling of bandages is but

a small part of Red Cross work. Let

the society girls roll them if they will,

there is much eISe we can do.



If farm women knew all there is to

know about thrift the United States

would net be called the most wasteful

nation in the world.



Economy was drilled into me in my

youth. by 'a' New England mother and

grandmother, and I have practiced it

in Methodist parsonages and on a

MiChigan farm, but I. haven’t learned





all there, is-to know about it yet, and





.‘a





I welcome all suggestions

ever source.



Feel insulted when Uncle Sam’s rep-

resentatives “preach thrift”, to us? Not

if I know American womanhood. “Keep

on the even tenor of our way!” in this

greatest crisis of our nation’s history?

No? God helping us, we’ll climb to

new heights of economy and efficiency,

and do you, Deborah, cheer us 0n!——

L. C. W.





frpm what:





THE NEW CORSET IS DECIDEDLY

LOW.





 





Poets sing of “the human form di-

vine,” but corset manufacturers have

more to do with the making of the

feminine form these days than Mother

Nature. Every time Fashion decrees

to change the outline of the «female

figure, the outline changes, Venus (was

she the Grecian “perfect 36,” or was

it Pandora?), notwithstanding.



This year the corset manufacturers

have decreed that the corset is simply

to be used to support the abdomen.

The new corset ends practically at the

waist line, as the inch or so above the

waist which Fashion allows is not

worth mentioning. Of course, this de-

mands a brassiere to support the bust

and these are shown in net with no

front boning. '



The low bust corset and the girdle,

these are the vogue just now. And the

corset itself is a far remove from the

old instrument of torture known to our

mothers, with its stiff high sides and

many bones. The new ones have little

boning and are cut in lines to fit snug-

ly without lacing.



For the stout woman there are nu-

merous devices to reduce the abdomen

and support her tired back. One make

of corset depends for this support on

insets of elastic in the back and grad-

uated boning in front. That is, the

front bones which contain the fasten-

ers are narrow at the top, considerably

less than a half-inch, and grow wider

till they are at least an inch wide at

the bottom.



A second make has not only the slats

tic reinforcement and graduated front

stays. but has a triangular piece of

heavy cloth set on each side of the

front, to give added support to the ab

domen. These pieces are stitched to

the corset at the back, and fastened

with adjustable hooks in front so that

the size of the corset may be changed.



Still another corset has a light, ad-

justable belt inside the corset which

may be laced to fit any size. This gives

the necessary support and aims to re-

lieve the back.



in buying any corset it is better to

buy one good one at a fair price than

to buy three cheap ones. A well-made

corset not only is easier to wear, a

support and help instead of a straight

jacket, but it outwears a half dozen

cheap “sale price" affairs. Besides,

expert fitters will fit the corset to you

'when you buy if you choose a fair

priced model, while the cheap ones you

take at your own risk. They may hap-

pen to fit you. Usually they do not.





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editor.—-Can someone

give me a recipe for making graham

bread in which the flour is first scald-

ed? 1 cannot seem to make it the

same way as white bread, and someone

told me the flour should be 'scalded,

but I am unable to find such a recipe.

Here is a brown bread recipe which

we think good, and which is generally

relished by children. One and a half

cups of white flour, half cup corn meal,

two cups graham flour, one-teaspoon

of soda, one teaspoon of salt, half cup

of sugar, half cup of molasses, two

cups sour milk.-——Mrs. Wm. J. M.



Who has such’a recipe?





BOOK NOTICE.





“The Expectant Mother,” by Samuel





Wyllis Bandler, M. D., Professor of‘





Gynecology in the New York Post-

Graduate Medical SChool and Hospi-

tal: 12mo volume of 213 pages with 14

illustrations. Cloth, $1.25 net. W. B.

Saunders (30., Philadelphia; '





 





GIN YOUR FRUITS,

HEATS AN” VEGETABLES

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can sell canned foods at good prices '2

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No solder nor acid required.



Our guarantee bond absolutely protects

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free information about this wonderful

money-making labor—saving machine.





BURPEE‘. & LETSON. Lm.,

South Bellingham, Wash.

- mu. nus courou TODAY - fl -





BURPFE & Larson, L'ro., B

So. Bellingham, Wash.

Dear Sins—Please send free illustrat- ,

ed folder on Busrna Home CAN SEALER.





i





 





 





 





Name ............

Address ..........................................................





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 





 





 

 

 





 





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Low Ready-nude

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thowinglt lea.





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11" “"w nos mo. 0.

817-667 mu 5t, niacin-cl, of





 





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OnFood, Labor orIndustry. Crosser Bill, H. R., 4024.

taxmg land yslues only. will provide entire national

budget. 'Wlll force use of idle land. Increase crops.





, Get busy. Write your Congressmen. and Senators.

Literature supplied. Write





WV‘IBTWM 3rdtWoo¢.PflMh





 





Save Your Fruits and Vegetables!





What you don't eat now. sure for winter meals. The Granger"

{upon-tor does lt‘euy to run. a child can do it.” Takes





no sugar, no cans, no 5m

20.4!” in use. 2 sizes. 86 up. You save the cost several'tlmeo





over in one year on sugar alone. Write tor FREE Iooklet I ‘





all sham the Evaporator and all about evaporating, m.





Grange Sales Assn, imam lunmng. mud-Iain: ,





 





gang-Into Hugh transmiss- his

a:- "rm aware... an omits





 





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please ’mencion the Micki." ‘





gan Farmer. .
WWII! ’imianmmeflimiuMnmmm“ " “mammal!“ " ’





eMarkcts.





' lIIIIIIlIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIlIIIIIII . -

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





_ ' May 28, 1917.

Wheat—The readjustment of rules

of trading by boards of trades in the

different wheat centers of the country

and an improvement in the crop out-

look and statistical situation have had

a bearish effect upon the market pric-

es showing a decline of 200 a bushel

' from recent high quotations. European

interests are exchanging future wheat

for cash grain. Private estimates

have been made which places the total

yield of the country this season for all

.wheat at 750,000,000 bushels. It is

probable that this estimate is substan-

tially higher than conditions warrant.

The cool weather has favored the

growing plant but the acreage that has

been plowed for other grains is much

greater than in normal years. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat was quoted

at $1.141A; per bushel. Last week’s De-



troit quotations were:



‘ .No. 2 No.1 .

Red. White. July



Wednesday . . . . .332 2 99 2 32





 





Thursday . . . 0 2.95 2.27

Friday ......... 2.95 2.90 2.24

Saturday . ...... 2.85 2.80 2.20

Monday . . 2 75 2.70 2.12





Chicago—July $2.05; Sept. $1.83.

Germ—The demand for corn is un-

usually large and notwithstanding the

prospects for heavy delivery, the mar-

ket maintains a solid front and prices

are holding well up to the recently es-

tablished records, notwithstanding the

declines in the wheat trade. Bears

point to the arrival of corn from Ar-

gentine and to the increased acreage

to be planted here this season, but

these influences did not-greatly affect

the cash situation. A year ago No. 3

corn was quoted at 73¢ per bushel.

Last week’s Detroit quotations were:

No. 4 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.





Wednesday ...... 1.73 1.75

Thursday .......... 1.72 1.74

Friday ............. 1.72 1.74

Saturday ........... 1.69 1.71

Monday ............ 166% 1.68%;





Chicago—July 31.41%; Sept. $1.28%.



Oats.——Prices here are below those

of last week. The new crop is start-

ing nicely with the acreage large. Fair

supplies of oats are in the hands of

farmers and dealers, which encourages

price reactions upon the slightest sug-

gestion of bearish conditions. Stan-

dard oats were quoted at 421/20 per

bushel one year ago. Last week’s De-

troit quotations were:





No. 3

Standard. White.

Wednesday ........... 75 7 41/2

Thursday ............. 74 73 1/2

Friday ................ 71 70 1/2

Saturday .............. 69 15 69

Monday ............... 68 ‘ 67 1/2





Chicago—July 591/130; Sept. 52%0.



Rye—During the past week this cer-

eal advanced 50, which advance was

lost on Saturday, and on Monday there

was a further decline of 50, making

the price for cash N0. 2, $2.20.



Beans—There is practically nothing

doing in the bean’trade here owing to

lack of supplies, and the quotations

given are merely nominal. Cash and

June beans were quoted at $9.15 per

bushel. At up-state points the prices

range from $8@9.50 per bushel. The

Chicago market shows a firm trade

with supplies limited. At that market

Michigan pea beans hand—picked, are

ggoged at $10.50@11.25; red kidneys



.7 .



Field Peas—Offerings are light and

values firm. At Chicago they are quot-

ed at $3.75@4.50 per bushel, sacks in-

cluded.



Seeds—Prime clover seed $11.10;

October $11.85; prime alsike $11.50;

prime timothy seed $3.85 per bushel.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Noun—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $16; seconds $15.60; straight

, $15.20; spring patent $16.40; rye fiour



$13.60 per bbl.



‘ Feeds—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots



are: Bran $40; standard middlings

$541; fine middlings $45; cracked-corn

$68.50; coarse corn meal $67.50; corn

and oat chop $58 per ton. '



Hay.——ln carlots at Detroit: No. 1

timothy $18.50@19; standard timothy

$17.50@18; No. 2 timothy $16.50@17;

light mixed $17.50@18; No. 1 mixed



f -$‘.1‘4.50@15; No. 1 clover $13-.50@14.



‘ ,Pittsburg.——No. .

. .1925; No. 2 timothy'$17@17.75; No.



-‘1-l_ight mixed $17@17.75 ;,No. 1 clover



35km $16.50@.17; No. 1 clover $16.50





Straw—Incarlot‘s, 39 ‘atra‘ck' Detroit,





(





t.





 

 

 

 

 





teases-$10. 1. and K

"straw $9.50@10. ' , ,, . ~ .1...





1 timothy s19@'





.bulk' selling: at, .315@15-90; (heavy at





_DA|RY AND POULTRY Pnoouc'rs.





 





Butter.—,—The market continues firm

with demand brisk. Creamery extras,

nOne offered; creamery firsts ofiered

at 400, bid at 39c.





Elgin.—Market is steady at an ad-.





vance of 5c over last week. Price, bas-

ed on sales, is 43c.



Chicago—Trading is active and of-

ferings are readily taken up. Prices

are 3@31/2,c higher than last week. Ex-

tra creameries 41@411,éc; extra firsts

401/20; packing stock 320.



Eggs—The demand is active and the

market is firm. Fresh firsts were sold

at 360; others offered at 361/20 and bid

3594c.



Chicago—The feeling is weak and

prices have declined about 1c. The

demand is moderate, consumption be-

ing checked by high prices. Fresh

firsts 331/1.@341,§c; ordinary firsts 311/4,

@32c;~ miscellaneous lots, cases in-

cluded 32@34c.‘



Poultry.———-The supply is abundant

and prices are lower. The recent high

prices of grain have undoubtedly caus-

ed~ selling of farm stocks. No. 1 hens

23@24c; small and medium do 22@

23c; broilers 40@43c; ducks 22@23c;

geese 14c; turkeys 24@25c. -



Chicago.~—Market remains steady

and without change.

and demand moderate. Fowls 190 per

lb; roosters 15%0; broilers 11A;@2

lbs. 34@360 per lb; ducks 16@18c;

geese 12@14c turkeys 12@200.



Dressed Calves—Market at Detroit

is steady. Fancy 19@20c; No. 2 17@

180 per lb.



Chicago—The trade is light, receipts

being small; 50@60 lbs. weight 17@

171/30; 60@80-lb. weight 171A;@181,éc;

90@100 lbs. 181/2@191/20. .



Dressed Hogs—Best quality quoted

at Detroit at 19@191/zc per lb.



Chicago—Market rules firm with

prices higher. Heavy hogs in demand.

Quotations: 20@40 lbs, $10; 40@60

lbs. $17@19; 60@100 lbs., $17@18; 100

@250 lbs., $18@19.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—The market is active and

prices remain unchanged. Baldwin $5

@6; Steele Red $9 per bbl. At Chicago

demand is good for well graded stock,

otherWise the demand is only fair. No.

1 stock sells at $3.50@6.50 per bbl;

No); 2 at $2.25@2.75; orchard run $3.25



50





Potatoes—Market is firm for old p0-

tatoes because supply of old and new

is light. Quotations are: In carlots at

Detroit in sacks, Michigan $3@3.10

per bushel. At Chicago no Michigan

’stock was reported. Market is quiet

but steady. Prices range from $2.75@

3.35 per bushel.





WOOL.





 





If any change has taken place in the

wool trade, it is for a stronger and

firmer market. Manufacturers will be

obliged to set aside for the present at

least, private orders to take care of

government contracts, which will force

current orders to pile up for filling af-

ter government demandsare satisfied.

This situation premises to maintain a

bullish wool market for a considerable

time to come. In Boston last week

300,000 pounds of fleeces were sold at

prices ranging from 49@620 per pound.

Farmers are generally of the opinion

that prices will be higher which makes

‘it difficult for local buyers to secure

any larger quantities from the produc-

ers at the present time.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





May 28, 1917.

Buffalo.



Cattle—Receipts 3,200; shipping 25

@400 lower; butchers active, steady

and strong; shipping steers $10@13.25

per cwt; butchers $9@12.25; heifers

$7.50@11.50; cows $6@11; bulls $7@

11; stockers and feeders $7.50@9.25;

fresh cows and springers active and

steady $50@125.





 





Veals—Receipts 2,200; slow, 50c

higher, $5@14.75. -

Hogs—Receipts 1,400; slow; pigs





steady; others 10@200 lower; heavy

$16.40@16.50; mixed, $16.25@16.40;

yorkers $16.15@16.25; light yorkers

$15@16; pigs $14.25@14.75; roughs

$14.25@14.50; stags $12@13.25.‘



' Sheep and Lambs—Receipts 7,000;

slow; yearlings steady; ’others 50c

lower; lambs, $10@1_6.25; yearlings

$9.50@15; wethers $13@14; ewes $5@

12; mixed sheep $12.50@13. ‘





Chicago. , - ' ,

. ‘ ‘May 28,. 1.917. .

Monday’s market on cattle weak,





 





with 20,000, head received. Sheep .rew





ceipts were 10,000, market steady.

Hegs, were lower with receipts 91,94,000,-





Receipts light @





mice. fetid





 





Cattle ’3 were marketed "liberally, dur:





 





ing'thej-last week, and the rank and?





file of the offerings underwent consid-

erable reductions in" 'prices,‘these con-

sisting largely of ”the accustomedshort-

fed and merely warmed-up consign-

ments. On Thursday even heavy cattle

were affected ' and sold Po’ff sharply,

while cows and‘heifers were material-

ly lower, with canners and cutters go-

ing off .‘materially, but~ bulls ruled firm

under the influence of a good eastern

shipping demand. Taking the week as

a whole, the bulk of the ,beef.,st;eers

found an outlet at $11@13, with quite

a fair representation of choice heavy

weights at $13.10@13.70 on Wednes-

day. Steers selling at $13 and upward

came under the head of choice to ex-

tra, with a class of steers grading as

good going at $12.50 and upward, while

a medium grade brought $11.50@12.45.

Fair killers of light weight sold at

$10.50@11;45, and limited numbers of

inferior little steers sold down to $8.50

@9. Yearlings of desirable quality sold

at $11.50@13, withsome fancy year-

lings averaging from 1060 to 1125 lbs.





selling‘for $13.35, but few prime lots '





were offered on the market. For the

butcher stuff there was a good outlet

at the best time” during the week, with

cows going at $7.90@11.25 and heifers

at $7.50@12, while cutters sold at $7.35

7.85, canners at $6.50.@7.30 and bulls

at $7.50@11. The calf market experi-

enced a veritable boom that landed

the best lots at the highest prices on

record.‘ Light vealers sold at $14.50@

15.50 per 100 lbs., and heavy calves at

$7@9, with medium weights going at

$9.25@14.25 for desirable lots. There

was not much doing in stockers and

feeders, the offerings being compara-

tively small and ruling prices very

high. Stockers sold mostly at $8@10,

with yearlings the high sellers, while

feeders went usually at $9.25@10.50.

On Wednesday a string of half-starved

North Dakota rough cattle arrived and

attracted very little attention from buy-

ers. Closing week’s prices for cattle,

the choicer lots excepted, were about

150 lower on an average than a week

earlier.



Hogs sold on the best day last week

at $16.55, or within a dime of the high-

est price of the year, but later on pric-

es broke sharply, because of material-

1y, increased receipts, supplies being

far in excess of those for a week ear—

lier and much larger than a year ago.

On Thursday hOgS sold as much as 30

@400 below the high time of Wednes-

day, and on Saturday the range of

sales was from $15.35 15.90 for heavy

packing lots to $15.90 16.20 for heavy

shippers, with light shippers selling at

$15.75@15.90, light bacon lots at0$14.75

@1570 and pigs at $10.50@14.50, ac-

cording to quality and weight, the

highest-priced pigs weighing up to 135

lbs. A week earlier hogs sold at $15.10

@1650.



Lambs continued in much too small

supply last week to supply the require-

ments of purchasers, and the regular

weekly new high, price records took

place. Lambs made up nearly ‘all of

the offerings, there being an insignifi-

cant supply of yearlings, Weth‘ers and

ewes, and the offerings came to mar-

ket shorn very largely. Shorn lambs

were advanced for the week 25@50c

and wooled lots 15@25c, prime Colo-

rado unshorn lambs selling to $20.60.

Spring lambs closed at $14@21, and

clipped offerings closed as follows:

Lambs $11@17.25; yearlings $10@

16.10; wethers $8@14.75; ewes $6@

14.25; bucks $12@13.



Horses were in only moderate sup-

ply last week, and a good general de-

mand made firm prices. Army horses

were in good demand for shipment to

France, and it was stated that the Uni-

ted States government would shortly

want to buy 250,000 horses for army

purposes and that purchases would be

made as far as possible from first

hands. Since the beginning of the war

over a million horses and mules have

been exported for army purposes.

Farm chunks sell at $60@140 for ordi-

nary to pretty fair grades, while driv-

ers sell usually , at $100@200 and

drafters at $185@300.~ -





- HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.





(Continued from page 654). ,

responsible for informing Germany of

the sailing of the United States flotilla

and of the European port of destina-

tion. In some manner this knowledge

had been forwarded to Germany in

time to allow submarines to mine the

port. However, this was learned, in

time to prevent damage'to the Mer-

i‘cafiboats, r . . I. ' '. _

One of the first attacks‘to'be under:

taken by’ the United States food“ ad-

ministrater is a'fcamraign‘ .tb sledge.

every woman presiding over a ' house-

holdgto previd‘e .againsvev'efiy‘pbssmle

food .v‘w,aste." iThe’, obieflishbt to; 1‘95





 





Wérézit‘éafiécsrrg?





 





 

 





 





coma-fol tiona gate; d

is}; _. ,gns as‘gmfis?§ue 2:: . ;. *“





M" ., as _.._





. - The United states gavernment iato ,7

let contracts” during June'for'$170,000,v' ‘ .t

000 worth at automobiles and trucks-Aha“

The government will; need 3,100 tour-‘ _. 3

mg cars and roadsters, 35,000 one and '





one-half ton trucks,‘an equal number

of three-ton trucks and 5,000 motor-

cycles. _' ‘ ‘ v' I



. At a meeting cit-representatives of





the countries Of North and South Am- .





erica at Washington, an organization

is being ,eifected. which ..promises_’ to

aid , materially in the solution of the

food problem of the United States and

her European allies. Itis proposed'to

collect and forward to England and

France food exports totaling approxi-

mately one billion dollars. In carrying

out the plans the United States gov-

ernment is being urged to furnish oth-

er American nations with capital, ma-

chinery and agricultural experts for

the big campaign.





PUBLIC HEARING ON DAIRY PRO-

' ‘ DUCTS.





 





The Joint Committee on Definitions

and Standards announces a public

hearing on tentative standards for

milk and milk products to be held in

Chicago, 111., on June 12-13, 1917. The

joint cemmittee representatives of the

United States Department of Agricul-

ture, the Association of OflicialAgri—

cultural Chemists, and the Association

of American Dairy, Food and Drug

Officials. All perSons interested are

invited to attend. ' Those who desire

may present their views in writing to

the secretary of the committee, Bu-

reau of Chemistry, Washington, D. 0.,

on or before the dates set for the hear-

-ing. Copies of the tentative standards

suggested by the committee may be

obtained upon application to the, sec-

retary of the committee at the above

address.



The committee desires to obtain

from the trade and others their views

as to the fairness of the suggested

definitions and standards and also ’in-





formation as to What should be the'





basis of a standard for butter. Shall

it be butter-fat; or moisture; or but-

ter-fat and moisture; or butter-fat,

moisture, and casein; or butter—fat,

moisture, casein and salt? The discus-

sion will cover the following subjects:

Milk, standardized milk, adjusted milk,

skim-milk, cream, sweet cleam, heavy

cream, pasteurized-milk 'or cream, but-





‘termilk, homogenized milk or cream,





cheeses and butter. The hearings will

be held at 10:00 a. m., on June 12-13,

1917, in the Hotel Sherman, Randolph

and Clark streets, Chicago, 111.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Within a short time hogs have been

selling on the Chicago market at

around the highest prices of the year,

all prices of past years having been

far exceeded, with decreasing receipts

in recent weeks. and as lively a de-





mand as ever, After ”eorn planting is’





over it is expected that there ‘will be

good receipts of packing sows, which

Will probably sell at‘lower prices, al-

though apparently'no one is looking

for otherwise than fancy values so

long as the war goes on. The domes—

tic and foreign consumption of Amer-

ican hog products is as large as ever,

and.no,large accumulations of provis-

ions are reported anywhere.

while, prime heavy barrows comprise

as small a proportion of the daily re-

ceipts as ever, and these sell at a lib-

eral premium. Recent Chicago receipts

of hogs have averaged in weight only

215 pounds, comparing with 222 pounds

one year ago, 234 pounds two years

ago, 237 pounds three years ago and

242 pounds four years ago. High-pric—

ed corn explains the deficiency in hog

weight. Huge orders for meats for the

armies and navies of the allied pow-

ers, including the United States, great-

ly aid 'in maintaining prices for hogs

and hog products.



The Chicago and other markets of

the country. are getting. very few

choice heavy cattle, and these, are sell-





ing at a liberal premium, as are the;





few choice little. yearlings marketed.‘





1 Recent Chicago supplies of cattle have

been furnished; largely by South'Da- '

kota, Missouri, Nebraska and 'Illinois,_

with dairy states furniShing ”a. good ‘





many canning cattle. . .



There have ,

when. the Chicago packers complained

that steers for whicrh'theyrhjadito pay





from. $13@13.50 per 100 peunds’cQSt '





them relatively more than the cheaper

kinds, as they failed 'to show the finish

to provetheir worth on 113931199982" ‘ ’

. 'A short'time ‘ag ‘ an lows. farm rent-1

.91“ marketed in , ica 9;" (asked 0!

846711). Shorthorn, year ’ ’





 

 

 





   

 





was "the Only kindf ,of‘ beef

that '





Mean— '





been times recently ‘





   





   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





- , his, at"

"$12.50 per 31003poun‘ds, g :fi‘g- (jag: ~





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





. ”a, _ ..

‘nr' 1”.





.r "'rjud‘m'.

if " .
’ THlS '18 THE. 14.4817 ' EDITION...





 





- The first edition is sent to those who



have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time. ‘ ' .





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





‘Thursday's Market.

May 31, 1917.





Cattle.





Receipts 1050. Canners 25@35c low-

er than last week; other grades strong.

Best heavy steers $11.50@12;

handy weight butcher steers $10.50@

11.25; mixed steers and heifers $9.50@

10.50; handy light butchers $8.75@

9.75; light butchers $8@9.50; best

cows $9.50@10; butcher cows $8@

8.75; common cows $7@7.25; can-

ners $6.25@6.75; liesgéigggJéglls $3.510



10;. hole na buls . . ; s cc

@ g feeders $8.50@9.50;





bulls $7.50@8; _



stockers $7.50@8.50; milkers and

s ringers $50@100.



pBishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.





1 cow wgh 960 at $7, 1 do wgh 770' at

$6.50, 2 do av 1075 at $8.50, 5 do av

926- at $9.25, 3 canners av 770 at $6.75,

25 steers av 900 at $10.65; to Parker,

W. &. Co. 3 canners av 1033 at $6.75, 1

do wgh 1300 at $7, 1 do wgh 820 at

$6.75, 3 do av 833 at $7, 20 steers av

1125 at $11.25, 19 do av 1176rat $11.25,

1 do wgh 1020 at $10.50, 1 bull wgh

1180 at $10; to Brighton D. M. Co. 2

Cows av 1105 at $9, 1 bull wgh 1450 at

$10.85, 1 cow wgh 800 at $7.50, 1 do

wgh 870 at $8.50; to Breitenbeck 19

steers av 953 at $10.60; to Prentiss 11

cows av 1048 at $8.25, 2 do av 1265 at

$10, 5 do av 990 at $8.60; to Sullivan

P. Co. 6 do av 991 at $8.50; to Hein-

rich 5 steers av 672 at $9; to Thomp-

son 6 do av 880 at $10.50; to Shipiro 1

bull wgh 740 at $8, 1 do wgh 1150 at

$10; to Brighton D. M. Co. 1 steer wgh

1260 at $11, 2 do av 1160 at $12; to

Gerber 8 butchers av 565 at $8.75; to

Parker, W. & Co. 3 cows av 800 at $7,

2 do av 840 at $7, 2 canners av 810 at

$6.25; to Thompson 3 bulls av 940 at

$9.65, 7 butchers av 821 at $9.65, 16

steers av 1170 at $11.25; to Newton

P. Co. 3 do av 773 at $11, 3 do av 950

at $11, 1 bull wgh 1850 at $9.50, 8

butchers av 677 at $9.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Walk 1 bull

wgh 1010 at $9.60; to Thompson 1 do

wgh 1740 at $10.50, 14 steers av 1174

at $11.50, 1~cow wgh 1020 at $8.25; to

Newton P. Co. 25 steers av 930 at

$10.90; to Parker, W. & Co. 12 do av

1133 at $11, 2 COWS av 850 at $6.50, 1

do wgh 900 at "$7, 11 do av 863 at $7.25;

to Applebaum 2 do av 900 at $7.50, 2

bulls av 580 at $7.75, 1 do wgh 690 at

$8.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 18 steers

av 1133 at $11.25, 1 bull wgh 1450 at

$9.50, 2 cows av 835 at $6.50; to Ma-

son B. Co. 3 do av 900 at $10, 1 steer

wgh 1040 at $10.25, 4 do av 1172 at

$11.25; to Thompson 2 bulls av 1385

at $9.75, 1 do wgh 1470 at $9.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 1 cow wgh 1200 at $8,

1 do wgh 1150 at $9, 15 steers; av 815

at'$10.25; to Walk 9 stockers av 515

at $7.75; to Kamman B. Co. 5 steers av

1014 at $11.50, 1 cow wgh 930 at $10,

13 steers av 790 at $10.25; to Goodgold

6 butchers av 745 at $8.25; to Ratt-

kowsky 3 do av 653 at $8.50, 5 do av

856 at $10.10. .



McMullen K. & J. sold Goodgold 14_

butchers av 413 at $7.50, 2 do av 760

at $7.75; to Parker, W. & Go. 15 do

av 760 at $9.25; to Hammond, S. & Co.

4 COWS avi 912 at $7; to Parker, W. &

Co. 17 butchers av 623 at $8.40; to

Heinrich 14 do av 63.4 at $8.45.



Veal‘ Calves.



Receipts 1027. Market steady. Best

$14.50@14.75; others $7@12.50.



Erwin, S. & J. sold Thompson 5 av

115 at $12, 23 av 160 at $14.75; to

Mich. B. Co. 9 av 150 at $14.75, 10 av

161 at $14; to Hammond, S. & Co. 5

av 111 at $11, 26 av 155 at $14.75; to

Thompson 2 av 155 at $14.75, 10 av

152 at $14.75, 5 av 125 at $11.50, 19 av

140 at $4.75.



McMu'llen, K. & J. sold Nagle P. Go.

29 av 140 at $14.25, 32 av 150 at $14.50;

to'Parker, W. & Co. 23 av 160 at $14.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 815. Good Lambs 25c low~

er; grass lambs 75c@$1 lower; sheep

steady. Best lambs $15@15.50; fair do

$14@14.50; light to common lambs $12

@1250; heavy fat sheep $10@10.25:

fair‘to good sheep $11@12; culls and

common $8@9. ‘ ,



Erwin,~S. 8: J. sold Thompson 6

sheep av 125 at $12, 4 do av 105 at. $8,

3 yearlings av 95 at $13, 7 spring lambs

av 60 at $18; toNagle P. Go. 4 lambs

av 80 at $15, 9 sheep av 115 at $12; to

Thompson-20 do av 80' at,$8.50, 24 spg

lambs av 49 at $17, 32 lambs av 65 at

$15.50, 39‘ sheep av 90 at $11.





. .(..‘. ,', 14908., , ' , .

‘i ‘ Receipts 4259'. Market slow. Pigs

~ $13.50,@13.75;,~, bulk. of- mixed $15.25@

46.40;”4‘: , grades $15.50 , 7 .





 

 

 





 

 





 





E

3

E

E

a





‘ " fllllllllllllllfllllllllflllllllllllfillg





 





Shy Breeder.—We have a cow that

comes in heat irregularly, have bred

her several times and she fails to‘” get

with calf. N. H. G., Gaveys, Mich.—





_ It is well to keep in mind that certain





cows are barren and those that come

in heat irregularly are generally shy

breeders; there may perhaps. exist a

cystic condition of the ovaries which if

crushed by hand through rectum and

vagina, she might then get with calf.

When she comes in heat, inject her

with a tepid soda solution made by

dissolving 1/4’. lb. bicarbonate of soda in

half gallon of clean boiled water, then

breed her a few hours later.



Eczema—l have a calf six weeks old

that appears to have a skin ailment

affecting the hind legs. The hair. seems

to shed out and the legs are stiff; be-

sides, the calf is dumpish and stands

'with back arched. W. F., Jeddo, Mich.

—Give calf 10 grs. of sodium salicylate

and 5 grs. of potassium iodide at a.

dose three times a day, and apply one

part coal tar disinfectant and thirty

parts water to bald part of skin once

a day.



Sore Eye.———I have a horse that ap-

pears to be going blind in one eye. A

thin film appears to be growing over

eyeball and I have thought the eye was

not as sore one day as it is the other.

W. E. B., Middleville, Mich-Dissolve

40 grs. of boric acid, 40 grs. of borate

of soda in one-quarter pint of clean

boiled water and apply to sore eyes

twice a day. Mix together equal parts

calomel and boric acid and blow a

small quantity into eye three times a

week.



Breeding Question—I have a two-

year-old bull which I suspect is not a

good calf getter, but appears to be

rather dull and sluggish, but" seemingly

perfectly healthy. J. B. M., Three

Rivers, Mich—«Give him 40 drops of

fluid extract nux vomica, 1 dr. ground

capsicum, 2 drs. of ginger and 1 oz.

of ground gentian at a dose in feed

three times a. day. Perhaps this bull

is of a sluggish temperament and may

never make a good stock bull.



VVarbles.——I have two cows, both of

them have several bunches on each

side of back bone and I would like to

know what ails them and what, if any-

thing, can be done to relieve them?

B. E. C., Ceresco, Mich—Each of the

bunches contain a grub which should

be squeezed out and killed. It will be

necessary to use in some cases a sharp

pen knife to open skin. Then apply

tincture iodine occasionally.



Knuckling.—I have a young horse

that knuckles on fetlock joint and

would like to know if this ailment can

be cured. J. C. 13., Colon, Mich—A

majority of horses that knuckle are of

faulty conformation, having short up-

right. pasterns which predispose them

to knuckling. If it is the result of

hard work, rest and applying light

blisters or a liniment composed of

equal parts turpentine, aqua ammonia

and raw linseed oil three times a week

it will have a good effect. In many

cases treatment does not give very

good results, it only makes the skin

sore and tender.



Periodic Ophthalmia—Loss of Vis-

ion—We have a horse that has gone

blind, his eyes became inflamed and

sore Several weeks ago, first discharg-

ing'water, then later mucus formed.

The first attack seemed to pass off,

but some time later he suddenly lost

his sight. We have another horse that

is afiected in- the same way and would

like to know if there is anything we

can do for it. G. G., Sebewaing, Mich.

The writer believes that your horse is

incurable and the one that lost vision

will remain blind. Give your horse 30

grs. of potassium iodide and 1 dr. of

Fowler's solution twice a day and blow

one part calomel and four parts boric

acid into eye three timesla week.



Leucorrhea.—l have a four-year-old

mare that has leucorrhea and I would

like to know how she should be treat-

ed. J. M., Merrill, Mich’.—Give her a

teaspoonful of powdered sulphate iron

and a tablespoonful of cooking soda at

a dose in feed twice a day. Dissolve

1 dr. permanganate of potash in half a

gallon of clean tepid water and wash

out vagina, using a fountain syringe

every two days.



Stifle Lameness.—0ur eight-year-old

mare is lame in stifle joint and most

of the trouble is on the inside. I have

applied various linlments, but to no

success. At present the mare is not

working. R. N. P., Cedar Run, Mich.

Clip hair off stifle and apply one part

red iodide mercury and one part pow-

dered, cantharides and eight parts lard

twice a'month; - . - ‘





 





Veterinary.





 





subjected to a fresh bull movement,

and sales were made at far higher fig—

ures than were ever paid before in the

history of the market. The latest bull

movement was inspired by the publi-

cation by the federal government of

the "bad showing of the winter wheat

crop, which brought about a sudden up-

heaval of wheat prices on the Chicago

Board of Trade, all of the grains par-

ticipating in the upward movement.

Looking ahead, it is fortunate that the

weather conditions over the corn belt

of the United States have been gener-

ally t'av0rable for corn planting, and

the latest advices promise a. large

acreage. It is a certainty that with

our obligations to do all in our power

to feed the allied countries as well as

our own large population, and our live

stock, all the grains, potatoes and oth—

er food stuffs and feed stuffs that can

be grown will be urgently needed, and

good prices are counted upon.



Exclusive steer ranching in the

western plains country of Texas has

been giving place to cattle raising of

late, and the other day a prominent

stockman of that territory purchased

near Kansas City a carload of register-

ed coming yearling Hereford bulls for

breeding purposes. He made it his

practice during many years to buy

steer calves, maturing them, and hold-

ing them until they were from two to

four years old. But now conditions are

changed, and stockmen are obliged to

resort to breeding their own cattle.

The stockman just referred to recalls

the time when he purchased in the

course of a single season as many as

12,000 steer calves, but this is no long-

er possible. He says there will be a

large calf crop this spring, and in his

herd of cows the average will run close

to 85 per cent, while in some herds it

will beat that. His cows were fed cot—

tonseed cake all last winter, and they

also had good pasturage. He owns a

well which will furnish as much as

1,200 gallons of water a minute, and he

is going to put down more and irrigate

part of his land and raise alfalfa.

Whenever there is any over-supply of

cows, there are ready buyers at profit—

able prices.



Of course, the unprecedented boom

in corn prices accounts for the re-

markable unanimity with which stock-

men throughout the states comprising

the corn belt have been letting their

holdings of cattle and hogs go on the

market long before reaching proper

maturity. The rule does not apply es-

pecially to sheep and lambs. which

have been marketed on the whole in

very good condition, supplies of these

being extremely meager. The advance

in corn to hitherto unheard-of—prices

was accomplished at the same time

wheat was soaring at a lively pace,

May wheat having touched $3.25 per

bushel at the time when the directors

of the Chicago Board of Trade decided

to step further trading in May wheat,

corn and oats. Since then wheat has

declined almost as sensationally as it

had advanced before, while corn has

undergone some substantial rallies,

following its first. sharp declines. Corn

is now extraordinarily high in price

everywhere, and this causes most

farmers to let their live stock go to

market much earlier than in normal

times, notwithstanding the liberal pre«

mium paid for well matured holdings.

Looking ahead as far as another crop

of corn, it may be said that reports on

corn acreage show an enormous in-

crease, "and it is estimated that the

Kansas acreage is increased as much

as 4,000,000 acres, while the Nebraska

acreage is 3,000,000 acres larger than

a year ago. The gains in corn acreage

are due in great part to the great loss-

es in winter wheat acreage. There

are in many parts of the country extra-

ordinary efforts put forth to increase

the acreage of coarse grains, and a

great deal of meadow land has been

plowed up and turned over to corn,

while it is stated that all the cotton

states. are showing heavy gains in

their corn acreage. Within the last

few weeks clover seed prices have

been advanced sharply. because of the

general expectation of a short crop.

Many people see in the plowing up of

so many clover and timothy meadows

a promiseot' reduced supplies of clo-

ver seed one and two years hence.



Enormous profits are being made by

owners of sheep and lambs, the mea—

ger offerings enabling them to obtain

almost any price they choose to ask,

and as far smaller shipments have

been made of feeders to feeding dis-

tricts than in other years, a continu-

ance of fancy prices seems certain. A

short time ago B. F. Harris, the wide-

ly—known banker and farmer of Cham—

paign, 111., marketed in Chicago 126

head of prime spring lambs which av-

eraged 60 lbs. at $21 per 100 lbs. He

makes a specialty of raising high-

grade early spring lambs for the mar-





~ ket and makes it pay handsomely.





 





 





 





Quite recetnly corn prices have been .





 

 





Warran‘led .

to give, satisfaction.





 

 

   





GOMEAULT’S

. CAUSTIC BALSAM





A safe, speedy and

posttive cure for





Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock,



Strained Tcndons, Founder, Wind Puffs,



and all lameness from Spavin, Riugbhne



and other bony tumors. Cures all skin



diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.



5631”“ all Bunches from Horses or

a c.





As 0. HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

matism. Sprulno, Sore 'l‘hroat. etc.. It

is invaluable.



Every bottle of Caustlc Balsam sold is

Warrantod to give satisfaction. Price $1.50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by ex.

press, charges paid, With full directions for its

use. Semi for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials, etc. Address





T“ LAWRENCE-Vilnius GOIPANY. Olevoluml. Ohio.





 





 





 





‘try houses. To settle estate





 





 





DEATH 1'0 HEAVES

nzwrou's “arasrmamznw

Some one. cured by I u or 2nd S! can.





Three cans are guaranteed to our.

“ ham or money refunded.





   

 

   

 

 





 





J





7-\ 77.33“? -‘. ' I; I ‘ A

$9 I. I! ;

I? .\ > {.1 ,





ii; .

x \v )Kll‘

«(dough





 

 

   





. VJ; ,

/ \V'” ' >

‘ \ It“ EV] ‘e ' ‘ ‘2





K The original and the node late

Standard Veterinary Remedy luv Heavea; free bo-iklek

explains fully. 35year§ sale and vetennary use.





CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTEfiS CAUSE—

IHDIGESTIMI. IT’S A GRAN!) CGHIL

TIONER MID WORM EXPELLER '





Safe. Most economical. Excellent for Cattle and flags.

31.00 per can at dealers. at same price by parcel post.





THE NEWToN RWY 00.. T016110. 0M0





MINERAUW

‘ H EAV Basra





 





 

 





$3 Package guaranteed to give satisfaction or money

so . 31 Package sufficient for ordinary cases.

”IE3”. HERVE REMEDY 00.. 463 Four“! ‘18.. Pittsburg. fa.

Men to take charge of flow Testing

wanna Associations in Michigan Dairy

fan-inexperience necessary. Other training given

free. in short time. Wages $50 per month with board,

edging and transportation furnished. Good exper-





ience. Apply giving past experience to Dairy Exten-

sion Office. Mich. Agri. College, East, Lansing. Mich.





We want Fresh White Leghorn Eggs. We pay

aypremmm over the highest market quotation

and remit immediately upon arrival.





 





 





 





Fox River Butter Co.. Detroit, .Michigan.

Ship To The Old Reliable Hons.

Daniel McCsffrey'a Sons,





flaws Wabmh Bid .. Pittsburgh Pa.

F R U IT





E G G ’ S

a I- "x 1

wood sound smooth Runnels





FOR SALE: Potatoes for seed or table





use. Write E A. BAGKUS & SON, Carsonville, Mich.





Farms and farm Lands For Sala





40-Acre Farm, $1750,

Four Miles To City





of 60,000 people. a noted manufacturi 0



acres din-I; loamplo acres wirelenced figmffefefibmag



wood. variety fruit; 9-room house, maple shade, tele-



phone il‘ desired. 40 foot barn, hog. wagon and ~

. swing, for 81750. part down.



§°iiifiti$emdafi°5nwh§ Sdii'i‘fic““'“““°"neo“°”



{A . ,. . t ‘ A

10!. 150 Nassau Ht, New York. GENOY' L





$

' SHEEP.





 





We want your entire crop.

Write for rubber stanlp.

The E. L. Ilichmond Co..

Detroit. Michigan.





 





 





We want new laid stock and

can ay top§rices for than.

AM ‘RICA BUTTER &

CB EESE CO. Dcttolt.MtclI





 





 





 





 





Shropeshire Ewes

Mostly yearlings with lambs by side. extra good

ones, come at once if you want them.





Kopo‘Kon Farm, Kinderhoolifilcll.‘

OXFORD DOWN SHEEP Xgigg .





for sole. M. 1'. Gaussian Lennon. Mich. .





 





 





When writing toadvers? f7

tisers please mention the; .

Michigan. Partners I
CCORDING to F. L. Holmes, the

secretary, and S. W. Boyton,.the

manager, the Quincy Co-opera—



,tive Shippers & Buyers’ Association is



the largest live stock shipping asso-

ciation in Michigan, if not in the north

central states. The association 'which

is a co-operative organization of live

stock producers was formed September

25, 1914, and has been steadily grow-

ing ever since until now it has a mem-

bership of over 400. The volume of

business has increased season by sea-

son, and last year amounted to over

$311,000, which is a very respectable

figure. The organization has brought

about the retirement from the field of

a. number of drovers who followed one

another about the country making bids

on animals. The money which former-

.ly went to pay for this wasteful driv-

ing now goes‘to the producers in the

form of better net returns for live

stock. So efficient and economical are

the business methods of the Quincy

Association that farmers haul stock a

distance of twelve miles to ship

through the organization. So com-

pletely is the association operated for

the benefit of the producers that the

advantages of the shipping facilities

are extended without charge.to the

members of all the co-operative asso-

ciations in the nearby territory. Pro-

ducers, however, who are not members

of a co-operative shipping association

are charged extra. This is the mutual

benefit idea elaborated to a credita-

ble end.



The marketing of live stock natural—

ly divides itself into three parts, name-

ly, (1) the listing of the animals; (2)

the receiving, weighing, marking and

loading, and (3) the making of the

settlements. Shipments are nearly al-

ways made on Wednesdays or Satur-

days, because on these days the rail—

road company guarantees a thirty-six~

hour schedule to Buffalo. If the stock

is not maturing into marketing condi-

tion too fast, shipments are made only

Saturdays as then the stock goes on

the Monday market, which is believed

to be the best of the week. The officers

of the association keep in close touch

with the members and note in pocket

memorandum books all lots of stock

that are nearly ready for market.

When enough stock is listed to insure

a good shipment word is sent out by

telephone as to the kind of a shipment

to be made, and the day. For instance

if cattle are to be shipped it is desir-

able to have enough to make a carlot.

There are slight differences in the

transportation charges and the man-

agement aims as far as possible to

take advantage of these differences to

the financial gain of the producers.



Farmers are expected to deliver

their animals by noon of the day of

shipment. On a busy day there will be

a long string of: farmers in line with





the wagon racks filled with animals





waiting to unload. As each lot of ani-

mals is received it is graded, weighed,

and when necessary the animals mark-

ed. Then they are yarded preparatory

to being loaded. Over 900 animals

have been received and shipped out by

the Quincy Association in a single day.

The largest single shipment yet made

was ten decks.



The grading is done on the same

principle and in the same manner as

at the Buffalo yards to which practical-

ly all the stock is forwarded. In ship-

ping cattle each animal is weighed and

marked separately and sold upon its

merits. The veal calves are graded as

No. 1 and culls according to the. condi-

tion of each animal when weighed.

The hogs are graded as heavy, york-

ers, pigs, rough, stags and boars, and

the receipt which each producer gets

“fat the time of deliVering his stock

~ shows how many animals and pounds

' of each grade he is marketing. The





..,_sheep are graded as lambs, ewes,-





bucks, yearlings and veal" lambs. The

different lots of sheep are indicated

with marks of varying design made

with different colored paints on the

backs of the animals. So well do the

officers of the Quincy Association un-

derstand the Buffalo system of grading

that only rarely do they find on the

account sales indications of a different

grading than what they made. They

have become skilled in the matter of





mined and the local expenses deducted.

The Quincy Association has been for-

tunate inso far in enjoying small

shri'nkages. This is partially due to

the quick running time to Buffalo.

However, extremes in shrinkage are

evened up so that the shrinkage, one

shipment with another, is fairly uni-

form. " '



The local expense in addition to the

two cents for insurance, consist of the





 





 





A Satisfied Member Delivering Hogs





on May 12, When 50 Calves, 180 Hogs





and 97 Sheep were Shipped by the Association.





grading by numerous trips to Buffalo

and by extensive experience. “‘



As satisfactory returns to the pro-

ducers depend upon keeping the ex-

penses down, as well as making good

sales, the management'plans the load-

ing of the cars so as to get the'max«

imum number of animals into each car

with the minimum chance of loss by

death or because of crippled animals.

Car loading is an art which the Quincy

officers have mastered. Because of

long experience they know exactly

how to handle the different kinds of

animals, which to put by themselves,

and what animals to crate.



All animals received by the associa-

tion in a healthy condition are insured

against ordinary death or injury in

transit. The railroad is responsible in

case of unusual delay or accident to

the carload. A charge of two cents per

one hundred pounds of live weight is

made upon the animals shipped, and





' ger.





cost of incidental expense in connec-

tion with loading and a charge of eight

cents per one hundred pounds for com-

pensation to the secretary and mana-

When stock is received from

farmers who are not members of a co-

operative association they are charged

two cents per one hundred pounds ex-

tra and the money obtained from this

source is sufficient to cover incidental

expenses. The total deductions, includ-

ing freight, selling commission, insur-

ance, local expense, varies from forty-

seven to forty—nine cents for each one

hundred pounds of Buffalo weight.

Only three times in the history of the

Quincy Association has this expense

reached the fifty-cent figure.- The net

amount due each farmer is given him

through the medium of an association

check.



It is the ambition of the officers of

the Quincy Association to make re-

turns to the farmers that are favor-





 





”ww-





 





Yards at Quincy where the Association Transacts its Business.





from the fund so obtained all ordinary

losses are paid. If, however, at the

time of receiving an animal appears

to be nearing the end of its earthly

existence the association refuses to

forward it except at the owner’s risk.

The two cents per hundred pounds

charged for insurance has been found

entirely adequate. This is largely due

because of the great skill displayed in

handling and loading the animals.

Settlements for stock shipped are

made on receipt of the account sales

and checks from the Buffalo market.





The checks are for the selling price of ,





the stock, less transportation charges

and the commission for selling. Before

the returns can be distributed among

the producers the amount of shrinkage

on .each "lot of animals. must be deter-





e





able. If a shipment fails to reach Buf-

falo in time for the Monday market,

but is sold on the Tuesday market at

higher prices. the farmers are given

the benefits of the advance, but, if on

the other hand, Tuesday prices are less

than the Monday, the settlements are

made on the basis of the Monday pric-

es and ‘a claim is put into the railroad





company for the amount of the loss be- ,





cause of failure to make deliveryvas

per schedule. So far the association

has been very successful in the collec-





tion'of these claims, also in the collec-





tion of its other just claims.



The association has a current bank

balance that is close to one thousand

dollars. This is its working capital

Because of actual cash in hand it is





able te meet all its bills promptly and i





x





and the same i





 





to buy such supplies as its members '5





may order 00- Operatively.





The association is operated without'~

.flourishes or trimmings.





Although it

is doing a business amounting to over

a quarter of a million of dollars a year

it does not maintain an office, does not





possess a single mahogany desk, is ,





without stenographers',» messengers,





oflice boys, porters and doorkeepers; is,





without typewriter, calCulating ma-

chine, file case, or safe. But it does

have a' good accounting system, is ofli-

cered' by men ”who are quick at figures,

are not afraid to work, who are ac—

curate, and are honest beyond doubt.

They are practical demonstrators as

to what can be accomplished in the

way of reducing “the high cost of mar-

keting.” They conduct for their fel-





low farmers a big business in a re?





markably efficient manner and at a.

cost that has all the appearance of be-

ing very near to bed rock: '





A NEW STANDARD BARREL LAW.





 





At the lastsession of the Michigan

Legislature the following measure was

enacted into law, which changes the

requirements of selling farm produce

in barrels. The full text of the meas-

ure is here given without comment.





The People of the State of Michigan

enact:



Section 1. The standard barrel for

fruits, vegetables, and other dry com—

modities other than cranberries shall

be of the following dimensions when

measured without distention of its

parts; length of staves, twenty- eight

and one— —half inches; diameter of heads

seventeen and one- -eighth inches; dis—

tance between heads, twenty- six inch-

es; circumference of bulge, sixty- -four

inches, outside measurement, and the

thickness of staves not greater than

four-tenths of an inch. Provided, that

any barrel of a different form having

a capacity of seven thousand fifty- -six

cubic inches shall be a standard barrel.

The standard barrel for cranberries

shall be of the following dimensions

when measured without distention of

its parts: Length of staves, twenty-

eight and one-half'inches; diameter of

heads, sixteen and one-fourth inches;

distance between heads,

and one-fourth inches; circumference

of bulge, fifty-eight and one-half inch-

es, outside measurement; and the

thickness of staves not greater than

four-tenths of an inch.





Section 2. -It.shall be unlawful to

sell, offer, or expose for sale in this

state, or to ship from this state, to any

other state, territory, or the District of

Columbia or to a foreign country, a

barrel containing fruits or vegetables or

any other dry commodity of less capa-

city than the standard barrels defined

in the first section of this act, or sub-

divisions thereof known as the third,

half, and three-quarter barrel, and any

person guilty of a willful violation of

any of the provisions of this act shall

be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor

and be liable to a fine not to exceed





‘one hundred dollars, in any court of





this state having jurisdiction: Provid-

ed, however, that no-barrel shall be

deemed below standard within the

meaning of this act when shipped to

any foreign country and constructed

according to the specifiCations or di—

rections of the foreign purchaser if not

constructed in conflict with the laws

of the foreign ecuntry to which the

same is intended to be shipped.





Section 3. Reasonable variations

shall be permitted and tolerance es

tablished by rules and regulations

made by the director of the bureau of

standards and approved by the Secre-

tary of Commerce. Prosecutions for

offenses under this act may be begun

upon complaint of local sealers of

weights and measures or other officer





of the state appointed to enforce the





laws of the said state, relating to

weights and- measures: , Provided, how-

ever,’th’at nothing in this act shall ap-

ply to barrels used in packing or ship—

ping commodities sold exclusively by

weight or numerical count. '2



Section 4. This act shall be in force

and effect from and after the first day

of September, nineteen hundred sev-

enteen.





Section '5. ~An act entitled-"An vaot' i‘~ -‘

to regulate the size of dry or packing:

barrels for fruits, roots and vegeta-_ ,

bles, ” being section six thousand two »

hundred fifty-four of the Com-pillar '





Laws of nineteen hgndred flftee





 

 

   

   

 





twenty-five
'ers their faith is molded;





‘ own heartaches,





 

 





MOTHER'S LOVE.





 





 





‘Paper read by Mrs. Carrie Dinger at

a. recent meeting of the Penfield Farm-

ers’ Club, and published by request of

the Club.



“Most of all the other beautiful

things in this life come inltwos, and

three, dozens and hundreds; plenty of

roses, stars, sunsets, rainbows, broth-

ers and sisters, aunts and cousins, but

only one mother in all the wide world."

wKate Douglas Wiggins.



There is an old Hebrew proverb

which says: “God could not be every-

where, therefore He made Mothers. So

Mothers were made for the world and

the world for Mothers, and without

Mothers there would be no world, to

the little babe she is all the world.





.Fathers cannot be left out‘, as they





came first, but God, to complete His





. work, gave us Mothers, and from their





flesh and blood, the race of man is

fashioned, from their hopes and pray-

from their

love the tenderness of heart is throb-





bing. Their prayers send them forth.





with high ambitiOn and noble thoughts.

In all this world no font of deep strong

deathless love save that within a

Mother’s heart.”



God’sJove is compared to it where

in Isaiah it says. “As one whom his

Mother comforteth I will comfort you."



Yes, she comes to you when sorrow

and adversity is upon you, hiding her

and with cheering

words and loving counsel strives to

disperse the clouds that hang heavy

over you, and her love endureth for-

ever.



Fathers may forsake their children.

Brothers and sisters become enemies,

husbands and wives lose their love for

each other, but a Mother’s love still

lives on.



Whate’er befalls her child, if into the

depths of sin it goes, no deed is dark

enough to quench the flame; the dark—

er the depths the brighter that light

grows. She would even leave Heaven

to go to that erring one with hopes to

bring her child out of the depths.



The sweet theme of Mother has rang

through all the ages and the very word

expresses to the human heart all that

it can feel or know of love, tenderness

self-sacrifice. No note of song more

sweet than that one worm-Mother.



There is magic in it. It has power

over the wayward when tempted to

stray in forbidden paths.



It comes to those who have parted in

anger and softens their hearts. It

comes to the old when dreaming of

days long past and they live again in

the halo of her love and the words,

“My Mother” comes from their lips as

a sacred utterance.



It comes to the wanderer in strange

lands, and the heart will ache fer a

touch of the hand or a glance of love

light from her eye; it will bring them

back ofttimes to her loving embrace.

It comes to the statesman holding the

highest position in the land and fills

his cups~ of joy to feel and know that

his Mother has a share in his honor.





It may seem as though there were

some so hardened in sin that the name

of Mother could have no effect on them,

but down deep in the vault of the heart

is a jewel box containing one or more

precious jewels of memories of the

dear old Mother. It may almost seem

as when traveling this hardened road

the key to the vault and casket has

been lost, and it will never be opened.

But sometime, somewhere, a key will

be found that will unlock that treasure

and bring to the erring one's view the

jewel that will soften and lead back

to a better manhood or womanhood.



In every woman is a God-given in-

stinctof motherhood, which shows in

.thoglovelthatfi-reaches out to children





" gthat, are‘l‘nfotj their {own by birth, the.





 





Oliver Wendell Holmes says: ’ “The

real neligion of this world comes from

woman much more than from man.

From Mothers most of all, who carry

the key of our souls in their bosoms.

‘She is the interpreter between God and

man; she brings to her little one the

goodness of God by her teaching and

loving care."



Mother is the name for God in the

lips and hearts of little children, kneel-

ing at her knee to lisp their little pray-

ers. God and ’Mothe‘r are merged in

one, and in after life they see him still

through her it is written that the sins

of the fathers are visited on their chil-

dren; it is also as plainly written that

the virtues of the Mother are visited

upon them, ' and What a rich inher-

itance given to boy or girl, rich and

poor alike !.



“Honor thy Father and thy Mother."

What does that mean?

and obey? It is more than that; it is

to be.all that your Mother would have

you be, all that she thinks you are.



‘fSay, tellers, let me tell yer, I’d be

happy as a clam, if I only was the fel-

ler,’ that my mother thinks I am. She

thinks I am a wonder, and knows her





little-lad could never mix with nothing. .





that's ugly, mean or bad. And lots of

times I sit and think how nice ’twould

be. gee whiz! if a feller was the feller

that his mother thinks he is."



Yes, strive to be all she thinks you

are, noble and upright men and women,

for through you the world judges your

Mother. Then show to the world you

have the best, and don't be afraid to

sometime tell her so. Every word of

loving praise will be dropped in that

'jewel box of memory as a precious

treasure. How many, many that are

living in the memories of their Moth:

ers, if they could live over the past,

would be more mindful of her. Christ

would teach us. by His example when

in the agony of His last hour he was

mindful of his Mother.



Yes, Mother is a sweet name and no

higher sphere can woman reach in

this world than to wear the crown of

Motherhood.



Was there ever a. name that lived

like this?



Will there ever be such another?

The angels have reared in heaven a

shrine to the holy name of Mother.





 





CLUB DISCUSSION-S.





 





A New But Active Ciub.——The May

meeting of the Lynn Farmers’ Club

was held at the home of Mr. and Mrs.

William Gottschalk. President A. J.

Smith called the meeting to order and

Mrs. Ransom Teetsel acted as secre-

tary. A number of patriotic songs

were sung, and the county agent dis

cussed agricultural matters pertaining

to the production of maximum crops

to meet the war crisis. The preserv-

ing'ol‘ fruits and vegetables was also

taken up at considerable length, and

the women of the Club were much in-

terested and are planning to co-oper-

ate with those of Elliott Grange in

holding a. cold-pack demonstration on

the afternoon of June 11. Various oth'

er subjects were discussed by the mem-

bers present, and all felt that some ac

tion should be taken looking to a

more concerted effort on the part of

all the Clubs in the county for the im-

provement of St. Clair County agricul-

ture and rural life. The holding of a

union picnic in August in which every

Club in the county should participate

was believed to be a most desirable

step to unify the work of the various

Clubs and enable them to pull together

to better advantage for the accom-

plishment of common ends. The Lynn

organization is one of the new Clubs

started last winter during the farm-

ers' institute season,-and it is making

very substantial progress indeed. The

next meeting will be held at Mr. and

Mrs. William Campbell’s in Lynn town-

ship June 21.



‘ A Profitable Meeting.——On May 2 the

Grant. and Burtchville Farmers’ Clubs,

of St. Clair county met at the pleasant

home of Mr. and Mrs. George Conat.

Although‘farmers are at present very

busy,- there were about 120 people

present. During the forenoon people

visited and discussed vital questions of

the day.’ At noon a sumptuous dinner

was served and an excellent program





tipure motherhood thatfwilljlov’e

“and cherish to a fulfillment. '





Love, honor .





Our Mottoz—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first,- improved."





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.



Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.



Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sin .



Sgecretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurers—Frank Coward. Bronson.



Executive Committee—alas. Helms.

Adrian; Geo B. Horton, Fruit Ridge;

J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W. F. Tay-

lor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh, Sault Ste

Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimondale; Burr

Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





GRANGE MEMBERSHIP IN KENT

COUNTY.





 





Sparta Grange leads with 168 mem-

bers with Courtland Grange second

with 135. Other Granges have mem-

berships as follows: Rockford 106;

Carlile 94; Kent City 74; Kinney 66;

Oakfield 56; Evans and South Lowell,

each 48. These are the nine leading

Granges in the county, the other





.Granges have from 19 to 48 members





each.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Berlin Center Grange held a very

enjoyable meeting on May 4. The lec-

turer, Mrs. Cora Denton, furnished a

short program and a contest was or-

ganized between the men and women.

The leaders were Harrison Sherwood

and Mrs. Bert Kimball. Roll call, new

members, reinstatement, paying dues,

music, original work, recitations, etc.,

for score points. Each side will give

two programs, the men giving the first

on May 17. This promises to be a very

lively contest. _



Sumner Grange met Saturday even-

ing, April 28, with an average attend-

ance. Communications relative to bin-

der twine were read by the secretary.

A circular letter sent out by President

Wilson was read. the same being in

relation to the food shortage and im-

portuning us farmers to raise more.

It is the opinion of the writer that the

farmers are not going to exert them-

selves beyond their previous record

unless assured of a satisfactory price

for their products when harvested. The

present high prices are not wholly due

to any neglect of the farmers, but are

largely occasioned by the unusual sea—

son ‘last year. If the wheat generally

doesn’t look any better elsewhere than

any the writer has seen, the writer

thinks we will yelp like a full-sized

dog another winter, although the usual

acreage has been sown. With the pre-

vailing high prices of seed the farmer

is not going to exceed the limit in

planting this spring. And especially

so, when they have no prospect what

the crop will bring at harvest time.



Ashley Grange met May 4 and decid-

ed it would be impossible to attend

the Pomona at North Star in a body

on May 5. The ground was barely dry

enough to work and rain was threat-

ening. A good patron of husbandry

will not tempt providence bytneglect—

ing to look after his crops when the

weather is favorable, especially now

that we are so far behind with spring

work. The chief business of the ses—

sion was the ordering of binder twine,

etc. New members were received and

applications for membership continue

to come in. Members responded to

roll call with a statement from each as

to what he or she had learned at the

farmers’ institute, that he put into

practice on his farm. The following

program was rendered: Roll call,

“What crop I like best to raise, and

why;” recitation, W. M. E. Robben-

nolt; N. W. Wirebaugh. Subject

to be announced at the meeting. “Feed-

ing and care of stock,” A. Bolles; read-

ing, Mrs. George Coon; ”Alfalfa.” Orr

Trash and Charles Follett. '





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllll





was carried out. Cleon Matheison, in

a very able manner, gave a talk on

government ownership of electric rail-

ways, telegraph 1ines, etc. This was

the speech he delivered at the recent

debate between Port Huron High

School and Albion, when the Port Hur-

on team won. Rev..Francis gave a

pleasing talk on “Development of

Character.” Mrs. George McKenzie

read a paper on “Our Responsibili-

ties." The meeting closed by a patri-

otic duet by Rev." and Mrs. Brown, the

Club joining in the chorus. All went

home feeling the day had been well

spent. The Club will meet with Mr.

and Mrs. A. McIntyre in, June. ' ‘





llllllllllllllllllllllllllg





 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





/





INCLUDES Cedar

Rapids Governor Pul~~

’ ley with shaft 4 to 12 ft.



long —— pulleys and



hangers according to

., length of shaft—heavy

plank to which hangers are attached.

Governor pulley prices





-—as low as $12.00





Costs little more than the average friction

clutch pulley. The governor with a. thou-

sand different speeds —— controls any

speed instantly. Regulates the speed of

several pulleys on the same shaft—speed

regulated by a simple turn of the hand-

wheel on the governor and speed alWays ‘

uniformly maintained.



Install it yourself—with a screw driver.

No service troubles—no figuring pulley

sizes—attach it to the wall—the ceiling

or the floor.



Ask Your Dealer About It

He’ll gladly demonstrate it for you,

show you how it will control your

machinery and how easily it can be in«

stalled. Or write us for illustrated

folder and prices of all sizes.



Cedar Rapids Foundry and Machine Co.

902 Second Street. West

Cedar Rapids. Iowa





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   





 





\l





 

 





 

   

 





 





 





Insure Your Automobile





In a Safe Company





With an organization which is

producing enough business to pay

for a stolen car each day, and a sur-

plus of $65,000 on hand and 21,700

policies issued, the Company is pre«

pared to meet all claims.



Auto owners realize that great

care should be used in driving and

that the ordinances of most large

cities make it illegal to leave auto

mobiles on the street without a

proper lock; yet accidents continu-

ally oecur and cars are stolen.



The farmer and the business man

who joins a mutual should select

one that has "a large membership

and a surplus on hand to meet

claims. _



Should you have a large damage

claim against you, the only mutual

company in the state able to give

you prompt and efficient service

with money on hand to pay the

judgment. is the Citizens' Mutual

Automobile Insurance Company, of

Howell. and the cost is only $1.00

for policy and 250 per H. P.





 





 





 





A GOOD ENGINE FOR SALE





A Cook stationary gasoline engine with 9K. W.,

Direct Current Generator. This. is an eflicient

power plant. which we lime used a few months

but have no further use for on account of moving

into a new building. To move it we will sell for

, f. o. b. Detront. _It will come in mighty

handy on some form this summer.

MICHIGAN STATE AUTO SCHOOL, De t, A.

anon Woodward Avenue. Detroit, Mic lgan





lulu Flag Brackel





Send us twenty-five cents and

we wxll send 'you prepaid one

Black Ja on Metal Fla:

Bracket of your automobile

radiator. Give no make of car

and we will send one to'fit.





Halosburg Slmi Halal Work:

Galesburg, Ill.





German §eed Millet ‘3'“





Bu. *

333 Extra 250.

MARTIN DAWSON CO.. Ypsilanti. Michigan





Do You Need Farm Labor?





We have oxgorienced and inexperienced men and

boys who win to work on farms. Tho] are bright at»

bor._ clean and willing‘ Address; Jewish Agricultural

Society, 712W.12th .. Ohicuo Ill. -





Foxes Wautulrm mm Beds. wm

ohmeb. sass pnowu. ffi.fi°fi?{”d “PM





-When- writing to advertisers please; .

mention The Michigan Farmer. '_





 





 





 





 





 





-“ “‘1'—

* *1: ,-





\‘A—u
‘Reds Send for catalogue





. teed delivery alive and lively.





 





 





OUIJI‘RY .





Baby Chicks





From Standard Byred S. C. White and Brown Leg-

horns. $10. 00 per 100; $90. 00 per 1.000. Bred to lay

large white og Safe arrival guaranteed. Cata-

logue free. OLVE VERINE HATCHERY, Box

2221, Zeeland, Mich.





Baby Chicks and Hatching Eggs





From Bred to- Lay Barred Rocks. 8. C. White Leghorns

ands 0. Bull Orpingtons. All high class stock at very



nable r cos. Send for our Chick Folder at once.

RUSOSELL FCULTRY RANCH, Petersburg. Mich.





 





 





C.White Leghorns. 5, 0(1) for May,at



Ball! chicksls $12. 00 per 100. Safe delivery guaranteed.

All breeders are farm raised and bredf or high egg

reduction. Order direct from this advertisement.

UNNYBROOK FARM , - - Hillsdale. Mich.





Cheaper than hatching eggs. We

Baby ChiCks specialize in Leghorns. Rocks and

Twentieth C e n tu ry

Hatchery Company. Box 162, New Washing—it on, Ohio.





C H C K mm, 30%, on...

I Beyst laying. strains.

"when. Prices rich





‘I'IFflI POUIJII Flllfl‘ I MICIEII. Dept. 16, “fill. “I.-





 





 





 





OHN’S big beautiful hen-hatched Barred Rocks,

30good la ers. Breeding ens (5 birds) $10 to $20.

30, $2.50; 1 .$7. Circulars. 110130. John Northon. Clare Mich.





EGGS FROM STRAIN with

Barred ROCkS ° records to 297 eggs a year $2

per 15 Deli1ered by parcel post, prepaid. Circu or

tree. Fred Ant-ling. Constantine. Mich





 





from full blood stock





Barred Plymouth llocllis Eggs 5.150 p... 13, pm.





winning strain. Barnum. Union City. Mich.





‘Ferris White Leghorns





A real heavy laying strain trapncsted l7

years, records from 200 to 264 eggs Get

our special summer prices on yearling hens

‘— breeding males eggs for hatching. 8-week-

old pullets and day old chicks. We ship C. O. D. and

guarantee results. Catalog glVCS prices; describes stock tells

all about our farm and methods, results you can get by breed-

_1ng this strain. Send for your copy now—it 15 free.



GEORGE B. FERRIS 934 Union Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





   

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





 





 





CHICKS are booking orders now for spring de-

! livery, difl'erent varieties. free booklet.





Freoport Hatchery, Box 12. Freeport. Michigan





“ZOO-Egg” PedigreeWhite Leghorns





Baby Chicks. Eggs for Hatching



‘b'Bred- to- lay” strain. 114'orous, healthy stock, all sired



by Missouri Experinient Station males with pedigrees

of 201') to ’74 eggs in one y.< 211‘. Ohi(k 11, $2") for 100 31C -0

for .'.10 Eggs fur hatching, $10 for 100. Thousands of

satisfir-d lustomsrs. Book your order at once for

eggs-I for hatthing and baby chicks of quality. We

sell \I igic ll rooders, best breeders made, $16.50 each,

capai ity 300 to 500 chicks. Catalogue. Mich Ignn

Poultry Farm, Lansing. Mich. "Michigan’ 11

Largest Poultry Farm."





LAYBILT 8. ll. W. lEliHflllNS





Large, Great layers, Pure While





Proved egg type from like ancestry. Not the “Best' in

the World.‘ but None Better for beauty and laying

ability. Laybilt Leghorn. mean either better quality

at the same price or the same quality’at a. less price.



Selected hatching eggs.” boner-15, arcel Postpaid:

$5 per 100: 90% fertility guaranteed. Strong Day-Old

Chicks. now $10 per 100. Hatch every week. Guaran.

Everfreoh Ed: Farm.





 





 





lonin. Mich.





BUFF LEGHORNSS





Dr. William A. Smith,





ecial June Sale.

ens Pens Jr Eg

Petoroburg. Mic





 





F l I Buff Rocks.1amnowbookin orderstoreggs

0" or s at $1 50 for 15. $3 for30. 34 01'50 .37 for100.

Pen No. 1 $4 for] Also one 2 yr. old Wh hit eHol-

land Tom. B. B. Fowler. Hartford Mich.





E G G S for setting from 11.0. Brown Leg

horns, leading strains in America



Also W. China Geese and M. Pair in ducks.



MRS. CLAUDIA BETTS, Hillsdale. Michigan





Egaday While Wyandoiios, £35530 “”753636 first)?

GADA‘ RANCH Mai-shall, Mich.





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





‘ C - 0



stops chicks dying



Nearly all the chicks you lose

die from White Diarrhoea or Chick

Cholera. Avicol is guaranteed to cure

and prevent this costly disease. also

Black-head in turkeys and all other

bowel diseases of poultry. Leadin

poultry breeders everywhere use and

endorse Avicol. Easily given, in the

drinking water. Saves your chicks

and makes them grow faster. good

. tonic and conditioner for all poultry.

Bond- Guaranteed to do





the work or money promptly refund-

ed. Avicol is a new scientific dis-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





covery—nothing else like it. Your

poultry remedy dealer can supply

you. If not. we will

send you Avicol by mail

prepaid. Price 250

and 50c. Don ‘1 ac-

um a substitute.





8&1? oosler Block





Indianapolis,





 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 





 

 





 





HE flock of young chicks is con-

stantly, in peril from rats , and

.. weasels and when an attempt is

made to produce a large flock of broil-

ers the losses are'often so extensive

that there is no profit. My first expe-

rience with a weasel was discouraging.

In a colony house, raised about four

inches from the ground, we placed 250

chicks under a stove broader. It was

intended to raise the house at least

two feet in the air and place it on

blocks before the chicks hatched, but

stormy weather and spring work-caus-

ed the neglect. At night the chicks

were safely sleeping under the warm

brooder as we supposed. The next

morning, a hole had been eaten





'through the breeder floor and 117





chicks had been killed and dragged





 





Ftp

”URI:





“app if! WHEN "ill llEEll Pllllll'lll SUPPLIES

“7410‘ Everything we sell is guaranteed



You can return any goods you



uy rom us and get your money back. We ship



C. O. D. if desired, quote very lowest prices





and carry the most complete line in the country.

Here 15 a partial list:





Egg Cas Shipping C00 9 Tm Nests

Fillers and Flat: Chick Boxes 1) 11: Nests

Egg Scales Feed Troughs Nest Egg:



Leg Bands Clovci Cutters Egg Testers

incubators Root Cullers Egg Records

Brooders Bone Cutters Chick Markers





Portable Houses Grilldlllfl Mills

Ont Sproulers





\Niiter Fountnins





Ca ponizinp, Sets

oullry Books





00 ng

Poultry Fence Lice Powder





Grit Automntk Feeders Lice Paint

Oyster Shell Beets Scrap 1smiec1anis

Charcoal Chick Feed Poultry Remedies

Allalla Scratch Ferd Spray Pumps





Egg Prescrvativc Exhibition Coops

Egg Dating Stumps Em; Trays

Folding Egg Cmies Egg C ibinets





Fattrning Crates

owl Catchers

Meisture Gages





if you don’ 1 find what you want in the above list write us

anyway. We have everything a poultryman needs. A 051

card will bring the 40 page catalog by return mail. s

will gladly send it free, whether you buy or 1101.





6 .

GEORGE B. FERRIS 13.111313115115115}, :iicu.





 





 





 





 





Silver Spangled Hamburg Egg: $1311.. 57111133011

Turkey GRTHVE S5 or setting. Circulars sent for stamp.

VIEW FARM, Vassar, Michigan.





1

Single Comb Black Minorcas féife‘fieifi

s1redbya1') lb cock bird. R. W. Mills, Saline. Mich

1100 egg strain. Tom Barron hens.

8- c IWMl. [0837"; Baby chicks 15c each. Hatching

eggs 50 each. W. Gordon. Fowlcrville. Michigan.





 





 





 





S C White Leghorns. Size shape. wgor, egg produc-

. ti'on. Hatching eggs $5. fishy Chicks :11 per 100 15

years In the hen business. A. 0. Howard Tecumseh, Mich.





Plymouth Rock llalching E538. 32.519331313311111:

vet and White. Sheridan Po terards.8heridsn. Mich





SILVER, Golden and WhiteWyandottes. Eggs from

some grand matings. $1. 50 per 15 $2. per30. large

W. Browning, R. 2 Portland. Mich.





 





vigorous birds





wHI'lEWyandottes A. 1 is age“. Eggs for hatchin

587 per 100. peoial matin 885 for T5

DAVI DSZRAY.1709 Norris St.. Ypsilanti. iiiohigan.





 





 





White Wyandottes winter & summer layers. Eggs

$5 50 run 100 Baby Chix $12 per 100. Satisfaction

guaranteed. Hemlock Poultry & Stock Farm Prescott Mich.





 





From prize winnin S C.

HatChing EggsW W. Leghoms 31.50 g er 15.

White Line Poultry Farm, Hillsdale, ieh.





 





FOR SALE 8. C. Buff 6(10%;)1in2gt500151 eggs from good stock.

0. K. layers. 15, 31.5 . , 100, 87H001Prioesssme

till July 10. Mrs. Calvin Fuller. 11.2, Bancroft, Mich.





 





My Young’s Strain S. C.White



lllllll'on Your Pullllfl- Leghorns are great money

k.ers Strong,vigorous, bred- to-layistoek. Babychicks



$88 to $11 per 100. Sltisisction gu srsntoed. Large orders filled.

Free catalogue. W. Van Appledorn, Holland. lich" R. 7, Box 141.





ORSE' B White Leghorns. State Cup winners. Bred

for eggs for years. Now sellingeggs. chix and stock.

Free catalog. Rufus Morse, Belding, Mich.





 





INE Crests. C. White ()rpingtons. cockerels. ul-

Plets. eggs 85 and $3 per 15.11tillty38per 100. E gs 1111f

rice after May 15th. MRS. WILLIS HOUG .Pine





rest Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan.





RHODB ISLAND REDS and PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to 1138321055“: P. R. hens

weight 5 to 10 lbs. eggs 15 for $1.00 100. 35:1 .00.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according.

to age 86 to $25.10 eggs ‘8. A. E. Cramton Vausr. Mich.





' Both Combs. Dark Red.

ll. I. lied Chicks and Eggs. Wm... We... Bred by

more Michigan farmers than a nggotherstrain Catalog.

free. Interlakes Farm, Box Lawrence. M1ch.





RINGLET ’ Barred Rocks The famous showiaud



laying strain Fggs$2 $2.00 for] De-

livered by Parcel Post from selected mattingl. Plain View Stock

Farm J. W. Salisrd. Pr0p. Res. W. St Claire St. .. Romeo. Mich.





Barred Rock Eggs “£851,133: $233,950

W. C. COFFMAN. 3 Benton Harbor. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘Bnrrurns' 11111111310111.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





 





 





We Oiler a Few Spec1al Bargams

In S. C. White Leghorn cockerels, Ram-

bouillet rams, Hampshire pigs (either

sex) and Holstein bulls. A good chance

for a small investment to reap the bene-

fit of a large expenditure of capital and

years of expert breeding.





Flanders Farm, Orchard Lake, Mich.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





Bulls by BLACK UALITY ITO. sire, First prize,

Breeders and Calf erds Mich. State Fair 1916. We

also won first on Exhibitors Herd. nChampion Bull.

Jr. Champion Female and Grand Cham ion Cow. Also

breeders of Percheron. Hackney and addle Horses.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. IONIA, MICH.





 





 





 





Homestead Farms





0n acoclount of abundant orders. we cannot promise

DayO dChicks until into June. We can still supply





Eggs for Hate ing

Rocks, Reds Wyandottes Black Minoreas and Leg-

horns; Geese Ducks and White Holland Turkeys.

Cookerels and pullets of out several breeds can be sup-



lied from Jul on thru the autumn months and we

nvite 1n uiry rom anywwho want any of thesfiowls.

HOMES EAD FAR S. Bloomingdale, 1011.





E8 and180 Chicks. Pure bred

R. and So c. nedSOato g; lmgood Scotch 00].

lie Pups. O. E. Hurley, LudlnAgton. M1ch.

contest. Best





per 46. Baby

ichigan.





 





 





HODE I. Whites win in the egg layi

Eeggn and market fowl. Eggs :2 or 15,

lo H.Jump, Jackson,





 





.011th .31 '10» “1111;":‘1553'3‘11 Ban-53%}???





Alpine Pou try arm. 38.2 . Grand Rapids. Mich.





:11 eggs from a2“) egg strain. 82

'WABWDfimd l‘ihchlgainll 0391131?





FOR S ALE Good fAngus bulls. bred cows. and

heifers. Prices reasonable

Geo. Hathaway & Son. Ovid. Mich.





' Two 111‘ l '-



Two choice Bcgislmd Guernsey: f... if". 2.1.31.3;



in the next 60 ays, fine individuals and well bred,



each. don‘ t wait a. month if you want these, they

will go. to t e first man sees them



J. M. WILLA MS. - - North Adams, Mich.





GUERNSEYS: Choice Reg. Bulls from 4





me. to 1 old read for

service from dgood producers. Al’so 4selected high

grade 2yr. ol heifers. fresh. with 3 heifer calves.

81.82 ure bred. well marked and Spaced right.



flea ow-Grold Guernsey Farm. Johns. Michigan.





 





 





Guernsey Bullso 01' gem“ 3:101 3:13!“- cslvgsugilpm

T V.- HICKS-Roux” '3. Cent 11:11.



Queens... eves-“Lust



uiwodsni‘fssr" rahsif’iimiuww’fi'.‘ mob





GUERNSEYS





Bull calves for sale. from

mm com,





 





0111111101111. - .,





 





A Prize-winner of the Oldest Breed

Known, the Black Dorking.





 





for rats and weasels.





‘ visit the next.





 





through the hole under the broader

house by one or more weasels. The

chicks were stacked Up in neat piles

under the floor. Some of them had

been killed just to give the weasel

pleasure, as not more than a third

showed the mutilation where the blood

had been sucked out.

Make Colony House Rat Proof.



In protecting a flock from weasels

the colony house should be raised at

least a foot from the ground and sup-

ported on smooth cement blocks. In

building such a house it pays to place

one-fourth inch mesh wire under the

matched flooring to prevent rats and

weasels rfom eating into the house.

The loss of one flock of chicks is much

more expensive than the extra cost of

building a. colony house by the right

method.



When chicks are brooded with hens

the metal brood coops can be used to

advantage and they are not very ex-

pensive when purchased by ihe dozen.

The A-shaped coops placed on the

ground result in many losses from the

rat and weasel pest. Brood coops

should be placed on thick boards and

Securely closed every night. Scrap

lumber piles, stone ‘piles and rubbish

heaps are frequently breeding places

They should be

cleaned up if poultry production is to

furnish part of the farm income.



Do Not Poison Rodents.



Poisoning rats does not pay, as the

hens may eat the poisoned food or the

rats will die in the fields and be eaten

by the poultry. Trapping is the most

satisfactory. Bury the traps when

they are, purchased, until all odors are

destroyed and then bait them with

material which has been handled with

gloves, or the bait may be avoided by

the rats. A good cat and a rat dog

will assist in keeping down both rats

and weasels. Both of these pests are

greattraveler's. The farm that is free

from. them 'one night may receive a

When" one farmer be-

gins a campaign of trapping and pois-





'oning rats an entire swarm may move





in the night and take up their abode





Eda: on ”the neighbor’s term. The 0111 -~ ur‘c





   

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

   

 





 





rat and weasel prodf and then clean

up everything on the farm which can

be used by the-pests for a breeding

place. R- G. KIBBY.





 





THE CARE OF DUCKS.





 





The, requirements of ducks are so

few that anyone can raise them. They

are less bOther than chickens, not re-

quiring such varied feeding, and a.

fence two feet high will keep them

where you wish them to stay. They

will not dig up the garden, never fly

up onto anything, and are never trou-

bled With lice or bowel troubles as are

chickens.



You can feed them the same kind of.

feed from the fifth day after they

hatch until they are full grown, which

they will be in ten or twelve weeks.



To get ducks for breeders or Winter.

layers, you should hatch them in April

or May, but for the market June is

early enough, unless there is a, good





demand for green ducks in your vicini--





ty.~ It is best to study your market be-

fore setting the eggs.



Do not feed the young ducklings un-

til they are thirty-six hours old, taking

particular pains to see that they are

kept dry and warm. It is not desir-

able to try to raise them with hens, as

they step on so many of them, and the

ducks are even worse to raise them

with. Brooders are much less bother

and will raise a larger per cent of

them. -



For the first five days feed bread

crumbled and moistened with milk, ad-

ding a heaping tablespoonful of sharp

sifted sand. After the fifth day feed

one and a half pounds of middlings,

one and a half pounds of chop, three

pounds of bran and one and a half

pounds of sifted sharp sand, well mix-

ed, and a small amount at a time wet

up into a. crumbly mash. Never feed

only What they will clean up in ten

minutes, three times a day, always giv-

ing fresh water when you feed them,

and be very sure that none of the feed

is dry or they will choke to death.



They must have green stuff and

when small I cut up with the shears,

yard grass, onion tops and lettuce, lat-

er turning them out to range.



They do not need water to swim in

but must have clean water in jars deep

enough to wash their bills in. ‘



I have found them much more profit.-

able than chickens, as they bring more

at the age of three months than a.





‘chicken that it took twice as long to





raise. MRS. M. KENNEDY.





 





DIFFICULTY IN HATCHINGF





Could you tell me what is wrong

with my hatching? I have given the

incubator the best of care and I set

530 eggs and hatched 130 chickens.

There were chickens in the shells and

some were pipped, but did not hatch.

Incubator was run from 101 to 104 de-

grees. I kept plenty of hot water in

the tanks. What do you think is the

trouble? W. H.





Usually when there is difficulty in

chicks coming through the shell, it is

caused by mismanagement with refer-

ence to regulating the ventilation and

supply of moisture.



Very often one follows carefully the

instructions which come with the in-

cubator, but the incubator may be kept

in a room in which the atmosphere is

very dry, and therefore more moisture

is needed than under normal condi-

tions. Undoubtedly if, you had kept

the moisture pan in the nurserytray,

you would have had better success at

hatching time.



Occasionally, however, the eggs are

not'strongly fertilized, and the chicks





are weak, and on that account they





have difficulty in coming through the

shell. If that is the case, it will be

necessary to add more Vigorous cook-





 





number





protection is to make the buildingsg





 





 





erels to the flock, 01: use a gra fir,





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





1 ~-





 





9,1,; l... H





 





l





.1

l





 





 





 





my, we , .
i,

i





<3“.

~ on.





W





M





 





 

 

 

 





 





V .





ideal-infidel Quality Sale '





 





 





of Registered Holstein Cattle

Al: the West Michigan State Fair Ground. in

Grand Rapids, Mich.

on Tuesday June 19th, l917

fl Eighty—nine head of high class cattle that ere





carefully Tuberculin tested and are gimranteed

to be breeders if of breeding age





'25 choice Heifer Calves out of high class sires. 4





A handsomely marked bull call from a 30.27

1b. junior _three year old dam. and out of a. high

claSs sire. ‘ ‘_



A bull cell from e 26.65 lbs. junior three your

old dam and sired by a son of King Segis Pontiac.



. A bull calf sired by am lb. son of Friend Hen-

gerveld De Kol Butter Boy and out of a high re-

cord dam. .



Daughters of the 401b, bull Johanna McKinley

Segis and of the 34 lb. bull Traverse Dutch Weg.



Daughters of other 30 1b. sires that space does

not permit us to mention. .



Young A. R. O. cows with 7 (icyK utter records

from com 28 pounds. Choice A. . 0. cows and

heifers bred to bulls out of dams with A. R. 0.

records from‘30 pounds to 38 pounds of Butter.



, All cattle in sale have been carefully inspemd

by the Sale Committee, and all undesirable uni-

muls have been rejected.



An unusual opportunity to buy high clnss

foundation stock from herds that are carefully

tuberculin tested. A majority of the herds from

which these cattle are consigned are under the

supervision of the Bureau of Animal Industry. and

tested regularly by Government Veterinarians-



“ interested. write for e SuleCatalog.

COL. KELLY. W. R. HARPER.

Auct Solo Manager _





lancer.

MIDDLEVILLE, MICHIGAN





ULSTEIN 8





AND'





BERKSHIBES





All stock guaranteed as

represented





3 choice Bull Calves for fall use, with

large yearly record backing. Can-

not be beat as individuals. Berkshire

gills bred to furrow in August, good

backs,large bone and from large lit-

ters. There is no better investment

in sight.





SWIEIRTMLE FARM





PETERSBURG. MICH.





j“'l'0P NOTCII” HOLSTEINS





Many years 0: careful! management and systematic

handling of our three large herds find us the breeders

and owners of a cow that heads one of the only eight

callbinations of three direct generations of thirty

pound cows in the United States. “’9 have young bulls

for sale sired by a son of this great cow. The blood of

this cow in them, combined with that of other great

animals of the breed in our herds. would insure most



lensin results in almost any herd. McPHERSUN

E‘ARM 00.. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms,

BREEDSVILLE, MICH.

Have Some Fine Registered Stock For Sale





 





 





. ' Very line Young bull five

llnglslerod “rims. months of age A.R.0. 1......“

Satisfaction gnueuteed.W.B.Jom-s & J. Elna. collect-inflict.





olsfeiu (ll-Ives. 10 heifers. and 2 bulls fi-lStln pure.

HI weeks old. beautifully mu “323.00 ouch. outed

for shipment unywho e. Edgewood rum."hihwuer.Wis.





EG. HOLSTEINB: Herd hooded b Albina Bonte

RButter Boy No. £124. Don's reoo at 6 yrs. butter

8.58 lbs. milk 619.4. Yourly record at 2% yrs.

802 lbs. milk 1521 lbeJV. B. READER. Howell,





Cluny Stock Fa rm

100 REGISTERED HOLSTEINS 100





THE MILK AND BUTTER KIND

Thoue Bull Calves will be yenrlings next fall end

winter wthey will coed; you more price and express

then. Those remuiningaro individually right and bred

right. Entire herd above six months old but tuberculin

tested. Not a reaction in the 6% head. Select your herd

sire from a, hard you know is free from tuberculosis.



Prices and pedigrees sent on request.



R. BRUCE McPHERSON. HOWELL, MICH.





OAK LEAF FARM

Herd Sire

Ypsiland Sir Pietertlc De Kol

Service bulls all sold, B v a calf and raise it. Fine

individuals 4 and T» mom 9 old. E. H. Goathert A:

Son. Marcellus. Mich. B. No. 4.





EG. Holsteins. Place your-order now for ubull cull‘.

R I have cows due to freshen soon. bred to the best

b linlioh. Elmer E. Smith. Redford. Michigan





 





REG. Holstein Bull. ready for service. Sir-ed by a

, balfibrotherof World's Champion cow. Send card

for pedigree d: price. E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.





842 Lbs. ‘BUTT Bio





Is the average of the nemi-oificinl records of our herd

hull sdum (at Zyrn), his re. d-dum (M3 rs.) and his

great grand-dam. Three 0 o on young bu s from A. R.

0.1131118. Herd tuberculin tested annually. Holstein.

of course. Peneeland Stock Farm. Threeniverl. Mich.

(lb-I. Peters. Herdsman. C. L. Bredy.0wnor. Port Huron. Mich.





Baylor lull: Fm fl‘hl': We: Slack lam





Choice redHolltein leofromA.B.O.oo

BA? 3'. mnnm. filial-on. Michigan. m





i Need Reg. Holsteins??





You can't find better bred bulls than we are chi-lug.



{gin anionic. don’t need out . We tru-t gm.



tour description booklet. LONG B AC}! FAR S,

no. (Kale-um W





 





o





Warmth s" "3 ism... Lissa;

. oldJa‘fl' L ndsof butter iuayeur. Buothcr in

. z. , won. lou' remains.

ibuttfilu :-





 





 





 

 

 





producers.





 





WINNWOOD H E R D





John H.Winn. lnc., Holton, Mich.

Reference: Old. State Bank. Fremont, Mun.





Have for sole 8 Muplecrost Korndyke Hanger-void

Holstein bulls. One 12 month; one 8 months; one 3

months. all out of A. R. 0. dune. One made I“ .

butter in 7 days as :1 Jr. 2 your old. Another 21 lbs. in-

7 days as 9. Jr. ayear old Alsohuve five others. sumo

breed from 2to6months. Must sell at once. u the

room. Our riees will surprise you. John H. Winn.

Bolton. Mi icon.





in food lung llolzlcin Cow: Fur his





I want to sell as non up possible. TEN GOOD YOUNG

cows. Most of them are bred in “The Milk a Butter

Champiou' a eon of u worlds Record milk cow end his

sire is a son of e worlds record butter cow. We

have more cows than we can milk this Sprin . Sothis

is our chnnce to get a few good ones. Also ave bull

cu vets and s few hulls ready for service.



L E. OONNELL. - - - - Fayette. Ohio





llclslsil ml 603mm llcilcr and lull trim





Choice ”looted promising dairy calvempraoticnll pure

Holstein and pure Guernsey. but not register . nice

color. $20.00 each, all express paddy any point.



MEADOW GLEN know-tor. Wis.





Butter Fat Counts





Holstein Bull Calves from a. 30 lb. 6.53 1 Fire. Dam

are grand daughters of the King of the Pontiacs.

Then-dams grand daughtersof Sadie Vale Concordia

the first 80 lb. cow. Edwin 15‘. Lewis. Marshalldlilch.





A Yearling Holler. ure bred Bol-

For sale stein. Sire. Ooluntha ohimna. Cream—

elle Led. Dam. Elizabeth Seals Lyons. If you want

mmething good, write. Goo. D. Clarke. Vassar. Mich.





FOR SALE Reg. Holstein heifers. 8 months old.

Large. linely marked and thrifty. Price $100.

crated at depot. 0. L. HULETT & SON. Okemos.Mlch.





ll Grade Holstein Heifers





Free or soon to freshen. Also grade ilolstein Bull

Prices reasonable. ’l‘lllil JENNlNGS FARMS.

V.hl.SHOI~)Si\ll’l’H. General Manager. Bailey. Mich





‘ " by :1 24 ll. bull in calf



2 EOiSlelll Hellers to 30 lb. Jun. Bull calf

25.92 lb. dam. 30.21 lb. sire. Terms if wanted.



. M. L. McLAULlN. Redford. Michigan.





’ ' Friosian Heifers. 3 ti 6

Registered Holstein mos. old. Some from 30th).

sires. Priced to sell. Fred J. Lungc. Schewaing, Mich.



' ‘ ' ' Conn and Heifers, some



“98- Holstein Fnesun A» n. 0. $125. Heifers



nine months old $100; Bulls Sill up. with papers.

FRANK STAFPEN. n. 3. Howard City. Mich,



ULL GAL? for sale Pontiac Korndyke Breeding.





Dam givesliolhs. milk per day nt2 years. Farmers

Prices. JOHN A. lllNKlsl. Warren. Mich.





Wall llolslein Bulls.’§$‘3.i§§§§7i.‘3°§ifilfif’¥

. B





cod to sell. B . REAVY. Akron. Mich.





 





 





Holstein Bull calf in our stables. rice. from 850 up.

Ypsilanti Farms. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





HEREFORDS





10 Bull Calves from i to 1%





months old.





ALLEN 3198., PAW PAW. MlCll.





 





V ' Jerseys and Duroc Jerseys

The most important thing in buying a Jersey bull is to get one backed up by generations of high





Brookwuter offers to sell a few choice bull calves of ti: is kind.





- The are selling—get your: soon. Also Duroc Jotee

portion are and price on upplieution. Better yet. visit t





H- W-osgszom BROOKWATER FARM

Ann Arbor. Mich. R. 7. .





The Wildwood Farm

Breeds:- of Line bred Mzijest strain

Ber-don R. of M. test.'l‘nbercu in t



Isle. Type A Production is our motto. Alvin Buldeu. Cup-c.lich.





Fall Bonn ready for spring service.





0. F. FOSTER.





 





 





 





B. of If. Jersey herd od’ers for sole

tuberculin tested cows. bulls. bull

calves and heifer delves. carrying theboet B. of .

“OX. Allegun. Itch.





Sex lor Sale

llohlltl.





blood of the breed.





Shorthm Me cl both





W. W. "APP. Moll.





.Bllwell Stadium:





“for Beef and Kilt”





This heifer atd month- hu bone.

size and quellty~0urowu brooding.

.The blood of Scotch bull

' Shenstone Albino and Imp.



B red stock nlwayl for sale.





Illl'Ell “00K FARM.





Tecumseh. Michigan.





RICHLAND SHORTHORNS





Sires in service. Village Archer and Albion Crest .lst.

d Junior Champion at the Mich.

Weofler unumher of young bulls and

females for sale. Also someAbcrdeen-Angns bulls of

a reasonable prices. Write your wants.

Towns Clty.M ch.0. H. Prescott & Hons. Prescott. ll 1 ch.





 





prize 2 year old un





 





Francisco Farm Shorthorns





Big Type Poland Chinas





“They're rugged—They pay the rent."

Nothing furs-ale at proscn





 





 





on Sale—Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maanlton

Monarch 2nd. neon of Avondulo. from 1 to 9 mos.

old. John Schmidt. Reed City, R. No. 5.





Shorlborns For Sale





heifers. W. B. McQuillun. Howell, Michigan.





Simihorns Fur Sale.





Write W. J. BELL. BOSE CITY. MICE GAN.





SHORTHORNS $3.33“





forsale. J. E. Tanowell. Mason. Michigan.





Young bulls ready for

sex-Vice. also cows and





Young bulls 8100. Brad cows.

and heifers $150 for





dge Herd. Esteb-





—Dairy or beef bred. Brecdinny stock all





ages for sale at farmers prices. C,W.(‘.rum.

Secy. Cunt. lichu Shorthorn Breeders” Assn, licBrid-i, [.ch.





Shorthorns

Shorhorn Bull

Shorthmns For Sale ,‘m,





Price very resonnble. A. L.Wilson. Scottville.





3 Red Bull (Valves. ll months old.

ears old. for sale.





 





Duke of Oak Crest 16 mos.

old. heavy milkancestry till).





 





few re 'atered Short-





 





 





 





o‘- tur Easy Payment Flag f:;"“l.§éi‘.‘.’.i2§





 





Bureau and Victorias





. lengthy Spring Boers and Gil s from prize

-d by one of the best Sons of t 0 Great Dc-

fender & other noted strains. I. T. STURY. Lowvll. Mich.





Boar-s. serviceable age, best blood





 





weeks old. registered and

runsferod. $1.3 ouch.





Berkshire Figs 2





RIVERVIEW FARM,

HESTER “'HITES:—Gilts bred for July and Aug.





 





Wanted Herefords {managing hf}.

fem. open. dark color. give 8308 and description in

first letter. E. I. Ll. Hudson. Mich.





 





Inmi-oflciul test. 0. B. W nor. It. 6. Allogun. Mich





J furrow. March igs remix

. “I A Ell. Vassar. Michigan.





bred “gilts hrusalo

Hastings. Mich.





Duroc Jerseys





any ll. Edmonds.





40 numc Sons and Ellis





fro m . rod i

hmylliitlll Slit mil “info. .‘z‘éo‘fiiifiiwfi





 





Dairymen !

--The Trut





You my be preim‘eal against

the Jersey because you don't

know her. Lookber up. She's

the Money Com

Get This Book—u history' oi

the breed 3-31le of may inta—

“ emu tests ch. m

This conclz‘uively the} immiz type, econ-

omy pr elm. ' mil

300* n. m: namely to feeflo and grads:

no can ed—s

ebovethelauli. 6115 book SXQn' 3.1%

n . d . '

mama mifim" m w





The AmeriennJeneyCuttle Club

846 West 23nd Street, New York City





 





 

 





 





Dropped Nov. 3rd 1916. The sire and dam are

both from R. M. cows. This calf is an extra good

individual. and will be sold cheep. Address:

Newman's Stock Form. B. l, Mariette. Mich.





 

 





best young Du roc Boers in Mich.

hri description. breeding and price.

Newton Bumhart. St. Johns. Mich.





r: and Sept. Gills





st Lansing. Mich.





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





lam lamp. in





Durocs For Sale





heavy boned fellows. Spri

kemos. (lngham 00..) Mich.





 





Sows and gilts bred to Eureka Cherry Kl

and Crimson Critic son of Critic Model 191

champion Iowa Fair.





UROC Jersey fall Bouts. ready for spring service

also (like bred for Aug. and Sept.‘furrow..

gs pairs not ukin. All stock shipped on approve .



R. Monroe. Michigan





   

   

 





INEHUBS’I‘ DUROOS. Choice fall boars. One

Ire-at yearling boar. Choice Yellow Dent Seed Con:

0110 L Dob: Quincy. Mlthnan.





Sows bred for Aug. nnd Sept. furrow





_ nlsoyprlug pigs either sex. Write for

description and prices. E. D. Brydeuberk. Wuylnnd. Mich.





Duroc Sprin





J. R. HICKS. St. Johns. Mi





 





   

 

 

 





 





 





1 ’ ‘ f ,

/, MI. I. I: l thslulllilu % In

1 Get. and Nov. boars sired by our undefeated Grand»

ampion School Master. The hour that has-size and

uallty combined. All sold any age. Write and get our

anteloguelts free and describes our champions. We do

not say our hogs are the best but we win the champ.

ions to prove it. We have 100 sowsbred to our cham-

5i£n boars for Mar. and Apr. furrow. BY '1'

ANDELL & SON. (Jess City. Mich.





 





 





F ClDlCB BRED curs 333' '

::, 3 Prince m. sired by Wl‘ldw

O. I. c 3 Prince 11101b.3yr. Grand Chain ion

at Iowa sold for 5750. Ship 0. . D.

—J.Ca.rl Jewett. Meson. Mich,





 





 





O I. 0. Boers and Gi'lts all sold} am booking orders

.ofOl' Morph and April pigs either sex. single. or in

parts not, akin. A. J. BARKER. Belmont. Mich.R.R.





O I C Thorough bred O. I. 0. Swine nil

o o 9 so d out except fall pigs.

0. D. Somorvill, Grass Lake. Mich. R. D, 4.





o I C’s All sold. Booking Orders for tho

0 ' ' best of our winter and spring pigs.

0. J. THOMPSONV - - Rockford. Michiguu





0 I C’s Buv the best and breed them better.

' ' ' Full Gills and Hours. CLOVER

LEAF STOCK FARM. B. 1. Monroe. Mich.





bred sows and gills all sold. A few lo

0- l' C' bodied heavy boned fall hours to 03::

(i. P. ANDRE“ S. Dansville. Michigan





0. l. c. s W'NE. ”Lithium?"

H. w. MANN. Dansville. 1:115:33:





“War is "





So is starvation. every one should do their bit. You

con misc more pork on less foe-d il’ you breed Butler's

blgt) pe Poland (lhinus. Vie have some dandy fall pigs.

at $20 each forquick sale. J. C. BUTLER. Port-

land. Mlchlgnn. Bell Phone





Gil

Lar e l'yge P. . “3.33;:

and April arrow all so . A few good ones to bebrel

for June furrow. Also some good full lgs either sex.

w. E. LIVINGSTON. minim. MIOH.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





L SEC. yearly Gilts for August furrow. A few long

. bodied heavy boned hours ready forservice, Znice

fall boar-4 by Smooth Jumbo. ll. 0.Hwnrtz.Schoolcmlt.Micb





 





LARGE type P. Q. Some vcrv choice summer ilts

brod to furrow in August. Will sell 1 of my year ing

herd boom. W'. J. llxigelshaw. Augusta. Mich.





 





‘ Poland China. fullnnd s rin l a.

Large Stile zit larnmm prices. B. Rpfloc $38ng

$1.50 per 1.3. Robert New, Pierson. Mich.





 





POLAND Chinas bred gilte all sold. still huve some

choice fall pigs of large and medium type. Mfum-

en prices. 1’. D. LONG. R. 8. Grand Rapids. Mich.





' Sept. furrow. either sex sir-



Blg In. Poland china: ed by Jumbo Wood. 806 lb.



hog. A. A. WOOD & SON. Sullne. llchlm.



Nothi nu for sale but full boarsuud

llts. Write for-Snood



. No. 9. ecatur. Ind





 





Hampshire Swine.



FLOYD Nl YERS.

' ‘ f H b . k



BI: lino Poland China :3. 3:348“: assess:



guaranteed. G. W. Holton. . lL alamazoo. Mich.





 





' Big boned spring pi . not 1'3-

390““ Pound china: listed. Bred sows andggilts for

Aug. furrow. L. O. OLAPP. R. R.1 Adrian. Mich.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE g;.::gg.m





lines of many of the most noted champions of the

breed My herd boar, Ulnytons Lad, 13233 is abrother of

Look Out Lad, \\ ho wasgrand Champion at the Nation.

al Swine Show. I um booking orders for spring plan.”

be shipped about May Lat. Write‘me for prices.



George E. Starr. . - - Grass Luke. Illoh.





 





HORSES





Percheron Stallions

25 Must Be Sold





Also 2 Imported

Clydesdale Stal-

lions. Spring Sale

Prices are now on





Palmer Bros,





l’. 0. Belding, lonla (20., Beldingdilch.

REGISTERED PERC HERON





Mares and Stallions priced to sell. Inspection in ltod'

L. C. HUNT. EATON RAPIDS. ”VIC“.





SHETLAND P O N 1 ES.





Herd established 1891. 200 Head

to select from. Write Dept. E

for catalog.

The Shadyside Farms, North Benton.0





 





 





 





 





 





Puchorons. llulslems. lugs, Strontium, Barons

DORR D. BUELL. lm In. lcblgun.





 





Registered Percherosn gmggggggg

Ishtllion cumin 1 your. Mares and Fillie' P 'ced

“311' Wm. J. lfiake. DuttonLLiich. Si r1 to

OR Sole Chestnut Hamiltonian Stall' . broke

Fdrive. S. U. “'hite Leghorn eggs. 15 efiglilfll, mo :2

34.30, J une $4M). (Shaw-i Stock Farm, Kl. Mnrlcttc. Mich





ERCHERON Stallions. one coming five. one oom-





lng two, one coming one. Dumc sows.

E. J. Aldrich. R. l. Tekonshn. Mich. Boll Phone





SHEEP





———





 





 





for sale. ready for service. 0 t of

Jerse! Bulls good producing dams. Prices rilqht.

B. B. “TIER. Hartford. Mich.





 





JERSEYS FOR SALE 3.2%“?‘3‘:





service from R. of M. newton. Iondowlun Farm.

Water-mun qutemon. Packard Rood.Ann Arbor. lieu.





FOR SALE Yearling Jersey bull from 1.6%

' ter of merit stock. HILLSDA



FARM J ERS El 8. Great producers.



0. & 0. DEAKE. ~ - - Ypsilanti. Michigan





llaplc Kill Farm In mi hm) Gallic -

Stoc





k under 2 years sold.

J. I. Worthluton. ll. 0. 1. ug. monge-





LIN. Farmland Jena Cattle. lull onlvoe from I

p.51“ I. Cows. also holler solve...“ mot-l





 





; m 3

NOT FA“. Gnu III", Mich.





J





A Raise Chester Whites ?





 





 





 





 





brad ,

on for solo. Colon 0. Lillie. Geoponvillo. Itch '

1.0!. In” none last full slits bred for Sept. furs

ring pigs either sex.





Joint Sheep Sale





Of registered Shropshire, Hampshire,

Rambouillet and Lincoln sheep, also a

few high class unregistered ewes at





Public Auction





at State Fair Grounds, Columbus, Ohio

_ A GUST 7—3 1917



This sale is held under the auspices of

the Effistry associations of the breeds

nam . A bona-fide sale to the highest

bidder of the best the world has to offer.

F0." information or en blocks. write

Jomt Sheep Sale. 36 oodlund Ave.,

Detroit, Mich. ' -





 





 





 





" —0n n reedy’i‘ ' ;

like fun la Niel“... u.” m. Depol-

Ol'otou. - Rubvillulloh.





 





 





l





 





\
67.2.2013. f4: . -





 





BOYS’ AND GIRLS' HOME GARDEN

CLUBS.





_ (Continued from page 662).

visor a chance to emphasize little tech-

nical points that might otherwise be

overlooked. Here he Can point out the

advantage in canning the young beets

and carrots that arethinned out of the

row. Here he can actually show each

step in the whole program of gar-

dening. .



While the canning is'not a required

part of the program of all garden

clubs it has been used as a side line

by the majority of clubs in the past

and it can be safely said that thisyear

canning as a sideline for garden club

members will be more popular than

ever before. Instructions for canning

of vegetables by the cold-pack canning

method, complete recipes, suggestions

for utilizing the waste and surplus of

the garden are given to clubs. Can-

ning demonstrations are given and

here again the families and neighbor-

hoods are reached for mothers and

friends that have heretofore been able

to can vegetables only with the aid of

“canning compounds” are taught the

simple, safe and sane method of “cold-

pack” canning. By utilizing this meth-

od of canning it is possible to prevent

the vast waste that has been going on

year after year in the majority of

gardens.



A very definite and essential part of

the work of the garden club members

is the report that all garden club mem-

bers are required to keep. This is a

simple but complete record of all the

operations that go into making the gar-

den, the time used, the expense for la-

bor, seeds and incidentals, as well as

the income for fresh or canned vegeta-

bles. This report shows the boy the

business possibilities of such a project

and at the end of the season serves a

partial basis for determining who did

the best piece of work in the garden

club.



Each club also holds a local fair at

which time the members make an ex-

hibit of fresh and canned vegetables,

together with their reports. On the

basis of the inspections made by the

supervisor, the quantity and quality of

the vegetables, fresh and canned, to-

gether with the profit, as shown by the

report, the work of the members are

graded and the winners are decided.



It is impossible to approximate the

results that will come from this move-

ment this year. Some estimate can be

made, however, for the extent of this

movement when it is learned that in

the upper peninsula of the state, in the

mining regions, many mining compa-

nies are taking their men from the

mines and actually clearing up for the

purpose of gardening and potato rais-

ing, tracts of land varying in size from

five to forty acres. These will be “brok-

en,” fitted and turned over to the mem-

bers of the school home garden and

potato clubs.



If the results of one city in Michi-

gan last year can be taken as a reli-

able guide, the garden and canning

clubs of the state of Michigan will

play no small part in the solving of the

present vexatious food shortage prob-

lem.



Two hundred and sixty-six boys and

girls actually did all the work required

on their home gardens and made com-

plete reports of their work. These re-

ports showed the 266 children had pro-

duced a total of $1,653.38 of food pro-

ducts; $1,152.09 worth of these pro-

ducts went directly into the homes of

these boys and girls and this material-

ly helped out on the family budget.

‘ .These gardens were for the most part

’ ‘ small back yard plots, but $269.67

worth of vegetables were sold and

$231.62 canned for winter use. If dur-

ing normal times and with an ordinary

effort such results can be obtained, it

is safe to predict that the garden and

canning clubs will play a substantial

«.- part, both in the educational and eco-

fncmic program ~of'the state for 1917.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The Tractor that W111 pay best on your farm is the one

that you can put to work any day on any job just as you would a team.

Heavy PLOWING tractors are all right for big land owners, but for an

average farm you need a tractor that will do all kinds of farm work at

lowest cost. You don’t want a Tractor so heavy that its clumsiness and

cost of fuel make its use impractical on most jobs. You want a Tractor

that will not only plow from 4 to 12 acres a day, one that will barrow,

disc and sow from 16 to 20 acres a day, but also one that will CULTI-

VATE, mow, harvest, cut corn, haul, do belt work—in short, a Tractor

that will do ALL YOUR FARM WORK WITHOUT HORSES.





 





. R

IS the ideal Tractor for the average size farm, for these three reasons:

1st. It hitches to the implement, so.you can ride the tool and watch

the work closely just as you would if you were driving a team. ,

2nd. It handles easily, quickly, turns short and backs with tool attached.

3rd. It is light in weight, only 2800 lbs, making its operating cost in-

expensive and preventing packing soil. ‘

Being a’ strictly two-wheel tractor ALL ITS WEIGHT IS TRACTION WEIGHT. "

There is' no dead weight to haul. Its pulling power is as much as Tractors weigh?





ing.1,500 to 2.000 lbs more. Both the wheels are drive wheels. The implement to "' ,

which you bitch It forms the rear wheels. YOU RIDE the TOOL-NOT the TRACTOR. -





Don’t choose anyTractor until. you see the MOLINE-UNIVERSAL work and see *

~ how well it IS adapted for all 'round use on ypur farm. Write



for Catalog Folder and read how it will solve your



,. power and hired help problems. - ,





  momma PLow COMPANY





Dept. 42





 





   

   

 

 

 

 

   





Molina

' Universal

Tractor

attached to a

Moline

Two-Row

Cultivator





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





The ‘ I

Moline Line





includes





Corn Planters, Cotton

Planters, CultiVators,

Corn Binders. Grain

Binders, Grain Drills,

Harrows,HayLoadeI-s,

Hay Rakes, Lime

Spreaders, Mowers.

Manure Spreaders,

Flows (Chilled and

Steel).Reapers,Scales.

Seeders. Stalk Cutters.

Farm TrucksVehicles,

Wagons, also Stephens

Six Automobiles.





 





 





 





 





 





Full weight, highest quality; Fireproof, weatherproof, dur-

formed in standard patterns. ,, able—and reasonable in cost.





APOLLO-KEYSTONE cap “or steel Galvanlzed Shoots





give unexcelled service and satisfaction. These sheets insure greatest resistance to rust and corrosion. and

are absolutely une ualed for Roofing. Siding Culverts, Tanks, Flumes. Git-items. and all forms oi“ exposed

sheet metal work. 51001: for the Keystone added below regular Apollo trademark—it indicates that 00 per

Steel is used. Sold by weight by leadin dealers. Accept no substitute. Every farmer first! owner of bnil lugs

should have our “Better Buildings" boo let. containing valuable roofing information. nt tree upon request.





AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY. General Offices: Frlck Building. l’lttshul‘lh. Pa.





Bee Keepers supplies





Bee Hives, Sections. Comb

Foundation. Smokers. etc. Every-

thing for the bees including Be-



nners Outfits. Send for catalog.



per und cash for average been-

wox delivered here. General nts

for Root’o bee supplleein Mic gan.





BERRY SUPPLIE





Send for prices on berry baskets

and 16 qt, crates. pooh! 200 A

eds berry baskets postpnid to

1.35 or 200 B grade for 01.25

within 150 miles of Lansing. No

waxlincd paper baskets this

season.





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





f FREE M B'i‘g'CiciIar h





Engine Power





 





   

 

   

 

 





eontol 8 h. p'. portal-lo It!

:- ybiiurgigifi‘3'"

' no your Ford on. Gmu' bod.





   

   

 

 





Y" ’f‘auro

on 7

1r





 

   

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





.r-





i

/—\_ .,.

“I /





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





   





 

 

 





 

 

 

 





.' or write to:



adv. sun-u oo.



\ P was;

m ‘-





   





 





 





M.H,H_t_mt & Son. Boxjmfinzgmid»





SELF-OILING WINDMILL

With INCLOSED MOTOR

Keeping OUT DUSTIen- RAIN - Keeping IN OIL





3;





   

   

 





 





 

 





The tightest Breeze





OIL SUPPLY .



REPLENISHED . And Preventslflear

ONLY ONCE A YEAR ,

DOUBLE GEARS -‘ och Carrying Half the Load



.Evory future desirable in a windmill in tho

Aura-omen AERMOTOR ‘

Gasoline Engines - Pumps —Tanks

Water Supply Goods --Steel Frame Saws





WnnzAERMOTOR cc. 2500 :2... 5t. Cmuoo





 





WAGONS





' High or low wheels-—



- > steel «wood—wide



vividlmihtiiii

. o



., kinds. fleeing to n:



we. summarises:



0.. 35!!- ll..QIIlney,lI.





BEES RAY WELL





Fm catalo and Poultry Feed rioe list I: n no

quest. 8. . Grins a 00. Dept. 0. 2'1. Tole 0. We





 





 

 

 





 





 





J





when Writing to Adverts-aft. m f





.._.* 4“ AA