I ‘txiiemes to which atten-

. @109 has been called.





VOL. crux. No. 7 ’

Whole Number 3954





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live~Stock Journal in the State.-





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUGUST 18, 1917





/ '7/77’7/





81.00 A Y EA R

$3.00 FOR 5 YEARS





Wheat Experiments of Two Decades





' FEW days ago the Ohio station

A harvested a series of plots of

wheat which have yielded on the

average-only 5.8 bushels per acre for

the past ten years. A few rods away

we harvested another tract which has

averaged 34.1 bushels per acre for the

same ten-year period. In these two

tracts we have the extremes in wheat

culture, as long-time averages, at the

Ohio station; 5.8 vs. 34.1 bushels per

acre. Both tracts are of the same soil

type and were originally of the same

production; seed and seed treatment

has been the same;'both tracts are

thoroughly tile drained, climatic con-

ditions, of course, identical. To what

is this difference between the beggarly

yield of 5.8 bushels per acre and the

substantial yield of thirty-four bushels

per acre due? This is my theme for

the half hour at my disposal.

Crop Rotation.



First, let me call your attention to

the bearing which crop rotation has

upon wheat production. The low yield

just mentioned was obtained in con-

tinuous culture; wheat following wheat

for twenty consecutive years. If we

compare unfertilized wheat in continu-

ous culture with unfertilized wheat as

grown in a five-year retation of corn,

oats, wheat, clover and timothy, we

find that the latter (rotation Wheat)

exceeds the former" by forty-two per

cent. Or, if we compare continuous

wheat with wheat in the three-year

rotation of corn, wheat and clover, the

rotation wheat leads by fifty per cent.

Where both have been manured well—-

the continuous wheat manured much

heavier, however, the rotation wheat

leads by over twenty-five per cent.

These figures are the average of twen-

ty consecutive years.



Last season the Ohio Station har-

vested its first wheat crop in some

fifty different rotations in which wheat

follows ’a number of different crops,

but always receives the same treat-

ment in each rotation. In ten rota-

tions wheat follows corn, and the av-

erage yield of wheat was 28.2 bushels

per aere. In three rotations wheat

followed oats and the average yield

was 37.2 bushels. In five rotations

wheat followed pota-





Address Delivered‘at the Wheat Con ress, Held at the Michigan Agricultural





College on August 1, by Prof.





. G. Williams, Agronomist of the





Ohio Experiment Station.





without saying that wheat is one of

the most profitable crops on which to

use commercial fertilizer. The ques-

tion then is, what kind of fertilizers

should one use? The choice this fall

will evidently lie between acid phos-

phate and acid phosphate plus nitro-

gen.



The Ohio station has long time tests

at four widely distributed points.in

Ohio and on different soil types, in

which wheat is being fertilized with

acid phosphate, and also with acid phos-

phate and nitrogen. There has been

an average gain of 6.2 bushels of wheat

per acre from the use of acid phos-

phate, or 4.4 bushels for each 100





pay for itself. With wheat at $2 per

bushel there would be a small margin

of profit in the use of nitrogen in the

form of nitrate of soda at $90 per ton,

under the conditions of this test. The





question arises, will the average farm-.





er get as good a net return from the

use of nitrogen? It is exceedingly

doubtful, for two reasons. First, he

pays more for nitrogen in the custom-

ary 2—12 mixture which he buys, and

second, he does not use it on land in

as great need of nitrogen as that in

the above tests; for this land has had

nothing but acid phosphate for a pe-

riod of twenty-three years—no manure

——no leguminous catch crops; the con-





 





   





 





 





. Two Hundred Pounds of Acid Phosphate on Heavy Soil.





Unfertilized





Strip in Center.





pounds of acid phosphate when the

latter has been used alone. At twen:

ty-three cents per bushel for wheat

the increase from the acid phosphate

will more than pay for the fourteen

per cent acid phosphate at $20 per ton.



The addition of nitrogen in the form

of nitrate of soda (the most effective

carrier of nitrogen, by the way), to

acid phosphate at the same four points

in the state has increased the yield of

,wheat 3.16 bushels per acre, or 2.63

bushels for each 100 pounds of nitrate

of soda.



Nitrate of soda is today costing

about $90 per ton. At $1.71 per bushel

the increase from nitrate of soda would





ditions of the test Would not allow this,

and was consequently very hungry for

nitrogen.



Nor are the results of: the Ohio test

exceptional. In a test at the Pennsyl-

vania station extending over a period

of thirty-five years, the addition of

nitrogen to phosphorous has increased

the yield of wheat but 3.8 bushels per





.acre, and wheat would have to bring





$1.89 per bushel to pay for the nitro-

gen used. ’



The point of all these facts is this:

Nitrogen increases wheat yields very

materially, but at the present price of

commercial nitrogen the margin of





profit in its use is small even with





wheat at $2.00 per bushel. The pru-

dent thing would seem to be to depend

upon manure, clover and other le-

gumes for nitrogen this fall and win-

ter, applying no commercial fertilizer

this fall except sixteen per cent acid

phosphate, at the rate of 200 to 300

pounds per acre. Then in case the

wheat shows the need of nitrogen in

the spring, 1. e., is unusually small and

thin, apply a moderate amount of ni-

trate of soda in April or May, if the

price of wheat and of nitrate of soda

justifies such application.



But, it may be asked, is not the con-

tinued use of acid phosphate likely to

ruin the land? The Ohio station has

five plots in its oldest fertility work

which have received nothing but acid

phosphate for upward of twenty years.

If the yield of wheat for the first ten

years be compared with the yield for

the second ten years it will be found

that average for the second ten years

is thirty-nine per cent greater than for

the first ten, and if all the crops of the

rotation be compared it will be found

that the net value of the increase from

the use of acid phosphate is seventy-

four per cent greater for the second

period than for the first. It is appar-

ently not the use of acid phosphate

.that is ruining Ohio land, but the fail-

ure to use it. There are localities

where it is reported acid phosphate

cannot: be had save on condition that

an equal tonnage of something like a

1-8-1 be purchased. Under such con-

ditions I should be disposed to use a

raw rock phosphate. When mixed

with manure it has not been far be-

hind acid phosphate in our Ohio tests

——about four bushels less corn and 1.68

bushels less wheat per acre. If used

apart from manure it will be well to

apply considerably larger amounts—-

probably 600 to 1000 pounds per acre.



Stable Manure.



The use of stable manure should be

emphasized as the third factor in mak-

ing up the difference in yield between

the 5.8 Vs. thirty-four bushels per acre.

Eight tons of manure per acre applied

as a topldressing to wheat at Wooster

has increased the yield of wheat over

the unfertilized plots by 11.8 bushels

per acre, or 110 per

cent, as a twenty-year





 





toes, and the average

yield was 38.2 bushels,

while in six rotations

wheat followed soy

"beans and the average

yield of wheat was

38.5 bushels per acre.



Rotation, then, does

have some bearing up-

on wheat yields, and

is worthy of our con-

sideration.



Use of Fertilizers.



A second factor in

making up the differ-

ence in yield in the ex-





 

 





:is the use' of fertiliz- ,

er .» . It probably goes _





 

 

 





 





Good Culture and Liberal Fertilization will Help in Carnpaign for 40,000,000 Bushels of Wheat in 1918.





average. And if the

second ten-year period

be compared with the

first, the same cumu-

lative effect is found

in the use of manure,

the gain for the sec-

ond period being 104

per cent, all the crops

of the rotation being

considered.

Lime.



Aother factor which

has had much to do in

making up the differ-

ence in yield between

the extremes mention-

ed is lime. The re-

(Continued on p. 11.1).





 





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DETROIT, AUGUST 18, 1917





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





After weeks of discus-





sion of its various

phases by Congress,

the Food Bill was fin-

ally enacted into law and received the

President’s signature last week. Dif-

ferences of opinon were so well set-

tled that in the Senate where the prin‘

cipal fight on the bill was staged, the

final vote was sixty-six to seven. Im~

mediately after the passage of the food

control bill the first administration

food bill providing for a. food survey

was also passed and both were ap-

proved by the President.



These bills confer very broad pow-

ers upon the President, which may be

briefly summarized" as follows: They

give the President control over foods,

feeds, fuel, (including fuel oil and nat-

ural gas), fertilizer ingredients,‘ farm

machinery and tools, and direct him

to expend $10,000,000 for nitrates

which are to be sold to farmers at

cost. They direct the President, when

emergency exists, to fix a minimum

price on wheat, a price of $2.00 per

bushel for No. 1 northern wheat being

fixed for the 1918 crop, and allow him

to advance the duty on foreign wheat

to bring it up to this price standard.

Authority is given the President to

buy, store and sell wheat, flour, meat,

beans and potatoes in order to stabil-

ize the markets of these staple neces-

sities. The laws provide for the pun-

ishment of hoarding and destruction of

food stuffs and of speculation, and al-

low the President to close grain ex-

changes, boards of trade, etc., to pre-

vent speculation. Authority is given

the President to requisition supplies

for the army and navy, and he is em-

powered to license business and plants

and to revoke these licenses, farmers

and stock raisers being exempted in

this provision.



The use of foods, fruits, food mate-

rials or' feeds in the manufacture of

distilled spirits is forbidden, and the

President is authorized to limit the al-

coholic content of malt or vinous

liquors. The President is authorzed

to commandeer existing stocks of dis-

tilled liquors for war uses at prices to

be fixed by the courts

’ p The bills also authorize and empower



' the President through the federal





National Food

Control.





 





crate coal mines, to fix prices on coal





and coke, also permit him to take eyer‘





factories, packing houses, _ pipe lines,

mines or other'plants and operate

them. The powers granted by this bill

will cease at the expiration of the war.



Following the enactment of the law,

Mr. Hoover was at once appointed as

food administrator, and has announc-

ed that the first move ofmthe food ad-

ministration will be to bring about

changes in the distribution cf wheat

and in the manufacture and sale of

flour and bread.

the production of meats and 'dairy

foods. In his initial statement outlin-

ing the administration's food policy he

briefly outlined his view of the scope

of food control werk as follows:





“The hopes of the food administra-

tion are three- fold: First, so to guide

the trade in the fundamental food

commodities as to eliminate vicious

speculation, extortion and wasteful

practices and to stabilize prices in the

essential staples; second, to guard

our exports so that, against the world’s

shortage, we retain sufficient supplies

for our own people and to co-operate

with the allies to prevent inflation of

prices, and, third, that we stimulate in

every manner within our power the

saving of our food in order that we

may increase exports to our allies to a

point which will enable them properly

to provision their armies and to feed

their peoples during the coming winter.

. “The food administration is called

mto being to stabilize, and not to dis-

turb conditions, and to defend honest

enterprise against illegitimate compe-

t1tion. It has been devised to correct

the abnormalities and abuses that

have crept into trade.”





The powers granted under this bill

are the broadest ever delegated to the

administrative branch of our govern-

ment. From the experience of foreign

countries engaged in the war, the nec-

essity of the delegation of such author-

ity has become apparent. It is to be

assumed that, properly administered,

this food control work will be a. benefit

to both producers and consumers. Dur-

ing the period of warvemergency the

elimination of speculation in food

stuffs is of vital importance to both

classes. The task of administration

should be lightened so far as possible

by the -co-operation of both producers

and consumers along lines suggested

by the food administrator.





The Federal Farm Loan

Federal Farm Board appointed under

Loans. the Rural Credits Act

has just completed its

first year of service. Within this last

year the task of organization has been

accomplished, the twelve federal land

banks have been established, and their

offices and the necessary land bank

appraisers selected and the machinery

for the actual making of loans has

been in operation about two and a half

months. During this period more than

800 farm loan associations have been

chartered, representing total loans ap-

proximating $40,000,000. About twen-

ty-five farm loan associations are be-

ing chartered daily, each association

representing about $50,000 of loans.

The average number of farmers of

each association is eighteen, and the

loans to date have averaged $2,300 in

size. It is estimated that the addi-

tional farm loan associations now be-

ing organized throughout the country

will run the total of loans applied for

this year far beyond the $100,000,000

mark.



As has been explained in previous

comments, all mortgages are made on

the amortization plan with annual pay»

ments running generally for a period

of thirty-six years. The annual pay-

ments made under this plan are equal

to six per cent interest on the amount

borrowed. This is sufficient to wipe

out both interest at five per cent and

the principal at the end of the thirty-

six years. The borrower, however,

has the right to pay all or any part of

his mortgage after same has run for

five years.



It was estimated from the testimony

compiled when the Federal Farm Loan





Act was pending in Congress, that the;





It will then take up-





7.4 per cent._ It has been estimat

that if all these mertg‘ages were trans-

ferred to the federal farm loan system





on the above plan, it would result in.





an annual saving in interest Charges to

the farmers of the country of- nearly

$100,000,000.



So far, Michigan farmerslhave not

availed themselves of this form of

loans in any considerable number. For

the purpose of land purchase, the de-

velopment of new lands, refunding of

existing indebtedness, purchasing of

live 'stock or equipment, this type of

farm loan possesses advantages which

Michigan farmers should carefully

consider, particularly in communities

where there is a shortage of available

capital and a relatively high prevailing

interest rate. .



Notwithstahding the

Crap Conditions late and unfavorable

and Prospects. spring, crops are



above the average

for the country, according to the gen-

eral review of crop conditions for Au-

gust just made public by the United

States Department of Agriculture. In

this report the combined condition of

all crops in Michigan—100 being taken

as the average—was,~ on August 1,

100.3, a gain of three per cent during

July. The combined condition of all

crops in the United States on the same

date was 99.8, a gain of 1.9 per cent

during July. Prospects for the total

crop production in the country are

most satisfactory. The August 1 esti-

mates show that as compared with

last year the total product of corn

promises to be 123.5 per cent, wheat

102 per cent, oats 116.3 per cent, bar-

ley 112.2 per cent, rye 118.1 per cent,

buckwheat 168.6 per cent, potatoes

163.9 per cent, sugar beets 125.5 per

cent.



This excess of production is largely

due to increased acreages of these sta-

ple crops, with which the farmers of

the cOuntry responded to the appeal

to their patriotism for larger produc-

tion in the present emergency. Un-

doubtedly a like response will be made

in the sowing of an increased acreage

of wheat this fall. With the compos-

ite condition of all crops only 0.2 per

cent below the ten-year average on

August 1 and 4.9 per cent higher than

the final estimates last year on a total

acreage of cultivated crops consider-

ably:exceeding that of last season, and

a‘ prospect of increased acreages of

winter grains, the farmers of America

will demonstrate in a practical way

their ability to give effective aid in

the supplying of staple food stuffs of

which there is a world shortage due to

the present war emergency.





Now that the thresh-

The Seed Grain ing season is on, ev-

Supply. ery farmer. should

keep track of the

grain yields in his community. Where

an especially good yield is secured and

investigation shows the seed to be

pure as well as of a good variety, a

good source of seed grain will be found

near at hand. While emphasis is now

being generally placed upon pedigreed

varieties of grain which have given

uniformly good results in the hands of

farmers, yet the supply of these pedi-

greed grains will not be sufficient to

seed any considerable portion of the

crop of fall grains which will be sown

in Michigan within a few weeks.

There are many excellent varieties

of grain which have been thoroughly

tried out, and which are giving high

yields upon the soils of practically ev-

ery. county in the state where good cul-

tural methods have been practiced. It

will be‘the part of wisdom for every





.farmer to keep himself informed upon





grain yields in his community. The

new threshers' license law \vhlch re-

quires threshers to keep an accurate

record of the crops thrashed will at-

ford accurate date upon per acre

yields Any thresher will be glad to





"United songs is neariyeummoooooo. 1;

and that the average interest rate is '





 





ei’s information upon grain yields in

the surrounding country can be greatly

enlarged. vThis is the season of the

year when such information should be

sought and the seed of prolific, high-

yielding varieties of grain be secured





-‘ for fall sowing.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.





The European Wan—Unfavorable

weather is hampering the aggressive

operations of the Allies in Flanders,

but in southern Moldavia the fighting

between the Russo-Roumanians and

the Teutons continues with increasing

ferocity. The Russians have retreated

to the villages of Marasechti and Fur-

tezni on the Sereth river, on account

of the strong pressure caused by Von

Mackensen’s troops. Berlin reports

the capture of 6,700 prisoners, beside

considerable equipment. The indica-

tions are that the Germans are prepar-

ing to retreat to their second line de-

fenses in the Flanders district. The

Allies have been carrying on heavy ar-

tillery work, and as soon as weather

permits, a drive is anticipated. Frank-

fort-on-the—Main, 160 miles within the

German lines, has been bombarded by

French aviators in reprisal for German

raids against Nancy and regions north

of Paris. About twenty German aero-

planes raided the southeast coast of

England Sunday evening. The result

of this raid is twenty-three persons

killed, mostly women and children, and

fifty injured. The Belgian government

has asked further credit from ,the Uni-

ted States for the purchase of mate-

rials for rebuilding railroads. They

are confident that the Allies’ drive will

break through the German lines. in

Belgium.



The Socialists of Alsace Lorraine, in

answer to the French Socialists who

proclaimed that the lost provinces

should be returned to France by a

vote of the people, state that the Alsa-

tians have given sufficient proof of

their feelings of their anxiety to be re-

stored to their mother country.



Uruguay has issued a call to Latin-

American countries to stand by the

United States in the present crisis.

The anti-German feeling is also run-

ning high'in Brazil, Argentine and

Peru.



On account of being menaced by

Von Mackensen’s troops in their sweep





across the Suchita river, King Ferdiv





nand of Roumania will move the seat

of government to the Russian city of

Rostov, at the mouth of the river Don.



The Russian food minister Pletche-

kanoi‘l’ says that the Russian crops

promise to be about normal. However,

the transportation situation is bad and

should an early winter close the wa-

terways, the food situation would be

serious.



National.



Herbert C. Hoover, the nation’s new

food chief, announced that he is ready

to seize this year’s wheat crop if nec-

essary to insure fair cost to consum-

ers and allies. The establishment of

purchasing agencies at principal ter-

minals, licensing of elevators and

mills, fixing of a fair price, regulation

of middlemen and grain exchanges,

and elimination of trading in futures

are chief features of the new plan.



A Dallas, Texas, restaurant makes

extra charge if there isany molasses

left on the customer’s plate after he

consumes his hot cakes. This and the

giving of pennies in change—~an unus-

ual thing in the southwest—are food

conservation rulings which this restau-

rant has put into effect.



Sympathizers of the car strikers in

Kansas City deported 600 strike break-

ers in an orderly fashion. Rioting has

ceased and amicable settlement is in

sight. After a strike of three weeks

the car men of Springfield, 111., have

returned to work, having received rec-

ognition of the union and higher

wages.



What has undoubtedly been the last

Indian camp meeting in northern Mich-

igan was held this week at Northport.

The attendance was very small and

consisted mostly of Ottawas and Ojib-

ways. Tuberculosis has so thinned the

ranks of the redmen that very likely

there will not be enough left for an-

other meeting.



Through government influence the

American seamen and their employers

have come to a full agreementon wag-

es and working conditions.



The Thirty-first Michigan infantry





entrained for the military training .





camp at Grayling last Sunday. .



Nineteen Portugeese fishermen of

Provincetown, Mass, were drOWne'd‘

when the dories in which they were

fishing were swamped by a sale which,

came up suddenly late Friday 110011..





 





 

   

 

 

 

 





 





Mahm-flhrph
as. J ,1.





«nan-v...“ ..—.,.._.





 





' with different crops.





 





_ arson





N- ,theissue of the Michigan "Farmer

of July 7, on the first and third

pages there was considerable space



given to articles on seed’selectlon. In



two articles there is a good deal of em-.

phasis placed on the use of. the fan-

ning mill, as an instrument with which

to select seeds.



There is a great difference of opin-

ion in regard to what is considered the





best methods to pursue in seed selec-





tion in order to secure the best results.

To me it seems very evident that

many people have a wrong conception

as to all that is and may be accom-

plished by depending entirely on the

tanning mill in selecting seed. The

fanning mill is but a machine and a

valuable one, too, when the object

sought is to blow chaff and dirt out of

the grain, and to screen out the small,

shrunken kernels, which are not desir-

able for seed. The fanning mill itself

has no intelligence to enable it to se-

lect seed with the object of the best

results in view; it may be a detriment

in some ways, as I believe I am able

to show. The statement has been re-





. peatedly made by seed grain breeders





and improvers, that farmers are con-

stantly causing their wheat and oats

to “run out,” as they call it, by relying

entirely on the fanning mill in select-

ing their seed grain.



The plumpest and largest kernels

are not always the best source through

which the best and most desirable re-

sults may be obtained as emphasized

by Mr. Carr. A rank growth of stalk

does not always insure a heavy yield

of grain; there may be a tendency to-

ward stalk and not grain production.

All observers have undoubtedly notic-

ed that from a single kernel of wheat

there is a stool from which has grown

three rank stalks on which there may

be three short heads. If the kernels

in each head are/counted it will be

found that each head contains thirty

kernels, all of which are large and

plump, making in all ninety kernels.

Near by may be found a stool which

has sent up six stalks on which there

are six long heads. On counting the

kernels 'in each head it is found that

there are sixty kernels in each head,

making in all 360 kernels. If the ker—

nels from each stool of wheat are

placed side by side, it may be discov-

ered that the kernels frOm the three

short heads are larger than those from

the six heads, and yet the, number in

the six heads is four times that in the

three heads.



The Kind of Seed to Save.



The question naturally arising is,

what does the fanning mill do in such

cases? The answer is, it saves the





‘ kernels from the short, low producing





heads, and lets the kernels from the

long, heavy producing heads go into

the number two wheat which is gener-





ally sent to the grist mill to be made ,





into flour. The other question is,

which line of breeding is it better to

follow, the large, plump kernels which

produce ninety kernels to the stool, or

the stools which have the characteris-

tic of productiveness within them and

produce four times as many kernels of

medium size? Most of us will say,

(‘Take the kind that stools out well,

sends up several stalks on which grow

long heads in which there are a large

number of kernels to the head. In

other words We will say, “Let us breed

from and maintain such a variety up

to the highest possible standard of ex-

cellence, that has within it the inher-

ent" characteristic of prolificacy .in

grain production, instead 'of the ten:

dency to stalk production. . . ,

: The differences in stalk and seed

production are often very pronounce

The big stalk

ofcorn with only; a short ear clinging

close toit, and the medium sized stalk

' h. a large ear hanging out. from it.

5 “n? stem with a





and ' Crop Ifilprovéxfiéfit-





B'y‘ N. A." CLAPP





few pods in which are a small number

of large beans, and the medium sized

stalk on which there are a large num-

ber of pods, in Which there are a large

number of beans, are examples. Sim-

ilar examples are numerous with'the

different kinds of grain, and the ob-

serving man has seen them. Some

pass such things and do not notice

them. They have eyes but see not.



Hand Select Seed for the Seed Breed-



ing Plot.



The question naturally arises as to.

what plan can be followed in order to

secure better results. I will suggest

that one can bring into use his percep-

tive faculties and by the use of a little

common sense and good judgment

practice hand selection of seed, and

follow the method of plant breeding as

carefully as he would a careful selec-

tion of his-breeding animals. If one

selects the best heads of grain from

the stools that have the largest num-

ber of stalks, he can begin to establish

a breed of grain that has already start-

ed tO improve on the characteristic of

productiveness. A careful selection of

heads until several bundles are accum-

ulated, which, if threshed and sown by

itself, will give one a start in the right

direction. Then by following the plan





   





 





st “Heads {rem the - best stools of

grain, sowing the selected grain in a

seed plot by itself, making rigid hand

selection from the same the next year

and sowing it by itself, using the yield

from the seed plot for seed —for the

general crop, and so on indefinitely,

that greater progress can be made in

not only maintaining the standard of

excellence of the variety, but improv-





 





 





tions.





plowing it just as soon after you cut

the hay /as you possibly can and taking

pains to work it down well, I dOn’t

think you will have trouble in getting

a good crop, providing the season is

favorable. ' COLON C. LILLIE.





ing the productiveness of the same, ,





than can be done by the fanning mill

method.



Mr. Jackman, a grain breeder of

Batavia, N. Y., who has studied the

methods; Of grain breed improvement

in person in Europe, told me that the

hand selection plan was universally

followed in those countries where

large yields of grain are secured. He





quoted cases of remarkable prolificacy,





which show the great possibilities in

that direction. One case mentioned

was a stool of cats that had sent up

fifteen stalks, all of which were well

laden with.heads——a case of an in-

crease of a thousand fold.



This matter of seed selection is one

of great importance and should receive

careful consideration. To practice it

in an intelligent manner, with the use

of good common sense good and pay-

ing results can be obtained. We have

been drifting with the common cus—

tom, and in many cases secured indif-

ferent results. Patriotic enthusiasm





 





 





 





A Good Patch of Early Rose Potatoes Grovim by E. -Alsbro, of Lenawee Co.



From this one-fourth acre patch the grower sold $80 worth of potatoes,

the first being marketed on July 4. This record, and the appearance of the

vines in the photograph, shows that this old standard variety is still de—





pendable when given a good chance.





 





of rigid selection of the best heads

from the descendants of the same, the

desirable characteristics can not only

be maintained, but greatly improved

along the lines tOward which you are

breeding; and the longer the plan is

followed the greater will be the an-

cestral influences and the closer the

adherence to the ideal toward which

the breeding has been followed.



The plan is not a new one. Grain

breeders have worked under that and

similar methods, bringing forward new

breeds or kinds and sold them to the

farmers for a good price, each of which

are neglected and run out and new

kinds are secured to take the place of

the Older ones.





What Well-bred Seed Has Done.



The value of well selected and well

bred' seed has been demonstrated in

Michigan in the remarkable yields of

cats during the last two years. The

summer of 1915 was a favorable one

for the cat crop. The ordinarily band-

led kinds yielded well, reaching sixty,

seventy. and seventy-five bushels per

acre which pleased the farmers, but

when the crops from the seed of the

pure-bred kinds approached and reach-

ed one hundred bushels per acre they

were astonished. The season of 1916

was not a favorable one for the cat

crop and the yield, per acre from seed,

of what is called the old varieties,

dropped to'thirty to forty bushels per

acre, while the yields from seed of

seme of the pure-bred varieties held

up to sixtyrfi've 'and seventy-five bush:

els per acre. , . _’ 7 .. "

.Itseems very evident that by the

hand selection method, selecting the





 





 





ought to stimulate and encourage a

desire to follow better methods.





 





TIMOTHY SOD FOR WHEAT.





 





I have four acres of new seeding of

timothy and clover, not very heavy

stand, in a ten-acre field, the remaind-

er of field is plowed for summer fal-

low, expecting to sow wheat. Would

it be a wise plan to plow the land

which has the hay removed from it,

so as to seed to wheat this fall? My

Object is to get the field together again,

that is, all to the same crops. Would

I get a good wheat crop from these

proceedings if conditions were favor-

able? I know this is not usually the

crop to follow a sod, but it is not a

heavy sod, thus I thought it might

work. It being quite an advantage to

put field all into one crop.



Lapeer Co. L. M. C.





The particular objection to sowing

wheat on timothy sod is that there is

rarely enough work devoted to the

preparation of this sod to make a good

seed bed for wheat. Ideal conditions

for wheat are two or three inches of

fine, mellow soil on top and the soil

below firmly packed. When timothy

sod is plowed there is always an air

space left between the plow furrow

and the subsoil. This breaks the capil-

lary connection so that it is impossible

to get moisture to come from the sub-

soil by capillary attraction. If, how-

ever, a great deal of labor is put into

tillage by way of harrowing and roll-

ing, this timothy sod can be. packed

and compressed so that the air spaces





'between the plow furrow and the sub

soil, are eliminated. When you .once





geta geod seed bed for Wheat there is

no particular objection in sowing wheat





‘on timothy sod. Splendid wheat has





. 4.





ROAD BUILDING IN MICHIGAN.





 





Ottawa county is trying out the mo-

tor truck patrol system for maintain-

ing roads and if it works well more

trucks will be placed in service.



Boyne City voted bonds for $21,000

to build a cement highway sixteen feet

wide and a bridge over Boyne river,

connecting the Charlevoix and Boyne

Falls road.



Manistee has let the contract to

James Kenney for grading the first

mile Of the Eastlake highway, which

will form a part of the scenic drive

around Manistee Lake. On the West

Michigan pike south Of Oak Hill the

stone road is being surfaced with as-

phalt. Road work in the county is be-

ing delayed by inability to get stone,

no vessels being available for trans-

lake shipments.



Marquette county is undertaking no

new road work this year but the Ish-

peming-Marquette road will be resur-

faced.



Saginaw county has adopted the pa-

trol system of road upkeep and twelve

districts have been laid out. Each

patrolman will cover six miles and will

go over his “beat” once or twice a

week, filling all holes. The state re-

ward paid for repairs under this sys-

tem is double the old style and equals

$40 a mile for stone roads and $20 for

macadam.



A bad stretch of nine miles of road

between Montague and New Era will

be improved this year by Muskegon

and Ottawa counties.



The Kent county commission has let

a contract for seven and a quarter

miles of concrete road in Byron and

Wyoming townships for $99,172. Work

starts at once and the road will be fin-

ished by August 1, 1918.



Oakland county let a contract to

build fourteen and one-half miles Of

gravel road from Birmingham village

to Orion township for $88,712.50; also

to build five miles Of concrete road, 16

feet wide, in Farmington township,

for $116,972.30. Both contracts are un-

der the provisions of the Covert law

and are let subject to sale of the bonds.



All road intersections in Schoolcraft

county will be provided with signs,

giving directions and distances, the

work of the Chamber of Commerce of

Manistique.



Barry county is trying the experi-

ment Of using motor trucks in hauling

gravel for road building. Two trucks

are in use on the Rutland—Hope road,

each truck having hauling capacity of

four square yards, and it is possible to

lay gravel on a mile of road in a week

or ten days.



Calhoun county voted $800,000 for

good roads but there is not much road





building activity. It is hard to get men ».





and teams, even at $3.50 a day for

shovelers and $6.00 for man and team.

The Marshall—Albion highway is being

completed and a road near Bellevue is

getting attention. ALMOND GRIFFEN.





“The Modern Gas Tractor, its Con-

struction, Operation, Application and

Repair,” by Victor W. Page, M.S.A.E.,

is a practical treatise covering every





branch of up-to~date gas tractor engi-’





neering, driving and maintenance in a





non-technical manner. It considers ful-,





1y all types of power plants and their

components, methods of drive and

speed mechanisms, describes design

and construction of all parts, their in-

stallation and adjustment, as well as





ractical application of tractors in the ’ ‘

eld. It is a book of 500 pages prey





fusely illustrated. .Published by the





Norman W. Henley Publishing 00., for.

New York. Price, through the Michie ; 1,





gan Farmer, $2.00.





.z’





 

 





 





\





been raised under just such condi~ .‘

Now, in your case, I should

think it would be an excellent thing to “

put this whole field into wheat and by ‘





.‘_

s





"F
may, as... .,.,. _...,. ..,_.. ..

, .





Farm Notes '

A Platform for Farm Wagons.





Will you please illustrate and de-

scribe in the Michigan Farmer the

best way to make a platform rack for

‘ farm trucks? . I have seen a number of

'~ different kinds of racks advertised but



not platform racks that would be. good

for hauling ensilage corn, potato

crates, etc. I would like to make one

with standard in front and' rear to

' keep the corn from coming off. Is it

best to have bottom boards matched,

or would they be better a half inch or

so apart to let sand through? Would

like bill of different pieces of lumber

“needed as I will have to buy all of it.

Manistee Co. SUBSCRIBER





A platform wagon is a great conven-



ience about the farm, and is easily and

quickly made. The writer has built

several platforms for farm wagons, all

on» practically the same plan.

. The first essential is two sills or bed

pieces, preferably of pine 3x6 inches

and at least fourteen feet long. These

should be placed on the wagon bolsters

in the proper position, and the plat-

form built right on the wagon, as this

is the easier method. These sills or

bed pieces should be placed on edge

the full width of‘the bolster at the

rear end, tapering together to about

two feet apart at the front end. To

hold them firmly in position they

should be bolted to a false bolster at

the proper distance from the front end.

Then a suitable number of cross pieces

of 2x4 or 2x6-inch material are laid

crosswise of these bed pieces and bolt-

ed to them.



The floor of the platform is laid pre-

ferably of matched lumber, on these

cross pieces. The cross pieces will be

sufficiently strong if laid flatwise on

the bed pieces, for any ordinary farm

hauling. If the wagon is not a low

truck, it will be necessary to box over

the rear wheels. This does not inter-

fere greatly with convenience in using

a platform wagon of this kind. For or~

dinary use a platform bed six feet wide

is the best, although one foot wider is

more satisfactory in hauling hay and

grain.



.A short standard which may be

made either permanent or hung to the

front end of the platform with hinges,

is very convenient. Heavy band irons

bolted in loop form around the rear

'end of the bed pieces will afford a con—

venient method for the insertion of a

rear standard or end gate to be used

when drawing hay or grain. This

should have cross boards or slats at

the proper distance above the floor of

the platform to afford“ attachment for

the ends of sling ropes used when load-

ing hay or grain. Rub irons should be

attached to the bed pieces at the prop-

er point underneath.



Such a platform can be quickly and

easily built by any farmer, and will

prove so great a convenience about

the farm that it will be seldom chang-

ed for the standard wagon box. Pro-

vision can be made for side boards,

making a box of large capacity, and a

stock rack can be attached by the fast-

eniugs provided for this purpose.



Sowing Rye and Vetch for Green



Manure.





Please give me some information in

regard to sowing rye or rye and vetch

in corn, when should it be sown, how

much, etc? Corn is two and a half

feet high now. Soil is sandy loam.

Would rye and vetch plowed under

each year and planted to corn main-

tain present fertility without manure



. or fertilizers?

Montcalm Co. R. B.





Rye or rye and vetch should be

sown in corn at any favorable time

from this date on, although it should

‘be gotten in in August for best results.

It is best sown just after a good rain,

which will insure the early germina-



. tion and uniform growth of the plants.

A bushel of rye and ten to fifteen

pounds of vetch seed will provide a

' good growth to plow under for green

manure the following year, especially

if geod inoculation of the vetch is

secured. “ -



' It would not be a practical plan.





 





V 'howeverfto plant “co





   





 





first iii; same

land each year, depending upon a

green manure crop Of this kind to

maintain soil fertility. If vetch does

well on your soil it will add to the

nitrogen. in the soil to some extent,

but will not add any other elements





 





of plant food not already contained in





the soil. As practically all Michigan

soils are deficient in phosphorous, it

is very essential for the maturing of

grain crops, obviously, this plan would

not maintain the fertility of the land.



If a liberal application of acid phos-

phate or Other fertilizer containing a

high percentage of available phosphor-

ous were given each year to supple-

ment the green manure crop, then

much better results would be secured.

A rotation of crops, however, is most

desirable, since the fertility of the soil

can be more easily kept in balance,

and the insect and fungous enemies of

the crops grown will not prove as seri-

ous as under a one-crop plan.





PULLING STUMPS WITH A TRAC-

TOR. ‘





 





I read with much interest Mr. Bel-

den’s article, “Clearing Land with a

Tractor,” which appeared in a recent

issue of this paper. Having had some

experience along this line myself, I

believe that I may add a few words of

value on the same subject. I refer to

our pulling stumps with our twenty

horse-power traction engine.





Mr. Belden’s leveling device is a

new one on me, but it sounds very

reasonable, especially when there are

not too many green roots and snags to

interfere; if I have occasion in the

future, I shall try it.



Several years ago my father cleared

five hundred acres .of land in one tract

and all at once; this entailed a great

deal of work and presented many prob-

lems in clearing, as part of, it was of

heavy clay soil and part was quite

light sand, and there was many de-

grees and combinations of soil be-

tween these two extremes. We found

that we could make the most headway

by burning everything that two men

could handle with the brush at the

first burning; and then the logs were

piled in low flat piles, the brands from

the first burning were piled on top of

them and this made the base for the

stump piles—~if the stumps had not

been green they would have burned

fairly well without this. When the

stumping was all done we allowed a

few days for the piles to dry out and

in the burning process we usually had

a clean job; we found that the larger

the piles the cleaner they burned.





Our usual process of stumping is to

blast the stumps with dynamite and

then go over the ground with a team

and pull the roots and sn‘ags that are

left; but owing to the fact that most

of our stumps were green, we were of-

ten meeting with roots that the team

could not pull; this condition brought

us to try the engine as a snag pulled.

We pulled small and old stumps whole,

very much as Mr. Belden did; we al-

ways pulled with the draw-bar——never

tried pulling from the front of the en-

gine; our plan of action was about as

follows: '



W’e attached a fiftyf-foot, three-

fourth-inch wire cable to the engine,

and” on the end of this we attached a

three-foot piece of heavy chain with a

round hook on the end; this would

hang onto a snag better than the reg-

ular‘cable hook such as is used on

stump pullers, and was- handier for

fast work. We put two men on the

end of the‘cable to hitch, unhitch and

throw the snags out of the way; then

with a third man at the throttle, it

was a case of “back-up-and-go—ahead,”

and an enormous amount of stumps

could be pulled in a day. The fifty-

foot cable permitted a' great deal of

reaChing about, and a great.many

stumps could be pulled from one spot;

then, when all that couid'be reached





 





a new .grou'p'i:’bf stumps. and ".the per-

formance repeated; and the men. Who

hauled and piled the stumps and snags

found no time to play. ' '



I soon learned that a light charge of

dynamite, just enough to split the

stump, was all that was required; this,





'of course, meant a great saving in pow-





der, for the engine would pull half a

stump as readily as it would pull a

root. ‘



I wish .to call attention to the fact

that the above account relates to that

part of our clearing where clay soil

prevailed and the engine had good

footing. When we reached the corner

of the clearing where the sand was

light we learned that we had a differ-

ent problem to face; here we found

that when we hitched to a stump that

was pretty solid the engine would dig

herself in, that is, the drivers would

,revolve and throw out the sand from

under them until the fire-box rested

on the. ground; then .we had a job of

carrying rails and digging her out. Pos-

sibly the present-day farm tractors

with their wide tread would not “dig

in" so readily as our old steam tractor

would.



At the time that we were using this

engine as a stump puller I gave it lit-

tle thought, but now, at the present

high prices’of labor and dynamite,

those who own farm tractors may save

many dollars by putting them to work

as stump pullers.



‘ Otsego Co. G. F. DE LA MATER.





WHAT IS FARM MANURE WORTH?





 





Just What the farmer can pay for a

ton of manure or for hauling and tak-

ing care of it varies with different con-

ditions. For ten years the University

of Missouri College of Agriculture has

been investigating this question. Field

tests have been made in thirteen dif-

ferent parts of the state. Different

soils, seasons, and kinds of manure

have been included under ordinary

methods of farming.





In practically all cases eight tons of

manure to the acre was applied once

in four years and plowed under be-

fore the corn crop. No manure was

applied on the following crops of cats,

wheat and clover, but the yields were

all recorded. The increase in crop

yields caused by the use of eight tons

of manure per acre, were as follows:

Ten and a half bushels of. corn, five

and a half bushels of wheat, four bush-

els of cats, and about 7000 pounds of

hay. This is an average from sixty

tests on corn and a somewhat less

number on the other crops. Figuring

these increases at normal prices they

are worth about $16, or about $2 a ton

for the eight tons of manure applied.

With, present. prices which are almost

double those of normal times, manure

is worth correspondingly more, or

about $4 a ton. ‘





 





WHEAT EXPERIMENTS OF TWO

DEcADEs





 





(Continued from first page).

sults which may be expected from the

use of lime depend upon the need for

lime. Some land does not need lim-

ing; much land needs it badly and can-

not be made to produce satisfactory

crops until its lime requirement is

satisfied. .



A wheat crop was harvested at

Wooster in 1916 from adjoining areas,

one of which had never been limed

and the other had been limed in 1903,

1909 and 1914 at an ayerage rate of

two tons per acre. Portions of each

tract had been farmed continuously

without fertilizers of any kind, while

other portions had been treated with

a great variety of materials.‘ Wheat

pn the unlimed, unfertilized area yield-

ed 1'0.59 bushels per acre. The addi-

tion \of lime as above mentiOned in-

crea‘se‘d'th'e ”yield to 21.8 bushels: a

gain 01? 11.2," bushels per 'aci‘e, Or .105





 





 





had received ~‘ ' phosphate chin-in-

creased the yield sixty-seven per cent.

The range of increase for liming 0n

the 'variously treated fertilizer plots

was from four to 114 pencent, being

largest on the plot receiving its nitro~

gen in the form'of sulphate of amm0<

nia. On the manured land the increase

for lime was 7.4 bushels per acre, or.

twenty-six per cent. Apparently no

treatment in the way of fertilizers or

manures made the liming of so-called

acid soils unnecessary.



So much for the fertility side of in<

creasing the yield of wheat. Other fac-«

tors which have an important bearing

on increasing the yield of wheat which‘

were emphasized are early plowingn

drilling as compared with broadcast-

ing; rate of seeding; date of seeding

and good varieties. “Heredity'mwheat

means as much as in animal breeding.

The Red Rock wheat originated and

distributed by the Michigan Experi-

ment Station will render the state a

service .the cash value of which will

exceed the entire expense of the ex-

periment station since its foundation."





 





THE NEW THRESHERS’ LICENSE

LAW.





 





The following is the text of the

threshers’ license law enacted by the

last Legislature and now in force.





The People of the State of Michigan

enact:





Section 1. On or before the first day

of July of each year, or Within five

days before beginning to thz esh, every

owner or lessee of a threshing ma—

chine or clover huller who shall thresh

for hire, shall file with the Secretary

of State an application for license con-

taining the name and postoffice ad-

dress of such owner or lessee, together

with the name and make of the thresh-

ing machine.





Such application shall .





be on blanks to be furnished by the 7





Secretary of State. On receipt of such

application it shall be the duty of'the

Secretary of State to register such





threshing machine and to, issue a li- ;





cense for the operation thereof, good

for one year. from the date of issuance.





Ssection 2. In lieu of a fee for the '





registration and licensing of such

threshing machine it shall be the duty

of the owner, lessee or operator of

such machine to file at least once each

week with the Secretary of State a

statement showing the amount and

kind of grain or seeds threshed during

such week, together with the name,

county and township, and, postoifice ad-

dress of the grower of such grain or

seeds, the number of acres of each so

grown and the yield of the crops so

grown. Upon the failure or neglect on

the partof any owner or lessee to file

the statistics required by this act, it

shall be the duty of the Secretary of

State to revoke the license for such

machine and no new license shall be

1ssued_during the current year.

Section. 3. It shall be the duty of

the_Secretary of State to provide each

registered thresher with suitable

blanks for the recording and return of

such crop statistics. Such blanks shall

be in triplicate, one copy of which

shall go to the owner as a receipt for

the grain or seed ,threshed, one copy to

be filed with the Secretary of State

and one to be retained permanently by

the registered thresher. Sufficient num-

ber of such blanks shall be furnished

each thresher as may be necessary for

his needs, together with stamped and

addressed envelopes for the weekly

mailing of such statements. Statistics

so received by the Secretary of State

shall be tabulated and made a matter

of public record in such form as the

Secretary of State shall prescribe. .

Sectidn 4. All blanks and other ma-

terial required by this act shall be fur-

nished the Secretary of State, upon

his requisition; by the Board of State

Auditors and paid for as other state

printing and binding is paid for. ‘

Section 5. , Any person or persons,

firm or corporation operating any

threshing machine for hire, which ma—





chine has not been licensed as by this





act provided, shall be guilty of -a mis-

demeanor and ‘upon conviction shall be

punished by fine of not to exceed twen-

ty—five‘ dollars or by imprisonment in

the county jail for not to exceed thirty





days or. by both such fine and impris- ‘

'onrnent in the discretion of the court.
Ah 4





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





   

     





   

 

 





 





HOSE/~01? iuquho' raise berries.



"will do .well“to look after the



‘ . ‘fields now.- Now is the time of

year *whenjberry fields require lots of

work. Blackberries, ,raspberies, straw-

berries, each king of its own season,

Will pay temendously Well, or but poor-

ly. or not at all, eitactly in accordance

with the amount of care and cultiva-





. tion given them.





This is also the age of power farm-

ing and for farming. on a large scale.

Whereas, once we did the work in the

berry fields altogether by band, now

we must enlarge them and bring in the

horses so as to get the work done





- cheaper.





Renewing Strawberry Fields.

Most all of the work of renewing the

old strawberry field may be done with

the horses. You can plow them down

to a row about six inches wide with a

disk cultivator or small turning plow.

The process being the same as bar

ploWing little corn by throwing the

dirt away from the plants and piling it

up in the middles.



’When this has laid a week to ten

days" so as to cOmpletely smother all

vegetation in the middles those ridges

should be leveled. You can do this

easily and quickly by harrowing a. few

times with the two-horse barrow. Then

when. it is leveled, turn and cross-har-

row two or three times. This will re-

move most of the weeds and practical-

ly all of the very old strawberry

plants, leaving only the young, strong

plants to make runners for next year’s

crop. For the harrow will hardly re-

move a single plant that has a good

strong root system. Then what few

weeds are left in the row may be pull-

ed out by hand. And for the rest of

the season the plants .may be cultivat-

ed with the corn cultivator.



You should cultivate deep for two or

three times to loosen up the ground

and put some life into it. When we

have time enough we cultivate .them

as much as three or four times the

same day. Then our deep cultivating

is done for the season. Afterwards we

only rake the top to keep the weeds

from getting a start. The shallow cul-

tivation also helps to hold moisture

and to keep the runners in the row

rather than to let them spread out all

over the middles.





The Care of Bramble Patches.



The blackberry and raspberry canes

should be cut out at once and cultivat-

ing begun. It is so much easier to do

this work next winter that many are

tempted to put it off. But you pay

most dearly~for such neglect. Because

intense cultivation is the thing that

berries need more than anything else.

You must cultivate them well during

the summer and fall or they can’t bear





- much fruit next season. And you can’t





cultivate them well until you get the

old canes out of the way. Also if left

they interefere seriously with the

growth of young plants. If you get the

old briars out of the way the young

plants can grow better and you can

trim them-uplbetter.



We never taketime to go over the

fields and pinch the buds ofi when the

canes are just so high. This is awaste

of time. But we remove the old canes

soon as the berries are picked and then

trim up the .young plants to suit our

fancy. This 'is done by going over the

fields with a very sharp corn knife and





trimming not only the tops but the‘





sides as well. By this means you get

a nice, neat, square-shaped row which

resembles a well kept hedge. It ad-

mits 0f thorough cultivation and will

get in shape for bearing maximum

crops. Remember. that this severe

pruning is done but once, and after-

wards only the top is pruned when

shoots'reach up tooliigh. When doing

~' j weare careful to keep our knives

5519131331); and to; strike upward al-'



" 597 to- eke a nice» clean cut





/





 





   





 





*areof Berry FlCld s





we. ' , _ 2





‘4?“—





x

'4





without haggling or’ splintering the

canes. .“ ~

The cultivation of berries is very

important, so much so" that you" can’t

raise many berries without cultivating

well. But there is a better reason yet

for removing the old canes as soon as

possible after the berries are picked.

They are a. means of communicating

diseases and pests to the young plants.

Most of the diseases and pests are to

be found on the old canes. And, of

course, the longer they are left the

better the chance for the young plants

to become infested or to contract the

plant diseases. Lately we have taken

over a small field of blackberries in





~ which the old canes were never remov-





ed until winter or early spring. This

is very fine soil and the briers are very

large and strong, but they are so badly

affected with anthracnose that they

bear but little fruit and that little of

very poor quality. It will take no end

of time, trouble and money to get this

field back on a paying basis. It has

only been bearing for about four years

and should not be in such poor shape.

But most of the trouble was caused by

the failure to remove the old canes

each year as soon as the berries were

picked. All who neglect their berries

in this way especially may expect the

same trouble without fail. And this is

the time when you can least afford a

failure.





Indiana. E. GREGORY.





 





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





 





Tomato and Raspberry Diseases.





Can you spray tomatoes with any-

thing at any time that will prevent

dry rot? Also, my raspberries are'dy-

ing, sometimes a branch, here and

there, and again the whole plant. Is

there any kind of a disease forming

black knots in the ,roots that would

cause this? The wet weather seems

to aggravate it. Can anything be done

to stop the disease spreading or to pre-





vent it?



Shiawassee Co. Mrs. G. A. W.



The dry rot on tomatoes is very dif-

ficult to control, especially in a season

when conditions are favorable for the

development of fungous diseases.



A thorough spraying with Bordeaux

mixture frequently enough to keep the

vines th‘oroughly covered will usually

keep the disease in check. The stak-

ing of the tomato vines so as to keep

the fruit from touching the ground is

also a preventive measure.



It is difficult to tell what is troubling

your raspberries, as you do not give a

thorough enough description of the

trouble. There is a crown gall which

attacks raspberries, which sometimes

brings on the symptoms you mention,

but more likely the disease is rasp-

berry cane blight.



This trouble is very diflicult to con-

trol, and the only thing to be recom-

mended that is of known value is to

cut out the dead and diseased canes

and burn them. Any cultural methods

such as cultivating or fertilizing, which

will improve the vigor of the plants

will. make them more resistant to the

disease.



Lice on Turnips.





Can you tell me if there is any pre-

yentive for the turnip louse?

Macomb Co. .M. L. K.





This year has been so favorable to

the development of lice that they have

been found on- plants on which they

are not commonly found.



The best remedy for aphids of all

sorts is nicotine sulphate, which can

be bought in commercial forms. It

should be used according to the direc-

tions on the receptable in which you

buy it. '





 





Apple picking is made easier if the





weeds are mowed in the orchard and

the place kept clean. Pickers are dis-

gruntled and do poor work where they

have to Wade through weedsand briers

wet with dew’orwautumn rains.





 





 

 





 





.‘ l“





 





,4





 





/ \ i L





on. BANKIN





How shrewd motorists save money





HEN most car owners



were novices, strong

words made strong im-

pressions.





Why P





But today the roads are toured by

millions of veterans. These veterans

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They know how to prove or dis-V





prove claims. seal depends





If you are a veteran you know

this: An oil that burns up rapidly

or breaks down quickly cannot be

really cheap. Though it may be

low-priced by the gallon, it is bound

to prove high-priced bylthe mile.





an oil which





know that the





You know that a wrong-bodied

oil raises your gas consumption. In-

stead of saving your oil pennies it

eats up your gas dollars.





You know that wear and tear on

the metal parts means,

some day, a heavy bill

which the low price





We

per-gallon can never %

Wipe out. '



In recent years no M b.l .1

oils have made such . O l 01 S





steadyprogrcssmward A grade for eat/1 type of motor





a dominant place in the market as





Gargoyle Mobiloils.





Because now-a-days the great bulk

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mobile veterans—men who have

learned that gasoline saving depends

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_who know that the piston-ring





solely on the éody and





t/mrarter of their lubricating oil.

Because the veteran knows that





uses up rapidly is not





lubricating properly.





Because the veteran automobilists of today





higher price per gallon of





Gargoyle Mobiloils means a lower cost per

mile in operating expense.



Write for new 56~page booklet contain-

ing complete discussion of your lubrication

problems, List of troubles with remedies and

Complete Charts of Recommendations for

Automobiles, Motorcycles, Tractors and





Marine Engines.



In buying Gargoyle

Mobiloils from your dealer,

it is safest to purchase in

original packages. Look

for the red Gargoyle on

the container. Ifthe dealer

has not the grade specified

for your car, he can easily

secure it for you.





 





CORRECT AUTOMOBILE LUBRICATION





Explanation: The four grades of Gargoyle Mobiloils, for gasoline motor lubrication,





purified to remove free carbon, are:

Gargoyle Mobiloil “A”

Gargoyle Mobiloil “B”





Gargoyle

Cargoyle





Mohiloil “ E ”

Mobiloil “Arctic”





In the Chart below, the letter opposite the car indicates the grade of Gargoyle Mobiloils

that should be used. For example, “A” means Gargoyle Mobiloil “A,” “Arc" means

Gargoyle Mobiloil, “Arctic,” etc. The recommendations cover all models of both pleasure





and commercial vehicles unless otherwise noted.





This Chart is compiled by the Vacuum Oil Company's Board of Engineers and rep-





resents our professional advice on Correct Automobile Lubricati





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





Models! l9|7 'l§l6 :915 1914 1913 ; Modelol

ll 5 ll 32 E k

CARS E s -s E s 2 i a.

- s a s 3 s i 3 s k

' lawnmower ....... Arc.Arc,Arr A» Aic.Arc.Arc Are. A Arc.

‘ " " (8Cyl). A A A A.

................ AArc.AArc.AArc.A A A A

1" (Mod.33-34-35)........,......... A .W

............ Arc.Arc.Arc.Are.A-'I' AN- AN‘ Arc.An:.Arc.y

‘ (ch‘l) ....... A A A .......

ngqlmm...” A Are. A An. A A A]

«g ,_,_. , A" Am An- A... Arr ......g

....... . Air. A Arc. A Arc...” ....

AnAN'Art.AArc.AArc.

A Arc.Arc. ..............

A Are. A Arc. A Ami

. A A Arum.





 





 





 





 





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| : £2128: 8)



‘ -3 3 ......

Pathfinder ..........

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E E

A A

. A ArcArc.

. A Arc, A

.A" N' Arc.Arc.

.A A

. A Arc. An: A

l-IC(slr) A a

.H.C.(wuu)(2cyclo A A A A

.H.C.(wuer)(4cycle A Art. ..

..... A Arc. A Arc; Arc. A ..

Les . A Arc. Arc. A (4m)..-

. ...”... i. ' (6cm. .

in. . A Arc. Arc.Are.

,. . . Are. A A

A A Atom.

A" A" Arc Arc.

.z c. 'LTAA ,Arc.

I'l' rr A“

.. A A A A A





 





YOUR TRACTOR

also may be lubricated efiiciently with Gargoyle Mobiloils.





you a separate Chart specifying the correct grade for each make and model of tractor.»





on.





{917 I9I6 I914 1913

i i

B B

IZ‘A





.E

A‘





31>: >> >>Fl ’





>>





>





A





) ......





§>> wmm>> > >> > >





 





On request we will mail





VACUUM OIL COMPANY, Rochester, N.Y.,U.S.A.





Specialists in the nianufacturo of high grade

every clmof machinery. Ob





Kansas City, Kan. Philadelphia





Domestic

New York Chicago





hasten

Branches





Detroit





lubricants for





nimble everywhere in the world





Pittsburgh





Minneapolis

Des Moines





Indianapolis





!
the country will farmers need

their prosperity tanks filled as

this coming season. The usual hay

crop will be short, the corn crop will

be nothing to brag about, and grain is

.certain to be high. The far-seeing

dairyman will prepare now for next

if winter’s needs by preparing to have

the silo as full as possible.



Under normal conditions the best

time to cut the corn for silage is when

the kernels are well dented,.and about

one-fourth of the husks, and the lower

leaves are, drying up. More mature

.corn has a greater nutritive value and

will make better silage than too green-

corn, providing it contains enough

moisture to insure good fermentation.

Corn out too green makes dark color-

ed, sour silage which is very apt to

cause animals to scour. In case of ex-

treme drought, such as ofttimes oc-

curs, it may be necessary to cut the

,corn much earlier than usual. The



best guide to time of cutting under un-

favorable conditions is when the corn

ceases to grow.



Cut Dry Corn Fine.



Corn in good condition to be put in-

to the silo will give good results, if

out as short as three—fourths of an inch

in length. Corn that is quite dry

should be cut into pieces not over one-

half inch in length. The finer the cut

the better it will pack down in the

silo, and furthermore, there will be

less wasted in feeding as the stock will

eat the fine cut silage more readily.

As it is quite difficult to pack corn

that is rather dry, it should in such

cases be cut finer. All corn in the

silo should be carefully and thoroughly

tramped down so as to exclude as

much air as possible.



There is a wide difference of opin-

ion as to the time required to fill the

silo. The system to be used is deter-

mined by the amount of silage to be

cut up by one set of machinery. Where

a thirty-foot silo is filled rapidly, the

silage will settle considerably, fre-

quently as much as five or six feet.

This makes it necessary to refill in a

week or ten days. The rapid filling is

the cheapest method and also gives a

more uniform quality of silage. Where

slow filling is practiced it is almost

necessary for the farmer to have a

cutter of his own, otherwise some of

the corn at the beginning of the silo

filling season would have, to be out too

green, and some at the end of the sea-

son, cut too dry.



Community Silo Filling Practical.



Slow filling makes it possible to

utilize the full capacity of the silo, as

by the time the silo is filled it is also

quite well settled. Nearly all argue,

however, that slow filling is more ex-

pensive than rapid filling. A method

often used, is for a community of from

three to six farmers to own a large

cutter jointly and fill their silos rap-

idly. They then make a second round

and refill the silos if necessary. Iknow

three ,neighboring farmers in western

New York, each of whom has subscrib-

ed to a fund of $50, and purchased a

large ensilage cutter and engine, and

with this they fill their silos as they

desire, and fill them on time. The first

year they paid for the machine, for it





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





outfit and one man to run it. By

changing off work, there is no labor

expense.



Distribute and Pack Silage.



The packing of the corn is a very

important part of the work. Thorough

packing gives better silage and in-



, sures a more economical use of the silo

because more of it can be put into the

silo if well packed. The chief points

to remember are: That the light and





 





-, evenly distributed; that the corn

should be uniformly packed and tramp-



god in all parts of the silo. The distrilr

' utlng can be most easily and cheaply

one by attaching a distributor to the

. . of the blower elevator. Thorough

hiring can best be secured by keep-





 

 





 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 





' EVER before in the [history of





costs at the rate of $10 a day for an'





heavy portions of the corn should be.





     





ing the surface of the silage about two





feet higher on the sides than in the

center. With this method, the center,

where the corn drops and the men

stand most of the time, becomes very

solid. When filled in this manner the

silage is wedged solidly against the

sides in such a way as to prevent air

spaces near the wall. The chief rea-

son why silage spoils around the edge

is because it is not' packed well enough

and the air is permitted to enter. The

characteristic silage fermentation

takes place only in the absence of air.



The silage should be wet after it is

in the silo, and if it is not in this con-

dition, water should be added. Corn

cut at the proper time need not be

artificially moistened . to make good

silage. If, however, the corn is too

dry at the time of cutting, water

should be added. The silage should

be cut in pieces not over half an inch

in length and an extra effort made to

have it properly packed.



Adding Water at Filling Time.



There are two convenient methods

of adding water to silage. These are:

First, by allowing a continuous stream

to flow into the blower pipe at the time





Filling the Prosperity an





wait from two-





‘ pasture.





 





 





9. -





dairymen prefer to

weeks to a month beforé starting.feed-

ing silage; But with this practice

there is a waste. The corn can be fed

immediately after the silo is filled, but

it will merely be cut corn. It will take

several days’ feeding before the real





silage will be reached. And starting





feeding immediately means no‘ top

waste.



The cost of filling the silo, including

the cutting of the corn in the field,





hauling it to the cutter, putting it.





through the silage cutter, trampling,

leveling, and covering the silo, varies

from about fifty-five cents to $1.25 per

ton E. W. GAGE.





 





BREEGHY CATTLE.





 





Perhaps nothing is more exasperat-

ing to the busy farmer than to learn

that the neighbor’s corn or grain field

has been entered by cattle from his

Of course, much of the out-

come depends upon the neighbor, but

no matter how good natured the latter,

one cannot but feel that some more

secure method of confining the stock

would be desirable when they are mak-





 





 





A Means of Keeping Cows from Going Through Fences.





of filling; second, by thoroughly wet-

ting down successive layers of the cut

corn. But don’t attempt to fill the silo

with dry corn and then wet the con-

tents by pouring water on the top, as





this will require a great deal of water

and the water will not penetrate

evenly. -





There is sure to be Some waste on

top of silo, unless the feeding opera-

tions are started immediately after fill-

ing, which is not usually the case. The

depth to which silage spoils varies

from two inches to two feet, depending

upon the precautions taken to prevent

it. Various methods of lessening the

waste have been advocated. Some

tramp or pack the surface of the sil-

age daily for a week or more. Anoth-

er method that is sometimes used is

to thoroughly soak the top layer and

seed it with o‘ats. The oats germinate

and form a solid covering. which keeps

out the air.

or cut straw may be put on top of the

silage to protect it, or the ears may

be removed from the last few loads of

corn before cutting and the surface

soaked with water. All these methods

are satisfactory, as they keep out the

air and lessen waste.



Causes of Spoiled Silage.



The spoiling of silage is due either

to a‘white mold or a black rot. The

white mold indicates that the silage

was too dry when placed in the silo,

while the black rot indicates that it

was not packed properly, or that air

penetrated through the sides of the

mass of silage.



As it takes several Weeks for the

corn to pass through the heating proc-

ess which changes it into silage, many





A covering of oat chaff,





ing themselves a nuisance generally

by getting into fields where they are

not wanted.



In the newer parts of Michigan,

barbed wire is utilized extensively.

Now cattle have been seen to walk

very gracefully through a barbed wire

fence, without getting their tempers

ruffled, or their skin scratched. An

animal will begin, perhaps, by reach-

ing his head through the fence to steal

the other farmer’s grass, then follows

one front foot after the other, and if

the fence is at all slack, the breechy

animal will force his way through the

fence and into the adjoining forbidden

field.



Usually certain ones of the herd are

more venturesome than their mates.

The farmer locates these, and decor-

ates them with a medal of honor in

the form of a poke, as shown inthe

illustration. Almost every farmer who

lets his cattle run without much at-

tention on a piece of new land will

use this device to prevent the holder

“critters” from getting, ”through the

fence.

the animal from getting his head

through an opening between the wires,

he'is forced to content himself With

his own allotted feeding ground. '



While the device is, very effective

and cheap, and apparentlycauses the

animal so controlled little discomfort,

yet on farms where stock is kept reg.

ularly, it would seemadvisable to use





more substantial fencing and let the





animals have the free use of their

heads. ,

Experience shows that greater gains





of flesh 0r milk are made where 113’.





cattle are given an environment tend-





 





ks





Since the forked stick prevents





That. an annual is breechy is perhaps

an indication that he is a good feeder,-

and that if he were freed from the

yoke of a restraining poke, and con-

fined with a harmless woven wire or

other substantial fence, and well fed,

he would respond to the treatment

given by making greater returns in

the form of meat or milk than would

be the case were he tantalized by we

ing tempting feed on the other side of





to eat it.





Benzie Co. E. H. BROWN.





 





’MiLKme THREE TIMES A DAY.





 





The question is quite frequently be-

ing asked by progressive dairymen,

“does the frequency with which a cow

is milked have any effect on the quan-

tity or quality of milk which she

gives ?”



Last season we experimented some

in this line and have been led to the

conclusion that up to certain limita-

tions the oftener a cow is milked,‘the

more milk she will give, but we are

not so certain that she will produce

more butter-fat. Our experiment was

made when the cows were on pasture,

from the first of June to the first of

July. The cows were three in number

and were grade Jerseys.



The cows all increased in flow to

some extent, the increase depending

largely on the time of freshening. The

governing factor seemed to be, the

further along in the period of lacta-

tion the cow was, the less increase the

flow. One cow increased from thirty

pounds daily to forty-pounds. One in-

creased fifteen pounds and one only

ten pounds. Whether the increase

could have been maintained any con-

siderable length of .time, we are, of

course, unable to say.



The pasture was blue grass and tim-

othy and was of the best, as there

were frequent rains, as is usually the

case during the month of June.‘ The

cows had free access to all the clean

water they desired and were given salt

every day. We have no doubt that it

would pay to milk three times a day in

thecase of heavy producing cows, pro-

vided there were a number of them.

Most farmers would no doubt argue

that they have too much to do to carry

on any experiment of any kind long

enough to get reliable data.



Indiana. D. LEATHERMAN.

FIGURING THE VALUE OF MILK



AND BUTTER.





 





After noting what Mr. Lillie tells

M. A. S. in the issue of June 30, in

answer to his inquiry about selling

whole milk for $1.85 per hundred for

3.5 per cent milk, or butter-fat at $0.47

a pound, I want to suggest a little dif-

ferent way of figuring it.



In the first place, his price for but-

ter-fat is high ‘in proportion to the

price for milk. Our prices so far this

month for butter-fat have been $0.36

and $0.37 and milk $1.92 for 3.5 per

cent milk. Suppose you sell 3.5 per

cent cream at $0.37; 100 pounds of

milk would bring you $1.30 and you

would have the skim-milk. Selling

this test whole milk at $1.92 would

give an advantage in price of $0.62,

and we will call this the price of that

100 pounds 'of skim left when you sell

cream. Statistics show that there are

but eight pounds of .solids in 100

pounds of ayerage skim-milk. The rest

is nothing but water, so the eight

pounds of solids at $0.62 per hundred

for skim~milk are costing: better than

$0.07 a pound, $140 a' ton. Pretty ex-

pensive feed for my calves. Calf meal

is only $70 a ton.



Now, figuring on the basis of M. A.

S. s prices: Whole milk $1. 86, and

milk selling cream 31. 65, difference of





$0. 20 per hundred for skim, $50 a ton



fer the solids. as compared with



ma corn and oatswat $68 and cult.

J





 





1181:!) their utmost Comfort and, peace. .





 

 

 

   

   





.the fence and yet not being allowed -





in
Silage Spoils at Foundation.

I own a 10x30-ft. wooden silo, set on

an eight-foot wall, four feet in the

ground and four feet above. About

one and a half feet. of the silage next

to the concrete wall always rots. Last.

year the silage was none too green

when put in, so it was a little worse

than usual. The inside of the silo is

flush with the inside-of the wall, so

much so, in fact, that I am afraid to

‘ tighten the silo hoops too much for

fear the silo will settle into the wall.

I suppose you will say that that is the-

trouble, but how can it be, when the

silage rots almost to the bottom? 1

H. M. H. i





The presence of air in the silo is

always the cause \of spoiled silage,l

since the bacteria which cause decay"

can only work effectively in the pres-

ence of air or oxygen. The scientific

reason for the preservation of silage in

a wholesome and palatable state is

that in the first fermentation which oc-

curs after the silo is filled the heat

generated is sufficient to destroy the

harmful bacteria present in the green

mass. Then if the silo is sufficiently

tight to prevent the ready access of air

there will be no active bacteria pres-

ent to start decay in the silage after



. this heat from fermentation has sub-

sided. The more nearly air—tight the

silo the better the silage will keep, but

there will be comparatively small loss-j

es from small air leaks in the silo wall

for the reason that the silage is pack-

ed so solidly inside the wall of the silo

as to almost perfectly exclude the air

from the. silage itself. But in a con-

dition such as is described, where the

silo pit is slightly larger than the silo

itself, there is bound to be a loose con-

dition of the silage around the outside,

as the silage settles into the pit, and

as it is most difficult if not altogether

impossible to perfectly exclude the air

at this point, the decay of the silage is

the natural result. _ l



This trouble might be remedied in‘

two ways. The pit portion of the silo}

might be plastered with a rich mortar;

of cement and sand to bring it out?

flush with the silo at the bottom,‘

which would tend to make the wall

air-tight if the trouble is due to its

porous structure, or an extra stave

might be put into the silo to accom-

plish the same result, the wall being

waterproofed if necessary.



Ropey Milk.



Could you please explain the cause



and how to prevent stringy, ropey





milk? After the milk sets a while it

is stringy, also the cream. SUBSCRIBER.





Ropey, or stringy milk, is caused by

a' special bacteria that gets into the

milk and produces this effect. For in-

stance, one kind of bacteria gets into

milk and turns the milk sour; this is

lactic acid bacteria. Now, the ropey

milk bacteria gets in and makes it

stringy and slimy and prevents it from

souring because this bacteria over-

comes the effect of the lactic acid

bacteria.



Ropey tmilk bacteria are more apt

to be troublesome during rainy sea-

sons, or the rainy portion of any sea-

son. They are usually present in mud-

holes and stagnant water. Cattle that

pasture in wet fields, especially those

that during wet time travel through

mud in going to and from the pasture,

are‘ more liable to be troubled with

this bacteria. Where cows don’t have

to go through wet places and mud and

have all upland pasture there is rarely

any trouble from this cause.





The difficulty can be overcome with

very little trouble and expense, If the

udders of the cows are washed in a

weak solution of carbolic a'cid, say a

five per cent solution or even weaker,

this will destroy the bacteria. The

hands of the milker also ought to be





 





 





washed in water containing a little 3'





7 carbolic acid and the dairy utensils,

milk pails, etc., ought to be rinsed in





this water before the final rinsing. If





a little pains is taken for two or three ’





days, I think the trouble will entirely- “





 





disappear COLON C. LILLIE.





HERE’S alot

of difference

between “Mueller

Pipeless” andjust





WthouWant the Mueller Pi





 





 





 





 





 





pclcss '





AST winter’s

unusual cold

gave the Mueller

Pipeless Furnace a





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





“pipeless”. The

Mueller Pipeless

Furnace is a real

furnace, of exactly

the. same construc-





 





 





 





 





 





tion as the old re- d; p .





liable Mueller line,

only Without pipes

or fiues. It is the

result of 60 years’

experience in the





building of heating .

systems of all kinds,

arid it has behind





 





it the Mueller name

and reputation.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





{cu RNACE





severe test—a test

which effectually

proved the entire

success of the sys—

tem. Many good—

sized houses were

kept warm and

comfortable in the

coldest parts of the

country and in the

most exposed loca-

tions, with the ther-

mometer at 20 and

30 degrees below

zero for days at a

time.





 





 





 





 





Interesting Book About Pipeless Heating—Free





You should know all about this new and improved method of heat-

ing homes. Just tear the corner of this advertisement, write your

name and address on-the margin and mail to us for interesting,

illustrated booklet about pipeleu heating, with name of nearest





The Mueller Pipeless Furnace is easily installed. No tearing up of

walls for pipes or fines. Just the thing for small or partial cellars

——even where there is no cellar itis an easy matter to dig a pit big

enough. Does not heat the cellar,preventing storage offruits and

vegetables. Save93596 in fuel—burns hard or soft coal, coke or wood





 

 

 

 

 

   





 





dealer who can tell you all about the Mueller Pipeless.





The Mueller Pipeless Furnace





house at a comfortable temper-

ature, from one register, with-

out pipes or flues, providing a

continual. circulation of warm

air through all the rooms and

insuring perfect ventilation.





Just leave the doors between rooms

open and Nature’s laws do the rest.

The warm air rises, displacing the

cold air, which is drawn into the

furnace to be reheated.



With this continual circulation of air,

your home will be kept warmer, more

healthful, more comfortable—and at

smaller expense.



The entire furnace is of solid castiron,

radiator is one piece, grates are of tri-

angular duplex pattern, ash pit is

large and high, double jacket is rust-

proof. The Mueller Pipeless burns

hard or soft cojal, coke or wood—-

effects a saving of 35% in fuel.





 





 





 





 





 





 





With the Mueller Pipeless





will heat all the rooms in your -.1 .— g... N‘.‘ .~' ' .3 Furnace you are freed from





the disagreeable job of putting

up the stoves every fall and

taking them down every

spring—from lugging in coal

to each stove and carrying out ashes.

Your house is clean, with no room

taken up by unsightly stoves. Your

heating plant is in the cellar, where

it belongs, and where it stays the

year ’round. .

The L. J. Mueller Furnace Company

has on file thousands of letters from

persons who have passed through

several winters with Mueller Pipeless

Furnaces and who tell of the greater

comfort, convenience and economy

they have given.





6? x Send for the Booklet Now





I... J. Mueller Furnace Co.





Makers of Heeging Systems of All Kinds





ince 1857





195 Reed Street Milwaukee, Wis.





 





 





“We have had an-



other satisfactory

year filling our three

Silos,ranginginheight .





_l\_I<_)_ Silo .

Too High £2:i.ii‘i9".2.iea..».





— —-_‘ writes S. B. Mason, Lex-

ington, Kentucky. “This Is the third year we have used the Papec

Cutter and have found itsatisfactory in every respect." The Papec runs

on l-5 to L3 less horse power than any other blower cutter.





APapec soon pays for itself, for this feason: Suppose your silo

holds 100 tons and you depend upon the cutter crew. Su pose the crew

reaches you 2 weeks too early or 2 weeks too late. The food value

of the corn is reduced about $l a ton. You have lost $75 to $100-

Agam, the silage settles, leavmg the top quarter of the silo empty. You

imgagggglacl $7 5 to $100 unce you could refill that space Mu

Siza ior3 H. P.engine and ‘ ‘ "

up—capacities 2 to 30 tons per

hour. Fully guaranteed. V7:«:’-:::z.

Write todayjor new catalog.





Papec Machine Co.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





so im- Street, Shaman, N. r. “lt Throws

26 Convert ' t Distnbuh' '

mute. M and Blows"





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

   

   





 





 





‘ in col rs sins

ES! 0.1“.” howy‘hugzgsave '





mono or: Farm True or Road

W y “crying-wheels”





When writing to advertisers





 





. l . a 0 e .



.tnyfgigd 1'5"? . please mention the MlClll-

‘5 y. . ’I I I

«my,» 'gan Farmer.





 





SELFrOILING WINDMILL

With INCLOSED MOTOR *

Keeping our ousr and RAIN - Keeping IN on.‘





SPLASH OILING

SYSTEM





 





Constantlyfloodin;

Every Bearing With





ONLYONCEAYEAR ' Fifi... ' ‘

DOUBLE GEARS -— Each Carrying Half the Load





Every feature desirable in a windmill in the /'

AUTO-OILED AERMOTOR "

Gasoline Engines — Pumps —Tanks

Water Supply Goods -Steel Frame Saws





WalrrAERMOTOR CO. 2500 l2m $12.0"qu





coon PROFITS





IN MAKING CIDER





Mount Gilead Cider and Grape

éuice Presses produce ID to 400

arrels dailyi All sizes, hand

or power. 0 need to feed

apple culls to the hogs.

Fully Guaranteed -

We make cider evapomtors.

apple-butter cookers, vinegar

generators, cider and vinegar

filters. Write {or analog.





Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co. ' 3

131 Lincoln Ave. Mount Gilead. Ohio'





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Wonderful M ..

oméimseé'é’o‘éiis‘l’r? ‘3‘:

a.

lltEc'l' FROM FAcTORY-FREIGII‘I‘ PAID

All heavy DOUBLE GALVANIZED WIRE. 18.

per rod up. Get free Book enclu‘ESungloo to has

THE BROWN FENCE In W . *

mm. . . -cmm'ouo





49
GLIMPSE over the advertising



pages of any of the publications



devoted to agricultural interests

will indicate to anyone who has made

a study of the principles of advertising

the lack of information which the av-

erage live stock advertiser possesses

on the psycological phase of advertis-

ing. Dropping the more complex

phases of psychology it may be said

that its application to advertising con-

sists in the ability of the advertiser to

comprehend in advance, the state of

mind which will mark that portion of

the buying public from whom his cus-

tomers may be expected to come; and

also, by skillful suggestion, to arouse

in the mind of the possible buyer, the

need which he has for that which the

advertiser has to sell.



The men who conduct the advertis-

ing campaigns of ‘the big industrial

concerns and those who look after the

advertising 0f the city department

stores, are trained advertising men

who fully understand the psychological

phase of the work they have to do.

They must know months in advance

what portibn of the goods their adver-

tising covers will be wanted during a

certain period; must gradually direct

the minds of their possible customers

to the coming of that period and then,

with its appearance, give them the full-

est information possible regarding the

ability to fill their orders.



Advertising Should be Seasonable.



Perhaps no commercial advertising

gives a better illustration of what may

be called “seasonable” advertising

than may be found in the work of the

trained men who are connected with

the big hardware stores in any of our

large cities. A large part of the goods

handled in the big hardware stores is

salable, to any great extent, only dur-

ing a brief portion of the year. In

early autumn they will commence to

jog the public mind about stoves,

weather stripping and other articles

which winter will call for. As the days

commence to lengthen and the snows

of winter to disappear it will be paint,

wire fencing. agricultural' implements

and garden tools that their advertise-

ments will talk about; and a little lat-

er it will be lawn mowers, garden

hose, etc.



Another respect’in which the adver-

tising men of the big city stores use

their knowledge of the psychology of

advertising is in the arrangement of

copy for papers differing radically in

the.chara.cter of their readers. For

instance, in nearly every big city there

will be a section—”call it the “west

side”———where the homes of the weal-

thy are located, and the ”east side”

where the poorer class lives. As a

rule the newspaper having a big circu-

lation on the "west side” will have

few readers 011 the other side of the

city where the widely read paper will

be one which circulates but lightly

among the west siders. Now, note the

difference in the wording of the ad-

vertisements of the same store in

those two papers. The trained adver-‘

tising man knows that it would be a

waste of space and money to advertise

$50.00 domes or electric chandeliers

in the east side paper, and just as

flagrant waste to advertise bargains

in wash boilers or tin kitchen ware in

the west‘side paper.



Emphazize Goods, Rather than Names.



One other thing to be noted in the

newspaper advertising of the class

mentioned is the uniformity with

which the writers subordinate the

name of the firm to the main subject

of the advertisement. If it is lawn

mowers that the hardware storeis call-

ing attention to the ' type in which

"lawn mowers” is set will be five'or

six times as large as that in which

the name of the store or firm is set

down at the bottom of the ad. And





 





important Phases of Live S‘toC‘





By H L. ALLEN





oftentimes on opening the morning pa-

per the words “negligee shirts” will

fairly emblazon themselves on your

mind, such prominence are they given

in the type display of a clothing store

ad. and to strike a reader.”right in the

eye" with the .name of whatever you

want to sell is a fundamental princi-

ple of advertising that any advertiser

may well remember.



These observations are but a prelim-

inary leading up to some of the short-

comings to‘ be noted in the advertise-

ments. of live stock breeders in the

agricultural papers. Those who are

directly interested in the subject are

requested to look over the advertise-

ments in this paper and note the num-

ber in which the copy‘ could be chang-

ed to more seasonable copy, to the

great benefit of the advertiser and the

paper. Then take your pencil and

make a note of the large number in

which the big display line is the name

of the farm with the offering hidden

away in small type. '



The man who wishes to buy a highly

bred Holstein bull calf to use in his

herd will overlook an ad. of “Sun-

bright Farm" in big type, even though

it is stated in small type that this

farm has some highly bred Holstein

calves for sale. But if the same ad-

vertiser would have his copy read,

“Holstein Calf For Sale from Record

Herd,” in big type, the intending pur-

chaser of a calf will find the name of

the farm and address, even if it is in

small type.



It is a mistaken idea which many

have that the advertising medium used

will sell the advertiser’s offerings for

him. At best the paper used cafi only

introduce the advertiser to its readers.

The impression the introduction will

make will depend largely on the word-

ing and type display of the advertise-

ment. And the business connection

that may be formed through that in-

troduction will last only as long as the

advertiser will be able to keep abso-

lute faith with his customer. ‘



The Seller’s Obligation.



In selling live stock, especially, by

the mail order method, it is essential

that the customer be treated with the

utmost sincerity. One dissatisfied cus-

tomer will be able to make worthless

many dollars spent in advertising, in

his locality. Perhaps the most satis-

factory way to sell on description is

to do so under the understanding that

a customer not satisfied with the ani-

mal purchased may return it, upon

payment of express charges, and re-

ceive the purchase price back. Such

a rule demonstrates the good faith of

the seller and permits the buyer to see

the animal at less expense than a trip

to the advertiser’s farm would entail,

in the great majority of cases.



Now, as to seasonableness. It is a

waste of money to advertise male ani-

male for breeding purposes at a time

of the year closely following the close

of the natural breeding time. One can

no more expect returns from such ad-

vertising, at that time, than could be

expected from an advertisement of

seed wheat just after the sewing sea-

son. Advertising of males for breed-

ing purposes should be planned well

ahead and it should appear at least a

couple of months preceding the breed-

ing season. It is an excellent plan to

specify one animal in such an adver-

tisement, mentioning merit of ances-

try and placing a price on him. If

more than one is for sale change the

copy every week or so, but always

having the breed and sex of the ani-

mal the outstanding line in the ad.



Females are, as a rule, salable the

greater part of the year and advertis-

ing may be devoted to them at such

times as the space is not wanted to

dispose of the males. If more than

one is for sale it will be advantageous, I





 





however, to concentrate on one at a

time. Call attention to breeding and

merits of one for a week or twoiand

then replace with another. The most

senseless waste of money, and the one

most frequently to be noted is an ad.

in which the copy is never changed

from one year to another. That is on

a par with the city merchant who

would fill his display Window with

goods and allow them to remain with-

out change indefinitely.

Some Examples.



A good example of an ad. which is

sure to catch the eye of any reader in

the market for a Holstein heifer and

in which something concrete' appears

to encourage the opening of corres-

pondence is the following taken from

the Michigan Farmer:





 





30. 21 lbsR sire. Their dam’ o





3 uolste‘l “cue“ dgmA s 1- 1:0 dam

01335 lb. oow. bredtofiibrothers toSOIb. 4yr. old. Terms

if wanted.





 





From another agricultural paper as





clipped an ad. which is so worded as

to appeal to the minimum number of

readers. It offers the would~be buyer

nothing specific and the general read-

er would pass it over without noting

what is being advertised. This ad. is

here reproduced, the advertiser’s name

and address, as in the first presented,

being omitted for obvious reasons:





woonsmt sroc’x FARM.





Shorthorns and Polled Durhams with

milk and beef.





 





 





In selecting a medium to carry ad-

vertising the advertiser should also

use judgment. A paper devoted prin—

cipally to gardening or fruit growing

will not bring the live stock advertis-

er’s offerings to the class of buyers

which he wishes to reach. Therefore,

select a medium for the sale of live

stock which pays considerable atten-

tion to that branch of the farming 'in-

dustry. There is a certain psycologi—

cal phase to be observed in selecting

mediums for advertising purposes and

the intelligent reader will be able to

judge with a fair degree of correctness

of the relative value of each, in that

particular field he wishes to reach.



Protect the Interests of the Buyer.



Where an advertisement brings a

buyer it devolves upon the advertiser

to perform certain duties that will



(Continued on page 125).





INSTANT

POSTlll'l

as _ coffee’s

successor

on the family

table makes

for better





health and

more comfort





Preferred by

Thousands





"There's 611 Reason  





 





 





 





 





 

   





WI ‘YUUR CORN





WITH





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





AKRON SUIKY

CORN CUTTER





The old way requires considerable help(

and takes a long time. The AKRON

III-KY 0 EN CUTTER saves time,

money, and much labor; is absolutely

safe; inexpensive; efficient; light draft;

only one horse required; saves twine;

cuts one or two rows at a. time; ad-

justable for height of cut. We want you

to know more about our Corn Cutter, but





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





this space is too small for that, so we

have published an illustrated booklet

containing full description and testimo-

nials which we will mail free to all in-

terested readers of this paper. Send us

a postal card request at once and you

will receive this booklet by return mail.

We will also tell you what dealer in your

‘ neighborhood handles our Corn Cutter,



so you can go and see this complete



_ machine. Write now.1_light now. ,





,THE AKRON cu mama so.

\ AKRON. 01110.. « '





l





 





Tb: 0010 K news-$14: SHE can’t talk. Ask the Dealer.





{TV-W LE." M5:





   

   





 





1. '1,» ’;»TH.7(:\

x' ’

’\:‘/ ’€/ \“ owHiGS ”





TO,- 805- :S





KILFLY





T.____.\

(—3 ESTABLISONCD

V§W





   





 

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





0743‘ .1le if

let your cows suffer from

DON’T thctorturcof flies When



their energy is used to

switch‘ the flies from their backs they

cannot give the maximum amount of

milk. It makes them irritated and run

down. Use





SO-BOS-SO KILFLY





— -— a sure and efiective preventive

against fly torture. A boon to the

cows and a lane to troublesome milking. Spray with

SO-BOS-SO KILFLY twice a day to keep the file.

any. Will not Miner the ddnuor sum the hair.

Has been the former“ a friend for more than 17 years.

Used all over U. s. and in many foreign countries.

Tried and prorcn Sold in gallon

cans-enough for 200 cows or for



one cow 100days. Your dale! will ,



sell you 50- 805-50 KILFLY. Send .



for descriptive circular.





 

 

   

 





 





Vitrified

Tile





5,10





Get the “SHIP-LAP” Joint E;

Thotgunlity construction in vitrified‘fllo. End of ‘ ‘

each lockovewa onto the next. Make L“





a stron r

“_ silow th mono exposed. Smootger

wall inside—better looking outside. Reinforced ;:.'

: with twisted: teel—eontin uouodoorway—big lsd— :_ ‘

. der rungs. Hip roof 'ves extra 1 octane in height. '.'-





'5'- J M 911551011" c ”“3”" 133

' ' .. °" o‘s-1m... .11;





 





“Om





 





 





um Ancnomm Morld'.:.,,°gs::’



and Gm l



and become independent with no capital invested.



vaory launch of the business taught in 5 weeks.

VVterl today for free catalog.



JONIS' NAT’ I. SCHOOL 0’ AUCTIONIIIING.



28!. Sacramento Blvd.. Chic-30.. n1. Coreyl. Jenn. l’ru.





FERRRETS.”°“i..°°331‘:..lY“‘f





HUGH KEPHART. Dowallao. Michigan





 





 





DOGS

In, 1.113 «111.91. *wtfiw'





Plhoo Mention The Michigan Pm Whom

Writing to Advertisers





 





 





 





o .
LITERATURE

. POETRY



HISTORY an?



INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 

 

 





‘I77e FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





fl





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere'v





 





 





HE clay cut at the foot of Park-



view avenue, was one ‘of the



worst jobs the Emory Construc-

tion Company had ever taken in

charge. The foundation for the new

pumping station was to be laid thirty

feet below the surface, and mud, quick-

sand and bad weather had combined

to hinder progress.



“At this season of the year, I can

hardly get help enough to pump out

the water,” Walton, the foreman said,

one late October day, to Mr. Emory,

the contractor. “The men won’t stay

long enough to get used to the work.”



“Twenty men asked for their time

last night,” he went on, “and here I

am with only half a force today.”



The contractor thought a moment,





Over the Bank





By EARL R. RICE





as he surveyed the ugly hole yawning

at his feet. In rough outline it was

two hundred feet long by seventy-five

wide. Its sides were sticky and pools

of water down in the cut made work

there most unpleasant. Every man

who came out at the" close of a shift

was seen to be covered with dirt.



“It’s a hard pob, all right,” he com-

mented. “Can’t say that I blame the

men very much, but we must get

through somehow.”



Just then the giant crane creaked

and groaned as it brought up its regu-





lar load from the bottom, swung it

over to one side and dumped the wa-

tery mass in the waiting wagon. The

contractor watched the process and

smiled in approval as he turned to

Walton. “You’ve got one good man

on the job, anyhow,” he said. “That

old crane comes up as if the man hand—

ling her knew his business.”



“Well,” said Walton, “I’ve been

afraid Thomas wOuld quit, too. He got

into a dispute with his assistant the

other day and I am sure one of them

will go.”





“Do the best you can. Perhaps the

work will improve in a day or two,”

was the contractor’s comment as he

left.



But Walton’s fears came true. The

assistant engineer asked for his time

that day at the close of work. Wal-

ton called up the office, “I must have'

a man in the morning,” he said. “All

right,” said the contractor, though he

did not know where he would find one.



“What do you think of it, Jack?”

he said to his eighteen-year-old'son

that night, as he told him of the pros

gress of the work. “I Wish I could

give Walton a good lot of encourage-

ment. The best thing I could send

him would be a man who would stick.”



“Say, dad,” he broke out, “what do





llllllllllllIIllllIlllllllWilllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllIIIHIIHIIIIlllllllllllllllllllIIIIIHIHIHIIIIIHIIII[HIllillllllll|HIIHHINIIIlilllllllilIllllllllllllllIlllllilllllllllllfllllillllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllilllllllllllllHllIIllHllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIHHIIlillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllillllllllilllHHHIIIHHIlHIllllilllIHIHIHIIIIIIIIIHHHIIIIIIIIHIHIIIIHIIIIII||lllllllllllIIHillllllllllllllfllllllllllll||I!“lllllllIIHIIIIIIHIHIIIII





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





Loading Supplies on One of chle

Sam’s Men-of-War.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Showing Relative Size of a Fourteen—





inch Projectile.





 





Sahara Desert About Guemor Photographed from an Aemplane.

o ' -





w.uur
.....





._'you say to sending me down there for

‘a while? I’d like nothing better than

helping With that old crane for a week

. or ten days.’

' "Never would do.” His father shook

his head. “Walton wouldn’t want you

on the job.” ‘



"He needn’t know who I am,” said





Jack, “just- send me down as a new

man. If I don’t make good, take me

'off.”





"Well, all right. Report in the morn-

ing for the muddiest time of your life.

Let’s see what you’ve got.”



Jack was on hand at the cut at an

early hour the next morning.



"‘I’m to take the place of the man

Who left yesterday,” he informed the

”engineer.



' “Just give me a little practice in

handling the crane, I want to see how

it goes.”



The engineer looked him over. “Pret-

ty green stuff to send us,” was his

comment. But he put the lad to work,

nevertheless.



“It is a tough job, all right,” Jack

said that night to his father. “But I

don"t think the men quit because it’s

muddy and sticky. There’s another

reason.”



“What’s that?” came the quick ques-

tion. “Doesn’t Walton treat them all

right?”



“Walton’s O. K.” said Jack. “He

didn’t know me, but he gave me plenty

of attention. He said he was‘glad to

have me there and hoped I’d stay. I

think he’s a brick. The men all like

him too. They quit because they’re

afraid of the out.”



“What do you mean?” asked the

contractor. “Afraid of the out.”



“Yes,” said Jack, “you see it’s like

this. That cut runs right along the

side of the Berry Canal. The men are

now working at least twenty feet be-

low the water level. If that bank be—

tween the cut and the canal were to

give way it would be mighty bad for

the men! I heard two of the men talk-

ing about it yesterday.”



“We’ve thought about that,” return-

ed Mr. Emory. “And we set a line of

oak timbers clear along that side, be-

fore we began the work. I told Wal-

ton to watch ‘it. I’ll have a look at it

myself in the morning. Glad you told

me, Jack.”



The contractor went down in the

morning as he had promised Jack. He

and Walton together went over the

narrow strip of ground in question.

The clay bank was six feet wide at the





top, reinforced by strong oak piles,.





. and looked strong enough to resist any

strain that might come from the canal

side.



“I think it’ s safe,” said Walton, “but

it will bear watching.”



“Keep an eye on it, and at’ the first

indication of danger get the men out

of the cut,” said the contractor. “Men

first is the rule.”



' Early that afternoon Walton had ad-

ditional ladders put down on all sides

of the cut.



‘f'lt’s a safe thing to do, anyhow,” he



said, and was pleased that the men on

the job seemed less relentless for the

balance of the day.

. The following day was bright and

warm with a clear sky. The work be-

gan asusual with fifty or more men in

the cut. Along the side of the excava-

tion a steady stream of wagons moved.

They came empty and went away fill-

ed, the arm of the great crane work-

ing With precision under the direction

of [Thomas Up and down the bucket

swung, each time bringing up its full

measure of loosened earth.



Walton took advantage of the fair

day to lower as rapidly as possible the

floor of.the cut in a particularly bad

place near the upper end. At four

o’clock a. strip twenty feet wide across

that end had been put .down ten feet



. below the rest pf the bottom, and



. thirty men were working there. So



, smoothly had everything gone that day



.that all, from foreman to the latest





 





man on the ioh, were appare fly

py over the amount of work done.



Walton came over’ to the engineer

and said:



“Thomas, you are in charge from

now until quitting time. I want to go

up to the office. Keep them going."



“You’ll be an engineer, some day,”

he said as he pa5sed Jack.



The work went on for half an hour

longer with undiminished speed, and





.Jack in a moment’s pause, walked over





to the canal side. As he glanced along

the embankment he thought of former

fears on the part of the men and was

glad nothing had come from them.

Turning back a little later his atten-

tion was drawn to the passing craft in

the river, forty rods down, where the

water of the canal merged with the

main course.



As he looked a coal barge with a

heavy load sheered in toward the

canal and came slowly up on its way

to the coal docks above. A- black

cloud of smoke floated slowly along,

keeping pace with the heavy craft. It

was by no means a novel sight to Jack,

and he could not afterward tell why he

watched it with intense interest, even

failing to hear Thomas as he called

him back to duty.



As the barge came up a private

yacht swung over to the opposite side

of the canal and Jack saw that the

coal boat would pass close to the em-

bankment of the cut. Its displace-

ment sent a heavy swell lapping along

the side of the canal and when oppo-

site the cut this was so high that its

top went over into the digging. Invol-

untarily all hands stopped work and

some of the men started for the lad-

ders. Down in the lower level at the

end of the cut, almost out of Jack’s

sight, the men waited for the next des-

cent of the bucket, and wondered why

it was delayed.



Noting the nearness of the barge

Jack megaphoned his hands and shout—

ed to the master on the vessel’s bridge

and motioned him to swing out into





the stream. The big ship turned slow-.





ly and headed over. As she did so her

stern swung in close to the embank—

ment. Closer and closer she came,

her hulk towering like a house above

the workers in the cut.



“Keep off! Keep off!” shouted Jack,

and Thomas, now alive to the danger,

raved at the captain.



Too late! With a grinding crash the

stern of the barge struck the bank a

hundred feet away from where Jack

stood. It’s massive weight crumpled

the oak posts like so many straws and

ripped open the bank for thirty feet.



The barge forged ahead and as it

did so a deluge of water poured over

and through the opening, the swell

from the big boat, six feet deep, surg-

ing in like the waters of a mill-race.



The twenty men on the floor of the

cut dropped tools and raced for the

ladders. They gained them and Jack

watched as they fought for chances to

struggle up to safety.



Then he caught sight of the men

down on the lower level. There were

thirty of them, and alarmed at the





 





‘break in the embankment. It





 





by the day’s labor, were met by a rush-

of muddy water which swept them off

their feet and back against the end of

the cut. On the slippery floor of clay

not a man could reach the ladders





along the side, and those at the ends





had been taken away to facilitate the

afternoon’s work.

A panic seized them. Some clawed





desperately at the clay bank. Others





shouted ‘to men on the bank above.

With fruitless and frantic efforts they

pushed and stumbled as the water

swirled down upon them ,and Jack

groaned as he saw a man flounder and

then fall.



“They’ll be drowned like rats in a

trap!” shouted Thomas as he realized

the danger. He shook his fist at the

master of the barge,‘who was bringing

his ship to a stop over in the canal.



“He’s lowering a boat!’ ’he cried to

Jack. “Fine help a boat will be to us.”



Jack turned as the ship’s boat struck

the water and sped OVer toward the

gave

him a moment’s hope, but only a mo-

ment, as he surveyed the fall of twen-

ty feet necessary to reach the water in

the cut. No boat could pass through

the cataract at the gap and be of any

service afterward.



The mate in charge of the boat took

one look, backed away, and pulled to.

ward Jack.



“I can t get through!” he shouted to

Jack.



Then the inspiration came to Jack

that saved the lives of thirty men.



“We’ll hoist you over!” he said as

the cars bumped against the bank.

“Catch our ropes and fasten them in

the blocks at the ends of your boat!”

Already, with alm0st lightning speed,

he. had dashed over to Thomas.



“Swing the crane over here!” be

prompted. “We’ll put the ship’s boat

over into the cut!”



Thomas never worked faster in his

life. The engine snorted, the drums

whirred, the cables screamed as the

great arm swung over to the canal

side.



As the bucket struck the ground

Jack leaped up and, unhooking the

swinging handle, threw into the book a

coil of rope. The ends he threw to the

men in the boat. A moment later he

signalled Thomas, “Lift!”



The boat bumped along the oak piles

as the drums were reversed and the

cable strained up.



“Swing!” and the boat swung off in-

to space and poised an instant over

the cut.



“Lower!”

sank.

“Steady!” he signalled as he bent out

over the bank, and the boat came to

rest beside the imperiled men.



The mate and his men did the rest.

They caught the hands of struggling

men and pulled them in one by one.

They got them to a man, hauling the

last one, water soaked and gasping, to

safety, amid the cheers of all.



"‘You saved me some unpleasant and

vertising Jack!” said Mr. Emory, that





said Jack, and down it





noise of the crash and the voices of night. “I’m glad I took you on!”

their companions, they, too, rushed for I .-~

lllllllllllll|llfllllllifllllflflliifllllllllllillllllllllllll[illlllfllllilllWfllflilmmfllflfliflmlflmllllflfllIlllIIIIllllliilllillllllllIlfllllll!llllflllfllllllllllllllflflllillmmmmllllmmmm





Little Farm Fables-— ByAUNT QUILLIA





ADAM WHITE LEGHORN was

M fair to look upon. Slight of



build, sensitive, highly organ-

ized was madam, it is true, but that is

said to be characteristic of the ner-

vous or mental temperament, through

which, phrenologists claim, most of

the fine work of the world is accom-

plished.



It goes without saying that she was

r3stless, eager, and always in a hurry.

She ate faster than others, flew more

rapidly over fences, and was the first

to see when a hawk darkened ‘ the

horizon.



One spring she set about housekeep-

ing long before any other hen had





thought of it. Stealing her nest she

began laying before the first of March,

but when she had laid a dozen eggs a

blizzard came on and froze every one.

This disappointment quite unnerved

her and made her really ill for a few

days. True to her nature, however,

she. soon rallied and selecting a'warm—

or spot in the barn began again.

quota of eggs and had commenced sit-



She had just completed her full

ting, when one evening, having left her

nest for a drink of water, a couple of

greedy barn cats laid hold and sucked

the whole lot. '



Upon her return she nearly col-

lapsed at being thus outwitted. Again





, chicks.





to her rescue and she rallied once

more. This time she wandered off to

a distant creek as the weather had

become warmer, and began making

her nest of dried grass and leaves.

This was in an old kWheat field. Here

she found sufficient grain to live upon

and water was close athand. Being

so charmingly located her responsive

temperament made her so happy that

she could scarcely refrain from ca‘ck—

ling most of the time. Hopeful and

elated beyond measure, she began bus:

iness with renewed courage, and suc-

ceeded in hatching a nest full of fine

While some were hardly es-

caped from the shell and others were

not fully dry, she thought to rest her-

self for a moment by taking a short

stroll. But alas!’ on her return she

found. that a bloodthirsty weasel or

mink had devoured all.



Now she was actually prostrated.

but when able to reach the barnyard

she sought out a quiet old Plymouth

Rock who had the reputation of being

both wise and comforting. She certain-

ly was so calm and complacent in ap-

pearance that naturally she would at-

tract one like White Leghorn Whose

temperament needed a more reposeful

one to rest upon. Besides that, she

was much superior to herself in age

and experience and bore the name of

being an excellent counselor.





One by one, and with dramatic effect

Mistress Leghorn related her troubles.

But what was her surprise and chagrin

to find that at every turn she was con-

fronted with, Eggsactly, eggsactly, my

dear. That was nothing at all. I hatre

been through 'more sieges than that.

Your ‘temperament magnifies your ills.

Cultivate composure and look on the

bright side like myself”



Just here a couple of schoolboys





passed through the barnyard. “I won-

der what a' phiIOSOpher is," said one.»

"‘Well,’ ’replied the other, “I don’t





know, only what I have heard Aunt

Martha say, ‘A philosopher is a per-

son who bears other people’s troubles

with fortitude.’ ”



“You certainly belong to that cult,”

said White Leghorn, and turning her

back on her consoler she walked away.





The Robin and the Worm .





By ROSE COLEMAN





THE theory has lately been ad-

vanced by some prominent or.



nithologists that the success of

therobin in extracting the earthworm

is due to a keenly developed sense of

hearing. Careful observance of the

bird’s method of procedure seems to

make the theoryplausible. Watch the

robin as he hops quietly about on the

lawn. He stops, turns his head to one

side as though listening, hops on a

short distance, stops and listens again.

Suddenly he breaks into the soil with

a few swift strokes of his stout beak,

and immediately drags forth the unfor-

tunate victim. It may take the robin





.several minutes to locate the work,





he may do it in one minute or less.

One careful observer claims to have

seen a single robin take from the soil

ten worms and feed them to a nest of

young birds in a nearby tree, the prom

ess consuming not over ten minutes.



Part of the earthworm’s work con-

sists in burrowing out, with his spe-

cially constructed body, millions of

small tunnels in the 'earth, and when

he, in passing through the tunnels, or





in burrowing out fresh ones, comes





near enough the surface of the ground





'to be detected by the robin, he' is in





great danger of losing a part, if not all,

of his body. Since it is believed to be

impossible for the robin to ' see the

worm in his underground activities,

and since the bird's method bespeaks

an absolute certainty of the worm’s

whereabOuts, it naturally follows that





». he must depend on his auditory nerves





to determine with .such accuracy the

lodging place of the smut tuna er





 





 

   





 





 





 

 

 





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





i..

,.
. quaintance.





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





._ and I noticed that both Liverpool and





 





It was a pleasant hour we passed at

the table, Leayord relieving Olson, but

the girl and I lingering in rather idle

conversation She had learned, from

Dade I presume, something of Bas-

com’s present condition, and I felt

obliged to answer her questions frank-

ly, although I excused the man as

much as possible, and/led the talk in-

to happier channels. However, she

told us more of his history and family,

relating in some detail her former'ac-

I The conversation drifted

idly, and,lwhen assured that Dade was

safely beyond earshot, we spoke brief-

ly of our plans and outlined our fu-

ture. Even Leayord had lost his sus-

picion of the men forward, and ex-

pressed his belief that our voyage

would be without further serious in-

ternal trouble. I' gave him instruc-

tions to change the vessel’s course,

and order an increase of speed when

he returned to take charge of the

deck, and a few moments later noted

with satisfaction that the tell-tale com-

pass overhead indicated that we were

headed straight into the north, and

could feel the throbbing of the en-

gines, and straining of the hull as we

raced. forward.



In spite of the pleasant day, and

that the sun was still visible in the

western sky, the air on deck was chill,

and I returned below for a heavier

coat, and also brought back with me a

Cloak belonging to the late commander





' with which to protect Miss Carrington.





She laughed gaily as I wrapt it about

her shoulders, for it was an old-fash-

ioned garment, evidently picked up in



some foreign port, and retained. as a

curiosity, but its warmth was welcome.

The evening was a beautiful one, the

sky clear, the sea calm, except for the

long ocean swell. But for a faint trail

of smoke far to the westward, barely

visible as the sun sank below the hori-

zon, no evidence was discernible of

any other vessel in the wide circle. I

hailed the lookout in the maintop, but

the wisp of smoke was too far away

for his eyes to determine the course Of

the distant steamer, although as he

swept his glasses a bit farther north-

ward, they became fixed and motion-

less. As I stared up at. him, his voice

reported:



“Sail ho!”



“Where away?”



“About three points off the port bow

sir—a schooner’s topsail.”



“Very well, keep her in sight—a fish-

ing vessel likely.”



Leaydrd leaned'over the poop rail.



. “Shall I change the course, sir? She

might prove something we wouldn’t

care to meet.”



“Certainly not; we’ll not attempt to

dodge every fishing smack, and if that

steamer is heading this way, we will

be miles to the north. before she reach-

es these waters. What is our rate

now?”



“About seventeen knots, sir.”



“Masters is getting the best he can

out of the engines, I presume?”



“The old hooker has never - done

much better to my kn'owledge, sir. She

never was no greyhound, but maybe,

with the wind from that quarter, the

sails might be trimmed to help ’some.”

' “The experiment is worth trying,

Mr. Leayord. Send Olison forward.”



“Aye, aye, sir.”



Bot-h watches were on deck, cluster-

ed in a restless bunch before the fore-

castle, or overhanging the rail, evi-

dently, deeply interested in observing

our efforts to get all possible speed

out‘of the Indian Chief. * The fading

light gave' me glimpse of their faces,





 





" ontraban





Immanummummmummuumummmmmmmummlmu





 





’ ’ RANDALL

‘ PARRISH





 

 





responded readily enough to Olson’s

orders, and sang cheerily as they tailed

'onto the ropes, Liverpool himself lead-

ing the way up the ratlines and out

upon the mainyard as they sheeted

home. The job was rather sInartly

done, and the canvas bellied out so

stiffly that I suspected there was more

wind aloft than was felt on deck. Ol-

son remained forward, and we could

hear his voice assigning the men to

various tasks as they returned to the

deck.



“Is that all,

from above.





sir?” asked Leayord





“All at present; very smartly done





at that; nota bad crew now they’re

sober.”



“There are sailormen among ’em,

sir. Shall I send the port watch below

now?”



“Not yet; Mr. Olson seems to be

finding work for all hands, and they

are better off kept busy. Perhaps the

ship would ride easier, Mr. Leayord, if

you let her head off a point—there is

some danger of straining the steering

gear."



“Aye, aye, sir—let her off a point,

Carlson; easy now.”



The stars began to pop out in the

arch of sky above, silvering the wa-

ters, and we could no longer perceive

what was taking place forward. The

night shades settled about us, and the

staunch Indian Chief drove her sharp

bows through the black waste of sea

in a race to cross the zone of danger

before coming of another dawn. Ap-

parently everything was in our favor,

and I stood there, leaning against the

rail, chatting with Miss Vera,lour con-

versation drifting idly. Darkness shad-

owed us, with only a bit of deck re-

vealed by the faint light streaming

through the glass of the companion.

The riding lamps were lit, as I prefer-

red to take chances, assured that we

were alone'in that expanse of ocean.

Things grew quiet forward, and Olson

returned aft, pausing a' moment to re-

port to me, before clambering up the

ladder to rejoin Leayord.



It must have been after nine when

the girl left, complaining of being

chilled even in the protection of the

great cloak. I crossed the deck with

her to the head of the stairs, and our

hands clasped as we lingered there a

moment, the dim light revealing her

face uplifted toward mine.



“Your are not going below, then,

Mr- Hollis?” she questioned. “Surely

all goes well?”



“SO remarkably well,” I admitted,

“as to rather puzzle me. No, I shall

remain on deck until morning; not

that I really anticipate trouble, but the

entire responsibility rests with me.”



“You do not feel that your officers

are efficient?”



“Only within their limits of knowl-

edge. I like the men, and trust them,

but at that. they are only promoted

from before the mast in an emergency.

Neither possess any real knowledge of

seamanship. Youcan go to your berth

and go to sleep, Miss Vera, assured

that theship will be in safe hands.”



“I know it will, if you remain on

deck,” she answered earnestly. “I——‘-

I have learned to trust you ”



“In seamanship. 9” I asked bantering-

ly. “Why my ability in that line has





' scarcely been tested as yet.”





~“I do not mean seamanship altogeth-

er. Yet I have had experience enough

at sea to recognize a‘sailor. But it is

in everything I trust you, Mr. Hollis.

Really I——I think I have felt that way

from the first.”



“On the Esmeralda?”



“Yes, even then. That was only a





lark, a joke, and »I had to keep hidden

until the right . moment.~-I~ didnot avoid





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





, you from any lack of faith in your dis-





.cretiOn—but to remove you from temp-





: tation. "





,. “Very nicely put; but the real temp-

tation was not to reveal your presence

on board. ”



“You confessed you questioned my

father "



“True, yet in a most indirect man-

ner. My sole object was to keep your

discovery to myself.”



“Isn’t that foolish! .I have heard of

you before, Mr. Hollis, but never as a

lady’s man.”



“Yet surely I am not so old as to be

exempt. No doubt my gray hairs—”



“Oh, have you any?”



“You pretend not to notice, but I am

quite well aware of their existence my-

self. Probably deep down in your con-

sciousness I am considered almost an

antidiluvian.”



“Why? Am I such a child?”



“The point of view, you know. You

are young enough so that fifteen years

must seem to you an age.”



“Are you fifteen years older than I?”



“I suspect as much, and the thought

of what that must mean to you is—

well, almost embarrassing.”



She laughed, withdrawing her hand

from .mine; and resting it on the stair

rail.



“Why, really I never once thought

of that. Do you knowlhave not asso-

ciated very much with those of my

own age, so, perhaps, I fail to realize

that a few years constitute a barrier.

You—you have been so nice to me,

Mr. Hollis, I have never noticed a sin-

gle gray hair.”



“Nevertheless they are there to be

Seen.”



“I do not care, sir! If you were as

gray as my father you would be just

the same man you are to me.” She

hesitated, as though suddenly realizing

that she was speaking very freely.

“Perhaps I venture too far, but we did

not meet in a drawing- room; there are

no strict social rules out here to pre-

vent my speaking the truth. You have

served me, Mr. Hollis; you are serving

me now, and I am grateful. I do not

want you to think of me as a silly

girl; I am a woman, and I feel and

think as a woman.”





“Did I appear to imply otherwise?”



"I thought, perhaps, you did. It may

have been all imagination, but it has

seemed to me that your whole manner

has changed since you learned that I

was Vera Carrington. When you con-

sidered me a mere nameless waif, a

stowaway on the yacht, you were a

thoroughly good fellow. We talked

then with no constraint between us;

we were just ourselves. Why should

there be a difference?” .



“You are Miss Carrington?”



“Well, what of it!” indignantly. “Is

that going to rob me all my life of my

freedom to be a real woman? Believe

me, I get enough of that sort of thing

ashore. What good are my father’s

millions out here, or my social position

in New York? You did not save me





. from the sinking Esmeralda because I





was Gerald Carrington’s daughter.”



“I do not mean to displease you,” I

said earnestly. “Surely you cannot

consider me a snob, or any mere wor-

shipper of wealth.”





“No, I do not. You err the other

way. You are so afraid that I might

imagine you were interested in me be-

cause of these things, that you fail to

be natural. You liked me on the Es-

meralda, and when we were adrift in

the boat?” 4



“I certainly did.”



“You were not afraid to show it,

ashamed to let me realize.

are. Yet, Mr.'Hollis, I am exactly the

same woman. I am alone on this ship,

dependent entirely upon your courtesy.

The circumstances do not justify any

misunderstanding between us; certain-

ly no silly barriers of social rank, or

wealth. I want the old friendship of

the openboat, when. I. was merely Miss

Vera to you—a waif of the sea. I—I





, I





Now you '





cannot explain what I. mean, but—but

this sort of thing maddens me.”



I endeavored toanswer, to stop her,

but, before I could do either, she had'

flung open the companion door and ran.

down the stairs. The next moment,

without even glancing about, the girl

vanished within her stateroom.





I stared down into the dimly lighted,

deserted cabin, startled by her impetu- '

ous words, her sudden disappearance.

I had not previously realized that my

actions toward her had so noticeably

changed. I wanted to tell her so, and

even took a step downward with the

purpose of rapping at her closed door,

yet conquered the inclination, and re-

turned to the open deck. I could serve

her best there; and tomorrow—tomor-

row she should be made to know the

depth of my interest. Never until then

as I 'stood there alone, gazing out

across the rail over the black sea, the

memory of her face before me, did I

grasp the influence she had upon me.

Into the very depths of my being her

words out, and brought pain and joy.





 





CHAPTER XXI.

In the Hands of the Crew.





HE hours of the night gave me



ample opportunity for thought,



and careful consideration. The

wind held steady, and while the sea

roughened somewhat this slight change

was not sufficient to diminish our pro-

gress, or cause any swerving from the

course set. All remained quit forward,

the watch on deck finding little to do

other than their routine duties, and no

member of the crew had any occasion

to come aft, except those detailed to

the wheel. There seemed no reason

why I should remain on deck, as Lea-

yord and Olson proved themselves

thoroughly competent in handling the

vessel, yet the responsibility, rested

upon me, and the importance of the

night’s run prevented my having any

wish to retire below. However, I

found no occasion to interfere with

the operation of the ship, and remain-

ed mostly on the main deck, where my

watchfulness assured me there was no

communication passed between fore-

castle and cabin.





Only twice during the night did we

have evidence that we were traversing

the steamer lane. Once a light shot

out over our starboard quarter, but so

far away as to give us no uneasiness.

Again and again I watched it flash

along the sky, possibly the reflection

of some distant searchlight on a man-

of- war, but, at last, even this vanished

as we swept steadily forward into the

north. Some considerable time after

midnight the lights of a steamer east-

bound appeared off our port bow, and

we hushed our engines, barely holding

steerage~way, until the great liner pass-

ed us at full speed, her ports darken-

ed, appearing the merest gray shadow

as she swept between us and the dim

line of horizon. The officer on her

bridge may have had a phantom . '

glimpse of our outlines, for her siren

suddenly shrieked a wild challenge,

across the black water. But there was

no slackening of speed, and, within a

few moments, the last glimmer of light

disappeared, and we had resumed our.

course, with engines at full speed. 01-

son, on watch, leaned over the rail,

and spoke to me on the main deck

below.



“A Cunard liner, sir.”



“That would be my guess, Mr. 01-

son; which proves that we are on the,

northern edge of the steamer lane.

rThey had a glimpse of us.”



“I doubt if they were quite sure, sir.

A lookout saw our shadow, but they

took no chances. They’ll argue about





'it all day to morrow on those decks.”





“Ay, and no doubt report a narrow

escape from a German raider, in the

log. Perhaps they are sending the , ,

news wireless now ” .



“It wouldn't have to travel far, sir.

There’ s a warship somewhere out yen V
der—did you See the Searchlight an

hour ago?" ‘ '

. “Yes; but we ought to have the fel-

low hull down before daylight; we

must be doing eighteen or nineteen

' knots now.”



“All 0’ that, sir; an’ if you notice

it’s mistin’ up a bit.” ‘



This was true enough, as I verified

by a trip to the port rail, and the fog

grew steadily more dense, until at

dawn we were steaming recklessly

through a thick cloud of Vapor, barely

able to observe the surface of the sea,

dull, sodden gray, a few yards in ad-

vance of our bow. The dense, watery

folds swept along our sides, and the

rigging dripped moisture onto the

glistening deck planks. It was a.

gloomy, dreary morning enough, and,

even as the light of early dawn

strengthened, I could scarcely distin-

guish a thing forward of the main

mast. However ,there was no slowing

up of speed, or sounding of siren. Con-

vinced that we were now safely to the

north of the usual course of ships, I

preferred to take the chance of possi-

ble collision. The remembrance of

that warship to the southwest, and of

the wireless message which might

have been sent out from the suspicious

Cunarder, urged me to accept the un—

known danger lurking amid the gloom

ahead, rather than chance the more

certain peril hovering astern. Silently,

without a light glimmering, at the ex-

treme of our speed limit, the Indian

Chief plunged headlong through the

gray, butting the mist aside. Occasion

ally Leayord, on watch, hailed the

lookout forward, and the response

came echoing back, a. mere thread of

sound. But otherwise there was noth-

ing to hear, or see. Even the sails

were obscured, the lower yards a mere

shadow, wreather about by gray mist,

while the boats hanging in the davits

appeared shapeless and grotesque.





My eyes were heavy from lack of

sleep, and long staring out through the

black night; my senses dulled by hours

of inaction, during which nothing un-

usual had occurred to arouse me to a

realization of impending danger. I no

longer even suspicioned trouble, or

any active hostility forward. If mu-

tiny was being considered some symp-

toms would surely be apparent before

now; an effort would have been made

to communicate with McCann at least,

and yet I was assured that no such at-

tempt had been made. No one could

have crossed that open space of deck

unseen, either from forecastle or cab

in, and the light burning in the latter

enabled me to see every foot of its

interior. With the dawn the density

of fog enwrapping us seemed to in-

crease, and completely blot out every

glimpse of sea and sky. Even Lea-

yord leaning over the rail just above

me, could scarcely be distinguished as

a man, and evidently his eyes could

not make me out at all, for he hailed

doubtfully:



“Are you still on deck, Mr. Hollis?”



“Yes,” I answered, staring up at his

shadow. “A bad fog.”



“It is, sir. Would we better reduce

speed? It’s a blind gamble what may

be ahead of us.”



"No, not yet; I am counting on open

water, and would rather chance strik-

ing a stray, than risk being overhauled

by a British cruiser. The sun will

split this mist before noon, and mean-

while we must make all the northing

possible. There is no storm brewmg?"



“I think not, sir; the glass register-

ed fair when I came on watch.”



“ I know; ,I looked at it myself an

hour ago. We’ll hold on then just as

we are for the present. If my figures

are right there ought not to be a ship

yonder for five hundred miles.”



“There’ s likely to be floating ice,

sir.”

. “Scarcely so far down at this time

. ‘of year, Mr. Leayord, and the drift



would be nearer the Newfoundland

we are well to the east of that





 

 





danger. I’ll go forward, and have a‘

word with the lookout.” ' .



I heard his “aye, aye, sir,” as I

crossed to the port rail. The vessel

plunged a little in the roll of the

waves, making a handhold safer when

one could scarcely see a yard ahead,

and the deck underfoot was slippery

with moisture. I had reached a point

nearly opposite the broken stump of

the foremast, when I was suddenly

cenfronted by two blurred figures,

emerging noiselessly from the deeper

shadow cast by a quarter boat swing-

ing in davits. The fellows must have

known who I was, and the path of my

approach; no doubt had been close

enough aft to overhear my conversa-

tion with Leayord. At least they were

on me almost before I truly realized

their near presence—the one gripping

the arm I flung up in startled defense;

the other driving his fist straight into

my face, a sledge hammer blow which

sent me crashing back full length on

the deck. Stunned, dazed as I was by

this vicious attack, I made an instant’s

struggle, but was quickly crushed back,

a merciless hand gripping my throat.

Almost at the same moment the revol-

ver was removed from my pocket, the

cold muzzle thrust against 'my cheek.



“Lie still,” muttered a tense voice,

and I knew the speaker for Jim White,

“or I’ll blow the whole top 0’ yer

head off.”



I retained sense enough to obey,

White’s knee pinning me to the deck,

but some sound of my fall must have

carried aft, for Leayord sung out

through the fog:



“Forward there!

racket about?”



White’s fingers choked me into help-

less silence, his knee crunching hard

into my breast. It was Liverpool Red

who answered sullenly:



“I knocked over a capstan bar, sir;

never saw it in the bloomin’ fog.”



Leayord growled something, the

words failing to carry -to us against

the wind, but a moment later, satisfied

that no further investigation was to

be made, Liverpool thrust White aside,

and lifted me to my feet, his eyes glar-

ing into mine.



“One whimper from you, an’ yer ov-

erboard,” he muttered hoarsely. “Take

it from me we know what we’re about.

Come on now, an’ don’t attempt nuth—

in’. There’s nobody forard here ter





What’s all that





give yer a hand. Take him by the col- ,





lar, Jim.”



With White’s hand gripping me, and

my own revolver at my head, any at-

tempt to break away would have been

simply suicide. The thick fog hid the

scene from those on watch aft, and

that the two men were reckless and

desperate, their plans well laid, was

evident. The gray light revealed their





faces, and there was no mercy in the .





scowling eyes.



“Forward yer go, sir!” growled

White, his fingers twisted in the jack-

et collar. "It’s. little more yer’l have

ter say aboard this hooker."



“What do you propose doing?

is mutiny, men.”



“To h—«l with the mutiny. It’s War,

an’ we’re Englishmen; this ship’s load-

ed with war stuffs, bound fer Germany.

That sort 0’ talk means nuthin——-so

come on, and stow the gaff.”



They forced me around the bulk of

the Windlass to the head of the fore-

castle steps, slid back the door in its

grooves, thrust me staggering down

into the murky depths below. A slush

light, swinging to a blackened beam

in the-deck above, cast a ghastly yel-

lowish glare over the interior, reveal-

ing to me at least two-thirds of the

crew, clustered about, evidently await-

ing some such event. Hairy faces

peered out from bunks, and men were

sprawled about on boxes and the deck.

The place was damp and smelly, the

odor of oil mingling with bilge water,

and sodden clothing clinging swinging

to wooden hooks on the side walls.





This





For an instant the dirt and filth, com- '





 





‘bined with mmm of mm





 

 





sel under foot, almost sickened me,

and I grasped the upright of a’ berth

to keep erect, my eyes seeking to dis-‘

tinguish the faces, rendered scarcely

visible by the miserable light. White

held to my collar, but Liverpool closed

the entrance, shutting out even that

faint breath of pure air,‘ before speak-

ing a word.



“Well, we’ve ’got the main guy, lads,

an’ no shiudy,” he said cheerfully, “an’

a gun came with him. Now a few 0'

us will see if we can persuade the first

mate into taking a trip forward.” '



“Where’s Billy Olson?” asked a

voice.



“Oh, he’s asleep below; there’s lots



0’ time to attend to him, 'an’ we’ll let

the engine-room gang alone till we get

control 0’ the deck. Simms, you an’

Harris better come along with Jim an’

me on this job. Leayord is a husky

buck, an’ we might not get him foul

like we caught Hollis here. We don’t

want to hurt nobody unless we have

to. Where’s the nigger, Watson?”



“Right hyar, sar.” '



“Come on, then; it’s your trick at

the wheel in five minutes; the rest 0'

you fellers know yer business.”



The five men slipped out cautiously,

sliding the door shut behind them, and

I stared about into the faces of those

left with me, still dazed by the rough

handling to which I had been subject-

ed, yet fully aroused to the fact that

the attack on me had come from no

sudden impulse, but was the first step

in a carefully formed plan to gain pos-

session of the ship. Whatever might

be the secret purpose of those leading

the revolt, their first intention was to

overpower the officers ,and attain con-

trol. My duty was to warn the men aft

of the approaching danger. How

should I act-1’

could I pursue to win my liberty? In

a vague way I knew most of the faces

of those grouped about me, but could

recall only a few names. They were

a rough lot, typical foremast hands,

many of them of pronounced foreign

appearance, yet there was nothing es-

pecially vicious about them. Ordinarily

they would obey orders without a com-

plaint, but now they were evidently

under full control of their leaders; yet

the expression of their faces bespoke

curiosity rather than hatred. Deter-

mined to test them I straightened up,

and placed a foot on the lower step.



“None 0’ that now,” a voice growled

as a hand gripped my arm. “Turn him

around, Bill, so he won’t be tempted

none to make a £001 0’ himself. Now,

Mister, you don’t want ter git hurt,

do yer?”



I faced the speaker, 11 big two-fisted

giant with a red face, and a slow drawl

in his voice. V

“You mean to hold me here?”

“Sure; we’ve gone too far on this

job now fer to back down. The lads

are off ter bag the first mate. Thar’d

be a. fine time if we turned you loose.”



“You’re an Irishman?”



“’Twould be hard for a Dugan to

deny that, sor.”



“Well, Dugan, yook here—you and

your mates. You are sailormen, and

know the rules of the sea. This is

mutiny, and a mighty serious affair to

be caught in, lads.” .



“We’re not lookin’ at it that way,

Mister Hollis. We shipped for a peace-

ful voyage, not to run no cargo 0’ con-

traband fer the Dutch. This yere In-

dian Chief is chock full 0’ munitions

o’ war—ain’t that the truth, sor?”



“Yes,” I admitted, “but shipped be-

fore war was declared. The sick man

back there in the cabin has his whole

fortune in this venture.”



“What do we care for .him, 1111’ his

fortune. The point is, we’re not Dutch-

men, an’ in wartimes it’s no mutiny

fer a crew to capture an We ship.”



“Who told you that?" "



“Never mind who told no:

truth, ain’t it?”



“Under some circumstances it, might





it’s the





 





 





What possible course ‘





 





ring of faces. “But the present





tions do not justify any such action;

Now look here, Dugan; you fellows-

are in a mighty bad boat in this mat-1

ter.. You’re merchant. seamen; you’ve.





signed on, for a. peaceful voyage, and

it is no business of yours what’s below

hatches. That’s for the warships to

find out. The Indian Chief is under

American register. She’s a neutral

boat, and your act is mutiny on the

high seas. You know what that will

mean to you, and your mates, don't

you, if you’ re ever caught?”



“Who says that?” 7



,“I do; and I know more of sea law

than any of those fools who are steer-





man on board here, and it is murder,





ing you into this trouble. You kill a.

and the whole bunch of you can be

made to swing for it. Men have got

life for less than you have done now.

But I’ll give you a chance."



"What chance, sort”! ‘ '



"To stand by the ship. Set me free

now, and back up the officers in main-

taining discipline aboard, and not one

of your names goes into the log.”



“An’ sail the bloomin" hooker to

Hamburg?”



“Of course; that’s the port you sign-

ed on for.”



There was an uneasy shuffling of

feet, and a muttering of voices. The

light was too poor to enable me to de-

cipher the expressions! on the faces of

the men, yet I felt that my words were

wasted. Dugan, however, voiced the

prevailing sentiment.





“Not a one ov’ us is fer makin’ that

voyage,” he said, grimly. “So stow

yer tongue, mate.” He winked at me

facetiously, then glanced about at the

others. “There’s bigger wages comin’

to us now than ever we signed on for.”





 





CHAPTER XXII.

Held a Prisoner.

HESE words, and the laughter

with which they were greeted,

made clear to my mind the

whole truth of the uprising. It was

not so much the destination of the

ship, or the nature of our cargo, which

accounted for the widespread spirit of

mutiny aboard, as it was the McCann

money. These other things had been

used to influence the men, to convince

them that they had a right to seize

the veSsel, and refuse to continue the

voyage, but it was the glitter of the

McCann gold which had won converts

to this theory.



Liverpool and White were playing

for high stakes, no doubt with a fixed

sum offered for their services; perhaps

had already been handed enough to

scatter among the crew to inflame their

passions. That would be easy, as no

large sum would be necessary to in-

duce them to repudiate a voyage al—

ready distasteful to the most of them.

The sight of a little real money, coup-

led with the promise of more, would

be sufficient to turn the trick. One

thing was certain—no argument of

mine, no threat of punishment, would

have any present effect on the fellows.





While there might be among them'





some who would listen to reason, this

big Irish brute of a Dugan had control,

and he could only be overcome by

physical force.



There flashed through my mind a

vision of what was already occurring

on deck—the five men creeping silently

aft through the fog until they attained

the nearest sopt possible without be-

ing observed by Leayord. Of the negro

climbing the side-ladder, ostensibly to

take his trick at the wheel, the first

mate never suspecting any other pur-

pose in his approach. No doubt the

other wheelsman was in the plot, and

stood ready to give a hand, and it was

quite likely Watson would have my re-

volver hidden in his shirt. ,At the

first sign of action’the four men-below

would swarm up the ladder, and Lea-

yord taken completely by surprise, a

gun at his hood. would be





 

 





 





!

TI
. 11”,.“ ,.

w "





' hair was matted with blood.





I





The very thought maddened me,"

drove me to desperation. We had

been outwitted, completely deceived.

The one, and only hope, lay in my es‘

cape; in my raising‘an alarm in suffi-

cient time to warn Leayord of danger.

He was a fighting man, and armed;

one cry would put him on his guard,

and his position on the poop would

enable him to put up a strong defense.

These thoughts flashed through my

mind as I stood there, staring into Du-

gan’s face. I dared not glance about,

or seem to harbor any plan of escape,

yet I knew that all was clear between

me and the three steps leading to the

deck, and that the sliding door was

not hooked. The fellows were gath-

ered closely about us in a half circle,

Dugan alone being within reach of my

arm. The only weapon I saw was a

sea boot beside a chest to the right.

The fellow must have felt some vague

glimmer of my purpose, for he gripped

my shoulder, his iron fingers pinching

the flesh.



“None 0’ that now,” hoarsely. “You

can’t fight the whole—”



I struck him with all the force I

could throw into the swift blow, and

he went staggering back into the ring

of men, his handsclawing at the air.

But for their bodies the fellow would

have measured his length on the deck.

The force of his fall, the unexpected

suddenness of it, for the instant stun-

ned the others, and gained me oppor-

tunity. With one leap I had the heavy

boot in my hand, and swung it crash-

ing against the face of the fellow be-

tween me and the lower step. He went

over like a stricken bullock. A hand

gripped for me, but missed its hold;

there was a roar of anger, a rush of

bodies, and above all other sounds Du-

gan’s voice howling madly:



“Stop him, yer tarriers! Crack him

on ther head.” » '



I stumbled over the body on the

lower step, yet had reached the door,

before the first man gripped my leg.

I broke loose from his fingers, yet the

instant of delay blocked escape. They

were on me, their faces barely visible

in the dim light, and I fronted them,

fighting for life, striking fiercely with

the great sea boot, its ironed heel a

terrible weapon. Twice men fell, but

there were too many of them, nor

could I protect my rear. They swarm—

ed to either side, and clambered up be-

hind me; the low beams of the upper

deck permitting no swing to my arms;

one fellow gripped my feet, and anoth-

er leaped at my throat. I was tripped,

and flung headlong, the full weight of

a man’s body crashing down on top of

me. Then came oblivion. ,



How long I remained unconscious I

never knew, but it must have been

some hours, for when I struggled back

to a vague sense of life once more I

was alone, lying on a mattress in a

bunk. It was with a decided effort of

will that I succeeded in opening my

eyes, although I had been conscious

for some time of the steady pulsations

of the engines, and the rising and fall-

ing of the vessel, as though we were

combatting a heavy sea. My head

throbbed with pain, and I managed to

lift one hand, assuring myself that my

I felt

drowsy, dazed, scarcely interested; nor

could I for the moment recall exactly

what had occurred. Where was I?

Had I met with some accident?. It was

only gradually that the vision began

to reflect upon my mind-the attack

on deck; the struggle in the forecastie,

.and then Vera Carrington. It was her

face, her memory which aroused life,

and gave me back the strength to

struggle. The fate of the ship was of

small. importance to me, but the girl

left alone and helpless among these

ruflians, was a thought so filled with

horror as to, draw me back from the

verygetee of death. What had hap-





 





‘pened ?fiWas'the Indian Chief already“





in the control ofthemutineers? ~How

long had I been lying here uncon-

scious, and where were we .in the

great solitude of ocean?



I forced my eyes open, finding at

first the light blinding, and for an in-

stant stared up through a red mist.

Gradually normal sight came back, and

I realized that I rested in a bunk, gaz-

ing upward at the white-painted bot-

tom of another. There was a splash

of sunshine on‘ the side wall, and I

slowly turned my head toward the op-

en port through which it streamed.

Then I knew where I was lying—in

the captain’s stateroom. Why had I

been brought there? What object

could those villains have for giving

me these quarters if they were really

in control of the ship? Perhaps they

were not; perhaps Leayord and Olson

had been warned of danger in time to

overcome them, and still retained com-

mand. That would account for my

phesence—but, if this was true, why

was I left alone, uncared for? I could

not reconcile myself to be thought

that the girl would fail to be beside

me if she was free. I had served her,

and she was not the kind to desert a

friend. And she was my friend; if

nothing more I could at least claim,

and rely upon her friendship.





Then what? I must be a prisoner,

helpless, left alone to recover, or die,

however the affair terminated. No,

hardly that. No doubt the fellows

knew that my wounds were not mor.

tal; that I had received merely bodily

blows and would return to conscious-

ness without aid. But why had they

brought me here?’ Gradually the con-

ception of their purpose dawned—a

navigator; the need of ‘a navigator.

Without me they were helpless; with-

out my knowledge and skill not one on





board could tell Where they were, or"





how to shape the course of the vessel.

I was a necessity to them; in a way I

held the villains still in my power;

they dare not let me die—not yet! I

cannot explain the new life this

thought brought to me. I seemed to

feel the strength of it injected into my

veins, and I rose up on one elbow, and

then, encouraged by this effort, swung

my feet over the edge of the bunk,

and rested them on the deck. The

hands of my watch told me it was after

eleven, and, through the port hole, I

could see the great green surges, their

crests tipped with white spray glisten-

ing in the sun. The early fog had van.

ished, and the sky was deep blue.

Nothing in the stateroom appeared

disturbed, but occasionally I could hear

the crunch of a heavy foot overhead

on the deck. I got to my feet, cling-

ing to the berth, and swaying weakly

at first, but gaining strength with

every movement. The chart still lay

on the deck, our course pricked on it

up until noon of the day before, and

the telltale compass told me the ship’s

bow was still pointed northward. I

clawed my way across to the door, and

tugged at the latch. It was locked.





This discovery ytanished the least

doubt. The men had won, and were

in full possession. Whatever had been

the fate of the others,.of Leayord, Ol-

son, Masters, Bascom, or any remain-

ing loyal; whether they were dead or

alive, they had been rendered helpless.

Fergus McCann was in control by vir-

tue of his money, and his chosen lieu-

tenants were Liverpool Red and .Jim

White. What their object might prove

to he remained to be learned;but they

must seek some obscure port, or some

safe spot for shipwreck, sacrificing ev-

erything else to their own safety—and

to accomplish thisthey must use me.

Lord! I gripped that idea strongly

enough, my brain clearing as, I real-

ized the important part I must still as-

sume in this odd sea tragedy. Perhaps

I could not save the Indian Chief, but

there was hope yet that I might be in-

strumental in preserving the lives of

those whom my carelessness had im-





 





pei‘il‘ed} It" would “have ‘ to be wit“ I

must rely upon—not weapons, or phy-

sical strength. I must meet these

scheming villains with a' clear head,

and a carefully thought out plan.





There was water in the checks of W'





the iron wash stand, and I bathed my

face, scrubbing as best I could the con-

gealed blood from my hair. The wound

on my head had bled freely, but was

not serious, and the application of cold

water lessened the pain, and helped

to restore my faculties. A fine breeze

swept in through the open port, and I

sat down on a stool to gather together

in my mind every detail which might

prove of future value. I was still sit-

ting there, but by then alert and ready,

when a key turned in the lock, and the

door was cautiously opened. McCann’s

face appeared in the opening, but his

eyes were upon the bunk, and he failed

to observe me where I sat beyond the

desk. He took a step Within, still star-

ing at the rumpled blankets, and I

had a glimpse of the inflamed counte.

nance of Liverpool just beyond his

shoulder.



“Great scott!” he ejaculated _infla

startled voice. “The fellow’s not here;

he’s got away!”





Red laughed, and pushed past, but .





still blocked the door with his great

body.



“Got away! where could he have got

to with the door locked? He’s here

all right.” 0



I stodd up and faced the) two, the

desk still between us, but took the pre-

caution to grip the stool by one leg.





“I am certainly present,” I said cold-

ly, “if your reference is to me; but I

advise you both to keep your distance.

I’ll brain the first man who attempts

to lay hand on me.”





Red must have felt the challenge of

my words, and I could tell he was in

liquor by the vivid flame of his face.

An oath broke from his lips.



“You tried that before; ’twill pay yer

to be civil now.”



“There were some ragamuffins who

‘tasted the weight of my blow,” I an-

swered, “and I only hope it may be

your turn next, you dirty dog of a

mutineer.” '





“You’ll git no chance to ever break

yer stool on me,” he roared, jerking a

revolver from his jacket. “Do yer see

that? Well, we’ve got the ship—”





McCann grasped his sleeve.



“Let up on that, Red," he said short-

ly, his voicehavlng a tone of command

in it, which surprised me. “We didn’t

come here to beat up Hollis, but to

talk with him. This is my game."



The other did not resist, only to mut-

ter behind his teeth. The gun still

glistened in his hand, but I felt no fear

of the fellow, and returned the stool to

the deck.



“Tell me what you mean, and be

brief about it.”



McCann’s eyes met mine, and I read

in them uncertainty. He was not yet

quite sure that he had my measure;

how far I would resist, or what form

my opposition would take. Perhaps

for the moment money did not seem to

him quite so important a weapon as he

had found it elsewhere.



“I’m sorry the crew beat you up the

way they did,” he began apologetically.

“They are a rather rough set—”



“Don’t waste your time over that,” I

interrupted in disgust. “I can deal

with an out-and-out fighter, and still

respect him, but your kind only engen~

ders disgust. There is no love lost

between us, Fergus McCann, so state

your purpose plainly and without

lying.” '



“All right, I will,” he snapped, “and

I’ll put it straight enough this time to

satisfy you. The only reason I don’t

let Liverpool kill you is that you are

more valuable to me alive. I’ve hated

some in my time, but there never was

a cur I despised worse than I do you.”



“Thanks,” I said quietly, “I am hon-

ored.”



(Continued next week).





 

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

 





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sist of pictures and statuary; that

the artist is not necessarily one who

makes either pictures or statues, but

that art consists in putting ourselves

into our work, whether the work be

painting a picture or making a mixing

bowl.



I do not remember that Ruskin went

farther and said that the woman who

‘made a fine loaf of bread, or canned

beans and peas so they would keep in-

definitely and be satisfactory in flavor

is also an artist. But I know that were

he here to be asked about the matter

he would unhesitatingly say “Yes.” He

would go farther and apply the rule to

every line of human endeavor. For

art can find its expression in any form

of work.



We had a cooking teacher in college

who washed dishes like an artist, and,

much to the disgust of some of the

girls, insisted that they do likewise.

There was a regular way to do it, cer-





f tain towels for glass, others for silver,'





others for fine china, others for porce-



. , lain, and, of course, still others for



‘N pots and pans. Needless to say, there



‘ ' were two or three dishcloths, and no



end of polishing and scrubbing. Some



of the girls took kindly to the method,



they were the artists. Others slighted



their work as much as possible and



sniffed at so much “puttering.” but



the girls who took pains didn’t “just



hate dishwashing.” They actually en-



joyed it. And their finished work



showed that they did. No fear of put-



ting a half-dried or greasy dish before



company when those artists did the



, work. And contrariwise, those who



.4} " half did the work hated to do it, and



" ‘ ' their work showed it. It fell far short

of “blue ribbon” merit.



Have you ever noticed that good



workers always love their work, and



, , . that men and women who are shiftless



1‘; .1,’ and slight their job always hate what



. they are doing?



. hate work as work; they may not be



‘ lazy. But the thing in hand evidently



is not the task at which they can best



express themselves. They are not



artists in their profession, but merely



inept copyists. Perhaps if they were



given something else to do they might



put themselves into it. And without



a do‘ubt if they put themselves into



what they were doing, if they did not



only their best but tried to do a little



better than anyone else they would de-



velop a liking for their task and in the



end become artists.



That is why there are so many poor

housekeepers today, so many women

who'do not like their chosen or ap-

pointed task. They do not put them-

selves into their work. Just plain

housekeeping is so deadly prosaic. It

is not half so fascinating as marching

and organizing and lecturing and



preaching and singing, or just, even

just pleasuring. But it’s ever so much

more important. And it gives ten

times as much opportunity to display

one’s talent as any of the other fields

, ‘ of labor outside of the arts strictly so-

2, called.

‘ . What is more beautiful in color than

a glass of currant jelly perfectly made?

And isn’t the brown of a “done to a

. turn” loaf of bread as “warm and de-





 





 





Perhaps they do not,





 





lightful” as any of the browns of

woods and fields that artist folks rave

about? Best of all, these works of art

are useful aside from their aesthetic

value. A slice of home-made bread,

real butter and currant jelly is far

more apt to lead a sinner to repent-

ance, if he happens to be hungry, than

a dozen poor copies of the Madonna.

There is an artistic way to make a

bed. Who can not conjure up a vision

of pleasant dreams at sight of a bed

with sheets and coverlids smoothed

free of wrinkles and neatly spread in

place? I’ll grant you that one can

imagine nightmares, too, just by look-

ing at a bed with coverings wrinkled

and pulled awry, and pillows jammed

down any old way. But the art dis-





 





Eggs;





......





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘\





 





treble scallops, should measure twenty-

four inches. The plate doilys should

measure twelve inches, and may have

the same edge as the nine-inch size.



The illustrated doily measures nine

inches in diameter, its linen center be-

ing four and a half inches across. This

circle may be marked out With a com-

pass or any circular object. Place the

linen in the sewing machine, from

which the thread has been removed,

and stitch very close to its edge, us-

ing these holes through which to make

single crochet stitches (sc sts) around

the edge.



For the next row chain (ch) 5, and

triple crochet (tc) 1 into the 2nd st in

advance. Ch 2, to 1 into 2nd st in

advance again, and continue to do this

all around the circle.



Third Row.'—Ch 3, to 2 into space

between two of previous tc sts. Ch 2,





“\Ms





by}.- 3 . »: ‘

WJ- ‘fix quanta w»-





“i’ .





Nineuinch Plate Doily.





played in the latter case would have

to be classed as cubist.



Art is the expression of one’s self

through our work, broadly speaking.

In that case, what sort of a self are

you expressing? Is it one to be proud

of, as revealed in perfectly done tasks,

however simple? Or are you of the

class who begin to make excuses when

the Master Artist passes along to in-

spect your work?



DEBORAH.





LUNCHEON SET [N CROCHET.





 





Housewives very frequently hesitate

about undertaking anything in the

fancy work realm so seemingly preten-

tious as a crocheted luncheon set be-

cause of a lack of leisure time, much

as they delight in the possession of

such articles. The illustration shows

a bread and butter plate doily from

such a set 'which can be made in a

comparatively short time, and without

the close attention to detail which is

necessitated by patterns requiring the

counting of many stitches. The de-

sign is equally satisfactory for single

pieces, and one of the very desirable

features is the ease with which the

pattern may be increased or diminish-

ed for any sized doily or centerpiece,

the work being built up directly from





the linen center. After the routine has





been learned from one of the smaller

doilys it will be an easy matter to con-

tinue with the others. For\ the little

tumbler doilys, which should measure

about six inches across, one or two

rows of the triple crochet may be omit-

ted. The centerpiece, which may be

increased by a row or two of the triple

crochet and an extra row of the long





 

 

 





tc 3 into space between 2nd and 3rd

to sts in advance, and proceed to ch 2

and to 3 between alternate tc sts

round the entire circle. .



Fourth Row. Make like the 3rd row;

except that the to sts are placed over

the ch sts of former row, and 3 ch sts

are made between each group.



Fifth Row.—Make the to sts over the

ch of previous row, using 3 ch between,

as before, except after every third

group when a ch of 4 should be made.



Sixth Row—Make 3 to over each ch

of 3, and 9 tc over each ch of 4, mak-

ing a ch of 3 between groups of 3 only.



Seventh Row.—Crochet 3 to over ch

of 3 between groups; ch 2, and long

treble crochet (ltc) 1 between 1st

and 2nd to sts in group of 9. Ch 2,

and ltc" 1 between next tc sts, etc.,

until 8 ltc sts are made. In making

the long treble crochet the thread is

thrown over the hook three times be-

fore the hook enters the work; then

draw the thread through, making five

stitches on the hook, and work off by

twos in the usual manner. After the

8 Its sts have been made ch 2, and

make another group of 3 to, and then

the scallop of ltc again, alternating

thus around the doily. ‘



For the 8th and last row, ch 3 from

the‘ group of to, and sc 3 between lst

and 2nd ltc. Ch 3, and sc 3 between

next ltc, and so on until the scallop of

ltc is finished. Then ch 3 and so 3 in

central to of group of 3. Ch 3 and

proceed with scallop of ltc as before. ‘





HOW TO CAN TOMATOES. _'





 





Select firm, well-formed tomatoes.





Scald one and a half minutes or until





skins loosen. Dip quickly into and out





in





 





 





of cold water. Peel and remove stems

and cores. Pack directly into cans or

hot jars. Press down with a table—

spoon (add no water). Add a level

teaspoonful of salt per quart. Put the

rubber rings and caps of jars into po-

sition but do not tighten fully. Seal

tin cans completely. Place the packed





containers on a false bottom in a ves-





sel of water sufficiently deep to cover

them by'one inch and allow to remain

at a boiling temperature for twenty?

two minutes when using hot water

bath camera—Government Bulletin.





HYGIENE IN THE KITCHEN.





 





BY JENNIE M. WILSON. .



In no part of woman’s work as a

housewife is there so great a call for

wisdom and foresignt as in the culi-

nary department, because the health

of the household depends to a great

extent on what they eat. ’



Fresh, ripe fruit is considered

healthful and an excellent aid to di-

gestion, but when preserved by anti-

septics it is a source of much evil

and too much can not be said against

the custom. Having had a little ex-

perience in this line, I will give it, in

hopes of thereby benefiting other

housewives. One season just as we





had commenced canning our strawber-





ries there passed through the neigh-

borhood a gentleman ('3), selling a,

recipe for preserving fruit, meats, but-

ter, cut flowers, and vegetables, said to

be the same as were used in preserv-

ing the premium fruit of World’s Fair

fame. A sample of various kinds of

fruit and vegetables was exhibited,

which were simply perfect. Accom-

panying this was shown a certificate

to which was attached the names of

several physicians who testified that

they had examined the preservative

and found it perfectly harmless for

family use, which went a long way to-

ward making a sale. Ours being a

friut section, it is needless to say that

he reaped a rich harvest. I purchased

with the rest and had a chance to test

my recipe in canning strawberries.

The recipe was \simply, different pro-

portions of salicylic acid for the dif-,

ferent fruits or vegetables to be pre- ,-

served.



I used it through the canning of

small fruit and was very proud of my

display, but one day it came to my

ears that a certain physician, being

asked his opinion of the use of sali-

cylic acid, emphatically condemned its

use. Now it so happened that his

name was one among those on the list

of testimonials carried by the agent,

who must have placed it there him-

self. It was perfect in appearance,

but the acid had hardened it to such

a degree that I felt certain it must

affect its digestibility. Consequently

I postponed further userof the recipe

until I could investigate more fully,

and my decision is, if we want any-

thing to preserve fruit for exhibition,

salicylic acid is all right, but. we do

not"'want it in fruit for our ,Itables. As

the use ,of the acid is becoming so

general, too much can not be said on

this subject.



One medical work in speaking on

this subject says: .“The use of cheap

adulteration of food is deleterious, but

worse than all is the use of powerful

antiseptics ‘to prevent food fremde:

composing.” Anethér my 5W
‘ kitchen,





ti" néot .Various‘imds of.

e ployhlent “of it, should be interdict-

,,ed."" A commission by the French gov-

er ent reports that its prolonged

use even in small quantities is danger-

ous, especially to the aged. So, as we

have the. mean of preserving our fruit

successfullybykieat, t is. the part of

wisdom to be 0 7- ' safe side.



A few years since a recipe'similar

in its nature to the one of which I

have spoken was -'very generally, ad-

vertised- and quite extensively used.

An examination of the compound

showed that it was composed of sul-

phur, charCoal, nitrate of soda, cane

sugar and salt. The salt, it was said,

might have been an impurity of the

nitrate of soda. The directions for

the use.of this recipe were that the

compound should be burned in a clo‘s-

ed space and the fumes arising 'from

the burning should be absorbed by

water placed in suitable vessels, and

that the fruit, in some cases, should

also be exposed to the fumes. Finally

the fruit was to be placed in the water

which had absorbed the fumes of the





:burning compound and the vessel clos-

ed. The burning of the compound re-





sulted in the production of sulphur

dioxide, also known as sulphurous

acid, and it was this substance which

exerted the preservative action in the

process. The other materials were

simply used to aid in the burning of





_ the sulphur.





Now sulphur dioxide is a very poi-

sonous gas and its use as a food pre-

servative is prohibited in European

countries. There is no doubt that it





-will, like salicylic acid, preserve fruit





perfectly, but there are grave objec-

tions to its use in food. As the use of

sulphur is frequently employed in the

bleaching of dried apples, every house—

wife should thoroughly understand

its effect.





HowF TO 3.1-an FLOUR.





 





Buy flour in small quantities and

protect it carefully from spoilage, is

the keynote of a suggestion from, the





United States Department of Agricul-'





ture. Housekeepei's on the farm and

in the city should purchase flour in ac-

cordance with their needs only. Any

storage of flour in excess of the con-

sumer’s needs constitutes hoarding,

which, under present circumstances,

is an unethical and reprehensible prac-

tice, of no profit to the individual who

practices it, and injurious to the best

interests of thepeople. '



There are'three cardinal principles

of ‘flour storage. Flour should not be

stored in the cellar, since the cellar is

rarely free from dampness, even

though, special flour bins have been

built in. Flour should not be stored in

the attic of, the usual type. The tem-

perature is too high in summer, there

is no circulation of air, and the flour

is likely to acquire a musty odor, Flour

should not be stored in the pantry or

except in small quantities,

since the temper‘ature'is certain to be

uneven and the flour is likely to be

contaminated by odors; .



If practicable every household

should possess a small room for stor-

age. Such a room is best located on

the north side of the building.

should be ventilated and have a cool

and even temperature. Where such a

room iS‘not available a closet may fit

the requirements well. The bins or

containers should be kept clean, and

when an old stock of flour is exhaust-

ed, the container should be carefully

cleaned before a new stock is placed.





A HELPING HAND.





 





Here is one way in which to offset

the loss of strength in rural communi-

ties by reason of our boys migrating

to the cities. Every week there are





. boys from eight to twelve years of age





ruins meless. , There are great





   





, D





food out tho..mywoun make good farmers'if‘také .





It.





 





es for I‘g‘oo’d in i’these ‘ lads.





en early into the family and brought

up through the next, few years.



These are not ’delinquent boys, but

boys who by no fault of their own have

been cast upon the mercy of the world.‘

They deserve a chance to win success.

The Michigan children’s home society

has a goodly number of such promising

lads coming continually into their care.

The superintendent of that society is

especially favorable to the rural home

for these boys. The State Grange has

endorsed this organization as doing a

high-grade work for children.





Scores of our readers in Michigan

rural homes could to advantage avail

themselves of this opportunity to do a

kindness and at the same time help

themselves. Only the families of the

best standing will be accepted as the

proper guardians for these prospective

farmers. All who are interested may

address the Michigan Children’s Home

Society at 'St. Joseph, Michigan.





FOR THE FARM WOMAN’S HUS-

BAND.





 





The following is part of a farmer’s

creed, written by the county agent, I.

J. Mathews, of Pulaski county, Ind.:

“I will remember that my wife has con-

tributed as much toward my success

as I have, and therefore, for every new

machine I buy for the farm, I will buy

one to make her housework lighter.

Yea, verily, will I invest at once in a

washing machine, a wringer and a

vacuum cleaner fort my wife; her tubs

shall run over with pure water pump-

ed by a gasoline engine. All this that

my children and I may dwell forever

and ever in the good county of Pulaski

and it shall wax an exceedingly nice

county in which to live."





CANNING OUTFIT MADE IN FIVE





MINUTES.





 





All you need: A wash boiler, a

false bottom for it, made of laths or

sticks, or of corrugated tin with holes

punched in it; a square of cheesecloth

to hold fruits or vegetables when dip.

ping into hot water; a kettle.



Principles of home canning fruits

and vegetables: Wash and cleanse the

food; blanch by placing it in boiling

water; plunge immediately and mo-

mentarily into cold water; pack food

in hot jars, add boiling syrup or boil-

ing water} place rubbers and tops in

position half air-tight; submerge jars

in boiling water and cook; tighten the

tops.





HOME our-false.





 





Household Editorz—Please tell me

how old one must be to take up nurs-

ing, where is a good place to go, how

to enter. Also, how does the Red

Cross differ, can a sixteen-year-old girl

joint, to nurse the soldiers? Does the

race count? Please explain Michigan

Farmer. I think the advice would

help other girls as well as myself——

Michigan Girl. .





Different hospitals require different

ages. However, none of them take

girls of sixteen. No one but graduate

nurses can nurse soldiers. Anyone

else, at any age, who goes can only

scrub floors, clean rooms and do the

general hard work which must be done

about sick-rooms, thus leaving the

trained nurses free to take care of

the sick and wounded. Harper Hospi-

tal, Detroit; Butterworth Hospital,

Grand Rapids, and the hospital in Ann

Arbor are all geod- places to go. If you

wish to enter write directly to the sup-

erintendent of the hospital with which

you would like to be associated. Race

does not count. A Red Cross nurse is

.no different from any other, as all Red

Cross nurses must be graduates. of

some hospital. However, the Red

Cross does a great deal of work beside

nursing, such as sewing for the. boys

at -the front, furnishing supplies. etc»





we





 





 





 





A nigwashing With Little Work





That's the result when you use 20 Mule Team Borax. It softens the water-

{it helpe the soap do its best work—it whitens the clothes and makes your linen

Juice 3 glouier ironing. But the laundry is only one of the many pieces where





 

 

   





 





. ,. h - I. .

. ‘I I - . k . ‘ . ".. .'

,g, _lf.‘-|’__\|.rv .r.p:lnv.-,;--....





, d





 

 





“‘MULE TEAM BORAX’





In. I hit nee. Take the kitchen for instance. 20 Mule Team Borax makes dish weehin‘ only.

It can the grease—puts a shine on china and glassware. And in the bath tub youfindtlue Bore!





I splendid soother. pore cleanser end antiseptic.





20 Mule Team Borax Soap Chips





Soap in chip form. Sever you seep euttini. Blended in the right

proportions, one part Borax to three parts of pan coup.

cover [but will pay you





etitute for Borax but a time. labor and none

to use every wash day. See the picture oft e

each of the above packages.





 





 





 





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((1 «(I { ,1 \\\

mm ,\\\

Wm s‘

(«m s

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(WWW/0’

7((((((((/(





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Sold by all dealers.





 

 

 

 

 

   





Net a lub-





e20Muleeon





 





aka/fl/fl/I/Ill 'III I r ll 1‘“





 





 





Galvanized Rnnfin





Highest unlity Roofing for all classes of farm buildings.

the well nown APOLLO-KEYSTONE Copper Steel Galvanized Sheets.





attems of Formed Roofing and Siding. Fire roof, d bl ,

Look for the A 0110 stencil vgith thong-31103





Supplied in all standard é)

reasonable in cost—aooep no substitute.

Ke stone.





APIII‘LL ,





These sheets are also unexcelled for Culverts. 8 Ice, Tanks,

an all forms of exposed sheet- metnl work. Send for free “Better Bui dings" booklet.





AMERICAN SHEET AND TIN PLATE COMPANY. Frlck Bldg" Pittsburgh. Pa.





 

 

 

 

 





Made from





istems, Sheds,





 





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





 





Be sure to give proper pattern num-

ber and sizeof pattern desired. Ad-

dress all orders for patterns to The

Michigan Farmer, 39—45 West Congress

Street, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





"28, 30 and 32 inches waist measure.





 





No. Gown.





2152-2153———A Stylish

Waist 2152 cut in six sizes, 34, 36, 38,





40, '42 and 44 inches bust measure.

.Skirt 2153 cut in six sizes, 22, 24, 361:

I

will require 61/2 yards of 44-inch mate

rial to make the entire dress of one

material for a medium size. The skirt

measures about 21/; yards at the foot,

with plaits drawn out. Two separate

patterns, 10 cents for each pattern.





No. 2136——— Ladies’ House Dress. Cut

in seven sizes, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and

46 inches bust measure. It requires

seven yards of 36-inch material for a

36-inch size. The skirt measures about

2% yards at the foot. Price, 10 cents.





No. 1977—Ladies’ Apron. Cut in four

sizes, 34, 38, 42 and 46 inches bust

measure. It requires 7% yards of 36-

inch material for a 38-inch size. Price

10 cents. '





_ No. 2143—Girls’ Middy Dress. Cut f.

in five sizes, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years.





'It requires 4%, yards of 27-inch mate





rial for an eight-year size. Price 10





cents.





.No. mot—Child’s Play Dress, Shade

Hat and a Flower Basket. Cut in five

Sizes, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years. Size four"

years will require 2 yards for the ;

dress, % yard for the at, and ‘55 yard",

for the basket. of 36-inch material, for

a four-year size. Price 10 cents. ’





.“
‘ i





 





the farmers.





I ONG Island is rated as, one of the





world’s greatest potato fields.

This fish-shaped piece of land,





, only one hundred and twenty-five miles





in length and twelve miles wide has

given a recognition to the potato mar-

keting problem that will aid farmers

everywhere in disposing of their crop.

The soil is a sandy loam—ideal for pc-

tato growing—and is worth $200 to

$350 per acre—when you can buy it.

The farmers here are as prosperous as

can be found anywhere, and produc-

ing as they do, about 3,000,000 bushels

of spuds per year, must naturally

watch out for No. 1, as New York is

filled with crooks who are looking for

an opportunity to “do the hay—seed.”



For the past two hundred years, ag-

riculture on Long Island has been

steadily progressing. Every since the

Hollanders landed, farming on an in-

tensive scale has been followed,

though the land has been so well man-

aged that it retains a high productive

power. The limit of production is to-

day about reached, about one-half of

the cultivated land being devoted to

potatoes, while the other half is grow-

ing vegetable crops that bring good

prices, chief among which is the cauli-

flower.



Local Dealer Problems.



Until a few years ago Long Island

potatoes were marketed through local

dealers or brokers, and these brokers

pretty nearly broke the farmers. From

one to four Were to be found at every

small shipping point, glad to buy po-

tatoes. The local buyer was supposed

to buy and load the potatoes for three

cents a bushel, and it made no differ-

ence whether they were bringing 25

cents or $1.00 a bushel, Mr. Broker got

his three cents just the same. Many

times when the local buyers received

orders to buy potatoes at advanced

prices he would tell the farmers that

the market was over-supplied. These

buyers were never known to raise their

price unless the farmer put in a kick,

and they were never known to refuse

to pay a higher quotation for good po-

tatoes when the farmer stated that he

had a ready buyer. But they always

whispered in said farmer’s ear, quietly,

“Don’t tell the other farmers about

this. It might cause trouble.”



In these irksome days, local dealers

knew no more about the market con-

ditions than did the farmer, except

that dealers had some inside informa’

tion that helped them to judge when

to stop buying. But in feeding 5,000,-

000 New Yorkers, there is no limit for

potatoes, so he always bought all he

could see. The farmers were always

ready to unload a large crop when the

market was about to “fall,” and to be

sure the dealer’s knowledge of human

nature always caused him to whisper

about that the market was about to

tumble just as Long Island farmers

were in the height of their harvest.

The dealers repeatedly took advantage





”of the situation, and the amount that





was actually stolen from the farmers





can not be calculated.





The Awakening.



As Lincoln said: “You may be able

to fool all the people some of the

time, but you can not fool all the peo-

ple all the time,” so also did some Long

Island farmers get wise. The farmer

awoke to find that no one was looking

out for him, only to “skin” him. In

1908 a remedy was procured, for the

farmers had determined to form an or-





‘ gan-ization for selling their produce

“ and buying supplies.





They had had a

plain demonstration of the advantage





'of co-operation through the lack of it.





Already the Long Island Cauliflower

Association had fully ~demonstrated

what co-operation could do.

were held at every shipping point in





[Long Island, and speeChes made point-





ing out just what was to be done for





Meetings.





 





Briefly, this movement





Potato Growers ‘





By EARL W. GAGE





aimed to do the following things, and

such others as presented themselves:



1. Establish conditions whereby any-

one desiring may buy Long Island pro-

duce true to name. To brand each

package as coming direct from Long

Island fields, thus building a demand

for a specially produced product.



2. Develop present markets and

find new ones for all products. By

judicious advertising, secure increased

demand for Long Island products.



3. Ascertain the conditions of grow-

ing crops throughout the season and

furnish this information to members.



4. Secure pure seed at as low a

price as consistent with best quality.



5. Buy and sell or manufacture all

kinds of supplies.



6. Buy and sell and consign all

kinds of farm produce and establish

uniform grades of same.



7. Own or operate storage ware-

houses and packing houses for pro-

duce.



8. Arrange for the transportation

and handling of all produce in the best

possible manner,





9. Eliminate from the list of custom-.





ers those wholesale dealers who un~

justly dock the shippers on weight or

who make a practice of turning down

cars of produce on a'falling market.”

Substantial Saving Effected.



In fact, everything was done that

would possibly shut out the middleman

and his profit, and make the farmer

really independent. Long Island pota-

toes being a specially good product

of limited production, meant that by

placing the entire crop in the hands of

one selling agent, that this agent

would know just the requirements of

the market and would be able to ac-

cordingly regulate the supplies to a

certain extent, and prevent the former

fiim-flam methods by which farmers

had been fooled into selling the great—

er part of the crop at low prices dur-

ing the high priced season.



During the time since the organiza-

tion of the Potato Exchange, the crop

has been largely marketed through

the organization channels. The mem-





bers have been told repeatedly by city,





wholesalers to whom the crop is sold,

that they could thank the association

for receiving from ten to twenty-five

cents more per bushel. This saving





to the farmers of Long Island has aver-

aged between $1, 000,000 and $2,000,000

per year, while fully $500,000 is saved

for the farmers on the fertilizer and

seed purchased through the organiza-

tion.



'The Long Island potato has a place

all its own throughout the east, partic-

ularly in New York City. This is .due

largely to the careful sorting and the

co—operative selling plan, which enable

the farmers to secure from twenty-five

to thirty-three per cent more for their

potatoes than do farmers from other

communities.



Another Illustration.



Over in New Jersey, in Monmouth

county, the farmers awoke to the needs

of a co-operative association the same

year that Long Island farmers organ-

ized, and so in 1908 the Monmouth

County Farmers’ Exchange was organ-

ized, being incorporated under the laws

of New Jersey, the purpose being to





lmarket the products of the 1,275 farm-





er members. It was capitalized at

$100,000, 20,000 shares at a par value

of $5.00 each.



This organization operated over a

highly iirmortant agricultural district,

the territory being 500 miles square in

central New Jersey, extending through

the counties of Monmouth, Middlesex,

Mercer, and parts of Ocean and Bur-

lington counties. This section is one

of the largest producing centers of

farm products in New Jersey, and the

output of the Monmouth Exchange in

1913 was nearly 3,000 carloads, con-

sisting for the most part of Irish pota-

toes, though apples, pears, asparagus,

berries, melons,. sweet corn, pickles

and other miscellaneous crops were

included.



The Organization.



The general supervision of the en-

tire business is under the direction of

a board of fifteen directors who are an-

nually elected by the stockholders or

members. But the administration of

the details of the business is left to

the general manager who is appointed

by the board. The system pursued is

as simple as possible, and for the im-

mense operations has proved satisfac-

tory.



The Exchange has today about fifty

shipping points that extend forty miles

west from the general office located at





lllllllllll|Illl|Illllllllllllllllllllllll||Illl|l||IlllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llll|lllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





The 800 Cooperative Mercantile As-

sociation was formed January 1-5, 1913,

for the purpose of operating a grocery

store. The_ association has a capital

stock of $10,000, divided into one thou-

sand shares of ten dollars each. .At

present there are about one hundred

stockholders. During 1916 business to

the amount of $30,000 was done. Two-

fifths of this business was with stock-

holders and] three-fifths with none:





 





 





 





stockholders. Net earnings amounted

to $1, 600, which amount was used to

counterbalance losses occurring during

the first two, years the store was in

operation. . Now the management is

able to discount bills for purchases. It

is expected to, pay patronage dividends

in the early future- These will be on





the basis of twice ‘as large dividends to ’





Stooltholders ‘ as to man-stockholders.

which should bring new business. ‘





.1 -





 





farmer for his potatoes





Freehold. All stations, are connected

with the office of the general manager

by telephone, while an agent-inspector

will be found, at each shipping point

during the season who is in charge

of all shipments and the inspection at

each loading point.



The farmers deliver their produce to

the agent-inspector, receiving a receipt





-for them showing gross, tare and net





weight. The products are immediately

loaded into the waiting cars for ship-

ment according to grade placed on

them by the inspector, who reports to

the general manager’s office at the

close of each day regarding receipts.

The general manager’s chart shows

the probable proportions of each day’s

shipments, which places him in an ex-

cellent, position to judge where the

best market conditions will exist for

each station’s consignment. The man-

ager telephones billing directions to

the local agent~inspector at the close

of each day, and the night fast-freight

collects and delivers the loaded cars,

leaving a new supply for the coming

day’s work.





Have Expanded their Markets.-



The territory supplied by the New

Jersey potato growers exten‘ds as far

west as the Mississippi river, includ-

ing every principal consuming center.

The manager Tand his assistant daily

issue quotations by telephone or tele—

graph to all salesmen and wholesale

buyers. These quotations are based

upon the demand and supply of large

markets, information from these" loca-

tions having been secured’daily from

representatives in the ,respective

markets.





This placing of the marketing of

New Jersey potatoes upon a solid bus-

iness basis has.meant that New Jer—

sey potato growers no long r ask the

time-worn question: “How much will

you give?” but they telegraph: “Pay

so much, or I'll ship elsewhere.” And

the buyer can not cry back: “Your

potatoes were rotten; half price,” for

the New Jersey farmers have these

inspectors on the job to stop that leak.





A bank draft, with bill of lading at-'





tached, follows each consignment, so

that the farmers receive their pay be-

fore the potatoes are unloaded. If the

firm to whom the shipment is sent has

a business failure before the shipment

arrives, the general manager promptly

sells the carload toanother house, col—

lecting the market price for the same.



xpenses are met by charging the

farmers a very small commission on

each bushel of potatoes handled

through the Exchange.





After each day’s work is completed,

the agents telephone in the names and

grades of each member, and the farm-

ers are credited with the market price

per bushel or per barrel. The farmer

pomptly receives his check, as the

bank account of the Exchange is suffi-

cient to meet all bills against the or-

ganization each day. '



Results Have Been Large.



Beginning business in July, 1908, the

Monmouth County‘ Farmers’ Exchange

had a paid-in capital of, $7,000 and a.





membership of only 300 farmers, and.





did a first—year busineSS of $454,414.11.

It increased in-volume each year until

today the business amounts to, a mil~

lion and a half in sales, bringing a net

profit to members of nearly $20,000. It

has paid a dividend of five per cent for

four years, and since 1913 a six per

cent annual dividend. Since organiza-

tion was effected, this Exchange has

handled about $7,000,000 worth of farm

produce at an average expense of 1.82

per cent and have paid members an





average of sixty and a half cents pér ‘

bushel, or $1 66% per barrel of 165’





pounds.





Between 1902 and 1907, for sake of.





comparISOn, the average price paid the





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





%
%





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 





 





; V 1. 355me "91,73 difference of fifty

‘cents‘perbarrel‘, 'or eighteen cents per

\ bushel in favor of co-operative effort send an animal away without first ask-





 

 

 





ceh-ts "is 61137 e.‘ _





'the‘ eXpr‘ess ’charges down to the low- .

est figures. A shipper should never





in the sale of farm crops. In addition ing the express agent to show him his

to the advantage in higher prices for tariff sheet—he must do so if request-

their crops the value of farm lands ed—and then when the amount of

have increased from $100 to $300 per charges is learned get a duplicate of

acre. the way-bill to mail to the buyer. The



In addition to aiding the farmer in express companies require some value

receiving the highest price for his fruit to be placed on an animal shipped and

and vegetable CI‘ODS. the Monmouth for each kind they have a minimum on

County Farmers’ Exchange iS also which damages may be recovered in

deeply interested in buying the seed case of death or injury while in transit.

potatoes, grass seed, insectiCideS and If the shipper places a’ valuation high-

fungicides. hampers, barrels. lime, ma- er than this minimum on the animal

nure and other needful goods, and‘man- the charges will be proportionately

ufacturing fertilizers from the purest higher. It is well to place the mini-

and highest grades 0f chemicals that mum value only on all animals except





 





are to be procured. in the case of those of exceptional

value.



DIRECT MARKETING EFFECTS A Comply with Sanitary Requirements.



SAVING AT BOTH ENDS. Every shipper of live stock should





also familiarize himself with the sani-

Poultry products can be made to tary requirements governing the ad-

net the producer larger moms and mission of live stock into the different

enable the City man. at the same time StateS. A pamphlet giving these re-

to buy at lower prices, if direct 0011' quirements may be secured from the

nections are established with city cus- United States Department of Agricul-

tomers and express carriers are used ture at Washington. Horses, cattle,

for delivery, the experience of an M. sheep and hogs will require a health

A. C. poultryman has demonstrated - certificate from a federal veterinarian,

“Our own experience has taught a state veterinarian or a qualified vet-

that this method is good business,” erinarian who is endorsed by federal

says me' 0' H' Burgess, 0f the M‘ .A' or state veterinarian, to secure their

0‘ poultry department. “The producer admission in most states. This certifi-

Shmfld “'3’ to eStainSh a trade “nth cate must be attached with the bill of

city customers. by doing this myself, lading which accompanies the ship-

we have been able to suppl?’ custom- ment. This should not be overlooked.

ers With eggs at a lower prlce, and a Tell the express agent of the necessity

higher profit to ourselves, than was of. having the certificate attached to

possible for either Of us under other the bill of lading for there are many

methods. The consumer paid twenty- agents who are entirely ignorant of it.

seven cents a dozen, plus express, By doing everything possible to avoid



which was about three cents a dozen. . . , _

The consumer formerly paid thirty- delay m the .shlpment Of an animal

and contributing to its arrival at its





no



over the usual method of selling to annoying details for the conSignee to



local stores, and a saving to the con- 100k after, the seller “(111 have gone a



sumer of five cents a dozen. The eggs long way towards satisfactorily com-



were shipped in crates of twelve doz- pleting the transaction Whmh was giv-



en. Some of the customers divide the en its original start by proper adver-

tising.





eggs with their neighbors.





“There are of course disadvantages



’ ’ P RT.

to the direct method of selling, but if GOVERNMEEEEOP RE 0

express charges could be fixed at .so _ A summary of the August crop re-

much per dozen, disregarding the Size port for the state of Michigan and for

of the crate, it would encourage the the UnitedeStateE, 3s compileddbty; 121:1:



' - _ Bureau 0 mp Slma es an a -

shipment as well as the direct meth mitted through the Weather Bureau),

0d 0f selling. AS prices are now It U. S. Department of Agriculture, is as

encourages the farmer to take his follows:





‘ ‘ Corn.—~State.——August 1 forecast,

eggs to the local shipper and receive 51,400,000 bushels; production last





just the same price and no more than year (December estimate), 45,375,000



the farmer who has poor eggs to sell. bushels.



It costs about the same to ship a 31g0li$g010 0Sotlii.l’geisl.I:——1Augustdulcfiféllil'eiizit



- , , , us es; pro



twelve-dozen crate of eggs as it does year (December estimate), 2,583,241,-



to ship a thirty-dozen one. It costs 000 bushels.



nearly as much to ship a thirty-dozen All Wheat.——State.——August 1 fore-



crate as it does to ship two thirty- cast, 14,100,000 bushels; DTOdUCtIOB



dozen ones lost yeall; (lDecember estimate), 13,600,-

. . 00 us e s.



“Again, there are certain seasons of United Statesrfixugust 1 forecast

the year when the producer has a sur- 653,000,000 bushels,_ production last

plus number of eggs for which there heal; (December estimate), 639336900



~ us e s.

are no customers, and finally there is Oats.——State.———August 1 forecast 58,-

occasionally an item of cost in collect- 600,000 bushels; production last year

ing or a possible loss from bad ac- (December estimate), 42,690,000 bu.

counts United States—August 1 forecast



,, ' , t 1,460,000,000 bushels; production last



But when we compare the direc year (December estimate), 1,251,992,-

method of selling with the indirect the 000 bushels.

former undoubtedly promotes and 31%3r633.FS%atle.—August. 1 lforiecasatl,

- ~ - , , uses;prouCionasye

Tnamtams a h‘gher degree 0f quality (December estimate), 2,450,000 bu.

in the product marketed, for when the United States—August 1 forecast

producer sells direct to the consumer, 203,000,000 bushels;_ production last

his eggs must possess a high quality {fag (lDecember estimate), 180,927,000

. . - us e s.

if the customer is to be retained. Any- Rye.—-State.——August 1 forecast, 5,-

lhlng other than best quallty reflects 180,000 bushels; production last year

directly upon the producer.” (Dleceéngersestimate‘), 4,648,0100fbu. t

ni e 3. es.—- ligus orecas

56,000,000 bushels; production last

IMPORTANT PHASES OF L'VE year (December estimate), 47,383,000

STOQK ADVERTlSlNG. bushels_

. Potatoes.-—State.——Augu§t 1 foreeast

- 41,700,000 bushels; pro uction as

(Continued from page 116)’ year (December estimate), 15,360,000

make the sale a further advertisement bushels.





 





 





 





 





 





of his stock and his business princi— United States—August 1 forecast,





pics. The duties of the seller with 467,000,000 bushelsa Production last

relation to description and privilege yfigégecember estimate), 285’437’000

of return if the animal does not satisfy All Hay,_State,_—August 1 forecast,





have already been touched upon. It litig80,00(ll) tons t pioducatigzi” Olggttoyear,

- . - ecem eres ima e , , , , ms.

is the seller s duty, moreover, to crate United States.,—— Angus t 1 forecast





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

   





 

 

 





 

 

 





. Listers Potato Diggers Reapers Farm Trucks

| Malz‘ne-Univemal Factor SfeMensfivAufamabfle

‘M _-_ ”4.4—- L ‘ ' LA”





”The sea-1.. lth

A 10 Year Guarantee





Be your own weighmaster. A depend-

able, all-purpose scale on your farm makes

and saves you many a dollar'which other-

wise you would lose without knowing why

or where.





MCDONALD—

The Original Pitless, Scale





Sold under a positive 10-year guarantee

of accuracy. Solid steel frame locked at

corners, solid steel joists, knife edge bear-

ings protected against frost and clogging,

and other distinctive features in design

and construction make the McDonald

trouble-proof, repair-proof and perman-

ently reliable. Many of them in use

over 20 years are giving satisfactory

service today.



Easy to erect or move. No pit to dig

or expensive foundation to build—no

expert needed. Full directions with

every scale which anyone can follow.



Ask yourMoIine Dealer about (he McDonald



Pitless, or write us for Illustrated Literature.



Addrooo Department 42





Molina Plow Company, Molin, Illinois





Manufacturer: pf

Flows (36:51.4) .Staik Cutters Grain Drills Rice Binders Spreaders

Hal-rows Ha Loaders Lime Sewers Grain Bindeis S calos

Planter-“55"...” Si DeLRaltes Seeders Com Binders Wa ons

Cultivators Dump Rakes Mowers Veh cles





 





 





 





 

 





 

 





 

 





/”

For Over 50 Years W of Good Implements





. Before you buy an en- ,



a am a O O silage cutter,find out all '



about the Kalanlz‘azoo—gie '



onycuttei- on t e mar ct



ALFALFA & ENSILAGE CUTTERS having a center shear. The

Kalamazoo has an ur-

. breakable malleable knife

wheel—not a knife cylinder. Two knives are Constantly Cutting toward center—~absolutely





no side—thrust. No wasted power. This center—cutting knifewheel delivers a steady, even

flow of ensilage to the blower—clogging is absolutely imposmble. Another blg feature——





The Knife Wheel





You can’t realize whata power

saving this means until you see

a Kalamazoo in operation.- All

wearing parts are easily adJust-

able. Cu ttlng adjusrmcn t is on

shear bar only.'rhisma.kesadiust-

ment of knives simple and easy

compared with other cutters.



Got a Kalamazoo—save pow- ,

er—save cutting cost—feed your

herd on less acreage. “Do your

bit" by helping produce America's

biggest saleable crop.





KALAMAZOO um: a. sac co.

Delu- us hum-x... Mich.





 





 

 

 

 

   

   

   

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 





 

 





 





 

 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   





Get this Free Book





5 Explain. valuable improved money

saving feature: of Kalamazoo En-



uilage Cutten—olso alfalfa cuttefl .



-6nd Easy Payment plan. 2‘





Potato Digger '-





Gcts the Potatoes and separates

where other diggers cannot





 

   

 





 





 





A strong statement, but an actual experience many times, saving

growers more than the cost of the Digger. Ask us for the proof.



The Eureka elevator and duplex shaker provide more separation than other diggers.

Large wheels and main gears supply ample pOWer. Mostly malleable and steel, avoiding

frequent breakage and lost time. Growers report

digging 80 or more acres without repairs. H1217 ,

clearance over shovel prevents weeds and Vines Write for

bunchlng. Has vine-turner attachment.

6-ft. and 7-ft. sizes; several. styles.



Prompt shipments from distributing points.





’ EUREKA MOWER 00., Box 1022, Uiica,N.Y.





 





 





 





 

 

 





   

 

 





uuLmnzn

SOIL INSURANCE

AT A





SHALL C03?





SIMPLEX SOIL TESTER'





in High Brow language is a chemical apparatus very simple to ogerate at

a cost of one-hul cent per field and five minutes 0 your time. ntented

of course. You can eliminate all guess work by testing your soil with

the Sim 16: Soil Tester which shows the exact amount of lime and

ground linestone your soil contains and requires. '



The price is excoe insly low. Guaranteed To Be Accurate And Per-

fectly SatisfactOl-y or every cent of {our mono returned in 1:3 days

and trans ortation charges paid bot ways. 0 er a Simplex Taste:

Today an begin saving money that you are now throwing

away. Live Dealers always keep a few Simplex Soil Testers

in stock because you will have more and more calls for them.

Write Us Today. Literature Free For the Asking.





SIMPLEX MANUFACTURING COMPANY

, Department XX256 - Baltimore, Md.





 





 





the animal in such a way that it Will 100,000,000 tons; production last year

be shipped with no danger of injury ‘ (Continued on page 126-). .,





 





are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you ‘
“ultimatum ‘





arkc





 





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





August 14, 1917.





Wheat—While cereal quotations

have shown a decided slump during

the past week, it must be remembered

that there has not been the customary

decline in values so far this season.

The declines for wheat usually start

with July, but the latenessof the crop

has aided in delaying the event until

the present. No doubt the govern-

ment’s plans are having a temporary

influence on prices, as buyers are not

anxious to be found with any large

quantities of grain when they do not

know under what conditions they may

be obliged to dispose of it. Threshing

returns are reported as quite satisfac-

tory. The visible supply for the past

week shows a decrease of 601,000 bush—

els, which is unusual for the second

week in August. A year ago No. 2

red wheat sold locally at $1.411A, .per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





were:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Sept.

Wednesday ' ..... 2.43 2.38 2.24

Thursday ....... 2.43 2.38 2.22

Friday ......... 2.40 2.35 2.18

Saturday ....... 2.35 2.30 2.16

Monday . . . . ..2.33 2.28 2.10

Tuesday .. . . . ...2.23 2.28 2.07





Chicago—September wheat $2.04.



Corn—Corn suffered a decline of 30c

on the local market Monday and large

exchanges throughout the country ex-

perienced similar reactions. The fail-

ure of distillers to take the grain has

been held out as the one reason for

this big drop. However, the decline

will likely attract buyers and no doubt

with the present run of stockers in the

big live .stock markets, any consider-

able breaking of corn prices will in—

duce a larger amount of stock feeding.

The new crop is making splendid pro-

gress, considering the handicap of late

planting. One year ago the local mar»

ket paid 871/20 for No. 3 corn. Last

week’s Detroit quotations were:





No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ........ 2.38 2.39

Thursday ......... -. 2.34 2.35

Friday ............. 2.29 2.30

Saturday .......... 2.19 2.20

Monday ............ 1.89 1.90

Tuesday ........... 1 94 1.95





Chicago—December corn 151.15%;

May $1.13%. .



Oats.-——Va1ues in this department

have declined with those of corn and

wheat. There is a good crop being

gathered; however, both the home and

foreign demand is active. A year ago

standard oats were quoted at 44%c a

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





were:

No. 3



Standard. White.

Wednesday ........... 81 79

Thursday 81 79

Friday ................ 81 79

Saturday .............. 81 79

Monday ............... 78 77

Tuesday .............. 78





77



Chicago—September oats 57%0 per

bu; Dec. 57%c; May 61%0.



Rye.—The new crop is beginning to

move with cash No. 2 now quoted at

$1.85, which is 100 below last week’s

figures.



Beans.—The demand improved some-

what the past few days, and cash

beans advanced, although on Monday

a portion of the increase was lost.

Cash beans are now quoted at $7.90;

October $6.50. At Chicago Michigan

pea beans hand-picked, are quoted at

$8.50; red kidneys $6.



Seeds.——Prime red clover at $11.90;

October $12.90; alsike $11.25; timothy

$3.85. .





FLOUR AND FEEDS.



FIour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $13.20; seconds $12.90; straight

$12.50; spring patent $14.80; rye flour

$12.50 per bbl.



Feed.~—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $42; standard middlings

$52; fine middlings $54; cracked corn

$88.50; coarse corn meal $87.50; corn

and oat chop $71 per ton.



Hay.——In carlots at Detroit: No. 1

timothy $16.50@17; standard timothy

$15.50@16; No. 2 timothy $14.50@16;

light mixed $14.50@16; No. 1 mixed

$14@14.50; No. 1 clover $13@13.50.



Pittsburg.—No. 1 timothy $18@18.50

per ton; No. 2 timothy $16@17; No.

‘1, light gmixed $15.50@16; No. 1 clover

mixed“ 5@15.50; No. 1 clover $15.50





' Straw—In carlots, on track Detroit,

rye straw $10.50@11; wheat and oat





 





I. I ~ 7': . _. .. \: ‘. 3‘. f l. .7

Butterr—gMarket‘quiet; Fresh cream-v





ery extras 39%(3; fresh creamery firsts

37%@380. . “ .



Elgin.—Market is a little firmer at

a price 4c‘higher than last week: Price

based on sales 391/20.



Chicago.——'The feeling

quite firm, with prices %c higher than

last week. The business is good on

all grades. Creamery extras are quot-

ed at 391/;@391,éc; extra firsts 321,_A,@

39c; firsts 371469380: packing steek

33c per pound. .



Eggs.———On Monday good quality eggs

were firm, the lower grades were easy.

Fresh firsts were quoted at 34@360.



Chicago—Market steady for the best

graded stock and weak for cheaper

lots. Eggs should be candied. Firsts

311A;@33c; ordinary 27@300; at mark,

cases included 271,é@32%c.



Poultry.—Market is steady and quiet.

Best broilers 28@300; Leghorns 27-@

28c; hens 22@23c; ducks 20@2lc;

spring ducks 23c; geese 15@160; spg

geese 18c; turkeys 24@25c.



Chicago—The offerings are larger

and there is a good demand. The feel-

ing is steady. Fowls sell from 18@

181/20; broilers, 2 lbs. and over, 23@

240; under 1% lbs. 21@22c; ducks





'18c; geese 140; spring geese 16@18c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Fruits.~—Sour cherries $3.75@4 per

bu; raspberries, red $6@6.50 per bu;

huckleberries $5@5.25 per bu.



Chicago.—Sour cherries $2@2.25 per

16-qt. case currants $1.75; black rasp-

berries $2@2.25; blueberries $3.25@

3.50; red raspberries $2.50@2.75 per

24-pt. case; other fruits in 16-qt. cases.



Apples.——At Detroit this fruit is quot-

ed at $3.00 per bushel. At Chicago,

Illinois No. 1 Transparents are quoted

at $5@5.50 per bbl; Astricans $3.50@

4; Duchess $4.50. '



Potato_es.——Potatoes are scarce and

firm with quotations of $1.75 per bu.





WOOL.





 





Boston.——Increased activity due to

renewed interest by manufacturers

who, because of the large prespective

purchases by the government feel

obliged to replenish supplies, has char-

acterized the market the past fort-

night. Prices are as firm as ever with

the only possibility of changes in an

upward direction. Farmers are hold-

ing probably more wool than usual.

In Boston fleeces sold last week at

prices ranging from 55@85c per pound.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





Potatoes sold in small lots the first

of the week, at $1.25 to $1.40 but are

likely to go lower with the increasing

supply. Huckleberries have held up

so far at around $3 per crate and oth-

er stuff on the city market sells as

follows: Green corn 30c per dozen;

cucumbers 50c; wax beans $1.25 per

bushel; cabbage 500. The egg market

is steady at 331/2c. In live poultry,

fowls are worth 160. New hay is quot-

ed at $12@14. The mills pay $2 for

No. 2 red Wheat.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.



The market was unusually large on

Tuesday morning, although many of

the seasonable products were not of-

fered, at least in quantities. Cabbage

40c per bu; lettuce 400; medium to

large cucumbers $2; potatoes $1.75;

tomatoes $2 per 16—lb. basket; red

raspberries 35c per qt; eggs 48@500

per dozen; no hay in sight.





 





LIVE STOCK MARKETS. ‘

August 13, 1917.





 





Buffalo.

Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 120 cars; hogs 20 d. d.; sheep 7





d. d.; calves 1300 head.



There were around 120 cars of cat-

tle here today and we had a sky rocket

market. There were very few weighty

shipping cattle here, the best of them

selling about 250 higher, the best

here at $13.75, but if there had been

any strictly dry lot prime cattle they

would have sold for considerable more,

as all the packers wanted some prime

heavy cattle. The medium weight cat-

tle, butcher cattle and heifers that

have been selling so mean for the last

three weeks sold a big $1 a hundred

higher, in some cases more. There

was a strong demand for the cows, the

best about 50c higher, with the medi-

um and common grades 15@25c high-

er. There was a good demand for the

stockers and bulls but very few here

and bulk of them 250 higher. These

light receipts and extreme high mar-

‘ket is apt to bring a liberal run of cat-

tle here next week and not quite so

good a market, but we can handle a

liberal run to fair advantage.



Disappointingly light receipts of





continues





 

 





Q W 1?. , ,

selling at,$17.8ii, bulk ‘ g

17.75,; pigs and lights $1 :50@1 “;

roughs $15.50@16; stage $12.50@13.50.





'The trade was active and everything





Was sold at the close of the market. ,

With a. light run of lambs today our

market 'opened up active and' prices

steady with the close of last week: All

sold and we look for steady prices the

balance of the week.



Lambs $15@16; yearlings $12.50@

14; cull to common. $11@15;- wethers

$10@1.0.75;'ewes $9.50@10; bucks $7@

8; best calves $16.25@16.50; common

and light $13.50@15.50; heavy. $12@

15; grassers $6@8.50.~ .





 





Chicago.





August 13, 1917.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.





Receipts today..13,000 25,000 10,000

Same day 1916..18,731 47,807 29,968

Last week ..... 1.31,586 105,977 49,251

Same Wk 1916..49,609 136,989 86,065





All of the live stock markets were

booming today under small receipts

and a brisk general demand. Cattle

showed further advances of 15@250,

with sales of 127 head at $14.50, one

carload averaging 1403 lbs.‘ and most

of the remainder around 1500 pounds.

Three head of prime steers brought

$14.75. Hogs advanced 15@25c, with

a $17.50 top, the better class of swine

advancing most. Hogs received last

Week averaged 232 lbs. Lambs were

in small supply and prime Idaho lambs

sold up to $15.65, an advance of 45c.

No native lambs offered were prime

enough to bring over $15.



Cattle sellers experienced a much

better week than a week earlier, a

marked improvement in the general

demand enabling them to obtain decid-

edly higher prices for all desirable of-

ferings. The upward movement em-

braced steers selling at $9 and over.

as well as butcher stock, bulls, good

cutters and canners, stockers, feeders

and calves. Previously to last week

no cattle had sold over $14.15, but last

week say;r sales at $14.25@14.35, and

on Wednesday the greater part of the

steers offered went at $10.50@14, with

not much trading below $10. Choice

beeves went at $13.60 and upward,

with a good kind of steers salable at

$12.50 and over and a medium grade of

steers taken at $11 and upward. Ordi-

nary to fair killing steers of light

weight sold at $9 and upward, with

small scattering sales of inferior little

steers down to $6.50@8.50. Yearlings

of desirable quality were purchased

around $12@14, with sales down to

$9.50@10.50 for the poorer lots. There

were three sales of prime beeves at

$14.35, including 53 head averaging

1566 lbs; 16 averaging 1440 lbs., and

20 averaging 1214 lbs. A string of OVer

300 head of branded western steers and

heifers mixed brought $12.75. Butch-

er stock had a good sale at $6.60@11

for cows and $6@12.50 for heifers,

with cutters selling at $5.60@6.50, can-

ners at $4.75@5.55 and bulls at $5.50

@1025. Calves were‘ in active de-

mand at $7@13.75, with‘rough heavy

calves selling down to. $5.50@6.50.

Stockers and feeders had a larger de~

mand, the former selling usually at

$6.25@8.75, with nice little yearlings

going highest, while feeders were sal-

able at $7.75@9. Milkers and springers

sold usually at $75@100 per head, al-

though prime cows were salable at

higher figures and common cows at

lower figures. At the week’s close cat-

tle sold largely 50c@$1 higher than

a week earlier.



Hogs were in excellent demand dur-

ing the past week, with an especially

strong inquiry for desirable corn-fed

offerings, prices soaring to far higher

figures than were ever chronicled be-

fore. Most stockmen having hogs on

the market were taken by surprise by

the way the market advanced, and

those who had poorly finished hogs

and pigs for sale could see how much

better they would have fared had their

offerings been kept longer and fed on

corn freely. The advance was in the

face of a restricted eastern shipping

demand, although shipments east were

much larger than a week earlier. On

Friday hogs advanced about 25c, and

there was a similar advance on Satur-

day. It was the, general impression

that the packers were looking for an

excuse to boost prices for the large

stocks of provisions in store'cut from

much lower-priced hogs. Closing pric-

es forr hogs stood at $15.60@16.50 for

rough to good heavy packing up to

$16.85@17.25 for the better class of

hogs, with pigs selling at $11.50@1

$14.75, pigs weighing up to 135 lbs

going highest. A week earlier hogs,

brought. $14.75@16.45.



Lambs comprised most of the offer-

ings in the market last week, with

flocks from the western ranges offer-

ed in much larger volume than heretoa

fore. Early sharp breaks in prices

were followed by later advances, feed-

ers sharing in the rise in values.) The





, . .1

. _. Q .





 





“are ‘ _ an ,

selling. for ‘ $15.20, com

follows: Lambs $10.50@15.20; feeding

lain‘bs _$14@14.50; .. yearlings $8.50@

12.50; wethers $8.75@11; eWes $4.506)

9.25; breeding ewes $8.75@15; bucks

$6.50@7.50. .



Horses were in light supply and in

small demand last week, with no mark-

ed change in prices. Sales were made

on the basis of $60@100 for inferior

to fair horses of light weight, with fair

to choice drafters salable at $185@

265 and drivers selling mainly at $100

@200. Choice horses were scarce.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





George Travelut, of Colfax county,





Nebraska, was on the Chicago market

recently withfour cars of steers from

his 1400 acres of land in Fremont

county, Iowa.‘ The shipment included

67 .head of steers which averaged in

weight 1306 pounds and brought $13.60

per 100 pounds. Mr. Travelut said

corn in western Iowa and Nebraska is

now in good shape, and if there is a

favorable growing season from now on,

the yield will be large, asthe acreage

is immense. ’ '



Wayne county, Iowa, is harvesting

the biggest crop of oats in its history,

according to A. Shriver; a widely-

known stock farmer of that region,

who appeared on the Chicago market

a short time ago with two carloads of

cattle of his own feeding. He report-

ed the country as a little short on hay,

but pastures are in good condition, he

added. While Mr. Shriver is of the

opinion that there are about the usual





number of cattle on grass in that part





of the country, he said practically all

of the good corned cattle and fat hogs

have been marketed.



V. M. ‘Scott, a large and widely

known stock feeder of Paris, Ill., was

in the Chicago stock yards on a recent

day with a shipment of nine carloads

of his famous black steers. He said

that com was getting along in that

region finely, while the high cost of

old corn results in many stock feeders

marketing their cattle earlier. than or~

dinarily.



Everybody is kept wondering how

much higher wool prices will go. A

short time ago a clip of 65,000 pounds

of regon wool brought 721/2c a pound,

being similar to our native wool, and

sales have taken place in some of the

Oregon markets at 60 to 62% cents.



“We are long on crops, but short of

live stock in my part of the country,"

said J. C. Hanna, of Des Moines coun-

ty, Iowa, who showed up recently in

the Chicago market with a shipment

of stock, to be sold. He reported oats

as a fine crop, all having been harvest-

ed, with a very large field. In some

places, he said, oats are running as

high as one hundred bushels to the

acre. The crop of corn is a little back-

ward, but the recent appearance of hot

weather has brought it along in fine

shape, and an occasional shower will

bring about the largest crop ever har-

vested. Mr. Hanna said: “Grain pric-

es must go lower, or the country will

be without live stock."

close marketing of aged hogs from_ his

part of the country, whereas in normal

times they would be held for breeding

purposes. He said men were sacrific«

ing their stock rather than pay the

high prices for corn.





(Continued from page 125).





'(December estimate), 19,786,000 tons.





Apples (Agricultural Crop).—State.

-—August 1 forecast, 2,930,000 barrels

of three bushels; production last'year

(December estimate), 4,160,000 bu.



United States—August 1 forecast

62,600,000 barrels of three bushels;

production last year (December esti-

mate), 67,415,000 barrels.



Peaches.—State.—-August 1 forecast,

810,000 bushels; production last. year.

(December estimate), 2,010,000 bu.



United States—August 1 forecast

42,690,000 bushels; production last

year (December estimate), 36,939,000

bushels.



Beans.——-State.——August 1 forecast,

6,610,000 bushels; production last year

(December estimate), 3,102,000 bu.



United- States (5 states).——August 1

forecast 19,400,000 bushels; produc-

tion last year (December estimate), 8,-

846,000 bushels.



Prices—The first price given below

is the average on August 1 this year,

and the second the average on August

1 last year.



State—Wheat, 225 and 112 cents

per bushel; corn, 192 and 78; cats, 79

and 42; potatoes, 162 and 97; hay,

$12.20 and, $10.70 per ton; eggs, 32 and

23 cents per dozen.





United States.——Wheat, 228.9 and '





107.1 cents per bushel;corn 196.6 and





79.4 'cents; oats, 73.7 and 40.1 cents;





potatoes, 170.8 and 95.4 cents; ”hay

$13.42 and $10.68 er tom 0523,2458

and 20.7 cents-per omen. ' '"‘ '-





 





 





_ , . with.

$14.40: on Menday. ; Prices closed as





 





He reported .





 





     





 





“‘F‘V‘e
_ 14-.





 





 





Reward

For the Return of Either





of the Following Auto-

mobiles to the





Citizens’ Mutual Auto-





mobile lnsurance Co.,

JP Howell, Mich.





Oakland Light Six, License No.

(3-919, factory serial number 1347-

334; said car stolen from J. Earle

Brown, an attorney at Lansing.





Oakland Light Six, License No.

H.284, serial number 1805834; said

,* car owned by John J. Ormond,



f Milford.



i Jeffery Six, License No. 69822,

factory number 90975; car owned

in Genesee county.





{ Dodge car, factory number 101-

268, motor number 153124; Michi-

gan license 5497-M; owned in Oak-

land county.





Buick Light Six, factory number

295471,~.state license 26773; owned

in Washtenaw county.





4 . Paige Big Six, factory number

i . 62653, license D-1786. .



- Ford, factory number 1838879, li-

cense A-3702, owned by Sylvester

Pheney, Holly.



Mr. Farmer and Mr. Business-

mam-If you learn of .a stolen car

in your community, notify us.



With fire, theft and liability

hazards increasing, you should

keep your automobile insured in

the Big Automobile Insurance

Company. 27000 policies issued

and $65,000.00 cash in banks. It

is the largest mutual automobile

insurance company in the world;

its officers and help are 'trained

to give yon service.



Cost $1.00 for policy plus 25c

per H. P.





Citizens’ Mutual Automobile

insurance Company,

Howell, Michigan.





 





 





$100.00





 





 





 





 





”3......





“QUE—ill: .

igiiilsifiifluflw ‘

g a





Better Than Whitewash





. "_We did not have to go to town for lime. wait

for it to slack or strain it. We just mixed the

‘_ Carbpla With cold water. in less than five min-

. utesit was read —and it went through the spray-

er Without any e ogging. _ It went on fine with the

brush too. The next day it rains we will use what

is left to paint the chicken houses and cellars."

Cerbole keeps—d n'tenoil b atandln Ilalre om

ebbi- aanltary and bmht. clean a’nd attrnc'tlve withy





' RBULA .

W





A FINELY POWDERED mineral pigment eomblnedvltli

a ermicide 20 times stron er than carholic acid. Not

90 one or caustic. y thousand- o! farmers.





Dries out in Pure White

Will not blister, flake or peel. No odor to taint milk.

Kills infectious disease germs, lice. eggs. etc.



10“, .(10 I .),51.00lndm .



:0 lb.- (20 56.). 2.00 “More”.



0 lbs. (:0 gala). 4.00 delivered.

Trial when. tl'i t 260 f t, dual-fp-

p five‘iom:l'for 25.: 55:19:53. and

m from dealer. he has none, “advoca-

G“ Melina «sulfu- m.

Car-bola Chemical Company



7 East 42nd St. Dept. ' X New York City





 





 





Pedigreed Grains





Red Rock wheat. Boson Rye and Michigan Win.

ter Barley are 19.11 sown grains developed at the

Michigan Agricultural College. They have been

grown with satisfactory results by

fanners. For lists of men who have inspected

pedigrwd seed of these varieties for sale. write

the Secretary of the Michigan Crop Improve-

ment Association .



J. W. NICOLSON. East Lanaing, Michigan.





F02 , SALE. ammo

‘ ‘ ‘ p chican. . Khm-





E1; 9 'A _





 





 

 





 





   

 

 





 





 





 

 





undreds of. "





THlS IS'THE LAST EDITION.





' The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the





 





tion will be sent on request at any

time.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday's Market.

August 16, 1917.

Cattle.



Receipts 3169. Good grades of bulls

and cows steady; all other grades 25@

50c lower than last week. Great many

common in receipts. ,



Best heavy steers $10@10.50; best

handy weight butcher steers $8.50@

9.25; mixed steers and heifers $7.50@

8.50; handy light butchers $7 @8; light

butchers $6@7; best cows $7.50@8;

butchers $6.50@7; best cows $7.50@8;

$6@6.50; canners $5.25@5.50; best

heavy bulls $7.50@8; bologna bulls $7

@750; stock bulls $6@6.50; feeders

$7@8; stockers $5.50@6.50; milkers

and springers $40@90.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan 4

cows av 925 at $5.50, 4 do av 940 at

$6.50, 4 do av 807 at $5.25, 1 do wgh

1260 at $8, 1 do wgh 930 at $6, 2 do

av 1000 at $7.25, 5 do av 980 at $7; to

Mason B. Co. 3 bulls av 1157 at $7.50;

to Sullivan P. Co. 17 steers av 756 at

$8, 15 do av 817 at $7.75; to Breiten-

beck 24 do av 973 at $8.60; to Parker,

W. & Co. 26 do av 915 at $9, 21 do av

700 at $7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 6

do av 861 at $8, 12 do av 770 at $7.60;

to Mich. B. 00. 22 do av 1008 at $8.50,

4 do av 1155 at $9, 15 do av 742 at $7,

1 do wgh 1330 at $10.50; to Parker, W.

& Co. 3 do av 800 at $8, 10 do av 838

at $7.75, 16 do av 814 at $7.75; to

Garber 6 butchers av 871 at $8, 10 do

av 607 at $6.75, 14 do av 755 at $6.60;

to Sullivan P. Go. 14 steers av 1071 at

$10.25, 11 do av 1016 at $9.50, 9 cows

av 1011 at $7.50; to Mindick Co. 6 do

av 1160 at $5.75; to Nagle P. Co. 6

steers av 830 at $8, 11 do av 965 at

$8.60; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 bulls

av 1230 at $8.25, 16 butchers av 744 at

$7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 20 do av

730 at $7.40; to Mich. B. Co. 21 steers

av 1083 at $10.50, 9 do av 1200 at $9,

2 cows av 945 at $7.50; to White Bros.

18 feeders av 894 at $8.40; to Thomp-

son 2 steers av 1225 at $10.25.



McMullen, K. & J. sold Kamman B.

Co. 9 steers av 1033 at $9.50, 26 do av

893 at $9, 27 do av 774 at $7.55; to

Rogers 24 feeders av 964 at $8.50; to

Mason B. Co. 5 steers av 1080 at $10,

1 do wgh 1040 at $9; to Thompson 27

do av 904 at $8.90, 2 do av 825 at $7;

to Applebaum 7 heifers av 681 at

$6.50; to Golden 12 butchers av 662 at

$6.50, 15 do av 671 at $6.75; to Goose

18 do av 600 at $6.60; to Bresnahan 4

cows av 875 at $5.75, 10 do av 1039 at

$7.10, 2 do av 1200 at $7.25; to Mich.

B. Co. 15 steers av 936 at $8, 24 do

av 769 at $8.65, 21 do av 830 at $8.25;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 do av 856 at



8; to Bresnahan 7 cows av 880 at

$5.75; to Sullivan P. Go. 18 butchers

av.700 at $7.35; to Nagle P. Co. 7

steers av 900 at $9.25, 8 do av 926 at

$8.25; to Mich. B. Co. 23 do av 1183 at

$9.50; to oose 6 do av 520 at $6.50; to

Bray 7 cows av 800 at $5.50, 2 do av





1185 at $8.

Vea'l Calves.

Receipts 1032. Market 50c lower

than Monday. Best $15; others $9@





12.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Parker, W.

& Co. 2 av 205 at $15; to Sullivan P.

Co. 3 av 155 at $15, 7 av 115 at $10,

15 av 150 at $15.50; to Bernfeldt 6 av

145 at $12.50; to Hammond, S. & Co.

10 av 153 at $15, 9 av 165 at $15.25; to





‘Shipiro 9 av 160 at $15.50; to Nagle





P. Co. 3 av 175 at $11, 11 av 200 at $15.



McMullen, K. & J. sold Parker, W.

& Co. 3 av 190 at $14, 20 av 210 at

$15; to Hammond, S. & Co. 6 av 150

at $14.60; to Goodgold 2 av 195 at $9;

to Nagle P. Co. 4 av 155 at $12.50.



Erwin, S. & J. sold Thompson 9 av

180 at $15, 24 av 175 at $15.25; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 3 av 260 at $14;

to Rattkowsky 3 av 135 at $13.



Sheen and Lambs.

Receipts 2705. Market steady. Best





,lambs $14.75@15.25; fair lambs $13.50

@1450; light to common lambs $11@





13; fair to good sheep $7.50@8.50;

culls and common $5@7.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 16

lambs av 60 at $12.50, 36 do av 70 at





, $14.75, 6 sheep 'av 90 at $6.50, 1 lamb





wgh 80 at $15, 8 do av 75 at $15.25, 19

do av 65 at $15.23, 18 sheep av 100 at

s





. og . ~

Receipts ‘1860. Market 15@20c high-

er. Pigs ~$15@15.50; _mixed grades $17





@18.

$6.50, 45 lambs av 68 at $15, 2 do av

80 at $11, 11 sheep av 80 at $6.50.





SEED WHEAT 7°52"?

Valuable information about New and Tested varieties—

Kharkov—Harvest Queen—Fonz ates-Timothy. Alfalfa,

Clever and all fielgmeeede. Gives valuable plant-

ing instructions. viesl: producmgyanetiee—

nigger-makingideas about



Y





 





 





arr“

moo. Dept. 1131 Chicago





 





“beater-opiate

fall planting. Begum. Wore . lle etc-romirile today.

“um





latest markets. The late market e‘di- -





 

 

 





 





of limestone per acre.





as a matter of fact, sometimes





sufficient to properly sweeten your soil, t

take four to six tons, depending upon how low your ther-





mometer of acidity stands.





Get The Advice Of Our Chemists





We suggest that you test your soil with Litmus Paper. which we will

supply free. If your soil proves sour. send us aspmple and our laboratories

Will report a test to you made by the delicate Truogg" method. A test

which shows five different degrees of acidity.



Then we will make a recommendation to you. You will not be

obligated in any way but the information will permit you to go ahead and

correct your sour soil without chance or guess work.





~ made and ship ed

. jbyr , _





"fiolvay Process (2»





680 West





The Scientific Correction





of Acidity





You cannot get perfect results by trying to correct

an acid soil in a hep-hazard, guess-work manner. It

takes accurate scientific knowledge of conditions.



For example, when the thermometer stands at 30°F

it requires only a small amount of sunshine to correct

that freezing condition—just the same, when your soil

is slightly acid it requires only a small amount of lime-

stone to correct that sour condition and make it sweet.



When the thermometer stands at zero it takes more

sunshine than most winter days can supply to thaw

that freezing condition. But to sweeten an extremely acid

soil is simply a question of applying greater quantities

An accurate knowledge of just

how much to use is, however, essential.





_ Suppose you were trying to correct this freezing condii

tiou when our thermometer showed zero--20 degrees of sun-

shine wou dn’t do it. Suppose you were trying to correct an

acid condition in your soil without know1n% the degree of

acidi «perhaps one ton per acre would not

your abor of a plying would soon have to be repeated again.



. Many aut orities recommend the application of two tons

of limestone per acre of sour soil as a general prescription—





95 Th e h

%50-M:a:‘

Screen





e sufficient and





one ton per acre will be

en again it may





Detroit Mich.





 





Worms Should

Worry





But. the need never worry you if you feed Dr.

Lopes. edicated Stock Salt. It tones the system,

aids digestion.and makes more pounds of flesh on

the same feed. Get it at your dealers. or sent on

receipt of price 25 lb. pal $1.50. 50 lb. pail $2.50.

100 lb. sack $4.00.





USEz—Dr Lapes poutry tonic. Prevents descase.

keeps hens healthy. and healthy hens lay.

USE :- Dr. Lapse Lice Killer. It kills'em.





USE z—Dr. Lapes Fly (Si Iesect Destroyer. you’ll

get more mi .





’USEz—Dr. Lapes Nevrfale Healing Powder for





sore necks or shoulders. or any raw sore on

man or beast. it Will heal.





USE z—Dr. Lapes Smutene. guaranteed to prevent

smut and it will.





USE :—— your head. USEz—our preparations. we

will USE you right.





Dr. Lape Veterinary Co. Inc.

Adrian. Mich.





 





To obtain the highest rice to!

your Hay and Straw con go to us.

We specialise in Hay and Straw-

erte us for in (urination about our

' market. References: 4th Street

National Bank and Robert Morris

Trust Company.



B. H. RISHEL COMPANY, Inc:

429 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia





 





\ \

\ \\\\\\\\ : \\\\‘

. \





CIDER MILL





Boomer Boschcrt mill complete. Capacity 76 bushel

to cheese. Can make immediate shi merit. Will be

sold cheap. No apples here, write for ascriptlon.



Irving Becker. 2200 West Gd. Blvd. Detroit. Mich.





 





HA Ship To The Old Reliable Hone.

Daniel McCafirey'a Sons.

_ 623-625 Wain-Ii Bldg, Pittsburgh Pa.

iuins, write us.





We want your entire crop.

Write tor rubber stamp.

The I. L. Richmond 00.,

Detroit, Michigan.



6 8 AMERICAN BUTTER 8

CHEESE CO. DetroltJfllch





, :5an us SAMPLES FOR our sins

quNG-RANDOPH Bin!) 00.. Owosee. inch.





 





 





 





We paid 40 to 60 above Detroit

notations last week for New

aid Stock. If you have real



Fiesh Eggs and want promo





 





 





 





 





ALFALFA SEED





38.00 per bushel. Good urity and termination but dark



color. Better grades or more money. Write for free



samples and pri--es. Henry Field, Shenandoah, Iowa.

WE WILL SELL





40 Grade Cows ‘36. "131%?

r. a c. s'mone. South Rockwood. Mich:





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale

130 Acre Farm $3500





 





'4 Acres Corn, Acre Potatoes





15 Acres Grain, 8 Cows, Pr. Horses





5 calves and heifers. hens. wagons buggies. sleds.

sleigh harnesses. mower. rake. roller. grain drill,

plow. barrow. cultivator, cream separator. tools dry

stove wood and hay from 5 acres all thrown in by

owner if taken now so that can move at once to

smaller farm. 15 cow pasture; a' good bunch of wood;

pears. plums. cherries. and Supple trees, 8 room house.

tale bone. 46 ft. cattle barn horse barn, granary an



pou try house, ‘24 miles to school, a mile to stores an



churches. cream collected at door. ts kes every-

thing. Easy terms if desired. See page 18 Strout'e

Summer Oatal ‘ e of 4m bargains throughout a doz-

iian'u‘wlM‘léfi i°'n’;°i’15f°iso -" Est“

. v P a a Wall v.

New Yogi, N. Y





 





MALL format 21 acres for sale.l% mi. from Black-



L. stone Va. 3mm house small stable. Enquimot

owner. A. B. SKLDDEN. Blackstone. V

. /





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 





“ . 2.5"- J
s.. ‘ I

. 7 ...?9‘¥!¥IRX~ .;





2.... p.11... 2000

“200 Egg” Pedigree White Leghorns.





“ reds o-lay" Strain. ,

These vigorous, Agril- atched pullets will be laying

in a few weeks. T we birds of quality are the choic-

est ever offered for sale‘. Prices in hundred lots, 91

each now—31.25 A ‘st; Ema—81.50, September 'lst,—,

32 September 15th. ook your order at once. Thous-

ands of satisfied customers. .Cat ogue.

MICHIGAN POULTRY FARM. Lansing, Michigan

"Michigan‘s Largest Poultry Farm."





Yearling liens For Breeders





8. G. White Buff and Black Leghorns at 81.00 each.

SUNNYBROOK FARM, . - Hillsdale, Mich.





JOHN'S big beautiful hen-hatched Barred Rocks,

30.





 





 





 





god layers. Breeding gens (5 birds) 310 to m Eggs

50; III). $7.01rculars. hotoJohn Northon. ClareJiich.





EGGS FROM STRAIN with

Barred ROCkS: records to 297 eggs a year 82

1‘15. Delivered by sarcel post. prepai . . Circular





Fred Astling. onstantine. Mich.





   

   

 





 





 





 





DO

. free. .

G t L ti 1 b d-

Ilamd flock Hon: "feminism ’3‘“ m “’°

W. O. COFFMAN. R. 3 Benton Harbor. Mich.

A real heav laying strain, trapnested I

years, recor s from 200 to 264 eggs. Get

our special summer prices on yesrllng hens,

old pullets and da old chicks. We ship C. O. D. and

. guarantee results. atalog gives prices; describes-stock; tells

all about our farm and methods; results you can get by breed-

GEORGE E. FERRIS ’84 Union. Grand Rapids. Mich.

Oan furnish some fine Young's Strain White Leghorn

breeders. W. Van Appledorn. R. 7, Holland, Mich.

Fowlera Buff Rocks. fiz“,2fi°§€‘§§&°§

3.75 for 15; 81.50 for 30; $21” for 50; 83.50 for 100.

R. . OWLER,





I: ‘ Ferns White Leghorns

hr

6 breeding males, eggs for hatching. 8-week-

ing this strain. Send Ior your copy now—u is free.

oockerels at $1.00 to 82.00 apiece. Will make fine

3 F Hartford. Mich.





 





 





Buff Leghorns. August sale 25 hens one dollar each.

16 two dollar hens and cook bird for $20.00.

Dr. William A Smith. Petersburg, Mich.





lallJilI 8. ll. VI. La horn: Eitifeelfii‘i‘éiiiii’fisafiié





breeding hens now. verfresh Egg Farm, Ionia, Mich.





Pins Ilmi S. 0. While Orpingions, 3°53}. “3%.?

cocks and hens. also oung cockerels. MRS. WILLIS

HOUGH. PINE CR ‘ T FARM. Royal Oak, Mich.





HOMESTEAD FARM S





We now offer for immediate delivery the following

urebreed practical poultry : Yearling stock—White

.Jeghorn Hens, Brown Leghorn Hens Barred Plymouth

Rock Hens, Rose Oomb Black Minorca Hens, Rhoda

Leland lied Cocks. White Leghorn Cocks. Cookerels—

‘ hi Leghorn, White Wyandotte, Ancona. Barred

Plymouth Rock. Young White Pekin Ducks. We have

no more pul lets for sale now. Here is offered some pure

breed practical stock which‘is daily proving its value

in the direct Boultry product market we have built up.

All‘ this stoc is guaranteed. Write to us for prices.

HOMESTEAD 1“ EMS, Bloomingdale. Mich.





RHODE ISLAND REDS 3nd PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to “9:2 to 85: RR. hens

weight 5 to 10 lbs.. eggs 15 for 81.00; 100. $5; 120. $6.00.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 88lba. according

to age '6 to 825, 10 “RI ‘3. A. E. Cramton. Vassar. Mich.





Ii. C. Br. Leghorn c’krls. $1.00 each





from Kulp and Gale strains. Eg 1:84.00 or 100.

MR8. CLAUD A BITTS. filllsdafe. Michigan





 





 





 





 





‘ Good breeding hens at $1.50

a. and 5. Ce Reds. each for short time.“ Also

Belgian Hares. 0. E. Hartley, Ludlngton. Mich.





R 1. Red Summer Sale. Rose Comb cocks and hens.

.Sin le comb hens and pullets. All at bargain

prices. ockerels after September h.



INTERLAKES FARM. Box 39. Lawrence, Mich.





Hamburg Eggs setting $1.50 Bal-

Silver Spanged ance season. young Belgian

Hares pedigreed .mipair. Pedigreed Persian Kittens reat

hunters ’10 each. Send stamp. Riverview Farm, Vassar. ich.





 





 





: c w Leghorns at asacrifice buy them now. Two-

- - I ear-old hens 81 each: JRoosters 81 and 81.25.

HILL - EST POULTRY FARM. Ypsilanti. Mich.

SILVER Golden and White Wyandottes. Choice



breeding stock of sale afteriOct. let, a few bargains

in yearling hens. O. W. Browning, R. 2, PortlandJflch.





April Hatched. Standard Bred

's c. w- LIEIWYM- Oockerels on free range at 82.00

each. White Line Poultry Farm. Hillsdale. Mich.





wBITEWyandottes. A.1 lagers. Eggs for hatching

:1. 32. :3 for16. :7 per 100. pecial mating“ for 6

DAVID RAY. 709 Norris 8L. Ypsilanti.





 





ichigan.





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





We Offer a Few Special Bargains

In S. C. White Leghorn cockerels, Ram-

bouillet rams, Hampshire pigs (either

sex) and Holstein bulls. A good chance

for a small investment to reap the bene-

fit of a large expenditure of capital and

years of expert breeding.





Flanders Farm, Orchard Lake, Mich.

CATTLE.

Aberdeen - Angus





Herd established in 1900. Trojan—Ericas and Black

rds only. Bulls in service; Black Brandon 208932

Enoeof Vdvloorfieote 191382. Also breeders of Percheron

Sad e ones.

liilnoioooorn sroox FARM. Ionia, ‘Mich.





 





 





 





A N G U "CLOVERLY STOCK ‘RANOH.

Bulls. Cows and Heifers for

sale. GEO. HATHAWAY a SON. Ovid. Mich..





 





HOICE Angus Bulls for sale. Have several well

bred. excellent type Angus Bulls at reasoneble

prices. M. L. Smith. Glenwood Farm,Addison. Mich.





Registered Guernseys





Stock-always for sale. MI‘IRose Strain—Herd Tuber-

culin tested annually. ever had a reactor—no

abortion. J. M. WILLIAMS. North Adams. Mich.





of service age and calves from





Gm! Bulls oh 1 . as . . breedi .

'r. v. mans, Routeolfo mm: Congek. may





GU ER NS EY SE‘bfii‘fiE‘w‘rfi

,ntainins blood of world chain ions.

Bl ' GUERNSEY FARM. Saginaw. . S.. Mich





V Maltlobal- gulch: A“ on Page 130

\ , . ' -





 





 





 





Ducks Affected by Heat.



What is the matter with our young

ducks? 'They are hearty and all at

once theywi1l. twist .. their necks, run

around in a ring, drOp over and kick

as though they have fits. Some die

right away and others will linger for

a day or two. Have lost; 50 Indian

Runners. They act as though they had

a bug, or something, in their cars. We

feed bran and corn meal or cracked

corn. They have plenty of fresh water

to drink and free range.



Isabella Co. ‘ E. E. K.‘



The trouble with your ducks is prob-

ably due to exposure to heat, and to

over-feeding. Young ducks are’quite

susceptible to injury from excessive

heat, and should be furnished shade in

hot weather.



Care should also be used to see that

all the food they get is uncontaminat-

ed. Very often ducklings will not

clean up all the food that is given

them at one feed, and what remains

soon becomes wet and sours. This will

invariably cause digestive troubles.



Some of the most successful duck

raisers feed everything, including dry

grains, in pans of water, and 'as soon

as the ducklings are through eating,

what remains is thrown away. This

method (if feeding enables the ducks

to get sufficient water at feeding time,

and also gives them opportunity to

keep their bills clean. When fed dry

grains, ducks need something to help

wash the food down.



Too Much Corn.



As I am having trouble in my flock

of poultry, would be glad to have some.

advice along this line. The young

chickens, about eight weeks old, seem

to get red on the head and all the

feathers disappear except the wings,

and around the eyes are swollen and

black. They droop around for a week

or two, but seem to eat until the last

few days and then die. I have several

sick with this now, and several dead.

I have greased their heads now, but

do not know if it will help. I have

fed oat meal when small. Later chick

feed, composed of wheat, corn, oats,

buckwheat, grit and sunflower, etc.),





now I feed cracked corn. They have

no lice.

Newaygo Co. K. W.





The ration you are feeding your

chicks is undoubtedly the chief cause

of their trouble. The use of cracked

corn alone is not recommended for

either chicks or hens, especially in

warm weather, as it is a heating food.

For chicks it does not contain the prop-

er materials for the‘development of

bone and feathers, and it is probably

on this account that your chicks are

nearly featherless.



I would continue feeding a combina-

tion of wheat, oats and corn in equal

parts, and in a hopper feed bran with

about ten per cent of beef scraps ad-

ded. If you have available either sour

milk or buttermilk you will find them

one of the best foods you can give

chicks, and if you can give the chicks

all they want, you can cut; down the

amount of beef scraps about half.



Chicks Have Digestive Troubles.





I am losing my incubator chicks

which I am brooding with a hen. They

seemed all right at first, but now I am

losing most of them. They get weak

and dump for not more than an hour,

then die. I feed them common chick

feed with a little bran in it. They

drink lots of water. What can I do

for them? ,



Allegan Co. . - M. E. W.





As you have not stated the age of

your chicks, it is somewhat difficult to

tell what the trouble is.



If they are less than three weeks

old, they undoubtedly have white di-

arrhea, which is a. very common dis-

ease of young chicks, but if they are

older, probably the cause of the trou-

ble is ptomaine poisoning which has

been brought about by eating food or

drinking water which has become con-

taminated by filth. ' ‘



It is very essential to have the quar-

ters in which you keep the chickens

sanitary, and also to feed sweet clean

food. If you feed any wet mashes, be

sure that 'the chickens clean up all





 





that ydu feed them at one meal within





 





Poultry Query Department





 

 





half an hour. Dry grains, if thrown

on the ground and not cleaned up in a

short time will also become contami-

nated, especially" during rainy weather.

The drinking water should be changed

several times a day, and the recep-

tacle for it frequently scalded out.





There is no satisfactory control for

white diarrhea, except the feeding, of

sour milk to the chickens as soon as

they are able' to drink, and the only

practical way that you can hope to

get rid of the results of ptomaine

poisoning is to get rid of the cause

of it. '





 





PROPER CARE NOW PRIMES HENS

FOR WINTER LAYING.





 





Paying a little attention now to the

diet and general welfare of Biddy, the

hen, will return dividends by putting

eggs in the nest during the winter sea-

son, poultrymen of the Michigan Agri-

cultural College say.



“Provided poultry is given a little

care now, there is no reason why hens

cannot be made to lay more eggs this

summer, put on their winter feathers

early and get into condition for laying

through the winter,” according to Prof.

C. H. Burgess.



“The first step should be to see that

the hens are free from lice. Make cer-

tain that nests are clean and free from

vermin, and see to it that plenty of

good, cool, clean and pure water is

supplied. A moist mash fed once‘a

day, at noon, will tend to produce

heavy egg production. Care should be

exercised in the preparation of the

moist mash. This can be made of equal

parts by weight of Wheat bran, corn

meal, ground oats and middlings, to

which is added fifteen pounds of meat

scrap to every 100 pounds. Then thor-

oughly mix these. ingredients. Next

dissolve one-half pound of salt in sour,

or buttermilk, and with the ' hands

thoroughly rub the mash and milk till

every particle of mash is moist with

the milk. About twelve pounds will

serve 100 hens.



“Also feed each hen a tablespoon of

grain twice a day, morning and night.

This grain ration may be made up of

equal parts by weight of wheat, barley

and corn. Grain should be fed whether

the hens are on range or not.



“Another method for producing sum-

mer eggs is this: Grain should be

thoroughly mixed in the following pro«

portions: Thirty pounds of wheat,

twenty-five pounds of barley, four

pounds of buckwheat, fifteen pounds

of cracked corn, twenty pounds of cats

and six pounds of Kaffir corn.



“To make a mash mix thirty pounds

of wheat bran, twenty-five pounds of

ground oats, fifteen pounds of mid-

dlings, three pounds of oil meal (0..

P)., and ten pounds of alfalfa.



“The above is fed in hoppers.”





 





MONTH-OLD CHICKS.





 





Poultry-keepers with a day-old chick

trade can increase their sales and

profits by supplying month-old chicks.

New England poultry keepers charged

twenty-five and thirty cents each for

the latter last spring, double the day-

old chick prices, and found a new mar-

ket for stock. T—heir equipment of the

big coal-burning brooderswas increas-

ed to meet the demand. Those expert.

in brooder management, possessing a

sturdy strain, made very satisfactory

profits, the size of which, of course,

depended on per cent of chicks raised

to selling age. Chicks do not eat a

large quantity of feed during the first

month, and on a per capita basis

brooding costs are * insignificant.



Such a trade furnishes an outlet for

surplus chicks, a. desirable adjunct of

any day-old-chick business. - Many or-

ders, come in while theveg'gs are-in the





 

 

 





machines, and most day-old chick" men; 111.3





eggs'“than' they hays-orders for."

demand. dues not: meet exp





cause many people“ are not "familiar





with them—Will convert a problem'inJ





to profits. . .. , . ,



Month-Old chicks have decided ad-

vantages for beginners, despite the in-

creased Cost. . Brooding problemsLthe

downfall of 'so many novices, are obvi-

ated, and there is a fine chance to

raise a large percentage of the pur-

chase to maturity. There is a. market

for month-old chicks among people

who will not undertake the handling

of the “babies.”





New Hamp. J. T. BARTLETT.





 





FATTENING OLD HENS.





 





As the moulting season approaches

many old hens will be culled from the

farmer’s flocks and shipped to market

or sold to local dealers. The ship-

ments are made at a. busy time of the

year and often little attention is given

to finishing the stock so that they will

bring top prices. Fattening is some-

times considered a long, expensiVe

process and the hens are shipped to

market in poor condition with their

backs as rough and hard as a wash-

board. When a hen» is plump with a

little hump of fat on her back instead

of hard and rough, she is apt to be in

first-class market condition.





Fattening rations are not complicat-

ed or need not be to bring fair results.

The principle of fattening is to reduce

the exercise and increase the consump-

tion of fat-producing food. If the

farmer possesses a number of small

shed-roof brood coops such as are used

for sitting hens with chicks, these

coops will be fine for fattening hens.

Each coop will accommodate about

five hens without crowding and they

will have little opportunity for fighting

or scratching. Feed them three times

each day from a pan containing a

sloppy mixture of sour milk and corn

meal and allow the hens to eat all

they will conSumex After each feeding

remove the pan so that any remaining

feed will not become cofitaminated

with dirt and cause the birds to lose

their appetites. We have made 'old

hens show excellent gains simply on

this ration of corn meal and sour milk

fed for a week or ten days. It does

not pay to keep the hens confined over

ten days or they may become ill, or at

least lose their appetite, for the fatten—

ing mixture.





Crate fattening is practiced with

good results by some farmers and

when a large number of old hens are

to be fattened the crate will be mere

satisfactory than‘the brood coop meth

od. In either case and regardless’of

the equipment the farmer may possess

it will pay to make an effort to'fatten

old hens of the American or Asiatic

breeds. They make gains very easily

and the farmer who looks at the check





returned for a crate'of fat hens and '





compares it with the money received

for a thin “consignment will realize the

market value of fat stock. a We have

not found that it pays to fatten Leg;

horns as the gains they. are able to





make in a short time donot seem to ‘





make the work WOrth while. A Leg-

horn hen that is in fair laying condi-

tion can be marketed to good advan-

tage at the close of her laying period

without fattening. Of course, the re-

turns ‘will not be large but Leghorns

are active and nervous and we have

not found that they 'respond well to

close confinement and a fattening

ration. ' R. G. KIRBY.





 





In an experiment to determine the

profit on ducks hatched in incubators,

reared in broeders, and sold on the

local market at from ten to' twelve

weeks old, 3.18 pounds of? feed, per

agewsishmt. his and



four ...





. . . , .. .rfi'O’ns'.

month-old chine-“wan advertised, be: ‘





pound, of gain were: required,” the ayer





   

 





 





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meg-s. .. ‘





 

 





 





 





 





 





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:”/////J”





//////)’// I,





install the Genuine

MCQUAY‘NORRIS





I I, 7’

[34/ Z/ '4-





 





A/‘VI’





’

r l 4

III/111111110 )1





PISTON RINGS





for More Power—





Less Carbon





Get the“ Genuine. All garage and repair



men can give on immediate service on



them. If you ave any difficulty goth

writeue. We' llsoeyouaresup

Send for Free Booklet





_ ”To Have and b Bold Power. " You-sod It.

McQuay-Norrie Manufacturin n5.“ Co.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





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////////// //////// ////////////////.////////// /////////





 

 





 





m2: bflowa‘ to “agentlflglesgglfigg'





I100 to any farmer.





CHATHAM





Seed Grader and Cleaner





and seeks ranks-t see mix-





or £33.





Billy amass:





45...” m"?! aw





 





 





 





We Buy





Winter Vetch, Alsike and Red Clover.

Michigan Alfalfa. Rosen Rye. Red Rock

Wheat. Winter Barley. Spurry. Rape seed.

Garden Beans. Sweet Corn.





We Sell





Seasonable seeds - Turnips. Ruts. Bage—

Flowering Bulbs for fall planting. Tulips.

Hyacinths. Narcissus, Lilies. etc— Mich-

igan and Dakota Alfalfa. Sweet Clover.

Timothy. Clovers. Dwarf Essex Rape. Ped-

igreed varieties of Winter Wheat and R05-

en Rye. Ask for Fall price list mailed free.





S. M. ISBELL 8 CO.,





Box A, Jackson; Mich.





 





 





 





 





lliE BIIABIIIT'EE llME Mill FERTILIZER SPREADER

Thousands oi Sailsflid Save $15 by being

Users Through the first in your

suiihs llliilii - county to pur-

Slllfl Ind chase a Guaran-

Clash. tee Spreader.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





“Guersntee” is the name that you should ay atteh-

tion to. It stands for Quality and Satisfaot on It is

the name otaiood, blg.strong durable lime and fertili-



zer spreader t at contains i the latest patented fea-



tures and stands without an Equal for spreading lime

in an form. ground limestone. commercial fertilizer

anticlon Ifyou desire tosow the material in row just

merely push the spreading lever down. Shifting c utch

for thmwings reader in and out of gear is o erated





   

 

 

 





 





from seat. A etter Spreader Cannot Be Bui t Ex-

eedlngly low in sprioe. Catalogue and proof of its

superiority tor the asking. Write Us Today GUARANTEE

MANUFACTURING CO. Dept. 3-70. Baltimore. Md.

Huivssrss a... 3......

ing for cutting

(Jane and Katfir Corn. Outs

aired throws in piles on harvester.

horse outs and shocks

toBsOorn adorn r. Sold in every state. Price

on1y12 with fodder binder. The only self gatherin

ester on the market that is givi universe

satisfaction. —Dexter L.W ward.8 and y Hreekm N. ‘31?.

tes"3 years ago! purchased your 3”}!

Would not take 4 times the price of t anaehinel

could not get tanother 0119' Clare

8 more.0kls. ‘ Works5 times betterthenIexpleoti:

eraeveduo in labor-this fail. " Be 0: A.pple Parmersville.

Ohio: " l have used a corn shocker. corn binder-and 2 rowed

machines. but your machine them all and takes less

me. deny machine! have overused. " John 11.11.1311.”-

field. Oikahoms. “Your harvester gave good satisfaction while

all-[filling oanilo." K. F, Baal nit. Otis. Colo. "Justw

odved aletter from my father saying he received the corn

binder and he is cutti corn and cans new, Says it works

this and“ I can sell ot'slot them intent an; Writetorit:

s hit-sot master a wo teed-non

I I“$00 Selina. Kansas





When Writing to advertisers please





adenTbeMuclngsn Farmer.





\‘ \\‘\\





 





 

 





SIX-COUNTY RALLY A SUCCESS.





Ideal weather and the assurance of

spending a profitable daybrought over

one thousand Grangers to the six-coun-

ty rally at Jackson, August 10, even

though there is a great stress of work

on most farms.





The day’s activities were started by

a large auto parade through the city

to the Fair Grounds, at eleven o’clock,

which was led by Wm. Sparks, Mayor

of Jackson. After partaking of re-

freshments, the program proper was

held in front of the grand stand. This

was opened by a drill of Company L of

the thirty-first regiment, which is en-

camped on the grounds. The drill in-

dicated the efficiency of the American





' soldier, and gave the Grangers some





idea of the training he receives.





State Master John C. Ketcham pre-

sided as chairman and in his able and

forceful manner touched upon several

phases of Grange work. He said that

it was a compliment to Grange influ—

ence and Grange work that so many

should be in attendance in such busy

times.



The North Leoni Grange band dem-

onstrated their musical. ability in the

rendition of several. selections. The

band also indicated that it came from

a live and up-to-date Grange. Mrs. O.

J. C. Woodman, of Paw Paw, chaplain

of the Slate Grange, offered a prayer

which was most impressive. Mr. C.

F. Howland of the Board of Commerce,

in welcoming the Grangers spoke of

the change of feeling between the city

and country from that of antipathy to

one of co—operation. He also spoke

highly of the county agent work.





Mrs. Dora Stockman, Lecturer of

the State Grange, gave a very able

response to this welcome. She spoke

mainly of marketing methods and elim-

inationvof food waste. She said Amer-

ica had the worst market system in

the world. In Washington, D. C., the

annual cost of food delivery is $900,-

000, which makes a delivery cost in

the city of seven cents for every $1.00

worth of food. The farmers of the

country showed a fine spirit of patriot—

ism when they used high-priced seed

and increased food production one mil-

lion acres with no knowledge of what

they would get for their crops. The

canning campaign has taken care of

what seemed to be excess production

of garden products and has kept the

prices of these products from slump-

ing. City people have taken to the

canning idea so thoroughly that in

Lansing the grocers had difficulty in

filling the demand for canning pro—

ducts. The Lansing Gas Company’s

records also show that more gas was

used during the month of July than

any other preceding month.





Mr. A. E. Illenden, of Lenawee coun-

ty, also gave a short response in be-

half of 'the visiting Granges, after

after which Hon. Chase Osborne, of

Sault Ste. Marie, gave the speech of

the day. He touched upon state condi-

tions and the seriousness of the war.

He said that We were fortunate to get

in this conflict with Germany when we

had able allies, as in the past we have

been on the verge of war with that

government several times. ’

A very pretty drill was given by a

team of twenty-eight. girls from Han

mony Grange, Wayne county, dressed

in white middies and caps, with green

ties, after which Miss Selina. Deline

gave a fine humorous reading. Mu-

nity Grange, the baby Grange of Jack-

son county, also presented a drill by

a. team of twelve young ladies and

twelve young men. They were dress‘

ed in white and red. Both teams show-

ed excellent training, the evidence of

which was indicated by the frequent





 





 





applause, especially by the boys in





 





I EllilIIIII|IIIIIIlIIlIIIIIllIIIIIIIlIIIlIIlllIIlIIIIlIIIIIIIIIllIIIIlIllIIIIIIlllIlIlIIIIlIIIIlIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Farmers’ Clubs





EllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllE

Address all communications relative





to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell. Mich.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.

IlllIIllIlIIllIlIIIIIl





THE BEST llNIIiEliT





ll PM! KILLER M iii! 1111111! 1111111

Gombault’s





Gauslic Balsam





IT HAS NO EQUAL





   





 





Associationai Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer's most valuable

asset.”





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations."





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





What is Expected of the Implement

DealerY—The Conway and Handy Un-

ion Fa1mers’ Club met at the home of

Mr. and Mrs. O. E. Carr, August 3. The

meeting was called to order by the

president and was opened by selections

on the phonograph, which were muéh

enjoyed. Prayer was offered by Mr.

J. B. Fuller. “The topic, “What we

farmers expect of the implement deal-

ers,” was opened by Arwin Killinger.

He thought that every dealer should

be acquainted with the soil conditions

in his locality and should study the

tools best suited to his locality. The

implement dealer should know how to

set up and adjust every tool sold by

him. The dealer can be of great ser-

vice to both manufacturer and buyel.

The dealer should become acquainted

with all new tools and test them for

serviceability to his own locality. Farm

implements can be obtained at a lower

cost if cash is paid, helping both deal-

er and the manufacturei. It is very

necessary that implement dealeis

should keep necessary repairs on hand,

especially at harvest time, insuring no

delay which might result in loss of

crop. The up-to date dealei should

have a sample of the machinery which

he wishes to sell, for the inspection of

customers. Mr. Killinger thought that

demonstrations of the new machinery

was a great help to buyers. The topic

was discussed by Mr C. Copeland. He

thought that as the dealer did not

make great profits, repair service

should be consistent with p10fits.Cash

is necessary to the dealer, and as a

result of paying cash a lower price of

machiner is secux ed for the customer.

The topic was discussed by Mr. F.

Rathbun, who believes that every dea1~

or should have Service as a slogan.

The dealer is occasionally called to ad-

just trivial tioubles, which with a lit-

tle careful inspection could be adjust-

ed by the owner of the tool. Binder

repairs should be ca1ried by the deal-

er so that in case of breakage no de-

lay will be necessary. The dealer

should keep customers posted on raise

in prices. If savings can be made for

the customer the customer should be

informed of it. The topic w as discuss-

ed by J B. Fuller, Alton Grant, John

Snyder and Mrs. F. Rathbun.





III[IllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIllIIII|IIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIlIIII

khaki‘ who witnessed the drills.



The flag for the Grange coming the

longest distance with the largest num-

ber of members, was awarded to Har-

mony Grange, Romulus, Wayne county,

which brought fifty-five members sixty-

five miles to attend the rally. The

flag for the best decorated auto was

won ‘by a member of North Leoni

Grange. Other prizes were awarded

to the autos representing Jackson P0-

mona Grange and Hillsdale Pomona.

The flags were donated by Jackson

commercial organizations. .



For the 'close- of the program the

Hawkins family, consisting of nine

members, sang “Tenting on the Old

Camp Grounds," and three of the boys

of Company L sang several selections

which met with considerable favor.



The rally was a rally in the true

sense of the word. Enthusiasm and

Grange interest was abundant and this

coupled with a, fine day, made the trip

one of pleasure to everyone.





COMING EVENTS.





 





The Ionia County Grangers are very

much alive, and are planning a big

rally to be held at Lake Odessa on

August 23, and through the columns of

the Michigan Farmer wish to extend

an invitation to grangers of adjoining

counties to attend this meeting which

promises to be unusually good. A

splendid program is being prepared.

Boy scouts will drill. Music by Clarke-

ville band. Rev Russell Bready as

special speaker for the occasion.





   

 





 

   

 





   

   





 





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





   

   

 





- —it is penetrat A

For ing,sootl1lng and POM“, “'9

healing,and for all Old and

th Sores, Bruisespr

. Wounds, Felons Roll-bl. ROM

Exterior Gauge", Bell; '0'

Grill Xi

mm“ a" BMW.“ Sore Throat

OAUsnc BALSAM has

Body 2° $533.11? Chest 0°“

. Backache

We would say to sill Neuralgla

who buy it am it less

I!“ contain a article sprains

s smsonous s 3 sees

and therefore no llll‘lll Strain.

can result from its el- Lu mbago

terminus. Persistent. .

iberouihuss .2; c... Diphtheria

111m s or tome

ailments and It can be so" Lung.

section any case that Rheumatism

rascal-es :11 ”My“: and

a In 111 n In .

.51"... an... all $1111 Jomte





 

 





 





 





 





REMOVE: THE SURENESSnSTIEiiBTBEIS "US$13

Cornhill. Tex. —"One bottle Cauelle Ills-m did



my rheumatism more good than $120.00 paid in



doctor sbills.’ 0110‘ BEYER.

Price 01.80 per bottle Sold bwrunists, or sent

us express prepaid. rite! for





Ills UWIENBE-WILUIMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0.





 

   

   

 





 





 





Saves Its Cost





on any term

£1 2L9: day’s operation

The American Buncher





*

Is an attachment that you can attach

to your mower. it means a higher

yield and a better grade of clover

or alfalfa seed. Its perfect action

nrsvents the loss of a single head.

even when the seed 1s dead

:‘ ‘ ripe. Increase' In yieldover

other seed sa1ers ranges

from 25 to 50 per cent.

at our free catalog

The American

Buncher Mfg. Co.

‘ Indianapolis.



(1.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





 





Save Labor and Time--





Get an lXL Windmill





Day or night—winter or summer—the IXL

windmill will work for 1 cu. it will p111 for

itself many times (11er. Decide now to rid

yourself of the pumping prol1.lcm The IX].

VINl)‘\ilLL has no chains or pulley s to bind-

a child can easily pull it out

of gear. Always works in the

slighest bree/c.





 





 





Write today for

free catalog. lie-

sponsihie agents

wanted.





Pholps- Bigslow

Windmill & Mfg. Co.

Kalamazoo, Mich.





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





Dryer only, 17:25. Parcel Post Paid $3. 50

Combination Dryer and Canner - $7. 50 Up

Illustrated olrcular gives prices and descri tion of





various size (in ers dz combmation outfits. rite for

it. Agents 11 anted. McClure Steve 00.. Wooster, 0,





Pulverized limelrock for‘ sour”



, soils. Write for L0 WPRICEB

DIRECT TO YOU and we will



send sample and full particu-



Write to Miles nearest you.





is are.

LAKE SHORE STONE COMP

Muskegon. Mich.. and South Haven. Mich





AGRICULTURAL llME £33323: strum





Limestone, also pulverized burned lime. all made from

high calcium limestone. Guaranteed to be the best on

the market. Your inquiries solicited. Samples furn-

lshed on request. Northern Lime Co. P.etoskey. Mich





HORSES





OVERSTOCKED





20 head horses and colts fer sale including! team chest~

nut mares 3300 1 team grins 3200.1 black mare 1&0 and

colt. Ten head colts one to three (“are fro om these

large mares. Albert B. Holmes. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





For Sale lReg. Black Percheron

lStallion Colt





Weighing 1&0 pounds at 24 mos. old Sired b St iii

Weighingy 2100 Esponnds well bred and riced y ahe l on

Okemos (Ingham 80. I Mich





SHETLAND PONIES‘





200 head to select from. Special prices on colts for A

net and September. Write Dept .12. The SHADYS “E

Farms. North Benton. Ohio.





REGISTERED PERC HERON





Mares andStallionsprioedE to sell. Ins eoti

1. c. HUNT. arrest nKrrn'i'lli'algsl.





 





 





 





thmnleolslsins. A11 3,8lm romlllm, limes





RR D. B UILL. mire. chino.





m 3111 actresses mg? 11......





ousted. E. J. A l.drich Toke
Home Office: Graebner Bldg., Saginaw, W. S., ‘Michigan

> Executive Office: 319 Widdicomb Bldg., Grand Rapids, Michigan





This Company is backed by more than 500 of the best live stock farmers of the state. and we have

more than 8100.000 deposited with the State Treasurer as a guarantee of the Company’s responsibility.





We insure all live stock-horses. cattle. sheep and hogs against death from any cause.‘





We issue individual and blanket policies covering any and all conditions—herd policies. feeding

policies, shipping policies, 30 day foaling poliCles. etc.





We want a local agent to represent us in every community in Michigan.



We want every farmer in the State of Michigan to insure his live stock with us.

We will give you asquare deal.



Write for information.





— Colon C. Lillie, Pres. and Supt. of Agts.

Harmon J. Wells, Secty. and Gen. Mgr.





figfifihfififi iii-iigiiiiziifiéiiiii lAlwaygsTHagellliolsteins

0 e





If wanting Registered cattle write me your wants

before placing your order elsewhere.





Registered Holsteins. l::.h£3:.§:rsoult.ix: 1" 5- CONNELLe Fayette, Ohio

Need Reg. Holstelns??





Satisfaction guaranteed.W.B.Joncs & J. F. Lutz, Cohoctah.|iich.

. h ' d .

F OR SALE E:§°,’3;°%ug§,fsg§3%{,uf"f,°o" 1:3,. Youlcafn't findi better [Bred gullgghanhwwret‘ofleéring.

‘ ‘ ' , rea y or serv ce. on on’ no can . e rue on.

a'lslcg‘yfia’ked “d m." “mum“tzfigl‘atfefi‘lch, Get our description booklet. LONG BEACH Psalms,

‘ ' ' Augusta, (Kalamazoo (30)., Michigan





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms, Butter Fat Counts





BREEDSVILLE. MlCHii l Holstaeiin Bull: Calvfestgromxa 33 lbf 6353 at girehDam



' ' are ran aug ers o e n o e on aca.



Have Some Fine Registered Stoc For 83. e Thelrdams grand dau hters of Sadie Vale Concordia

the first 80 lb. cow. dwin S. Lewis, Marshall,Mich.





Registered Holstein 22:833. sharia?





sires. Priced to sell. Fred J. Lange, Sebewaing, Mich.





 





 





' I and Grade Guernse cows, bulls

RegIStered yearlings, heifer ca ves: will sell

20. Some with records; choice of 45; must reduce herd;

tuberculin tested. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne. Iiich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





EG. HOLSTEINS: Herd headed b Albina Bonta

RButter Boy No. 98124. Dam's recor at 6 yrs. butter

28.581bs.millr619.4. Yearly record at 2% yrs, butter

332 lbs. milk 1322 lbs. W. B. HEADER. Howell, Mich





OAK LEAF FARM

Herd Sire

Ypsiland Sir Pietertle De Kol

' b ll .1! sold. Bu acalf and raise it. Fine

linedl’v‘rlzgualls s‘i'land 5 months old. E. H. Gearharté

Son, Marcellus, Mich., R. No. 4. ,





 





. sister to dam

of 35 lb. cow. bred to % brothert030 le yr. old. Terms

if wanted. M. L. McLAULIN. Redford. Michigan.





 





' ' Queen Butter Boy A. R. 0. and

".glfiflrod "0'3“." two demfihters one ten days and

one 11 months. 0. G. ine. Rochester, Mich.





 





 





Buy Your Bulls From Parham’s Pedigree Slack Farm





i Re istered Holstein calves from A. R. 0. cows.

Oho c‘ltAi? B. PAR M. Bronson, Michigan.





GLUNYETUGK FARM





100 REGISTERED HOLSTEINS loo 0n 0ur Easy Payment Plan zgywmrgghigigeigg

- giggling}; £12133]! in our stables. Prices from $50 up.





months old, also twelve head of grade Holstein cattle.

The DECKER FARMS, Brighton. Mich.





 





Registered Cows. $$l£232$22332§i§°§3fi





breeding and good individuals. B. B. Reavey, Akro,n, lich.





For Sale :—-l7 mos. old bull whose 7 nearest dams Ypsilanti. Michigan.

average 560.1 lb. milk and 25.679 lb. butter in 7



days. Sire is by the son of a 32.9 lb. cow and BINKL‘MD HERD BU“. CilVES orgafafigafiefi

from a 31 lb. 4 yr. old cow. Dam is 3. 22,5 lb. Jr. prices. JOHN A._RlNKE, Warren. Mich.

3 yr. old daughter of a 26.5 lb. Jr. 4 yr. old cow. For 8 l 2 Reg. Holstein cows? years old due to fresh-

whose dam ’3 a. 27 113' COW' a B envéio‘pt. land 8. Well marked. price right.



Ready for immediate heavy service. Priced to 0- L- 31114191 1 & SON. Okemos. Mich.

sell immediately. Send for pedigree and price.





 





 





 





 





should be eaten by him.





 





   





ms: ,. so re "‘~ "





Iéss perihead than if fat, and the»? ’11





 





Even» though the hog furniShes the ' ,

most meat for a given amount'of feed, can be put on by'the purchaser more

and will produce it in the quickest cheaply than it can be bought in the





s





 





 





_ time, the Department of Agriculture open market.





points out that .this meat should be These ewes are usually free from

produced mainly from food wastes and stomach worms, and thanks to the rage

not from good grain that would furnish ulations governing the interstate ship-

food directly to man. The great econ- ment of sheep, are free from sheep

omy in pork production comes from scab_or other communicable diseases.

the fact that pigs furnish a food by- They can ordinarily be purchased





product from these wastes and do not through commission men on such cen- -





need the high-grade feeds that beef tral markets as Chicago, Omaha, Kan-

cattle- must have. sas City, etc., or direct from the range

Wastes on farms.and in the towns breeders. Regardless of how they are

make good hog feed; hy-products from purchased, .the ”buyer should. insist

canneries, bakeries, fisheries, packing that the stock be healthy, sound of

plants and the like can be utilized as teeth, and hays good udders and teats.

hog feed and to better economic ad- '

vantage than in any other way. Dairy

wastes are particularly valuable as .

hog feed and promote rapid growth Central‘Wyoming reports a big yield

with a good money return for every of alfalfa hay this year, while cattle

gallon fed. , are' in good condition. Sheepmen suf-

The farm orchard furnishes large fered severe losses the past spring,

quantities of wind-fallen or defective but otherwise everything is in good

fruit, which is relished by hogs, and is shape. ' -

beneficial if fed in small quantities A short time ago the famous Rankin

frequently, and not all at one feed. Brothers, of Nebraska and Missouri,





had on the Chicago market in a single

Garden wastes, tops . 0f vegetables, day 14 carloads of cattle from Nebras-

culls Of all sorts. even weeds, are read- ka and three cars from Missouri. The





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





3 flolslein fleflefs 3‘33 Aral-336» Their dam’s l'ly eaten, and such as may not be eaten brothers utilize 30,000 acres of land,





will be worked over, going into 'the most 9f.“.'hi0h is in Missouri and in

be d din and a d din to the manure the adJomlng county of. Fremont, Iowa.

. g g ' About one-half of their land 18 used

Kitchen wastes are an excellent for pasturage and most of the remaind-

source of foodkfor hogs, but should be er for corn. The brothers own thirty





FOR SALE ggvofi; ($3111 3333? 301:?ng yhgllté kept at a minimum, because practical- $1108 and feed 8,000 head of cattle and





, from 7,000 to 8,000 hogs. One of the

13’ all fOOd prepared for mans use Rankins said that the live stock indus-

try is a profitable one when a good

sow will bring from $25 to $50, as sows

have done this year. He added that,





 





COLD FALL RA'NS lNJURIOUS T0 in his belief, high prices have lowered





COLTS. the supply of breeders to a point that

will result in a serious shortage in the





hog supply 'later on.





Such sheep markets as are witness-

ed thls year were never known in for-,





The exposure of, young horsesto the

short spells of severe weather which





occur frequently during the fall. causi mer years, the small lamb crop having

es a shrinkage in live weight and is a resulted in sending prices to higher

hindrance to rapid and ecnomical de- levels than were ever seen at any for-





EG. Holstein Bull Calf. The last one until winter Iner time in the history 0f the induStrY-



. agood one with A. It. 0. backing. Write for .ed: veloDment' Older hOI'SGS seem to Fluctuations in rices are f uentl

R. BRUCE MCPHERSON, HOW8ll,Mlch. igree and price. Elmer L. Smith, Redford. Mllch. stand this SOl‘t of treatment With less extremely wide, pand the bigreplacker:

WINNWOOD H E R D H E R E F OR D 5 loss. It is doubtless true that animals make a common practice of bringing





REGISTERED HOLSTEINS





Holton, Mich. _

Reference: Old State Bankv Fremont. Mich.

Flint Ma lecrest Bo sire in service



His sire is Map ecrest Kern yke Hengerveld. his 3

Nearest Dams each over30 lbs. of butter 1n7 days.

His dam and grand dam both made over l232 lbs. of

butter in lyear. It. isthe yearly cow we are looking

for to deliver the goods. Flint anlecrest Boy's Dam is

Gluck Vasser Bell, 30.57 lbs. of butter 1n 7 days and 120

lbs. in 30 days. Her butter fat test is 5.27. This looks

about right to the man who goes to the creamery.

We have Bull Calves from 2 weeks to 8 months old for

sale at dair farmers' prices all out of A. R. 0. Heifers.

Write & tel us the kind of a bull you want.





John .Winn. (inc.,) Holton. Mich. , ‘

842 Lbs. BUTTER -





Sires in service, Governor by Prince

Donald Militant Farmer by Farmer

(Imp), Bonnie Brae Jr. by Bonnie

Brae 24th. Inspection invited.



ALLEN BROS., PAW PAW, MlCli.





 





 





. ' of your herd



I the avera e of the semi-omcinl records of our herd ' The unprovemeni ,

hill sdam (gt 2 yrs. ), his grand-darn (at 3 yrs.) and his depends_ chiefly on the selection

reat grand-dam. Three choice young bulls from A.'R. of ugh: are. Get the best.

5. dams. Herd tuberculin tested annually. Holstelns Read the ads of Jew breeders

of course. Peaceland Stock Farm. Three Rivers, Mich. in this and other papers. Write

Chas. Peters. Herdsman. C. L Brody.0wner. Port Huron. Mich. cm at once “if" pficq, l.-





PURE bred Holstein Bull born July 15. 1917, not elig- grees, elc. Buy a Jersey this spring





ible to record, 15-16 white. :1 00d one. 335 crated&

dcliveredlanvwherciustate. Newton Ellhfil‘t. St.Jnhns. Mich.





‘HoTsteins vs. Berksiiféé





The greatest of Live Stock Combinations.





This

d l R de in rd.



Book a“... mail; muons midis



even grade Jerseys surprisingly profitable.





Send for our free book. "The Story of the

so ‘nd I “is





Jersey the truth concerning





great breed. .

I



The American Jersey Cattle Club



The Holstein furnishes you the largest production 346 West 23“! Street. New York Clty



of Milk which separated gives you great hog feed—



Skim ilk. '



The Berkshire will make wonderfpl growth on skim

milk. natures food. It balances any food you raise on

your farm. Other conditions equal the man With skim

milk alwa s excells in hog ralsmg. .



The Holstein and the Berkshire is each more prof-

itable to you by reason of the other.



We have the best to offer you in each breed. A young

bull out of a tested dam and a trio of spring pigs for

your breeding pen would prove the best of investment.

smviding you feed land cgreAffilr tthelr‘n as you tshguld. . _ For sale ten mo th



. ici . s cc uaran so as n s

£ggggg%dence so to 8 ‘ HIllSIde Fm Jerseys. .old bull backed on both

sides by ififiIg/IE dams With high official records.





SWlliARTDALE FARM





PETERSBURG, MlCI—l. Maple Hill Farm floglsimd lusty Galilo





 





from high-producing dams,wltii



Jena! 3"": hr sale testin Asso. records, also on

semi-omcial test. 0. B. We ner. R. 6. Allegan. Mich

for sale. ready for service. Out of



Jersey Buns good producing dams. Prices right.

R. B. FOWLER, Ilartford. Mich.





 





Ste

J. R. Worthington. R. No. 7. Lansing. Michigan





The Wildwood Fa rm



Breeder of Line bred Majesty strain of Jersey Cattle.

Herd-on R. of M. test. Tubercu

sale. Type & Production is our motto. Alvin Balden. Capac. lich.





 





Purebred Registered

H 0 LST E I N

CATTLE





. we. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale.



Enthusiastic Holstein Clubs county,

district and state, have been Organized all over





tect colts frOm wind, rain, sleet, and

snow will prevent part of such loss in June to July salting selling up to 33

weight.

housed too closely and prevented frOm

taking plenty of exercise, but

should not be subjected to extremely through that state,

bad weather if they are expected to that there will be built this year about

make satisfactory growth.





,, Ypsilanti, Michigan ment of Agriculture finds.

range ewes are being used to start left standing in the .field; so that one-

ck under 254 years all 1 . farm flocks in the corn belt and in the thlrd Of this new Silage means abso-

east.

have already proved their ability to twenty-three thousand others built in

intested.Bullca]vegfo'r produce market-topping lambs when former years.





mated 'to good rams of mutton breeds and 01d Silo?! numbering twenty-eight

L'fll‘fl‘m’m“ vac‘m“ Bullo‘hm,mmn and when_well cared for during the thousand, wrll conserve 2,800,000 tons





become accustomed to winter weather in large 5111291165,“ southern lambs di-

but frequent changes from fine fall rect to their Chlcago plants in order





to hold down prices on the open mar-





weather to bad storms retard gains in ket.

colts without shelter.





Most of the cornfed cattle recently

Four yearling Percheron fillies with headed for the Chicago and other west-





an average weight of 1169 pounds on em primary markets were fed in a





short period and were shipped in from





pasture, with a ration of six pounds of six to- eight weeks earlier than they

corn and oats (one-half of each by would have been had the cost of corn

weight) daily shrunk an average of 32 not been 30 nearly DI‘OhibitiVB every-

pounds each during the spell of severe where.

weather on October 18 to 20 of this

year, at the University of Missouri. blue grass pastures for corn.

Aged mares in foal, lost only slightly

during the same period.





The unprecedentedly high

price of corn has caused many Illinois

farmers-stockmen to plow up their

The Chicago hide market has been

exceedingly active of late, with inter-

. - - , est centering mainly in selections of

InexpenSlve sheds thh W111 pro packer hides taken on government op»

tion, some 21,000 native steer hides of





Growing horses should not be. cents a pound.



A short time ago the extension au~

thorities of the Ames, Iowa, experi-

ment station made a thorough trip

and ascertained





they





five thousand new silos, or an average ‘

of fifty silos to each county. This

means thatabout one billion pounds of

new silage will be conserved in these

new silos. As hay is selling this year

around $15 per ton in Iowa, and silage

fed with corn is worth $6 a ton, the en-

The demand for breeding ewes has tire amount of extra silage is valued





E. A. TROWBRIDGE.





 





EWES FOR NEW FARM FLOCKS.





 





exhausted the local supply in many at approximately three billion dollars.

sections, the United $tates Depart- It 15 figured that thirty per cent of the





live stock feeding value of the corn

Western crop is wasted when the stalks are





lute gains. In edition to these five





In the corn belt these ewes thousand new silos, Iowa has about





The total of these-new





of silage, valued at approximately $16,-





0010“ O-L““°'0°°P°"'“1°e Mich winter and after lambing. They may 800,000; and it is estimated that it is





needed" to put 'them in good condition _ ‘





 

 

 

 

 

 





the country, and the are making wonderful

progress in establishing testing. associations,

and in oo-operative effortin eradlctlng disease

among their animals. They inspire in their

members a high standard of dealing. and in

many ways accom lish the maximum of go

for all breeders o Holsteins in their localities.

There's big money in the big “Black and White"

Holsteins.





Semi for FREE Illustrated Duariptim Bookish

The Holstein—Frieda: Association oi Alla-lea.

r. L. Houghton. Sec’y.. Ben m. Braflleboro. VI.





.s





 





 





 





 





' ' A Y a ll Heifer. are bred Ho].

For Sale stein: girgfmlantha ohanna Cream-

~. on Dan: Elizabeth 3.3:. Lyons. If you want





blood of the breed.





 





mbination 5 Premier.





 





 





. OR 8 . 8h rt II

F Mom‘rlgh-m asogof .ononflI

old. John Schmid "





. W. RNA". Howell. Ilia!!!“-





 





aoaieLtiili'is good. write. Goo Clarke, Vassar. Mich. l





is b 'Muwalton

e. ’11,)!!! itoOmos.





Ma le lane a. of M. Jersey herd oilersforsale be expected to do well on the farms Sufl‘iment for carrying a million head

D tuberculin tested .cows. bulls. bull

calves and heifer calves. carrying the best B. of M.



11:er FOX. Allegan. men.





s'i‘. Clair County Jersey Cattle Club. We have for sale

Bulls old enough for service and Bull calves. from

best stains of Jersey Cattle. Majesty's. Noble of Call-



00 etc. Write for Pedi-

grees,price and particulars. Fred A. Brennan. Sec .Oapac.Micll





Notten Farm Jerseys fifffi‘; 3:;

for sale. ROTTEN FARM. Grass Lake. Mich.





Shor‘lilom Callie 0i hour Sex for Sale“





east of the corn belt, and ongthe hilly £33333 £3333 feeding 93”“ 0f ”9

pastures‘of the Appalachian Mountain It has been known 1.61. some time

system. _ that the Kansas pastures are unusually

In purchasing these ewes care should well stocked this summer with cattle;





be taken to obtain these with sound but it is now learned that these 0011‘





teeth, uddersthat are soft and pliable, :{gtplgiggyogfgfg‘slf‘gfiffig gaggsgagg

and teats that are sound and have no carrying them through the approach:





hard cores. Ewes from one to three 1113 autumn and winter on silage and '

years of age are to. be preferred.





roughness. Therefore, unless a severe-

These ewes may be in ‘thin condition ed from that state William: b'





 





 





t. Rood Clip, 3. '39.}. Michigan.-





 





drought is experienced, cattle

but should buffer no discrimination on in numbers than 118mb
CON D





 





 

 





eterinar'

p “ , ’. ‘ _llllllllllllllllllllllllmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllla

CTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Scrotal Hernia—I have a colt about

four weeks old that is troubled with

scrotal hernia, but this is not an ex-

tensive rupture; however, I would like

to know how the case should be treat-

ed. W. 'J. P., Benzonia, Mich—If the

breath is not hurting the colt, leave it

alone and very likely it will be well

in sixty or ninety days; if not, operate

on it as soon as it is weaned. If you

believe that the colt suffers any pain,

ask your local Vet. to operate on it at





 





 

 





g,

’0





 





Illllllllllllllllll





 

   





 





once.



Partial Paralysis—I have a brood

sow 18 months old that will weigh

about 175 pounds. 'Recently she seems

to have lost control of her hind legs.

She appeared to be pretty well up to

the time her pigs were five weeks old,

since then she has not been able to

stand on her hind legs. She has been

in this condition for the past three or

four weeks, but I do not believe that

she suffers any pain.. M. W., Carson-

ville, Mich—Give your sow 15 drops

of tincture nux vomi’ca and 5 grs. of

potassium iodide at a dose in feed or

drinking water three times a day. She

will perhaps never be able to handle

her hind quarters in a normal manner

again, but instead of feeding her corn

feed her oats, oil meal, tankage, and

grass.

should fatten rapidly and soon be in

market condition.



Hernia.—-—I have a mule that devel-

oped a breech in left lower part of

abdomen some time ago, and bunch

appears to be gradually growing larg-

er. This swelling is puffy and with

pressure can be made smaller. The

mule appears to be in good health and

is fifteen years old. W. W. D., Clarks.

ton, Mich—Very little can be done to

relieve your mule; however, she may

remain useful for light work.



Malignant Sore—I have a colt psix

weeks old with a sore on side of hock

about three—quarters of an inch in

diameter which discharges a yellow

pus and refuses to heal. I forgot to

say that the entire hock joint has been

swollen for the past four weeks. This

colt was weak at birth, unable to get

up without a struggle and would fre-

quently fall. This is when I thought

the joint was injured. I have kept it

greased with wool fat and applied per-

oxide. J. H. F., Montague, Mich—You

will obtain fairly good results by ap-

plying equal parts of powdered alum,

tannic acid and boric acid to sore

twice a day and occasionally paint the

wound with tincture of iodine, and

discontinue using ointment.



Black Mare Pants—I have a black

mare five years old, 1400 lbs., in foal

which does not perspire but little dur-

ing the hot weather, but pants 3. great

deal. After stabling her she seems

to break out in perspiration. Can she

be cured? E. H. W.,/Monroe, Mich.—

Your mare should be' sponged off with

tepid water three times a day. She

should be fed enough grass or green

food to keep her bowels open. Give

her 179 dr. of fluid extract nux vomica

and two tablespoonfuls of tincture of

arnica at a dose in drinking water

three times a day. A black horse usu-

ally suffers more or less from exces-

sive heat and should not be over-ex-

erted when the weather is exceedingly

hot; besides, they shOuld be rested oc.

casionally in a shaded place. Their

stable should be well supplied with

fresh air and it will help them to wear

a light, light-colored sheet over upper

part of body, if the sun is shining.



Contagious Abortion—Four of my

cows have miscarried at seven month

gestation period; our local Vet. was

consulted, and pronounced them cases

of contagious abortion. What do you

advise me to do? E. W. H., Ionia,

Mich.——It would perhaps pay you to

have your Vet. treat your cows, for by

domg so, they might yield more milk

and. be more likely to get with calf

again. Doubtless you have made clips

pings of how. to treat or stamp out

contagious abortion from your herd,

prov1d1ng you care to do the work

yourself. If your cows have been bred

and are w1th calf again, they will per-

haps carry their calves full gestation

period. As you perhaps know, there

has not _yet been discovered a sure

and certain remedy for above ailment.



Stifle Weakness—We have a three-

year-old filly that will weigh about

1300 pounds, but she appears to be

wrong in both hind legs. When allow-

ed to stand in stable overnight she be-

comes stiff and until she moves a few

rods, does not walk natural. After she

gets to going she. appears to work as

well as ever, but I am at a loss to

knovlr what 1is wrong. 0. McG., Fre-

mpnt. Mich—The ligaments of beth





stifie'joints areweak, allowing the cap





‘simple home healing remedies,





If she is in high flesh she.





23:”





 





WNW , ,



equal parts turpentine, aqua ammonia

and raw linseed oil to stifle joints twice

or three times a week.



Strangles.——-My two-yearold colt had

what ,our local Vet. calls strangles,

lump formed under throat the size of a

foot ball, opened inside and outside

also. There are many pus pockets

which fill, and other bunches are form-

ing. The colt is running on pasture,

eats and drinks all right, but I would

like to know what had better be done

for him., J. M., Stockbridge, Mich.—

Paint bunches with tincture of iodine

daily until they soften, then open them

up freely to allow pus to drain out;

then swab out center of abscess with

tincture iodine occasionally. Keep

your colt out in the pasture lot and he

will get all right.



Umbilical Hernia.-———I have a colt one



day old with navel rupture, and I am

sure‘it was in this condition at birth,

and I would like to have you tell me

what to do for him. C. B., Owendale,

Mich—Your colt will perhaps recover

without treatment and if it does not,

a simple surgical operation can be per-

formed on him when he is a few

months old thatwill make him well.

, Collar Gall.———I have a4 horse that is

troubled with a large collar gall, alnd

a so

commercial remedies fail to heal the

sore. What had I better apply? S.

W., Boon, Mich—Apply equal parts of

oxide of zinc and boric acid to the sore

shoulder three times a day, but before

doing so apply peroxide of hydrogen

t free sore from pus. Give your cow

that fails to come in heat, 1 dr. of

ground nux vomica, 1 dr. of ground

capsicum and 2 drs. of ginger at a

dose in feed three times a day.



Sitfast.——My young horse has bunch

about the size of a saucer on each

shoulder, caused perhaps by a collar

bruise. Will rest from_ work cure it,

or shall I have it lanced? S. S., Adri-

an, Mich.—«If the bunches are hard,

have them cut out;‘ if soft, have them

opened up freely and swab out center

with tincture iodine three times a

week.



Congestion—Have a. cow that is

coming three years old; always been

in perfect health until three weeks

ago. She was out on pasture and gave

a good mess of milk in the evening.

Next morning she appeared to be stiff,

had lost her appetite, and I' forgot to

say that during the night there was a

heavy electric storm and cold rain

fell on her. I have been wondering

whether or not she was struck by

lightning. A. D. D., Prescott, Mich.—

Doubtless your cow suffers from con-

gestion and will be benefited by giv-

ing her 1 dr. fluid extract of nux vom-

ica, 1 oz. of tincture arnica and 2 drs.

of acetate of potash in a quart of wa-

ter as a drench or in drinking water.

twice a day. She should be washed

with warm water two or three times a

day and allow the water to remain on

her. This washing should be done

while the sun is shining. Grass is the

best food for her.



Indigestion.—I have a cow that sud-

denly dropped off in milk yield about

the middle of May, and now seems to

have a good appetite, is apparently

healthy, but she gives very little milk.

J. T., Rockford, Mich—Mix together

equal parts of salt, bicarbonate soda,

ginger, gentian, powdered charcoal,

give her two tablespoonfuls at a dose

in feed night and morning. Feed her

one part,of ground corn, three parts

bran and two parts of ground oats,

twice a day. About all that can be done

for these kind of cases is to feed them

easily digested food that is nutritious,

and see that she has good pasture.



Breeding Question—I have a twelve-

year-old mare which I bought last

spring. For the past six years she

has raised a colt each year until this

season, but she came in heat, was mat-

ed, got with foal; since then she has

occasionally passed some blood. Our

local Vet. prescribed for her, but she

is in much the same condition as she

was before he treated her. 0. G.,

Omer, Mich—Give your mare a tea-

spoonful of acetate of potash at a dose

in feed or drinking water once or

twice a day. Also, feed her well and

avoid working her too hard.



Short Winded.—Have a tengyear-old

horse that has a light cough, but pants

quite a bit since hot weather set in.

He appears to be short-winded and I

would like to know what can be done

for'him. J. J. S., Marion, Mich—Feed

your horse mostly grain and grass.

Avoid over-exertion during extremely

hot weather, rest him occasionally,

select ashaded place, keep him in as

cool a part of the stable as possible.

Wet him occasionally with cold water,

give 30 drops of fluid extract of lobelia,

1 dr. of muriate ammonia and 2 drs.

of Fowler’s solution of arsenic at a

dose in feed or drinking water three

times a day. The driver of a horse of





working him,'especially if the animal

is notyp'ersmring‘freely. - :





sun but of positimf Apply





V





 





 





.. /-





producers.





n. w. MUerou).

_ ownsn





 





 





' DAIRYMEN





WHY. WORK FOR NOTHING?





Read your dairy and farm papers. Are you

milking. feeding and taking care of 10 cows for

the profit that one good cow will make?



You can‘t buy the best producers. you must

raise them. You can often double your produc-

tion by mating your cows with a bull bred for

production. Let us send you our sales list of

bulls. Prices moderate.





FOUR PINE FARM.

Breeders of Guormeys,

E. D. Comstock, Jr., Mnnagfl‘,

HINSDMJE, ILL.





Jerseys, and Duroc Jerseys

The most importsnt thing in buying a. Jersey bull is to get one backed up by generations 0! high





Breakwater ofiers to sell a few choice bull calves of this kind.





BROOKWATER FARM.

Ann Arbor. Mich, R. 7.





 





o. r. son-In,-

MANAGER





 





 





Raise Chester Whites 3

Like This "





the originsl big producers





IHAVEstnrtedthousandsofbroedersontheroedso

success. I can help you. I want toplace one from

‘ ' here unnotnl so





my grout hard in every community w

‘ these fine curly dev°'°l’.°fi‘ 1 nts





 





Francisco Farrn Shorthorns

Big Type Poland China;





 

 

   





“The§re rugged—They pay the rent."

othlng for sale at present.

P. P. POPE, R. R. 3 Mt. Pleasant, Mich.





   





     





 





Bidwnll Shonhurns





“For Beef and Milk"





This heifer at 6 months has bone,

size and quality—Our own breeding.

The blood of Scotch bulls, Imp.

Shenstone Albino and Imp. Villag-

er Registered stock always for sale.





BIWELI $106K FARM,





Box 8, Tecumseh, Michigan.





 





Y b lls ready for

Shorthorns For Sale .33."... X... .0... .n.

heifers. W. B. McQulllan. Howell, Michigan.





-, Dairyor beef bred. Breeding stock all

Shorlhums ages for sale at farmers prices. C .Crum,

Secy. Cent. Mich” Shorthorn Breeders' Assn. McBride. Inch.





s n hes

Richland Shorthorns Emmet“;

'l‘uberculin Tested by the state. IMP. Lorne one of

the Sires in service. Entire Herd of Reg. Angus cattle,

including the show cattle for sale at a bargain. Most-

] Ericas and lllackhirds.

Office Town City, Mich. Herd at Prescott. Mich.



C. H. PRESCOTT a SONS.





For sale Shorthorns Rulls3m0. to '3 years old





 





months ol Write for my plan- are lonetyrfrom Oll'

G. S. BENJAMIN, R,F, D, 10' Porn-ml, Elem





Bred Gilts all sold. Special prices on

Shes‘ters March boars alsofimonthe Holstein

u .





F. w. ALEXANDER, 'Vassar, Mich.



Big Type 0. l. 08, & Chester Whites

spinach] ]prices on all boar pigs for the next 30 days.



ill sel sows only when bought in pairs. These

pigs are sired by our three Champion boars thatqhave

not an e ual in the country. School master King of

the bree Crandells wonder‘dt Callaway Edd both

champions.All stock shipped on approval, satisfaction





guaranteed. Get our catalogue.

Harry '1‘. Crandell a Son, Cass City, Mich.





O. l. C. & Chester White Swme

Strictly Bi Type. withquality. One yearlinleowktwo

gilts bred or ept. farrow, Guaranteed safe with pl .

I have the finest lot of early Spring pigs Ievor rai .

can furnish a few in min not akin. Address,

NEWMAN'S ;S‘1‘OC IFARM. Marlette, Mich. R. l.

O I C An extra fine lot of last spring

- - 0 pigs, either sex and not skin. from





good, growthy stock. Farm 56 mile west of depot.

tto B. Schulze. - - - - Nashville. Mich.





CHOICE SPRING PIGS





Ready toship. The big smooth. growthy

type, sired by noted boars Registered

and shipped C. O. D.



J. CARL JEWETT, Mason,Mich.





0 I. 0. Bears and Gilts all sold.I am bookin orders





.for March and April Elfin either sex, sing e, or in

pairs not akin, A J. BA ER, Belmont, Mlch.R.R.





O I C Thorough bred 0. I. C. Swine all

0 . 0 so (1 out except fall pigs.

)1 R D 4





 





 





from God milking cow...

ILR. Clyde Station, . J. DeGarmo, R.. 6. Milford. Itch. 0. D. Somervill, Grass ake. ic . . . .

'd . , _ ’ All sold. Booking orders for the

SHORTHORNS £213,335,? gaming, 0- I- C 5- b... of our mm... andspring pig...

53“,. J_ E. Tnnswell. Mason, Michigan. C. J. THOMPSON. - - Rockford, Michigan





 





horthorns for sale, 5 bulls Scotch top 10 to 14 mos..

3 man, 1 white. 1 red, rice 8150. to 8250.1 son of Max-

walton Sultan, 19 mos. 350. C. Carlson, Leroy, Mich,





l Haven light _roan, registered, shorthorn bull

ready for service, also younger ones forsale.

JAMES NEAD. Sunfleld, Mich.





Cattle For Sale





2Loads feeders and two loads yearling steers. Also

can show you any number I. 2 and 3 years old from

600 to 1200 lbs. Fall-field, Iowa, R-B.





’ h d f . l ' i

FOR SALE 543%.? 01%.." “63.: idl’ln‘h‘idé’g





Isaac Shanstum.





 





 





nature till Sept. 30 or Oct. 1. l’n’; miles from Chase,





X miles from Reed City.

HERBERT LUSBY, Reed City, Mich.





Bull calf 8 mo. old. Out of Rose of

Pllhd ulll'lllm. Sharon. Priced for quick sale.

J. P. CLAXTON, Rushton, Mich.





 





O l C’s Spring pig and Reg. Holstein heifers

0 ' ‘ from 5 to months old. CL OVE R





LEAF STOCK FARM. B. 1, Monroe, Mich.





 





P. 0. SWINE Egabi'éi‘lé‘i iarfitls'sl‘élz‘f





faction guranteed. B. W. Mills, Saline,Mich.

Gilts bred for Aug. and Sept.





0 I C ’S

' ' ' ° furrow. Also a few choice spring

farrowed boar pigs. Geo. P. Andrews. DansvilleJdloh.





 





O I C boar pigs of Mn furrow. Will be suitable

' ° for service by ov.lst. Satisfaction guar-

anteed . ROSEMAN 13808., Mich.





BIG TYPE Pllllllll BHINAS





Boar Pigs from the CHAMPION and GRAND CHAM-

PION and our other GREAT HERD BOARS and blg

EEIEETCHY SOWS of very best breeding and individ-

' l y.

HILLCRES; FARM, F. . Lay, Mgr.

s h





Lakovlew,





 





nous.

Durocs and Victoria:





Heavy bone, lengthy 8 ring Bears and Gilts from prize

winners sired by one o the best Sons of the Great De-

fender dc other noted strains. ll. ’1‘, STORY, Lowell. Mich.





man.





erkshlres. Bred gilts and sows for fall farrowlng.

Also Spring igs, either sex. A few boars service-

able sge. reg. hase Stock Farm, R. l. lnrlcttc, lick.





° ' going fast $15.00 it $20.00 9 ch

Berk‘hlre Plgs three months old. Regisger-

ed dz transferred, richly bred. Riverview Fsrm, Vassar,licli.





Boar-s, serviceable ago best blood

lines. Re istered. r3 sr

STOCK ARM, Almont, Mich.





 





Du roc Jerseys



Sprln lgs, either sex, not skin. Sir-ed by Jennings



Pilot under and Orion Chief Perfection. Write for

edigrees andgrices. . The Jennings Farms. Bailey,



Klich. V. M. hoesmith General Manager.





Duroc Jerseys





Corey 11. Edmonds.





bred gilts

priced





for sale

as] .

Hastings. Mich.





- ' d b" i

Duroc Spring Bears 55:, 5,8”,1'305135

American Col. One 2 year old sow by Cherry King’s

Rival due to farmw Nov. let. farrowed l5 pigs last





May raising 1?.

NEWTON BARNHART. St. Johns, Mich.





0n Yearli 3 Cherry Kl

Duroc-Jerseys 1:02., Gilts [bred for fall 11::

row. J. H. BANGHART, East Lansing, Mich.





D Bows and gilts bred to Eureka Cherry Kin

urOC and Crimson Critic non of Critic Model 191%

champion Iowa Fair. W. C. Taylor. Milan, Mich.





' Fall Boa s & Gilts all ld.

Duroc Jerseys. I have somre extra good 11892,“.





bonedgn‘ing pigs for sale pairs not akin.

F. J. ROD’l‘. . . Monroe. Michigan.

9 ' .

Dobson s DurOCS; has: 22:?‘igeélm3i

breeding. Collie Pups. Orlo L. Dobson. Quincy, Mich.

DU R00 8 s few ‘cholce spring boars.

Write ford s i ti & loo.

E. DJHEYDENBERK, Wayland, Misc}? p on "

Rog. Duroc Sprlng Bears ”3:!





ford Bum Lambs ready to ship. Ex . Paid, Fl eSt k.

J. n. moxs. ’ se. John'é, nigh.





Good Spring i ‘b Defe d r'

Durocs, Cheri- King oil’s Swim]. :rlges.‘

nn Arbor, Michigan.





 





~ A few odm los slred by Joe Orion am

"If.” Dam by'ooriqn I}. Kinl. '





 





. anMfi‘ve. Lake. Mich. l





lsmnnoo, Mic .

5‘ ‘

W a r I s __”

So is starvation, every one should do their bit. You

can raise more pork on less feed if you breed Butler's

Ifilz type Pink?“ Chinas. Bows lge$§§1fall furrow.

oars teary or servme. . . , .

land, Michigan, 301‘ Phone In Port





. u 935%.? .Tl’l’e ' ° C'

‘a pgssn itsa sod.Nthi f

present. W. E. L VINGS’I‘ON, oPAnfiidthsflgfifi





Big lyps Poland Bhinas: ‘5?“ “f,“ M” “If“ be“-

right. L. w. BARNES s SON): iii‘mn‘f’i‘il'ctil." PM"





 





 





 





LAQRGIE Stlraintl}: g. elve rytliifig’ sgild eicept 1 husky

ur in war a is ong. a . ee . e t ' I

fall boar. $1. 0. SWARTZ, Schoolcrafz. Mlxch‘:a choice





 





ARGE tvpe P. 0. Some verv choice

Lbred to furrow in August. Will sell 1 of‘filygglarlllt;

W. J. Hagelahaw, Augusta. Mich.





' Poland Chins f ll d r!

Luge Shled at farmers prl'cex: I3? prnolh 21".;

81.50 per 15. Robert Nave, Pierson, Mic .

POLAND Chlnu bred gilts all sold. still have some





choice fall pigs of large and medium type. Mf rm-

R. a. Grand Rapidsffiicb.





herd boars.





 





 





on prices. P. D. LONG,





 





 





 





I .

gig Typs Poland llhlna: 239;,‘3fig‘gge‘vtfigfif" “lg; .





A. A. WOOD a ION. Saline. Mlchlgnn





Big Tm Poland China xix,“ 22°33‘55““ “V

G. W. HOLTON. KALAMAZ . MICHIGAN.





 





large I e Poliml Chinas’ ‘- “w °“°‘°"'“"““‘”““'

HOWARIQ RUSSELL, mum sex Edit": Mich.





HAMPSHIRES Boar pigs onalqy tfor sale 315 and up





JOHN w. SNYDER. a. 4. 153.1335. Mich.





I I I

Hampshire Weanlmg Pugslfimfifit‘w, 1.... PM“

A. E. BACON & SO , Sheridan, Mich.

F0 R SALE Yorkshire Bows and

Gilts bred for fall for-

rowlng. Also boar pigs for fall l .

Waterman. Meadowlsnd PermafrAif: sz‘lsnfiglt





SHEEP





l

Sh ' Bis. earl . re . l



ropshn-gs coml f?“ t“ ram subs, for

Nook ram. Milo MI Glbson?$.a5, ng,rsim$y imp.





For Shrapsllln Yurll : °' Lamb 3"“ “d "m

“mm... m... l. s. miseries...





OAKDALE STICK IIAIIM. fif‘é’fi'mo‘?“





Sheep. Stock for Isle. W. J. Leaner. Bonnyglch?

Additional Stock Ads on Page 129 , V
iilmfitd’ 15.13.?" ”7”" Farmers’ Experience with Auto Trailers





Increased interest in the economy of gas power on the farm has led us to gather the following information from farmers

who own automobile trailers. We are confident that this tabulation m which we have exercised care to interpret prop-

erly the answers made, will be a real aid to those who contemplate using their automobiles for business as well as for

pleasure. The answers are arranged 1n the order 1n which they reached this office.





 





Distance to Townlor Market





 





G_ive Character of Roads urface





 





Are Roads Level?





Give Size of Your Farm.





Brief remarks by these owners on the utility of the trailer in the business of farming.





9..





Es,





at Products Are Sold Off





'ler?





Tral

arried On Your Trailer.





auled.





 





 





 





Give Amount of Annual Repair





 





 





Do You Use Rear Seat of Auto _

Enumerate Things You Have I

Are Products Delivered Better

By Trailer Than By Wagon?





For Additional Load?





 





 





 





 





 





lie It Provided With Solid or





Pneumatic Tlres?





 





 





With What Tyre of Bearings





Is It Equipped

Has Trailer Developed Any





What Horsepower is Your

When Did You Purchase

Does Use of Trailer Harm

Automobile? '

Weaknesses?



Life of Your Trailer To Be?





Automobile?

Give Rated Capacity.





 





IIGravel III





I Poultry,

0 eggs





 





 





 





. Would You Recommend That

Farmers Purchase Trailers?





EIgive weight of Heaviest Loads





I Lbs.

I Ball II Solid I 1000I 1500 1 I

I





K .

lag What Do You Estimate the

m





I Poultry, eggs,





With trailer I can make trips to town in one-third the time required with team. .,

lumber, pipe , I .





.4

s

E"





I

I No , None





N

01





 





IDirt,

gravel





N to How Many Wheels Has It?





 





KI >< Does It Give You More Time

a 8 n the Farm?





M

N





Roller I Pneu— I ..... I 900 I I Uses II No None Several I Sheep, calves, In hauling loads under 1000 lbs, the trailer saves a great deal of time. With it one can undertake to

matic more gas I pou try, cement - haul longer distances ‘ '





 





» ' Gravel





Roller Solid 800 800 Yes None ITires Tire Don’t Groceries,





The trailer seves taking teams from other work and one can travel so much faster.

wear expenses know trunks, etc.





 





 





 





Dirt,

gravel,

cement





Apples, pota- . Roller Solid 2000 Yes Don’t No None 20 I Grain, feed,

toes, small , think lumber, fruit, '

fruit so etc.





If a farmer does not have enough hauling to afford a truck he certainly should have a trailer I now

' keep fewer horses and they do not need to be as good as when used much on roads.





 





Gravel,

cement





 





 





 





 





 





 





Fruit, . Roller Solid 1000 Yes Don‘t 1515 for [Don't Fruit Trailers are very handy not only for going to market but for other purposes about farm. Drew all my

potatoes think so I tires I know fruit to Detroit, 25 miles away





 





Gravel





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Apples, . RollerI Solid 2400I Yes I None INone I 10 Vegetables,





 





. Much time is saved, besides horses can be kept in field instead of going to town for feeds and supphes.‘

P81101165. frults, poultry, I , ,

potatoes calves '





 





 





 





Sand





 





 





. ., ............ I RollerI Pneu— , 1400 52.00





t In doing a rural hauling business I find the trailer very convenient for handling the lighter loads.

ma 1c . . ., . -





 





Good





 





 





 





 





 





 





beans,

fruit





 





fruit, spray Can reach distant markets. Cannot see how a farmer owning an automobile can get alongwi‘thout a

material trailer. . . .- . , . ‘





 





Roller-I Solid I 1000II 1000 None Wheat, beans,





 





Gravel





168 I





Fruits, beans, Roller II Solid II 2000 II 2400 $15.00 Fruit,Ivegeta- - , , _ _' . w 4 '

potatoes, bles, Seed, Saves time in doing small errands Gets fruit to market quickly. I regard trailer as an indispensable

I vetch, rye . I I I I . potatoes, etc. , auxiliary to the automobile. Our trailer paid for itself last year. ‘ _





 





 





Gravel





i





 





 





| Cattle, Ordi— I Steel I 700 I 800 I Some I None I3200 I Tools, feed, .



I horses, sheep I . nary II ' I$3II80 I stock My trailer was homemade and the steel tires do not stand up under the strain.

1 1' I I l l I I



l





 





Gravel,

cement





Potatoes, . I RollerI Solid I 1000 I1400 I Yes I None None 3 2500 bushels

fruit, milk .. I I to of potatoes The smallness of the original investment and the great amount of time saved commends them to the





I . I 5 farmers use

I I | '





 





 





 





 





 





Clay





I I I I I I .

Hogs, I 1000 I 1035 Some None 5 Hogs, I can deliver stock direct to any point within a. radius of 30 miles with trailers. Valuable to farmers. -





sheep or 6 I sheep





 





Cement,

gravel





 





 





Milk, grain, 22 I RollerI Solid I2000 I 2000i Yes I None . 0) I Fruit ~ 4

I stocks, fruit I _ I I mostly I can take 40 bushels fruit to market which is all I can sell to advantage in a single morning. With





I I I I I I larger loads 1 would have to stay over or self at reduction.





 





Clay,

sand





I





l l 1 . . , I , . . . . . . .

I --------------- I 35 I 1915 I III R0119? I SOhd I 1000 II 2000 II 3C'33 I hone - Blnders, I deliver goods to farmers in thls community and find the trailer a great tlme saver.





 





Clay,

sand,

gravel,

cement





80





 





I I I I I I ' - ‘ mowers, tools

I '1





I I



| I I

22 Oct. I I RollerII Solid 2000I 1600 I Yes I It 5 I Poultry, chick-

da' I 1916 I I may ens, 11085, Can deliver for about one-third the cost of delivering with team. Advise that one should not" secure

pr ucts ' I I I calves, feed . a trailer that is too light.

I





 





 





 





Cement

gravel,

dirt





I I

I l ‘.

Potatoes, ' 221/2' Nov. ' Roller I Solid |2000 I 2000 I Yes Don’t 10 Fruit, live stock, I ,

apples, 1916 I I I thlnk cement, _There is great economy in the use of trailer in saving time, money and horses. Should last ten years

I I I I so II fencmg, etc. mth judicious care.

. 1





eggs,

vegetables I I I I I I





 





Dirt,

gravel,

stone





1

Apples, 22% Roller Solid 1250 I 1440 Yes None 10 Apples,

potatoes, I potatoes, With trailer I can market 43 bu. apples in a half day in comparison with 70 bu in two days with team.





 





Oakland





Mostly

level





Dirt,

gravel,

cement |





 





 





 





garden truck grists, etc.



Apples, Roller Solid 1500 1500 Yes Tire . ('3) Live stock,



potatoes . trouble frult, 833, etc. I should be obliged to purchase a better team to do road work if it were not for the trailer. Can carry

II I perishable products much better than 1n wagon.





 





Wayne





25

and

33 ‘





I

I M ostl y

level





Dirt,

gravel,

cement





I l l | I



Grain, hay, ' Roller Solid ' 2000 I 1700' Yes 1 No _ Don’t I Fruit, feed,



pork, fTUit know I machlnery, ' If one cannot afiord both a truck and an automobile would advise the purchase of trailer- It saves

I llve 3t00k time, and will take produce to market that could not go profitably by team.





 





 





_ Oakland





22





Mostly

level





Clay,

gravel,

cement





toes, corn toes, live stock,





apples |I





Would especially advise the purchase of trailers where one is on good roads. It saves time and team.





I





I

Milk, pota— Roller Solid II2000II2000I Yes INo - Apples, pota- Yes





 





 





Wayne





 





_Yes





 





Gravel





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





I | meat I II

I





 





 





fruits weak c1 er, etc. time





 





 





I

Wheat, ‘ . Solid , _ - Wheels $20.00 Ap les, lime, I Yes





«*MuésmruW-e ." s-





I consider it costs about one-half what it does to haul by team. Trailer relieves the horses and saves _ »