m HINHIMIUHHH Il‘mV ul HHHIIMHIIHImlllluflmilIUINIIIHIIHI!'lfllII“I‘HL’HIIIHIIIIIIIH"III‘V'HI‘II'IHV IIIIHIIIIIIH‘llllINIIHmlllllm‘flllIIIUllmllllfllmlllllllIHHIHI‘IIIIMIHN'UIIIMHIIWHIHHIISIH‘H "HHJI'III“IHID‘IHI! I'L‘I’I-nr. ‘" . W“.-_ ( \,V .__ b. 33/ mwmmnumll Hum: 1.AumlIlllllllmllllillhl:UMH'IVH “:M'r"Inwlluummn-'m '¥v%’aa£&£‘$3£%§? DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, OCTOBER30, 1926 MKEEm m . wmuml "IIIHHIVINHIIHMVHMWIH’HIII m _“Hm i amulllmmmu'. mmm‘nun. New FREE book quote! Re- _ _ _ ‘ duced Factory Prices. In- * troduces sensational 5-Year Guarantee Bond on Stoves. Ranges. Furnaces. 200 styles . and sizes. Beautiful porcelain ,‘ enamel es and combination l‘ gas and cos ranges in soft grey and (1th blue. Mahogany porce- lain enamel heating stoves. Cash 0 or easy terms—as low as $3 down. $3 monthly. 24 hr. shpts. 80 day 0m trial.360 day up royal test. Sat- isfaction guarantee . 26 yrs. in bus:— uesa. 600,000 customers. Write today tor your copy or this E book. .. Mfrs. moo srovsco v Ill llochssterll s. moo men. "ne'erflpohu "A Kalarn'exmo. ‘ ", ""“33’ ,, . Direct lOYOU - FARMEQUIP HAMMER FEED MILL Tho Grinder wlth the Hinged Hammers Biu capacity with Fordson. Save entire crop. Grinds soft corn. all foods. corn stalks. snap corn. hay all kinds grain. oats into flour. Low price direct to user. Write (or Catalog. Farmers Equipment Co. 606 South Wabash Ava. Chicago, Ill. Try a Michigan Farmer Liner “\ RADIO BRIEFS. Charles Peterson, Well-known ac- coustical engineer, has discovered that the tone quality of the average cone- type speaker may be considerably imv proved by simply mounting it on a hole in a board. The board, or “baffle,” serves to accentuate the low. tones usually lost in radio reproduction. To try this, it is merely necessary to get a board the proper size, cut a hole in the speaker on this board so that it lines up with the hole. It is usually possible to remove the base of the speaker, so that it can be mounted easily. ' A poor ground connection will hand— icap a good set so that it will not work any better than a cheap one. The latest“ original stunt pulled off by Station VVJAG is a “hog calling” contest via radio. It sounds as if the suggestion might even be a workable one at the next community meet. “Aunt Sammy,” one of the official radio representatives of the United States Department of Agriculture, was introduced to the women listeners from thirty broadcasting stations re- cently. It is Aunt Sammy’s official 'r H E "M iCH’iG‘AN’ 1,4 Afiflhiki it the size of the speaker, and mount duty to assemble material and write entertaining and reliable programs for the “Housekeepers’ Chat” that is up on the air five times a week for fifteen minutes. The program for this broad- casting has three divisions of five min- utes each: “Backyard Gossip,” “Ques- tions \Vomen Are Asking,” and, “What Shall we have for Dinner?” -V|LLAGE SAVED BY NON-COMBUS- TIBLE ROOFS. HE importance of roofs which are non-combustible was shown inare- cent fire. This fire, which started in one corner of the village of Hamp— stead, gained headway rapidly, but luckily, two buildings stood in its path whose roofs could not be fired by sparks and flaming brands. Sparks which landed on this non-combustible surface simply burned themselves out without damage. The fire started from lightning. It is the cause of 13.5 percent of farm fires. as evidenced! by this example. Damage can be greatly reduced by non-combustible roofs, for the combus- tible roof is a stepping stone for fire. It is worth noting, too, that the first building would not have been fired had it had a sheet metal roof, prop- erly grounded, or had it been thor- oughly equipped with lightning rods. This Railroad Plant of Ours and What it Means to You MERICAN railroads are hau history. ling more freight than at any time in their They have averaged over a million loaded cars, per week during the current year. This service cousin in moving commodities from the point of production no the one of consumption. It is a tremendous work that has been done and it establishes a new high transportation record for the world. That service has been performed with regularity,un iformity and dispatch. Through these, the business of the country has been given added impetus. It has been estimated that through the improved service a saving of one and a half billionsof dollars per annum has accrued to the people of the United States over the service that obtained in 1920. This sum represents the advantages gained through the orderly manner in which our railroads are now functioning. Our railroads have stained the highest record for the average daily movement of fredst can ever reached, and, likewise the best performance in use of fuel. So much for the new record of the railroads of the United States. HE plant, which comprises the railroads that serve Michigan’s varied industries, has contributed its share in this proud national achievement, and in the saving of one and a half billions of dollars, through lessened inventories carried by our business institutions and made possible by the accelerated ser- vice. This has been achieved, too, while facilitating the even flow of produo tion as well as the orderly diffusion of commodities. ‘ Michigan has received great tangible benefits. since it is now a veritable beehive of industr'nl activity. Michigan will condone to progress only so long as it's railroads continue ‘ to enjoy the undivided support of the communities they serve. Michigan pe0ple, as a whole, farmer and manufacturer, preacher and teacher, ofice employee and laborer, are cashing inthrough this new outlook on transportation, so vital to the public weal and welfare. Our people will continue to sash-in only so long as this understanding is maintained . We have much to gain— the people and the railroads alike—in pro longing this understanding. We can keep Michigan in the vanguard of economic itnportance only throuflxtheconsinued'expansion ofour industriesand roedsinuahesdofthecmmsrfstrsmpormdonnesda an untaoan ”scenarios 1 M- J , . . e M, guy.» . .w .. . . . _. “'73.": , » a...“ N... g. .. .. ; p H. H. Bassett, vice-president of the General Motors Corporation, and pres- lident of the Buick Motor Car Com- pany, died in Paris, France, from an attack of pneumonia. against the Russian Soviet govern- ment. .The Red army was leagued With him in this revolt. Five reds, heavily armed, were cap- tured in Barcelona, Spain, in the vicin- ity of the royal train in which King Alphonso was riding. They were in- volved in a plot to assassinate him. Clarence. Tuxbury, a retired Michi— gan lumberman, and a democratic recently. . Sergeant J. F. Wright, of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, made alone a ten weeks’ hike of 1,286 miles to investiagte an Esquimo murder case. He traveled country that has been traveled so little that the maps were inaccurate. Henry Ford has been asked to buy two million bales of cotton to help stabilize cotton prices, which are now much below the cost of production. King Victor Emanuel, of Italy, and Premier Mussolini are at differences regarding the reinstatement of the death penalty in that country. The Ontario election has been set for December 1, at which time a mod- ification of their liquor laws will be voted on. Dr. Harvey Wiley, the well-known food .chemist, says that during the past quarter century the span of hu— man life has been lengthened ten years. % . A humble priest in Beauvais, France, A-bbe Bernard, has such a close re- semblance to Pope Pius XI that he is often mistaken for him, and therefore quite often embarrassed. M. Lutsch, an Austrian inventor, claims that he has invented wings which can be attached to the individ- ual, with which he can fly in safety and comfort. Queen Marie, of Rumania, probably the most popular queen in the world, is in the United States with her son, Prince Nicholas, and her daughter, Princess Ileana, for a tour of the coun- try. She has been tendered an official welcome by President Coolidge at Washington. She is very enthusiastic over American ways. An article by Mrs. Herbert Hoover, in the American Girl, the official girl scout publication, states that Mrs. Coolidge still has her first doll. The Mexican government plans to exterminate the Yaqui Indians by the means of poison gas to be discharged fromairplanes, according to a report in the San Antonio Light. These In- dians have been a source of trouble to the government for years, and about 2,500 of them are still in rebellion. Jiddu Krishnamurti, the Hindu, which the Theosophists, and especial- ly Mrs. Annie Besant, has claimed as the physical presence of the Messiah, has had a nervous breakdown and has been ordered to a long rest in South- ern California. - Eugene V. Debs, socialist leader, and several times socialist candidate for president, succumbed to a long illness in a sanitarium near Chicago. He was seventy years old. Another hurricane from the West Indies has swept across southern Flor- ida, causing considerable damage in Havana. Cuba, and Palm Beach, Flor- ida. Thirty were killed and 300 hurt in Havana. ' Major Hume, of Canada, recently said at a banquet in Toronto, that it was time for that country to put strict limitations on immigration from the Southern European countries. ' At a recent election in Norway, the anti-prohibitionists won a sweeping victory. The licensing statistics of England, and the record of drunks, show that as a whole, England is gradually get- ting dryer. Mussolini, the Italian Premier, has limited the output of new books in Italy to six thousand for 1926; In 1925 there were 12,400 books issued. Pen- ' sions have been legislated for worthy authors, and an attempt is being made to u'nionize the Italian authors. The railway men of King’s Cross, one of London’s largest ’railroad sta- tions, refuse tips because they regard the habit of tipping as degradin :to railroadmen, and unfair to the p c. The semi-annual smegot the auto Jtire business Show the. have plenty ' o tire! .nrai-h News of the Week. Leon Trotsky has dropped his revolt ' leader in Grand Rapids, died there ~ gigwthr: it v—n‘. ."' ’ ’ ',. X' h_. . rather .than a -truth. >mon point of View with farmers who - slight degree. nEvOTED * . j' TO MICHIGAN VOLUME CLXVII PUBLISHED 9 ‘ , ’w’hjwfifwf WEEKLY. A Practical Journal for the Rural Family MICHIGAN SECTION THE CAPPER FARM PRESS QUALITY RELIABILITY SERVICE N UMBER XVIII CUtting Down Fuel Costs Fae/Requirements For Average Farm Home Cam ée Reduced 25 to 5’0 Per Cent HY do some houses use so much more fuel than others? It is largely a matter of heat losses, because if no heat escaped, except that lost throngh the changes of ,air necessary for ventilation, the amount of fuel required to keep a house com- fortable would be a very‘small frac- tion of that now required. Where Does the Heat Escape?‘ we all know that when a cup of hot water is set into a panvof cold water, a rapid exchange of heat takes place through the separating material, the _ hot water becoming cold and the larg- er body of cold water warmed to a Exactly the same sort of a transfer of heat takes place in the case of the walls of a heated room, the heated air on the inside, and the cold air on the outside being separat- ed by the wall. The rate of heat loss will depend not only on the nature and thickness of the separating material, but also on the difference in tempera- ture between the inside and outside surfaces. . . With the average home construction, the greatest heat losses occur at the ceiling, because here we have an in side temperature several degrees high- er than the average temperature at the walls, and separated from the cold attic only about three—fourths inch of lath and plaster, which offers compar- atively little resistance to the passage of heat. Next comes the loss through the exterior walls, then that through and around the Windows, then that through the floors. How Can Heat Losses be Prevented? The methods of preventing heat losses are two. First, to use as a wall material something in the way of in- sulation, which will retard the transfer of heat, and second, to keep the dif- ference intemperature inside and out- side as small as possible. Little can be expected along this lat- By I. W. ter line, although a tight and heat- proof roof over the attic will cut the ceiling losses quite materially; and by carrying the humidity higher, the room temperature can be kept from tw0 to three degrees lower and still be comfortable, which will also cut the heat losses correspondingly. Tight fitting windows and doors, due to weather—stripping and the use of storm windows, will cut the window losses very much. But the chief results must be secur- ed through the use of insulation. Of all insulating materials, nothing is more effective in a way, than a dry dead air space. But to be effective the air must be absolutely dead, with no air movements to convey the heat up and down or from one side to the Dickerson other. The air spaces between the studding in an ordinary frame build- ing are not of as much importance as one would expect, since often they are open at the top and bottom, or the siding is not tight. However, if these spaces can be filled With granulated cork, dry saw- dust, or mill shavings, or even with dry chaff or chopped straw, they do become very effective insulators against loss of heat and the warmth of the wall will be very materially in- creased. The chief objections against using these materials in the walls are that they are more or less expensive, absorb and hold moisture, which de— stroys their insulating value, and is highly injurious to woodwork and wall decorations, makes ideal harbor for Cold Winter Nights Cause no Discomfort in Properly Built Homes. mice and vermin, and constitutes a. considerably greater fire risk. Cellu- lar types of insulation are now avail- able for such openings which are mix- ed up like concrete, but which expand because of entrapped gases and thus harden into a very effective insula- tion. A better method of insulation, when considered from the standpoint of first cost, labor required, continued effec— tive insulation, and safety and general desirability, is to use a commercial type of insulation. There are many of these on the market, practically all of them depending for their insulating value on the dead air trapped in their cells. Most of them are damp-proof, vermin proof, at least fire resistant, and will give continued effective insu- lation almost indefinitely. In addition to insulation against heat, these mate- rials all give a considerable insulation against noise, which is often very de- sirable. Some of these materials come in the form of felts, which are to be placed between studding and between layers of regular building materials, others come in the form of slabs or boards, which take the place of sheath- ing or lath, and to which stucco 0r plaster can be applied directly. The amount of insulation desirable for house walls will depend on cli— matic conditions, but in general, two layers of good half-inch insulation is sufficient. With frame construction, one layer of insulating lumber is suf- ficient. With frame construction, one layer of insulating lumber may be used on the outside of these studs, taking the place of the wood sheath— ing and the building paper. The other layer is used instead of laths on the inside of the studs as a plaster base. In most localities the outside layer in place ’will cost less than the material and labor costs of good wooden (Continued on page 439). Green Manure Crops and Soil Fertility .4 Chap and (Easy Mez‘éoa’ of 552/ Improvement By I. “R. Waterbury URING my early struggle to build up the fertility of a run- down sandy farm, and at the same time make a living from it, my “bet- ter-half” frequently asserted that “crops grow best for the rich.” Of course, this was a biased point of view But it is a com- are struggling’along under a heavy handicap, when their attention is call- ed to the successes of their more for- tunately situatedfellows. Someone has said that one’s point of view is everything. It is undoubt- edly a great factor of success in the business of farming, as well as reason- able contentment and happiness in life. _ During one of the very dry years mentioned in a previous article, when I wastrying to grchrops on a soil from Which,the humus had been pret- ‘ ~ty well burned gum was complaining firather bitterly to a good farmer who lived-in another county, about how the dry weather was mining my sea- " ”9t“ msv'f-eplx’mfther stag- gered me. It was to the effect that he liked a dry season best—too much rain interfered with the farm work. His point of view was so very dif— ferent from mine that it stimulated serious thought on my part. True, he was farming on a different type of soil, which did not dry out so quickly as my sand, and which in its natural state was water-logged by too much rain. But he had remedied that con- dition by thoroughly tile draining the land, So that any surplus water was quickly carried away. In other words, . he had complied with nature’s require- ments for maximum crop production and a desirable degree of immunity- from unfavorable weather conditions on the soil with which he had to work. Hence his philosophic point of view regardingthe weather which I found so harassing. , /I then and there‘resolved to study nature’s requirements for maximum crop production on my own soil, and as great a degree of immunity from unfavorable weather conditions as it was possible to obtain. In other words, I greatly envied this farmer’s point of view, and it was a great factor in spurring me on in the effort to better the fertility and moisture-holding prop- erty of my soil. In addition to my am- bition to grow better crops, I wanted to attain a higher degree of serenity regarding weather conditions, as ex- emplified by my more experienced friend. ‘ Suiting the Means to the End. In developing a program of this kind one must, of course, suit it to the conditions under which he is work- ing, and the type of farming which he is doing. At that time I was making live stock the basis of my farming op- erations, with sheep the largest factor. ~ «I must have pasture for the sheep, and at the same time add a (maximum of vegetable matter to the soil, which was badly depleted of humus. My soil, like millions of acres of farm land in Michigan at the present time, was sufficiently acid to make clover seed- ings uncertain. I was already experi- menting with alfalfa, but had not yet found the key to certain success with this crop on my soil. Sweet clover was then universally looked on as an undesirable weed. I remember seeing a neighbor, who was one of the best farmers in the township, dig it out along the roadside adjacent to his farm to prevent it from spreading into the fields. Later knowledge of, and experience with the plant, made it ap- parent that he had no need to worry on this account, even had there been cause for worry, which there was not. Sweet clover requires a sweet, or at least, a neutral or non-acid soil, the same as alfalfa, or even clover. It is perhaps our best dependence for green manure to restore’worn soils, and is a valuable pasture plant, but had it been (Continued on page 438). 'on Published Weekly Established 1343 Copyright ms 'Thc Lawrence Publishing Co. ' Editors and Proprietors 1632 Lafayette Boulevard Detroit. Michigan Telephone Randolph 1530 NEW YORK OFFICE. 120 W. 42nd St. CHICAGO OFFICE. 608 South Dearborn St. CLEVELAND OFFICE. 1011-1013 Oregon A19" N. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE, 201—263 South Third 8 ....................... President .......... ' . . . . . . . . .Vlce-Presidmt .............. . . . .Vlce-PrBSident Secretary E. t. ARTHUR CAPPER MARCO MORROW PAUTI“ LAWRENCE F. H. NANCE ............................ I. R. WATERBURY .......... . . ........ BURT WERMUTH . . .' ....... . ........ .. Associate FRANK A WILKEN . .............. . . .1 Editors. ILA A. LEONARD Dr. C. H. Lerriso....: ........... ....... John B. Rood ....... W. . Advisory Dr. Samuel Burrows . ............. . Staff. Gilbert Guller .......... l. R. WATERB U'RY .............. Business Mum TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION One Year. 62 issues ......... . .......... . . . . . $1.00 Three Years. 156 issues ................ . . . . . . . .8100 Five Years. 260 issues ................ . . . . . . . . $3.00 All Bent Postpaid - Canadian subscription 50c a year extra for postage CHANGING ADDRESS—It is absolutely necessary that you give the name of your Old Post Office. as well as your New Post Office, in asking “1‘ a change of address. RATES OF ADVERTISING 55 cents per line. agate type measurement. or $7.70 per inch (14 agate lines per inch) per insertion. No ad. vertisement inserted for less than $1.65 each insertion. No objectionable advertisements inserted at any price. Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office at Detroit. Michigan. Under the Act of March 3. 1819. Member Audit Bureau of Circulations. Free Service to Subscribers GENERAL:—Aid in the adjustment of unset- isfactory business transactions. VETERINARY:——Prompt advice from expert veterinarian. LEGALz—Opinions prominent lawyer. HEALTH.-—Practical personal advice from an experienced (Int-tor. , FARlllz—Answers to all kinds of farm ques- tions. by competent specialists. HOMEz—Aid in the solution of all kinds of home problems. on all points. from a VOLUME CLXVII NUMBER EIGHTEEN DETROIT, OCT. 30, 1926" CURRENT COMMENT RECENT state- Increase ment from the fM U. S. Department of o “'3 Labor shows that in Production industry there. has been a great inQ‘ease during the last twelve years. This in- crease has been almost cntirely‘due to the efficient use of machinery. In leather making, for instance, there has been a twenty-eight per cent increase in the amount one man can accomplish; in flour milling, thirty- . nine per cent; and cement making 57.8 per cent. The automobile industry, however, is the wonder of the age in this respect. From 1914 to 1925 the output per man has increased over 200 per cent. In other words, each man can turn out three times as much work now as he could in 1914. That is why we get better autos for less money than formerly. These changes are bound to have a fundamental effect on life as well as industry. They have helped to make this an unsettled, a transitional age, unparalleled in history. In farming these changes are also being felt. Efficiency in industry is furnishing us the tractor and other labor-saving equipment which makes hired help less necessary, and accom- plishes better work at less cost. We are now in the state of flux dur- ing which further remarkable increas- es in the production per man and per acre will occur. This will mean more economical production of crops and, undoubtedly, greater profits, as the prices of farm products will undoubt- edly continue to be on the basis of de- mand rather than cost of production. 7 With the present state of things, we firmly believe that the National Grange and other farm organizations are right in opposing any governmental move‘ to make available any more land for ‘ farming purposes. In fact, some land shOuld be put back to forest prbduc— 1‘.‘ .‘- 1 ‘ j” - 1‘ tion, as V it cannot i be" "fanned profit- ably, and what is left should be farm- ed to the highest point of emcienoy.’ F our government Coolidge is to stand, its cit- Says to ‘izens must observe « two fundamental es- Vote sentials of a democ- racy—the full exer- cise of the privilege of voting, and obedience to law. In emphasizing this fact in a recent address in Washing- ton, President Coolidge said that to neglect to vote .“is to be disloyal to our whole systembf self-government. It is to abdicate. An imperative nec- essity makes another requirement of good citizenship to be obedience to law. This is the first requisite of all government that is worthy of the name. Observance of the law is the very essence of self-government. It is the main source of certainty in all so- cial relationships. Without it all those elements would be lacking on which we are dependent for economic struc- ture. The protection of property, the security of the person, would be gone. The entire basis for credit would be lacking.‘ N0 standard of value for property could exist. Justice would vanish. The whole foundation of civ- ilization would crumble. The protec- tion of the weak would disappear. The sole reliance would be force. Might alone would rule. It is to rescue the people from these conditions that con- stitutions are adopted and statutes enacted. But all of these will be of little avail-.unless there is fostered and nourished in the minds of our cit- izens a rugged respect for law, and obedience to its decree. These are some of the attributes which must characterize a self-supporting, self- governing, and law-abiding nation. It is my opinion that they will not be found except among a religious peo— ple.” ' LTHOUGH quite A Vision a .few successful of the farmers have no rea- son ’to complain, no Future one denies that con- ditions for farming should be more favorable in order that agriculture be placed on a level with industry. But, while present conditions may discourage some people, they should not let their discouragement be para~ mount. A look out of the present into the future may make them feel more hopeful. Prof. E. A. Stewart, of the University of Minnesota, has dared, one might think, to look into the fu- ture and predict, but his predictions are not daring, for they are based largely on present accomplishments. In the Red Wing district of that state, Dr. Stewart has conducted some tests with the use of electricity ’On the farm, and based on the results of these tests, he feels safe in prophesy- ing that electricity will revolutionize farming. His tests show that the elec- tricity used on the farm earns money because it saves time, labor, and mon- ey. His experience convinces him that electricity will change the type of farming in the same way that it has brought changes in factory methods, industry in general, and even living itself. It may seem as a dream of one mentally deranged, to predict that ‘plowing may be done electrically, with but slight general attention from man. But in Germany, electrical plowing is already being done so effectively that many farmers are hiring their plowing done by those who have electrical equipment, and in Minnesota an auto- matic electrical plow is being tried. When we consider what has been done in the past few years in replac- ing human labor with machinery, our imagination can hardly conceive What the future, even the near future, may have in store for us. have been brought to realization that one should use the word “impossible” with some hesitation. So many visions ' PPdCttOI Amdm T be . Fallowzfig 53250725" W ill or «Su'émz'fl‘ed a): 17,6, 2 on? General Election Ncoeméer 2. : BELOW are given the text of each of _. the proposed amendments to the state constitution to be voted upon at the general election November . 2. and 'the main arguments for and against these changes as advanced by advocates or opponents. We put the comment in this form, that our ‘ readers may obtain at a glance a well-rounded idea of' each of the changes proposed in the fundamental law of the state: To Remove Restrictions on Sheriff’s Office. Art. Has. 5. The sheriff shall hold no other office. for the term of two years. He may be r ulred by default of giving such security. his omce ah for his acts. be deemed vacant. He not be elected at the gen election law to renew his security from time to teigle. and in The county shall never be responsible (Provides for removing restriction which renders sherlfl' incapable'pf holding the office longer than four in any period of six years). Arguments for: 1. This change would enable a county to retain a ood ofi‘icial in. the position of sheriff, t e same as in oth- er offices, and permit an official to continue or complete a program. 2. The county is not taking any chances, since it is safeguarded by the people having power to elect other persons at regular elections. To Increase Compensation Arguments against: ' 1. Makes it possible for a. clique to retain power through some strong, but' unprmmpled leader. 2. Present restrictions on this of- fice are consrste’nt with the American idea of changing officials frequently to obviate offices getting into the hands of a professional class. to Members of Legislature. Art. 5——Sec. 9. The‘compensation of the members of the‘ legislature shall be twelve hundred dollars for the regular session. for the first twenty days. no more, for one mund'trip cled route. and nothing thereafter. When convened in extra. session. Members 8,1811ch entitled to ten cents per mug, find to each regular and special session of the legislature, by the usually trav- Each member shall be entitled to one copy of the laws. iournals and documents of the leg- compensation shall be ten dollars per day islature of which he'is a member. but shall not receive. at the expense of the state. books or newspapers not expressly authorized by this constitution. (Provides for increasing compensation of session. and from $5 per diem to Arguments for: 1. Higher salaries would secure a‘ ligher type of legislators. ' 2. Provides a more just recompense for services rendered. - — 3. The movement is consistent with the advances made in the pay for oth- er public and private services. \ members 'of the legislature from $800 to $1.200 for regular $10 per diem for extra sessions). Arguments against: 1. This is another law that would increase taxes. 2. Can secure the services of desir- able and unselfish legislators under the present plan. This change would tend further to commercialize public service. To Provide Metropolitan Districts for Furnishing Public Service. Sec. 31.—The legislature cities. villages or townships. ritory within their limits, their limits as may be prescribed'by law. age. water, light. power or transportation, or shall by general law provide for or any combination or parts of same, for the purpose of acquiring, . parks or public utilities for supplying sewage disposal, drain- any combination thereof, and any such district may the incorporation by any two .or more of metropolitan districts compnsmg ter- OWIIlmz and operating either within or Without sell or purchase, cithcr within or without its limits as may be prescribed by law. sewage disposal or drain- age rights. water. light. and succeed to any or all of the rights. respecting or connected with such function or public ship shall surrender any such rights, obligations of the electors thereby voting on such question. of such districts for their municipal purposes in: debts. adopt and amend its charter upon the approval village and township. all laws and ordinances of this states-(New section). . power or transportation facilities. obligations and property or property without and restrict their powers of borrowing money Under such men] law, the electors of each district shall have power and authority to frune. thereof by a majority vote of the electors of each city. voting on such question. and. through its regularly constitutrd authority. to pass relating to its municipal concerns. subject to Any such districts shall have power to acquire of such cities. villages and townships Provided. That no city. village or town- the approval thereof by a majority Such general law shall limit the rate of taxation and contract- utilities: ' the constitution and general laws This proposed new section to the state constitution is an enabling act to permit the formation of metropolitan districts, and, since it would be necessary, under its provisions, trict first to vote upon son why this act should not be passed state. . plies and other public serv1ce, for each unit involved in any proposed dis- the queStion of joining, there seems to be no rea- upon favorably by the voters of the There are some municipalities sadly in need of better water sup- which under the present constitution, cannot be provided with adequate authority and supervision. To Authorize the Taking of Land in Excess of Needs. Art. 131TSiw.i5. t rmsonable m tat 0118, o acquiring, opening and widening of boulevards. ' much of the land and property has been appropri ith or withou such restrictions as may be appropriate to be mm or leased w to pay in whole or in part for the excess property so acquired. limitation of the bonded may be issued to supply the fun they shall not be included in any section). Argument for: _ ' First—That the prmmple of excess ondemnation will enable the taxpay- 3rs in any Michigan municipality, arge or small, to realize the profits created by the investment _of.the1r noney in any community improve- nent. It will allow the municipality to condemn, at a fair price, not only the property necessary for the im- provement, but also other property around it (within the corporate 11m1ts, of course), the value of which will be enhanced by it, and to sell this excess later at its increased valuation. Thus it will enable the city taxpay- ers to apply to the cost of the 1m- provement a profit created by expendi- ture of their own money, sharing the benefit among all of them, instead of among the few land-holders who hap- pen to be in the way of the improve- ment. ~ . . Second.-——That it will enable. mun1c1- 'palities which are now financially un- able to undertake needed 1mprove~ ments, to proceed with these works, with the assistance of profits to be derived from the sale of excess prop- erty whose value has been Increased by publicly-financed improvements. . Third—That it enables the municr pality to impose suitable restrictions on the uses of property in the neigh- borhood of public improvements. Fourth—«That in one form or anoth- er, it has been a success in. Europe, and many American communities. ' Senate Concurrent Resolved by the ‘senate. the house concurring. Subject to this constitution the legislature may authorize municipalities, condemn and to take the fee to more land and property than is no streets and alleys. ated for any such needed purpose. the remainder may subject to eded in the or for any public use. and after so the improvement made. Bonds and indebtedness of such municipality.—(New Argument against: First—That it conflicts with the traditional conception of the right of the individual to the use and contin— ued ownership of all his property save that actually needed for the creation or extension of public works. ‘ Second.——That it may amount to con- fiscation of property acquired in good faith. In spite of the fact that the principle of excess condemnation con- templates paying the owner a fair price for the excess property acquired, it is objected by opponents of the principle that it takes from the indi- vidual property which he purchases, presumably for his own use and per- manent enjoyment. Third—That it would put municipal governments into the realty business, a contingency which alarms some who doubt the ability of these governments to handle such enterprises intelligent- ly and with profit; that it implies a broader knowledge of real estate and market conditions than the ordinary government possesses. Fourth—That it introduces to the law a principle akin to the single tax theory, which may be practicable and necessary in the densely populated and highly socialized countries of Western Europe, but is not in consonance with American traditions. Fifth—That some of the purposes for which it is proposed may be real- lzed in other ways, such as the appli- cation of assessments on property ben- efited by civic improvements. Resolution No. 14.‘ That the secretary of state shall certify to the clerk of each county in the state. the question of a general revision of the constitution and a convention therefor, to be submitted to the electors qualified to vote theeon. Argument for: . This resolution, “if adopted, would permit specially elected representa- tives to review our fundamental law in the light of progress made since the present state constitution was written. In other words, it would serve to make this basic law fit, to the highest degree, the needs of the people of the state. . .. ~ ' . at the general election to be held in year 1926. Argument against: Our present'constituiton does pro- vide for protection of the people rights and offers fullest opportunity for pro- gress. The calling of a constitution convention would be highly expensive at a time when eve effort shouldbe- made to reduce, taxes. The. present constitution can be amended .m care for new needs. ‘ -j‘t ,' . {“ \."1. WW“V —¢ «Mr-,4 ":3 . .M". v—v- ...,.\.«~~ , -.. State Farm News HURON COUNTY waEN INTER- ESTED. IXTEEN groups of women in Huron county will work on clothing pro- jects this winter. Each group will. contain eight members, and the work will be done under the direction of local leaders who are trained by spe- cialists from Michigan State College. David Woodman, county agricultural agent of Huron county, reports that - more women were interested in home economics projects than could be tak- en care of by the small group of spe- cialists in the College Home Econom- ics Department. a GAS 'THE RATS. LARE BURTON, county agricul- tural agent in Monroe county, re- ports further successful use of poison gas invrodent control work. One dem- ance of- community cooperation in breed development. A committee visits the breeders in _this neighborhood each year before the fair and selects the animals which are to be exhibited. The exhibitors get no prizes except the satisfaction /of having developed animals which are of value in building up the breed in their neighborhood. The breeders themselves choose the committee from their own members.- BUTTER SUBSTITUTES LACK SOMETHING. THE county agricultural agent, the county farm bureau, and the milk producers’ association of St. Joseph county cooperated to secure for exhibi- tion some of the rats used by Doctor L. S. Palmer, of the University of Min- nesota, in his study of the vitamines necessary for growth. The rats had been fed on the same diets, except that part of them received butter as the fatty portion of their ration, while certain butter substitutes were fed the uum __ — New Methods of Farming Are Established Largely as the Result of the Print- ed Page and Extension Demonstrations. onstration was made at the farm of Michael Bialko, where thirty newly hatched wild Mallard ducks had been killed by rats the night before the gas was used. Twenty rats were killed in one hour’s time by using the gas in rat holes under the farm buildings. ' Mr. Burton counted only rats which were collected and photographed. Two other. farmers had complete success in ridding their places of rats by using the same method. Fifteen woodchuck dens on another farm were ‘given a dose of gas, with the result that every woodchuck in the dens was killed. FARMERS ,STUDY SOIL NEEDS. SIXTEEN field meetings were held during a soils improvement cam- paign in Eaton county. Two hundred four farmers attended, and analysis was made of 346 samples of soil. The meetings were held to aid farmers in determining the lime requirements of their soils, and to help farmers to de- termine which fertilizers are the most economical to use on their particular farms and for special crops. One thou- sand yards of marl have been ordered from a bed which is opened near Sun- field. PROMOTE COMMUNITY BREEDING. FORTY animals were exhibited at the annual Guernsey fair, held at Leer, in Alpena county. This commu- nity is putting on one of the outstand-' ing examples of community coopera- tion in the development of a single breed of live stock. Bull associations and cow testing association work are both used to hasten the development of suflperior Guernseys. A new herd . sire that was recently purchased for use in the community, was exhibited at the fair. ' 'Ofessoro. E Reed of the Dairy 3381183er WWnt . at State Col- others. The animals were exhibited at several places in St. Joseph county, and hundreds of people were shown that some element necessary to growth was absent from the butter substi~ tutes. FORM COUNTY POULTRY ASSOCI- ATION. OULTRYMEN of Tuscola county recently organized a county poul- try breeders’ association. The associ- ation is an outgrowth of the poultry relay school system used by the Poul- try Department of Michigan State Col- lege to awaken interest among poul- trymen to the latest methods of poul- try raising. At the poultry relay schools, methods of feeding, culling, housing, and disease control were dis- cussed. FAIRS TO PROMOTE STANDARD BREEDS HE directors of the Tuscola Coun- ty Fair have devoted considerable time to developing interest in concen- trating the work of live stock breed- ers on one or two breeds of live stock in each class. The directors believe that‘more advancement is made in breeding operations where the major- ity of a community is working with the same breed of live stock. Prizes at the Caro fair are limited to the standard breeds of live stock, and the exhibits during the past two years have proved that the idea of fewer breeds in the county is becom- ing popular with the farmers. This year’s entries of live stock were the best ever shown. at the Caro fair. Enough cultures for the inoculation of seed for 2,500 acres of alfalfa were distributed by William F. Johnson, county agricultural agent in Van Bur- en county. The. original home of corn is still ""15 somewhere in America. ens: MieHIGAN F'ARMER unknown, though Without question it Rubber “U.S.” Blue Ribbon Boots are made ofhz'gh-quality rub- ber— flexible, long wearing. They have sturdy gray soles, uppers red or black—come in knee to hip lengths like this gives extra wear r v 'YOU can stretch a strip cut from a “US.” Blue Ribbon upper more than 5 times its own length! No finer, more durable rubber was ever put into a boot -—and it means flexibility under the bends and strains—long wear when other boots split and crack. The extra wear in a “U.S.” Blue Ribbon boot is built in all through. Look at it! The sole is oversize—as tough as the tread of a tire. And at every vital point in the boot, from 4 to 11 separate The “US.” Blue Ribbon Walrus slips on right over your shoes. Its smooth I ubber surface washes clean like a boot. Either red or black —4 or 5 buckles layers of strong rubber and fabric reinforcements are anchored in —to give extra strength. No matter where the hard wear comes, this boot stands up! Seventy-five years of experi- ence in making waterproof foot- wear is back of “ U.S.” Blue Rib- bon boots and overshoes. They fit better, theylook better, they wear better. Get a pair—and notice the difference. United States Rubber Company BLUE RIBBON Boots Walrus INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL ' / . THE dry law is no hindrance to the legitimate use of industrial alco: hol, according to Dr. J. M. Doran, chief chemist of the Prohibition Enforce- ment Unit of the Treasury. He says there is no reason why legitimate in- dustry cannot move forward under a reasonable administration of the In- dustrial Alcohol Act, and every inter- est of the government arising from the Eighteenth Amendment to the Consti- tution and the National Prohibition Act be fully conserved. General Andrews, who is in charge of the industrial alcohol laws, has placed the local administration of the act in the hands of twenty-two district administrators, all of whom desire to be known as the best friend of the legitimate manufacturer who uses in- dustrial alcohol. FOREIGN COUNTRIES BUYING. OTWITHSTANDING the reports coming from Europe that nearly all the nations are a unit in hating Americans, these foreign peoples are buying vast quantities of commodities from us. The total export of commod- ities for the first nine months of this year were valued at more than $3,410,- 000,000. During the same time, we im- ported commodities valued at more than $3,323,000,000. It is now indicat- ed that Uncle Sam’s foreign trade for this year will exceed $9,500,000,000. which is ,evidence that the people of Europe are not letting their much her- alded prejudices stand in the way of dealing with Americans. UNFAVORABLE TO MORE FARM LAND. HE movement against the opening of new reclamation projects is rap- idly gaining momentum. The National Grange has come out decisively in op- position to enlarging our agricultural area at this time. A large group of grain growers and dealers from the west, attending the annual. meeting of the Farmers’ National Grain Dealers’ Association in Washington, called on President Coolidge for the purpose of urging a cessation of government de- velopment of reclamation projects, on the grounds that there is now too much grain produced in this country. NEED TRAINED TEACHERS. HE lack of trained teachers is be- coming a hindrance in agriculture a1 education in Ohio. Dr. C. H. Lane, chief of the Agricultural Education Service, Federal Board of Education, who gives this information, says the latest data from Ohio show that 181 teachers are employed in the state’s public school classes in vocational ag- riculture. An effort is being made to increase the supply of trained teach- ers from the College of Agriculture at Ohio State University because such instructors are not available from oth- er states. Dr. Lane says that the vocational agriculture program in Ohio is receiv- ing ample support from the state di- rector of education and from county school superintendents. Support is also being received from the grange and farm bureau, and other organiza- tions. One-half of the salary of each teacher of agriculture is paid from federal funds. NEED MORE GOVERNMENT FORESTS. HE national forester says that 50,- ‘ 000,000 acres of forest land _ should be acquired by the states, coun- .ties and municipalities, in addition to “ their present holdings of 11,000,000 acres, and the federal government should add 8,000,000 or 10,000,000 acres to its present area of 89,000,000 acres. MORE ONION TARIFF WANTED. MERICAN onion growers want the tariff duty on onions raised from one to one and one-half cents a pound. The Ohio" Onion Growers’ Association, National Onion Growers’ Association, American Farm Bureau Federation, and other farm organizations, have jointly petitioned the United States Tariff Commission to increase the rate on onions. The commission in com- pliance with this request, is making a study of onion production costs in this country and foreign countries, but it will be some time before it can act. It is suggested that if an amend- ment were made to the law whereby the flood of Spanish onions coming into this country this fall could be kept out by presidential action based upon differences in wholesale prices in several countries, it would relieve the situation immediately. This year’s late onion crop is very large, and much of it will necessarily be carried over, and will depress pric- es in the spring. STATE COLLEGE OPENS WKAR RADIO SCHOOL. HE Michigan'State College broad- casting station, VVKAR. opened its radio school Monday, October 25, with expanded programs that will contain material of interest for everyone. This is the third year of educational work conducted by the college station. The educational programs will be given each evening. except Saturday and Sunday, from 7:15 to 8:00 o’clock. The fall term of the school will con- tinue for eight weeks, ending Decem- ber 17. Twenty departments of the college will cooperate in presenting a wide variety of subject matter from the fields of, science, literature. home economics, and agriculture. In addition to the radio school, there will be special educational programs furnished by the various departments of state, student musical programs, and special features from time to ] TEE” 131- I‘Ciai an N“ in was Lazar/m Write: For 'Mzkézéafl Farmers I FRANK O. LOWDEN—lfarmer, business man. and statesman—holds a par- ticularly warm spot in the aflection and regard of the American peo- ple. The farmers of the west, particularly, regard him as the outstand- ing leader of modern farm thought. AS an operator of large farms in var- ious sections of the United States, and as a breeder of both Shorthorn and Holstein cattle, he has gained a firsthand kno’wledge of farm conditions and farm life. His sympathetic knowledge of the problems of the farm, together with his knowledge of national and world conditions peculiarly qualify Mr. Lowden to speak with authority for the man on the land. \Vhether or not one agrees with" the position taken by Governor Low- den on public matters, every reader of this journal will be anxious to learn that a series of three articles on his trip through Scandinavian countries, will run in\this journal, beginning with the issue of November sixth—next week’s issue. This series was made possible through the editorial service of the Standard Farm Papers, who have this series of stories exclusively. time as any special occasion arises. The Michigan state departments of conservation, health, agriculture, pub- lic safety, public instruction, and state highways will furnish programs each Friday evening from 8:00 o’clock, while the musical programs by students of the college will be giv- en gach Wednesday evening from 8:00 to 9:00 o’clock. The program for the coming week follows: Oct. 29—7215 to 8:00, radio school—— history and political science, poultry, and dairy; 8:00 to 9:00, state depart- ment of health. .. Nov. 1—7315 to 8:00, radio school— home economics, English, agricultural engineering, and horticulture . Nov. 2—7:15 to 8:00—radio school— engineering, zoology, forestry and, farm crops. Nov. 3—7:15 to 8:00—radio school—- economics, botany, soils, and dairy; 8:00 to 9:00, musical program. Nov. 4—7:15 to 8:00—radio school— education, sociology, animal husband- ry, and farm crops. Nov. 5—7:15 to 8:00—radio school- history and political science, poultry, and dairy; 8:00 to 9:00—state depart- ment of agriculture. CERTIFICATES OF REGISTRATION SEPARATE PROPERTY. ERTIFICATES of registration of cattle are not such property as to pass with the cattle to a trustee in bankruptcy. This is the decision of Judge Albert L. Reeves, of the Mis- souri District Court. A company own- ing a herd of Jersey cattle in Missouri went into bankruptcy. The cattle passed into the possession of the trus- tee in bankruptcy, who contended that Rig/2t 072 H23“ H86]! to 9:00. the title to the cattle having been de- termined in his favor, he was entitled to the registration certificates. While, under the law it is, the right of any owner of pure—bred stock to have the same registered in the herd of registry of the breed, the court de- cided that there is nothing in the law that appears to devolve upon the reg— istrant the duty to transfer such regis- tration to his successor in title Com772z1m’caz‘z'72 ’ HAT would us folkses do if we didn’t have no way 0’ what you call communcatin’ with each other? I know there’s some womin what’d just as soon die if they’d lose their com- municatin’ powers. And I know lots 0’ others what’d just as soon die if they’d have ta listen to some folkses’ communicatin’, and I’m one 0’ them. Now, the tongue is one 0’ the great- est instrumunts 0’ communicatin’ ever was, and its horribul what the tongue kin give out. The tongue kin make us laugh, cry: an- gry, etc., and so kin our 0 t h e r kinds 0’ commu- nicatin’. Fer inst., the wink 0’ some maiden’s eye has made many a fei- low happy, and lots 0’ them sad afterwards, ’cause there’s lots 0’ womin what’ve won on a wink, and that’s about all. The look on a face means somethin’, and the movin’ o’ the hands has help- ed ta get lots 0’ folkses ta buy cloth- in’, jewelry, and etc., they didn’t want. Some folkses couldn’tI talk if they couldn’t move their hands. Drawin’ picthures was one o’ the old-time ways 0’ communicatin’, and it still is one 0’ the best. The movin’ picthures shows lots 0’ folkses like that kind, maybe"cause you don’t have ta learn no languich ta understand ‘ ’em. . Communicatin’ is sendin ’and receiv- in’, just like radio. Our receivin’ ap- paratus is our ears, eyes, and nose. I like ta go down town and let my eyes receive what they can on a windy day near the hightschool, and I kin smell a dinner a long time ahead 0’ seein’ it. But I don’t like ta, have my ears receive what Sofie says about work; that’s what I call static. Everythin’ in the world sends us messages if we just use our receivin' sets. Scenery sends us messages 0’ beauty; flowers gives us doubul mes sages 0’ beauty, what we kin see and what we kin smell. The birds and the winds give us messages 0’ natchur, an’ thunderin’ and lightnin’ tells that nat- chur is greater than we are. The fact is, you can’t look, smell, or hear with- out gettin’ some cemmunicashun. VVritin’ is a way 0’ communicatin’ - And I’m a writer, ’cause I know it is the only sure way I kin send mes- sages. Since womin is got their free- dom, men’s got more chance to listen than to talk. So I just set down and f write what I .please and send it away. and somebody reads it whether they wanta or not, just like you did. So this is my weakly communicashun. ‘ , HY SYCKLE. m. 39,1929. gi’ . The oldest Roman books weremédé , , vof bark. ' V " HE. picture accompanying ‘ this ~ article, shoWs the good dairy herd of. J. Roy Buckham, of Kalamazoo county. " These cows have won reocgnition 'by capturing for three years in succession, a cup offered by the farm bureau of that county for the herd of dairy cows showing the great- est profit oVer feed costs. , Mr. BuCkham is not an exclusive dairyman, but a' general stock farmer. He now. has on his 150-acre clay and sandy loam farm, seventy-five head of good Shropshire sheep, three P01- and China brood sows, and the eleven Holstein cows which have brought to their owner the attention of the out- side world. These cows have a record worth publishing. During the season of 1924, according to the records of the cow te’sting association of which Mr. Buck- ham is a member, the cows averaged the local fairs. This year at the Kal- ‘ iszi/miz'ai'zoo‘ Pdrhzer *Wz'm Cup; ’- the local fairs. This year at the Kal- amazoo fair, with some strong compe- tition, he captured grand champion Holstein cow, as well as grand cham- pion cow of all breeds, and a number of firsts. He sells whole milk to a local cooperative milk distributing as-- sociation. 'REACTons SLAUGHTERED UNDER INSPECTION. HE question is often asked, “How - can carcasses of animals slaugh‘ tered as reactors to the tuberculin test he passed upon post mortem examina- tion as fit for food?” The Tubercu— lasis Eradication Division of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry has the fol- lowing to say on this subject: “This matter has been given very careful consideration from the stand- point of both public health and econ- omy, and it should be made thorough- Over a Period of Three Years Each Cow in this Herd Averaged Better than 400 Pounds of Butter-fat Per Year. 386 pounds, of butter-fat; in 1925 this average jumped to 427.5 pounds per cow; and in 1926 the production in— creased to 431.7 pounds. This is what the cows did for their owner during the year just closed. The total production of-butter-fat, as stated above, was 431.7 pounds. The average milk production was 12,924 pounds. This was produced at a feed cost of $1.12 per hundred pounds of milk, or a total net return above cost of feed of $2,101 for the year. Much of the feed consumed by the cows was grown upon the farm. Dur- ing the year for which the above fig- ures were given, these cows ate 4,409 pounds of alfalfa and mixed hay, 1,600 pounds of corn and cat chop, 12,344 pounds of corn silage, 247 pounds of barley and bran, and 1,300 pounds of well-mixed commercial feed. The cows ‘ were fed an average of one pound of the grain for every four pounds of milk produced. ~ The crop rotation on this farm con- sists in following corn with,a small grain, such as oats or barley, and then, seeding to alfalfa or sweet clover. Oc- casionally a crop of wheat follows the small grain, but this is not a regular practice. This past year Mr. Buck- ham had forty acres of alfalfa, besides plowing down fifteen acres for corn. He also had seven acres of sweet clo-. ver which he used for pasture. Lime and fertilizer are used in whateVer quantities seem ' necessary for good results. 'His barn is of the ordinary type. It has no basement, and the bays for hay and fodder are directly above the stables. A litter carrier has been pro: vided, and a milking machine is used. The floors are of wood, and the stanch- ions are homemade. it is the, hopeof ‘ --.the owner to make the stables for his . ' ‘ -i the near 1311-, g " ;-- . #5,.board. takes sealed bids, ,it. "is not bound to acceptthe lowest bid.-——Rood. at: 1y plain that the disposition of car- casses slaughtered under the meat in- spection act is founded on sound prin- ciples established by world-famous physicians and veterinarians. The greatest care is exercised in carrying out these principles in the post-mor- tem inspection and disposition of the affected animals, and no “bad beef” is passed for human food. In the course of slaughtering, other animals which have not been subjected to the tuber- culin test are frequently found tuber- culous among the very best steers, bulls, beef cows, dairy cows, calves and hogs, and the same principles are applied in the inspection and disposi- tion of all tuberculous animals, wheth- er they originate on the range or in the areas engaged in tuberculosis eradication work. “Scientists consider meat as an al- most negligible factor in the transmis- sion of bovine tuberculosis to human beings. The principal means of its transmission is the raw milk of tuber- culous cows. When an animal reacts to tuberculin, the reaction does not in- dicate the extent of the disease. On post-mortem examination many of the reactors consigned to the shambles show but slight localized lesions, some no larger than a pinhead, and to con- sign the entire carcasses of such ani- mals to the fertilizer tank would be a wilful waste of food.” ROUTING OF SCHOOL BUSES. Has the school board any right to restrict the school bus from coming to a certain corner to take .children to school? Also, has the board mem- gel?) 8g)? right to raise sealed bids?— The school board: is not obliged to operate buses, and if it does so, the" routing of the buses is entirely under their control. Although the school iKRMER , 7.4437 ’. 'AMCO 32% Supplement ‘ willmake a fine 24% feed ‘ with your farm-grown grains Mix them like this Lbs. 1‘ l Amoo 32% + Farm-grown e grain Lbs. 650 + 350 Com Meal .. 1000 650 + 350 Corn and Cob‘ = 1000 Meal 600 + 400 Ground Oats a 1000 600 + 400 Ground Barley = 1000 600 + 400 Ground Corn and} = 1000 Oats 600 + 400 Ground Barley 1000 and Cats s: 24% feed Lbs. DAIRY farmers who get the most milk from their cows usually feed a 24% protein dairy ration. But Michigan farmers have a lot of farm-grown grains on hand now to use up which contain only about 15% .protein. You can get an excellent 24% feed with these farm-grown grains by mixing them as suggested above with Amco 32% Sup- plement. This table shows you some correct mixtures. Study the formula for Amco 32% Supplement and you will see that as a supple- ment to what is at home, it cannot be bettered. Notice the ingredients. The best in the world. You know be- cause you have used them all. Here they are all blended to supplement yours and furnish what your farm-grown feeds lack. Supplemented 'by Amco 32%, you can sell. your farm-grown feed to your cows for the price of a first class dairy feed. AMCO 32% SUPPLEMENT 500 lbs. ......... Cottonseed Meal 100 ” ........ Soybean Oil Meal 500 ” ............. Gluten Meal 280 ” ............. Linseed Meal ' 100 ” . . . .Corn Distillers Grains 260 " .......... St. Wheat Bran 100 ” ........ , .......... Hominy 100 ”' ................ ,. . Molasses 20 ” ........ Steam Bone Meal 20 ” ....... Ground Limestone 20 ” ...................... Salt. GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Protein (Minimum) 32% Fat (Minimum) 4.5% Carbohydrates (Minimum) 45%. Fiber (Maximum) 9% DigeStible Protein—26.2% Total Digestible Nutri- ents in l tom—1505 lbs. MCO American Milling Company, Peoria, Ill. nus MARK ON A inc reaps mm OPEN ,5; MEANS ‘m‘cn ovum _ romuuis “Amco mxm- 11., G: ‘1' "SCI-VIC‘ (Aug! ‘0 Club ”mu and Illa-u ”Lon Scull»: I amen .I “mm b 11.",qu 91‘. n . SELLING POWER. On‘our farm there is a small water- power that used to drive a saw mill. I am thinking of installing an electric generator. If 1 supply three or four of the neighbors with current, are there any regulations of the public utilities commission which I have to comply with?—~E. W. B. The operation of the plant would be under the jurisdiction of the utilities commission which could require re- ports on the facts relating to the plant and its operation for the purpose of fixingcharge for service rendered. It might be well to communicate with the Public Utilities Commission for information.-—Rood. WILL AND JOINT DEED. A man shortly after his second mar- riage made a will leaving all his per- sonal property and sixty acres of land, to his wife. His remaining forty acres he left to his son. In after years, he wished to leave his entire estate to his wife, so he gave her a joint deed of the entire one hundred acres. Will this make his will of no effect so that he will have to make a new one to leave his wife his personal property jointly, as they can real estate ?—W. L. The will is unaffected by the dispo- sition of the land. otherwise than as it removes the land from the opera- tion of the will. The will still dis- poses of the personal property—Rood. CON DEMNING PROPERTY FOR ALLEYS. In regard to streets and alleys, can these be forced by law, through. a property that has been covered w1th poultry buildings and greenhouses? I am planning four laying housesx each to be 64x576 feet, with a capac1ty of 12,000 hens, total acreage to cover 4601:1260 feet, one-half devoted to hens and the balance to greenhouses.~E. G. Property may be condemned for an alley as well as for streets. In either case, the owner is awarded what the jury determines to be the damage to his property.——-Rood. CONTRACTOR’S LIABILITY. When I was at the lower end of my farm working, a contractor ran a pipe into my pond along the highway on private property. He did this without permission, to build three miles of a paved state road. I asked him to pay me for the water which he secured from me through this pipe. I have witnesses to prove that he took this means of securing water from me. He refused to pay me. Can I collect the pay due this man from the state if they have not yet paid the man for building this road?‘ Please advise me the best way to handle this case.~ D. G. The contractor is liable for the value of the water taken, and the damage from the trespass. It would be im- possible to- charge the state, or any public officer as garnishee for the money due the contractor for building the road. See Compiled Laws (1915) Section 13158. The proper procedure would be to recover judgment against the contractor, and then communicate with the state highway commissioner for protection, or take out execution, have it returned unsatisfied, and file a creditor’s bill—Rood. ‘ QUIT-CLAIM. If I live upon a tract of land for a term of fifteen years, and wish to gain title by adverse possession, can 1 com- pel the original owner to quit—claim to me? If he does not quit-claim to me and I start suit at law to gain title, can I compel him to pay costs of suit, simply because he neglected, or. refus- ed to \qruilt-claimjo -me? Under ¢he same conditions, if I have undisputed possession for fifteen years, and then start Warns for the purchase of the land, and fail, can I still maintain my claim of adverse possession and gain ”title in court ?—A. F. Open, adverse, continuous, notor- t “1%...“ l‘ ,. . a. _ , a ious, exclusive possession under claim of right for fifteen years, makes title by adverse possession, except against infants, insane persons, and in a few other instances. No suit at law can be maintained to gain record title, nor can the owner of such title be com- pelled to make quit-claim. The only remedy is by bill in Chancery to quiet title. Negotiations for settlement would not be regarded as admission of title so as to defeat the claim of adverse possession, but a lease would be.——Rood. WILLS MUST BE WITNESSED. My late husband left a will in which he left everything to me, without men- tion being made concerning the chil- dren. After his death, I found a letter speaking of the children. However, the letter was not witnessed. We had, 1150, property on a joint deed. Does .his make the will void? Son threat- ens to force will into probate. Can he do this?——M. E. S. Writings not witnessed are not valid ~ - :4? . fix 'IIIIIIIIIIII" THREE-THREE TANDEM BEST SIX- HORSE HITCH. I CCORDING to experts at the Uni- versity of Illinois. Urbana, Illinois, although most of the commercially made six-horse tandem hitches, and many of the home-made ones of this size are arranged so that there are two horses in front and four behind it would be far better from the stand point of lessening sidedraft and giving the horses more room to put three horses in front and three behind. The easiest kind of a three-three hitch to make is the one in which a short bar, twenty to thirty inches long, is placed on the plow. The rear three horses pull on one end, while a lead rod is fastened to the other end and run at a slight angle to the front three horses. If the smaller horses are put in front on a fairly short evener, this angle will be so small as to be hardly n0« ticeable. Those who have the« commercial type of hitch can convert it into a three-three arrangement by taking it as arranged for five horses (two three), putting two small pulleys on the singletree of the fifth horse and letting this horse and the horse ahead of him pull against each other through the two pulleys, the lead horse having long extension traces made of rope or chain. These two will pull against the other four, and the plow therefore must be attached to the long bar at the proper place. It would be possible, of course, to put a heavy three-horse evener on the plow and equip each of the single- trees with pulleys as described above. This hitch, known as the Hallman, is being used to a considerable extent in the west and northwest. A commer- cial hitch, in which a rear horse pulls against the horse ahead of him through short vertical levers fastened to the singletree on each side of the rear horse, gives promise of being sat- isfactory in many respects. ‘It is a little simpler than the Hallman hitch and, like it, eliminates front evener; AN OIL CAN STAND. ; HE car owner who purchases his oil by the large can or dmm, zflmds it tiresome .to hold the large can while filling the smaller. one, especially in cold weather when the oil flows slows ly. But a stand supported by-a pair of rockers can be easily improvised, 1 segment“ THE HANDY ANS [DRIER r N‘FARMER as wills in that state nor as a revoca- tion of a prior will, and holding of property by entirety by deed made be- fore or after the will was executed has no effect upon the will otherwise than as it removes property from the oper- ation of the will.—Rood. 'nflr LIABLE FOR DAMAGES. ° A resort association has erected a dam on the outlet of a lake, causing some 300 acres of surrounding land to become flooded. Thirty acres of my land has become flooded. I wish to use this land for onions and celery. What rights have we in this respect? Do refiori associations have this right? Any person setting back surface wa- ter upon the land of another, is liable in damages; but the better and more appropriate remedy is by injunction, in connection with which damages for past injury can be recovered—Rood. THE WIFE’S SHARE. A man has all his [property in his name. At his death, what share can the wife hold if she is his only heir? What would be done with the rest of the property ?-—M. B. If the husband has no other heirs the wife inherits all his property.— Rood. when tilting the can is all that is nec- essary. WHICH SIDE BELT TO PULLEYS? Which side of a leather fan belt should be put next to the pulleys on a Ford car? Some say the smooth side should not be, as when a very little of this side is worn away, the belt loses most of its strength. What is your opinion?—F. M. C.- The general rule for leather belts is to run the smooth, or hair side, next to the pulleys, partly because this side is the smoothest and gives the best grip, and partly because the other, or flesh side, is less injured by stretching as it passes round the pulleys. The smaller the pulleys the more import- ant both these reasons become, and I see no reason why a fan belt should be an exception to the general rule. GREEN MANURE CROPS AND SOIL FERTILITY. » (Continued from page 433). a noxious weed it would not have proven more troublesome in his fields, or mine, in their then conditions. But I had the green manuring idea firmly implanted and tried various plants for the purpose, including rye and rape. The latter proved to be the most valuable as a “catch crop” in my experience. The seed was cheap, it made good ’sheep pasture, and fur- nished considerable vegetable matter to plow down. For some years I used it freely, sowing it with the oats in the spring and in the corn at the last cultivation. This helped some, but it was not until I began to plow down leguminous crops as green manure that the final solution of the problem was reached. Alfalfa and Sweet Clover. After I learned that my soil required lime to place it in condition to grow these crops successfully, the rest was easy, although it was several years before the whole farm was thus treat- ed. But from the start it paid out the second year in increased hay yields from the alfalfa fields, and as the alfalfa was plowed down for other crops the profit was doubly apparent. But this cycle was too slow to ac- complish what I wanted to 69, so sweet clover was added'to the rota- tion as a green manure crop. For me yearsthe plan has been to plow a new of alfalfa after it has been out two seasons-mud plant it to a Wyn-t? ed crop, balancing the plant‘ food re- . \1- nuirements of the crop by an applica- tion of acid phosphate. The follOwing spring this field is seeded to sweet clover in oats, of which we sowonly one bushel per acre. This insures a good stand of sweet clover, which is plowed down the following spring for potatoes, when about two feet high. The potatoes are again .‘given a liberal application of fertilizer, and by the use of good seed and good cultural methods have always made about twice the average yield for the state, since this practice has been followed. The following spring the field is again seeded to alfalfa in a thin stand of oats and the cycle is repeated. Because of the fact that my farm is conveniently located for the marketing of cash crops, I have gradually reduc- ed thellive stock factor in my opera. tions, until at the present time it in‘ ventories only two cows, besides the necessary horses to carry on the farm- ing operations. All of the fields are producing a crop every year, the sWe-et clover used as green manure. being our catch crop, which does not occupy the land during a growing‘crop season, and yet the soil is becoming more fer- tile and more drought—resistant with every cycle. This rotation is not here advanced as a model for others to follow, but rather to illustrate the fact that live stock is not the necessary factor in maintaining or improving soil fertility that it is so generally credited with being. Live stock may be made to help if properly utilized to that end, but as too often, and I might almost say usually is handled, it is not a very efficient means to the end of increas- ing soil fertility. When only home- grown feeds are used, there is a big loss in vegetable matter, and a consid- erable loss in fertility, even though all the crops are fed and the residue returned to the soil. When, as is too often the case, the land is over-stocked and new seeding and old meadows closley grazed, the desired end is al- most wholly defeated. Green Manuring Always Desirable. Whether live stock is made a factor in production or not, green manuring with leguminous crops is a means to the end of improving soil fertility which few Michigan farmers can af- ford to neglect. It is the very foun- dation of a‘permanent and prosperous agriculture on most Michigan soils, as well as the most easily accom- plished and inexpensive method of maintaining the fertility of our land. It has been the foundation of the suc- cess of practical farmers everywhere, who have studied their soil fertility closely, and experimented .on their own account to solve them success- fully. Strange as it may seem, however, there is very little official experiment- al data on the subject, and almost none has been published. It .is my opinion that our own college could do no more beneficial work in the inter- est of Michigan agriculture than to assemble and publish the data already available on the subject of green ma- nuring in this state, and to follow this with a series of experiments extend- ing over a series of years for the es- tablishment of more official and con- vincing data, which would, in my opin- ion, go far to revolutionize farming methods over a great part of our state and put the industry on a more per- manently profitable basis. Soil fertility is, and must remain, the basis of agricultural prosperity. Unfortunately, increased soil fertility is too often interpreted as a contribu- tion to over-production and lowered prices by many farmers, instead of a means to the end of cheaper produc- tion and increased profit, as it may ’be made: 'I shall undertake to discuss this point in a practical manner in a future article. The proposed Colorado river devel- opment will be one of the greatest-len- m m. , mum ' ed by ths' 0 erases? W mph. ’ l _ v ' of non-insulated construction. < veteran, is believed to be the dean of ginseng growErs in Michigan. Since boyhood Little has been gathering and growing ginseng and has found it a very profitable occupation. He gath- ered his first crop of roots in' the woods about thirty-five years ago, and since then has been actively engaged in scouting the woods for the valuable roots or growing them commercially in his garden. Ginseng grows sparsely in hardwood tracts and its roots are in strong de- mand for medicinal purposes. Little has found a ready market in New York for all merchantable roots he can produce or scout out in his tramps through wooded swamp lands. In the early days of the industry, he received ten cents a pound, but in recent years under pressure of strong demand he has been making sales of dried roots at $10 to $15 a pound. The increased value of the plant has en- couraged him to grow ginseng'under cultivation. The crop is grown from seed, but it takes five years to produce a saleable root. A seed crop is secured the third season after ‘ planting. The plant grows from four inches to three feet in height and seems to do best in swampy soils. He sprays his crop three or four times each season to prevent rust and blight infection. Shade is very essential to success with ginseng. Little has built a roof over his garden to supply necessary amount of shade. He also gathers roots of lady slippers, Indian turnip and blood root, but he reports there is not the demand for these herbs as there is for ginseng roots, and prices are not as high—J. C. M. CUTTING DOWN FUEL cos-rs. (Continued from page 433). sheathing and building paper. The in- side layer will cost more for material than the lath, but less labor for apply- ing. In general, the two layers of in- sulating‘ lumber will just about bal- ance the cost of the material they re- place, so that the builder will get his insulation at little or no cost ’over that Such insulation can, of course, only be put on when the building is built or re- modeled. Excellent results can also be secured by putting'a layer of heavy commercial insulation between the studs before the house is lathed and plastered, but this will add somewhat to the cost of the building. Ceilings and Floors. Very heavy heat losses also take ‘ place through the ceilings, the com- mon construction of which is a single layer of lath and plaster on the under side of the ceiling joists, with nothing above. Such a ‘ceiling has a heavy heat loss. It can best be insulated by replacing the lath with a layer of in- sulation to.serve as a base for plaster, and then putting a second layer. on top of the joists. This construction would reduce the ceiling heat loss about thirty-fiVe per cent. Saving in Coal. Let us try to estimate what saving in coal this use of a double layer of insulation on the outside walls and ceiling of a 30x34, two-story frame house with nine-foot ceilings Would mean. Making no allowance for win— dows and doors, the outside walls would total about 2,300 square feet. According to the table, there would be a'saving of eighty pounds of coal per day, or at the rate of a ton each twen- ‘ ty-five days of cold weather. It is not at all unusual to find that the proper use ' of commercial insulation, at an additional cost of not to exceed three , per cent of thecost of the house, will ' make a saving or twenty-five to thirty ' 30" $318191 ’ 1"éqtflrefcl to. ‘heat.’ r '. ERN H- LITTLE of Shelby, 9. war ' \‘e- ._ ' \ ..... g, A: Sweet, welllavored meats —of wonderful keeping qualities No matter how skillful you are in Curing meats, you have probably noticed at times that some of your meat tastes “too salty.” Probably the salt you used is to blame. Ordinary salt contains impurities which give to meat a bitter, “salty” taste. Again, ordi- nary salt comes in cubes which do not dissolve readily, and this results in meat that is not thoroughly cured, with too much salt in some portions, not enough in others. The ideal salt for curing meats is a mild, pure salt in the form of quick-dissolving flakes. Such a salt brings out the natural flavors of the meat, and you are never conscious of the salt. Dissolving quickly, it thoroughly penetrates every fibre of the meat and insures against improper curing and consequent loss through spoiling. Use this salt Diamond Crystal, “The Salt that’s all Salt,” is ideal for curing meats. Scores of government tests have shown that Diamond Cry- stal always analyzes more than 99 per cent pure. Two factors are responsible for Diamond Crystal purity. For one thing, the salt deposits from which it is taken, 2,200 feet below the earth’s surface, are exceptionally pure. More important, it is the only salt refined by the Alberger process—a method for removing impurities by passing the salt brine, heated to a high temperature, through more than twenty miles of pipes. There is a Diamond Crystal Salt for every farm use—for curing meats, for table and cooking, for canning, for butter and cheese— making, for livestock. Study the Salt Guide at the right—and ask for Diamond Crystal at the store where you trade. gree We should like to send you a sample of Diamond Crystal Shaker Salt and a very helpful booklet. "101 Uses for Diamond Crystal Salt." If you are butchering this fall, ask also (or booklet, "How to Butcher Hogs and Cure Pork." Both_ are Inc. Use coupon at right. m’wl— Ash your creamery operator why he um Diamond Crystal A‘i/"i The Diamond Crystal Salt Guide For Table, Diamond Crystal Shaker Kin-h." and 3313 (free flowing, it; an y - pouring cartons Hou’elwld orDiamondCrystalTable USO Salt (in boxes or sanitary muslin Bags). Diamond Crystal Iodine Salt is recommended for preven- tion of goiter. For Curing Diamond Crystal Coarse Meats Salt (in 35—lb. and 70-lb. bags). Diamond Crystal Flake or Fine Flake Salt (in 280—1b. paper—lined bar- rels and in bags). For Butter- Making For Cheese- Making Diamond Crystal Cheese Salt (in 280—lb. paper- lined barrels). For Canning Diamond Crystal Flake Salt, Diamond Crystal ”39?“? Fine Flake (Table Salt) 0" n“ ' or Diamond Crystal Fine Salt (in 280-lb. barrels or in bags). For Liva- Diamond Crystal No. 1 stock, Salting COmmon Salt (in 280-lb. Hay, Killing 23mm“ m bags and m O-lb. blocks). Weeds, etc. tal Salt DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT C0. Dept. 5.30 St. Clair, Michigan Please send, free, booklets I have marked. El “101 Uses for Diamond Crystal Salt” (including sample) B “How to Butcher Hogs and Cure Pork" Name Town .. Wanted--- Four Men With cars who can devote full time to sales work. Salary \ Burns With Intense B L UE FL AM E Costs no more than coal burner No ashes, smoke, or_ sparks. Safe, convenient tum. mac- tical. eepe water in stock tank at the proper tempera- ture in zero Weather for only llllllllll a cent an , Tenth suc- and expenses paid weekly to fiémmymaz‘yfifiuflfi‘i‘f f 11 t' F 1 t burger m Jum-orl_bmr .u imamen. or comp e e gzggel ”mfiigflflmmflg information address 0f 68 an 0 o 0 RV gagggifinrlfggfuunm The Michigan Farmer, l cedar Ba!“ 3 ., we!“ Desk C, Detroit, Michigan l/// I Q A ":3; // ' .; g rt_' Meet RaingDa a’ Smiling ! liquettlledownpoun} --or drizzle C hop and warSm’ J I t / O’; an RY' by name . TH: assume variance:- was OILED CLOTHING “1*“ [Br/lien, We!) Milli/m “ ;._£ , A.J.Towea co. x" p \ . i . _\§ BOQ‘I'ON. MAss L. . ' ~21:- LICKERS FISH BR, 4W" Me "In 0TH" lurking hi la Greatest LOG saw one: —I ever made. One man saws 15 cords ada —e . Fells trees, saws limbs. Make big money. Use Ail-PE; zine for other work. Saws faster than lo men. Shl pod from Factory or nearest of 10 Branch Houses. Cash— 1 Terms. Write {or Iy Trial Offer and biz FREE book. OTTAWA M UFACTURING COMPANY 1501-W Wood street, Ottawa, Ian. «I 15014” flue. lid... Pittsburgh, Pa HAMMER aw-w FEEDGRINDER THE GRINDER WITH THE HAMMERS Grinds grain, alfalfa. fodder, etc.. separately or together. any fineness. No extra attachments. Trouble proof: the grlnder Without burrs or loose working parts. Make Your Own Mixed Food. Grinds nuts, etc.. for pigs' slop. Four sizes; elevator or blower; Timken bearings. 12 years' successful service. Write for 2'13”" folder and ground food samples. The W-W Feed Grinder 00., Wichita. Kansas. _ . FORD &. 60.. Inc.. Highland Park. Mich.. Distributors. 316 HOME FREE FURNISHINGS BOOK \Of latest designs in living; dining, (ff/{41% bedroom and libraryeuites; kitchen cabinets; gen, coal and oil ranges; electric sweeperawsshing and sewing machines; refrigerators: incubators. etc. for homes, shipped direct from manufacturer to you saving you one-third to one-hall. Write Today for this big book explaining our 30-day Trial Ofl'er in your home no matter where you liveGuaranteed or return ntour expense Blackburn 8. Co. “gamma”- Ti‘y a MiChiga'n Farmer Liner At Last! You can enjoy the comfort and benefits of frequent bathing in a full-size bathtub Without paying for piping, fixtures, a special room, or installation charges. A New Invention The SANI-TABL-TUB is a combination table and tub strongly built and finished in DUCO-ENAMEL which,when not in use as a bath or laundry tub, turns on its side and becomes a handsome table with a gleaming white porcelain enameled top. A is easily turmd W /,- lnto a tub boon to every farmer’s wife. Write for a complete description and prices THE SANI-TABL-TUB COMPANY Guarantee Title Building Cleveland. Ohio MR. F ARMER : Here is REAL OPPORTUNITY! If you want to rent, are married and under 40. If you are experienced in live stock farming. If you can furnish satisfactory references and have at least . limited capital. THEN COME ON I will make you a rare proposition to operate the Bond farm of 260 acres, 4 miles south of Decatur, Mich. Write J. W. Potts, Dowagiac, Mich. When writing Adverti‘s": ers please Mention Mich- igan Farmer THIS All: In Great sharpshooter! Free for selling on] $2 worth of Chewing Gum at 5c 3 pkg. NO EX RA MONEY. BLUINE M ‘. ‘ . 241 MILL STREET CONCORD JUNCTION, MASS. Bic—1*“ ‘ “Price 5; ., JV Coinulr-lP .f y . l > “1“. 0601/; 4k ” n . - 1/ , 7'»? . A. i , In eve ate an Over Quarter M ”“3- Water does not have to be previously heated for these fountains. Saves time. work, trouble and bother. Keeps water at right v temperature day and night in coldest weather. uires less than uart of mi a week. Used Winter or summer. rice only $1 .6 for 2 gal. size complete. lso made In 3 and 4 gal. sites. Order today or send for circular and testimonials. Agts .wented. ILA. S. FORGE WORKS. Box 604 SAMMIE MICII ' ' Fully ' Guaranteed. ’ Inc reeses Egg Production. Used 8. Endorsed : by Poultrg‘Raiser This is not an advertisement of a get rich ., quick promoter —— it is just to tell you that thousands of farmers have increased their crops 50% —— 100% —— and more,—: much more, by spreading Solvay Pulverl ized Limestone. Solvay sweetens sour soil, releases all the fertility to hasten crops to full and profit’ able maturity. It is guaranteed high test, * non/caustic, furnace dried,'and so finely ground and readily absorbed that it brings results the first year. ' . Write for the Solvay Lime Book! Free! Detroit, Mich. LOCAL_ DEALERS \\ \.. \ SAVE THE LEAVES. HE month of .falling leaves is ' here again, and once more these beautiful stores of pent-up en- ergy will be raked up by the trillions and ofiered up to the God of Waste in one grand funeral pyre until the skies be darkened with the smoke, and the air filled with the pungent odor of burning vegetation. Most people consider that when the leaves have fulfilled their mission on the trees, and have fallen to the earth, they are useless and an incumbrance to be gotten rid of as speedily as pos- sible. But nature teaches a different lesson. The fallen leaves in the forest serve as a natural mulch to protect the roots of the trees and the underly- ing flowers and plants from the rigors 'of changing seasons. Then they de- cay and form a rich humus, giving to the soil the nitrogen they have stored from the air during the growing sea- son. This humus, or leaf mold, is the richest soil element we have. And yet, each fall sees the destruction of thousands and thousands of tons of one of the easiest available forms of fertilizer, the substitutes for Which gardeners must pay out fabulous sums. Why, then, not save this tremend- ous waste? In most European coun- tries, where economic conditions are such that every possible bit of fertil- izer must be' preserved, the forest leaves are gathered, stored until ready to compost, and then used as fertil- izer. While this is done to a limited extent in this country, what is saved is only a drop in the bucket to the possibilities. In the natural forest, the fallen leaves make layer after layer. Rain, snow, and the damp gases from decay~ ing vegetation, keep them damp under- neath and form them into a compact mass, excluding the air to a consider- able extent, and thus aiding in the forming of humus. The presehce of air is necessary to decomposition, and the slower the decomposition occurs, the more humus is formed. This lesson from nature’s method gives us the queue on how to get the most fertilizer value from leaves. They must be kept from the air. The best way to do this is to compost them by placing them in a. pile, with manure or some other organic matter to make a compact mass and exclude the air. If no manure is available, loam may be used. A foot or so of leaves may be laid, then an inch or two of good loam, then another layer of leaves, and so on, tramping the pile down after each layer is put on: If sods are available, they make a very desirable addition by putting them grass side down. A mixture of leaves, loam, and sods, makes an excellent compost. This may be used as a dressing on the gar— den, and it also makes one of the best possible soils forpotted plants. If live stock is kept on the place, a very economical way of treating the leaves is to use them as bedding. They should be kept dry until ready to use. Dry leaves have even more absorbent power than straw, and therefore make a very excellent bed- ding. The manure containing the leaves, when thrown out of the stable, will become compacted, causing slow decomposition and saving the fertil- izer value. Practically every home garden, and many market gardens are surrounded with shade or orchard trees whose leaves ordinarily go to waste. Many have forest leaves readily accessible. Care must be taken in the use of or- chard leaves.’ If the orchard has been properly sprayed, the leaves'.will be all right to use. \If get, they may bear. various insects, and if so they. should not be used as fertilizer. The large maple and elm shade trees which usu- ally form a part of the sylvan setting of the home, will providean enormous amount of compbst—-usually enough to make all the fertilizer required by the accompanying garden. Why not begin saving this life—giving material now? ——-Harry J. Spooner. MORE SENSE IN EXPORTING FRUIT. , ~ HE shortage of the’fruit crops in Great Britain has stimulated ex- ports of‘American apples, according to reports to the Bureau of Agricultur— al Economics. It is said that even Worcestershire, a county of apple or- chards since the seventeenth century, has been buying imported apples. The fruit specialist representing the department of agriculture in England writes that he witnesses many foolish operations .in consigning fruits from American orchards—the shipping of high-priced early apples, such as the Bonum, Jonathan, King David and De licious, in box cars———common stor- age; the inclusion of one and three- quarter-inch apples in so-called two‘ inch minimum packs; and poor pack- ing, all of which cries out “deprecia— tion, depreciation, depreciation,” at ev- ery fruit auction. But the old stand- by that pages the fool-killer year after year, is the shipment of New York Bartlett pears in barrels. Early in the season, when the pears are green and hard. and when there are few warm apples in the refrigerators, a consign- ment or two will come through in good shape and sell for $12 or $14 per bar- rel. Then they keep on shipping them until the bitter end, with only stems,~ seeds, aand a great deal of juice ar— riving. Who pays the freight on this sort of folly, the American fruit specialist in London says he is not able to determ- ine, nor how many years it is to con« tinue he cannot guess, but two things are certain—the barrel is not a suit- able package of Bartlett pears, and unless pre—cooling and cold storage are used, their exportation should be risk- ed only during the early part of the season with fruit that is not over- mature. GO AFTER YOUR FRUIT TREES. OOD roads and the automobile and truck have made it easy for the farmers to drive to nurseries in the tall and bring their fruit trees home with them. Nurseries like to sell the trees in the fall and save the trouble and expense of storing them. You get the pick of the stoCk, and are sure of getting the varieties you want. An- other point of value is the information about varieties andtte .care of the trees that you will get from the nurs- eryman if you ask him for this infor- mation. Trees you get in the fall can be heal- ed in upright, and be ready to set any time during the winter when ground is not frozen. In the spring the rush of farm work comes just when the spring ordered fruit trees are coming, and you must rush them in. With the fall purchases you have ample time to set well. Try it once and see if it does not pay you to go to a nursery in early winter, after the leaves fall, and bring home your fruit trees.—~H. Thirty cancer cases have been pro- nounced cured by the lead treatment developed by Dr. Blair Bell, of Liver- pool, England. One out of five families in the Unit- ed States has a radio. ' _, . , SHonT nan/e I'i‘EMs, IN analyzing theTcosts of consolidate" ed rural schools in Illinois, the bu- reau of education finds that consoli- dated schools may be operated at ap- proximately the same per capita cost that one-teacher schools require. According to a report just issued by George Lord, chairman of the state tax commission, the cities of this state pay about seventy-three per cent of 'the tax burden of the state, and are assessed on seventy-one per cent of its .valuation. ‘ During the fiscal year ending July 1, it took 2,390,021,000 pounds of milk to quench the thirst of the Michigan people. It also took 100,000,000 pounds of milk to ”make butter for consump- tion in the state during that time. The rate of consumption for drinking pur- poses alone is one and two-thirds pints per capita per day. . According to various estimates, the average Michigan hen is laying about ten eggs per year more than a few years ago. It is believed that the high quality stock sent out by the hatcher- ies is responsible for this increase. Miss Clara H. Hassee, plant path- ologist for the United States Bureau of Plant Industry, who discovered the cure for citrus fruit cancer, died at the home of her mother in Muskegon, October 10, at the age of forty-five. Harry Ward, of McBain, has his third consecutive ton litter of pigs. u... . George Roxburgh, state representa- tive, of Reed City, has been nominated for the office of master of the State Grange, and will likely be elected to that office. A. B. Cook, present mas- ter, will not seek the office this year. Investigation by the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, shows that the average loss of eggs in transit is about two cents per case. The twelve-year—old hen belonging to A. P. Hopkins, of Kirksville, Mo., is getting feeble. She has laid sixty eggs this year thus far. She is a cross between a Brown Leghorn and a R. I. Red. \ Herbert Powell, of Ionia, and former state senator, sold ninety of his 160 high quality pure-bred sheep to Wil- liam Scripps, of Detroit, as a nucleus for a large flock to be started on the Scripps farm near Orion, Mich. Rob- ert Groves, who for years has had charge of the sheep for Mr. Powell, entered the employ of Mr. Scripps. Mr. Powell will build up his flock again with the remaining sixty'sheep. James L Kraker, of Beulah, former county agent of Benzie county, is Michigan field agent for Apples for Health, Inc, a national organization which is sponsoring a movement to stimulate the consumption of apples by advertising. Helen Bernaby, of North Danville, N. H, a nineteen-year-old girl, won a scythe mowing contest against twelve stalwart men at the University of New Hampshire. She mowed 288% square feet of oats in five minutes, leaving an even stubble and a wide swath. Because of the ravages of the corn borer, the M. S. C. poultry department, is already experimenting on rations without earn in them. Corn substi- tutes will be thoroughly tried, and the cost of egg production for each ration computed, as well as the hatchability of the eggs determined. Recent calculations show that there will be a. total eclipse of the sun vis- [ook for the _:‘ZUI2ite ‘pr .‘Band and . the Big 8 ‘ ontheSole flmfimnmm -the world’s best work rubber It will take just one pair of ‘Caboose’ Rubbers to prove to you that they actually wear from two to three times longer than ordinary rubbers. We have yet to learn of a ‘Caboose’ user going back to other brands. Converse builds wear into rubber shoes. The ‘Big C’ Line is noted for service under all conditions, and there are extra—value shoes for every purpose and for every member of the family. Locate the Converse dealer, for greater economy and satisfaction. ‘ '9' mun-snow A comfortable boot is aconstant satisfaction, and long wear means economy. You will find both in the Con- verse ‘Ruff-Shod’. Look for the White Top Band and ‘Big C’ on sole. ‘Nebraska’ 1:1 The popular four—buckle all-rub- ber shoe. Warm, .comfortable, easily cleaned and retains no . odors. If you have never tried an all-rubber shoe, start with the ‘Nebraska’. You will like it. The ‘Chief’esame as -~ ‘Nebrarka’, except in 5- ‘ .- buckle height. ‘Watershed’ An old-time favorite. Heavy cloth uppers, , thick fleece lining and tough white tire soles. i; Easy to wear—hard ' " to wear but. Look for the ‘Big C’ on the sole. I want to send your wife a quarter yard sample of my av SUPER EIGHT OUNCE DOUBLE DUTY DENIM FREE I want her to give you her opinion of the cloth of which HEADLIGHT OVE BALLS are made—then you will know why I say: “A Smile oi Satisfaction with every pair” “4“ 1 ..I..... REMARKABLE GUARANTEE If, when this Overall is completely worn out you do not think that 811 1- Eight Ounce Double but Denim Headlight eralla are better and wil outwear any other overall made-l will give you back your money. Beware of imitations. LARNED, CARTER 87. CO. Detroit, Michigan .1” Send me your name and address I'___'.—_._l Come to Cahforma and settle in STAN ISLAUS C0. It is an Empire of Natural Wealth,where the land owns the water and the power. Abundance of water for irrigation and cheap electricity right on your farm. All year crops, diversified farm- ing;‘close to good markets;awon— derful climate; paved roads; good schools; land priced very low. Write today for free booklet. Dept. B, STANISLAUS COUNTY DEV ELOPMENT BOARD (COUNTY CHAMBER OF COM- MERCE.) MODESTO, CALIF. c o A L‘s3.1 0 PER TON AT THE MINES Hand picked. shaker screened lump. Buy direct and save money. Write today for free illustrated cirru- lar and delivered price. Satisfaction sun-on Farmer agents wanted. Theo. Burt &. Sons, Box 40, Melrose, 0. Try a Michigan'Farmer Liner j 7 {142—12 , HE En had stopped andtfié'giifi was. s ‘otting the nuts min'é set- 153119-}. with golden jpatches. iil§i was on his way to i- wish j icolo’s wife, and presen- ' e‘ cans to a cottage much neater ; " its éneighbors and with clean, ’hite bur a'ins at the front windows. e knficked at the door and, almost ii'stantly, the door was opened and a , use woman confronted him, with ‘ i‘k, wide eyes gazing into his. “What hev you?" she asked him; and, realizing that his coming suggest- 'lé‘d neWs from the mine, he replied finickly, “Nothing’s happened. I just ’came to see you. I’m a newspaper ‘man. You are Mrs. Baresi?” “Nicolo’s wife, I am,” she said with the Slightest of accents. Though the mother of five children, she was not older than Lucy. Her ‘BmOOth olive throat was exposed and her arms were bare, for she had rolled Up the sleeves of her blue gingham house dress. She was shorter than Lucy, and heavier, but in a madonna- like way. Instantly you thought of this woman as giving life. She said, “Eef my baby, you do not mind him, come in. Now I give him the bath.” “I don’t mind a bit,” assured Jim, and stepped into the front room where, in the full sunlight which was stream- ing through the windows, was Lucy, bent over a low table upon which stood a tin tub in which sat a four- months-old boy. Lucy was supporting him; and she was doing her best to appear expert and easy at it. But as the baby slip- ped slightly, she grabbed him in such a desperate grip that Jim burst out laughing. “'hen he had started laughing, he kept right on; for it, was so good to have something to laugh at that morn- ing. And as Jim laughed, Lucy went red from her forehead to her chin. The baby seemed to feel something funny in this queer, tense hold upon him. He bent back his round head and gurgled. “Bambino mio!” his mother exclaim- ed; and with the deftest of hands be- neath her baby’s arms, she supported him and relieved Lucy; at the same time, for her assistant’s conspicuous embarrassment, Mrs. Baresi made ex- planation: “Miss Blaine, she come to see me. Alretty, Ferdinando. he is in the tub. I hear tap at the door. I jump. I say, ‘One minute. for me you hol’ the baby.’ She do it for me very kind.” “Very kind, indeed,” Jim agreed sob- erly,and, looking at Lucy, he knew that she could have choked him cheer- fully. . Mrs. Baresi gazed from one of them to the other, puzzled. It was clear that. they knew each other; so she offered no comment, but busied her- self with the baby’s bath. Lucy also remained silent. Jim, feeling the need of conversation, asked Mrs. Baresi, “You’ve other children, haven’t you?” “Oh. my, yes! Four others.” “Is Ferdinando the youngest?” That gave Lucy her innings, and she shrieked. “\Vell, Jimmy,” she patron- ized, “at least I’ve seen a baby be- fore." Jim admitted they were even. “Horse apiece,” he said. The babys’ bath was soon finished. Then, having come for the purpose of getting Mrs. Baresi to talk about Nic- 010. Jim led into the subject. “He will come back to me!” Amata Baresi asserted, with glistening eyes. “How I think of h' 1! I tell you! Nicolo, he is down V here it is dark; oh, yes, all black! But her sing—J’ and she sang “Donna e Mobile.” Her voice broke; but she continued: “That way! That how he sing! Oh, I sing not like Nicolo! He sing so gran’. For everybody he sing! May— be somebody, down where it is so dark, he get afrai’. Not Nicolo! Oh, no! ‘Corregio!’ he say, and hold him Actz‘vztzer of A! Acme—More «A‘- . .;w......v..... u.” ., .> a . us. l The Song .in theDark By Edwin Balmsr A Shert Story Continued ham Last Week ....,- H. w.» .uymd so strong. ‘Corra‘ abompare!’ Then nobody can be a rai’. And I know sometime he speak to me. He say soft, for only me to hear, ‘I will come back, my girl!’ He say, ‘10 tornero, fanciulla mia!’ So he Call, me‘ ‘fanci- ulla mia!’ An’ Iknow Nicolo, he come back!” And Nicole’s fanciulla, his little girl, burst into tears. _ Three or four minutes later Lucy Blaine and Jim Steever were walking away from Nicolo’s home. “Well, I should think.” said Lucy, “you’d be feeling particularly illustri- ous just now. You did such a consid— erate little act. There was that wom- an, packing about all she could bear, with this waiting; she was holding up her end in a way I’d pray for power to do, if I was ever in her place. Of course, I could never be in her place. For I could never care for any man in the bath. He was a four-months- otd infant, the youngest of the family, as laseertained upon inquiry. Within five minutes I had Mrs. Baresi’s as- surance that she believed her husband wOuld return; and in no time after that I had her in tears’.” Jim had no come-back, and changed the subject: “Where are we going?” “I don’t know,” said Lucy. “Don’t you? You started this way.” The path they took led frOm the tiny town. They came to a bit ofpasture land where the sun had dried the ground at the top of the slope. Below them lay the rows of miners’ cottages, the shining white sides of the store, the church with its steeple and belfry, and beyond, the black buildings about the mine and the stack, from which smoke was rising. “We’ll hear the bell, if it rings,” said P —’ If we would strive to do our share Of this world’s work, without com- plaining, And treat our fellow-beings fair, And think of giving—more than gaining; If we would do our daily shift To make the world a little better, And other people’s burdens lift—— We’d free ourselves of every fetter! I If we would strive to give but smiles, And banish frowning from our faces, And learn to hear our frets and riles, And do our best in our own places; If we would cease from stress and strife, And keep from getting in a flurry, We’d put real living into life— And banish ev’ry foolish worry! If we would strive go do our best IT’S UP TO US?- By James Edward Hungerford instead of merely idly “drifting,” And “play the game,” and “stand the test,” Our trouble clouds would all be lift- ing! If we would strive each day to give The finest that we have to offer, We’d truly, truly learn to live— And happiness would fill our coffer! If we would work “boss,” Instead of “getting by” or shirking, With golden hours a total loss, That we should give to willing work- ing; If we would make the Golden Rule Our creed—and bravely try live it, We’d get our due on God’s Footstool—- And He would more than gladly give it! right with the t0 half her way. However, there she was, keeping hold of herself. Catch her weeping around the mine mouth! Not she! She’s listening for the bell, but till it rings she’s sticking to her post seeing after her children, feeding ’em, washing ’em. keeping ’em from get- ting frightened. Then in you walk on her, and ask her how she is feeling!” “I did not!” denied Jim. “About the same as.” . Jim was feeling so particularly un- illustrious that he retorted, “Well, what were you doing there? I sup- pose you dropped in, as an old friend, to make a pleasant little social call.” “I did not. I came to get copy for about fourteen hundred words which I’m supposed to shove on the wire this afternoon,” Lucy admitted. “Well,” said Jim again, “what are you going to shove?” “\Vhat’re you?” demanded Lucy. “I suppose you'll say, ‘I dropped in to in- terview the wife of Nicolo for the readers of the “Telegraph”;” Lucy composed paraphrases of his imagi- nary story; “ ‘and there, in the min- er’s simple home, I came upon the maiden lady correspondent for anoth- er paper,-awkwardly holding the baby Lucy. She meant that bell which would peal or toll when word reached the mine mouth that the rescuers had news below. Lucy said, “I think I’ve met my share of the women who are consider- ed interesting to the general reader. Most of them have simply given me the sensation of extreme lassitude— bustling old four-flushers!” She had spoken with vehemence. But, after a pause, she went on more calmly, “Now, this morning is entirely different. I’m the four-flusher. That’s what I’m feeling. I don’t feel tired at all. I want to do something, because I’ve never felt so worthless in all my life as I do since I’ve spent a morning with Amata Baresi.” Jim gazed at. her fate, which was turned away from him. “What do you want to do?” he asked. She didn’t answer. “Amata Baresi is undoubtedly the most benighted soul I have ever met,” Lucy continued. “She gets on without the most reudi- mentary conception of current thought about women. She hasn’t. the slightest impulse to develop her personality—~” “Oh, come now!” Jim objected. “Five children!" T /2472 One Cylinder z'r M zkrzizg 072 S/z'm’r Car #4 - tar-ted. . j \, as aw ~ , “You know whit I mean!" Lucy re-U “I bet she 'hasn’t been to a. lecture her liffi—neven heard at the {it rave ,. screnti c regulation ahd'lim- ita ion _of the family. She’s ,iiimply blundered blindly ahead and had five of the,lovegestvchildren I. ever, saw. She’s probe 1y not got, two dollars in the bank, and her husband's‘d'o'wn in a coal mine on the wrong side bf a dis- aster. T‘en toone he’s dead—the im- provident emotionalist. Isn’t he?” Lucy asked. “Ten to one Nicolo’s dead, isn’t that so?” ‘ “A1 0f ten to one," Jim agreed. “Look here,” he. went on suddenly, “I’ve met my share of four-flushers, too.. Men mostly. I’m so fed up with ’em that I’d got to think everybody was a flour-flusher or a, fake. ‘I came down here, naturally wanting to think about Nicolo—that he didn’t do what they said he did; that he didn’t mean to, if he did do it; or that he never really had a chance to get out of the mine himself. But he did—” ‘ “Boom!” went the bell about twenty minutes later, while Lucy and Jim still sat on the slope. A second boom re- sounded, deep and slow; and when the bell pealed again there could be no doubt that it sounded a toll. Reluc- tantly, at long, lingering intervals it beat: “Boommm—boommm.” - Lucy and Jim were on their feet. They looked toward the bell. Then they gazed at each other and tears filled Lucy’s eYes. Her lips quivered. “They’ve found them,” she said. “They are dead.” “Maybe not all,” said Jim. Lucy clutched at his sleeve. “Oh, not Nicolo, anyway! Not Nicolo, Jim!” “Come!” said Jim, and he clasped her hand. “The women are running.” It was not Nicolo. The rescue crew had found two men dead, but they were in a different heading from that down which Nicolo had run. These two men had been killed by after- damp; and, of course, this was no good omen. It told too plainly what must have happened to the rest of the men, unless they had found safe ref- uge somewhere. The rescue crew made slow progress along that heading into which Nicolo had disappeared, for they found a lot. of “bad roof” had come down. This discovery held out hope, for if some‘ body had brought down the timbering before the second explosion, and so had sealed the entries with roof and sand, the gas might have been kept out, and the men farther on might have been protected. Several miners among those who had escaped remembered that Nicolo had worked in the original cutting un- der this “bad roof.” Surely he had known it; likely it had been in his mind when he jumped to do some- thing before the second explosion. ‘ Lucy and Jim put this and other relevant matter on the Wire that even- ing. They waited up until very late, on the chance that more discoveries would be made before the press “run” started. Then they separated and went to bed. ‘A bell was beating in the night: “Behmm, behmm!” 0n and on, quick- ly and sharply it beat. Not at all like the toll of the dirge of yesterday; not at all unwillingly. "Behmm, behmm!" It told of victory and triumph. Jim leaped from his bed, where he had been sleeping without being un- dressed. The dim gray of daWn was at his window ,and a voice Was shout- ing, “Everybody’s alive! Every man —-all of them—allwall right!” The shout ceased in the English tongue and others took it up; Jim heard the cries of women. He came out to the street, where they were running and calling to one another. The church was lighted. The whole village was aglow, and the electric lamps high up on the poles glinted on the sheds of the mine from which the cage was lifting the first of the twen- (Continued on page 445). - Frank R. L362 PM LOOKIN’ FER A GOOD 6ECOND HAND CAR, ONE l WU6EMY6ELE AL! You OUGHTO PlCK ONE THAT LOOK‘5 ' «E A [IDN You BETTER GRAB rr QUICK, YounG FELLERS, YOU'LLNEVER Fmo ANOTHER BARGAlN Luge RGAIN Tms ~ IT"5 CHEAPTO RUN N You '1' EVEN HAVE Tb //—‘ ALICEN9E l'LL SAY TT'S ECONOMICA him, AND NO WONDER IT DON’T NEED A LiCEHSEI our ATWATER KENT RADIO This is 1/11? rxlra—fmqemful fl Indy] 3: Rereimn’, Terr/1 ().\' I: 1)i.1/. Sewn 111/)“th zeyzm ell. 30/111 mil/mg m1 y t‘tl/irm't. I)! ire, n’jx [It/W5 and batteries, but -.'t'///i butter 1‘ mMe twat/It'll, $110. YOU REACH FARTHER mm’ 512‘ a sew/M6 prim If you live far from broadeasting stations, you must have an exceptionally powerful receiving set. 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