‘V. ’

is;





 





 





 





 





i. : ——-—-——. .-





 





 





VOL. CXXXIV. No.15.

Whole Number 3498.





FARM NOTES.





 





Planning and Execution of the~$pring



' Work.



While the plans for the season’s cam-

paign-have doubtless been made in a. gen-

eral way for some time, yet when the

season comes for putting them into exe-

cution, these plans nearly always have

to be changed somewhat owing to un-

locked for conditions or complications.

This year, for instance, with the exceed-

ingly warm March weather, is an ex-

ample of the unexpected conditions which

are often met with and which necessi-

tate' the alteration of previously laid

plans to some extent. XVhen the season

crowds and there are many things which

should be done at once, it is an important

factor in good business management of

the farm that the most important task

be given precedence. Consequently the

man who has his work best in hand and

who is able to decide quickly and logically

this question of the relative importance

of different tasks, which demand early

accomplishment, is the man whose neigh-

bors envy because he is always well ahead

with the season’s work. What

when'”t‘li§"'weather is fine and conditions

are ideal for forwarding the spring work,

is true to an even greater extent

when unfavorable weather conditions

come and the regular routine of work is

unavoidably broken up on this account.

Then this faculty of good management is

at an even greater premium than under

conditions which have prevailed during

the early part of this spring. This ques~

tion of planning and executing the spring

work from day to day and week to week

is one which can not be too closely stud-

ied by the average farmer, since a clear

perception of the relative importance of

the tasks in hand is a prime factor in the

ultimate results of the season’s work.



' Applying Lime.



The field we are putting into oats this

spring will be sown to wheat next fall

and seeded to clover next spring. We

wish to apply lime to benefit the clover

especially. Which would be best, to apply

now with the oats or to apply next fall

with the wheat? Would it help the oats

much? How shall we apply it, not having

a drill? The soil varies from clay loam

to stiff yellow clay.



Van Buren Co. E. I. \V.





Our knowledge of the question of liming

soils is thite limited notwithstanding the

fact that the practice has been followed

to some extent for a great many years

However, in a case of this kind is the

writer’s opinion that the best time to





is true.





 





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural and





 





 





DETROIT MICI‘L. SATURDAY. APRIL 9. I910.





 





Reinforcing a Wall with Concrete.





apply the lime would be the spring, since

the soil would be helped mechanically,

which would probably be beneficial to the

oats. It is claimed by some who have

used lime on oats that they are bene-

fited materially by its application. Prob-

ably the principal benefit to the clover

plant and other legumes from the applica-

tion of lime is due to the fact that lime

gives the soil an alkaline re-action which

is favorable to the presence and activity

of the bacteria peculiar to and essential

for the success of the clover plant. Hence

the earlier this physical condition of the

soil can be brought about the better for

the prospective crop of clover and, as the

effect of lime upon the soil is supposed to

last for some years, it is probable that

the results on the clover sown in the

wheat would be quite as good in case

the lime was applied this spring to the

oats as would be the case if it were ap-

plied to the wheat in the fall. However,

there would undoubtedly be a beneficial

effect upon the clover if it were applied.





 





 





(See Concrete Wall Reinforcement, page 394).





at either time, provided the soil is in an

acid conditions or provided the clay spots

need the fiooeulating effect of the lime

to place them in a better mechanical

condition. The writer hopes to know

more about the benefits to be derived from

applying lime to the soil during the com-

ing year, having planned some experi-

ments to determine its value on differ-

ent crops.

Destroying Weevil.





Would you please give me through the

columns of the Michigan Farmer, a treat-

ment that will destrOy the bugs which

have attacked my seed field peas?



Oakland C0. G. O. L.





The most effective remedy for destroy-

ing weevil in peas as well as other grain

is carbon bisulphide. This is a colorless

and odorless liquid which is very volatile,

being readily converted into gas on ex~

posure to air, the gas being destructive

to insect life. The method of treatment

is to pour the liquid into shallow dishes

and set same on the grain, which should

be confined in a tight bin or box for the





Live Stock Journal in the State.





75 CENTS A YEAR

”.50 THREE YEARS





purpose. The gas produced by the liquid

is heavier than air and will settle dowu

through the bin, which should be made as

tight as "possible and be kept closed for

24 to 48 hours. This gas is highly in-

flammable and care should be taken not

to go near it with a lighted lantern until

after the bin or granary has been thor-

oughly aired out. It should be used at

the rate of one pound to 100 bushels of

grain. where the grain nearly fills the

box or bin in which it is treated. \Vhere

is treated in a large granary





the grain

with considerable unoccupied space, a.

larger amount of the liquid should be





used although by covering a bin the gas

can be confined quite largely to it, but

it should be remembered that the effect~

iveness of the treatment depends quite

largely upon the thoroughness with which

the gas is confined to the area to be

treated. Where the grain is treated in a

deep bin some of the liquid may be run

down into the grain through a. gas pipe

without damage.

Sand Vetch for Michigan.





I wish to learn through your valuable

paper about sand or hairy vetch. Will

it do well in Manistee‘ county, and does

it make a good class of hay when cut

green, and do sheep do well on it? Also

what will it yield per acre and how much

seed is needed per acre?



Manistee C0. W. W.





As before stated in these columns, the

practice of sowing sand vetch upon Mich-

igan soils, which are in the condition of

fertility to grow clover successfully, is

one of questionable value. Sand vetch is

undoubtedly a good soil renovator and

will sometimes grow thriftily upon land

where it is difficult to get a catch of

clover. It is, however, inferior to the

clover as a forage crop, its trailing habits

of growth making it difficult to harvest.

It is also inclined to become a weed

where it. is grown and allowed to seed,

which fact, together with the usual high

price of the seed, has not contributed

to its popularity in this state, although it

is highly valued by the farmers of some

sections. It is a leguminous crop and to

make a profitable growth, the bacteria

peculiar to it must be present in the soil

0r supplied by inoculation. About one

bushel per acre is sown and it may be

sown either in fall or spring, but is an

annual and lasts but a single year. It

should be experimented with on a small

scale where the grower is not familiar

with it, instead of depending upon it for

the main hay crop. It is well adapted

to use as a cover crop in orchards and is

used for this purpose in some sections.





 





One of the Neat and Co





modlous





Farmssteads





Characteristic of the More Progressive Class of Michigan Farmers.





 





\
394 - 'i (2) -





CONCRETE WALL REINFORCE-

‘ MENT.





 





The use of concrete for reinforcing cel-

lar walls is so simple and effective that a

cut of a farm house where it is in use is

presented on page 1. Many farm houses

have foundation walls laid up with field

stone and lime mortar. Time has affect~

ed the wall until the mortar is well nigh

gone, leaving an unsightly foundation,

through which frost penetrates to the

cellar. Even where the walls are com-

paratively good, the sill and wall are not

closely joined and the cold winds sweep

up under, making what women call cold

floors. Banking the farm house is usu-

ally a preparation for winter, with all of

the attendant annoyance and with vary-

ing degrees of unsightliness from the use

of sawdust to stable manure. “Ilien the

spring comes the material has to be re-

moved or, as is often the case, is left to

decay and is not only unsanitary but mars

the appearance of the building. The use

of concrete is so effective and cheap that

this article is given to the Michigan

Farmer that everyone may use it. (See

first page illustration). Mixing concrete

has become so common that it is'unneces-

sary to advise on this point. The whole

of the reinforcement should not be of

concrete which in and of itself is nota

good protecting element from frost pene-

tration. A core of earth or sand, tightly

packed, makes the best core. After ex-

cavating about 12 inches for a footing,

pile the earth against the wall and tamp

well. Any of the proprietary roofings or

tar paper makes a good insulating mate-

rial on top of the earth. From three to

four inches of concrete is then applied,

the pitch being a matter of taste and

wall height. It is well to crease the com

crete, or block it every 18 inches. so that

in case of cracks they will follow the

blocking line. The application of cement

wash to finish is necessary to waterproof

the concrete and maintain the dry core.

The absence of eavc spouts or leaky

spouting does no harm, as the falling

water is deflected. There are often con-

ditions when a concrete gutter made at

the base of the reinforcement may dis—

place the use of eave troughs entirely.



While it is not always possible to protect



the cellar from surface water, yet con-



crete wall reinforcement can be of ser-

vice in this direction.

Shiawassee Co. JAs. N. MCBRIDE.





SIZE OF TILE AND LAYING OF SAME.



On reading Mr. Lillie's string method

of laying tile, in the Michigan Farmer

some time ago, I was tempted to say

something, and now, after reading Mr.

Markley’s ideas, I feel that I must say it.



With all due respect to these two writ-

ers, I want to say that there is a better

method of laying tile than by a string

over the ditch, and that is to grade the

bottom of the ditch just ahead of the

tile with a spirit level. I don’t see what

could be simpler than this, and there is

certainly no way of doing it more accu-

rately. A string is bound to sag more

or less, and water and uneven ground

will deceive the eye, hence the raise and

drop of which Mr. Markley speaks, but

none of these things affect a spirit level

in the least and if Mr. M. would like to

see a man who can lay tile without a

raise or drop, all he needs do is to find one

who lays by a spirit level, and this is a

very simple matter.



I see no reason why any man able to

work and see good can’t do this. If you

have a low spot to drain through higher

ground, run your level over it and find

how much fall you have per rod: now

level a straight-edge 16% feet long and,

supposing you ‘had a one-inch fall per

rod, just raise one end of the straight—

edge one inch, and note or mark the posi-

tion of the bead in the level; then go to

the lower end of your ditch and begin by

grading a little more than three feet of

the bottom of your ditch (according to

the marked bead), with your tile scoop,

lay two tile, stand on them, grade bottom

for two more and the length of scoop be-

sides, lay two more and so on. Be sure

and not lose any of your fall. It is better

to carry a little with you and have it to

lose on the upper end than to lack a

little.



You may have to shave the bottom sev-

eral times to get the proper grade at

first, but don’t get discouraged. After

you have graded a few spaces you will be

able to cut it nearly right at the first

out. If you grade in this way there can

be no drops or raises, which are the

cause of so many tile not working prop-

erly, and this in turn causes men to say

the tile are too small and that three-inch





 





THE MICHIGAN _ FARMER. -





tile are not worth laying, when, as a mat-

ter of factgathree-ihch tile'Weil laid ‘will





do more good than a. larger one poorly a crop of .corn‘to a slight extent,





laid. And all I have to say of a man ‘who



has to lay a four or five-inch tile to carry

a two or three-inch stream of water, is '

that there is a chance for him to learn



something, and he ought to do so before



laying many more tile, either for himSelf‘



or others.



I don't want Mr. M. or anyone else to

take it that -I think a three-inch tile is

large enough for all places, and I don’t

think that Mr. Lillie means anything of

the kind either. Now, we have two sys-

tems of about 1,200 three-inch tile each.

One has three branches and the other

four, and they are large enough, for they

run some distance through dry ground to

drain a wet spot above. Then we have

another system with four-inch main laid

many rods on dead level to get low

enough in a swamp above, and having

branches of three—inch tile in same. This

system has been working Well for several

years and is none too large. And we have

still another system of five-inch and four-

inch main and eight three-inch branches.

This one drains a lot of land and it is

surprising to see the way a five-inch tile

working right will fill an open ditch. This

five-inch was the first one laid .on the

place; laid by a man of experience in

that line, helped, watched and questioned

some by the writer. The other three sys-

tems were laid by the writer and are

working in good shape, or were until the

advent of this March drouth and Indian

summer, which has robbed them of their

job as far as drainage is concerned.



In conclusion I want to say, that I can

see no good reason why a man should lay

a six-inch tile to carry a three-inch

stream of water. Perhaps I am rather

dense, and I don't know where Mr. M.

gets his tile, but I have thought for some

time that there was a vast difference be-

tween the cost of laying a three—inch or

a six—inch as well as quite a difference in

the price per thousand, and the cost of

drawing them.





Berrien Co. F. E. DOANE.





 





THE SIZE OF TILE TO USE.





 





A Reply to A. L. Markley.



Mr. Markley’s criticism in The Farmer

of March 26, with regard to my idea of

the size of drain tile, merits a reply. He

says one of two things is evident, either

I have not very wet land to drain, or else

I never had very much experience in tile

draining. I have had observation and ex-

perience covering all my life in tile drain-

ing. My father drained our old home-

stead before t‘here was any such thing as

drain tile in this part of the country,

using boards and two-by—fours laid in the

bottom of the ditch. These finally filled

up and rotted in places so that I have had

to redrain all the fields, using tile drains.

I don’t suppose our land is as wet as

some, and yet under—draining it makes

much difference in the land for crop pro-

duction. We have about as much rainfall

in Michigan, I think, as they do in Illinois,

and consequently I think we have about

as much water to carry off, so I think

my experience there would count as well

as Mr. Markley's. I am of the opinion

that Mr. Markley does not take into con-

sideration the fact that our land in Mich-

igan is somewhat more rolling than is the

land in Illinois, and consequently we do

not have such a large area to drain into

one main drain as they do in Illinois. Now

this would make a great difference. In

all of my experience with draining, I

never used but two six—inch mains. One

of these carries the water from about 30

acres of land and some surface water

also runs into the upper end of it. The

other is a six—inch drain for a short dis-

tance and then a five-inch drain and then

a four-inch drain at the upper end for

the main drain, and this drains in the

neighborhood of 15 acres of land. In the

drainage system that receives the water

from the 30-acre area, is- one large “cat-

hole" that probably contains three acres

of land. I can remember when the water

used-to. stand three or four feet in this

hole before it was drained. Now, a four-

inch tile starts from the- six—inch and

runs up to a small cat-hole. and then a

three-inch tile runs up to the large cat-

hole mentioned. This drain has been in

operation for some 12 years. Through the

large cat-'hole are some two or three

branches, all three-indh tile that enter

into this one three-inch tile, so that really

the water from this three acres runs

through a. three-inch tile, then into a

four-inch, then into a. six-inch. I have,

after a heavy rain, seen the water stand

two'feet deep in this cat-hole and yet I

never- knew the -'water- .to. stand .long





enough there to injure a crop to amount

to; anything. One summer it did injure'

' but I

times

killed

stand





have put wheat on this field many

and never yet has the wheat been

out by the water being allowed to

too long.



Last spring I ditched 40 acres of land.

This naturally divided itself into two

systems, so that each system drained

about 20 acres. One 20 would be consid—

ered excessively wet land. It contained

three large depressions. Two of these

had never been drained in the world. All

the surface water remained in them. One

of them was wet enough so that musk-

rats built houses in it. Up to this depres~

sion, or cat-‘hole, which was not very

large, we run a. four-inch drain, and then

three short three-inch drains through the

cat—hole. Last summer after we had this

drain made we had an excessively heavy

rain and to my certain knowledge water

did not stand in this cat-hole to exceed

three hours. It all went into these three-

inch tiles and down the four—inch into

the five-inch, and the water from all of

the rest of the 20 acres run through the

five-inch main and the tile didn’t run full.

Now, I know it is good advice to encour-

age the laying of large sized tile for the

very reasons that Mr. Markley gives, but

what is the use of laying tile larger than

is necessary. He says it doesn't cost

much more to lay six-inch tile than it

does four—inch. But the first cost of six—

inch tile is double that of four. Not only

that, but it costs considerable more to

dig a ditch and bottom it up for a six-

inch tile than it does a four. You have

to throw out a great deal more dirt and

it takes more time. The point he makes

that, when tile settles, or the bottom is

not true, you don't have the full capacity

of the tile, is well taken; but, on the other

hand, I do not believe in the encourage-

ment of using large tile so that the layer

can be a little bit careless and not think

it will make much difference. The bot-‘

tom line of every ditch ought to be trued

up to‘a grade line stretched up tight over

the top of the ditch. When this is done,

there is no chance for depressions and

consequently you get the full benefit of

your tile.



The most of the land in our section is

rolling enough so that a main would not

carry the water from over ten acres.of

land, and my judgment is, both from ob-

servation and experience, that a four-inch

tile will carry all the water from a ten-

acre field and do it nicely and get it off

in time so that you will not lose any crop.

Now, if it will do this, what is the use

of laying a six-inch tile. In Illinois, from

my observation of that state in passing

through it, a great deal more territory

would be put into one tile drain system.

The main would carry the water‘ from a

great deal larger system, and I have no

doubt that while a four-inch tile might

be entirely practical and of sufficient size

to use in thiscountry, where the area

drained by a main is comparatively small.

it would not be practical in Illinois, where

it might require a six, or eight, and in

some instances a 12-inch tile. I advocate

in the Michigan Farmer what I put in

practice on my own farm and nothing

else, and if from my observation and my

experience in tile draining I did not think

that for an ordinary ten—acre field aAfour

or five-inch drain was large enough, I cer-

tainly would not advocate it, and if I

thought they were large enough I would

not advocate a man putting more money

into tile because it would be practically

money thrown away. Nevertheless, I

realize that Mr. Markley is on the safe

side in advocating large tile. He says he

would not use a three—inch tile at all.

Now, for all ordinary laterals, a three—

inch tile is just as good as four. It cart

ries all the water that comes to it and

carries it on time, so what is the use of

putting in a four—inch tile. The capacity

of tile is in proportion to the square of

its diameter. The square of the diameter

of a six-inch tile is 36 and of a three-inch

tile is nine. Now, a six-inch tile would

carry the water from only four three-incl.

tiles. In other words, if you had a main

drain with a six-inch tile, you could have

only four laterals of three-inch tile run-

ning into it, and if you use four—inch tile

fer laterls you could get no more water

through your six-inch tile than you could

by using three-inch laterals. As a. mat-

ter of fact, a six-inch tile, on land that I

have had experience in draining, would

be sufficient to carry 0?‘ the water from

a great many three-inch tile. The reason

is because there is not sufficient water

so that the six-inch, or main tile, has to

carry to its full capacity. As a matter

of fact, it takes a. good many three-inch

laterals. to. overwork at. four-ineh .tile- A





 





‘ APRIL. 9,. 1910.. ,- ,1, '





tremendous amount of water will Ii"?

through a four-inch tile.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





THE FARM HELP PROBLEM.





 





The agitation about the high cost 01’

living which brought ,out the fact that

production was being curtailed by a scar-

city of farm help in many sections does

not appear to have flooded the farmers

with applicants for farm labor. Many

farmers have not as yet been able to se~

cure help for the coming summer, and

there are very few day men to be ob—

tained in the country. There are, quite

a number in our villages and cities ready

to work in a gang at almost any job for

a part of the time, but who could not be

induced to work on a small farm for any

price. It is evident that the price of food

stuffs is not to a point where the average

city laborer is ready to forego his city

advantages, get into the country, take ad~

vantage of the fair prices prevailing, and

help to produce more foodstuffs. A farm-

er from our section succeeded in convinc-

ing a company of Chicago laborers who

were complaining at the high cost of liv-

ing that they could save considerably more

money on a farm at the prices paid .for

farm labor than they could save at their

work in the city, but he got no applica-

tions for a job. The food trusts may

need some regulating, but I believe the

law of supply and demand is the surest

regulator of the value of both foodstuffs

and farm labor.





Calhoun Co. S. B. H.





 





FERTILIZER FOR OATS.





_ I would like to ask through the Mich-

lgan Farmer what would be a. good fer-

tilizer for a piece of land I want to sow

to cats this spring. The land is light

ground and has been cleared about five

years. Part of it is hardwood land and

part is pine stump land. Sixty acres had

manure on it last year and four acres had

2.531% iiissmffé“. I fif‘ifi 5‘ b°°k m”

igid' 8 lbs.,; potaih?'31 11):, ’t3h3§?s%°ri§

wfiapirogctil‘fingngfeh- Please let me know

NeWaygo Co. SUBSCRIBER.

Using 10 lbs. of nitrogen, eight lbs. of

phosphoric acid and 31 lbs. of potash per

acre would be using more ftrtilizer to the

acre than we use here in Michigan. In

fact, I would not think it profitable to

use 10 lbs. of nitrogen and 31 lbs. of pot-

ash per acre. Not that this would not

produce a. much larger crop of cats, but

because it would not be practical from

the fact that it would not pay, and I do

not believe that the oat crop would con-

snme anywhere near that amount of pot-

ash, or nitrogen either. I do not, how-

ever, consider eight pounds of phosphoric

acid excessive. It is hardly enough. My

experience and observation is that our

Michigan soils need phosphoric acid more

than either nitrogen or potash. I would

consider this formula would be unbal-

anced for an oat crop on our soils. My

idea would be to use a good general brand

of fertilizer containing about one to two

per cent ammonia, eight per cent phos-

phoric acid and two to three per cent of

actual potash. Then I would use from

250 to 350 lbs. to the acre, owing to the

condition of the soil. This, I believe,

would furnish plant food to grow a good

crop and would be using as much fer-

tilizer as one could afford to and make a

profit frOm itsuse on the oat crop.

COLON C. LILLIE.





-———————-———.—__.

CARING FOR THE HARNESS.





 





The harness is usually one of the most

neglected factors in the farm equipment,

yet good care will prolong its period of

usefulness quite as much as proper care

will extend the serviceable life of any

other part of the necessary farm equip-

ment. At least once each year it should-

be thoroughly washed and well oiled. All

breaks should be promptly repaired in a

workmanlike manner, and it will be much

improved in appearance by an occasional .

cleaning and dressing. This is good work

for stormy weather and need not inter-

fere with more important work. But it

should not be neglectedand will not be

on the well managed farm.' However,

like all jobs that can be postponed It is

often neglected longer than it should be

for the good of the harness. The average

man will appreciate a. well-kept harness

and will take better care of his team when

provided with one, so that a double profit

is ordinarily derived frOm keeping the

farm harness in good condition.





 





Henderson’s Farm Manual. to 1

published by Peter Henderson & (So. 931::-

37 Cortlandt St., New York, is a so 'page

book describing and illustrating the pro- ~

duct of their large line of farm seeds.

and specialties. ‘ . , . .. ‘ -.
I' V ““9. ,





 





dragging it in wi





APRIL 9, 1910.





USING FERTILIZER ON FALL SOWN

GRAIN.





 





ave a field that was in corn last

ye‘az'eaiid after putting the corn in the silo

we disked the ground both ways and after

dragging it thoroughly drilled it into rye

and fall speltz. Now I want to seed to

clover early this spring and would like

to know if broadcasting fertilizer and

th the clover seed woluld

kel to injure the grain. If not ow

Ibiiaudih OI, the fertilizer should be sown to

the acre? This is a sandy loam son and

in fairly good condition as to ferjtililiy.B





Whether it is a good thing to broadcast

fertilizer on fall wheat is a question that

I am not familiar with. I never tried

it. My idea is that fertilizer will give the

best results when sown in the fall and

mixed thoroughly with the soil. I am of

the opinion that considerable more fer~

tilizer will be needed to give the same

results if sown this spring. On the other

hand, I do not think there would be any

loss of fertility, for if the wheat did not

use as much of the fertilizer, the balance

would be in the soil for the benefit of the

grass crop which follows. If you want

the effect of the fertilizer for new seeding,

then I think the best way w0uld be to

sow it broadcast in the spring. About

200 lbs. of good general fertilizer is the

amount usually used on grain in season.



Harrowing Wheat in the Spring.



NOW, as to whether harrowing the

grain in the spring will injure the crop

or not, I am not very familiar with this

factor either. I know of farmers who

seed their grass seed in the spring on

fall sown wheat with a disk drill. They

go crosswise of the drills of wheat. This

covers the clover seed and enables them

usually to get a good stand, but it de-

stroys some of the wheat. They claim

that it does not seem to injure the yield

of wheat. In fact, some have said that

while some of the wheat was destroyed,

that which was left did enough better so

that they believed it was a good practice.

1 have also talked with people who har-

rowed in the grass seed on the wheat in

the spring, and they claim that by har-

rowing the wheat both ways that they

get better results than they would if they

did not harrow it, and they get a good

stand of grass. Now, my land is differ-

ent. It contains a large amount of clay.

I sow the clover seed on frozen ground

early in the spring. In fact, it has all

been sown now, the middle of March. It

is obvious that it would not do to drag

this ground after the ground gets dry

enough to drag, because some of this

seed would have germinated and that

would be killed. Consequently, I am de-

prived of the privilege of harrowing or

disking the wheat for any benefit to the

Wheat, but on sandy land it is not a good

practice to sow the seed with the expec-

tation that it will be covered with the

freezing and thawing of the ground, and

the seeding must be deferred until later,

until the ground is dry enough to harrow

in order to cover the seed, and I am sure

that the fertilizer would give better re—

sults under these conditions than it





 





wheat. . ‘

While this factor of top dressmg wheat

in the spring with commercial fertilizer





l





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (3) 395





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would if sown ““6”“ °“ “’1” °f “‘9; Savings from a Well-Fenced Farm Will Pay for Other Improvements





“ ‘The most profitable crop walks to





5 one that I am not familiar with, a new, market or is carried in the cream can.’

book just published by Mr. Bowker ad-,' The raising of swine can be made one





vocates this practice- He claimsithatthit' of the most profitable industries. It

is one of the beSt ways 01’ benefit "g e promises quicker and greater returns





wheat crop. Sow the fertilizer on broad—

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for labor and capital expended. Chan-

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field with fertilizer and note results. If desirable, as they will do vastly better on

you put fertilizer on the whole field, you fresh pasture and keep much healthie-_~.”





will never know whether you get any

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W. W. P. MCCONNELL.





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F. BAACKES, Vice-President and General Sales Agent



AMERICAN STEEL & wnu: co.



Chicago New York Denver San Francisco





NOTE—Dealers Everywhere. See the one in your

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of the field and note results, and results

on sandy land ought to be noted by har—

vesting the wheat separate and threshing

separate, so that you know whether you

get a larger yield or not. By performing

a few careful experiments in this way,

one can determine whether it pays to use

fertilizer in this way or not.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





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LILLIE FARMSTEAD Norss.





 





Untlmely March Weather. -





I think all will admit that we have been

having very untimely weather for the

month of March. Never before do I re-

member such summer heat in the month

of March as we have had this year. Some

people will tell you that 12 or 14 years

ago we 'had just such a spring, but that

is not my remembrance. I will admit

that about that time we had dry weather

in March, dry enough so that many of us

put in our oats, but it was not warm.

There is the difference, and it‘s a great

difference. I have known several years

when the ground was dry enough in

March so that it could be properly worked

and oats have been put in. In every in—

stance we have had cold weather follow-

ing; but this year we not only had dry

weather, but we had excessive summer

heat in March. I was not prepared to go

to work on the land as soon as the land

was in shape because we are never ready

in this country to begin putting oats in in

the middle of March. Then we thought

that the weather would change and that

we would have a freezing spell. I am

rather of a conservative turn of mind

anyway, and hesitated. In fact, I was

afraid to sow oats. Many of my neigh-

bors were not as conservative and put

their cats in. As the days went by I

caught the spring fever and made up my

mind that it would be necessary to get in

some peas and oats and other crops, if

we raised anything this summer. Conse-

quently, at this date, March 30, we have

20 acres of peas and oats in. But some

sowed their oats a week ago. As things

have turned out, they were probably

right, and yet what the outcome will be,

no one can tell. The weather permitting,

we shall continue seeding until we have

finished.



The ground has been very dry. Pas-

tures, even with the warm weather, and

meadows and new seeding clover and

Wheat, have made no growth. Wheat on

clay is suffering very much. Tonight,

March 30, we had a nice little shower,

just enough to a little more than lay the

dust, which will do a world of good.

What we need is a good steady, soaking

rain. Vt'heat and new seeding clover was

injured somewhat by the freezing weather

after the snow left, but this freezing

weather continued such a short time that

no serious damage was done. Had we

had a proper amount of moisture, at that

time, it would have made a rapid growth.

As it is, it has practically done nothing

since the snow went off. \'Vith timely

weather from now on there is no question

but What these crops will rapidly recuper-

ate from this dry spell and prospects are

promising.



Alfalfa.



When the snow went off, the fore part

of March, I could not see that any of the

alfalfa on the eight acres I sowed last

August had been injured by the winter.

Every plant seemed to be alive. A late

examination, however, shows that on clay

spots in the field, the alfalfa has been

seriously damaged, either by frost or dry

weather, and probably by both. 'but on

the sandier portions of the field, I can

see no damage done at the present time.

The plants all look healthy and thrifty

and are growing nicely. The field is get—

ting green and looks quite promising. 0n

the portion where I sowed other grass

seed in connection with the alfalfa, the

other plants are also doing well, and I

cannot see as yet that they retard the

growth of the alfalfa. The plants in the

combination of seeds seem to be as

thrifty as those sown alone, and if I was

to make a guess at the present time I

would say that I will have a much heavier

cut of grass where I have the mixture of

seeds than where I have the alfalfa in

alone.



At the present time I can see no differ-

ence between the seed that was inoculated

with nitroculture and that which was not.

It is not of sufficient importance to be

noted with the eye at the present time.

What will develop later, of course, I can-

not tell.



It will be remembered that I sowed

three different kinds of seed, a sand lu-

cerne, sent me. by the Department of

Agriculture at Washington, some of the

Grimes alfalfa seed which I paid 50 cc "Is

a DOUDG fOI‘. grown in northern Mi

sota, and Montana grown seed. Atge

present time, I can see no difference. .If

anything, the sand lucerne sent from

Washington seems to he the most thrifty,

but I realize that at this time one cannot

determine the merits either of the inocu-

lation or of the different kinds of seed

because the crop is not far enough ad-





THE. MICHIGAN FARMER.





Ad...





have a high quality reputation to maintain which

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vaneed as yet. I shall inspect'the crop

carefully from time to time and keep the

readers of The Farmer informed as to

results.



Sweet Clover.





I have procured a small amount of

sweet clover seed and I propose to test

this as a forage plant in connection with

alfalfa. As I have before stated in The

Farmer, I propose to sow some alfalfa

seed early this spring, some of It will be

sown without a nurse crop, and some of it

will be sewn with oats, in the same man.

ner as I would seed red clover. I want

to find out whether alfalfa will grow un-

der practically the same conditions as

red clover or not. I propose to treat the

sweet clover in practically the same way.

Some of it without a nurse crop and some

of it with oats, to see what growth that

will make. During the last year or two

I have become very much Interested in

this plant, sweet clover. It is claimed

that if it is sewn thickly and a good

stand secured, and if the plants are not

allowed to get too old before cut for hay,

or if they are pastured, that stock relish

the plant, that it is an exceedingly vig—

orous grower and will supply a large

amount of forage for stock. I want to

know something about this.





. Condition of the So".





The soil is certainly in splendid condi-

tion to work. Last year, with the exces-

sive rains, the ground was packed down





so that it was extremely difficult to_





loosen it up with a disk harrow. It took

lots of horse power to do it. We never

worked our teams so hard in the world

as we did last spring and it was largely

on account of the fact that the ground

was so packed down by excessive rains.

Now this year it doesn’t seem to take

much more than half the power to pull

a disk barrow through the soil that it

did last, all owing to the fact that we

have had no such excessive rains to pack

it down. Even during the hot weather

of the past few days, a three-horse team

on a good disk harrow would easily pul-

verize five acres a day and lap half, and

they didn’t seem to work very hard

either. Now we couldn’t do this last year.

The teams couldn’t stand it. With two

three—horse teams on pulverizers and two

teams following with springtooth culti-

vators, we can fit ten acres of oat land

every day and then another team on the

drill puts it in. If the good weather con-

tinues it will not take more than a week

to finish our entire seeding, and if the

weather does not change and ruin the

crop so that we have to sow over again,

the prospects are that we can get our

crops in this year on time. What I am

afraid of now is that we will get them in

before time.



Another point that I am worrying about

is our new seeding of clever. We sowed

clover on our wheat field the very first

days of March. Now this warm weather

will cause many of the seeds to germinate

and if it changes and freezes, the seeding

is gone. Probably some of the seed was

buried deep enough by the action of the

frost so that it has not germinated.



COLON C. LILLIE.





AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.





 





In speaking upon this subject at the

recent Round-Up, Prof. W. H. French

who occupies the chair of Agriculture of

Education at M, A. C., dwelt upon the

subject of Agricultural Education as it

is or may be properly taught in the high

schools and rural schools of the state.

Under Prof. French's administration ag—

ricultural courses have been introduced

in six high schools in Michigan, and there

are more applications now on file for

such courses in other high schools than

there are teachers available who may be

supplied to give such instruction. Prof.

French expressed it as his opinion that

next year there would be at least a dozen

high schools in the state in which regular

agricultural courses would be taught.

He spoke of the benefits to be derived

from such educational work, not the least

of which will be the preparation of teach-

ers who will be equipped for teaching

elementary agriculture in the rural schools

of the state. A feature of these high

schools which has given much satisfac-

tion in some of the neighborhoods where

they have been established is the short

course lectures, which are open to the

farmers of the community and of which

they have taken advantage to a consider-

able number. Prof, French is enthusiastic

in this work and his familiarity with the

country schools of the state makes him

peculiarly well fitted for this work, so

that a maximum of good results are to be

expected from his efforts.





 





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he Surest and Cheapest





Way to Increase Crops





 





 





Your soil must contain a certain am-

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Aarlcullural Ground Limestone Is the

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overworkeds



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APRIL 9, . 1910.





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M

FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





 





' Raising Calves Without Milk.

Can you tell me how to raise calves





without milk?

_Wayne Co. SUBSCRIBER.





While it is generally considered as ab-

solutely essential to have milk for the

proper raising of calves, yet there is no

doubt but that calves can be reared prac-

tically without milk, although it is very

important that some milk be available to

get them well started. The writer once

had a. Grade Shorthorn calf that would

not learn to drink milk readily and for

some reason absolutely refused to drink

milk after it had found the water tub in

the calf pasture, at which time it was

less than two weeks old. Some oil meal

was supplied in a feed box near this tub

and the calf soon learned to eat it, after

which time it never had any milk or other

feed except the oil meal and other grain

supplied later and the good clover forage

which was available in the calf pasture.

This calf was very thin and made very

little growth for some weeks, but when it

once got started it grew thriftily and

made a very large cow. This proved

conclusively to the writer that calves can

be reared without milk after they have

had a start on fresh milk for a few days.



Undoubtedly, better results could have

been secured by a better system of feed-

ing than this calf received, although the

ultimate results Were satisfactory in this

case. If the writer were to attempt to

rear calves without milk he would try to

have a limited supply of milk for a few

days and to gradually supplement or dis-

place this with hay tea, made from clove-r

or alfalfa hay out fine in a, feed cutter

and steeped for some time over a slow

fire, then strained through a sieve. This

may be gradually substituted for the

milk, feeding in small quantities and pre-

ferably several times a day at first. f-

ter the calf is a week old, flaxsee-d gruel

or jelly made from ground flaxseed meal

may be added to the liquid. This would

be a. much more suitable feed than oil

meal, which the writer used as above

described, because it contains the fat of

the flaxsecd, which is an essential ele.

ment of whole milk. This should, of

course, be fed in small quantities at first,

gradually increasing it until perhaps a

gill is given at a feed. A little later

cOoked oatmeal and wheat middlings may

be added until such time as the calves

can be learned to eat dry meal, after

which the dry meal may be gradually

substituted for the cooked feed.



There are also some proprietary feeds

now upOn the market for which strong

claims are made, and which have the ad-

vantage of being all ready for use. \Vith

these or with a proper combination of the

feeds suggested, with fresh, green pas-

ture when available, or bright clover or

alfalfa hay and some thinly sliced roots

where the green food is not available, it

will be possible to attain fairly good re-

sults in the rearing of calves without

milk, although it is an unnatural and less

satisfactory way to rear them. Plenty

of skim—milk is a valuable asset in the

rearing of calves, and none should at-

tempt to raise t‘hem.without, unless they

are prepared to give them the closest of

atention and best of care.





BREEDING PURE-BRED SWINE.





 





Feeding the Breeding Herd.



The fact that the modern hog has been

thefarthest removed from its natural

environment of any species of domestic

animal makes success in feeding depend—

ent, to a large degree, upon artificial

methods. Yet there are certain physiolog-

ical laws that cannot be ignored if we

succeed in maintaining the health, vigor

and fecundity of our swine. The 'suco

cessful breeders and feeders of today are

men who have made a correct interpreta-

tion of nature’s laws and adopted a sys-

tem of feeding that corresponds with the

natural habits and appetite of the hog,

so far as is consistent with the demands

of the present day markets for an early

maturing animal.



The long, lank, muscular hog is a thing

of the past and in its place we have in

considerable numbers the broad backed.

smooth, even quartered, early maturing

individuals of the improved breeds that

come in the early springtime and gain

from one to 'one and one-half pounds a.

day until ready for market along in .the

fall or early winter. What has wrought

this great change in the form and type

of these leading breeds of swine? Chief





\





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





over all has been a judicious system of

feeding. Environment has caused varia-

tion and intelligent feeding has caused a

change for the better, making possible

improvement by selection. Since judi~

cious feeding has been largely responsible

for improvement in the past, it is reason-

able to assume that it will be just as

important a factor in the work of further

improvement of the breeds. Breeders

who are producing the very best type of

swine are men who feed liberally. Unless

good breeding is supported by liberal

feeding—improvement halts for want of

sustenance—retrograde movements follow,

heredity retreats by the route of scrub

ancestry and development is vanquished.



1n the feeding of the breeding herd we

are confronted by two questions, viz.,

how much shall we feed and what feeds

will promote the health, vigor and fecun-

dity of the animals. As to the amount

we are limited on the one hand by the

actual physiological needs of the animals

for the best development, and, on the

other by the increased cost of feeding a

liberal grain ration and the possible dan-

ger of impairing the breeding qualities

of. the animals by excessive fat.



In feeding swine, the same as in feed-

ing other live stock, food will produce sat-

isfactory results only when fed in a. ra-

tion that is properly proportioned. so that

all parts of the animal will be wen nour-

ished and the digestive system kept in

a healthy condition. The deficiency of

corn as a sole ration has been made em—

phatic. Results of numberleSs experi-

ments emphasize the fact that rations

containing a large amount of ash and

protein are better adapted to promote the

growth and development of breeding

swine than corn alone. However, the in-

creased cost of concentrated protein feeds





root crops and vegetables. Such feeds are

usually inexpensive, very desirable and

valuable in feeding the breeding .herd at

all seasons of the year. These succulent

and bulky feeds have a loosening and

relaxing effect upon the flesh and are

excellent for the brood sow toward the

time of farrowlng as they overcome the

tense condition of the muscles resulting

from a dry grain diet.



If the number of brood sows is consid-

erable, the feeding of high-priced grain

food cuts largely into the profits. The

mature sow that is not suckling a litter

of pigs does not require heavy grain feed-

ing. If she is provided with plenty of

pasture and forage crops she will thrive

with but vcry little grain food. During

recent years the importance of having

an abundance of forage and pasture crop

for the breeding herd is more and more

apparent. By setting aside a number of

acrcs and growing proteinaceous forage

and pasture crops the cost of feeding the

breeding herd may be greatly reduced and

the animals will be more thrifty and vig-

orous.



In planning a system of forage and

pasture crops we should plan to have

the ground growing some crop at all

times. Rye for late fall and early spring

pasture is uncxccllcd; this may in turn

he succeeded by alfalfa, clover. oats and

peas. cowpcas, sweet corn and rape and

rye again for late in the fall. The drop-

pings from the swine being plowed under

with the forage crops that are not eaten

up clean will soon put the land in an ex-

cellent state of fertility and there will be

no filthy yards and mud holes for the

swine to wallow in. Many acres of poor

land may be rejuvenated by growing

proteinaccous forage crops and pasturing

them with breeding swine. The drop-





 





 





 





“Boys on the Farm"—Colts Seven and Nine Weeks Old, from Photo Taken on the

Farm of George W. Claxton, Genesee County, Michigan.





makes their use in large quantities very

epensive, but fortunately it is easy to

obtain these elements in an economical

way by utilizing proteinaceous forage and

pasture crops and providing the swine

with large yards and good grazing.



An ideal combination of feed for the

breeding herd consists of clover, alfalfa.

and blue grass pasture, supplemented

with a limited amount of grain food.

Skim-milk is an ecellent feed, and mixed

with wheat middlings in the form of a

thick slop, makes an ideal feed for breed-

ing swine. A small allowance of, corn

may be safely fed to breed sows and ani-

mals that are lacking in condition. In

many cases when pasture crops and

skim-milk are not available the protein

problem may be solved by feeding a

small amount of digester tankage. Oil

meal is an excellent source of protein,

especially when the ration is deficient

in laxative properties. Other concentrates

may be used with excellent results, the

chief point being to feed bone, blood and

muscle building food in the right pro-

portions. VVhen pasture and green forage

crops are not available clover or alfalfa

run through a feed grinder or cutting box

and mixed with mill—feed in the slop will

give the necessary ‘bulk and succulcnce

to the ration,



The value of bulky and succulent feeds

is recognized by the most intelligent feed-

ers. Succulence balances the effect

against the dry, concentrated feeds——it

possesses general tonic and corrective

qualities and stimulates the appetite for

a more economical consumption of other

feeding stuffs. Bulky foods act as divid—

ers in assisting in the more complete di~

gestion of concentrated foods. Succu—

lence and bulk are furnished by such

foods as forage crops pasture grasses,





pings from the swine and the nitrogen

gathered by the forage crops builds up

the soil rapidly.



In the feeding of the herd boar the

same principle holds good. Since the

breeding boar represents as great a fac-

tor in breeding as thirty or forty sows,

it is very much more economical to feed

the one sire than thirty or f'orty sows.

The breeding boar cannot be too well

cared for. He should be kept in a good,

vigorous condition and in as comfortable

quarters as possible. Feed him the kinds

of feed that are adapted to his require-

ments and vary the amount according to

the services he is required to perform.

It is necessary to feed him with foods

that will produce lean as well as fat and

give health and vigor. W'ith such grain

foods as ground oats, wheat middlings,

oil meal and a. very little corn, supple-

meited with such bulky and succulent

feeds as alfalfa. clover, peas and roots.

he will be vigorous, thrifty and service-

able for many years. Succulence and

bulk in his ration will prevent injury

from overfeeding and he will be more

contented than when he is fed a less

bulky ration of more concentrated foods.

The practice of confining the breeding

boar in a small pen and feeding him a

ration of fat—producing foods cannot be

too strOngly condemned. The character

of the feed, important as it is, is not the

only thing which needs attention in the

care of the boar; Give him plenty of

room for exercise and if he does not ex-

ercise freely himself, take a horse whip

and walk him around occasionally. Ordi-

narily, however, if he is given a good

sized pasture or yard he will take suffi-

cient exercise, without resorting to this

trouble.





New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





Cum-:5 SCAB





A DIP THAT DOES THE WORK

WITHOUT lNJURY





TO THE ANIMAL OR FLEECE

NO BURNING OF THE FIBRES:

NO STAINING; NO POISONING:





NO SICKENING.





WHY USE DIPS THAT HAVE THESE DESTRUCTIV£

AND DANGEROUS QUALITIES? WHY EXPERIMENT

WITH UNKNOWN PREPARATIONS?





K RESO DIP N9!

STANDARDIZED

INEXPENSIVE,EA$YTO use





panmmco ev n1: us DEPAQTMENT or

AGRICULTURE FOR THE OFFICIAL owpme

or SHEEP ron SCAB 23‘





FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS

WC HAVE BOOKLETS GIVING FULL DIRECTIONS

For: use ALSO MANY VALUABLE HINTS ON

HANDLING SHEEP. WRITE FOR FREE comes.





PARKE, DAVIS &Co.





DEPARTMENT or ANIMAL INDUSTRY

DETROIT. MICH.





 





 





 





 





/9“





.a/J. f I '. .>

t“ it





 

   

 





9 mm a

Stewart Horse Clipping Machine





Farm horses need clipping. A heavy, sweaty coat of

hair sapstheir energy and strength. Clipped horses

keep in better condition, work, Sleep and look better

than unclipped horses, and are less liable to take cold.

The world’s Best gh‘e Stewart No. l is the

est mat hmc In the world

and is better suited to your needs than any other. For

it's made simple and works simple. There are no com-

plicated or (Iclit ate parts—as in other machines—so

that it will last, and give good service. for a lifetime.

Oulck, Clean and Safe Clipping

Anybody can clip horses with 3. Stewart. Can clip

> them better than the expert with

the old hand clippers. It'siusta

case ofguiding the knife while the

crankis being turned.

The Stewart No. 1 is a. Ball Bear- {

ing machine with all working

partsintlosed. where they run in

an oil bath. Allgears are cut from

the solid steel bar and made file

hard. These four features are es-

sential to correct and easy clip-

ping. Look for these points in

every horse clipper; refuse the

machine that has not got them.

Send $2.00 Order 21 Stewart No.

1 from yourlocaldealer. The price

complete is $7.50. Or send $2.00

With your order and we ship the

> complete outfit C. O. D. for

balance. Send for catalog.

Order today.





Chicago Flexible Shaft 00.

I 15 La Sallo Ave. ”W Chicago





L, A A . -





Seldom See.





a big knee like this, but your horse

ma have a. bunch or bruise on his

Anffle, Hock, Stifle. Knee or Throat.





ABSORBINE





will clean them off Without, laying

the horse up. No blister, no hairgone.

$2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 10-B

free. ABSORBINB, JR., for man.

-' ', _ kind, $1.00 Bottle. Removes Soft:

.3 i: E: Bunches,(3ures VaricoseVeins. Allaya

" Pain. Genuine mfd. only by

VI. F. Willis. P.ll.f., 268 Temple St. Springfield. In“,





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





3:922)»;- -





 





N EWTON’S H EAVE

* °R£3in Bléfé'iifiii‘ CUR E

The itandard Veterinary Remedy.





0 years sale. Send for

boo e .





   

 





 





M.» .

€073.90» T...

1 ~ ‘7“; I? H



:v





 

 

 





mace-l III-two

\





DEATH " To ifE’li’vEs

The first or leoondl 01-00 can cures. ,Thothlfll





can is guaranteed tocnro or money refunded.

31-00 par an at dealers, or expreu prop-Id





 





 





TILE NEWTON REMEDY 00., Toledo, 0M0
L123; .





The Spalding

Deep Tilling

Machine





restores the fertility of a

worn-out farm and in-

creases the yield ol a

good one.





BECAUSE it will plow to a

depth of 16 inches, leavin

the seed—bed thoroughly pu -

verized, and the top-soil and

sub-soil properly mixed. As

a result, moisture is preserved,

good drainage is afforded, the

cost of fitting is reduced, all

trash is buried beyond the

reach of the harrow, the

growth of root and stalk is

stimulated, and crops are

usually increased 25% to 50%,

and often more.



. . er

“ltd? $3.“: Srt‘érfai’é’ffii’itfieifiaa

a mold-board plow.



‘ and it will cut ofl roots and





turn out rocks and stumps, or dodge

them, without injury to the team.





Semi for free book. Complete descrip-

tion or machine and what it will do; ad

vantage of deep-tilling, photographs or

machine in operation.





Address Department "B" '

The Spalding Tilling

Machine Company





Superior Ave. & W. 6th St.

Cleveland, Ohio





   





 

 





 





 





 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





KEEP THE OLD BROOD SOWS.





 





At what age and how long have you

found it profitable to keep a brood s'ow

for raising pigs? I have a Poland-China

now that is now seven or eight years of

age. She is good yet and very prolific,

always showing us the best 01' pigs.

Lapeer Co. M. A, C.

The limit of a brood sow's usefulness





depends altogether upon her individuality.

Generally speaking, the brood sow's that

have proven their value in the breeding

herd should be retained as long as they

continue to demonstrate their ability in

this direction. Semetimes they get so big

and lubberly that they will not exhibit the

quality as mothers which they showed

in the earlier periods of their usefulness,

in which case they should. of course, be

discarded. However, the sow that con-

tinues to produce good big litters of fine

pigs and feeds and mothers them well

should not be discarded because of her

years. There is, of course, an age limit

at which they will cease to do this, but

that limit will vary greatly with dififerent

individuals, so that the question resolves

itself into one of the individuality of the

animal. But it is certain that the tried

old sows of the average breding herd are

the profitable ones. Their presence is

generally due to the principle of “the sur-

vival of the fittest." and so long as they

remain the fittest from the standpoint of

profitable pig production it will not prove

profitable to discard them for younger

ones that have not yet demonstrated their

ability in that direction,

GROWING PIGS.



I have found by experience that there

is more profit in hog raising than any

other industry on the farm. Not all farm-

ers keep enough pigs and other young

animals on the farm to consume the home

grown crops. Instead of feeding their

crops to young animals at a profit they

put them on the market and the stock

feeders buy them and make the profit.

But the farmer can over stock with pigs.

It is a fact that it is better to tend a

small piece of ground and tend it well

than to plant large fields and only half

cultivate them. This principle can also

be applied to pig raising. It is better to

feed 10 pigs and feed them well, than it

is to feed 20 and only half feed them.

The pig that makes profitable gains is the

one that has all the feed that it can con-





 





 





   

   

   

 





 





25,000,000 Acres of

Colorado Farm Land

at $6.50 up to $20.00





The eastern half of Colorado is

vast country of good soil, on which

Durum and Turkey wheat grows

30 to 40 bushels per acre. Do

you want some of this land at an

average price between $6.50 and

$20. 00?



It yields 50 to 80 bushels of potatoes,

can your farm do that well?-



You can harvest 20 to35 bushels of barley

and cut seven to fifteen tons of flax. Why,

you can own a little empire out in this

splendid highland of high health by selling

your present place and getting one ten

times as big with the money.





Come to Colorado





and Strike it Rich





Every foot of ground is a good mine-—

an agricultural mine. The Rock Island

has no land to sell you— just facts to tell

ytni about prospects better than you now

enjoy—where you can be more prosper--

ous and out of your prosperity help in-

crease its freight earnings. It will pay

the Rock Island only to get you on a good

farm because you can’t be a shipper if

you don’t succeed.



Write for the right information, and

also find how little it will cost to make

the trip on one of the

special homeseekcrs’

excursions sent out

every first and third

Tuesday of each month.





.- . ALLEN Passenger Traffic Manager

L M 231 L. sane Station. Chicago





 





~ 3’; 1% .‘ :1". . I at“?





sume and grows vigorously, Without stunt

or check, from start to finish. The pigs

should never be allowed to sleep in straw

or dust in the summer, as this is liable

to cause thumps and cough. Thumps

can be cured, or better yet, avoided, by

giving the pig plenty of exercise. Care

should be taken to keep the pig free

from lice. When lice are discovered they

should be washed with some efficient lice

killer.





Illinois. C. C. M.





 





 





LlP-AND-LEG ULCERATION OF

SHEEP.





 





The disease known as lip-and-leg ulcer-

ation of sheep, which has prevailed in

\Vyoniing and other western states to

such an extent as to cause the secretary

0f agriculture to place a federal quaran-

tine on sheep from certain counties in

\\'_voming, is the subject of a publication

just issued by the Department of Agri-

culture. in this publication Dr. A. D.





 





l





 





Melvin, Chief of the Bureau of Animal

Industry, describes the Work of his bureau

,for the suppression of this disease. and

llh‘. John it. Mohler, Chief of the Path-

Kological Division of the Bureau, describes

the nature and cause of the disease and

prescribes treatment.



The investigations of the Bureau Of

Animal industry as well as those made by

other authorities in this and other couna

tries show that lip—and—lcg ulceration is

contagious and is one of the various

manifestations of a disease which affects

various species of animals. The disease

in sheep as found in the western states

varies all the way from a mild sore

month, which often heals without heat





l

I

l

l

l





iment, to a serious and virulent ulceration





of the lips and legs and other parts of

the body, which in aggravated cases is

sometimes practically incurable. All the

various forms of the disease, however,

are due to the same germ, which is known

as Bacillus necrophorus.



Many sheepmen have been inclined to

doubt the contagious character of the

affection known as sore mouth in lambs,

claiming that the lesions were simply the

result of injuries caused by eating frosted

grass, coarse forage, etc. But even in

cases of this kind Dr. Mohler has shown

by his investigations that the wounds





;. «in. l»-





readily become infected with the germs in

regions where the infection exists, and

that mild cases are liable to develop into

a more serious form.



The disease may not only spread among

sheep and go from the mild to the viru—

lent form, but is also easily communicable

to pigs, calves, and other animals. Cases

are cited where calves have become in-

fected by being placed in a corral where

sheep with lip-and-leg ulceration‘have

been, and also where sheep have con-

tracted the disease by being placed on a

farm where necrotic stomatitis had oc-

curred in hogs.



The department considers it important

for the welfare of the live stock industry

that the disease should be suppressed, and

believes that the place to suppress it is

on the range. It is recommended that all

diseased or recently exposed sheep, in-

cluding even the so-called sore mouth

lambs, be held back, and that only those

animals which are unquestionably healthy

be shipped to market.



The Bureau of Animal Industry, De-

partment of Agriculture, Washington, D.

0, would like to be informed of the oc-

currence of lip-and-leg ulceration among

sheep, and will send to any applicant free

on request a copy of the publication re-

ferred to (Circular 160) prescribing in

detail methods of treatment.





TURNING THE CATTLE T0 PASTURE.





 





 





Present prospects indicate that grass

will get to a size that will make good

feed much earlier this spring than in or—

dinary seasons. This will indeed be a

welcome outcome of an early spring to

the farmers of Michigan in a season when

hay and other forage is as scarce and

high in price as at present. However,

there is ever a tendency to make the

change from dry feed to pasture too

abrupt. When the grass first starts in

the spring, it has little substance, and is

such a very succulent food that an abrupt

change from a dry ration to this exces~

sively succulent pasturage is almost cer<

tain to bring about digestive disorders

which cause a loss in flesh. Of course,

in the end. this may be a good thing

for the health of the animal. but much

better results can be secured by making

the change from dry feed to pasture a

gradual one, keeping up the grain ration

for a time as the stock is turned to pas-

ture and feeding a little good hay as long

as the animals will eat it. This is a

much better plan than the too common

one of turning the cattle and other young

stock to pasture direct from the yard

without any preliminary feeding to pre-

pare them for the change or supplemen-

tary feeding to make its effect less vio-

lent upon the digestive system. This is

an economic proposition, and it will pay

to make this change from dry feed to

grain gradually and with proper supple—

mentary feeding as above advised.



Oakland Co. A. R, F.

E



Recent sales of fancy cows and heifers

on the Chicago market have broken all

high records of the past, owing to their

great scarc1ty and the big demand for

the cheap and medium-priced beef trade,

Odddots of heavy beef cows have sold

within a short time for $6.85@7.35, while

heifers found ready sales at $7m‘8, a load

of South Dakota heifers bringing $7.85.

Steer cattle of superior quality are

scarcer than ever and on the lip—grade,

being in urgent demand by packers.



\Vhile killers are complaining that hogs

are too dear, they are not out of line with

cattle or mutton on the hoof. Naturally,

there have been sharp reactions since

prime swine reached the $11 mark not

long ago in the Chicago market, but de-

(‘lllll'S have been followed by advances,

and it is observed that whenever the mar-

ket breaks to any considerable extent

supplies are at once curtailed.



Farmers should not fail to heed the

warning of a hog shortage resulting from

marketing the breeders when prices were

unusually high. It is mighty bad business

policy to sell off your good brood sows

simply because they will bring a high

price in the market, yet this is what has

been done, and now a hog shortage that

is phenomenal is the result. Now that

the injury has been done, farmers in all

directions are trying to increase the hog

supply, and with this end in view, they

are withholding their young sows for

breeding purposes, extremely few having

been marketed last winter. Young sows

are apt. to mean small litters. but even

small litters will be extremely welcome

at this time, and there is general interest

in the outcome of the spring pig “crop"

throughout breeding districts.



Cattle sellers in the Chicago market

have been saying that the upward trend

of prices has only fairly started and are

pointing to much. better things coming if

cattle feeders Will be careful and avoid

crowding the market with half-fat and

“warmed-up” stuff. Recently the best

markets of the year, so far as the medium

to good killers were concerned, have been

seen, with choice beeves selling a little

lower than at the high time in January.

But the cattle which were graded as

choice at that time were considerably bet-

ter than those which .now come within

that description. '





 





 





APRIL 9, .1910 . .





Did You EverTry to

Send a Mail Order

Buggy Back?





If you have, you know what a peek of

trouble it means. The mail-order house

gives you alluring promises of “free

trial,” “return privilege,” etc., but,

just the same, they do everything in their

power to make it stick when you tell





them you are dissatisfied. People every- -





where have been caught by the mail-

order evil. Some have kept the mail-

order vehicles, after getting tired of

fighting about it. Avoid this trouble.





Go to Your Local Dealer

See the Reliable Michigan Line





Quality for quality. the Reliable Michigan

dealer in your home town can quote you just as

low prices as anybody can by mail. Andyou

don’t have to pay the freight. '



Your local merchant-a manwhom you know-

a basins: maxi-ah of Itandin in your own figmun;

ity— s nys are to In any a men

he makes concerning your Reliable Michigan

vehicle-or that you read in our advertisements.



Write us and we will send you our new Catalog

"A" showing the pick of 256 Reliable Michigan

Pleasure Vehicles. All our newest types and

patterns—the handsome“ you ever now. Be

sure to ask for Catalog A.’





 





No. 149





New Autostylo Buggy





Twin Auto-Bel “an type seat. with large round corners and

beautiful curm.pflondmmo. stylish. comfortable. All wrought

gear and bent neond growth hickory gear woodo. Axles. arch.

high arch or very high arch undesired. Soft. only riding spring-

—oul tempered. 1mm» long distance, dust prool Axles. Out

"A’ grade select hickory wheels and high band Ielect white

hickory ohaft- with 36-inch leather tips. Latest onto design top

with ' automobile" leather. Painting and trimming optional.





MICHIGAN BUGGY CO.’

93 Office Building Kalamazoo. Mich.

We ch nonfiction the famous How-d Hone m





LIGHTNING

STRUCK





and caused 2165 out of a total of

2960 fire losses to farm buildings in

one year in one state according to an

oificnal report of l l 1 fire insurance

companies. Do you realize that this

means over 75 per cent. of all fire

losses are caused by lightning?





Professor

West Dodd’s

Wonderful

Inventions



Control

We Lightning





D.& S.anen Copper Cable Lightninc

Rods and System of Installation are

acknowledged by the leading fire insurance

companies of the world to afford the only

safe protection against ravages of lightning.



Spring and Summer Storms are com-



nc. Now is the time to act! Protect your



homo and the farm buildings. Make your-

self. your family. your stock, your crops safe.



llIany a. door is padlocked after the



arse is stolen. Lock yours now. In-

stall the D. dz; S. System ofprotection.



IT PAYS FOR ITSELF

- _ — —



Leading fire insurance companies of the

world (list of them in catalogue—«send for it)

will allow 10 to 33 1-3 per cent off your insur-

ance hills when your buildings are rodded

with D. & S. \Voven Copper Cable Lightning

Rods. Thus the I). & S. Rod pays for itself

and then begins to save you money,

when your next insurance bills come due.



More D. & S. Rods sold than any other

three makes combined. Insist on the trade

mark D. & S. It is your protection.



Send for catalogue and book, “ The Laws

and Nature of Lightning," free. Address





DODD & STRUTHERS

429 Sixth Avenue, Du Mo‘lnos, low-





 





 

 





 

   

 





 





 





—A n , tle f

FOR SALE cmm‘li? 65°31.» 3:





drive. ' Apply Box 60, Grosse Ile, Michigan,





QEDAH FENBE POSTS $2.32.





rite CABB & BARRETT. Butterfleld. Michigan.





 





 





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.





 





 





‘ ‘*.-—_—.‘ I 4-“ m .





Anus
e-——~.





 





 





APRIL 9, 1910.





VARIETY OF FEED FOR SHEEP.





 





One of the vital requirements of suc-

cessful sheep husbandry is supplying pas-

ture for the flock during the entire graz-

ing season. Most flock owners depend

largely upon pasture for a subsistence

for their sheep from rather early in the

Spring until late into the fall. With our

uncertain season in this country we are

never positive that a sufficient rainfall

will favor pasture growth to insure a

suitable supply‘of nutritious forage for

the flock during each month of the pas~

turing period. To depend entirely upon

meadow seedings for pasture for the

flock is imprudent and likely to bring on

ruinbus results to the fullest development

to both growing lambs and breeding ewes.

Meadow pastures are always excellent

sources of forage Supply fill“ Shem) gmz‘

ing, but in case the weather is dry and

intensely hot the supply is limited and

of an unpalatable nature. It is ,obvious

that in order to insure a variety of feed

for the flock at all times during the sum-

mer season much thought must be direct-

ed to have growing an adequate supply

of palatable forage to meet the needs of

the flock.



The first matter of importance that

should command consideration on the part

of flock owners in planning supplementary

forage for their sheep is to select and sow

their forage crops in such a rotation that

will not only supply pasture, but variety

of feed as well. Sheep are fond of variety

of diet and not infrequently will take to

a. poor growth of pasture rather than

graze upon good forage on account of

their greedy appetite for variety of food.

I have at various times observed my flock

leaving excellent clover pasture and graz-

ing upon a, short, natural growth of for-

age in order to satisfy their disposition

for a variety of food. Variety of food is

an economical and practical means of

stimulating the digestive system of sheep

and so long as continued, sickness will be

practically unknown in the flock. A great

many flock owners encounter disease

among their sheep and think that some

medication _is necessary while in reality

variety of food would check ’the trouble.

Sheep by nature are active animals and

demand two things in their daily diet and

they are succulency and variety. VVith-

out them, no matter how well the ration

may be belanced, derangement of the di-

gestive tract will become more or less

manifest.



Most flock owners find it necessary,

during the fore part of the pasturing sea-

son, to confine their flock to limited pas—

ture. If the forage is of a June grass

nature it will carry the flock along until

into June, but by this time some other

arrangements will be necessary. As a

general rule, June grass makes very good

sheep pasture for a month or six weeks

during the spring time, but as droughts

come on it becomes less palatable and

nutritious. Old pasture lands are more

readily affected by dry weather and can

not be relied upon but for a short period

during the early part of the growing

season. The fiock owner who is desirous

of encouraging a strong flow of nutritious

milk to force the lamb crop forward as

rapidly as possible, should lay plans to

supply the flock with plenty of supple-

mentary forage. It is also prudent that

such plans be laid as early in the season

as possible to allow plenty of time for the

crops to come to pasturing maturity.



There is a wide range of forage crops

well adapted to nearly all kinds of soils

throughout this and adjoining states that

can be grown for supplying a variety of

feed for the flock and they ought to be

more universally sown by flock owners.

Rape is perhaps one of the most valuable

forage _crops for sheep grazing purposes.

Wherever it has been properly tried it

has been proclaimed a wonderful sheep

forage, not only highly palatable. but

nutritious. When rape is grown for pas-

ture purposes it should be sown in drills

if possible, as it does much better and

produces a. larger amount of forage.

TVhile a great deal has been said and

written regarding the merits of rape for

sheep feed there are yet a large number

of farmers who know very little of the

feeding value of this plant. Surely its

forage value for sheep merits its fullest

trial and no farmer can afford to go into

the summer without sowing at least a

small acreage.



There are also other excellent forage

CI‘ODS adapted to our varied soils and

climatic conditions that can be grown with

good results. Rye, if sown the previous

season, can be pastured in the spring

and depended upon to supply the flock

with a variety of excellent supplementary

forage. Oats and peas are well suited to,





.THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ' (7) 399-





clay' loam soils and produce a large

amount of feed highly relished by sheep.

The secret of securing a rapid growth of

nutritious forage from sowing supple»

mentary forage crops is to have the soil

in a high state of tilth and full of avail-

able plant food. Soil to grow large ton-

ages of green forage must be excellent

clover land. I have never been success-

ful in growing satisfactory crops of sup-

plementary forage on soil that would not

grow large yields of other farm crops.

Therefore, see that the soil is well pre-

pared and full of the essential plant

elements.

Shiawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





 





Charles Goepper, the well-known hog

buyer at the Chicago stock yards, says:

“A large percentage of the pigs born this

spring will be saved, because they are

worth saving. Every pig that can be

raised will be needed, however. Just as

soon as they can be weaned and the

sows dried up and fattened I look for a

material increase in the supply, as the

temptation to market a' 300—lb. sow at

anything like present prices will be irre-

sistible, although if I were doing it I

would breed my sows again."



The first shipment of grass cattle from

the San Angelo country down in Texas

was reported on March 24, their destina-

tion being Oklahoma. Cattle in the San

Angelo region are in good condition and

will be ready to ship to market somewhat

earlier than usual. There is not much

cattle trading, as high prices have result-

ed in putting the Montana and Dakota

buyers out of business. It is stated that

Kansas and Oklahoma will receive the

larger share of the Texas grass cattle,

stockmen varying in estimating the num-

ber that will be sent to such pastures. It

is claimed by well-informed men on such

matters, however, that there will be a

shortage, although others who are in a

position to speak intelligently say there

will be as large shipments as a year ago.

Two-year—olds are bringing $30 per head,

while four and five years ago they sold

for $19 to $21.



0. C. Strocher, a prominent live stock

dealer of \Vest Virginia, says: “Lambs

for July and August have been about all

engaged here at 750 to $1 per 100 lbs.

higher than a year ago. Stock cattle are

very scarce this spring."



Stags sell extremely high all the time

in the Chicago hog market, but boars are

poor sellers, as they are apt to be con-

demned by the inspectors.



It has happened in the Chicago cattle

market frequently of late that commis—

sion firms have had many buying orders

for good feeding steers which they were

unable to fill, because choice cattle of

this kind were not available. It has

been remarked that in 1902, when feeders

brought $6 per 100 lbs., the steers which

went at that high price were far superior

to the kind that brought that figure re-

cently. There has been such a keen de—

mand for prime heavy feeders that sales

have been made all the way up to $6.75

per 100 lbs. There is a lively demand for

well-bred feeders of strong weights that

can be matured for the market quickly,

but it happens that killers have a longing

for these same cattle for their cheap beef

trade, and this means strong competition

to secure them. W’ith the highest prices

paid on record for feeders, as well as for

good stockers, there is still a lack of

these cattle, and slaughterers persist in

making heavy inroads on the future sup-

ply of beef cattle.



A year ago sheep exporters were taking

a lot of sheep and helping the Chicago

market out. This year prices are far

above an exporting basis, but these buy-

ers are not missed, for there are nowhere

near enough sheep and lambs to meet the

urgent domestic demand.



The demand for lambs for shearing and

finishing has been extremely large in the

Chicago stock yards recently, and record

prices have been attained. Buyers seem

to have perfect confidence in the future

of the market for finishd muttons on the

noof. Colorado has been furnishing the

bulk of the shout and wooled lambs.





Moses Weinberg, one of the best in-

formed live stock men in the central

states, showed up in the Chicago market

recently with a consignment of four cars

of cattle and hogs. He remarked that

never in his long experience had he seen

live stock as scarce throughout Schuyler

county, Illinois, and the adjoining coun-

ties as at the present time. He said hogs

were being shipped out from one to four

months ahead of the time they were in<

tended to be marketed, and few hogs

are being matured. He predicted a great-

er shortage of hogs during June and July

than has been experienced so far. Mr.

\Veinberg is said to have shipped as much

live stock to the Chicago market as any

one man in the state of Illinois during the

past quarter of a century.



Many special orders for mules have

been filled in the Chicago horse and mule

market at the stock yards for distribution

to eastern cities in recent weeks, and at

least one car load was sold recently to be

placed among Ohio farmers. Many farm-

ers have been in that market making in-

dividual purchases of new supplies of

farm horses for this season’. farm oper—

ations, the purchasers givin the prefer-

ence to such blocky mares as were offered

at $140@175 per head.



In the opinion of Benjamin Preston,

president of the Northern Colorado Sheep

Feeders’ Association, the feeders must

get 9c p‘er lb. to break even. and every-

thing above that is profit. In discussing

the situation, Mr. Preston said: “There

are only 275,000 lambs in the whole of

northern Colorado. High prices will con-

tinue, no one knows how long. The short-

age of alfalfa and high price of corn make

fattening an expensive process. The cut~

ting up of the range into small farms is

one of the chief causes of the meat short-

age both in sheep and cattle, and there

will be no cheap meat for years.”





 





 





 





 





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CONDUCTED BY DR. W: C. FAIR,

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Advice thru this department is free to

our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the. same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else.





Fungus the Result of Wire Cut.—I

would like some advice regarding my

mare that met with an accident last fall.

On the inside of hock joint there is a

fungus growth about the size of a hen's

egg, which seeps pus from its center.

Can the growth be taken off and the

wound healed? R. B, C., Berle Mont,

Mich.——A chronic fistulous opening of this

kind would indicate that the joint had

either been opened or some foreign body

had lodged in the tissues and still re-

mains. I believe your is a case which

demands careful investigation; therefore,

I would suggest that you call a veteri-

nary. The bunch should be cut off and

the wound dusted with equ‘al parts oxide

of zinc, powdered alum and borac acid

twice a day.



Chronic Garget.—I have a twmyear—old

heifer that came fresh January 22, and at

that time was in 300d order, but since

then has not done well. Her udder was

badly caked for the first two or three

weeks, but finally got in fairly good

shape. She gives a. good mess of milk,

but her milk sours in about five hours.

She eats heartily, is fed cornstalks, oats

and peas that were cut green for rough-

age. I also give her a mixture of corn

and bran twice a. day and a pail of roots,

either turnips or carrots. A. L. K., Carp

Lake, Mich—There still remains some

bacterial infection in your cow’s udder

or else her milk picks up bacteria after

it has been milked. Give her 1 oz. hypo-

sulphite of soda and 1 oz. of bicarbonate

of soda at a dose in feed three times a

day. Salt her well; apply camphorated

oil to udder once a day. Without suitable

instruments you cannot irrigate her ud-

der; therefore, it is needless to suggest

an antiseptic; howcver, if she does not

recover in two weeks. write again.



Abdominal Abscess—My nine-year-old

horse had an abscess on his side near

flank which our local Vet. opened three

months ago. it has never healed, but the

hunch is some smaller. After it was

opened I washed it out with carbolic acid

and water. C. G., Pulaski, Pa.—Aftcr

injecting one part peroxide hydrogen and

three parts water slowly. inject a small

quantity of tincture iodine once or twice

a day for a few days and the discharge

will perhaps cease; if not, pack the open—

ing with equal parts calomel, powdered

alum and iodoform.



Indigestion—Rheumatism—Abscess. — I

have a seven—year-old horse that is thin

and hide—bound; he must be sore on ac-

count of shifting from one foot to another.

Our local Vets. fail to help him. I also

have a flock of ewes dUt‘ to lamb soon,

several of them arc thin and weak. Two

of them had abscesses form under jaw

which I opened, but they both died.

W. J, L., Munith, Mich—Your horse suf-

fers from indigestion and rheumatism;

give him two tablespoonful of the follow-

ing compound powder at a. dose twice a

day: Powdered sulphate of iron, ground

ginger, bicarbonate of soda and fenu-

greek. Your ewes are in an unhealthy

condition, perhaps the result of lack of

proper food supply. Feed them more

nutritious food, plenty of ground oats and

clover hay will help them fully as much

as drugs. Salt them well and give a.

teaspoonful of equal parts of ground gen-

tian and ginger at a dose in feed twice

a day.



Indigestion—Blocked Quarter.-Chickens

are inclined to pull the feathers out of

each other, especially the feathers about

the head. Very little milk came from one

quarter of my cow's udder after she had

been milked for a few weeks after calv—

ing, but now she. is gaining in milk sup—

ply, but still the quarter is not clear.

M A. K., Port Huron, Mich—By giving

your cow 2 drs. iodide potassium at a dose

in feed night and morning for 15 days it

will have a tendency to clear her udder;

besides rubbing the udder twice or three

times a week with iodine ointment will

also help him.



W'arbles, Grub in the Back—What can

be done to cure grubs.in cattle? Besides,

what can I do to prevent them? J. M.,

Lake Odessa, Mich—The treatment for

warbles or grubs consists in opening the

skin, squeezing them out and if all the

grubs were killed that would end the

matter; however, it is the new crop of

bot-flies that causes themand I am in—

clined to think that they will never be

all killed off.



Injured Udder-—Bloody Milk—I have a.

cow that has been giving bloody milk

from one teat for the past two or three

months and she seems to be getting

worse. There is a soft growth or lump

about the middle of teat. Cow is not

hard to milk. L. 13., Sehoolcraft, Mich.—

Ifimilking her causes hemorrhage, use a

milking tube. Perhaps by suspending

that quarter of her udder, she might be

helped. However, drugs do not out much

figure in the treatment of cows that give

bloody_milk for it is usually the result

of an anUI‘y or a tumor that is injured

when the cow is milked. Apply iodine

ointment three times a week.



Chronic Heaves—Breeding Two-year-

olds.—I have a 14-year—old mare that con-

tracted a. cold last winter from which

she has never recovered. She has had a

hacking cough ever since and during the

past four weeks has developed a bad case

of heaves. The mare being with foal, I

am afraid to give advertised remedies

and would like to know if Fowler‘s solu-

tion would. prove injurious to her colt.

I also have a two-year-old filly that 1





THE MICHIGAN FARMBR. '





have been advised to breed this spring.

Do you advise breeding as young as that?

L. H. B., Berrien Springs, Mich—Arsenic

is a valuable drug if prescribed in small

doses and the treatment not kept up .tOo

long. It is one of those poisonscalled

cumulative poisons; therefore, it'is bad

practice to give it too long for fear of it

acting as a poison. You had better dis-

continue feeding any clover, musty, dusty

or badly cured fodder; feed your mare

mostly grain. silage or vegetables and

later feed her grain and grass. She

should be fed very little bulky food but

it must be of good quality and wet'with

lime water, which is made by dropping

a pound or two of lime in a ‘bucket of

water, pouring off the first water, then

fill and use. If your two—year-old filly is

of good size and you feed her well while

in foal it will perhaps prove a profitable

investment to breed her.





Leu—corrhoea.—I bought a cow a short

time ago that was bred in August. Two

weeks ago she came in heat. She has a

whitish discharge that keeps up contin-

ually; besides she is very thin. R, G. L.,

Kalkaska, Mich.—She will not get with

calf until the leucorrhoea is cured. Dis-

solve 2 drs. permanganate of potash in a

gallon of clean water and use not less

than one quart at a time, injecting her

daily. The solution had better be at tepid

heat when used.



Navel Infection—Infected Udder.——My

lambs, when nearly a week old, begin to

drag their hind legs; very soon after they





_grow weak and appear to die of paralysis.





I also have a Jersey cow that gave clot-

ted milk before she was dried. Will her

milk be stringy or clotted when she comes

fresh? A. M. W.. Howell, Mien—Your

lambs died as the result of infection

which makes its way into the body

through navel opening. Apply one part

carbolic acid and 30 parts water twice a

day to young lambs' navels. Your cow

will perhaps give milk of normal quality

when she comes fresh.



Chronic Lymphangitis—Grease Heel.—

My 12-year-old mare was taken with

what our Vet, called lymphangitis and he

treated her for it, but her leg remains

swollen and the back part of leg is

cracked open, the edges of sore being

covered by a hard scab. ' All the treat-

ment the leg has had has failed to help

it much. 0. T., Otter Lake, Mich.—

Your mare first had lymphangitis, now

she has chronic grease heel. Apply one

part oxide of zinc and three parts vase-

line to sore leg twice a day. Give 1 dr.

iodide potassium at a dose in feed twice

a day and give is oz. Fowler's solution

at a dose once daily.



Eversion of Vagina—I have a cow due

to calve in about a month which has for

the past two weeks been troubled with

a sort of casting of her womb; she shows

it most w-hcn lying down. very little can

be seen when she is on foot. F. W. R.,

Ypsilanti, Mich—Your cow no doubt sut-

fcrs from evcrsion of the vagina. If you

keep hcr in stable. Stand her with hind

legs four or five inches higher than fore

and the parts will return to their proper

place. Also inject some of the following

solution into vagina. two or three times

a day. Dissolve 1 oz. acetate of lead in

a gallon of water, adding 8 ozs. tincture

of opium.



Barren Saws—I have two sows that

fail to get with pig and I would like to

have your advice regarding them. A

Subscriber, Aldcrson, Mich.—Dissolve 2

ozs. bicarbonate soda in a gallon of water

and inject the sows night and morning.

If they are barren on account of an acid

condition of the genital tract this will

help them. If they discharge mucus, dis—

solve 1 dr. permanganate potash in a

gallon of water and use this lotion twice

a day.



Partial Loss of Power.——I have a brood

sow that will farrow May 1. She seems

to be losing the use of her hind legs;

when down she requires a little help to

get up, then when she walks she wobbles

and is inclined to put one foot in front

of the other. She is two years old and

weighs 200 lbs. This will be her .second

litter; she has been running in the barn

yard all winter with the cattle and some

shoals. Did not know but she had met

with an injury; her food supply has con-

sisted of separator milk and corn. W.

\\'_ \V., Alamo. Mich—Give her 1A. of a

teaspoonful ground nux vomica and a

teaspoonful of fluid extract of buchu at a

dose in feed three times a day. If her

bowels do not move fl‘l‘CIy feed her vege-

tables, and I might say that vegetables,

oats and oil meal is a good food for her.

Corn is not the kind (it food she should

be fed. Apply spirits of camphor to

spine from root of tail to center of body

twice a (lay.



Azoturiu.—I have a mare that was tak-

en sick while traveling on the road. I

thought she had colic. Her hind quarters

appeared to become paralyzed; she was

down and unable to get up for 10 hours,

then she traveled very lame in one hind

leg. W. F., Isabella, Mich—Your mare

did not suffer from colic, although she

showed symptoms of colicky pains, but

she suffered from azoturia and has doubt-

less recovered from the acute attack.

This ailment usually follows generous

feeding on grain without giving the ani-

mal sufficient exercise. Her hind leg

will doubtless remain weak for some time.

Give 1 dr. ground nux vomica and 4 drs.

ground gentian at a dose in feed twice

or three times a day and apply equal

parts turpentine, aqua ammonia and

sweet oil to hip and stifle daily,





Indigestion—I have a. two-year-old

heifer that came fresh December 4. that

has been giving on an average of eleven

quarts of milk per day. Monday morning

she gave five quarts of milk her usual

amount; Monday night about one pint,

which was dirty and of a. yellow color.

Tuesday morning she failed to give any

milk and has been dry since. Her bag

is not caked and she eats fairly well. F.

L. M., White Cloud, Mich—Your cow

suffered from indigestion and should have

been given not less than 1 lb. or 1% lbs.

of epsom salts as soon as she failed to

give milk. Also give a tablespoonful

powdered satlpeter at a dose twice a day.

Also give 1,5 oz. ground gentian root three

times a day.





APRIL ,9, ms





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points and hints on either target work, trapshooting or in hunting big or little

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with 209 illustrations telling you all about Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols and Rifle Tele-

scopes—the largest assortment of high-grade firearms in the country all made

under one roof.





1. STEVENS ARMS 8 TOOL COMPANY, Dept. 344. CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.

THE FACTORY or PRECISION.





DOUBLE YOUR PROFITS





By“ Using an INDIANA SIL ,,

/





w— W “—' \_/





 





 

 





 

   





Steers fed on corn ensilage, corn and cotton seed meal made

a profit of 811.62 a head more than steers of same breed and

quality fed at same time on full feed of corn and clover hay.





C. P. Sindlinjer, Shelbyvifle. Ind.

Made a gain of 6 pounds per day

for bmonths on a. steer.





   





nays"he makes 0400 each yearmoro

by using an Indiana Silo.’ ’





Howard H. Keim, Ladofia. Ind.

Bought a bunch of dry cows at ”3.00





. . . each. fed them silage 130 days. then



R-D-Mlul Coin-Ina C'ty'hd‘ sold them at 5 cts. per pound. bring-



Feeds as much stock on 40 acres In in: him “0.00 ahead. Henndomoro

his neighbors do on 100 acres. He than double usual profit.





ASK ANY MAN WHO USES ONE





Seven Thousand Indiana Silos are in use on the finest farms

in America.





Factories at Anderson. Ind., Des Moincs. In... Kansas City,Mo.





F REE—Write for Valuable Publications:





CORN SILAGE FOR BEEF PRODUCTION

By U. 8. Experiment Station. Purdue University, Lafayette. Ind.





SILAGE vs. GRAIN FOR DAIRY CATTLE





By Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio





INDIANA SILO BOOK and SILO ADVOCATE





Mention publication you are interested in most. We send these valuable pub-

lications Free to interested persons. Address all letters to the Home on“.





INDIANA SILO COMPANY

.. 382 Unlon Building Anderson, Indiana





MICE—Woo." tho lav-est Silo Manufacturers in the World.





   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





II. I. BEITBE, STEM“ 0F WOMESTEI IISAIE MSHTAL. WRESTEI, “85.. WBIIES I have given





UNICOR’N DAIRY RATION





a test and find it to be a superior feed for making milk. Send for booklet and





 





prices to. GHAPIN & 00., Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.
A15an 9, 1910.





Swollen Sheath—I have a. six-year-old

horse that is troubled with a. swollen

sheath and I have also noticed some

twitching of the muscles of the fore leg,

but the horse is not very sick. I read the

veterinary column every week and appre—

ciate it,very much. C. T., Harbor

Beach, Mich—Swollen sheath is not a

disease and it is not always the result of

sickness, but usually results from gener~

ous feeding and want of sumcient exer-

cise. Give 2 ozs. Giauber’s salts and a

teaspoonful powdered saltpeter at a dose

in feed twice a. day. If he is foul wash

out sheath and oil inside with good

vaseline.



Warts on Cow’s Tongue—My 11-year-

old; cow has grubs or something growing

on her tongue which interferes with the

chewing of food. She does not appear to

grind feed as well as she should. W. VV..

Remus, Micli.——Give her a teaspoonful

flowers of sulphur at a dose in feed three

times a day and dissolve 1/, lb. alum in ,

1 gal. water and wash out mouth twme a

day. If any of the warts have much of

a neck cut them off.



Looseness of the Bowels.—I bought a

cow last fall that had been dry Since

August; She calved in January and since

then has been too loose in the bowels. I

have fed her stock food and changed her

feed, but she remains thin and I would

like to know what to do for her? H. B.

A., Cloverdaie, Mich—Give her 2 drs.

sulphate of iron, 1/3 oz. ginger and 1 dr.

powdered catechu at a dose in feed three

times a day.



Curb—My six—months-old colt has a.

small curb which I would like to have

removed. How can it be done? A. B.,

Detroit, Mich—Apply iodine ointm nt

three times a week.



Weakness—Pigs come

live two or three days and die. Some of

the sows go a few days over time. G. 8.,

Dexter, Mich—The pigs that are born too

soon are generally weak and unless they

receive good care and proper food die.

Drugs will not' help much in this case;

however, I suggest that you disinfect the

pen and make it as clean as possible.



Barren Mare—I have. a mare that

raised two colts which has failed to get

with foal for the past three years. She

is only 12 years old and comes in heat

every two weeks. J. E. B., Fremont,

Mich.—If you are sure that she comes in

heat every two weeks instead of one,

then I doubt if she will ever breed; how~

ever, if she comes in heat every three

weeks inject her with the following solu-

tion once a day: Dissolve 2 ozs. baking

soda in 1/2 gal. clean water and inject her

daily through a rubber tube, using a rub-

ber tube and tin funnel to pour it through.

The yeast treatment proves satisfactory

in many such cases and you might be

making no mistake in giving it a trial.



Chronic Cough—I have a 10—year-old

horse that has been coughing for more

than a. year and I fear that he will get

heaves. Can you tell me what to do for

him? A. C., Allegan, Mich—Give 1/2 dr.

powdered opium, 2 drs. muriate ammonia

and 1 dr. powdered lobelia at a dose in

feed two or three times a day,



Asoturia.—Have been a reader of the

Michigan Farmer for twelve years and

have derived a great deal of benefit from

its veterinary column. Now I wish you

would give me treatment to not only pre~

vent, but cure azoturia. O. F., Shepards-

ville, Mich—By increasing a horse‘s ex-

ercise and decreasing his grain allowance

he will seldomhave azoturia. Feeding idle

horses too much grain usually brings it

on and this ailment is most common in

the winter months and usually affects

fleshy, idle horses that are highly fed on

grain. Keep the bowels and kidneys ac-

tive and exercise your horses every day,

not over—feeding them, and none of them

will have azoturia.



Contracted Feet.——I hare a 12-year-old

horse that has badly contracted feet and

have been treating him according to your





without hair,





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





Don’t Let Your

Horse Lose Spirit





Keep him vigorous, full of power and ambition. Your horse,

remember, takes a small ration compared with the great bulk

daily eaten by a steer or cow. His “fitnesss” therefore, depends

on ability to get all the nutrition out of this smaller feed. Plainly,

he must have a strong and regular power of digestion. Here is

where you can help your horse. Give him, morning and night,

in his grain, a small dose of





DB HESS STOCK FWD





The result will be almost instantly noticeable. If thin, your horse will be-

gin to “fill out;" his dull coat will show gloss; his eyes will sparkle with

zfe, and your dispirited, dragged-out “hack " appear with the “get



up" of a prize winner. All because Dr. Hess Stock Food art: upon

Iii: diguti-ve orgam, gives them strength and tone, and relieves minor ailments. Improving condition

increasing growth and milk production by improving digestion, is “The Dr. llcss Idea." The dose ’

is small and is fed but twice a day. Sold on a written guarantee.

100 “,3, 35,00; Except in Canada and extreme West and South. _

25 II). D.“ 31.00. , Smaller quantities at a shght advance. D R Agfifsdfochfic.fi K.

' Also Manufacturers of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a and Instant Louse Killer.





Free from the lot to the 10th of each month—Dr. Hess (M. D.



D. V. S.) will prescribe for your ailing animals. You can have his

u-page Veterinary Book free any time for the asking.

Mention this paper and inclose 2c. stamp.





 





 

   

   

 

   

   

 





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





.. - - Give aiittle of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a to our la -

DR- HESS POULTRY PAN A CE Aing hens every morning; and don’t for er thg growiiig

chicks, or the old fowls you’re fattingto sell. Pan-a-ce-a is a won erful heip—m fact, it’s the new-9540 asz's on which to

build a successful poultry business. It increases the hen’s power of digestion so that a large percenta e of her food oes into

eggs and flesh—that means economy and profit. In the same way (b aiding digestion) it helps the ittle chick an the old

fowl. It also cures Gapes, Cholera, Roup, etc. A penny’s worth fee 3 30 iowls one day. Sold on a written guarantee.

1% lbs. 25c. mail or express 40c; 5 lbs. 60c: 12 lbs. $1.25: 25 lb. pail $2.50.

(Except in Canada and extreme West an South.)

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48-page Poultry Book free.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 





Shear Your Sheep this Way





and get at least 20 cents worth more wool from each one. Take the fleece



OH in one unbroken blanket and do not cut or in'ure your sheep as with the



old hand shears. Do away, too, with tired, swol en wrists. You can do all

of these things and do them easy by using this





. Stewart No. 8 Shearing Machine





The price,.all complete, as shown, including four





"it. sets of shearing knives is only . . ¢ : ,. 1/; ‘-" ‘ '

Thl l d S

S than: hiesai..d‘il?f:.§é‘:?§13§ '4) . 7.. WILL NOT SCAR 0R BLEMISH.





of any shearing machine ever mace. — 3



The gears are all out (not cast), fr lit)



the solid steel bar. all file hard and



Sgt in an oil baéhi. Tr ehshelaar is the tamous Stewart

em.asuse na'we are - c



the world. 1 3 sheep contries of



We guarantee this in series to please you in e



way or it may be rel .1rned at our expense. v33;

one from your deel 21 , or send $2. 00 and we will

ship C. O. D. for he lance. Write for our 1910

iroo book on wort snoarlnz. Send today.





comes FLEXIBLE sum no. 115 in So". in. cmcoco





commun's

CAUSTIC BALSAM





II the safest and most effective lotion Of

blister for ailments of





HORSES and CATTLE





and supersedes all cautery or drill .



It is prepared exclusively by J. . Gom- l

bault, ex-Veterinary Surgeon to the French

— Government Stud.





 





 





 





 





prescription and he is improving. How-

ever, he is far from well. J. 13., Mount

Pleasant, Mich.—-Blister coronet with cer-

ate of cantharides once a week and stand

him in wet clay two or three hours a day.



Cow Does Not Come in Heat—I have

a c0w that does not come in heat; ther-

fore I would like to know what to do.

F. Y, B., Albion, Micll.—Give 15 grains

powdered cantharides and 1/2 oz. powdered

capsicum at a dose in feed twice a day

for ten days.



Fractured Leg—~Egg Laying Chickens.—

I have a horse that met with an accident

and broke his leg before I bought him

He has been lame ever since. \Vhat

would you advise me to do. Also what

breed of chickens are the best egg pro-

ducers? A Subscriber, Mooretown, Mich.

—When the horse broke his log it was

not properly treated, consequently a fib-

rous union took place instead of a bony

union, which accounts for the soreness

and weakness. There is not much choice,I

in several breeds for egg producers; more:

depends upon the care and management1

of poultry in producing eggs. Cows that‘

are perfectly healthy and do not calve

before the proper time_ generally clean‘

all right. Howver, if they do not it should

be taken away by hand not less than

24 hours after she gave birth to her calf.

Giving drugs before calving to assist their





 





 





As a HUMAN REMEDY tor Rhon-

matlom, Spralno. Sore Throat, 000.. it

to invaluable.



Every bottle of Can-tic Balsam sold II

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 81.50

per bottle. 80 d by druggists or sent by ex-

grgss, charges paid, with full directions for m



s .





nllollmo AT SMALL 0031





The Buckeye Traction Ditcher

exits ditches for form tile





Send for descriptive circulars. testimo-

niolo. etc. Address





on LAWRENCE-WILLIHS mum. Olovolond. Ohio,





 





 





 





 





drainage sit—cm- Later

and faster than is pos-

sible any othe. way.

. A perfect grade at one

cut. Capacity 100 to 150

rods per day. Steam or





_ MlNERAL

J: ml‘wm‘x, H EAVE ..

”to REMEDY





i





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





   





Gasoline power. Your Horse .

. . Write today for new s'l'éltgn‘i3y ‘

illustrated Catalog ‘F.” Address all inquiries “Sales Department." "mum” ,fifi’cfifefiffiga,





 

   

 





 

   





money refunded.

- THE BUCKEYE TRACTION DITCHER co., lillllE ““0““, .-





erio for dooorlptin booklet. A?!





 





 





cleaning is poor practice. It .will pay you





 





better to buy some vegetables. instead of;

bran to feed With clover hay to your cows. i





W. E. Miner, _~“

feeder of Colorado,

future of the lamb market.





 





the well-known lamb‘

is optimistic on the

Most of the





 





Mlnml nom silica; 60.. m mm; M... Duisburg. n.





' Symptoms of Worms





Your . horse has worms





 





 





 





50 Imported Stallions 8: Mares





AT SPECIAL PRICES FOR. 60 DAYS.

rtotion, I will make special prices for those on hand. All young, sound





   





 

 

 





To make room for s new im





 

   

 





 

 





   

 





   

   





 





lambs fed in Colorado have been shipped



out, but there will be 50m? flocks left to and highest Claus SHIBEB. ne style and beat of breeding. Agealiandtiyesra. Weight 1775 to 1950. ,, if h. h" any 0! these

firmlgénaleong, as tuhsual, u‘llm laté} in May] AISOWELSH MOUNTAIN PONIES 0F BEST TYPE. Write for particulars. . ' :{gfipfiomsz afili'vononeon.

A . ‘ . 1. ’S . , ., ,



)2“.an rhiniilat, oiirgtii‘elr 523%.»: 39:31; Tm GEORGE E. BROWN, Aurora, Illinois. ~ : rouuh"co.{.‘i hi3.ho.§:';

the market down, and predicts high prices. y-oeven miles from Chicago by 0., 8.4: Q. and 0. dz N. W.: also trolley trains every hour, \ a It gfigdruflblunthrlfw con-

He says: “To be sure, present prices are ‘ ' - H ‘ ‘ recall}. oaglng, an."

very satisfactory now to the Colorado on passing





feeder, but when one has to pay drug

store prices for hay and corn lofty prices

are needed to make the owner any profit,

I believe we are in for an era of high'

prices for all kinds of live stock. I have

been over Nebraska, and other western

states quite extensively and never saw

hogs and cattle so scarce. Empty feed

lots are to be seen in every direction

where there were formerly thousands of

stock on feed." i





Save Jobbers, Wholesalers and Dealers Profits





Buy Form Trucks and Wogono Direct from Factory at Mann

future" can with but ONE small per cent profit added.

Don't hi] to occurs our prices. We defy competition either in

price or quality and gust-nus tonne you from $5 to $15 on

every soar. Strictly hish rude in fiery plrliculor. Double



and thlmblo lkoin or Americon Tubular Stool uolo. The

poor of All whack—16 Ipokoo inotold of 12

"Niko: “has a boltifl A cord will bring catalog showing difloront

I on capoc es s no r on It

Now. Yours for olipol-iorpqunlit:fl ill "um-t" you. DO





lllllSIIIlE “ll“ 5 WAGON 60.. Deni. F. lllllsdalo. Mich,





_ ’ worms.

llli. FAIR’S NEW WORM REMEDY

gugyen) mauf‘oggaitn kills worms 'in two

Bevel: hugts the hots: or €5...‘$2§3."°”‘ but

60 Horse Doses ӣ33313" Shoo

DR. FAIR VETERINARY REMEDY 00..

W. G. FAIR. V. 8.

5712-1 4 Carnegie Av... Cleveland. 0.
new





402" (10) "





 

 

 





Don’t Get Me Confused

with Retail Dealers or

General Catalog Houses





APRIL 9', 191'6‘.‘





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. =





125 Styles

at a Saving

to You of





 

 

 





AM a manufacturer of vehicles. ‘With my big volume

of business I can sell the dealer at lower prices than he

could buy from any other manufacturer—but I don’t





One of My '0





 

     

 





do business through the dealer.





 





 





H You may hear a lot of this homes-‘patronafge talk—but , I . g g . \\ [71/



.C.Phelpl what does it mean to on ?—$26. out 0 your own " . . ‘ v ‘W’A y '3



gmrhclwor- I am a manu- pocket. y . n "_,, 1. -afl-‘Wh’tt sea



glcskcry iacturer. I make That $26.50 1'“ “we you. V ‘: _‘ L, '“o—' “a...

ll ' l





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





every vehicle I sell

and sell every vehicle

I make direct to user.

Let me pay postage on

my 1910 Split Hickory

Book to Your Home. It’s

Free. Shows 125 Styles.

All at Factory Prices.





H. C. Phelps





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





If you love the dealer—or he happens to be your

brother-in-law—you may want him to have that extra

profit—but I want people to know that I can save them

that amount of money it they want to save it.



And don’t get the idea that because the general “Cat”

house sells by mail that it saves you money on vehicles.

They don’t manufacture vehicles. They must add their

profit to the maker’s price.

extra profit—





Don’t pay





"8..





you want.





Buy Your Buggy Direct

From the Manufacturer





My factory is the largest in

America making vehicles and

harness exclusively.

every vehicle I sell and sell every

vehicle I make direct to the

users. That’s why I’ll save you

from 25% to 40% on any style of

buggy, carriage or road wagon

Make your road

tests and your comparisons

in quality and price. If the





anybody an





I make





200,000 customers.

Write for book by next





   

 





‘7.)

\





25 % Guaranteed Saving. LetMe Pay Post-

age on My Big 1910 Book to Your Home





Send Postal Today for my Big, Free Book, the finest

vehicle portfolio and catalog ever issued. Get my 1910

prices first and see my 125 styles oi quality Split Hickories.

It costs only a penny to know. You can always buy from

the other fellow if you choose.



I’ve been in this business eleven years.

millions for vehicle buyers and can prove it.

I’ll refer you to some near you.





H. C. Phelps, President

The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Station'.'32. Columbus, Ohio





buggy I send isn’t right in every way; if I haven’t saved

you at least 25%, send it back and I’ll return every cent of

your money. , Can you aiford to deliberately pass up this—-





 

 





I’ve saved

I have





mail.





 





Try





NV





Stanchion.





lid-fer Carrier 3.!!! Cow Stall





Absolutely Free of Risk





1 want to furnish you whatever barn equipment you need—a single stall or a barn iull—





with my p0 tive guarantee oi satisfaction with every part.





can save you money and





show you ho to arrange your stalls and equip your barns to the best purpose.





Among Progressive and Practical Dairymen there is no question that

James Sanitary Stalls and Aligning Stanchions and

James Feed and Litter Carriers





IQVI





, are the standard for Sanitation. Convenience and Cow Comfort. Latest i '_

5AM “I’D“: provemonts place them more than ever beyond comparison with any _ ;.T'fT'!"=





other equipment. Endorsed by Business Dairymen. approved by





representatives of the U. 5. Bureau of Animal Husbandry.

Send for prices and full particulars regarding James Sanitary Cow Stalls and Align-

ing Stanchions. Also get my Feed and Litter Carrier Catalog.





is W. D. James. Han. KENT MFG. C0.. 131 Cue St- Ft. Atkinson. Wis.





 





 





KEKIUNGA STUCK FARM





DECATUR, IND.,





Importers and breeders of





Belgianél’ercheron





Stallions and Mares.





 





Our last lm rtation arrived last November. and

are in s very 330a condition and of the VERY BEST

TYPICAL DRAFT QUALITY. We have over 00

held of Stallions an? More- "mt? twlp to 3‘2: £33:

tor sole. and we inv te proupsec ve uye

to our home where he will find THE IDEAL

DRAFT HORSE. of both breeds above mentioned.



Our terms are liberal. and every sale is backed up

with the best oi guarantee. _



Write. or better—come and see us. Addrm





FRISINGER 8 SPRUNGER. Doooiur. Indiana.





m Perchero Stallions M





ii

=and Ma res=





imported and pure bred registered



Stallions from. . .. .. ..$400 to $1200.



Mares from ..... . . . . . . . .$250 to $600.

Write {or Art Blotter.





BURTON {-1 CO., Kenton,0hio.

FOR SALE nonsns:¢;?‘%:£‘..°io“f§1





Private Sale: daily. A number of drsft and farm

horses always on hand including some city more: n

little pavement core suitable for ism work. All

homes sold on In re resented or money refunded.



J08. 0330 HORSE MARKET.

475 Grntlot Ave.





 





 





Detroit. allelic”.

[II :II ' -Briilisnt bred registered Perch-

. oron sum. 5 yen- old. com





flack 16 hands h h. Wei 1000 lbs. Bound and

are. 3):“ phone. I8J. C. BUfiER. Portland. Mich.‘





 





 

   





2 ”i L L





PH ILA. '73)





lmpregnalors for Mares and (lows





From $2.50 U . Artificial Impregnators are

"Easy to Use”. rite ior pamphlet. >





GEO. P. FILLING 8 SON 00., Philadelphia, Pb.





FREE BOOK





For Every Living Thing on the Farm

Humphreys’ Veterinary Specifics.





500 Page Book free, on the Treatment and

Care of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Dogs,

Hogs and Poultry, also Stable Chart to

hang up, mailed free. Humphreys’Med. Co.

106 William Street. New York.



5* menu an assurances





Jack and Jenny and yearling Jack also other

pmperty. E. A. LIVINGSTON. St. Johns. Mich





 





 





 





—H oraea. Cattle. Sheep Hogs. Dogs

For sale or Poultry. nearly all breeds. Siren

exchnnged. Southwest Michigan Pedigrecd “lock

Association. R. E. Jennings. Sec.. Paw Paw. Mich.





 





 





BREEDIIS’ IillBC'l'illiY.





CA‘I'I LE.





' Berkshire swine. lugs for

Ayrshm Bu" Balm- ..m... m... b... I“...

White & Bud Orpingtons. White dz Barred c a.

Light Brahmas. White Mghomu and White Wynn-

dottea '1 per 15. Mich. School for the Dent. Flint.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





b UNDULA'I‘A BLACKDIRD

{1133333333 on); of the best son- of PRINCE ITO

50006. and Grand Champion Bull at the Detroit

and Grand RlDldl Fair: of 1M. 1908 and 1909. Herd





Erica. Blockblrdn. Prldu. etc.

“mm o' groan lunar. Xenia. Mich.





' Iin rte I): h

laple Bldxo Farm shrines... mm. .31..

wants. E. a J. T. MILLER. Birmingham. Mich.

WWW“. 03.10315” l Holstein cattle.

Knit-ore min-ted lids Fried-3 Cows





toll-

tlr f rm In the Middle West. Registered

nd‘angAngu o! the most fashionable breeding.





FOR SALE’MWM‘”? a‘fifiri’unb‘m‘i'

calves—tho oldest established herd in 1nd.

W. O. JACKSON. 715 Box at. Booth lend. Ind.





mums fliiESiAl “flaw-."cfig:





Mercedes Royal King. w. B. Jones. on “yum.





TOP NOTCI‘I HOLSTEINS.





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

bining in themselves the blood oi cows which now

hold and have in the post held World’- Records for

milk and butter-int st islr prices.



McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mich.





OLSTEIN-FRIESIAN HERD BOOKS Wanted.

particularly Vol. 18. Alchols. 1, 2& 4 at the Blue

Book. What have you to alter? Box 7. Eden. Mich.





HE HOLSTEIN BULL Almeda Paul De K01 No

44206, is ior sale. Hi: sire is s grandson of

Alta Pouch 27.2 lbs. butter. and his dam Almedo

Concordia De K01. 21.09 lbs. butter in 7 days le grand

doughtcr ct Ssdiovole Concordia 30.10 lbs. butter in '1 days.

Bull culve- trom A. R. 0. dsml. L. E. Council, Fayette, Ohio.





BULL CALF f t

HOLSTEIN best ismllies r3?) twin:

breed. 0. D. WOODBURY. Lansing, Michigan.

HEREFORDSrfis‘ssgurodrlmt

China hogs. R. E. ALLEN. Pow Pow. Mich.





JERSEY BULL CALF born May 12. '09. Dom

gave 10,950 lbs. milk. inst your test 55. Site’s Dom’s

record 10.060 lbs. in 10% months. test 5.2%. TB:

MllRRAY-WATEBMAN 00.. R. 6. Ann Arbor. Mich





Northern Grown Jeree s.

ROYCROH FARM. SIdnnW. Mic .





BUTTER BRED ”gaggle“

CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allecnn County. Michigan.





Pure Si. Lambert JERSEYS grunge-.3? ”.25;

CLARENCE BRISTOL. Fenton. Mich. R.F.D.No. 5.





Jersey Bulls, Bows and Heifers





Island and St. Lambert breeding. Also some

choice grade heiferI.





DUROC JERSEY SOWS





Choice individuals and popular blood lines. Inspec-

tion invited. Full information cheerfully furnished.

It you cannot visit our tum at once write





BROOKWATER FARM. Ann Arbor. Mich.

A. W. MUMFORD. Manager.





LlLLlE FARMSTEAD JERSEY S





We have home splendid young bulls for sale. Some

of them are old enough for service. They are from

cows with record- oi lit) to 425 pounds 0! butter last

year. Writs torldeocri tion and prices.



COLON 0. LI IE. Cooper-ville. Mich.





Register oi Merit Jerseys. ”$3.31?”

'I‘. F. MARS’I‘ON. Boy City. Miehlau.





BI DWELL STOCK FARM.





FOR SALE-40 Bog. Shorthorn Bulls.





All good. reds and room. from 12 to 24 months old.

from the best of breeding at .75 to 0125 each. Some of

them Scotch and Scotch-topped. of the herd heading

type. Also, young cows and heifers. all ages. Fifty

head in herd. Form—Two blocks from Lek. Shore

Station. L. I. BIDWELL. Tecumseh. Michigan.





D Al RY nan SHOBTIIORls—No stock

tor sale at present. Visitors

J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





welcome.





1 30 Reg. Rsmbolllet Ewes for sole. descended



from the bent flock: and bred to a pure Von

Homeyer and a run sired by s Gilbert ram and im-

ported dam. All in perfect health. In lots to suit buy.

ere—none reserved. J. Q. A. Cook. Morrice. Mich.





H065. .





LARGE ENGLISH BERKSHIBES.





Have a. line lot of spring pigs. both sexes. The type

for profitable pork production. Vigorous end strong

and oi beat blood lines. Satisfaction guaranteed.





r. A. “mm, Memphis, Mich.





 





 





 





 





l'lUPP FARM BERKSHIRES ! .





WON 189 PRIZES IN 1909.

Stock of both sexes and all ages for sale. Breeders

of Guernsey Cattle. M, B. Turkeys. Barred Rock

Chickens,Pekin Ducks. GEO. C. HUPP, Mun.

Drawer-A Birmingham Michigan.





BERKSHIRE Unexcelled in breeding. Selected

boars. sows and guts. Choice 1311

pigs. T. V. HICKS. R. No. 11. Battle Creek. Mich.



0R SALE—BERKSHIBES—Two choice Sept.





boar pigs. and a few tall gilts. oiled by Handsome

Prince. A. A. PATTULLO. Dcokervlile. Mich





BERKSHIRES $313.33":





typo andhtroins. C. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





ililllTilEiiii GROWN IEHKSI'iliilcfiES.





ROYCROFT FAR III. SHIIW.





 





 





 





 





 





lllllTAdll ggngogflggsggrn miss





The peer I iv n m as pigs for sale.

WILL W. F SEER. Watervliet. Michigan.





DAMS BROS. thchfleld. Mich. breeders oi Im-

proved Chenter White and Tamworth swine.

Pigs. either brood, by hi prise State Fair winneu. Bufl

Roi! Wyondothe eggs $1 per 15; W. Orpington $3 per 15.





 





 





—-Bred sown all cold. A



improved Chosters ,6... you... .0... mm,

for service. Orders taken for spring furrow.



W. 0. WILSON. Okemos. Mich. (Both Phones).





DUROC J ERSEYS





CAREY U. EDNIONDS. III-duo. Mich.





LLRIJT HILL FARM Hard of Duroel. Bred down all Iold.

. 35 fine tall rows, 15 fine toll boon ready for service. 100

spring pigutodste. Write J. C. Bornoy, Goldwater, lick.





MULE FOOTED HOGS‘“"3°'





_ for so .

Largest hard in the U. S. Five big herd Boers. 1.

JOHN H. DUNLAP. Willinmsport. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





0. I. C. bred sows all sold. fifimfi‘;

hand. GEORGE P. ANDREWS. Danavme. Mich.





0. I. c. REGISTERED PIGS. 10 to 12





 





weeks from World’s Fair winners.-

Glenwood Stock Farm, Zeeisnd. Mich. _ Phone 94.,





 





o I C -—A low bred sows. Orders booked for

' 0 ' spring pigs from very choice stock. palm

not akin. S. J. COWAN. Rockford, Michigan





 





SHEEP.





P

Oxford-Down Sheep ‘33,..1“.5°

cattle ior lilo. A. D. &J. A. DEGABMO. Knit. Mich





PARSONS OXFORDDOWIS





lso registered Hormone Notional Delane- snd Block

tgop deioines. Home. Parson. Grand Lodge.Mlch





OXFORD DOWNS $33533





sole. H. J. De GAB-X0. B. No. l. Clydl. Mich.





OCKLAIIDFARM DELAINES~A low ewes

bred to choicemmo forth. mo trade. Prices

right. D. E. TURNER & SONS. Moshcrville. Mich.





I'm Hill

weightings? mm

mafia-Ra. wm mun-minno-





'ynrllcowuorn-tnlloonmnd ew- wk]:

iamummu '





 





r.. s. prism-r 3.33%. Concord. m





 





—Ordern booked for l ri pigs

0. I- C. from State Filr win:9 11;





"I.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Nick.





30 P c F‘" P' :——by two champion boon. Book-

. - lg his order- for weaned pigs by

10 different bcsrs. WM. WAFFLE. Goldwater. Mich.





EAVY BONED POLAND-CHINA PIGS It





reasonable prices. from big. business Bor-

red Rocks 31 per 15. ROBERT NINE. I’ierson. Mich.





- ' ‘ POLAND CHINAS. Jan

hm wmnms Pekin Ducks. Embden 8mm

and Bud Turkey; Zach Kinne. Three Oaks. Midh.

P0] “in CHIVAS—awkhm order: for spring



plgl. Nothing else toofler.





WOOD & SONS. Sallie. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





553. MW“ English Volatiles:





{ now AIncite googptoeptemw ber gilt: brod It;

I out ugnst or an . Spring “no

man. Pdnndokfl. 881W ‘



001M 0. MIMI..M mos.





 





 





; .I__ -___...___.





. ____, .__.-. .-_-. ,
APRIL 9, 1910.

y-rv-





 





 





E THE DAIRL :





, m





WM

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.

CHEAPER PROTEIN DESIRED,





 





As I have been a reader of your valued

paper for some time I would like to know

if there is a cheaper way to secure pro-

tein than to buy gluten at $1.65 per cwt.

as we are now paying? Analysis: Pro-

tein, 24 to 27 per cent; fat, 2.50 per cent;

fiber, 8.50 per cent. How would this com-

pare with oat and pea meal, or pea meal

alone? Or could you advise some other

cheaper way of securing the protein for

roughage? I feed clover hay and corn

fodder.



Newaygo Co. D. R.





Feeding stuffs certainly are exceedingly

high and I cannot blame dairy farmers

for figuring on getting cheaper sources of

protein to balance up a home-grown ra-

tion. And if these high prices of feeding

stuffs simply set farmers to thinking, they

will undoubtedly succeed in reducing the

cost of rations which will reduce the cost

of production. Gluten feed at the price

quoted by Mr. Roush probably furnishes

digestible protein as cheap as you can get

it in any of the commercial feeding stuffs,

like cottonseed meal or oil meal. Perhaps

you could get it a little cheaper in cotton-

seed meal. But the manufacturer of these

commercial feeding suffs generally fig-

ures to have the protein cost about as

much in one as in the other. There is

certainly very little difference. Cotton-

seed meal in this respect in past years

has been considerably cheaper than other

feeds but the advance in price of that

puts it more nearly on a par with the rest

of them this year. The further certainly

wants to get all the protein he can out

of the roughage which he grows on his

own farm, consequently, he should grow

the right roughage as near as possible.

He ought to grow all of the good clover

hay, or alfalfa hay, that his cows will eat.

There isn’t any question but what the

protein you get out of the clover or alfalfa

hay which you grow upon your farm is

the cheapest kind of protein that is avail-

able. These foods, however, are too bulky

to get best results without feeding some

concentrated grain in connection with

them; hence, the idea of growing Canada

field peas in connection with oats. Oats

are not overly rich in protein and we sow

oats with Canada peas simply to have

the oats hold the pea vines up so they

can be more cheaply harvested by means

of a modern self-binder. Thatis the only

reason that oats are put in. “'hat we

want is the peas which are rich in pro-

tein, containing 20 per cent of digestible

protein.



Now, if you can raise good crops of peas

and oats, I have no doubt but that the

protein thus obtained is cheaper than any

concentrated food that you can buy, But

on the other hand, if you raise small crops

of peas and oats, it will be dear protein,

so it all depends upon the skill of the

farmer and the production of the crop.

if you can raise 50 bushels of peas and

oats to the acre, you can get fairly cheap

protein, but if you only raise 20 bushels

to the acre you have got dear protein.

If you raise only 20 bushels of peas and

outs to the acre. it is probably cheaper

to buy gluten feed at $1.65 a hundred than

it is to grow peas and oats. It all de-

pends upon the yield. IVhile the cost of

feed is exceedingly high the dairyman

ought not to be discouraged because the

price of dairy products is advanced in

proportion to the feed. If he could make

money a few years ago with cheaper

feeds at the price he then received for his

products, he should be able to make

money now because he is getting propor-

tionately better prices for dairy products.

Hence, there is no excuse for cutting

down the ration of the dairy cow. She

ought to be fed liberally just as well now

with high~priced feed as she was years

ago with low-priced feeds.





__





SOY BEANS FOR PROTEIN.





 





 





I saw in The Farmer an article on soy

beans for hog feed, stating that it con-

tained 30 per cent of digestible protein.

Now, would this take the place of cot-

tonseed meal with ensilage for milch cows

and is it a good grain for cows? Is so,

about how much seed should one sow per

acre? My soil is a sandy loam. Will cot-

tonseed meal cause abortion?



Wayne Co. E, A.



SOy beans are rich in protein‘ and would

make an excellent food to mix with corn

silage to make a balanced ration for the

dairy cow. The only trouble with soy

beans is that they do not do well 'in this

climate. They grow well in the south, but

here the seasons are too short to produce

best results. If you have etxremely warm





THE MICHIGAN





land, and a good, dry, warm summer, you

can grow good crops of soy beans, but

the crop is not reliable. If you have never

grown them, I would advise you to grow

a. small acreage at first until you learn

something about the plant and what you

can do with it. If you have mature soy

beans to grind into s0y bean meal, you

can substitute this, pound for pound, with

cottonseed meal andget splendid results.

No one can tell anything about what

yields you can get of soy beans.



As to whether cottonseed meal tends

to produce abortion in cows or not, some

people are suspicious that it does. but

those who have never fed cottonseed meal

have abortion in their cows. We never

had any direct evidence to show that it

has any such effect.



“—fi—fl





DOORS FOR SILO, ETC.





 





I am getting out material for my lath

and plaster silo. Would like to ask a

few questions through The Farmer. The

silo is 12x36 ft. I would like to know how

large the doors should be and how far

apart. Are the doors hinged or loose?

If the doors are made to fit tight, it

occurs to me that they will swell and be

inclined to spread the silo. Do you think

the cylinder type of ensilage cutters are

as satisfactory as the fly-wheel cutters?

I expect to hire a threshing engine to fill

with. What size filler should I buy and

which would be preferable—one of the

cylinder type cutters with the enclosed

steel carrier or the fly-wheel cutter with

blower? Would you buy the traveling

table? How would you build the ladder

for the silo? Did you use building paper?



Isabella Co. SUBSCRIBER.



We made the doors in our silo three

feet square and put them three feet

apart. That is, we put the first ones

three feet from the bottom of the slim,

and then put in a door three feet square.

and then went up three feet farther and

put in another door, and so on, The doors

are not hinged, but are made so that they

can be taken out and put in. As I ex-

plained before in The Farmer, we set the

studding where we'wanted the door, with

a slight flange, having the wide opening

toward the silo. Then we made our door

frame with a flange both on the bottom

and on the top, and then the door is made

double boarded with tarred paper be—

tween. The opening of the door being a

little larger in toward the silo than out,

we have no trouble in getting the door

out when we come to remove the en-





 

 





 





silage. They have never swelled suffi-

cintly so that there was any danger of

spreading the silo. In fact, the doors are

made of matched lumber, one layer put

in the opposite direction from the other,

which acts very much like veneering and

keeps the door from spreading, or getting

larger. Making the jamb of the door at

a bevel in this way, gives you a chance

to have the door fit perfectly tight.



A cylindrical silo is very much better

than a square or rectangular silo. There

are no corners in a cylindrical silo for

the ensilage to spoil in. Corners are not

packed as well as other parts of the silo,

the ensilage does not settle as well where

there is liable to be a little spoiled en—

silage, but with a. cylindrical silo this is

entirely done away with. Then, with the

same amount of material you can build a

stronger structure in the form of a cylin-

der than you can with angles in it. Build

a round silo by all means, nothing else

should be built.



Buy a good-sized ensilage cutter, one

that has a capacity of cutting 100 tons.

There isn’t any danger in getting one too

large. If you are going to have a gang

of men you want an ensilage cutter with

capacity enough so that you can keep

them to work. I don‘t know much about

ensilage cutters with knives on the fly

wheel. I have heard people say that those

with the knives on the fly wheel did not

cut the ensilage as short as the other

kind, but I cannot see why this would be

so. If you buy an ensilage cutter, get one

with a traveling feed table. It is ex-

tremely hard work to feed an ensilage

cutter all day long if you haven’t got a

traveling feed table. Otherwise the man

who does the feeding has to lift every

bundle of corn and place it in the roll

while, with a traveling feed table this

is all done by the engine.



The best place to put the ladder for the

Silo is in the silo chute. You want to

build a little chute about four feet square

up over the door of the silo, extending

from the top to the bottom. This protects

all the openings from weather, gives you

a chance to go up on the inside of this

chute and get into the silo. Now, on one

side of this chute build your ladder. Then

you climb up this ladder and get into

your silo. This is the only practical place

for the ladder. I did not use any building

paper in the construction of my silo ex-

cept in making the doors. These were





 





 





FARMER. (11) 403





THE BEST INVESTMENT

ANY cow OWNER

EVER MADE





 





 





 





That’s what MORE THAN A MILLION COW

OWNERS the world over have found the DE LAVAL

CREAM SEPARATOR to be, after thirty years of

separator use.





A DE LAVAL FARM SEPARATOR costs from $40

to $175 according to capacity. It saves butter fat and

produces a cream of superior quality over any setting system

or any other separator every time it is used,—twice a day

every day in the year.





 

   

 

   

   

   

 





It involves far less labor ;than any setting system, and

runs easier, has greater capacity and lasts from two to ten

times longer than any other separator.





That’s how a DE LAVAL separator saves its cost at

least the first year, and frequently in a few months, and then

goes on doing so right along for an average naughty years.





 

   

   

   





So far as other separators are concerned they leave off

Where the IMPROVED DE LAVAL machines begin, and

the DE LAVAL makers, with thirty years of experience

in separator construction and development, have forgotten

more about separators than all the others know. In fact

it’s What the DE LAVAL has forgotten and discarded that

the others use.





That’s what makes the DE LAVAL CREAM SEPA-

RATOR the best investment any cow owner ever made,

and an investment no cow owner can have sound reason for

delaying to make.





 

 

   

   

   

 

 





 





   

 





And in buying a DE LAVAL machine you don’t

have to part with one cent until you have satisfied yourself

that every word of all this is simple truth.





 

   





Any desired separator information can be had of the

nearest DE LAVAL agent or of the Company directly.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR C0.





165-167 BROADWAY 42 E. MADISON STREET





 





 





 





 





DRUMM & SACRAMENTO 8T8





 

 





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

178-177 WILLIAM STREET 14 & 16 Parucnss STREET 1018 WESTERN A

WINNIPEC SEATTLEVENUE





   





MONTREAL
Fan-u." - ‘





 





/





The 1910 Interlocking 3010





U. S. grinding





are money earners, being cream

savers. Pan-American World's

Record proves it, Seattle





Grand Prize assures it.

Buying a



U. S.



is not

u “EX'

pense”





Year in and year out they run without

a. hitch, ever making money,

never making trouble.



lst. The U. S. skims the cleanest.



2nd. The U. S. is built the strongest.



3rd. The U. S. is the easiest to clean.



4th. The U. s. is the most convenient.



5th. The U. S. requires least power.

The U. S. defeated all other Sepsrltoro at

Seattle on these five essential points and





If your dulsr cannot supply you. send

us his name and ask for Catalogue 11]

just out. The but ever issued by any

Separator company.





Vermont Form Machine CC-





 





 

 





SEPARATOR





Leads the World





THISOFFER IS NO

CATCH. It is: solid. fair

and square proposition to fur-

nish a brand new, well made

and well finished cream sep-

arator complete. subject to a

, long trial and fully guaran-

' tee . for $15.95. It is dif-

ferent. from anything that has

ever before been oflered.

Shims l quart of milk a ml -

ute. hot or cold. makes thick

or thin cream and does it

lust as Well as any higher

.. ms . Suitable for

i dairy. hotel. restau-



and private families.

my boy or girl can run it

sitti down. The era

only Inches long. Just

think of that! The bowl is a

sanitary marvel; and

cleaned and embodies a1





   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 





 





our latest improvements.

Gears run in anti-friction

bearings and thoroughl pro-

' ' tected. Before you sold.

on a cream separator of any

capacity whatever, obtain our

D 5! Our lib-



. , . if oral long ll... trial and pen-

mus ms of urchaso wu1 astonish you. Our own

manufacturer's? guarantee protects {on on every

ericsn Separator. We ship tmmedia ely. Western

orders tilled from Western pomts. Write us and get.

our great offer and handsome free catalog, ADDRESS.





 

   

 





   





THE "MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





double boarded, with tarred paper be-

tween. But in making a lath and plas-

tered silo there is no need of paper, if

you lath on the inside and then plaster.





____





CAPACITY OF’ covV STABLE.





 





V‘Vill you kindly advise me through the

columns of your paper, in the building of





 





.3 row burn. At present I have u sheep





shed with dimensions 24x30 feet. This

I wish to move nearer the road, at which

place the cellar is being dug. \Vould like

to place a. row of stanchions on two sides.

facing each other. They will have to

run the short way of barn. \V'ill build

silo on north cud. and cement will be

used on cellar bottom. How many cows

could this barn, so arranged, accom-

modate?

Lenawce Co. T. J. C.





Thirty feet in width is hardly wide





 





 

   

 





 

 

 





enough to have tw0 rows of cows in a

stable with a drive allcy between, having

the cows face the outside. Thirty-six

feet is just about the right width. I

-would sooner how it 38 feel than her.

'rower. I think if I only had 30 feet in

width for the two rows of cows I would

' have the cows face the centcr with a nur-

t-ower feed alley, and then have two alloys

back of the cows and use a manure can

x'ler to convey the manure out doors. I

think this would be better with this width

of ham than to attempt to get the alley

back of the cows -wide enough to drive

through a manure spreader. This stable

which will only be 24 feet long will only

hold 12 cows, six on a side. You cannot

‘ get along with a cow stall much less than.

.three and one-half fcct from center to

center. This would give you room for

six cows on a side and then leave an

alley three feet Wide to pass from the

rear of the cows to the head of the cows

in feeding. This would leave you no

room for box stall or for any calf pens.

They, the calves, will have to be kept in

a separate building and when a. cow is

sick, for instance, at time of parturition,

you ought to have a box stall and this

must be located in some other building.

The only difficulty in locating this box

stall in another building is that that

building is not apt to be of the same tem—

perature as the one the cow has been

used to living in, and there is danger of

her contracting a cold. Otherwise it will

work all right. In some respects it is

better to have a hospital away from the

living room of the cows. Animals affected

with contagious ailments are safer re-

moved from the others.





 





THE MODEL STALL AGAIN.





 





Will you kindly give me instructions for

making model cow stall?



Van Buren Co. 0. A. I.



I have attempted to describe the model

stall a number of times in the Michigan

Farmer, but it seems that I made poor

work out of it because people do not un-

derstand it. I suspect, however, that we

are having new subscribers from time to

time and they do not all see this de-

scription. The model stall is constructed

as follows: Make a cement feed manger

four inches deep, having bottom on a level

with the floor the cow stands on, the

floor slanting from this manger back to

the gutter, say a half inch or perhaps an

inch every five or six fcct. Eighteen

inches above this feed manger (or grain,

or ensilagc manger. as it is usually

called), have the bottom of your hay

manger. This should ho narrow, not over

six inches~—pcoplc usually make it out of

a 2x6. On the side of this toward the

cow, make the hay manger out of four-

inch slats slats slanting back toward the

cow at an angle of about 45 degrees. ()n

the other side of this hay manger you

board it up till your manger is four feet

and one—half high from the floor. ‘The





“Egg!" SEPAflATOHcQIBAlfig‘Ifld."-Yo slats on the cow's side of manger should





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The only thoroughly manufactured

Silo on the market. Full length ltnv‘.

» . Continuous door frame complete with

! ladder. Triple beveled silo door with

hinges. Equipped with extra heavy



hoops at bottom.





x lakes winter feed equal to June

grass. THE ROSS will more than pay

for lie)! in one season. Wrih “-

day for catalog which gives facts that



c l wi lssve you money. Agents wanted.



‘ The El We R038 Co.(EBt.1M0)

Box 14 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ALUNDUM GRINDER

STEEL mus—m1 POWER Fully 4.

With Emery Dresser Guaranteed

Wrench, Mower Wheel

Clamp, Alundum Wheels

for sharpeni Mow er





 

 





 





dam—the most wonderful

ohor on b at c n c o

3‘13 ‘3? ”'1’: '3...”



s e s amon , s

in time. later





was" drlwils:t.:II5 .

energies. . - $9 I o





moo ‘





 





 





 





18‘ Pork Street -:- -2-

—:





llort thinmon, Wis.





 





 





slant back so that from the boards to the

top of the slats it is two feet and a half.

This gives ample capacity for hay. For

a partition between the cows put a 2x4

from the top of the slats back, to say a

foot back of the cow, and this is attached

to a 2x4 which is put permanently on the

cement floor by having spikes bcddcd in

the cement. Then this is boarded up for

the partition between the cows. It is

not necessary to have a gutter with the

Hoard model stall. The gutter is simply

used by most people, myself included. as

the handy place to throw manure until it

is hauled out, but the gutter has nothing

to do with keeping the cow clean. When

the cow is standing up in her stall eating

out of the lower manger, eating her grain

or ensllage, she'is just as far ahead as

she can possibly get. You notice where





sshe stands with her hind feet. Then you





put a'2x4 across the stall edgewlse, just

in front of the cow’s. hind feet and tack





 





" it on the sides. Now the space between

‘t‘hat'2x4 and the grain manger gradually

fills up with bedding and gives the cow 8





APRIL, 9, , 1.9131:





 





mattress four inches deep to lie upon.

The cow cannot get onto this with her

hind feet to soil it, and when she. lies

down she must step up and lie upon this

bed. or else she must lie over the edge

of the 2x4. This is not a very comfort-

able position and she soon learns to step

up and lie on the clean bed. This is the -

philosophy of the Hoard model stall. A ~

clear idea. of the stall can be had by

nrefully noting the illustration run in the

Dairy Department of last weeks issue of

The Farmer. That stall is not identical

with the one here described but is con-

structed after the same principle.





GRADING MILK AND CREAM.





 





 





The agencies such as our dairy and

food department, city inspection bureaus.

etc., created to discover the causes Iof

poor milk and cream, and empowered to





Drivenilomj





This rsonal, unsolicited letter

from t e first purchaser of a .-





Sharples Tubular

Cream Separator





in Kearney Coun , Nebraska. You

could not ask a be ter one.





" Minden, Neb., March let, 1910.

To Farmers: Ibought the first Sharplee

Tubular No. 4 that was sold in Kearney

County. ll years ago. This machine has

been in constant use ever since and I be-

lieve it is as good as the day I bought it. I



have been milking from 6 to 14 cowsdurin



these years. until two years ago. when

turned the machine over to m son. who is

still using it on the farm. is machine





has not cost us one cent for airs of an





 





 





supervise such regulations as will over-

come or old to overcome those causes are

sufficient evidence that there exists a real

need of better conditions in the average

dairy for the production of these products

Much has been done by way of education.

But educational influences have been

nullfied in part by the fact that careful

men are given the ’same price for their

milk and cream as are offered the careless

dairy for the production of these products

clean milk than it is to produce dirty

milk. The manufacturers and distribu-

tors, therefore, by giving one price to

every producer, really gives a. premium

to the careless producer and encourages

him thereby to continue producing ‘milk

in a filthy stable whereas, the party who

is of a disposiition to improve his sur~

roundings is discouraged in that the cost

of his more expensive apparatus cuts





 





kind, it turns easy and shims perfectly. It

is easy to

oil. as you

just pour a

cup of oil





the wheels

mind. ltloeasy to clean. a there are

only two pieces to the bowl to wash. It is

always in shape. as there is less machinery

about it than any other machine.



- ' . PETER BODERBERG."





Tubular superiority has driven home to

farmers the fact that Tubulars are The

World’s Best. Sales easily exceed most, if

not all, others combined. Tubulars prob-

ably replace more common separators than

any one maker of such machines sells.

, World’s biggest separator works. Write

for Catalogue No. 153





THE SHARPLES SEPARA'I'OR 00.. ,

wns'r ounsrn, rs. ‘





Chicago, Ill. fits-Fm 01L PMM





 





 





Toronto. Can. Winnipeg. Cal. ‘





 





into his net profits. From this it seems

that about the only way to remedy the

situation is to grade the cream and milk

and‘pay the farmers according as their

product is classified in a. high or low

grade.



It is altogether probable that much ex-

perience would already have been had in

this regard if an exact scheme for grading

the milk quickly was had. The Babcock

tester has enabled the purchasers to

grade according to the amount of buttev~

fat contained in the milk. The exactness

of this test has done much toward secur~

ing a better class of cows throughout

the country, but to date there has not

been a lest'submitted to the public and

accepted for determining the purity of

milk offered for sale. The recent on-

nouncement by the Wisconsin experiment

station that a test designed to determine

rapidly and accurately the amount of

sediment in milk perhaps approaches

more closely than any other scheme a

way whereby manufacturers of dairy pro-

ducts and milk distributors can know the

exact amount of foreign material that has

gotten into the milk after having been

drawn from the udder of the cow. This

test involves the filtering of a pint of

milk through an absorbent cotton disc,

which collects the sediment showing the

relative amount of dirt in the lot of milk

from which the sample was taken.



If this or any other test that will ac-

complish the classification of dairy pro-

ducts successi’ully, can be put into use

then there will be a basis for buyers to

pay premiums for the better grades and

discriminate against the poorer ones.

This would be a perfectly equitable ar-

rangement. The party who builds and

maintains sanitary stables would and

Should get pay for his pains, while the

man who is indifferent to the kind of

milk he puts upon the market, would be

securing :1 lower price. Nothing brings

a man to realize the advantage of certain

things quicker or more effectively than

when he sees the party having them get

a superior price for the product secured

through their use. It would have this

effect upon the dairy interest. We there-

fore believe that the next great improve-

ment in the dairy business, so far as the

general producer is concerned, is the find-

ing or invention of a test that will enable

buyers to determine exactly upon the

grades of milk and cream.





 





 





 





The canning business has encouraged

the growing of peas in many sections.

Formerly the vines were cast aside after

the peas were harvested. But as dairy

feed became higher and more scarce the

vines were made use of to ‘help diminish

the scarcity. They can be cured as hay.

fed to the stock in the fresh state, or put

into the silo. As a roughage they have

a high value—being considered superior to

clover hay. Dairymen favored by being

near where peas are grown to supply





 





 





source of feed for their animals.





H E best





recommendation

that any vehicle can

have; the strongest

guarantee that it will

give its purchaser satis-

factory service, is the

fact that



It isa





 





More than one million

Studebaker vehicles are in daily use. Many

of them have been running from 25 to 35

years and still giving good service.



Send for free book “The Farmer‘s

Friend.” It tells all about the construction

of the “Studebaker.”





Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co.





South Bend. Ind” U. S. A. 1mm

Largest Wagon end Buggy Builders in the World





 





When You Need 5 Wagon or Buggy —I





 





. 'See the Studebaker Dealer.’





 





 





 





 

 





 





H ENGH’S 2°”

Century

Steel Ball coupling Pivot Axle

cultivator 3'32 “322':

Planter and Fertilizer





Attach Complete in

One Iachlns.





embw‘lfi'fi‘hu





at World’s Fair. 8:.

Innis. A wonderful-

improvoment in culti-

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r.-



. Easily chm



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Thousand-in use. mega: all kjddrgantg'? 135





. plemm Asmtlwnn ; wuss! . ,

.l’he Hench s mongold co.. fifl’fi‘ie





 

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 

 





   

 





 





 





 





J. E. Bartlett 00.. Jackson. ”loll





. l I

canning factories, should investigate. thist “LVES RAISEEe-unw'ggom "M





 





 





'—





‘





__ _ ._.- ,.





”—4,,





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.__4 A 7'





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APRIL 9, 1910.





«.THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GOOD

DAIRY COW.





 





A cow islnothing more than a machine.

She consumes quantities of food and con—

verts it into milk. Like other machines,

good ones and bad ones will be found.

Poor cows are the result of carelessness

and mismanagement. Good cows are the

result of care and attention. The care

and attention must always begin with the

calf. A good dairy cow must be so

brought. up that she will manufacture

the food she consumes into milk and not

into flesh and fat. Of course, it is easier

to make a good cow from a well-bred

calf than it is to make one from a com-

mon scrub, but the latter may often be

turned into a valuable cow if the proper

judgment is used.



The calf should subsist on its mother‘s

milk during the first week, after which

skim-milk may be substituted in part.

Gradually increase the-amount of skim-

milk until the calf is two weeks old when

it may be given skim—milk entirely. When

the change is made to skim-milk a small

amount of oil meal gruel should be added,

beginning with one teaspoonful per day

and gradually increasing the quantity.

Feed ten or twelve pounds of milk per

day to the calf while young. Increase

the quantity as the calf grows older. Feed

three times per day and at stated inter-

vals. Induce the calf to eat hay as soon

as possible. Oats should be fed also.

Such food as this will serve to develop

a large stomach and a great capacity for

handling and digesting food, which is an

essential quality of a good dairy cow.



A very important thing is to see that

the calf has clean, dry quarters and is

well supplied with fresh air and sunlight

that it may become properly developed,

physically. If dairymen would pay a lit-

tle more attention to the rearing of the

calves, there would not be so many worth-

less cows.



Ohio. s_ c.





 





ROOTS FOR THE DAIRY COWS.





 





The practice of feeding roots to dairy

cows is not so general in this country as

in Eurbpe. There it is an important part

of the ration and much attention is given

to see that the bins or cellars are well

filled with roots in the fall. Here dairy~

men have learned that silage is a good





substitute both as to providing a. suc-_





culent food for the animals and one con-

taining elements that will go to make

milk economically. Largely because of

this knowledge the Americans are neg—

lecting the production of root crops for

their dairy herds.



A long line of experiments have been

carried out that either directly or indi-

rectly cast light upon the economy of sil-

age and roots. There are conflicting re-

sults and different opinions as the show-

ing of these tests. There appears to be

a majority of experimenters and practical

dairymen who have placed themselves in

a position to compare the two without

prejudice, that silage is the better feed of

the two in that it can be provided at less

expense and milk is produced cheaper

through its use. In spite of this conclu-

sion it is a matter of expediency for some

to grow roots. Obstacles often prevent

particular persons from doing the things

they are convinced are most economical.

Where silage cannot be provided roots

should be. A patch of sugar beets, car-

rots, turnips, rutabagas, mangels or

other roots can be arranged for in prac-

tically any rotation providing ground suit-

able for their production is available.

Roots are gr05s feeders and require a.

liberal supply of available food in a loose

well-conditioned soil that is not lacking in

nitrogen content. A plot that has recently

received a liberal supply of barnyard ma-

nure and is in general good tilth, or a.

piece if new ground is sure to grow a

heavy crop of roots and will under such

conditions ordinarily make a cheap feed

because of the abundance of the yield.

Just now, before spring work is well un—

der way is the time to see that the best

ground available is set apart for this

purpose. A winter feed yard can often

be converted into a root plot and the ac-

cumulated plant food is always a boon to

crops of this nature.





Wayne Co. SUBSCRIBER.





 





What is commonly known as the rich-

ness of milk depends upOn the amount of

butter-fat it contains. There is so much

difference in the composition of milk from

different cows that many large butter and

cheese factories now test all the milk

they buy, and pay for it according to its

butter-fat content.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





us) 405





 





 





 





father to son, from mother to daughter.





and occupation.





a VValtham Watch from a mail order house;





a jeweler.





WALTHAM. MASS.





 





WALTHAM WATCHES





i llIIIIIIIIIIIuminm.





ihiiiiiiii





1min”





 





Do you want your watches delivered this way?





Buying a watch is, or ought to be, an important matter, and

carefully thought over. A lValtham Watch is something that

will last for more than one lifetime—that should descend from





A Waltham Watch is not like the automobile or bicycle that is

superseded every year or two by some new model. A Waltham

NVatch will last a lifetime, therefore consider carefully when you

buy one. AlWays buy from a jeweler whom you know personally

or by reputation, and be sure to get a VValtham Watch

adjusted to temperature and position at the VValtham factory,

and then have your jeweler regulate it to your personal habit





Mail order houses are not, in our opinion, properly equipped

to handle high-grade watches. 'Never make the mistake of buying





good watch and a timekeeper always buy a Waltham Watch of





WALTHAM WATCH COMPANY,





Send for the “ Perfected American Watch," our book about watches.





‘ \.' ~ .

I

""iitilliIIiiillIlllilllllliiiilililiiil





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllltilt





u





if you want a





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The hardest art of stable work is the carrying in of feed and the throwing I

°ifd'|i"6°i'au°“|§“é it’d" ‘i‘t‘li‘i’i‘ ‘i’i‘ir'i-‘E‘iimém m Ens

LOUDEN FEED CARRIERS run on solid steel track and raise and lower by

our assets! worm !gear. A gull of one pound lifts 40 pounds.

LOU EN LITTE . CARRIE S are made with the same truck and raising

dance as the Feed Carriers The box is made of heavy galvan-

ized sheet steel reinforced at top and ends With an le

iron. We also furnish a carrier for wire track. See Lou en

Gamers Hay Tools... Door Hangers, Stalls, Stanchions

that barn equipment at your dealers. and write .

H I .. us for our Free Catalo no.

IIIII ‘ , LOUDE MACHINERY co.,.

W I I" It .i . 608 Broadway. Fairfield. In.

Him“ I‘ll Ii ’

will





III; '





{film I”!





 





 





Real Economy in Buying a Silo





means more than first cost—it means performance—it means turning out



sweet. succulent. perfectly cured silage not only for a year or two but for an



average lifetime. Judged by perfect performance and long years of service.

the Saginaw Silo is by far -





W The Cheapest Silo You Can Buy





. "e wouldn't know how to improve it. a. particle if we secured many times our low

rice for it. We honestly believe it to be the Best Sllo even offered to a farmer.

n't; think of decidin on ANY Silo until you have read our Silo Book. It. Will open

our eyes on the Silo uestion. Bett 1' write for It

.- ay while on think of it. It's FR E. When

you write for our SPECIAL PRICE on the,





Whirlwind Sllo Filler





the strongest. simplest, sturdiest and easiest running

machine of its kind we have ever seen and we know

' ' them all. We can't even attempt to describe its won-

derlul menu in on “ad" like this. but can assure you honestly and truthfully

that. you will MISS SOMETHING BIG if you even “1an of buying a Silo Fine

or Shredder until you have our catalog and know the merit: at this marvel of

mechanics. Ask for catalog and SPECIAL PRICE today, sure.





Far-non Handy Wagon (30.. Mai- Ofi'ieo and Factory. Ste. 64 . Suinw, Mich.

Branches: L001: 130: 64. Des Moinas, Iowa; 30x64. Minneapolis. Min. (8)





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Strongest,

Simplest and

Ilolt Durable .





 





 





 





 





Farmer Agents Wanted





You can earn your own Cream

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. y and eli'ort to telling your friends

- “l. and neighbors about the most

l. “ wonderful invention in

Cream Separator History—





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- . machinein a community. Write at once

' ' a for particulars. Do It Now. Address





Kurlz 8: C mpany, 626 Monadnock Blk.. Chicago





HARRIS





\ STEEL CHAIN HANGING





Woodlined Slant-hi0“s





y. And Sanitary Plpo Stalls

/ - make the most sanitary. strongest

and neatest appearing burn equip-

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equip your barn.





THE HARRIS MFG. COMPANY.

316 Cleveland Ave" Salem, Ohio





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





mm; onlrymenJako a Look at

has the Strlte Governor Pulley

it's the original and “only

thing" to: driving cream

lop-rotors with guollne

onginol. Onco tried always

used. TRY ONE. Auk

. yo n 1' dealer for I. "S‘l‘ltl'l'l"

' or write us direct. Don't

take on imitltlon.

. Ctr-Ito Governor

/ . Pnllo Co.

foo-1303 So. hlrd St.

3) Minna-polls. Dunn





l' n v

"nun
.m‘”“





 





i





406 at)





 





 





GETTING SOILED EGGS READY FOR

MARKET.





 





To prepare eggs for market when they

are stained from coming in contact with

wet straw or earth, takes considerable

time at best. However, the work may be

considerably lessened by handling the

eggs in the following way: Put all dirty

eggs into warm water. Have ready a

large cup that will hold two eggs and

enough water to cover them, to which

has been added a tablespoonful of muri-

atic acid. The eggs that will not wash

clean in the water are placed, two at a

time, in this preparation, and left for

about a minute or until the soiled spots

rub off easily. “'hen a soiled egg is

washed in this way it looks just as nice

as when first laid. This washing saves

the producer the embarrassment of bring-

ing in a soiled looking lot of eggs just

because the weather happened to be rainy

the previous week.



If one has reason to suspect that the

eggs are not good, or have been covered

by broody hens, the truth may be deter-

mined by holding them to a lamp in a

darkened room. An egg tester, such as

every incubator owner has, or a piece of

pasteboard with a hole in it the size of

an egg, or just a circle made with the

thumb and finger, will do for the testing.



If one makes a practice of marketing

the eggs every week, tests all eggs that

are under suspicion and washes all that

need cleaning in the manner just de~

scribed, he need not be ashamed of the

egg basket on market day.



Barry Co. '1‘.



(This is one of the places where pre—

vention is a whole lot better than cure.

The fewer soiled 0r stained eggs one finds

in the basket the better, consequently the

importance of taking every precaution to

keep the number down to the lowest pos-

sible limit. While, as this correspondent

explains, it is not such a difficult matter

to remove soil and stain so that the eggs

will make a good appearance, it must be

remembered that this cleansing does not

return the e gs to the market basket in

as good condition'as when first laid. Wet—

ting the cgg. and especially immersing

it, removes that natural coating of the

Shell which is known to be so essential to

the egg‘s keeping quality. The removal

of this coating is regarded of so much

consequence that buyers of eggs for cold

storage plants never fail to reject washed

stock, and this fact should warn all pro-

ducers of the danger in attempting to

preserve eggs of this kind throughout the

summer. In fact, when the poultryman

is so unfortunate as to have many soiled

eggs ‘he should promptly clean them up

Without wetting the shells any more than

just necesary, and then either use them

at home or sell tlrem for immediate con-

sumption. At all events they should not

be distributed through a crate of strictly

fresh eggs that retain their natural

“bloom,” since their discovery will un—

questionably lower the price per dozen

on the entire crate—Eds.)





WHITE DIARRHOEA IN CHICKS.





 





Just now there is wide discussion of a

disease which is held responsible for a

steady increase in the chick mortality rate

during the past few years. Scientists

connected with the various experiment

stations have given much time and hard

work to the investigation of this rather

mysterious trouble, with the result that,

as yet, the “doctors" do not fully agree

in their diagnoses and conclusions. For

a time it was believed that this disease,

which has been called “white diarrhoea,"

was peculiar to incubator-hatched chicks,

and artificial incubation was therefore

held to be at fault. Further investiga.

tions, however, have shown that hen-

hatched chicks are almost equally sus-

ceptible. All apparently agree that it is

the most se1ious trouble with which the

poultryman has to contend, and some

claim to have evidence that it is not only

the cause of heavy losses among chicks,

but that it is responsible for blackhead

in turkeys.



Some students of this DI‘Oblcm claim to

have traced the source of the disease to

infection of the egg before hatching, but

the majority hold that infection occurs

after hatching and is due to improper re-

after hatching and is due to improper

cleanliness in caring for





regard for

study of this





the chicks. A 01059





trouble, made by Dr. H M. Cushing. a

Canadian scientist of high repute, brings

out some facts which seem to point to a.





THE MICHIGAN - FARMER.





very‘likely source of infection upon many

farms. At all events, his findings are

of interest as indicating one source of

trouble—one which every poultryman may

easily guard against when he understands

the danger—and we give below Dr. Cush-

ing’s own account of his investigations:

Having read some interesting discus-

sions in the poultry magazines on the

cause cf “white diarrhoea” in chickens,

I determined to make some investigations

to try if I could discover the cause and

incidentally a cure for the epidemic in

question. The history of the epidemic on

the farm which I investigated was a

repetition of what occurs on many' poul-

try farms every year. The early hatches,

111 spite of severe climatic conditions, had

done well. comparatively few chicks be—

ing lost, but as the season advanced the

death rate increased. Sometimes, a brood

would be almost exterminated, the next

brood might largely escape, but on the

whole the mortality had steadily risen.

The deaths all occurred among chicks un-

der three weeks old; if the chicks survived

that age they almost invariably escaped.





The symptoms of the disease were not

very definite. The broods would appear

quite healthy until five or six days old

and then deaths would begin to occur.

Often the chicks would look all right in

the evening and next morning half a

dozen would be lying dead under the

hover. If watched more closely during

the day, certain chicks would appear

weak, would have a tendency to keep

near the warmth, sometimes seem to have

slight difficulty in breathing, and would

finally lie down and expire within a few

hours after the first weakness was no-

ticed. Many, but not all, showed signs

of diarrhoea; the droppings looked like

curdled milk, and the chicks became past-

éd up behind. The older chicks, i. e..

about two weeks old, were usually ill

longer, and might be observed to be ailing

for several days; they appeared thinner

and smaller than the rest of the hatch,

and finally died of exhaustion, sometimes

with signs of diarrhoea. At times the

virulence of the disease was remarkable;

a whole brood of a hundred chicks, when

about a week old, would perish in two or

three days. More often there would be a

steady death rate of three or four a day,

lasting from the end of the first week

until the end of the third, by which time-

half the brood would have perished; then

the survivors would escape, growing up

strong and healthy.



The chicks on this farm were all

hatched in incubators and reared in

brooders, partly indoors and partly out-

doors. They had most hygienic surround-

ings, with the most modern appliances,

no expense being spared. The pens had

been cleaned and sterilized, the food var-

ied in every possible way, but nothing

seemed to affect the mortality,



I commenced investigations by examin-

ing the bodies of a number of chicks which

had died at various ages and in various

pens. Here I met my first difficulty; in-

stead of having difficulty in finding a.

cause of death, the question was how

they could have lived so long. There was

a curious diversity of findings; yolksacks.

intestines, liver, heart and lungs were

all found diseased in different chicks, until

I wondered if they had all died of differ-

ent diseases. However, on putting all the

results together. one fact was obvious—

Whatever other evidence of disease they

had, all without exception had little, hard,

yellowish noduleS'in the lungs. In the

youngest chicks these were very small

and few and hard to detect; in the older

ones, two weeks old, they were numerous

and as large as a large pin's head. giving

the lungs an appearance as if affected by

tuberculosis. Turning my attention to

these nodules, I examined the lungs from

a. large number of chicks by various

methods, and had no difficulty in deter-

mining that the nodules were associated

with the branching filaments of a fungus.





Common Mould Found in Straw Litter.



To determine the nature of this fungus.

which I believed must be the cause of the

trouble, I secured some sick chickens,

killed them and immediately removed

some of the nodules from the lungs with

the strictest precautions to prevent con-

tamination, inoculated them on various

materials and placed them in an incubator.

In nearly every case. within 24 hours I

obtained a profuse growth of a fungus

which was readily recognizable as Asper~

gillus fumigatus, one of the common

moulds. This was not altogether a sur-

prise, as the mould was recognized nearly

a century ago as the cause of disease in

birds, and since then has been noted as

responsible for the death of nearly every

kind of bird or fowl kept_in captivity.

Although usually found on decaying ani-





mal or vegetable matter, it can cause





disease in many animals. . .



On examining other organs affected in

the chicks, I had no difficulty in recogniz-

ing the same fungus as the cause of little

nodules in the intestines, liver and other

organs. In short, the conclusion was

forced upon me by repeated examinations

that infection by Aspergillus was causing.

the death of practically all the young

chicks that were dying on the farm, and

that the symptoms and signs of the dis-

ease varied with the age of the chick and

the organs affected.



The appearance of the lungs of the

chicks was enough to convince anyone

that all treatment was useless. If any

thing was to be done, it must be in the

way of prevention and this turned my

attention to the source of the infection.

I could not believe that the infection

spread from one chick to the others

through the excretions, as I never found

any signs of spore formation in the bodies

of the chicks, and, further, the course of

the epidemic in any one brood pointed

rather to a common source of infection.





signs of mould, without results; brood-

ers, hovers and dishes were also inspect-

ed and found absolutely clean. I next

took samples of all the foods used but

could not find any mustiness or succeed

in growing the mould from any sample.

Finally, my attention was drawn to the

straw used as litter in the brooders, and

the SOIllthl’l of the problem became ob-

vious. The straw ‘had become moistened

at some time and was distinctly musty.

Moreover, on microscopical inspection, it

showed an abundant growth of the very

mould in question. I even found particles

of straw infected with the mould in the

chickens’ crops. The unfortunate chicks

were really living and sleeping on a regu-

lar hotbed of what was for them a deadly

disease. ‘How any could have escaped in-

fection was a mystery, but perhaps some

are naturally immune.



The experiment was now tried of clear-

ing all the brooders of infected litter and

using only clean, fresh hay. An imme-

diate decrease in mortality was the

result.



Wishing to determine whether this was

an exceptidnal experience on this farm,

or whether the disease was really wille-

spread, I had dead incubator chicks for-

warded from four farms where they had

been losing many chicks. In every case

I succeeded in finding the characteristic

nodules and determining the presence of

Aspergillus.



THE SPRING FEEDING PROBLEM AS

TWO M!CHIGAN BEE MEN SEE IT.

Spring feeding, in my opinion, should



be done in the fall as much as possible.

I mean by this that bees should be sup-

plied w'lth enough honey in the fall to

carry them over until the following honey

flow is available. No trouble about their

building up if there is plenty of honey in

the hive and other conditions are right.

To be sure,_some of our most successful

bee-keepers have advocated taking the

honey from the bees and feeding it back

to them in daily rations, making condi—

tions thereby as nearly as possible like a

bona fide honey flow. Now we all know

that this is just the thing to start the

brood—rearing instinct of the bees into

activity, and the faster brood is reared

the faster the colony will build up, of

course.



Then why should not the plan be a suc-

cess? Well, let us look into the condi-

tions under which these successful bee-

keepers did their spring feeding. Take

the case of the late E. W. Alexander, of





CANCER





CAN BE CURED.





We relieve pain In every instance. No morphine

or harmful drug used. We remove disagreeable

odor: in case of open sores. We efiect palliation

and arrest of growth when too for advanced and a

cure cannot be effected.



Many physicians use the Alexander Remedy in

connection with surgery. During ten years of such

use. have never had reported a recurrence.



Apparent cures—24¢. Ninety per cent of the

patients no treated were pronounced honorable

and incurable before taking our treatment



Guaranteed under the “Pure Food and Drug Act."



Fullest Investigation solicited. Furnished to and

administered by physicians only. preferably your

own physician, or trained nurse or specially instruco

ted member of your family. Semi for reports of

physicians as to successful cases treated.





THE ALEXANDER HOSPITAL.

1 18 West 49th Street, New York.

EGGS {1:31; iililure'fll‘onlouoe Goose 10 for 3175.





Duck Rs:- 11 for 312

Mrs. Amy Bouthworth.R. D. No. 13, Anomlich





BU” Ems—353m 81 for 15. 5.1.3110 healthy,

wrurss. MEAD] IIolly men. 11.1%.: .





rm cocmll ms :2 per 15.. "m 2‘3“:





 





 





 





quality. Mo ‘- BBAYI “ms. is





2001.01! C. LILLI

rfl H KING swan-alumnae: ma '





 





 





Egg

incubator





r Even-Made ~

$4.50 h“unruly-clue[Joann-001k?

i lath ace-om





 

 





Incubator .onla-el together.

cost but $11.50.lrelgh1 Prepaid. The Belle

City Incubator has. double walls and dead

air space all over. copper tank. hot-water

heat. self-regulator, thermometer. egg teeter.

safety lamp. nursery, high legs. double door.



The heloBel City Broader is the only double-

walied broader made. hot-water heat. plat-

form. metal lamp. N 0 machines at any price



arebetter. Write for

our book today. or

send the price now

under our guarantee

and save waiting.





Guaranteed

lo! I! I





   

 





 





 





'0

Belle 0 l Co.





 





BERRY BASKETS.





Order your boo supplies and berry baskets at mo

um and saveIlrelght expenseJPrieeo given in catalog





aamasonuommsuumm





'EE‘EEM in pleasure In! promo. I- to.



theme of sittiAxceuont poignan-



I'm“ mm m '1



OUflUIK. We need it for Ix menthol: trhl tor



twenty-five cents and also and tree a til-pose book



“been ply catalog to all who name

this paper. THE A. 1.“:100'1‘00. Box“, Heal-11.0





R 1.3909 & Whine P. Rocks—Cooke” and bone

for ulebroo 1mm pflu-wlnn mock. Mio-

foctlon guaranteed. Howard Colby.





small can 1mm teamn asthma?





I5 for 81.00 16 for 500210! .200. no tor “.50.

. Cooporovlllo. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





I White OrplngunaBon-ed Books.





8. 0. Elk. nan. C.wn1teMlnorcas. Houdm. W. 0.





:3. Polish, 8. 0. White Leghorn. Jon





.Bonuml

Bufl" Ducks. m5 01.501'15. Willis, Michigan





EGGS FOB. HA'I‘C’Iflfle—ngbt Brahma. Will.

Wyandotte and B. P. Rock 01 touting: 81. 50 for

2 settings. E. D. Blshop.Boute 38. Lake OdmuMloh.





STANDARD 11111511 11.1. RED “math





81. 50 pot 16; l. C. pens. 1 pen

snearmnna 240 eggT strain. 8.0 Red as '02 perils: B. C.

cockerell 02. WT .FBENCH. Ludington. Mloh.





II:- c- III!“ Mill“! ll! [Eli-Em "ulna:





31.25 per 15. WM. J. COOPER. Mt. Pleasant. Mich.





out 1momnum1:...l".. 3.3.3.5:





31..5o.to.150ettfng A. B. (nun MEAN, nl.Mlch.





 





 





 





 





purl). A. FRANKLIN snug". HAnn ArborJflon





 





for 15, 31.50 for 28. 32.50.elect for 50b and“

COLON C. LILLIB. Cooporovfllo. Mlomal.





 





81

$5 per 100. C. W. WAITE. confluent” lllc





dPlyinou 11 Books and I‘ll:

Eggs .1. 50 per:5.Alhe1-t Keith. Wyandotto. Mich.





R. c. and s. c. magistrate





un'nalErl fined Boots. Tho [WWII- Winning Strain.

Egg-31 50 per 15 from Select lull“. Smite.

“lo. Ploinmw Mock Porn, .1. W. Bollard. hop.Bomoo,lioh.





R C. It. I. Reds-Stock selected from limbo-t

for years. Gm ti'ocordegg ,hrm range. Est.

0.1410005, F. M. Knapp. Bull]! Heisman. 1.?





0. BROWN LEGHORNB—Egro for hatchln .

. Write for particular: LEIW B T. OPPE§

LANDER. successor to Fred Mott, Lansing. Mich





Eggs for sale—$1.50 or 15: I

So C. R l- R. 100. Bred to lay strain? MBBwLpfi.

ARMSTRONG, Bunny Spring Farm, Stanton, Mich.





 





 





 





82- 15, $1—Snlth Ielnot eggs, good moo-urn from world' I

40.5... ,Bdw WhiBf..llnR...&sCMd-,8.0.

White,ll. & S. 0. 'Br. Legh's; Pk. Dka; brodtowin have};

Strong baby chlx 15¢ each Year. of experience. Poultry my blfii-

noutatndy. Ciro. W. J. CRAWFORD, B. 4, Frmyabnrg, Ohio





—EGGQ [from my prize-winnin Si l comb

EGGS In ghornsbl my prion. Cookgu .1“th ongm

blrdtfor solo. CHAS. W. RUFF, St. Clair,llllchigan. Doptu. l'





 





S C. .Bufi' ("phantom—the great wink-r layer-n.

Finest stock. Solid bufl’gullets weigh 75‘ to 10 lbs,

Eggs 12 per 15. Mrs. G. A. one Pelersburg. Mich.





“MONEY IN EGGS ”





8. C. Brown Leghorn—My method and farm range

has developed layers with vigor My e883 produce

layers, one third fancier's price and better layer-

.1 50' perm; gape rm) .4 per 100; 06 per 200. Prompt

shipment. J. B. McAR'l‘HY. Enlold. Illinois.





Milli!!! PLYMOUTH BOOK” ’3" ‘°’ dg‘tchlfnz mm





15 for 01.,00 26 f..or$150 50for $1.50 100 f

COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersviflo. Mlgilrasg.





Eggs From liasluns’ Business £351?



White. Golden, Silver Wyandotteo. Bho



Beds, 8. C. and R C. 8116, Whit to “die Brig:



Leghorn. Silver Spangled and Penciled Hamburgu.



Eggs r8150 per 15. Purebr .fm range flock.

r109. All varieties Duck and Geese Eggs.



Turkey Eggs. E. J. HABKINS, I'lttwford. Mich.





S 0. BLACK MINOROAB—Some choice cock-





. erels and a few yearling none to Egg.

$2 per setting of 15. B. W. MILLS. not... ma.





—s o. w.

E353. BRAND m... to ”I‘fimg;

, per mo. 0. w, YEITEB, 11115.11 Michigan.





0005.





RAIN!!! FOX

Tier sanctum 3:?va and Bond P".





Mutant). W.E. LmKY. Edmund“ Ohio





noble with whit

Collie P11 0,. ,, m, men-runs- gnaw





 





 





to-day for prices. W. I. 8:088. Rochester. Mlch.





BEE KEEPERS’ SUPPLIES. .





mentions. Foundation. etc. Everything for >

. - menses. Beeswax wanted. Bond fol-catalog. .

I examined the incubators and eggs for‘





atom. Mich. . ,





WYANDOTTES—Tno W '

WH|TE business 11911.]! $1.50 per 15 or $2.50





White Ilyandollem '3" ‘°' fifihéfih'i'i’fi





ll. 6. Brown Leghorn; “9.3.1“, {5,3





KEITH“, makes a special of S. C. Brown Leghorn:

Games. .





$5.00 per 100. BU ELL 3808.. Ann Arbo. Huh. :





 





 





 





@—





A.__—"flW—-.
._._._h 4.,





i..__.._.~ 0“ .__._~. __





 





 





 

 

 

 





APRIL 9, 1910. ‘ ‘





New York state, for instance, who made

a wonderful success at the business and

was perhaps the strongest advocate Of

this plan of feeding. Buckwheat honey

was his main flow, and so all his energies

were bent on having his colonies in proper

condition to meet the flow. This flow did

not begin with him, in earnest, until about

the first of August. Then when was the

Spring feeding begun? About the first or

the middle of June, when bee-keepers in

Michigan must be ready for their main

honey flow. They were fed until about

the first of July and then sometimes di-

vided for increase, the divided colonies

having plenty of time to get built up for

the flow.



Now, suppose we Michigan fellows were

to try spring feeding. 'In order to have

it be of benefit we should be obliged to

begin feeding about the first of May. If

the weather is warm when we begin, a

few days will see the brood nest enlarged

wonderfully and the smiles will spread all

over our faces as we think of the bounti-

ful harvest we shall receive from such a

force of bees as prospects seem to indi-

cate we shall have.



Suddenly there comes one of those mis-

erable cold nasty spells of weather which

we so often get at this time of year, and

when the sun shines out again we once

more look over our booming colonies, with

their promise of riches for us in the com—

ing season. As we look into first one and

then another the smile gradually wears

off as we come to the realization that our

hopes of future riches are being dragged

out by the bees, along with the dead

brood we have used valuable feed to

obtain. ’



Our brood nest now is a sad affair, for

the bees have attempted to cover too

much of it and they have lost below

what they would have had if they had

been left to themselves. This is not idle

theory but hard-earned experience, for

I’ve been “through the mill.”



My practice now is to lay by some

combs of honey. If in the spring I find

some colonies short of stores I set in

enough of these stores to see them

through. SOmetimes, if the flow does not

open up as early as usual and the Weather

has become settled, I do some feeding,

along in June, on the daily plan and it

works very well, tiding the bees over

what would otherwise be a disastrous

spell with them.





Mecosta Co. L. C. WHEELER.





 





What to do when Colonies Are Short of

Stores in Spring.

l‘ndoubtedly more colonies of bees per-

ish during the raw spring weather than

at any other season. The sudden changes

from warm to cold, wet weather; the de-

pleted condition of the colonies and short

stores all contribute to the losses. Bees

stored in cellars should not be moved out

too early. Hives containing small clusters

should be covered with papers and old

blankets to keep in the warmth of the

colony. IVhen moved out of doors they





- should be covered with some waterproof





material, such as tar paper or oilcloth.





Colonies short of stores should be fed.

A good way to feed, if one has empty

combs, is to make a syrup of equal parts

water and pure granulated sugar. Place

the combs flat in a large dish or tub and,

holding the receptacle about a foot above

them, pour it into the combs. By hand-

ling carefully the combs can be turned

over and the other side filled in the same

way. The combs should then be hung

up and allowed to drain before being put

into the hives. It is wisest to put them

into the hives just as the cool of evening

comes on, to prevent robbing. Do not

divide the brood nest but place these.

combs next to the cluster.





If the weather is so cold that it is un-~

wise to open the hives to insert the

combs, it will be best to feed a. candy

made from pure granulated sugar and

water. Pour a little water over the sugar

and boil until the candy will “crack.” To

tell when the candy will “crack” dip the

finger into cold water, then quickly into

the syrup and again into the cold water.

If the candy cracks when the finger is

bent it is done, and ready to be poured

into greased pans. The cakes of candy

should not be over three-eighths of an

inch thick. These cakes can be placed

directly over the clusters of bees by rais«

ing the hive cover and blanket, and lay-

ing it on the frames. The blanket and

cover should be replaced quickly to pre-

vent chilling, and the hive covered with

papers, old blankets and some waterproof

material as before suggested. A little

care now will save many a weak colony

that might otherwise perish.



Ogemaw Co. H. B. FULLER.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





”an”





M





—.fi7£1@ H ‘a , a





   





fi‘fi‘h‘n‘n





THE. MICHIGAN ’FARMER. ' (16)





 

 





 





 





407 .





 





 





 





'..- :‘.‘.'.'.".‘.:finish-sf





ACH farmer knows what share the rest of his

family has taken in preparing for the grain

harvest. Also the responsibility that rests



upon him alone to choose the machines which will give



the greatest amount of grain from his fields for the

cash market.





the profit from your acres that should have been yours?

Or through delays, caused by tinkering with broken-

down or inefficient machines, did you lose valuable

time? Did you get all the grain—tangled or down—or

did your machine leave a part of your profit in every

field? Ask yourself today. Did I get the best results

possible from my harvesting machine last year, and if

so is it in condition to give me the same service this

year? If not—every waste in net results takes that much

away from family comfort, happiness and prosperity.



Choose wisely then—take time by the forelock now

——and be prepared to deliver 100 per cent from your

fields to the thresher.



The harvesting machines which have stood the tests

of over 50 years—are the six of the celebrated I H C Line.





Champion McCormick Osborne

Deering Milwaukee Plano





These machines have demonstrated the practical

verdict of over a million farmers all over the world.



They are the best that most expert workmen and

machinery and high grade materials can make them.

They have been improved every year in every detail of

construction, whenever it has been found that any im-

provement could be made. These machines are built

to work successfully under the varying conditions found

in the harvest field. If the grain is down and tangled

the reel and platform can be so adjusted that all of the

grain will be cut and bound much the same as when it





is standing straight. M — ...\*





 

 





\

Think back to last harvest time. Did you get all





1- INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY or AMERICA.





ti" (Incorporated)





ii" I .~ CHICAGO USA





fink...





190K fUH Hit 3. it C lRADE MARK. ll IS A SEAL [it U‘JELLENCE “til i GUARIHHE Ui'u‘t‘l’dlt





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 





/





 





care is exercised both in the selection of materials and

in construction. All the bearings are easily accessible

so that you will have no difficulty in oiling the working

parts and giving the machine the attention which it

should have in order that the full measure of success

may attend its work throughout the harvest season.

Every precaution is taken to furnish you with a machine

that you can depend upon during the busy harvest time

when delays cost money.



Interchangeable parts that fit perfectly are quickly

at hand, in case of emergency through your I H

Dealer. No delays when your ripe grain must be

harvested.



And with any of these I H C machines you receive

the most trustworthy, broadest guarantee of service,

durability, simplicity, workmanship and materials.



No point in your absolute protection in every way

has been overlooked.



You profit by the best experience not only of the

vast majority of farmer users, but also by the experi-

ence of the most complete manufacturing organization

in America.



See the I H C dealer at once. Take your choice of

these machines. The quality is the same in all—the

best possible.



Don’t experiment with binder twine, either. Some

low grade fibre may be used in the manufacture of

binder twine for the harvest of 1910, and it is unneces-

sary to state that those who attempt to use twine made

from low grade Manila. fibre will have troubles of their

own. . i



It is to the farmer’s interest always to keep a.

weather eye on the future, and in this particular in-

stance to secure his twine supply, whether it be Sisal or

Manila, at as early a date as possible. Get one of seven

perfectly dependable brands of twine and be sure.

Choose Champion, McCormick, Osborne, Deering,

Milwaukee, Plano or International—in Sisal, Standard,

Manila and Pure Manila. brands.





. If it is not convenient to see an International Dealer, write for

full information and the catalogues you want.





\N

In the manufacture of I H C machines great \





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Pull Your Stump





Hercules Slump Puller





No excuse for stumpy fields. This Hercules is now sold on 30 days’

Free Trial. Test it on your place at our risk. Pulls stumps out, roots

' and all. 400% stronger than any other puller made. Triple power

_ The only stump puller

guaranteed for 3 years. Only one With Double Safety Ratchets.

Only one with all bearings and working parts turned, finished and

machined, reducing friction. increasing power, making it ex-

tremely light—running. Hitch on to any stump and the





STUMP IS BOUND TO COME





Also pulls largest-sized green trees,hedgerows, etc. Don’t rlsk danger-

ous and costly dynamite. It only shatters stump and leaves roots in





ground. Save big money; et. our ‘ a (if t l

offer. Also special proposglon to FREE BOOKS figst retfuyref'sl

where we have no agents. Write us a. postal card today. Address



137 17“: Street, CENTERVILLE. IOWA





30 Days’

FREE -





r





HERCULES MANUFA





RGINIATARMS





”I You can buy fertile farms with timber, fruit and wa-

ter for $10.00 per acre and up. Splendid country for

fruit growing, dairying, stock raising and general





Fine climate, abundant water, convenient market, good neighbors.





valuable booklet, maps, homeseekers’ excursion rates, etc., upon

request. Write for them now.





F. H. laBAUME, Agricultural &. lndust’l Agent. Hflflillt & Western lly, Dept. 026, Roanoke. VI.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





attachment means one-third greater pull.





Lt. '





CTURING C0..





   





farming.





 





With This All-Steel

S Triple-Power





E T0 SUNNY VIRGINI





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





-~ I25 Egg Incubator s

and Broader '3?" _





 

 

 





 





 

 





. Freight: paid east of Rock-

ies. Hot water, copper tanks,

double walls, double glass doors.

Free catalog describes them.

Wisconsin Incubator 00..

- Box I | I. Racine. Wis.





     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





 

 





Send Us a Postal for a Price





Just your name and address on a postal

brings speciallow prices on all sizes of

RACINE 1mm" —

and Brooders £5.31



—guaranteed to hatch highest percent- ‘ ' »

age oieggs. LiberolTrial Plan. Best

Incubator Proposition on the market.

Postal brings all printed matter andv

Special prices at once. Address

RACINE HATCHER COMPANY .

B 54 Rnclno Wlo.





 





 

   

 





 

 





   

 





 

 





 

 





 





 

 





Asbestol and

Metal

0mm





 





,5 , PM] 719753333753

‘ " It you want 32 profit Where you now get $1,





. either from eggs or poultry for market, simply

- send us your name and address and let us tell





you the real poultry secret that has doubled the



' profits of poultry roisers. Its the only real way



to poultry success. Make every fowl n profit



earner. Write at once for this information



‘ = whether you have 3 fowlo or 300. lt'sfreetoyou.

Blanks 8 Bank Supply 00., mom-aka Bldg, Stimuli, Io.





 





 





   





cost For chick

too you





That is what we

can do with the m





. Invincible Hatchor



- t and t it don’t produce more strong, healthy



ch eke than anyotherincubntor, regardless of price,



send it back. 50-E%8l10%nly 4.50. Some low



We“ on larger Ha. hers, ro era and Supplies.

rite for rill-page FREE catalogue.



The United Foetal-loo 0... 0091422. clovolond. o.
..



.,

i. ~‘

Iv





408 (16)

The Michigan Farmer





_ ssrxnusnsn 1843..





THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING C0.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.

3! to “Co-re- Street West. Detroit. We.

TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.





New Your: OFFICE-41 Park Row. .

CHICAGO OFFICE—I730 First Nat'l Bank Building.

CLEVELAND Osman—10114016 Oregon Ave.. N E.





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE . ........ President.

M. L. LLWBENCE.... Vice-President.

E. H. HOUGHTON ....... Bec.-'l‘reas.'

l. B. WATEBBURY .......... .



O. E. YOUNG ....... .. ............ .. 2 $333,}?

BURT WERMUTK .



E. H. HOUGHTON ................... .Buslness Manager.





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





Five Years 260 “”35“,.” $2.00





Three Years, 156 Copies, Postpaid, . . . . . . $1.50

One You, 52 Copies, mtpuld 15 ole.

Six Months, 16 copies, puma”, ........................ 40 cu

Omdlan subscription 50 cents a year extra ior pellets





Always send money by draft. postottloe money

order. registered letter. or by express. We will not

be responsible for money sent In letters. Address

all communications to, and make all drafts. checks.

and postomoe orders payable to. the Lawrene

Publishing Co.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



so cents per line agate measurement. or 5.60

per Inch. each Insertion. with a reasonable it count

on orders amounting to '20 or over. No adv’t In-

serted for less than 01.20 per insertion.



No lottery. quack doctor or swindling advsr~



t ments Inserted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit.

Michigan. postomce.





COPYRIGHT IQIO

by the-Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents

of this Issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit. brot against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

pcper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, previdlng

due notice is sent to us. before suit

ls started.



Avoid further tr0uble, by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, In each issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription.



The Lawrence Pub. 60.,



Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





DETROIT. APRIL 9. I910.





 





 





‘LEADING ARTICLES OF THE WEEK.





Concrete Wall Reinforcement.—De-

scribing and illustrating a practical

mcthod of reinforcing and insulating

a cellar wall with concrete .......... 394



Breeding Pure-Bred Swine.—An_article

in this interesting scrics giving prac-

tical advice regarding the proper

fccding of the brccding herd ........ 397



Variety of Feed for Sheep.—~Forage

crops should be sown to provide a.

variety of nutritious forage for the

flock during the summer season ....399



Cheaper Protein Desired—How the

dairyman may increase his supply

of protein from his own farm ........ 403



White Diarrhoea in Chicks.~—How one

investigator traced this dread disease

to the straw used as litter in the

brooders ............................. 406



The Dwarf Pear and Its Importance.—

'1“he status of this fruit is given with

suggestions for those interested in





its culture ........................... 410

Don't Quarrel with Work.——Deborah

finds work good disciplinarian ....... 412





A Gentleman in Homespun—Interest-

ing sketch of an eccentric Missou-

rian—a gentleman of the old school..418



Albert’s X-Fiay Dream.——A story both

instructive and interesting to our

younger readers . . .............. .. . . .418



The Deal in Calves.——An amusing tale

with a “Wild West” setting ..........419





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





A bill is now pend—



Federal Inspection ing in the upper

of Grain. house of congress,

providing for uniform



Federal Inspection and grading of grain.

It is said that representatives from the

boards of trade at large market centers

are in Washington actively opposing the

bill. The reason for this activity is said

to be due to the fact that the powerful

elevator interests at the terminal mar-

kets do most of the actual buying and

exporting of grain, and that while there

is more or less general complaint from

growers and sellers of grain that their

product Is graded too low. there are 5180

loud complaints from European buyers

that our grain Is graded too high. It is

even asserted by some who have inves-

tigated the‘matter that grain of a given

quality is graded higher at New Orleans





,which is a port from which a great deal





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





of grain is exported to Europe, tha‘n

grain of 'slmilar‘quality is graded at Chi-

cago. While this may or may lot be

true, it is apparent that absolute uni-

formity in grading can hardly be expected

where this important function is per-

formed by a local organization at each

of the big terminal markets as at pres-

ent. Undoubtedly, uniformity of grading.

is desirable for the producer of grain, to

the end that he may not only receive a.

maximum value for his product, but that

the foreign purchaser may have the ben-

efit of equally fair grading, to the end

that our foreign market for American

grain may be thereby stimulated. It

would thus appear that grain growers

have nothing to lose and probably much

to gain through the establishment of a.

system of Federal inspection. The stand-

ardization of a product is always an ad—

vantage to its producer. Thus it would

seem to be the part of wisdom for the

grain growers of the country to interest

themselves in this bill, and to advise their

representatives in congress of their views

in the matter, as the organized grain

dealers have already done.





A business

man was re-

cently heard to

mark that the

fruit growers of western New York were

badly in need of an organization and that

they were failing to reap anywhere near

the possible profit from their enterprise

because of their indifference to and lack

of organization. This business man re—

marked that if some person were to or-

ganize the fruit growers of that. section

and conduct a selling agency for them

upon a 10 per cent basis, he would not

only make a handsome profit for himself,

but that there would, as well, be a much

larger profit for the fruit growers in

question.



Undoubtedly co-operation is badly need-

ed in this department of production. The

grape producers of Van Buren county

found that they could make little or no

profit without co-opcrativc selling, and

their imperfect organization has brought

about good results in improving their

market and saving to the growers a fair

share of the legitimate profit on the pro-

duction of their specialty. The apple

growers of the west have learned a lesson

In this respect and a large part of their

fruit is marketed on the co—opcrative

plan; but the growers of citrus fruits in

the state of California afford the best

example of the benefits to be derived from

cmoperativc organization. The orange

growers of California passed through

strenuous experiences in the development

of their industry and, while the industry

was still small, they learned from dcar

experience that in order to make a dc-

pcndahlc profit their product must be

marketed in a co-operative away, as un-

der no other plan of distribution could a

fair profit be derived from the production

of their perishable fruits. After some

preliminary discussion. an organization

was effected, but the established dealers

in the trade succeeded In practically

breaking it up by the same tactics which

they have followed in other similar cases.

But upon the experience gained from

these curly efforts, a succcssful organiza-

tion was finally effected and today a very

large percentage of the citrus fruits

grown in California are markctcd through

what is known as the California Fruit

Growers' Exchange, which is a central

organization composcd of 14 district or-

ganizations and managcd by 14 directors.

one of whom is elected from cach 0f the

district organizations. These district or-

ganizations are in turn composed of a

number of local organizations. each one

of which has a packing house at which

the fruit of its membcrs is delivered and

packed for market. The central or state

organization sells practically all of the

fruit for all of the growers, its contract

being with the several district organiza—

tions which, in turn, control the busincss

of the local organizations of which they

are composed. The extent of the busincss

conducted by this purely co-Operative cn-

terprise runs well up into millions of’dol-

lars, over 40.000 carloads of oranges, lem—

ons and grape fruit being marketed by

this organization each year.





What by some would be considered a.

weakness in this organization is its real

strength. The local organizations control

their own shipments, sending them to

such markets and at such times as they

see fit. The central organization has

agents and accredited representatives in

the large markets throughout the coun-

try. so that sales and collections can be

made to the very best advantage. There

is also a great advantage in the buying

of packages and other supplies essential





The Development of Co-

operative Enterprises.





to the packing of the fruit, so that a great

advantage accrues to the members of the

organizattbn through their membership,

and yet they practically retain the control

of their product through the local asso-

ciation, the central organization keeping

them posted at all times on market con-

ditions and handling their product for

them at its destination when and where

they may desire to ship It.



All this has taken years to accomplish.

The first really successful move toward

organization was made in 1893, and the

present effective organization has been

the development of the intervening years

The co-oprative grain elvators, mentioned

in a previous issue have joined in no such

effective central organization as yet. be-

cause they have found the conditions

which surround distribution in their line

to be more tolerable, but there is now

said to be a feeling among the leading

spirits in this movement that something

should be done toward invading the cen—

ters of distribution in the way of provid-

ing terminal facilities for the handling of

grain marketed in a co-operative way.



But in all this there is a valuable lesson

for Michigan farmers. These several ex-

amples afford further proof of the already

well established fact that co-operative or-

ganizations operated along lines of com-

munity production can be made success-

ful, even in isolated communities and that

when these local organizations become-

sufficiently numerous a further and even

greater advantage is offered by associat-

ing them together for mutual advantage

in the conduct of their business. Mich-

igan is well to the front in several lines

of production. She ranks first in the

production of beans, is well up in the list

in the production of potatoes, has a well

earned reputation as a great fruit state,

and in certain sections produces large

quantities of grain, hay, and other staple

commodities which are sold in the open

market.' Undoubtedly co-operative organ-

ization holds as great advantages and

opportunities in these several lines of

community production as it has for the

fruit growers of the pacific slope or the

grain farmers of the central west. These

opportunities but await improvement by

our producers, and we are glad to note

that in a few communities, at least, Mich-

igan producers are awakening to a reall-

zation and appreciation of them. It au-

gurs well for the future of Michigan ag—

riculture and the continued and increas-

ing prosperity of Michigan farmers.





It is not an un-





Where Conservation common thing to

Should Apply. see good, sound

hickory trees cut





for firewood upon the farms and in the

woodlots in this state. Unquestionably,

good, sound hickory wood makes nice

fuel, but it is not good economy to use it

for that purpose, at least that portion of

hickory trees which are marketable for

commercial purposes. The United States

Department of Agriculture has recently

completed a census of the principal

hickory—using establishments to ascertain

their annual requirements. The figures

gathered show that there is an annual

consumption equivalent to 131,600,000

board feet of hickory divided among

special uscs as follows: For spokes, 45,-

000,000; for handles, 29,000,000; for poles.

and shafts, 18,000,000; for rims, 16,000,000:

for singletrccs. doublctrees, neckyokes,

and bolsters, 16,000,000; for axles, 6.000.-

000; for sucker rods, 1,000,000; for vehicle

gear woods, 600,000 feet. In addition to

the hickory which is thus made directly

into these special forms, there is manu-

factured each year 200,000,000 feet of

hickory lumber to be re-worked later into

various products. Thus the total amount

of hickory cut in the United States each

year is estimated to be equivalent to not

less than 330,000,000 board feet. Accord-

ing to the reports of the Bureau of Cen-

sus, the average value of hickory lumber

at the mill is about $30 per thousand.

while the high-grade material which is

necessary to the special uses listcd above

is Worth at least $50 per thousand. Thus

it will be seen that it is not good economy

to cut good hickory trees into firewood.

There are considerable quantities of

hickory growing in Michigan. Hickory is

a widely distributed wood, although it

does not constitute more than two to five

per cent of the total stand of timber in

our hardwood forests. Owing to the

more scattering stand of hickory in our

Michigan hardwood districts, which are

confined largely to farmers' woodlots, the

cutting of hickory on a commercial scale

has not been a very large factor in our

production of lumber, but asthe supplies

in Arkansas, Tennessee, Indiana, Ken-

tucky and Ohio are becoming rapidly de-





pleted by commercial cutting, the scatter~





s





APRIL 9, 1910.



ing hickory of our own state will certainly

be in demand at advanced prices within

a very few years, since in the last'few

years users of hickory lumber have be-

come very much alarmed over the de-

creasing supply and because of the fact

that no other lumber has prOven suitable

under test, for the special uses to which

hickory is particularly adapted as above

enumerated. Thus the saving of our

hickory wood until it comes in demand for

commercial purposes, as it surely will

within a very few years, should be a.

part of the conservation program of ev-

ery farmer who has a woodlot in which

hickory trees are even a small factor in

the stand of timber, particularly if those

trees have not yet reached their prime,

since hickory will undoubtedly rival the

famous cork pine which was once so com-

mon and cheap in Michigan in market

value within a very few years.



As the season ad-

vances the potato

situation becomes

more embarrassing to growers who have

held all or a portion of their crop for the

late market. Undoubtedly the unseason-

able March and early April weather has

tended to further demoralize an already

weak market, until from no point comes

any atom of encouragement to the well

nigh discouraged potato grower. From

all appearances and reports it would seem

that there is a large surplus of potatoes

held in growers' hands for the season of

the year, and unquestionably the market

is practically dormant. However, there

are features of the present situation which

should not escape the attention of the un—

forutnatc holder of potatoes at the pres-

ent time. Reports from both official and

private sources indicate that stocks in

dealers’ hands in distributing centers are

smaller than usual, and all are anxious

to unload what they have. But with the

spring work at hand, farmers who have

potatoes will hardly rush them to market

at present prices, and when the need of

more potatoes for consumption is felt it

would seem to be a safe prediction that

a reaction would occur. A good many po-

tatoes are being fed to live stock, and a

good many marketable tubers will be

planted, so that with a good two months

ahead before new potatoes will begin to

be a factor in the market, there is cer-

tainly a chance for better prices. At any

rate if holders refuse to sell at present

values a. reaction must soon come, and

just as many potatoes will be required at

double the present quotations as at the

figure now offered. Present prices are at

a level which leaves nothing to lose by

holding longer, as they will little more

than pay the cost of marketing at 10

cents per bushel, hence those who have

played a waiting game up to the present

time are justified in seeing it through, a.

policy which. under present conditions,

would seem to be “good business.”



A great many farmers



Reading For the who make a practice

Busy Season. of reading farm papers

and periodicals during



the winter season feel that they have no

time for such reading during the busy

summer season and either allow their

subscriptions to lapse or else neglect to

read the papers which they receive, for

the reason above noted. This, however,

is a mistake which no progressive farmer

should make. A good trade paper is just

as essential, if not more so, during the

active campaign of any business than

during the slack time. The agricultural

paper, for instance, that is worthy of its





The Potato M arket.





.-c .......~4—





v





name and place in the farmer’s» home, .





"will keep abreast with the season in the

character of the matter which it publishes

and many helpful suggestions and ideas

will appear in every issue which can not

but be of benefit to the careful reader.

If we all knew all about the best methods

to follow in our business and all did the

best we knew how in every case, then

this necessity would not be so apparent.

But the more capable we are in our busi~

ness, the more we recognize our own

short-comings both in the matter of our

knowledge regarding the best methods

and practices, and our promptness in put-

ting that knowledge into practice. The

up-to-date farm journal will be worth

many times more than its cost, by way of

seasonable suggestions alone, to say

nothing of the valuable experience of our

contemporaries presented in its columns,

which will save us both time and money

in the matter of personal experimentation

to arrive at‘conclusions which are thus

presented to us. Undoubtedly the farm

paper, like the trade paper of the mer-

chant or manufacturer, should be read

as carefully and thoroughly during the

busy season as during the slack season In

the business in which we are engaged.





 





res"...
A--’-.





s‘nn...





. ~





..





APRIL 9, 1910. ~

HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.





» Foreign.



Because certain conditions were re-

quired to be agreed to on the. part of

Colonel Roosevelt before arrangements

for an audience with the Pope could be

completed to which the former president

of the United States would not submit, a

meeting of the two persons will not‘ take

place during Mr. Roosevelt's vi51t in

Rome. The conditions required was that

the ex-American executive should not

have a date with the Methodist colony in

Rome previous to his date with the Pope.

King Victor Emanuel received the ex—

President on April 4, in the morning, and

on the evening of the same day a recep-

tion was given at the palace.



The recent release of two Japanese

spies who were caught inspecting the

American military fortifications in the

Philippines, has aroused the war authori-

ties to encourage congress to pass a law

protecting the state against trespass of

this kind.



Arrangements have been made between

the governments at Ottawa and Wash-

ington for the purpose of negotiating a

reciprocity and trade treaty between the

two countries. The treaty will settle for

all time the various open issues regarding

the water and land boundaries between

the United States and Canadian posses-

sions, the fisheries, the preservation of

seals and the tariff relations.



The United States has assumed the

right to act as a protectorate of Liberia

in Western Africa. The German gunboat

anchored off the coast of that country

immediately departed when the an-

nouncement came that America. had taken

this stand. .



The Irish leaders in the British house

of commons announce that they have

joined forces with the liberals in the fight

against the house of lords. The combina-

tion of these tw0 forces will probably

not only gain for the popular house the

authority they pray for, but also makes

more hopeful than ever, the successor

the Irish cause on the floor of the British

legislature. ‘



Three men were killed and a fourth

seriously injured in an accident with a

balloon in Northern Germany, the bal-

loon being caught by a hurricane, causing

the passengers and crew to fall into the

Baltic Sea.



Recently affronts made against the

Peruvian legation at Quito by Equador-

ians, has aroused the citizens of Peru.

and large demonstrations have been held,

especially at Lima, in which the govern-

ment of Ecuador is asked to make im-

mediate and satisfactory amendments.



In 1887-8-9 when revenue cutters cap-

tured a fleet of sealing vessels in Behring

waters claims were made against our

government by both American and British

claimants. The latter were paid over

$463,000 for the damage suffered. but the



Americans never recovered the losses

sustained by them. Now a bill is being

presented to congreSS arranging for the

proper adjudication of the matter.



It is rumored that a purposed treaty

between the United States and China pro-

vides for assistance being rendered to

the latter country by the former in case

of war between China and other nations.



To protect the baronetcy of England

from imposition, a careful role is being

made of all who are entitled to recogni-

tion‘to that class. In order for those

not enrolled to gain admittance their

right must be clearly established thereto.





National.



A cyclone visited Youngstown, 0..

Monday, tearing down a dozen residences.

injuring a score of people and causing a

general loss of $100,000.



The operators of the street railway

companies of Philadelphia have with~

drawn their offer to receive back all the

old employes who apply for work.



The bill providing for the publication

of campaign contributions has been fav-

orably reported to the lower house of

congress.



The New York Assembly adopted a

resolution Monday declaring for an in«

vestigation of all insurance companies

other than life and providing for a fur-

ther investigation of the New York fire

exchange.



Indianapolis President

Taft on May 5.



Official announcement was made by the

Bethlehem Steel Company that an ad-

vancement of 50 cents per ton will be

paid puddlers working in their shops.



Explicit instructions have been given a

grand jury to make a thorough investi-

gation into the charges of bribery made

against members of the Kentucky 1egis~

lature.



The action by the state of Kansas re-

quiring that carriers furnish shippers cars

within five days after an order is placed

has been declared unconstitutional by the

United States 'Supreme Court.



The Texas law fixing the tax on oil.

naphtha, etc., at 2 per cent of the gross

receipts has been pronounced by the

supreme court of the United States to be

constitutiorial.



By a vote of 132 to 122 the house of

representatives incorporated an amend-

ment to the legislative bill providing that

returns made by corporations under the

terms of the corporation tax law shall be

made public only on the order of the

presxdent. The purpose of this amend-

ment is to exempt the small corporations

from the stringent rules which seem

necessar to apply to institutions of the

quasi-pu lic character.



The New .York Central railway has

granted a raise to the employes of their

road east of Buffalo.



The street railway employee of Detroit

voted on Monday by a very decisive ma-

joriay to quit work unless the operators

advanced their wages to 30 cents an hour.



The great storm on the Japanese coast

in March is now known to have resulted

in the death of 1,100 fishermen and the

loss of 84 vessels.



On Monday of this week, 36 counties

in the state voted upon the question of

eliminating saloons within their limits.

Twenty of these counties voted dry. ac-

cording to the latest information we have.

Only .two countiesout of 10 where the.





will entertain





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





question was resubmitted, voted to go

back to ‘the wet column. The main

stronghold of the wets appeared to be in

the larger cities.



A $1,000,000 gymnasium is being plan-

ned for Harvard College.



Practically all of the countries of the

world that do any trading with the Uni-

ted States have been admitted to the

minimum rates of the recent tariff law.



It is expected that another British

election will be held some time in May.



During the fall and winter months there

were lost in the coast trade of New Eng-

land, New Foundland, and Canada, 225

persons and 83 vessels.





—





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





 





Emmet Co., March 28.—The weather

for the month has been all that one could

wish for. Snow is practically gone and

grass is beginning to show green. Wheat

and rye are both in first class condition.

The same is true of meadows and pas-

tures so far as winter injury is concerned.

Farmers have started plowing fields fav-

orably located for there was no frost in

the ground upon the going of snow. The

weather we are now having compares

favorably with that or the same time

in April of last season. Hay and feed

stuffs are so fearfully high that it will

be a blessing to farmers if the present

weather conditions make good. Some

dressed porkers going to market and are

bringing 11@11]Ag0. Dressed chickens,

16@17c per lb.



Washtenaw Co., April 4.—-At this date

while it has been extremely dry, we are

having some light showers which are

having a beneficial effect on grass and

wheat. The new seedings throughout

the country look very promising but not





so with wheat, which is badly winter

killed and has suffered from the dry

March just passed. With favorable





weather from now on it may make a 70

per cent crop. Owing to the favorable

spring a large acreage of cats will be

sown, in fact, at this date many farmers

have a large part of the crop in the

ground. It promises to be a favorable

season for pushing all kinds of farm

work along on time, which is a great

factor in a bountiful harvest. Every

thing brings a fine price except the po-

tato, which is certainly a drug on the

market. The hog stock. whether mature

or suckling pigs, bring almost fabulous

prices. I



Clinton Co., March 31.——-March has been

an ideal month for doing farm work such

as clearing, drawing manure, fencing,

and trimming fruit trees, which has been

a. much neglected feature of farm work.

Farmers are being awakened to the im-

portance of pruning and many old and

long neglected orchards are being pruned

this spring. Man fields of oats have

been sown on the ¥iigh rolling land these

beautiful March days. A good many

lambs have been dropped during the

month, few losses reported. A great

many sheep have been shorn during the

month. Men are source and wages high

Farmers are paying $25 to $29 and board

per month, and there are not men enough

to go around. Late sown wheat is poor,

but new clover seeding is fine.



Genesee Co., March 31.——For the most

unusual season the present one beats all

records. Since March 1, weather has

been warm and at this date a large pro-

portion of the oat crop has been put in

and some fields are already growing. Too

dry, is the only complaint. Rain is badly

needed. Roads nicely settled and too

dusty for pleasure. Grass growing well

but needs a warm rain. Hired help very

scarce. Scores of farmers looking for

men. Market prices as follows: Wheat.

$1.15; corn. 45c; oats, 47c; beans, $1.90;





dairy butter, 240; eggs, 20c; potatoes,

300; dressed hogs, 13c 1b; beef, $9@10;

baled hay, $12@14. Horses and milch

cows both high. Many potatoes held





over by growers. Loss to farmers in

this way is considerable as prices are

20c less than last fall.





 





THE WRONG BOX NUMBER.





Did You Write Them?





In the issues of the Michigan Farmer

for March 12 and 26, through a composi-

tor’s error, the box number of the

Walter A. Wood Mowing & Reaping

Machine Co., as given in their advertise-

ments, was 332, instead of 232, as it

should have appeared. This company has

an arrangement by which their mail

from different sections of the country is

directed to different boxes, by which

means they are able to keep a check on

their inquiries from different sources.

Thus, while a. letter directed to them as

the address appeared in these advertise-

ments would reach them, the inquiry

would be credited to other territory and

the paper in which they appeared would

get no credit as the advertising medium.

For this reason we will appreciate it as

a special favor if any Michigan Farmer

reader who has written them would drop

this firm another card directed to the

Walter A. Wood Mowing & Reaping Ma-

chine Co., Box 232. Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

Those who have not already written for

their catalog should do so at once, as it

contains valuable information to pros—

pective buyers of harvesting machinery.





 





DETROIT WILL HOLD INDUSTRIAL

EXPOSITION.





Plans have been completed for the

holding of a great industrial exposition

in Detroit, from June 20 to July 6, 1910,

under the auspices of the Board of Com-

merce. The arrangements for this exposi-

tion are being made by a committee of

275 manufacturers. which representative

committee insures that Detroit industries

will be properly exhibited. The slogan

selected for the occasion is, “One for all.

and all for Detroit.” The exposition will

not only be educational. but entertaining.

Large bands will furnish concerts after-

noons and evenings. and the decorative

and illuminating features will be of a

high order.





Additional





Given away FREE to





 





Premiums





the Pony Contestants.





 





First list of premiums appeared in issue of

April 2. Ask for a copy if you haven’t one.





 





 





sity in the home.

all who see it.





ished. Hooks are neatly designed and





easily locked into position for use.





a large hanging capacity.

10 in. with 37.1 in. bevel.





last a life-time. Retails for $6.00.





This is one of the mose useful and desirable premiums ever offered; a neces-

Its artistic design and beautiful finish make it a favorite with

Made of best quality non-corrosive metal,

and finished in Antique Oxidized (like illustration) or in Gun Metal, highly pol-





Plate Mirror can not be covered by any garment.

for ladies’ hats, yet will support a heavy





DIAMOND WALL RACK.





 





electro-copper plated





so arranged that the handsome French

The two steel swing-hooks are





overcoat. All hooks detachable, yet





When in use the rack hangs flat against the wall; takes up no room yet has



Frame is 31 in. long x 16% in. wide; mirror is 10 in. x

Constructed with patent locked, reinforced corners.

Our price, $2.75, or 46 points.





Will





 





MISSION LAMP





 





Wood parts are oak. Shade of granite

glass richly colored, for either oil or elec-

tricity. A splendid lamp to read or sew

by. Retail at from $5.00 to $6.00. Our

price, $3.00, or 50 points.





Not Grandfather's but the





2m Beniury' Hall Block.





of solid oak frame,

is made of 2-inch by

Linch stock; 3-ply

built-up dial and

shelf. Hands, fig-

ures and pendulum

are of brass, finely

polished and lac~

quered. Full brass,

real weight move~

ments. A pull on

the chain and clock

is wound.



Clock stands 69

inches high, is 16%





 





 





inches wide and

11% inches deep.



This clock 'is

made in special





Mission finish only;

is undoubtedly the

greatest value in a

hall clock ever of-

fered and is an ac-

curate time-keeper.



Each thoroughly

tested before leav-

ing the factory,

and is guaranteed.

Retail price, $16.00; our price, $7.00, or





 





120 points.





Baseball Outfit.





I luv!!! .. . ,

I'lw' will i if! in 1,.





‘ .ll





 





 





mask,

A splendid outfit

for any boy. All of the pieces in this

outfit are of good material, and will please





The above outfit. glove, mitt,

ball, bat, cap and belt.





you. Given for 40 points.





 





 





 





A VIOLIN,

Case, Bow and In-





struction Book.

Complete Outfit.

Cash Price $3.75 or 75 Points.





For particulars addres-

PONY CONTEST EDITOR, MICBIGAN FARM“,

Detroit, Michigan.
410- (18)





VVYYVVVVYVVVYYVVVYYVYYV





‘HORTICULTURFJ





AAAAAAAALAAAAAAAALAAAAAA





THE DWARF PEAR AND ITS IMPORT-

ANCE.



In a previous issue of the Michigan

Farmer, “The Dwarf Apple.” was dis-

cussed as to its merits and it was noted

‘that it was not a success commercially

but was well worth growing in a fruit

garden. This is also true of other dwarf

fruits. The pear, however, is grown more

in the dwarf form than any other fruit

and in quite a few cases has made a fin-

ancial success on a commercial basis.

There are many orchards of dwarf pears

in Western New York and quite a number

in Michigan but they are not all success-

ful, due to the fact that but very few

varieties do well as a dwarf but the or-

chards containing nearly all Angouleme

pears have. paid well.



To dwarf a pear a bud is insetred on a

quince root_as the stock. As the quince

grows naturally in a bush form with a

diameter of but a few feet and at the

same time taking well with some varieties

of pears it makes an ideal stock upon

which to dwarf the pear.



In growing them certain points must

be borne in mind. A quince does best

upon a rather heavy soil so that it is sel-

dom a success upon light sandy soils. Ii





 





 





 





 





THE MicnidAN FARMER.





rally to the pyramidal form, oftenlives

for fifty years, is improved in flavor, size

and color by d'warfing and is especially

desirable for the small fruit garden or

home orchard and is grown to a greater

extent than all other dwarf fruits, and is

even grown to a considerable extent on a

commercial scale. It can be planted eight

feet apart, bears fruit in a very few years,

and the tree, as a whole, can be cared for

much more easily than a standard tree.

But few varieties do especially well as

dwarfs, the Angouleme doing best, Anjou

and Bartlett nearly as well.



"The peach, plum and cherry may also

be dwarfed but are not used to as great

an extent as the apple and pear as stan-

dards of these are naturally rather small

when fully developed.





Agrl. C01,, Mich. O. I. GREGG.





 





KEEPING UP THE WORK.





 





The early inspection of the old apple

trees last winter which resulted in their

being pruned, was a step in the right

direction. Without relieving the trees of

the dead wood in the top and cutting

back a little the extended branches, the

bringing of these old plants back to pro-

ductivity would be difficult. The pruning

is all the attention that many orchards

will receive, no doubt, and there will

likely be much disappointment because

little, if any, good results will come from

that work alone. It is like the man “who



plows and plows but





 





-'





The Early Inspection of the Old Apple





Pruning—Now Spray and Fertilize It.





a. very dwarf tree is desired one must be

sure not to allow roots to grow from

above the graft for if this happens the

tree is no longer a dwarf but tends to

take on the size of a standard as the top

gets a part of its nourishment through

its own roots. On the other hand, it is

best to plant the tree so the grafted por-

tion will be below the surface and all

roots cut off if any appear from above

the union.



The pear fruits are probably influenced

more by dwariing than any other fruit as

they are markedly better in flavor, gen-

erally considerably larger, and usually

have a better color.



Dwarf Pears lend themselves to train-

lng and grow better upon walls and trel-

iises than nearly any other fruit. In

Europe they are often trained to walls

of buildings and enclosures either in a U

form or horizontally. The American, how—

ever, is generally too busy to take time

to train them to special forms and pre-

fers a. more natural method of growth

and we can well believe that “in European

horticulture as much time is given to the

care and training of one small branch as

an American gives to an entire tree.”

Naturally, the pear tends to develop in

the form of a pyramid and it is most

easily trained to this form, either tall and

slender or rather broad at the base—com-

ing to a point at eight or ten feet in

height. Severe pruning must be prac-

ticed as in all other dwarfs.



There are but few varieties of pears

that do especially well as dwarfs. the

Duchess de Angouleme, or Angouleme, or

Duchess, as it is often called, being by

far the best. This is an early winter

pear of fine quality when grown to a large

size. Anjou, Bartlett and Louise Bonne

do nearly as well. Other varieties can be

obtained from reliable nurserymen but are

not as liable to succedd as well as those

mentioned above.



To summarize: The pear is dwarfed

by using the quince as stock, gI‘OWS natu-





 





never sows.” Other

work is needed. It is

not yet too late to be-

gin spraying even for

the scale, and spray.

ing is counted by

many as being the

most necessary opera-

tion in oreharding.

Some of our best in-

formed men are tak-

ing orchards on shares

and by Simply doing a.

thorough job of spray-

ing are reaping satis-

factory results. They

all agree, however,

that if pruning and

fertilization, either by

cultivation or adding

plant food by cover

crops or from foreign

sources, were also

given with spraying

that their net returns

would be greatly in-

creased. So, if it is

beyond the capacity of

the farm help to break

up the old sod and work

it down, arrangements

should be made some-

how to spray. Should the scale be pres-

ent then the owner can afford to let

some of his spring work on the fields

for corn and oats be delayed a day or so,

for neglect of trees so affected will work

a permanent injury as certainly as the

job is put off, while a delay of a day on

the preparation of the oat ground may

work no damage, or at the most, will be

a drawback for but a single season. SO

spray. Then there is scarcely a farm

where the old apple trees cannot be given

a few loads of manure. This was done

last winter in a. good many instances,

but the trees will profit by present appli-

cations in that some fertility will be set

free for this season‘s growth while the

mulch will rot the sod and protect the

trees by conserving moisture for their

use. Cultivation would help. But if the

manure is added and the hogs are turned

into the orchard almost equal results can

be obtained. Should the hogs fail to

root, as is their nature, the depositing of

a few kernels of corn in holes about the

orchard will soon start the work. Our

word is, then, to continue giving attention

to the trees. They are good profit payers

when rightly treated and no man with

anything like promising trees on his

premises can afford to neglect them for

his ordinary farm crops if he is working

his ground for the money the-re is in it.





 





Tree Resulted in





PREPARATION FOR AN ORCHARD.





Making ready the soil for setting an

orchard is so far-reaching in its effects

that the importance of it cannot be over-

estimated. If any crop demands a deep,

even, finely pulverized seedbed surely it

is trees. Ante—planting remissness stands

out in visible reproach to arboreal old

age. Two physical conditions are indis-

pensable; the one perfect capillary circu-

lation, the other a total absence of disin—

tegrating lumps, soon to \crumble and

leave cavities that will dry out the roots.



If sod ground is to be transformed into





 





 





APRIL 9, 1910.





Do You Spray?





Tens of thousands of trees

sprayed with Swift’s Arsenate

of Lead produced last year

not one wormy apple.

morable farmers have greatly

increased both quantity and qual-

ity of yield from vegetables and

fruits by spraying with Swift’s.





Innu-





You





are standing in your own light if you don’t take advan-





tage of this wonderful insecticide.





One Spraying with





Swift’s outlasts two to four sprayings with other ma-

terials because it takes a torrential rain to wash it ofl’.

It doesn’t clog the pump. It





It can’t burn or scorch.





mixes readily with water and stays in suspension. It is

fatal to every leaf-eating pest.





Send for valuable book on leaf-eating insecfs.





Give your dealer’s name.





 

 

 

 

 

 





Merrimac Chemical 00., 23 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.





 





 





   





u i.





~07 IN 7”

rel/<7





, //o

(7%)) ’l/, " '

I [’1],





'JOfi/VS70/V/I /





other tool.





‘\‘





 





E ,/3





of these common-sense tools.

Solid or cut- out disks: 22 sizes and nylon.

Tongue Truck when ordered.





THE JOHNSTON LINE OF HARROWS

are backed by 20 year: of Harrow-making.





Orchadisto and vineyardists are realizing more and more every year that

the extension head barrows are more practical for their work than any

The Johnston Orchard Disk Harrow: are strong. steady.

durable. simple in construction. light in draft. and easy to operate-

work perfectly. This tool will positively increase your fruit crops—will

pay for itself several times in a single season in increased crops.

Made in four sizes. 4 ft. 4 in. to 5 it. 6 in.. l6 and 18 in. disks.

solid or cut-out disks.





JOHNSTON HARVESTER C0., Box loo-H BATAVI





THE JOHNSTON " CONTINENTAL" DISK

HARROWS are durable, workable. economical-indispen-



sable. They not only prepare the soil. but also cultivate the

, crops. They are labor savers, crop increcocrl. and money-

. V makers. No up-to-dute farmer should be without one or more

Built of steel and malleable iron.

Equipped with





A, No Y.





‘—.i





   

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





Florida, Tennessee and along the Gulf Coast.





$225 an Acre from Punt?





Early potatoes are one of the best- paying crops raised in Southern Alabama, Western





Good prices are always obtainable and demand





for same beyond the supply. Read what a farmer at Summerdale. Ala. has to say on this crop:

“ My yield of salable potatoes this year, per acre, was 150 bushels, which sold readily at $1. 50

per bushel, this being the first crop on the land. I followed this crop with sweet potatoes



and sweet corn and then planted cow peas. I raised three crops on the land in one your, all



of which brought good prices.

Sweet potatoes produce big returns and are usually planted after Irish potatoes have

been dug. Two to three hundred bushels an acre are produced and bring from so cents to





$1. 75 per bushel.





Let me send you our iuustrated booklets and learn what can be done in a





country where fertile land can be purchased cheaply and where there are 312 working days





a year. Low round-trip fares Is! and 3d Tuesdays each month.





G. A. PARK. Gen'l Ind. and 1mm. Act. louisvllle & Nashville R. R. Room 213 Louisvllle. Ky.





 





 





G uarantee an Increased





More apples and better apples; bd-

ter prices and burger profits—Aha

success of the man who sprays

right. Orchards. gardens, vine-

yards, potato fields. show vastly

greater results after using a.





DEMING SPRAY PUMP





—the outfit that' 5 made fruit-grow-

ing profitable. Our Nozzles are

standard. Catalogucfree. Demin

Hand and Power Pumps, for 3

uses, sold by leading dealers.

THE DINING COMPANY

704 Depot 81.. Salem. 0.





 





 





 

 

 

 





AND VINES





perfect fruit.





uflts and





cessful growers.





conta. no a. f

Fruit and Vegetable crops.

WM. STAB]. SPRAYEB.





Spray Your Fruit Trees





Destro the fungi and worms

and thus 0 sure of large yields of





Excelsior Spraying





Prepared Mixtures

are used in large orchards

and highly endorsed by suc-

Write for our

mone savin catalog, which also

treatise on spraying





00.,





Box 108-1). Quincy. Ill.





 





GYPRESS





TREES





For Beauty





oATALPA





TREES





For Profit





Free booklet tells all about them. II. c. BOIERS,“ 214. 'ifloohanlosburg, 0.





 





BATEKIN 8100 B". OATS





Rntekin' 3 Bl





Banner 100 Buohcl White





Oats—The





Side by side w th common aorta they yleld 100 bushels per acre where other aorta muk c but”

bushels. strong stiff straw: upnngled heads: ripen: early: never mats, blight: or lodges.





is none like,‘them. and when our stock is exhausted there In no more to be had.





biggest. prettiest, plumpeot out In existence





to 85

There





Sample. I'loiled





Free. Also our Big Illustrated Cotolozof form, field. grass and garden needs. A post-o: cam wlll

brink them toyour door. Add recs.





RATEKIN





SEED HOUSE.





SHENANDOAH,





IOWA.
d .n...





-4





 

 





APRIL .9, 1910; ..





no mama





 





S at up now! Name our new Corn! Get

$500 in Gold! Just get a sample packet

of our Nameless Corner, name it Without

getting a packet. O



, This paper will publish the name of the





new corn when selected by the edges,

and the winner of the 500. Wi it be



our name 2r szmgb y else’s name



use as 41' not ry



! Awaan to this remarkable od'erl You

haven few da 9 yet in which to act. Enter

how the Big ntestl No Nameless Corn

for sale this season! Too scarce. Send 4c.





ll'you want a sample.

The Prince





SALZER .. 5......





Get in touch with Snlzer. Do not order a

single pound of Farm or Garden Seed fill you

have heard from Select: on you have seen his

stupendous 1910 Oil’erinu‘ of Reliable. Guaran-

teed. P Seed. He will save you money

and you will be better contented to know you

have planted the seeds that grow owned crops.

Salner‘s Grand 1910 Seed. Plant and Tool Cata-

logis fi-ee. 0n pages 101-102 of catalog will be

(hand our partlarlars regarding Baker's inmons

White Bonanza Oats. Better send for a copy

andseewhathehastosaynboutit. Handsome

{3' mm...“ " sum" °" ‘fi’fi’lfif



er. Shoo one person 0

csptable)name asyou oiler.the prise will be

equally divided. Contest closes May 10.1310.



JOHN A. SALZER SEED OOMPANY

III ,8. Dill 8L. Lacrosse. Vlls.





CIDER PRESSES





”Original”. Gilead Hydraulic Press

produces more cider from less

#{lefl than a other smile a

G MONEY AKER. Sizes

10 to 400 berrele daily. Also

older eveporators apple-

butter cookers, vinegar

generators. etc.

" CATALOGUE FREE.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MPG. 00.

1 1 Lincoln Ave.. lit. Gilead. Ohio.





EMPIRE STATE





l



P ilIllEll & VllllE s

, ,‘I Hand and Power.

~ "' * Illustrated and described in our

catalog—is the best money can buy. They are Big





Mono Makers. Catalog free. Manufactured by

Tile G. J. EMMY 00.. Fulton. N. Y.





U! ND

SPRAY EI%LJ%R%PS _~ {if ,1.

and do whitewash“; in nest Mel, seen-unis“. ya- 1....

Bailsbotion guaranteed it you use " 3 .





 





 





 





 





 

   

 

   

 

 

 





 





 





   

   





 

 

 

 





Ila. I. shown here, is ilthd with AntOvPop Haule—



does work of 3 ordinary sprayers. Endorsed by Ex-

snt Btadons and ”Jim 0th“ 40 styles.



lines and prices in our FREE BOOK —|llo valuable ‘



I'F'VI glide. Writ postal now. .\



’ THE E. On 3R0" COMPANY lb _\ '



83 Jayflt..Reohester,N.Y. :1,





 





 





 





lerlin Quart Our Specialty

A WHITE package which insures

highest prices for your fruit.

' Write for "10 cata‘og showing

our complete line, and secure your

BASKETS, CRATES, ETC" st

WIN‘IIB DISCOUNTS

The BERLIN FiiIllT BOX ct.

lsrlln Heights. Ohio.





FOR ALL KINDS OF





Clover and Field Seeds.

ALSO A FULL LINE OF

Garden Seeds &. Implements.

Write this old Reliable House.

catalog Free and Price Lists!





—-——-————— Grass and Field Seedl mailed

you on application,





THE "Elli" PHILIPPS SEED &. IMPLEMENT 60.,





TOLEDO. OHIO.





LATE PETllSKEY SEED P0'I‘ATOES





The coming main-crop potato.

Pleases grower and enter.





CAIPm 3305., I. 1. WWW Mich.

FRUIT TREE Roses Grapevincs.





0 Straw tries. Rasp-

berries. Blackberries. etc. Catalog free. Wood

bine Nurseries, W. A. ALLEN & SONS. Geneva, 0.





80. Cherry 120 and up. Apple. Pear.

Peach Trees Plum. Quince. and all kinds of

Trees and Berry Planin. Peach Blow Potatoes.

B. P. B. Chickens and Eggs. Ct. Free.

ERNST NURSERIES. Moscow. Ohio.





smsmom oArs-Eggr-ghggsgggrggxg

in 1909. .1 per bushel. Bend for sunfile.

E. A. STARR 55 SON. Royal 0o . Mich.





SEE” coal—Send to Headquarters and the

old original than for PURE



LEAHINO SEED CORN. Add as



J. s. LEAHING &SONS, R. 2, synesville, Ohio.





"I Swedish Select



sad for Sale 0..., reamed



Manchuris and



Oderbrucker Barley Golden Glow Corn. Rural



New Yorker and White Victor Potatoes. Glover

and Timon? Seed. Write for prices.



J. P. DON ELET, Eden. Wis.. Fond du Lee 00.





Choice Strawberry Plants





Catalan. grown. Leading Sorts. Send for 1910

list (3 ME ll. STARR. Royal Oak, Kichlcan.

Grown in





CLOVER SEE. noun...





Michigan on new land free from obnoxious weeds.

Clean and good quality. 0. A. CAIN. Hillman. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE‘ MfCHlC-iAN ‘FAR'MER.





rorchard'sell-by aprevlous season‘s crop-

ping, the disc is properly the first imple-

ment to be employed in breaking. By

over-lapping half the sod. is out fine

enough to become amenable to the har-

row, which should follow till there is

nothing left to be desired in the way of

fineness. Subsequent pldwing is thus

made easier, a fine soil is turned to the

bottom of the furrow and the after work-

ing perfects a. deep, even seedbed most

acceptable to the immediate crop and

extends its benefits indefinitely to the

orchard. A top dressing of manure on

the sod would be cut and mixed with

the soil by the disc and later find its way

to the bottom of the furrow there to be

transformed into plant food.



The following year, when the final prep-

aration is to be given for orchard setting

a. literal repetition of the last season's

procedure, not forgetting the manuring,

could not be improved upon.



Oceans. 00. ' M. A. How.





POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN

PLANTING NURSERY STOCK.





 





 





As soon as nursery stock arrives, un-

pack, separate the trees and “heel in" in

a well-drained shady place. This is done

by digging a. trench and covering roots

with soil. When ready for planting dig

the ‘hole and be sure it is large enough,

do not allow roots to be exposed to the

air but a few minutes. Prune off all

roots that are very long, to uniform

length, those crossing and all injured

roots. ,Plant the tree slightly deeper than

when in the nursery. Place a slight

mound of earth in the center of the hole,

place tree upon it, spreading all roots

out naturally. Fill in partially with good

soil, working it about the roots, tramp in

remaining soil firmly, leaving the soil at

the very last in a loose condition. The

top should then be pruned so as to leave

from three to five scaffold limbs that am

well distributed about the trunk, no two

limbs starting from the same point. The

first limb Should be started about two

feet from the grOund. Cut these scaffold

limbs back to fourteen inches or less.

If the tree has been properly planted and

the limbs properly selected a well formed,

thrifty tree is pretty sure to be the result.



Agril, College, Mich. O. I. G.





 





SPRAYI NG CH ERRY TREES.





 





A number of inquiries have come to the

office asking about the materials required

and the time for spraying cherry trees.

These inquiries are somewhat indefinite,

in that they do not particularize as to

what insects or diseases are affecting

the trees. It is presumed, however, that

the plants are troubled with rot. curculio,

aphis, slug, and perhaps leaf blight.



The different sprays required for these

troubles are copper sulphate, Bordeaux

mixture and some arsenical poison. By

the time this information reaches our

readers, it will be too late in many sec-

tions to apply the copper sulphate solu-‘

toion as it should be applied. The mix-

ture is compounded by using 2 lbs. of

copper sulphate to 50 gallons of water.

This strength should be used when the

trces are dormant or just before the buds

open. Where the buds have not developed

too much, it may still be used, but should

be applied with caution.



The Bordeaux mixture is made by using

about 4 lbs, of copper sulphate, 6 lbs. of

fresh unslaked lime to 50 gallons of water.

Dissolve the copper sulphate in a small

amount of water, slake the lime and add

sufficient water to make a milk of lime

of it. Dilute both of these elements to

25 gals. and then pour together into a

third vessel simultaneously. Use wooden

or earthen vessels for mixing this solu-

tion, the copper sulphate will act upon

iron or tin. There are other methods of

making it, but the above is one of the

standard ways.



The arsenical poison is made by using

2 lbs. of arsenate of lead to 50 gals. of

water or if one desires to use Paris green

use 1 lb. of the poison to each 150 gals.

of water. Since the application of the

poison can be made at the same time as

the application of Bordeaux mixture, the

two can be combined. In doing this,

count the Bordeaux mixture as so much

water, when adding either the arsenate

of lead or the Paris green as above in-’

dicated.



Spraying should begin When the buds

are about to open. For the first applica-

tion use the copper sulphate above men-

tioned. For the second application spray

with the combined Bordeaux mixture and

arsenate of lead or Paris green. This ap~

pllcation is made about the time the fruit





 





sets. A third application of the same

mixture as is used for the second one, is

made from ten days to two weeks later,

especially. if there are signs of rot or

slugs. About two weeks after this last

spray, a fourth application might be

necessary. This spray should consist of

the copper sulphate solution reduced

about five times the above mentioned

strength, i. e., one 1b. of copper sulphate

to from 150 to 250 gals. of water. Where

there is evidence of leaf blight, a fifth ap-

plication should be made after the crop

has been gathered. Use the Bordeaux

mixture at this time.



If the grower of cherries faithfully fol-

lows the above program, he is quite cer-

tain to free his trees and fruit of the

troubles mentioned, or at least, to get

them under such control as will give his

crop a chance to compete for premium

prices upon the market. It should be re-

marked in this connection that efiicient

spraying of any kind of fruit is usually

not done until the owner or perSOn in

charge gets a clear idea of the pests he is

endeavoring to destroy. Until then his

work may be more or less effective, but

he is groping in the dark.





USE OF SOD IN TRANSPLANTING.





 





A scheme that is practiced quite ex—

tensively is to plant seeds under cover

on small pieces of sod. When the plants

have attained the proper size for trans-

planting, the sod and all are carried to

the garden and put into the ground. The

plan is commendable in that there is

practically no disturbing or breaking of

the roots by tearing them from the hot.

bod soil. Beans, cucumbers. squashes,

melons, and other plants that do not

transplant well readily lend themselves

to this treatment.



By working a plan of this kin} it is

possible for the gardener or farmer to

have these crops much earlier. He can

carry many tender plants through a sea-

son when frosts threaten, and give them

an advantage that will be appreciated

when the crop is harvested. The time

necessary to do work of this kind is very

small. The only essential is to get

at it.





THE ART OF WATERING.





 





Watering is one of the most critical

operations of greenhouse work, requiring

both knowledge and judgment. The plan

of going round with a watering pot and

giving a. driblct to every plant, whether

it wants it or not, is most injurious.

Many a time it happens, when leaves are

noticed to be flagging, that more water

is given, when in reality the soil is satu-

rated and the plant is already suffering

from over doses which it has not the

power to assimilate. In potting sufficient

space should be allowed below the rim

of the pot to hold water. In hot dry

weather this space may have to be filled

up two or even three times, in order

that the soil may be thoroughly moist-

ened, especially when the polling has

been as firm as it should be, after which

it will probably need no more for a day or

two. Al‘ums being water plants are all

the better for standing in a pun of water

during growth, and a drop hanging from

the point of the loaf is a sign of perfect

health. Heaths, though they must never

be allowed to become dust—dry, will not

bear soddcn, water-logged soil which will

decay the fine root fibres and it is a mut-

ter of experience to keep the happy moan.

Succulent plants, on the other hand, must

be kept dry rather than moist, and in

winter as a general rule, require no wulcr

at all unless they Show signs of distress

by becoming shl'lvelle-d.



Almost all plants however, during

their growing season will take ample sup—

plies, bccausc it must be I‘ememlwrcd that

all food reaches them in liquid form.

\Vhen active growth begins to lesson, and

life shows signs of ebbing, it is better

gradually to withhold water. Bulbs, cs-

pecia-lly those which lose their leaves,

require a season of complete rest and

usually have to be kept dry.



Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





 





FREE TO FARMERS.



By special arrangement. Ratekin's big

1910 seed catalogue, with a sample of

“Diamond Joe’s Big White" seed corn

that made 153 bushels per acre, will be

mailed free to every reader of this paper

who is interested in the crop he grows.

This big book tells how to make the farm

and garden pay. It's worth dollars to all

who plant or sow. Write for it and men-





 





 





 





 





Get our FREE Books and Get

More Profit from Your Farm





" The Business Farmer doesn't sell out

and buy new lands. He makes his old lands

new by fertilizing. .



Get our Free Books which go into the

whole subject of Nitrate of Soda fertilizing

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3 Nitrate o£Sodai





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HAY—Nitrate oi Soda. need 100 lbs. to the acre has

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CORN—Nitrate of Soda, used 100 lbs. to the sore,

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ALPAIJ’A— Nitrate oi Soda is also highly sues-ill

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Special directions and books on the crops you

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Send a poet oardfor your book or books Today





Dr. Wm. S. Myers. Director Nllrale Propaganda

John St. and 71 Nassau St.. New York I





)

'ofiry 8 Lbs. Cob

" ' ioilIeBushel!





Men, here's Corn! It’s nearer all

Corn and no Coll than I ever saw

before. and I’ve been in the agri-

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62 lbs. from 70 lbs. of cars. Just

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My grand Combination Catalog is ready and you

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in many varieties Sample growing Fruit Plant, FREE.

Write for it and my catalog Now.





W. N. SOARFF, New Carlislo, Ohio





   

   





 





 

   

   

 





 





 

   





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 

 

 





   





 





Triple Your

Fruit Cro





You Cen Do It y

Spraying



Government Tests have proven

that nnsprayed trees onlyproduce

about 25$ first grade, salable

fruit,while trees properly spray-

ed will yield et least 90% perfect

fruit—fruit that will also save

through the winter. Can you at-

ford not tosprayi Buyths famous





c R E s T L r N 1:

Double Acting

Spray Pump

—ths barrel pattern. it makes

the work easy, is the most sim-

ple to operate, and produces a

constant, uniform spray that is

most effective. Let us send you





ClESliJNE rc. co. 33°”53P‘;°§’Ef“‘c‘r'es '2‘. on.





You Need This





 





il‘ftutrou





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





as well as Asplnwan Potato Planter 1

No. 3 to get 100% crops.





Aspinwall





machines are designed for greatest em-

clency,ec0uomy,specd. Hprnysfour rows

at once, Handles the. heaviest mixtures.

Relief Valve controls pressure. Fruit Tree

attachment furnished. Also broadcast Attach-

ment for spraying weeds.



Our illustrated Booklet MAILED FREI.

Write for it.





ASPINWALL MFG. CO.

439 Sabin Street, - Jackson, Mich, u. s. A.





     





 





’ ONE MAN DOES

WORK OF TWO





With Iron Age Ridlns.r Culti-

vators. You can do it easrer and

better, because they are built on

lines that. make this possible.

Hoes are under erfect controL

Can regulate 0 th and.





 





 





 





keep hoes desire dis-

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ARE YOU RUPTURBD





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





 





WOMAN AND @—

~7© HER NEEDS





 





Don’t Quarrel With Work,

You Need It to Keep You Straight.





 





which the average young person

can appreciate. .When we are

young, we are prone to sigh for case and

pleasure, to count those of our young

friends happy who never have to turn

their hand to do a thing, and to consider

ourselves hardly used that we must earn

our bread by the sweat of our brow. It

takes age and experience to bring us to

the pomt of looking upon the necessity

of hard work as the greatest gift the

Creator could have bestowed upon us.

By hard work, of course, I do not mean

drudgery, constant toil with no moments

for fun and meditation or reading, but

the actual necssity of keeping at work

day in and day out, either because we

must earn our living out in the world,

or because our hands and help are needed





THE blessing of work is not a theme





,at home. The great majority of ruined





lives are caused by one of two things,

idleness or drudgery at low pay, and it is

hard to say which causes the most ship-

wrecks.



But necessary work in just the right

measure, has been the salvation of count--

less thousands of young people. For al-

though it is a trite saying, it is a wofully

true one, “Satan finds some mischief still

for idle hands to do." If you do not be-

lieve it, look at the mischievous lives of

the leisure class. XVith no actual work

to keep them busy, these healthy young

people with active brains and hands, will

certainly find something else to occupy

their time. Late evening parties, with

wine and cigarettes, flirtations and amni—

ties are a part of their diversions which

have no place in the lives of young men

and women who are obliged to work,





* 1‘ ID



It is not a pleasing thought, perhaps,

that we must have work in order to keep

us straight. But it is true of nine-tenths

of us. Suppose that you had plenty of

money and were not obliged to work, do

you think for one moment that you would

keep in the beaten track of rectitude and

high morality? Perhaps your habits are

so strongly formed by this time that you

might, but I doubt it. You would find it

so easy to allow yourself a bit of laxitude

here and a bit more there, your money

would get you in with people who held

your ideals lightly, your old friends would

be hard at work and would have no time

for you, and the first thing you would

know you would find yourself hand in

glove with the set you now despise.





People often wonder that the children

of fine parents and with comfortable

bonus so often go wrong, while boys and

girls with no particular home training and

no money back of them become successful

men and women. It is no surprise to me

at all. The young people from the good

homes have good blood and that is all.

Often they have not good training, for

our American fathers and mothers of

the professional or merchant class are

sadly lacking in their knowledge of how

children should be brought up. The chil—

dren have plenty of money and no re-

sponsibility. Of course, they go wrong.

“'hat else could they do? It is much

more of a surprise to me to see young

men and women who are helped to an

education really making something of

his or her life, than it is to see. them

fritter their chances away.





On the other liand‘: ligre is a boy or a

girl from a poor family, with nothing, ap-

parently, to encourage them to rise. But

the abject misery and squalor they see in

their home is the very thing that is need-

cd to spur them on. They see where

their parents failed, and they resolve

that their lives shall be different. Their

poverty and hardships serve to keep them

in the straight way. They miss the temp-

tations that come to young people with

more money and the result of sin and

folly as it has been revealed to them in

their own childhood's home, keeps them

straight. They succeed, because they

have seen the. curse of failure. 01"

course. they deserve credit, but not so

much as the young person who has had

to light the curse of money and ease.



Poverty is painful; hard work is wear-

ing. But if any who reads this is repin—

ing at such a lot. remember that it may

be what you need to keep you straight.

This world is full of people who can’t

stand prosperity. Give them a taste of

it. and they are lost. I actually believe

that that is the reason so many of us

are kept grinding away the greater share

of our lives. The Providence which

watches over us can See where we would

finish, were we once to get beyond the

necessity of work.



This has been a comforting thought to

me, when I grew tired of the long days

of toil. Here’s hoping it may prove of

equal value to some other woman who is

Sick of her lot.



DEBORAH.





 





Michigan Country Women as Money Earners,





No.





3.





 





Raising Persian Cats Has Proven Pleasant and’ Profitable

to a Wayne County Woman.





“Why couldn’t country women raise

Persian cats?” queried Mrs. P. Franklin

of the Abbotsford Cattery, when she was

about the





approached advisability of





 





Mrs. P. Franklin.

women on the farms taking up that line

of money making. “There’s no reason

on earth Why they couldn’t, and every

reason why they should be more success-

ful than city women. They have better

milk for the pussies for one thing, and





for another they have ever so much more

room. The more room the cats have the

better and larger they grow, and the

larger they are the more valuable. On

the back end of a city lot, the cats really

do not have enough r00m to do their best.

I have a portable runway for mine, which

I move everywhere on my lot, but I

could do much better if I had the ‘all

out doors' of the farmer’s wife."





And if anyone is in a position to know

what is best for the breeding of Persian

cats, Mrs. Franklin should be that wom-

an. She has been in the business for

years; has taken first prizes at different

state fairs; has been president of the

Detroit Cat Club, and is consulted daily

by women who are starting in the busi-

ness and meet with some of the diffi-

culties which beginners in every line of

work are bound to meet. Surrounded by

her beautiful cats at her home, she

gave some information as to how one

should start in this fascinating line of

money making.



"A good breeding cat may be purchased

fer $25,” said she. “Of course. you could

get a kitten for $10 or $15, but it is better

to pay more and get a cat, as you never

really know what a kitten will be until

it is a year old. In 65 days the kittens

are born, and in a couple of months, they

may be sold at frOm $10 a piece up to as

high. as you dare ask and are able to

get. There are usually from two to six

kittens, though sometimes there are





eight. It is better to let the mother raise

only four, and keep a. common, short-

haired'cat to mether any others. They

should not be weaned under two months,

to get best results, though some wean

them younger.

t l C



“After they are weaned feed them milk

three times a. day, I always scald the

milk, until they are a year old. After

that I feed them porridge and milk in the

morning, and a meat meal once a day,

beef, mutton, liver, heart, anything but

pork. I feed a great deal of beef heart.

They are fine mousers, and if you have a





APRIL 9, 1910': "





bred. Then the colors will be about

equaL _ .



Of course, you want your cats regis-

tered, as a.‘ farmer registers his prize

Stock, and'only line-bred cats’can be

registered. You must be sure there is no

common blood, though after four genera-

tions :1 cat with common ancestry may

be registered if it has been carefully line-

brade that long. It is curious to note,

though, that the old short—haired ances-

tors may erop up in their descendants of

the seventh and eighth generation, just

as the one drop of bad blood shows in

the human being after a century or so.”





 





A View of Mrs. Franklin’s Cattery.





Persian cat around you will never be

bothered with mice. They love grass and

catnip, too, and I have a bushel of catnip

dried every fall for mine.



“Persian cats are no harder to raise

than ordinary alley cats. no matter what

you may hear as to their delicacy. You

can keep them out doors all winter if you

want, in fact, the stud cat must not be

brought in. They must be kept dry, but

the cattery need not be heated. Build

shelves so they can climb, study them as

you do your babies and treat their little

ailments much the same. In my experi-

ence I have never had to call a veterinary

more than once or twice. There are two

or three magazines devoted to the sub-

ject and a woman who goes into the

business can take one of them and l‘carn

for herself how to take care of her stock.



"In picking out a queen, the woman

must be careful to look for what we call

‘type.’ The cat, above all things, must

be broad between the eyes, must have a

short nose, small ears, a cobby, or low

broad body, short legs, a short tail and a

long coat, the longer the better. Blue,

yellow, and black and yellow cats, must

have yellow or orange eyes; silver cats

must have green eyes, and white cats

should have blue or amber eyes. \Vhen

the kittens come, though, do not be dis-

couraged if your blue cats have blue eyes

f0r all kits have blue eyes. The color

changes during the first year to the shade

required by ‘type.’



“I have found all colors equally hardy.

So far as I can see, a white cat is as

hardy as a blue or a tortoise shell or a

silver. In breeding it is best to breed

color to color. If you do not the color of

the sire will predominate if he is older and

line bred, unless the queen is also line.





The cats are remarkably intelligent, and

seemingly understand everything which

is said to them. In disposition they are

much like people, many of them being

loving and good natured, while otheis

have the veiled claw in the paw of silk

ready for offenders. If you have been in

the habit of calling these long—haired

beauties “Angoras,” stop it. They are

“Persians.”





 





SHELVES FOR KEEPING PLANTS.





 





My husband out two six-inch boards

just reaching the outside edge of the

window casing. From a furniture store

we got a bundle of pieces of red and

green' window shades—trimmings from

the edges—and which they gladly gave

away. I covered the boards with the

green, fitting it smoothly around corners

and fastening with small tacks.



Then two screw eyes were screwed into

each end of the boards, half an inch from

the end. In the ‘window casing an inch

and a half from the ends of the shade

was placed another. No. 2 picture wire

was fastened securely to the back screw

eye on the first board, up to the one in

the casing, and when I had decided how

high I wished the shelf, wound securely

around it, and down to the front screw

eye. The other end was treated the same,

care being taken that it hung even. The.

lower shelf was fixed in the same way.



I then took the red pieces and made

covers for the cans containing my plants.

I cut strips just the height of the cans

allowed for lapping. With red san silk

I sewed them, making them loose enough

so I can slip the cans up out of them

easily when I wish to set the plants in the

sink for a shower bath. M. M. N.





 





 





. A “alien.” wmrswmh-M: -





“"‘W1MM-=t:w Rm 2&mmmwmog .





A Fine Type of Persian.





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APRIL 9, 1916‘.





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





This department is opened as a

means of exchange of new and suc-

cessful ideas in homemaking. If you

have learned something in cooking,





sewing, child raising, fancy work,

economy, anything which is helpful,

and new, send it in. Twenty-five





cents will be paid for every article

used, but none will be returned. Keep

‘your suggestions short.





 





 





 





 





 





1' will tell you of my way of' washing

oy which I have my clothes all on the line

by 9:30 a. m. Have a, family of five, cm.

a baby of a year, to wash for. In the

first place, I wash Tuesday, leaving Mon-

day free to pick up, etc., which the house

always needs after Sunday. I also sort

my clothes, first taking them out on the

porch and thoroughly shaking them, each

piece till entirely free from dust, lint,

etc. Right here let me say that I con-

sider half the washing is in this thorough

shaking and using plenty of rinse water,





' changing it for fresh if it gets soapy. Be-





fore going to bed I fill my boiler nearly

full of soft water and set on back of

stove. Shave in from one-half to three-

fourths of a bar of soap, add two or three

tablespoons of washing powder. Into

this I put the best lot of white clothes.

In the morning I get my breakfast start-

ed, then get my wash bench and two tubs

out. Into one I put about two pails of

comfortably warm water from the reser-

voir. To each pail full I add one table-

spoon each of powdered 'borax and am-

monia. Into this I put my flannels, soap-

ing each piece with a good white soap,

cover with an apron or other cloth and

leave until after breakfast. Into the other

I put more warm water and put in the

outing flannel night dresses, etc., soaping

each piece as I did the flannels. Now I

finish the breakfast. The last thing be-

fore sitting down to the table I pull the

boiler to the front of the stove. After

breakfast I clear the table and pile the

dishes in dishpan and set away till wash-

ing is done. Now I rub out my night-

dresses and put through the wringer.

Empty the tub, add more water, (cold

this time), and rinse outings thoroughly;

again empty tub. Put in warm water,

same temperature as the flannels are in,

add same amount of powdered bOrax and

ammonia. Rub flannels on washboard

and put immediately into rinse water.

I know this is contrary to all teaching

but I always rub soap on each piece and

r'ub on the washboard. My flannels do

not shrink and are as soft when worn out

as when new. When fiannels are washed

I put in stockings, which are turned

Wrong side out and washed only on that

side as that keeps the lint from right

side. After all are rinsed and put

through wringer I hang them out, hanging

each kind by itself according to size. Now

I empty both tu‘bs. One I fill nearly full

of cold water and add bluing. Make my

starch, and by this time the clothes in

the boiler should be boiling. Stir thor-

oughly; 'dip out into empty tub and add

cold water enough to rub them out. Put

the next lot in the boiler. It will not set

the dirt if the water is boiling when

clothes are put in, but water which is

just hot will. Rub out clothes that. are

in tub, putting each piece at once into

bluing water and rinse thoroughly. When

all are rubbed wring out of bluing water.

By rinsing each piece as put in you can

turn wringer 'with right hand, feed with

left and not have to stop. Proceed in

this way till white clothes are all out,

adding a little sal-soda to water in boiler

'before putting in kitchen towels, cleaning

cloths, etc. Now put colored clothes to

soak in suds in tub while you starch any

pieces that need it and hang them all

out. Then 'rub, rinse, starch and hang out

colored ones. After all the clothes are

out of the" boiler I put my mop in to scald

as this keeps it sweet and free from

germs. Now empty and clean boiler, tubs,

wringer, etc., and put away; mop floor

and wash dishes. In‘summer when we

wear cotton underwear and white night

dresses'I wash dishes, etc., 'while the

clothes are coming to a boil. I have done

washing by this method for five years

and am always congratulated on the

snoWy whiteness of my clothes. If the

flannels and outings are shaken thor-

oughly and stretched into shape when

hung on line, then folded and hunglon

clothes bars immediately Von-taking down,

they. look as 'we'll Without liming, besides





being healthieras' th‘e. Oxygen. in. them: .15;





notk‘liléd Withthe hotjimzi. I' lay a clean

paper on top of reservoir and warming

oven to stove, fold towels, sheets, etc.,





and lay on these papers. Put a clean

board which I «keep for this purpose on

top” and weight it down. Leave till the

clothes are smooth. They will look as

if ironed and it is so much quicker and

easier.——Reador.





 





RICE IS THE MOST DIGESTIBLE

STARCH.—N0. 10.





BY MRS. ALTA LITTELL.





O the American housewife who oc-

l casionally serves boiled rice with





cream and sugar, or a simple rice

pudding, it seems strange to reflect that

rice forms the principal food of one-third

of the human race. Yet it is true that

our brothers in Asia who constitute a

third of the world’s population use rice

as the principal article of food.



Rice starch is the most easily digested

of starches. In fact, Cutter ranks it first

among cooked food in point of digesti-

bility. It contains 77 per cent starch and

about seven per cent pretein, and is four

times as nutritious as potatoes, according

to some authorities, while others claim it

is only equal in nutritive value to pota—

toes. Rice is poor ln fats and salts. Dur-

ing digestion, 96.1 per cent of the rice

is absorbed by the body, leaving only a

small per cent to be rejected.



For many babies rice water is a far

better food than the oat meal water so

many mothers give with the milk. Oat

meal contains nearly eight per cent of fat,

and is loosening to the bowels, whereas

rice contains less than one per cent of

fat and is constipating. The mother

should study her own child, and decide

which of these foods would be best for

her baby, instead of blindly giving the

little one anything a neighbor advises.



Rice should always be washed carefully

through three or four waters before cook-

ing, and then boiled in about four times

as much water. Cook until it takes up

all the water, and to avoid burning use

a double boiler towards the last.



For a change from the inevitable boiled

rice, try a combination of rice with sal-

mon. Line a mold if you have one, if not

a small bread pan, with warm cooked

rice. Fill the center with salmon which

has been boned, flaked, and seasoned with

a dash of nutmeg, pepper and salt, cover

with rice and steam an hour. Serve on

a platter garnished with parsley, cress,

or, if you have neither, with tiny celery

leaves.



Other starches which are much used

for puddings and foods for invalids and

infants, are arrowroot, tapioca and sago.

Arrowroot is obtained from a tuberous

root found in the West Indies and may

be cooked either with milk or water.

Arrowroot biscuits, or cookies, are made

by baking companies and are much used

by many mothers for babies instead of

wheat flour crackers.



Sago is obtained from the pith of the

sago palm. It is used in puddings and

soups. Tapioca, which is more generally

used by housekeepers, is obtained from

the roots of the cassava plant, a plant

which is highly poisonous. The poison is

all removed in the manufacture of tapioca

for market, and a delicious food is the

result. Tapioca is marked in two forms,

pearl tapioca, which must be soaked, and

minute tapioca which requires no soak-

ing. Pearl tapioca is preferred by many

housekeepers, who claim it gives a more

delicious pudding than the other sort. It

should be soaked several hours and boiled

until it is clear and transparent.



Tapioca. custard pudding is

every cook. How many make apple tapi-

oca? Soak a half cup of tapioca over

night in a cup of water. In the morning

add a pint of water and boil until clear,

adding a half tonspoonful of salt when

you put it over and a half cup of sugar

towards the last. When the tapioca is

clear, slice six tart apples into 'a pudding

dish. sprinkle with sugar and pour over

all the boiled tapioca. Cook in the oven

until the apples are done.



Another good pudding is made by cook-

ing a half cup of tapioca in three cups of

boiling water and a half teaspoon cf salt

until transparent, and then adding cne~

half cup of sugar and one tumbler of

jelly. This should be' poured in a mold

and chilled before serving.





HOME QUERIES EXGHI-NGE.





Can some of your readers tell me the

exact_receipt for makingra pork cake?—

Mrs. ArD.





'Mrs. “R. Bi,‘ Canandaigua:—}The surest

way I‘ ever found-is to put 'on fresh'lard

on the ink-stained spots and rub them

with your hands—Mrs. A. D., Elmira.





made by





 





 





THE MICHIGAN . ,FA‘RMER.





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit.





1





 





A GREAT 00MBINATIUN.





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit.
. .. a: “.mmwummu wan. Awwmwum. «mu flew... «y .. .





414 (22)





. . .9» . ~ ~.usa.a~mrnmm=u.-..i 0-,...





THE NHCH'IGAN FARM ER.





What The Season Shows in Suits.





“What shall I wear this season?”



is again agitating the hearts of

wOmankind. For long ago American

women decided that to be out of style

was a piece of carelessness which needed

not to be tolerated if one only took the

pains to keep one’s eyes open. And never

has the question been so easily answered

as this spring, for never has there been

so little a variety from which to choose

so far as the cut of the garments is

concerned.



To begin with, everything is severely

tailored as to suits. There are no frills,

or undersleeves or puffs of any sort, just

plain mannish-looking coats of hip length.

and neat, pleated skirts. The coats are

almost without an exception the 27-inch

jackets. The sleeves are plainly tailored,

and the lapels a bit longer, wider and

deeper than last year. For the most part,

the coats are single breasted, some with

two buttons only, others with four. Of-

ten the collar, lape-ls and cuffs are of

black silk or satin, or of a fancy cloth, or

of Persian bands. Again, they are of the

cloth like the coat, brightened with a

contrasting braid, and still again there is

no touch of color on the coat, the cuffs,

collar and lapels being of the cloth of the

suit.



Skirts are, without exception, pleated.

They may be pleated all around, or the

pleats inserted in clusters at the sides,

or the back and front. As to length, they

should be two or three inches from the





THAT ever old, ever new question,





 





.x‘





 





 





the distinguishing note about all this

year’s goods.



The first illustration shows a typical

spring suit,, with the broad collar and

deep lapels, the single breasted coat and

the pleated skirt which distinguishes this

seasons’ garments. The second cut shows

a. more fancifully cut coat, while the

third is the serviceable Norfolk.



In choosing her clothes every woman

should consider first of all her circum-

stances. This comes before the all-im-

portant question, “What is in style?” If

you can have but one suit in a season,

perhaps in two or three seasons, get one

which will not attract attention either in

cut, cloth or color.





POSSIBILITIES OF THE FIRELESS

COOKER.





 





BY EDNA SKINNER.



TO recent household invention has

proven more valuable in the sav~

ing of labor and fuel than that of



the fireless cooker. To become familiar

with its possibilities is well worth the

effort of any housewife. Not all foods

may be prepared in it but those requiring

long cooking at a low temperature may

reach a state of perfection here, especially

soups, stews and cereals.



The fireless cookstove, or cabinet, is a

chest the interior of which is divided into

compartments. In each of these compart-

ments is a vessel which is tightly cov-

ered and surrounded on all sides, top and





3





 





 





Practical Suits for the Busy Woman.





ground. Many skirts show an overskirt

effect, simulated by the use of bands, but

the skirts of suits never show the real

overskirt. All skirts are inclined to be

narrow.



This is the suit for the woman who has

but one, which she must wear for all oc-

casions. She who can enjoy the luxury

of two, may choose for a second the suit

with a Norfolk jacket, but as this coat is

suitable only for morning wear and not

at all for dress occasions, the woman of

one suit will do well to avoid it. The

Norfolk, as you remember from a few

years back, is a pleated jacket with a

belt. This year the belt is usually of pat-

ent leather, though one occasionally sees

Norfolks with belts of the cloth.



Without doubt, blue is the leading color,

and navy blue the preferred shade. Shop-

keepers will tell you they sell more blue

than anything else. After this comes

gray stripes, and black and white stripes,

years ago, being favorites. There are

grap, stripes, and black and white stripes,

though the black and white is little seen.

Of course, some other colors are seen,

but blue and gray are the colors, brown

having passed into oblivion.



Serges are most popular in materials

though by no means the only things seen.

There are diagonal worsteds and home-

spuns, and soft broadcloths for the woman

who never feels right unless her suit is

of that cloth. The serges are not so

wiry as in former years, but have ac—

quired that softness of texture which is





bottom, by material which is a good non-

conductor of heat. Many people have

most successfully made these cabinets at

home.



The principle of the fireless cooker is

to retain the heat which has first been

generated on an ordinary coal, gas, wood,

or oil stove. The vessel should have no

projecting handles, lids, or OILSDS which

would prevent its fitting snugly into the

pocket of the cabinet. The insulating

material retains the heat and prevents

the surrounding atmosphere from reach-

ing the interior of the vessel, therefore

the temperature is lowered very little,

and the food continues to cook until it is

thoroughly and evenly done.



Prepare the food which is to be cooked

in the usual way and then, place in the

vessel with which the fireless cooker is

equipped. Heat to the boiling point and

keep boiling a few minutes, the length of

time depending upon the nature of the

food material. Without removing the

cover, quickly place the vessel in the cab-

inet and close the lid, fastening it se-.

curely. All food must be at the boiling

temperature when removed to the cook-

er. It usually requires about twice as

much time as an ordinary flame stove.

But inasmuch as there is absolutely no

consumption of fuel or gas, and no fur-

ther attention is required, the added time

is a gain rather than a drawback. rFur—

thermore, the flavor and attractiveness of

the food are not affected by this long

process of cooking, as there is no loss





through evaporation; in fact, some foods

are more delicate and delicious in flavor

when prepared by this method. Especially

is there great gain in delicacy of flavor

if cereals and certain cuts of meat are

cooked slowly.



As a matter of fact, the printed direc-

tions on all packages of cereal give too

short a time for the cooking. It requires

several hours to properly cook most cer-

eals and make them digestible, but it is

impractible and almost impossible on an

ordinary flame stove. It is preferable to

cook them over hot water after the first

five minutes, and a double boiler may be

improvised for use in the cabinet, by plac-

ing a smaller vessel in the regular “fire-

less" kettle containing boiling water.”





The following recipes are well adapted

for the fireless cooker and may suggest

others: Cereals1~0ne cup rolled oats;

two and one-half cups boiling water; one

teaspoon salt. Put boiling water and salt

into smaller vessel. Add slowly the rolled

oats, stirring gently with a fork. Cook

directly over the flame for three to five

minutes, stirring frequently. Then place

the vessel on a rack in the larger kettle

containing boiling water; cover tightly

and continue cooking for five minutes.

Then without disturbing the cover, place

quickly in the fireless cooker. Leave six

hours or longer.



Cream of VVheat:—One cup of cream of

wheat; four cups boiling water; one tea-

spoon of salt. Cook the same as rolled

oats.



Cereals for breakfast may be prepared

while the kitchen range is being used for

the evening meal, and left in the fireless

cooker over night. In the morning place

over the flame until the water in outer





vessel has boiled for several minutes.

Meats.





Cooking does not add to the nutritive

value of meats and it may destroy the

texture and. lessen the digestibility. The

most expensive cuts are not necessarily

the most nutritious, and if one under-

stands how to prepare the cheaper kinds,

it is possible to have a tender and juicy

piece of meat at a comparatively small

cost. The secret of making tough meat

tender is by slow cooking, which means,

of course, at a low temperature.



Braised -Beef:—-Three pounds of beef,

upper or lower round: two slices of fat

salt pork; one—quarter cup of onion; half

cup carrot, half cup celery, half cup tur-

nip, cut in cubes. sprig of parsley, six

peppercorns. three cloves, one bay leaf,

three cups boiling water. Cut pork in

strips; try out fat and remove scraps;

wipe meat with damp cloth; brown on all

sides in hot fat, being careful not to

pierce meat with fork while turning, lest

some of the juices escape. Dredge with

flour, sprinkle with salt and pepper. Place

in Ilreless kettle, add vegetables, season-

ing. and boiling water. Cover'closely.

Boil over flame for 20 minutes. lVithout

disturbing cover, remove to cabinet, and

let it remain for five hours. Serve in

sauce made from the liquor.



Pot Roastz—Four pounds beef from the

rump; two tablespoons suet; three to four

cups of boiling water. Try out suet, re-

move scraps; wipe meat with damp cloth,

brown in hot fat; remove meat to fire-

Iesg kettle; surround with boiling salted

water; cover tightly and boil over the

flame for 30 minutes. \Vithout removing

cover, place in fireless cooker for five

hours. After removing from the cooker,

add a little of the liquor to the fat, place

in meat and brown for a few minutes.

Thicken the gravy with flour.



There are several good flreless cookers

on the market, and many of these claim

the great advantage of cooking vegetables

such as cabbage and onions, as there is

no danger of the resultant odor permeat-

ing the entire house. This is a grave mis-

take for one of the essentials in the

proper cooking of such vegetables is

thorough ventilation that the strong

smilling gases liberated by the high tem~

perature may be carried off in the steam.

To accomplish this the water should be

kept boiling all the time in a vessel only

partly covered, both these conditions be-

ing impossible with a fireless cooker.



But it does have its place in the house-





hold, and those who have learned its

proper use find it indispensable. One may

have hot water in the house at any time

and milk for the baby at any hour of the

night. Because of the moderate tempera-

ture there is no danger of overcooking,

and food can neither be- burned nor

scorched. The heavy cooking of the day

may be done in the morning and the meal

be ready to serve with only a little fur-

ther attention, which is worth a. great

deal in the warm summer weather, to say

nething of the saving of fuel.





 





APRIL 9, 1910.





planar: MENTION m: MICHIGAN manna

when you are writing to advertise".





ROSY COLOR





Produced by Postum.





“When a person rises from each meal

with a ringing in the ears and a general

sense of nervousness, it is a common

habit to charge it to a deranged stomach.



“I found it was caused from drinking

coffee, which I never suspected for a long

time, but found by leaving off coffee that

the disagreeable feelings went away.



“I was brought to think of the subject

by getting some Postum and this brought

me out of trouble.



“It is a most appetizing and invigorat.

ing beverage and has been of such great

benefit to me that I naturally speak of it

from time to time as opportunity offers.



“A lady friend complained to me that

she had tried Postum, but it did not taste

good. In reply to my question she said

she guessed she boiled it about ten min-

utes. I advised her to follow directions

and know that she boiled it fifteen or

twenty minutes, and she would have

something worth talking about. A short

time ago I heard one of her children say

that they were drinking Postum now-a-

days, so I judge she succeeded in making

it good, which is by no means a difficult

task.



“The son of one of my friends was

formerly a pale lad, but since he has been

drinking Postum, has a fine color. There

is plenty of evidence that Postum actually

does ‘make red blood,’ as the famous

trade-mark says.”



Read “The Road to Wellville,” found in

pkgs. “There‘s a Reason.”





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine. true.

and full of human interest.





WESTERN GANAIIA





What I . I. III". the Great Rollroad Mani-to.

Says About Its Wheat-Produclng Power'-

"The greatest need of this country (United

States) in another generation or two

Will he the providing of homes for

its people and producing auflicient

for them. The days of our promi-

nence as a wheat exporting country

are gone. Canada. is tobe the great

whenfi country." J. J. HILL.

This great railroad magnate is

taking advantage of the situation

by extensive railway ulldlng

to the wheat fields ofWeotern

o. Upward: o





 





 





   

 





6‘ fl”





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





.t a v were harvested In 1909. and the average

"I: ”m of the three provinces of Alberta, Sukatche-

wan and Manitoba will be upwards of 98 bu.

per acre. Free homesteads or 160

- .. acres. and adjoining pre-emption

of 160 acres(at $3 per acre). are to

be had in the choicest districts.

Schools convenient climate ex-

cellent. soil the very heat. railways

lose at hand, bul ding lumber

heap, fuel easy to get and reason-

ble in rice. water easily procured.

mixed arming a success. Write as to

\ best place for settlement, settlers' low railway

5. rates. descriptive illustrated "Last Best West"

g to Sup’t of immigration. Ottawa. Canada, or

a: wnthevmnfidlgn Goverii’znoiogt Agent. (0 (8)

2‘ . _ . o_ nnes efi’erson Ave.

'fi- Detroxt. Mich; b. A. Luurier. Mali:

, queue, 10h.





 





can





lv/"i—fl‘o Bushels of Wheat .





 





 





 





 





WHY SUFFER





the misery of painful and mortiiy-‘

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a never-failing cure for erysxpelas,

eczema, tetter and all the milder

forms of skin diseases, black-

heads. pimples. and rash. llels-

kell's Medicinal Toilet Soc aids a

cure—use it for toxlet and ath. if

you have any skin trouble use





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Write for our new booklet “Health and Beauty."

JOHNSTON. HOLLOWAY & 00..

6'31 Common. so. Phllo.





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UNITED FAcTORl‘Es co. Dept. Atmclovolond. O.

f . \





 





 





11!: LARGEST mo azéfilifia or





MACH I N ERY i,“ Amgficm 1V;



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‘vla‘av" V





 





1‘93“ at?! .. € ' "





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Wgcz'flw . .
APRI'L' ’9, 1910: -' ' _

EDUCATE save 70 as IHU‘SBANDS.





 





Editor 'Woman's Department—In an-

swer to the article in Michigan Farmer

of February 26, signed “Deborah," would

like to say: I think she has a mistaken

sense of where a woman‘s place is, or

rather, what her duties are. She admits

she has no taste for a domestic life be-

cause she was given an education, and

as I understand from the article, thinks

girls Should have a limited knowledge of

books, so .they will be contented to be

merely housekeepers and man's slave.



'The Bible says, “God created woman

for a help—meet to man,” that is, a com-

panion, and why don’t man treat his wife

as such? But not so. He considers when

married, his wife belongs to him, body,

soul, mind, and pocket-book. He will, by

one pretext or another, manage to get all

she possesses when married, and what-

ever may fall to her later, and appropriate

it for his own use, while she is obliged to

.be contented with whatever crumbs he

chooses to throw out to her.



Why does he not treat her as well as

he would a business partner, divide the

profits, or pay her for her work? What

man would be contented to work hard all

his life, and let someone else draw the

pay and be obliged to ask, yes, and beg,

for money enough to buy necessary arti-

cles? And perhaps be growled at, that

he dared to ask that.



This is woman’s position in nine-tenths

of the homes today. It is no wonder she

needs to be kept ignorant, in order to

keep her contented. There are but few

women who do not enjoy home life, if they

are treated fairly. There is no one who

will do more for her child than a mother,

or who will sacrifice more for her chil-

dren, husband and home, than she. But

she has a right to something more than

crumbs grudgingly given her.



The present need is not so much for

girls whose sole aim is housekeeping, as

for men who have been taught their wives

are companions and partners, and should

be treated justly. With Deborah I agree,

girls should be taught tome-making,

cooking, sewing, etc., but I also believe

there is a greater need, that our boys

should be taught they have duties and

responsibilities in the home, it they ex-

pect to have happy homes, and contented

wives.





Charlotte, Mich. Mrs. I. C.





A YOUNG MAN’S OPINION OF THAT

SCHOOL LAW.





 





Dear Editorz—I am a young man of

twentyoeight and having been a member

of our district school board for the last

two years, I have had a chance to be

somewhat in touch with the school laws

of Michigan. After reading the article-

entitled, “A Father’s Opinion of the School

Law,” in your issue of February 19, I

could not help thinking his article ought

to be commented on in another issue and

perhaps a few of his points criticized a.

little to make the law more clearly under-

stood by the reading public.



In the first place, I think that if our

friend would consult Dorothy‘s article

again that he had reference. to, and would

go to one of the members of his school

board and ask him for a copy of the new

school law now being distributed through

the state, he would have a broader knowl-

edge of the meaning of the school truant

law. In the second place, I think if our

friend would attend the county meeting

of education conducted by Mr. ‘Wright,

superintendent of public instruction, or

his deputy, Mr. Keeler, held for the ben-

efit of the officers of the different schofl

hoards, he would not say it is such an

unjust law after all.



It is true that for years men and women

have grown up and received a good edu-

cation and been able to fill some of our

most honored positions in lite from the

hands of fond and well educated parents

that needed no compulsory school law.

It is also true that men and women have

grown up to the mercy of the rough waves

of life at the hands of fond, but unedu.

cated and unlaw-abiding parents, because

there was no compulsory school law com-

pelling them to receive a reasonable

amount or education to put them on a

more level basis with the more educated

citizen of our c’ountry.



It is this latter class of citizens that

help to fill our state penitentiaries to

a greater or less extent, because of their

ignorance of the laws placed before them.-

I also think that this will offset “the

selffsacxlflcing spirit" our friend speaks

of asbeing wrested from the parents of

the-better educated.



Our friend then says, ,' “There will be

nothing for our poorllathers'and mothers





to do but to grub and dig to raise funds

for the state to turn out, in a few years,

a lot of machine-made men and women,”

and then he asks the question, “Will they

be outclassed by the old-fashioned pro-

duct?" 1, for one, at least, ansWer in the

affirmative, “Yes." Our friend, I think,

will have to admit that since history he-

gan each generation has outclassed the

preceding generation by quite odds in

almost, if not in every, line of business

in our busy world. He then saxs, “The

state is going a little too far when the

judgment of our fathers is entirely ig-

nored as to physical ability to attend

school." It‘s not the law-abiding citi—

zen's judgment that is entirely ignored,

it’s the unlaw-abiding that this phase of

the'law is aimed at, as quoted by Dor-

othy in her article in issue of January 29.



And then, as far as a bright child being

compelled to attend school from the age

of seven years until he or she has attained

an eighth grade diploma, this will rarely

bring on insanity, as our friend claims,

an “outrage on such a law.” I think

he will find there are few cases of in-

sanity brought on by an eighth grade ed-

ucation, which any child in our land

should have, to say the least.



I think if our correspondent could be

shown a little more light on this compul-

sory school law if he is a fair minded man

he would sing praises for it and‘ wish it

had been in force when he was a boy,

compelling him to go to school rather

than being home digging potatoes. He

would not be “despising it,” as he now

says he does,



I sincerely believe every child should

have an eighth grade diploma, and still

better to have a twelfth grade high

school education. As one of our promi-

nent statesmen said at our farmers’ in-

stitute a short. time ago, “Send the boy

to school anyway and see how he turns

out, but don’t put a $1,000 education in a

$25 young one, or give a $1,000 young one

a $25 education.” Suppose a boy has at-

tained twelfth grade education and is still

working, on the farm, this education is

not going to hurt him if he has rcccivc'l

the proper training previous to his passing

his examination. Then suppose this boy

has grown up into manhood and by acci-

dent, or perhaps sickness, is disabled for

manual labor for life, is he not more able

to cope with the circumstances surround-

ing him, than the boy that did not even

receive an eighth grade education, as far

as mental labor is concerned?





So far, we have been perhaps a little

one-sided in placing the blame for some

of our young men and women of today

having a reasonable education on their

parents, when, if the truth were known

they themselves are partially, if not

wholly, to blame. In speaking of my own

experience as a boy in school back 13 or

14 years ago, which was about the last

schooling I got, I find that I did not ap-

preciate the value of a better education

then as I would now. 0! course, our dis-

trict schools then were not graded as they

are today, if they had been I, with five

or six of my schoolmates, could probably

have passed the sixth grade and possibly

the seventh grade examination. Our

parents were not too blame. We thought

we had enough, but'we had no compulsory

school law compelling us to have at least

an eighth grade education, if we had to

go until We were 16 years old, to get it.

All I regret is, that this law did not come

20 years ago. That is the. way I feel

about it and think there are others that

feel the same way.



Of course, I am not whining about my

lot. I'm thankful I’ve got what education

I have, for there are others worse off

than myself, some that actually quit

school at the age of 14, and in their third

reader.



“'hen I buy or sell a load of hay, corn.

oats or wheat or hogs, I can figure them

up comparatively easily, but when it comes

to being able to stand up before a crowd

for a toast, as one is sometimes called

on, “I am not there with the goods," and

it is pretty embarrassing, too. Spelling,

composing, and good penmanship is where

I am again handicapped, unless I consult

a dictionary freely.



I. R. 8., Homer.





 





Buy five cents worth of citric acid at

the drug store, and put about a level half

teaspoonful in a bottle with two table—

spoonfuls of hot rain water. When the

crystals are dissolved it will remove

stains from the hands made by fruits or

vegetables. Rub the stains till they dis—

appear then wash the hands in clear,

Warm water. It is perfectly harmless.

being the Same as lemon juice, and

cheaper and more convenient to use.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





THE" MICHIGAN FARMER. ' ' <23) ' 415





$2





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Genuine Joy

Genuine Appetite

Genuine Health

and therefore

Genuine lexion' ,

All come from

eating the





GENUINE





TOASTE.





The standard set by Kellogg's '3 unequalled in any

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The good effect of its continued use, upon the health. is

evidenced by the clear complexion of its best patrons.





But you must get the right kind.





None Genuine % W

without this . O ' y





Signature





 





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MACHINE





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Said to: Catalog No. 113 with special terms and compare Kalamazoo prices with other:





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E MARKETS '. F





 





DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





April 6, 1910.

Grains and Seeds.



Wheat—The week has been an anxious

one for both sides of the market—the dry

weather scaring the bears as long as it

continued, for each day without rain was

permanently damaging the crop, while

the coming of moisture put the bulls on

the defensive and gave houses that had

sold short, hope of securing grain at lower

figures. In the southwest the crop has

been relieved by general showers; and

growers in the northwest were enabled to

put in full time in the fields preparing

for the spring wheat crop and sowing

same. The acreage sown is reported large

and the earliness of the sowing gives the

grain a splendid chance to mature early.

The bulls have been pointing to the vis-

ible supply as an index to the wisdom of

their stand but the late receipts have

proven large with the result that the sup-

ply is now only about 7,000,000 bushels

short of the figures of a year ago. Flour

is only in fair demand. At this date in





1909 No. 2 red wheat was quoted at

$1.33 per bu. Quotations for the past

week are:

. No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May. July.

Thursday ....1.17% 1.17% 1.18% 1.09%

Friday .......1.18 1.18 1.18% 1.09%

Saturday .....1.17 1.17 1.17%, 1.08%





Monday ......1.16% 1.16% 1.17 1.08

Tuesday

Wednesday ..1.15 1.15 1.15% 1.06%

Conn—There has been a weakening in

corn values partly due to the bearish

feeling in wheat circles, but also influ-

enced by the progress made with spring

work in corn states, improvement of grass

and liberal receipts of the grain. The

local market is slow and quiet. There

was a. decrease of over a third of 3. mil-

lion bushels in the visible supply. One

year ago we were paying 681/20 per bushel

for No. 3 corn. Quotations for the week





are:

No.3



- No.3 Yellow.



Thursday 61%, 62%,



Friday 61% 62%



Saturday 60%. 61%

Monday 60% 61%

Tuesday .. ..



Wednesday 59% 60%





Oats.-—The favorable weather for the

early seeding of this crop has been a

bearish feature of the trade. Much sow-

ing has already been completed. The

local receipts were large early this week,

causing a quiet market at prices a cent

below the average of a week ago. Visible

supply shows slight increase. The price

for No. 3 white oats one year ago was

571/20 per bu. Quotations are as follows:



Standard.

Thursday 46%

Friday ... 46%

Saturday . 46%

Monday 46%

Tuesday ..

Wednesday 45%



Beans.—The bean trade is still dead.

Dealers are not exchanging the legumes

and prices here are only nominal. The

following are the figures:





Cash. April.

Thursday $208 $2.10

Friday 2.08 2.10

Saturday ........ 2.06 2.08

Monday 2.06 2.06

Tuesday ...... .........

Wednesday 2.06 2.09





Cloverseed.—After the big slump of last

week this market recovered part of the

loss and remained steady. The trading

is still active and quite a fair volume of

business is being done. Quotations for





the week are:

Prime Spot. Alsike,

..... 7.25 $7.00





Thursda .

Friday y 7.25 7.00

Saturday ..... 7.20 7.00

Monday ...... 7.35 7.00

Tuesday ..... . ..... . ............ .. . .

Wednesday 7.65 7.00





Rye.—Market dull and steady. .No. 1

is quoted at 800 per bu., which is last

week's quotation.





Visible Supply of Grain.

This week. Last week.





. . . . . ......... 29,004,000 27,620,000

$231M. .. ........... 13,774,000 14,176,000

Oats . ................ 9,915,000 9,662,000

Bye ..... . ............ 686,000 636,000

Barley ............... 2,990,000 2,734,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc,

Flown—Flour market is steady with the

values given a week ago. Quotations as





follows:



Clear .................. . ....... ......$5.gg



Straight ..... . ........ 5.



Patent Michigan ................. . . . . 6.15



Ordinary Patent ..................... 5.95

Hay and Straw.——Last week’s prices



prevail: Quotations are: No. 1 tim-





h new, $18; No. 2 timothy, $17; clover,

(mtixbe'd, $17; rye straw, $8.50; wheat and

oat straw $7 per ton. ’



Feed—Prices are steady on last week :1

basis. Carlot prices on _track: Bran,

$27 per ton; coarse middlings, $27; fine

middlings, $30; cracked corn, $27; coarse

corn meal, $27; corn and oat chop, $25

per ton.



Potatoes—There is no encouragement

for the holders of potatoes other than

that the market remains about where it

was a week ago. There are plenty of

offerings and only a fair demand. Mich-

igan grown are selling in car lots at 25@

300 er bu.



Prrtjivislons.—Family pork, $29@30; mess

pork, $28.50; medium clear, $286330; pure

lard, 15c: bacon, 20@22c; shoulders, 15c;

smoked hams, 18%@19c; picnic hams, 14c.



Hides—No. 1 cured, 11c; No. 2 cured,

10c; No. 1 green bulls, 80; No. 1 green

calf, 14c; No. 2 green calf, 130; No. 1

cured calf, 14c; No. 2 cured calf, 13c;

No. 1 horsehides, $3.50; No. 2 horsehides,

$2.50; sheepskins, as to wool, 50c@$2.



Dalr and Poultry Products.



Butter.— here has been an improve-





, quotations.





ment in the offerings of butter, and prices

are a cent lower for creamery stock with

dairy goods on a par with last week’s

Extra creamery butter is

quoted at 31c per lb. First, 30c; dairy,

22c; packing stock. 20c. ‘

Eggs—There is' a splendid demand for

eggs' and in spite of the fact that offer-

ings are liberal prices remain on the same

basis as last week. Thus far practically

no stocks have been accumulated. Fresh

receipts, cases included, are quoted at

21c per dozen. '

Poultry.——There has been no change in

values for either live or dressed poultry

during the past week. The supplies are

smaller and demand fair. Quotations are:

as follows. Live—Spring checkens, 16%

@17c; hens, 16%@17c; old roosters and

stags, 12@13c; ducks, 16@17c; geese, 1342)





14c; turkeys, 17@180. Dressed—Chick-

ens, 17@18c; hens, 17@180; ducks, 19@





20c; geese, 15c; turkeys, 20@24c.

Cheese.——Michigan, late made, 15@15%c;

Michigan, fall made, 16%@17c; York state,

18%c; limburger, Wisconsin, 180, New

York, 190; bricks, 18%@19c; Swiss, do-

mestic block, 20c; Swiss loaf, 22@23c.

Calves.—Lower. Choice to fancy, 12@

121/2'c; ordinary, 10@11c.

Fruit. and Vegetables.

Apples.-—Market on last week’s basis.

Spy, $4154.50; Baldwin, $3.50@4; Steel red,

$5; Greening, $4@4.50 per bbl.

Cranberries.—Cape Cod berries selling

at $2 per bu.

0nlons.—Domestic, 80@85c per bu;

Spanish, $1.90 per crate.

Cabbage.—~$1.75@2 per bbl.

Vegetables.—Beets, 600 per bu; brussels

sprouts, 250 per qt; carrots, 50c per bu;

cauliflower, $2.25@2.50 per bu; celery, 45

@50c per doz; eggplant, $2@2.50 doz;

green onions, 15c per doz; lettuce. hot-

house, $1.50@1.75 per doz; mint, 25c per

doz; parsley, 25@.30 per doz; radishes,

25@300 doz; spinach, 90c hamper; turnips,

50c per bu; watercress, 40c per doz; wax

beans, $4.50 per bu; pleplant, 450 per doz.





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.



Eggs are higher, jobbers paying the

country trade 19@20c this week. The

large amount of eggs going into storage

accounts fOr the rise, and lower prices

are bound to come soon. Dairy butter

is off a trifle, with quotations at 24c.

Creamery has slipped of! 1c and is worth

300. Dressed hogs have not changed ma-

terially in price, and are bringing 11%@

12%c. On account of better inquiry from

outside shipping points, lIVe fowls, chick—

ens and ducks are 1c higher, dealers pay-

ing 15c. Other poultry brings the follow-

ing prices: Old cocks, 100; turkeys, 16c;

geese, 8c. Grain prices are as follows:

Wheat, $1.11; corn, 61c; oats, 46c; rye,

72c. White beans, machine screened, are

quoted On a $1.80 basis; red kidneys, $2.60.





 





New York.





Butter.—-Market firm and active at

lower prices. Western factory firsts, 22@

23c; creamery specials, 32c. ,



Eggs—Market is steady around last

week’s basis of prices. Western prime

quoted at 23@23%c per doz.



Poultry.—Dressed, quiet, with prices on

a par with those of a. week ago. Western





 





chickens, broilers, 16@17c; fowls, 14%@



19%0; turkeys, 17@23c.

Chicago.



Wheat—No. 2 red, $1.18@1.20; May,

$113974; July, $1.06%.



Corn.—No. 3, 57%@58%c; May, 60c;

July, 62%c.



Oats —No. 3 white, 41%@43%c; May,





42%c; July, 405/8c.



Butter.—Creameries are a shade lower

and dairies a little stronger on a steady

market. They are: Creameries, 26@32c;

dairies, 22@28c.



Eggs—Prices are improved a fraction

with demand excellent. Prime firsts,

22c; firsts, 21c; at mark, cases included,

18@200 per doz.



Hay and Straw—Market is weak. Quo—

tations are: Choice timothy, $17.50@18;

No. 1 timothy, $16.50@17; No. 2 do, and

No. 1 mixed, $15@16; No. 3 do. and No. 2





mixed, $9@14; rye straw,, $3699; oat

straw, $6.50@7; wheat straw, $6@6.50.





Potatoes—Values are on a par with a

week ago, fancy and choice stock selling

at 26@28c per bu., while fair to good

grades are quotable at 22@25c per bu.



Beans—Market has an easy undertone,

Choice hand-picked are quoted at $2.13@





2.14: fair to good, $2.10; red kidneys,

$2.75@3.10 per bu.

Boston.





VVool—This market is showing the first

weakness since early last fall and it ap—

pears that thc change is due largely to

lack of demand from manufacturers. The

concessions are greatest in the territory

stocks, although fleece wools are appa-

rently suffering in the same way. The

impression is. however, that the lowering

of prices is for a moral influence upon

growers, suggesting that the trade Will

not sustain the high values being asked

upon the farms for the new wool clip.

However this may be it is certain that

the amount of wool held over is very

small and nothing but promise of a large

1910 crop should materially influence the

trade. The following are the leading

quotations for domestic grades: Ohio and

Pennsylvania fleeces—No. 1 washed, 40@

410; delaine washed, 37@38c; XX, 36®37c;

flne unmerchantable, 29(fil30c; half-blood

combing, 35c; three-eighths-blood comb-

ing, 35c; quarter blood combing,_ 33%@

34c; delaine unwashed, 29c. Michigan,

Wisconsin and New York fleeces—Fine

unwashed, 24@25c; delaine unwashed, 28c:

half blood unwashed, 33@34c; three-

eighths blood unwashed, 33@34c. Ken-





 





t ck , Indiana and Missouri—Three-

eilghtl-hs blood, 35@36c; quarter blood,

34@35c.



Elgln.





Butter.—Market firm at 310 per 1b..

which is lc below the quotation of . a

week ago. The sales for the week

amounted to 464,400 lbs., compared with

456,200 for the previous week.





 





’THE, MICHIGAN FARMBR. . '





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.





 





, .' April 4, 1910.

(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

. New York Central Stock Yards,

. East Buffalo, N .)



Receipts of sale stock here today as



follows: Cattle. 175. cars, hogs, 10,400;

sheep and lambs 11,000; calves, 2,400.

_ One hundred and seventy—five cars of

cattle on our market here today. All

cattle weighing 1.200 and up with fat and

quality, sold steady with last week. Cat-

tle below that weight sold 10@15c per

hundred weight lower, and, in fact, fat

cows and bulls fully 25c per hundred

lower, Yards were well cleaned at the

close of the market, and feeling steady

at present prices.



YVe quote: Best 1.300 to 1,450-lb. steers,

$8fi_:l8.50; good 1,200 to 1.350-1b. steers,

$7.00@8; best 1,100 to 1,200—1b shipping

steers, $7.50@8; medium butcher steers,

1.000 to 1,100. $6@6.75; light-

steers, $5.50@6; best fat cows, $4.75@

5.50; fair to good cows, $4134.75; common

to medium do.. $2.50@3.75; best fat heif-

ers, $6.25@7; good fat heifers, $550636;

fair to good do., $4.75@5.50; best feeding

steers, $5.50@6; medium to good do.. $5@

5.59; stockers, all grades, $4@5; best bulls,

80.006176; bologna bulls, $4((1‘>4.50; best milk-

ers and springers, $55@65; common to

good, $25@45.



With 65‘ cars of hogs on our market

today, market opened up about a nickel





lower on all kinds than Saturday's best.





time, and closed’steady at the opening,

With a good clearance.



We quote prices as follows: Mixed.

medium and heavy, $11.20@11.30; light

to good weight yorkers, $11.15@11.25; pigs,

$10.90@11; roughs, $10.20@10,25; stags,

as to quality, $8.25@9. Few choice deals

of hogs, mostly sorted, $11.35.



The lamb market opened up slow, with

most of the best lambs selling at $9.85@

9.90; few at 10c. The market closed

steady, and about all sold, and if re-

ceipts are not too heavy, we look for a

little improvement in prices on handy

stock the balance of the week.



We quote: Best lambs, $9.85@9.90;

fair to good. $9.25@9.75; heavy lambs,

$9@9.40;'culls, $8.50@9; skin culls, $6@

$7; yearhngs, $9@9.25; 'wethers, $8.25@8.50;

ewes, $7@7.50; cull sheep, $4@6; handy

clipped lambs, $8.85@8.90; heavy clipped

do.. $8.40@8.65; clipped wethers, $7.25@

7.50; clipped ewes, $6@6.50; clipped year-

lings, $7.75@8.25; clipped cull sheep, $3@

5; veals, choice to extra, $9@9.25; fair to

good do., $8@8.50; cull to common, $6.50@

7.50; light thin calves, $5@6.50; western

E36V5QOS' $4@5.50; heavy fat calves, $5

( . .





 





Chicago.

April 4, 1910.



. Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ......11,000 19,000 17,000

Same day last year..23,184 41,062 24,426

Received last week ..45,492 71,108 44,038

Same week last year.47,072 125,960 65,360

- The week opens today with a. remark-





ably small cattle supply, and to consid-e.





erable extent» good lots went a dime

higher, not many being offered and the

best sale took place at $8.65. Trade re-

quirements were small, however, and

trade was slow most of the day, with

plain and medium cattle selling no better.

Hogs, too, were scarce, leading to some

early trades a nickel higher, but before

long the improvement was all lost. Heavy

packing and selected shipping hogs went

at $10.65@10.95, light packing and select-

ed shipping lots weighing 140 to 195 lbs.

at $10.40@10.80 and pigs at $9.40@

10.40. Stags were taken at $11.35@

12.25 and boars at 35@6. Hogs received

last week aVeraged in weight 220 lbs.,

compared with 208 lbs. 3. year ago, 212

lbs. two years ago and 226 lbs. three

years ago. Sheep and lambs were ex-

tremely dull, and prices were largely 250

lower, after last week’s slump of 50@60c.

Clipped flocks were salable as follows:

Lambs, $7.50@9; wethers, $7.25@8.15;

ewes, $6.50@8. ,



Cattle, in common with sheep and



hogs, have been affected very unfavor-

“ably recently by the greatly decreased

consumption of beef, mutton and hog

products resulting from the warm weath-

er and unusually high prices. The advent

of spring usually brings about a tempo-

rary decline in the use of meats, eggs and

vegetables being purchased largely as

substitutes. and this year the custom has

been greater than ordinarily in conse-

quence of the remarkable dearness of

meats of every description. There was a

good rally in prices last Thursday re-

sulting from a marked falling off in the

offerings, and good heavy butcher stock

was especially higher, but prior to that

day the moderate cattle supplies failed to

check the general weakness, and by VVed-

nesday a poor eastern trade had cut down

shipping orders to such an extent that

the bulk of the beeves sold 5043750 under

the recent high level, while butcher stock

was off 50fi>65c as a rule. Beef steers

have been selling largely at $6.50@8.10, with

poorer light steers going at $5.60@6.60

and the better class of shipping cattle

of good weight at $7.50@8.50, While on

Monday there was a very fair showing of

cattle at $8.15@8.75. The decline looked

big to country shippers, but even at the

lower figures cattle sold very much high

er than a month ago and far above prices

realized in former years. Cows and heif~

ers have been selling at $4637.25. with

sales of canners and cutters at 82.50604,

and bulls at $3.50@6.50. Calves had a

spurt upward on good buying orders,

with sales at $3.50@9.25 per 100 lbs., the

rise being in choice light vealers. Milk-

ers and springers were unchanged, with

moderate offerings and demand at $30@

70 per head. Stockers and feeders were

less active and lower, stockers selling at

$4@6 and feeders at $5.75@6.60, while

early in the week prime heavy feeders

were taken as high as $7 for shipment to

Indiana.



Hogs made a new record at the opening

of last’ week by selling at $11.20 for prime

heavy barrows to local speculators, being

15c above the previous high level. There

was a quick decline, however, as regular





butcher-





APRIL 9, 1910.





buyers refused to operate at such prices.





~and it was difficult to put the market up





to $11 for the best‘grade, the lack .of a

good eastern shipping demand enabling

.local packers to hold prices down much

of the time.»- The receipts continued to

fall off in volume. but such droves as did

show up graded well as a general rule,

stockmeii having a powerful incentive to

make their swine good and fat. The

hogs marketed have weighed up Well. and

farmers have made big profits, even at

the high price of feed. Fresh pork and

provisions have sold extremely high, and

bacon has sold at 300 in the Chicago re-

tail meat markets. The scarcity of h0g3

everywhere is favorable for continued

high prices, but widely extended strikes

of coal miners are a very unfavorable

feature. However, hogs could be sold at

very much lower prices and still be ex-

tremely high compared with former years.

Sheep and lambs had undergone such

highly sensational advances for several

weeks in succession’that a lively reac-.

tion seemed to be inevitable, and it

showed up last week in spite or the con—

tiiiued small receipts. The unsatisfac-

tory condition of the Buffalo and other.

eastern markets brought about a poor

eastern shipping demand, and local

slaughterers were in a position to insist

upon lower prices, even for the choicer.

conSigninents, while the unduly large of—

ferings of thin stock sold especially low

compared with recent weeks. Still sheep

sold much higher than a month ago, and

both sheep andlambs were much higher

than at corresponding dates in former

years. Buyers operated best after the

market had declined sharply, but they'

were discriminative and neglected the

half-fattened stock or made purchases

only on their own terms when fat was

lacking. Receipts came largely sham,

and buyers showed a strong distaste for

wooled stock, refusing in numerous cases

to make bids. The decline in prices has

checked marketing in various quarters.

Horses have been bringing very much

higher prices than a year ago, the re-

ceipts usually falling short of the num-

bers seen at that time, while the demand

is active in a general way. The worst

feature of the market is the offering of

inferior animals at times, causing de-

clines in such horses, for the demand is

for good horses. The best markets are

experienced as a. rule during the first half

of the week, when out-of—town buyers

are in large attendance at the public

auction sales at the stock yards. Plain,

work-worn and blemished horses are dis-

criminated against, and sales are made as

low as $75@100 per head, while medium

weight animals of good quality are in

active demand from farmers all over the

country at $140@175, with some sales as

high as $200. Eastern buyers want a.

good many heavy drafters at $175@250,

and drivers are in better demand at

$150@300. F.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





It is believed that the shortage of hogs

to be marketed in this country for the

next three months will be approximately

25 per cent less than a year ago, and the

fact is taken into consideration that many

more sows are being held back than was

the case a year ago, for good gilts, as

well as old brood sows, are valuable

property these times. It is reported that

pigs are being born at the rate of half a.

million a week, and the gilts are claimed

to be producing on an average seven pigs

to the litter. The general condition is

the reverse of that of a year ago, when

farmers were selling their brood sows.



Silage-fed cattle are making good re-

turns to their owners these times. Re-

cently a consignment from Monon, Ind.,

of fat heifers, cows and steers mixed sold

extremely well on the Chicago market.

All of the cattle had been fed corn silage

since the first of last November, this

being'an experiment that worked well.

The other feeds used were broken corn

and wheat straw. The owners said they

were enabled to cut the regular corn ra-

tion without silage down fully 50 per

cent, and yet the cattle made the best

gains they ever saw, notwithstanding one

of .the worst winters in their long ex-

perience.



An experienced Nebraska sheepman of

the old school, who was brought up in

Scotland, Where he associated with some

of the most renowned sheepmen, is of

the opinion that the sheep and lamb feed-

ing business is fast getting into the hands

of men who handle small flocks and who

raise most of their feed. He thinks the

be; feeder is under‘too heavy an expense

and taking too much risk to continue op-

erations on an extensive scale many more

years.



Reports from Kentucky state that

sheepmen have lost fully 30 per cent of

the spring lambs that have been dropped,

while about 15‘per cent of the ewes have

died. Buyers have been paying $7 for

June delivery of spring lambs and $6.50

for July delivery, while a good many

sheepmen decline to put prices on their

lambs at the present time. Better re»

ports come from Tennessee, lamb losses

being only about 10 per cent, with very

little loss in ewes.



' P. Rusk. of the Indiana Experiment

Station, marketed at Chicago recently 14

head of cattle at $8 per 100 lbs., and dur-

ing the 120 days they were fed no3 other "

roughage t'han silage was used. The test

showed that silage is a very economical

feed. They made a daily gain of 2.54 lbs.

and feed used per lb. of grain and shelled

corn was 6.9 lbs., cottonseed meal 1.06

lbs., corn silage 12.67 lbs.



Reports from Grant county, Wis, say

that both cattle and hogs are extremely

scarce and where in former years it was

comparatively easy to pick up a load of

hogs in the course of a day. three to four

days are required to gather up enough

to fill a car. Corn last year was a good

crop, many farmers securing from 50

to 60 bushels per acre, while oats yielded

from 35 to 45 bushels. but the average

quality of the corn was not good. Lots





 





«of snow lay on the ground during the





pastt wisié(t)er, antd fori) stome time hay cost

up 0 per on. u good ha

bought new for $12@14 a ton. y can be





 





 





 





 





., man-"Iv .





$2941.; .
.I.‘





., .er.§s-1§s—Lf w





 





.-— he”. ,,

5.3». .- M 137‘;





 





 





item; 9, isle.

rims I. THE the? canton.





:In: the first edition the Detroit Live.

Stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live- Stock markets-

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi~

tion Friday morning. The first edition ls

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday 5

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





_.—__—-————

DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





 





Thurcda I Mamet.

y' April 7, 1910.

Cattle.





Receipts, 996. Market active and 50@

75c higher on bulls; all other grades 250

higher.



We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $7.50; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $6.75@7.25; steers and heifers, 800

to 1,000, $5.75@6.50; steers and heifers

that are fat, 500 to 700, $5.25@5.50; choice

fat cows, $5; fat cows, $4.50@4.7.l,

common cows, $3.25@3.50; canners, $3,

choice heavy bulls, $5.25@5.50; fair to

good bolognas, bulls, $4.50@5; stock bulls,

$4; mllkers, large, young, medium age,

$40@55; commou milkers, $2,5@35.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 1

Cannot weighing 800 at $2.50, 2 steers av

1,165 at $5.50, 5 do av 902 at $6.50, 2 do

av 61'.‘ at $5; to Mich. B. Co. 19 butchers

av 700 at $5.80, 2 do av 1,035 at $5.50, 1

do weighing 550 at $4; to Newton B. Co

19 steers av 1,037 at $6.90, 1 cow weigh-

ing 1.170 at $4.75, 1 do weighing 820 at

$3; to Bresnahan 2 heifers av 410 at

$4.50; to Breiteuback Bros. 28 steers av

740 at $6; to Rattkowsky 2 cows av 90:)

at $3.75, 2 bull and cow av 920 at $5; to

Mich. B. Co. 2 butchers av 800 at $4.50,

21 steers av 990 at $6.75, 23 do av 930

at $6.40. _ &



Bishop, B. 8: H. sold Hammond, S.

Co. 2 cows av 1,070 at $4, 2 do av 1,200Fat

$4.75.2 do av 960 at $3.75, 10 steers av l28

at $5.25, 15 do av 810 at $6.25, 3 do 21V

983 at $6.65, 2 do av 905 at $6.50, _1 bull

weighing 1,300 at $4.75. 1 do weighing

1,000 at $4.25; to Mich. B, Co. 9 butchers

av 644 at $4.75," 23 steersav 881 at $6; to

Graves 2 do av 1,015 at $6.25, 2 cows av

1,085 at $4.15; to Sullivan P. Co. 16 steers

av 781 at $6.15; to Kamman B. Co. 4 do

av 692 at'$5.25; to Sullivan P, Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,100 at $5, 5 steers av 1,243 at

$7, 26 do av 1,053 at $6.75. 2 do av 1,070

at $5, 1 do weighing 1.150 at $7.25, 3 do

av 977 at $6.75, 4 do av 950 at $6.75, 1

cow weighing 1.130 at $3.50, 2_ do av 1,185

at $3.50, 9 heifers av 733 at $5.25, 7 steers

av 910 at $6.50, 2 do av 750 at $5.50; to

Thompson 2 cows av 950 at $4.50, 4 do av

787 at $33; to Kamman B. Co. 3 steers av

970 at $6; to Sullivan P. Co. 12 do av 975

at $6.75, 8 do av 790 at $5.75, 1 bull weigh-

ing 1,660 at $5.25, 2 do av 890 at $4.50, 6

steers av 1.123 at $7.25, 6 do av 621 at

$4.75, 8 do av 1,165 at $7.50; to Graves 18

do av 1,090 at $7, 2 do av 825 at $6: to

Hammond, S. 87. Co. 3 do av 1,143 at $7.50.



Spicer 8: R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows

av '745 at $2.75, 7 do av 936 at $4.50, 2 do

av 890 at $3.50, 1 bull weighing 1,200 at





’ $4.50, 1 do weighing 600 at $4, 5 steers av





4 a 6.50, 4 do av 962 at $5, 13 heifers

at; 546 it $5.15, 13 steers av 1,060 at $6.75,

4 do av 800 at $5.40; to Gerish 14 do av

928 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 33 butchers

av 771 at $5.75, 9 cows av 824 at $4.50,

do av 1,000 at $4.50, 5 bulls av 1,100 at

$4.50, 3 cows av 1,016 at $4.25; to Sullivan

P. Co. 20 steers av 1,005 at $6.75, 5 cows

av 974 at $3.50, 1 do weighing 1,110 at

$2.50; to Lacalt 7 steers av 930 at $5.75,

1 cow weighing 1,000 at $4.75; to Bresna—

han 2 bulls av 1.725 at $5, 4 steers av 887

at $6, 18 do av 1,060 at $7.25; to Newton

B. Co. 2 do av 1,130 at $6, 4 butchers av

750 at 4.50.



Haley$& M. sold Schlischer 9 butchers

av 622 at $5.15; to Sullivan P. Co, 2 cows

av 990 at $4.40, 1 do weighing 850 at

$2.85, ‘2 steers av 660 at $4.50, 10 do av

1,045 at $6.55, 6 butchers av 1,021 at $5.50;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 5 cows av 986 a

$3.65, 4 bulls av 1,172 at $4, 2 steers av

790 at $5.75, 14 do av 832 at $6.25; to

Thompso'n 1 cow weighing 1,210 at $5.50;

to Kamman 1 do weighing 1,130 at $5, 1

do weighing 1,200 at $4, 2 oxen av 1,650

at $5.40.



Johnson sold Breitenback Bros. 9 cows

av 955 at $4.25.



Sharp & W. sold Graves 19 steers av

960 at $6.60, 2 do av 785 at $6, 1 cow

weighing 1,070 at $4.50.



Same sold Bresnahan 7 steers av 743





5.25.

atKfzndall sold same 13 do av 1,000 at





“(£20113 sold Schuman 2 butchers av 1,210

at $4.75, 4 do av 725 at $5.75.



Sharp & W, sold Goose 1 bull weighing

1,000 at $4.50.



LOWensteln sold Mich. B. Co. 6 cows

and heifers av 1,050 at $5.



Robb sold same 2 cows av 1,090 at $4.50,

1 do weighing 670 at $4.



Besancon sold Kamman 11 steers av





836 at $5.75.

Johnson sold Gerlsh 2 steers av 1,110

at 86.40.





Same sold Sullivan P. Co. 3 butchers av

733 at $5.50.



Fenton sold Newton B. Co. 9 steers av

913 at $6.50, 5 butchers av 668 at $4.25.



Veal Calves.



Receipts, 1,189. Market opened 25@50c

lower, closing 75c lower than last week

Best, $8.25@8.50; others, $4@7.50; mllch

cows and springers steady. Closed $7.50

for the very best, which is 75c lower than

the opening and $1.25 lower than last

week.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

2 av 130 at $6.50, 7 av 135 at $8.25, 4 av

105 at $6.50, 14 av 140 at $8.25; to Mlch.

B, Co. 36 av 130 at $8.25, 14 av 135 at

$8.25, 2 av 120 at $8.25; to Nagle P. Co.

20 lav,118 at $7.10. 3 av 100 at $5, 16 av

135 at $8, 41 av 130 at $8. 3 av 120 at

$7.75, 2 av 160 at $8.25: to Parker, W. &

Co. 32 av 135 at $8.25; to Markowltz 6 av

130 at $8; to Burnstine 4 av 140 at $8.50.

3 av 145 at $8.50; to McGuire 73 av 130

at $8.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 av 145





120 at $7.50.





6 at $10.55} 16 av 210 at $10.60.





« THE"M10H1GAN FARMER.‘





at $8.25; to Rattkowsky 13 av 135 at $8:

to Newton B. Co. 24 av 130 at $8.25; to

Applebaum 5 av 125 at $6.



Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 7

av 150 at $8, 17 av 140 at $8: to Newton

B. Co. 4 av 140 at $7.75; to Nagle P. Co.

8 av 130 at $8; to Rattkowsky 6 av 125

at $7.90; to Pragg 5 av 135 at $7.75; to

Burnstine 15 'av 130 at $8; to RattkoWsky

12 g; 135 at $7.75; to Costello 6 av 118

at .



Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

4 av 225 at $5, 15 av 135 at $7.50; to

Thompson 6 av 125 at $8, 3 av 115 at $7.50,

18 av 130 at $8.25. '



Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. CO. 31 av

135 at $8.40; to Barlage 20 av 110 at $6.85;

to Nagle P. Co, 25 av 120 at $7.50, 46 av

130 at $7.75, 20 av 140 at $8.



Wagner & A. sold ~Bresnahan 19 av





Jgshnson sold Rattkowsky 12 av 130



at .



Duelle sold Burnstine 27 av 135 at $8.

Lovewell sold same 10 av 136 at $8:

Boyle sold Sullivan P. Co. 7 av 135



at $7.25.



Walker sold same 10 av 126 at $7.

Cheney & H. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

30 av 128 at $7.50.





Sheep and Lambs.





Receipts. 2,092. Wools steady; clips

dull and 10@15c lower; quotations are to;





clipped stock.



Best lambs, $8.45@8.50; fair to good

lambs, $750628; light to common lambs,

$4.50@5.50; wool lambs, $9.70@9.80; fair

to good sheep, $5.50@6; culls and, com-

mon, $4@5.50.



Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 6 clip

sheep av 60 at $6, 1 do weighing 150 at

$4, 11 clip lambs av 75 at $8, 14 sheep av

90 at $5.75, 17 do av 70 at $6.75; to Sulli-

van P. Co. 7 lambs av 77 at $9.50; to

Newton B. Co. 7 sheep av 80 at $5.50, 43

lambs av 77 at $8.60; to Mich. B. Co. 2

Shea) av 160 at $6.50, 1 do weighing 120

at .



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 210 lambs av 90 at $9.60, 51 clip lambs

av 58 at $7.50; to Nagle P. Co. 210 do av

91 at $9.60, 68 do av 70 at $8.25, 15 do av

90 at $8.50, 2 sheep av 100 at $5; to Mica.

B, Co. 10 lambs av 100 at $7.50, 30 do av

65 at $8.50, 10 sheep av 120 at $7, 28

lambs av 58 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. 11

sheep av 90 at $6.75; to Mich. B. CO. 7

do av 100 at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 256

wool lambs av 70 at $9.80; to Fitzpatrick

Bros. 39 do av 75 at $8.30.



Haley & M, sold Mich. B. CO. 3 lambs

av 55 at $8.50, 7 sheep av 120 at $6.50: to

Thompson 1 buck weighing 190 at $4.50. 8

lambs av 80 at $8.25, 8 do av 80 at $8.25.



XVaterman sold Nagle P. Co. 339 clip

lambs av 70 at $8.45.



Hertler sold same 210 do av 80 at $8.40.





Hogs.





Receipts, 4,282. Market 250 lower than





~=.- ff‘





—: fi;££*£_lujt 0!!!

7A Farmer Can

. Get, It Free





 

 





I.





 





I iresb‘tcd‘in farmingfiget our FREE

book called “ BETTER FARMING",

It tells all about— u





 





I



-' Alfalfa _ 'Making Hay , I



Dairying , Fighting Fm" I



Seed Wheat, Silos I



Corn Crops Cultivation I



Stock Feeding ' Cotton Crops‘ I



Art of Plowing Soil Fertility I

Boll Weevil Gasolene Engina



' Controlling Weeds Adjusting Plow: I





’I Hired Help i?

'Costs Big Money U





Your land is high priced and hired help expensive. I

There is only one way to make big money—use im-

plements that cutdown the cost of your crops. Isn't I

it true that when you break something on a plow it i



I

I

I

I

l

l





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





is nearly always a cast part? Whereverstrain comes

on a John Deere Plow there you will find steel-tool

steel. Take any plow that In: had hard work for

five years. put it along side of a John Deere which ,

Ins been in service that long—and aceticdifi'emoo.

Then there is no paint to cover up poor material.

You can see the wear and the defects. The John





 

 

 





Deere will be solid. mundl and ready for the hard-





 

 

 





You can take pride in owning a John Deere-





 

 





cot job. Then you begin an know that quality counts.

the standard plow of the world for





 





 





last Thursday.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $10.5’0@10.60; pigs, $10.25@10.30; light

yorkers, $10.40@10.50; Stags, 1/3 off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

234 av 200 at $10.60, 1,057 av 180 at $10.50,

138 av 150 at $10.40, 38 av 140 at $10.35.



Splcer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

185 av 200 at $10.60, 65 av 190 at $10.55,

235 av 175 at $10.50.



Haley & M. sold same 150 av 165 at

$10.45, 65 av 150 at $10.35, 40 av 180 at

$10.55, 55 av 190 at $10.60.



Roe Com, Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 344

av 200 at $10.60, 287 av 180 at $10.50.



Bishop B. & H. sold some 119 av 185





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





The extraordinarily high prices paid at

the present time for finished beef cattle

are tempting farmers to offer fancy prices

for well-bred feeders, and recent sales

have been made in the Chicago stock

yards as high as $6@6.65 per 100 lbs. The

great demand all along has been running

on the choicer class of feeders carrying

a good deal of weight, intending purchas—

ers calculating on not feeding them more

than one hundred days and getting them

returned to market as prime beeves and

obtaining fancy prices. It has happened

that these cattle have been especially

popular with killers, as they came in

handy for making cheap beef, and it has

happened frequently that stockmen

switched over to moderate-weight stock-

ers, the marked increase in this demand

causing them, too, to sell unusually high.





South Dakota is doing quite a large

amount of breeding of draft horses, and

farmers have found the industry sufil-

ciently profitable to encourage larger

breeding operations. Large numbers of

draft chunks find a market in Chicago,

where they usually bring satisfactory

prlces, and increasing numbers are ship-

ped to the western and Pacific coast

states, as well as to the Canadian north-

western provinces. Of late, numerous

far western dealers have been canvassing

South‘Dakota in search of horses for dis-

tributlon among farmers.





.Professor R. C. Obrecht, of the Univer-



Slty of Illinois. has been canvassing the

country districts of Illinois for horses for

the university, and he says he never saw

so few sound, high-class horses in the

breeding regions or so many mediocre

anlmals. He attributes the scarcity of

good horses to the thoroughness with

which the country has been scoured by

professional buyers to supply wholesale

markets. Professor Obrecht has issued

a bulletin showing the experiment work

of the university in fattening horses for

the market.





A stock feeder recently shipped out a

drove of 1,097-lb. feeder steers from the

Chicago stock yards that cost him $6.50

per 100 lbs., his plan being to give them a

short feed. They were not as good as the

feeder steers which cost $6.60 in the same

market in the previous week for ship~

ment to Pennsylvania. Eastern sections

have been much the largest buyers of

high-grade feeders, although Illinoisv

stockmen have been liberal buyers of good

grade 800 to 900-lb. steers, paying as high'

ashfl$6 1perd 100 lbs. for the heavier lots.

w e ee ers averaging less the

lbs sold as high as $6.40. n 1’00"





 





 





LI We will'send you them min- I—

trated book free if you write and ask for .

Package No. 5 ’





Mention-the package number sure. then I.

you will get exactly the right stud:





DEERE & COMPANY MOLlNE Ill.

6 2 HP. COMPLETE





   

   

 





I‘

I





 





 





fl .1‘





 

 





 





340 now buys a complete 2 HORSE POWER

ENGINE with full equipment. This engine is a



“ ’ -| w ‘ Even :‘ builders marvel

at the fact ihatl t can be sold also low a price. The

demand is crowding the ch‘llpcclty of our factory.



How can we do it 7 e operate an Immense

factory, bulldlnglnrgo quantities, and undersell any

other concern in existence. Our big catalog is an eye

opener. showing high grade engines at startling

prices—Stationary. Portable. Mnrlne—Ilt-cooled,

water-cooled, and frost-proof. 2 to 12 Horse Power.

Let u quooa you prices.





Mouton Shelllm Work, III) SpringSl. Minion, Will.





Ideal Seed Potato Butler.





Does the Work of

Four Men





 





 





 





 





 





 





Cute Potatoes Into 2,

4 or 8 pieces.





Fully Warranted.





Price $3.50 each.





 





 





Express prepaid.





'l‘. L. PHILLIPPS 0 00., Aurora, 111.





SEED CORN





WIN o’s IMPROVED WHITE CAP. 45 acres in

mwgglhoed 4505 buy 100mm tum produoedmml.

- “’8 awn. Wnnltwvedaryur



. e c 090

111661me White Cafirnd ha Iondidtrollable val-let ?

6 also grow an .8 YEL ow n unmanned:

and other choice varieties. Write tor Catalog No. 4:





am 417’

“MINE PflTATollS”





"3mm ground planted secured

b use of the KEYSTONE

OTATO PLANTER than by

- my other method of planting.

' Work perfectly accurate. A

simple, strong, durable ma-

chine. Write for catalog.

price and full description.





A. J. PLATT, Mlgyr.

STERLING. ILL.





FARMS Mill FIRM LANDS





 

 

 





 





 





FOR SALE UH EXGHANGE





‘ GRAIN AND STOCK FA M FOR

FRUIT SALE in Oceans (Jouutyl.I Write

C. W. MORGAN, Shelby, for lists.





BEAT opportunities In Washington and Oregon

Farm Lands. Write today 101' free lists. hob-

Insou Land 00.. B—1261 Emplre Bldg" Seattle. Ween.





West Mlch.-.5“:“al.5263255,;

Van Ness Bros. a 00., Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mlch.

FOR SALE—Select corn and other lands In South





eru Michigan. Write now for list

he Ypsilanti Agency 00., Inc.,YpsIluntI. Mlch.





 





 





Michigan,





 





 





 





 





or Sale or Exchange for larger farm, 27-min Im-

proved fcrm adjoining Mlddlevnle. Barry Co,

Addrou SHERIAN HAAS, 630 Pine St, Kahuna», Michigan.





 





FORSALE—Cholce unimproved lands In Ogemuw

00., Mlch., for wideawake famllles who wish to

help build up a good neighborhood. Price .10 per

acre. HARRY 0. SHhLDON, Alger, Michigan.





—100 Cheap Good Im roved

For sale hrms—NIOe buildings, aaogwa to

fruit. stock and gram. For descriptions. prloesudar.

W. E. Bowen do Son. Mlddlevllle. Barry 00., Mich.





438% acres cln. loam

Farm For Sale .0... 0... mile my... a. a.

Station, big barn, good house. good well, big sheep

shed 2 corn cribs. hen home, plenty of tlmbcr, place

has not been let or run. Will be sold at a bargain.

ROBERT SHIELDS, Jr., Holly. 0ak,Co., Mlch.





READ II": If you wish to buy Farm



Property, it will pay you

to write me for my 1910 land catalog. sent free

to any address. C. A. HAMEB, Marlon, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





- ' —Frult, Grain and Stock Farm: in

MIGhlga“ Farms Barry, Eaton an 1 Kent Co's. Big

bargains; low taxes. good schools, churches and

roads, splendil water and climate. Write for list





 





N0. 8. BUCKLEH & MATTHEWS, Hastings, Mlch.





FOR SALE GHEAP—THE FINEST of unimproved



farm land: in Gludwin and

1 Clara CULuLI :1 25,00 acres, 40 acre tracts or more. Suitable

. for growing all the farm crops or fruit. Fine stock lands, well

I grassed over, pure living water. Payments only, 6pc: cant

I interest lcccunt. Writnul for maps Ind folders.





I A. J. Stevens 8- 00., Gladwin, Mich.

Farm For Sale, Best Bargain in Mich.





278 acres In Mecosta 00., right at station on G. R.

u. R. B, About 220 acres free from slumps.20

acres timber, good bulldluga.good coll, raise any.

filing theatlcau be grgewnhlndMIch. 01', Is I good stock



rm. ‘ me can u on art of urc

price. Write for full descrl Lion. p p hue



J. A. COLLINS. award City. finch.





F06 SALE—High Grade Farm lands





In Osceola county near ’l‘ustln, Michigan. These are

cut over hardwood lands, without pine stumps. The

501! Is gravelly or rich clay. Well settled country

with schools and good roads. Write for litera-

ture. H. W. MARSH, Maulstee, Mlch.





Rich Saginaw Valley Farms

THE VALLE ofFERTlLl’l‘Y and PLENTY

In the heart of Mlcnlgan. Great place (olive and

prosper. 40 acres or more Improved. low as '60

per acre. Unlmproved 2510. Write today.



. UNITED REALTY C0.. Lock Box 848. Stallion. Mlch.





when you can buy



the Best Land In



Mlchlgnn at from



1 $6 to $10 an acre



nearSagInaw and Bay City. Write for ma and par-

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. smll’ua Bros.





(owners) [5 Merlin bldg.. Sagluaw, W. 8.. Mlch.





BUTTER FAT 41 GENTS AT KERMAN.





Fresno County, California. and a new $25,000 cream-

ery demanding greater production. A Kermnn

alfalfa dairy ranch better than bank stock. Aver-

age profit 6100 per your per cow keeping ucow to

every acre. We need dairy farmers. High prices

paid for products: low cost help and food. Ker-man

alfalfa lands on‘er enormous sure profits. Ask us

for Information.



CARNINE & STORGAABD, Box E, Kerman. Calif.





172 Acres at $12.50



Now produclng crops at the followluglme per

acre; potatoes, 200 bushels; onto. 40 bushels; buy.

1}; tons; 25 cow spring watered pasture. flue lot

wood; 40 fruit trees; only 1y, miles by good road

to market and depot; cellar born 30 x 40. another

28 x 38; com shed 24 x 70, excellent 2~story tea-

room house; all buildings In good repair; for

Immediate sale aged owner sacrifices; $2100 part

cash. is the low price for this New York State

money-maker. For traveling Instructions see page

18 “Strout’s Farm Catalog No. 30", profusely

Illustrated and describing the cholccst bargains

throughout sixteen states. Stock and tools Included

wlth many to settle estates quickly. Write today





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





for copy of this big 96 page book of reliable Infor-

mtlou about Eastern soils, crops. markets. etc..

etc. We pay buyers’ cnrfare. Station 101.



E. A. Six-out 00.. Union Bank Bldg, Pittsburgh, Pa,





Fertile Farms in Tennessee

——$5 to $10 per acr





Fortunes are being made on fertile Tennes-

see farms. They raise big crops of Canta-

loupes. Cabbage. Tomatoes String Beans.

Green Corn etc. also Horses, Cattle. Shoe , Swine.

Poultry and Eggs. Write me at once is):

Literature. I‘ll tell you how to get one of these

splendid forms for $5 to $10 per acre. Act. quicklyl

I. l‘, 8mm, Tut. Mpg no.5: 9.1.3,.»qu .Nuhvlllc,T-,





 





 





 





 





 





WING SEED 00.. Box 44% Mochsnlcaburg, Ohio





 





Would You Pay $2





For a Herman Boker RazOr that was

worth double that? One you knew abso-

lutely would shave you smooth as a baby

Wlthout your feeling it. We have just

100 of that kind. They are for our sub-

scribers that want the best, the very best

bestest. Fully guaranteed to be all we

say. It is a good price. but it Is worth it.

Sent by registered mail prepaid. Address

MICHIGAN FARMER, Detrolt, Mlch.
418





(26)





 





o





EHOMEAND YOUTH?





LAA AAAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAA'AA'





LONELINESS.





BY LALIA MITCHELL.





Is it lonely in the country,

When the wild winds blow?

Is it lonely in the country,

When the roads are deep with snow,

When the breezes o’er the meadow,

Whisper dirges for the year,

Or in sudden sweep of frenzy

Bend the branches brown and sere?

When the sleet against the window

Dashes like the ocean spray,

And the very brooklet, prisoned,

Sleeps to wait a fairer day,

Is it lonely in the country?

Tell me this before we part,

And your question shall be answered,

Is it lonely in your heart?





 





 





 





Is it lonely in the city,

When the night isdarkening down;

\Vhen the sombre buildings mock you

With their brick and granite frown;

V’Vhen a thousand passing footsteps

Beat a tattoo without end,

And you know that as you listen

Never one is of a friend?

When the cold of winter mocks you,

And the storm of winter chills,

And the soulless white of marble.

Shuts from view the distant hills,

Is it lonely in the city?

Say but this and test my art,

For I’ll tell you, answer truly,

Is it lonely in your heart?





Little matters snow or tempest,



Little matters cold or storm,

\Vhere the walls of home encircle,



Where the hearth is bright and warm.

Little matter silent vistas,



Or a street where traffic roars,

Mountain silences or thunder



Of the surf on trembling shores.

Are there those you love to bless you?



Are there friends with voices kind,

Are there kindred ever waiting



In your presence joy to find?

Winter is not dark or dreary,»



W'inter plays no tyrant‘s part,

Country, city are not lonely



If there’s summer in your heart.





 





A GENTLEMAN IN HOMESPUN.





BY EDGAR, WHITE.

“For the soul that gives is the soul that

lives,

And bearing another’s load,

Doth lighten your own and shorten the





way,

And brighten the homeward road.”

—-V‘Vashington Gladden.





Some writer has tersely defined a gen-

tleman as one who cares for others be-

sides himself. Accepting the definition

as correct, you would travel a long way

before you found a better representative

of that honored class than a certain

snowy-haired farmer up on Brush Creek,

in western Macon county, Missouri.

“Uncle”—even those who outrank him in

years bestow the prefix—Peter V. B.

Cox wouldn’t strike you as much out of

the common run until you heard him

laugh. That laugh, if there were nothing

else about him, would make him a noted

character. In describing him a native

of Brush Creek always begins, “You just

ought to hear him laugh!”



They tell it, and with serious faces,

that a constable was sent out from town

on Sunday morning to arrest some par-

ties for disturbing religious worship. He

returned without any prisoner, but whis-

pered to a deacon that some fellow had

been telling Uncle Peter a new joke. And

his little home is a good two miles from

town! But they say it happened the wind

was exactly in the right direction.



Mr. Cox was born in Virginia 70 years

ago, but has been a Missourian the past

forty years. He owns a fine farm up on

Brush Creek, and has a splendid family.

The only time he ever got mad at one of

his children was when the lad told his

father he was going to get married. The

old gentleman said it was all foolishness,

that he had a good home and might as

well stay there and be happy. But the

boy was obdurate, and his father never

quite forgave him for his “disobedience."

You ask the people of Brush Creek what

there is about “Uncle” Peter that makes

them take to him so and they will in-

stantly reply: “Oh, because he’s so good

to everybody!”



Christmas with “Uncle Peter" 15 sacred

to the cause of generosity and hospitality.

For a week ahead, invitations are sent

to his friends throughout the township.

It is the event of the year to the farming

people of Brush Creek and their little

ones. Parents may forget their children

at that time, but “Uncle Peter" doesn’t.

The biggest evergreen obtainable in the

forest is erected in the large parlor or

reception hall in the farm home. Every-

body invited is remembered on that tree

by some handsome token. “Uncle Peter”

acts as Santa. Claus and has a regular

program to amuse his guests. If snow is

on the ground the character of the friend





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





of children is made more realistic by

driving to the house in a. sleigh to the

jingle of bells, and Santa. Claus climbs

through the window with a. pack on his

back.



After the Christmas tree exercises, supw

per is served, and this is followed with

“music by the orchestra.” The enter-

tainment is given every night during the

holidays so that all the philanthropist’s

friends—children and big people—can see

the show. The house, large as it is, won’t

accommodate but a small percentage of

the neighbors at one time.



In his costume of “Santa Claus,” Mr.

Cox gathers up his bow and violin and

begins work. As a fiddler of the old

school he takes a back seat for no man

on earth. His “music box." as he calls

it, is as much a part of him as his gen-

erous heart and rugged honesty. In the

“auditorium” is a telephone, and the

musician stands near it so those sick and

unable to be present may enjoy that part

of the program.



“Uncle Peter” has a regular “fiddling

season.” It begins with the first frost

in autumn and runs till Easter. It

never touches the instrument from Easter

to frost time. The philosophy of it he

won’t discuss. And he will not, undex

any circumstances, play on Sunday.



After the festivities of the holidays, the

old musician plays nightly to his friends





 





 





“Uncle Peter.”





Eccentric





over the telephone. Any resident of the

district served by the Mt. Zion telephone

line can Step to the receiver between cer-

tain hours every night during “Uncle

Peter’s fiddling season” and listen to the

excellent concert by father and sons, for

the latter are treading in their sire’s

musical footsteps. That may explain why

the Mt. Zion line has more patrons, ac-

cording to the extent of the territory,

than any other country system in the

county. Everybody has a ’phone, and the

East Linn county farmers are trying to

get the line extended into their section.





Mr. Cox made his comfortable fortune

by farming in the primitive style. He is

unalterably opposed to innovations. He

will not tolerate a steam thresher on his

domains. The haystacker he regards as

a nuisance, and all his hay is handled

with pitchforks. No political party or

creed of any kind ever won his support.

He believes in the broad doctrine of “Do

unto others as ye would that they do

unto you,” and his life is purer than the

rules of any sect could make it. Dances

and card games of all sorts are an abom-

ination to him.



“there on earth can you find a game

as interesting as conversation between

intelligent people?” he asks. “If a man

can’t say anything worth listening to, or

do anything to keep his brain from rot-

ting, there may be some excuse for him

to hop around over the dancing floor, or

fool with colored cards. But for a gen-

tlcman——bah!”



“Uncle Peter” will not permit his chil-

dren to attend parties where dancing.

“kissing games.” flinch or any other sort

of cards are the order. The gathering

must be devoted strictly to edifying con-

versation, recitations, or music, if his

boys and girls are to be there. He’s ar-

bitrary on this point.



Mr. Cox is guardian for Mrs. Sarah

Fenson, an old lady of 83, who lives back

in the woods a ways, with a great lot of

dogs, cats, rabbits and birds as her fam-





ily. Mrs. Fenson has not encouraged as-

sociations of the human kind since she

was robbed of some money a. few years

ago by a man on a pretended friendly er-

rand. Her husband died in 1888, and,

having no children, she was alone in the

house. From the date of robbery Mrs.

Fenson has run up the black flag against

the whole human race, except “Uncle

Peter,” her guardian. She knows he’s

honest, and thinks he’s about the only

man that is. She had to have something

to talk to, so she has gathered around

her an immense colony of domestic ani-

mals—great hunting hounds, black and

gray cats, rabbits, squirrels and hundreds

of birds. These live around in boxes and

cages, both in the house and outside.

Every animal has a name, and each day

receives attention from its mistress. The

dogs are fierce, and census enumerators

and others who have occasional business

with the woman hermit have a hard time

getting by the four-footed guardsmen

alive.



A gentleman who was compelled to

visit the old lady on business recently,

from the vantage of a tree-top, had to

lift his right hand and declare on his hope

of eternal salvation that he was no rob~

her, before she would call off the dogs.

Then he was permitted to climb back to

earth and enter the house in peace. A

chair was placed for each dog, cat and

squirrel, and a crow perched on the back

of one. After all the "family” were com-

fortably seated, the stranger was per-

mitted to tell why he came. Every ani~

mal glared suspiciously at the visitor, and

during the interview he felt like a man

under fire. He says if business ever calls

him that way again he’s going in an an

mored vehicle.





 





ALBERT’S X-RAY DREAM.





 





BY SOPHIE H. MC KENZIE.





It was Albert‘s first week in school, and

he didn’t like it. He thought he knew

now how people felt who were shut up in

prisons. Every session since the first one

he had begged his mother to let him stay

at home. But she said, “No, you are six

years old, a big, strong boy, and you must

go to school every day unless you are

sick."



The next morning after his mother had

mentioned that sick excuse, Albert com-

plained of a bad headache, and that he

didn’t feel able to study. “Very well.”

said his mother, “I will give you some oil,

and you must lie down on the couch.”



Oil—how he hated it—but he hated

school worse; and lying, on the couch

wasn’t any fun, but it wasn’t as bad as

sitting still on a hard seat copying “i's”

and “a’s.” ‘



So he swallowed the oil even cheerfully,

and let his mother tuck him up on the

couch. But soon after the eleck struck

nine the headache suddenly disappeared

and Albert began to romp with his pet

dog. When mother found that her young

son could play so lively she started him

for school at once, though he argued that

he felt the headache coming on worse





than ever, and even offered to take more





oil. But mother was firm this time, and

to school he had to go.



On Monday afternoon of the second

week Albert walked home with his play-

mate, George Ames, The two boys agreed

that it was cruel to have to stay indoors

those beautiful days. W’hat could they

do to escape? Finally George announced

a bold plan—~to run away the next morn-

ing and spend the whole forenoon down

by the brook.



This seemed a fine idea to Albert until

he thought of what might happen if his

mother found it out. But George as-

sured him she would never know.



“What will the teacher do?” was the

next question.



“Do nothing,” replied George,

won’t know, either.”



“But, s’posin’ she asks?”



“She won’t; and if she does, we don’t

haVe to tell,” was the comforting answer.





“she





Both boys were too young and new to

School ways to know that they would

have to bring a written excuse from home

to explain their absence. So they parted

with the understanding that they would

meet on a certain corner and be out of

the village before. the other boys started

for school and saw them.



Albert’s father was a physician. That

night at supper he was telling his wife

about using the X-ray to find a bullet in

a man’s arm. Albert was much inter—

ested and wanted to know what an X-ray

was. The doctor believed in answering

his son’s sensible questions, so he ex:

plained to him, as simply as he could, the

use of the X-ray; that it was a. machine





'ONMMOM; erbury, Conn; Wlnni





 





APRIL 9, 1910; '





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APRIL 9, 1910..





with a very .powerful light. by means of

which you ”could seeinto the flesh.



Albert wished his father owned an X-ray

so he could see how it worked. He asked

a great many questions about it, and

thought about it after he was in bed.

Then, just before he fell asleep, he re-

membered the plan to run away from

school. ' _



Peacefully he slept until toward morn-

ing, when he had a strange dream. First

he dreamed that he had a terrible pain in

his stomach and that his father turned on

the X-ray and saw inside two mince turn-

overs (which he had eaten secretly) hav-

ing an awful fight. Then he dreamed

that he was running away from school

with George Ames, and they had such a

good time playing in the sunshine by the

brook. Suddenly the scene changed. They

were back in school again. The teacher

was saying, “Albert, come to my desk!"



Albert came very slowly, trembling.



“W'hy were you absent this morning?”

asked theteacher.



Albert hung his head and did not an—

swer.



“Very well,’ said the teacher, “if you

will not tell me I must put the X-ray on

your mind and see for myself.”



With that she took from her desk 3.

machine, out of which came a most pe-

culiar light, and placed it on Albert’s

head. It burned like fire, but he couldn’t

get away from it.



“0, I see,” exclaimed the teacher; “the

X-ray shows me that Albert ran away

from school this morning and played by

the brook. That is why he wasn’t here.

He must stay after school a half-hour

every night until he has made up the

time. Besides, I shall write his mother

a note and tell her about it. You may

take your seat now, Albert, and I will use

the X-ray on George.”



But as Albert went crest-fallen to his

seat he stubbed his toe and awoke with

a jump.



As he opened his eyes, mother was tell-

ing him to hurry and dress or he would

be late for school. But he wasn’t going

to school; and then that awful dream

came before him. Did teachers, be won-

dered, use X-rays on boys' minds the

same as doctors used them on people’s

bodies? He didn’t dare ask his mother

for fear she might question him as to

why he wanted to know. George Ames

couldn't tell him, for his father was a

florist and didn’t know about either bod-

ies or minds. He would ask Norah, the

new cook.



So be dressed quickly and, while his

mother was busy with the breakfast





.1





table, he rushed into the kitchen to

Norah.

“Norah,” he whispered, “do teachers





use X-rays, on boys’ minds?”



“An’ what be X—rays?” shouted Norah.



“Ssh, Ndrah, talk 10W; they’re what

doctors use to see the inside of your body.

Do you think teachers use them to see

inside your mind?”



“Sure, they do if they wants to,” re-

sponded Norah; “teachers can do any-

thing they likes! You better be after

bein’ a good b’y!”



Mother was calling him, so there was

no time to discuss the matter with Norah.

He ate so little breakfast that his mother

was afraid he was really sick, and she

said perhaps he had better stay at home.

To her great surprise, he said he couldn’t

stay, he must hurry away to school at

once.



Soon he was running down the street,

and as he rushed around the corner where

he was to meet George he nearly tumbled

over him.



“Hi, there!” cried George, as he saw

Albert heading for the schoolhouse,

“where are you going; have you for-

gotten?”



“I’m going to school,” screamed Albert,

“and you better go, too! The teacher has

an X—ray in her desk, and she can tell

what you’re thinking about.” And he

re-doubled his speed, while George called

after him, “Fraid cat! fraid cat!"



But Albert didn’t stop until he was

safely seated at his little desk, with his

feet squarely on the floor and his hands

folded.



All the day he was so quiet and obedient

{that his teacher said. as he passed out

that night, “I hope the same Albert who

has been in school today will be here

tomorrow, and every day.”



Albert glanced timidly at the‘desk

drawer from which, in his dream, had

come the terrible X-ray, and he replied,

“Ye‘s’m, thank you, I’ll be here every

day."





 





Happiness is based on reality. It must

be earned before we can. come into its

possession—David Starr’ Jordan.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER; ' (27)





THE DEAL IN CALVES.





 





BY HOWARD DWIGHT SMILEY.





I rode into the town o' Red Horse quite

innocent and unsuspecting. Not that I

had any reason for riding into Red Horse

——I hadn’t the slightest excuse nor busi-

ness for so doing; but. then, I am eter-

nally doing things that I aln”t no busi-

ness to.



“Hello, Billy!” somebody sings out as

I was dismounting in front-0' the hotel,

and looking over my shoulder I see Zeke

Johnson and Ike Walters tumbling off the

porch and toward me like I was a long

lost brother.



Now by them signs any sensible man

would ’a’ knowed that it was time to hot

foot it for open country again; but did it

strike your Uncle Billy that way! Oh,

no! I can be just as much 0’ a plumb

idiot as the next man when it’s most

necessary for him to use what little in-

tellect he’s got, and instead 0’ lighting

out for safety, like I'd oughter, I returned

the greeting with open arms.



"Come in to see the show?” inquired

Zeke, after the shake.



”What show?"



“Why, ain’t you heard? Abou Ben

Hatti, the great Hindu juggler, right

fresh from the desert fastnesses 0’ the

Orient, is going to give an exhibition 0'

dago legerdemain in the plaza this after-

noon. They do say that he’s a corker.f’



“That’s too bad,” says 1. “I'd sure like

to stay and see him, but I can’t. My boss

got a hurry-up order for a trainload 0'

veal, from Chicago, and as he was short

a couple 0’ carloads, he's sent me out

into the landscape with three hundred

dollars 0' real money in my jeans to buy

up what I can find and hustle ‘em back

to ship with the others. I couldn’t stay,

nohow.”



“Calves!” snorted Zeke disgustedly.

“Why, man, you ain‘t going to let a

little thing like that interfere with your

having a good time, are you? You won‘t

have no trouble getting calves; they’re

as plentiful as grasshoppers! All you've

got to do is to get out on any corner

and say ‘moo,’ like a bOSSy cow, and

they’ll come at you from all directions.

Why. sure you‘re going to stay, Billy."



”Yes, and look here, Billy,” put in Ike,

"when three old pardners like us ain‘t

got together for nigh onto two years, it

ain't no business for you to go cavorting

off before we’ve hardly had time to say

how-de-do. Stick around and let’s get

acquainted again.”



“Well, there ain’t no use trying to argue

with them two, so 0' course I stayed.



“What’re you two driving at now?” I

inquired.



“Raising goats,” answered Zeke very

important like. “That’s going to be the

next leading industry 0’ this here country

and we’re getting in on the ground floor.

We’ve got five hundred 0’ the prettiest

little Angoras you ever see, pastured out

on the Squaw creek flats."



“What’re they good for?” I asked.



“Good for! Why, man, they’re—”



“There’s that Hindu teller, now,” in-

terrupted Ike. ’ ,



I turned around and at once had reason

to feel surprised. A little brown, wizened

up critter was standing on the hotel

porch, looking straight at us, as if he’d

been listening to the conversation. He

was dressed in a cross between a mother-

hubbard and a nightgown and had a bed

sheet wound around his head for a hat.



“Why, hello, Hattie,” cried Zeke as

soon as he spied him. “\i'here've you

been all the time? I‘ve been wanting to

get acquainted ever since I heard about

you. Put her there.”



He walked over and grabbed hold, 0'

the feller‘s hand and began pumping it,

whereupon the Hindu jerked it indig-

nantly away and jabbered out something

in a foreign lingo.



“Why, what’s the matter?” inquired

Zeke in a surprised tone. “Vi"e just want

to be sociable. You ain‘t got no cause to

be offended, Mr. Hatti.”



“Get out,” growled the Hindu, handing

Zeke a look 0' scorn that would ’a’ curled

a Injun’s hair. “Go ’way you ’Merican

dog!"



“What!” roared Zeke, riling up. “You

talk like that to a free. born citizen ’0

these United States? VVc’ll see about

this,” and he made a grab for the little

feller. The Hindu was too quick for him,

however, and before Zeke realized what

was coming the dago hauled off and

pasted him a whack on the ear that

knocked Zeke's hat off.



Zeke straightened. up and glared in

amazement at the Hindu. He stands six

foot two in his socks, and never, since he





 





 

 





   





419





BUYS AND GIRLS!

A Shetland Pony, Sari,

Harness, Saddle, Bridle,





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 





 





 





 





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had come into the west. had he met: up

with the man who had the courage toI





 





 





P. 0 _____________________________________________________________________________________ STATE _______________________________
. own—4M-” m. aww





WP: own ma.





donut...“ .- ~u~—-m.¢





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‘ 420 (28)





hand him a wallop like that. He was

plumb at a. less for words for the time

being.



“Why, you blame little oriental son 0'

a hop toad, you!” he finally roared. “Who

do you think you’re slapping, anyway?”



He didn’t make any miss this time and





before the feller realized it Zeke had him‘





by the neck and across his knee, and

calling or. me and Ike to help hold him,

which we did, he proceeded to administer

a genuine old-fashioned spanking, which

lasted for five minutes and sounded like

someone shingling a house with a sledge

hammer.



“There, you blame little locust eater,

mebbe that’ll teach you not to insult

honest and well meaning American citi-

zens next time,” says Zeke as he let

him up.



Say, but that juggler was riled! He

went fiouncing into the hotel, mad as a

wet schoolmarm and chattering like a

sewing machine. That was the last we

saw 0' him until along about three o’clock,

when the performance took place.



This they pulled off over on the plaza.

They'd 1igged up a iope in a circle, about

a hund1ed foot in diameter, and the

spectators were lined up around this. On

the inside was Mr. Hatti and his assist-

ant, an American, who (lid the talking.

“Ladies and gents," says he, ”Abou Ben

Hatti, the greatest adept 0' the Orient

will now give you an exhibition 0' his

powers 0’ mystery. He will first' invoke

the aid 0’ the Hindu gods, after which the

show proper will begin.”



And then the juggler began to cut up

didos. I—Ie went crow hopping around the

inclosure, like a locoed steer. waving his

arms and rolling his eyes and “wa wa

wawing’ in his native lingo.



I noticed that he gave particular at-

tention to us three, prancing up and

down in from 0’ us and wriggling his

fingers and making faces at us like he

thought we cared.



Then he got down to the real show. and

I’ll have to admit that the little feller

handed out some interesting stunts in the

line 0’ sleight 0’ hand performance such

as none 0’ us had ever witnessed before.

He kept us busy guessing for a full hour,

after which the assistant passed the hat

around and it was all over.



A little later, while me and Zeke. and

Ike were lined up in front 0’ the ablution

counter at the hotel, I suddenly remem-

bered my job.



“IVell,” says I, “1 ‘low it’s time for me

to go moscying along and buy up them

calves. I‘ve wasted half a day already

and the old man don’t stand for no pro-

crastinating.”



Someone tapped me on the arm just

then and I tinned alound to find a little

bou- legged greaser standing beside me.



“You look f01 calves?’ he inquired.



“I sure am. Have you got any?”



“I got some ver’ nice ealve I sell cheap

for cash.”



“I‘m your ducky then; show

me."



“They pasture ’bout eight mile out.

We go look at ’em?”



“Sure. I’ll get my pony and we’ll start

right now.”



“Ain’t you going to ask us to go, too?”

inquired Zeke in an aggrieved tone as I

started for the door.



“\Vhy, sure,” i answered. “Come right

along; the more the merrier."



An hour later We galloped 11p to the

pasture where the greaser had his calves,

and they were sure. a. handsome lot.

There must ’a’ been five hundred in the

bunch and every one looked to be a thor-

oughbred. .



“You’ve got more’n I need there.” .ays

I, “but I’ll buy part 0’ ’em. What do you

want a head?"



“Me no sell ’less you take ’em all. I

sell whole lot for five hundred dollars.”



“What!” I yelled, plumb astonished.

“Why, man, there’s at least five hundred

in that bunch! That’s only a dollar a

head!”



“I know, but I gotta raise money quick

an’ sell f01 that if you buy now "



I looked at Zeke and he nodded back

and wunk. “Sure,” says he, “buy ’em.

Your boss'll never say a word. Tell him

you paid two dollars a head and clean up

five hundred for yourself on the deal.”



“But I only got three hundred dollars."



“That’s all right. I’ll lend you the bal.

ance,” and Zeke dug for his roll. In five

minutes the deal was closed and the

greaser moseying back to town.



I don’t know what put it into my head,

but I decided to drive them calves home

that night, notwithstanding that it was

nigh t'o sundown then. Zeke and Ike

volunteered to help, and in thirty minutes





’em to





‘we had ’em rounded up and were on the





way.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





Before we’d made five miles we were

telling each- other that we’d never real-

ized what pesky, contrary critters calves

were until that night. In spite 0' our

best endeavors they scattered hither and

you over the whole territory and kept us

on one continuous hump keeping ’em to-

gether. Luckily it happened to be full

moon and ’most as light as day or we’d

lost three-fifths o’ ’em before morning.



It was eight o’clock when we finally

rounded the critters into the front yard

0’ the old man’s domicile, and if three

tired and mad and thirsty cow punchers

ever come out o' the west, we was them.



The old man heard the racket and came

out on the front porch, and I wish you

could ’a’ seen his face when he saw you

we had. He just stood and gaped for a

good five minutes before he finally spoke.



“What on earth have you got there?”

he demanded.



"Calves,” I answered, thinking he was

overcome by the number 0’ ’em.



“Calves!” he yelled, getting black in

the face. “Calves! You blame idiot!

Don’t you ’spose I’ve been in the cattle

business long enough to know a. calf

when I see one? I ’spose this is a joke,

ain’t it?” says he, real sarcastic. “You’re

all drunk, you blankity blank fools!”



“A man can't talk like that to me in

this country and stay unlicked,” says

Zeke sliding out 0’ his saddle.



”Which same I was about to remark,”

says Ike, following suit.



“Me, too,” says I, hopping down.



“You come down and repeat them re-

marks to my face!" yelled Zeke, shaking

his fist at the old man.



Before the boss could reply, one 0’ the

calves suddenly put its head down, gave

a hop-skip-and-jump and butted Zeke a

wallop in the small 0’ his back that land-

ed him on his ear ten feet away.



This tickled Ike so that he forgot to be

mad and doubled up to laugh, but

promptly straightened out again when

another 0’ the critters caught him in the

same region and landed him on top 0’

Zeke.



That was too many for me and I start—

ed to haw haw, too. when, biffl I caught

it and went sailing under my horse in-

stead. This was altogether too interest-

ing and I scrambled up and into the sad-

dle in jig time.



Some how or other my head seemed to

feel different after that bump, as if I'd

just woke up from a sound sleep and was

stil1 a little woozy; when I looked around

for the calf that had done the business,

however, I received a shock o’ surprise

that caused the hair to rise upon the back

0’ my neck and the cold chills to chase

down my spine.



My gaze wandered around the yard, and

the more I looked the more convinced I

got that I had suddenly gone plumb l0-

coed. Instead 0’ calves the yard was full

and running over with goats—just plain

old Angora goats!



I looked at my pardners and at once

saw that they were on the same wagon

with me. They both were expressions 0'

blank amazement and their eyes were

sticking out so ' far that you could ’a’

hung your hat on ’em.



“If them ain’t my goats I’ll eat ’em,"

says Zeke bewilderedly.



“Just what I’m thinking,” says Ike;

“but where’d the calves go to?”



At this point Artie Lewis, who works

011 the Lazy T ranch, four mile above us,

came galloping up from the direction 0’

Red Horse. ‘Vhen he see us and the

goats he. let out a yell o’ delight that told

us he knew more 0’ the details than we

did.



“By cricky! He did do it, didn’t he?"

says Artie as he pulled 11p.



“Do what?” demanded Zeke.





““‘lty." says Artie in surprise, “ain't,





you found it out yet?”



“Found out what?”



“\Vhy, how that Hindu hypnotized you

three. He came into the hotel last night

after he returned from your ranch and

had his assistant tell all the boys how

he’d got even with you for spanking him

in public.” 1



“\Vas that Hindu and that Greaser one

and the same party?” demanded Zeke.



“Sure he Was. He heard Billy telling

you two about how he was out buying

calves and he heard you tell Billy about

the goats. After Zeke spanked him be

framed up this little deal all on his own

hook, and during the performance he just

naturally hypnotized all three 0’ you

without you even knowing it, and after

the show he sort 0' inquired around

among the boys as to the location 0’

your ranch and then looks up you three

and takes you out there and sells you

them goats for a dollar a head, making

you believe all the time that they were





 





 





 





APRIL 9, 1910.





 





 





Dr. Pierce 5 Fawrz'te‘ Prescription





MAKES WEAK WOMEN STRONG,

SICK WOMEN WELL.





For over 40 years this celebrated remedy has

been making women’s lives happier—health-

let—safer.



Many thousands of women have testified

to its wonderful efiect.





The “Favorite Prescription” is





THE ONE REMEDY that can be de-

pended upon when there is any derangement of the distinctly

feminine organism. It purifies, heals, soothes, builds up.

THE ONE REMEDY which absolutely contains neither alcohol

(which to most Women Is rank poison) nor injurious or

habit-forming drug‘s.



THE ONE REMEDY which is so perfect in its composition

and so good In its curative effects as to warrant its makers

in printing its every Ingredient, as they do, on its outside

wrapper, verifying the same under solemn oath.





 





It is needed when backaches make life miserable—when a sicken-

ing, dragging, bearing-down feeling makes work a weary‘agony—

when sick headache, nervous irritability, loss of energy and appe-

tite indicate derangement of the womanly organism. It is a purely

vegetable compound, being a glyceric extract from native medicinal

roots and can not injure in any condition of the female system.





Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets help the efiect of

all other medicines by keeping the liver active and the bowels

open. They regulate and strengthen Stomach, Liver and Bowcls.





Easy to take as candy. At all dealers—get what you as} for.

World’s Dispensary Medical Association, Buflalo, N. Y.





 





 





Buying rubber boots is just like buy-

ing seed, or fruit trees; the best is





always the cheapest. A few cents





a bushel, or a tree, saved may

cost you the loss of dollars in

the crop.





Selz “Irrigation”





rubber boot is the best boot

made; the best Para rubber,

perfectly made. It don’t cost

any more than any other as good; if

you can find one; but it costs enough

to be as good a boot as can be made.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Ask your dealer for it





 





Largest makers of good shoes in the world





Special _S___ale of Wire!





0!". uio route“ opportunlty over prooontod to‘buy ero— and Rollo at an enormous saving.

here‘ 3 goodl- reasons why we can sell our merchandise for loss monoy Hun anyone olno. We purchase

our code in an entirely new and original way. No old- time methods about our business. We recently

guro used the contents of a bot-go sunk In tho Olllo lllvor containing 20,000 Keg. I'WIr.



asides thousands of reels of high-grade Ban-bod ero ro Fondly-fl] and much additional wire

Broduct. Our customers get the benefit. of our wonderful operations. 9 Barbed Wire oilered is the



nest and best manufactured. It. is unimpaired and Just as good no tho urn-clans mucorlol that you

buyf rorn your leh Priced Dealer. The nails are offered Just as _they.ere. No _docoptlon about our

buolnou. Wo Want utloflod customers ovorywh on. ’





Galvanlzul Barbed Wire, 4 olnt at u on reels, 1'

100 lbs... 52. 00, Painted Barbe Wig}; polpnt 8.1 15 331'

100 lb 3. . 2 pol nt, $1.85 per 100 lbs. Ours cml galvanized

high- grade. light weight Barbed Wire, 8. per

‘ spool. 31.. 65. Painted isted Wire, per realm-$1.15.

At. $1. so per 100 lbs. we will sup ly you new Galvanized





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





lWire Shorts. Thegoore put 11 100 lbs to the bundle. By orts we mean wire in

915° 15- Telephone Wire No. 12. $2.85 per 100 lbs. 0. 14. $3.10 porl lbs.

MIXED WIHE‘ NAILS, PER KEGI $1. 50

Thou a ’0 were on Boa :1 a largo ounlx hum-Ohm vor an are now more or

mixed, just as the come. 100 lbs. to the ke Sizes from 3 1131:4315“

brig clean new ails, co mon. er fie , $3.20. Builds Deal , ,

lhOnld take Aadvantage of this opportunity to buy nulls soc 11% 8 rs, era etc '

2!

It shows 10, 000 bargains bought rlby us at. Shorlm' “no.1! Monufocturoro' Solo. and Rooolvoro 13.1.5.

Also explain. our wondetfu l Marl oonll othor Wrockln nfpo 0p. Mono. lShows evegthing 1n the line

ofi material! and an plies, lynoluding grish- nado Furn ltzc'ure. aHouseho "40"‘188 and 03m“:





lengths from50 feet. ood for all general pur oses. Comes in “$311393 rom

less rusty. They are practical] for use and make a fine handy assortmentfii Put up

FOR OUR MAMMOTH ILLUSTRATED Flléll a(:ATAMDO No. K. D.

HICAGO HOUSE WBECKING 60.", “EHICAGO, ILL





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer When you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
u,

f’

.\





.‘e

9.





 





 





. WHY mam:





 





'AP'RiL 9, 19101 '





-There’s more strength

I in a bowl of





uaker , Oats

than» in the same

quantity or the same





value of any other



food you can eat.

Most nourishing,

least expensive





Packed in regular 10c packages. and in large

one family packages at 5c.





 





Because you can get LOTS for 980—-





Located in the heart of over 500,000 acres of

the finest fruit and wheat land in this country.

Irrigation will soon be started and Yakitat

will come into its own.





Realty values Increased 1200* in eight years in

a western town that did not have as good

chances as Yakitat.





In the famous Yakima Valley: on the Yakima

River: on the main Line of the Northern

Pacific By.: the North Coast Ry.just a half

mile to the North.—iniact Yakitat has too much

that makes a town to be anything else but

a large town.





We believe it—others do. too—at least we have

had demands for lots in sufficient quantity

to indicate this.





Sand for Literature. You may pay '6 down and

balance monthly payments.





E. B. Butler. 1172 Am. Bank Bldg..

Seattle. Wash.





Admins 200% PROFIT





O 0



Agents Commg Money

Thousands being sold. Great

big money getter for agents.

Handy Automatic Home Fas~

tener. No straps—no buckles

—no chains—no freezin of fin-

square

, eal oii'er. Horsemen stop-look

r\ -—listen—bny onevthen a dozen.

, Agent writes, "Hurry up my order

—-sol out first day." Cary sa’ys. “Hid.

{portray—rash o .' This is

only one of over 000 est selling articles we furnish

nts: Write today-now—tor our latest pro ition.

eadquarters for agents. No experience nee ed. ust

write—we show how. We want agsn managers—

lnenorwomsn—sil or parttime—homsortra —to show,

take orders for our goods, Write today for 1’ SAMPLE.

You will make more '

moneythan ever before.





 





 

 

 





 





 





no ng in-

vestigate—write at once

--drop everything else—

aot quick—time short—let us start you—demand is bi.

—-be a Thomas Agent and get the money.





THOMAS MIG. 00., 645 Wayne 53-, Dayton, (Milo.l





Femald Dash sen? I'iolilel:





protects you against runaways when horse is left un-

watched. Keeps the reins from under

horse’s feet. Switching tail can-

not jerk reins loose. Fits tight on

any d . Lasts as long as the





 





buggy. No bolts or screws required.

Simply slips on dash and ate s in

q. - place. Is ornamental too. N ckel

~ or baked 'japan finish. Too low-

fimtor you to be without it. Ask your hardware or

dealer or write us. [1

Femald Mfg. Co. North Elsi, Pa.

ANTED—Reliable single farm hand. Familiar

with stock and good milker. Good pay and good

board. Yearly contact. H. M. F. 226 Mi. Elliott Ave., Detroit.





ROOSEVELTIS Great African Trip.



Millions will be sold.

Experience unnecessary. Big money quick. Outfit

free. Star Publishing 00., 213 Madison St.. Chicago.





Lei lie Siari You In Business i

I will furnish the advertising,matter and the plans.

I want one sincere. earnest man in every town and

township. Farmers. Mechanics, Builders. Small

business man. anyone anxious to improve his con.





 





 





 





 





 





   

   





diiion. Address Commercial Democracy. Dept. D 80, Elyria, Ohio.

- like hungry

- - - - - F B to .01...

JV time 11" on

f use MAGIC FISH LURE. Best n’sh nit



. I ever discovered. Write to-day and get a

box to help introduce it. Agents wanted.



J. 1“. Gregory. Dept. 55': St. Louis. Mo

PATENTS wonrn FORTUNES

Tnventors: Send 8 cts. for our Valuable Patent Books

3.8. a A. B. LACEY, Dept. 89, WASHINGTON, D. c. Est. 1869





 





 





 





 





Men Wanted—To prepare for next B'lway Mail.

Internal Revenue. Customs a Postoflice exam-

inations. 050 to .125 monthly. Common education

sufficient. Influence unnecessary. Preparation free.

Write immediately for dates and places of coming

exam’s. Franklin Inst, Dept. S. 48. Rochester. N.Y.





mnsxmvfl... FISH BITE





ImoiAnt-matle [looks laud them eve time.

‘ Bat ave body catching fish. We 085: a PE box

ands-mp Hooksforhelpingtolntroducothsm.Write

MIME NOVELTY 30.. DIM. 3'. Clinics. loss.





WANTED—A capable farmer for charitable

- institution in Northern Michigan.

A, single man. or one with no children preferred,

whose wife would work in the house. or further

particulars address Box 89, Houghton. Michigan





.. . , —Th

WANTED. “massagraaris





mango a are able to handle-horses. No cows

to milk. .ages 085.00 per month and board.

Address BOYCBOFI‘ FARM. Sidnaw. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





* calves.





 





W! m an A mm SALARY





and all expenses to introduce Min and Steel: Pew-

5. Springfield. Ill. i





don. Steed, worl- GRANT 00.





‘





Haw, haw, haw! This is the

best eyer."



It wassome time before we could get

the matter clear in our minds-but when

we finally did there was a. flow 0’ lan-

guage around that vicinity that would

’a’ been instructive to listen to, if it

hadn't been so earnest.



“Now wouldn’t that crimp you?” says

Zeke to me finally. “Sold you my goats

and made me help pay for ’em to the

extent of two hundred good iron plunks

into the bargain! This is too much! I'm

going to wander off into the horizon in

search 0’ that Oriental—I have a sort 0’

sneaking idea that I’d like to meet up

with him just once more.”



“And I believe that I’ll just join the

little expedition," says Ike.



I sat in my saddle and watched ’em

ride off down the road. Then I looked

around at them goats, and the old man,

standing there looking at me, grim as a

Aztec idol, and a sudden yearning seized

a hold 0’ me.



“I reckon that here’s where I quit,"

says I. “You can keep what wages I’ve

got coming to help pay for what damage

I've done, and I’ll just join that little ex-

pedition, too,” and with that I galloped

away in the wake o' Zeke and Ike.





A GREAT ARBORICULTURIST.





BY 5. R. COOK,





Mr. John P. Brown, of Indiana. is a

man whose whole soul and life has bcon

devoted to advocating the importance of

planting trees. He was born Jan. 19.

1842, was a civil engineer, and originated

the International Arboricultural Society,

of which he is now secretary and treas—

urer, that society receiving a Commemo-

ration .Medal at the St. Louis VVorld‘s

Fair.



This man has been responsible for the

planting of 20,000,000 trees for future use

as railroad ties and building material.

“If nothing in this way is done,” he says,

“America will have no timber in two dec-

ades!” T'WO million laborers are now

dependent upon the continuance of the

wood industry. The inland commerce of

our nation is borne upon 1,000,000,000 rail-

way cross—ties, while 200.000,000 are re-

quired annually to renew those exhausted

from decay. In a quarter of‘a century

500,000,000 ties will be demanded for such

renewals. It is time for America to stop

and think about making provision for

systematic planting of the most import-

ant of the timber varieties of trees, and

for better protection of remaining forests.





There are now standing 1,475,000,000,-

000 feet of lumber in the United States,

and figuring the amount required for pub—

lishing papers and books; for telegraph

poles, cross-ties, and domestic use; be-

sides the wood destroyed by fires, thus

75.000.000.000 feet of this precious, grained

fiber are consumed each year.



Mr. Brown not only writes extensively

but he travels and helps select proper

ground and trees, then superintends the

planting of timber in various sections of

the world. He advises the cultivating of

catalpa, for it grows faster and endures

longer than any other timber. There are

three kinds of catalpa; Kempferii, from

Japan, introduced into America in 1852;

bignonioides, a. native of Virginia. Neither

of these varieties has great economic

value, yet both have been. broadly dis-

seminated throughout the world, and to

a very large extent mistaken for the

Catalpa speciosa. The first two men-

tioned are dwarfed and crooked, while

speciosa is a tall, upright forest tree, of

magnificent proportions and grows in ev-

ery section of the country. There are

records of Catalpa speciosa trees that a

century ago measured twenty—one feet in

girth with a height of one hundred and

fifty feet.



' Australia, New Zealand, Japan. Korea,

France, Germany, Italy and Great Britain

all feel the influence and importance of this





'man's great work, Ten thousand trees are





being planted daily in the various states

of the south under the direction of Mr.

Brown, and a million trees have been put

out in the south for timber purposes.



It is time the northern, eastern and

western farmers are getting in line to

sustain or maintain their supremacy in

this valuable industry. Every catalpa.

set out now for a fence post may be

worth a treble price in a few years as a.

cross-tie, telephone pole, or an adjunct

to your domicile. Frederick Weyerhaeu-

ser, of Minnesota, became ‘a very rich

man by capturing timber lands and mer-

cilessly cutting the wood down: but John

P. Brown the original and sincere arbor-

iculturlst, will make America the wealth-

lest nation in timber if she follows his

wise counsel. -





 

 





TH‘E‘ MICHIGAN, FA‘RMER.





I WONDER WHY.,





 





BY MRS. ANNA STERNS.

I wonder why we mortals fret and worry,





Why trifles light as air disturb our

peace;



Why all our strength is lost in rush and

hurry



And little carping cares that never

cease.





For close about us is many a peaceful

haven,

Where we our craft might anchor ill

the calm;

Vthrc our tired souls

dream of heaven,

And all our many

balm.





could rest and





woes find healing





I wonder why wc do not prize more dcarly

The friends who love us and the Joys





of home;

And why our eyes do not observe more

clearly,

How precious is their presence till





they‘ve fiown.





For life's so short, and hearts so sadly

yearning

For lovc's sweet tokens while they yet

are ours;

And better far for memory to be turning,

To living, loving decds, than funeral

flowers.

I wonder why our hearts are always

sighing

For green fields and pastures far away:

Why we ignore the homely blessings

lying

So thickly around our busy feet cach

day.





I wonder why we are so slow in loarning

Life’s sweetest lessons God would have





us know;

Why from the truest Joys we're often

turning

To that which can no lasting peace





bcstow.





THE COCHINEAL lNSECT.





 





BY ALONZO RICE.





One of the most useful insects in sup-

plying the wants of man is the cochineal.

It: was formerly Poland, but now Soulh

America that furnishes the best quality

of dye afforded by this insect.



As curly as 1518 the Spaniards found

the natives of South Amcrica using this

dye to color their garments, fcathcrs. and

other ornaments. However, its real worth

was not fully developed until about two

hundred years lute. It had been Dl‘O—

viously imagined the dye was the result

of a grain, and not the product of the

insect’s body.



The cochincal feeds upon the nopal,

which is a species of the fig tree. The

nopal is very common in New Spain, also

in the lower parts of India. The lcavcs

of this tree are thick and are full of

saccharine juice.



The method by which the dye is ob-

tained is as follows: At the approach

of the rainy season the cultivators swccp

from the leaves certain well—known in-

sects which arc found sucking the juice

of the green plant. These insects are

preserved in the houses of the natives,

who feed them with great care upon

branches of the nopal. At the flow of

the rainy season, twelve or fourteen of

these insects, by that time grown strong,

are put in little baskets made of moss or

the down that covers the cocoanut. Those

baskets are placed among the branches





'of the nopal tree, and in a few days the





cochineal insects spread over the trccs

and give birth to an infinite number of

young.



The cochineal insects is very small, and

has a trunk so brittle that it cannot be

moved from place to place without break~

ing it. The consequence is, that during

the whole term of its life it remains fixed

to the spot where it first settled, and

nevcr willingly moves from the vegetable

nipple which feeds it. When the females

have attained a certain age, the males

are supplied with wings and enabled to

leave the plant on which they are

hatched. The females remain stationary,

and hatch their young on the spot; but

the latter would soon becomc so numer-

ous as to be at a loss for space to feed

on, while they are so delicate that it

would be impossible for them to pass

from one plant to another if nature did

not provide for them admirable means of

emigration. At the period of their birth

a. multitude of spiders fasten their nets

to the leaves of thc nopal, and it is along

these slender threads, which answer the

purpose of a bridge, that the cochineal

insect finds an easy way to a neighboring

tree in quest of food.



The insects are killcd in hot water.

Their insides are found filled with the

beautiful red dust so well known to deal~

ers in dye.

~ In some districts of America are found

plantations containing fifty to sixty thou-

sand nopal trees. The annual export of

this dye amounts to many hundred thcu~

sands of dollars.





 

 





(29.) 421





Welcome Words

to Women





\Vomen who suffer with disorders peculiar

to their sex should write to Dr. Pierce and

receive free the advice of a physician of

over 40 years' experience—a skilled and

successful specialist in the diseases cl‘

women. Every letter of this sort has the

most careful consit'lcmtion and is regard-

ed as sacredly confidential. Many sensi-

tively modest women \vx-ito fully to Dr.

Pierce what thcy would shrink from tcll-

mg to their local physician. The local

physician is pretty sure to say that he

(can not do anything Without: "an cxumin-

atlon." Dr. Pierce holds that those diS~

tasteful examinations are generally need—

less, and that no woman. except in rare

cases, should submit to them.





 





Dr Plerce's treatment will cure you

right in the privacy of your own home.

His “Favorite Prescription" has cured

hundreds of thousands, some of them

the worst of cases.





It is the only medicine of its kind that is

the product of a regularly graduated phy-

sxc1an. The only one good enough that its

makers dare to print its every ingredient

on its outside wrapper, There‘s no secrecy.

It will bear examination. No alcohol and

no habit-forming drugs are found in

11'. Some unscrupulous medicine dealers

may offer you a substitute. Don‘t take it.

Don’t trifle with your health. \Vrite to

World’s Dispensary Medical Association,

Dr. R. V. Pierce. President, Buffalo, N.

Y.,take the advice received and be well.





BARGAINS





Ill liliill GRADE USED





 





 





Automobiles





We have now, ready for demonstration and

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. a very large stock

of high grade cars. comprising Runabouts it

Roadsters from 9100 to 01.250. Small Touring

gars gggomttbggfig Orlfigoléylmrge Touring Cars

rom o . . ARE A



MODELS OF LL LATE





STANDARD MAKE





Such as Packard. Pierce, Oldsmobile, Peerless,

Maxwell. Rambler, Ford. Reo, Thomas. Winton,

Lozier. White Steamers. Stoddard-Dayton. and

all others at





MARVELOUSLY LOW PRICES





They are all in the finest condition practically

new, and





2nd “AND [N NAME ONLY





it is an established fact that cars made of high grade

material are better after a season’s use than when

new. Besides a car when worked in is free from

defects of faulty design.





So Why Pay the Manufacturers Highest Price

when you can get a car just as good and in line

running order for





ONE-THIRD 0F ORIGINAL 008T





Do not fail to send for our interesting iBulletiu

containing instructive articles for owners or

prospective buyers: also gives description and

prices of hundreds of good bargains.





TIMES SQ. AUTO 00.





LARGEST DEALERS IN THE WORLD IN

NEW AND USED AUTOMOBILES.





5 KANSAS CITY. ......... 1701-3 Main St.

BIG ST. LOUIS ............. (,‘or. Pine dz 18th St.





onwaao....... ......1332 4 Michigan Av.

NEW YORK............215-17 w. 48th St.

HOUSES PHILADELPHIA“ 238-40 N. Broad St.





 





Learn How

to Ride

Horseback





I guarantee to teach any man. woman or child

to become an expert rider by my direct. simple

correspondence instruction. Learn to ride cor-

rectly as well as train horses for the saddle; teach

your hfige fagcylgaite ‘Tld tricks. Many secrets

never ore isc osed. wenty years’ experience' .

Hundreds of successful students.



Write today for handsome prospectus. “Riding

and Training the Saddle Horse." Free on realist.





M.Jeueliecy.435hesdeny$t..l’lssssstllfll.OHe





 





 





0R BALE—l. Horizontal Tubular Boiler 10 H. P.

1. Horizontal Center Crank Engine 5 H. P.: 1

Moore Deep Well Engine. An excellent outfit for run-





 





ning light machinery or cooking feed. For particu.

lars address W. J. Deyoe. R. D. 3. Bpringport, Mich.
4 22 (so





* Scott’s Emulsion,





is the original—~has been the

standard for thirty-five years.



There are thousands of so-

called “just as good” Emul-

sions, but they are not—they

are simply imitations which

are never as .good as the

original. They'are like thin

milk—SCOTT’S is thick like

a heavy cream.



If you want it thin, do it

yourself — with water —- but

don’t buy it thin.



FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS





 





Send 106., name of paper and this ad. for our

beautiful Savings Bank and Child‘s Sketch-Book.

Each bank contains a Good Luck Penny.





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ti ti: Michigan Farmer

”‘31an to hardcore.





THE“ "MICHIGAN FARMER.





' DO ANIMALS REASON?

. BY B. F.’ MACK.



The question of animal intelligence is

one of special interest. The evidence,

while controversial, seems to me to pre~

ponderate in favor of the higher faculty

which we call reason.



I am persuaded by my own observa~

tions, as well as from the testimony of

reliable witnesses, that the intelligence

of animals is not only acute, but that

their mentality equals reason. I have no

doubt that what we call perceptive facul-

ties in both man and the lower animals

have resulted through evolution during a

vast period of experiences and environ-

ments, and were primarily born of neces-

sity in the struggle for existence. This

in particular relates to that quality or

faculty we call instinct.



\Ve are told by travelers, notably Dar-

win, that on islands not inhabited by

man, the birds and other animals, on

first seeing man manifest but little fear.

But after years of his destructive agency

the posterity of these animals regard him

as an enemy and will flee for their lives

when he approaches. This tendency must

be the result of transmission of fear en-

gendered by man in seeking to destroy

them. Many, especially herbiverous, ani-





 





 





mals seek protection from the carnivora

,3by ascending rocky mountain heights

fwhere they are comparatively safe from

E the inhabitants of the jungle on the lower

lplain. Our domestic sheep still manifest

this inherited tendency by their disposi-

tion, and especially the lambs when at

play, to mount some rock or other eleva-

tion which gives a better View of sur-

roundings.



These hereditary tendencies we may

Class as instinct. But aside from these

we often see manifestations, distinct from

these natural inhcritances, peculiar to the

animals manifesting them. Sometimes

knowledge is acquired by accident. I once

had a hunting dog that was especially

fond of coon hunting. Sometimes he

would go to the woods alone and, when

he had treed a coon, would come to the

house and let my brother and I know

by barking. We did not always get up at,

once and finally, by rearing up against

the door, which had a thumb latch, he

once struck the latch with his paw and

opened it. After repeating this a few

times he so learned the trick that he





chucks had a burrow, and they would

often come down a few rods toward the

house. The dog had run after them many

times but, as the field was open, they

could see him and reach the burrow be-

fore he could catch them. One day I saw

one out and called the dog. He stood for

a moment watching it in trembling anx-

iety, and then an idea seemed to strike

him. He ran to a fence which was built

at right angles to the fence where the

burrow was. .He crossed the first fence

and then followed it up to the other and

crossed that. Then he followed that fence

to the burrow, keeping the fence between

himself and the woodchuck. He crossed

the fence at the burrow, and the wood-

chuck, being outgeneraled, was caught

and killed. If I had tried, I could not

have reasoned better.



“'hile I am on the subject I will relate

a story of a mule I saw at a coal mine

near the Ohio river. He was an unusu-

ally large and fine fellow, and was used

to draw cars from out the mine, in the

side of a hill, to where the coal was

dumped onto a boat in the river. A cer-

tain number of cars made a load, and as

they were run out and made up into a

train they would bump one against the

other. The driver told me that the mule

could count and that by the number of

bumps he knew when his load was com-

plete. Also, that if an extra car was at—

tached he absolutely refused to draw the

train.



I have just read an account of a rabbit

which, when pursued by an eagle, took

refuge under a wire fence. \Vhen the

eagle was on one side of the fence the

rabbit would move just out of its reach

on the other side. By changing in this

way the eagle finally tired and gave it up.

Evidences without number could be cited

going to show that animals do reason.





JOHNNIE'S COMPOSITION.





 





BY IiOOSIER.





Johnnie had been kept in after the reg—

ular school hours and, by way of further

punishment. he had to write a composi-

tion of several hundred words. This

might have been a. severe task for an

older pupil, but it did not daunt our young

hero; the “several hundred words” came

very naturally. He wrote:



“\Vhen spring comes, the flowers will

bloom, because they did last spring. \Vhen





 





Ohio.

on the back of his trusty “steed.”





 





A Sturdy Little Farmer and his Well-broken Saddler.—That this boy likes ani-

mals goes without saying and it is a safe guess that he has the confidence of all

his animal friends upon the farm. His name is Robert Mason, and he lives in

His brother took this snap-shot of him as he was starting after the cows





 





would open the door and, before we were

aware of it, would be in our bedroom

begging us to go with him.



Now after he had learned this he reas-

oned, just as all of our reason is born of

knowledge. “Then out hunting one night,

he trccd a coon and, as I could not see it.

I concluded to leave it. But he was very

persistent and loth to give it up. After

I had called him away he went back and

continued barking. I finally took off my

vest and spread it down near the tree,

telling him to lie on it and that I would

come again in the morning. I questioned

whether he would stay. I got up early

and called him, but as he did not appear

I went to the tree where I found him ly-

ing on the vest, and the coon in the tree.

Now he must have reasoned that I would

come for the vest. I afterward left him

in like manner and he was always faith-

ful to his trust.



A still more remarkable case was that

of another dog. About thirty rods from

our house, in the field, was an elevation

sloping toward the house. At the sum-





 





mit, where a fence crossed, the wood-





spring comes, the birds will sing and the

flowers will bloom, because they did last

spring and the spring before that. \Vhen

spring comes, the trees will leaf and the

birds will sing and the flowers will bloom,

because they did last spring and the

spring before that and the spring before

that, etc.” -



A flash of intelligence came to the

teacher’s mind, as Johnnie was excused,

and she mentally declared that he would

one day be a great editor.



The new baby had proved itself the

possessor of extraordinary vocal powers,

and had exercised them much to John-

nie’s annoyance. One day he said to his

mother:



“My little brother came from heaven,

didn’t he?”



Yes, dear.”



Johnnie was silent for some time, and

then went on:



“Say, ma."



"What is it, Johnnie?”



“I don’t blame the angels for bouncing

him, do you?”—Judge.





 





 

 

 





 





 





APRIL 9, '1910.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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APRIL - 59, 1910;. ‘





V Y V'V'YWYYY‘VVWLV-ngmrv’vf‘vw

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.force in existence.





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION 0F FA’RMERS’ CLUBS. -



President—B. A. Holden, Wixom. '



Vice-president—Mrs. C. -A. Mathews,

St. Johns.



Secretary—Mrs. C. B. Johnson, Meta.-

mora. ' '



Treasurer—Henry T. Ross, Brighton.



col-responding Secretary-i—Clayton Cook,

Owosso. . ‘



Directors—T. B. Halladay, Norvell; E.

C, Hallock, Almont; A. R. Palmer, Jack-

son; Wm. H. Marks .Fair Haven; C. L.

Wright, Caro; E. ' Woodruif, Blan-

chard. -'





 





Associational Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.

”Rf“.—

Assoclatlcnal Sentiment.—

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations. ‘ '





 





4





', YEARLY PROGRAMS.





 





One of the latest printed yearly pro-

grams to come to the editor’s desk is that

of the Hadley and Elba Farmers' Club,

of Lapeer county. This is a neat booklet

with a colored cover bearing the name of

the club. The title page bears the name

of the club, the date of its organization,

(1899), and signifies that the program is

for 1910. The succeeding page is devoted

to a. schedule of the meetings which are

held on the third Thursday of each

month, and which are called at 10:30 a.

m., from October to April, inclusive, and

at 1:30 p. m. from May to September, in-

elusive. The next page contains a list of

the officers and on the next page is print-

ed the regular order of business, together

with the announcement that the question

box is always open. 'The balance of the





' booklet is devoted to the programs of the





monthly programs, one of which appears

on‘each page. The names of the farms of

members who entertain the several meet-

ings appear with that of the host in each

instance. The general topics for discus-

sion are given, as are the principal liter-

ary features of each meeting, while the

music is arranged for each meeting by a

standing committee. A club picnic is

held in July, and the club participates as

an organization in a county farmers’ pic-

nic in August. The June meeting is

“Children's Day,” and a Club Fair is held

in October. Altogether this program

shows the club which it represents to be

fully alive to the opportunities and bene-

fits to be derived from the Farmers’ Club,

the subjects listed for their several meet-

ings and the whole makeup of the pro—

gram showing careful thought in its prep.

araiton and a. happy fitness to the occa-

sidn for each meeting.





.SPECIAL FEATURES.





 





Many clubs are ever interested in the

special features of club work which their

sister clubs employ to vary the programs

at the different meetings, keep up the

interest in and attendance of the club,

and secure to the members a. maximum

of benefit from their membership. One

such special feature which appears to

be new is brought out in the Club Discus-

sions column in this issue, in the report

of the mid—winter fair held by the Grosse

Ile Farmers’ Club. This report was made

at this date at the request of the editor

of this department, to the end that other

clubs might profit by it. in settling the

question of special feature work for the

coming year.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





'Agrlculture and Education.—-The Salem

Farmers’ Club held its March meeting at

the pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs. “’03—

ley:McFadden. About 70 members and

guests of the club gathered and enjoyed

the day. A good talk was given the club

by Robert Ross. He cited some of our

best authorities as saying, "Much that

the average schoolboy is required to

learn is comparatively worthless so far

as it touches his after life, except as a

discipline of the mind.” But if agriculture

could become a part of our school cur-

riculums, the boy would find himself in

after years in possession of a knowledge

that is a power in practical everyday





life. The different periods of our history.





show different interests and indutries of

life coming to the front. This is empha-

tically the age of agriculture. Mr. Ross

was followed by Mr. McAndrews, who

spoke in favor of the professional life.

Mr. Wooly, a. former resident of Oakland

county then addressed the club‘on the

absorbing topic of local option for old

Oakland. It was the place of his ’birth

and he was in the fight to the finish. It

was time every good man was lined up





with others' in ‘this great fight 'With the‘





American saloon which ”18" doing more to

undermine our nation than‘any other

The ‘ club members

were fully in sympathy and gate the





‘r





speaker an enthusiastic expression of

their loyalty to the cause. Good music

was furnished by the young ladies’ choir

of Worden; also a. duet by Mrs. M. Os-

born and films; Ruth Ross. Two new

members were received, Mn, and Mrs. C.

Slaybauch. The club adjourned to meet

with Mr. and Mrs Sylvester Atchinson

in April.



Hold Club Banquet—The Howell Farm-

ers’ Club held a banquet at the home of

Mr. and Mrs. Roy Latson on March 10.

The day was beautifuland the attendance

large. Dinner was served at one o’clock,

and the piled-up dishes of meats, salads,

pickles and pastry, made it appear as

though “high-priced food” was plentiful

among the farm folks, that the city boy-

cotters might envy. The toastmaster,

S. M. Yerkes, seemed to be at his best.

The future outlook for the farmer came

first, responded'.to by Hon, S. H. Mun-

sell. He thought that the most enjoyable

time in life was when we had something

to love and work for, that success on the

farm was according to the love you had

for the work; he recommended that chil-

dren should be taught to work and the

love for it encouraged: but along with

work there should be time for play, that

by mingling with each other we would

beubrLghter. A



y we re Here." On this to lo

Mr. Beckwith said: ”It was thirtelzan

years ago when he joined the Farmers'

Club and had always attended when con-

venient. That this subject comes to us

all; for what purpose we were placed here

—~that it was for the working out of some

great ’plan. Few of us are cast for stars

in lifes drama; some of us have most of

the work to do and little of the applause.

Most men are of 'ordinary intelligence

and in ordinary circumstances we should

make the best of our surroundings. It is

the duty of the farmers to be in touch

With all questions of life. There is no

other class of men who are such dav

dreamers as the farmer. Only as you

have the spirit of service will you be of

service in the world. The varied experi-

ence of farm life calls for all the elements

which enter into character.”



“Our Ladies” and “Gentlemen.”-—R. R.

Smith responded to the toast on Our

Ladies. He said he did not belong to that

class of grumblers that was always find~

ing. fault, that he believed in giving credit

while we live and not save the flowers

for the dead. He certainly threw many

bouquets to the ladies, all of which the

ladies appreciated.



Mrs. Joseph Brown then followed with

tho toast on Our Gentlemen. She com-

menced by saying that when she was

small she was always wishing she had

been born a boy but today was glad she

was a woman because of the bouquets

thrown to the ladies, of course. She knew

that men had done all the great and

good things and there was no use telling

thcm and thought the Howell Farmers’

Club men had not made any startling

discoveries yet they really were the most

courteous, good natured, unselfish, hon-

est, good-looking men in all the country,

but for fear that men would claim all

the glory, she would tell them in verse,

and she did really roast the men in seven

verses of original poetry.



Elect New Officers.—The program and

the election of officers then followed:

President, S. H. Munsell; vice—president,

R. R. Smith; second vice-president, E. E.

Latson; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Joe

Brown; recording secretary, Margery

Moody; treasurer, F. W, Ellsworth; direc-

tors, Jay Marr and Jay Tooley; organist.

Mrs. Fred Bucknell; chorister, Mrs. H.

Reed. Resolutions 0n S. Hildebrant read

andaccepted, also to be spread on the



Mid-Winter Fair a Special Feature—At

your request I send you an item of the

Grosse Ile Farmers’ Club Mid-winter

Fair, which was held at the residence of

Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Moore in January.

and was decidedly the 'most successful

winter fair that the club has ever held.

I—ieretofore our. winter fair 'has been

known as the Corn Contest, but this year

we decided tooextend it into a corn. fruit,

vegetable, and seed contest and mid.

winter fair. The different varieties of

corn formed a good show in itself. F, D.

W'hitall had seven different varieties of

sweet com, A. RichardSOn and E. Poliskie

carried off the prizes for yellow dent, J.

M. Cook and F. D. Whitall for white dent;

E. J. Bell and F. D. Whitall for flint,

oats, first prize, R. L. Stanton; buck—

wheat, iirst, J. Trombly. The vegetable

exhibit was very good, A. Groh, J. M.

Cook and O. N. Webb taking the first

prizes for vegetables. There were sev-

eral exhibits of field beans, Miss Mae

Groh winning first prize. Mrs. O. N.

Webb won first on garden seed collection.

Miss Marion Keith won first on flower

seeds. Miss Keith also exhibited a 14—

ounce lemon grown on a tree at her home

on the island. This is the second year

this same tree has borne fruit. Mrs.

Webb had on exhibition quinces which

had kept beautifully all winter in a has-

ket in the cellar, and they won first prize

as there were no others exhibited. But

what seemed to please the gentlemen

most was all the good things the ladies

had brought to exhibit, cooked, from

corn and wheat, and which, after being

Judged were eaten as refreshments. The

ladies did themselves proud with their

cooking, beautiful and useful prizes being

awarded in this department. This club

holds a fair on Labor Day each year that

means hard work for the committee. But

our mid-winter fair means pleasure for

all, there being no hard work in connec-

tion with the fair. Everyone brings their

own exhibits and looks after them, and

it means a regular family reunion of the

members, an all-evening visit with your

neighbors, and the very,best time of the

whole winter.



The regular meeting of the club was

held at the residence of Mr. and Mrs.

J. M. Cook, March 24, regular meetings

being held on Thursday on or before the

full of the moon. The club has over 100

Vmembers enrolled. We extend to mem—

bers of any Farmers’ Club an invitation

to attend our meetings. our fair in Sep-

tember or our mid-winter fair. A warm

welcome- will be extended to visitors.—

Mrs. I. E. Webb, Sec.





THE-wMicniGAN FARMeR. '





 





GRANGE W:





Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





 





 





TH E APRIL PROGRAMS.





 





Suggestlons for Second Meeting.



“There is a perfection of the hedgerow

and cottage, as well as of the forest and

palace."—Ruskin.



Farm Business—V. The coming census:

1. Why a farm census is good business

policy. 2. What questions will the gov-

ernment ask?



Select reading, “A Tree."



W'liat kind of trees, shrubs and vines

shall we plant on Arbor Day, and where

can they be obtained?



Roll call:—~How make our home and

school grounds more attractive or health—

ful this spring.



Question Box, conducted by the women.





GRANGE AND RURAL LEADERS—II.





 





“Some young people have joined our

Grange, from time to time, but they usu-

ally soon drift out of it,” is not infre-

quently heard.



The name of the neighborhood where

this happens is Legion. It is not difiicult

to get people to come together—they are

hungry for social intercourse. The diffi-

culty is to find those who are sufficiently

equipped by nature or acquired ability to

marshal a body of people into an orderly

gathering from which both pleasure and

profit shall be derived and hold the body

together. In a women’s congress, in con-

nection with a farmers' institute this past

winter, it was impossible, among a hun~

drcd 'women present, to find one who

would consent to act as chairman for the

next year. It certainly was not inability

that made them hesitate, but they were

unused to taking a leading part in smaller

bodies which met more frequently and

darcd not undertake this. in cvcry line

of mental, social and moral organization

it is often very hard to find people to

“take charge.” Country Sunday schools

and churches overwork the willing ones.

Study and literary clubs of all sorts do

the same. “Because there are so few

who can” is the plea under which the

same person is repeatedly put into the

leading office. Perhaps this is truc, but it

ought not to be so, and I fancy that the

case where it is true is exceedingly rare.

“'c may plan so that it shall never be so.



"0verhclpfulness encourages helpless-

ness.” Because one man or woman has

led a Grange or club for years, however

well, is no guarantee that no one clse

can cvcr do as well. The same degree of

excellence may not be apparent at once,

and why should we expect it? These

things come by practice, just as do good

grammar, or the habit of touching the

but when a gentleman meets a lady.



A club woman friend and I were dis«

cussing this matter not long ago. “I

never doubt the ability of any woman to

make a good officer,” said she, “since one

experience in a children's neighborhood

club. There came a time when every

child in the club had been president, ex-

cept one. I vcry much doubted his ability

to preside and conduct the business, and

said so frankly; but my wise neighbor,

Mrs. H., quietly said, ‘Oh, yes, Charlie

can do it, of course he can; we will elect

him.‘ And Charlie became president and

surprised us by the way he fairly blos-

somed out under its duties. I have never

since questioned the ability of anyone,

who cares enough to join a society for

mutual improvement, to hold any office

in it with at least a fair degree of credit.”



She continued, “I have seen women who

at first appeared of very ordinary ability,

but under responsiblity they showed forth

remarkable tact and energy. I think we

owe it to one another, in organizatitms

for mutual benefit, to expect that anyone

can fill any office.” JENNIE BUELL.





ENTHUSIASTIC HESPERIA MEETING

IN BENZIE CO.





 





 





It is nearly twenty years since Com-

missioner D. E. McClure, State Superin-

tendent Pattengill, Prof. Ferris and a

score or more of enthusiastic teachers.

inoculated Oceana and Newaygo counties

with the bacteria that later on devel-

oped into the Hesperia movement. Edu-

cators all over the United States have

read and talked of this movement. From

time to time magazine articles have been

written about it and on one occasion Bro.

McClure was invited to tell the National

Teachers' Association about the possibil-

ities of this new educational awakening

I have wondered why every county in the

state did not organize an association of

this kind, but up to the present year little

has been done in this line outside of the

two counties named above.



Prof. H. A. Lewis, formerly of Oceans.

county. but now of Frankfort, Benzie

county, with a number of his friends,

arranged a. three days’ meeting at that





<31)... 23





place in connection with the teachers'

institute, March 23, 24 and 25. The meet-

ing was a splendid success, and a perma-

nent association was established upon the

Hésperia plan. Prof. Ferris. of Big

Rapids, was present, and with his usual

force and vigor presented his-several

topics in a way to interest farmers and

business men, as well as teachers and

pupils. Prof. Beddow, of the Central

Michigan Normal gave valuable assist-

ance to teachers and rendered a number

of readings which were enjoyable to peo-

ple of town and country alike. Mr. Voor-

heis, one of the largest fruit growers in

Benzie county, gave a helpful address up—

on the subject, “Fruit trees from the

nursery to the second year." The sub-

ject, “Farm homes and their surround-

ings." was presented «from a very prac-

tical and helpful. standpoint by Mr, G. L.

Dressel, of Frankfort.



Mrs. Voorheis read a very carefully

prcpared paper entitled, “How should the

home prepare the child for the school?"

It was full of good things from beginning

to end. She was followed by Mrs. Pen-

fold, who continued the discussion of the

subject in a very happy manner. Here

are some of the things gleaned from her

talk. “The children should be kept clean.

There are times when the fine—toothed

comb is needed and you need not be

alarmed or surprised at what you catch.

The children can help keep their' own

clothes in order. They should early be

taught that they are partners in the work

and pleasures of the home. They should

be taught neatness and order. The mother

should know the teacher and they should

keep very close together all the time.

The children should be taught punctuality

and no trifling cause should excuse them

from school.”



The writer spoke Thursday afternoon

upon “Improving the Dairy Herd."

Thursday evening his subject was “The

Relation of School to Citizenship," and

Friday morning he talked upon “Spraying

for Injurious Insects and Diseases of the

Orchard.” Prof, R. D. Bailey was present.

in the interest of the state traveling lib-

rary and did good work.



The people of Benzie county have been

awakened by this meeting and everyone

is enthusiastic over the results. The new

association is splendidly officered. The

farmers and fruit growers are in the

lead. Already they are planning for the

next year’s convention. They are to be

congratulated upon the stand they have

taken in this matter. Next year the

Oranges of the county will unite with

them, and the meeting in prospect is

looked forward to with unusual interest

by Patrons of both Granges and schools.



W. F. TAYLOR.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





An Easter Supper was enjoyed by Fair-

field Grange at the conclusion of its meet—

ing on the evening of March 19. Six

candidates were givcn the third and

fourth degrees at this meeting and two

applications for membership were re-

ceived.



Pulaski Grange.—Friday evening, April

1, National Deputy John F. “’ilde organ-

ized a Grange, with 52 members, at Pu-

laski, Jackson Co. The following are

the officers: Master. Chauncey Allen;

overseer. N. S. McClintic; lecturer, Susie

B. McClintic; steward. Donn Rice; ass't

steward, iVm. Lown; lady ass’t steward.

licona Rose: chaplain, Hattie Loveless;

treasurer, George Loveless; secretary,

Judson C. Lyman; gate kccper, Archie

VValworth; Ceres, Mabel Allen; Pomona,

Nettie \Valworin: Flora. Lizzie Hoxsie.



German Patrons Give Prizes—«At its

first March meeting Gorman Grange. of

Lcnawce Co., awarded the prize which

had been offered for the best cake brought

to this meeting. Mrs. Irene Kafer was

the successful contestant. A prize had

also been offered for the closest guess on

the number of hills, three grains to the

bill, that could be planted from a pint

can of corn and beans mixed. This prize

was awarded to Eliza Huyck.



Crystal Grange, of Montcalm county

mourns the death of one of its prominent

members, Bro. Geo. H. Lester. lie was

one of the prime movers in bringing

Grange fire insurance into existence and

was the first president of the State As-

sociation of Patrons' mutual fire insurance

companies. At his death he was secretary

and treasurer of the Patrons’ company

in his own county. lie also served a

term in the Michigan house of representa-

tives in the early ’90s.



Holt Grange.-National Deputy John F.

ll'ilde organized 21 Grange at Holt, in

Delhi township, Ingliam county, Saturday

evening, March 26, with the following offi-

cers: Master, H. E. Gunn; overseer. A.

lil. \Vclch; lecturer, Emma Bickeit; stew-

ard, C, V. Keller; ass't steward, G. H.

Green; lady ass‘t steward, Marietta How—’

cll; chaplain. Nettie \Velch: treasurer,

James B. Thorborn; secretary, Wesley

\V’eigman; gate keeper, F. S. Gunn;

Cores, Jennie VVeigman; Pomona, Anna

Gunn; Flora, Mrs. C Keller,



Iosco Brothers Furnish Banquet—Fri-

day evening, March 25 Iosco Grange held

its eighth annual banquet. The Grange

has been conducting a very enthusiastioc

contest, with Mrs. TV. I. Stow as leader

of the ladies and A. G. Stow as leader of

the gentlemen, which was to decide

whether ladies or gentlemen should give

the annual feast. As the ladies were

successful, the gentlemen rose to the Go.

casion, working behind closed doors, and

without any, aid or assistance whatever

from the ladies, brought on the tables

51 very sumptuous spread of three courses.

The hall was very tastefully decorated

Wlth bunting, flags and carnations. The

speaker of the evening was Prof Jeffery

(glad-0:138 Vého gave aivery interesting



range an its ‘ " .

and college extension. poss1bilities





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetln s.





O'ceana Co.,23with 'WeareaGrange, Sat-.-





u‘rday, April .

Benzie Co., with Thompsonvllle Grange.

TfiiIesdiiy and Wednesday, May 31 and

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Protect Your Farm Home and. Buildings with





Three Lig





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Rods in One!





scarce {3' run-ear: (if:





protector in itself!

which with the others gives the





 





 





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ity guarantee of _ . :I'





   





Wonderful Thunderstorm ‘

Iiechine





 





All farm buildings—every building—should be pro-

tected against fire from lightning, for insurance statis-

tics prove that 75% of farm fire losses of a year are

caused by lightning. Are your home and buildings

safe? They are lightning proof if equipped with Shinn

Rode! There’s no other rod in the world built by the

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efficiency. Any kind of lightning rod or wire rope will





   





   





I Your

“Manama!





Busmess ..





Take 3’0“" 2201“, 0f 15 beautify





\ handsome van What do you pr de W. C. Shinn has posted $75,000. in the form of a bond. with the





National Bank of Commerce through the National Fidelity and

atter Casualty Company, Omaha. Neb. This is your guarantee against

0 m loss from lightning striking your homes or buildings when they

are equipped with Shinn Rods. Besides. you receive a legally

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ahand5° ,9, regular “when bond! Mr. Shinn guarantees that he will make good any loss by

puildinizB with n i the returning cost of lightning rods it buildings are damaged by light- or the nu'

card! "Sequah Vane 5 ning after his rods are put up!





A Single Stroke. of Lightning i Will ’.Wipe

Out Unprotected Home and Property That

Represent the Savings ~ of a Lifetime!





_ Visit your dealer at the first opportunity and thoroughly examine

a 1910 Shinn Heavy Pure Copper '- Cable Lightning Rod.

See its pure copper cable-3 cable strengthe-eaeh one a lightning

Inspect the center “Strand—rthe big one—





maximum of electrical carrying





power! - N o lightning bolt is too strong or too big for this wonder-

,ful rod to shoot it straight down into the earth! That 's the superior-





 





HeavyPure’ Capper‘ Gable

LIGHINING _ RODS)





Name on the end of every re” of cable





do when the sun is shining, but think of the serious

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are counting time! Then is when you need the very

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Don’tvwait until after the storm to get this absolute

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$7 5,000.00 Bond Backs Shinn’s Guarantee!





The editor of this paper will be glad to tell you about Mr. Shinn's

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friends! That $75,000 bond guarantees and assures you. when

you get Shinn Rods of your dealer. that every guarantee in this ’

or any other Shinn advertisement will be fulfilled to the letter!

Who but an honest. reliable business man would dare back up

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_ _ ‘ unificant coat of Shinn Rods your home and

buildings are insured forever against Fire from Lightning!





 





er-

“$313531: tgeaytegr lthgt fla 5mg; us

igggrtg‘d Etglish Hackney horse.

“Sggg 131‘: and other vanes at your





dealer's-





 

 

 

 





Thunderstorm Machine

Strong Proof!





Every dealer who sells Shinn’r Copper Cable Rod; has Shinn'l

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ing equipped with Shinn Rods can be struck by lightning. If

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Lightning Arrester Guards

Your Telephone





Shinn Lightning Arrester for telephones makes it possible.

without the least trouble or danger. to use the ’phone during

any storm. Your dealer will attach the arrester on the outside

of your home. Lightning may run for miles along the wires.



but the instant it nears the arrester it is sidetracked and shot

straight into the ground! Terrific bolts are made harmle 3!

Don’t depend on the mica fuse in the ’phone! Lightning bo ts

that leap five miles from the sky to earth aren't going to stop

because the fuse hasdisconnected the ’phone! They jump clear

across the gap and into the ’phone. ,

Scientific investigations prove the Shinn Lightning Anerter

in the only absolutely sure way to balk the bolts! Your 'phone

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In protected against fire caused by lightning. Address





w. c. SHINN

128 North 16th Street





 





 

 

 

 

   





Free Book:





“ Lightnin

HOW, ‘0 Coil-id





   

 

 





 

 





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'OPiif-tyg ° “upon win (2) Lincoln, Neb.

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analyzed and found to contain 99.86 per cent.

A. D. W





copper. PROF. Innoi'i‘ie //

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get cent. My assistant checked.





obta ned the same figure.





99 8 per cent. . //fi





oratory.





 

 

 





Shinn Rod Cable

99.88"]o Pure Copper





Mr. Shinn has set the scientific world by the ears!

His work of research has gained for him the title of / /

Conqueror of Lightning. Learned college professors /

who devote their Mes to this subject are amazed at /





his success. Ameng their investigations they ana-

' i

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lyzed the copper in the cable used in Shinn Rods.





Here are the results of a few: ,

University of Minnesota.





//’/





The sample of copper cable sent to me has been





State University of Iowa.

The sample of copper cable. upon analysis,

ly pure copper. since I





d it contains 99.88 per cent co r.

PROF w. J. mii’é’mm





Univeratt of Nebra rice.





I have made an an ysls of the ’ 7

copper wire. using every precaution w‘ C. SHIN”! .

to guard against error. op- Lincoln, Neb.





per present was found to be 99





e results by running





an /

anal sis independently and / /,

///’

PROF. S. AVERY. I

assays; %///





 

 

 

   





////'





 

   





-I" _

COUPON





Please send your book,

“Lightning and How to

Control ‘It,” and also name

/ nearest dealerwhere Thun-

derstorm Machine can be seen.





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