_ phosphate





b51125





PUBLISH





The Only Weekly Agricultural,





E D wEEKLY.





 





 





Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 

 

 





 





VOL. CXLlX. No. 8





. Whole Number 3955





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUGUST 25,1917





$1.00 A YEA R

33 00 FOR 5 YEARS





Relation of Phosphorus to Soil Fertility





By DR. M. M. MCCOOL





Michigan Agricultural College





HE farmers of Michigan are be-

ing encouraged to produce larg





er crops by the intelligent use.





of sprays, seed treatment, and the sow-

ing of high-yielding varieties, etc., all

of which is well, but we must not lose

sight ofthe fact that the above simply

means a more rapid decrease of our

fertility, and unless provision is made

to meet this increased loss of plant.

food we shall soon be face to face with

unprofitable agriculture on larger





' areas than we are confronted with at





the present time.



One of the fundamental principles

to consider in the maintenance of soil

fertility is the use of phosphorus on

our soils. Indeed, the question of us-

ing phosphorus on wheat is a real live

one. Such being the case and inas-

much as the writer has studied soil

and agricultural conditions in eastern,

western, central and southern Michi-

gan the last three seasons and there-

fore knows and appreciates the main

soil problem, of the state, it is consid-

ered fitting and proper to discuss the

question somewhat at

length.



Why does it become necessary to

apply the phosphates to the soil? In

order to answer this question we must

first recall that phosphorus owes its

presence in the soil to the original

rock from which the soils were deriv-

ed. It is unquestionably true that

phosphorus does not fall to the earth

in rain or snow, nor does it rise in

appreciable amounts from the subsoil

Thus it follows, the composition of the

soil is really an important considera-

tion. Of course, the question arises,

how well are Michigan soils supplied

with this plant food constituent? The

members of the Soils Department of

the Michigan Agricultural College have

been collecting information on, this

Subject during the last three years and

results of certain chemical studies giv-

en in Table I show that many repre-

sentative soils of the state are quite

deficient in their totaliphosphorus con-

tent. Although the writer appreciates

the fact that chemical analyses have

their limitations he is forced to con-





clude that these resultspoint out one

of Michigan’s leading soil problems:.





We hear much about the available

plant food and we agree that this is





of some importance and it is true that ‘





the more readily available plant food

goes out first, leaving. the more resist-

ant material. .

Phosphorus in Michigan Soils.

Table l.

Manistee County:





Lbs.

Pine soils .......... . .......... 567

Oak soils . ........... . ......... 678

Mason County: ‘_ . ' , , -

Pine soils ................ 662

Oak soils . . ........ ~ . . . .4. ...... 1122

Berrien County. ‘ .

Fertile sandy soil ........... .. .1566

Medium sandy soil... . . _. ...... . 850

Poor Sandy soil. . . . . . . . . 702

l; and maple—level . . . . . .1125 .

and maple—hilly ....... 1097





 





 





at sandy pla 3., . z .2803





Loam prairie ......... 1078

Oak—level sand .. ....... 787





Allegan County:

Oak—heavy clay .. . . . . .. ...... 838

Oak—low lying soil ....... 695

Pine—light sand .............. 655





It is doubtful if many of us realize





experience that a deposit in the bank

is removed if checked upon and not re-

newed, and “one cannot have his pie

and eat it.” We may further empha-

size this point in a general way by

presenting, as we have done in Table





 





 





Wheat Growing on Light Soil—Check Strip Untreated; 200 lbs. of Acid Phos-

phate Per Acre on Balance of Field.





how much phosphorus is removed from

our soils by different crops, and there-

fore do not appreciate this phase of

our problem. Although we know by





11, the amount of phosphorus that is

removed from the soils by Michigan’s

field crops. We have not taken

into consideration the amount of





 





Table II.

Phosphorus Removed from the Soil by Michigan Field Crops and Amount of





Acid Phosphate Necessary for its Restoramn.





Michigan

10-yr. Av.

Crop per acre.

Crop .

Grain. Straw.

‘ lbs. lbs.

Wheat . 1000 1600

Rye .............. 835 1000

Barley ........... 1225 1460

Oats ............ . 1008 812

Corn . .......... . 1470 1260

Peas ............ . 984 1312

Beans ......... 720 960

Sugar beets ..13180 6000

Potatoes .. . . 5160‘

Hay and forage ...... 2560 ’





Amount 16%





Acid Phos.

Phosphoric to replace

Acid. Phosphorus

removed.

Grain. Straw Total.



11.9 4. 6 1.6.5 103»

7.6 2. 8 10.4 65

9.2 3.4 12.6 79

7.0 1.7 8.7 54



12.4 5.8 18.2 114

9.4 5.7 15.1 94

8.7 4.6 13.3 83



83.5 100.0 183.5 1147



38.7 242



. . 12.3 77





 





 





 





”5'13th Causes Grain to Fill Out. Specimen at Right Grown on Soil Low

‘ - inf“ , ,. ' i113. the Other on same Soil Treated with Phosphorus.





 





 





 





phosphorus returned to the soil in the

form of stable manure, our observa-

tions being that large amounts of ma-

nure produced on the farm are not.

uniformly distributed on the soil.



Phosphorus plays an important role

in plant feeding. It is now common

knowledge, or should be, that an

abundance of phosphorus in the soil is

essential and therefore extremely im-

portant for formation of seed, a short-

age being indicated by improper grain

development. It should also be noted

that if it is deficient the 'stem and leaf

development of crops is greatly retard~

ed. Moreover the addition of phos-

phates to soil deficient in this element

results in greater development of the

roots of Wheat. The accompanying

photographs show this in a striking

manner.



Is it possible to cite records showing

that the use of phosphorus proves

profitable? We can answer this ques-

tion in the affirmative and shall briefly

review the work of several agricul-

tural experiment stations bearing on,

this subject. The Pennsylvania Agri-

cultural Experiment Station recently

reported thirty—five years’ results with

fertilizers. When corn is estimated at

sixty—three cents, oats forty-four cents,

wheat one dollar per bushel, corn

stover at three dollars, and hay at

fourteen dollars and forty-two cents

per ton, the value of the production

from four acres rotation obtained from

untreated soil and from soil receiving

phosphates are shown in Table III.



Table III.

Pennsylvania Experiments with Phos-

hates.

Value of Products from Four Acres.

One Rotation.





 





Untreated Phos.



Plot. Acid.



1882—86 ........ $89.54 $ 95.52

1887—91 ........ 88.47 101.79

1892-96 ........ 62.89 96.68

1897-01 ........ 47.90 78.83

1902-06 ........ 54.90 85.68

1907-11 ..... . .. 40.65 79.94

1912-16 ........ 49.95 86.05

1882-1916 ...... $61.95 $ 88.21





The Ohio Agricultural Station has

shown conclusively that the use of ~

phosphorus is a paying proposition on

their various experimental farms. Re-

sults of experiments conducted on the

Strongsville Experiment-a1 Farm, with

phosphorus and other substances, were

recently reported. The total and net

value of the five crops raised in the

first and second ten-year periods on un-

treated and phosphated land are shown

in. Table IV.



Table IV.





Experiments with Limestone and Raw

Phosphate at Strongville.

First Ten Years.





Value of Net

' Five Crops. Value.

None ............. $46.31 $46.31

Acid phosphate . . . . 62.68 61.44

Second Period.

None ............. $60.19 $54.19

Acid phosphate . . . . 79.95 71.71





Dr. C. G. Hopkins, of the Illinois Ex-

periment Station has been advocating

the use of phosphorus for many years,

as a result of a vast amount of soil fer-

(Continued on page 135).
The M1ch1ga11 Farmer





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CURRENT COMMENT.





 





. In another column of

The Farmer and this issue will be

the War. found an article on

this topic which we

believe to accurately reflect the senti~

ment of Michigan farmers on the pol-

icy of drafting farm workers into the

first contingent of the new national

army. The most intimate knowledge

of the difficult labor situation which

confronts the farmers of the country

in general and Michigan in particular,

can come .only from first hand experi-

ence, and the knowledge which Michi-

gan farmers have gained from their

experience in facing this difficulty dur-

ing the present season is so far from

reassuring as to make common the

viewpoint expressed in the article

above mentioned.



That this viewpoint is shared by ag-

ricultural leaders as well as by the

rank and file of our farmers is attest-

ed by recent events. At the wheat



. congress, held at the Agricultural Col-

lege on August 1, resolutions were

adopted pledging the farmers of the

state to the movement for the doub-

ling of the wheat crop of the state for

1918 and for a'very considerable in-

crease in the acreage of rye, which

resolution was published in our issue

of August 11. In response to this ap-

' peal the War Department pointed out

to the chairman of the wheat meeting

that provision has already been made

in the President’s regulations for the

discharge from draft by district boards

of those necessary to an agricultural

enterprise which is necessary to the

effective operation of the military

forces, or the maintenance of national

interest during the emergency. At a

meeting held last week the Michigan

State Board of Agriculture passed a

resolution of similar import, which has

been addressed to the several boards

of exemption as well as to the Presi-

dent and the Secretary of War. Strong

personal representations of like na-

ture will doubtless be made to the

Various exemption boards and to the

governor in numerous cases of appeal.

'It would thus appear that all of those

whose duty it is to act in an official

capacity in connection with exemp-

tiOnB frontdraft have been. properly





ad



ment on this point '



It is probable that the farm labor

situation is more acute in Michigan

than in perhaps any of the other im-

portant agricultural states. Certainly

it is more acute than‘in' states which





have not developed so rapidly along





commercial lines, particularly in prof-

itable lines of special manufactures,

although undoubtedly the conditions





above noted obtain more or less gen- ,





eraliy the country over. In-so-far as

the condition is a local, rather than a

general one, government officials hav-

ing to do with draft and exemption

rules cannot be expected to make rad-

ical exceptions to general rules to re-

lieve the situation. They are engaged

in the solution of new and big prob-

lems, and obviously must solve them

on the basis of general conditions. So

far as the local exemption boards are

concerned they are confronted with

the stern duty of selecting the alloted

quota of physically fit for military ser-

vice from their respective districts.

From the standpoint of the ultimate

public good it is greatly to be hoped

that it will be found possible to excuse

from immediate military service the

men who have been drafted from the

farms of Michigan and who are so

badly needed to carry out the program

of increased production, and particu-

larly to save the crops now approach-

ing maturity and to plant an increased

acreage of cereal grains this fall.





But with the removal of a million of

our most physically efficient young

men from the producing industries of

the country, and perhaps other mil-

lions in quick succession, as may be

necessary for the successful prosecu-

tion of the war into which we have

been unavoidably drawn, the labor sit-

uation in agriculture as well as in

other industries is bound to become

still more acute, hence the wisdom of

planting as large an acreage of fall-

sown cereals as possible. If the labor

situation is more acute next season

than it is this, and it surely 'will be if

the war continues, an increased

acreage of winter grains will be a





great asset to the farmers who grow-





them, as well as to the country next

year, since the labor of harvesting

them will be far less than the labor

required to grow spring planted food

crops. Consequently it is the part‘of

wisdom for the farmers of Michigan

and the country to respond, so far as

is within their power, to the-gumm-

ment’s appeal to their patriotism in

the matter of increasing the acreage

of wheat and rye to be _sown on their

farms this fall.



While the great war has now been in

progress more than three years and

the peoples of the belligerent Euro-

pean countries have of necessity be-

come accustomed to its attendant

handicaps and privations and suffering

in greater measure than it would seem

possible that our people will be called

upon to endure, yet most of us fail to

fully appreciate the fact that a very

considerable measure of the same hard—

ships must come to us as individuals





and as a people if: the war lasts even‘





another year, as now seems entirely

probable. ,It is right for the farmers

of Michigan to protest against an im-

pending hardship which they believe

to be poor public policy. It is their

duty to do so. But it is also their

patriotic duty to make a supreme ef-

fort to meet the world necessity for

an increased‘ production of food stuffs

in the face of every discouragement.

The present emergency is no time for

the entertainment of discouragement.

The farmers of Michigan have done

their duty in both respects in the past,

and they will continue to do it in the

future. They are that kind of citizens;

the kind who have made the United

States the greatest nation, in the world

——a nation. able to cope success-fully

with. the present great world, prOblem

and ..work out its solutionto theuupsel-

fish benefit of civilizationmnd World‘





"and the: fostérin‘g of Special interests '3

of nations or their rulers as won as





individuals. I’

On this page will

A Stabilized Wheat be found an au.

Market. thorized s t a t e -

ment of the na-

tional food administration relating to

the 1917 wheat crop, to which adminis-

trative attention has first been direct:

ed under the recently enacted food

control law. The course outlined in

this statement will effectually stabilize

the wheat market and make the hand-

ling of this staple food grain a purely

merchandising proposition. The per-

sonnel of the representative price-fix-

ing committee insures the establish-

ment of a fair price, which will be

compensatory to growers, with the‘ ad-

ded advantage of enabling them to

market the crop promptly, and will at

the same time, through the future con-

trol which will be exercised over the

product, properly protect the ultimate

consumer frOm extortionate prices.

This official announcement will inform

the reader as to the methods by which

these desirable ends will be served

and is an auspicious beginning for food

control inthe United States.





In the strenuous campaign

Attend the‘ of growing an increased

State Fair. acreage of food crops this



year, and of preparing for

a liberal increase in the cereals to be

sown this fall, many farmers may neg-

lect ,to consider the benefit which

might be derived from attending the

State Fair as well as the local agricul-

tural fairs held in this section of the

state. There never was a time when

the farmers of Michigan and the coun-

try were in greater need of the best

varieties of grain, the best breeds of

live stock or the most up—to-date equip-

ment for their farms than they are at

the present time. There is no place

where such broad opportunity exists

for helpful study and observation

along these lines as at the State Fair.

Here'in the competitive exhibits the

best of the plant and animal products

of the farms are gathered and' shown

in a manner which facilitates both

study and comparison, and the latest

and best in farm equipment of all

kinds is gathered together in compact

space and much of it is demonstrated

in a practical manner. These and

many other valuable educational fea-

tures will make it profitable for every

farmer in the state to attend the State

Fair this year. The high-class enter-

tainment features which will be afford-

ed are also worth while for every

member of the farm family. Time and

money spent in attending the foremost

agricultural fair in the state, and one

of the leaders of the country, will not

be wasted. It will prove a good invest-

ment.





GOVERNMENTiTO BUY WHEAT.





 





A fifty-million-dollar corporation that

will enable the government to pur-

chase suflicient wheat to stabilize

prices has been formed by the United

States Food Administration. Determi-

nation of a fair basic price to be paid

for Wheat by the government lies in

the hands of a committee headed by

President Garfield, of Williams Col-

lege. 'It is expected by the Food Ad-

ministration ~.that this price, when

agreed upon. by the committee, will be





maintained in private as well as in:





government transactions.



The wheat price committee, which

will meet in Washington at once, con—

sists of H. A. Garfield, president of

Williams College, chairman; Charles

J. Barrett, president Farmers’ Union,

Union City, Georgia; William N. Doak,

Vice-president, Brotherhood ' of Rail-

road Trainmen, Roanoke, .Virginia :1 Eu-

gene D.‘ Funk, president National Corn

Assocation, Bloomington, Illinois;. Ed-

ward ,F. Ladd, president NorthDakota

Agricultural 0,011ege.‘,Fsrsa. Northw-

kota; R. Goodwyn Rhettppresidentnof





 

 





unable to make further headWay. Also





they have beaten on well—pr





J. W. Sherthill secretary Na.





Oeuncil of Farmers’ Co-operative As-





sociations, York, Nebraska; James W.

Sullivan, Amtirican Federation of La-





bor, Brooklyn, New York; 1:. J. Ta‘bor,’





Master Ohio State Grange, Barnesville,

Ohio; Frank W.’ Taussig, chairman

Federal Tariff Commission, ‘Washing

ton, D. C.; Theo. N. Vail,‘ president





~American. Telephone & Telegraph Co., _





New York City; Henry J. Waters,

president Kansas State Agricultural

College, Manhattan, Kansas.



Allied wheat purchases in the Uni-

ted States, together with those Of our

own government, will be handled by

the corporation. ~ This will not only

stabilize prices to the allies, but will

also protect the corporation against

possible loss.



Decision of the Food Administration





to require the allies to purchase flour,





instead of wheat is of very great im-

portance to agricultural and other in—

terests Of the United States. Through

the exercise of this regulation the by;

products of the wheat milling industry,

which are sorely needed by live stock

growers, will be kept at home.



All of the stock of the corporation

will be held and owned by the govern-

ment. »Managementoof the corporation

will be in the" hands of the wheat pur-

chasing division of the Food Adminis

tration,.the executive officers of which

are: Chairman, “Herbert Hoover, San

Francisco, California; president, Julius

H. Barnes, Duluth, Minnesota; treas-

urer, Gates W. McGarrah, President

Mechanics’ & Metails’ Bank, New York

City; vice-president,‘ F. G. Crowell,

Kansas City, Missouri; transportation

director, Edward Chambers, vice-presi-

dent Santa Fe Railway, Chicago, Illi-

nois; counsel, Judge Curtis H. Lind-

ley, San Francisco, California; secre-

tary,_ J. W. Shorthill, secretary Nation-

al Council of Farmers’ (Jo-operative

Associations, York, Nebraska.



Branch offices of the corporation are

being established at the principal

wheat terminals of the country to aid

in conducting the government’s tran-

sactions in wheat and flour with the

regular dealers. Commissions suffi-

cient only to cover the. costs of 'oper-

ation will be charged.



The following men have been named

by the Food Administration to repre-

sent it at the various wheat terminals:

Edward M. Flesh, St. Louis, Missouri;

M. H. Houser, Portland, Oregon; C. B.

Fox, New ’0r1eans, Louisana; H. B.

Irwin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; P.

H. Ginder, Duluth, Minnesota; Frank

L. Carey, Minneapolis, Minnesota;

George S. Jacksou, Baltimore, Mary—

land; Howard B. Jackson, Chicago,

Illinois; Chas. Kennedy, Buffalo, New

York; R. A. Lewin, San Francisco,

California; D. F. Piazzek, Kansas City,

Missouri; Chas. T. Neal, Omaha, Ne-

braska.



All of the men connected with the

grain division of ’the Food Administra-

tion have dissociated themselves from

all interest in the. grain trade, and are

giving their entire time and service to

the government without compensation

for the period of the war.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





. Foreign.



The European Ware—Consistent ad-

vances were made on the. western

front by the allied forces this past

week. Their efforts in Flanders won

from Crown Prince Rupprecht posi-

tiOns of local importance which have

since been consolidated with their old

positions. The Germans have been

feeling out the French lines in the

Vosges and about Verdun but in all

instances their attacks were repulsed.

Throughout the battle line from Swit-

zerland to the North Sea, artillery fire

goes on with scarcely any interrup-

tion. —-The Russians are now offering

a stronger resistance to the enemy,

especially on the Rumanian frontier

where Austro—German forces have been





about Vilna and in the sum sector

on We,»





«abs—ow» ‘/1‘-'





red at. .9





 





 





 





‘2‘





.x<«.~.a‘-"v‘
i





mums-wars. “m‘mfll l' ~ ”IIII’.‘ ‘fl. .1.





WAAW,‘ .1. .





tf“-‘





.H’





 





 





 





'1‘ does not cost any more to raise

a large wheat crop than to raise





. a small one until we commence to.





buy the twine with which to bind the

bundles. The costs of preparing the

seed bed, such as plowing, harrowing,

and rolling, are no more for a big

crop than for a small one; the cost of

seed is little if any more, yet there





are certain preliminaries which should.





be taken into consideration in order

that next year’s wheat crop may be as

large as possible. Under the existing

circumstances there can be no ques-

tion but that it Will pay, and pay well,

to raise a large crop, provided the

quality of that wheat is right, but

where wheat is mixed with rye, or on

the other hand, two wheats are mixed

the yield of the crop will not be a

criterion of its ‘entire value, since

wheat containing rye makes a very

poor quality of bread, as does also the

flour of mixed wheats.

Preparation of the Seed Bed.



In planning the crop rotation, one of

the things that must be borne in mind

is to regulate the crops so that they

will take the food nutrients from the

soil in its different layers. For in-

stance, we have the deep rooted crops,

such as alfalfa, clover,'and corn; the

medium rooted crops, such as beans,

peas, and potatoes; while all of the

small grains belong in the class with

shallow roots. Where we have these

three different classes grown in suc-

cession on a piece of soil, it means

that the food in the entire soil is taken

out with the same relative rapidity. In

the wheat, We have the type of shallow

rooted plant and probably the best





_ place to sow wheat is either after a





crop of corn or upon a sod that has

been plowed under. Wheat should not

be sown after wheat on account of the

prevalence of the Hessian fly and the

joint worm.



As soon as the land that will be

sown to wheat has been vacated by

the. crop which was previously grown

on it, it should be plowed to a medium

depth. This early plowing of the wheat

land enables one to run over the

ground every week or ten days before

the wheat is planted. Since ,wheat

cannot be cultivated, this harrowing

before planting accomplishes the kill-

ing of a great many weeds that would

otherwise compete with the grain.

Therefore, it is indeed worth while to





vkill out as many of these weeds as





possible while they are still young.



When wheat land is plowed, as it

usually is in the middle of the summer

and at a time when the supply of

moisture isusually very low, it has

been found a paying practice to har-

row and roll the ground immediately

after plowing. This means that one

should unhitch from the plow about

half past four, then roll the land and

follow this up with the spike-tooth

harrow to make a dust mulch.



Use Good Seed.

After the land has been well fitted,





and after all pains have been taken ‘





so that the moisture of the soil may

be conserved for the wheat, all this

work is brought to naught by the

planting of poor seed. Within the last

few days there has come to my atten-

tion the fact that neighors are very

often unwilling to pay‘ the price that

should be paid for suitable seed wheat.

Suitable seed wheat for planting next





year ought to be that which is abso-‘

lutely~free from rye as well as being-





free from the various weed seeds.

While there are but few weed seeds





, that cannot be successfully separated





from wheat by the fanning mill, seed

wheat that shows both red and white

kernels is also objectionable because

of the fact that the white wheat is of-

ten .9,- macaroni or Soft wheat, while

the red is usually the hard wheat. The

do not Inake a blend of flour that





 





By I. J MATHEWS





tiliz'e liberally





 

 





wives and for this reason the millers

do not like to buy the mixed wheats.



As to the price that one can- afford

to pay for seed wheat, that will vary

with the material that is offered for

sale. Here we are bid $2.05 a bushel

for new wheat on board the car and

with wheat starting in at this price,

it is very likely that much higher val-

ues will obtain before the season is

over. When we consider that seed

wheat is suitable because it has been

kept free from weed seeds and be-

cause the rye has been cut out, not to

mention the fact that the thresher has

been thoroughly cleaned before the

seed was saved, then we are in a po-

sition to know that the .man who has

seed wheat for sale may reasonably

expect a price of nearly twice what

the same wheat would bring on the

market. Three dollars and a half un-

der such conditions could hardly be

considered an excessive price; neither

should the grower we expected to sell

this wheat on time since he can easily

sell to an elevator man for cash.



With wheat as with all other farm

seeds, it is always the part of wisdom

to rurf the seed through the farming





mill and take out the lighter grains;





No one would ever think of contending

that these light grains do not make as

good seed, but the real point is that

the larger grains will furnish more

food for the young growing plant and

by so doing will enable the wheat to

survive the winter and start out much

stronger in the spring. No stones

should be left unturned in order that

a large wheat crop may be realized.



In the early history of fertilizers,

many did not believe that it paid to

fertilize for wheat. There are, how-

ever, but few soils where the intelli-

gent use of fertilizers in the right

forms will not pay a good investment.



When to ‘Sow.



Wheat has enemies which are inac-

tive in cool weather but they are very

active in warm weather. The most

destructive pest of wheat is no doubt

the Hessian fiy, which is thought to

have been introduced by Hessian

soldiers in the early days. Whether

or not that part of history is true is

hard to say, but certain it is that the

Hessian fly getting abroad is one of

the greatest single catastrophes that

has ever befallen the new world at the

hands of the old.



There are a number of ways of con-

trolling this fly, such as the sowing of

volunteer strips around the outside of

the field, but the best way is probably

to sow the seed rather late. During

a season that is very cold the wheat





'the seed wtliiorough‘ly selected and grad-'





ed and placed in the ground, it is





doubtful if there is much more to be~





done. Under the peculiar conditions

of this year, however, it will undoubt-

edly pay to fertilize‘the wheat and one

good way of fertilizing wheat is to top-

dress with a rather fine, well-rotted

manure after the wheat has been

sown.





 





RELATION OF PH‘OSPHATES T0

SOIL FERTILITY.





 





(Continued from first page).

tility work. Although we cannot take

up in detail the results of his efforts,

certain phases are invaluable at this

time it seems. '



At the Urbana Experimental Field,





 





 





 





Phosphates Stimulate Root Growth of

Wheat—Sample No.1, Untreated;

No.2 Grown on Soil Treated with

Phosphate.





silt loam soil with an annual applica-

tion of six hundred pounds of rock

phosphate, in connection with decaying

organic matter, the phOSphates have

yielded for each dollar invested in

phosphorus, the amount shown in Ta-

ble V.

Table V.

Illinois Results.





First rotation 1902-1904.. . . . . . . . . . .99

Second rotation 1905-1907. . . . . . . . ..2.39

Third rotation 1908—1910... . . . . . . . .2.99

Fourth rotation 1911-1914. . . .3.13





The results from field culture experi-

ments on many other farms in Illinois

show that the application of phosphor-

us is profitable.



The Indiana Experiment Station has

shown by means of numerous field

trials that acid phosphate either with





 





 





 





, Seven-foot Rosen Rye on the Mike Welsh Farm in Montcalm County.





 





.may be sown earlier than when the





season remains warm. If the wheat

is sown too late‘it may dodge the Hes-

sian fly and still not make enough of

a growth for Winter, and if planted too

early it will make sufficient growth,

but the work or the fly may be dam-

aging. If sown late it is better to fen,





 





or Without manure is an exceedingly

paying proposition.



Now will phosphate increase the

yield of crops on Michigan soils? We'

can, answer in the affirmative, so far as

the‘majority of the fields are concern-

ed. The soils department is steadily

accumulating results of field experi-

ments in different parts of the state.





 





 





At preSent I am able to report that the

application of either acid or raw rock

phosphate has proven highly profitable

on our outlying projects. Moreover, a

number of the county agents report





positive results from the use of acid’ V





phosphate. Last year co-operative ex-

periments with County Agent Smith at

the Kent county farm showed that four

hundred pounds of acid phosphate in-

creased the yield of potatoes sixty

bushels over adjacent untreated soils.

Two hundred pounds of acid phosphate





applied to a sandy soil belonging to A. . .





C. Green, in Lenawee county, increased,

the yield of rye from 16.9 to 21.4 bush—

els per acre, at the same time greatly

benefiting the clover that was seeded

in the rye. It is estimated that both

acid phosphate and rock phosphate

have doubled the yield of oats at the

Van'Buren county farm.

four hundred pounds of the former and

two hundred pounds of the latter were

added to the corn crop one year ago,





thus the residue is responsible for the,





greatly increased yield.



The evidence that the use of phos-

phates on soils is highly profitable is a

safe practice and must be considered

in our permanent systems of agricul-

ture, is overwhelming. Yet there are

many unsolved problems that are go-

ing to arise in this connection later on

and therefore we must not lose sight

of the tremendous importance of well

planned and carefully conducted ex-

perimental projects in several different

parts of the state.



What form and in what amounts

should we use phosphates? These are

important questions—ones which I am

unable to fully answer with the amount

of information at hand bearing upon

Michigan soils. There are, however,

two chief forms of phosphorus in un-

mixed goods, namely, the acid phos-

phate or the so—called soluble phos-

phate, resulting from the treatment of

either ground bone or raw rock phos-

phate with sulphuric acid, and the raw

rock phosphate. Two hundred pounds

of the former should be applied to two

grain crops in a four-year rotation, by

means of a fertilizer drill or attach-

ment. Four hundred pounds or more

should be used on heavy cash crops,

and fifteen hundred pounds of the lat—

ter once in a four or five-year rotation,

it being advisable to apply raw rock

phosphate to the sod before plowing,

inasmuch as the decaying vegetable

matter aids in making the phosphorus

available. The raw Iock phosphate is





generally distributed by means of a. ‘





lime spreader. ,



If one is unable to obtain either of

the above forms of phosphates and can

procure a mixture containing a small

amount of nitrogen, say one or two per

cent, and large amounts of phosphorus

it is certainly advisable to do so, inas-

much as the phosphorus present will

in the majority of cases pay handsome

profits regardless of the fact that the

nitrogen may not in itself be a paying

proposition. In other words, if it is

to be a mixed product or none, take

the mixture. For wheat and rye about

two hundred and fifty pounds is the

proper amount on most soils, although

some Michigan farmers are applying

three hundred pounds per acre.



Attention should be called to the de—

sirable practice in vogue in some com-





munities of purchasing the phosphates-





or other fertilizers in carload lots. In

this manner they are purchased at an

appreciably lower rate.



In conclusion I desire to state to

those who are'skeptical regarding the

benefits to be obtained from the use of

phosphates on small grains, that it is





no less than good business to apply.





the standard amounts to a small area,

say one-half or one acre and determine

whether or not it is a paying» proposi-

tion. If the acid phosphate is used.





charge two-thirds of the cost of the .

treatment to the first crop and the re- ,





mainder to those that follow and bear





in mind that rock phoSphate often- "

times shows up to better advantage:





In this case ,





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





..,u





'(,X ‘ _‘ , .

“new; ._





.15":

.1.

"3.1:
By N. A.

S a rule, we are accused of hop-

ing for and expecting too much.

Our desires and ambitions lead

, us to look on the bright side of all

that we have before us, and we are

’ inclined to believe that we can accom-

plish more than good judgment will

lead us to expect. The business of

farming, sowing with high hopes of





’ ' an abundant harvest tends to cultivate





within us the habit of thinking that

we are able to accomplish much in

.- the near future. Many years of experi-



. ence, when failures and disappoint-

ments come very frequently has a ten-

dency to teach us that we have been,

and are, prone to hope for more than





- "the case will warrant.





Conditions on the farm since the

‘manufacturing industries received the

stimulus of extensive trade, and the

business interests of the country seem—

ed to catch the attention of the mass-

es, both the wise andlthe indifferent

ones, seem to have compelled the farm.

ers to work on the short end of the

evener. Sixteen per cent of the farm

help has been lured, by tempting and

apparently high wages, to leave the

farmer and his stable business of feed-

ing mankind, and have secured em-

ployment in the factories where they

believed they were helping themselves

to a better condition in life. Of dire

necessity the number of acres of farm

lands cultivated have gradually dimin-

ished, the work on those acres cultivat—

ed has not been as thoroughly done as

in former years, the yields of staple

crops have fallen off, and what might

be expected has happened—after a

single unfavorable season the supply

of the needed food stuffs is short, spec-

ulation in the same is rife, and we are

facing unprecedented high prices. With

the exception of some of the favored

artisans and tradesmen, whose wages

have been raised proportionately with

the ascent of prices, consumers are

struggling in a desperate effort to

exist.

The Farmer's Burdens Doubled".



Notwithstanding the well known fact

- that farm help is scarce and wages for

farm hands doubled, the government



has asked the farmers to increase

their acreage of spring grains, which

has been done under unfavorable con-

ditions, and now they are asked to in-

crease their acreage of wheat and in—

sure a billion bushel crop in 1918. To

some the demand may seem compli-

mentary, but to others who seem to

feel and see what the results of the

' army draft must be when the ranks. of

the farmer's help are still farther deci-

mated, consider the outlook a gloomy

one. After the farmers have carried

all that they feel they possibly can

carry, then to be asked to give up a

part of their help and subsequently

accomplish more than they have in

the recent past, makes them halt and

look discouraged.



During the early part of the present

season the weather was cold and the

moisture superabundant. It was prac-

tically impossible to get the corn

planted in very many fields at what is

usually called corn planting time. The

.cutivating was very. imperfectly ac-

complished, and now we need not ex-

pect much, if any, above a half crop

of corn in Michigan. It is encourag-

ing to read that the outlook is good in

what is called the corn growing states,

for some of the corn from the corn

belt will be needed in Michigan the

coming Winter.



A Righteous Plea for the Farmers.

. The prime necessity, both at home

and on the battlefield, is food to sus-

tain the individuals that. are actively

engaged in the. work of supplying the

necessities of life as well as fighting

.. the enemy. To the thoughtful ones it

seems like; poor policy to reduce the





man power at the food end of the





game. Let the first inflow of men into





The Farmer and wtfle





CLAPP





the ranks of the «army come from the

congested centers ,of population and

give the farmers an oppdrtunityto pro-

duce and garner a- bountiful Supply of

food that will fill up the gap in the

shortage of the present food supplies.



A deep love for humanity and a de-

sire to aid in breaking the yoke of

tyranny that is hearing heavily on the

ne'cks of our fellowmen, is just as

warm and sincere with those who toil

in the farm fields as with those who

labor elsewhere, and the dread of hav-

ing the yoke of bondage extended to

the dwellers in our own beloved coun-

try is just as great as with those in

the most congested centers of popula-

tion. A clear and‘firm declaration has

been made by high authority that the

success of the task‘of overpowering

the enemy rests largely with the food

producers. Give them a chance to per‘

form their necessary work as food pro—

ducers, before they are askeif to shoul-

der arms and march to the front.



I do not think the matter, viewed

from any standpoint, should be con-

sidered favoritism. The pressing nec-

essities of the case demand that a

bountiful supply of substantial food





   





'ipfilfl





than iron; the farms in the United

States. Reduce the working forces on

the farms and we will be greatly crip-

pled, if not defeated





It would be a sad comment on the

intelligence, sagacity and foresight of

the leaders in this great struggle, if,

after the sacrifices which are being

made at home and abroad, the, endur-

ing of indescribable hardships in many

directions where the horrors of war are

being enacted, we reduce the produc-

ing forces on “the farms, and let that

be ascribed as the cause of our undo-

ing. England confesses that she made

a mistake in that direction. Shall we

follow her example, or shall we profit

by her mistakes

’ It looks as though sentiment along

these lines should be stimulated. We

can not do as the Germans have done,

when one-third of their man power is

engaged in active service in the army

(utilize the women, because our wom-

en are not trained to perform farm

work), but it would be a wise policy

to retain sufficient help oWarms.

for a season, at least, to enable us' to

get on safe footing as far as food sup-

plies are concerned. . ‘



(See Editoriai‘fibmment)!





lIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|I|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIiIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





The Sparrow and Food Conservation

Bv J. A. KAISER





T first glance, it may seem to





tween the English sparrow and

the conservation of our food supply is

too insignificant to deserve notice. But

the impression is altogether erroneous,

and this Old World pest that now flour-

ishes in such numbers in our land,

plays a very important part in our

food preparedness program. Indeed,

because of the acuteness of, the situa-

tion, right now is the opportune time

to begin anew, a campaign against the

English sparrow. Of late years, in

Michigan at least, the war against this

pest has slackened and in many neigh-

borhoods, ceased almost entirely. This

is due partly to the seeming hopeless-

ness of annihilating the sparrow nui-

sance, and partly to a sort of passive

indifference. This indifference is fos-

tered and heightened by the fact that

many of the evils of the English spar-

row are produced indirectly, and there—

fore, not immediately apparent to

many people. That this bird is a. nui-

sance and a pest without redeeming

feature, needs not to be demonstrated.

Apologies for the English sparrow are

too far- fetched to deserve serious at-

tention.



In these days when the importance

of increased production and the elimi-

nation of waste are being iterated and

reiterated the full weight of the spar-

row nuisance becomes apparent. As

has been already hinted, these birds

are harmful, both directly and indi-

rectly.



Direct Losses Chargeable to the



English Sparrow.



In considering the direct and more

apparent vices of the sparrow under

discussion, we find that the bird eats

large quantities of grain of all kinds.

This is not only eaten in the fields

when the grain is growing or in the

shock, but later, about the barn and

poultry yards where the birds congre-

gate during the autumn and winter, in

immense numbers. Let this Old World

sparrow have his own way, and he is

primarily a grain eater, always. For

his grain-eating propensities alone, the

bird forfeits the right to protection. In

addition to this, the filthiness of these

birds during nesting time, and their

habit of building in the covered tracks

of barn doors and in other annoying

situations, form another strong reason

for extermination.



But by far the most harm is done by

the English sparrow indirectly, and in





some that the connection be«





the following ways: Wherever these

birds live about a place in large num-

bers, some of our most beneficial birds

become rare or even extinct. The

blue bird, the downy woodpecker, and

the barn swallow are among the best

known examples of this fact. These

birds are all very beneficial, consum-

ing myriads of insects about orchards

and gardens, and doing no. harm what—

ever, to any crop. The harm done in

this regard, by the English sparrow, is

of great importance. Every insect-eat-

ing bird is a valuable asset about any

farm home. The English sparrow has

decreased greatly, the number of these

beneficial birds. Luckily the house

wren, another valuable insect-eating

bird, nests in holes and crevices so

small that the sparrow can not enter,

and for this reason, can not be driven

away.



Still another evil indirectly brought

about through the presence of the Eng-

lish sparrow, is found in its habit of

frequenting poultry yards and poultry

houses. It has been proved frequently

that these sparrows are the carriers of

mites and lice, and very often a flock

of hens become burdened with these

parasites as a result of the visits of

English sparrows. It is probable, too,

that contagious diseases among fowls

and even among hogs and cattle, are

spread by these numberless feathered

vagabonds.



“Kill Two Birds with One Stone "



In the foregoing we have mentioned

some of the evils of the English spar-

row—evils which, it is evident, have

their share in,cutting down the gen-

eral efficiency of the food prepared-

ness movement. In 'another way, the

program of food supply may be bene-

fited by the destruction of these birds.

These Sparrows are excellent eating,

and small as they are, might produce

a large amount of wholesome, nourish-

ing fecd. . Because of his immense

numbers, the English sparrow could

be made to cut no small figure in a

famine-stricken district. Why not, in

this time of national and world crisis,

slaughter these birds and thereby in-

crease the available food supply as

well as ridding the country of an un-

mitigated pest.



Whether or not it is possible to ex-

terminate absolutely, the English spar-

row, is a question about which‘there is

a difference of opinion. But this much

is certain: The bird may be so har-

ried and slaughtered that Jts .evil.pro.-.





source from men it can be secured”





 

   





. ' i ‘

“doubts "this, let him look: for English

spar-rows about the garden, farmyard,





and orchard of some farmer who wages





systematically,

these birds. The writer knows of such

farms, and English sparrows are sel-

dom seen there, and in‘ any case, are

so wary that they never frequent the

poultry or barnyard. Let us give the

problem of increased production and

food preparedness a lift by waging

war 'on the English sparrow. The cam-

paign will be of benefit, not only dur-

ing the world war, but for generations

after the thunder of big guns has died

away.





FARM NOTES.





i





 





Will a Cover Crop Injure the Corn?





I have a field of corn which is now ’





clean and growing very rapidly. I

wish, however, to grow a green crop to

plow under next year;.and have a farm

that has been run quite badly; but as

you know, the corn crop this year is

very late, and its value, if matured,

will be greater than usual. Will the

sowing of a cover crop now interfere

with, or detract in any way from, the

present crop ripening early? And how

much vetch and rye should be sown.





per acre?



Charlevoix Co. B. E. W.



From the writer’s experience in the

planting of cover crops in standing

corn, there is very little if any injury

to the corn crop by adopting this plan.

When corn is well established and has.

reached the tasseling stage,'the ground

is almost completely filled with corn

roots below 'the surface, which has

been kept loose by cultivation. Under

dry weather conditions, no cover crop

which is sown in this surface soil will

make a very vigorous growth, and if

there is sufficient moisture later in the

season to insure a good growth of

cover crop, there will be plenty of

moisture at the same time to mature

a good corn crop.



Where the ground is shaded by a

heavy growth of corn, there is much

less evaporation from the surface of

the ground, and also far less evapora-

tion from the leaves of these small

surface rooting plants than would be

the case if they were sown in the.op-

en. These little plants cannot suc-

cessfully compete for the moisture

needed by the corn crop, and we do

not believe there would be any appre~

ciable shortening of the crop from

sowing vetch and rye in the corn as

proposed.





The usual rate of seeding is about.





three peeks 'to a bushel of rye and

about fifteen pounds of vetch seed per

acre, although various combinations of

the two are used, depending upon the

condition of the soil, the purpose for

which the crop is to be used and the

relative cost of the seed. Such a crop

should be preferably sown at a time

when weather conditions would favor





‘the early germination of the seed and





development of the young plants,

since under the handicap of the grow-

ing corn crop favorable conditions are

needed if a good cover crop is secured.





—.——_—.





MEETING OF THE U. P. BOOSTERS.





 





The Upper Peninsula Development

Bureau held its annual meeting at

Houghton,and elected the following

officers: President, L. C. Harmon, of

Manistique; first vice-president, A. T.

Roberts, Marquette; second vice-presi-

dent, Elmer Grimmer, -Marinette;

treasurer, H. W. Reade, Escanaba;

secretary and manager, George W.

Rowell, Marquette; executive commit

tee, Alger county, G. S. Collinsf Bara-

ga, O. W. Smith; Chippewa, ‘N. W.

Dill; Delta, 13.. T. McKillican; Dickin¥

son, S. T. McGregor; Gogebic, L. C.

Br’ewer; Houghton, J. T. McNamara;

Iron E. C. Bowers; Keeweena, S. R.



Sm;{th Luce, M. E. Bauerman; Mack-

inaw, C. W. . Hecox; Marquette, R. P.

Bronson; Menominee, R. A. Packard;

Ontonagon, August Wallen;

craft, Benjamin Gero.





a« campaign against





Schoolf
.g-g’sv





 





 





. e ‘ ' F





 

 

 

 





" HE matter of, labor during the

' harvesting season is expected to

be a serious problem to many





Haves. nei





.,. .

w. s





'p ‘ Pr

the city. During the height of the





cherry season Mr. Munson had at least

seventy-five children picking. These





. ”s. ”I





, w“





 





fruit growers this season, and for sev-‘children get five-eighths of a cent a





eral seasOns to come. Fruit harvesting

means temporary work for a large

number of people over the number nec-

essary for the maintenance and care

of the orchard during the rest of the

year. On this account help will be

hard. to obtain because, when help is

scarce: the workers naturally take to

work which gives them steady em-

ployment and good pay. .



Some growers have realized the dis-

advantages of endeavoring to get help

for a short time and have therefore ar-

ranged their orchard plantings so that

they can keep the pickers busy

through a long season. For instance,

Mr. Amos Tucker, of Allegan county,

has his orchard 'of 160 acres set out





pound for picking cherries, and goese-

berries, and the weekly income of in-

dividuals during the picking season

ranges from seventy-five cents to six

or seven dollars, depending on how

well the pickers stick to the job.

Keeping the Picking Record.



Mr. Manson’s system of keeping rec-

ord of the work of each individual is

unique. He issues cards to pickers

which have two rows each, of figures

from five down. These figures stand

for cents and as soon as a child gets

a case of'cherries picked the boss of

the gang punches the card for the

proper amount. Gooseberries are pick—

ed in bushel baskets and the card of

the picker is tied to it. After the





 





Cherry Pickers Eating their Noon

so that he can employ help for pick-





ing, from gooseberry time through the'





apple harvest. His fruits include goose-

berries, early and late cherries, plums,

peaches, early and late apples.



A Long Picking Season.



During the cherry picking season

Mr. Tucker had sixty pickers busy. A

great many of these came from around

his own vicinity, which is fifteen miles

from South Haven and five miles from

a railroad station. Other pickers are

college students who plan to stay all

through the entire vacation season.

The Tucker farm is a scene of great

activity all through the season on ac-

count of the long picking season. Dur-

ing the cherry picking season the pick-

ers get a cent and a half a pound, and

some of them_make as much as four

dollars a day. This is exclusive of

board, which is furnished at reason-

able rates to those who do not live in

the vicinity. Mr. Tucker and his son

take care of the pickers, one daughter

arranges the meals and the other

keeps the picker accounts. Girls are

used as packers and the fruit is hauled

to a boat landing about five miles from

the farm for shipment to a Chicago pie

concern which has contracted for the

fruit at attractive prices.



During rainy days and in the even-

ing the college boy pickers‘enjoy them-

selves at games and at the piano in

the house. Besides making a good

wages and enjoying. the benefits of

outdoor life, these boys thoroughly en-

joy their season of work with Mr.

Tucker. ' ‘



Kee'ps Employee Content.



The reasons why Mr. Tucker is turn-

ing away help instead of begging for

it are that he pays good wages, gives

a long term of employment and en-

deavors to keep them happy by allow:

ing them means of entertaining them-

selves when not working. '



Mr. J. Pomeroy Munson has solved

the picker problem in a different man-

ner, because he is working under dif-

ferent‘ conditions. His , fruit farm is





near to the city limits of GrandRapids-

andhis uniailing





source of help is the

Fetish districts of





   

 





Q16





K





 





Lunch Amid Pleasant Surroundings.





gooseberries are put through the fan-

ning mill to get the leaves out they are

weighed and the card credited with

the proper amount and returned to the

picker.

, The children are all loyal to Roy, as

they all call him, because he is firm

but fair with them. After they are

through picking, if his auto or motor

truck is going to town he gives them

a ride. He also allows them to eat

their noon-day lunchs on his fine shady

front lawn, where he has a water tap

convenient for their drinking or wash-

ing up.



When picking is good, as it has

been this year, the children will bring

all their sisters, brothers and other

juvenile relatives. As a result Mr.

Munson had more pickers than he

needed. .



Methods to Beat the System.



Occasionally individuals endeavor to

take. advantage of him by punching

their cards with pencils or complain-

ing that their cards were lost, and

stating the amount they had on them.

The pencil punches do not work be‘

cause the regular punches make clean

cut, characteristic holes, while pencils

holes leave rough edges on one side.

When a card is lost the loss is the

child’s, not Mr. Munson’s, as that

scheme was worked too often before

these restrictions were put into effect.



In order to have the picking done

thoroughly there is a boss with each

gange who sees that a bush or tree is

cleaned up before another is started,

and punches the cards. He is usually

a high school boy who has worked for

Mr. Munson during several vacations.



Pay day is on Friday, and it is in-

teresting to watch‘the children, with

anxious eyes, line up for their pay. In-

variably from the smallest tot up, they

have figured the ambunt due them and

are very exact regarding the amount

they should receive. ;



In some cases the writer has noted

that the farmers have gained in the

matter of labor supply by the fact that

some of draft age have taken up farm





w0rk for theapurpose of having an ex.





emption cause. .





oblcm' , '"





   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   





 





 

 

 





. I C .

The Seientiflc Correction

of AClCllty



You cannot get perfect results by trying to correct

an acid soil in a hap-hazard, guess-work manner. It

takes accurate scientific knowledge of conditions.



For example, when the thermometer stands at 30°F

it requires only a small amount of sunshine to correct

that freezing condition—dust the same, when your soil

is slightly acid it requires only a small amount of lime-

stone to correct that sour condition and make it sweet.



When the thermometer stands at zero it takes more

sunshine than most winter days can supply to thaw

that freezing condition. But to sweeten an extremely acid

soil is simply a question of applying greater quantities

of limestone per acre. An accurate knowledge of just

how much to use is, however; essential.





 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 





95% Through

50-Mesh





Screen





 

 





aim





MESTONE





Suppose you were trying to correct this freezing condi

tion when our thermometer showed zero-~20 degrees of sun-

shine wou dn’t do it. Suppose you were trying to correct an

acid condition in your soil without knowing the degree of

acidit --perhaps one ton per acre would not e sufficient and

your abor of a plying would soon have to be repeated again.



Many aut orities recommend the application of two tons

of limestone per acre of sour soil as a general prescription—-

as a matter of fact, sometimes one ton per acre will be

sufficient to properly sweeten your soil, then again it may

take four to six tons, depending upon how low your ther-

mometer of acidity stands.





Get The Advice Of Our Chemists





We suggest that you test your soil with Litmus l’apcr, which we will

supply free. If your soil proves sour, send us a sample and our laboratories

will report a test to you made by the delicate ‘ Truogg” method. A test

Which shows five different degrees of acidity.



Then we will make a recommendation to you. You will not be

obligated in any way but the information will permit you to go ahead and

correct your sour soil without chance or guess work.





made and shipped

by I





m§olva Process CO

11:25. _ Mic





/, ..,

//III'II."'-I,'

A, ,' '

' ' '.t|l





94 %

Carbonates





 

 

   

 





     





l .

t





\ "l





\ K‘s-It NifliiNG





a", i.





The Nation will need every potato you can produce this year.

There Will also be a big export demand. Get all of them. Adopt

I better and cheaper method of digging your crop. Use a





Hoover Potato Digger





- _ Digs fast and easnly



Get; all the tubers. Saves the backache; from hand dig ing. Digs from five

to eight acres a clay. Delivers all of the potatoes on top of t e round—easily seen

and picked up. No woods or trash to bother. This is delivers: to the side of row.

Picker attachment can be furnished which delivers potatoes in piles or in crates.

Hoover Potato Diggers re recent :1 better investment

than ordinary diggers. T ey give more years of ser-

vice and at less cost for upkeep. Made of steel and

malleable costing- almoot entirely. Elevator rods are

client. This promote; better separation, and prevents

potatoes from falling back on elevator.

oom rs are built in different

lo. and sizes—there is a type that



meet your requirements.

Write for Hoover Potato D gar Book-



Mdled free.





 





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





   

   

   





   

   

   

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 

 





 





 

 





5 JOHN "BEERES'

menus..- ILL. '
k "“ 'i

, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\x\\





\\ Silver’s‘ ‘Ohio’

\\ 11.31.091an Silofiller





Makes clean-cut, uniform silage—releases

ell silage juices—packs solidly—ferment:

‘ evenly—expels all air. "Silvenzed Silage”

brings biggest milk yield from dairy cows—

\ puts weight on fat stock. Write for booklet

on “Silverized Silage,” showing proof.

Backed 62 years manufacturing expe-

rience. Ifnbeatable features—direct drive,

friction reverse. automatic beater feed.

Used by leading farmers and Experiment

Stations ever wshere. Let’ 5 refer on to

owners SFREE—Catalog an book-

let on “Silverized Silage. " Write today.





Box 390. Salom,\\





‘ \ THE SILVER IFS. 00.,





   

   

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

   





 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





UNICORN





Dairy Ration

. What It Is Doing In Michigan





During the past year Unicorn

. Dairy Ration has made the fol—

lowing high achievements in

Michigan. Highest Cow-Testing

Aee’n in U. s. (Allegan, Mich.)

Higheet Jersey Herd Year

Recordin Mich. Highest Guern-

eey Year Record in Mich. All

of these and hundreds of others

. were made with grain rations con-

taining over 60% of Unicorn.





UNICORN





Dairy Ration





is a dairy food containing three times as

much protein and fertility as corn. It

contains no human food. Every day

more breeders In Mlohlgen adopt

UNIGORN tor thelr retlon base. We

have the choicest feeds to make it with and

give you the best money can buy. Send

or genuine certified list of high records

end free copy of our useful .Cow Testers’

Manual. Prices quoted 011 request.





(iHlPlll 8100., Dept. M, Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





Increase Your

Milk Flow





 





AUTOMATIC CONTROL—FRESH

SUPPLY AT EVERY DRINK





Write for Circular and Pricee

For Sale by Dealers Everywhere





JOHN W. LADD co. Detroit—Cleveland





0... ”ML





Iuye the New letter- ! =— .1

0er. No. I. Lightrunning, , .

easy cleaning. close ekim- «5 . ~





ming, durabl.e Guaranteed



e lifetime. ime 52m



r hour. Made also in ve ‘4

erzer eieee up 00:80.! ohm here.

’ ' Earn 1:.- t



30 Days Free Trial ‘i‘i. :.....’1‘.§°§i.’:a

oetn rinze Free ee



argue: endundlreet-t‘ fm- eatery" oflee

Buy from the menu helm-er en eeve money.





.ALBAUGH -D°VER co. "3’

I165 Merehell Blvd. CHICAGO





 





 





 





 





 

 





   

   

 

   

 





 

 

 





 





 





RAT CUR/V





llfitlllill ssh) llUI.

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.

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‘Sllaeu as





 





 





' ing lesson in





a.





HE prevailing high prices of

grain feeds in the face of very

moderate prices paid for dairy

products have reduced the dairy farm-

er’s profits to a. point where it is an

open question. with many whether it

is possible to make the cow pay for

the large grain ration necessary. Sev-

eral western New York dairymcn have





 





. found that if they are able to dispense





with half the grain he formerly fed

without materially reducing the milk

production and butter-fat, the chances

for profit have increased at a smaller

cost of production.

Tests Show Advantages.



Several feeding experiments have

been held in various sections of New

York to determine just what position





 





The general plan of this experiment

was to compare two rations which

should carry as nearly as possible the

same amount of dry matter and nutri-

ents. In one ration these nutrients

were to be derived largely from rough-.

age, mainly silage; in the other ration

no silage was to be fed and as little

roughage as seemed wise, the bulk of

the nutrients being derived from con-

centrates. The two rations fed carried

practically the same amount of dry

matter. In one over fifty per cent of

this dry matter was derived from sil-

age and less than eighteen per cent

from grain. In the other over fifty:

seven per cent of the dry matter was

from grain, no silage being fed.



The silage used in the test was a





 





Starlight's Contrast, a High-producing Guernsey.





silage may be made to occupy in the

dairy cow’s ration, and the relative

basis for feeding as compared with

purchased grains. In one of these tests

ten cows were used, representing five

different breeds, to determine what ef-

fect the feeding of more silage than is

usually fed, with a corresponding re-

duction in the grain portion of the ra-

tion might have upon the production

of milk, butterfat, gain in weight, cost

of ration, and consequent profit.





 





 





 





 





   





A Call to

Your Grocer





 





will bring a '

package of





Grape-Nuts ‘





. A delicious,

healthful food

and a pleas-

economy.





‘.‘\There's a Reason” .





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





mixture of one ton of soy beans and

cowpeas to two and a half tons of sil-

age corn. There were nearly twice as

many soy beans in the mixture as

cowpeas. The silage corn was very

low in dry matter, owing to an unfor-

tunate season. The silage was found

to contain 18.63 per cent dry matter,

2.36 per cent protein, 4.68 per cent

crude fibre, 0.92 per cent of fat, and

9.36 per cent of nitrogen free extract,

being richer in protein and poorer in

carbohydrates than average corn silage

on account of the admixture of soy

beans and cowpeas.



The cows fed the silage ration pro-

duced 96.7 pounds of milk and 5.08

pounds of butter-fat per hundred

pounds of dry matter; those fed the

grain ration produced 81.3 pounds of

milk and 3.9 pounds of butter-fat.



The cost of feed per hundred pounds

of milk produced was $0.687 with the

silage ration and $1.055 with the grain

ration. The cost of feed per pound of

butter-fatiwas 13.1 cents with the sil-

age ration and 22.1 cents with the

grain ration. The average net profit

per cow per month (over cost of feed)

was $5.864 with the silage ration and

$2.465 with the grain ration.





Results Show Silage :1 Grain

Substitute.



Comparing the average daily pro.-

duct of each cow for the entire test

with her average daily product for the

month previous to the change in ra-

tion (or the first month of their test

in the case of two cows), the cows fed

the silage ration shrank 2.84 per cent

in milk and gained 1.89 per cent in but-

ter-fat production. The“ cows fed the

grain ration shrank 9.11 per cent in

milk and 14.18 in butter-fat produc-

tion. Upon the conclusion of the ex-

periment each lot of cows was found

to have gained in live weight—the sil-

age‘fed cows an average of forty-seven

pounds per head; the grain-fed cows

an average of fifty-seven pounds.





The facts reported seem to justify

the conclusion that silage can be made





i to take the place of considerable grain





that is being fed to dairy coma in var-





 





soy beans, eowpeas, field peas, vetches

—a_nd ensiloing them or feeding. them

as hay, will be possible to further re.

duce the amount of feed cost, and to

.increase the profits of the dairy herd.

New York. E. W. GAGE.





 





SILOS CONSERVE FEED.





 





Erecting a silo is not so spectacular

as shelling a trench; but is certain to

have an important part in winning the

war. We must conserve food or Uncle

Sam cannot supply his hungry neigh<

bors. Here the silo plays its part in

world affairs. It is the greatest feed

saver known to farming.





An acre of corn fodder put into the

silo has more feeding value than an

acre of field corn whose stalks have

been stripped of its ears and fed with

the meal made from the dry corn.

There are several reasons for this. One

is that in putting corn into the silo

none of it is wasted. The Whole corn

plant, except the roots, goes in and

when it comes out it is so palatable

that the cattle, horses and sheep just

cannot leave it alone until the last

vestige has disappeared.



Another economy in the use of the

silo results from corn being stored at

a time when it contains the greatest

amount of nutrients per acre. Then,

after the fooder is in the silo, it goes

right on getting better. It becomes

even more palatable than the corn was

before being ensiloed, tasting so good

in the ration that the cow or steer

does not mind particularly-if some of

the other feeds are somewhat dulling

to the appetite.



In the labor saved lies further silo

economy, which is of great importance

now. It takes no more labor to put an

acre of corn in the silo than to shock,

husk and shred it; but the product is

more valuable.





Rats and mice cannot eat the corn

that is in the silo, nor wind and rain

decrease its feeding value.





In many sections the filling'season

is very close at hand, and quick ac.

tion will be needed if a silo is to be

put up this year. Every fall sees a.

rush for silo materials at the last mo-

ment. The rush will be greater than

ever this year on account of the feed

shortage.





SUGGESTIONS ON THE CARE AND

FEEDING 0F DAIRY CATTLE.





 





Do not feed the dairy herd as a.

herd, for cows differ in their food re-

quirements just as human beings do.

By feeding all cows in the herd alike,

some are sure not to get enough for

the greatest profit and others will get

more than they can use, to advantage.



Cows need much water and should

be induced to drink two or three times

a day if possible. The average milch

cow requires nearly ten gallons of wa-

ter a day and 'more than two‘thirds of

that must come as drink and the bal-

ance from water in the feed. Always

provide clean fresh water.





Salt should be supplied at the rate ,





of five to seven ounces a. week, given

as often as twice during the week. Do

not use a common. salt box in the yard

unless all the cows are absolutely free

from disease.





It pays in dollars and cents to give

the cow extra care. The cow that is

kept comfortable will give the best.

returns.



It is always desirable to grind all

grains. for the dairy cow because of

the large amount of feed that a cow

must digest in order to produce well.





There is no advantage in cooking or '





steaming feeds for dairy cows. Some

unpalatable feeds may be consumed

in larger-quantities if cooked but cOok-‘

ing does not ordinarily add much to

the palatabllity of grains and may ev-

en decrease their digestibility.





a





is. ‘





- .. .‘m-...,
+7





_ CTrufll ‘ bout ,

. Tractor Lubrication





   





. n“





H.“





By Those Who Know





HEORY has its place in any scientific equation. But for everydafpur-

oses we must rely on practlcal experience. Recommendations by the

L tandard 011 Company must be correct, not onlyin theory but backed





 





 





Crookston, Minn., June 28, 1917





To Whom It May Concern:—





Considerable advertising has been

done by a great many Oil Com-

panies, stating the amount of sav-

ing, etc., which could be made

through the use ofhigh priced lub—

ricating oil, and as l‘am the owner

of a Big Four—four cylinder—304:0

Gasoline burning tractor, I was

interested in finding out whether

high price had anything to do with

high-quality, so decided to have a

test made.





June 26th I filled my engine

crank case with an oil retailing in

Crookston at 65c per gallon when





purchased in barrel quantities, and.





which is the oil recommended by

the company manufacturing it .to

be the proper oil for summer use in

a 1915 model, Big Four 30—60 tractor.



I ran the tractor myself, pulling

the same load under exactly the

same conditions as those previously

encountered while using Stanolind

Gas Engine Tractor Oil, and

although there was practically no

difference in the weather tempera—-

ture, it only took two hours work

pulling a 30-inch, Model A, Russell

Elevator Grader until the tempera-

ture of the cooling system had risen

50" higher with the 65c oil than

when using Stanolind Gas Engine

Tractor Oil.





It is needless to say that with

this difierenée in temperature of

the cooling system more gasoline

and lubricating oil was used. 1,

therefore, feel that I can conscien-

tiously recommend Stanolind Gas

Engine Tractor Oil, even though it

is much cheaper in price, to all

operators of Big Four 30—60 Gaso-

line Burning Tractors.





My tractor was purchased during

the season of 1915, and since that

time to date I have plowed 1800

acres, broke 475 acres, and have

pulled a heavy road grader more

than 800 miles in the construction

of roads. I have never found it

necessary to overha‘il the motor as

the compression is good and the

tractor has plenty of power.



With the exception of one barrel

of lubricating oil, I have never used

other than Stanolind Gas Engine

Tractor Oil manufactured and sold

by the Standard Oil Company of

Indiana, which ,is selling today at

29.4c per gallon F. O. B. 'Crookston.



Yours very truly,

[Signed] E. A. MCCOY.





 





 





   





up by practical, every-day experience under working conditions.





C ,Your tractor pulls a terrific load. The working temperature of your engine is

extreme, whether you burn gasoline or kerosene for fuel.





You must have an oil that will maintain its viscosity under any and all condi-

tions. If It doesn’t, metal will touch metal and there is trouble—serious trouble

-more expenswe than your lubricating oil for several seasons will amount to.





II High-Priced Oil

Does Not Mean





; The Best Oil





There are lubricating oils on the market which sell for

double the price of Stanolind Gas Engine Tractor Oil,

Standard Gas Engine Oil and Polarine.





But these latter oils are made by the Standard Oil Com—

pany (Indiana) and for that reason can be, and are sold, at

a low price. ‘





They are made especially for tractors. They are the results

of exhaustive and extensive research work on the part of the

most complete assemblage of lubricating experts who have

devoted their lives to the solution of lubricating problems.





These men recommend Stanolind Gas Engine Tractor Oil

for tractors using kerosene; Standard Gas Engine Oil for

tractors burning gasoline———and Polarine in various grades

for tractors-having high speed motors.





They Say—





that these oils add power and life to. your motor; that they are of great

durability and economical in use; that they lubricate thoroughly even the

remotest reciprocating surfaces, reducing friction to a minimum; that they

maintain their viscosity even under extreme heat conditions to practically

the same degree as‘the so-called heavy oils. '





What Leading Tractor Builders Say—





The International Harvester Company recommends Stanolind Gas Engine

Tractor Oil for their tractors. J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company

recommends Stanolind Gas Engine Tractor Oil for their tractors, as do

numerous other manufacturers recommend one or the other of these

superior lubricating oils for their respective tractors.





And the letter from Mr. E. A. McCoy of Crookston, Minn., at the left,

needs no comment. If you go' to a physician you accept his diagnosis——

you don’t dispute the judgment of alawyer on legal matters. Accept

the united recommendation of the largest manufacturers of tractors, of the

largest refiners of oil, of the best petroleum research men,.and an en-

thusiastic tractor owner, '





Made, Recommended and Guaranteed by the





STANDARD OIL COMPANY





. ' ( iana.‘

72 W. Adams St. W Chicago, U. s. A.





 





 





Table of Tractor Specflli

cations and Cylinder

Oils Recommended





. . . dardG En ' Oil

Kev (SE-(TIE gmolind 36-: E3211»

actor Oil





Pol. Pglarlne on

n p





. . Heavy Polarlne 011,,

E. H. P. Extra Heavy Pol-rm.





Advance Rumely—



Oil Pull

“ 1550

Gas Pull 15—30

All Purpose 8—16





12~24



Allis—Chalmers 10—18

Allwork 12—25

American 20

It 60



" Oll Tract. 20—35

Andrews l020

& T 18-36



A & '1‘ 25-50

A & '1‘ 80—00

Avery 6—10

“ 8-16



" 12-25



" 18—36



“ 25—50



“ 40-80

Baby Johnson 27—29

Bates 10-20

16-80



Bates Steel Mule 80

Beeman—Garden 4

Best 75

Big Bull 7-20

Boring 10 20

Brillion 25

Buckeye. Jr. 8-16

' Buckeye 40

Case 10—20

“ 12—25

” sow

“ 80—60

Caterpillar 45—25

“ 75-50

Champion 16

Chase 25—85

“ 15—25



C O.D. 13-25





Common Sense 15—25

Creeping Grip 20—12

C.T.4 16-82

Dakota No. 1 20-25



“ No. 2 40—45





Denning HHS

Dill 28-47

Eagle 12-25

Emerson L 12—20





Big 4 20—85



" Big 4 80—55

‘ ' Reeves 40—65

24





Fairmont



Farm Horse 15—26

Farmer Boy 85

Farmobile 12—20

Farguahr 4—80

440

Fitch 25

Gray 20—85

“ 15-25



Hackney Auto

Plows 20—25

" 15-20





Happy Farmer 8-16

Hart—Parr—

Little Devfl 22

Crop Maker 27





Oil King 85

Steel King 40

Old Reliable 60

Hoosier 8-16

Huber 20—40

” 85-70

Hume 2030

Hume Jr. 12-18

I H. C.—

Mogul 8—16

‘ 1225

Titan 10—20

” 15—30

II 50-60

Imperial 40

Inger-.0 10—20

Iron Horse 16-25

K-C 20

Kinnard 1525

Knox 40

K—T 12-25

Lausen 15-25

” 20-85

Lawter 60

Leader l2—18

Leader. Jr. 9-15

Leader 25—40

Lion '

Little Oak

Louisville Avery 10—20

Maytag 25

Minneapolis :3





It 25





‘t





40

M01 ine Universal 6-12





Morton 60

New Age i0—18

Nevcrslip l2—20

N ilson 40

Olin 13.25

Paramount

Parrett All Pur. 10—20

Peoria 8-20

Phoenix

Pioneer “30" 30-60

“ Jr. 20—45

“ Pony 15-30

Plow Boy 10—20

Prairie Dog 26

Rock Island

Heider lO-fl

Russell 12—24

At 20-40

0. 80‘60

Sandusky 38

Simplex 15—30

Simplicity 25

mith 10—20

Standard-Detroit 10—20

Stewart 40-60

Straddle Row

Universal 85

Strait. Model:

Strite

Sullivan 8—10

Tom Thumb 20—12

Twin City is

‘C ‘6 25

II I. m

U‘ I. _m

Waite 8-10





Wallis (Cub)

Waterloo Boy I!“

Wolverine ’

Yuba





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Unequalled Entertainment Features Every Day I

‘ of the Big Annual Exposition





HERE will not be a moment’s delay in the succession of thrilling and inter-



esting amusement numbers which make up the entertainment program of

the Michigan State Fair this year. Thousands of dollars have been spent in.

bringing these remarkable entertainment features together, forming the greatest

array of exhibition” and platform talent ever gathered at a State Fair.





Ruth Law and Louis Gertson Disbrow Defends Race Title; Wild West-Horse, Show--Mid-





In Day and Night Flights





Two of America’s most renowned

masters of aviation—-Ruth Law,

the only woman military flyer

in the United States; Louis Gert-

son, most daring army aviator

in this country—-will be seen in

day and night aerial exploits

never before exhibited. The

reckless flights of these fearless

artists are a revelation. In their

experience they have mastered.

every feat known to aviation.

Today nothing, in this respect,

is "new to them. '





All of these are in





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Fast Harness Horse Events





Mile-a—minute averages will fade

into insignificance when Clark,

Klein, Horey and others strive

to wrest the dirt track champion- ‘

ship from Louis Disbrow in the

speed carnival at the opening

of the big annual exposition,

Saturday and Sunday, ‘



Trotters and Pacers from all

parts of the U. S. and Canada

will be entered in the six day

program of harness horse events

which will feature the Fair this

year.





way--Fireworks,DailyFeatures .





A true picture of frontier life is

presented by California Frank’s

company of 35 people in real-

istic Indian fighting, roping,

shooting and riding acts.



Thoroughbred riding and driv-

ing animals are entered in the

Evening Horse Show.



Wholesome amusement for

young and old in Johnny J.

Jones’ superior Midway. attrac—

tions. Patriotic Fireworks

close the ,F air program every

evening. ‘





addition to immense exhibits of farm produce, live '





stock and mechanical farm helps. ~



Numerous educational exhibits offer valuable suggestions in the rearing r

of children, conduct of the home, cooking, canning and other subjects

vital to the American household.



See the mammoth $75,000 Child Welfare Exhibit--reproductions of this

valuable display have been shown in many European cities.‘ ‘ '

Judging contest for boys inspires interest in live stock; Prizes for girl can-

ning club teams; Better Babies’Contest; Girls’ milking Contest and BOys’





State Fair School. ' , .





 

 

 

 

 

   

   





See A" of Them at' Detroit ,





w”um-115T   31 m SEPTEMB





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LITERATURE

. POETRY



HISTORY an?



INFORMATION-





 





 





 





This'Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week. Evgrl article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere=





 





one of the big tasks of the war,



particularly when in this day of

high prices the United States is deter-

mined to keep up its reputation of hav-

ing “the best fed, best clad navy in the

world.” '



With its reserves and auxiliaries, the

navy will soon have a force of 200,000.

To provide three square meals a day

for this large number of men requires

mountains of food. The principal items

for a single month are: Meat (refrig-

erated), 5,509,600 pounds; flour, 4,854,-

000 pounds; vegetables (mostly pota-

toes), 8,769,200 pounds; butter, 620,400

pounds; coffee, 462,000 pounds; sugar,

1,678,000 pounds; beans (white navy),

100,200 pounds; tomatoes, 612,200





FEEDING and clothing the navy is





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All;





Supplying the U. S. Navy





pounds, corn, 251,000 pounds; and milk

(evaporated), 624,600 pounds.

Steady Stream of Supplies.



To furnish this food requires a

steady stream of supplies to every

navy yard, training station, port, and

ship. Most of the articles must be ar-

ranged for long in advance, and there

must be no hitch or delay in transpor-

tation or delivery. The navy draws its

supplies from many sections of the

Union-flour from the grain centers;

meat, from the packing houses; can-

ned vegetables and fruits from the

places where the canning industry

flourishes; coffee and sugar, from the





principal producing and distributing

pointsp All this must be brought to-

gether at the ports where it is needed

to provision ships or provide for the

men in training ashore.



Clothing the greater navy has been

no small undertaking. More than 100,-

000 men have been enlisted in the reg-

ular navy and naval reserves since war

was declared, and to outfit these men

the following was required: Over-

shirts, 200,000; dress jumpers, 100,000;

blue trousers, 200,000; overcoats, 100,-

000; blue caps, 100,000; white hats,

200,000; white undress jumpers, 300,-

00; white trousers, 400,000; drawers,





 





 

 

 





'17:: FARM BOY

ana GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





I





nainsook, 200,000; drawers, heavy,

200,000; undershirts, heavy, 200,000;

undershirts, light, 200,000; jerseys,

100,000; watch caps, 100,000; leggins,

100,000 pairs; neckerchiefs, 100,000;

gloves, 100,000 pairs; socks, 400,000

pairs; shoes, 200,000 pairs; mattresses,

100,000; mattress covers, 100,000;

blankets, 200,000; towels, 200,000. _



All this in addition to providing for

the requirements of the men who were

in the navy before the war was declar-

ed, and clothing which is subjected to

much greater wear under war service

conditions than in time of peace has,

had to be constantly replaced.



Some of the Contracts Let.



There probably will be a quarter of



a million men in the naval service be-





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ORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





Happy Women Rai‘lroaders in Yards

’ at Jersey City.





 





 





 





 





Holland Troops in Amsterdam Protect Public Property During Food Riots.





 





 





 





Young French Airman Brings Down

His Fifteenth Enemy Plane.





 





 





 





 





iv





Visibility to' E'n'e‘my .Eyes. Amidst the Ruins of Ancient Greece Soldiers Stand Guard Over Athens.

Copyright by Underwood & linderwood. low York '
~ . 'vance.





   





this many months, and to keep them

"in clothing vast quantities are required

and ‘must be arranged for long in ad-

Here are some of the big con-

v tracts for future needs that have been

awarded by the navy- department: Cot-

ton socks, 3,500,000 pairs; woolen

socks, 600,000 pairs; shoes, 700,000

. pairs; jerseys, 750,000; cotton under-

shirts, 3,000,000; nainsook drawers, 1,-

400,000; handkerchiefs, 4,000,000; bath

towels, 950,000; blankets, 600,000;

heavy undershirts, 500,000; heavy

drawers, 500,000; watch caps, 450,000;

sick neckerchiefs, 340,000; woolen

gloves, 300,000 pairs; -leggins, 300,000

pairs; bleached twills. for white uni»

- forms, 6,000,000 yards; blue denim for

dungarees (overalls), 3,000,000 yards;

heavy canvas for sails, awnings, cov-

ers, hammocks, cots, etc., 4,000,000

yards; mattress covers, 400,000; heavy

overcoats, 250,000; 11-ounce cloth for

shirts and jumpers, 1,500,000 yards;

trousers cloth, 1,250,000 yards.





How it Was Done.



This was only one of the many tasks

of the Bureau of Supplies and Ac-

counts resultant from the war. Speak-

ing of how it has been performed, Rear

Admiral McGowan, chief of that bu-

reau and Paymaster’General of the

navy, said:



“When war was declared recruits

poured into the navy at the rate of

more than a thousand a day. From

every naval station came the call for

uniforms, blankets, and all the various

things needed by the thousands.



“At the Brooklyn and Charleston

clothing factories it was not a case

merely of working overtime, but all

the time, the output being limited, not

alone by the number of operatives

available, but very much by the short

supply of materials obtainable.



“The navy manufactures most of its

uniforms in its own factories.’ The

naval clothing factory at Charleston

is now turning out daily 2,500 pairs of

white trousers, 1,500 white jumpers,

and 1,500 suits of dungarees (over-

alls). When the large addition which

was completed some time ago is work—

ing with the full number of opera-

tives, this factory will be able to turn

out 100,000 suits of‘white clothing a

month. The clothing factory at the

New York Navy Yard, which has

charge of the production of blue uni-

forms, has greatly increased its out-

put. In May, 200,000 blue suits were





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





\ The emblem on this boy’s sleeve is

the “4-H” emblem symbolizing the un-





17 -, ion of head, hand, heart, and health.

., “ He is one of thousands of boys over

_‘ r the country who is learning the art





- of canning, preserving, etc., under the

co—operative instruction of federal and

,sstate agents.





 





h‘ :.





 





, , .“ M the? are-gheing . -

outvat the rate of 700,000-suitsainonth,

a large part of thework being done by

private contractors.



“The great dimculty we experienced

in getting blue cloth, of which there

was very little in the market, has been

overcome. To provide for future'needs,

we have this week awarded contracts

for the manufacture of 2,500,000 yards

of blue uniform cloth. The manufac-

turers may either secure the wool

from other sources or from the navy,

as they desire.





for many other articles of clothing





which will be required. We are antici- '





pating our needs and providing not

only for the present emergency, but

for the creation of a reserve.





“It is our business to furnish the _





men who are fighting our battles on

the seas with everything required for

their comfort, and we are determined

to do it. America is giving them the

best in the shop.”





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Reflecting





Character





. By AUNT QUILLA





lived on farms only a mile or two

apart. This gave them a chance

for frequent visits, and one Saturday

afternoon in spring.Frank came over

to spend a couple of hours with Fred.

After exhausting all the entertain-

ment that the barn and back yard af-

forded, Fred proposed taking a walk

to the woods where hepaticas,Dutch-

man’s bruches, and other wild flowers

were in bloom.

As they strolled along the wayside





FRANK and Fred were cousins who





tion of the fine weather and his good

feed. With head erect, glossy mane

tossing in the sunlight, round and

round he was galloping about his green

enclosure, every now and then giving

vent to his high spirits by throwing

his heels into the air and cavorting

and snorting about so oddly and so

merrily that Fred again shouted with

glee. “O, pshaw!” said Frank, “that

doesn’t compare with the fun that an

old nag afforded me, on my way to

town one day last summer. Her ears,





 





 





 





 





 





The Afternoon Drive.





 





they came to a field Where some lambs

were playing, and their antics were so

like the froliCsome ways of young chil-

dren that Fred at once became greatly

absorbed in watching them. A farm





‘ hand had begun to plow the field and





up and down the long furrows they

raced until, for a change, they began

leaping over a large stone near which

no work had been done. First, the

leader would skip over it, and then one

by one the others would follow, all

clearing it so neatly, gracefully, and

cunningly, that Fred, who had enter-

ed into the spirit of the play, laughed

aloud and Clapped his hands in glee.

Frank, however, looked on stolidly for

a moment and then thrusting his

hands carelessly into his pockets, and

making no comments, went whistling

on his way. -



They had not gone far before a

chance for his amusement occurred.

A rabbit rushed from a clump of bush-

es followed by a big haying dog, who,

with tongue extended, and vicious

looking jaws, was rapidly gaining

ground on his would-be prey. With

pert little ears pressed closely to his

head, heart palpitating, and eyes al-

most bursting from their sockets, bun-

ny kept up his frantic attempts at es-

cape. “That is what I call fun,” ex-

claimed Frank, as he set the dog on

more fiercely than ever. At last his

enthusiasm became so great that he

actually threw himself on the ground,

laughing and rolling in merriment over

the exciting chase. “That is what I

fall fun,” he again exclaimed; “I

"wouldn’t give a rap for» all the sissy

games those lambs could play in. a

whole summer.”



Farther on they came to a pasture

where ‘a colt was showing his apprecia-





neck, and flanks were fairly plastered

with flies, and the old ninny seemed to

think she could get away from their

stings by switching her tail and lum-

bering along so fast that she nearly

threw the boy who was driving her

from the old ramshackle wagon in

which hesatn I suppose I made him

mad but I couldn’t help shouting, ”Gb

it Nancy- Hanks, you are the finest old

lady coming down the pike!”



And so it went. It seemed impossi-

ble for the two boys to see the laugh-

able side of the same thing. At last

they came to a ditch into whose water

four kittens had been thrown and left

to die in the chill of the coming night.

Three were already dead but the

feurth was still struggling to climbits

steep sides, but being too exhausted

it would fall back at every attempt.

This made Frank laugh but Fred, hear-

ing the old cat mewing up the road,

extricated the unfortunate and gave it

over to its mother.



On reaching the house they found

grandpa out in the yard where he had

been looking after the bees. Now

grandpa was an American of German

descenti His ancestors had come from

the Rhine, and he still loved to recall

the vine-clad hills he had once visited,

and was proud of the literature of his

fatherland. g



Questioning the boys as to their

walk and what had most diverted them

he noticed that Frank had nothing to

say. Shrewdly drawing his own con-

clusions and looking Significantly at

him he remarked: “The great'poet

Goethe once said, ‘Men show their

character in nothing more clearly than

by what they think laughable?



At this Frank, suddenly remembered

that he ought to begoing as he had





3351”" W8 0.1 seller“ 'limdr skilr’efly m midi-fie

‘of thousands of pairs of shoes, and





.While the cawing of the crow





32:,





l ‘ ‘





 





 





about with a very re

for “home. '





MANY TEAMS ENTERED IN CAN-

NING CONTESTS. ‘





 





Girls’ canning clubs throughout the

state have fallen in so heartily with

plans for the canning tournament at

the State Fair in DetrOit, August 31

to September 9, that twenty-fiVe teams





Etandi _ M» Li. .'

face he ‘set'out- ’





have already announced an intention





to enter, it is reported by Miss Anna

B. Cowles, of the Michigan Agricul~

tural College, state leader of girls’

clubs. Prizes totaling, $300 will be

paid to. teams showing the highest,efl‘l-

ciency in thepreserving arts.



The scoring of competing squads,

according to instructions sent out this

week, will be made on four points——

skill, subject matter, the canned pro-

duct, and the team as 'a Whole. Twen-





ty-flve points will be allowed for each;





of" these. In addition, each of these

four important items will be subdivid-

ed. Under “skill” will be considered

ease in procedure, neatness and speed;

under “subject matter,” the scoring

will be done' on points of accuracy,

completeness and presentation; under

the head of “canned product,” the de‘

tails considered will be‘packing, color,

liquid, and flavor of the product put

up, and finally, under the subject of

“team as a whole,” the points will be

allowed on accuracy, preparation, ar-

rangement and use of equipment, neat-

ness, replies to questions and appear-

ance of team.





 





AT THE SPRING.

BY J. A. KAISER.

Here beside this crystal spring

Where the gay, glad waters sing

And glint and gleam;

Where the whispering zephyrs croon

Through the trees a drowsy tune,

Above the stream;

Let me rest awhile from care

And Dame Nature’s freedom share,

And drift, and dream.





{





Thrdugh the sylvan aisles I hear,

Borne on notes flute-like and clear,

The red-bird’s song.

And the black and white chewink

On the distant river’s brink,

Trills sweet and strong.

And the grouse his drum doth beat

Where the spring and river meet

And rush along.





Far a—down the azure sky

Falls the hawk’s shrill, piercing cry.‘

From dizzy height;

As he sails the ether through,

Scarce a speck against the blue,

Mid sunbeams bright.





As he wings his way below.

Doth mark his flight.





Near at hand, a sparrow sings.



Far away, a cow‘bell rings,

Faint-borne and low.



Through the brush a rabbit hops,



At my whistle starts and stops

With eyes aglow;



Then affrighted, darts away.



While the birds their music play

And waters flow.





How I love these wooded aisles!

Where the face of nature smiles;

Where life’s dull care

’Neath the spell doth drop away;

Where the wild, free creatures stay;

Where jewels rare,

Never found in palace halls

Nor enclosed in man-made walls,

The forests wear.





THE RESERVES.





 





BY Z. I. DAVIS.





List the coming of the army,

Each one wears a thoughtful smile;

Troops .of merry hearted children,

Forming in the rank and file.





As we hear the steady tramping

Of the young and untried feet,

Comes the strong appeal of childhood,

Through ttheir young life, pure and

swee .





Eagerly we mark their footsteps

To the schoolhouse on the hill,



As they leave the park and woodland.

Quite forsaken, lone and still.





With a long look to the future,

And ,a glance at yesterday,

Bless the children, God in Heaven,





 





Guide them, keep them in W way;
“CO





.1»,





   





“And more than that, I pay my

debts,” his temper now entirely ruined

by my pretence at indifference. “So

I advise you to keep a civil tongue in

your head—you’re no longer in com-

mand of this ship.”



‘I smiled at the two of them, calmly

sitting down on the stool._ I was not

certain yet what hand I held, but de-

termined to play the cards cooly.



“So you fellows are in control; and

you come to me now with some sort

of proposition. All right; what is it?”



“We need a navigator for a few

days; one who will lay out the course

we decide on.”



“And I am the only one on board?”



“You are by far the most compe-

tent,” he confessed. “But you need

not think from that we are helpless

without you. I have no doubt I could

figure the matter out fairly well if I

had to, and I am perfectly aware that

Miss Carrington possesses some knowl-

edge of navigation. I imagine you.

might prefer doing this yourself rather

than having her compelled to show

her proficiency.”



“Where is Miss Carri‘ngton?”



“In her own stateroom; I have not

seen her since .we took possession of

the ship.”



“And the others-Bascom, and the

ofi‘icers?” '



"They’re all right,” broke in Liver-

pool, “except for some sore heads. We

downed the owner and the second

mate easy, but Leayord and the engi-

neer made some trouble, and had to be

soaked. We got ’em all quiet enough

now, where they can’t make any

trouble.”



“Where are they confined?”



He winked at me in a halfodrunken

leer.



“Which is none 0’ yer business——

hey, Mr. McCann?”





 





CHAPTER XXIII.

A Compromise. .

HE impudent manner of the fel-

l low served to fully- awaken me

p to a realization of the helpless



position I occupied. Only a conscious-

ness of absolute power would give him

liberty to speak like that; and it as in-

stantly flashed over me that if I would

save the ship, and give these others

on board an opportunity at escape, the

only possible chance lay in an appar-

ent yielding. I held back the first hot

retort on my lips, and forced a smile.



“I get the idea,” I said, pretending a

good nature I was far from feeling. “I

am to merely work under orders. Well,

I’d rather do that than let you wreck

the ship, and perhaps drown the whole

company. What'is your object in this

affair? ,You surely don’t hope to dis-

pose of this vessel and cargo?” .



“No, I don’t,” and McCann took a

step forward, his hand resting on the

,desk. “To be frank with you, Hollis,

this afiair has gone farther than I in—

tended; it got the start of me while

you held me prisoner aft here in the

cabin. There’s nothing for me to do

now but work out of the fix as best

I can.”



“Mutiny, then, was not part of your

original plan?”



“Not open mutiny—no, I’m home],

and I know what that means” I start-





__ ed in to make the crew dissatisfied, as





they would force you to put back- to an

American port. I offered them money,

but with no intention of resorting to

force. Then you locked me up, and

this other thing happened. We've gone

too far now to back out. The only

thing left to consider is how we are

going'to get away safely.”



* “And leave the Indian Chief unin-





. jured ?” . g ,

, {‘Cer‘taiiily. "Ifuthere is no real dam-A





 





one is: 76165115113 - and cents there





trab‘an





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U RANDALL

PAR RISH





will be no object in pursuit, once we

are safely away. Who is there to

care?”





“Your point is not a bad one from .





your standpoint,” I admitted. “But if

ever I get ashore alive the port officers

will compel me to make a report.”



“We’ll fix up the report on board,”

he said grimly. “It will be no trick to

fake that.”



“But suppose either Bascom or I re-

fuse to sign such a document?”



“See here, Hollis, you may think

this is a pretty little play, but it is

not. We know what we’re in for;

we’ve talked it all over, and decided

on the best thing to do. We don’t care

for this ship, or its cargo, but we real-

ize what mutiny means, and that some

of us would likely face a life-term, if

we get caught. We don’t mean to get

caught. So it’s up to you to decide

whether the Indian Chief remains

afloat, and no lives lost; or whether

the old hooker is never heard of

again.”



“You’d scuttle the ship?"



“That’s for you to decide; it’s my

advice to you not to take the chance.”



I could scarcely believe he meant

this; the proposition was so absolute-

ly heartless, so cold—blooded; I could

hardly associate it even with Fergus

McCann. The past week to be sure

had pretty thoroughly revealed to me

the despicable character of the fellow;

I believed there was no crime too low

for him to attempt if circumstances

led him that way. He was vindictive,

cowardly, and lawless. Yet I could not

drive wholly from- memory my' earlier

recollections of the man—:a seemingly

good-natured, story-telling guest on the

pleasure yacht of a millionaire. The

outward change was so great my 'mind

could not fully grasp the facts. Surely

he was not in reality the utter villain

he now professed himself. My eyes

left his face, and sought Liverpool,

who was leering' at me in drunken

gravity.



“Is this true, Red?

lows held council?”



“Some ov us have,” he said sullenly.

“,Iim, Dugan, Sims, and me, we talked

it all over with Mister McCann here,

an’ agreed what was best. That’s why

the two ov us come ter see you.”



“Unless I consent to sign a report

showing your desertion of the ship jus-

tified, you propose to sink the Indian

Chief?” ‘



“You, an’ Bascom——both ov’ yer.”



“And if we do sign—what then?”



“You’ll sail us within fifty miles ov’

the nearest open port, and we’ll take

to the boats, and leave you to be pick-

ed up.”



“You’d report our condition ashore?”



“Nothin’ was said about that. Yer

would be southard, an’ would soon

bring yer in the track 0’ ships; besides

there’s enough left ter handle the sails

ter give the hooker steerage way. We

figured ye’d be safe unless there was

a big storm.”



It was certainly a cold-blooded prop-

osition, but the fellow’s tone was so

matter-of—fact' I no longer doubted this

to be their final decision. 1McCann

evidently suddenly aroused to the dan-

ger of his position engendered by the

violence'of the crew, had schemed this

method of escape, and gained their

consent. Liverpool and White would

be ripe for anything they might hope

to profit by, and the others would be

afraid, to oppose. Knowing how use-

less the effort probably was I played

my last card.



“See here, Red,” and I drew a paper

from the drawer of the desk. “Do yen

fellows realize the value of this ship,

and the cargo-below decks?” ‘



“We [don’t care about that.”



’-."‘Well,' yen better, 'for it’s a, tidy gum.





Have you fel-





 





 





iN this “supreme test" ofithel'



' nation, private interests must be

subordinated to the Government's?

need. This is as true of the tele-

phone as of all other instrumentali.‘

ties of service. -





The draft for war service which:

has been made upon the Bell

System is summarized in a recent

Government report}





-cov‘ernment messages are given

precedence over commercial mes»

cages by means of l2,000 specially

drilled long distance operators all

over the country.





The long distance telephone fa?

cilities out of Washington 15an

heat more than doubled;



Special connections have been





established between all military

headquarters, army posts, naval





 

 





/ One Polity





One System





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Answering theNatioms Call





gstations and mobilization Camps

throughout the United States,





More than ‘l 0,000 miles of special

systems of- communication have

'been installed for the exclusive use

of Government departments.





Active assistance has been given

the Government by the Bell System

in providing telephone communi-

:gCations at approximately one hun-

dred lighthouses and two hundred

ceast guard stations.





s‘Comr‘nunication has""*Been pro»

vrded for the National Guard at





railroad points. bridges and Water





.supply systems.





.A comprehensive eys'tem of war.

roommunication will be ready at the

call of the Chief Signal Officer, and

.extensive plans for cos-operation

with the Navy have “been put into

effect with brilliant success.





.As the War continues, the demands of the Government will increase.

And the public can help us to meet the extraordinary conditions by putting

restraint on all unnecessary and extravagant use of the telephone.





, AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

. AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





Universal Service





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





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5. If?





 





 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

   

   





shot at, big game.





parts and complications.





and 'VHETALLE





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4-. a.»





i.»

ASPORTSMAN oftep has to travel





a long distance nowadays to get a





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In ammunition—Remington UMC Metallicsflwill I 've on

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5, CARTRIDGES





4 -.<‘ ’ EEC}

r’” s 43/51.,4

e 6?;





ers





 





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when your.

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor-
‘ see here—I'll pledge the crew

”fifty thousand dollars, to be divided as

you choose, if you will deck the Indian

thef at Hamburg”



- .“Who’ll pay it?”



:3" “The owner, within ten days of land;

ing.” .



“An’ if we get snapped up by an

English, or French cruiser on the way

over, all we’d ever get would be a jail.

That sorter plan don’t make no 'hit

with me, nor my mates. We’ve talked

it allover.”



McCann struck the desk with his

fist, impatient at the discussion.





“Your price is too low, Hollis. This

is no piker’s game. Red knows it is

Worth more than fifty thousand to me

to get back to New York.” He laughed

sneeringly. “You might be able to do

me up with your fists in an open boat,

my man, but when it comes to a show

dowu in hard cash you’re licked off the

boards every time. So now, will you

help us quietly, or shall we have to

make you?”



“What is it you desire of me?”



“That you work out an observation

once a day, and set the ship’s course

as we direct; then tell us when a cer-

tain point has been reached.”



“What point?”



“Fifty miles northeast of St. John’s.”



“And then what happens?”



“We will take to the boats, and

leave you and your officers to do what

you please with the ship.”



“Are all the crew with you in this

mutinous deal?”



The eyes of the two men met, and

' Liverpool blurted out.



“They’ll all do what we say; there's

none ov ’em yer kin count on fer ter

fight on your side; but maybe there's a

couple we won't have no use for when

we take to the boats."



“Who are they?”



“Thar’s no need 0’ my telling yer

that.”



“Well, even with those two this will

only give us six able-bodied men; that

is not enough with which to bring the

- Indian Chief into port.”-



“It will be all you’ll have, anyhow,”

said McCann grimly. “And you are

mighty lucky at that. The drift will

be southward, and will take you direct-

ly into‘the steamer lane. All you need

do is to keep steerage way, and wait

until you are picked up. You don’t

imagine we want you sailing into the

harbor at St. John’s the same time we

get there, do you? Come on now; stop

this talk, and give us an answer."



For a long moment I stood motion-

less, staring out through the open port

at the sun-lit waters. It seemed to me

my best course was to at least pretend

‘ to yield to their wishes- Nothing cer-

tainly could be gained through refusal,

for-they possessed the power to com-

pel obedience. To acquiesce would in-

sure me a measure of freedom on

board, an opportunity to learn the ex-

act conditions, and might enable me

to save the ship from destruction. The

mutineers had already gone too far to

withdraw; their position was suffi-

ciently desperate to render them reck-

less as to other crimes. Probably there

was no act they would hesitate to re-

sort to now to insure their escape

from the punishment already due un-

der the law. Not even murder, the

sinking of the vessel at sea, would be

beyond them.



'As to McCann, he had some object

in all this far more important than ap-

peared on the surface. He was never





I , assuming this risk, or investing all this





money in an illegal cause, without a

more serious purpose than an idle de-

sire to return to New York. He was

taking a tremendous chance, driven

by some impulse I could not compre-

hend. What was the secret—hate, re-

venge, greed, love? I would find out

sometime; but now I could only grape

in the dark, guessing at his motives.

Yet I knew this—his promises were

, lies. He would make use of me; he

"'wOuld induce me to pilot the ship to

the spot ’he desired to attain on the





 

 





broad bosom lot ‘ah,

what?

enough to permit the Indian Chief to





~ sail into any harbor. to accuse him of





such a crime. Back of all his words,

his explanations, his apparent fairness,

lurked treachery. I felt it, and knew

it, and the very suspicion led me to

reach swift decision. My eyes met his

with a smile. 4



“I cannot conceive that I have much

choice,” I said quietly. “It is to either

do this in freedom, or under compul-

sion. Naturally I prefer the former.

This isn’t my boat, you know, or my

cargo. I merely agreed to navigate it

as a kindness to Bascom, and in a

spirit of adventure. M yhead is worth

more to me than a few dollars, and

there is no reason why I shouldn’t fig-

ure out the position for you. Indeed,

I must do it for the safety of the ship.

It’s nearly noon now.” .



“You mean you accept our offer?”





“Yes; I will figure out the proper

course, and report to you when the

vessel is at the place you. designate.

That is all that is asked of me. In

return I have your pledge that the

ship will be left in good condition, with

all who are loyal safe on board?”



“Yes.”



“There is one more condition, Mc-

Cann”



“What?”



“That Miss Carrington be left abso-

lutely unmolested by either you or

your men, until the time comes for

you to take to the boats.”



“Ah! So that is really where the

shoe pinches!"



“We will not quarrel about it—eith-

er say yes, or no.”



“What do you mean by unmolested?

Am I prohibited from speaking to the

lady?"



“That is to be left to her choice, not

yours. She is to retain the key to the

stateroom; to eat alone if she prefers,

and to see such associates aboard as

she desires.”



Liverpool laughed drunkenly.



“Oh, what’s the difference,” he said

easily. “So far as I see that don’t

change things none. She’s locked her-

self in anyhow, an’ won’t answer no-

body. Yer might as well tell the skip-

per yes, Mister McCann, an’ let him

get on deck ter shoot the sun. We

don’t wanter lose a whole day just

dickering down here.”





McCann growled something which I

took to be assent, and I was myself,

so anxious to ascertain our exact posi-

tion, as to have no desire for further

argument. The best course of action

I could pursue for those left helpless

aboard, was to accept whatever degree

of freedom .the mutineers offered me

in return for the services I could ren-

der them. I could be of no possible

value looked a prisoner in that state-

room; no protection to her. Indeed,

if I refused to navigate the vessel,

leaving the ship to drift blindly

through these unknown waters, expos-

ed constantly to peril, I would be guil-

ty of a failure to do my duty almost as

great as the crime of these others. On

deck, knowing where we were and the

direction in which we were heading,

the opportunity might arise for the ac-

complishment of much. I grasped the

necessary instruments from the swing

ing shelf, and, with these in my hands,

turned toward the door.



“Come on ,then,” I said, ignoring the

fact that I was any longer a prisoner.

“Bring the chart one of you, and I’ll

point out where we are to you on

deck. ”



“Just hold on a minute,“ and Liver-

pool, blocking the doorway, pushed me

back with his huge .hand. “We’re the

bosses, not you. Git it out o’ yer head

right now, Mister, that .yer the cap-

tain of this ship Indian Chief. You

ain‘t nothin’; an’ if yer attempt to play

us any dirty tricks,_I'll smash yer the

same as I would a fly. Ain’t that right,

Mister McCann?”



“0h, Hollis underst’ands, Red. He

knows we’ve gone too far in this game





The man would never be fool:





to keep quiet.





 

   





aside, "I'just wanted-11M'ter know. "I

ain’t kill nobody in. cold-blood; but





I’m goin’ ter take kee‘r of myself, an’





my mates. Yer get me, skipper?"

“Yes, I get you,” I answered a bit

wearily. “So let it go at that, my man;

I know the time to fight, and the time

Now let’s go on deck.”

CHAPTER XXIV.





 





The. Interruption.

XCEPT for the absence of‘the

regular olficers from their sta-

tions I should not have known

any especial change had taken place

on board the ship. OutWardly every-

thing appeared about as usual. There

were no signs of disorder in the after—

cabin, although several of the state.

room doors stood wide open, and Dade,

who was polishing the stair-rail, turn-

ed and gazed at me curiously as I

emerged behind Liverpool, with Mo-

Cann trailing behind. The latter paus-

ed to insert the key into the lock of

the door, and I indulged in one swift



glance about the apartment.





“Bascom occupies his own state—

room?”



Liverpool nodded ungraciously

enough.





“And Miss Carrington retains hers?”



“We are not here to be interview-

ed, Hollis,” broke in McCann sharply.

“Go along on deck, and keep your

tongue to yourself.”





Realizing that silence was my best

weapon, I made no response, but

climbed the stairs. It was a day of

beauty, a soft southwest wind blow-

ing, the sky a deep blue overhead, and

the sea just rough enough to be full of

charm, the wave crests tipped with

sun, the hollows dark with shadows.

I paused an instant, seamanlike, as my

eyes swept the distant horizons, and

then wandered aloft to the furled top-

sails. It was, indeed, a fair sea pic-





' ture, with the Indian Chief alone amid





the.whole expanse of ocean. Forward

a few sailors loitered about the caps-

tan, and there was a man in the main-

top, but these were all that were visi-

ble, and they stared at us without

movement. White leaned over the poop

rail, looking down in silent curiosity—

but nowhere was there any evidence

of disorder, or relaxation of discipline.

The decks were clean—had, evidently

been scrubbed that morning, and no-

where could I perceive any signs that

the ship was in the hands of muti-

neers. Liverpool gripped my shoulder.



“Up the ladder with you,” he order-

ed. “There’s too little time left for

gaping about here.”





There were two men at the wheel,

although one could have attended to

the service, as the ship was at half-

speed, and the sea far from heavy. ‘I

recognized both faces, but couldn’t re-

call their names; the shorter fellow,

deeply potted, exhibited a fresh scar

where I had struck him with my boot

heel the night before. He grinned

good naturedly, and pointed to the

bruised flesh, as I caught his eye.

White was evidently the temporary

ofiicer in charge, and the brutality of

his face was clearly revealed in the

bright light, as he leaned against the

rail. However, I had scarcely time to

more than glance about, as the sun

was already at the zenith. The others

stood around silent, watching as I fig-

ured out our position on the back of

an old enevlope. I took my time at it,

not only from my own anxiety to be

accurate, but also because of other

thoughts in my mind, yet the calcula-

tion was completed at last, and I lifted

my eyes to McCann’s gaze.



“Well?” he said.



I gave him the figures.



“Are you sure this is correct?”



“As sure as I can be, the chronom-

eter hasn’t been corrected since the

ship. left Baltimore; except for possi-

ble variations on that, account, the fig-

ures are right. Spread out the chart,

and‘ I’ll, show you where we. arawithin





“Well," ’grofled«:-"the-giant; Stepping - »

course has been about as follows—-





, again ;'





. within the companion.





ard’s pantry.





hand me the ruler and cémpasseS.

White.

Now lean down here where you can

see for yourselves.

east until sundown at quarter-speed;

then straight north at from fifteen to

eighteen knots as long as I was on

deck. That should have put us along

in here.



Liverpool stepped over to the bin-

nacle, and peered into the hood.



“About a point west 0’ north, with

the wind on our port quarter.”



“At what speed?” .



“Pretty steady, as we are now, isn’t

that it, White?”



“Yes; shut down maybe an hour.”



“When did you furl the sails?"



“After we started up the engines

while we had all hands on

deck.”



“Well, I announced, after a moment

of measuring, “that would tally pretty

close with the figuring. Our present

position is just about here, where I

put the red cross.”





The three bent down and stared at

the spot on the chart, McCann even

getting to his knees on the deck, and

the two wheel‘Smen craning forward to

look over our heads. There was a

moment of breathless silence, and

then McCann took the compasses from

my hand, and began to measure dis—

tances.



“Two hundred and ten miles to the

northern extremity of Newoundland—

is that it?”



“A trifle more, I should say.”



“This is St. John’s here; what south«

ing does that give?”



“Over two hundred.” - -



“Do you know the harbor?”



“Only by description; I have never

been there. This is the best season,

of course, but even at that the coast

is not'considered very safe.”



“Ice?”



“There might be some even this

late, but the principal danger is from

storms and fog. St. John’s is quite a

shipping point, however, and a naval

base during the summer months.”





“Even the Montreal steamers pass

to the south of where we are?“



“They do not even sight Cape Race.”



He studied the map a few moments

longer, the three men talking earnest-

ly while I left them, and walked over

to the starboard rail. It was of no par-

ticular interest to me where they de-

cided to go——~the one port meant the

same'to me as another; I was only

anxious to have the matter definitely

settled, and learn my exact status on

board. Finally McCann got up, roll-

ing the chart in his hand.



“There is no use then,” he called,

“of our going further north?” \



I turned and faced them.



“Not if your port is St. John’s; the

course would be sou’,- sou’west. Is

there anything more wanted of me at

present?”



McCann turned and spoke to the

others, both answering him in low

tones.



“No,” he said stiflly. “We Will send

for you, if you are needed on deck.”



“I am expected to keep below?”



“Below, and to your stateroom. If

you attempt to converse with any of

the crew you will be locked in.”





I passed them without a word, and

clambered down the ladder to the

main deck, aware of the grinning faces

of the men at the wheel. Humiliating

as the situation was, this was no time





for resistance, or the exhibiting of a-





spirit of revolt. White crossed over to

therail and watched until'l vanished

I realized his

presence without so much as glanc-





ing up.





To my surprise the cabin was va-





cant, with no, preparations for dinner-





evident. Even the swinging table had

not been lowered, although I could





hear Dado rattling dishes in the stew- ‘

Then came,“ me,“





 





 





 





Yes, those are what I' means





We held, nor’, no:"-*





What did you do after that?” .
J5i





 





 





 





   





 

 

 

 

 

 





.. f0 M,—...sta

was eagerness 1~ to speak to'Wera, to-

explainr'to her the situation, and bring

{fisher a word of comfort. There was

now" shadow on the skylight above;

nothing to make me feel that my

movements were being observed, and,

85,1 glanced upward to gain this as-

surance, I noted the telltale compass,

and marked that the ship was already

swinging about on the new course.

This change would rivet the attention

of those on deck for a few moments,

at‘ least, and yield me opportunity. I

crossed over hastily and rapped at her

stateroom door. I felt sure there was

a movement within, but no response.

With lips close to the wood I spoke.



“Miss Vera.”



“Who is it?”



“Hollis; may I have a word?”



The key turned, and she stood fac-

ing me, her eyes filled with startled

welcome. An instant the girl gazed at

me, as though distrusting her own

sight; then suddenly extended both

hands, with a stifled cry‘.



"Why—I thought; they told me——-

oh, I am so glad!”



“They told you what?”



“Why, nothing direct. But there was

fighting last night. I——I heard the

struggle on deck, and then here in the

cabin; and when I started to leave my

room I encountered McCann, and some

of the crew. They were dragging Lea-

yord down the stairs, and his face was

all blood.” '



“You were not injured?”



“No; the big man with the red'hair

threatened me, but McCann interfer-

ed, and thrust me back into the state-

room. He told me to lock the- door,

and not to make any noise.”



“Yes, but what was it you were told

about me?”



“Nothing then; later, perhaps an

hour or two, all was quiet below when

someone tried my door. I asked who

was there, and it was Fergus McCann

who answered. I was afraid of him

and would not open the door. I told

him I was armed and Would fire if he

tried to enter. What I said made the

man angry, but after a while he went

away, yet first he said some things

about you.”



“No doubt, the cowardly cur—what

were they?" '



. . “Yourmustn’t ask—only that if I ex-

pected your help I’d wait a long while.

I—I thought they had killed you.”





“Well, they tried hard enough, but,

as you see, I am very much alive still.

They trapped me in the forecastle. Do

you know what has become of the

others?”



She shook her head.



“What I’ve told is all I know. Those

villains have control‘of the ship.”



I related the story to her swiftly,

concealing nothing. Hers was a nature

to trust at such a time, and I marked

her eyes darken, and her slight form

straighten as I proceeded. Twice she

questionedme, as though already some

vague plan of action was forming it-

self in her mind. At the last she

asked:





“That is all? You know no more?"





“No.”



“Then the others must be alive, and

on board. Surely you would have

heard if any had been killed ?”



“I believe so; they would not killif

possible to avoid it, as such a crime

would render their own case more

desperate. Then there was no need

as the surprise of the attack was com-

plete. No one had any chance to

resist.” .



“What—what are you going to do?”



“Frankly, Miss Vera, I do not know,"

I confessed. “I have had no time to

think, and my head still throbs so

from blows that I hardly realize the

situation. I cannot hope to fight these

men alone, and there can be no imme-

diate danger—they are sailing the ship

toward St. John’s; see the compass



. yonder; we head into the sou’west.”





’





boats,‘ and leave . uSaaboard?”





   





   





a; :





“You believe they will take to the





 





course.

the Indian Chief into that, or any oth-v

er harbor. They must land asship-r

wrecked seamen; tell their story, and

then quickly disappear.”



“I—I know that—but—but will they

dare to leave us afloat, to be picked up

by some vessel?”



I hesitated, but her eyes compelled

an answer.



“I do not know,” I said soberly. “It

hardly seems possible they can con-

template such an act of villainy as

the scuttling of the ship, and leaving

us on board to drown like rats. That

would be too horrid a crime for this

age. White and Liverpool might 'be

brutal enough, but surely not Fergus

McCann.”



“Why not Fergus McCann?”



“His education, his former life, the

civilization in which he has been rear-

ed; he has lived among gentlemen.”



“Gentlemen!” she echoed the word

in scorn. “His associates have been

principally gamblers and rounders. He

is notorious in New York, and his

money alone gives him entrance to

decent circles. He doesn’t know what

the word gentleman means. I fear

him more than all the others—he has

more to lose if this tale is ever told

than these poor sailors he has duped.

If there is treachery behind this, it

will be the plan of Fergus McCann.”



“You know him better than I.”



“I know of him longer; I have heard

more tales, yet surely you saw what he

was in the boat?”



“A coward, a liar—vengeful, unfor-

giving-”



“Is any act of crime beyond a char-

acter like that?” she exclaimed, look-

ing me straight in the eyes. “Will that

kind of a man leave evidence behind

him if he can avoid it? If he can in-

duce those men with him to sink this

ship there will be no evidence—they

will never dare talk, for if they do

they face a charge of murder.”



“You believe then the intention is

to scuttle the vessel?”



“Yes, I do.”



"And leave us helpless on board?”



“Yes, Mr. Hollis.”



I drew a deep breath, at this direct

verification of my own secret sus-

picion.



“So do I,” I returned in a whisper,

“although I had no thought of telling

you.” ‘



“You have some plan then?

have considered what to do?”



“No; hardly that. There will be.

two days, at least, before We shall be

close enough to the coast for them to

take to the boats. Much may happen

within that time; we may be spoken

by some other vessel, even overhauled

by a warship, and manned by a. prize

crew.”.



"You hope for this?”



“St. John’s is a naval base; the clos-

er we approach the harbor the more

apt we are 'to encounter a British

cruiser. I ’shall give them a course as

far south as I dare, but cannot venture

to deviate much, for McCann knows

enough about navigation to check my

figures.”



Her fingers grasped my sleeve.



“But, Mr. Hollis, if all these hopes

fail, and there should be no rescue, is

there not something we can do? Mhst

we remain here helpless, just waiting

for death to come?”





I took the little hands in mine ten-

derly, and, with an effort, controlled

my voice.



“Perhaps so, but we cannot be too

cautious. Our only chance is to retain

our freedom, and arouse no suspicion

that we are plotting together. It is

scarcely probable that we shall have

another opportunity to be alone; but

you will be less apt to be watched than

I. 4 Can you learn where the others

are confined, and get the word to me ?"



“Yes,” she said. “I—I think I can.”



“What is it you think you can do,

Miss Carrington ?” said'a voice quietly.‘



(Continued-next week); ’ ‘





mu





 





You





. _ , .se.irradiating-sue

They would never“ dare sail -





 





   

   

 

 

 





 





. .AMe:





   





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*mmmmMMF





 

   





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’1‘ the beginning of the war the

A farmer and the gardener re-



sponded promptly to the appeal

issued by the President, and nature

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says Secretary Houston of the Depart-

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women skilled in canning, preserving,

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the coming weeks, so long as there is

anything to can, these gatherings

would be helpful.”



In the District of Columbia, and in

many cities throughout the United

States these meetings are being held

in the school houses. In Lansing,

Michigan, women bring their own fruits

and vegetables to the meeting place

and are given help by trained demon-

strators. In some places grocers are

simply ordered to deliver the produce

at the school house or church where

the demonstration is to take place.



Few country school houses are equip-

ped with stoves and appliances for

canning, but inmany rural churches

a kitchen for suppers and “sociables”

is available for just this sort of work.

If you have no school or church equip-

ment, patriotic farm women will be

glad to give the use of their kitchen

and a demonstrator will be sent in

Michigan wherever twenty-five women

request it of the state agricultural col-

lege. If you can not rally enough to

get the demonstrator, have your own

canning “bee,” using what bulletins

you have and the directions which

have been given in the Michigan Farm-

er and your other magazines. To par-

aphrase the practice line given to as

piring stenographers, “Now is the time

for all good women to come to the aid

of the world.” I say “world” instead

of country, as we need a patriotism

broad enough to cover humanity.



If you have no bulletins write imme-

diately for “Home Canning of Fruit

and.» Vegetables,” and “Drying Fruits

and Vegetables in the Home.” In writ-

ing specify whether you wish the can-

ning bulletin for use in th enorth or

in the south.



Early in the season we were told

there was to be a shortage of glass

jars. Now we are assured that glass

companies are ready to distribute

enough containers to hold 18,000,000

quarts of fruit and vegetables. It is

estimated that enough more will be

manufactured during this canning sea-

son to hold 2,000,000 pecks of vegeta-

bles and fall fruits. Preserves, mar-

malades, jellies, any extra sweet prep-

aration, may be put up in wide-mouth-

ed bottles and sealed with paraffin.



As so much depends upon good rub—

here, be sure that yours are right. For

‘ the average pint and quart jars they

should‘be not less than one-fourth nor

more than five-sixteenths of an inch

wide, and two and one-fourth' inches

on the inside diameter.rTwelve placed





one on top of the other should measure

one inch. To test, jerk the rubber. If

it returns to the same inside diameter

it is good. Fold, and pinch firmly be-

tween thumb and finger. It should not

crack nor remain bent.



Bottle your surplus fruit juice with-

out sugar. Extract the juice as for

jelly and heat, almost to boiling. Pour

at once into sterilized bottles, cork and

seal with paraffin. This may be used

for punch, pudding sauces, etc. Or it

may be boiled to a thick syrup and

used in place of maple or sugar sy-.

rups, or converted later into jelly.



Raspberries are off the market, but

blackberries and huckleberries may

still be canned in some localities.

These are done the same as raspber-

ries, as are dewberries and blueberries.

To can these berries make your syrup

in the proportion of three parts sugar

to two of water and boil for five min-

utes. Fill the jar only to within three-

eighths of an inch ofthe top.



Make tomato paste of some of your

tomatoes. This is fine for use in soups,

sauces, and with beans and spaghetti

or macaroni. It can be put up in jars,

corked and sealed, thus saving cans.

To make, cook tomatoes and strain as

for soup. To every quart of pulp add

one slice of onion, four tablespoons of

chopped sweet red pepper or one tea-

spoon of paprika, half teaspoon of salt,

one teaspoon of sugar and one table-

spoon of mixed spices. Tie the spices

in a bag. Cook over boiling water for

three hours, or until the paste is thick

enough to hold the shape of a spoon

when tested by dipping out a spoonful.

In sealing, force the cork below the

edge of the neck of the bottle and seal

with wax or paraffin.





A DIFFERENT YOKE.





 





BY GRACIA SKULL.

A dainty design that will appeal to

women and girls who delight in cro-





 





 





 





 





 





and to two in same place. Ch 2, skip

four and tc four in next st. Ch two

and tc four. in same place. This forms

a shell. Ch two, skip (sk) two, to two

in next st of ob. Chain two and tc

two in same place. Ch two and tc one

in first st of chain. Chain seven and

turn. Form shell in shell, ch two, form

shell in shell, ch two, again form shell

in shell, ch two, to one in last to of

point, ch two and tc one in same place,

ch four, turn and repeat as for first

row on chain.



The triangle-shaped piece of linen on

which the monogram is embroidered

is evened up neatly and a narrow hem

is turned and basted firmly. It is fin-

ished around the entire edge with dou-

ble crochet.



The two lower edges are finished

with a beading made thus: Double

crochet (dc) one in end of work. Ch

two, skip two and do one in the next

st. Repeat around edge.



With needle and thread sew the up-

per edge of the triangle to the lower

edge of the upper part, employing the

overcasting stitch.



To finish the extreme lower edge

make a series of scallops thus: Insert





 





 





hook in work with thread over, fasten

firmly, dc seven st in first loop, slip

stitch (31 st) one in second loop, pro-

ceed until seven scallops have been

made, next, on the heading on triangle

make the scallops two st smaller, or,

employing only five, stitches in each

scallopk Repeat around triangle and

finish other end of upper part same as

the first or, seven do, one s1 st, etc.



To make the rose at the point of

the yoke make a chain of five stitches

and join to form a ring. Chain three,

one do in ring. Repeat until five loops

have been formed. One dc, five tr c,

1 do in each loop. Chain three, s1 st

to center between rose petals, then

one dc, seven tr 0, 1 do in loop formed

by second chain of three. Repeat un-

til five outer petals have,been made.

Join the rose to lower point of yoke

with crochet or with needle and

thread. .



The ribbon run in beading at upper

edge of yoke may be used to adjust

the yoke when garment is being worn.

A crochet drawstring with small roses

(crochet) at each end may be used in

place of the ribbon if desired and is

very attractive





"WIIlllflm|ll|||l|ll||j|l|flllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllll|lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





How You Can Help Us





commission in Washington a list

of questions designed to aid these

hard worked officials in reaching the

farm women of the United States.

Among the questions these two stand

out: ,

“What subjects do you desire to be

treated especially by this office on

women’s relation to food production,

distribution and conservation?”

“Please offer any suggestions as to

what way this office can co-operate

with you and aid us in reaching your

readers.” '

I know of no better way to get at

this information than to pass the ques-

tions up to the readers. What sub-





I HAVE just received from the food





 





A Unique Yoke for Corset Cover or‘ Gown.





chet trimming for undergarments is

a yoke that will be suitable for corset

cover, chemise or nightgown in side or

back fastening or in slip-over style.

The monogram lends daintiness to the

work. Number fifty (50), cordonnet

crochet cotton is used although finer

may be used if desired.



To make yoke begin with the long

strip across top. Work from the end

as shown in illustration. Make a

chain (ch) of twenty-six (26) stitches





(st), ch four (4) and .turn. Treble





crochet (to) eight (8) in the twenty-

sixth st, ch two (2) to two in third st

from pointformed after turn, ch) two





s,‘





jects do you desire most to be treated

during these next few weeks, when,

perhaps, the fate of the nation depends

upon the American farmer and his

family? How best can the govern-

ment at Washington and the Michigan

Farmer aid you in saving the food

which you have worked so hard to

produce?



Aside from producing, preserving

and storing is there anything else in

connection with housekeeping prob:

lems on which you would like help?

The new food commission is desper-

ately in earnest. It wants to give just

the sort of help the farm women want,





but with so many different climates,

productions, nationalities and sorts of

experience it is a difficult task to write

so as to reach everyone.



When you stop to consider that

some farm homes are presided over by

domestic science graduates who have

every labor-saving device to work with,

while other farm women have only an

elementary schooling, backed by expe-

rience, and in some cases not even a

paring knife as equipment,

wonder that some readers cry “Bosh”

to what others applaud ?’





But the department wants to help

every individual reader. It stands

ready not only to furnish articles. on

every subject regarding food you can

conjure up, but it is Willing to answer

questions as well. How can you best

be served? _



Have you tried the cold pack meth-

od of. canning? If so, what success

have you had? Does it seem to you

easier than the old way of cooking in

a kettle on the stove? 'Are your fruit

and vegetables in better

when put up this way? Or does the

old way satisfy you just as well? Are

you drying any fruit and vegetables?

Have you used any of the ways sug-

gested by the government or in this

paper? Or have you a way of your

own? If you have a method of your

own, write us about that. It may be

an improvement on the one suggested

by the government experts.



What the food commission wants,





and what the editor of this department

yearns for, is to hear from readers





who are f‘at the front” “in the food -

"campaign. We have no end of theories.





You have the practice. "How do the





theories work out?



It seems an imposition to ask a busy

farm women to stop just now and write

to the paper. But take five minutes

off and tell us your needs and your ex-

periences. It will help us, and we

may be able to help ”you in a finite en-

lightened manner. .



a . j .; . . . _ _Dnnom.ia





 





 





is it any ‘





condition- .
‘AGIIICIJT'I‘IIIAI. LIME snail sass:





' hind on request. Northern Line 00.. Pete-key. Mich





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





11.. Grand Wineroft

‘0 IIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





ll.





Distinctively a woman’s Ran e. -

Among its many features is e

Dee End Hearth, Detachable

Conflict Reservoir, and class1c

High Closet. Your dealer will

gladly show you these and many





other labor savin and economical

devices of The “ rand Wincroft”

and other





[/1270]?

7&1;qu





MARK





   





 





SHOP





Designed and built for women

who spend no small part of every

day in the actual use of a kitchen

range.





Wincroft Stove Works

Middletown, Pa.





W. D. SAGER

330 E. North Water





Western Agent

Chicago, Ill.





 





 





A ' '

- utomobile

W " ° '

armng



Hardly a day passes but what

some farmer or business man driv-

ing to the city of Detroit leaves his

car upon the public streets and it

is stolen.



Recently an automobile owner

from Dimondale, one from Tuscola

County, Holly, Port Huron, and Gen-

essee County have lost valuable

cars on the streets of Detroit. Con-

ditions are such that it is extremely

careless to leave an automobile up-

on the public streets of any large

city. Locks will not protect and it

costs but little to put them in a

garage. '



Many accidents occur by driving

against blinding lights, in ‘a fog, ‘or

cloud of dust. Stop at once when

you cannot see ahead, always sig-

naling for any car which may be

coming behind.





 





 





 





 





Buckeye State Dryer and Canner





 





Dryer only, 17:25, Parcel Post Paid $3 50

Combination Dryer‘and Conner - $‘l.50 Up

Illustrated circular gives rinse and desert tion of

vsnoussizedryerstoomb nation outfits. rite for

it. Agents wanted. McClure Stove 00.. Wooster, 0,

L I M E send will}? on; full particu-

r co co 0 .

nearer y u





on. W

SHORE STONE COMPANY.

lantern. Mich.I and South Haven. Mich





 





£Il'°"vi°ilt‘?°"i°5vi°i>iii%li§

I. l’ 0!‘

DIRECT TO YOU and we will





 





Limestone. also pulverized burned lme.all made from

high calcium 1 raccoons. srantee be e best on

the market. our inquiries solicited. Bsmples turn-





 





Ssmi us





1:37: BABL E Y Sari-pl»





 

   

 





 





 





ran e."

Mum





Our Mottoz—Y‘The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved".





 





«to the organization of new Clubs to





\s





mmmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|

Address all communications relative





Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell. Mich.





 





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





‘ Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.

Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.

iLecturer——Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

0 ng. ~ ,



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward. Bronson.



Executive Committee—Jae. Helms,

Adrian; Geo B. Horton, Fruit Ridge;

J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W. F. Tay-

lor, Shelby; Wm. H. Welsh, Sault Ste

Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimondale; Burr

Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





THE CITY AND THE‘FARM JOIN

HANDS.





 





Several hundred persons gathered

at the home oer. and Mrs. F. H.

Crawford, near Mt. Pleasant, for a

royal dinner, jolly good time and a

rousing program, all planned and can

ried out by the farmers. This gather-

ing was the outcome of a dinner and

good time furnished by the business

men of the city to the farmers last

winter.



The return dinner and the welcome

were of the type you can only find

when the farmers were bound to out-

do the other fellow, and to say they

did it is putting it mildly. The dinner





A NEIGHBORHOOD CHURCH CLUB.





In January, 1917, the farmers of the

Grace Church neighborhood in Eaton

county, under the leadership of the

pastor, Rev. C. W. Corman, met and

formed an organization known as the

Community Club, at the Grace church.

The purpose of this organization is to

create the feeling of brotherhood

among its members, the social uplift

of the neighborhood, and the better-

ment of the entire community. Its

meetings are held the second Tuesday

of each month. During the winter and

spring speakers from the Michigan

Agricultural College, Charlotte and

other places, have given interesting

and instructive talks.



Organize Live Stock and Produce



Shippers' Association.



In June the Club voted to form a co-

operative live stock and produce ship-

pers’ association. The following were

elected as directors: Frank Abel, Lee

Winn, Earl Norton, Silas Philipps, Wm.

Plastridge, Rolla Strickling and Chas.

Fry. The board of directors met and

elected Earl Norton as president of





 





 





consisted of a dozen things found on

the city banquet table, to which was

added the touch of the farm in chick-

en pies, mashed potatoes, all sorts of

pies and cakes, yellow cr'éam and

home-made ice cream. The speeches,

from the welcome to a masterly ad-

dress by Hon. J. C. Ketcham, master

of the State Grange, were equal to the

occasion and full of the spirit of the

times.



“These two events have done more

to establish the spirit of good fellow-

ship between the farmer and city man

than any dozen efforts hitherto at-

tempted," was the comment of an ob«

serving individual. To establish a real

friendship work must be done for each

other, often we find the city

something for the farmer, but when

we find the latter reciprocating there

is a real bond between them—a rela-

tionship that will mean something to

the community in the future for our

strength lies in our pulling together.



The people from the city for days

before the event, wondered Whether

the farmers would be equal to the task

but the latter demonstrated that in

planning, co—operaing and executing

they are second to none. Half of our

criticism of the other fellow is due to

the fact that we don’t know him, we

can not establish cooperation until the

farmer and the city man get to know

each other, not only in the store, but

on the farm, in the church and in_ a

social way. The. farmers of Isabella

county have set a worthy example,

have done something that they may

well be proud of, and given an event

that will long be remembered by all

concerned.





 





insomniac» sun co. 0mm. men.





 





MmN A. Conn.





 





Good Fellowship Between Urban and Rural Folks was Stimulated Here.





doing,





 





the board, adopted a set of by-laws,

and appointed Rolla Strickling as the

secretary and Herbert Jackson as the

manager of the association. I believe

the Club adOpted the by-laws, not the

board. The association expects to be

inshape to begin shipping very soon





‘!





, __ mummulmlilmmimMnng '- ‘ I

E , . ' - .a.‘

g Farmers’ C In bs





 

   

 





 

   

   





”YOUR,





HARVEST PRflFIIS





What Will They

Earn For You?





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





By banking by mail with

one of the oldest banks in

Indiana you can get 4 per

cent on savings desposits.





4%





INTEREST a n (1

ll ABSOLUTE SAFETY





Send check or money order

to cover deposit and we will

send bank book by return

mail, or write for further

information.





!' Organized 1838

N ationalized 1870





The South Bend

. National Bank





South Bend, Ind.





 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 

 

 





"3500 Mile Guarantee





Manufacturers of high—

crade Tires sell us their

surplus stock or over-

production for spot cash.



These Tires actually

firsts. are sol as biom-

ished, at a REDUCTIO

OF ‘°%' Guaranteed

l-Skld Tubes





     





. $8.25 $2.35

. 8.60 2.30

.. 9.95 2.75

.. 11.10 2.85

.. 11.60 2.90

.. 12.95 300

12.15 13.35 8.55

14.7.. 16.60 3.70

1515 161"?) 3.80



15.7.) 17.20 3.90 ,

4 16.10 17.55 4 (0

» 17.10 18.60 4.50

' 17.20 18.65 4.30

~ . 21.65 23.65 4.90

35x43~§ 22.70 24.70 510

"Ifixi‘vj 23.05 25.15 5.15

37x4” 23.95 26.10 5.35

15x5 , 24.“) 27.25 6.05

x5 27.10 29. 60 6.65

37x5 26.40 28.85 6.25





Ex...‘ - Thousandsrof our satin.

P” me, who. fled customers are get-





3% Discount for fin '

g from 4000 in 6000 miles

Cosh with Order service-why not you?

We ship C. 0. D. subject. to inspection. “’hen

ordering state if Clincher, Q. r S. S. are

desired.





 





from Eaton Rapids, and all farmers

who use Eaton Rapids as a shipping

point, are urged to join the association

and are also cordially invited to at-

tend the meetings of: the Community

Club—Irene H. Norton, Cor. See.





I





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





“Cutting Corners in Housework,"

was discussed by Mrs. Ralph Carr at

a recent meeting of Conway-Handy

Farmers’ Club. She thoughbthat con-

veniences in the kitchen were a great

help in cutting' corners. System in

housework is one great help, but too

much makes work mechanical. House-

wives should forbid themselves doing

unnecessary work. There should be

a correct balance between work and

recreation. Keeping cool is a great

help in all work. Push hurry and wor-

ry out of the door. Systematize house-

work. Use labor-saving devices. Do

not keep fire unnecessarily. Use oil

stoves to avoid over-heating. Put the

mind one one day’s schedule of work

and cut down the tasks where possible.

Use shade when work can be done

there. Try to do only one day’s work

in a day. Keep happy and healthy and

the problem is solved. Make home a

place of peace and rest. The topic

was also discussed by Mrs. Snyder;

She thought there were many short

cuts. People should live, and can live,

with less fuss. Young mothers with

several in the family should save in

the washing where there is a possible

chance. They should have conven-

iences in the kitchen. An elevator is.

helpful in saving steps.





Philadelphia Motor Tire Co.,





240 N. Broad Street. PHILADELPHIA, PA.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   





 





 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 





 

 





With this Simplex Dltoher-Terroeer

Works in any soil. clay or gumbo. Digs V-shspeu

ditch down to 4 ft. Practically all steel. Reversi-

ble. Equal to 100 men. Pays for itself ins day.





Ditches. Terraces,





 

 





‘OI‘I' on i Builds Levees.

l 0 Dayo' {2

Roads. Beck Fills.





‘l'riai



. . Cleans out old

ditches at low cost. l

Slmplufarm-nlichu

00., Inc.. Box 83

Olsusbom. I1. '





 





 





1882—- Aooredited In classes A, I and 0—1911

OFFERS COURSES FOR: )

Kindergartners Elementary School Teachers

Domestic Science Teachers Public School Drawing’l‘eschen

Domestic Art Teachers Public School Music Teachers

Experienced Teschers Review of Common Branches

0 Rural and Graded School Teachers



Fall Term Opens September 1 1, 191 7

Send for Cot-log L | Eliza A. linker, Pros

Alabama tTwent -th rd Sis. Indiana ii Ind





 

 





.





   





 





New Racine trainuepsrstor 28 x 48 with



For. sale wind stacker ah ger. Will sell cheap.



machine is nearlv new. Does sp endid work. You can-



not appreciate this bargain until you come and get

prices and see machine. Address. .

LAMASON BROS" Harbor Springs. Mich.





 





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.
'u’cce‘s





W E do not say that a good home





dairy will not produce as fine



a quality of butter as a cream-

ery. If one has the means of properly

regulating temperature, if he will be

methodical regarding all the little

things that must be done anddone

accurately in order to turn out a per-

fectly good product, he ought to make

even better butter at home than is

made at the creamery; But few peo-

ple are situated to do this, and in

many cases it would not pay to do it

even if one were prepared.



The co-operative creamery manufac-

tures butter for the community, and

requires no thought, no labor, on the

part of the patron after his cream has

been satisfaCtorily delivered at the

plant.



The first requisite of a successful

creamery is cream. Our little cream-

ery made nearly twenty-six thousand

pounds of butter in May last, and it

cost only a few dollars more than it

would have cost had we made only

half that amount. It costs practically

two and a half cents a pound to make

the butter on an average. In May it

cost considerably less than that, while

in the winter when the patronage is

lighter it costs more.



Little Plants Not Economical.



The little plant that receives only

cream enough to make five or six

thousand pounds a month can not

make butter economically, and so can

not return its patrons as much per

pound for their fats. Where two or

three people in the same little town

are buying cream, and someone is try-

ing to run a local creamery, you may

take it from me every time, that the

farmers who sell cream in that town,

are getting poor prices for their pro-

duct.



The dealers are not making too

large profits, perhaps they are forced

to perform the service for nearly noth-

ing. The creamery is making little or

nothing out of it, because not cream

enough can be had to permit of eco-

nomical manufacture. So this is the

situation. The dealers make little, the

creamery is making next to nothing

and the farmers are getting from two

to four or five cents per pound less

than they should for their butter—fat.

What is the trouble? It is just this:

Those farmers do not act together. If

the local creamery got all the cream,

it might run much more economically.

Thus it could pay more for cream, and

this would encourage 'the patrons to

take better care of it, and so produce

a better product. Better cream would

mean better butter, and better butter

would.bring a higher price, and that

would result in still better prices for

cream.



Good Cream Essential.



Next to quantity, the most import-

ant thing affecting the success of a co-

operative creamery is the quality of

the cream or milk out of which the

butter is to be made.



When the hand separator first ap-

peared in the dairy field creamery

men were worried. I mean local

creamerymen. The centralizer saw in

it his opportunity. Or speaking more

correctly, the hand separator made

the centralized creamery possible, and

we must admit, in some cases, well

nigh indispensable. For there are 10-

calities producing a considerable quan-

tity of cream where a local creamery

is as yet not practical.



To the conscientious butter maker

who is trying to make a high quality

of butter the hand separator is still a

matter of anxiety.



Our creamery has just contracted

with the United States government to





furnish fifty-five thousand pounds of-





butter. The price is good, but no bet-





' 1 ter than it ought to be when the con-

.‘dftions are considered. The butter

,must bemade during the hot weather





and every can of cream must come to

the creamery sweet. A government,

inspector will be on the ground 'all the

time to look after the making of the

butter as well as the condition in

which the cream arrives. Our cream-

ery has always made a high quality of

butter, else it could not have secured

this contract. But all our cream has

not been delivered sweet. Nor can we

truthfully say that all of it has been

good cream. But it has, been good

enough to bring a good price in the

market, and to compare with other

butter in a way to make us proud of

our neighbors. ,



Good Business Stimulates Interest.



Still we might have done better. If

all our cream were as good as a part

of it, we might get a still better mar-

ket for our butter, sell it even easier

than now it is sold, and each patron

might share in an increased price.



It is interesting to see the enthu-

siasm over this new contract. It is in-

spiring to see how large a number of

our people are not afraid of the re-

quirement to deliver sweet cream.



We imagine that the necessity of

marketing a much superior article in

order to get that three and a half

cents above New York Extras will re-

sult in the production of better stock

after the contract has expired.



We realize that we must earn this

extra price. The government is giv-

ing us no graft. Our butter must be

worth the price or we can not sell it

to Uncle Sam. But it is better to in-

vest our energy, our interest and our

thought in making a good product than

to simply slide along with no ideal,

and With no purpose except to milk

cows and sell cream and live as easily

as we can while we are doing it, tak-

ing neither delight nor interest in our

work, but looking ever for our recrea‘

tion and our happiness away from our

business on the farm.



Where people do not deliver the

cream at the creamery, but allow the

cream hauler to take it from the home,

they get rid of some labor, but often

the cream suffers in transit.





The cream hauler can not help it;





he is forced to drive long distances to

secure his load. He is not to blame

because two or three more men are

driving over different portions of his

route in search of cream. The patrons

should have organized and looked af-

ter that matter, but they were too

busy.



If cream haulers are to deliver the

cream to local creameries the routes

can be easily regulated, providing all

send to-the creamery. But while one

sends to the creamery, another to

some centralized plant, and yet anoth-

er to some other market, and the next

one sends his cream now to one place

and then to another, it is pretty hard

to lay out the routes in a way to get

sufficient service.



With plenty of cream of good qual-

ity, any local creamery should prosper

and render Splendid service to the

community, providing the butter-mak-

er is competent to do his part, and the

business manager is right.



To secure these results—plenty of

cream, of good quality, a buttermaker

who knows his business and will do

his best, and management that is of

a high order, requires first interest in

the creamery on the part of the pa-

trons. There is always a certain

amount of really good cream delivered

at a local creamery. This cream comes

from patrons who are interested'in the

business. Interest has led to a knowl-

edge of conditions requisite to the pro-





duction of a good article and a willing-p





ness to do the right thing at the right

time.



On the- contrary, the poorest cream

usually comes from farms where but





By W F. TAYLOR





little -is produced, and \the interest. is

very low. There is so little- of 'the

cream that it does not amount to

much, there is more work indoors and

out than is likely to get done, and if

the creamery does not want theoream

the man downtown will buy it any-

way, so what’s the use in taking any

special pains to keep it sweet? This

is the way the question is settled in

many homes. 0f courSe, the people

who market this inferior cream do not

know much about caring for it, not

because they are mentally deficient,

nor yet ignorant in a general way. but

simply because having no interest in

the cream except to sell it with the

least possible labor, they have not

tried to find out how to take care

of it. .

Why Co-operative Creameries.



The co- -operative creamery has one

decided advantage over the best pos-

sible creamery, run by private capital,





and that is the consciousness of part ‘





ownership in the plant. So long as

this consciousness is felt it will do

much to induce the patrons to do their

best to produce a good article.



Co-operate, is the one word which

means more and more as we get ad-

ded experience in doing things to-

gether.



It is the lack of true co-operation

that wrecks so many efforts of this

kind. Some of the people who talk

loudest" and longest about co-operation

are the first to “peter out”~' when really

put to the test.



The failure of so many so-called co.

operative creameries in the past, has

not been the failure of co-operation,

but has resulted because of the lack

of it.



The one object Of a co-operative



creamery should be to make butter

economically and sell it wisely and

advantageously.

‘ The profits resulting from it should

not be on account of any investment

of money, but on liberal amounts of

good cream, delivered by those who

own the plant,

cream is manufactured and sold.



Everyone should be in the venture





rfor profit, but not on the capital in





vested. All should understand that

profits Will be realized in proportion

to their loyalty to those with whom

they-are , associated—a loyalty which

finds expression in the largest amount

of good cream they can furnish, in

good words for the creamery every-

where, in confidence in those who have

been chosen officers, and in the best

possible understanding with the but-

termaker.

Confidence in the Business.



Co-operation is the word. A lack of

confidence in each other, is often the

rock on which efforts at co-operation

go to pieces. Suspicion must be guard-

ed against at every turn, and in every

possible way if any co-operative ven-

ture is to succeed. .



Publicity is oftenest the cure» for

suspicion. Our creamery has handled

a hundred tons of gluten meal within

the last year. Every patrons knows,

or may know, what has been charged

for handling this meal. The writer

has delivered and sold a larger

amount within that time, of grain of

other kinds, and it has always been his

practice to, say just what he has charg-

ed for handling this grain.



The only way in which a company

of people on the farm, or anywhere

else can get along together, is by'hav~

ing no secrets pertaining to business

in which all-are concerned.



The matter of the test of cream

causes more suspicionthanany other

thing connected with a-‘cr‘eamery, and

this might be avoided ‘in large meas-

ure by a little more effort at publicity.



Were ,I a buttermaker, and Vdid_,,I_





 





and for whom this





7 know that anyone suspected that I had





not tested his cream accurately, I





would not.rest until .I had tested a. .





sample in his presence, providing he





could be induced to come to the cream-





ery and see it done.



Personally, I very seldom question

the test of my cream, even in thought.

I know our buttermaker . is just as

honest as I am, and lwhile mistakes

are possible, they are. not likelyrto'oe

cur in testing. The one ~thing I do

want to know is, that the ereani has

been. preperly stirred before the sam-

ple was taken out, For otherwise, a.

correct sample can not be gotten.



‘ If patrons of local creameries would

but keep close enough to the butter- ~

'makers there would be little trouble

over the test. Not only would they

have more confidence in the butter-

maker, but he would be able to tell the

patrons many things about the causes

of variations in the test which would

tend to lessen their suspicions in a

large degree.



Then, too, there is always the op~

portunity to suggest ways of caring

for cream with the least labor, and for

getting it to the creamery in the best

condition.



One decided advantage in farmers

delivering their own cream. is, that





they get to the creamery often, and ,





so come in contact with the manage-

ment much more directly.



In cases where it is not possible for

patrons to deliver their own cream,

they should meet together three or

four times each year, in order to pro-

mote the spirit of true co-operation.

Not simply sustaain a principle, but

because co-operation pays. By thus

coming together, differences will .be

ironed out, much practical knowledge

will be gained, interest will be in-

creased, and mutual confidence will be

strengthened.



All this will lead inevitably to larg-

er patronage, a better product, and a.

more satisfactory price.



At these meetings, the breeding of

better cows, the cow-testing associa-

tion, and other matters of dairy pro-

gress may be considered, and it will

not be long before some of them will

materialize in the community thus or-

ganized.



In closing, permit me to say that I

believe every community in which

cows enough are kept to produce one

hundred and fifty thousand pounds of

butter in a year should build a coop-

erative creamery. Nobody should go

into the enterprise to make money out

of the creamery directly. Itshould be

purely co-operative. The object should

be to manufacture and sell butter at

the least possible cost to the producer.

Enough should be put aside to pay in-

terest on the cost of the plant, to run

the business,»and provide for depre-

ciation, and the rest should go to the

patrons on the basis of the amount of

butter-fat delivered.



This idea is constantly gaining

ground. A number 'of such creameries

are being built each year, and very

few of them fail now because those

who are members of these companies

are co-operating in a truer sense than

formerly. ,



But much poor butter is still being

made, owing to conditions that might

'be cured by just a little more co-op-

eration. 3 _



Better cream would mean better but-

ter, better butter would bring better

prices, and all around it would. pay.





A short time ago 0. B. Drake, of

Westfleld, 111., marketed in Chicago a

carload of yearii steers which tip-

ped the scales at 9 8 pounds for $13. 60

per 100 pounds. These steers were

cattle of his own breeding and fatten- .

ing and of the Hereford breed.

Drake had planned on a later market

ing after they Would be good and heav-

ier, but as they Were not do as 'well

in the feed lot as they shoul he (16+

cided to. marketvth unset onoe." ' “‘~
.





   





, g , i . a? ‘\._ S. _, .

i The following suggestions wm- be

helpful in showing readers ways of





keeping different perishable products

in condition for winter consumption:





Food Preserved by Outdoor Storage

Cellars.



Outdoor storage cellars or caves are

excellent for the storage 'of many late

vegetables. Vegetables can be more

conveniently placed in such a cellar

than in the storage room in the base-

menteof‘ a dwelling.



The proper type and construction of

such cellars vary with the geographi-

cal location. In northern sections, out-

door cellars are made almost entirely

below the ground and covered with

sufficient earth supplemented by straw,

manure, etc., to prevent freezing.





Save Late Vegetables by Basement

Storage.



A cool. well-ventilated cellar under

the dwelling offers good conditions for

the storage of late vegetables. In cel-

lars that are too warm on account of

containing a furnace for heating the

dwelling, a room may be partitioned

off, either in one corner or at one end

of the cellar where the temperature

may be controlled by means of outside

windows.



Barrels, crates, boxes or bins may

be used as containers for the various

vegetables, but movable containers

are preferable to built-in bins, as it is

possible to remove them for cleaning.

It is advisable to construct shelves or

a slat floor to keep the crates, boxes,

baskets, and other containers off the

ground. This is highly desirable to

insure a free circulation of air and to

prevent the containers from harboring

mice, rats and vermin. Shelves for

canned goods along one side of the

room need not be more than six inch-

es wide.



Pars’nips All Winter.



Parsnips may be allowed to remain

in the ground and dug as needed, as

freezing does not injure them.



As it is a difficult matter to dig

them when the ground is frozen, it is

advisable to store a small quantity in

the storage room in the basement of

the dwelling or in the outdoor storage

cellar for use during the winter peri«





~ods when the ground is frozen.





Fresh Beets in Winter.



The beets should be placed in venti-

lated barrels, loose boxes, or, better

still, in crates. They should be pulled

and the tops cut off when the soil is

dry. If sufficient space is available in

the cellar, it is a good plan simply to

place them in small piles along the

wall. Storage in large piles should be

avoided, as it is liable to cause heat.

ing and decay.



Late Beets Can be Pitted.



Select a well-drained location, make

a shallow excavation about six inches

deep, line it with straw, hay, leaves,

or similar material, and place the

beets in a conical pile on the lining.

Make the bottom of the pile about the

same size as, but not larger than, the

bottom of the excavation.



Cover the beets with the same ma-

terial as that used for lining the bot-

tom of the pit and carry it up several

inches above the apex of the pile of

vegetables, having it extend through

the dirt covering. This serves as a

ventilating flue, and it should be cov-

ered with a piece of tin or a short

board as a protection from rain.



The dirt covering should be two or

three inches thick when the vegeta-

bles are stored, and it should be in-

creased as severely cold weather ap-

proaches until it is a foot or more in

thickness, or'suflicient to protect from

freezing. ‘ In finishing the pit, the dirt

should be firmed with the back of the

shovelvin order to make it as nearly

waterproof. as Possible.



The .shallowjtrench around the base





'of .the- pit. should have an outlet for

- carrying'_ on. the water. Supplement





   





» us. Products '

the dirt covering with clover chaff,

manure, straw, corn fodder, or other

protective material. Use several small

pits instead of one large one, as veg-

etables keep better in small pits, and

the entire contents may be removed

when the pit is opened.

Lay in Supply of Winter Onions.



A dry, well-ventilated place, such as

an attic, furnishes a good storage

place for onions in Winter, as slight

freezing does not injure them, provid-

ed they are not handled while frozen.



To keep well, onions must be ma—

ture and.thoroughly dry. Put them

in ventilated barrels, baskets, crates,

or loosely woven bags, as good venti-

lation is essential to the keeping of

onions.





/





 





NEW LAW MARKS DOWN PRICE

OF SMUTTED WHEAT.





Smutty Wheat, or any of the grain

showing signs, of this disease, will, in

the future‘, be marked down fifteen

cents per bushel, according to a letter

which James N. McBride, state direc-

tor of markets has received from

Henry H. Goeman, one of America’s

leading grain dealers.



Mr. Goeman, referring to the grain

standards act, now on the statute

books, said: “The United States grain

inspectors are licensed by the federal

government and must grade the grain

as the law requires.

found the wheat is graded lower than

it would be if it was clean, and the

grower gets fifteen cents less per

bushel.



“This positive loss suffered by the

farmer Who raises smutty wheat

should be an incentive to him to plant

clean grain. No grower can afford to

sow untreated wheat'this fall.”



For the control of smut, according-

ly, the Michigan Agricultural College

is recommending the following treat-

ment:



“Use formaldehyde at the rate of

one pint (cost about twenty-five cents)

to fifty bushels of grain. Put the

fresh formaldehyde just as it comes

from the druggist, into a pint or quart

hand-sprayer (cost seventy-five cents)

and spray the grain which has been

spread out on the barn floor. Spray

the grain as it is shoveled over and

over. Keep the sprayer close to the

grain and the penetrating odor of for-

maldehyde will give no discomfort.



“When the right amount of formal-

‘dehyde has been applied shovel the

grain into a heap and cover‘for exactly

four hours With canvas or blankets.

Sprinkle the seed box of the grain

drill also.



“The grain should then be spread

out for a few hours’ airing. It may

be sown at once or stored in clean or

disinfected sacks."





 





Manistique, in the upper peninsula,

will open a city market August 24 and

business men are offering prizes to

farmers as an inducement to bring in

their produce. Market day only once

a week is being planned there.



Manuel Sylva, of Pierre, South Da-

kota, accompanied a shipment of three

carloads of range cattle to the Chicago

market a short time ago, and he sold

50 head of steers which averaged 1094

pounds for $9, and 20 head of cows

which averaged 932 pounds for $7. He

said the country was greatly in need

of rain, although thus far crops re-

main uninjured. Most of the wheat

and oats have been harvested and

show good yields. He reported corn

as doing well, with a very large

acreage. Grass is generally good, but

there are some districts Where rain is

much needed, and in such localities

cattle are plentiful, with many going

to market.



A stabilizer invented by a Califor-

nian has been purchased by theUnited

States government and is to be used

on airships. It is. claimed that the de-

vice will maintain tne equilibrium of

aeroplanes while in flight-without the

aid of a pilot. . . '





Where smut is





 





 





 





4 '“APerfectTrench at One Cut"





UCKEY





Traction Ditcher





At Your State. Fair





It’s a marvelous machine.





If you have wet

quickly and cheaply.

time or full time--contract

$10 to $20 a day clean money.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 





 





Kansas,





. 5’ _.>

'\‘_ ' a





 

 





   





 





out," true to grade and ready for tiling. 100 rods to 150 rods a





day with a “Buckeye” is not uncommon.‘



land, the Buckeye Traction Ditcher will drain it

If you are looking for a profitable business-~spare

ditching with a “Buckeye" will net you





THE BUCKEYE TRACTION DITCHER will be

demonstrated at the following State fairs:

Ohio, Columbus. . . .~. . .





Iowa. Dee Moinee, . . . . .

Indiana, Indian-polio. .

Minneooto,

Wisconsin, Milwe . .

Topeka........... ......... Sept.10t015

Michigan. Detroit. .. . . . . ... . . .Aug. 31 to Sept. 9





 

 





' wealth by reclaiming thousands of

Write for our bulletin. "Dollars in





a: The Buckeye Traction Ditcher

. V 3618 cmui Ave.





Makes “a perfect trench at one





..Aug. 271081

.Aug. 22h3l

...Sept.3t07

.....Sept.3t08

.. Sept. 10 to 15





 

 

 

 





 





.

aniline... .

eo.........





Canadian Notional

ExhibitionToronto.

Ont. Aug. 25 to

Sept. 10.

. Competent rep-

resentatives will

demonstrate the

machine an ex.

plain it fully.



The Buckeye is

adding to National and individual





 

 

 

 

   





productive acres annually. Can it

help you?





Ditches"-oor gel u of the fair.





Findlay, Ohio





 





 





 





We Buy





Winter Vetch. Alsike and Red Clover.

Michigan Alfalfa. Rosen Rye. Red Rock

Wheat. Winter Barley. Spurry, Rape seed.

Garden Beans. Sweet Corn.





We Sell





Seasonable seeds — Turnips. Ruta Basra—

Flowering Bulbs for fall planting, Tulips,

Hyacinths. Narcissus. Lilies, etc— Mich-

igan and Dakota Alfalfa. Sweet Clover,

Timothy. Clovers. Dwarf Essex Rape. Ped-

igreed varieties of Winter Wheat and Ros-

eii Rye. Ask for Fall price list mailed free,





5. M. lSBELL a co.





Box' A, Jackson, Mich.





 





 





SEED WHEAT i-“RL‘E'E





Valuable information about New and Tested Varieties—

Kharkov—Harvest Queen—Fultz etc—Timothy. Alfalfa,

Clover and-.all field and grasss s. Gives valuable plant-

ing instructions. Describes heaviest producing_varieties—

how best cropsare grown. Givesmoney-makmgideas about

fall planting. Read it before you buy. llo ebone.Writotolo1.

AMERICAN MUTUAL SEED 60., Dept. "31 Clam





 





CLOVER SEED





sun) us SAMPLES FOR OUR nine-

YOUNG-RANDOLPF SEED co.. Owoooo. lawn.





 





88.00 per bushel. Good urity and germination but dark

color. Better grades





samples and prices.





FOR SALE- RosenByeJrfiipectoéi





and lafi’proved by Professor Spragg of t e A. .

ORA . doCRANE. Eaton Rapids. Michigan. Mem-

bero Michigan Crop Improvement Association.

8 E N D

P





WE WANT VETCH. gm LE3





Henry Field, Shenandoah. Iowa.





 





 





 





lhi Guarani" lime and Fertilizer Spriidor





Write today for

~. beauttfull illustrated

literature, entitled

' What [will she do in

the Field, that's the

Question."





Impossible to

butld a

better

Spreader





 

 





 





W9 said so in 1905 and now 40.000 satisfied customers

throughout the United States and Canada say so

again. that the Guarantee Spreader stands without on

equal for durability, simplicity and practicability, in

spreading lime in any form. Ground Limestone orcom-

mercial fertilizer and etc. If you are looking for a good.

big. stron , durable lime and fertilizer opreaderthnt

contains a l of the latest patented features and is sold

under a five-year guarantee. write us today. Our enor-

mous putput enables us to give you the best lime and

fertilizer spender that inventive genius can produce at

an exceedingly low price.





GUARANTEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Department B. 76, - Baltimore, Maryland





Use Yourm

maringYourfeed





Hoke Vour

Ferd Into o

Goo lnglno

II 'Hloou

Seconds.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 





Sovo OI so

Io .200 on

One Englno

Power For

Your Form.





MR. .FARMER FORD OWNER._ Here’s

gas engine power for your farm—reliable as

your good Ford engine, portable as your Ford

as. Gnuontoodto r n 8!: ino pogo . Afr

heheo to front of ”3:353 e “$1.1 3'. :If‘iock, miter bolt:



n into any manner wi your





 





 

   

 

 





ocrewo.

Ford for touring. More con3eniont to use and move around

no o no. Botailo for only 822.60. than one-sixth

e cost of horse power portable goo ongine.Write notodoy

l. 1’. mm. Co., 231mm St, PorkoreblrgJowo





Got the loot.





. Sold on

'0 SW ”Mr“

Quorontoo





 

 

   





 





YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO.. OWOIUO. Mich.

[{0an Eye. The new variet of

FOR SALE which hascyielded ashigh 1536,1310.





per acre. Write for prices. W. Fuller. Farwoll. Mich





FOR SALE Winter Barley $2.00 per bu. .20.

B. sacks 25cm. extra.

W. H. KNICKERBOOKER. East Lansing. Mich":





Standard kinds. lied Wave. Red

seed Wheat. Champion etc. Rosenltye. heavy





yielders samples. Prices. 'l‘rank Bartlett. Dryden, Mich.





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale





60 Acre Farm $1200

With 2 Acres Com, Acre Potatoes





Boy. 3 cows, young horse. flock hens, buggy. harness.

cream separator. all included by owner who wants to

make immediate move to larger farm. 6—room house

with telephone. Two barns. silo spring water. Only

one mile to village. 50 apple and pear trees 300 sugar

maples. Estimated 400 cords birch and [maple and 20,

000 ft. hemlock. 81200 takes everything. Easy terms

arranged. For traveling instructions see 9880 8 of

Strout‘s Summer Catalogue of 400 bargains in a doze



states. Write to-day for your free cop . E. A.STBOU



FARM AGENY. Dept. 101, 150 Nassau t.. New York. N.Y.





Gladwin county Farm lands





1 have 200 acres of. good unimproved lands in Glad

wm Count Mich. in 40 and 80 acre tracts well located

that I we] sell at $15 per acre. $3 per acre down.

er acre each year until paid for with interest at 6’.

have some sperm] bar ains at this time on improved





 





 





 





 





 





farms. U. G. BEYNO DS, Gladwin. Michigan.

in California will make you more

A Sir a“ Fm mone with less work. You will livo





longer and better. Delig tful climate. Rich soil. Low

prices. Easy terms. Sure profits. Hospitable neigh-

bors. Good roads, Schools and churches. Writeforoul'

San Joaquin Valley Illustrated foldoro free. 0. L.



graves. Ind. Comm. , AT A: SF 332. 1967 By. ELOhioogo





Stock Farm for sale or exchange. 262 Acres adjoining

the village of Evart,Michigan. lfiOunder cultivation.

Two Springs. Trout stream crosses the farm.

buildings. What have you to offer.

man. 1331 Majestic Building, Detroit. Mich.





 





arried man, small family. wisheo to rent for cool:

or on shares, farm for a term of years. Will keep

stock. Have had several years experience man u.

sy-to-date farms. George Q. Eby. South Hoven. oh.

7 at a bargain by ,owner.

525.5%.‘25 Ma if" we i?“

. n or . ne c '.

cash. Salon time. 17 mi. frofne on rape r M





 





 





car service. A. G. BBAOE, Birminch‘in.





Fred 0. Zimmer-





 





ALFALFA SEED ill





or more money. Write for fro. 3





Red Rock Wheat and 1





Detroit. 15 in o . ”V
.

i



,9.



; yr



;. -



v _‘..

i .-

I i. '.





;};( ,1"





‘oat chop $61 per ton.





Minimum"mmhiminuMmiiiiiimmmmmminm .

Markets.

llllllllllllllfllllllllll|IIlllIIlIIlllIlIlIlIllllllllllllllfllllllillllllllllllll 1.



GRAINS AND seeps.





August 21, 1917.



Wheat—Comparatively little atten-

tion is being given the wheat trade by

dealers these days owing to the un-

certainty of the position the govern-

ment will take in the market. Conse-

quently trading has been largely With

those who are in immediate need of

the grain. The flour situation is not

helping the market just now because

users of flour are merely buying to

supply their wants from day to day.

Dealers have reduced their supplies

and when they and the bakers begin

buying flour this fall the demand is

likely to overtax the capacity of the

mills to get it out on time. Threshing

in the winter wheat belt is progress-

ing favorably. Farmers are planning

on sowing a large acreage this fall.

One year ago the price paid here for

No. 2 red wheat was $15434 per bu.

Last week’s Detroit quotations were:





 





 





 





No. 2 .No. 1



Red. White. Sept.

Wednesday . . . ..2.20 2.15 2.03

Thursday . . . .2.18 2.13 2.03

Friday

Saturday . . . . . . .2.15 2.10 2.05

Monday . . . . .. 2.15 2.10 2.05

Tuesday . . . . . .. .2.15 2.10 2.05



Chicago—September wheat $2.10 a



busheL





Corn.—Weather conditions are bring—

ing the corn crop along rapidly and

hopes of escaping frost are growing

stronger as the season advances. This

has encouraged a downward course of

prices and holders of the grain have

been selling freely the past few days.

The change however has renewed in-

terest in stock feeding and it would

not be surprising if a substantial in-

crease in the amount of grain used for

this purpose resulted. The short hay

crop and the lateness of the corn sea-

son has also stimulated the building of

large numbers of silos which will eat

into the commercial corn supply to

some extent. Last year’s price for No.

3 corn was 891/120 compared with the

following quotations for Detroit for the

past week:





No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday . . . . . . . . 1.89 1.90

Thursday ....... . . . 1.94 1.95

Friday ..

Saturday ..... . . . . . 1.86 1.87

Monday . . . ...... . . 1.84 1.85

Tuesday ........... 1.84 1.85





Chicago—December corn $1.08% a

bushel; May $1.07.



Oats.—There is real active trading

in this grain and large quantities are

going into consumption, it being sub—

stituted for other feeds in many in-

stances. The crop is large and now

that the new grain is reaching the

markets in volume quotations are off

for the new grades, which sold locally

at 58c on Monday for standard grade.

A year ago standard oats were quoted

at 47%c per bushel: Detroit’s last

week’s quotations for old oats weNre:





o.



‘ Standard. White.

Wednesday 80 79

Thursday 80 79

Friday ..... . .. ..

Saturday . . . . ......... 80 79

' Monday . . ............. 80 79

Tuesday ............... 80 79





Chicago—September oats 52%0 per

bu; December 53%0; May 5715c.



Rye.—Further declines have occur-

red in this deal, with cash No. 2 now

quoted at $1.70 per bushel and Septem-

ber at $1.67.



Beans—Cash beans are down but

October delivery still holds a $6.50

per bushel with the local deman slow.

At Chicago prices show no change,

with Michigan pea beans quoted at $8

@850 for hand-picked, and $6 for red

kidneys.



Seeds—Prime red clover $11.90; Oc-

tober $12.90; alsike $11.50; timothy

$3.90. Seed prospects are generally

discouraging.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $12.50; seconds $12.20; straight

$12; spring patent $14.80; rye flour

$12 per bbl. ‘



Feed.—In .100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $42; standard middlings

$50; fine middlings $52; cracked corn

$74.50; coarse corn meal $73; corn and





Hay.—In carlots at Detroit: No. 1

timothy $16.50@17; standard timothy

$15.50@16; No.\2 timothy $14.50@16;





slight mixed $14.50@16; No. 1 mixed





 





$14@14.50; No. 1 clover $13@13.50.

Pittsburg.-No. ‘1 timothy $18.50@





a





 

 

 





 





,'3~ f,





8179 percent No , by $11. «

7 17.25; No. 1 light"mixed $16@g‘6.50;f'

: No. 1 clover, mixed $15®15.60; 'N

. clover $15.50@16. "





 





0’. 1



Straw.—-.-ln carlots, on track Detroit,

rye straw $10.50@11; wheat and oat

straw $9-.50@10. ‘ ‘





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.—Prices are unchanged and

market is firm. Offerings of high-.

grade stock small. Fresh creamery

extras 39%c; fresh creamery firsts

371/2@380.



Chicago.—The feeling still continues

quite firm, with prices 10 higher than

last week. The business is good on

all grades. Creamery extras are quot-

ed at' $40960; extra firsts 400; firsts

38@391/zc; packing stock 331,40.



Elgin.——Market is a little firmer at



Eggs—On Monday good quality eggs

were firm at unchanged quotations.

Fresh firsts were quoted at 34@360.



Chicago.—Market steady for good

stock. Fresh Michigan firsts in new

cases sell for 34@360.



Poultry—Market steady and quiet,

with prices lower. Best broilers 25@

260; Leghorns 24‘c; hens 22@25c;

ducks 20@210; geese 15@16c; spring

180; geese 14c; spring geese 16@18c.



Chicago.—The-market is firmer at,

prices about 1c higher than last week.

Fowls sell from 19@221/2c; spring

chickens 22@24c; ducks 17@19c;

geese 12@14c; spring geese 16@18c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Fruits—Sour cherries $4@4.25 per

bu; raspberries, red $'6@6.50 per bu;

huckleberries $5@5.25 per bu; peaches

$3.50 for Elbertas.



Chicago-Sour cherries $1.85@2 per

16-qt. case; currants $1.25@2.25; black

raspberries $2.25@2.75; blueberries $3

@325; red raspberries $2.50@2.75 per

24-pt. case; other fruits in 16-qt. cases.



Apples—At Detroit Harvest apples

are quoted at $6.50@8 per bbl. At

Chicago Michigan Duchess sell for $1

@125 per bu., or $3.50@4.25 per bbl;

Astricans $1 per bu.



Potatoes—Potatoes are scarce and

firm with quotations of $1.80 per bu.

At Chicago home-grown potatoes sell

for $1.15@1.20 per bushel.





WOOL.





 





Determining the conditions .of the

contracts through which the govern-

ment’s .supply of wool is to be secured,

occupied some attention of the trade

the past few days, but had no influ-

ence upon prices, which are holding

firm. Many farmers still hold their

wool surplus and small quantities are

gradually finding their way into com-

mercial channels at prices well around

70c to the producer.





GRAND RAPIDS;





Potatoes are selling at $1 to $1.20

and are going rather slow. Early ap-

ples are beginning to come, Duchess

bringing around 75c. The season for

berries is almost over. The egg mar-

ket is firm at 34c and dairy butter is

quoted at 32@33c. The mills quote





 





3 . both wheat and corn at $2; rye and





barley at $1.50; oats 800.

bringing $12@14.





Hay is now





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





Large quantities of produce were of-

fered at the city markets on Tuesday

morning where the buying capacity

seemed to be of equal proportions;

which resulted in the maintaining of

prices on most offerings. Potatoes at

$1.60@1.90 per bu; tomatoes $4@5;

string beans $2.50@2.75; cucumbers

$1.25@3 according to size; eggs 50c

per dozen; huckleberries 25c a quart;

cabbage 50c per bushel. Nothing d0-

ing in the hay trade.





LIVE STOC K MA RKETS.





Buffalo. '

August 20, 1917.





Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 200 cars; hogs 20 d. d.; sheep 13

d. d.; calves 1650 head.



With 200 cars of cattle here today

we had a very uneven trade. What

few prime cattle were here sold about

steady but the bulk of the medium and‘

butcher grades of steers sold 25@500

lower, with the best cows and heifers

about steady and some of the medium

and common grades lower. There was

also a good call for the stock bulls and

they sold readily at good strong prices.

There was a good demand for the good

weighty bulls that were good enough

to go for butchers and they sold

steady, with the medium and common

ones, on the bologna order, slow and

a little lower. We look for a fair run

of cattle next Monday and if anything

little easier prices. .



We had a very scant run of hogs





 





 





fairly‘so‘o’dia .



ulk selling around“ $19.25,wit g .

selected " up to $19.40; pigs and; lights

$16.50@17.‘50, as to weight and quality.

Roughs, $17@17‘.25; stags $14@15. Ev-

erything sold at the close and with

western markets extremely high locks

like higher trade for the next few

days. .



With a light run of lambs today our

market opened up slow and prices $1

per cwt. lower than the close of last

week, All Sold and we look for steady

prices balance of the week.



Lambs $15@16; yearlings $12.50@

14; cull to common $11@15; wethers

$10@10.75; ewes $9.50@10.25; bucks

$7@8; best calves $16.25@16.50; com-





 





mon and light '$13.50@15.50; heavy

$12@15; grassers $6@8.50.

Chicago. .

August 20, 1917.





Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today. .30,000 18,000 14,000

Same day 1916..25,165 28,838 24.555

Last week ...... 48,347 66,439 57,383

Same wk 1916..49,609 136,989 86,065



Only 66,439 hogs were received last

week, and of these 15,915 were re-ship-

ped east, while only 9,046 cattle were

shipped from here, comparing with

13,621 a year ago. Shipments of sheep

and lambs from here were 7751 head,

comparing with 16,620 a year ago.

Hogs received averaged 235 lbs.



Hogs were irregularly higher today

under meager offerings, the top being

$19.65, or 65c higher than the best

sales of Saturday. A few prime cattle

sold as high as ever, the best bring-

ing $15, but the unusually liberal sup-

ply caused others to sell irregularly

lower. Sales took place as a rule

much later than usual, and prices were

called largely 25@500 lower, with some

reports claiming an ever greater~ de-

cline for the commoner kinds. A

strong sheep market was witnessed,

with range lambs sharply higher for

the best, prime killers and feeders

moving up to $16.75.



Cattle prices continue on their rapid

course, with a demand last week for

nearly all kinds in excess of the offer-

ings. There was a rather sharp reac-

tion on Thursday, when the previous

advance brought in a much larger sup-

ply than is usually seen on that day,

and prices broke as much as 250 for

the commoner steers and butcher

stock, but on the same day distillery

fed cattle sold at $14.65, the highest

price ever paid for that class of beev’es.

On Wednesday, the high day of the

week, beef steers went largely at $11.25

@1425, with the best fat steers carry-

ing plenty of weight going at $14.25@

15, the top price being 65c above the

top price paid heretofore. Steers class—

as good brought $13@14.20, while a

medium grade sold at $11.75@12.95,

with ordinary to fair light weight kill-

ers taken at $10@11.70, and sales made

to a limited extent of inferior little

steers all the way down to $7.50@

9.50. Yearlings at all desirable in qual-

ity found an outlet at $13 and upward,

a choice kind bringing $13 and up-

ward, and sales ranged all the way

down to $10@11 for the commoner

yearlings. Butcher stock shared in

the general upward course of prices,

with cows taken at $7.10@11, although

very few were choice enough to bring

‘over $10.25, while heifers sold at $6@

13.50, with prime yearling heifers very

scarce. ‘There was a good outlet for

cutters at $6.10@7, with canners sell-

ing at $5.15@6 and bulls at $6@10 us-

ually. Light weight veal calves had

a sharp advance, with sales of the best

up to $15 per 100 lbs, and sales rang-

ing down to $6.50@12 for heavy ones,

the commoner light vealers going at

$13 and over. The stocker and feeder

trade was lessened by inadequate of-

ferings and advanced prices, the for-

mer selling at $6.50@8.75 and the lat-

ter at $8@9.25. Late receipts of cat-

tle brought the week’s receipts up to

good numbers, and at the close prices

for cows, heifers and bulls were no

better than a week earlier, while the

steers were steady to 50c higher.



Hogs passed another eventful week,

with advances of as much as 25c a

day of frequent occurence, and on

Wednesday the bulk‘ of the sales show-

ed advances of 25@35c. Prices were

far higher than during the preceding

week and enormously above prices

paid in any former year. With such

extremely high prices paid in the mar-

kets of the country, the marked falling

off in the receipts was regarded as a

pretty good indication that matured

hogs were mostly out of the way, but

advices from various districts. were

that a great many young hogs and

pigs are being fatten’ed for the future

market. Most predictions of; high

prices have been’reached and even ex-

ceeded, "but now there .are fresh pre-

dictions of much higher ‘values, and it

is an interesting question. how high

hogs can go without" stopping in great

measure the consumption of fresh and

cured hog products. All lines of fresh





 





 





 

 

 





,,¢n,. mire amsfih'm

ing- centers. Prices onwsvgiurffg‘w





at their; highest, with the best elass '





selling at $18.50@19,and the commons:-

lots at $16.25@17.50, while - pigs

brought $12.25@16.25. A week earlier

top hogs brought $17.25. ; _,



Lambs, yearlings, wethers and ewes

were marketed last week day after

day in such greatly decreased numbers

that sellers were able to obtain much

higher prices for fat lots, there being

an active general demand. Much of

the largest advance took‘ place in fat

lambs, while feeders also sold much

higher, the offerings being greatly in-

adequate. Nevada as well as Oregon,

Washington and Idaho, contributed

some trainloads of lambs and year-

lings. Closing prices were 75c@1.25

higher for lambs than a week earlier,

while sheep and yearlings advanced





 





(50.@75c and feeding lambs $1.50@2.

Prices





closed as follows: Lambs

$11.50@16.50; feeding lambs $15.75@

16.50; yearlings $9.75@13; wethers at

$9.50@11.50; ewes $4.50@10; breeding

ewes $9@15.



Horses were marketed last week in

far smaller numbers than for the cor-

responding weeks in recent years, but

the general demand was correspond—

ingly light, and prices showed no im—

provement, inferior horses showing a

weakness. Shippers boughtvsparingly,

and on some days there were no army

inspections. Inferior to fair horses

sold on the basis of $60@125, with

drafters salable at $185@265 and de-

sirable drivers at $125@175.





 





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





Wheat—The average estimated yield

per acre in the state is 17 bushels.

The estimate at present indicates that

the state yield will be very close to

12,225,000 bushels. '



The estimated number of bushels of

wheat marketed and used by farmers

during the 11 months ending June 30

was 11,750,000 and as the estimated

yield for 1916 was approximately 12,-





400,000 bushels, it is very evident that





the wheat crop of 1916 has been dis-

posed of by the growers.



Oats—The estimated average yield

of cats in the state is 38.33 bushels

per acre. This estimate indicates that

the state yield will be about 73,000,000

bushels. - ‘



Rye—The estimated average yield

of rye in the state is 14.38 bushels per

acre, which makes the estimated yield

very close to 6,000,000 bushels.



Corn—The condition of corn as com-

pared with an average is 71 in the

state, which is exactly the same as re-

ported one year ago.



Potatoes—The condition of potatoes

as compared with an average is 92 in

the state, one year ago the average

was 72. -



Beans—The condition of beans as

compared with an average per cent is

72 in the state; one year ago the aver.

age in the state was 86, but they were

severely damaged by the excessive hot

and dry weather which followed.



Sugar Beets.-——The condition of sug-

ar beets as compared with an average

is 81 in the state. The condition one

year ago Was 93.



Chicory, Mint, Cabbage and Celery.

-——The condition of chicory in the state

is 89; mint 55; cabbage 83, and cel-

cry 91. ’



Pasture—The condition of pasture

in the state is 92, one year ago the

condition was 77.



Hay and Forage.~——The estimated

yield per acre of hay and forage, in

tons is 1.50 in the state. The above

estimate indicates that the state yield

will be about 3,431,000 tons.



Apples—On the first day of July the

prospect for an average crop of apo

ples in the state was 53 per cent, but

owing to unfavorable conditions during

the month of July the prospect has

been reduced to 40 per cent.





 





Recent marketings of cattle from the

south show marked improvement in

feeding methods. A short time ago a

carload of Mississippi fed fat cattle

which averaged in weight 1566 lbs.

was sold -on the Chicago market for

$14.35" per.100 lbs. They were pur—

chased in the neighborhood of the

feeder last autumn, when they aver-

aged around 1000 lbs. and cost $7 per

100 lbs. They were winteredon shock

corn, on blue grass up to the close of

February, when they were furnished

all of the corn they would eat, with

ten pounds of molasses feed a day per‘

head. The. hogs which followed the

cattle made good gains. . , ‘



A short time ago _two carloads of

prime IOWa fed cattle brought on the '

Chicago market $14.35 per 100 lbs:

having been bought as; stacker-3-188?

fall‘for $7.90 per 100.1113; when their

average. weight was 600‘ lbs. . They

were started on stalks '

full feed of corn on
. to“ ,LAST "REIT-Ion; ..

if ,The first edition is sent to those who

have ' not expressed a desire for the

markets. _ The late market edi-

tion [will be. sent on request at any





 





 





"cargo” Live crook MARKET.





I





 





Thursday’s Market.

. August 23, 1917.

Cattle.

'Receipts 2,976. Market steady at

last week’s opening prices on all the

grades; closing active. ' _



Best heavy steers $10@10.50; best

handy weight butcher steers $8.50

9.50; mixed steers and heifers $7.50@

9; handy light butchers $7@8; light

butchers $6.50@7.50; best cows $7.25@

7.75; butcher cows $6.50@7; common

COWS $5.50@6; canners $4.50@5.25;

best heavy bulls $7.50@8; bologna

bulls $6.50@7; stock bulls $-».50@6;

feeders $7.50@8.50; stockers $6@7.25;

milkers and springers $40@90.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hyman 8 butch-

ers av 575 at $6.25; to Converse 2

cows av 960 at $5.25, 4 do av 900 at

$5.50; to White Bros. 30 stockers av

600 at $6.15; to Newton P. Co. 1 cow

Wgh 1020 at $5.25, 5 do av 850 at $5.25,

4 butchers av 950 at $7.25, 3 do av

1050 at $7, 2 cows av 940 at $6; to

Kamman B. Co. 22 steers av 1000 at

$9; to Parker, W. & Co. 19 butchers

av 700 at $7.25, 6 do av 875 at $7.25,

8 do av 800 at $7.25, 2 do av 635 at $6,

25 do av 700 at $7; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 1 steer wgh 1000 at $9.25; to Cohen

3 cows av 750 at $6; to Kazmer 1 bull

Wgh 940 at $7.10; to Kull 4 feeders av

800 at $7.50; to Goose 23 butchers av

522 at $6.25; to Conway 12 stockers av

566/at $6.25; to Mich. B. Co. 20 steers

av 1936 at $9; to Hull 13 feeders av 761

at $7.75; to Bresnahan 21 cows av

923 at $6.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 9

steers av 1022 at $8.50; to Newton P.

Co. 3 bulls av 943 at $7; to Thompson

23 steers av 1026 at $9.15; to Mich. B.

Co. 3 do av 843 at $8; to Parker, W.

& Co. 24 do av 1067 at $10; to Sullivan

P. Co. 8 do av 794 at $7.75, 22 do _av

821 at $7.60, ,25 do av 836 at $7.60, 17

do av 1010 at $9, 23 do av 931 at $9.10,

20 do av 960 at $10; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 11 do av 944 at $8.50, 8 do av

815 at $7.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 20 do

av'960 at $10, 6 do av 736 at $7.



McMullen, K. & J. sold Goodgold 14

butchers av 522 at $6.35, 11 do av 700

at $6.75, 5 cows av 974 at $6.25; to

Mason B. Co. 4 cows av 1005 at $4.95,

19 steers av 787 at $7.35; to Thomp-

son 16 do av 905 at $9, 1 do wgh 1070

at $8, 4 bulls av 1470 at $7.50; to

Goose 8 steers av 771 at $7, 15 butcn-

ers av 520 at $6.40; to Conway 6 stock-

ers av 600 at $6.50: to Hammond, S.

& Co. 8 cows av 943 at $5.90; to Bres.

nahan 28 steers av 843 at $8.50, 6 do

av 891 at $8.45; to Brighton D. M. Co.

6 cows av 841 at $6.25; to Nagle P.

Go. 1 bull wgh 1030 at $7.50; to New-

ton P. Co. 4 do av 800 at $6.50, 1 do

wgh 1210 at $7.75, 1 do wgh 1250 at

$7.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 butch-

ers av 737 at $7.25, 7 cows av 850 at

$5.10, 27 butchers av 730 at $7.25, 14

do av 760 at $7.50, 3 bulls av 1170 at

$7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 6 steers





av 915 at $8, 8 do av 1046 at $10, 12‘





do av 772 at $7.25; to Thompson 11

do av 902 at $8.35; to Brighton D. M.‘

00. 5 cows av 1020 at $6.50; to Nagle

P. Co. 3 steers av 887 at $8, 6 do av

1166 at $10, 3 do av 1117 at $8.50, 1

cow wgh 1280 at $8, 3 steers av 700 at

$7.50, 5 do av 814 at $8.50.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 586. Market steady on

good; heavy d'ull; good $1 higher than

last week. Best $15.50@16; others $8

@14.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

3 av 145 at $11, 17 av 160 at $16, 3

av 290 at $12, 4 av 145 at $16, 2 av

125 at $10, 4 av 125 at $15.75, '5 av 135

at $15.50, 2 av 180 at $15.75, 1 wgh

220 at $10; to Newton P. Co. 5 av 125

at $11, 6 av 150 at $15.75, 4 av 125 at

$15.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 9 av 160 at

$14, 5 av 165 at $16; to Hammond, S.

&. Co. 8 av 155 at $16; to Newton P.

Co. 5 av 200 at $15.50; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 5 av 140 at $16.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 2443. Market steady. Best

lambs $15@15-25; fair lambs $14@

14.50; light to common lambs $11@

13.50; fan‘ to good sheep $7.50@8.25;

culls and common $5@7. -



Erwin, S. & J. sold Mich. B. Co. 94

lambs av 79 at $14.75; to Nagle P. Co.

18 do av 80 at $15; to Nagle P. Co. 10

do av 70 at $15, 4 yearlings av 85 at

$10.50, 27 lambs av 80 at $15; to White

Bros. 42 lambs av 55 at $13.75.



McMullen, K. & J. sold Mich. B. Co.

87 lambs av 65 at $14.85, 24 do av 70

at $15, 5 sheep av 125 at $8, 2 do av

85' at“; to Costello 49 lambs av, 80

at.$14. H





09‘-

. _ Receipts 750. Hogs very dull and

50c lower than on Tuesday for'mixed

pinesmixed hog selling at $3018.60;

ms 5250.15.15... _. < ~ -'





 





} GGVE'RNM





@ be one established price to the produc-





Eflfii SHOULD rut-(BE

urns. emcee. . '





 





 





A minimum price of $2.00 per bushel

on wheat,‘ fixed by the government, and

a maximum price of $2.65 fixed by the

Chicago Board of Trade, if both stand

without any change, will give the spec-

ulators a play of sixty-five cents per

bushel. In other words, when the de-

mand is active the price will be $2.65,

When the market is dull and easy the

price will be around $2.00, with the

greatest portion of the sixty-five cents

going to swell the bank accounts of

the big speculators. There ought to





er on grain of all kinds, delivered at

any primary market. This would cut

out speculation and stop the hoarding

and piling up of grain in elevators for

speculatiive purposes. An established

price, based on the actual supply and

demand in both the United States and

the allied countries, which could be

easily figured out of, say $2.00 per

bushel on standard wheat, $1.25 for

corn and sixty cents for eats, all

things considered, ought to be high

enough. Winter wheat and oats have

been practically secured and if noth~

ing happens to disturb the present

brilliant outlook for spring wheat and

corn, the United States ought to have

an exportable surplus on this crop of .

wheat, corn and oats, of around nine

hundred million bushels. I think I am

well within the mark when I estimate

this year’s crops as follows ‘





Wheat, bushels .......... 850,000,000,

Corn, bushels ........... 3,250,000,000

Oats, bushels . . . . ........ 1,500,000,000

Barley, bushels .......... 250,000,000

Rye, bushels ............ 50,000,000

Potatoes, bushels ........ 450,000,000

Beans, bushels ........... 15,000,000





To move nine hundred million bush-

els of grain to the seaboard will re-

quire 600,000 cars loaded with 1,500

bushels each, and 3,000 vessels, each

carrying about 10,000 tens, or 300,000

bushels, to carry it across the ocean.

It certainly looks as though the trans-

portation problem would cut more fig-

ure than the question of supplies.



The elimination by the government

of speculation, gentlemen’s agree-

ments, community interests, 100 per

cent profits, 'etc., would help to mate-

rially reduce famine prices.



Wayne Co. T. G. CRAIG.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





(Continued from page 134).

tacks—The southern fronts and those

in Asia Minor have furnished no news

of interest the past fortnight.——Aero~

plane activity is growing apace. By

increasing the number of planes on

both sides the importance of this

phase of the fighting is becoming more

apparent. In a single day the French‘

and British airmen brought down 24

enemy planes behind his lines on the

western front. _



Former Czar Nicholas of Russia, has

been transferred by the provisional

government to Siberia. Since being

deposed he and his relatives have been

under guard at Tsarskoe-Selo from

whence they were removed on Aug-

ust 14.



The German reichstag general com-

mittee convenes this week for consid-

eration of the recent peace proposals

made by Pope Benedict. The commit-

tee will also be called upon by the

social democrats for a statement as to

their peace aims of the government.



There is little hope of averting’the

threatened railroad strike in England

where the“ locomotive engineers are

demanding an eight-hour day. In the

recent settlement of differences be-

tween the railroads ,and .employes a

truce was declared in which it was

agreed among other things that the

shorter day issue should be left for

consideration until after the war is

over. The engineers now contend that

the railroads have broken their side

of the agreement and they therefore

are determined to press their demands

by walking out.



National.



Nearly 10,000 veterans of the Civil

War gather in Boston this week for

the fifty-first annual encampment of

the Grand Army of the Republic. Ev-

ery one of the forty-four departments

in the country will be represented.



The coal market situation is now

getting the attention of both state and

federal officials. Last week our state

government made a request upon deal-

ers for information on the present

status of supplies and prices. But

from published reports it appears that

the dealers are preparing to oppose

any movement to compel them to show

their books. ‘





If the city officials win grant per--





mission it is probable that Detroit

will have auto-bus lines operating in

the more congested sections. Such

lines are now in commission in Chi-





 





 

 

 





ri."i." ‘ , _

.I _ Oliver the Choice

at Fremont





 

 

   





 





 





91“. .





Ill ' VI 09" I

ll arm 9 ennary 626 ..



‘ 110 Univerait Av... Toronto. Canada

Under the controllogthe Department of Agriculture of

Ontario. Amliated with the University of Toronto.

College Reapena, Monday, Oct 1, 1917, Colon—



ar Sent on Application.





E. A. AfGrange, V.S., M. Sc.,

Principal





H Y Ship To The on: Ron-u. Home ‘

A Daniel McCeffrey's Sons. .

______ 613-625 we.“ 314,-- rims: h.





We want your entire crop.



Write for rubber stem.



The E. L. Richmond (10..

#





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





Detroit. Michlnan.





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   





Small consignments from



m EGGS) ETC- producers in our territor

bring vorfi attractiVe prices. lleturns day 0

arrival. efer to Dun or Bradstreet. Zenith

Butter & Eng 00., 170 Duane St.. New York. N.Y.





ROSE” RYE. (Itecleagggz,:Ei‘fi-perbu”





GEO. l". HEATH. R. 1, Lawrence, Michigan.





 





 





 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





HOGS





At the National tractor ggggggofigflggfihms fitlgzg3i§rfigflgglm

demonstration at Fremont, ' tsego'MICh'

Oliver tractor plows and other

Oliver products were drawn

by forty-two difierent tractors.

The same reason that caused

sixty-five per cent of the

tractor manufacturers not mak-

ing plows to pull Oliver pro-

ducts in order to secure the

best results from their tractors

is the reason why you should

insist upon an Oliver imple-

ment for use with your tractor.



Oliver tractor plows are fur-

nished with two, three or four

bottoms for light tractor use;

in larger sizes for heavy tract-

ors. .



The Oliver tractor disk har-

row and roller pulverizer are

especially adapted for tractor

hitch.



Tell your plowing needs to

the nearest Oliver dealer or

write us for information on

the plow best adapted to meet

them.



Oliver Chilled Plowlibrlfs



" Width“ ‘

South fiend. Ind.





unrsulnrs B... may; 53:33:15 .... .,





JOHN W. SNYDER, a. 4. St. Johns. Mich.





. l o

Hampshlri Ylunlmg Pigsigmsesdgsf’m‘ PM“

A. E. BACO & SO . Sheridan, Mich.





 





FOR sALE Yorkshire Sows and

_ . Gilts. bred for fall for—

rowing. Also boar pigs for fall service. aterman a.

Waterman. Meadowland Farm. Ann Arbor. Mich.





SHEEP

Sh ‘ Big, early. re . r l f

ropshires com, I u ,' “- “mb"'- °'

Nook ram. Milo M. Gibson?glt.a5. th‘grflfi’igfiy imp.





For Shrapshirc anli g °’ “ashram?“-

ARMSTBONG BROS" - 3, l'owlervllle. Michigan.

Shorthorn Cattle





OAKDALE STOCK KAI . “1.. 3mm...”





Sheep. Stock for sale. W. J. Lessiter, Balding. Mich,





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





ANT to buy 4 you Oxford ram re d I '

this fall. Please wxl-ite desoriptidh azdypgrge £13100

CARL E. SCHMIDT, Oscoda, Mich.





 





' l‘ . 1

Hickory lull Paladins. $.13“: “$3393.31;





stock ram. reen. Orchard Lake. Mich





 





_Several hundred 00d d

WUShIII ENE: year olds and yearling;I ffetmrbigié)

tered rams. Barnard Sheep Ranch. B. 5. Clare. Mich.





HORSES '





 





 





For Sale Reg. Black Percheron

Stallion Colt





Weighing 1&1) pounds at 24 mos. old Sir-ed h '

Weighing 2100 pounds well bred and riced {oasitflllxon

M. A. Bray Est” Okemos (Inghsm ,0.) Mich.





SHETLAND PONIES





200 head to select from. Special prices on colts for A

not and September. Write Do t. E. T I

Farms. North Benton. Ohio.p he SHADYSIHDE





REGISTERED PERC HERON





flares and Stallions priced to sell. Ins ti -

l... C. HUNT. . EATON R PlDofln. filial.





 





 





 





Pedigreed Grains





Red Rock wheat. Rosen Rye and Michigan Win.

ter Barley are fall sown grains developed at the

Michigan. Agricultural College. They have been

grown With satisfactory results by hundreds of

farmers. For lists of men who have inspected

pedigreed seed of these varieties for- sale. write

the Secretary of the Michigan Crop Improve-





ment Associ etion

J. W. Nl East Lansing. Michigan





and?





Feed lhe Fighlsrs! Win lhs War!

Harvest the Crops! Save the Yields!





0n the battlefields of France and Flanders the United States boys and the Canadian

boys are fighting side by Slde to win for the World the freedom that Prussienism

would destroy.



' While damn; this they must be fed and every ounce of muscle that can be requisi-

tioned must go into use to save this year‘s crop. A short harvest period requires the

combined forces of the two countries in team work, such as the soldier boys in France

and Flanders are demonstrating.





THE COMBINED FIGHTERS IN FRANCE AND FLANDERS

AND THE COMBINED HARVESTERS IN AMERICA

WILL BRING THE ALLIED VICTORY NEARER





A reciprocal arrangement for the use of farm workers has been perfected between

the Department of the Interior of Canada and the Departments of Labor and Agriculture

of the United States. under which it is proposed to permit the harvesters that are now.

engaged in the wheat fields of Oklahoma, Kansas. lowa. North Dakota. South Dakota.

Nebraska. Minnesota and Wisconsin to move over into Canada. with the privilege of

later returning to the United States. when the crops in the l’nited States have been con-

served. and help to sa‘ve the enormous crops in Canada which by that time will be

ready for harvesting.





Help Your Canadian Neighbors Ylhen Your Own crepls Harvested

Canada wants 40.000 Harvest Hands to take care of its

I 3 Million Acre Wheat Field





One cent smile railway fare from the International Boundary line to destination and

the same rate returning to the International Boundary. High wages,good board

comfortable lodgings. . '



Ar. Identification Card issued at the- boundnry by a Canadian Immigration Officer

will guarantee no trouble in returning to the I'nlted States.



AS SOON AS XOUR OWN HARVEST IS SAVED, move northward and assist your

Canavdlién. neighbor in harvesting his; in this way do your bit in helping ‘ Win





 





 





Purchorons, "sirloin, In In, Sim shim, limes

DORR D. BUILL. mm. lehl‘lm.





 





 





. Sell or Trade for milk cows a



fiit‘ifilggg 3133;23:0me fig: "40 Blind Black Mare Sound. 0.4A33'dri’dhoblfii

iaid Stock. If you have real Alumna, Mich.. P. 0. Address Kalamazoo. R. 9. 30:73

Fresh Eggs- and want prem-

iums. write us.



AMERICAN BUTTER &

CBEEIE CO. Detroit.MIcI





 





S - For sale Spanish Jack level

panish Jack . 1d d , _

I. J. ALiifiisoh. “Tog?“ Mich.





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





For particulars as to routes, identification cards and place where emplo ment ma

be had. apply to Superintendent of Immigration, Ottawa. Canada. or to y y





I. Y. IcIIIIES, canadian Hammond Agni, 178 loflmon In" Mail, lick.





   

   

   

 

 





 





 

 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you





 





 





cago. ‘





{are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor?
lt’s Natural for a ’1

[log to Wallow





Here’s a good thing to do: Provide

a wallow close to the feeding

grounds to which add Dr. Hess Dip

‘ and Disinfectant. As the hogs pass

back and forth from the wallow to

the feed trough, the DIP will kill

the lice and cleanse the skin, while

the DRIP will destroy the disease

germs and the worms that pollute

the ground. That will mean a clean,

healthy skin, freedom from lice, a

safeguard against disease and

larger, better porkers.





Dr. HESS & CLARK

Ashland Ohio





DR.HEss DIP





(Inc?





DISINFECTANT





fmmpERrEcr

CORN HARVESTER





JUSTflnTHlNG firm

or SILO CUTTING





 

 

 





 

   





 





SoIdDimcwI-





I Works in any

kind of soil. Cuts

stalks—doesn't pull like

other cutters. Absolutely no danger

Cute Four to Seven Acres 0 Day

with one man and one horse. Here is what one

farmer says: Hillsdale, Mich , Nov 4,1916.

Your harvester is perfectly safe for horse and man.

which' is worth the price of e machine. If I had ,

not had the harvester it. would have cost me almost

the price of it for hired help. George H. Tod.

SOLD DIRECT TO THE FARMER



Send for booklet and circulars telling all about this

labor-saving machine: also containing testimonials

of many users. Send for this circular matte rtoday.





LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Dept. 11 Lincoinfllilnole 2





 





 





DEATH roe HEAVES

NEWTON ’S "2131 fid‘éi‘afl‘éffl“

Some cuee cured by lot or 2nd SI eon.





Three cans are guaranteed to cure

heaven or money refunded.





 

   

   

 





' ':--...‘,.8





\\ K“ .1110“?





t.)





   

 

 

 

 





1| .

l>7 [.14 "

¢'~"flm‘ ‘//





VII-“1“? - .



' The original and the up-io-date

Standard Veterinary Remedy for Heaven; tree booklet

explains M1,.35yeare sale and veterinary use.





BURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING CAUSE—-

INDIGESTMI. IT’S A BRAND BONDI-

TlflllER MID WORM EXPELLER





Date. Most economical. Excellent for Cattle and Hogs.

1.00 per can at dealers, at same price by parcel post.





THE NEWTON BENEDY 00.. Toledo. 0M.





1 MlNERALinzg



2 “ “ HEAVE‘?



_ Q, ~ COMPOUND

’95 S H E AVES ..





Free ,

88 Packagel teedoo taxi” satisfaction or eamoney

ockage sufficient for ordinary





IIIEIAkL “ME “IE" 00. 433 Fourth M... fittehurl. PI.





[EARN AUC'I‘IoNEE'IllNG :fiYé’ilfifiggi‘“i





and become independent with no capital invested.

Every branch of the businen taught in 5 weeks.

Writ to today for free catalog.



JONES' NAT SCHOOL 0' AUCTIONEIRING.

28H. Sacramento Blvd. Chime” Ill. Canyl. Jones. Free.





\‘1727





 

 

   

 





 





 





 

     





 





 





F E R R ETS. B°"‘“:.§’°J%':. 11.27“”





HUGH KEPHART, Dowsgiac. Michigan.





 





When writing to advertisers please

mention The Michigan Fariner.





N unilsual effort is being made

on the part of the Department

of Agriculture at Washington,



D. C., to avert a pork and meat short-'



age. They have appealed to farmers



to save their brood sows and breed

them for fall litters and to add to the

size of their breeding herds by saving

the young sows from last fall litters

and also breeding them tofarrow pigs

the coming fall in order to do all that

can be possibly done to increase the

number of pigs to eat a. part of the

grain now growing and will soon be

harvested, to help keep up the supply

of pork meats that will be needed to





.meet the demands of the people at





home and supply the armies of the

allies in the field in the European war.

Notwithstanding the appeals, ac-

cording to the market reports, many

brood sows that have just weaned

their spring litters and are not half

fattened are being sent to market.

The appeal of the prevailing high pric-

es at the present time has induced

farmers to part with the “goose that

lays the golden egg,” so to speak, and

is aiding to make it less possible to

meet the needs of the people in our

own country in the future, and is

helping to make it more difficult to

supply the soldiers in the field that





” Keep 111.1th Growing





By N. A.





 





CLAPP





them strong and healthy—fit instru-

ments or machines with which to make

healthy, delicious and marketable

meat.



We also long since learned that “va-

riety is the ,spice of life," in many

ways, and that a great variety of feeds

yield much richer and more abundant

returns in the shape of growth and

profits on our animals than can be se-

cured by a narrow diet, or a strict

limitation to one or two kinds of feeds.

The pasture feeds add variety. They

are consumed because they are relish-

ed. They bulk up the mass of feeds

in the stomach, making digestion more

certain and complete, furnishing an

economical addition to the grain con-

sumed. The pasture feeds are of a

succulent nature, yield their nutritive

elements readily and furnish to the

pigs what is needed to build up their

bodily systems harmoniously. In very

many ways pigs are benefited by being

kept constantly in the pasture fields in

the summer time.



In addition to pasture the pigs

should be provided with shelter from

the storms and the bilrning rays of

themidday sun. In other words, they

should have a chance to make them-

selves comfortable. Their sleeping

quarters should be clean and sanitary.





 





 





 





Pollecl Durham Heifers Fattened Almost Exclusively 0n Silage.

These heifers were fed by Wm. Mackley, of St. Clair County.

ration consisted of silage and only about one quart of grain per day. More

silage in the ration for beef production will be good farm economy this

year





Their





 





need the meat to help sustain them

when the pinch of cold winter comes

on, and they are required to endure

the hardships of marches and the

strain of the struggle in the trenches

and actual contact with the enemy. It

sometimes looks as though the pa-

triotic spirit is being smothered in or-

der to increase the posibilities for im-





realize on what is in hand regardless

of what may be the outcome in the

future. - ,

In their Weekly Letter of July 18,

the Department of Agriculture .makes

an appeal to the farmers to keep the

spring pi s growing. They urge the

use of th pasture. That advice is re-

peated several times as though it is

necessary in order to fix it on the

minds of the farmers in a way which

will induce them to heed it.

To a practical farmer and pig raiser,

it does not seem as though the advan-

tages of keeping pigs on the pasture

need to be emphasized so strongly.

Our experiences and observations have

fixed those things so firmly in our

minds that a repetition of them, by

high authority, is not required to make

us understand them. We learned,

much earlier in life that pigs need an

abundance of exercise in theopen air

in order'to develop their bony, muscu-





 





mediate gratification of the desire to





 





lar and nervous systems, and make





Free access to pure water is necessary

for their comfort and to enable them

to thrive.



Some means should be devised to

keep the pigs free from lice. An ap-

plication of equal parts of kerosene

oil and castor oil, well scrubbed into

the hair‘ with a stiff brush will kill the

lice, and then by cleansing the sleep-

ing places and applying some strong

disinfectant they can be madevcom-

fortable in that respect. »



There are other reasons why it is

wise to keep the pigs growing than to

supply the armies with pork meats. It

is nature’s plan to grow muscle, (lean

meat), while the animals are young,

and it will not be produced at any oth-

er time in the animal’s life. If the

pigs are carried along slowly, in the

old-fashioned way, until the time cemes

to fatten them for market. After they

are fattened there will be a thin rim,

so to speak, of lean overlaid with fat.

If the pigs are kept growing constantly

there will be a development of mus





,cle, (lean meat), intermingled with fat;





the lean meat will be tender, juicy

and palatable; while under the other

plan of producing it, what there is of

it will be dry and tasteless as wooden

chips. And farther, by keeping up a

constant growth, keeping up the

thrifty habit, the gains in weight are

made with less feed. Lean meat is





 





033p v '

ing, than the Same weight in fat can

be made later in life.





Wayne Co. N. A CLAPP‘.





 





THREE pom-rs TO BE CONSID-

ERED lN SILO BUILDING.





 





Three big points, knowledge of

which may enable builders of silos to

foresee problems they are likely to

encounter, are mentioned by the farm

mechanics department of the Michi-

gan‘ Agricultural College as worthy of

remembering. '



First. Impervious walls. The fun-

damental principle in the preservation

of silage is the retention of moisture

within the silage and the exclusion of

air. For this reason, the silo wall

must be non-porous. Moisture must

be prevented from passing out and air

from passing in.



Second. Strength of walls. The

walls of a silo must be strong enough

to resist the bursting pressure of the

silage, which acts outward in‘all direc-

tions as the silage settles. The fric-

tion of the silage on the walls and the

weight of the material ofthe walls

produce a crushing action which is

great near the bottom of the silo.



Third. Smoothness of walls. To

permit the silage to. settle freely, and

to prevent the formation of the air

pockets, the walls should be smooth

on the inside and not have any shoul—

ders or offsets. Air pockets result in

more or less spoiled silage.





HINTS ON CARE OF BULL.





 





I have a thorough-bred Jersey bull

and I want to give my experience with

caring for bulls in the summer.



I have a box stall 12x14 feet, well

bedded with straw and an out-door

yard 14x24 feet, made four planks high.

Planks are ten inches wide with four-

inch cracks, making the fence about

five feet high. The four-inch cracks

make it so Mr. Bull can see all that is

going on and that makes him good na-

tured. I also have in the yard 3. post

set in the ground about three feet, and

five feet out, and at the top I fastened

wsmall chain with a staple and a ten-

inch block of soft wood fastened at

the other end of chain so it will swing

and he plays with it hour after hour.



Never use a fork on the bull. If you

wish to make him mind take a sharp

whip but never use it unless neces-

sary. Treat him the same as you do

your heifers. They love kindness and

petting just as well as any animal. I

think with this treatment you will al-

ways have him kind and good natured.

Another thing, I think only one person

should have the care of a bull, or some

one they are accustomed to seeing ev-

ery day.





Ingham Co. J. B. YOUNG.





 





Milton H. Brown, of Sangamon coun-

ty, 111., marketed in Chicago a short

time ago a carload of prime little

yearling steers which averaged only

934 pounds for $13.65 per 100 pounds,

there being 22 of them. For many

years Mr. Brown has made a specialty

of baby beeves, and he makes it a.

practice to market several carloads

every year, having found it to be a.

profitable industry. He makes it an

invariable rule to breed his own cows,

being able in this way to

choice calves of even flesh, conforma-

tion and quality. It is impossible to

purchase calves of this description on

the market unless they are selected

from several lots; and while it may be

possible to buy bunches of good calves

on the market, their cost is consider-

able more than that of home-grown

calves.





W. H. Robinson, of Fulton county,

111., sold a carload of 1367-pound fat

steers of his own feeding on the Chi-

cago market a short time ago for

$13. 65 per 100 pounds and a. carioad of

choice hogs for $16.15. He remarked

that the crops of cats was turning out





from 50 to 80 bushels to the acre and

bringing from 65 to 67 cents 1191‘ bush





e1, while corn prospects were

promising.





o btainr





 





 

 





 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





3'

.

1
.g.





H‘-





.. - «agar ,





 





 

 

 





3-1:; 3-5355; 1 '





 





ug Ewes





 





m ~ .m- ~‘k”:





” Need





,By PROF. 'GEO. A. BROWN





 





 





 





W





 





     





cod-7 are





Michigan Agricultural College





is still eight months distant,



its success or failure for the

sheepman will be quite largely deter-

mined by the care given’ the breeding

ewe flock during the next two or three

months. The breeding ewe that. has

done her duty by producing .a good

lamb at this time of the year in a

more or less rundown condition and

in no Shape for the mating season

which in many sections will start with-

in the next few weeks.



After the lambs are weaned the ewe

flock should be run on scanty pasture

for a week, or until the ewes are all

dried off, and should be carefully look-

ed over every third day to: see that

milk does not accumulate in the udder

and make milking necessary. After

this time the flock should be given the

best pessible pasture the farm affords,

for a change is advisable at this period

even though there is plenty of grass

in the pasture where they have spent

the summer. The aftermath on the

meadows or clover seeding, if not pas~

tured too closely, is particularly excel-

lent for the flock at this season.



Where a change to better pasture is

not available it is the practice to feed

the ewe flocks some grain, from one‘

half to one pound per head daily to

start the ewes gaining 'in flesh and to

promote activity in the reproductive

organs. But if it is obtainable, the

writer strongly advocates the use of





WHILE the 1918 lambing season





Where only a small flock is kept, or J

the purchase of a dipping tank is not

possible, the tick and louse may be

kept under control by placing the

sheep on its back, pouring the dip the

full length of the middle of the body,

and holding the animal in this position

for at least one minute. Then the ap-

plication should be repeated the full

length of the back and neck.



All sheep purchased should be thor-

oughly dipped before being allowed to

mingle with a clean flock.





HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF A

' HORSE.





 





The writer's experience has shown

him that there are a good many farm-

ers and farmer boys that do not know

how to accurately estimate the age of

a horse. It is with the hopes of fur-

nishing such persons with a guide,

that thisarticle is written.’



The only way to estimate the age of

a horse is by careful examination of

the teeth. It requires considerable ex-

perience to be quick in recognizing the

age of an animal, but by practice the

age may be determined with consider-

able accuracy up to eight years; be-

yond this one can only guess at the

age.



In the colt, seven or eight days after

birth, two incisor teeth appear at the

front and. middle of both the upper

and lower jaws.





 





.1.





In about five or six ~





 

 

   





1.

helm





   





   

   

 





\NTERNAT‘ONAL: - , "“





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





THE International





1 Then there are both smal

Type F is the lightest-running





l sizes will put up to 25 tons

25-h. p. engine will handle the





cost.





the good work it was

may feel assured of.





11:. i. Tm r. name.“ can... cu»... A in

p. Ihoroeono Cliche will run it °





offron loco Iztohlporhllt: ',





imam





For Your 1917-Corn





above is a good size forindividual use, or

for neighborhood use wherever a medium-capacity l





machine is required. Note how simple and com-

, pact it is, and how safely the ears are housed.





With 4to 6-h. p.; capacity 3 to 6 tons per hour. The lar er

xper hour into the silo, an a

8





Corn growers everywhere know that International Ensilege

r Cutters cannot be. beat for uniform cutting, high elevation,

. safety and durability. They fill silos at the lowest power.

' Every feature of these cutters, the knives and blowers l

r on the same flywheel, the carefully machined bearings, the

complete Oiling system, the absence of all unnecessary gears

and sprockets, the steady feed arrangements, all tend to

make them easy running and power saving.

The International you choose—of whatever size— will do

uilt for, at the lowest cost.

Our catalogues will tell you of all the





details. Write the address below. ‘

International Harvester Company of America



Inco rated)

CHICAGO "‘1- U s A ‘

Champion 'Deering McCormick Milwaukee Osborne





 

 

 

 

 





_.___





top





Ensilage Cutter shown





er andJar er Internationals.

cutter ma e—you can run it l

\





aviest loads.





That you





   





 





 





 





Michigan Live Stock





Insurance Company





Home Office: Graebner Bldg., Saginaw, W. S., Michigan





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





 





 





Good Care New Makes for Proliflcacy in Breeding Ewes—This Ewe Raised

the Four Lambs at Her Side in a Single Season.





Executive Office: 319 Widdicomb Bldg., Grand Rapids, Michigan





This Company is backed by more than 500 of the best live stock farmers of the state. and we have





more than $100,000 deposited with the State Treasurer as a guarantee of the ( Yompany‘s responsibility.





We insure all live stock-horses. cattle, sheep and hogs against death from any cause. ,

We issue individual and blanket policies covering any and all conditions-herd policies. feeding





policies. shipping policies. 30 day fouling policies. etc.





We want a local agent to represent us in every community in Michigan.

We want every farmer in the State of Michigan to insure his live stock with us.





 





 





good pasture rather than grain at this

period. The breeding ewe gaining in

flesh and condition as a result of good

pasture will at mating time be more

apt to conceive at the first service,

will produce a stronger lamb and give

a better milk flow next spring than

will the ewe that is in a thin, run-down

condition at mating time. A larger per

cent of twin lambs will also be obtaim

ed from a ewe in a thrifty condition

when mated.



Aside, however, from the advantages

enumerated above, it is a matter of

economy to give the flock proper care

and to get them into the best possible

trim before going into winter quarters.

Much less feed is required to winter

the breeding flock that goes into the

winter in the best shape. No amount

of roughage and grain during the win-

ter will entirely make up for poor

feed and attention during the fall

months. Every flockmaster should,

therefore, give his proteges especially

good care, beginning .at least four

weeks before the mating season and

continuing uhtil they go .into winter

quarters.



Exterminate Ticks and Lice.



Flock owners should also examine

their flocks for ticks and lice. When

either ticks or lice are present, the

flock should be dipped twice, at regu-

lar intervals of three weeks, before go-

ing into winter quarters, preferably

during August or September, or at

least before the weather becomes

cold, with a standard coal tar dip. The

sheep should be held in the bath for

from one to one and one-half minutes





.,'_(depending en the length of the wool),





and the head completely immersed be-

fore the sheep is permitted to leave

the bath. . -





" a:





weeks, two more teeth appear in each

jaw, one on either side of those al-

ready present. In the period between

the sixth and ninth months, two more

take their places, one on each side of

the outer teeth already present. In

all, there are now six pairs. These

are called “nippers” or "milk teeth,"

and are only temporary. They are

usually quite uneven at first, but in

the course of the following year, they

become quite smooth and uniform.



The cups in the first pair of milk

teeth are of dark center at first; in

the second year they wear light of col-

or, and become smaller than those of

the other four. At three years of age,

the first permanent incisors appear.

These teeth are larger than the milk

teeth. At four years, the second pair

of permanent teeth appear. At five,

the last pair of colt’s teeth in each

jaw is replaced by permanent teeth.

At this age the teeth known as “tusks”

appear in the male. The “tusks” have

roundish points and lie a short dis-

tance back of the front teeth. There

is one pair on each jaw.



After the fifth year the age of the

horse is detefmined by the appearance

of the wearing surface of the tooth.

At six years, the cups of the two cen-

tral teeth. are worn off. At seven, the

second pair is smooth, and at eight,

the last pair is worn nearly level.

From here on, the age can only be

estimated by the general appearance

of the teeth or of the animal, and such

estimates cannot be accurate. «The

older the herse the sharper the angle

taken by the teeth and the more stale

and worn the teeth appear. From

twelve to sixteen the teeth usually be-

come three-sided.





Clinton Co. A. .L. M.





 





We will give you asquare deal.

Write for information.

Colon





C. Lillie, Pres. and Supt. of Agts.





Harmon J. Wells, Secty. and Gen. Mgr.





 





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





We Ofier a Few Special Bargains

In S. C. White Leghorn cockerels, Ram-

bouillet rams, Hampshire pigs (either

sex) and Holstein bulls. A good chance

for a small investment to reap the bene-

fit of a large expenditure of capital and

years of expert breeding. '



Flanders Farm, Orchard Lake, Mich.





CATTLE.





Aberdeen- Angus A





Bold established in 1900. Trojan—Eric» and Black

birds only. Bullsin service; Black Brandon Z1932

Enoeof Woodcote 191382. Also breeders of Percheron

and Saddle Horses.



WOODOOTE STOCK FARM.





' NGUS’OLOVERLY STOCK ‘RANCH.

A Bulls. Cows and Heifers for

sale. GEO. HATHAWAY a SON. Ovid. Mich.





 





Ionic. Mich.





HOICE Angus Bulls for sale. Have several well

C bred, excellent type Angus Bulls at reasonable

prices. M. L. Smith. Glcnwood Farm. Addison, Mich,





Registered Guernseys





Stock always for sale. Ma. Rose Strain—Herd Tuber.





' uall . ever had a reactor—no

:llhlgig‘iilwdtl "MI? WIliLIAMS. North Adams. Mich.





of service e and calves fro

Guern‘ey Bu“: choice. A‘dv. reg. breeding.III

T. V. HICKS. Route 1. Battle Coeok, Mlch,

G U E R N 8 BY S‘“°“““D

. BULL CALVEB

Contslnln blood of world chain lone.

HICKS' OUER SIY FARM. Saginaw. . 8., Mich





GUERNSEYS Eug selves [31' sale. fgom

. . anon on

GEO. N. CRAWFORD. - - - 11013333113?

' and Grade G e

RegIStered yearlln . heigegsiflnngglllb‘gdl

so. Home with records: cho ceeft'i; must reduce he :

tuberculin tested. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne. Itch.





' Very fine Youn b ll fl

Wm “.I‘bl"- months of age A. {.0.‘Il>reedi::

Woollen guaranteed.W.B.JoneI & .1. Elana, Cohoctah.lich.





8 . G

FOR SALE 033°r'éuRbueé'ifé'ifiilf'ltfir“





11.





 





 





 





EG. HOLSTEINS: Herd headed by Albina Ben“

Butter Boy No. 98124. Dani's record at 6 yrs. butter

28.531bl.n_|llk619.4 Yearly record at 2% yrs, butter

802 lbs. milk 1&22 lbs.W. B. READER. Howell. Mich





OAK LEAF FARM

Herd Sire

Ypsiland Sir Pletertle De Kol

Service bulls all sold. Buy a calf and raise it. Fine

individuals 4 and 5 months old. E. H. Gearhartt

Son. Marcellus, Mich. R. No. 4.





 





 





Buy Your Bulls From Parham’: Pedigm Stock Farm

Choice Registered Holstein calves from A. R. 0. cows.

RAY B. PARHAM, Bronson. Michigan.





842 Lbs. BUTTER





Is the average of the semi-official records of our herd

bull sdam (at 2 yrs. ), his grand-dam (at 3 yrs.) and his

great grand-dam. Three choice young bulls from A. R.



.dams. Herd tuberculin tested annually. Holstein:

of course. Peaceland Stock Farm, Three Rivers, Mich.

Chu. Peters. Herd-men. C. L Brody.0wner. Port Huron. Mich.





CRE bred Holstein Bull born July 15. 1917, not elig-

ible to record, 15-16 white. a ood one. 835 cratedt

deliveredhnywliereln state. Newton nrnlmrt. StJohns. Mich.





GLUNY STOCK FARM





100 REGISTERED HOLSTEINS 100





For Sale :—17 mos. old bull whose 7 nearest dams

average 560.1 lb. milk and 25.679 lb. butter in 7

days. Sire is by the son of a 32.9 lb. cow and

from a 31 lb. 4 yr. old cow. Dam is a 22.51b.1r.

3 yr. old daughter of a 26.5 lb. Jr. 4 yr. old cow.

whose dam is a 27 lb. cow.



Ready for immediate heavy service. Priced to

sell immediately. Send for pedigree and price.





R. BRUCE McPHERSON, Howell,Mich.





WINNWOOD H E R D





REGISTERED HOLSTEINS





Holton, Mich.

Reference: Old State Bank. Fremont. Mich.

Flint Manocreet Bo sire in service

His sire is Map ecrest Korn yke Bengorveld. his 3

onrest Dams each (worm lbs. of butter ln‘Idays.

His dam and grand dam both made over 1232 lbs. of

butter in lyoar. It isthe you-l cow we are looking

for todcliver the goods. Flint M’iwlocrest Boy’sDam is

Glu Vnasser Bell. N57 lbs. of butter in 7 (his and 12)





 





 





right?“ all: (hive-drop: 2 wee." ks tofBA-igntohn old for

a emer- pr 003 t _ . . .

Write a tel?!“ the kind of a mill ygu want. Heifers





John H.Winn. (Inc.,) Holton. Mich.





 





 





All n l marked and fine Ipocimenc of the breed.

6. 3'. LE. - Bancroft, M lch.





Additional Stock Ads. on Page 155
" Home:





., please moncion the Michi-





Pouurliv. 9 5





lots. we he‘ve decided to offer for immediate s.





300 Laying Yearling White Leghorn Hens





on are from our choice colonies which as Pullets



on layinf last September (eee descriptive circu-

ar . and uh ch are still lnying. Favorable prices in

on; {Ii-[om 0 to 60 for immediate sale. Also other steel:

as o owe:





N

Yearling Hens

B Lo horns, Barred Plymouth Rocks (limited)-

Wrgi‘t3Wyigidottes. Rhode Island Reds. Bose Comb

Black Minor-ens.

Yesrilnt Cocks and Cockerels

Barred Plymouth Rocks. lthodo Island Reds. White





who want i Hens for winter.

fig?“ do not 1‘33 that we can dispose of my mare





Wyandottee. Single Comb Black Mlnorvus, White a

Brown Leghorns. Anconas. -





Geese and Ducks





50 fine Young White Pokln Ducks.

ll) Young Toulouse Geese.





Allof those are pumbroed practical poultry which

dnily proves it‘s practical va no in the direct market

for oultry and is products which we have begun to

build up. ‘ .1





rythi we sell is uaranteed: every customer is

5:89 fulllygsatisfied. lgo you want some of these Y9“-

iag liens or some of the oung Ducks or Geese? ’1 hey

lore to be sold at once.



We are now making plans for a more extensive sale of

Du-Old Chicks next Spring.





HOMESTEAD FARMS. Bloomingdale, Mich.





2000 - Pullets - 2000

“200 Egg” Pedigree White Leghorns.





“Bred-today" Strain.

These vigorous. A )rll-lintvhed pullets will be laying

in a few weeks. 'I‘ eso. birds of quality are the choic-

est ever oflemd for sale. Prices in hundred lots, $1

each now—31.25 Au ust nth—41.50 September 1st—

s‘l Beptonibei-‘ggth. ook youé‘ order at once. '1 hope

ands of satisi customers. a n ogue.

MICHIGAN POULTRY FARM. Lansing, Michigan



"Michigan's Largest Poultry Farm."





 





 





Yearling liens For Breeders





8. C. white, Buff nnd Black Lechorus at “.00, each.

SUNNYBROOK FARM, - . Hillsdnlo, Mich.





 





OHN'S big beautiful lien—hatched Barred Rocks,

1 3d 1 yen. Breeding gene (5 birds) $10 to $20. Eggs

flgw; gill. $7.01rculam. hoto.Jolm Northon. ClareJlich.





 





EGGS FROM STRAIN with

Barred ROCkS: records to 297 e are a year 82

per 15. Delivered by sorrel post, prepai . Circular

tree. Fred Astling. onstantine. Mich.





 





' G e t Layers first class breed-

Bamd llock lien: .n'. i.» r... moo.

W. C. COFFMAN. R. 3 Benton Harbor, Mich.





 





‘





   





Ferris White Leghorns





A real licav laying strain. trspncsicd 1

years. recor s from 200 to 264 cfigs. . Get

our special summer prices on your log hens,

.— breeding mslcs, eggs for hatching. 8-week.

old pullers and (is old chicks. We ship‘C. 0. D. snd

guarantee results. stalog gives prices; describes stock. tell:

all about our (arm and methods; results you can get by breed-





ing this strsm. bend for your copy now—ii Is free.





GEORGE E. FERRIS at Union. Grand Rapids. Mich.





 

   

 





 

 

   

   





 





COCKERELS





Can furnish some fine Young‘s Strain White Leghorn





cockerele at $1.00to 311(1) apiece. Will make fine

breeders. W. VanAppledorn. R.7,Holland, Mich.





if

F owlers Buff Rocks. £538b2l§°3€s§£§§





8.75 for 15: 81.50 for 30; 32.00 for 50; 83.50 for 100.

R. B. FOWLER. Hartford, Mich.





 





uff Leghornl. August sale 25 hens one dollar each.

16 two dollnr hens and cool: bird £01420 00.

r





0 .William A Smith. Peceuburgfiwch.





 





laybili 8. 0. W. is horns £f¥§.'§§°r2ii3§?§éi§3§2

breeding hens new.

Pins cml 8. 6. Ihils Orpingions, :3 322.1. “3113





cocks and hens. also young cockerels. MRS. WILLIS

ROUGH. PINE CREST FARM. Royal Oak, Mich.





 





RHODB ISLAND REDS Ind PLYMOUTH ROCKS

Mules 5 to 12 lbs. according to 31682 to 86: P.R. hens

weight 5 to 10 lbs.. 6888 15 or $1.00; 100. $5120. 86.“).

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to “9 ” to 8%. 10 an: S3. A. E. Crsmton. Vassar. Mich.





ll. C. Br. lcgliorn c’krls. $1.00 each





from Koip and’Gale strains. 113.32.234.00 for 100.

MRS. CLAUD A BITI'S. Hillsdl e, Mlchlgnn





Good breeding hens at 81.50

B, and s. c. Reds. each for short time. Also

Belgian Hence. 0. E. Hurley, Ludinaton. Mich.





R 1. Red Summer Sale. Rose Comb cocksand hens.

e Bin 16 comb hens and pullets. All at bargain

ockerels after September 15th.





prices.

INTERLAKES FARM,





Box 39, Lawrence. Mich.





 





Hamburg Eggs setting 81.50 Bal-

SllVCl‘ Spangled ance season. young Belgian

Hares pedigreed 00 pair. Pedigreed Persian Kittens mat

hunters 310 each. Send stamp. Riverview Farm. Vassar. Mich.





 





O. W. Leghorn hens for breeding 81.50 each. Cock-

S'erele from trap nested stock we have them priced

$3 to Sireech. O. S. Sturtevnntk Sons, Ypsilanti, Mich





 





ILVER Golden and White_ Wyandottes. Choice

breeding stock of sale attenOct. let, a few bargains

in yearling hens. O. W. Browning. R. 2, PortlandJlich.





s c w l April Hatched. Standard Bred

- - - CEMUB- Cockerels on free ran 9 at 82.00

each. White Line Poultry Farm. Hilleda e. Mich.





 





Wayne‘s“ A... ....l.i.........5...

. or PO! . DOG I ml 1 0!

DAVID BAY. 709 Norris 8%.. Ypsilantimiohiaen.





 





 





D008





Fri lull: si sll rm. “NWT; “3:". ‘°"

w. I- ”Y. ammo. 5.].





 





 





‘ When writing to advertisers





gun Farmer.





teed F arms '





We have a special offer that will interest poultry '





m, duced without wheat.





vex-fresh Egg Farm. Ionia. Mich.-





INCE the increase in the cost of

feeding grain . to poultry, many

breeders have tried to-fln‘d some



method of reducing the cost of the ra-

tion. Wheat has been‘high in price’

and some experiments have been con-

ducted ln'an effort to produce eggs

without wheat. They seem to have

been successful in a measure but some

practical poultrymen report a serious

reduction in the number of eggs pro-

One breeder re-

cently said: “I disliked to feed wheat

at the present price and began feeding

equal parts of corn and oats. The 633

record immediately went down fifty

per cent.” He resumed wheaf’in the

ration at the end of the week and the

production within a few days returned

to its former average. Of course, this

does not prove conclusively that wheat

is necessary or unnecessary and it

looks as if every breeder will have to

determine that question by individual

investigation. Many breeders still be-

lieve that wheat is necessary, even at

the present price and they are feeding

it and making a profit on their hens.





Wheat an Essential in the Egg Ration.



In our own experience we have

found that wheat seems to have a good

effect on the egg records and without

wheat the hens have not seemed to

lay so well. In raising young stock

we find wheat very necessary in as-

sisting the birds to make a rapid

growth. If growing chicks can make

a fine development on wheat it seems

as if it is equally as valuable in mak-

ing hens lay eggs. For a time last

year I favored salvage, wheat as it

seemed a sure method of reducing the

cost of eggs. However, last winter

several poultrymen in our district ser-

iously injured their flocks'by feeding

salvage wheat and there is certainly

much danger in using it because of





sour and mouldy. I do not believe in

risking the use of salvage wheat on a

flock that is good enough to make a

profit on first-class grain.



Some poultrymen use screenings as

poultry feed as there is some saving

in such a purchase, although the sav-

ing is not as great as many have

thought. There is nothing like first-

class sound grain for poultry feed and

it is difficult to find a substitute for

first-class wheat. ‘



Beef Scrap an Economical Food.



Beef scrap has not increased in

price to any extent and the use of high-

grade beef scrap can be recommended

in the ration of the laying hen. Sour

milk should be used whenever it can

be produced on the home farm or pur-

chased of neighbors. Frequently neigh-

bors having a surplus of sour milk

will be willing to sell it at a very rea-

sonable price and it is an excellent

feed for the laying flock. Milk depots

and creameries sometimes have a sup-

ply of sour milk which they will gladly

sell the poultryman for a fair price.



The farmer who is feeding high-

priced grain to hens must remember

that grain should not form their entire

ration. 'Now is the time to prepare

for a supply of green food next winter.

Mangels can be grown in large quanti-

ties on a small patch of ground and

they will save money in the winter ra-

tion and enable the hen to lay more

eggs. Clover and alfalfa make excel-

lent green food in, the Winter ration

and help to reduce the cost of produc‘

ing eggs.



Good Cheap Feeds Not Available.



In general this problem of reducing

the cost of feeding hens is difficult to

solve. It must be considered from an-

other angle. Corn and oats are almost

as expensive as wheat and they are

necessary in the ration. Wheat is high

but it has an important place. I often

believe, that we must feed ourflocks

exactly as we ,fed them before the

present high prices of grain and de-





 





pend on. av better: price4for our eggs





the danger of feeding grain that is,





The best method offlghting the high

cost of grain is to cull severely and im-

prove the quality of the hens that are

to eat the grain. ' There was no ofit

in keeping poor hens even on C can

grain and of course this is doubly

true under present conditions.



Some experiments recently conduct-

ed by the Department of Agriculture

prove that good egg‘records can be

obtained by using corn and oats as a.

scratch mixture if they are given a.

mash in addition which contains twen-

tyvfive per cent beef scrap. We have

never fed our hens as much as twenty-

flve per cent beef Scrap in themash

and will try it. Possibly we have not





given the flocks a fair trial Without'





wheat and maybe we have become

prejudiced in favor of wheat because

of good results from it in past years.

It seems that every farmer has to fig-

ure out these things for himself, de-

pending somewhat on local conditions

although the results of the experiment

stations are of great value and much

appreciated. It will be interesting to

know the experiences of farmers in

managing their flocks without wheat

and also if good results can be obtain-

ed in raising young stock with no

wheat in the ration.





Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





 





DOES THE FARM HEN PAY?





 





A farm hen which will .earn $3.47

above her feed cost is a valuable as-

set. M. P. Hollar, of Missouri, had

133 hens which averaged that amount

for a year, according to figures sup-

plied by him to the University of Mis-

souri College of Agriculture. Mr. Hol-

lar started his test April 1, 1916, and

produced during the twelve succeeding

months $468.84 worth of eggs and

$235.60 worth of birds. His feed cost

for the year was $242.05, which left a

net profit of $462.39. His hens aver-

aged 141 eggs during the year.



Some farmers contend that poultry

is profitable only when it lives on

waste material and that feeding will

result in loss. The college has been

co—operating with a few farmers in the

state to determine what returns may

be expected from a well managed flock

on the average farm. Records on all

the flocks have not beencompiled but

reports which have been received indi-

cate that proper feeding methods will





return a worth-while profit. I





Two other records are not so good

as that made by Mr. Hollar, but they

show that the birds returned a good

profit above the feed cost. Mrs. Nim-

rod Nance had 240 hens and produced

$295.02 worth of eggs and $285.63

worth of birds. The feed cost for the

year was $246.08 which left a net prof-

it of $334.57. Her hens averaged nine-

ty-five eggs each and she realized a

net profit of $1.39 on each bird.



Mrs. H. R. Spaht produced $197.46

worth of eggs and $258.66 worth of

poultry from her flock of 160 hens. She

spent $217.59 for feed. This gave her

a profit of $238.53 over feed cost which

gives an average profit of $1.49 per

hen. The hens averaged eighty-eight

eggs each. ' ,



These three records are the only

ones that are complete for a year but

a number of other co-operators have





started keeping a profit and cost 8.0- .





count of other poultry and all are ob-

taining good returns on the money in-

vested. - ’





CAPONlZE LATE HATCHED COCK-

ERELS.





 





“It is my judgment that capons will

bring more money this year than ever

before”, says Herbert Brownell, pres-

ident of the Ohio Poultry 8:, Egg Ship-

pers’ Association, concerning poultry





prices. There is only one possible.

kindgof figuring that could lead‘toen-y.





qtance to the house from below.





. rabble: airs looking for a. cheaper kind





of fo‘odél This. might lead some {to

think, that cepons, would be cheaper

because people. will turn to cheaper

meats.’ On the other hand, the same

argument leads me to believe that

capons will .be very high. We find

that on account of the high price of

turkeys, people have turned to capone,

because a. good capon weighs less than

u good-turkey and a good company din-

ner can. be produced cheaper with ca.-

pon than with turkey.





“I think one will find on examina-‘





tion that all cheaper kinds of food

have risen in price much faster than

the high-priced kinds. I know of no

poultry that'has risen in price so fast

as old roosters; but, taking the whole

situation into consideration, I believe





capons will be higher priced this year -





than ever before.”



The principal advantages of capon—

izing, according to the College of Ag-

riculture, are that the capons grow

larger than cockerels, make more ec0~

nomlcal growth, are more easily hand—

led, sell for higher prices and are

more economical for the consumer on

account of less waste in dressing and

cooking. In addition, the flesh is of

better quality.



A statement from the college says:

“Do not sell late-hatched cockerels as

broilers unless of the Leghorn or other

light weight breeds. Caponize them

and market after the holidays at

weights of six to ten pounds each. In-

crease the supply of poultry meat and

make a larger profit on the chickens

you raise.”





QUALITIES OF A POULTRY HOUSE.





 





The question, “How much open front

and how much glass should be em.

ployed?” is one arising frequently in.

the mind of the builder of a poultry

house. A house twenty .feet by twenty

feet, or having a floor area. of 400

square feet and intended to house 100

hens for winter, should have fifty

square feet of wire screen, one-fourth

inch mesh, and twenty-five square feet

of glass. An opening twenty feet long

and two and one‘half feet wide, placed

ten inches from the floor is about right.

Cover this opening with one—fourth~

inch mesh galvanized wire, the kind of

screen used by masons for sifting

sand. The use of this mesh prevents

snow from drifting through. and keeps

the rain from beating in. Four window

sashes, with nine lights, each eight by

ten inches, will serve for windows.

Place the windows either above the

screen or in the west end of the

house. ’ .



Use a good gravel floor, one that ca

and will be renewed every year, or use

boards or cement. If gravel is em-





ployed, cover the floor with one-inch _





mesh poultry wire and then fill in eight

to ten inches of gravel. This wire

will prevent rats from gaining admit-

If a.

board floor is used, put the house up

ten inches to afoot above the ground

and leave it open beneath. If a ce-





'ment floor is used, build it with a





rough surface and' cover’it eight to ten

inches deep with straw.

Ag. Col. Prof. C. H- BTRGEss.





POULTRY NOTES.





 





As the chicks grow they need more

room. It does not' pay to let them

crowd. _



Beware of musty, mouldy, sour, or

decayed food.» .It is sure to cause

trouble. _ . . “ >



Tough grass is of no value as a

green food. . Better sow some quick-

growing crop. , ,- ' .



Feed hoppersgreatly reduce work.





,1: they are kept filled,» the Chickens

.will never go hungry. ._ . ,



. It youmhiskens- ereinqt. 51011.1: Mei!

something is wrong 1

and for; om in sin sum “





   





Lookou. r,





1‘. .W ' 1 .1.

9- ‘9- ‘”:J ‘pvaél‘sircr
“ s.





A _ ~ unmummmmm

BY w. e. um, v. 3.





 





.

."vx

\





connucrm





Pigs Have Piles.-—Have two pigs

that weigh 30 or 40 pounds, which‘ are

troubled with piles. Their posture is

oats, field peas and rape, with mid-

dlings for grain. E. K., Adrian, Mich.

-—Dissolve 1 oz. of acetate of lead, 1

oz.‘ of sulphate of zinc and 1 oz. of tan-

nic acid in a quart of water and apply

to piles twice daily. Surgical removal

is very often the best and only success-

ful treatment for an ailment of this

kind.



Chronic Cough—Asthma.—l have a

mare twelve years old with a chronic

cough. She has coughing spells and

almost chokes; breathes much like a

horse that has a bad attack of heaves.

The moment her throat is pinched she

commences to cough. Mrs. E. R. .,

Birmingham, Mich. Apply equal parts

of turpentine, aqua ammonia and raw

linseed oil to throat twice a week, or

as‘often as you believe it necessary.

Give her 1 oz. of glyco heroin at a

dose in feed or drinking water three

tunes a day. Feed no clover or dusty,

musty, badly cured fodder; grain and

grass is the best summer feed you can

feed her.



Bone Spavin.—Some time ago I

wrote you regarding a case of lame-

ness which our local Vet. and myself

located in whirlbone, but you thought

we were mistaken. Now, .we are sat-

:lsfled that the horse suffers from bone

spavin lameness and would like to

know what remedy you recommend.

C. Y., Harrisville, Mich—First of all,

when treating bone spavin lameness,

it is well to keep in mind that if the

ailment is not hereditary, it is usually

brought on by heavy pulling, accident-

al injury, or concussion; therefore, an

important part of the treatment is‘ ab-

solute rest. Clip hair off and'apply

one part red iodide mercury and four

parts fresh lard every two weeks. It

is unfair or rather unreasonable to

expect a remedy to effect a cure, if the

horse is worked or exercised.



Hernia—My four-year-old cow which

has been fresh about a month, is show-

ing a soft bunch around the navel

about the size of two hands and is

three inches. deep in the center. When

this bunch is squeezed, it feels as

though it contained liquid. There 1s

also a hard swelling about six inches

wide running back of fore leg to this

softbunch. This hard bunch is a lit-

tle tender. The cow bore twins, clean-

ed well and seems to be in good health

now. J. W. 8., Portland, Mich—I am

sOmewhat inclined to believe that the

bunch near navel may be hernial; 1f

so,.it had better be left alone. The

cow milked until she goes dry then

fattened; however, if the bunc con-

tains fluid, it should be opened, 1ts

contents allowed to escape, then she

will soon get well. A case of this kind





 

 





1'





 





 





!

i





should be examined by a person capa-‘





ble of differentiating between an ab-

scess and a rupture. Give the cow 1

dr. of potassium iodide at a dose in

feed or drinking water twice a day.

This medicine will act as an absorb-

ent and has a tendency to reduce the

bunches.



Navel Infection—I have a colt seven

weeks old which appeared to be_well

and lively at birth and remained in

this condition for a week. Soon after

that I noticed it had a leaky navel.

Our local Vet. treated colt but it grew

weaker and weaker, and has remained

down ever since. The navel has net

yet healed andl Would like to know if

the colt can be saved. Mrs. J. H. L.,

Mancelona, Mich—Give your colt 5

grs. of quinine, 5 drops fluid extract

of. nux vomica and 60 drops tincture

gentian at a dose three times a day.

Paint navel with tincture iodine occa‘





sionally and dust on boric acid freely.-





You could have prevented this colt’s

sickness by treating its navel at time

of birth, but the writer is inclined to

believe that your colt will not recover.

A case of this kind should be treated

by your Vet.



Bruised Hock.—-Impure Blood.——I

have a four-year-old gelding that has





a badly swollen hock joint with the,





swelling extending upward. This en-

largement is not painful, not feverish,

ad was caused from kicking the stall

posts, when stabled, some time ago.

This same horse has been bothered

with surfeit buds, especially when in

a heated condition. Our local Vet. pre-

scribed equal parts of saltpeter and

ashes for his blood. Showering with

cold water and liniment to be applied

31 hock. 0, A. 0..» Williamsburg.

« x'cht— pp‘iy equal parts tincture of

iodine,

:gockfind leg. fthree times It: melon Ed";

,im .'rs.o~ ssumo ea

3 uric-era





. Monet a dose'in

or king'watertwrioeaday.





 





 





camphorated oil to swollen .,





“3 llolstein letters





 





"our 7 Buns





From cows with A. R. 0. records—Sired

by 3. Son of Spring Farm King Ponti-

ac . ,

The Great Young Holstein Bull

His first 14 tested daughters average

over 20 pounds butter in 7 da 5.

The past year there were 14 ulls sold

for 010,000 or more. .

The half sisters of the sire of these

bulls, I have for sale, won as much rize

mone , as all the daughters of hose

soéd or 810,000 combined. Priced from

up. -

Bigelow’s Holstein Farms,

Breedsville, Mich.





King Korndyko Sadie Vale





has Zgrandsons from 17 lb. and 28 lb. 3 1‘. old dams for

sale or for veal within 2 weeks. Born ch. 8 and July

81. l’rice860 and .150. A. B. Eastman, Howell. Mich.





A Yearling Heifer. ure bred Hol-

For sale stein. Sire, Colentha ohanna Cream-

elle Led, Dem, Elizabeth 8055s Lyons. If you want

something good. write, Geo. . Clarko, Vassar. Mich.





I Always Have Holsteins

To Sell





If wanting Registered cattle write me your wants

before placing your order elsewhere.





L. E. CONNELL, Fayette, Ohio





A ll0LSTElN BULL





ready for service from a MA“ lb. A daughter 'of King

Sills and a 30-30 lb. bull for 8150. Have several at 88).

Some higher. Long Beach Farm, Augusto. Mich.





Butter Fat Counts





Holstein Bull Calves from a 30 lb. 6.63 i Hire. Dam

are rand daughters of the King of the Pontiace.

the rdams rand dau hters of Scale VelsConcordtn

the tint 301 . cow. dwln S. Lewis, Marshall.Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Friesiun Heifers. 3 to 6





ROSIStgred HOlSteln mos. old. Home from 30111.

sires. Priced to sell. Fred J. Lange. Sebewuing, Mich.





 





30.21 lbs. Hire. Their dam'u

dam A. It. 0. sister to dam

of 35 lb. row. bred to 9‘ brother to 30 lb.4 yr. old. Terms

it wanted. M. L. MoLAULIN. Redford. Michigan.





 





hoi fore and heifer oalveo..





Registered Cows, I...

ced bl .

bre‘dlng and goodtndividuals. B. B. n23323f‘iurgn.N3ifh‘i





on our Easy Payment Plan ‘3,““3512423





Holstein Bull calf in our stables. Prices from 850 up.





 





 





Ypsiland Farms. Ypsilanti. Michigan.

f . . .

muxuun HERD nun can: assess.





prices. JOHN A. RlNKE, Warren. Mich.





2‘Reg Holstei 7 dd



F". :‘h on So. t 7 “all cogs“ years 01 ueto fresh-

. . k d .



o. L. HULET s SON, Okoemogiuhicii.p"°e "gm





REG. Holstein Bull Calf. The last one until winter.

a good one with A. ll. 0. backing. Write for ed-

Elmor E. Smith, Redford. ich.

two months old. Dem sixty pounds





milk A. R. 0. Site from 301i. .

A. R. GRAHAM. rum, Mia’s?"

Sire‘s





stored Holstein bull calf.

twenty nearest ems have 7. da. records av. 25.53 lb.





butter. Dam to be tested. A finely marked. growth

lndlvldul. Long Veiw lsrm. R. 3.Box lo A. Rochester, Mich}:





HEREFOR‘DS.





Sires in service, Governor by Prince

Donald Militant Farmer by Farmer

(Imp), Bonnie Brae Jr. by Bonnie

Brae 24th. Inspection invited.



ALLEN 3308., PAW PAW, MlCll.





'alllall Fifty head high grade Hereford hei_fers—~

. Calves or year-hugs. Kindly Specify breeding

and price, W. E. MOSS, 710 Union Trust Bldg.





For. Sale





ford bull.





 





 





ignee and price.





Holslsin lull Cali





 





FOB. Sale One re





 





 





 





50head of high grade Hereford breeding

cows. 2 to 6 cars old. Also registered Hero-

Henry F. ohesk M. D., Napoleon, Ohio.





Dairymen !





‘1 -—The Truth





You may be preiudiced against

the Jersey suse you don't





know her.” Loolrh . h '

the Money C'o'w.ct up 5 e '





G tTh' B l: '

thchreedu oo —shnst:oryof





. nasal?“ of velry inter-

atmg t is all. t

Thig conclsfn'vdy that [31:31:11 da‘iry mg?

only pr choc, n '

300k ”infill massif}, a; fee? and staff:

— ese com

my... .11. 1.1.7.13. 5.33.3.1: w"

Cattle us free. Get your copy now.

find It mighty good reading.





The American J erseyCattle Club

346 West 23rd Street, New York City





c

0“





 





 





fromhi - rod oi d ‘. i

J."., Bull,“ 8... teeth: “A220. Swill-fill: d:

semioflleinl test. 0. I. We nor. 3. 8. Allegcn. Mich

Jerse ' Inns for sale. ready for service. Out of



good producing dams. Pricesri ht.



R. B. OWLER. Hartford. Mfch.





O

Hillside Farm Jerseys. mrbgffgmtggd 310,333





sides by B. of M. dams with. high official reco .

0. t 0. QEAKE. - Y ilsnti. Michigan





lusts ltill Faro tlsglstsml Jersey Grills





Stock under 2% years All sold!

J. I. Worthinton. R. o. 7. Lens . Mich





The Wfldwood Farm





'nmu‘rurm bredMeststiofJ n.

Horton I. die test.’Tub?rcultn?u?-ed. 3333:1933.





 





   





‘4. . .





Jerseys and





 





Breakwater offers to sell a few

H. w. mouse”).

ownsa





 





Ann Arbor.





llllc Farmstead Jerso‘y Cattle. ’ Bull calves from R

of M. Cows. also he 6 :- cslvcs and several bred

Colon . Lillie. Coopersvtllc. Mich





heifers for sale.



Two re lstered Jerseys bull calvesSplon-

For ‘1'. did lndt‘vlduuls. Good sod! recs. Priced to

sell. Long Velw Farm. R. 3,110: l A. ochester. Mich.





R. of‘M. Jerse herd offers for sale



Mla e Idahnlef tuberculin teszfd cam: btull‘ls. fb‘lJ/ll

e or as ves. our e cs .0 .



gIobd-ofut‘he breed. mvm 3051’. Allegnn. men.





 





T. Clair County Jersey Cattle Club. We have for sale

S Bulls old enough for service and llull calves, from

best stains of Jersey Cattle. Majesty‘s. Noble of Oak-

lands. Combination s Premier. etc. Write for Podi-

gress.prtco snd particulars. Frmt A. Brannon. Soc .Cspnc.Mlch





also a few Du-





Notten Farm Jerseys m, Jam, ,1...





forsalc. NOTTEN FARM. Grass Luke. Mich.



Shorthom Cattle oi both Sex tor Sale

W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.



FOR Sale—Re . Short Horn Bulls by Mestlton





Monarch 2n . a son of Avondnle. from 1 to 9 mos.

old. John Schmidt. Reed City, R. No. 6. Michigan,





 





 

 





Francisco Farm Shorthorns

Big Type Poland Chinas





“Thefi' ro rugged——'i‘hoy pay the rent."

othlng for sale at present.

P. P. POPE R. R. 3 Mt. Pleasant Mich.





 





   





 





 





solo. in» 0. Mn is our motto. Alvin Holden. opp-c. men.





Bidwall Shonhorns





“For Beef and Milk”





This heifer at 6 months has bone,

size and quality-0nrown breeding.

The blood of Scotch bulls. Imp.

Hhenstone Albino and Imp. Villag-

er Registered stock always for sale.





l alnwm :Iocx run.

180: B.‘ Tecumseh, Mlchl‘sn.

FOR SALE megawatts:sea-.23.:





Prices reasonable or exchange for pure Percheron

mares. GEORGE SEELEY, West Branch. R. 2. Mich.





 





 





Duroc Jerseys





"PM no“: important thing in buying s Jersey bull is to get one backed up by generations of high

9 ucers.





BROOKWATER FARM





 

 





 





choice bull calves of this kind.





0. P. FOSTER.

MAN AGIR





 





 





Mich. , R. 7.





Some and glitch d to E rein Cherry Kl

Duroc and Crimson Crt‘t‘lc son 3! Critic Model mild

champion Iowa Fair. W. . Taylor. Milan. Mich.





Fall Hours a Gilts all sold.

Ihsvo some extra good heavy

ale pairs not akin.





Duroc Jerseys.

boned springbpltgs for

BO 9





 





I". J. D ll. 1. Monroe. Mlchlgnn.

I 7 . Pl 9 at woanln time-

Dablon 8 Durocs’ (signer sex, lent of





breeding. Collie Pups. ()rlo L. Dobson. Quincy. Mich.

A few choice spring boot".





D U R 0C 8 Write for description aprico-





E. l). KEYBENBEHK. Wnylnnd, Mich.





 





Reg. Duroc Spring Boers iii“.

ford [lam Lambs ready to ship. Esp. Paid. FineStmvk.

J. B. HICKS, St. Johns. Mich.





 





' Good 8 ring pins by Defondor’u

DU ['00 S, (iherr ing at reasonable prices'

E. E. Cnlklns. ll. D. 8. Ann Arbor. Michigan.





 





few good moles sired by Joe Orion 2nd

or by Orion Ch. Kin Jr





A

Burns: m, ,

A. FLE ING. Luke. Mich.





Raise Chester Whites 3

Like This





/ ,r . :2 theodginol big prod





ucers-

,, ,, .

, /

//





 





. .

.. ' ‘7 I l "

a: s . , a! ' '> .





I HAVE started thousands of breeders on the

success. 1 can help you. I want to

my great hard in every community where

race ted b these fine early developers—ready for m-rkel n.

all Write for my plan— '





road to

place one lgfi from

urn not nlr y reg

s

orn Money from Hm.’





a. s. Humans, 3,11). 10. Portland,Mtchigan





mon





 





 





Bred Gilts all 5“ id. Special prices on

Cheaters March boars. slim 6 months Holstein

Bull. F. W. ALEXANDER. Vassar. Mich.





 





—-Dniryor beef bred. Breeding stock all

Shorlhom: ages female at farmers prices. C.W.Crum,

Secy. Cent. ”ich.. Shortbom Breedd-rs' Assn. McBride. Iich.



Lar out and best





Richland Shorthorns he mm, m...

Tuberculin Tested by the state. IMP. Lorne one of

the Sires in service. Entire Herd of Reg. Angus cattle,

including the show cattle for sale at n bargain. Molt-



lv Ericas and Blackbirdn.

ffice anss City, Mich. Herd at. Prescott. Mich.

o. H. PRESCOTT a SONS.





 





 





Sher-thorns Bulls 3 mo. to 2 years old



For sale from end milking cows.



KR. Clyde Station. i J. DeGsrmo. R... 6. lllford. lien.

Maple Ridge Herd, Est-l»





SHORTHORNS lished 1557. No stock for

sale. J. E. Tencwcll. Meson. Michigan.

horthorns for sale. 5 bulls Scotch to 10 to 14 mos..

S3 roan, 1 white 1 red. rice 8150. to $258.1son of Max-

wslton Sultan. Ill mos. £150. 0. Carlson. Leroy. Mich,

Cattle For Sale





Loads feeders and two leads yearling steers. Also

can show you any number 1. 2 and 3 years old fron





 





2





 





 





 





600 to 1200 lbs. Isaac Shnnstum. Fairfleld. Iowa. R-8.



F0 R S A L E Registered Brown



Swim bulls old enou h



for service. LAMB 13808.. Springport, Mic .

H008.





 





Duroc: and Victorian





Heavy bone. lengthy Spring Bears and Gilts from prize

winners sired by one of the best Sons of the Great De-

fender A other noted strains. M. T. STORY, Lowell. flich.





BERKSHIRES





We Are Not Going to Show This

Year and Therefore Offer:





A few choice boars and sows from our Champion

and first prize Sows at State Fair 1916. These pigs

are mostly April farrow. They cannot be beat for

type. You do not often have the opportuntiy of

purchasing this class of spring pigs.



They will be large enough for breeeding and

servaoc by December. We can furnish atrio un-

related.



All stock guaranteed as represented





SWIGARTDALE FARM





PETERSBURG, MICH.





Berkshires, £3.25? R‘s’llf§:.‘i'f’ ’“h‘iiiidi‘é?

erkshires.





STOCK ARM. Almont, Mich.

Also Spring





able age. reg.

' ' going fast 815.“) it 820.“)

BerkShlre Pigs three months old. Regigggk





ed & transferred. richly bred. Biverview Form, Vussrlich.

D u r0 c J e rse





S

Sprin lg either sex. not akin. Sired E, J l

Pilot Won er and Orion Chief Perfectiony. VVerIiEegg:





igrees and rices. The Jenni F ,

Shoesmith emailing“. Bailey.





Mm



ich. V. M.



Duroc Jerseys b”‘,‘...:‘.’.‘“.,‘:§..;'"°

Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings. Mich.





 





 





 





Bred gilts and sows for fall farmwing.

813s, either sex. A few boars service-

hose Stool: Fol-mull. l. Mariette. Mich.





 





 





 





lned b

Duroc Seem 2loan-s in... 5.311% 03:...





Amerl our old b

Rival $1: to furrow ov. lat. “(1:110:13 $2151“





M .v mini :2.

fiwronn'lunmrr. SaJohns. Mich.

D Ono Yearling Che





I 31.3,! 1300 tsbe Ki"

row. .1. n. muons“. Em £321... mail? .11 “"





Big Type 0. I. C’s, & Chester Whites





S ecial )rices on all boar pigs for the next so days.

ill sel Hows only when bought in pairs. hose

pigs are si red by our three Champion hours that have

not an equal in the country. School master King of

the breed Crandells wonder & Galloway Edd both

champicglel stock shipped on approval. satisfaction



gusrnnte d. Get our catalogue.

Harry ’1‘. Crendell A Son,





0. I. C. & Chester White Swine





Strictly Big Tgpe, with qualit . One yearlinlsowltwo

lite bred for ept. farrow ruarsntoed safe with pi

have the finest lot of early Spring pigs Iever raised:



con furnish a few in mire not akin. Ad. eon.



NEWMAN'S iS’l‘OC IFARM. Mariette. Mich. B. 1.



An extra fine lot of last spring



0- i- C- pigs, either sex and not skin. from



and. growthy stoc . Farm 54 mile west of depot.

ttoB.8chulze. - - Nashville. Mich.





CHOICE SPRING PIGS





. Ready to ship. The big smooth. growthy

type. sired by noted boars. Registered

and shipped C. O. D.

J. CARL JEWE l"l', Mason,Mich.





O I. 0. Hours and Gilts all sold.I am boohin orders

.for March and April pi either cox. sing e. or in

pairs not skin. A. J. BAR. ER, Belmont, Mich.R.R.





0 l C Thorough bred O. I. C. Swine all

0 o 0 so d out except fall pigs.



0.D.Somervlll. Gross e. ich. B. . .

Allsold. Booking orders. for the





9

0‘ l' C s‘ best of our winter and spring plgl.

C. J. THOMPSON, - - Rockford. Michigan

Spring pi and Rec. Holstein

CL





Cass City, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





D

0' 1' C 8' fmmfitog months old.

LEAF STOCK FARM. R. 1.





P. G. SWINE





heifers

O V E B





 





Monroe. Mich.

Big boned A r. boars. So

bred for fall, furrow. Satiris-

R. W. Mills. SellM.Mich.





faction guranteed.



9 Gilts bred for Aug. and Se t.

0' I' C' 5‘ farrow. Alsoa fewt-hoices rigig

farrowed boar pigs. Geo. P. Andrews. Dansvllle. ich.





 





 





O I C. boar pigsotha fall-row. Wifllbesuitable

' ' or service y. 0v. st. S tls cti .

lnteed . ROSSMAN BROS. fiakefiew?nfi‘llgh.





 





BIB TYPE POLAND GHINAS





Boar Pigs from the CHAMPION d GR .

PION and our other GREAT midi) sofggdfifli

STRETCHY SOWS of very best breeding and indivi -





unlit“

ILLCRES; FARM, F.





. La M .

flamenco, Mich. " fl





6‘ '

B W a r l s ”

o is starvation. every one should do h ‘ ’

can raise more porkpn less feed if you brgh‘dtgiitlzg’:

big type Poland Chlnas. Sows bred for fall furrow

Bonn; ready for service. J. c. aU'rum Port;

lend. meme-n. Bel' Phone '





Large T pe P. C.





Fall pin and 1) Its 33:0”. N thl

resent. W. E. L INGSTON,_ OPAB [AirgI‘IlCfif

April and May igs. heal-





p

Bi lyps Poland China:-

rigght. L. w. BARNES a sdlfif fithnfhl'c‘h." mm





ABGE Strain P. C. everything sold

L curling boar that is long. tall A deepIIg‘ifigdh‘dlg





 





 





fol boar. H. O. SWARTZ. Schoolcraft. Mich.

ARGE t P. C. S '

Lbred to grow in Aome ve chmce summer





st. ill sell 1 of I .

W. . Hagelshnw. Aug-11151;: fills:





’ Poland Chin I ll d pigs

81:6ng Shled at formers DR”? Sn Film I

. per 15. rt Neva. Pierson, Mic .





PO‘LAHD China bred tilts all sold. still hes. some





‘ fell pigs of large and edi -

on prices. I. 1’). LONG. B. 8. “Gnu-id‘dhfidxgitc-h.





Sept. fnmw. either





“I I”. ”I“ WI“ ed by Jumbo Wood'hib'id.’





hog. A. A. woon a sort. sum. uninsu-





lll Tm Poland this: "°“ “°" may “We buy

a. w. BOLTON. ufi'h'l'iicfif “flame”.





Additional Stock Ads on Page 151 ‘ .





herd boars.
" * i'ma-gzass..a..ay *





The Sundries





Have the Confidence of Motorists Everywhere





‘ - ._ i ' —-a confidence bred by years of thorough

' acquaintance with Fisk quality and de-





pendability.





In the purchase ofsuch products hear in mind that depend-





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





standard of value.





~~~~~ - _ ' _ _ This .Newfcementless Patch

' ..... " Is an Evidence‘of





‘Fisk Initiative





been characteristic of the Fisk

Company nearlytwentyyears.

The Fisk Molded Patch is

diamond shaped. it will cover

a larger cut, but, because all

waste rubber is eliminated,

costs less. it has strength





Tube Splice:

Pure Para Cement Ah H036

(in tubes, large and small Fabric Patches

an") Tire Tape

Repair Kits Fabrics





Emergency Patches





W





 





a

I

E

r-

4.—

3

3

b_z





. a 222





"Il/IIIIIIIIIIIIII-





\_umuum an!“





i





 





in ”the Sundry Field





—an aggressiveness that has,





able quality is absolutely essential. A patch that won ’t

stick is worthless—a cement that doesn’t hold is worse

_ than none at all. To spend money for sundries just'be-

cause they are cheap is like buying shoes with paper soles.





Every Fisk Sundry made is backed by the Fisk

trademark of highest quality and economy, and the

pride of the manufacturer in: maintaining-this high





When you buy Fisk Sundries you pay a trifle more

in some cases—but you get what you pay for and you

can bank upon the quality of what you buy. That is

the essence of true economy and sensible buying.





\\





where strength is needed—-

built up heavy in the center.

Can be applied easily and





   





(when you put it on your tube





you know it will stick. Un-

questionably the most efficient

and best value cementless

patch on the market.





6' for 25c-A New Patch—A New Package—A New Price-6 for 25¢





Fisk Sundries include besides the above :





Air Bags Uncured Stocks

Air Valves Valve Pads



Bead Mold Filler Bead Strips



Flaps Soapstone

VulcanizingCement Bead Cavity Filler





' THE FISK RUBBER COMPANY

of N. Y. ‘





General pffiees: Chicopee Falls, Mask





Fisk Branches in Detroit,Grand .Rapids, Saginaw,



Toledo, Dayton, Lima. South Bend, Fort Wayne,



Indianapolis and Chicago (4 Branches). .

Fisk Dealers Everywhere (I)





 

 





.71”, .1 .- lfiuflnt‘sEr‘. ~. , mg. . .





R





’