_ dollar , wheat. Wisdom suggests that the 1922 EH50 WEEKLY. VOL. CLVII. No. 5 Whole Number 4159 DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1921 ONE YEAR $1.00 FIVE YEARS $1.00 Can You CUt Wheat Production Costs? 'EC‘OIZOMZIZ‘S Say Tflat Cort of Productzmz Must Come Down; 0‘06 F. 167256” Tel/s You How 272 M15 flrtzc/e. CONOMISTS believe that me E coming year holds more of prom- ise to the farmer than the past, because either the price of farm prod- ucts must rise or the price of com- modities purchased by the farm must decline still further. Even though the first of these‘probabilities should oc- cur, it is doubtful whether we shall ever see $2.20 wheat, barring unfore- seen contingencies. , 'In fact, President Jardine of the Kansas Agricultural College, makes the statement that wheat in the next few years must be produced at $1.00 per bushel. He goes further. in saying that the man who cannot raise wheat at less than one had better stop producing wheat crop be produced on this basis —$1.00 per bushel—cutting the costs wherever possible. It is not always easy to reduce the costs, but all the signs indicate that every means must be taken to lower the cost of producing, not one acre of wheat, but one bushel of wheat. In this statement is implied the fact that higher acre cost does not neces- sarily increase the cost per bushel. This is admirably illustrated in some cost-aCcpunting work by the Farm Management Department of'the Kan- sas Agricultural College on sixty typ— ical wheat farms in 1918. few cents an acre to treat the seed for smut, or it may cost a dollar an acre more to use a better variety of wheat, but the increase will far more than pay for the additional expense. Two Hundred Pounds Acid Phosphate Likewise the expenditure of two to five dollars per acre for fertilizer may Rotation of Yield and Acre-cost to Cost Per Bushel. No. of Yield per Acre. Farms. Fifteen bushels or less. . . . . . .. 12 Fifteen to twenty bushels... .. 35 Twenty bushels or more...... 13 The cost of producing twenty-two bushels per acre was $2.20 per acre more than where the yield was thir. teen bushels, but the bushel-cost was reduced from $1.90 to $1.21. Reduction of costs does not imply the omission of such practices as are known to be consistent with good farming. For instance, it may cost a prove highly profitable. The proper Aver. Aver. Aver. Yield. Cost. Cost. Acre. Bush. Acre 13.31 $1.90 $25. 62 17.95 1.47 26. 67 22.28 1.21 27.82 use of the right kind of fertilizer is one of the best ways to increase yield and reduce production costs. Our var- ious experiment stations have secured increases of sixty to one hundred and fifty bushels of wheat for a ton of fer- tilizer. In addition to actual increases in yield, the quality of the grain is im- proved, often amounting to a. differ- ence of several pounds per bushel. The quality of the wheat resulting through the use of fertilizer grades higher and commands a higher price. The Michigan Experiment Station to Acre Increased Yield Nearly 10 Bu. has conducted many experiments on the use of fertilizers with striking re- sults, bot-h in increaSed yield and im- proved quality. In a test in Cass coun- ty, lime alone gave 8.26 bushels, while lime and complete fertilizer produced a. yield of 23.2 bushels. In Kalamazoo county the following results were ob- tained—no treatment, 28.07 bushels; 200 pounds acid phosphate per acre, 38.03 bushels. Another test in Cass county compared acid phosphate with complete fertilizer, and resulted as fol- lows: Lime and acid phosphate, 24.11 bush- els; lime, sodium nitrate and acid phosphate, 30.26 bushels; lime and complete fertilizer, 31.61 bushels. The Hessian fly is a. serious prob- lem in some sections of the state. It is well known that wheat growing in rich fertile soil withstands Hessian fly attacks much better than that grow- ing in poor soil. Out of this knowledge has come the practice of sowing at a. safe date, and fertilizing to make stronger wheat that is better able to withstand the attacks of the fly. To put it simply, the fertilizer acts as a crop insurance against. excessive fly injury. The best example of this may be found in the famous Ohio five—year rotation experiments at Wooster, Ohio. Plots in this experiment are now in their twenty-eighth year. The years 1895, 1896, 1899, 1900, 1901,1911 and 1912 were what is known as Hes- sian fly years, in which the injury from this pest was serious. In most of these years the unfertilized wheat was a total failure, or not worth har- vesting. The average yield was three bushels per acre. On the plot receiv- ing complete fertilizer the average yields for these same years was 14.6 bushels—an average increase for the fertilizer of 11.6 bushels. In eighteen non~Hessian fly years the average in- crease due to fertilizer was 13.0 bush- els per acre. Rain, dry weather, Hessian fly in- festation—any one of these may cause delay in seeding. Fertilizer, by giv- ing the young wheat plants a quick start, makes up for lost time, and pro- duces heavy tops, and more extensive root systems, which protect the plants from winter injury. On an average, one out of every ten acres sown to winter wheat in the United States is each year abandoned on account of winter injury. The effect of fertilizer on maturity is usually marked. Fertilized wheat ripens earlier, which often prevents injury from rust, scab, or other dis‘ eases. Finally, the residual effect on clover is often more than enough to pay for the fertilizer. Clover 1s won- (Continued on page 100). Experiment Station Long-time Tests, the Three Most Famous Wheat Plots in the World. To the Left, Plot 1, no Treatment; Center, Plot 2, , Acid Proephate, to. the Right, Plot 17, complete Fertilizer. . , \ I. B. WATERBUR Y . . All . Canadian subscription ' Published Weekly Established 1843 Copyright 192! The Lawrence Publishing Co. Editors and Proprietors 1832 laFayette Boulevard Deficit. Michigan TELEPnoxn CHERRY 8384 NE W YORK OFFICE-95 Madison Ave. CHICAGO OFFI CE—l 1W. Washing ton St. CLEVELAND OFFICE-10114013 Oregon Ave" N. E PHILADELPHIA OFFICE-261-263 South Third 3.2. ' 31.1. LAWRENCE ............................... President ‘i‘ni’éé'di’xvx‘fb‘ii‘iiofm" “”3233“... in H.N CE ...... secretary I. R. WATERBURY .......................... BURT WERMUTH .......................... :AL'I‘A LAWSON Ll'I‘TEL L FRANK A WILKI‘ ‘ N. -. Associate Editors .--..-L Business Manager TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION One Year, 52 issues ...................................... $1.00 Years. 156 issues ................................. 82 Five Years. 260 issues Sent postpaid sue a year extra for postage RATES OF ADVERTISING 55 cents per line agate ty measurement or 87. 70 per ineh(l4awateliues per inc ) per-insertion. No advertis- ment inserted for loss than $1.6» each insertion No objectionable advertisements inserted at any time. rs Association and Member Standard Farm Pa ir culation. Audit Bureau of Entered as Second Class Matter at. the Post Office at Detroit, Michigan Under the Act of March 3,1879 VOLUME CLVII. NUMBER FIVE DETROIT, JULY 30, 1921 CURRENT COMMENT HE publication of the new census figures on farm mort- gages has excited a great deal of press comment, in which the editorial writers have analyzed them from many and varied points of view. These figures show that farm mortgage indebtedness in the United States has increased from $1, 720,172,- 851 in 1910, to $4,012,711,213 in 1920. As is the case with most statistics, these figures can be used in support of many theories, depending upon their application. One thing which they should prove conclusively to the often misguided urban resident, is the evident fact that the farmers of the country were not war profiteers, and that the comparatively high range of prices which they enjoyed for their products during the war period did not compensate for the handicap of the added cost of production incidental to that period. But the story of this increase in the farm mortgage indebtedness of the country is not complete without a knowledge of how the money was ex- pended, which knowledge statistics do not afford us. No doubt a considerable percentage of this increase represents purchase money for land bought by new investors in the industry during this period. A great deal of farm land has been purchased by city business men and speculators all over the coun- try during the tenyear period covered by these figures, and a large percent- age oi' this class of investors borrowed money on this available security to use in other lines of business. In oth- er cases established farmers increased their holdings of land to some extent, as is apparent from the reduction of the number of farms in most states, including Michigan. In still other cas- es the money has been used for im- provements, which were more costly than ever before, but wnich may have increased the earning power of the land so as to make the investment a. profitable one. There is a marked par- allel between the percentage of in- crease in mortgage indebtesness and the increase in farm land values, which was 117.6 per cent'during the same period. From a sound economic standpoint, assuming that the money represented The Growth of Farm Mortgages 'by this increase in mortgage indebted- ness was used for investment purpos- es rather than to, liquidate current ex- penses, the loss to the borrowers, if ‘ - loss there be, will accrue to them in f the shrinkage of values which has oc- curred since, these one were. made, ' or which may occur before they are , paid. As a. matter of fact. this propor- tion of increase in indebtedness is probably far less than the increase in- commercial obligations during the same period, and it is a fairly safe bet- that the borrowers have more liberty bonds as a liquid asset than have any like number of commercial debtors. The increase in farm mortgage indebt- edness should be looked upon as one of the results of inflation, rather than as an evidence of a permanent decline in the economic status of American agriculture. UCH interest has been shown The BeSt in th e, agricultural N “rage" possibilities of the Factory new process of man- ufacturing nitrates. through the fixation of atmOSpheric nitrogen by an electrical process. This interest was revived by the proposi- tion that the government should oper- ate the large factory built at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, by the federal gov- ernment for the manufacture of ni- trates for war purposes, for the pro- duction of nitrates to be used for fer- tilizing purposes. It has again been revived by the proposal of Henry Ford to purchase the Muscle Shoals development from the government un- der contract to operate it as a fer- tilier plant and hold it as a reserve source of supply for the government for one hundred years. While there is no question regard ing the desirability of the use of chem- ical nitrogen for special purposes in the growing of crops, yet as a main dependence the general farmer in possible and most economic factory for the manufacmre of needed nitro-‘~ gen right where it is needed for the use of succeeding crops. Nature has made a wonderful provision to' this end in the power given to leguminous plants through the bacteria for which they act as host to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil while producing a profitable forage crop for their grow- er. Every farmer knows this, but in too many cases their soils have gotten into an acid condition which is unfav- orable for the development of the hi trogen~fixing bacteria. Their nitrogen factories are “down,” to use the com- mercial term to designate an idle fac- tory. They should be put into com- mission again at the earliest- possible date by the use of lime and green ma- nure crops where needed. This is un- doubtedly the best investment which any farmer can make who finds that the clovers are failing to “catch” well on his land. It will pay to go to con- siderable expense for soil‘correctives and chemical fertilization to accom- plish this result, which‘is possible of accomplishment on every soil where 1e- gumes have been successfully grown. THE WOO‘L TARIFF. HE present tariff bill as passed by the house is far from satisfactory to wool growers. Like the skirting clause in the Payne-Aldrich bill, the thirty-five per cent ad valorem prop osition is the disturbing element. This means around three and a half cents per pound on quarter-blood wools. At the present time seedy, burry quarter-blood wools are being bought Detroit Area Dairymcn Meet MASS meeting of delegates from A locals of the Michigan Milk Pro- ducers’ Association in the De— troit area was held in Detroit on Fri- day, July 22, with a large attendance. The primary purpose of calling the meeting was to permit the representa- tives of one of the large distributors to present a plea for the lowering of the July price to meet the conditions with which they are confronted in the way of/reduced consumption and con- saq/nent surplus. This plea was first made to the officers of the association who refused to consider it on the ground that the contract now running to the end of October was entered into by agreement with the distribut- ors, on the latter’s suggestion as to the period for which the contracts should run, after they had refused to go, ahead on the plan of having the price fixed from month to month by the milk commission on the plan which had been followed for the past three years. The officers of the asso- ciation agreed, however, to call the mass meeting and give the representa- tives of this distributor a chance to present their plea to the producers direct. ‘ Messrs. Kennedy and Dessert ap— peared for the Detroit Creamery Com- pany, the only distributors who made a plea for a change in the contract terms. They failed to convince the delegates present, just as they had failed to convince the ofiicers of the association that the terms of the con- tract should be changed, the opinion of the producers being unanimous on this point. Michigan Dairy Company Plans Dis- cussed. The plans previously noted in these columns for the establishment of a model factory for the manufacture of fancy dairy products, probably at Ad- rian, with the idea of later establish- ing other Similar factories around the outside of the Detroit Milk shed were then taken up. and further explained by President Hull. of the association. Helmer Rabild, dairy expert formerly of Michigan, and for many years with the Dairy Division of the United States Department of Agriculture, under whose supervision the plans are being developed, and Attorney Gittings, un- der whose guidance the plan of incor- poration was developed. Mr. A. J. Glover, editor of Hoard’s Dairyman, was present at the meet- ing and made a powerful plea for the development of a chain of high-grade factories about the Detroit area as' a means of developing a degree of inde- pendence on the part of the producers of milk and enabling them to make a fair bargain for the production of mar- ket milk in future years. He cited the history of the dairy development in the Elgin district, which was one of prosperous development so long as the local factories were maintained and changed to an era of discouragement and difficulty when these factories were allowed to decline and there was no other outlet for the market milk supply. He called attention to the fact that the‘milk producers of Wis- consin have no such market problem to solve, on account of the great num~ ber of cheese factories and creameries in the state. Hon. Milo D. Campbell, president of the National Milk Producers’ Associa~ tion was also present, and told the delegates what his organization has been doing to secure adequate protec- tion for dairy products in the new tar- iff bill. Mr. Campbell and his associ- ates have also been active in promot- ing the Volstead bill which will permit collective bargaining.’ Before closing the session, the dele- gates adopted a resolution condemning the manufacture and sale of filled milk, as a milk substitute and favoring the Fordney bill,‘which would license the manufacturers of this product and im- pose a tax on same. They also en- dorsed the plan for the establishment of a factory at Adrian, to, be, the first of a chain about the Detroit milk shed by a practically unanimous vote. ,1Chiga9'.ahd Other 8 of m g , ..country has right 31;.th the best can flag take fifteen per cent reduction ' carbonized in Germany and ‘ and laid dOWn in the United States “for twenty cents per pound, scoured basis. The duty of not to exceed thirty-five per cent ad valorem would make the tariff on this wool three and a half cents per pound. To understand how this is done one has but to note the value of the :pound sterling in our money. Three dollars and fifty-eight cents will purchase a. pound sterling, of $4.83 face value, or at a discount of' twenty-five per cent. The $3.58 sent to South America will buy sixty-nine pounds of wool because seven cents per pound is divided into $4.83 and .not into $3.58, which would be fifty-one pounds bought at the same price here. So the transaction starts in with eighteen pounds more wool from South America. With this ad- vantage, and wages measured in our money, of seventy-five cents per day, we are in no wise protected by the proposed- tariff. This same situation is approximate- .ly true of every European country. Where the exchange is not at a parity European countries are not particu- larly worried about our tariffs as long as the exchange neutralizes the duty we levy. There is now on hand enough wool to last two years in the United States, and as the emergency bill extends only until late this fall, there is strong possibilities that we may have a pe‘ riod of free wool. This will be the op- portunity for more foreign wool to come in. If the delay in passing the tariff bill occurs, or if it is not given immediate effect, then the imports will be enormous. It should be the busi- ness of the senate to amend the tariff bill as it came from the house and make a flat rate per pound on wool of eleven to fifteen cents per pound with- out any limitation by ad valorem dut- ies. The emergency tariff met no emergenCy in wool because foreign wools were brought in and the damage was already done. The inadequate protection afforded by the proposed tariff bill win be of little benefit to the sheepman. So great is the resentment that a meet- ing of wool men has been called by the American Farm Bureau to meet in Chicago August 2, and make a fight for just treatment—J. N. MCBRIDE. News of the Week Wednesday, July 20. NE thousand convicts in the west- ern Pennsylvania penitentiary started rioting and set fire to prison. Eight were killed in an effort by the guards to quell the riot.—Sixteen-year~ old Brooklyn boy will recover after having four stitches taken in his beat- ing heart—Henry Ford’s railroad, the D., T. & I. reduces freight rates twen- ty per cent—Payment on Michigan soldiers’ bonus has started. Checks will be mailed at the rate of one thou- sand a day—Bureau of Labor report shows that employment conditions im- proved during June—Five are victims of the Ku Klux Klan in Texas—A sud- den clap of thunder cauSed the revival of shell shock symptoms in Oklahoma soldier.—The city commission of Bay City wipes old blue laws off books. Thursday, July 21. EPORTS from Tokio indicate that Japan is about to evacuate Sibe- ria—Philadelphia police department makes successful experiment with a gas to quell mobs. The gas leaves no bad after effects—Over 45.000 appli- cations for patents were filed at Wash- ington during the first six months of this year.—The Michigan legislature repeals auto headlight law requiring special lens.—-The recent census re- ports show that there are one hundred and ten men to every one hundred women. It also shows that the negro population has increased two hundred and fifty per cent since 1910 .—Deck ofilcers of ships sailing under Ameri- in wages. —Kalamazoo county sh report slim thirty times men agcwomep HoUGH the soil is the basis of the support of all animal and ' vegetable life, it has been gen- erally regarded by those who have not studied it as an uninteresting inani- mate substance devoid of scientific in- terest; on the contrary, however, fer- tile soils are veritable laboratories teeming with myriads of living organ- isms of great variety, many of which aid directly in the production of avail- able plant foods. These same soils during the growing seasons especially become active natural chemical labor- atories producing results beyond com- prehension. Then the science of phys- ics has an important relationship to the physical condition of the soil, which the farmer may influence and in some measure control, and which may materially stimulate or retard, both chemical and bacterial activities. To those who give the matter little thought, chemistry, bacteriology, phys- ics and entomology have little signifi- cance in their relationship to agricul- ture. Hence we propose to summarize briefly the results achieved at the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion by its workers in these sciences since the time of its establishment in 51887. What the Bacteriologist Has Done for the Michigan Farmer; A specially trained bacteriologist, Dr. C. R. Marshall, was the first in this profession to become associated with the work of the veterinary de— partment of the station about. 1896. The work at first included investiga- tions relating to animal diseases, par- ticularly tuberculosis and several problems relating to dairying. Two or three years later, however, a bacte— riological department was established and in 1903 a commodious laboratory was erected and equipped until it was miexcelled in the country. The first publications of results ap- peared in 1887, four bulletins in all, by the end of that year. Up to the pres ent time the bacteriological .depart- ment has published over sixty bulle- tins giving results from the investiga- tion of a great variety of problems re- lating to agriculture. Twenty of these bulletins related to tuberculosis of cattle and foWls, contagious abortion, hog cholera, and foot-and-mouth dis- ease, etc., and were referred to in the second series of articles. As already intimated, bacterialogical investigations are basic to the Solu- tion of soil fertility problems. The initial bulletin by Marshall, No. 139, dated 1896, was entitled “Bacteria— What They Are, What They Do and How They Are_Cultivated.” This has been followed by over twenty bulletins giving the results of investigations re- lating to dairy problems including the following, viz.: Ropiness in cream and milk, bacteria and the dairy, pasteuriz- ing milk, a popular discussion of pure milk supply, gassy curd and cheese, aeration of milk, care and handling of milk, discussion of the milk problem from the standpoint of production, practical use of starters, associative action of bacteria on the souring of milk, lactic cultures for dairy purposa es, keeping qualities of butter, cream ripening, pasteurization and the influ- ence of certain acid-destroying yeasts upon lactic bacteria. , . Several bulletins presented the re- sults of investigations relating to soil fertility and fertilizer problems and were mentioned in the third article of the series. Other subjects reported on included the following, viz.: Some es- s'ential soil changes caused by micro- ‘ sins, solvent action of soil bac- atural Solcnccs Do for Farmers By 16.8. 554212, Dzrector Mzc/zzgan Expemmmt Siam” bone meal and natural raw rock phos~ phate, bacterial action in soil as a function of grain size and moisture content, nitrogen- -fixing bacteria, pure cultures of bacteria for alfalfa and other legumes. As early as 1912, the bacterialogical department was mak- ing and supplying. nitro-cultures to farmers at a cost of about twenty-five cents for sufficient material to treat one bushel of seed. This action gave the farmer protection against the commercialist who was then charging at the rate of $2.00 per acre, or over thirty times ,as much. Still other lines of bacteriological investigations included: Bacteriolog- ical diseases of plants prevalent in Michigan, influence of the products of . lactic organisms on bacillus typhosus, bacterial diseases of the June beetle larvae, study of heat resistant organ- isms in cold-packed canned peas, vin- egar making, etc. Dr. C. E. Marshall, the founder of the Michigan Agricultural College Bac- Farmers’ Auto Tour Plans By J. H. Brown HEN the tourists gather in the George B. Horton meadow on his large and fine farm at Fruit Ridge, on. Sunday afternoon, August 7, it will be a wonderful sight. Besides over seven hundred and fifty tourists there will be several thousand people in southern Michigan who are plan- ning to meet us there on Monday, August 8, for a big Grange and Farm Bureau Celebration. The mayor and city officials of Adrian, the Adrian Chamber of Commerce, under the leadership of Secretary Sletten, will join with us in the day’s program and the Adrian City Band will play all day. In fact, that city and Lenawee county will be our hosts, and our tour official chairman of the program committee, George B. Horton, Will act as chief mogul, master of ceremonies and host- in— chief to us all. This great automobile tour camp on the Horton Farm will stand for some time as the most unique and enjoy- able agricultural round-up ever held in the country. Brother Horton was Mas- ter of Michigan State Grange for eighteen consecutive years and is one of the most prominent and beloved of Michigan’s progressive and energetic farmers. The afternoon program on Monday at the Horton Farm will be somewhat varied in detail and topics. Brother Horton will preside and will be assist- ed by Master A. B. Cook, of the State Grange; Burt Wermuth of the Michi— gan Farmer, and Mrs. Dora H. Stock- man. There will be three or four mov- ing picture machines in the tour all along the route, and they will be in operation Sunday and Monday evening 'at Fruit Ridge. When the cars drive into the Hort- on camp they will line up into three sections facing the camp square, an open space sixty-six feet wide and three hundred feet long. The front of the camp will be on the south end of the meadow and back of the Fruit Ridge Grange hall, and a few rods northwest of the Horton Farm resi- dence. The right and left sections or wings will have four rows of short stakes, each row parallel, thirty-three feet apart and each row three hundred feet long. Stakes in each row will be twenty feet apart, thus giving that much space frontage along the row for each car, tent and equipment. At the rear of these rows will be a driveway thirty-three feet wide cross- ing at a right angle to the rows in the right and left wings. Back of this driveway will be four rows, each thir- ty-three feet apart and 280 feet long. Stakes in each row twenty feet apart. Cars in the rear section or wing will face directly to the south. On Monday morning, August 8, the Adrian officials have arranged to send out to our camp a milk wagon, ice wagon, and a big gasolene tank truck. This plan will be followed all along the route. We have prepared official grocery and meat order blanks in pads for each car in the tour. Orders will be made out and sent ahead to the committee in charge at the next camp. When we reach that camp the deliv- ery truck will stand in the center of the camp waiting for us. Each car owner will have his name and car number on his order blank and this will be wrapped with his package so that he can quickly get his groceries and meat and start dinner in short order. The tourists can arrange with the folks at home to receive their mail in camp along the way. Mail should reach the Cleveland post oflice by Thursday morning, August 11, and be addressed to “General Manager Michi- gan Farmers’ Automobile Tour.” In- structions for later delivery will be given the tourists at the Horton Farm There will be a number of contests during the tour and valuable prizes will be awarded. Prizes range from $5.00 to $75. ' The tour windshield records will be sent to car owners before the time of starting. There is still room for a few more cars. teriological Department, continued in charge until 1912. His name appears on no less than a dozen and a half of the bulletins during his period of office. ‘ In times past many people have been inclined to associate botany with ‘ the study of flowers only, something attracting mainly the fairer sex and those devoted through fancy to the specialty. On the other hand, how- ever, botany, through its important branch of plant pathology (plant dis. eases) has become a science of great importance to the farmer by way of affording means of relief from diseases of his field crops, orchard and small fruits, garden plants and even roots and tubers grown in the soil. The farmer is now confronted with plant diseases more or less frequently in connection with everything he grows. For purposes of illustration: The wheat, oats, rye and barley crops in Michigan last year totaled 84,647,000 bushels; the losses to which these crops may be subjected in a single year may rise in fields or localities to as high as twenty per cent from smuts alone, depending on seasonal conditions and lack of treatment for prevention. The pathological botanist after investigating these disease or- ganisms has given to the farmer meth- ods of prevention easy to apply if he will but use them. Between 1892 and the present, no less than seven bulle- tins relating‘to prevention of grain smuts were issued accompanied annu- ally with suggestions in the press. Michigan has long been one of the leading bean producing states of the country; during years of unfavorable weather conditions the losses run high from bacteriosis and anthracnose. Pathologists of the department of hot- any have spent much time investigat- ing these two diseases and published their findings in 1914 and 1917. The problem is still unsolved in part. Michigan is a great potato state. Last year ’s crop was reported at 35,- 700,000 Many people rely on this crop as their principal source of rev- enue and yet tops, stems and tubers ale menaced in their growth by many f'o1ms of plant diseases. The Michi- gan Agxicultu1al College plant path- ologists have long been busy investi- gating potato diseases and disseminat- ing inimmation relative to their con- trol and p1evention. Several bulletins have been issued, most notable among which were two by Dr. Coons on Mich‘ igan Potato Diseases. The spiay calf endars distributed annually have near- ly always contained information relat~ ing to the p1evention of potato dis- eases. Michigan is noted for orchard fruit production with the following rating compaied with other states, viz.: All Oichaid fluits, third; apples, second; peaches, fifth, pears, third, plums ninth; chenies, fourth; grapes, third; and small f1uits, fourth. Almost with» out exception these horticultural prod- ucts are subject to possible attack f1om plant diseases which may cause gleat loss. The plant pathologist of the botanical department is the scien- tist who investigates and has produc» ed so many valuable preventive or con» t1ol measures. For more than two dec- ades the botanist, entomologist and ‘ horticulturist have either singly or in -‘ cooperation furnished to the farmer and fruit grower the latest informa- I tion relating to spraying. Michigan grows a very large variety of crops, fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, nur- ‘ sery stocks, flowers, etc. All of these are subject to the ravages of plant (Continued on page 108). ' ~ LATE AGRICULTURAL NEWS FRUIT enowsns PLAN AUTO TOUR. ' HE Michigan State Horticultural Society has planned its annual auto tour to take place in Mason and Oce- ana counties, August 3-4, where there are some very interesting fruit sec- tions. Some of the best fruit growers in the state live in these counties and a visit to their farms will prove inter- esting and instructive. These counties also report very good crops of fruit, an unusual thing this year. The tourists will assemble at the Graham experimental fruit farms at Grand Rapids at noon, Tuesday, Aug- ust 2, for lunch. At two o’clock they will leave for Shelby and other points in Oceana and Mason counties. Wed- nesday will be spent in Oceana county and Thursday in Mason. FILLED MILK INVESTIGATION. REPRESENTATIVE of a filled milk concern, with several plants in Michigan, asserted that while only eight million pounds of butter-fat were replaced with cocoanut oil last year, in the production of filled milk, if left unhampered the business will grow to vast proportions. The inevitable re- sult will be, as one congressman point- ed out, that there will be an over-sup- ply of butterfat on the market, forcing down the price of butter, and condens- ed whole milk will be crowded out of the market by the cheaper filled product. AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS IN— VESTIGATED.‘ PEN sessions of the joint commis- Osion to investigate the condition of agriculture closed on July 16, since which time several executive sessions have been held. Some interesting sta- tistics were given during the hearing by‘ Dr. Friday of the University of Michigan on the banking situation and the purchasing power of the farmers. It was shown by Dr. Friday that in 1899 the value of the product per per- son employed in agriculture was $340; in 1909, $550 and in 1919, $1,540, while the value of the product per person in manufacturing in 1899 was $930; in 1909, $1,100, and in 1919, $2,500. All persons in agricultural pursuits over fourteen years of age Were counted. In manufacturers’ salaried clerks, lab- orers and owners who work in the bus- iness were included in making these estimates. The banks, both state and national, earned an average of ten per cent on total capital since 1870. FORD N ITRATE PLANT PROPOSAL. HE proposal of Henry Ford for the utilization-0f the Muscle Shoals nitrate plant has completely discredit- ed the claims of the nitrate interests that. the plant at Muscle Shoals is of little commercial value. Mr. Ford of- fers to buy the plant for $5,000,000 and take a one hundred year lease on the dam when completed, at $1,500,000 a year. He proposes to manufacture ag- ricultural fertilizer, limiting the profits to eight per cent, an independent board embodying representatives of the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion, the National Fanners’ Union and the National Grange to certify the maximum. Mr. Ford’s proposition has been transmitted by Secretary of Commerce Hoover to Secretary of War Weeks, _ and the matter is being investigated by Secretaries Hoover, Weeks and Mellon. Since Mr. Ford’s proposal was announced, Secretary Hoover says that a number of chemical and power companies are considering the Muscle Shoals proposition. LETTING ALFALFA GO TO SEED. OT,.dry weather. has made condi- tions especially favorable for al- falfa seed— production, and while in the past the sacrifice of the hay crop has not been justified, many growers are taking advantage of the opportunity f0r harvesting seed this year. In response to inquiries Professor Cox has advised that enough acreage be allowed to go to seed to furnish an ample supply for plantings on individ ual farms next spring. From two to four bushels may be expected where a heavy bloom is noticed, he says. How-‘ ever, it has not yet been demonstrated that alfalfa seed production is on a. commercial basis in Michigan. “The unusual,success of alfalfa dur- ing the last several years, combined with present market conditions for general crops, makes it appear advis- able for Michigan farmers greatly to extend their plantings of alfalfa,” says Professor Cox. “This is particularly true on soils which were hard run dur- ing the war years." Farm Bureau Elevator Exchange Michigan State Farm Bureau Ele- vator Exchange as a commodity organization, to be operated in affilia- tion with the State Farm Bureau in- stead of as a department, was voted July 19 by delegates representing ninety-three member elevators at the first annual meeting of the organiza- tion, held at the Michigan Agricultural College. The action was taken in accordance with the commodity .control plan adopted by the State Farm Bureau at its third annual meeting early last February and was the direct result of joint recommendations made July 12, 1921, by the State Farm Bureau ex- ecutive committee and the elevator exchange board of control. Other changes made by the dele- gates in the rules and regulations gov- erning the exchange provided that the elevator organization shall hereafter be known as the Michigan Elevator Exchange and that the board of con- trol shall be increased from seven to nine members and shall be known hereafter as the board of directors. Principal offices of the exchange shall continue to be located in Lansing. With the increase noted in the board of directors, it was decreed that eight of the directors should be elect- ed by elevator members and that one should be appointed by the State Farm Bureau, all to serve for two years ex- cept four delegates elected in 1921 to serve for one year. Directors were elected at the meet- ing and they in turn organized by re- electing James Nicol, of South Haven, president of the Elevator Exchange, and re-electing Carl Martin, of Cold- water, as secretary: W. E. Phillips, of Decatur, a strong Elevator Ex- change man, was elected vice—presi- dent. The directors are as follows: Two years, M. R. Shisler, of Cale- donia; W. E. Phillips, of Decatur; B. H. Ellis, of Albion; George McCalla, of Ypsilanti. One year, Herb Horton, of Kinde; Carl Martin, of Goldwater; John Nicol- son, of Marlette; Jacob Landis, of Scottville. James Nicol, of South Hav- en, president of the State Farm Bu- reau, represents the farm bureau on the board. New rules and regulations for the exchange provide that the president, vice-president and secretary shall con- stitute the executive committee of the exchange and shall have the active management of the business affairs of the exchange in the interim between the regular quarterly meetings of the board of directors, subject to such lim- itations as the board may impose on the committee. The executive committee shall meet at Lansing on the third Tuesday of each month at the exchange office in Lansing. Secretary Martin has au- thorized Secretary Brody, of the State Farm Bureau, to act as Michigan Ele- vator Exchange secretary during Mr. Martin’s absence from the Lansing office. Resolutions addressed to Michigan members in congress asked defeat of a. proposed senate amendment to the Capper—Tincher grain marketing bill which would prevent all but dealers in contract markets from enjoying the News From Cloverland By L. 11. C/zase GOGEBIC COUNTY FARMERS WILL HOLD PICNIC. OGEBIC county farmers plan the biggest picnic ever, to be held on. the Ironwood fair grounds early in August. It may be held on a Sunday to insure a large attendance. Speak- ers from the Michigan Agricultural College and elsewhere are to be in attendance. A SUCCESSFUL COW-TESTING ASSOCIATION. HE Gogebic County Cow-testing Association has completed its year’s work, and Mr. Gunderson ad- vises that the practice of keeping ac- count of each cow’s output, which has featured the work of this association, should be maintained. The associa- tion has a goodly number of cows, re- ports the agent, which have yielded over two/hundred and fifty pounds or butter-fat in the year. A'less number have gone better than three hundred and fifty pounds, and a few four'hun- dred and fifty pounds during the past year. It is deemed wise that cows not reaching the two hundred and fifty pound mark should be got rid of. CLOVERLAND WILD BERRY CROP. HE Calumet Chamber of Com- merce is certain that a new can- nery for the canning of wild berries grown in that vicinity, is to 'be estab- lished there this summer, says the News. Containers have been ordered in quantity and operations are due soon. The upper peninsula produces enormous quantities of wild berries—- red raspberries, blueberries, straw- berries, and what our people common- ly call the “thimble—berry," but what the botanists style the “salmon-ber- ry,” or the “white flowered raspberry,” —the latter not found in southern lower Michigan. At Calumet berries will be bought directly from the pick? ers, whoever they may be, and paid ' for immediately in cash, it is stated. They will be handled at specified re- (Continued on page 101),, leased wire market quotations service. On July 12 the State Farm ‘Bureau executive committee adopted .a similar resolution charging that the amend- ment is an attempt to cut the throats of cooperative marketing associations by withholding from them legitimate marketing information. Another resolution, similarly ad- dressed, asked for a high tariff on beans to protect Michigan growers from Oriental competition. It was re- ferred to the board of directors for. correlation with the State Farm Bu- ? reau resolution asking for retention of he present emergency tariff rate on beans of two Cents per pound. It is understood that the house ways and means committee has raised the pro- posed one and a half cents porposed permanent tariff . to one and three- fourths cents. NEW PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS AT M. A. C. N response to a growing demand from farmers that marketing be emphasized in the agricultural course at M. A. C., John Truman Horner has been appointed associate professor of economics, effective with the new school year. He will have complete charge of courses in marketing, re- lieving Hale Tennant, extension spe- cialist, and H. M. Eliot, professor of farm management, who have given in— struction in this subject in the past. Mr. Horner, since February 1 of this year, has been conducting special research for the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, investigating “de- terioration as an element of food mar- keting cost,” in New York City. He is a graduate of Oklahoma State Uni~ versity and of Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College. He has serv- ed as field agent for the Oklahoma State Market Commission and as in- structor in accounting at Columbia University. , SUMMER GRANGE RALLIES. T the beg‘é nning of the year the Michigan State Grange organized an extension department and have been putting on a campaign to extend and influence the membership of the grange throughout the state. One fea- ture of this campaign is a series of twenty-six regional meetings so locat- ed as to be within driving distance of every farm home. These meetings will bein the form of picnics or rallies held during the month of August. Each meeting willbe attended by the State Master, A. B. Cook; State Lecturer Dora H. Stockman, and a speaker from the National Grange. Conference of grange officers will be held at’eleven o’clock at- each meet- ing. Program in the afternoon. Ball games and other sports will close the day’s outing. Problems .of vital inter- est to farm people everywhere will be discussed at these me‘etingsv Every- body is invited. Following are the dates and loca- tions of meetings: August Ithaca. August 4, Caro, (fairgrounds). August 5, Flint, (Thread Lake Park). ' August 6, Armada, (fairgrounds. August 8, Fruit Ridge. August 9, Centerville. August Berrien Springs. August Battle Creek, (Willard’s Park). August Wall Lake. August Lowell. August Fruitport. August Reed City. August , Tanner. August Traverse grounds). August August August August August - (August 25,‘ August 27, August. 29, August 30. 31. Crystal Falls. City, (fair- Charlevoix (park). Gaylord. Alpena. West Branch. Pinconning. Coleman. Sault Ste. Marie. Manistique. . Powers. 1 AW ,.- z-n. swimmer ‘1, Ba, 383'. Grange. ‘ F _ 'The ‘U. s. CHAIN TREAD One of the few-tires of _ 'which it may be said that they deliver economy year in and year out and tire after tire. K The U. S. Chain Tread gives sufiicient traction on all ordinary road surfaces. It is probably the hand- somest, and by all. odds the s most popular, of the whole U. S. Fabric Tire line. Whose business is it to see that you get service and economy out of your tire money? How do you as a car—owner judge tire values? . Car—owners often come to U. S. Tires after they have paid too much for experience elsewhere. After a few seasons of dickering United States Tires in “bargains” and “discounts” they at last are £299! Tires find satisfaction and economy in the quality first of U. S. Tires. U. 5- USCO TREAD U. s. CHAIN TREAD U. S. NOBBY TREAD U. S. ROYAL CORD U. 5. RED & GREY TUBES ‘You’ll always find a U. S. Dealer selling a U. S. Tire with every confidence in his prod— uct. Full conscious of the value you are getting and deserve. Knowing that U. S. Tire makers stand behind every U. S. Tire with an iron—clad policy of honest manufacture and- selling methods. Li a- ; R u b her Company V - ' ‘ Two hundred and Rubber Organigaflorrjn the World ‘ ‘ » thirty-five Branches The Oldest t'md Largest INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES. Can you tell me what causes blind- neSs in young chicks? I have a flock of about 700, last May hatch, and have had several that would act sleepy at first, then a film would come over one or both eyes. At first there was no swelling or inflammation; head would be pale but no odor or pus. Later the eyes closed entirely. Branch Co. H. E. T. Chicks may have inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye and we believe it is usually caused by dusty litter or some foreign body strik- ing the eye. In such cases washing the eye with a boracic acid solution might bring relief. If the chick is in the condition long it soon becomes de~ vitalized and it is probably best to kill the bird and prevent further suffering. Blindness in chicks is often caused by respiratory infections which soon spread to the eye. Then treatment would be the same as for colds and roup. Usually the chicks that go blind are those that are weak and of less value than the average of the flock. It pays to reniove them promptly from the flock and destroy them if their condition will make treatment of little value.—-R. G. K. RASPBERRY VARIETIES. I would like to put out a half acre of raspberries and want to know if it is too late to do it this year? Also, what variety of black raspberry is best adapted for this state? St. Joseph Co. T. J. B. You are wise in planning to set out the half-acre of raspberries, as raspberries make a profitable early— season crop, but it would be advisable for you to wait until next spring be- fore setting the plants. Transplanting cannot be done suc- cessfully unless the plants are dor- mant. If you would endeavor to transplant berry bushes at this time, they would lose all of their foliage and would very likely die from the lack of moisture. If they should pull through the season, they would be so stunted that it would take a year for them to recover. It would be a good idea for you to get the ground in good shape this season and set out your plants next April or May. The most popular blackraspberry is the Cumberland. The Gregg is also a very good variety, but it is covered with a white bloom which detracts from its appearance. The Plum Farm- er is one of the newer varieties which is rapidly gaining popularity. Howev- er, if you are new in the business and do not want to experiment with new varieties, we would advise you to set the Cumberland as it will undoubtedly give you better results than any of the other varieties mentioned. THE ROSE BUG. Please inform me as to the best way to get rid of the Rose Bug. They have troubled my grape vineyard for a num- ber of years, eating the bud and blos- soms at blossoming time. Also where their eggs are laid, what becomes of the old bugs, and what attracts them to different parts of the vineyard each year? Kalamazoo Co. M. W. 'J. There are two common ways of con- trolling this insect, the one being the hand-picking of the bug, and the other by the use of a poison. Various p01— sons have been tried and the following has proven the most effective: Eight to ten pounds of arsenate of lead to one hundred gallons of water to which one gallon of molasses has been" add~ ed. The molasses is added to attract the bugs. Without this sweetening, the use of the poison has not given very good results. Besides the grape the rose bug at- tacks apples, pears, plums, blackber- ries, raspberries, and strawberries. It . /' Fruit and Péul‘try Problems also does damage to the rose and many of the wild trees, such as the sumac, elder and white thorn. The beetles emerge from the ground about the time the grapes are ready to blos- som, which is usually early in June. They remain on the vines from ten days to two weeks and then migrate to other plants then in blossom. When the female deposits the eggs, she bor. rows into the ground from three to six inches. She usually lays about twelve eggs at a time, or a total of about thirty-six during the year. Most of the eggs are deposited during the latter part of June or early in July. The female usually selects light sandy soil in which to deposit the eggs. The eggs hatch in two or three weeks. The grubs in hatching are about one-eighth inch in length and feed on decay- ing vegetable matter in the .soil. Later they attack the roots of various grass- es. They become full grown by No- vember at which time they descend to a depth of about a foot to spend the winter. The full grown grub gener- ally resembles the common white grub of the June beetle. If the beetles are very bad, a second spraying within a week may be nec- essary. Cultivating the vineyard while the insect is still in the pupal stage late in May and early in June has proven of value in keeping the bug in control. .— CAPON IZING ROOSTERS. Can roosters of a year old be capon- ized, and where can I get information and instruments for this operation? Ottawa CO. L. C. B. We would not advise the caponizing of roosters a year old. If a cockerel is six months old, the operation of caponizing is a dangerous one and does not accomplish the purposes that caponizing is intended to accomplish. The meat of a rooster a year old has all of the characteristics of rooster meat, which cannot be entirely over— come. by caponizing. Instruments for caponizing may be purchased from manufacturers, or from any large poul- try supply house. Full instructions re- garding the operation are included with each set of instruments. CARE OF MUSKMELONS. I have two acres of muskmelons. three vines in a hill and six feet apart, which are doing well. Should I pick off part of the melons when they start, or what should I do to get the best results? I have sprayed three times witha prepared spray. Is it necessary to spray any more? As your melons are doing so nicely we doubt very much the advisability of changing your method of caring for them. If you were to pick off the ear- ly melons, you would be destroying the most profitable ones, as the early melons are the ones which bring the highest price. You have plenty of plants in a hill, but the hills are set farther apart than usual so that I do not think you will have any bad re— sults from crowding. I think it advisable for you to con- tinue spraying until within about a month of ripening time as it is quite essential for good results to keep your vines free of the common melon in- sects and diseases. Prepared sprays are good and will give you desired re sults, though it may cost a little more than the homemade sprays, it is more convenient. With continued good care we are sure that your melons will turn out as well as the prospects in- dicate. The M. A. C. entomology department finds that the second brood of codling moth is three weeks early this year. Start spraying immediately it you haven’t sprayed already. The F armer's Own Company The Other Fellow’s Luck He was one of Michigan’s first farmers to purchase an automobile. And—until one fateful instance —any thought of accident was his most remote thought because, as he answered when reminded of driving hazard: ‘Why borrow trouble? Haven’t I driven for years I without mishap? I buy cars to enjoy—~not to con- tinually worry about.” But the Inevitable Happens He was recently motoring with his family to a near- by town. The roads being particularly good for a stretch, he decided to speed up a little. Directly ahead of him was a Ford Sedan, whose driver was apparently bent on keeping the lead. Suddenly— without waming——the Ford’s left front tire blew out, causing excess strain on the steering rods. Its driv- er, who had been holding the center of the road for safety, did not have sufficient time to warn the farm- er, whose car crashed into the Sedan. The Ford was over-turned and badly damaged and the farmer’s car wrecked about the hood and fenders, only a miracle sparing the occupants’ lives. The Ford Was Insured The collision was proven unavoidable, but the Sedan’ 5 owner had wisely insured his car against un- expected hazard, while the ordinarily careful farmer was compelled to pay out $200 for repairs. A U. s. FIVE‘POINT POLICY would have PROTECTED him, just as it is protect- ing thousands of other farmers today. The FULL COVERAGE NON—DEDUCTABLE POLICY that positively guards you and your car against: l-eFire 2--Theft 3--Collision 4--Property Damage 5--Liability For only $1.00 per Horse Power plus the small an- nual membership fee of $1.00. The insurance that is based upon the just settlement of all reasonable claims. If your car isn’t insured, don’ t take further risky chances. Driving 18 too fiazardou: today. Just drop Col. A. H. Gansser, Bay City, Michigan, a postal at once and learn interesting facts about U. S. FIVE POINT POLICY PROTECTION, with-' out in any way obligating yourself. 1‘ . U S Mutual Automobile Insurance Company ‘ Executive Office . Grand Rapids, Michigan Colon C. Lillie, Pres. B C Home Office ”M h ay fly, 1c 1 an F. F.McGi11nis, Sec. and Treas. g Col. A. ll. flansser, Directorapdtfieli. Mgr. ,' - k The Kings of England and Spain, and other notables, see Astor horse win at the Ascot races. a punG-v Leading batsman of the American League, Harry Heilman, Detroit. 15,000 Christian Endeavorers march in parade on Fifth Avenue, New York, during the recent convention. Parade of polo ponies before the international game in England, in which America won the trophy. Accurate clock made of bamboo, took three years to make. _.,:. .293 my , . 1g A trackless trolley car that runs like auto bus, except that it gets power from wires above. ' ). The landing of the Pilgrims is enacted at ter centenary celebration. ‘4‘ “Stubby,” forces, wins honors for heroism.. Mrs. William Moller Gilberth wins numerous honors for scientific attainments while raising a family of ten. mascot of the American cat crosses path when Lloyd George’s son gets married. Oopynuht’by Underwood I; Underwood. New York ’:______._.___._ 3:?1JLHII II_III__________III:.IIII:IIIIIIIIIIII I.__:I II'__IIHL_HHII_IIIIIII_II The twelve men filed slowly in and faced the judge, who turned austere eyes upon them and asked: “Gentlemen of the. jury, have you reached a verdict?” They had. Elizabeth Littlefdrd’s head swam as she bent forward to 'catch the foreman’s words—- “Not guilty!" A wild shout rose from the leathery throat of the happy By Heck. The Morelands and the Littlefords cheered until they were hoarse. Sheriff Tom ' Floyers had difficulty in quieting the tumult. Bill Dale shook hands until his shoulders ached. The Balls and their relatives, bitter with resentment and hatred, stole out, were given their r‘fles, and went toward the big hills with the eye of the militia hard upon them. Then the Morelands and the Little- fords and the Hecks, with Dale and his mining man Hayes, came out, and they, too, started for the big hills. Dale had hired a horse and a side saddle for Ben Littleford's daughter, and the two rode in each other’s com— pany on the journey home. When they were well into the mountains, Dale drew his horse over close to that of his companion. “As soon as I can build and fur- nish—” he began, when Elizabeth in- terrupted: “We’re ridin’ too fast. We’re too much ahead of the others. One 0’ them Balls might try to pick you off with his rifle gun.” “Not much danger of that,” Dale re- plied. “The Balls have already been warned about sniping; your father told them that their very name would be scoured off the earth if there was any sniping. They would never attack the combined force of your people and the Morelands; even their white liquor couldn’t make them do it. Besides, By Heck is acting as advance guard some- where ahead of us.” He continued, “As soon as I can build and furnish a little house out near the mine, I want you to marry me, Babe. Will you?” Elizabeth Littleford seemed not to have heard. “Will you, Babe?” She faced him sadly. He saw in her hazel eyes the same queer light of tragedy that he had seen there a day or two before; and now, as then, he wondered what it could mean. He rode still closer to her, and put his arm about her waist, and kissed her almost savagely. It was sweet to him—very, very sweet to him. “Tell me, Babe!’ Her head fell forward. The sunlight found glints of gold in her thick chest- flL ACRES- IIIIHIIIIIHIlllllilllllllNHHHHHE"I nut-brown hair. She was silent for a moment; then her voice came dully: “I’d better not marry you, Bill Dale.” Dale sat up straight and rigid in his saddle and stared hard at her solemnly beautiful profile. He could hardly be- lieve that he had heard correctly. He knew she loved him. She had told him that she loved him. Then Why wouldn’t she marry him? Often he had heard the old saying that to change her mind is woman’s first privilege; often he had heard that women were never understood by men. He tried to reason it out, and the at- tempt made his brain ache; he was unable to reason. He knew only that she was all of the future to him, all of the world to him, and—that she had refused to marry him. They rode silently along the wind- ing and tortuous laurel-bordered moun- tain road, which led ever upward. When they were within two miles of home, Dale went suddenly white and caught her almost rudely by a wrist. “Is it Jimmy Fayne?” he demanded hotly. She gave him a .reproachful glance and said nothing. He flung her hand from him angrily. His grey eyes were as cold as steel, and his jaw was set hard. Dale did not speak againuntil they had entered the broad valley that was home to him. Somehow he felt limp now. The great wave of anger had . passed. “I guess you are too good for me,” he said. There was weakness in his voice, and it was the first weakness she had ever known in him. He went on, and in tones so low that she barely heard: “I’m a plain, rough, everyday sort of fellow, and you—to me you are the finest and most beautiful woman in the world. And I hurt your wrist! I can see it’s still red. It was the sav- age in me, the primitive cave man streak that I could never account for. May the hand that hurt you wither. “A letter from my mother told me that Jimmy had stopped drinking on your account. Be careful that he doesn’t get back to it. His father drinks, and his grandfather drank him- self to death; he has an inherited thirst, if there is such a thing. Jimmy is a capital fellow, I guess; but—if you let him get back to drinking, he’s lost. And so are you.” Dale spoke with a certain piteous gentleness in his voice toward the last. Elizabeth noted it, and it was iron to her soul. “WillI you always think of me as the finest and most beautiful woman in / By H A P S B U RG L I E B E Oopyrizht 1920. Doubleday. Page a Co. the world?” she asked. “Always." ' “It’s the best I can hope for,” mur- mured Elizabeth. “What do you mean?” “It’s the best I can hope for," Eliza- beth repeated as though she were talk- ing to herself. They rode on in silence. There was no sleep for Bill Dale that night. The sweetness of his lib erty had all been taken away by Babe Littleford’s refusal to marry him. He became bitter toward her again. She had been exceedingly unfair to him: while she really loved him, she was going to marry Jimmy Fayne because he had so much money. She was un- grateful to him: it was through him that she was being educated; being lifted out of her uncouth and illiterate self and set on a higher social and in- tellectual plane. All he had ever heard of the so-called unfathomable mystery of womankind he now believed, and more. All this, of course, was unwor- thy. But Bill Dale was intensely hu- man, and to be human is to be un- worthy. It turned cold that night. A little before noon of the next day, By Heck, with a pair of bright red suspenders lying like twin streaks of fire over his faded cotton shirt, stepped into the Moreland Coal Company’s office. Heck was inordinately proud of these sus. penders, because they were so red and because Bill Dale had given them to him. “I’ve got ’em on, ye see," he grinn ed, setting the butt of his rifle care- fully between his toes. Dale looked wearily up from his lit- tered desk. “Yes,” he replied irritably, “I can easily see that. You’re going without a coat, and half freezing, for the sake of showing those suspenders. I am very much obliged to you for shooting Adam Ball, By.” “It’s hell, Bill, ain’t it?” “What?” . Heck leaned over and rested his knotty hands on the muzzle of the in- evitable rifle. “Whatever it is you’re grievin’ about 0’ course. Babe Littleford she went back to yore home town this mornin,’ Bill. Sort o’ quare, I thought, ’at you never went with her over to the Switch. Sort 0’ quare, too, ’at she never rid over on the little ingyne in- stid o’ walkin’. But mebbe she was al'eard o’ gittin her fine city clo’es all smutted up. Say, Bill, old boy, I wisht, I may drap dead in my tracks ef you don’t look like a corpst,. It haf to be bad, or you wouldn’t grieve about it. 'Smatter? Babe?” ‘ Slz'm’s Solution oft/1e Problem Maid Mean More Solution in t/ze Boat. Dale» rose. He put his hands on his hips and glared at By Heck. “I’m going to have the truth,. By; now get that. 'Did you, or .did you not, kill Adam Ball to save me?” By Heck realized that he would have to be very cunning if he evaded the question now. Bill Dale, his god, would not be put off longer. So By Heck answered: “I wisht I may drap dead this minute and turn into a cross-eyed mink with a green tail and pink eyes; I wisht the devil may take me and spend ten thousand eternities a-stickin' red-hot, pepper‘coated pitchforks in me and not let me have any tobacker; I wisht I may be struck blind and deef and dumb and paralyzed and ha’ my tongue out out and my ears and toe-nails wbre off—ef I killed Adam Ball to save you or anybody else." And then, having answered, he fav- ored Dale with an odd look, took up' his rifle and strode out of the office humming: “Whenl die don’t bury me deep Put no tombstone at my head and feet Put a. bear’s jawbone in my right hand—” “But he’s. _the biggest liar in the state,” muttered Dale, turning back to his desk. He closed his desk, and he didn’t work any more that day. Babe Lit- tleford had gone without even bother- ing to tell him good-bye- (Continued next week). WASTED ENERGY. .v , n r BY LEROY w. SNELL. “I aim ter keep it goin’. ” Ter me says Uncle Alf. And every night he wound the clock. Upon the mantelshelf. No matter if his rheumatiz Was twitchin’ in his knee. At half-past eight he’d mount a chair And fumble for the key. For nine long years he wound it Every night, but what a shock He got when finally he found out It was an eight-day clock. AN OLD-FASHIONED WORD ANY. WAY. A certain humorist said he objected to young women being called “skirts,“ as in these days of short skirts there isn’t sufficient reason for using that name. A FOREIGN VIEWPOINT. After a Swede had made a trip through this country he was asked what he found to be the outstanding American characteristic. He said: “I think Americans lofe lazy.” -By Frank R. Leet SLIM,WHEN Ybu'VE‘I. Gov soME 399025 A MOMENTS You MIGH FIX MY BOAT. THERE'S A HOLE IN IT AND TRE WATER COMES iN , xww IAIN’T MUCH OF A SAILOR But I SUQE WOULD LIKE TO PLEASE AL' BET HE WANTSTO Go FISHIN ME. IN THAT BOAT" _/"‘/_J WI5H I KNEW HOW To TINKEQ. Ir! [I GOTTA IDs—:5? AI. 3E1. THE WATER. COMES IN THAT HoLE so, THERE'S JEST ONE THING To 00' J (b I DON'T SEE WHERE ”(JPN pawns wuz! 5HUCI just what to do and how to do it '~ in order to get the best results. Printed on enamel paper, profusely illu- strated and with embossed cover. We have not spared expense in preparation or printing and it is sent free to farmers to show them that we want to give the most helpful information in addition to the most productive fertilizer. FREE—Tear off the coupon and mail it today. F. S. ROYSTER GUANO CO. Dept; A-15 Toledo, 0. Send free Wheat Book to Name P. 0. Route State What’s . The Price? You will be surprised at the big money saving re- ductions on the complete line of Saginaw Silos. We’re down to rock- bottom. --~L.._ Now is the time for you to buy—the price cut applies on our complete line —— Saginaw Steel- Built, Saginaw Standard Stave, Saginaw Hollow - Wall and Saginaw Tile ‘Il ‘th-.L Silos. “L-Ln Write today for reduced price list. ”‘vr Address Dept. No. 10B 7““ The McClure Co. Cairo. m. Saginaw, Mich. H. Eikenhout & Sons Berry Boxes ' Baskets Fruit Packages ONE Grand Rapids, CARLO AD Mich. toot shipment tron otoc . sud Redeem... out! Complete line o1 stool roofs and dot- lor olloo. Pol-1- for all “OIL-II A——-———— (Continued from page 92). calving stations.‘ A good market is assured, either locally or in Chicago. Incidentally, this venture, it is expect— ed, will assist the unemployment sit— uation in the copper country. It must be said, however, that the drought conditions in some portions of the peninsula, this season, have bad- ly affected the wild berry crop, re- ports of this character having come from the copper country, while the Evening News of Sault Ste. Marie states that Chippewa county is likely to have a bumper crop of raspberries, especially in the valley of the Taqua- menon ,River and on Sugar Island, where favoring rains have occurred. Blackberries are said not to be much in evidence in the county at any time. GRANGE ROUND-UPS. SERIES of Grange round-ups is scheduled for various points in the upper peninsula, this summer, as fol- lows: At Sault Ste. Marie, August 27; Manistique, August 29; Powers, Aug- ust 30; Marquette, August 31; Baraga, September 1. — UPPER PENINSULA FARMERS' ROUND«UP. HE Third Annual Upper Peninsula Farmers’ Round-up will be held at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Sta- tion, August 11. A busy day is plan- ned. Starting at eight o’clock in the morning there will be something scheduled for every hour until six. in the evening. There is sufficient va- riety to the program to keep every- one interested until the closing hour. In fact, it may be likened to a three- ring circus as there will be several programs going on at once. The general program will consist of land clearing, home and dairy and other demonstrations. The speaking program, which is held in the after- noon, will include talks by Director of Experiment Stations R. S. Shaw; L. Whitney Watkins, member of the State Board of Agriculture, and J. A. Doelle, manager of the Development Bureau. The woman’s program will consist of talks and demonstrations on home work, lunch clubs, nutrition, clothing, etc. And the boys’ and girls’ program will contain poultry culling, live stock judging, and athletic contests. Preceding this program the boys and girls will enjoy a four days’ camp, the first three days of which will be given over to Special training under competent instruction. The fourth day will be the round-up, at which priz- es will be given the Winners of the contests. ---—--——-—~r CHIPPEWA COUNTY FAIR. HE Chippewa County Agricultural ‘ Society is going ahead with plans for the county fair, with the assurance of an appropriation of the $4,000 by the board of supervisors in October. The dates for this event—the fortieth fair of the county——are September 27- 29. Prizes are due on 1,397 separate items, says the Soo Times. This is an increase over last year. A new deo partment is to be floriculture, while the Indians of the county, who are fairly numerous, are to be afforded an opportunity to gain prizes for articles of Indian workmanship, especially baskets. The premium books are now being published, the grounds at Clo- verland Park are being made ready, with repairs to buildings and general improvement of the place. Racing will feature. the fair, and much interest in the occasion is reported. Are you using more horsepower per , éiovsiuano ~wu.b BERRY CROP. This Trademark in Your Protection serious fire loss. gutted. to see to their protection. will show you the way to POSITI COLON C. LILLIE, President. N o Remorse One of Michigan's well-to-do farmers recently underwent the misfortune of In fact—some of his most valuable property was positively Several ‘of his friends extended their sympathies and were surprised to hear him answer: ‘Toug’h all right boys. but fortunately I am FULLY INSURbD. . recently advised to re-inventory my buildings at present values and did so.’ Characteristic of this farmer, his good business judgemnt spared him the nerve- racking remorse accompanying such disaster. Would a Fire Cripple You? You have, no doubt. worked hard and long in the accumulation of your house. household goods, barns and other buildings. and owe it to yourself and family If you are only partially insured, investigate liberal Peninsular Policies. that protect your holding: on a city propOrty basis with buildings rated according to location. condition and general improvement. you are FULLY COVERED, you are taking risky. avoidable chances. Just drop our Farm Department a 6%ght8‘ll1‘livka’l‘ldYwlw'lgligjbll‘liglilon' our answer AndwExpert CROP PROTECTION advice will also be included. E N I N Fire Insurance Company of America . Capital $1 , GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN [was Policies And--unless you know that SULA 000,000.00 J. FLOYD IRISH. Sec’y and Managing Underwriter. O.I.C Buster. CRANDELL’S PRIZE HOGS, . HOGS all ages sired by Callaway Edd 1918 world’s grand champ. boar and C. C. Schoolmaster 1919 world’s grand champion also Wonder Big Type and Giant Write your wants, all stock shipped on approval. Cass City, Mich. HOGS ’ Choice gills for April and May furrow. also OII-c 8 full pigs. Booking orders for spring pigs. ' A. J. BARKER Jr. SON, Belmont. Mich ' Strictly Big'l‘y with qual- 0' I. C‘ SWlne ity. A ieéw gift: brecllofotr A ll. and May far-row. A cw ‘ept. ant c . all gigs girthor sex. Extra good once. (”our State Fair prize winning blood lines. ‘Wlll ship (H’s). l). and record them free. NEWMAN S SIOLK FARM, R. 1. Mariette. Mich. I. C's. one yearling boar. last fall gilts bred for ‘ next. fall furrow; this spring pigs not akin, big growthy stock. reg. free. Oitz's )hone. ’zé mile west. oi Depot. O’l‘TU B. SCHULZ 1. Nashville, Mich. ’ Special prices on spring 0. I. c s. a... rize winning lg’ EBER BROS. t be ‘ Id to make room. mek' M“ 50 Royal Oak. Mich. Phone R. O. 408. 10 mile Rd. W., Central Mich. O. I. C. Swine Breeders Ass’n. Hogs of all ages of popular blood lines Every sale guaranteed by association. DR. H. W. NOBLES, Sales Mgr. Coral, Mich. Special prices on choice pigs of 9 0- I. C 50 March and May furrow by 0. 0. Big - ' Choice spring boat I s l Blg Type Paland Ch'nas) em-h when 8 hp sensed by Clansmen Buster and their dam being a rlze win- ner at the State Fair. Also gilts bred for Sept. Far- row for $40 and up. Guarantee Satisfaction. DUltUS HUVER. Akron, Mich. afew choice boars L o . S o P 0 C ' at. farmers prices. bred gills all sold. Also a grandson of The Clans- man and Harrison Big Bob. H. U. SWAltTZ, Sehoolcraft, Mich Big Type P. 0. some very choice boars double in- muno. out 1100 lb. sire and mammoth sows from Iowa's greatest herds.E.J.Mathewson.Burr Oak.Mich. ‘ ’l‘ype Poland Chinas. A great litter b Checkere- Blg dam is grand-daughter of Giant Bus’ter, arc foi- sale now. They were farrowed Mar. 11. and were purchased of Jim Bloemendaal. Alton. In. in dam. Do you want; the best the breed produces? Come over and see them. Wesley Hlle, Ionia, Mich. BIG TYPE RC. boar pigs at Leonard Farm weaning time. 5% from Mich. Champion herd. Satisfaction guaranteed. 0 II 0 write. E. R. LEONARD. R. 3, St. Lonisfll/lichl: fl Big I’De Palallll China: at lowest prices. Both sex, all ages. and bred sows and fiilts. G.A. BA MGARDNER. R. 2, Mlddlevllle. Mich. ows bred for spring litters all sold. Have some choice gilts bred for Aug. litters, also 5 S . boars for sale. Clyde Fisher. R.3, St. LoggoMiecpli. L T.P.C.few choice bred giltn sired by T's Clansmnn 'Mich's 1920 Gd. Cham. bred toSmooth Buster l'st Jr. yearling 1920. A. A. Feldknnip, Manchester, Mich, Nothing for sale at rose . L. T' P. C. Thanks tomy customers? nt W. J. HAGELSHAW, Augusta, Mich. Callaway. 0. J. Thompson. Rockford. Mich. choice boars and spring pigs 0 o I O C , s at. farmers rices CLOVER LEAF s'rocn FAR . Monroe. Mich Bred for June and o- II c- E'LTS Julyfarmw. . W. MANN. Dansvillo. blich L.T.P.C. $15,$20 & $25 otch tretchy boar pigszu-e weaned and ready 8:53p? nTheyiéare sired by such hours as Hurts Block Price Cline's Big Bob. R ght Kind‘ Clan and Leon- ard’s Big Bob. BART. FULCHlpR AND OLINlo, Address F. T. Hart. St. Louis. Mich. Spotted Poland Chinas h with more outcrosses than any other gpeid. 0gWhich insures vitality and prohficacy. Why breed and feed grade hogs when you can buy registered hogs at special low prices. Write_me your wants In bred gilts, boars or spring pigs. ' Satisfaction guarmteed. aSmAmhdUEL GERBER Blufl'ton, Ind. R. 4, man-power this year? ‘ bred gilts now ready for Aug and Se . HampSllIre farroW; spring and fall boar pigs at 3 b3:- JUHN \V. SNYDER. “.4. St. Johns. Mich. Pine Grove Hampshires Bred sows all sold. We are oflerlng 100 spring pigs of excellent breeding and qualit it, or sex, order early. GEO. COUPAR a S NS. Marlette, Mich. gain. SHEEP INGLESIDE SHROPSHI RES - During the st 30 ears Ingleside Faun hasproducod over a 1000 S ropsh res of mstained excellence. but never before have we been able to present to mom- widening circle of satisfied customers such an attrac- tive offering of Shropshires of all ages. In rams we have a strong assortment of lambs. Mugs and aged rams—s ndld individuals of tho est breeding obtains Ie. We 11 quality for exhibition or foundation stock. W Gin supply 2 or 8 fitted flocks for show at county fairs. Write your wants—or better yet. come and Inspect this stock personally. ‘H. E. POWELL & SON. O ave young ewes of ,. . o , toms. man ‘wvlé’v.«;:4;_'i.. ' ;.. ‘ fu' _' ! ' 5k ”kingdom (T we GRAIN QUOTATIONS Monday, July 25. Wheat. Detroit—Cash No: 2 red $1.25; Sep- tember $1.261,é; No. 2 mixed and No. 2 white $1.20. Chicago—No. 2 red $1.201/2@1.20%; No. 2 hard $1.21@1.22; September at 1.231 . 3 A, Corn. Detroit.—-Cash No. 2 yellow 690; No. 3 yellow 680; No. 4 65c. Chicago—No. 2 mixed 621/2@63%c; No. 2 yellow 62%@631/,c. . Oats. Detroit—Cash No. 2 white 440; No. 3 white 42%c; No. 4 white 391/2c. Chicago—No. 2 white 37@38c; No. 3 white 35@351/zc. Beans. Detroit.——Immediate shipment $3.50 per cwt. Chicago—Market held unchanged and about steady. Hand-picked Mich— igan beans choice to fancy $3.80@ 4.15; red kidney beans $9@9.15. New YorlL—w'l‘he market is steady without much change in prices. Choice pea $4.50; do medium $4.75; red kid- ney $11.85a212. and prompt Rye. Detroit—Cash No. 2 rye $1.20. Chicago—No. 2 $1.2514@1.263/4. Seeds. Detroit—Prime red clover $13.50; October $13; alsike $12; timothy $3. Hay. No. 1 timothy $22@22.50; standard and light mixed $21@21.50; N0. 2 tim- othy $19@20.50; No. 1 clover mixed $16@18; No. 1 clover $14@15; rye straw $13.50@14; wheat and oat straw 312631250 per ton in carlots at De- troit. WHEAT Receipts of new wheat again made an enormous increase during the past week and are much larger than at this time last year. Stocks at termi- nals are accumulating, and the dispo- sition is to sell as fast as cars can be obtained. Car shortage is reported in certain sections of Kansas and Okla- homa. Even if car shortage should become widespread, it will be due mostly to extreme anxiety to ship and will not prevent the terminal markets from being heavily supplied for the next three months. Wheat being a money crop in most sections produc- ers are disposed to convert it, into cash as soon as possible in order to make necessary purchases and pay old obligations. Crop news has been decidedly mixed in the last few days. Threshing returns from Oklahoma and Kansas show the yield is about 15,- 000,000 bushels higher than the gov- ernment’s estimate. Nebraska yields also are larger than expected but dis- appointing results are reported from Illinois, Missouri, Indiana and Ohio. Spring wheat prospectuses are. exceed- ingly spotted. Canada seems to have lost its prospect 'for a bumper crop although most reports point to a yield somewhat larger than last year. Based on private estimates of the spring wheat yield the probable export sur- plus from the United States is about 200,000,000 bushels. If Canada harvests a crop of 290,000,000, she will have a surplus of about 200,000,000 bushels for export. This quantity will provide for large clearances from North Amer- ican ports during most of the next twelve months. CORN Seven weeks of hot weather with sufficient moisture in most sections, forced the growth of the corn crop so that..many places even as far north as Nebraska have reported it as practi- cally made. Other sections will need a rain or two in order to prevent dam- age from dry weather. At present an- "other 3,000,000,000 bushel crop appears certain ‘and the August 1 estimate is expected to be considerably. above that figure. Receipts of corn are gradually decreasing but terminal stocks are large, with the visible supply the larg- est for this season in a number of ..years. Prices have held within nar- : row limits recently with a fairly strong . undertone due partly to large export sales. OATS The market outlook for cats during the coming year «is rather strong. The crop yield is not expected to be much above 1,250,000,000 bushels compared with average domestic consumptionvof about 1,350,000,000 bushels. In addi- tion export trade is expected to in- crease as a result of drouth in Eu- rope. The new crop averages four to five pounds per bushel lighter than last year which will still further de- crease its lasting power. Stocks of old oats in market centers and on the farms are large but prospective de- mand app‘ears able to absorb them. Old heavy weight oats are bringing a big premium over the new. FEEDS Feed markets show irregularity, some advancing for the week while others are slightly lower. Linseed oil meal and cottonseed meal are consid- erably higher than a short time ago and are in the strongest position. In general the feed market outlook is de- veloping strength. SEEDS Cloverseed markets scored a moder— ate advance during the past week, due largely to adverse reports on the new crop. HAY Demand for hay \is not increasing sufficiently to take care of expanding receipts due to new crop shipments. The market appears, however, to be very near the bottom as there is little left for the producer after shipping expenses are paid. WOOL Slight improvement has been notice— able in the demand for wool during the past week. This is considered a favorable augury as it comes on the eve of the opening on spring woolens by the leading manufacturer and seems to indicate that a large volume of orders is anticipated. Foreign auc- tions have again strengthened under lighter offerings. Boston quotations show primarily no change. Wool prob- ably has already passed through its worst period. Prices are extremely‘ low, some degree of tariff protection is a practical certainty, and the re- vival in wool manufactures has 'been in progress long enough to make sure that it is more than a temporary spurt. Boston quotations are as follows: Michigan and New York.—Delaine un- washed ‘31@33c; fine unwashed 26@ 27c; “half-blood unwashed 28@29c; three-eighths blood unwashed 25@2‘6c; quarter-blood unWashed 24611250. ’V ‘V .. E J 3: AV D POULTRY Total holdings of case eggs on July 1 werex7,550,000 cases compared with 6,844,000 cases a month previous and 6,747,000 on July 1 last year. Present holdings are larger than last year but smaller than two years ago and cold storage operators expect a fairly prof- itable season which should mean a good market for fresh eggs during the coming fall and winter. Poultry mar- kets are slightly lower than a week ago. Latest quotations were as fol- lows: Detroit.—Eggs fresh candled 30@3lc. Live poultry, spring chickens 35c; hens 280; light hens 24@250; roosters 14c. BUTTER The upward trend in the butter mar— ket was checked during the past week due to withdrawal of stocks from stor— age, and cooler weather. Consumptive demand is still brisk but has turned to lower grade butter at cheaper pric- es. Prices for 92-score butter as quot- ed by the bureau of markets on July 23 were: Chicago 401/20; New York 420. At Detroit fresh creamery in tubs is quoted at 370 per pound. STATE BEE MEN TO GATHER AT ALPENA. HE summer meeting of the Mich- igan Bee—keepers’ Association will be held at Alpena on August 3—4, an- nounces R. H. Kelty, secretary and treasurer of the association. Besides Live Stock Market Service . Monday, July 25. DETROIT Cattle. Receipts 1,093. Good cattle steady; common slow. Best heavy steers .....$ 7.00@ Best handy wt bu steers 7.50@ Mixed steers and heifers 6.50@ 7.00 Handy light butchers. . . . 5.50@ 6.50 Light butchers .......... 4.50@ 5.50 Best cows ...... . . . . . . . 4.75@ 5.50 Butcher cows . . . . . . . . . . 4.00@ 4.50 Common cows . . . . . 2.0061) 2.75 Canners ............... . . 1.50@ 2.00 Best light weight bulls. . . 5.00@ 6.00 Bologna bulls . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50@ 5.50 Stock bulls ............. 3.75@ 4.50 Feeders nooncc"o'loooo 5.00@ 6.00 Stockers . ...... 4.00@ 5.00 Milkers and springers. . . .$ 45@ 75 Veal Calves. Receipts 502. Market steady. Best . . . . . . . . . . .310.50@11.00 Others . . 3.00@ 8.00 000...... Hogs. Receipts 816.‘ Market steady. Mixed hogs 10.75 IJigS .............. concave-0.0.. 11.25 Heavies ........... 10.00 Sheep and Lambs. Receipts 741. Sheep steady; lambs 500 lower. Best lambs ...... 10.50 Fair lambs . . . . . . ....... 8.50@ 9.50 Light to common lambs.. 6.00@ 7.00 Fair to good sheep ..... . 4.00@ 4.50 Culls and common 1.50@ 2.50 BUFFALO Light hogs on this market were 15c lower; others steady. Lambs 500 low- er; calves $11. Cattle steady. . CHICAGO! Hogs. ' Estimated receipts today are 46,000; holdover 3,912. Market steady .to 150 . a lower. Bulk of sales $9.10@11; tops $11.10; heavy 250 lbs up medium, good and choice $9.80@10.65; medium 200 to 250 lbs medium, good and choice at $10.45@11.05; light 150 to 200 lbs com— mon, medium, good and choice $10.60 @11.10; light lights 130 to 150 lbs common, medium, good and choice at $10.50@11.05; heavy packing sows 250 lbs up smooth at $8.90@9.35; packing sows 200 lbs up rough at $8.35@8.90; pigs 130 lbs down medium, good and choice $10.25@10.85. ‘ Cattle. Estimated receipts today are 13,000. Cattle are .mostly 15@25c lower. Beef steers medium and heavy weight 1100 lbs up choice and‘prime $8.75@9.50; do medium and good $7.50@9; do com- mon $6.50@7.50; light weight 1100 lbs down good and choice at $8.75@9.75; do common and medium at $6@8.75; butcher cattle heifers, common, medi- um, good and choice at $4.25@8.75; cows common, medium, good and choice $4@7; bulls bologna and beef $4.75@6.75; canners and cutters cows and heifers $2.50@4; do canner steers $2.70@4; veal calves light and handy- weight medium, good and choice at $9@11; feeder steers common, medi. um, good and choice $5@7.25; stocker steers common, medium, good and choiCe $4@7; stocker cows and heif- ers common, medium, good and choice '$2.50@5.50. Sheep and Lambs. Estimated receipts today are 19,000. Market steady. Lambs 84 lbs down medium, good, choice and prime $8.25 @1050; do culls’and common $5@8; spring lambs medium, good, choice and prime $6@8.50; ewes medium, good and choice $3.25@5.50; «ewes cull and comm‘on‘$1.50@3; breeding ewes full mouths to yearlings $3@6.50; yearling wethers medium, good (and. choice at ,l.‘ an auto tour of the surrounding beew keeping territory, the program will in- clude addresses by such well known bee men as E. W. Atkins, of the G. B. Lewis Company; B. F. Kindig, state inspector of apiaries, and either Ern- est Root or George Demuth, of the A. I. Root‘Company. COMING LIVESTOCK SALES. Guernseys.-——October 19, Michigan State Sale. Lansing, Mich. F. E. Fox, Waukesha, Wis., Sales Man- ager. , Aberdeen-Angus.——September 23, East- ern Aberdeen-Angus Breeders’ Asso- ciation Sale, Eastern States Exposi- tion, Springfield, Mass. F. W. Burn- ham, Greenfield, Mass, Secretary. Aberdeen-Angus.——October 12, Indiana Aberdeen-Angus Breeders’ Associa- tion Sale, Indianapolis, Ind. Prof. 0. ~ F. Gobble, Lafayette, Indiana, NEWS OF THE WEEK. (Continued from page 90). of food to the average family declines .03 per cent during June. Friday, July 22. ECAUSE of lack of cars, twenty- two grain elevators in Kansas and Oklahoma have been closed—In the bombing tests, conducted by the navy, airplanes, have been successful in hit- ting and sinking former German war- ships—Detroit coal dealers believe prices of fuel will go up.-—Fifty-eight Japanese fruit‘workers in Stanislau county,” California, were driven out and warned not to come back—Rus- sian newspaper sees downfall of the Sovietgovernment, unless means are found to prevent starvation of large numbers of people—Three thousand five hundred postmasterships are to be filled within a month—Secretary Hughes announces that the United States will keep hands off in Silesia. row. Saturday, July 23. RESIDENT HARDING wants the Yap and Shantung questions be— ween the ‘United States and Japan settled before the coming disarmafi ment conference—A Mr. Wanger, of Chicago, was held by the post office authorities for selling physical culture courses to fat women. He charged $20 for telling them to bend down and touch the floor twenty times a day.— The government is planning a wire- less telephone service for farmers and business men—Despite GreatBritain’s attitude, France will aid Silesia forces. —Recent tests show that it takes six hours to convert a growing tree into a. newspaper printed and sold on the streets—The National Federation of Business Women’s Clubs will incor- porate—The governor of Illinois is charged with embezzlement and fraud. Sunday, July 24. HICAGO youth, seventeen years old, swindles farmers of middle west out of more than $500,000 in se curities.—~F1int boys steal more ice cream than they could eat and had a snow ball battle with what remained. —Methodists deny that ministry is un- popular, candidates for christian ser- vice having increased this year.-—A Chicago negro was found driving city street sprinkler during the day and running whisky still at night—Japan cuts navy appropriation in economy move—«Controller of Currency Criss- inger believes establishment of inter- national money exchange standard would help American business—The Scottish people of Detroit present to city a statue of Robert Burns—The authorities in Japan say that that country will agree to eastern country, conference. Monday, July 25. . T is reported that the ex-emperor or " Austria will make another attempt to gain the Hungarian throne—Presi- dent Harding spends the week-end in woods with Ford, Edison and Fire- stone.-,—Hoover tellsNRussia that all American (captives must be free be- fore this country will give aid to the starving.-—Population of Michigan will show natural increase of fifty thou- ' sand during the year.—-—The_ peach and gr 9 crop in the, Niagara. districtwill . WHAT NATURAL sciences Dc" FOR FARMERS. - (Continued, from page 91). diseases, thereby creating an unusual demand upon the botanist for relief. Some of the numerous problems in- vestigated include: Yellow and black knot,~some ginseng troubles, celery blight, tomato leaf spot, spraying to control anthracnose on black raspber- ries. Experiments relating to the con- trol of root knot nematode, etc. The achievements of the patholog- ical botanists of the experiment sta- tions are wonderful in View of the part they have played in solving plant disease problems and mostly within the past three decades. The evolution of spray machinery has occurred since 1885. The work of the plant pathol- ogist is not nearing completion, on the contrary his services are becom- ing more and more necessary to the tiller of the‘ soil as plant disease men- aces constantly increase as this coun- try extends its commercial relations to all parts of the globe. Reference to botany at M. A. C. would not be complete without men- tion of Professor Emeritus W. J. Bea], who for a period of forty years direct— ed the affairs of the botanical depart— ment and championed the cause of horticulture and forestry in their be- ginnings. What the Entomologist Has Done for the Michigan Farmer. Long before the establishment of the Michigan Experiment Station en- tomblogical investigations and teach- ings were in progress at the Michigan Agricultural College, largely under the leadership of the late Prof. A. J. Cook, the discoverer of kerosene emulsion. From the establishment of the station up to 1893 the thirteen entomologicali bulletins Were Cook and treated on the following subjects, viz: Codling moth, bark louse, carpet beetle, plant lice experi- ments with insecticides, spraying with arsenites, plum curculio, kerosene expulsion, insecticides and fungicides, spraying, etc. In 1897 with the re-establishment of the entomological work, a second ac- tive area. of research, education and extension began. From this period on up to the present time, under the di— rection ofProf. R. H. Pettit, the de- partment iSsued thirty-two bulletins on a variety of topics, of this number the name of the head of the depart.- ment appears on twenty-two, though in several instances there was associa- tion in the work. The work and usefulness of an en- tomological department cannot be judged alone from the extent of its researches and publications as there is a constant call by letter for aid in emergenCy calls to the field to dem— onstrate and render assistance. The showing of M. A. C. in entomology is comparable with the best institutions of her class. ‘ Science of Physics in Relation to Agriculture. Training in this science and its ap- plication to agricultural practice is be- coming more and more apparent every day. The success of the farmer is be- coming more and more dependent on his ability to maintain the efficiency and durability of the machine. The principles of physics are being con- stantly applied in farm mechanics, farm engineering, in relation to power and field machinery, heating, lighting, water supply, sewage disposal, land drainage and many other modern prac- tices in agriculture. The physics de- partment at M. A. C. has always coop- erated in a very useful way audit is the plan to stress the application or this' science more and more in its re- issued by Professor“ ( , ’ r To Detroit ' i? 'Afilfi‘A'N FARM ER ;— Same I) y Record Book FREE A Great Market For All Your Cream America’s Largest Independent Creamery—Detroit Branch will pay you more cash on delivery for all your cream. Will give you a fair and square test~protect you against loss—guarantee highest market price and mail your check the same day your cream is received. Try one shipment—send a can or a car-load from anywhere you live. Write for Free tags and shipping instructions. Make Bigger Profits You save all commission charges. Certain market at Michigan’s highest price. Your cream makes Better Butter—Fairmont’s better brand. Quality brings bigger price ~—we can pay you more. Every shipment protected by a six million dollar corpora- tion—a company 38 years old—with bran- ches in 18 big centers in United States. It’s an ever ready market where you get most cash—good times or bad. No Loss No Risk Fairmont protects you against loss of cream or cans. Also the fact that this advertisement appears in this paper assures of the truth of all our claims. Your own banker will tell you of our standing and responsibility. Its a guar- anteed square deal to ship your cream to Fairmont. Hundreds of thrifty Mich— igan farmers deal with us. MAIL THE COUPON FOR THIS FREE BOOK This valuable Dairy Record book is FREE to every Michigan farmer. two or more cows its a guide to a better herd and bigger profits. If you milk It enables you to keep accurate daily record ofevery cow~and build a herd of money makers. It contains many helpful suggestions for the improvement of creammto make it worth more in cash to you. satisfactory. Sending me the Record under no obligation. I milk............ THE FAIRMONT CREAMERY COMPANY, Dept. A- 13, 2453 Market Street, Detroit, Mich. Send me Dairy Record book and shipping instructions. tags, etc.. to enable me to ship a trial lot of my creatho you if your proposition is ook. ...........cows. Name ................ . .............................................. ' Address ............................................................ Just fill out the coupon and mail it today. Send This FREE Coupon Today "--.--------I-l.I-l-IU-I-I------------.-----i--- understand, places me MICHIGAN LIVE STOCK INSURANCE COMPANY INDEMNIFIES Owners of Live Stock—Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Hogs Against Death by Accident or Disease 308 Davidson Building, OTTAWA . H Fastest cuttin [00 8" made. 3’10 strokes a minute. Light weight. illost powerful. Does work of “linen. Easy tomove from cutto cut and log to log. Friction Clutch controls saw blade while motor runs. Saws any size loglnto any lenzthl. When notuwing usonn rla Iblo o no t' , ' in, other power I. Read this man's report: "My Log Saw I- a marvel. Authon orohordlyroollsollonneotho-otkol 10m- orooo “ton-o. IoquouhmodlIII-C than 4 do” to loot two Inmllloo a whole you. I made 26 out. o". and mod loco Chan bolt lull” oil-oi. -D. Ill-soy. n-z. [mung 0M.- Treo Sow falls tron; Limb Saw cuts branches. Otherkwklc-nndtunnd-hm mentoring“ Ito-Yon: . . g I Guarantee. l-Dvod pron-v"! ,_ _ ... . tom one ofnlno * ' in r a II on Io- m you. 80-Day Trial. Cash or East payment. ‘ TIE 0mm Put. ~ .3 "F6. 09. , Appbd for. h - 1509A “and SI. mime-#1321“. WI". kl. , Quick Change To Tree 00 A dependable tut —F 0 3. Saw at the right ' ‘ price. Powerful l-cycle engine with two [1 g wrgdels gves l s e ypower, law no , lo or trees. or 101' ‘ be t work. Lover Cuts Any Control. Force Slao Loo . . -' RKS Kantian City. Mo. Pittsburgh. Pa. WI'I'I‘E 294 Oakland Ave., 2194Emplre .. - Booklet Free sfifl. lation to the work of the technical de - partments. ‘ , g / MINERALW? . , HEAVE‘fi... COMPOUND} “fix, Bay City, Michigan Agricultural Limestone BOATAND RAIL DELIVERY LEATHEM D. SMITH STONE CO., Home ofiice and Quarries, Sturgeon Bay. W'is. Docks—Muskcgon and South Haven, Mich. ichigan Representative John Walsma, Grand Haven, Mich. LEARN AUCTIONEERING at. cneVVorld'H Original and Grentcst School and become Independent with no capital invested. Every branch of the business taught. W rite today for free calming. JONES NAT'L. SCH UI‘L t F AUCTIONEERING 3% N. Sucrzuucmo Blvd . Chicago, Ill. L‘ury M. .lmm. l’mts. W “m“? .2 ‘. mmmu. 46%....an s. - e Sound and free from holes. Sold direct to growers at wholesale prices. WRITE Dept. D, Springfield, Ill. LIGHTNING RODS Exclusive agency and quick sales to Live Dealers POTATO BAGS LINCOLN BAG CO. , ON YOU??? OLD ' TOWER l ;,. .9!“ lg; Alum deal .3 Maul-aegis ‘ '. «fl. .éfi’g' Indpowerlul One-chirdfluwor in parts of any other mi”. main I’m hearing died lo war. This is oillou, and ugly ve- plscuble. Govern l) W weld“ will-out spring; sleellwer. Whynddtonmyow loom now with - good W“? This is your chance-nu Albion (fled from ll! maml Union Steel Products Co. Ltd. No. as N. ann' Some, ALIION, IlclflCAN. u. s. A Improved ROSEN RYE by HEAD SELECTION From a few fine selected heads taken from a fine stand from one of the first fields of ROSEN RYE planted in Michigan several years ago and following further careful HEAD SE- LECTION have developed a fine strain of IMPROVED ROSEN RYE and for the first time am ofieringa limited amount of this high quality seed to those desiring to raise the PUREST ROSEN RYE. L. A. SEDGWICK. Patina. Mich McCaffrey’: 1:5eg Manager Ben. E. Rogers & Co. We solicit your consignments. Liberal advances on all shipments. Geo.E.llogers &. 00.,601 Wabash Bldg.,PmsbnrglI,Pa premiums above the Chi— czigo market. for line now Eggs We solicit your shlnmentfi- Sllll) Via Pkg/Ire"- All I‘ RI' 'AN BUTTER ill CHEESE CO PANY. 203! Howard St . Detroit, Mich Finest White (Hover Extracted honey. For sale One 60 ll). can $9 60. two 60 ll). cans 818. l“.(). B. Holgate, Ohio. 5 ll). pail $1.25, 10 ll). pail $2.25 delivered to 4th ostnl zonc OAII BORDNER, FARM HELP Wanted Tenant For Live Stock Farm. Have highly improved two hundrcd acre farm in Hills- dale County, Michigan, near Ohio and Indiana line which I wish to rcnt on halves to desirable tenant with successful farming and live stock experience. Excellent market for milk. Sufficient capital required to enable tenant to own half the live stock and tools. Write H. R. Hmith, Union Stock Yards. Chicago, Ill. Detroit Farmers! “'0 can supply Y' M' C’ A‘ you with clean-cut experienced farm hands if you are. uithin one hundred miles of Detroit. Place your ordcr with Ins-«hold the job for our man. Y. 4. C. A. Employment Dept. Our trade on fancy poultry farm eggs in increasing daily. Therefore we are in a position to pay liberal wanied reliable marricd man for Herdsman to milk and care for herd of Holstein cattle. advise references. II. H. DHIGGS, Palmyra. Mich. Farms and Farm Lands $1000 Secures 150 Acres with Horse, 14 Cows, 3 Heifers (‘ah-(Is, hull. hogs, tools. household furniture includ~ ml; u live wire productive farm; on improved road. close Village; fertile machine-worked fields; 20-cow pasture watered by trout. brook: 50 apple trees. pears, plums, cherries, sugar maples: good 7-room house, big basement, barn, silo. stable. etc; retiring owner's low price $4500 takes all. $1000 down, easy terms. Pa 8 18 lllus. Catalog 1100 Bargains. FREE. STR )UT FARM AG ENCY. 814 BC Ford Bldg, Detroit, Mich $1.00 Per Acre Down Secures Gladwin County Farm Lands lluy first. class cut-over (iladwin (70., Michigan lands nearR. It. Markets and Schools. 31.00 per acre 59- euros Immediate possession, balance easy payments. lie Imlcpcndant. Semi for literature “Opportunities in (iludwiu County." U. G. REYNOLDS, Gladwin, Mich. “Nothing doing" unless you want a dandy 60 acre . l'll'll sand farm In Monroe Co. Timber, Ids 0 fruit. good soil, drainage, buildings and water. Falling health. Nlust. sell. P. O. Box 233, l’etersburg, Mich. We want several large, Large Farms Wanted . “-1-” improved Michigan farms. 1!] . exchange for DH roll. and Chicago Apart.- meuts. (ilvo partu'ulurs first lctter. lCLMl‘llt IIULMAN. Realtor, Lapcer, Mich. selling "DIDDIE—BLITZEN RODS". Our copmlr 60 awn-s near marudam roml.H room frumcdwellin . ”,5“. 09.961 PURE. Write for agency, Prices are 7‘ outbuildings, conveniently located, only $4.’ . right, L, D. DIDIH’E 00,. Alul‘sllfipld. Vl'is. Catalogun. J. W. RI'SS ELL, Chestttctown, Md. ' I‘ll go ‘ .‘ x z . z ' I Barn Palnt $1 .35 Per Gallon For sale 8 1 10's om Ind one 11 Ilf mile from Court Get factory prices on all paints. We guarantee quality. “'13 pay the freight. FRANKLIN COLOR WORK. Lept.M. Franklin, Ind Best Hog. Feed on the market. Broken log I cream cones. b. Detroit. Write for samples. 2179 Franklin St... Detroit. Mich. BUY FENCE POSTS 3:903 from for. Prices it‘ll '- orod your station. M. M. care of Michigan Frirmsir $100 Puts a High Grade Trac- tor On Your Farm. How? Address Box 1131, Indianapolis. Indiana. ‘ $35.“) per Inn {3.00. ROYAL CON l‘l 1000 Ferrets its. panama m... at... N. A. KNAPPa son. 11.2. New Loud”. Ohio All wool $4.56. Send for cloth sample Serge Pants, Beat the n. c. L. Deal with with Zanesvlllo Mail Order House, Zanesville, Ohio. cigars direct. ' Box fifty LaOolumnaa Buy Your prepaid $1.75. Mild smoker-best tobao. cos. Address, Havana Smoke House. Homeland. (in. Trained American. E“ at?“ WSW” 9““ w. a. 'ifidxffeiiolmamm House. and University. good building. . .IoHN BAL‘MGARDNICR, Ann Arbor, Mich. 2 fine Tint. bargains ncur Three Rivers and Janos. Mil-h. good bldgs.. fertile level land. tic! L'Od catalog. Rm-l Brown, Ashland, Ohio, w A N T E D To hear from owner of land for s e 0. K. HAWLEY, llaldwin, Wis. Fl" 8 l 117 acres very productive soil.good buildings. a e beautifully located. Ask for particulars, price, terms. etc. (3. M. SNYDER. aneer, Mich. Good Reading OFFER No. 317. Michigan Farmer, one year. . . . . .8100 Swine World, one year . . . . . . . .. 1.00 American Sheep Breeder, 1 year 1.50 Total value $350 All for $2.50. THE MlCHlGAN FARMER, Detroit, Michigan. . ' Holgnte, Ohio poi-s THlS wa‘zlff 'mfl-L;~ 7‘. .: :20 {Ha "(2 (Low 73(75- La . Kicked “7/000 qWMW ‘ xea/m #7500 94mm ! $3300 u/JL fi/ZOO ' 3“ / KM. , >33 5213/2: A»; M fl’ / (7/1“ / ' fin. 4 - . ma 1323:3523? mgr/g $2.39; [Mayfléw-dac . 4 53“}:700 796?: [13,111,241 1/05 4 W won? $3300 WWWz/ym,m ¢ /600 10 ,-‘2 f: I‘ u 1/ (M112. "'21 {77'in a) If ,1 ‘ I. .I/ "I _ , ,_ _ VAZL 4.1.167 mg, ) W ”M M.“ WMv .7 3 0 1:44 . [pillar (LCM; 6/ 75070- éuf. 7.4% $ Aim am .f‘l‘ My” [if/mp ' ”:1 .MZKM .4712sz M. 756000 7/2/04) I’— J 7 j W. 7$9.300 Cy; I ’ $3473ng / r .2 227242? ama . —- yr , , ‘ ow (WW/boy; ooh/Wm can make. radically. This Book FREE The book will be promptly sent, post— paid, upon return of this coupon. Or just drop us a postcard. an investment in limestone. Please send copy of AGRICUL- TURAL LIMESTONE to ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. \ Win , _. 62 The Value of Limestone in Dollars and Cents Practically every progressive farmer today realizes the need for limestone. They have read the Agricultural Department reports-they have heard of the convincing experiments carried on by the Agricultural College—they have listened to lectures by institute men and by their county agents—all agreeing that limestone is necessary, partic— ularly to Michigan farmers, and that it will prove the most profitable investment they Of course, it is impossible to promise exactly what profit any one farmer will get out of Soil conditions, crops, and methods of handling differ so & Evans, Inc., .SateirAqem ,7 cos: 31.00., DETROIT” , g g 1 9'- In the above lesson, we have, however, attempted to show in terms of dollars and cents the return which the aver- age ‘farmer can reasonably expect from an investment in limestone. ’ Fifty per cent increase in the yield of winter wheat is not at all unusual following a limestone application. And i similiar increases'are continually being proven in the case of other crops included in the crop rotation. We don’t show this lesson as a promise of what you can expect to get. Your, profit on a limestone investment may be more or it may be less. But we do promise you that, with very few exceptions, every Michigan farmer will find that the actual cash profit on the money which he invests in limestone will make its application well worth while. We show this lesson in an attempt to convince every farmer in Michigan that this is a subject of real importance to him—that he cannot afford to go on another season with- out knowing the facts regarding limestone and its uses. We want to induce every Michigan farmer who has not already done so to write for a copy of our free book, “Agricultural Limestone”. Over 50,000 copies have al- ready been distributed. And we have the word of hundreds of farmers and county agents as to its real value. Decide now that you will go into this question" of limestone thoroughly—that you will apply it for your'fall planting. Your labor cost, your seed cost and your over— head are fixed. For a comparatively small additional investment you canyvastly increase your returns on this labor and expense. ‘ wt w