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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live





VOL. CXXXVI. No. 13. i

Whole Number 35“.





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DETROIT, MICH.. SATURDAY. APRIL I. 1911.





Stock Journal in the State.





Shoo A YEAR.

52.75 FIVE YEARS.





ecuring and Maintaining a High-Class Dairy Herd.





OW a high average may be ob-

H tained, and once obtained, held,



is a problem as intricate as it is

immense. Many splendid herds, created

by genius, have passed into oblivion

through the inability of owners to hold

them up to the high average that has

beenattained. When a high average is

reached the greatest care and skill are

required, for having reached this point,

there is always a tendency to degenerate.

Many of the most skillful breeders of

dairy cattle have been deceived by certain

crosses, and it requires study and close

observation to detect any error in time

to prevent its extending. Whether this

tendency is due to the attainment of the

breeder’s ideal and then a relapse, or to

the exhaustion of the animal due to in-

adequate feeding, bad environment or

bad breeding is an intricate question.

Does Like Beget lee, or is Variation



the Hope of the Breeder of



Dairy Cattle?



The first and foremost aim of the

breeder of a herd of registered cattle is

to fix and perpetuate uniform character-

istics in the herd. Like begets like, and





were it not for their faith in this tact,_





very few men would ' buy registered





5 breeding animals; however, variation is





an associate lav: that enables good qual—

ities seen in individuals to be :1ch and

made permanent by selection. An animal

may be unlike either parent in color,

markings and appearances, yet possess

many qualities superior to either. Such

an animal should not be discarded be-

cause it does not posses the markings re—

quired by the fixed standard of the herd.

It is rash to reject a creative force in

the shape of a sire or dam, discovered

under whatever circumstances that

promises to bring about the results he is

seeking.



Breeders select sires and dams that

have strongly inherited tendencies to

breed true to one type and to transmit

these tendencies to their descendants,

but if variation ceases and all of the

animals are of one type, temperament and

capacity, how are they to secure the ben-

efits of selection. Common sense dictates

that he should not keep scallawags as

breeders or mate his animals promiscu-

ously, yet I believe breeders should mul-

tiply to such an extent that they will

have outstanding individuals in their

herds to carry on the work of further

improvement. It is wrong to make an

idol of uniformity. The important law

of variation that clothes the world with

variety should be studied far enough back

in ancestry and far enough forward in

ideals to enable breeders of dairy cattle

to move with well thought out plans.



Pure Breds Vs. Scrubs.



Various experiments have proved that

grades and scrubs have the ability to re—

turn as many pounds of meat and milk

from the amount 'of food consumed as a

pure-bred animal. Such results seem

startling, but on reflection they are not

unreasonable. Breeders have fixed form

in meat-producing animals and itis of

great economic importance. It places the

maximum development in parts that have

the highest selling value. The Jersey or

Holstein steer is capable of turning as

much food into flesh as the Hereford or

Polled Angus steer, but this does not

signify that they will give as valuable a

carcass, for the packing house dressing

sheet is the final tribunal from whose

decision there is no appeal and this places

a higher value upon the well rounded

carcass of the Hereford and Angus

steers. Breeders have fixed in the but-





ter breeds of dairy cattle a larger ratio

of fat to total milk solids, a very im-

portant point, since fat sells for several

times the price of other milk solids.



But the most important factor in

breeding has been neglected, because no

one has tried to fix it in his herd. This

is the power to increase the ratio of food

that goes to the production of milk, and

we have no direct evidence that pure-

bred animals have the ability to make

better use of their food that goes to pro-

duction, than scrubs and grades; in fact,

there is evidence that they do not. This

explains why dairy farmers cannot per—





of perfection is sure to be the cow that

gives him the best returns, consequently

she must not only be a large producer

but an economical producer. In judging

registered stock for what they will pro—

duce, ancestry must be weighed to an

extent of fully fifty per cent of the whole.

To the man who keeps a sire or dam for

producing young, a knowledge of pedi-

gree, whether pure-bred or grade, is Of

as much importance as the make-up of

the animal itself. Estimating the value

of pedigrees must ever be a determining

factor in the work of breeding and suc-

cess will be achieved by those who mas—





 





 





 





A Convenient Germl'nating Box for Seed Corn, Divided Into Squares for Kernels

from Separate Ears by Twine Stretched Across its Top.





 





 





 





Ten Days After Corn is Planted in Germinating Box, a Good Stage of Growth

in which to Judge the Quality of Seed Ears from which it Came.





ceive any better results from feeding

pure-bred cows than grades or scrubs.

it seems to me that we have ar-

rived at a stage in the development of

our dairy breeds when we must consider

the ability of the cows to consume, digest

and assimilate their food and use these

feed records as a basis of selection in

mating breeding animals. Anything that

could be done to”increase the ability of

dairy cattle to produce milk and butter

at less cost would mean the saving of a

vast amount of dairy farmers. You may

assert that breeding from the best leads

to this efficiency. I claim that reliable

data does not prove the assertion.

Judging Pedlgrees.



The cow that shows a profit at the end

of the year gives more real satisfaction

than a phenomenal producer who does

her work at a loss. The dairyman’s ideal





ter and utilize this knowledge and do not

lose sight of the pcdigree's best proof, the

make—up of the animal itself.



The new breeder attaches too much im~

portance to pedigree, as it often blinds

him to the necessity of going behind the

pedigree for study of the merits of the

individual. Pedigrees merely trace the

parentage of an animal and do not tell

the merits of the ancestry. They have

no value beyond tracing the parentage

of an animal. It is up to the buyer or

breeder to trace out the merit of the an—

cestry as best he can. With all pedigrees

there should be a record of performance.



It is true that in the dairy breeds we

now have the advanced registry that

gives the production record of the regis—

tered animal. This record should contain

a full record of the amount of food con—.

sumed during the period this forced rec-





ord was being made. Common animals

would often put to shame some. of the

advanced registry records, if the item of

food consumed was taken into account.

The time has come when it is up to the

breeder of dairy cattle to make pedigrees

mean more than they do now.

Inbreeding and Line Breeding.



Inbreeding is what its name would sig-

nify, while line breeding is simply mat-

ing animals of the same line of breeding,

but not having the same immediate an-

cestors, but those that have been brcd

with the some general object in View. It

is not necessary that they be bred in the

same hcrd, but they should possess a

similarity of type, characteristics and

blood lines. This is the surest method of

obtaining results and maintaining uni-

formity of type in a herd.



Line breeding is the closest we can ap-

proach to in—and-in breeding without be—

ing in danger of impairing the size, vigor

and productive capacity of the cattle.

Some of the most famous dairy perform-

ers are closely inbred, but the great trou—

ble with close in-and-in breeding is the

fact that defects and undesirable qualities

appearing in the sire and dam, or In

their remote ancestors, will be more

.mmarked, thus a larger number of animals

YnustJ'be‘ discarded- from the herd, than

is the case where line breeding is prac-

ticed. There is seldom, if ever, an ani-

mal that does not possess some undesir-

able points that its owncr recognizes.

There is no surer way to perpetuate these

points than by close in-aud-in breeding.

Types must be maintained, but very few

herds have been greatly improved by too

close inbreeding for many generations.

It requires less skill, and success is far

more certain to blend blood by line breed-

ing than by outcrossing and concentrat-

ing it by uniting various families of a

breed. It. requires years of systematic

selection and breeding to sift out the

good qualities of the many families of a

breed and organizing them into a. single

family that has a fixed type and pre-

pontency. Breeders who attempt to mul-

tiply Variations (outside of certain fam—

ilies), cannot succeed in establishing pre—

poicncy and productive capacity in their

herds.



The Mission of Feed.





Good feeding is an integral part of suc—

cess in breeding dairy cattle. Heredity

is a peculiar force. YVc can use it to do

some things, we can head it off to pre-

vent it doing other things we do not

want, and frequently it does things that

no one can account for. Much that ap-

peals to the eye is caused by what goes

in at the mouth. Good breeders who have

made a mark have been good feeders.

Feed is not all, for there are many cows

that cannot return a profit under any

system of feeding. It is no more possible

to get a large milk yield from cows of

low vigor and capacity to produce milk

than it would be to get great speed from

a Belgian or Clydesdale horse by heavy

feeding. No dairy farmer should feed

unprofitable cows. But such cows are to

be found as well in the registered herds

of the country as among the grades and

scrubs, although perhaps in small pro-

portions. It is the writer’s opinion that

food has been as important as blood in

the development of the leading dairy

breeds.



Selecting and Mating.



The road to success is not clearly

marked,'but many points are plain. In

improving a butter herd animals that

apply the largest ratio of food eaten to



(Continued on page 387).
378

FARM .Nores.





a





Testing the Seed Corn.



The importance of planting good seed

corn cannot be emphasized too strongly.

Every farmer will concede that point

without argument. But does every farmer

take the precaution necessary to insure

that only good seed corn is planted? As

has been frequently reiterated in these

columns. the only absolutely certain way

of insuring that only good seed is planted

is to make an ear test of the seed corn,

and discard every car which does not

give perfect germination and produce

strong, vigorous plants. Nor is this a

very great task. 0n the preceding page

is illustrated a simple form of germinat-

ing box, marked off into squares for the

planting of grains of corn selected

from different cars. After the box is

prepared simply lay out the best-avail—

able seed ears on a table. and commenc-

ing at one end of the first row take four

or six kernels from different parts of each

ear and plant in the first square in the

box. Continue the process until all the

squares are filled, placing the ears from

which the kernels are selected in con—

secutive order. Then place the box in

some room where the temperature is suit—

able and give it a little water occasion-

ally. After about ten days take- the box

to the place where the corn has been ar-





ranged in consecutive order as above

mentioned and examine each square in

turn, placing the Corresponding car from





which the kernels in the square examined

were taken in the baskets or crates to be

used as seed and rejecting those which

do not come up to the standard in ger-

minating power or in vigor of the plants

which have grown.



This will take comparatively little time,





and will pay a very high wage for the

time required. It can easily be done in





an evening or on a stormy day. and all

the members of the family will be inter-

ested in the work and in the results sc-

cured. The germinating l1ox can be cas-





iiy made by securing a light, shallow

packing case from your grocer, and the,

work of preparing it is very simple. The





result will prove a surprise to every man

who has not tried this method of testing

seed corn, and it will be found that quite

a percentage of 1b.) oz‘tt‘v will be 1eJectcd

from a. lot of sccul corn that will give a

fairly good germinating test when the test

is made in a proniisiruotw way by the

planting of a few kernels selected at ran-

dom. When the fact is considered that

ten ears of corn is enough to plant .1111

acre, the advantage of having every cu"

tested for germinating quality and vigor

will at once become apparent. «11‘ course.

the other kind of test is better than none.

but one cannot be too particul.11 its

the quality of the seed planted.

in a year like the present when the sup-

ply of really good limited.

It is none too early to

this kind, to the end

'may be secured and

case the available supply upon the farm

should not test out well. This is the

first step necessary to insure :1 good crop

of corn the coming season, and a good

crop of cm is the most important thing

for a successful year on almost any Mich—

igan farm.

Treat the Seed Oats for Smut.



There is no one of the easily prevent-

able l'ungous which attack our

common farm crops that causes a greater

financial loss every year than the loose

smut of outs. \\'hen we consider how

easily this trouble may be prevented, it

is a cause for Wonder that more farmers

do not take the necessary precautions to

eliminate this loss. The simplest method

of treatment is to clean the seed well and

spread it on a tight barn floor in a thin

layer. Mix one pound (a pint! of com-

mercial formaldehyde (40 per cent solu-

tion) with 40 gallons of water and

sprinkle the outs until thoroughly wet.

Then add another layer of oats and

sprinkle as before, and so on until the

Whole has been moistened.

the moistened mass of grain with a

scoot), adding more solution if necessary

to insure that every grain has been thor-

oughly wet. Then shovel inio a com-

pact pile and cover with a canvas or

blankets and allow to stand for at least

two hours, after which the grain should

be again spread out in a thin layer to

dry and occasionally shoveled over to

facilitate the drying process. When thor-

oughly dried the grain may be bagged.

To insure that it will not be reinfected

with smut spores the floor should be well

sprinkled with the solution before the

treating is done, and unless new bags

are used these should also be disinfected

as well as the grain drill. This treatment





l

05:11: lull.

seed 1‘11l‘ll is

11111111- :1 test 111‘

that lli‘llt‘l'

tested in turn in





seed





'1 iscases





 





Then turn '





   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





will insure the comparative freedom of

the crop from smut and will proportion-

ately increase the yield and quality of the

-grain as well as the feeding value of the

straw.





Subsoillng. _



My attention has lately been directed

to sub-soiling, but I find very little litera-

ture devoted to the subject. I believe

the practice has in it the possibilities of

much good and venture to think that

others of your readers besides myself

would be interested in an article on the

matter from your pen. \Vould you kindly

tell us something of its method. the

theory of its action on the soil, its ad~

vantages its practicability in general

farming. etc.. - SUBSCRIBER.



The theory of subsoiling, which was

quite popular in some sections a genera-

tion or more ago, was the loosening up

of the lower strata. of soil, admitting air,

improving natural drainage and facilitat‘

ing the natural processes of making the





‘inert plant food in the‘ soil available for





growing crops. “'ith the advent of tile

drainage and the growing of clover at

frequent intervals in the crop rotation,





elbow which delivers it below the surface

so as to not disturb the bacteria which

attack the sewage and render it harm-

less and which multiply in the frothy

sludge which covers the surface of the

contents of the tank like a blanket. The

outlet pipe is arranged in a similar man-

ner and for a like purpose as shown in

the accompanying cut. Baffle boards, so

called, or partial partitions are placed in

the tank to break up the current when

the sewage enters the tank so as to avoid

too much disturbance of the bacteria.

The position of these are also shown in

the cut. Formerly these tanks were made

in two sections, but this arrangement has

been found to serve every purpose and is

much cheaper to construct.



It should be remembered that the sep-

tic tank must be made tight, as the bac-

teria will not develop and thrive in the

presence of light and an abundance of

fresh air. This necessitates the making

Of a concrete cover for the tank with

tight fitting manholes, which can be eas-

ily accomplished by a careful workman





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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Horizontal Sectional

the practice lost its popularity, as nearly

the, same rcsiiits were achieved in a more

i)(*i1ll()llil('tll manner. The tile drain is

the most practical and permanent means

of bettering the drainage in heavy and

wet soils. and the growing of clover,

which has an elaborate and deep root

system loosens up the subsoil for thc'ad-

111ission of air, and also aids in making

its content of mineral plant foods more

available for the use of other plants

which follow the clover. .\t the present

time little subsoiling is done, but in some

sections a method of deep tillage is

used, in which a plow is arranged to

throw a second furrow from the bottom

of the first and mix the subsoil with the

surface soil. This has been found bene-

ficial for alfalfa and some other crops





View of Septic Tank.





and the use of steel reinforcement in the

cover. The tank should be located where

the side walls will be entirely under!

ground and so located that flood watersl

will not gain access, to the tank. This

method of construction will insure that

the tank will be warm as well as dark

and light, which will afford ideal condi~

tmns for the bacteria. which develop and

live in mlich the same way as another

species which causes the fermentation

which converts cider into vinegar. These

bacteria attack and destroy the solid

matter in the sewage, which is discharged

as clear water, without offensive odors.

For best results a filter bed of cinders

should be provided where the drain pipe

discharges, but even this will not be ab-





solutely necessary if the riiccnazsc nine





 





 





 





 





 





   

 

 





 

   





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$35.22

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which require considerable lime on soils

which are of \limestone formation but

from which the lime has been washed or

exhausted in the surface soil. Much is

claimed for this method on some soils for

other crops as well. and this method may

be worth a trial on some of our heavier

and more impervious soils. It can be

tried on a small scale by following the

plow used in turning the first furrow with

:1 smaller plow which will turn a furrow

from the bottom of the first where it will

be mixed with the surface soil in sub-

sequent cultivation. It is questionable,

however, whether this method would

prove profitable on loam soils or any ex-

cept the more impervious clays.





THE SEPTIC TANK.





“'ill you advise me as to how In build

a septic tank or a sanitary cesspool for

farm home.



Eaton (‘11. J. G.





There is no such thing as a sanitary

cesspool. A cesspool is simply a pit dug

in the ground into which the house sew-

age is run, and there is nothing to pre-

vent it from percolating through the soil

and contaminating the water supply. The

cesspool is always dangerous, but the

septic tank will afford an inexpensive

means for the disposal of farm sewage in

a safe and sanitary manner. The modern

septic tank is simply a concrete tank

buried in the ground into which the. sew-

age is introducedithrough a. pipe with an





 





 





4/7/ 7/. //;Z‘Z////'?27//Q/ 7/ /1//// . My; /





Transverse Sectional View of Septic Tank.





b





empties at some distance from the house.



The size of the tank required will. of

course, depend somewhat upon the work

which it is expected to do, but it is best





 





 





 





 





 





to have it large enough so that its capac-

ity may not be overtaxed as the cost will

not be much greater.

mended for a. family of eight or ten per-





sons, is five feet wide, five feet deep and'





ten feet long, inside dimensions, and for

a tank of this size the walls should be

eight inches thick.

placed the inlet and outlet pipes should

be placed, putting them in 21/2 feet below





the ground level. These should prefer-

ably be of 6—in. sewer pipe and should

have elbows directed downward inside





the tank as illustrated. in making the

side walls heavy bolts should be inserted

two and four feet from the inlet end for

the, later attachment of the partitions or

baffle boards. These boards should be

made to reach entirely across the tank,

extend above the sewage and to within

one foot of the bottom of the tank. In

building the manholes short pieces of inch

gaspipe may be inserted in them for

needed ventilation, as illustrated. The

forms may be removed through the man-

holes and should be placed with that in

view.



This form of septic tank has the ap—

proval of the best sanitary engineers and

the plans are taken from “Concrete in

the Country” 3. new book published by





Before the forms are:





The size recom-:





 





 





GET OUR

[REE BOOKLET





Ve w1nt. to send every farmer a

copy of our l1 rce Illustrated Booklet

on "(iEAlx’LESS” HAY LOADERS.



It is full of interesting hay loader





facts and shows conclusively Why

more “(iEARLESS” HAY LOAD-

ERS are sold each ycartlian anyother.



The "GEARL SSS" hasthat natural,

easy. long stroke of the hand rake.



It doe: all the work of any iylinder

loader , yet has no ge- is to bug 1k no

chains to 11111 oil and break, no te—

turn webs to unload the bay. and it

can be easily opetatel by one man.



Right now is the time to post your-

self on hay loudcis.



“the ho out FIcc Booklet today.

Postal will do.





LACROSSE HAY TOOL 60.,





32nd Street. Chicago Heights, Illlnols





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





He simply steers it~the machine does ALL the

work. A slight pressure of the foot moves the

wheels and shovels simultaneously to the right or

left. at; the will of the dri\er. whi e the width be-

tween gangs and depth of shovels are instantly

and easily adjusted while machine is in motion.





Hillsides. Uneven land and

Crooked Rowsas Easily Cul-

tivated as Level Ground.





Simple' 1n oconstruction—





nothi‘ ll out. U! \11‘

oer. mu een irelyofsteel





andmalleableiron- -e\ery

art interchangeable.

uilt for wear and work.

Light draft. igh or low

wheels or Pu 0!; gang.

Also Clipper Hammock Bent.

There isjust one Kraus—it

vour dealer does not have it

:lce [11. no otltcr- but write us

31 11.] today for free catalog.





AKRON CULTIVATORCO.

\__ DEPT. 12 AKRON 011110





Sizlft. ’





Take off the shafts and at on the

pole in a minute’s time; o it With-

out tools and without effort. You

can if you have the bug? you own

or the buggy you buy tted with





Femald Quick-Shins

They are simple, durable and safe.

They fit any shaft or pole eye

They rmanently gr eventrat’clinz

and t iey cost but 50. a pair.

ygglreti‘arriage .tharneaf or hai (twat;

canno 811

850.. to 11 pp y you. sen

Fer-aid Mfg. Co..lucNortI1£ut. Pa.

Manufacturers of Femald Double

Tiace Holder. Fetnald Dash Rein

Holder and Spitzli Coupler.





 





 





 





 





 





iSlandard Among Drilling Machines





 





the Universal Portland Cement Company.





The oldest established manufacturers the largest

line of drilling machines and tools, and 41 years

of successful operation in nearly every country

.13. 1n the world, make





it American Drilling Machines





Standard the world over.



For every possible condition of earth

nd rock drilling and mineral pi 11-1-

pecting we make a. drill espe-

cially designed for the le-



uiremeut.



Catalog No.105, the most

complete drill hole” catalog

ever issued, Free.





, ' The American Well Works





General Office and Works.

Aurora, 111.





Chicago Oflice: First; Na.

tional Bank Bldg.





BINDER TWINE





Let Me 8:13 You Some Money Again.





First-class Standard Binder Twine. 651 cents per

pound. First t-lo ass Sta tandard Manila Twine 6% cent!

per pound. Other goods such





Impl menu, Spraying Material. Seeds, etc”

at Money-Saving Prlcos. Write





BENJ. F. FOSTER, Alligan, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





LOGS WAN"I"ED—V5'aa.lnuthn Oak





GEORGE I. McCLURE. Detroit,:M10h1¢un-





17..





.

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.Ard‘." vm“ —
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,4

4.





 





APRIL 1, 1911.

SEEDlNG CLOVER “SUCCESSFULLY.





 





The keynote in getting a seeding of

clover is the mechanical condition of, and

the humus in, the soil. The mechanical

condition can be improved, first, by un-

derdralnlng where needed; second, by

putting vegetable matter in the soil, pre—

ferably as a top-dressing, and by plow—-

ing stalks, weeds and other vegetation

under. Straw spread on the wheat will

make a catch of clover reasonably cer-

tain, but top-dressing with barnyard ma-

nure makes a seeding of clover almost

certain. Here the manure spreader is

invaluable, on account of making the

manure go as far as possible. I never

object to straw or sawdust in the ma-

nure, as I consider manure worth a great

deal for a mulch, besides the plant food

contained therein. Since manure on fair-

ly good soil makes a seeding of clover

a practicable certainty, I put all the ma-

nure I can get on my growing wheat. I

seldom plow under manure directly, as I

consider it worth more to make wheat

and clover, and a good sod is one of the

best coats of manure one can have: By

using the manure to get a catch of clo-

ver, I use my available means and fer—

tilizer to make clover, if the land is not

sufficiently strong already. This plant

in turn employs innumerable bacteria to

gather fertility for me. In other words,

by getting more clover, I am employing

more help in the form of bacteria to

gather fertility for my soil.



Commercial fertilizer is often a great

help in getting a seeding of clover; but

it by no means makes it certain. Often

the soil is too wet and clammy on ac-

count of a lack of proper drainage, or a

lack of humus in the soil; or, possibly the

soil is so poor it makes the sowing of

clover a risky proposition. On such soils,

it is liable to freeze out the following

winter, or it makes a feeble growth, on

account of the land being poor, and a

drouth kills it.



The use of barnyard manure makes

conditions by fermentation, etc., that

cause bacteria to thrive; so fertilizer will

do a greater good than would be possible

without the manure,- as they work better

in conjunction. But in the absence of

barnyard manure, if the soil is rather

thin and sour, the next resort is to use

lime to correct the acidity, as the bac-

teria. will not thrive in a sour soil, and it

is throwing away money to put it there.



I usually sow my clover seed from





 

 

 





 





 





March 20 to April 15. This is late enough

with me usually, and I often sow about

the first of April, but I always try to be

governed by the Weather conditions. I

know that if a hard freeze catches the

clover just after it sprouts, while it is

in the curl, it is sure death, so I always

try to avoid the freeze. Clover may be

successfully sown on wheat where it has

been plowed in the fall and sown to

wheat, and the chances are very good for

a catch here. However, I prefer and

think I can get a better seeding on corn

stubble if' I top—dress with stable ma~





Tina "r314 ’th e 2] 51’?





 





 





nure. I sow the land to oats, drilling the

rows of the oats north and south, and

only using about one bushel of seed to

the acre, thus the clover is not smoth—r





. . H

ered and when the oats are cut the sun l .‘





makes it grow very rapidly instead off

killing it.



I have gotten good seeding of clover‘

sown with rye, but the rye grew so rank

it sometimes tended to choke the clover.

1 am led to believe that there would be

more certainty of getting a seeding of

clover on sandy land without a nurse

crop. I am a great believer in clover and

know it to be a great feed, and will sow

this spring as usual although the seed

is high, especially the best grades, and

that is the only kind that is worth sow-

ing at all. Finally, 1 would say, if sown

with a nurse crop, don’t crowd the clo-

ver, and use lime to correct acidity, or

manure to increase fertility and your

barns in the future will be filled with the

best of feed.



Illinois. R. B. BUSHING.





 





Some have said if Mr. Lillie uses small

potatoes for seed, why don’t he advocate

using small, inferior corn for seed? Now,

I don’t think that has anything to do with1

this potato argument at all. For who

ever heard of or had corn too large or

that yielded too much per acre, if it was

fully matured and ripe. But many of us

have had potatoes too large, unless it was

for feeding stock, and we are not in the

habit of growing potatoes for stock feed.





Springtime is clip time, both in the city

and on the farm. Horses that are clipped

dry off fast at night, which is to be pre-

ferred to standing in a heavy wet coat

of hair. “





 

 

 

 

 





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'THE MICHIGAN FARMER. . q ,





 

 

 





fertility the corner stone





OF AGRICULTURE. The modern idea Of plant feeding applies to everything

the soil produces. Take, for instance, our fruit growers in this section. How

many of them are using commercial fertilizers on their orchards? Only the

large and prosperous growers make it a practice to properly fertilize, and they

profit by it. The climatic and other conditions in Michigan and Indiana are

ideal for fruit culture ; still the quality of fruit is greatly deteriorating because

the soil lacks the required supply of plant food to grow abundant crops of the

highest quality. In New York and other Eastern States the fruit growers fer-

tilize heavily. Every farmer will be found to have a stock of good Commercial

Fertilizer stored in his barn and will use it whenever he thinks it necessary.

He no longer looks at the cost, because he has learned from experience that





fertilizer is a good investment.





Why is it that heavy shipments of fine fruit were made from New York State

to Michigan last Fall? Because here was a good market and local supply was

lacking. One of the largest and most successful fruit growers in Northern

Michigan wrote under date of November lst, 1910, as follows—“I had the

fertilizer drilled in the orchard when the peaches were about half grown and it

was very beneficial to the development of the fruit.”





We shall be pleased to hear from every farmer who may be interested in Fertilizer for

all crops. Our Fertilizers arejust right kind to furnish the plant food required for growing

maximum crops. Our experts have given special attention to the crop—iiiaking qualities of

our Fertilizers because we realize that the farmer judges the Fertilizer by its productiveness.

One of the best authorities on agriculture and fertilization says:



“ Commercial valuation bears no relation to the agricultural value of a Fertilizer.

That is measured by the increased yield of crop due to its use."





If we have no agent near you, we want one. This may mean a good

business for you. W’rite us for our proposition.





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Detroit Sales Department. DETROIT, MICH.





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SEEDING OATS IN A CLOVER FIELD.





 





I have a clover meadow which I out

last year. As the timothy seed did not

grow, it is a very poor stand, perhaps

60 per cent of what it should be. Really,

this meadow should be a corn field this

year, but owing to a complete failure of

last year's clover seeding I must cut

this field again this year. I have been

thinking of getting a disc drill and sow-

ing a few oats on this meadow this

spring to be cut with the clover for hay.

What do you think of such a plan‘.‘ “'liat

size disc drill would you buy for a two-

horse drill? Don't you think a disc. drill,

one where the clover seed can be run in

the grain tubes and thereby placed in the

ground and covered would be an ideal

way of sowing clover seed‘.‘ How deep

should clover seed be covered if a drill

was used? Also, will you please tell how

to make the acid test of soil with the

litmus paper? If a soil by this test

proves to be acid would lime help in get—

ting clover to grow? How much lime

would you sow per acre? .



Hillsdale Co. L. VI. M.



My idea is that this plan will not work

out very successfully. although I know

nothing about it because I have never



. tried it, but I should think that if a disk

drill cuts up the ground sufficiently to

cover oats that it will destroy a lot of

clover which probably would be more

valuable than the oats. This, of course,

is reasoning on the theory that the clover

is a thin stand but rather evenly dis-

tributed over the field. 0n the other

hand. if it is patchy, if on a portion of

the field there is a good catch of clover

and on large portions of the field there

is no clover zit all. then one with a disk

drill could simply sow oats where there

was no clover and then raise the disks

and skip over the places where there is

a good stand oi‘ <-'.-~ver. Now this might

work, but ullit'e over with the disk drill

would hardly be sufficient to cover the

oats so that anywhere liczir all of them

would germinate unless the weather con-

ditions were very favorable.



Then again, the oats wil‘. not be ma-

ture enough to cut when lilo clover is.

Oats ought to be fairlv wvl? developed,

they ought to be in mill»: whcu they are

cut for hay in order to get anything like

their full value. Now this won't happen

until probably along the first or second

week in July while the clover will be

ready to cut the last of June. The prob—

ability is that when the clover ought to

be cut for hay the outs will hardly be

headed out, and so I do not believe the

scheme will work and I believe that if I

had the management of this field and

wanted hay or a substitute for hay I

would plow the field just as early as

I possibly could this spring, fit. it up ir.

good shape and sow it to peas and oats

Mix in a proportion of one bushel oi‘ peas

to one bushel of oats by weight, and i be-

lieve you would get a good deal better

crop and would make beticr hay. and

would be much more Illnilllllal" than try-

ing to patch up this old meadow which

has outgrown its usefulness anyway.



If you get the gl‘ttlillll plowml curly. and

the land is rich. or IlliIllC so by using

a good heavy application of fertilizer. it

will be possible to get :i crop ol‘ pea and

oat Il;l_\' which will yield :is well and be

very nearly as good as clover hay. Of

course, there will be the labor of plowing

and lilting and seeding this iield. but my

judgment Would be that it would be a

good investment. to do it.



Testing Soil for Acidity.



(lo to the drug slot" and get a small

amount of blue litmus paper. Don't e):-

post- it to the air .iny more than is nec-

essary until you “'tllll to use it. Take a



trow'c‘. or a big knife, go

press this well into





siiiiill garden

over the lield and

the ground and stick the litmus paper

down into the moist Silll'lintl cover it,

and leave it there a short time. If there

is any acid Ill the soil it will turn the

blue litmus paper red. line ought to go

over the field pretty thoroughly to find

out whether his iield contains acidity

quite generally or whether this was in

certain places of the field.



Another way would be to go quite gen-

erally over the field and gather up with

a trowel a small portion of the SUII from

many different places and mix all to~

gether and then you could test once with

the litmus paper and get an idea of the

acidity.



The clover plant or any other legume

will not do well on an acid soil. The bac-

teria which thrive upon tho roots of the

legume must have a soil that is alkaline.

It cannot thrive in an acid soil. Many

other crops, like corn. wheat, oats or

timothy might do fairly well on a soil

that is slightly acid, but the clover plant

must have an alkaline soil, or a neutral

one at least. .



It‘ the soil, by the litmus paper test,

shows acidity, this acidity can be cor-





 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





rected by the application of carbonate of

lime, or caustic lime. either one. The

caustic lime will have the quicker effect

btit the carbonate of lime will corerct the

acidity and it will not destroy the vege-

table matter in the soil.





Personally, I do not believe that an ap- ‘





plication of 1.500 lbs., or even a ton,

of caustic lime will destroy very much

humus or organic matter if the land

shows an acidity, [because the strength

of the lime or the caustic property of the

lime, will be destroyed by the acid in the

soil and it will be made neutral, conse—

quently it will have no power of acting

upon the organic matter or humus of the

soil and destroying it. Of course, exces-

sive applications of caustic lime would

work upon the vegetable matter and no

doubt destroy a considerable portion of it

and it would not be good policy to do

this, and where one applies lime primar-

ily for a plant food on say, for instance.

the soil that is seeded to alfalfa, know-

ing that the alfalfa is a gross consumer

of lime. I would not think it advisable to

use caustic lime, because it would not

be necessary, but if I had a soil that

turned the litmus paper red I wouldn't

hesitate to put on from 1.000 to 1,200 lbs.

of caustic lime just as soon as possible,

but the question that is being discussed

at the present time is Whether even then

it would not be just as well to use car-

bonate of lime and put it on in larger

quantities. Just as soon as carbonate of

lime is put on a soil that has an acid

reaction. the acid in the soil attacks the

lime and becomes neutral. But the one

application of the carbonate of lime you

can put on a sufficient amount without

any danger of injuring the soil so that

you will not only correct the acidity but

you will furnish an abundant supply as

a plant food also. You can buy the car-

bonate of lime cheaper than you can the

caustic lime. '



I would buy an eleven—disk drill or an

eleven-hoe drill. A good pair of horses

can handle this just as well as they can

a nine—disk drill and you can accomplish

much more in a day.



Clover seed ought not to be sown very

deep. I would not want to let the clover

seed run into the hose with the oats or

wheat seed, because I think much of it

would be covered deeper than it ought to

be. I would prefer to have the clover

seed distributed ahead of the disks.



COLON C. LILLIE.





FERTILIZER QUESTIONS.





I never used any fertilizer, but I Wish

to sow six acres of cats on land that

grew beans last year. 'The land is clay

loam with some sandy spots. The stones

on it are mostly limestone. The land was





 





sod previous to the bean crop. What

kind and what amount of fertilizer





should I use? I have no barnyard nia-

nure to give it. Since it will be only an

experiment, I have no machine to spread

it. llow should I put it on? “'hat kind

and amount should I use for corn on the

same kind of land?



Antrim Co. ' G. G. H.



Since you have no fertilizer drill, the

fertilizer can be sown broadcast as you

would wood ashes or plaster. It‘ you se-

lect a day when the wind doesn‘t blow

it is not so bad a job to sow it by hand.

or you can dump it onto a stone boat and

with a shovel spread it quite evenly over

the ground and theirharrow it in, or you

can go over the field with a lumber wag—

on and scatter it from the wagon box.



Now. as to the amount, I would rec-

ommend that you use 200 to 300 lbs. of

fertilizer to the acre on the beans, sown

broadcast and burrowed into the soil.

For the corn, I would recommend 500 lbs.

pc-l‘ acre, distributed in the same way.

For beans I would use a fertilizer con-

taining one per cent of ammonia, eight

per cent of phosphoric acid and five per

cent oz punish, or something like that,

and for corn I would use one containing

at least two per cent of ammonia. more





would be better, eight or nine per cent;





 





 





l

l





l

a





of phosphoric acid and four or five per;





cent oi‘ potash. .

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





ABSORBENTS FOR LIQUID MANURE.





Scientific experiments have shown us a

way in which we can reduce the amount

of straw required for bedding the cattle

and other stock with an actual saving in

the value of the manure made, instead of

a waste, and that is by substituting

ground phosphate rock or floats, or acid

phosphate, for use in the gutters and

about the stable floors. This will act as

an absorbent for the saving. of the liquid

manure and will at the same time tend

to fix the volatile ammonia gas 50 there

will be a smaller loss of nitrogen than

would otherwise be the ease.





 





   





APRIL 1. 1911.





 





 

 





The man who seeks perfection in dress will

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made garments in America. Every new weave)

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suits and overcoats cost you no more than ordinary clothes. Prices range



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‘lI’MJU l l I ufii'fi‘dvfllfllfilg" .. ...





What Can Be Done With Swamplands



Swamplands can be reclaimed and made profitable by intelligent fertilization.



They will produce good com, onions, potatoes and hay. Their productiveness is

not only increased, but maintained





By Using POT ASH on Them





Use [00 to 200 pounds of Muriate per acre for com, and the same amount of

Sulphate for onions, potatoes or celery. Drill in 75'pounds of Kainit with seed

to drive away root-lice or cut-worms.



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- APRIL 1, 1911.

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LIVE STOCK





 





 





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THE BREEDING AND FEEDING_OF'

MARKET HOGS.





 





It is an economic law that any product

which is scarce and for which there is a

demand will bring a premium in the

market. At the present time there is

a scarcity of light hogs suitable for the

block or for bacon purposes, and in the

big markets of the country there is a.

constantly widening difference in the

price which, is paid for hogs of this class





.as compared with the price for the heavy





lard hogs which make up the buk of the

market offerings at this time. Of course,

this condition is at present largely due

to the comparative price of corn and hogs,

which makes it profitable to put as much

weight on the porkers as is practicable,

but it is also largely due to the type of

hogs that are being bred and fed on the

farms of the country and particularly on

those in the corn belt.



The process of breeding for more re-

finement, which has been a fad with

many breeders of pure-bred animals, and

the tendency toward decreasing bone de-

velopment and increasing the production

of fat which results from a' too exclusive

corn diet has altered the conformation of

the average hog to no small degree. In

many cases this has occurred to such an

extreme degree that weak legs and brok-

en down feet are common among our

hogs. Of course, this condition can be

largely remedied by a change of feeding

methods, substituting more bone and

muscle-making feeds for a portion of the

corn, but this is not all that should be

done to remedy it. In the selection of

sires to which the common farm sows

are to be bred, care should be taken to

secure a rugged type of hog, with plenty

of bone and scale, with depth and smooth-

ness without being too coarse. Such care

will insure the breeding of a class of pigs

which will make better feeders, and which

can be placed on the market at any time

between the ages of six and nine months

in condition for use in the fresh meat

trade or for the manufacture of bacon.

There is far less risk and a greater profit

in breeding and feeding this class of

hogs than in producing the little, chubby,

wheezy kind with weak legs, poor feet

and a tendency to lay on fat from the

start rathed than to make a vigorous

muscular growth and develop a strong

frame.



The writer has in mind three litters of

pigs, he recently saw in the same herd

in which the two types above described

were well illustrated. These pigs were

of identical breeding, with a direct line

of breeding from the same ancestors.

None of them were inbred, but there

were extreme evidences of atavism or

breeding back to unlike ancestors which

could not escape the notice of even a.

casual observer. These pigswere pure-

breds, of one of the larger bacon breeds,

but the pigs from one sow showed a de-

cided tendency toward the lard type.

They were smooth, sleek, broad backed,

chubby fellows, of a very good block

type, and no doubt superior in quality

for cutting up on the block to pigs

of similar conformation from a breed of

the lard type of hogs. Yet they did not

have the size or the weight of the pigs

of the more vigorous type from the other

litters, although they had an equal op-

portunity with them. Nor do we believe

they would make as profitable breeders

as the more growthy pigs, which were

developing muscle at four months of age

instead of loading an undeveloped carcass

with fat.



But breeding will not correct this ten-

dency entirely. Proper feeding should go

hand in hand with judicious breeding for

best results in producing the most useful

type of hogs, and it should be borne in

mind that the writer is not advocating

any particular breed, but simply pointing

out the fact that extremes in type are

to be found in all breeds, and that what-

ever his favorite breed, the breeder or

farmer should exercise good judgment in

the selection of breeding stock or sires

from that breed for best results in the

growing of market hogs. Yet the feed

is just as important, and the farmer who

would make the hog a mortgage lifter in

reality as well as in name should use

equally good judgment in making up and

feeding the ration to his growing pigs as

he does in selecting and mating the dam

and sire for their production. Sufficient

protein must be fed to insure a good

growth of muscular tissue, and the ra-





 





\





THE MICHIGAN PARMER.





tion must contain enough mineral ash to





‘insure a normal development of bone of





good quality. Of course, it is preferable

to accomplish this with home—grewn

feeds as largely as possible, and the al-

falfa or clover pasture will help out in

this direction greatly during the summer

season. Other legumes, such as peas or

soy beans may profitably be grown to

supplement the corn in the grain ration,

and some alfalfa or clover hay may be

fed with the grain in the winter season

for the same purpose. But where pro-

vision of this kind has not been made it

will not pay to deny the pigs a proper

ration, even if concentrates have to be

purchased for the purpose. In a recent

article in this paper it was shown that

wheat middlings mixed .with corn result-

ed in a saving of 25 per cent in the econ-

omy of the ration, and there are many

other by-product feeds that can be used

with equal economy. But some provision

should be made for summer forage for

the hogs, since the green succulent feed

is just as important as a well-balanced

ration in the dietary of the pigs.



In breeding and feeding the hogs grown

on the farm in such a manner as will

promote a strong, well-muscled carcass

which will finish evenly and smoothly be-

tween. the ages above mentioned, the

grower will not only have a class of mar-

ket hogs that are always in demand and

sell well but which will, as well, be a

source of both pride and profit.



Oakland Co. A. R. F.

SOME SPECIAL PHASES OF HORSE



PRODUCTION.





At the present time, there is a greater

demand for certain classes of horses than

the market can supply, and not at all

strange that such animals are hard to

secure. According to the old law of sup-





It stands to reason that horses of around

1,200 to 1,500 lbs. weight can be grown

for less than the larger animals. At the

present time there are hundreds of farm-

ers who are doing their farm work with

animals which weigh close to the 1,200—1b.

mark. Now, I will not discuss the wis-

dom of it, but as they have mares of this

size for a foundation stock from which to

grow horses they are losing money when

they do not raise colts. It is seldom that

one can breed such mares to a horse of

2,000 lbs. weight with satisfactory re-

sults. As a rule, the colt is a misfit. At

the present most of the expressers are the

result of misfits; but the trade does not

like them. So is it not as well to breed

such mares to a really good light draft

stallion that leans to the expresser type.

or to a heavy coach stallion? Then one

would get a colt that as a general thing

would make just the right sort of animal

for the expresser class. Of course, much

depends on the makeup of your mares.

It must be kept in mind that the express-

er is a special class and this must be

regarded when. breeding. The expresser

must have good legs. He should be up-

standing. yet fairly short in the leg. He

is built for the purpose of moving a heavy

load at a fast gait and a light one at a

snappy trot. Thus, with farmers having

light foundation stock, it would in many

cases be more profitable to produce ex-

pressers than to produce animals that

will hardly qualify as drafters.



Another special type is the hearse horse

and here is a striking example of the de-

mand for animals that are especially

adapted for some one purpose. A pair of,

\Vhlte horses that will qualify for hearse;

purpoSes is hard to find and I have known!

of several pairs to change hands for $550}

to $600. The main point was the fact,

that they had to be ’white and because}

they were of that color they brought the;





 





 





 





 





 





 





A Profitable Department of Farm Production—An Eight-year-old Brood Mare and

Three of Her Five Colts, Owned by Geo. H. Mogg, of Midland County.





ply and demand, when an article gets

scarce the price goes up and that is the

case in certain lines of horse production.



A very common want is that of really

good carriage animals. It is a mighty

hard job to secure a really good carriage

pair and when you do see them you no-

tice them going down the street. The

truth of the matter is that they are not

to be had in any numbers at all. You

can pick up all sorts of common drivers

but when it comes to getting one with

any class at all you have to look a long

while as well as to pay a long price. Now

with present prices for this class of ani-

mals there is good money waiting for

those who will produce strictly fancy car-

riage animals.



Good-gaited saddlers are hard to find.

\Vhen found they bring good prices, even

though they do not always come up to

the strict requirements as to conforma-

tion. A short time ago a friend of mine

made an even $125 on a horse that he

bought and taught the saddle gaits, yet

this animal came a long way from con-

forming to the saddler type. The govern-

ment is discussing the matter of a stud

for the production of mounts for the cav-

alry. This is because of the fact that

they cannot find enough suitable mounts.

It is not because the government does

not pay enough to justify the growing of

these animals, as the government buyers

pay rather liberal prices.



Another-special phase of this work for

which the farmer is especially equipped

is the production of expressers. At the

present time expressers of the right type

are selling for nearly as much as drafters

which have reached the 1,800-lb. mark.





price. I know a white stallion that was

so prepotent that each year he drOpped

several white colts from black mares. In

that neighborhood, mares that were near-

ly white sold at a premium.



Shetland ponies would come in under

this heading and it is doubtful if any

phase 'of horse growing pays any better

than that of growing the small ones. Il

one week, I received five letters asking

where the writers could get ponies. The

great movement for more life out of doors

has created a great demand for them for

the use of children, but even before this

there was a buyer for every pony pro-

duced. Marketing is easy. They tell me

that a pony can be kept a year for the

same price as a sheep. This may be

stretching the point but I know of many

ponies that are kept on contract for $12

per year. I know an enterprising pony

man who lets his mares out among fami-

lies who keep the pony for the sake of

using it. The only string tied to the

transaction is that the‘ owner gets the

colt as soon as it is ready to wean. Thus

he gets a colt a year for the interest on

the investment and the service fee. A

pony will thrive under the roughest kind

of treatment. If it had not been for poor

feed and rough environment we would

have never had the Shetland. A colt

ready to sell can be produced for consid-

erably less than $50. Indeed, that is a

high estimate. It is hard to buy any sort

of a pony at all for less than $75 while

most of them go at $125 and $150. All

this is done on home-grown feeds and

with but little care on the part of the

grower.





u—J





     





cup Ynnfidnsas

IN THE SPRING





Clipped horses have the best of it in every

way. They not only look better, but they

are fresh and full of life and vigor. Their

feed does them more good, they rest better

and do better work. They are not subject

to coughs, colds, pneumonia, etc., which

ruin many goo horses. Clip before you

put the horses at the spring work. You

can clip a horse in 30 minutes with this





Stewart ‘

Ball

Bearing

Clipping

Machine





It turns easiest. clips fastest

and lasts longest of all clip-

ping machines. .



An onocan operate It

an do good Wor .

It has the famous Stewart

one-nut tension knife—high-





est grade.



Price of 50

machine. 0



all complete, as —_

shown, is only



Get one from your dealer or

send $2.00 and we will ship

C. O. D. {or balance. Send

today or write for our new

1911 catalogue.





Chicago Flexible Shaft Co.

115 La Salle Ave.





 

 





 





 

 

 

 





.,_,.__...¢_..,,. 1., A... , - .,





\W.W..m W. W-..





 





 





 





 





 





 





Ohio. CLYDE A. WAUG-H.





” CHICAGO





 





 





DISTEM E





have noterror to horsemen who keep on hand that old

reliable remedy which is so sure and effective that it

is sold on a money back guarantee-





GHAFT’S DISTEMPEB REMEDY





tried. you'll never be without it. No risk in buy-





Once

ing Crafts—it always cures. Your dealer will refund

your money if it fails. If he can't supply you write us.

50c and $1.00. 3 Valuable Books on Horses FREE.

WELLS MEDICINE COMPANY

11 Third Street: LaFayette. Ind.





DUNHAMS’

PERGHERDNS





Fourth importation for 1910 arrived August;

4th, Our present lot, We believe, equal-

or surpasses any we have heretofore '

oollected- More horses of bone, size and

first—class quality than ever. Numerous im-

portant prize winners. Write for catalogue.





W. S., J. B. G B. DUNHAM'

Wayne. Illinois





Belgian, Pechemn and Shire





I

Stallions and Brood Mares

.'. v. 40 head of prize-winnners

' to arrive March 25. Plenty

of mares in foal. A guar-

antee with each animal.





Prices reasonable.





lOESER BROS., Importers,

Dept. M, ngonlor. Ind.





Percheron, Belgian, Shire and

Hackney Stallions and Marc:





As fine lot as there is in Americanii to 4 years old.

with lots of uality and good 1nd1v1duals. weighing

or maturing {$300 to 2200 be.



Prices on Imported Stallions, 81.000 to $1.200.

American Bred Stallions. $600 to $900. Impor.

tations to arrive Feb. 18 and March lst.



LEW \V. COCHR'AN. Crawfordsvllle. Ind.

Office 109% South Washington St.





JACKS and MULES





Raise Mules and get rich.

For the next 20 days. 400

head of fine large Jacks.

Jennys and Mules. 14 to 17

hands high at. $4. off. Come

soon for a. bargain. Stock

guaranteed. “'rite for prices

to-day. Address.





Krekler's Jack Farm.

WEST ELKTON. OHIO.

Branch Barns, Clinton, lnd.





BELGIAN HORSES. ifig’i’é‘ii‘53i‘iii‘ii





Horses write H. H. JUMP. Muthh. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





EGISTERED Chestnut PERCHERON STAL-

LION Hercules No. for sale, or will trade

for a heavy team. E. LOROH. Boyne City, Mich.
163

AMERICAN





'Stel Fence Post





Cheaper Than Wood

and More Durable





Many years of experiment.-

ing with metal fence posts

have developed this post.

It is now thoroughly practi-

cal, filling everyrequirement

on the farm, in the town, for

railroads and w h e r e v e r

fence posts are used.





Made of tough steel, heavily

zinc coa to d. Durability

proven by us—ten years’

actual use showing good as

new. Means a big reduc-

tion in fence cost and

maintenance.



40-page catalog sent. free, fully





illustrating a n Cl describing.

Send for it.

Sold by dealers everywhere.





Ask dealer to show samples and

quote prices; or write us direct,





American Steel & Wire Co.





 





 





 





 





 





 





- Chicago: New York:

“S Adams Street 30 and Street



Denver: San Francisco:

First Nit. Bank Bldg. lull and Folso- Sb.

1' 1 J J, -





 





 





 





 





 





 





STOUT—STRONG-DURABLE-CHEAP

Iowa Fences will outlast any other because at

David wires and thicker galzanizailng. Investigate ,

before you bu . 160 styles for ‘. purposes.

Bargain flees-14;: Per Rod Up

delivered at your railway station. trial today for

analog and free sample for test. ,





In ma & "LIE 00..

Bert. i. MYELAFD. OHIO





 





Big Factory. Big

Sales. 23 Styles

No traveling aslesme small

expense. prices low.

113 guaranteed. Free samples by

mail. Prices of leading styles freight pre-

paid wall aunts north of the Ohio and.



ississlppi River :—





 

   

 





east of the

'hss inns-sings lodium Weight [gallium-1183.0





9 39 8c per rod 370 per rod

10 17 use per rod 11¢ per rod

12 55 820 per rod Dc per rod





Special rates beyond this territory.





somsmarosrcon l6 s. “Sum“ :.11-op;-ed a





 





 





~ economy to feed





311'. the ration,





N 1





THE MICHIGAN





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.

Forage for Hog Pasture.

Alfalfa.





I have a lot in which I wish to sow

something for hog pasture this spring

and also seed to alfalfa. What would

you advise me to sow?



Genesee Co. C. H. L.





It will hardly be possible to sow a crop

expecting to get a maximum of forage

for hog pasture, and at the same time

seed the land to alfalfa. However, I know

of nothing that would promise as well

for this purpose as dwarf Essex rape.

This should be sown broadcast at the rate

of about four pounds per acre, and at

least 20 lbs. of alfalfa seed should be

sown per acre with it. since the pasturing

of the rape will be likely to destroy some

of the tender alfalfa plants. The name

should not be pastured too soon, too late





Seeding to





,nor too severely for the good of the seed-

xing. but considerable green forage might





be secured from it and still get a catch

of alfalfa. If the hog pasture is large it

would be better practice to divide it and

sow half to rape for pasture and the

other half to alfalfa without a nurse crop

on a well prepared seed bed. Under fav-

orable conditions this method would fur-

nish asrnuch pasture and also make a

seeding of alfalfa more certain to provide

for next year's needs.

Roots as a Sheep Feed.



L am a reader.of the Michigan Farmer

and I have been reading quite a lot about

feeding roots to breeding ewes. I would

like to hear through The Farmer. what

would be the best kind of roots to raise

and what time to plant them. My soil

is heavy sand in good condition.



Shiawassec Co.



As has.heen frequently mentioned in

these columns some roots are esential for

the best results with ewes which drop

early lamlm. It should not, however, be

considered that because some roots are

good it Would be well to make up the diet

too largely of roots during the period of

pregnancy. \‘x'iucn the breeding ewes are

being fed ClUVU!‘ hat: or other roughage

rich in prmcin. it is contended by some

good authorities that too heavy

on roots tends to produce abnormally

large but rather veal; lambs. Nor is it

more roots than is

TM‘T‘J‘ed to furnish the needed succulency

since roots are relatively

expensive to grow and handle in propor-

tion to the nutrients contained. Hence





very- ga small quantity of roots, say from two





to four pounds per day, will be sufficient

to keep the breeding ewes in good condi-

tion by providing needed succulency in

the ration prior to lambing time where

silage is not available as a factor in the

ration. But after the lambs have been

will be profitable to increase





lil e all value in order to )romote as lib-

Farm Fence and Gates 1 0‘ L I





.eral milk flow as possible until the pas-

lturing season arrives.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Sendfor prices

manufacmrers’

counts on

and farm hard wire

fence. Best of,

vanizing. Gre a

strength—long ser

vice. Write today.

The Ward Fence

Box 876,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





cts. s Foot for IRON PENCE

THINK OF IT ll "

Buy direct

from our "an...

factory. 'l'lll ‘

Wfi’rite for

Free ‘atalog. nun

DWIGGINS WIRE FENCE Co.





2 l 2 Dwidéins Avenue. Anderson. Indiana





1 3101mm 3 Rod





For ill-in. 14 8-4e for 22-in. Hog ‘



‘ Fence; 15¢ for 26-inch; 18 8-44: ll' ll:

.for 82-inch; 25s for a 41-inch r r I

\_. Farm Fence. winch Poultry

fence 28 1-2:. Sold on soda” r

trial. 80rod spool Ideal Barbl’

Wire $1.45 Catalogue free. [1'





‘ KITSELMAN BROS, l:

were lumen-army





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





anfifl





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





aids—H





I

/

Mada...’

Made of High Carbon Double Strong".

Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to

prevent rust. Have. no agents. Sell at

factory prices on 30 days' free trial.

We pay allfrelght. 37 heights offiu'm ,

-nd poultry fence.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Catalog Free.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

Box 21





 





 





 





 





Winchester. Indiana.





48 I“??? 25c





Best high carbon coiled steel

Wire. Ens y to stretch over

hills and hollows. FREE

Cahslog—fcnces.tools. Buy

from factory at wholesale

prices. Write today to Box 68



MASON FENCE 00.. LEESBUBG, 0.





THE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF





. WELL DRILLING





“ACHINER .lnAmerlca. We





havg beentumak-

lug it for over 20 years. Do not uy un you

see our new Illustrated Catalogue N o. 14. Send

for l t now. It is FREE





 





 





Austin Issuiaciurlng 00., fillings





 





l





1roots are grown for this purpose.





 





 





what kind of

The

writer uses small potatoes with success,

and the culls are always disposed of in

this way. But where roots are raised

specially for this purpose, any kind best

adapted to the soil or. the local conditions

under which they must be grown will

answer the purpose for which they are

needed. Rutabagas and turnips have been

used more extensively for this purpose

than any other. These do well on the

kind of land described. The former should

be sown during the later part of June or

the fore part of July. using about two

pounds of seed per acre drilled in as nar-

as can be conveniently culti-





It is not very material





TOVL' rows





 





 





feeding "





l





 





vated and thinned to stand from six to;





10 inches apart in the row.

tivation should be practiced and the crop

cultivated frequently. A small area will

produce enough for a good-sized flock of

sheep. Turnips may be sown in the same

way late in July or even in early kugust,

or they may he sown broadcast in the

corn at the last cultivation and under

favorable conditions will make a good





growth. so that the best of them can be





harvested for Winter feeding and the

sneep can then be turned into the field

and much good late pasture secured.





Shallow cul- .





l





l





l





l





Carrots or mangels are also excellent for“





sheep and may be sown in the spring. the

longer growing season making it possible

to produce a heavier tonnage of mangels

than of most other roots. But. as above





noted it is not essential to provide any

particular kind of roots, although it is

essential to have either roots or silage





to provide needed succulency in the ration

for best results with the breeding flock

where early lambs are produced.



Recent live stock markets have been

unlike those of a year ago, when cattle,

hogs and sheep were bringing exception-

ally fancy prices. Still both cattle and

hogs have sold of late relatively high for

March, last year excepted.





:stables and learn our method of doing business.





I

l





 





   

 





 

 

 





 





V; W .9

I‘M’M‘ ”I" 5





Which Way Do You Sh





It takes an expert to use the old hand sheer well and the work is hard and irksome. It



means tired, swollen wrists and aching back. it means second cuts in the wool, uneven

shearing and, very often, injury to the sheep. With 1 Stewart Shearing Machine all tha



is changed. Anyone can opeme it and do good work. it turns easy, shears fast and

even, does not put any second cuts in the wool and gets from 15c to 40c worth more

from each sheep than the hand shear.





This Stewart Ball Bearing

Shearing Machine No. 9





has all gears cut from the solid steel bar and made file bard. They are all enclosed and

protected from dust and dirt and run in oil. Every joint of the shearing shaft and the

meeting head itself are fitted with ball bearings. As a result it turns easier and stem





faster than any other machine. Price of this machine, com-

plete, with four combs and four cutters, is only . . . . 50

it is the greatest sheep shearing machine value ever offered. 0





Get one from your dealer or send $2 and we will ship C.O.D.



for the balance. Remember, if you are not thoroughly pleased ‘

send it back and get your money. Write today for our free copyrighted book, ‘ln-

Itructions on Sheep Shearing" by the leading American expert, SEND NOW.





Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., 115 in Sale Ave.Chicago





 





   

   

   

   

   





 





As “ SAVE-TnE-HDBSE”

can make them.





 





AS they some-

times are.





 





 





.





MAKES





GLAD Ad? PROUD





HM





And his words are right from his heart. for a valuable horse was in the balance and he had

spent four ycars treating with other things.



Reading. Pas-f! want'the pleasure of writing you a few lines



and for price it is not a penny (on much considering the merit it has



the IIIIHI‘BH‘. as It saved me. about 640001] my horse. which i hziw trusted with u Ilozvn dill.-i'cnt remedies and by two 01 the best





i must say that you hm c the best i'e‘xncdy on the nmrkei tong

i do not know how in vxprcss my glad feelings for you and





veterinarians. who pronounced the horse incurable. All ask what I did as he is going sulllll‘l. :md thefirst tinm in four year» l

Wish you could sec him. laverywlrerc I go on Penn St . or any [llIM'L‘ lliv people stand and look at him—l am so proud of him

l don t know what to do. The people can say all theywmit about other remedies, hut l'll have "Ssi'c-l'liu-Ilora‘e." l can hardly





believe the (‘ure you made and the way you treated me in my case. You must cxmmc me for writ ing a letter of appreciation like this,



but {can hardly do otherwrss with the in use I got now. 1 remain sincerely youl's G. SCHLEIFL‘NHUNER, Jn.. No. 919 N0. 9th. St.



A. S. VALENTINE & SON. Cross Mums. 211 Sand Beach Are, Bad Axe. Mich.“



645 N. Broad St... Philadelphia, Pia. Jan. 9. 1911. If you ever wnnt 3 recommend use me. I have a valuable



Tmy Chemical Co.. Bingharnton. N. Y.‘ . more ; she had a bad bog spavin. I applied “Save-The-Horao"



My pacing horse “ Prince" contracted a bone spavin about. twice. hitched her to runabout. and have driven her every day



‘ year ago. I tried all the difl'crent remedies generally used. and no one could ever tell she had any such trouble. Everyone



without results. Had 81ml. given npthe horse for lost. I was here snid I would never be able to use her again, she was so



urged to try "Save-The—Horsa." and after much deliberation I lame. but now as frisky as a colt My neighbor is using “ Save-

concluded to buy it. After using it the horse is sound. The-Horse " at my recommend and it is doing the husinefl.



Very truly yours. GEO. R. VALENTINE. Reapectfully. W. K. COOPER. D. D- 5-



V‘f ITH the fleeting of time and the urgencfy of a fly success it means all in all toevery owner of an unsound



horse to use a remedy that will not ail. t is not page advertisements. stron words or uestionable



promises that you want. instesd. inst investigate, insist on proofs and evidences ofgresults an you surely



will abandon Marlena. vwlous and uncertain ‘methfldfi and turn to "b‘uve-l‘he-Horse."



‘sm'ej'l'ha' 0’39 15 50191 With a contract—a signed. lt‘gall)‘ binding contract. which positively protects pub



chaser; it takaievery particle of‘clianceput of the mailer. For 1:. years it has been the foundation on which



nearly every man based his confidence in making his first purchase. and it has never been violated.

Boo





Describe your case. Write 1m sy for copy oonntract and Letter-strain

EXIIOI’I ‘IIVIGO FIDO Bankers, Business Men and Farmers the world over on every kind of case.

0 alfotflo. with ‘8?! written guaranwia or contract, Positively and Permanently Cures Bone

9 and BogSpavin. ingbone (except low). Curb. Thoroughpin 8 lint. Capped Hock. Shoe Boil.

I Wingfnfl, weak. sprained. lniured and ruptured tendons an a l lameness. without blemish (:3:

Jo. «hail- Horse worked as usual. At all druggists, or express paid in U. S. and Canada. ,

TROY CHEMICAL CO., 20 Commercial Ave., Binghamton, N. Y.





lefGalloway save You $25. 00

to $40.00 on a Manure Spreader





If you‘ll send a postal for my Special 1911 Spreader Offer, I believe

we can make a deal. If we do. you'll save atleast $25.00. perhaps $40.00,

according to size and style you want. And you get a free trial and a

guarantee that would break me if my Spreader wasn't rig/rt. I know I

Izave to go high or: quality and low on price, because I sell by mail. The

other fellow is right on the ground to permmr’c you personally. My quality

and price has to do all my persuading. Let me try it. Our capacity is 42.000





Spreaders this year in order Prices, $39.50 up.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 





to quote the low prices am

I do—3O to 365 days free '

trial and my long

, time binding guar-

. antee in writing.

$25.00 to $40.00 saved—think of it!

That's fair. isn‘t it? If you can

think of a fairer proposition than 1'1.

make you. I‘ll print it in my next

advertisement.



Get your pencil or pen right now. and send

me a postal for my big Spreader Book. showin.

5 styles and sizes. from $39.50 up. I'll send the





 





 

 

 

 





   

   

   

 

   

 

 





 

 

 

 

   

 





 

 





book free and a proposition that will make you do send



some tall. thinking whether you buy from me or not. Address P ta!

WM. GALLOWAY. Pro... THE W". GALIOWAY C0.. as



849 call-sway Sta" Waterloo. lows. FOP 800k





 

 





 





Prairie Stock Farm





OUR LAST IMPORTATION OF





Percheron Stallions and Mares





ll’e cordially invite everybody to come and visit our

\Ve can sell

you a first—(:elass stallion or mare for less, money than any

importer in America. Terms to suit purchasers.



Niles is ninety miles from Chicago on the Michigan Central.





E. METZ HORSE IMPUBTING 80., Niles, Mich.





When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer ‘





 





 





 





 





l

-‘._&:~.—Iv..- - __._ _. _..‘.A_. . ———~ «.2. f-wqf..v:‘1..m “m.“a. .1. v any; __§ ..__ taking“? H...— .__._._,~ '1‘.“ .. _ _______ _ _ -\}. V_a‘....~.. A... 72—-

r
APRIL 1,, 1911.

PEAs As A SHEER FEED.





 





‘I was lately talking to a Colorado

friend who has had a great deal of ex-

perience in fattening range lambs. His

method was entirely new to me, and ow-

ing .t0 the possibilities in pea growing in

Michigan, I thought it might be of par-

ticular interest to Michigan sheepmen.

It is not the alfalfa method. It is, how-

ever, a method that has proved exceed-

ingly profitable on irrigated lands val-

ued at from $150 per acre upwards. Fur-'-

thermore, it is not a method which

means depletion of‘soil

rather the increase of fertility. , For that

reason I thought that it might be used

to advantage by many farmers living in

the none too fertile section of the state.



Early in the fall he gets the lambs off

his ranch in the foothills and turns them

into a large field of peas. It is just like

hogging down corn. It might be called

sheeping down peas. He simply leaves

the lambs in the field until they are fat.

Peas are said to have most of the ele-

ments required in a good all—around ra-

tion. I harldy believed him when he told

me of the enormous gains 'the lambs

made. After the lambs are fattened, he

turns a bunch of hogs in the field to

gather up what is left. He usually ships

to Kansas City and the lambs are in

such shape that they are, to say the

least, no drug upon the market. Indeed,

the plan looked so good that I thought

it might interest some pea grower enough





to try it. The system may mean much

to Michigan.

Ohio. CLYDE A. WAUGH.





 





HOW TO CURE CORNS IN HORSES.

Corn are caused by bad shoeing, or

from allowing the shoe to wear too long

without reshoeing, and also from having

too much of the foot taken off. My rem-

edy, by which I have never failed to

effect a permanent cure, is as follows:



Have the shoes pulled off, the feet

pared and then poulticed until they are

as soft as jelly. Get your knife again,

out the corns down to the quick, extract

the cores of the corns by means of a

pair of small pincers, and then apply

spirits of salts to eat away any remnants

of the corn which may remain.



By this time the foot has been so

much reduced that time must be allowed

for a new growth of the foot, which may

be satisfactorily and quickly attained by

placing the foot of the patient in blue

Clay for three weeks, or more if neces-

sary. If these directions are followed a

new foot and a permanent cure will be

the result; and although it takes time

you should remember that anything

worth having is worth waiting for. Rub-

ber pads, and bar shoes will help a horse

temporarily only, but will keep him

going in a cramped way. But ,if you

are impatient you can take your choice

between quickness and thoroughness.



St, Joseph Co. XV. J. GRAND.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





The packers in western markets are

having great difficulty in securing suffi-

cient numbers of hogs to meet their re-

quirements for manufacturing bacon, and

a few days ago a Chicago packing firm

was forced to buy a dozen car loads of

hogs in order to obtain a double-deck of

180-11). bacon hogs, selling the remainder

of the lot to other packing concerns at

a loss. Recently the average weight of

hogs marketed at. Chicago has increased

sharply, and predictions have been made

that the summer months will bring about

a greater scarcity of bacon hogs than

ever. The receipts are running largely to

hogs tipping the scales at 250 to 300 lbs,

and even droves averaging around 200

lbs. come to market fairly rolling in fat.

Of course, the reasons for this state of

things are easy to see, for corn and other

feeds are everywhere unusually abundant

and extremely cheap, and farmers have

figured it out that putting corn into pork

Will pay them much larger returns than

marketing the grain. Although the do-

mestic and foreign demand for lard has

been a good deal improved of late, the

spread between bacon and lard hogs has

been widening out, and close observers

do not hesitate to predict that it will

amount to $1 per 100 lbs. later on. The

exports of cured hog meats have been

increasing, despite their extreme dear-

ness, but stocks are accumulating for all

that. There is also a large consumption

of fresh Dork.



It will now be possible for stockmen

to restock the Texas pastures with cattle

in the region below the quarantine line,

as the .United States Department of Ag-

riculture has revoked the former order

that required ticky cattle from Mexico to

be held 60 days after dipping before

crossing the boundary line that separates

the two republics. Down in that portion

of Texas there is a superabundance of

grass and a great lack of cattle, and it is

expected that a quarter of a million of

Mexican cattle will be brought in during

this spring. Not only Texas is short of

cattle, but many other parts of this coun-

try are sadly in need of more cattle to





fertility, but ‘





   

 





..





J"





“Ammo“.nm H..~..-mquw~as na.‘ -





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





fatten, and rather than have grass go to

waste, many farmers are paying fancy

prices for stockers and feeders. (In the

Chicago market of late stock calves and

well-bred yearlings suitable for fattening

have been selling about as high as the

choicer lots of fleshy feeders, both going

dangerously high in the opinion of con-

servative stockmen, although some farm-

ers seem to be able to come out ahead

by feeding carefully. The fashion now is

to select thrifty cattle that will make

good and quick gains on grass, and fewer

farmers than formerly are going in for

long-time feeding, this being too expen-

sive. Besides, the biggest demand these

days is for handy little fat yearlings, both

steers and heifers.



Many parts of the country are failing

to breed anywhere near enough horses to

meet their local requirements, and some

of these places are beginning to stock up

with good stallions and mares, but many

are neglecting to do so. Farmers in-

tending to make horse breeding a part of

their business in the future should not

fail to purchase high—grade breeders, for

this is the only way that maximum prof-

its are to be made. It is a fact that at

no time is there a surfeit of prime busi-

ness horses in the markets of the coun-

try, and much of the time there are buy-

ing orders in the Chicago market for

high-class heavy horses tllat cannot be

filled at short notice. Choice wagon

horses that tip the scales around 1,250

lbs. have been in demand in the Chicago

market recently for supplying the prin—

cipal business houses of that city, and

suitable animals were not to be had. The

horses wanted are of the light expresser

order of the finer class. There is also a

persistent demand for teams of horses,

and orders have been received recently

from places as far distant as Minnesota.

It is a matter of encouragement that

when farmers want breeding mares they

are usually purchasing a better grade

than has been their practice heretofore.



Michigan sheepmen have been shipping

a larger share of their fed iiocks to the

ChiCago market this year than usual, as

generally higher prices have been paid

than in the Buffalo market. Many of the

Michigan shccpmeu have been shearing

their ilocks in recent weeks, and this has

tended to decrease the Chicago offerings

and thereby put up prices materially.



E. G. ltcad, who is widely known as

one of the, prominent- successful sheep

feeders of Michigan, marketed the last of

his season's t‘cd lambs not long ago at

Chicago. He stated at that time that

while most of his lambs brought less

money than they cost at the start as

feeders, they about paid for the grain be

fed them. He reported a good many

lambs in his region still on feed, more

feeding having been carried on than a

year ago. Mr. Read bought in the Chi-

cago stock yards 1,500 head of Idaho range

lambs the first day 01‘ last October for

$6.50, their average weight then having

been 57 pounds. \Vhen returned to mar-

ket their average weight was 95 pounds,

and they showed that they had received

good care and plenty of good feed.



In the greater portion of western Can-

ada there is a serious lack of beef cattle,

and speculators have been paying as high

at $6.50 per 100 lbs. west of \Vinnipeg,

along the line of the Canadian Pacific,

and forwarding the cattle to British Col—

umbia. _Ontario has plenty of cattle, and

there is talk of shipping fat beeves t0

\Vinnipeg from Toronto.



Texas has had recent rains, interfering

with Kansas and Oklahoma owners of

pastures from getting their usual sup-

plies of stock cattle, and now prices are

the highest ever recorded, with a great

scarcity of cattle.



The demand for provisions has started

up in the Chicago market, and larger

sales of lards and meats are reported.

The southern demand is growing steadily

in volume, and the English houses have

been fair buyers of meats for some time.



“’ith a good grade of corn selling for

cash in the Chicago market at 471/20 per

bushel, and country prices correspond-

ingly lower, it is natural that farmers

should be anxious to convert their grain

into beef, pork and mutton. lecent sales

in Chicago for May delivery as compared

with a year ago have shown reductions

of fully 16c for corn, 151/20. for oats and

24c for wheat.



P. S. Haner, the chairman. of the Illi-

nois State Board of Live Stock Commis-

sioners, and one of the leading successful

farmers of the great middle west, who

feeds 40,000 bushels of (‘oru to his own

live stock in the course of a year, is ob-

viously a great believer in the live stock

industry, so that his views on the matter

are worthy of attention. He regards

summer feeding of cattle the most profit-

able, as the cattle gain faster and show

larger gains on half the corn needed in

the winter, while the roughness costs

less. He regards a silo as absolutely

necessary where winter feeding is car—

ried on. and he does not advocate feed—

ing at that season of the year. Mr. lrluner

says: “Ily feeding just at sundown a

peek of corn it takes the place of a half

bushel fed in the morning, for when you

feed in the morning your cattle are full

of corn and do not go out to graze as

they should, but lie around most of the

morning. If you feed at night they will

graze early in the morning and also in

the afternoon before feeding time at

night. To these rations may be added

two or three pounds of cottonseed meal,

according to the age of the animal fed.

This will add greatly to the daily gain

of your animals and is one of the best

conditioners that I have ever used. I

speak from experience, because I use

many tons of it each year. It is also im—

portant in the feeding of cattle that-you

separate them into uniform lots. If you

feed in the winter you must have aged

animals that carry a sufi‘icient amount

of flesh. If they do not it seems certain

that they will not be a very profitable iii-

vestment. This, I consider, a very im-

portant point for the farmer and the





feeder to remember."





 





VVVYYYVTYVfiVVVYVYVYVYYV





E VETERINARY





MAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subseribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will 'be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If_this column is

watched carefully you Will probably fifld

the desired information in a reply tlldt

has been made to some one else. When

TCDIy by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





AAAA





 





 





 





Flat \Varts on Teats.—Have a three-

year—old cow with warts on teats; these

warts are about as large as a dime, flat

and sooth. When this heifer came fresh

her teats appeared to be smooth. S. .H.,

Brooklyn, Mich—Apply vinegar 3. time

or two, then apply castor oil until they

disappear. If the castor oil fails add one

part salicylic acid to four parts castor

oil.



Light Attack of .\zoturia.—I have.a

mare that is usually driven a short .(IIS-

tancc every day, but after standing in a

few days she stiffens and perspires freely

as though in pain. ller appetite is good

and she is in fairly good condition. P.

K., Levering, Mich—\Vhen your mare

cramps in hind quarters and perspires

freely, she must suffer from a mild at-

tack of either azoturia or lumbago._ She

Should be fed not more than one—third as

much grain when idle as if working; be-

sides, her bowels and kidneys should be

kept active. (live her a tablespoonful 0f

the following compound powder at a dose

in feed two or three times a day: Pow-

dered nitrate of potash, powdered rosin,

and bicarbonate of soda. This is given to

produce better kidney action; now then.

in order to keep her bowels open, feed

some well-salted bran mashes, clover,



roots.

(WIfrine Discharge Through the Navel.—

XVould like to know how to treat leaking

navel of a foal. I lost one last spring

from that cause: the colt when born had

a large navel string and appeared to be

twisted. I tied and cut a portion of it

off, but was told it would have broken

loose when the mother got. on foot. .1

have two foals coming this spring again

and am sure that many other readers oi

your paper would be interested in know-

ing more about this ailment: therefore

I ask for information. C. J. L., l’alms,

Mich.—lt pleases me to know that stock-

men are interested in knowing more

about animal ailments that prove fatal

As you perhaps know, before birth the

urine of a foetus passes from the bladder

through a special tube called the urachus,

through the navel and string into the

outer water bag and at birth this should

close and the tube be drawn in toward

the bladder. Male calves and colts are

more likely to drip urine at the navel

than females. If a portion of the cord

remains it should be tied with a piece oi

linen, silk, or catgut dipped in one part

carbolic acid and ten parts glycerine or

sweet oil and the end of cord which is

usually left about one inch long allowed

to drop off. If the cord pulls off close to

body and the navel leaks apply equal

parts powdered alum and taiinic acid‘or

if the cord bleeds apply Monsells solution

of iron a few times, then apply the first

mentioned powder. It is sometimes neces-

sary to stitch the. opening with silk OI

linen and let the stitches remain in for a

few days, applying, of course, healing

remedies to the wound. 111 some cases

I find touching the leaking parts lightly

with a red-hot iron or rubbing in a small

quantity of ccrate of cantharides on their

surrounding parts to create swelling, it

will very often close the opening and the

urine will soon tlow through its natural

channel. Kindly understand, nearly all

home astringent healing remedies are

proper applications to apply to the navel

of newly born animals and every colt

and calf’s navel should be treated with

antiseptic astringent healing applications.

This is done to prevent infectious germs

from passing through this channel into

the circulation of young animals. Just!

a word in conclusion—mlet me suggest that ‘





 





 





readers of this paper will perhaps save

mom-y by clipping this statement and

making future use oi it.





\\'inter Cholcraxrl have three yearling

heifers (not pregnant) which I stabled‘

and turned out every morning to walk}

some distance and drink out of a creek.

,\ll three returned on the 14th, playing

and feeling fine. Towards evening two

of them showed indications of bowel pain

and commenced to scour badly and fre-

quently pointed nose to side. They

breathed quickly and jerkily, growing

weaker gradually, finally laid down and

one of them died and the other one also

died a day later. The third heifer is ap-

parently all right. I cut the dcad ones

open and found all parts right except the

bowels and inner lining of paunch. \Vhat,

caused their death? T. C. T). l{.. Orion,

3\’[ich.—Your heifers drank too much im-

pure ice Water which brought on dysen-





' I





MORE MONEY





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NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED

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)TO CLEAN OUT THESE .

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BETTER THAN 0THERS,BECAUSE,IT IS





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WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK ran LEAFLET

DESCRIBING A NEw CEMENT H06 WALLOW iFYOu

‘ . ARE INTERESTED. a.





PARKEDAVISBICO.





DEpARmENT or ANIMAL i,

INDUSTRY.





 





 





Horse Owners





Look to your interests and use

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Every bottle of Canstlc Balsam sold is

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us Send for descriptive circulars. testimo-

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TH] LAWRENCE‘WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





NEWTON’S H EAVE

Write 33:318.? 0 U R E



The Standard Veterinary Remedy.

‘ 1 years sale. Sent or .





 

 





   





booklet





 

 





 





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The first or second $1.00 can cures "caves. The third

can is guaranteed to cure or money refunded.

$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid.





tery or winter cholera, which resulted in THENEWTONREMEDY C0..Toledo.0hto





great emaciation and death. It is doubt-

ful if they could have been saved; how-

ever, if you have another case give 4 ozs.

of castor oil, one dose only. and follow by

giving 1/2 02. doses of tincture of opium

every two hours and if the purging does"

not cease increase the dose until it does.



Irritation of Kidneys—~Condition Pow-

der.——Last spring I bought a 24-year—old

mare of my father that has been afflicted

with kidney or bladder trouble for the

past ten years and for many years she

has had occasional attacks of colic and

it was necessary to give her sweet spirits

of nitre. Now she is tender in loins when

pressed, even lightly. I drove her to town

the other day, a distance of 21/2 miles;





 





 





Remove-All positively cures Sprains.

Riurrone, Curb, Shoe Dolls Capped

Hoe ,aononnalgrowths and ameness.





Sold on money-back guarantee.



\ Leaves horses sound and un-

scarcd. Lump Jaw is cured in

less than three weeks with





Adams Rapid Lump-Jaw Cure

Easy to use. Guaranteed. Write

for FREE TREATISE on cut-



ing these diseases.

. H. C. ADAMS MFG. 00.

Dept. 89, Algona, Iowa
384 '18»





she urinated twice on the way and an-

other time‘ on arrival. She seems to crave

rotten wood and, in fact, bankers after

wood of any kind, but is in seemingly

good health; she prefers oats more than

c . I would also like to have you sug-

gest a formula for condition powder. E.

E VV., Fennville, Mich. —Discontinue giv-

ing your mare sweet spirits of nitre and

saltpeter for both of them produce an

irritation of the pelvis of kidney. Give

her one-half ounce of fluid extract of

buchu twice a day for a week then give

a dose daily for one week more, then give

a dose every two or three days for as

often as you believe it necessary to pro-

duce free kidney action. She no doubt

suffers from acidity of stomach or has a

little dyspepsia. Mix together equal parts

of ground gentian, bicarbonate soda and

powdered charcoal and give her two

tablespoonfuls at a dose in feed two or

three times 11 day. Feed her some roots.

A very good and not expensive tonic and

condition powder for live stock is made

by mixing together equal parts by weight

powdered sulphate iron. gentian. ginger,

fenugreek, anise, bicarbonate soda and

Glauber’s salts. Dose, :1 tablespoonful

mixed with feed and it should be given

two or three times a day. This you will

find useful for all kinds of live stock; but

of course, sheep and hogs should be dosed

in proportion to their weight. as a table-

spoonful is a dose for a horse or an ex.



Gored by Cow—I have a six-year—old

mare due to foal in three months that

was gored by a cow, making a wound

seven inches in front of stifle joint, caus-

ing considerable swelling which seems

to have extended underneath belly and

brisket. The swollen parts are extremely



' tender and I would like to know how to

treat the case. V. G. “K, Montague,

Mich—Inject one part carbolic acid and

30 parts water into wound twice a day

and dissolve 1., lb. salt in a gallon of

hot water and apply to swelling twice a

day. If your barn is cold don’t apply this

salt water, but apply one part alcohol and

three parts water instead. Give her 1A.

oz. fluid extract of buchu at a dose in

feed three times a day. She should be;

fed some well salted bran mashes and‘v

vegetables or roots to keep her bowels

active.



Looseness of Bowels—J would like to

know what to do for my four-months-old

heifer calf that has diarrhoea all the

time. This calf refuses to drink milk,

but eats hay and is growing thin. E. W.,

Dalton, Mich—Give calf 20 111's. salol at a

dose four times a day. it is generally

good practice to give

ten days.



Indigestion—I have a 5-year-old home

that is out of condition, is intlined to

bite manger,





Petoskey. Mich.——Give a tablespoonful of

the following compound powder at a dose

in feed three times a day: Equal parts

by weight of powdered sulphate iion,

gentian, fenugreek and resin. I also

suggest that you feed some roots.

Eczema—Have an eight—year-old cow

that seems to be shedding liei coat in

spots and on these bare patches [ notice

a little pus or llui1l.Is this a contagious

ailment? IV. K. L. \Villiamston, Mich

Impure Blood. ——l have a mare now in

foal that was troubled with boils on

Shoulder and back during all last sum-

mer, but she is free from them this win-

ter. K. K., Nunica. Mich.—Givc your

mare 1/3 oz. tluid extract sarsaparilla and

35 dr. iodide of potassium at :1 dose in

feed two or three times a day for 30





a dose of oil every!

l





kick side of stall and his,

kidneys do not act enough. 1). 1). L..T





 





1





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l





l‘ .





1

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1‘





 





1

days I . .

Lumpjaw.——One of my cows has a liardl SEARS ROEBUCKANDCQ

bunch on jaw, but it is not sum; hmv‘ CHICAGO





should it be treated and is her milk lit to





use? \V. S. 8., \Voodland. i\licl1.——Apply‘





tincture iodine to bunch once a day and





give 2 drs. iodide potassium at a dose inj

feed three times a day for 30 days. In1

her present condition I do not believel

there is any danger from using her 1nilk;%





however, if the bunch suppurates, she

should be segregated from your

cows and you should not use her milk

for domestic purposes.



Chronic Cough.—~;\Iy five-year-old horse

is troubled with a cough and there ap-

pears to be some 111tt ling in his throat.

F. T. C., \lma.1\licl1.——Give a tablespoon-

ful tincturc opium, a teaspoonful fiui

extract belladonna and a teaspoonful of

Iluid extract of lobelia at a dose in food

threc limos: a day: also apply iodine oint-

ment to throat threw timcs a week.



\i’ornis‘Choppcd l'1ldc:'.~~l rather sus-

pect that my horse is troubled with stom-

ach worms and l have a cow that is in-

Cllllt”l to l1ck her bag, causing the skin

to chap. G. K. S, \Villis, Mich—Give 2

tablespoonfuls of ground gentian at a1

dose in feed three times a day. Your

cow should be obliged to wear a halter and

surcingle, attaching a broomstick or pole



'with a hole in each end, one fastened to



halter and the other to surcingle, which

will prevent her licking and keeping the

udder wet. Apply one part lemon juice

and five parts glycerinc to chaps twice a

day.



Suppurative Lymphatic Trouble—Con-

stipation—I have a mare that is pretty





other 1





K1: NDALLS S PAV [N (11111

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ARTH'U R S. COX. Jerome. Michigan.

LIV 51 OCK and REAL ESTATE A “one"

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REGISTER El) P ERCHERONS FOR SALE—1 more

coming ‘2 yrs. old and “stallion coming 1 yr'. old.

both blocky grins. M. A. BRAY, lemos. Mich.





BREEDERS’ DlRECTflRY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN=ANGUS. "





Herd, consisting of Trojan Ericas, Blackbirds and

Prides, only, is headed by E erton W. a Tromn Erica,





 





 





 





well along in years that I have treated

for farcy for a long time without being

able to affect a cure. One leg first be-

came affected. some time later the other

hind leg, and now there are several

blotches under belly and I am inclined to

believe that she has farcy. I have an-

other seven-year-old mare that began to

switch her tail violently by spells, bite

her sides and also rub tail against stalll

and thinking perhaps she might have

worms our local let. gave her 2 drs. of

santonine in 1/2 pt. raw linseed oil, follow-

ing up later with a quart of linseed oil

which did not purge her. I noticed no

worms in her passages, but lately she

does not fidget and is quiet. Her bowels

are costive. J. B., Harrietta, Mich—Give

1 dr. iodide potassium, 1 dr. powdered





sulphur and 2 drs. Fowler’s solution at a

dose in feed three times a day. Also ap-

ply 1 part bichloride mercury and 500





 





by Black Woodlawn. sire of t e Grand Cham ion steer



and bull at the International in Chicago. 0., 1910.



He is assisted by Undulata Blackbird Ito.

\VOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mlch.





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GUERNSEY BULL OALF FOR SALE—Sire from

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HE double standard Polled Durham. Wild eyed Am burn.

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Michigan State Fair JAS. H. HALL, Port Austin, Michigan.





FOR SALE—tislatydm HillSlEll sun.





30 months old for $100 cash Vander Heide.

Fremont. Mich" R. R No. SJ Citizens Telephone.





HOLSTEINS





{I HAVE





Holstein Bulls for Sale,





from two months up to two years of age.

Some of them from A. R. O. cows.





 





 





1111. WITH SPLENDID rrniunats.‘





Have some as low as $25; others 3200.





GEORGE S. BIOELOW,

HOLSTEIN FARMS.

BLOOMINGDALE, MICHIGAN.





APRIL 1, 1911.





SHOBTHORHS and POLLEB DURHAM. §3tdsi°fifi3

A. D. DeGARRIO. mud. mm.





 





 





SHEEP.



Ewes bred! r MmhtA ril:

HampSherI-e stored 31:01:11; Choicep in-

dividuals. C. D. W00 BURY. Lansing. Michigan.



d P lle



Oxford-Down Sheep “£1.13... d

cattle foraale. J. A DE GARMO. Muir, Mich.



—-—Good Yearlin Field



Mord Down Shee Rams and ewes fit all ages



forsale. I. R. WATERB RY Highland. Michigan.

-—I have 11119 es, th



Reg. Raulbguinetls aLlSoffiny yggngggon nbestfi beg:



al 859 can ram am we mieseasto



Mgorrice gnu .T Road. Address J. Q.A . COOK.





SHHOPSHIBE HALL 8100K FARM





Has for sale. twenty- five choice bred yearling ewes.

at a low price, also a few 3 three and four year-

old, bred ewes.





L. S. DURHAM &. Sons, Concord, Michigan.

"008.





' ‘ —Growthy Spri Boats & G'ths

”Ems & “mas of choicest bregfiin from Prize

Winners. M. '1‘. STORY R. 248. Lowelf, Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





BERKSHIRE Yearling sow bred for July farmw.

also two fall Gilts and choice lot of March furrow-

ed (Pigs eith. sex.) A A. Pattullo, Deckervxlle. Mich.





BERKSHIRES Ed"%§§$il.°go$s‘;§1°§d'1i§. 311101151;





tall pigs. ’1‘. V. HIGKSJLNO.1L Battle Creek. Mich.





FOR SAL, ‘TWO thoroughbred





Chester White Boers.

fnrrpwed last June, right in e1ery way and ready

for' .service. Sire. 1e Victor” , winner of nine

first prizes. Dam Victor Girl’, “inner of first rize

at the Michigan, New York Ohio and Virginia tate

Fairs. Addrem. Bonnie Brae Farm, Algonac, Mich.





 





 





 





DAMS BROS, Litclifield, Mich” breeders of Imp Cheater

White and Tamworth swine, service boars. sows bred or

open, of either breed. Shorthnrn Cattle, Bufl‘ Rock, Buff Wynn-

,W. Orpington, Ckls. all breeding stock leading winners.





DUROC-JERSEYSWPTJ’N“1.11%..g '13?





81116. CAREY U. EDMONDS, Hastings, Michigan.





 





 





TOP NOTCH HOLSTEINS





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

bining in themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have in the past held World' 8 Records for

milk and butter fat at fair rices.



McPHERSON PARivips cot. Howell. nich.





 





E KOL Kosrndyke Bull Calf—Choice“ A. R.

lend id individual mostly white. 375.

COLE BROTHERS. Ypsilanti Farms. Ypsilanti. Mich.





 





‘ —I am goingto sell 15 bulls in March.

"OISlnm nulls W'on’ i: you helfilimeI by buyine 0118‘?

Write me as soon as you readt Ihave one two

years old; 3 yearling} 5, 6 to 8 months old. The rest

are \'.ounger Will also sell a number of heifers bred

and :1 few good cows. Don t wait until spring work beginl

before you buy one of these. 11. E. (‘ONNELl1, Fayette, Ohio.





' ' Specjal rices on

EOlSlelll Friesmn cme couple ycgrling bulls.

W'. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Micl liigan.





-—Bulls 4 & 5 months old. out of AR

“ols‘eins dams and by two of the best. bulls in

the state. Hobart W.F11y, Eden, Inghain Co., Mich.





 





 





 





OLSTEIN-FRIESIAN Cattle andf Duroc Jersey

swine. One gilt bred by 11 son of Defender for

sale. Price 841‘”). E. R. CORNELL. Howell, Mich.





 





‘ DUROC JERSEY Swine established

cap "0' “81111888 1888. One lax-1t Spring Boar and Sept.

1910p Gilts for sale. J. H. Banghart. It a. Lansing, Mich.

DURoc —23 Bred Sows. of hi h unlity. 10



E11 ellent lBearsl rea y or service.





75 Fall BPilgvboth sex Wr come and see.

J. C. EY. COLDW'A'I‘E R. MICHIGAN.





 





 





MPROVED CHESTERS—Yonng boars ready for 1





service. orders taken for sows bred for spring far-

row. Also Holstein Bull Calves of the best of breed-

ing. W. V.V ILSON. Okemos. Mich. Both Phones.





0. I. C. H 0

and more. H. H. JUli

-Sp1'ing. summer 11 full farmwed.

0. lo C. SWine both sexes. breeding and ty

right. Geo. P.Andrem~.D11nsv1lle. Ingham Co. Mic





0. l. C. Early Fall Pigsb 1““ ‘21'1‘1235109 33.1.4





C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Dfichigan.





F011 SALE—Fall Pl 5 and Bred Gills





B. M. WING it SO . Sheridan. Michigan.





 





sail ages. Sows bred.

sMales weighing 195 lbs.

,Munith. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





01' cI—Choite \oung HOWE bred for June furrow.

aim. booking orders for spring igs either sex:

pairs not akin. I“ led Nickel, R. No.1, .lonroe. Mich.





 





o __2 . , . ‘t

Holstein Cows Wanted 1.13.3“35011‘ “2,811“? ‘6.

Records. address. Chas. E. Winters. (‘rcssen Mich,





o I. c— Bred sows all sold 1 June boar left.

I AA few fall





lAI‘lgsRl either sex. Satisfat tion

guaranteed. .NEWM .Marlette. Mic 11 131111.





 





OR SALE—Holstein Bull 2 years old $125. Bull

Calves 6 months to 1 year $50 to $100. Bred heifers

$150 to $200. Oldest herd in Ind. Send dfor Photos and

Pedigrees. W. C. Jackson. 715 Rex St. South Bend. Ind.





FOR SALE—Cows Eiffifilifirim‘fi'iii‘i;





producing stock. 0 A. BRISTOL, Fenton. Michigan.





 





 





—From hi 11



Registered Jersey Bull Calves For Sale ,0. 111, 0%,.

an prize winners. One old enough for ight service.

Prices reasonable. C. Bassett. Kalamazoo, Mich.





' Z) months old Sound. sure.

llogtsieml 18381830"; kind trom co“ making over

4% lbs. of butter $75,1isol six bull calves

cheap. J. C. BUT eERy ePORTLAND, MICHIGAN.





H ER E F0 R D 5—2.3‘1’15?“ 21$ 133112153?





China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.





Omen] 'early

Register oi Merit Jerseys. 1.1.1.111 ,1 1...,

lot of youn bulls from dams with oflicial records

un Maud u wards of butter.

483$)F 0N. Bay City. Michigan.





1’0LAND-C11WAS—132;}:11 ”éiiaé’ét’ifiifff. 13353





L. W. Barnes 111 Son Byron. hiamaseee Co. , Mich.





BIG TYPE POLAND—CHINlS‘h’ii’Jé‘ifiii’i‘s‘fiii‘ds‘hlil‘i





 





.i‘action guaranteed. R. J. LANE. Clare. No. ‘7, Mich.





 





7 —Be::t quality, large grouthy

0clo C S For sale ty.pe either sex..1irs not.

11km, some fine bred rilts (.hohc lot. of fall pigs all

ages. OTTO B St‘ L'LZE, Nashville, Mi 111111.111





 





O I C —F1ill pigs either sex and one Juno



Boar 0 ft. SI am‘ also booking

ordcrs for 11152, fart Ship d on up irovul.

HA liltY T. SCRAI‘J'DIQLIL,w CASS C TY. MICH GAN.





1(1'1 TYPE POLAND CHINA BOARS, also fall and

early spring pigs. B. 1’ Rock eggs $1. 00 per 1'1.

ROBERT NEVIS. Pierson, DIichigau.





GREAT POLAND-CHINA HOG SALE.





JAN UARY 20th.





60 sows bred for spring farm“. Il 1011 want the best,

attend my sale as I have the best in the state.





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater, Michigan.





 





 





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.





“ER” BULLS i Vldas Signal St. L. No.'58197.

Jubilee‘s Foxhnll. No. 82299.

Bull calves sired by these great bulls. and out. of

splendid dairy cows many of them in test for 1egister

of merit. Also a few heifers and heifer calves for

sale. Write for desi ription and prices. Satisfaction

a; arnnteed, or money refunded

COLON C. LlLLIE. Coopersvllle. Michigan.





BUTTER BRED Jk‘iv‘fiii‘éfgfm

YSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver RCreek, Allegan County, Michigan.





 





EGISTERED JERSE) S For Sale—Siome combin-

ing the blood of St Louis and Ch cage World's

Fair Champions bv HERMAN HARMS, Reese. Mich.





Dairy Bred Shorllmrns—fg‘r .5511" $1533;



good as cash. .l. B. HUMMEL. Mason. l’lich.

—4 R1 t d Si tb



F OR SAL B..11.‘1‘f.‘i$1{$.11.l%‘1.1§’v§.‘i





Champion and Ira) Cock Robin from S to 13 months

old. JOHN SC MIDT. Reed City, Michigan.





 





 





Let Me Pay The Postage

on My Big Free Book to You , ’“T'E'fi—f‘





e one of these books yet I’ll send you one free because I want .

Though it costs me 21cts for ev ry Buggies—mndo—to- ~order—sold direct from my ' '

est—guaranteed tWO years. Over 140,000 Split





25.00nnduon18uggy

Big saving on over 100 other styles and fu‘fi line of Harness. My 1911 Book gives descrigtlon



and prices on over 125 styles of Split Hickory Vehicles—tells how they are



they are best to buy-show a you more Vehicles to choose from then you could see in 10 bigy

store rooms. Mayll send you this book free! Will you write today! Address me personally—





Carriage Mfg. Co. Station 32. Columbus. 0. 1/





nthis Split tryHicko Specia





e—and w





 





I —tl B 1 1



Butler 3 Famous Wonders 11:5. ulfikep‘goiiiii. 01113138,?

grow big. because they have been bred big for 20

years. Some great Sept. pigs re:1d\ fm service. (wood

enough lor any breeder cheap enough tor 1111) farmer.

J. C. BUTLER. Poxtland. Mich. Bell Phone.





POLAND= CHINAs-ggegsk 1 1 1





f0 1‘





spring pigs. WOOD 8; SUNS. Saline. Elk-higau.





lARGE TYPE P c —L_111gest in Mic. higan.. Sept

pigs weigh l'1om 175 to 111')



lbs. ——tho herd without an equal. conibininp size



and qualitx. W ELIVINGSTON. Parma, Mich.





FOR SALE £301”): YORKSHIRE PIGS.





0th scum. r011 sounblc





MURRAY-WATEBMAN 00.. Mill lHBOli, HIGH.

LILLIE FARMSTEAD YORKSlllllES.





The great medium bacon type. The hog that. wins

on sheer merit. Large vigorous, prolific. Giltsb bred

for March or April f21rrmv.Fnll pigs. either sex.

Pairs not akl 1.n lguarantee 'satlsfaction. or money

refunded. COLON C. LlLLIE. Coopersville, Mich.





 





 





 





 





’Spllt Hickory



Vehicles Sold



Direct from

Factory to



Home.



30 Days’ Free

Road Test—

Two Years’

Guarantee.
APRIL 1, 1911.





... THE DAIRL





 





VYVY





 





 





W“

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. L1LLIE.





 





HOW TO HAVE GOOD COWS.



A relative of the writer residing in the

state of New York, who has followed

dairying for 30 years, and always keeping

from 40 to 50 cows, (which were bought,

not raised), said he never owned any

prodigy, or uncommonly good cows, but

a large number of ordinary, and poor

ones; that in buying he had always picked

for the best in accordance with the rules,

and marks laid down by the experts, who

declare that the dairy type indicates good





cows. He spoke of a neighbor who boast-





ed of having a cow that gave a bushel of

milk (32 quarts) a day, but said such

cows were scarce as the famous trotting

horses that got over a mile in about two

minutes.



The writer said to a neighbor who

raised good dairy stock, and frequently

sold cows: “When you have a good cow

to sell, let me know, I want to buy her.”

He smiled, and answered confidentially:

“I don’t sell my good cows.” Other sell-

ers, no doubt have the same rule and

keep their best cows for their own use,

as they certainly should. This being gen-

erally the case, it would seem that the

only way to have a good dairy, and keep

it good, is to raise the heifer calves to

maturity, and motherhood, and after test-

ing them, retain only the best. Of course,

the calves should be sired by a full blood

dairy bull. A heifer should not be con-

demned and discarded for unsatisfactory

performance at the pail the first year.

She should be given another chance to

prove her worth with the second calf.





Like is said to produce like, and why the

calf of a superior cow, begotten by a.

dairy bull, should not be equal to the

mother for milk production, is a hidden

fact of nature which will never be dis-

covered. I hax'e owned three uncom-

monly good cows, and had them served

by good bulls, but not one of the calves

ever equaled her mother for milk, or but-

ter production. No doubt they were bet—

ter cows than they would have been had

not their parents been good. If painstak-

ing and mating the best, does not meet

expectations it is nevertheless necessary

to practice it in order to prevent dete-

rioration. If like does not always pro-

duce like, it is more likely to, than blind

chance. Breeding only from the best, and

discarding the poorest, was the rule and

practice of the old breeders who founded

the breed which have remained superior

to this day. A dairy critic wrote: “When

a well bred heifer proves inferior to the

parent stock, it is the fault of the breed-

er, or feeder," and that “the nerve force

must be kept up, the lung capacity made

large, and the digestion powerful.” It

is barely possible that the growth of a

calf might be stunted, its size at maturity

lessened, and its constitution weakened

by improper feeding, but such cases are

not cemmon enough to account for the

fact above stated, and I know that my

calves were properly fed and cared for,

as I did it myself. Good digestion is pre-

served by proper feeding of the right





foods, and the proper foods fed too liber--





ally will bring on the Scours, the scourge

of calfdom. Calves are greedy animals,

and will eat and drink more milk than

their stomachs will bear, and the stom-

achs will weaken and fail to do good

work. Gormandizing food is not the fail-

ing of calves alone, human beings are

also guilty. Some dairy writers have said

that heifer calves should have food of a

different composition from bull calves. It

does not seem reasonable. Until a heifer

gives milk, the food she needs, and must

have, is to make flesh, blood and bone,

precisely the same the male calf needs.

Do these writers provide different foods

for their daughters than for their sons?





It appears that the only way to have

good cows is to raise them yourself, and

weed out some of the poorest. The weed--

ing out process may be carried too far.

Some of the cows weeded out would have

paid well for their keeping, and given

some profit besides. A little profit is bet-

ter than none. Because hogs are more

profitable than hens, we do not stop rais-

ing poultry. The dairy reformers say:

"Weed them out!” “Send them to the

butcher!" “Don't send them to boaird on

some other unfortunate man!"





Some people are perfectionists, and car-

ry their doctrine to extremes. Ex-Gov.

Hoard journeyed all the way from Wis-

consin, to tell us that the average annual

production in the state of New York is





 





Tl'iE MICHIGAN FARMER.,





and that Pensylvania and Wisconsin are

in the same category, and asks: “Does

any man believe this will keep the cow

and leave any profit?” It depends alto-

gether on how much it costs to keep the

cow, the price obtained for dairy products

and the cost of labor. Cows can be kept

in some places .cheaper than in others,

and the exact cost of a quart of milk or

pound of butter is a sum which has never

yet been accurately determined. It de-

pends on the value of the land on which

the cows are kept, the value of the cows,

(or price they would sell for), the value

of the calf, the value of the food con-

sumed, (whether raised or bought), the

cost of labor, an the value of the ma-

nure. The cost varies in different locali-

ties, and on different farms/“in the same

locality, and on the same farm in favor-

able, or unfavorable seasons.

Pa. J. W. INGHAM.





ARRANGING A BASEMENT STABLE





 





I have a wall built for a barn 30x40

with the walls 12 inches thick. I would

like to know how wide to have feeding

alley through the center and how wide

to have the alleys behind the cows. Barn

is for cattle only. Also the best way to

get from the barn floor to the basement,

there being a heavy timber each side of

driveway from which sleepers run to the





sill.

C. W. P.





Kent Co.

A cow stable 30x40 ft. is not of the





proper shape to be arranged the most and 34 ft. high, with a 4—ft. basement.i





economically so far as space is con-

cerned, and for being convenient, and

labor—saving in the care of cows. If you

put two rows of cows through the nar-

row way of the barn 30 ft. you cannot





alley back of each row ’of cows to drive

through with the manure spreader and

take care of the [manure the work of car-

ing for animals would be further reduced.

This would be a little bit extravagant for

space, but on the other hand it would

give you larger sterage capacity above

and there is where nearly every dairy

barn is deficient.



But now G. \V. P. wants to run two

rows of. cows across the barn the 30-ft.

way and have them face the center With

one common feeding alley. I would have

this feeding alley 6 ft. wide, and then the

two rows of cows would take up 7 ft. on

either side of this feeding alley back to

the gutters. One foot more would be

necessary for the gutter, and that would





leave two 4-ft. alleys behind the cows inv





which to handle the manure, and as long

as the manure must be wheeled out this

will be a sufficient alley or ‘space to do

the work, and the 6-H. alley between the

mangers will be wide enough where ev-

erything is done by hand.





 





WEIGHT AND VALUE OF SILAGE.





 





I am taking the liberty to bother you

a few minutes. I sold my farm. The

man buying it wants to buy the silage.

\\'hat would it be worth a ton? It was

filled and refilled with reasonably good

corn that would go 80 to 90 bu. per acre.

It has kept fine. Also, how many tons

is there left? The silo is 12 ft. in diameter





It was thoroughly packed by three or





four men while filling. There is 9 ft.

of silage left in bottom now.

“'ayne Co. A. D.





It is difficult to say what corn silage





is worth as there is no market for it. In l





,3,000-1bs. of milk, or 125 lbs. of butter, through and then have a wide enough' --





 





I

i

i

l

l





i

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i





ii





I

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I





 





(9) 385





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





DELIVERED FREE

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Left ‘Wiith You For





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trouble—take no responsibility.

That is the sort of free trial you

can have of the





SHARPLES





Tubular Cream





Separator





Ask us for it. The Dairy

Tubular is later than and

different from all others.

Twice the skimming

force of common sepa—

rators, therefore skims

fastcrand twice as clean.

Repeatedly pays for‘it-

; self by saying

”JWWM cream no common

separator can get.

Free from disks and other

contraptions. Wears a hic-

time. Guaranteed forever

by America’s oldest and

world's biggest separator

. concern. Farcheapcrtobuy

one Tubular for life than

risk anything on any

(so-called) cheap

machine, the average

life of which is one year.

You can own and use a

Tubular for less than any

» othcrmake.





Write for

ca ta! 0 gu e

No. 152 and

free trial.





THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR C0.

WEST CHESTER PA.



Chicago. 11]., San Francisco, 0111., Portland. Ore.



Toronto, On". Wlnnlpeg, ('nn.





w..—





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





Grand Champion Ayrshire Cow at National Dairy Show.





have an alley—'VTidevenough to driv‘





through to feed the cows, if you have the

cows face each other in the center of the

barn, and if you have them face the

outside you cannot provide an alley be-

hind the two rows of cows wide enough

so that you can drive through with the

manure spreader or a manure truck to

draw out the manure. Arranging it with

two rows of cow stalls in a 30—ft. barn

there is no way to plan it except to have

eVeI‘Ything done by hand. The manure

must be wheeled out on a wheelbarrow

and all the feed must be'drawn in by

hand or carried in.



On the other hand, if we arrange the

cow stalls the other way in the 40-ft.

width of the barn this will be a little bit

wider than is really necessary. You can

have a driveway in front of the cows if

you have them face each other in the

center of the barn so that you can drive

through with soiling crops or anything of

that sort and feed directly from the

wagon, or if you want them to face the

outside then you can have a wide enough

alley between the cows to drive through

with the manure truck or manure

spreader but a barn 36 ft. wide will an-

swer every purpose. I should prefer to

have the cows face the outside and have

an alleyway in the center because the

manure job is the worst job upon a dairy

farm- and the labor is reduced to a mini-

mum when you load it directly onto a

wagon from the gutters and take it to

the fields.



Of course, if one had a barn wide

enough, and I think if I was going to





build another barn I would have it that





way, so‘ that you could have the cows

stand in _two rows and have a wide

enough alley between them to drive





our cow testing work we charge the cows

$3.50 per ten but it is really worth more.

On the average for a whole silo the rule

is to figure 40 lbs. per cu. foot, but the

bottom of your silo will surely run 50

lbs. per cu. foot. If the diameter of





your silo is 12 ft., the area would be 120‘ Feeders. Farmers and Dairymen in :

sq. ft. of surface, and if tilled 9 ft. would- Americashouldread this book, and





make 1,080 cu ft., and figuring 50 lbs. to

the cu, ft. you would have 54,000 lbs., or

27 tons of ensilage on hand, which at

$3.50 per ton would be Worth $94.50.



Prof. llccker at Round—lip Institute at

Lansing, a year ago stated ensilage was

worth $5.00 per ten, but he figured in the

value of its succulency as well as its

food value.





 





A FOUR-BOTTLE BABCOCK TESTER.





I have bought a four-bottle Babcock

milk tester, and casually remarking the

fact in the presence of our creamery

manager he informed me that such were

not reliable, that all they would do for

one would be to show the relative rich-

ness of the different cows' milk, that one

did not get speed enough on hand testers

to be accurate. Is that a fact, or is he

"stringing” me?



Allegan Co. “SCOTT."



There isn’t any reason why one can-

not do just as accurate work with a four-

bottle tester as he can with any other

tester. There are certain things that are

necessary in handling the tester. You

must have accurate bottles and an ac-

curate pipet and then taken an accurate

sample. That is the all important thing.

Besides this it must be run at the proper

velocity and the milk must be kept at the

proper temperature. When you comply

with these requisites it doesn’t make any

difference whether you have got a two

bottle tester, a. four-bottle tester, or a





Dairymen





 





You bet-

ter try





DRIED BEET PULP





1





this year. You can not lose but you will profit by doing





so. Used by many of the best feeders ol‘ the state who

find it a valuable feed. selling below it‘s- true feeding

value as compared to the other foods and grain.



Cheaper, and gives better results than bran for

which it. is substituted by the best dairynwn.



Forms a valuable addition to any 1'“! ion, being vege-

table the mechanical effect; is good which causes a

better assimilation of the other feeds.



Especially good with cotton spell meal as it, counter-





acts the objectionul features of this feed.



Dried Beet l’ulp will chezlpcn any ration. Substitute

it for a portion of the ration you use and you will

secure better results in both production and improve-

ment in the health of your animals.



(Jail on your dealer, if he cannot supply you write





T. F. MARSTON,

Center St., ' Bay City, Mich.





Michigan Broker for the Manufacturers.





‘ The only thoroughly manufactured

Silo on the market. Full length stave.

‘ I Continuous door frame complete with

, I ladder. Triple beveled lilo door with



’ hinges. Equipped with extra heavy

hoops at bottom.





AI R TIGHT



flakes winter feed equal to June

grass. THE ROSS will more than pay

, m g for itself in one season. Write to-

day for catalog which given facts that

’ will save you money. Agent: wanted.

The E. W. Ross Co.(Est.1850)



. Box 14 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





l

i





 





EREE TO FARMERS





A Valuable lilo-page book entitled . "‘ .

u , " '





"SILO PROFITS 3/-





Written by 200 of the most successful ,





 

 

 

 





the World. {13’ Every farmer in

as long as our supply of these books

last we will mail one copy free to

each person asking for it. It gives

theactual experience of those farm- -'

erg an}? in their own words. .

ur ‘ac or es are located at An- . -

gerson, 51113.. Des Moines, Iowa. and *3 (fl

ansaa y, Write NOW 5! ° ° 1

fllssourl. 3% for this book 5110 PrOflts '

INpIANn SILOcCOMPANY c

. 382Umon Bulldmfi. Anderson. Indiana





   





 





 





There are many superior

“features in the





NA’PPANEE





SILO





Let us tell you about

them.

RDLIABLE AGENTS WANTED.

THE NAPPANEE

. LBR. 6: l’lFG. CO.



Nappanee, - lndiana.





   





 





 





 





s...





——

t





W

Owl Brand [lotion Seed Meal





4] Percent Protein Guaranteed





Standard for 35 Years.



Corn can‘t, replace cottonseed meal. _

Animals need Protein. Feed a. balanced ration.

Write for our booklet "Science of Feeding.”



F. VI. MODE 8» 80.. Memphis. Immune—Establish“ 1815





 





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARM“

when vou are writing to advertisers.
386 (10)





thirty-bOttle tester, and it doesn’t make

any difference whether it is run by power

or by hand. The creamery manager cer-

tainly spoke carelessly if he said it was

impossible for the average person who

has had little or no experience in running

a Babcock tester to get accurate results.

If he said that you would get only com-

parative results he would state the case

correctly, but when he says that it is

impossible to do accurate work with a

hand Babcock tester. he is stating some-

thing that is not so. Probably what he

meant was the results usually obtained

were not satisfactory. The farmer with

the four—bottle tester car. lave just as

accurate glassware as the creamery man

can with his power tester. The farmer

can, if he is careful enough, take just as

accurate a sample as anybody and he

can turn the machine at the proper ve-

locity and he can have a sufficient

amount of hot water so that he can keep

the temperature just where he wants it.





CARE OF MILK AND CREAM ON THE

FARM.





Milk as it leaves the udder of a heal-

thy cow, is practically pure, free from

germs and foreign matter. It may, how-

ever, become impure and tainted in var-

ious ways, as. for instance. in any of the

following: lst. By mixture with it of

particles of dirt, manure. bedding. hair,

etc., during and after milking. 2nd. By

absorbing strong odors. as from manurcs.

fertilizers. en , 11.} By introduction of

bacteria, will '11 may cause souring: or

bitter, slimy. rnpy. or Leo-called “bloody"

milk.



Under the firs: c.;r.-i:1:.:; milk is co".—

taminated with nltli of various kinds. in

‘many cases through tuf'k‘il.‘b\.‘.e§5 in the

barns. Therc are likes it be particles





 





 





 





 





of’ dust and dirt in the .~..~ :llZ-l on the

bodies of most cows. cspe- .4 1y about the

udder, which readily tirn'w :w ws to the

milk. chiefly during ii:ii:;..1g ,lctl-v-i. The

attempt to prevent this b). tart-i. _. a

strained to the milk pail .iul‘lzi»: :;.. king

is not advisable. Such stramem are

cumbersome. they tend to space: the

milk, and are disagreeable to use. “1ch





sure method of preventing contaminath :1

of milk by such foreign matter as we are

considering is to be sought in securing

the right conditions in the stables. thor-

oughly cleansing the (-nw, an; by 1h:-

employment of lllllkel.~. clean in person

and clothing. who understand how the

cow should be milked. and who will do

the work properly.



During the summer months whet; the

milking is done in the open air, the sur-

rounding atmosphere should be pure, the

milking be done in a sheltezcd spot.





which largely prevents the wiry" from

blowing dry dust into the ntlii. and the

yard ,be kept st-i'i;1--_;:m:s;; «on; “he

whole body of the cow should Lu: brushed

and the udder parts of the Indy adjacent

to the udder Should rm: only Lt- brushed,

but also wiped will. a damp cloth or





sponge. Dampening the hair just before

milking will do much to prevent dust

from the udder and the HUB adjacent

from falling into the pail. rl‘he dress and

hands of the milker should be thoroughly

clean. and milking ill\‘t'd_\'s be dune with

dry hands. it the hands could simply be

moistened the practice might be allow-

able, but the custom of moistening the

hands is apt to degenerate into the habit

of making them wet, s) wet, that there

is a drip from the hands into the pai‘.

which means filth. and which cannot be

too strongly condctzmcd. Owing to the

marvelous rapidity with which it absorbs

while cooling. the milk should be re—

moved from the stable as soon as it is

drawn. “'hile the aim should be to keep

the stable free from odors. the result can

SPldOlll be so perfectly attained as to

make it desirable that the ntilk should

stand in the stable. or in an atmosphere

polluted with stable odors. cr such as are

too often manifest near where the milk-

ing is going on.



The use of a line cloth strainer is de—

sirable, but it should be rcmembered that

' the mere straining of milk does not undo

the evil of a filthy milkez'. and also. that

the carelessness in washing and steriliz-

ing the strainer cloth may lead to serious

trouble in contaminating the fresh milk.

The cloth should be thoroughly rinsed

and washed in lexlil‘l water, and as a last;

operation be sterilized in boiling water.



Probably the most Common form of

contamination of milk is by means of

bacteria. Milk as it is secreted by a

healthy cow is believed to be sterile, that

is, it contains no germs. So far as it is

known, it is not possible for bacteria of

any kind to pass through the digestive





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘ .





organs and the blood vessels and appear

in the milk. In the end‘of the teat of the

cow, however, which is usually moist,

and its temperature favorable to the mul-

tiplication of germs, the organisms are

invariably found, and because of this

probability it is advisable to discard the

first few streams of milk drawn from the

cow, which Wash out and hold the germs

lodged at the end of the teat. It is prac-

tically impossible to milk a covuunder

such conditions that no bacteria will find

their way into the milk. They are to be

found almost everywhere, and the air

and fine particles of dust contain many of

those minute organisms. They find a

fertile and congenial medium for growth

and multiplication in the warm milk as

it is drawn from the cow, and while ab-

solute freedom t‘rom bacteria is an im-

possibility, the number can be kept rela-

tively low by observing the conditions of

cleanliness alluded to above, and by im-

mediately cooling the milk to at least 60

degrees Faint. and retaining it at that

temperature until delivered at the cream-

ery. .\t a moderately high temperature.

or from 70 to 100 degrees Fahr, bacteria

multiply with a marvelous rapidity. while

below 60 degrees Fahr. their growth is

very materially checked, and the milk or

cream will keep free from taint for a

considerably longer period. Milk pails

and dirty utensils of various kinds are





 





this man

was





from your manure. Cover two acres

to every one by hand. spreading

with better results and do it as

fast as 10 men with forks.





...MILLER...

Manure Spreader

and Pulverizer





is the only low down spreader. easy to

load. Handles all manure. pulverizes

thoroughly. spreads evenly. _thick or

thin. as wanted. Right w1 d th to

straddle corn rows. Solid bottom bog,

scraped clean every load. Automanc

drag return, safety end-gate. double

drive. Send tor catalog B and know

every reason why you should own a.

Miller modern spreader.



Tho NEWARK IAONINIGOu “01.0..





sore





He bought a PE

Ind—cad separator With-

out investigating any

other makes. When he

failed to get the prom-





 





 





ised yield of cream he





THE CHAPMAN ENGINES





Are built. to do work. light.

weiglht. easy to laaradlegft .

am 5' stamp an ura e. 2

When he fo‘md that twop sizes, our Cycle, run > V.

anything on the farm, .2;

~rom Waslzing Machine





his 11 e i g h b o r ’ S IcoCornHuskersmpie.





Rzlinble. Bray to Start





was disappointed, but





 

 

 

 

   





 





often the source from which bacteria

have multiplied, and then being imper-

fectly cleansed, they abundantly seed thel

new milk put into them with germs of.

various kinds. .



-\ll dairy utensils should be smooth:

especially on the interior, and the bedllis:

of the pails should be perfectly fitted with}

solder. Wooden pails should never be

used. livery dairy should have a plenti-l

l’ul supply ot’ both hot and cold waterfl

and it possible, steam. All tinware used

in handling milk and cream should be‘

first rinsed in warm water, then tho:-

oughly washed in hc-t water and strong

soap or washing soda. then rinsed and,

finally scalded or steamed for several“.

minutes. Simply turning live steam into}

a can or pail is not all that is necessary?

The steam needs time to reach every:

crevice and corner. Cloths and Sponges:

should be used as little as possible inf





washing dairy utensils; brushes are pre-‘





t'crable.



From the time the milk is drawn from

the cow until the, butter is manufactured,

much trouble will be avoided if cleanli-

ness is observed in every detail from

start to finish, and the milk immediately

tooled, and kept below 60 degrees Fahr.,

when the surrounding air is free from

odors and dust, and when perfect ventila-

tion is easily obtainable.



Canada. “1 R. GILBERT.





ARE THEY CONSISTENT?





Each oleomargarine Witness at the re-

cent hearings at Vl’ashington, was very

emphatic in his claims that he was ex-i

ceedingly anxious to prevent fraud in the'

sale of oleomargarine. He did not wait

for anyone to accuse him of being in-

sincere—just seemed to take it for grant-

ed that he was suspicioned and that he

should make answer. No one can blame

him for exercising this caution, it pre-

vented embarrassing questions being

asked.



0-*~'-;1.<ionall_\'. however. the mask slipped

off and the witness was shown up in his

true light. Mr. Geo. R. Green, secretary

of the Illinois Retail Merchants‘ Associa—

tion. who claimed to be “speaking for

probably 230,000 or 300.000 dealers in a

mod product in these United States,"

said:



“1 want to answer Mr. Flanders as to

my conception of fraud. You speak of

fraud. Can a fraud be perpetrated with-

out particularly injuring the people——un-

less it particularly injures the people?

Now. assuming that oleomargarine is

sold for butter, does it. in its fullest

sense. perpetrate a fraud, because no-

body is injured under it?" (Official rec-

ord of hearings, page 222).



Of course, he had no sooner uttered

the words before he realized his mistake

and was most emphatic in his claims that

he didn't want this done. But the “cat

was out of the bag." It was too late.



Mr. Green should not, however. be se—

lected as the chief offender. “'0 have

quoted him because he talked for so many

('1’) people. We have been wondering

how the thousands of honest retail deal-

ers who are fully in accord with all pure

food laws. one 0‘! the fundamental princi-

ples of which is the proposition that an

article shall sell upon its own merits, en-

joy such a (mis)representation. ,



Minn." ' E. K. SLATER.





 





without cranking. lowest



running expenses. Get

Economy got all the our catalog and 30 clays'

———-——- ._ free trial 039:. Address

“ECONOMIZER,” Box 95. Marcellus. Mlch.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





cream and cost onlyl





 





   

   

   





about half hewassore. . \ \ ‘~ l " /' /

—— .nxw. . a}?

Take no chances. » \ \ l " , 4



‘ onllssouldeZl-thcggnmlgfilll “with... m!" ‘



Start right by writing Bhucka) and GRIND ullkinds of small ' ’/ D





grain. Us. Conic-l Shape Grinders.

Dill-rent Mm all others.





LIGHTEST

RUNNING.





(Our Circular Tells Why.)





Handy lo 0 onto. 10 Slum-

' 8m 26 h. p. no size for wind-

wheel use.





A140 Make Sweep Grinders;

both Geared and Plain.





D.N.P. Bowsher 00.

South Bend, Ind.





today for 'a free copy‘

of our Economy Chief

Dairy Guide for IS” I.





Sears, Roebuck and Co.





Chicago, Illinois





Which One Will You

Test on Your Farm





for Ninety Days ?

Freight Prepaid





Which will you try. 30 Days‘ Free or 90 Daya‘ Ap-

proval Test?



—Any capacity from 200 to 950 pounds per hour.

according to your needs. and I‘ll save you from $25.00

to $50.00 on the price.



—Thc only Separator whose gearing runs in a "Bath





 





of on" like a 35.000 automobile—Feature worth $50. ()0 alone. 8;"

—Automatically oils itself—Pour oil at the top. once a month ’3';

from your oil jug or can—No danger of running dry. or mining I

it like others- No oil cups to remember to fill or turn up twice a day. ‘5'"





—Dust-proof — Danger-proof—All can enclosed—simple but

standard built am! absolutely dependable.





GALLO WA PS 512:... ..





HIGH GRADE STANDARD GRE‘ M SEP‘ RA 1'0 R8

‘ --Has the only revolving supply tank—worth $15.00 alone. —Let me send you my Big New Sep-

—Easicst to clean and the few parts come out easy and auto: Book—post paid—Free. so you and your wife and

can't get back out of place. the boys and girls can tall: it over and then try one of

-F.asiest to run—high crank—low tank. With no high my separators under my easy plan {or you to do it.

lifting and no “hack-breaking" cranking. You'll call it the best if you test it alongside any of the

—Gets the finest quality cream and all of it—no lumps highest priced $85.00 and £110.00 separators sold by

or churning. as Nature's true principle is followed without anvbody today—makers—catalog houses—dealers-dobbets

forcing either the milk or Cfcalin the wrong way up or dogu. ox anybody else. Wntc me today.

-Skims closest in any c imate or season, no we er

whether your mill: is warm or cold. wuwg" anallavamgk"

--ls as handsome a machine. compact and substantial. I LL

:3 you ever saw or could find. Beautiful finish. “3 adlwu “3., WC‘CPIOD. '&





 

 

   





 

 





   

   

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





A BUILT-RIGHT BINDER





The JOHNSTON "Continental" is recognized the world

l over an the most perfect “lief made—has greater

} strength and more elevator capacity than others. and will

. give lons'er dependable service.

Light. easily operated, simply constructed;

has many superior lecturer—built fight.





JOHNSTON





FARM MACHINERY





 





Spread“ Narrows. etc.. represent the most modern development along practical lines.

Write Io-day [or new 1911 catalog-it gives facts about the world's best (arm machines.





THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO. Boxlos-B BATAVIA, N. Y.





 





 





 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 





' Farmers! Stookmeni Dairymepl If you haven't followed up the Silo information

this year you. have mused something big. We have got the information to: you.

Write us. Let us tell you the amazi profits in cash—In bank ts-that-

have been gathered in b users. of t e famous Saginaw Silo. We wi 1 write on

personally. ginng you in prmation on which you can are what the Saginaw ilo

. would do for you. We Will also sand on our k. ‘ 6 Modern Way of Saving

Money on the Farm. ’ The Saginaw Silo is sold direct from the factory only by the

_ FARMEIS HANDY WAGON COMPANY of ‘ ' '

Don't build or buy any Iilo until it“ know all about the Sn. innv All-Stee Door Frame. which

firevonu collupsmg or bulging t \u tell you abut out Ir-Tlcht Boon—Largo Door Opening!—

audy Combined Door Fastener and Ladder. Hoops. Lu 9. ate—the everlesfi material! we use.

Ask us for special prices on the “’hlrlwindg Silo Filler—cold In 17.

FARMERS HANDY WAGON co. Station 5. SAGINAW. HIGH.

Imm.8hflon 51)“th loflmmfim “Wall“





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
c-..;.-_......_.__.._, __ . .___... .. ,g





 





 





 





 





APRIL 1, 1911.





SECURING AND MAINTAINING A

HIGH-CLASS DAIRY HERD.

(Continued from first page).

butter-fat should be selected. Personally

I am in favor of selecting animals that

stand high as economical ‘producers,

whether it sacrificed uniformity or not.

The uniform is to a degree, inbred. Un-

likes, within certain limits, invigorate



and are desirable.



It seems to me that our leading breeds

of dairy cattle have reached a stage of

development at which we should not be

afraid to sacrifice color markings in or—

der to produce animals that will give

larger profits at the pail. By thisI do not

advocate wide crossing or mating ex-

tremes of type, characteristics and tem-

perament. In studying the milk records

and feed records. of the cows we must

take into account her ability to produce

a good, vigorous calf, for when we speak

of production of dairy products we must

consider the calf as one of the products.

In the pure-bred herd it is one of the

most important dairy products.



Some divergence of opinion prevails in

relation to the time the heifers should be

bred for their first calf. It is held by

many well known breeders that the milk

producing tendencies should be cultivated

before the fattening tendencies are be-

ginning to be brought into play. The

time fer mating is placed so that the

heifer will drop her first calf at about

two years of age. Obviously, the time

must depend somewhat upon tne develop-

ment secured by good care and feeding.

The heifer that is compelled to take upon

herself the burdens of maternity at two

years of age requires a liberal system of

feeding to overcome the tendency to be-

ing stunted. Breeding is not a fixed

science and in saying this I have. not ov—

erlooked the Menadl law that assumes in

part that breeding may be conducted

along mathematical lines. By whatever

laws that are, or are to be, unfolded we

may pursue in breeding, it will be neces-

sary to breed from the best and conduct

a rigid system of selection and mating.

Then, after we have attained a high av—

erage, it should be our aim to hold the

animals in good health by the aid of well

lighted and well ventilated sanitary

barns. A good, comfortable stable is es-

sential in uplifting and holding the level

of a high-producing dairy herd.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.



HOW TO DO A CHURNING.-



It may seem like a very simple matter

to do a churning, and one that requires

very little attention, yet there is a right

and a wrong method. The churning is

perhaps the least important part of but-

tcrmaking, but at the same time if it is

not done properly the butter may be

spoiled. Improper churning may spoil a

batch of butter which otherwise would

have been good, but no method of churn-

ing will overcome the evil effects caused

by neglecting the 'cream and milk pre-

vious to churning.



Before churning, one should make sure

that the cream is properly ripened and

has received the needed attention. After

it has ripened to the correct sourness it

should be cooled down to the churning

temperature and let stand for a few

hours. Then the churn is first thoroughly

scalded and rinsed out with cold water.

The scalding prevents cream and butter

from sticking to the sides of the churn.

The cold water should be left in the

churn until the cream is put in for the

churning.



In churning, the first thing to see to,

is that the cream is at the right tempera-

ture. A, small floating glass thermometer

should be kept for this purpose. No ex—

act churning temperature can be given,





‘because so much depends upon the condi-





tions under which the churning is done,

season of year, breed of cows, state of

lactation period. feed and other factors.

It should be churned at a temperature so

that too butter will gather in the form of

small granules in about'45 minutes. If it

gathers quicker than this, it is likely the

cream'was too Warm and that fat was

left in the buttermilk. Under the average

conditions, the temperature varies from

56 t0 6.: degrees. Better results seem to

be obtained when churned at the mini-

mum temperature rather than the maxi-

mum, the only objection to a long churn-

ing being the time required. If the cream

is too warm in the churn a pail of cold

water may be added. -

The most favorable results are obtained

from cream testing in the neighborhood

of 33 per cent. When this ripens it may

be too thick for agitation and not fall in

the churn, but this difficulty can be over-





.. . .. .... “Mun. “lufil‘fi—‘DM‘ » »





THE 'Mi'cmoAN FARMER.





come easily by adding cold water. Better

results are obtained from a heavy cream

diluted with water than from a thin cream

undiluted. If the cream is churned so

that every gallon of cream yields about

three and a. quarter pounds of butter, the

thickness is not far from correct.



The churning should be continued un-

til the butter has gathered into granules

the size of corn kernels. When it first

begins to break they will be smaller than

pin heads, but' increase in size as the

churning continues. Some buttermakers

stop the churning when the granules are

the size of grains of wheat, but it is best

to let them get as large as corn kernels,

which insures a more complete churning.



The buttermilk should then be drawn

off and the butter washed once in a lib—

eral amount of water. When the butter

comes in the form of these granules, the

buttermilk will drain from the butter,

leaving it reasonably. free from butter-

milk. Generally the one water is suffi-

cient to wash it. Excessive washing de-

stroys a delicate flavor and is not neces-

ary. Use as much water as there was

buttermilk and have it as near the same

temperature as possible, colder if any-

tning. Sometimes the butter comes in a

warm mass, when it will be necessary to

wash it more to remove all the butter-

milk. One should avoid having it come

in a mass, which can be done by churn-

ing at a lower temperature and by dilut-

ing the cream with cold water.





The salting is preferably done as soon

as the butter is washed. The most con-

venient and practical way is to have a

combined churn and worker, and salt the

butter before it is removed from the

churn. Otherwise it must be worked in

with a ladle or" with a regular butter

worker. The amount of salt to use de-

pends upon the tastc of the trade and

temperature at which butter came. it it

came warm a less amount of salt will give

the same results as a greater quantity

when the butter is cold. Generally about

an ounce to the pound is sufficient, but if

the butter is cold or the trade likes salty

butter, more than this may be needed.

It should be thoroughly and uniformly

worked into the butter, which is best ac-

complished by a partial brine salting and

when there will be less danger of over-

salting.





Pennsylvania. L. J. HAYNES.





THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE

CREAM SEPARATOR.





The cream separator enables the farm-

er to separate the milk immediately after

being drawn from the cow, thus providing

for the very best disposition of the pro—

ducts. The cream can be immediately

cared for, a thing of the greatest import—

ance if a high quality is expected of it

or its products.



If the skim—milk is intended to be fed

to pigs or calves, it, too, contains its

greatest feeding value, having still re-

tained its animal heat, and if properly

fed makes a very valuable by—product.



The cream separator not only enables

the farmer and his family to produce a

better product than they otherwise could

do, but it opens to them various profit-

able markets that would not be possible

with any other method, namely, cream

for the city retail trade, whipping cream,

pasteurized whipping cream used by bak-

ers and confectioners for frosting and

fillings, also certified cream, which is

coming into use in connection with cer-

tified milk, a product used as food for

infants, invalids and the more wealthy

class of people in our large towns and

cities.



New, production for these cream trades

would not be possible with any degree of

uniformity as regards percentage of but—

ter—fat consistency, etc., by the gravity

system, and as to certified cream, con—

taining a low bacterial count, it would be

simply impossible.



You may feel that these conditions do

not apply to the farmer with a small

herd and that he and his family are not

competent to supply such markets as are

named above. But it is a fact neverthe-

less, that the writer has been actively

engaged during the past ten years in sup-

plying just such markets as named above

and just in the order named and knows

exactly whereof he speaks when he says

that any of these markets are open to

you if you but produce the goods. Also,

that he began some of these with a herd

consisting of one cow.



I believe that the purchase of the best

cream separator a farmer can buy will

prove a very valuable investment edu-

cationally as well as-financially.



Lenawee Co. J. A. LAWSON. '





 





 





 





 





 





 





l





 





l





 





- Western

Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great

offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS,





AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO.,





 





false statement;





have proved this statem





this statement is absolutely tin





can prove their claim.





The following facts are known world wide. viz :

That the United States Scpa‘ators run their full rated





capacities and more.

That We Guarantee e





SEPARATOR to separate its full rated capacity.





That the DcLaval and other





been beaten by the United. States in capacity as well as in

efficiency in every National and International contest; at

the Pan-Atticrican Exposition at Buffalo, in 50 consecutive

runs, extending over 30 days with the milk of 10 differcnt

breeds of cows; at the Alaska-Yukon—Pacitic Exposition at





Seattle in 1909, Where the Unitu

Grand Prize.

I11 their efforts to overcome





States Separator, as demonstratcd by the recognized truths,

the Delaval resort to extravagant and untruthful statements





like the one quoted above.

The United States Separator

other points that go to make :1,





Send for Catalog No. 111 um i and learn the full truth.





Vermont Farm Machine





Distributing Warehouses in all Dairy Sections of the t‘ouutry.





 





$1,000.00





A manufacturer of Cream Separators, our “would-

be competitor,” has advertized extensively the following





“AN HON EST CAPACITY CRFA M

SE PARATOR. ’ ’

“\Ve make the claim that under any and all

conditions a DcLa 'al machine rated M450

pounds capacity will skim as much whole—milk

in an hour as any “would be

machine rated at 600 pounds per hour, and we





contests. that it has come to be an accepted

fact by all well-informed dalrymen.”





So far as the United States Cream Separator is concerned





any State Dairymcn’s Association before whom the DeLaval





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COPYRIGHT l9l I





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DETROIT. APIL I, [9".





CURRENT COMMENT.



In the last issue



Reciprocity and the the report of Consul

Dairy Industry. Slater. located at

Sarnia. ()nt., was



quoted to Show a. measure of the result

which the enactment of the Canadian

reciprocity agreement would have upon

the dairy industry of Michigan and the

rcmcmbcr





country. The reader will



that this report showed largm unporta-

tions of cream from (,miario :‘oihm-ing ihe

enactment of the Payne-Aldrich tariff bill,

in which—it is alleged by iiiiszrikc—the

tariff on cream was reduced from five





cents per pound to live ccz‘ifs a gallon.

Figures relating to the cxicn‘. of such

importations during the past year under

this reduced tariff, and estimates of the

probable extent of like importations un-

der the free admission of dairy products

will prove most interesting reading at

this time for the dairymcn of the state.

Official information on this subject is

hard for an American citizen to get at

this time. but we are in possession of

correspondence between a creamery lo—

cale-l close to the Canadian border in

northern New York and an exporter of

butter and cheese at Montreal. which ll—

luminates this problem in an inieresiing

manner. In this correspondcmm the

statement is made by the Blinntreal firm

that “the cream shipped to the l'nited

States during 1910 would have made up

about 130,000 fifty-pound boxes of butter,

and of course. to that extent is the cause

of the surplus in the l'nitcd Siilii‘i today.

The total can-c»; of milk protlucls in Can-

ada .for export. whcihcr it goes into

cream. butter or cheese. is equivalent to

about $000,000 packages of butter. Dur-

ing the past year we shipped out as

above equal to 150.000 to the United

States, about. ihe same quantity to Brit—

ish Columbia and the Northwest. and

about 3.000.000 boxcs to England, besides

2,200,000 boxes of Si-ib cheese.”

“'i'iting further ofthe probable effect of

reciprocity on the OKlWI‘tS of dairy pro-

ducts from Canada. inc. same authority

says: “If the reciprocity treaty comes

into force, the butter for the Northwest

will mostly come from New Zealand and

the way will be open for us to bring a

large quantity from other countries into

Canada. so that. if your market can ah-

sorb say a million packages more than it

did last year, at say 22 cents per pound,





THE .MlCI-IIGAN FARMER.





Canada will probably be a. large importer

of butter from other countries for home

consumption.”



If these figures may be assumed to be

correct, the cream imported from Canada.

laSL year was equivalent to 7,500,000 lbs.

of butter, while Canada's exports to Eng-

land amounted to about 1,500,000 lbs.r It

must be remembered that this compara-

tively large export of cream to the Uni-

ted States Occurred notwithstanding the

duty of five cents per gallon which is still

in effect. It is, then, reasonable to as-

sume that at a maximum price approxi—

mating the figures above given, or 22

cents per pound. we would get the equiv-

alent of another 50,000,000 lbs. of butter

from Canada, an amount closely ap-

proaching the consumption of the coun-

try's metropolis for a year, and nearly

equaling our present surplus, to which

Canada has already contributed as above

noted.



Now let us for a moment consider the

ability of New Zealand and Australia to

supply the western provinces of Canada.

and portions of the United States contig-

uous thereto. According to the Yearbook

of the Department of Agriculture for

1909, these two countries exported in

1903, an aggregate of nearly 77,000,000

lbs. of butter. which could be placed in

those markets at a season when domestic

supplies would, largely come from stocks

in storage.



All this is not‘conducive to a feeling

of quiet security on the part of our dairy-

men, especially at a time when the con-

sumption of oleomargarine has increased

to an'extent which has caused a consid~

erable decrease in the consumption of

butter in the large centers of population.

0n the contrary, it is an incentive for

the Michigan dairyman to bring every

mossible influence to bear upon the l’nited

States senators from Michigan and the

Michigan delegation in the lower house

of congress to induce them to oppose the

ratification of the reciprocity agreement

with Canada during the special session of

congress which will begin on April 4.





In a. recent issue

Reciprocity Petitions. we commented on



the comparative

value of a. mass of. personal letters and

petitions signed by as many men ,as a.

factor in influencing the attitude of sen-

ators or members of congress on the

proposition of Canadian reciprocity. While

there is no doubt that the personal letters

are more effective, since they reflect a

greater degree of interest on the part of

the writers, yet petitions also serve an

excellent purpose in showing the general

trend of sentiment among the people and

consequently should not be neglected

when it is desirable or necessary to show

a practical unanimity 'of opinion, such as

undoubtedly exists among the farmcrs of

Michigan on this proposition of reciproc-

ity with Canada under the terms of the

pending agreement. It is claimed that

a poll of the weekly newspapers of the

state has been taken to get at their at-

titude on: this subject. and that a large

majority of them are in favor of the rativ

fication of the agreement. The metro—

politan press has commented upon this

fact as an evidence that the general sen-

timent of the people of Michigan is in

favor of the agreement. No reader of

The Farmer will for a moment believe

this to be true. Indeed, those who make

the contention know that it is not true.

or would know it if they would but sound

public sentiment in any farming com-

munity in Michigan, for they all think

and talk alike upon this proposition. But

still it is a more or less logical excuse

unless those who are ol‘iposcd to the pact

make their views on the subject known

in no unccrtain terms. There is still

time to do this by letter before the ses~

sion of congress opens. and there is also

the best of opportunities to flood congress

with petitions which will leave no shadow

of a doubt as to how the farmers of

Michigan regard ihis ngrecmcni.‘ On

Blonday next, nearly every farmer in

Michigan will visit the pulling place in

his township for the purpose of exercising

his right of franchise. l’riivi-tically with-

out exception, thcse farmers would be

glad to place their names on a petition

opposing the agreement for reciprocity

with Canada it they were afforded the

opportunity. All that is necessary to this

end is to have some public spirited farm«

er in each township circulate a petition,

asking the members of congress and sen-

ators from Michigan to use their influ-

ence and votes against the passage of the

bill which will put this agreement into

effect. Forward these petitions (to the

lTnited States senators from Michigan,

for the reason that the proposition will





have to be stopped in the senate, iit'at ail. '> .

'time limit which it proposes for the stor-





A general movement of this kind will

leave no doubt in the minds of those gen-

tlemen as to how the farmers of Michigan

feel about this agreement. While, as we

have before stated, a like number of per—

sonal letters would be more effective. yet

not all interested farmers will write the

letters, while all would sign the petitions

most willingly and gladly. Here is a

chance to volunteer a little active work

in a good cause. Surely there is one or

more public spirited farmers in each

township in the state who will recognize

a duty in this suggestion.





There will be submit-



A Constitutional ted at the general elec-



Amendment. tion on Monday next a



proposed amendment to



Section 9 of Article XI of the constitution



of Michigan, relating to the distribution



of the primary school interest fund. The



present wording of the constitutional pro-



vision regarding the distribution of this

fund is as follows:



“Section 9. The legislature shall con-

tinue a system of primary schools,

whereby every school district in the state

shall provide for the education of its

pupils without charge for tuition; and all

instruction in such schools shall be con-

ducted in the English language. If any

school district shall neglect to maintain

a. school within its borders, as prescribed

by law for at. least five months in each

year, or to provide for the education of

its pupils in another district or' districts

for an equal period. it shall be deprived

for the ensuing year of its proportion of

the primary school interest fund.”





By the adoption of the proposed amend-

ment the following words would be added

to the foregoing section of the state's

constitution:





“If any school district shall. on the

second Monday in July of any year, have

on hand a sufficient amount of money in

the primary school interest fund to pay

its teachers for the next ensuing two

years as determined from the pay roll of

said district for the last school year. and

in case of a primary district, all tuition

for the next ensuing two years, based

upon the then enrollment in the seventh

and eighth grades in said school district.

the children in said district shall not be

counted in making the next apportion-

ment of primary school money by the

superintendent of public instruction: nor

shall such children be counted in making

such apportionment until the amount of

money in the primary school interest fund

in said district shall be insufficient to pay

teachers’ wages or tuition as herein Set

forth for the next ensuing two years.”





The effect of the proposed amendment

would be that under its provisions no ap-

portionment of primary school money

would be made to districts having on

hand a sufficient amount of money in the

primary school interest fund to pay its

teachers for the next ensuing two years.

All primary money would then be dis-

tributed to districts not having enough

money on hand coming from this fund to

pay its teachers for the next ensuing two

years.



Under the existing system there are

some school districts in the state which

have received more money from this fund

than is required to pay their entire cost

for teachers wages, and owing to the fact

that they can expend it for no other pur-

pose, this fund has accumulated in some

districts to considerable amounts, for

which reason the above mentioned con-

stitutional amendment has been submit-

ted by the lcgiaiai ;r‘.- for the ratification

of the elector»: at HA.- coming election.





Jitter-ion was called in the

Cold Storage 2am inH‘l‘fi to a hill pending

Legislation. ii. lino legislature for the

regulation of the cold stor-

age businc-s in ’?:i,’i stale and some of its





IHCUUSiSiPl’lCi'Ls were pointed oui. Among

these was the lam/3.41m prohibiting the

Storing of poultry ii. an umlrawn condi-

tion, and izicniion :aur- made of the inves-

tigaiionsof the: l‘riirwi suites licpal‘tnlEnt





of Agriculturc which showwl the error of

such a provisioi. Since the writing if

that comment. a furthr-r report of similar

investigations has bccn received, in which

detailed rcpnris of :i number of experi-

ments made by the bureau of chemistry

of the Department are given, from which

the positive deduction is made that un-

di'awn poultry decomposes more slowly

than does poultry which has been either

wholly or partially eviscerated. Also,

that poultry which has been

drawn," or completely eviscerated. with

heads and feet removed, decomposes most

rapidly. Thus it will be seen that the

man or men who propose legislation af-

fecting a great industry with the best of

intentions to protect the consumer from

a supposed injury or injustice, without

first investigating every phase of the

question. may be imposing upon them an

extra hardship. as well as aiming a body

blow at the producers in the same line.

What is true of the bill mentioned in this





“full-‘





AiemL 1, mug-51

respect 'Is undoubtedly true ssffto the





ing of perishable products. We believe

that when this bill comes up for consid-

eration, if it does at this session of the

legislature, that these inconsistencies will

be revealed and eliminated.

bill has been under consideration in Illi-

nois. but it is stated upon good authority

that the attempt to pass it has been

abandoned for the present at least. As

noted in our last issue, this is properly a

matter for national rather than state

legislation. and the latter would only

complicate the situation and prove a.

hardship to producers and consumers

alike.





 





OUR LANSING LETTER.



Lansing. Mich, March 27.-——The end of

the session is in sight. The first of next

week the introduction of bills will have

to cease as the constitution requires that

bills shall be printed and on the desk of

members at least five days, before con-

sideration. With adjournment fixed for

April 19' the state printers are already

overloaded with the printing of the mass

of hills which the committees are report-

ing out day by day, so that no bill is sure

of consideration unless the introducer

sends it up several days before the five

day limit will expire.



This week the initiative, referendum

and recall have the center of the stage

in the house. The committee on state

affairs in reporting out the bills to sub-

mit to the people the question of estab-

lishing this system in the state, raised

the percentages to 20 per cent for the

initiative and referendum and 25 per cent

for the recall. This change is somewhat

disappointing to the more radical sup-

porters of the measures and there is talk

of an attempt to reduce the percentages

to ten and twelve. On the other hand.

the opposition of the conservatives will

be strengthened if this amendment is

shifted to the percentage of the original

bills, as many who say they will vote for

the bills in their present form. assert

their emphatic objection to a reduction of

the per cent below the figure fixed by the

committee. There seems to be little

question but what the bills will go

through the house in case the friends of

them can bring them out for a. fair fight

where no one can kill the bills under

cover.



The bill before the senate relative to

a filing tax on mortgages which Senator

Fowle drafted. is attracting much atten-

tion. It provides for a tax of 50 cents a

hundred on mortgages at the time they

are filed. and requires no other tax

against them. Discussion of the bill

among members indicates that the plan

has strong backing and there is a. fair

prospect that the bill will receive favor-

able consideration in both houses.



“'ith the tonnage tax bill killed there

is every prospect that the bill to estab-

lish a tax on mining reservations. will go

through as well as the bills giving Gov-

ernor Osborn opportunity to appoint a

commission to investigate taxation condi-

tions in Michigan. The Lord bill which

greatly broadens the power of the state

tax commission has been signed by Gov-

ernor Osborn and the commission is pre-

paring plans to take up the work under

the scope of the measure. by increasing

the force and making an investigation of

assessments throughout the state during

the summer. Under the law any increase

which the commission orders cannot be

lowered by supervisors within three years

thereafter, without the written consent

of the commission. .



The Giles bill to make telephone com-

panies common carriers of telephone mes-

sages as well as requiring them to inter-

change messages is on the general order

in the house for consideration this week.

This bill places the question of rates un-

der the supervision of the «state railroad

commission. Last session the bill went

through the house and was killed in the

senate. Owing to the fact that combina.

tious between the Bell and independent

lines are being brought about in many

sections of the state, there is a much

stronger sentiment in favor of the bill

than two years ago. many members ex-

pressing the view that it is time to es-

tablish slate supervision over these pub-

lic scrvice corporations.



The Symonds bill to establish the Tor-

rens land system is before the house Com-

niittec on state affairs, and an agree—

ment has bccn entered into among the

members to report the bill out this week.



According to the statement of various

members there will be no liquor legisla-

tion of consequence passed at this ses-

sion. There is to be a light for a city.

village and township unit on local option,

but the votes are in sight to defeat the

measure. There will also be a fight it is

expected. to force the liquor committee

to report our the Straight state wide

prohibition measure but no one seems to

believe the bill stands any chance.



One of the noteworthy bills of the ses-

sion is that introduced by Rep. F. L.

“foodworth, of Huron, providing for tax-

ing the stocks and bonds of the D., G. H.

& M. railroad. This is the road. owued

by the Grand Trunk. which. under a spec-

ial charter granted by a pioneer legisla-

ture. has been evading its share of state

taxes ever since the advalorem tax ~law

went into effect. Taxed proportionately

to other railroads the D. H. &. M.





would pay about $100,000 more annually in





taxes than it does pay, and the VVood-

worth bill will just about place the rail-

road on par with its competitors. The

bill is backed by Governor Osborn and

Attorney General Kuhn, both of whom

assert that if any bill introduced this-ses—

sion. is to go through. that is the one.

(Continued on page 399).





A similar .
LITERATURE

POETRY_

HISTORY one

INFORMATION





 





 





 





,,,-\, \ ~1.74 , /

1sz1175 i 3‘: .





A (/T V _





 





 





{Ute FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





The Comforts of a Hotel on Wheels—By James Cooke Mius.





from the populous cities of our

eastern seaboard and the prosper-



ing cities of the midwest and the south,

climbing the Rockies and slipping down

into the fertile valleys of the Pacific

coast, are some hun- '

dreds of perfectly ap—

pointed caravans of

modern travel which

form, indeed, a veri-

table world on wheels.

All the comforts and

conveniences that any-

one could dream of, or

desire, are embodied in

these splendid trains,

with their steel cars,

heated ”by steam and

lighted by electricity,

which are drawn in

endless double proces-

sion by the most pow-

erful speed locomotives

yet devised by man. In

these palaces on wheels,

habitual travelers are

pampered by all the

luxuries of brilliantly i1—

luminated library, smok—

ing, dining, sleeping and

compartment - observa-

tion cars, with their

bathrooms and barbers,

telegraph ticker, trade

bulletins, and engaging

stenographers, their ele-

gant state rooms, easy

chairs, willing porters

and waiting maids, and

everything else to cod-

dle them and ease their

journey. High speed

and comfort by present-

day methods combine

quite readily to make a

transcontinental journey

easy and enjoyable. The

first cuts short the time

and brings the traveler

to his destination with

dispatch, while the oth—

er keeps hlm fresh and

ready for business deals

or pleasure jaunts be-



fore him.



The hustling, driving

.busines man, intent only

on gaining the almighty

dollar, regards his “lim-

ited” with all these

comforts as a matter of

course, much as he does

his morning paper or

his after-dinner cigar.

In this age, commerce

is king and time is

money, and the train

which helps him to ex-

emplify these truths, is

the one he patronizes.

The railroads, be it said,

realize these facts and,

in meeting the public

demand for high speed

and luxurious appoint-

ments of trains, have

shown a characteristic

willingness to permit

the dear ppblic to dis-

gorge its wealth into

their coffers. Based on

modern standards, how-

ever, we undoubtedly

get~ our “money’s worth”

in safety, comfort and

despatch of rapid travel.

Many of us have not

forgotten that less than

thirty years ago a train

which ran from New

York to Chicago in thirty-six hours was

considered a “flyer,” while the average

time of a train from Chicago to “The

Coast” Was seven days. And we still





RUSHING across the continent, to and





have vivid recollections of smoky and ill-

smelling oil lamps,'stiff low-backed seats,

air-tight heaters burning wood, in a short

and badly ventilated car which bumped

and rumbled over a rough and uneven

track, at a speed of perhaps twenty miles





 





 





western road has a sixty-eight-hour train in front, in the leaping, quivering cab Of

which runs in two and sometimes three the locomotive, the man whose eyes must

sections, between Chicago and Los be ever riveted ahead, whose steady grip

.Angeles. clutches the throttle—the man who holds

How many of you, I wonder, who, like your very lives in the hollow of his hand?

mYself, are content to travel at less It is, indeed, a very different story up

there amid the oil and

soot, in the reeking

swelter of the boiler

and t h e scorching

breath of the fire-box.

And what of the fireman

kept busy hurling great

chunks of fuel into the

blazing maw, calling

signals ‘white,.’ or ‘white

eye,’ perchance a ‘I‘cd,’

in the insistent din of

seething steam and the

titanic pounding of

giant, driving wheels on

frogs and rails.” Then,

how about the postal

clerks in their narrow

dens, sorting and dis-

tributing the people’s

mails, and the express

men guarding rich

treasure and valuable

merchandise, and anon,

the baggage smashers,

keeping an eye on your

belongings. These are

the men whose nerve

never fails, and who

generally get the “worst

of it” when anything

happens at the front.

The modern through

train, running between

cities of importance, is

in all truth, a complete

hotel on wheels. There

is scarcely a feature of

the best hostclries that

is not contemplated in

the fast and reliable

service. And this is not





 





 





an hour. It is probably needless to re-

mind anyone that two eastern trunk lines

now operate eighteen-hour trains between

New York and Chicago, and that one





confined to the limited

trains, but includes

many of the heavier,

slower trains, and those

running on branch lines

where there is consid—

erable travel. Competi-

tion between the rail-

roads themselves has a

great deal to do with

the train service, and

isolated points cannot,

of course, expect as

good or modern equip-"

ment running to junc-



tions as is found on the



main lines. All—night



trains will include one



or more sleepers, and,



if they do not reach the



end of the division or



terminal in the early



morning, a diner or cafe



car is attached during



the breakfast hours.



Particular care is al-



ways taken of old peo—



ple and invalids, as well



as women with small



children traveling alone.



It is a good service that



makes them as com-



fortable as possible ac—



cording tO the accom-



modations they choose,

and helps them off the

train at the end of their

journey.



But those of us who

like to travel comfort-

ably, yet independent

of the assiduous atten-



——Photoa by courtesy of Chicago, Milwaukee&St, PnulR R. tion of porters, in clean

speed and with less frills, and thrills, too, and well ventilated cars running on

upon settling yourselves comfortably in a smooth, even tracks, can get all the con-

day coach or chair car, have ever stopped veniences with some frills thrown in for

to think, “How fares it with the man up a very reasonable outlay of expense.
390 (14)?





There is quite general impression, I be-

lieve, among certain classes of thrifty

Americans, that the accommodations of

sleeping and dining cars are quite beyond

them or their means, and many travelers

no doubt cut these very necessary com-

forts of travel because of this erroneous

idea. As a matter of fact, travel on our

railroads has resolved itself into an in-

tricate system of giving all sorts of peo-

ple, in all walks of life. the conveniences

and comforts they want at or about the

price they are willing or able to pay.

Thousands of people, for instance, find

the easy tourist cars, although running on

slower trains than the “limiteds,” as

comfortable as they could desire; and, in

crossing the desert these cars are cooler

than the regulation I’ullmans, which are

kept closed and stuffy during the trying

run across the alkaline sands. And the

tourist car berth rate, including the use

of warming ovens in the buffets provided

in each car, is only one-half that of the

hot and uncomfortable Pnllmans.‘ There

are porters, too, on all tourist sleepers,

and they are as attentive as those in

charge of the regular cars: and. best of

all, they receive no “tips,” us the company

pays them full wages. This feature of

the more reasonable service will appeal

to all fair-minded Americans.



The average mechanic. farmer, or

tradesman travels mostly by day. \Vheth-

er it is due to long established custom,

a desire to see the country, or to curtail

the additional expense, is impossible to

say. it may in some instances be a

combination of the three. But some-

times whcn he is making a long journey,





nightfall will find him hundreds of miles

from his destination. and to take a berth

in the sleeping l‘ul' would generally seem

a wise course. 4*: rwuxc. he may be a

sound Sleeper, and in :lr.i:'\iing' up in the

Stiff car seat, or Sll‘é‘i‘ hm}; out in chairs,

which form the eo'u;:is;w:.: or cars run

on some lines, may get swipe rest and





Sleep fairly well through the right, But

even under the most (wildl-

tions, he will arise in the ii‘i<~1‘:‘..':.': stiff

and lame, and often lll-lL‘llllvt‘lt‘ia nil-i en-

tirely unfit for whatever duties of a busy

day he before him. Had he arrivci wt

his journey's end late at night he cezu

tainly would not have spent the rest of it

in a noisy railway station, but would

have sought a convenient hotel to get a

night's lodging. And yet the sleeping car.

which would have offered equal comforts

of sound rest at oily slightly greater

cost for the same or better act-(unmoda—

tions than the hotel, was dispensed with.



In these days of large farming opera-

tions, the busy farmer with the cure and

management of a valuable property rest-

ing upon him, and a multitude of opera-

tions to keep well in hand. must travel,

when he can, at night. Like the business

man whose time means morn-5, itll'l the

carrying through of large {ltnils means

the making of fortune, tic prosperous

and business—like farmer lualds his time

during daylight to be too \uiuubic to be

spent on railway lmirim lie has found

it much more piolitublt- to linish up the

more or less exacting daries of the day

on the farm, to then hurry by his motor

car to the station to cutth the night

train to the city. wherein he settles him-

self in all the comforts of the regulation

.l’ullmdn. in sound and vigorous health

he steps from the car in the morning, re-

freshed and ready for business, for he

has already had a hearty breakfast in

the :liner, attached to the train. Thus,

his every moment of business time counts

tor something. llaving closed up his

deal and made some needed purchase he

takes a. night train for home. The fol-

lowing day finds him actively employed

on his farm. Certainly the additional

expense of traveling in comfort on a night

train was nowhere equal to the value of

his time in the management of- a large

estate.



Now that reduced rates have gone into

effect or. Pullman cars in almost every

part of the country, there is a stronger

argument presented for lip-reused use of

the service. The [)lillllt' had repeatedly

demanded that: the upper berths in cars

be sold at a less rule than the lower

berths, as in fact they should be. The

agitation became so general that an in-

vestigation of the alleged enormous prof—

its of the corporation resulted in a strong

demand for a reduction also of the lower

berths. The pressure lilizilly became so

heavy on the company Liltll it voluntarily

reduced all rates about 20 per cent which.

although not so sweeping as many per-

sons demanded, will effect a large saving

in travelers’ expense. The new schedule

went into effect on Feb. 1, and it is yet

too early to gauge the public's attitude

toward it. It is certain, however, that





I.:\'.xr‘;:"“





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





many persims will take an upper berth

from preference, especially as there is

now a differential in its favor. The up-

per berth is fully as comfortable as the

lower berth, .the occupant has “more

air,” as ventilation is much better, but

to offset this there is the inconvenience

of climbing and the added difficulty of

disposing of one’s effects for the night.



There "are some travelers, of course, to

whom the upper will never recommend

itself. Imagine, if you can, a DOX‘U)’ D81“

son of either sex, trying to mount the

unsteady stairs, and, perchance, having

reached the upper regions of the car, di-

vesting day clothes for those of night.

The upper is likewise unsuited for old

people, invalids and children, while some

super-sensitive persons, from real or im-

agined reasons, will shun the delightfully

ventilated upper story. A few argue that

the lower berth is safer in case of acci-

dent, especially when the car rolls over two

or three times in finding a resting place

at the foot of some embankment, but the

fellow in the upper, if he can only grasp

the rail above him in time, can do the

swing act as the car goes over. In col-

lisions the upper berth is unquestionably

as safe as the lower, and there is less

danger of cuts from flying glass in the

former. I remember well a transcontinen-

tal journey some years ago in which an

upper berth was the only accommodation

I could get, and, as I was in a hurry and

could not wait over a day or two, I had

to make the best of it. I had the upper

four nights in succession, and slept well

each night. The only discomfort experi-

enced was but momentary and was due

to the change of altitude. During the

second evening the train was speeding

over Western Kansas in a summer Cli-

mate, but early the following morning

had climbed to the summit of Raton Pass,

which was buried in ice and snow. I

awoke to feel the chilling blasts from the

peaks blowing through the ventilators,

and to hear the hiss of steam in the heat-

er. A blanket was a most welcome cov-

ering. 15}: noon the train was once more

in a warmer clinic. but still not beyond

the mountain ranges, and that night I

was prepared for sudden changes of

temperature.



There was no dining car service in

those days, but at the regular supply sta-

tions where engines and crews were

changed, the regulation eatinghouse sup—

plied travelers ivitn the inner needs of

man. The fare was seldom good but the

tariff was as high as the service would

stand. The person was indeed lucky who

could get a square meal served and eat-

en, in any degree of comfort, in the thir-

ty minutes allowed for the stop. But for

all this and the slow time, and uncom-

fortable cars bumping along over rough

tracks, the traveler took it all as a mat-

ter of course and Wondered if there would

ever be better service. Now all this is

changed and, although the improved ser-

vice came very gradually, a person can

dine in a modern dining car in all the

comforts and leisure of a first-class hotel.

As a first consideration the diners, with

their huge six—wheel trucks, running on

smooth and well balasted tracks even at

a mile a minute speed, are attractive

places to spend an hour or so of a long

journey in the enjoyment of a well-cook-

ed and tastefully served meal. No mat-

ter how quickly a person has a dinner set

before him in a city cafe, the service in

these days of rush and push is never too

prompt to suit him. But in a dining car,

with his destination several hours ahead,

unless he is very hungry indeed, a. wait

of a half hour before being served seems

nothing. He is comfortably settled in an

easy leather-upholstered chair, before a

snow-white cover-let, set with real silver

and cut glass, and adorned with dainty

candle shades and real flowers. The sur-

roundings are most inviting, too, and are

suggestive of the furnishings of a high-

class cafe. Instead of the old-fashioned

rigid seats used in the diners of long

ago, and which gave an impression of the

car having been changed over from a

sleeping car, there are the movable chairs

just mentioned, and the tables are ar-

ranged to give more space for the waiters

in serving. To this end the tables are

longer and more roomy on one side to

accommodate four persons, while on the

opposite side there are single tables for

two. The woodwork 0f the car is of rich

mahogany, beautifully finished, and de-

void of unnecessary moldings which catch

dust and render the service less sanitary.

The fussy draperies overhead and at the

windows once so generously used in the

diners, are now tabooed, much to the

satisfaction of travelers of today. The

old oil-burning lamps above have given

way to neat domes diffusing the soft rays





of electric light, while the car is heated

evenly by live steam from the locomotive.



The kitchen and pantry arrangements

of a modern diner are wonderful things

to the average housewife, accustomed as

she generally is to having an abundance

of room in her own house. It is indeed

surprising to look in upon the busy chef

and his assistants and note the quantity

of food prepared with his highest skill,

and served with all the suavity and at-

tentiveness of well-trained waiters. The

Space given over to the kitchen is only

about 5%. by 16 feet, fully half of which

is taken up by the ranges, steam tables,

and wash basins, so that the chef has

few steps to take in managing his im-

portant department. Adjoining the kitch-

en at the extreme end of the car is the

cold storage room, with its refrigerator

full of choice meats and other delicacies

in season. In noting how compactly ev-

ery item is stowed away to leave no

waste space, and the absolute cleanliness

of every surface of metal and woodwork,

one realizes that here the culinary art

has reached its highest plane. At the

other end of the kitchen is the buffet

from which the tempting viands are

served. Both sides of this are shown in

the views reproduced upon another page.

Although the modern dining car seats

only 30 to 36 persons, from 100 to 150

travelers are frequently Served at dinner

or a. full-course meal. Only recently 206

persons were served at breakfast in one

of the crack diners running on 3. “lim-

ited" between Chicago and the East. This

is a record feat, although the morning

meal is always a short one, since many

persons only want a cereal and coffee,





.1





APRIL 1, 1911.





“KOD K”





Is our Registered and com-

mon-law Trade-Mark and

cannot be rightfully applied

except to goods of our

manufacture.



If a dealer tries to sell

you a camera or films, or

other goods not of our.

manufacture, under the

Kodak name, you can be

sure that he has an inferior

article that he is trying

to market on the Kodak

reputation.





 





If it isn ’t an Eastman,

it isn’t a Kodak.





EASTMAN KODAK co.

Write/hr Kodak 389 State Street,





$233231???" ROCHESTER. Y.





This Free Book

Will Save You





 





 





 





 





 





 





or an egg. toast»and coffee, rapid work

was necessary to accomplish it. On this

train and many others, the linen is





changed for each diner, and particular





care is given to the silver and tableware.



As to the approximate range of charges

for a good meal, and for a lunch, on the

modern diners, a study of the menus





served on some of the leading lines ofl





the country shows that the traveler can

get a good Square meal. and a dinner at

that, for a dollar; or, if he is not very

hungry, he can get a tasty luncheon for

60 to 75 cents, while just a “bite"——~a

sandwich or two and coffee—will cost

him 30 to 40 cents. These prices may

seem extortionate to some of us, who

have not given the subject of operating





l

I . .

costs a thorough study, but when it is} (want to shéfvojffefh‘éaifieg gya‘vegideflies;





considered that there is much waste of>

supplies and loss of ware from breakage.

and other causes, and include the wages

of the chef and all attendants, and the

conductor's salary, to say iothing of the

cost of hauling the car, and its heavy

cost of upkeep in first-class condition, to-

gether with interest on the investment,

we can see that the cost of meals is not

out of proportion to the expense of fur-

nishing them, at least in comparison





with the service and tariff of the best;





cafes.

The subject of operating costs for a

modern limited train is one little thought





of by the average traveler, but when he.





delves into it he is pretty likely to find

many surprising things. Take, for in-

stance, the eighteen-hour limiteds run-

ning between New York and Chicago.

For each of these operating daily each

way, four full and complete trains are





t corns, bunions, chilblains, and at the same





{$20.00 a Year





l I want: to tell you all about

1 my Celebrated Steel Shoes-why





 

 





’ one pair will outwcar six pairs of .

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fortable they are the year around.

I have told half a million others

these facts. They have bought

stccl shoes of ms and saved

millions of dollars among them.

More than that—they can he on

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without foot fatigue. And they

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l





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Address





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The Steel Shoe Man

1 05 Seventh St.





Racine, Wis.





 





 

 

 

 

   

   





 





 

 





v- <





 





 





   





ARM SPECIAL GIIIDER

‘3 ‘7 l ynnt to send you

this wouderfuizrind-

er. freight prepaid.

for free triaito prove

its value as a great

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for sharpening all

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required for the Service, and at least

eight and possibly ten of the most pow-i

erful speed locomotives are in constant

use to haul them. Leaving New York in

the middle of the afternoon the train ar-





rives in Chicago at about nine the next"





morning, with visible dust in the rugs,





scattered portions of newspapers litterv

ing the floor, and other evidences of the "





fast run of nearly 1.000 miles in only

eighteen successiVe hours. To clean this

train and make it ready and inviting to.

particular people who patronize it and

are willing to pay an excess fare for ex—

tra speed and perfect accommodations,

requires more than one day and the work

of nearly fifty Scrubbers and cleaners,

and mechanics. too, who go over and ex-

amine every piece of running gear and

air-brake equipment. So it is sidetracked

and another complete train takes the run.

that day to the eastern metropolis. The

engine and crew, however, which brought}

it over its last stretch of 150 miles, is:

ready for the return the same afternoonfl

and delivers the fresh and renovated!

train to its first relay of the long jour-l

ney. During the cleaning of the train,l

after the dust has been blown out by jetsi

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all woodwork gone over and the polishing!

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Farmer or Farmer-Is

with rig in every Counly to intro- son

duce a sell ‘amily and Veteri-





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One man made $90 one week. We mean-busi-

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SHORES-MUELLER 00., Don't C. Trlnoll, Iowa





   

   

   

   





 





Write

to-day





VMOTSIHGEH lUTO-SPARKEI





Starts Gas Engines and Run:



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mor- MOTSIIGEI DEVIBE MFG. BU.

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. .. ”am..- ., .

N .5?
'barn they would meet in.





   





APRIL 1, 1911.





BY MRS. D.





Paul Pry, as he was called by his broth-

ers and sisters, and whose real name was

Paul Parker, was at his usual task of

ferreting out what plan was being formed

by is older brothers and sisters. The

fact that there was something being

planned was plainly visible to him, as

his bump of observation had been sharp-

ened by much usage.



It was during the summer vacation,

when most children find that time hangs

rather heavily on their hands occasion-

ally, but the fertile minds of the Parker

children were usually bursting with ideas

regarding strange and new amusements.

There were four of these children whose

ages were not so far apart but what they

were companionable, but poor little Paul

Pry was three years younger than any of

the rest, and was considered too much of

a baby to be taken into their plans if

they could possibly keep him out of them.



So they would meet in some remote

place where he could not find them, and

discuss their plans freely. This time it

was to be in the loft of the horse barn.

Paul knew there was something on hand

for he had Seen some whispering going

on, and he forthwith resolved to keep his

senses sharpened to see if he could not

catch some hint of their rendezvous. So,

assuming his most innocent aspect, and

completely disarming them of any idea

tnat he might be suspicious, he went to

playing around, apparently not having any

ideas outside of his own pursuits. it was

noticeable, however, if anyone had

thought of it, that he always stayed very

near one of his brothers or sisters.



His vigilance was soon reWarded, for as

he was romping with his dog within a

few feet of Mary, who was sitting on the

lawn, John came by and said her mother

wanted her to come in the house and

Work for a little while, and then he added

in a lower tone, “Be sure and get away

as soon as you can and come to the

horse barn.”



Still apparently unconscious, Paul

romped on with the dog. But his runs

became longer and longer, until they took

him to the door of the horse barn, which

was on a side not visible from the house.

Into this he cautiously slipped, and then

he began to wonder what part of the

Soon deciding

it would be the hay loft, he went up

there and looked around for a proper

place of concealment. It looked rather

unpromising at first, but finally he wrig-

gied down into a depression between the

hay and the side of the barn.



He had hidden himself none too soon,

for shortly after the four conspirators

began dropping in, one after another,

each having taken a good look before

leaving the house to be sure they were

unobserved by Paul Pry. Not seeing him





Glimpses of the Kitchen in a Modern Dining Car,





 





1Fl113 l‘ll(3fil(3/AJ\J F?AKF?FVIE3F2;





. A JOKE THAT PROVED A BOOMERANG.





B. LYONS.





audience in the hay barely suppressed

a snicker.



“Yes,” said Lyle, “it makes me feel

kind of sneaky, running away from him

so.”



“Oh, well,” said Ruth, the youngest

member of the quartet, and who was but

three years Paul’s senior, “it is no fun

to have such a baby as him along.”



Being called a baby, and by her, was

almost more than he could bear, and he

could scarcely repress a like retort at this

insult. The other three looked at each

other and smiled a little, for up to the

beginning of the present vacation Ruth

herself had been considered a baby, and

they had been dodging her as well as

Paul. Nothing was said to hurt her feel-

ings, however, as she was now a' regular

member of their band, and they were

bound to stand by each other and further

each other’s motives.



“Hurry up, John, and tell us your

scheme,” urged 'Lyle. “I’m just dying to

hear it.”



‘At this Paul involuntarily raised his

head to peer at them. Fortunately for

him (if not for them) they Were looking

so intently at their chief that this indis-

cretion passed unnoticed.



As Paul drew his head back a wisp of

hay tickled his nose, and, try as he would,

he could not repress a sneeze. 'l‘oo scared

to breathe ho awaited the result of this

untimely event. No suspicions were

aroused however, as all noises in barns

can usually be laid. to rats.



”XVell,” began John, “you know there

have been some robbers working in the

larger towns near here, and some people

are afraid they will begin operations in

our village. Nobody with any sense

would expcct roboers to work in a little

backwoods place like this, but as long as

tney do expect them, it is too bad to

have them disappointed. So I propose

that we go to town nights for a while

and leave a few burglar indications

around, so as to let people have a little

excitement. “'9 can leave boxcs under

windows, and jab up the WOOdWork a lit—

tle so it will look in the morning as if

someone stood on the box and tried to

pry the window open. There are lots of

indications we can spread around town.

Now now do you like my scheme?”



The scheme met with assent. Where

most children would not have dared to

try such a risky plan, the Parkers were

not awed a bit, for they had carried

through so many brilliant plans that this

one seemed quite simple.



It was finally arranged that the first

night their parents were away they would

make the first move in their plan, and

go and leave “indications" around the

house of Mr. Barnes, a man of excitable

and gossipy nature whom they knew





 





back home again without their parents

knowing it.



The children could scarcely wait until

their parents would announce that they

were going away some evening, and the

time dragged very heavily; but a few

evenings later, Mr. and Mrs. Parker an-

nounced that they were going for a drive,

and they took Paul with them. At first

they thought they would not take Paul,

and the other children fairly trembled for

fear they would not, but Paul teased to

go, so they took him. Paul had a special

object in wanting to go. He knew they





'were going to terminate their drive with





a long call in town, and his little mind

was trying 'to invent some scheme for

getting it back on the others for leaving

him out of their plans and calling him a

baby. He felt that the most dire venge-

ance would not be strong enough to

avenge this last insult. lle had a plan





 





 





(w) 391





The box was placed in position, the

gashes made in the sill, and John was

just stamping a few good footprints into

the ground, when they distinctly heard}

somebody moving inside the house not

far from the window. Before starting to

dash up the street they first cautiously

peeked around the cornerof the house

and were dumfounded at seeing some

men on the sidewalk not far from the

house. Hastily turning they now darted

for Mr. Barnes’ woodshed, a rickety

building which was detached from the

house and whose door stood open. Their

trip was impeded by John falling head-

long on account of the unaccustomed

weight of his father’s shoes, and the

same impediment hindered him from ris-

ing readily. Seizing’ him by the arms his

comrades dragged himthe few remaining

feet into the shed. Assuring themselves

that their flight had not been detected by





 





 





 





Interior of Old-style Dining Car—Station ary Seats and Dust-catching Trimmings.

(See “The Comforts of a llotel on \\'lnels.”)





roughly mapped out which he hoped to

be able to follow, and which we may

have unfolded to us later on.



”i guess all we will need to take with

us is a box to leave under the window,

and a chisel to make a few gashes in the

window sill,” said .lohn, and they depart—

ed for the home of Mr. Barnes: lie lived

in a rather lonely part of the village,

where passersby were infrequent, so they

easily completed their work, taking a

few chips from the wood around the win-

dow. They had also thought of the bril-

liant plan of having .lohn wear a pair of

his father’s largest shoes, as the soil un-

der that particular window was clay, and

still damp from a recent rain. They

thought it Would be more realistic to have

some good big,r boot marks left in the mud

under the window. It was rather late





 





 





where the Utmost Economy of Space is Demanded.





‘(See “The Comforts of a Hotel on \Vhecls.”)





 





they had come to the conclusion that he





had gone to the house and was taking a





nap.

“Well," said John, after the last mem-



ber had straggled in, “we succeeded in



shaking Paul this time.” The invisible





would make the most of any suspicion

of burglars, however faint it might be.

The Parkers were farmers and lived

half a mile from the little village of

Mereton, which distance made it easy for

the plotters to skip_into town and then





when they were doing their work, nearly

eleven o’clock. They knew they had

plenty of time as their parents would not

be back until twelve anyway. They pre—

ferred to do it late so as to have less

danger of interference.





the 111011 on the sidewalk, they now

watched for lhcm to pass the house and

come in sight. They did not come in

sight, however. and thcy finally arrived

at the conclusion that they must have

turned and gone back.



The fugitives were about. to emerge

from thc shelter and start back when

they heard a scraping noise that caused

them to look at a window near the one

where they had been, and which they now

noticed was opcn. \\'hile they looked, a

foot emerged from llu- window, and then

another foot, and a man dropped to the

ground. “'ith a i‘urlive look around he

started for the strcct. \\'hcn he reached

the sidewalk ho turncd and dashed back

straight for the alley, and in a tow sec-

onds around the corner of the house ran

three men in pursuit, calling for him to

halt. They also fired at him twice, but

without effect.



As soon as the noise of running had

died away, four trembling young people

emerged from the woodshed and started

homeward. They were none too soon,

either, as the aroused occupants of the

house now began to strike lights and

make a great commotion.



“\Vcll, what do you think of that?”

gasped Lylc, speeding along as fast as

his legs would carry him.



“i think,” said John grimly, “that that

man is a hona lidc burglar, and that we

had lwttcr hikc right home and go to bed,

and not know anything about tonight’s





doings.”

n - , . .

[his most cxccllcni advxcc was carried

out to the lcttcr, and without having a





They

were not much. too soon, as very shortly

after this their parcnts arrived.



it is needless to say that the sleep of

Ihc two older children at least was not

vcry sound that night.



The next morning, when putting on his

shoes, Mr. l’arker remarked upon the fact

but they were plcniifully bcdaubed with

clay and he wondered where he could

have gotten it. There may have been

members of his household who could- have

cnlightened him, but if there were any

they did not take it upon themselves to

do so.



.-\t the l‘arker farm nothing was heard

about the episode of the night before un-

til about ten o’clock, when Mr. Barnes

appeared at the Parker residence and re-.

quested a private interview with Mr.

Parker. It is needless to recite all that

passed during this interview, but the gist

of the matter was that Mr. Parker, much

to his surprise. was charged by Mr.

Barnes with having unlawfully forced an

entrance to his house the preceding night,





single light tbcy sncakcd into bed.
392 (16).





this statement being supported by the

fact that a box, having Mr. Parker’s

name on it, had been found under one of

Mr. Barnes’ windows. . -



Mr. Parker had not lived long in that

part of the country, and nothing was

known about him up to the time he .had

bought a farm and moved there. He was

popular, and considered upright and hon-

orable by all his acquaintances, but to

one of Mr. Barnes’ suspicious nature this

did not keep him from immediately sus-

pecting Mr. Parker. He believed in the

theory that everyone is guilty until proved

innocent. Mr. Barnes suggested that

there was one way in which Mr. Parker

could prove conclusively whether he was

or was not the guilty party. The stiff

clay mud still held the imprints of the

intruder’s feet. and he suggested that

Mr. Parker to go with him and see if his

shoes fitted the marks.



His smiling and ready consent to this

somewhat staggered Mr. Barnes” assur-

ance, but when they reached the latter's

house and Mr. Parker put a foot into one

of the prints, and found it to be an e1—

act fit, Barnes was indeed triumphant.

“And now that I look closer,” he cried,

“I see there is dried clay on your shoes.

and, if I remember right, clay is not very

abundant on your farm.”



Mr. Parker now inquired as to the time

the intruder was in the house. He found

it was eleven o‘clock. He knew'he could

prove a perfect alibi from ten until

twelve. And as he was as ready for a

good piece of fun as his children, he re—

solved to go to jail and get what fun he

could out .of the village marshal,, not

producing his alibi for an hour or two.

It is to be seen from this trait of his

character how the Parker children came

to have such a propensity for playing

pranks.



Mr. Parker also thought it a good time

to play a joke on his wife, as they were

always playing jokes on each other. He

received permission at the jail to tele-

phone his wife that he was arrested and

at the jail, also telling her the evidence

that had been brought against him. She

was not much alarmed, however, as she

rather scented a joke. She tolu the chil-

dren what had been said and a more

scared lot of children were never seen.

That is. all but Paul. - He was not scared,

oh, no! He know whose fault it was,

and that they would have to confess, and

was filled with great glee at the prospect.





I may as well explain right here how

the marshal} and his deputies came to be

watching Mr. Barnes resident the night

before. Paul had studied out a rather

clever scheme while with his parents

in town, and managed to get away from

them on me plea of going to play with

some other children. Then he immedi-

ately went to the house of the murshail,

rushing in, apparently very scared and

out of breath. and informed him that he,

with some other children, had been play-

ing up and down the streets. when he

had seen a man prowling around Mr.

barnes’ house trying to pry up a window.

This was purely a fabrication on Paul’s

part, but this was the hour when his

brothers and sisters were scheduled to

be there and he wanted to catch them in

a trap. He buildcd better than he knew.





’l‘hc marshal was an old man who felt

very important over his office and was

very anxious to make an arrest, as he

had never had an opportunity. Having

been expecting burglars to strike the

town, as they had boon Working in the

surrounding towns, he did not stop to

doubt the Words of his young informant

but immediately rushcd out of the house

to follow up the clue.



After hearing the dreadful news of

their father’s arrest, the children, with

white, scared faces, withdrew to their

retreat in the hay loft for another con-

sultation. They were all upright and

honest and did not: consider for a minute

not owning up to their folly in order to

save their father, although they did not

know what dire results might come to

them afterwards. Al: the least, they ex—

pected to be arrested for a short time.

As they were all of the same opinion as

to the plan they ought to follow. they

soon concluded their discussion and, re—

ceiving permission from their mother to

go to town, they immediately started for

the jail.



I‘pon arriving they found their father,

to their surprise. laughing and joking

and apparently in the best of spirits in-

stead of the worried and humiliated per—

son they had expected to find. In fact,

his friend upon whom he had been calling

the previous evening, during the hour of

the attempted robbery, had heard of his





 





 





plight and hurried to the jail to clear





THE MlCH-IGAN FARR/15m;





him. This had just been accomplished,

to the great humiliation and disappoint-

ment or Mr. Barnes, when four scared

looking children sneaked in. -



John, being the elder, was spokesman.

“Father, it was 113 that put that box un-

der Mr. Barnes’ window and made the

marks with your shoes so he would think

burglars had been trying to get into his

house. Then after we had got through

we &w the marshal and his men down

the street and we hid in the woodshed,

not knowing who they were. While we

were there a man jumped out of the win-

dow and started away, and then those

other men chased him past the woodshed

and down the alley. Then we hurried

home and went to bed. We were not go-

ing to say anything about it, but when

we heard you were arrested we knew we

must own up and tell how things were

so they would let you go."



The listeners were thunderstruck.

Then, after a. minute, to the children‘s

great surprise and relief, they began to

laugh uproariously. Then they all began

to question the children as to the burg-

lar’s appearance, but. they could say

nothing about this as the night had been

so dark they had not been able to see the

man’s face. All of the men present came

to the same conclusion that it was the

presence of the children and the noise

.they had made that had alarmed the

burglar and caused him to leave before

he had secured any valuables. Mr. Barnes

felt so grateful to them for this that he

united with the marshal in begging Mr.

Parker not to punish his children for

their prank. This latter view entirely

overcame any natural indignation he

might have felt over the pranks they had

played upon him.



So four very relieved and happy chil-

dren filed home after their father, who

did not punish them but only exacted a

promise from them to confine their jokes

to his own premises in the future, unless

they had his permission to do otherwise.



Another meeting was soon called in the

hay loft, at which it was unanimously

voted to admit l’aul as a member of their

company, as anyone with such an active





 





mind as his would plainly be of value to

them.





SMILE PROVOKE‘RS.





 





Robbie ran into the sewing room and:

cried, “Oh, mammal There‘s a. man in

the nursery kissing Fraulein.”



Mamma dropped her sewing and rushed

to the stairway.



“April fool!" said Robbie gleefully. “It’s





only papa.”





 





As a. train was approaching a. station,

it parted in the middle, and the communi-

cation cord snapped, the end of it strik-

ing an old lady on her bonnet. “What

is the matter?" she exclaimed. “The

train is broken in two," replied a gentle-

man opposite. “And no wonder!” re-

sponded the old lady, looking at the bro—

uen cord. "Did they think a bit of pud-

ding-string like that would hold a train

together?”





Trained Summon earn from stand) to

310.0(1130 a year,

good positions now '

to get one of them. We will met you to secure

a position where you can get Practical Experi-

ence as a Salesman and earn $100 a month or

more while you are learning. Write today for

our free book "A K320,“ of the an,’ list

of good openings, and testimonials from hun-

dreds of men recently placed in good positions.



Address nearest office, Dem. 221





nwsmen'.rmm

Gnu. ”York Ka-uCily Seattl- lam





AGENTS BIG MONEY





EV MAT-O I T I“;



Sell like hot cakes. Kill lice



and vermin in the nest and



make clean and healthy

poultry. Every keeper of



poultry will need lrom mm



to three dozen.



EASY AND BIG SELL“



J. Cook has ordered his 8!)

gross. He says, ”I can sell as many each day as I can

carry." We want a few good agents. “'rite quick for

terms. A postal will do. Get busy. This is easy money.

N. new are. $0.. 7745 Icy-o Street. BATH“. 0310





 





 





11. No experience needed





 





 





YANTED FOR U. S. ARMY—Ablebodied.‘ un.

“ married men. between ages of 18 and 5: citizens

of United States, of character and ten: rate

habits, who can speak, read and write the Englis lan-

ruage. For information afiply to Recrultingpficer, 212

h riswold Street. Detroit, lchifinflleavpnnch Block,

Saginaw, Michigan: Corner & Saginaw roots.

Flint. Michigan :DwightBullding. Jackson. Michhllga :

comer Huron Avenue r! Quay Street.Port Huron. ich.





Let In Start You In Business l

I will furnish the advertising. matter and the plans.

I want one sincere, earnest man in every town and

township. Farmers. Mechanics, .Bmlders. .BmaIl

business man. anyone anxious to improve his cono

dition. Address Commercial Democracy, Dept-D 30. Elyria.0hi..





YOUNG MEN WANTED to LEARN



/; ~ VETERINARY profession. Catalogue



R free. GRAND RAPIDS vmnnml v‘

Bad 4 . COLLEGE. D61). 11. Grand Rapids, Mich.

to sell farmers account book. Quioeuk





Walled Age'k—seller. Big inducements.

addition. Address. L. L. Syphers, Fort Wayne, Ind.





 





 





APRIL 1,1911.





 





 





 





WELER





 





 





mp





f: "" h _

(I; /&:3’:fl:l‘:‘:~7:ij§z

‘5‘55‘56 0 Ci

3;





:9 "'" @

.__:. E7 l//





 





 





 





, —-—__





k "





 





 





 

 

 

 





- . dawned





 





 





 





 





1





 





or... a:





 





A





Q\\&;





 





Look for Me in Your





J eweler’s





I'm the alarm clock that wakes you

as pleasantly on the darkest, coldest

winter mornings as sunlight does in

summer.



Look for me in a jeweler’s window.

You can‘t miss me. l've a smiling,

sunshiny face:big. plainly read fig-

ures and a “well made appearance"

that distinguishes me from all other

alarm clocks.



I shouldn't really be called an alarm

clock for I never “alarmed" anyone

out of bed in my life.





I look like a big watch. I'm prac-

tically Immimade like a watch and I

keep watch-lime. I’ve got a regular.

watch escapement and the escapement

is the heart of every watch. 1 tick

lightly and fast like watches do—not





Window





heavily and slowly lik 6 common

alarm clocks.



I must run for six days, under in‘

spection and kezp accurate time all

that time before 1 leave the factory.



I’ve an inner casing of steel, sol'm

dust-proof and ox-strong.



I‘ve a handsome triple-plated non-

rustable case—“thin model” style,

like the newest watches.



Hear me ring the “National Call to

Breakfast"—at intervals for fifteen

minutes or steadily as you choose.

Note how cheerfully my breakfast

bellsings out. Then hand the jew-

eler $2.50 and take me home.



I'm sold only at jewelers.



If you want to be “first in the field”

have me—Big Ben—wake you in the

morning.





BIG BEN _





(21) Care of WESTERN CLOCK CO., La Salle. Ill.

Ifyaurdealer doesn’t sell me 1’ [I came express prepaid on receipt 0(3250





 





 





The best shave of your life.





ENTIRE





3.000.000 In use.

dealers everywhere.





American Safety Ruor 60., New York.





OUTFIT $1.





Sold and guaranteed by





 





 





 

 





     





Rubber ouflng





W ‘ For Y

FREIGHT PAID wfir- “was:

an. s gimme”: moi”





OHDPLY-n-dehlwlhs. 10881-310!“ $1.10 petrol].

"(D-PLY --- dehfllbo, 108 Sun-term, 01.30 pol-loll.

”BEE-FLY - Weighs 55 lb... 108 Egan-e Feet, 8150 petrol].

ms CASH: We save you the wholesaler! and retailer profit. M

specxal prices only hold good for Immediate shipment.





gndestructible l3! gm gag. 8m E &





Wmefor FREE SAMPLES orctdn direct from this some W

teed or money refunded. Wenteryouto 80mm Illinois Katina] Bank.





gum

may MANUFACTURING MAIY.





ew He





   

   





 

 

 





 

 





370. M St. Louis, Ills.





 





 





AN AID FOR THE DEAF

SENT 0N TRIAL, absolutely mm of

use or risk. Address:

9. 3.. ml ‘ CO., 107 Park I". m Yfl'k.





LDSMOBILE—Fonr cylinder Touring Car with

top, perfect condition. Owner going to Europe.

A bargain. Apply 310 “'ayne Co. Bank Bldg. Detroit.





FOR SALE—Ty") cylinder Rec Touring Car

with extra Limousine Body

$600. or 8450 with touring body only. The car for

country made. .8013eg to drive to any part of. state.

\Vaterman Marine otor CO., Detroit. Michigan.





mention the mchlgl- Funnel when





 





Please

writing to advertisers.





. For facts about Prize and



. tillewartcrir offerls1 and Inven-



ons at wi ring from



$5000 to Ten and for books of In-

tense interest to Inventors. send Sc. postage to





Pubs. latent Sun. nut. 89. Banister Illa" Washington, n.c.





your invention. Free preliminary

' search. Booklet free. MILO B.

STEVENS dz CO. Estab. 1864.





so 1 r.sz.. “’ashington: :m Monaduock Blk. Chicago





WANTED—Farm Work BYYE%§%ML§§§ED

Address J. SUTTON, 1209 Case Ava, Detroit, Mich,





 





 





 





as”;





4&5
~65





. APRIL 1, 1911.;





 





TWENTY THOUSAND OF THEM, a com-

posite, living, overwhelming argument. Each

reason—reason enough, convincing and sat-

isfying, yet, were it possible for you to investi-

gate, question, prove each separate reason,

you Would probably find some new point of

interest to rivet your attention and create in

your mind a like desire to own the car that

could stir up such enthusiasm and scatter

broadcast such satisfaction.





IT IS EASY TO WRITE UPON PAPER

mere statements, to waste the public’s time

and abuse its patience by wearisome reitera-

tion of platitudes that have been dished up. in

rhetorical display over and over again, talking

the merits of this and that car, with the same





old jaded adjectives. But, in the name of i





. the great Automobile Industry, let us get

down to the tangible, living thing that has the

red blood of sincerity in it, the personal, grip-

ping interest that shines in the eyes of men as

they talk face to face about the great thing

they have put their hearts and faith in.





REASONS CLOTHED IN FLESH AND

BLOOD. And there is no argument like

unto this argument—produce any man, no

matter what his birth or breeding, whether

he moves in high society or not, so long as he

be honest in his opinions, strong in his convic-

tions, has stood the test of experience and

found out that it is infinitely better to "know"

than to "believe;" that man has a right to

stand upon his feet and have his say, and

what’s more to the point, the world will surely

listen.



PROUDLY AND CONFIDENTLY we intro—

duce you to twenty thousand such men. In

a moment, as it were, we can usher you into

the charmed circle of a great living friendship

that with twenty thousand tongues will affirm

one concrete absolute fact, in twenty thou-

sand different methods and words of expres-

sion, each and every one enthusiastically en-

dorsing the same truth—a unity of Hreason

why" such as the commercial world has never

before seen.



TWENTY THOUSAND E-M—F ”30"

OWNERS. They are our reasons. Each

one a thinking, separate personality—each

one with likes and dislikes that differentiated

him from all the others, for no two out of

that immense number approached the ques-

tion of Hshall I buy" or “I will buy" an

E—M-F "30" from quite the same reasoning

point. One, had to weigh carefully the ques-

tion of first cost; another, the “after buying"

cost of upkeep. One. never considered price,

but was attracted by quality; another, having

a bent toward mechanics, savir quickly the

perfect chassis. One, considered the financial

stability of the Company behind the product;

another that same Company’s good faith and

so on—ad infinitum.



BUT THEY ALL REACHED THE SAME

CONCLUSION. There was some unan-

swerable argument presented, some fact of

mechanical supremacy that could not be de-

nied, some record of enduring quality that

appealed, some enthusiastic owner that

“boosted," which compelled each and every

one of these 20,000 men to buy an E-M-F

"30." Through the maze of all other rival

cars for sale they found their way to the

one car that expressed to them in terms of

power, speed, reliability, .comfort and service-

ability the "ideal" each and every one pos-

sessed. That in buying an E~M-F "30"

they proved their judgment to be correct, is

not» a matter of record.





, _ ‘THFB. MICHIGAN FARMERfl

_ A 0,000 ' Reasons

Why You Should Buy an. E=M=F “30”—$1,000





THESE MEN ARE REPRESENTATIVE





of all that is best and constructive in our great

commonwealth. E-M-F "30” owners form

a democracy of varied interests, among them

being Bankers who know the value of money

and its purchasing power—Lawyers who are

skilled in discovering the weak points in any

argument—Tradesmen who lcnow 'how to

buy for profit—Farmers who, as a class, are

the most careful purchasers of automobiles—

Business men in the most populous centers,

who had every opportunity to draw compari-

sons and weigh the merits of rival cars—

Doctors who demand the kind of car that

must be always ready—at a moment's notice

——to go anywhere over any kind of a road

-—-every trade and profession—millionaires

and men who live upon modest incomes are

all represented in the great army of E-M-F

"30” owners.





BUT THERE IS ONE REASON why you





should buy an E-M—F “30" that is greater

and more convincing than any one of those

20,000 reasons that made men choose an

E-M-F "30" rather than any other car at

any other price. And this, what we call

“the unanswerable reason” has been getting

stronger and bigger every day, from the time

the first E-M-F “30" passed into the hands

of the first owner, until this very moment; in

fact, now, it is like some irresistible power,

moving all over the land and sweeping every-

thing before it; we call this invincible "rea-

sonH by a simple name everybody knows.





”SATISFACTION.” That’s it. Each and





every man who owns an E-M-F “30" is sat-

isfied. They are all subscribers, as it were,

to the enthusiasm and interest about that

proved, enduring quality and record-breaking

price, which have made the E-M-F ”30" the

most talked of automobile in America, per-

haps, in the world, because, and we say this

without fear of contradiction, there is no car

made upon which so many men absolutely

agree. These 20,000 satisfied owners will

tell you one story, simple and convincing, that

they own a car they are proud to drive, to

"boost," to endorse; a car, that not only

backed their judgment, but above all, taught

them the lesson—that it isn't necessary to

decorate a check book with a lot of fancy

figures and rob a bank balance to buy an

automobile whose quality is in the chassis,

where it belongs.





THE HISTORY of this universal satisfaction





which, by the by, will sell another 20,000

E-M—F "30" cars this year, is the history of

the E-M-F-Company, an organization that

revolutionized the automobile industry, not





' alone in values, but in methods of manufac-





ture; that gave the buying public. a car which

has literally defied competition and sold itself.

The E-M-F Company has always been a

year or two in advance of the times. We

make practically every part of our car, cast

our OWn cylinders, forge, stamp and heat-

treat our own steel and make our own bodies.

Mr. Flanders' forecast, published in March,

1908, that "we can manufacture more auto-

mobiles of a better quality at a lower cost

than any other concern now in existence," was

allpéophecy that has been magnificently ful-

c .





WHY? Why was Flanders’ prophecy fulfilled?





Ask any one of the twenty thousand OWners

' of an E-M-F “30.” He will show you his

car and say, "There is the reason.” So you

look at it, examine it, ride in it, listen to the





(172393





owner recounting its prowess, its mileage, its





speed, what it has done and the magnificent

way it has stood the "gaff." Because an

E-M-F “30" is such a glutton for service, it

sort of lures a man on to give it hard usage.

Automobiles have their particular kind of per-

sonalities. You get to “know" a car. What

may be expected of it under certain conditions

and an element of pride and friendship is

established. So when Mr. Flanders’ deter-

mination "to make a better quality car at a

lower cost" than any other concern made or

sold, took shape in an E~M~F "30,” then

also was created the "reason" of the enor-

mous sales and colossal growth of the E-M-F

Co. The car fulfilled the prophecy. That's

why you can't purchase a second hand E-M-F

"30." Men don't sell “automobile satisfac-

tion" when they “know" they own it.





WE WILL EXPLAIN IT FOR YOU.





There it stands! A five-passenger touring

car, graceful in body lines, with that “straight

away look" which is a symbol of strength,

and comfort. Not a fad or fur-below to

cumber it with useless appendage. Under

the hood, a 30 horse power noiseless motor

that has Won distinction upon race track and

road. A motor so perfectly adjusted in power,

weight and balance to the rest of the chassis

that it creates an absolute unit of mechanical

efliciency. To the expert engineer the chassis

of an E-M-F “30” suggests the limit of sci-

entific construction: to every OWner it has

proved it—proved it by enduring service. for

no E—M-F "50" has ever been Ivom out.

The ninth car built, shipped by us a little

over two years ago, has travelled some 73,000

miles, which means nearly 15 years of actual

life crowded into the thirty months of its

existence, and it is mechanically ready for

73,000 miles more. The life story of

"Bullet," this famous car, can be had for

the asking. When you buy an E—lVl-F “30"

the confidence you put into your purchase is

returned to you a hundred-fold.





THE INVESTMENT OF $1000. in an





E-M—F "30" will be the wisest expenditure

you.ever made, whether you mm an auto-

mobile or not. The most you can get for

your money would be 6 to 8‘; interest.

But here is the car at the price any man

can afford. And to OWn a car is the ambi—

tion of every man. The automobile is a

tremendous factor in our everyday life. Aside

from its utility there is the pleasure it freely

gives, the sense of freedom it imparts. It

brings the country to the city. and makes

every dwelling place a country home. At a

moment's notice it is ready to whirl you and

your family upon the sunlit, open road into

the world of green fields—*the country's life-

giving “out of doors." It means health to

the wife and children, and binds the family

in closer ties. It is a tonic. nerve builder, it

trebles the value of time; it means recrea-

tion, the banishment of the doctor and ca-

pacity for the duties of the day in short, it

is a necessity. An E—M-F “30" will meet

this necessity and excel any expectation you

may now possess in the purchase of a car.





 





THE OTHER DAY, we read an advertisement





that “you can buy a real automobile now for

as low a price as $1500." We can take

$500 of that price and say the same thing,

for you can buy an E-M-F "30" five passen-

ger Touring Car, standard equipment, which

means iMagneto included, for $1000 and

that’s the “realest" automobile value you can

buy anywhere.





The Strongest Guarantee Ever Placed on an Automobile Is Given With the Purchase of Every E-M-F “30”

The E=M-F “30” Five Passenger Standard Touring Car $1000. Roadster “30” $1000. Detachable DemiaTonneau





“30” $1050. Coupe "‘30” $1450.

Touring Car with Full Vestibuled Body $1100. Write us





Another E-M—F “30” Masterpiece.

for detailed





The New ForesDoor 5-Passenger

specifications—Booklet No. 11,





THE E-M-F COMPANY, Automobile Manufacturers, DETROIT, MICH.
i





394 as)





THE HOME-COMING OF THE BIRDS.





 





BY DORA. H. STOCKMANa





They have left the reedy rice—swamps

‘Vhere the fertile rivers flow,

Passing fields of cane and cotton

Where the sweet magnolias blow;

Broken up their winter quarters,

On some tropic island shore,

Leaving surfs and screaming sea-gulls,

And the sea’s incessant roar.





They are winging, winging, winging,

By compass true and straight,



Back to the Northland homing

Where I expectant wait.



Robin, jay and bluebird,

The vanguard‘s, first appear,



Bold prophets of the spring-time

With their ringing notes of cheer;





Song-sparrow, thrush and peewee

Come with the April showers;

Oriole, wren and gold-finch

Herald the wildwood flowers.

The saucy wren is renting

My bird-house ’neath the eaves,

Cleaning, chattering and singing

Of birdlings and budding leaves.





The catbirds out in the garden

And the bluebirds in the pines

Are discussing summer prospects

Of berries, bugs and vines;

The blackbird follows the furrow

Showing only a shining crest,

While oriole gathers horse—hair

To repair her last year’s nest.





Bird—friends, we bid you welcome.

You serve the farmer well.



Thy happy matins teach us,

Thy sunset vespers tell



Of Him who notes the sparrow,

And guards each tiny nest—



He will guide us to a Homeland

Of love and work and rest.





THE EARLY BIRDS.





 





 





BY Z. I. DAVIS.





Among the first of the birds to return

from the south are the bluebird, the robin





 





The Bluebird—An Unfailing Harbinger of Spring.





and the phoebe. The male of the blue-

bird is a very sweet singer and begins

his song early in the morning, with but

short intervals of rest throughout the

day. As he pauses at noon in‘a tree,

atilt like a blossom among the leaves, his

clear, high notes may be heard at a long

distance reverberating through the val-

leys and over the hills like a liquid river

of‘ music. \Vith his breast of the hue of

Roman gold, and his coat of royal blue,

he looks like a_ bit of rainbow released

from its moorings, as he flashes through

the air in his blissful liberty. llis mate

wears a more modest suit, having the

appearance of being gowned in the “faded

coat of blue.” The reason that females

are less marked and pretentious in color—

ing is because, when they are hatching

their eggs, they will be less likely to be

discovered by their natural enemies, and

therefore not so liable to be disturbed.

They prefer to build their nests near a

dwelling house, and appear to enjoy being

noticed and admired.



Every year a 'pair of bluebirds build

their nest in our peach orchard. During

the brooding season the male perches on

a limb near the window and begins to

pour forth his soft, delightful melody. It

is amusing to see, him turn his dainty

head every little while to learn if he is

being observed. “'hen given a word of

encouragement or cheer his song grows

louder and clearer, as if he were deter—

mined to do his best.



Robin redbreast and his mate are as

welcome as the sunshine. They are fond

of the habitation of man, and are much

more plentiful in the village than in the

country. The fact that they are pro-

tected by law has helped to make them

fearless. The breast of the male is a rich





 





 





THE ...MICHIGAN FARMER.

red, while his tail and wing feathers are r—————~

of a brewnish gray shade. The feathers l



on his head are black, and when he is

aroused to anger he ruffles them up so

that they have the appearance of a. top-

knot. During his courting days he is

very gallant toward the lady bird of his

choice.



There is no prettier sight in the spring

than that of a pair of devoted young

robins building their nest. They are fond

of making the apple tree their home, per-

haps because of the Wealth of bloom dur-

ing the lovetime of the season. Those

who study their habits cannot fail to be

benefited thereby. They never hurry

about their work, but sing and twitter in

a most cheerful way, picking up a straw,

examining it, trying it and dropping it

for another if it does not suit.



After awhile the nest is full of hungry

little birds. How many worms, bugs and

beetles it takes to “fill the bill.” They

seem to be all mouth, but the wise old

robins never find fault with their appe-

tites. \Voe to the soft-footed pussy that

ventures up the tree too far. All the

birds of the neighborhood will flock to

protest with claw and beak and Pussy

Will have to retreat if she does not want

to lose her eyesight. Who is not familiar

with the Comical sight of a young robin,

as large as the parent bird, following

the mother robin around to be fed with

worms which it looks abundantly able to.

find for itself.



Happy is the farmer who has many

song birds on his place. If he is wise,

he will protect them from the thoughtless

hunter, knowing that they are his best

insect destroyers. Crows, quail, black-

birds and hawks usually appear at an

early date. They all deserve credit for





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 

 





SPECIAL





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





These shoes are built exceedingly strong.

The leather is tough and the soles are

selected from the best wear-resisting

hides. They are the only school

‘shoes made with two layers of

leather over the tip.





MAYER SPECIAL MERIT SCHOOL SHOES





outlast average school shoes two to one and cost no more. They are

good looking shoes, built to fit and comfortable to wear.





The Genuine Slgecial Merit School Shoes have the

Mayer Trade ark stamped on the sole.





FREE—Send us the name of a dealer who does not handle Special Merit

School Shoes, and we will send you free. postpaid, a handsome picture

of George Washington. size 15x20. .



We also make Honorbilt Shoes for men, Leading Lady

Shoes, Martha Washington Comfort Shoes, Yerma

Cushion Shoes and Mayer Work Shoes.





£1.41 Mayer Boot 81 Shoe. Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin Tm"





 

 





 





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 





 





Will You Write 3 Postal FurThiisc~

FREE Banks Telling furnace Facts 1

That Make Us Warm Frinds?





Investigate This“ Farm Heme

Furnace For ‘Any Kind of Fuel





Let us send you this Home Heating Book, with other booklets and prices first—

Now’s the time to investigate—Think it. over. We will save you first cost; and lasting

economy and reduce your fuel bills 12 to 93. Find out; about; the experience of thou—

sands of satisfied owners of Hollands—Double Grate Surface—Patented Cored Air-ad-

mitting Double Firepot, burning fuel from sides and top, nature’s way. for greatest

even heat. Consumes gas, Boot and clinkers with least smoke. No explosions. Book

tells all improved tested points, convenience and satisfaction of the Holland. Unlike

others. Less joints. No bolts. Simpler and easier and cleaner to run. Ideal damper

arrangement. Consumes less fuel. Gives longest service from construction and double

materials used where strains are greatest. Save money with





Holland 63:33:15.2“





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Furnace





Years of ex'perience in the heating business has

taught us that the strain in any furnace is from the



fire line up and that is why the combustion chamber

of the Holland Furnace is over an inch thick at the

top where our patented radiator is placed. Radiator

is cast in one piece and altogether from the base

to the top, our furnace has but five joints.



Burns any fuel—soft: coal—slack screens—hard



coal, lignite, orzwood with least. waste. Smoke

travels twice as far, no heat wasted. Equal heat all



through the house in all pipes. Special Double

Guarantee. Book has many other points to tell

you.





Save 1A; to 2/3 on Fuel





Our fuel-saving claims for the Holland

have been proven by thousands of satisfied

owners. You be the judge. Just send



name on postal for our Big Catalog—Free

with other Home Heating Booklets

ondAprices. Who’s your dealer?





   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 





 





destroying injurious parasites, and de-

serve to be recognized as the farmer’s ‘

friends. '





 

 

   





 

 





 

 

 





 





‘4‘

A"





. i

"nun-v. 'v\ v.- /'





 





WAS NOAH THE FIRST APRIL FOOL?





Holland Furnace C00.

Dents

VHollancl, Mich.





 

   





13v EVA RYMAN-GAILLARD.

The playing of practical jokes on April-

Fool’s—Day dates back so far that no au-





thentic history of the origin of the cus-S

tom can be found, but in an old issue of

The Public Advertizer, (April 13, 1767),

there is a story that makes it appear that \ , _ ,





Noah was the original April Fool when





he made the mistake of sending the doch Clothes that Assure Women’s Approval





from the ark before there was a place: ,

where it could alight. VERY man, whether he knows it or

not, is to some extent affected by

l

l

l

I

l





 





 





Some antiquarians claim that “All-

woman’s quick judgment of the





Fool‘s—Day” was so named to burlesque

fabric, fit and fashion of his clothes.





“.«\ll-Saint's—l3ay” of the ltoman Catholic



church, while others advance the more



probable theory that the day was first; . .



Observed during the middle ages. when Q That’s a gOOd reason Why you slipuld investigate



ignorance and superstition were rife and Clothcraft Clothes. .At $10 to $4) they give you



‘ ’ tasteful all-wool fabrics, thoroughly shrunk; correct



style; a fit that’s really remarkable and they save

you from $5 to $10 a suit. To illustrate:





that the jokes played were to remind‘



people of the insults and mockery to



“.th (”hubt “d5 SITMQTM' ”19 Simimg A man whose wife was critical of his clothes an-



ot people on bootless eIiands was in im- . t



. . ,. . . .- ‘ nounced-to her that he was going to try a Clothcraft



1mm“. 0f 1 ”at? sending Chm“ 10,.Hemd’ suit. She demurred. His high-priced custom clothes



and Hemd S0m"ng Hlm bad; to 1 Hate] were often unsatisfactory, so what chance was there



Thls theory seems to get Cfmfirmat'on for Clothcraft? Nevertheless he bought a Clothcraft



from the fad that the exl’reSS‘On‘ “Send— suit and wore it home. His wife at. one quick glance



mg a man from Pilate t0 Herod,” was noticed the tasteful all-wool cloth, the close-fitting



“’mmonly use“ When a Person was sent collar, the full, smooth coat-front, the heel-hugging

trousers. Then came her verdict: “That’s the best-

looking suit you ever had on t"





on a fruitless errand of any sort.

The Hindoos celebrated the Feast of

Before you obligate yourself to' buy Clotbcraft you

can test the fit and see the fashion and fabric. For the





Tiuli on the 31st of March. The pranks

la ' i not unlil e those la d at . .



D Em were . < . p ye hidden quality you have the protection of the definite



the present tlme and It seems prObabIe Clotbcraft guaranty, backed by dealer and maker—



that Our “Fool’s-Day” is an outcome of absolutelyball-wool l£21brli‘c,bfirst-cla§s trimlmings and

- u '_ n workmans i non- rea a c coat- ront asting sci"



their Huh Day, brought from Asia by vice and “titanic“. ’



the Romans and earned wherever they Go to the nearest Clothcraft store, or write to us



went. direct. We’ll gladly send you the Clothcraft styles





 





folder for spring, and a booklet picturing the clean,

light shop where Clothcraft Clothes are made, to-

gether With the name of the nearest Clothcraft dealer.





THE JOSEPH & FElSS CO.





Founded lSSO—Oldut American

Manufacturer. of Men’s Cloth.-





623 St. Clair Ave.. N. w. Cleveland





 





 





 





 





l

l

t

L

V

,





 





 





 





 

 





 





”if“ .
“—‘_—"'—fi





 





Factors in Determining Different Fabrics.





(Paper read by Miss Kate Coad, in-

structor in Domestic Science at the Mich-

igan Agricultural. College, at the recent

Round-Up Institute).





wealth seems to be the dominating



thought of men, honesty appears to be

a forgotten virtue. Men do not nowa-

days adopt the advice of Burns and

“Gather geer by every wile that‘s justi-

fied by honor." On the contrary, dishon-

esty, fraud and adulteration in every-

thing we eat or drink have become so

open and shameless a fact that congress

at tile demand of a cheated and indig-

nant people enacted the “Pure Food

Law" which has, in part at least, reme-

died t..e matter in things we eat. People

are rejoicing over the results of that act,

the increased sense of protection which

it gives from impure and cheapened

foods. It came at an opportune time for

the advances in prices of household com-

modities made it doubly hard to be

obliged to buy adulterated articles. But

there is still much to be done in the

same direction along this and other lines.





IN this age when the accumulation of





It is a great-debt which the American

people owe the magazines of this coun-

try, the magazines which dare to ex-

pose and fight against corruption, falsity

and danger from unsuspected quarters.

Recent investigation into the many little

devices and means used to chcat

the. buyer would, if published, open

your eyes to the shameful way in

which American housewives have been

and are being wronged and cheated, in

such small ways that they seem insig-

nificant but which mean to manufactur—

ers and their victims hundreds of thou-

sands of dollars. As an example, manu-

facturers.of berry baskets make their

products so much smaller than the sup-

posed capacity requires that they hold

from one-fourth to one—third less than

they should. They do this because pack-





' ers require these baskets to measure ac-





cording to their estimates of sizes. Many





such instances might be cited in which

the home-maker of today is being shame-

lessly defrauded.



’ tit II





And why is it? Because she does not

know it or at least did not a few years

ago. Is it worse today than formerly or

are we merely stirring up matters a little

more vigorously? There is little doubt

that dishonest representation of staple

articles and of those commodities border-

ing on luxury are at the present time

more in evidence than formerly, in food,

furniture and clothign. There are good

reasons for this. People nowadays live

in better homes; have better furniture,

that is. more of it and at higher prices;

,have better food, more of it and at great-

have





er prices: they more clothes, a

greater variety of cheaper materials and

at higher prices than a few years ago.

These times are witnessing a mild panic

in clothes and food. Emulation and de-

sire for_ display are rampant and com-





bined with the general ignorance of wom-

en as to quality and appropriateness of

articles are factors in the new and

alarming cry of ”High Cost of Living."

Food and clothing are more in demand,

advertising has become an act whereby

the desire for things is created, and mod-

ern methods of manufacturing and pre-

paring make it possible to supply that

demand.



'So much for the manufacturer and the

advertiser. Between the merchant and

customer stands the salesman, and the

successful salesman of today employs

methods. He is a trained man. There

are being established schools for the ed-

ucation of clerks along their particular

business lines. They learn how to study

their customer, how best to approach

him, what line of attack will be surest,

how to satisfy his real wants and how to

create others. Merchants are demanding

more of their employes and are putting

their relationship on a business footing.

They are given advances in wages and

percentages of their sales as their money





 





 





 





 





.' 4

Vomai] “chiller Needle





. At Home ~ anti Elsewhere





 





 





 





 





value to their employer increases. Con-

sequently it is to their interests to make

sales and many an unscrupulous one does

so at the expense of veracity. He re-

gards a prospective customer in the light

of a venture and he is working for his

own interests. He studies his customer,

notes the effect of this argument and of

that and in a business~like manner fol-

lows up the signals and sells the goods.

This is not arraigning salesmen’s meth-

ods. If he can persuade his customer to

purchase an article that she does not

want—that a piece of goods is “all-wool”

when it is three-fourths cotton—that an-

other material is 36 inches wide when it

is in reality only 33 or 27 inches wide,

then she must expect to. be the loser.

How many women stop to reckon what

they lose in that way? Suppose that a

33 inch piece of goods is represented to

you to be a 36-inch piece. With a 10

yard purchase you are paying for nearly

a yard which you do not obtain. Suppose

the scale of measures on a clerks table





is short an inch, as it has been found to

be again and again by late inves-

tigators? \l'ith a 10 yard purchase you





are paying for nearly one-third of a yard

which you do not receive. Little things?

()f coursc. but to what do they lead? if

it pays the merchant to save that inch

it will pay You. But some Women seem

to feel it beneath their dignity to pur-

chase a cheap article or to find flaws in

the wares displayed. Along with good

articles are inferior ones and the difficulty

lies. in the fact that so few buyers know

values. This situation, then, can be rem-

edied only by meeting it in an equally

business-like manner, until national leg-

islation has been enacted in the way of

standardization of textiles.



Now a word as to “bargains." As a

rule, articles bring what they are worth

and there usually are .a few “leaders,"

consisting of good articles mixed in with

Cheaper ones. If the purchaser can dis—

criminate, it is all right. But be quite

sure that when goods are very cheap,

they are either inferior or else damaged.

The real bargains are usually found at

the close of a season when the high-

priced pieces or extreme one-season arti-

cles are marked down. Medium grade

goods seldom change much in price. The

great secret of bargain day to the mer-

chant is that customers are persuaded

by that something electric in the atmos-

phere, generated by flamboyant placards

and staring advertising. to purchase more

than they anticipated or wanted.



Ordinarily the purchaser does not ob-

ject to paying a good price for things, if

she could be reasonably sure of receiving

good value; but today there is no longer

certainty of that. And this is a question

in which women are vitally interested for

they buy the clothes, the carpets, the

linen for the family. They purchase 90

per cent of the enormous output of tex-

tile fabrics in this country.



On the other hand, it is not always

necessary to buy the higher-priced ma-

terials. There are stores whose clerks

loftily inform one that they carry nothing

cheaper than 250 and if you prefer to buy

the name of the store with the purchase,

very well. But the majority of customers

find it more satisfactory to buy the same

article at a less exclusive establishment





for 15c. Also, the cheap article must not

be maligned because it is cheap. Inex—

pensive fabrics iii the many pretty





weaves, patterns and colors are a great

advantage for the purchaser of moderate

means. And with the ever changing fash-

ions in fabrics and costumes it is not es-

sential that our clothing last as did the

beautiful old brocade of our grandmoth-

ers. But this is the point. That these

materials stand for What they are and

that we honestly receive that for which

we pay. With the wonderful new weaves

onrthe market, the cheap may easily

masquerade as the expensive, the false

as the real.



“romen have of late grown away from

a knowledge of fabrics and are at the

mercy of the manufacturer. Before the





 





 

 





invention of power looms, women handled

the textile fiber from the raw state to

the finished thread. They knew the feel-

ing of a line thread and of a woolen

yarn. They were judges of the fabric

which grew under their own hands, its

weight, feeling and appearance. Later.

they began buying these things and gave

their time to other interests, so much so

that they became unfamiliar with fabrics

and it grew easier and easier for manu-

facturers to dispose of adulterated ma-

terials for the price of the real thing.

This is a wrong condition of affairs for

women have the portioning of the family

income and should certainly have some

knowledge of what they should buy and

what its cost should be.





The schools of home economics have

as one of their interesting fields of work,

the study of textiles. Girls are being

taught concerning the different kinds of

cloth: their tests and the ways of adul—

teration; the original textile tiber and the





processes through which it passes, thus

adding to its usefulness and beauty or

lessening its strength; the chemical





 





agents used in bleaching and dyeing and

their effects on tibcr and fabric. It is a

valuable training for girls who must be;

come buyers for themselves and others.‘

it is such work as this that will, before

long, help to revolutionize these wrong

phases of textile production.

3?: a: 1|





deal with the

She cannot





The home buyer must

fabric and not the fiber.

nowadays watch the processes by which

the flax and cotton fibers, the silk fila-

ment from the cocoon and the Wool from

the sheep's back i,)ecome the spun thread

and yarn. So she is handicapped at the'





start.

To distinguish between linen and cot-

ton in a fabric is a difficult matter. The





original fibers differ much in appearance

but after spinning and weaving the char-

acteristic spiral twist of cotton is par-

tially lost and the linen has acquired a

curl. Now linen, perhaps more than any

other fabric. should not be adulterated.

No other materials can acquire so white





 





and fresh an apearance. if cotton is

mixed with it the cloth will become fuzzy

with- wear. The coiton tlbcr is only





about an inch long while the flax is from

10 to 12 inches. iiub lli‘LPl‘t betwccn thumb

and finger to dctccl a tendency toward

that. New methods are being constantly

evolved whereby the made to

look like wool or feel like linen. The lit-

tle lumps which characterize linen art





cotton is





 





 





i“





at

l ,llgli

ills, ivy"

JIM ,





XV

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ar Out the Pump



You need no longer work the handle of the

old pump—in hot weather or blizzard, in rain

or slush, there is a modern way that gives you

runnin water for every purpose.



Simp y turn the faucet, at any time. day. or

night, and a plentiful supply of fresh running

water is instantly at hand.



It's a simple matter when you own a





M ”mama“ ~





By its use you can have every convenience that the

city man enjoys—running water for bathroom. 151t-

chen, laundry: sprinklin , watering stock, wash;

buggies and autos. and very important to you) his

pressure for fire protection.



Air resaure in the large steel tank. in your cellar

or un er round, prowdesOthe force—and your plant

is protec ed from freezing. Windstorm or .other

danger always. It will last a lifetime Without





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





rc airs—«and the cost is very reasonable.

The book “The Ques- . .. , _,





 

   

 

 





tion 0 Water,” tells 'igI—uI——-I-==' .

an al about it,a.nd Will \Wm;

e sent on return 6 ' . \ ~ , - .



coupon ow . - ‘r‘ - .



. I .



LeaderlronWorlu } b.3353 -



Decatur, Illinois "I . ”'l ‘





   





Eastern Division. Owego. N. Y.

New York Office. 15 William St.

Chicago Office, Moundnock Block.





 





Leader Iron Works, 2809 Jasper SL. Decatur. lll.



Without cost: or obligation,mail me your. book.

“The Question of Water.” with full particulars

about Leader Water systems.





 





Name ....................



R F D. urBor ..... . ................... ..... =

I



Town ........................ .. ....... Slate ........ :





 





 





1: (Beacon Fails Brand)





If you had rubber

boots made to order,

. ou couldn’t have

1: cm made better than





. Mule from the

but Rubber pro- - -

— forcement 18

ducal luthoWoi-ld , .- , used.



IT IS THE CHEAPEST

because best—best in material. best in workmanship, -

and best for wear. Thosc i‘iicts ureaiso true of the en- .

tire Beacon Falls line. When you want a high grade

satisfactory rubber boot or shoe, insist that you be

shown goods bearing the Urn-s. It insures you quality

and service. If you can’t secure Century Boots from .

your dealer. write us. Send his name. We will see that. .

you are supplied. Semi for illustrated booklet.





BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE CO. .,

New York Chicago Boston ’





 





 





 





cleverly iniiiatcd in cotton. )lercerized

cotton, a chemically treated cotton, with

the luster of linen. is by itself a valuable

material but it is sometimes sold as pure

linen. Also rci‘use ilax is spun into thread

and these short cnds do not wear well.



cloth

surest





cotton is





home tests for

but these are infallible, The

test for a mixture of linen and

to immerse the fabric in concentrated

sulphuric acid for two minutes. Then

wash cloth in water and then in dilute

ammonia. The result is that the cotton is

dissolved and the linen unaltered.



The glycerine or olive oil test is simple

and not so reliable. A drop is placed on

the mixed cotton and linen fabric: the

cotton threads become white and opaque

while the linen. due to capillary action,

become translucent.



As a remiinhr of those early years

when women knew fabrics. we have the

magic, terms of "all—linen" and “all-

wool" to which many a purchaser owes

her undoing. It will win over a cuS-i

tomer eight times out of ten and shel

accepts the statement with an unques-

tioning faith. As a matter of fact, it is





There are. m ar y





nut





difficult nowadays to find an all-wool

article, and mixtures of other materials





are resorted to and the use of cheap pro-

ducts. (‘otton is often used with a little

wool wrapped around it or laid along the

threads. Sometimes they are merely

pressed onto the surface of the cloth.

Shoddy wool and wool obtained from old,

worn-out garments or rags are also used.

So it is that, though the world’s supply

falls far short of the demand, yet there

is always wool.



The best test for wool and a vegetable





 





 

 





Do You Have

Objectionable Hair

on your Arms, ‘

Neck, or Face ?





AN you wear and enjoy cool, , ,

coint’ortable,a1Irat-live sum- ‘ ,

moi-gowns, ordo you have to en« \VN’"

diire the niortit‘ying stare of the public because of



the hair growth on your arms, neck and face?

CilAinii-ZNE is prepared for the purpose of removing

such hair growth, quickly, surely. easily and safety.

We positively giiiirantcc that (‘liAiUiENE will re-

move any growth of hair i l‘Hlil any part. of the per-

son, and may bc used as often as iioccssai'y,ivitiiout

llijiiriiiLr the skin in any way.



CHARMENE is no more inconvenient to use than the

average l'acc cream, and tciids to make the skin ap-

pear clear and iirin. CliAltMlfiNE is being used by

hundreds of Suitsilutl Women from whom we have

many unsolicited letters of praise,



Scnd 10 cents in stamps or coin and we will send a.

snilicicni’, quantity of (‘HARMENE to prove our state-

ments. Or send $31.01) for it full size box.



The Charmene Company

'548 Payne Ave. Cleveland, 0.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





.plume

is Justthe

kind for which y0u would have



to pay $5.00.“ any retail state.

his extra mtle.fu1lv iii-inches

long, in all colors, With Willowy





lose their curl easily. Send as $1.00



, today, for this is an opportumtynot



I to be missed. We offeralsoan extra



large and handsome $1.50 plume at $2850.



d our mane mail. express or money or er.



Reignmbser that ygusymoney will be refunded if the

plume is not entirely satisfactory.





fiber mixture is to boil the material for“. “"1".“ch raunchy.“ I D. 513-515 B'nyJU.





 





flues of great length that do not .





,._..-...__._....‘—r¥,
396 (20));





five minutes in a five per cent solution

of caustic soda. The wool will dissolve

and the adulterant be left.



Silk is chiefly cheapened by “weight-

ing” or ”dynamiting,” as it is called. The

thread is treated with different sub-

stances, chiefly mineral salts. This swells

the threads, giving them more body and

weight. It is the presence of metallic

substances which by friction cut the

.threads and cause the tiny pin holes

which appear so soon in many silks.

When burnt, silk should char and leave

little ash. If there is much weighting,

there will be considerable ash. A fairly

reliable test is that a good quality will

not tear nor split when pulled in the





 





   





fingers but will pucker instead.



Silk ‘ may be chemically treated with

caustic soda (10 per cent solution), which

will dissolve~ it in 12 minutes. The resi-

due will be foreign matter.



These brief suggestions show how real-

ly serious the condition of affairs is. The

buyer does not receive what she pays for,

is misled by appearances, prices of goods

are higher, manufacturers’ guarantees

often stand for nothing.



What is to be done? Cannot the people

appeal for protection, as they have in

drugs and foods, until the matter is given

legislative consideration and some stan-

dard is set according to which materials

will be made and sold?





 





 





POSTER PLACE CARDS—By GENEVA M. SEWELL.





card occupies a prominent part in the



decorative scheme of the table. Post-

er place cards are especially suited to

children’s parties, though they may be

quite appropriately used for “grown-ups”

or for any occasion.



One advantage of the poster place card

is that it may be made in the school or

class colors, thus making it especially

adaptive for use by teachers of Sunday

school or day school classes. They may

be made in either one or several colors

for the picture part, and one or more col-

ors for the mat part. They are very

simple to make. Decide the scheme of

color to be used, then the subject. If you





IN even simple entertaining the place





 





No. 1.





No. 2. No. 3.





are not an adept at drawing or free-hand

paper cutting, choose some picture or

object in good silhouette and outline it on





a piece of paper, tracing in the character~





marks dimly, then with a pair of sharp

scissors cut it out and paste it to your

mat, then when perfectly dry follow the

outlines with very black ink and run in

all character marks with black ink.



In figure one the class colors were yel-

low and white, the horn was made of

yellow paper pasted onto a white mat,

it was all outlined with black ink and

character marks run in with black ink.

The result is an effective bit of color

that the young people will be glad to

place on the wall of their rooms as a

souvenir.



Number two, colors crimson and pale

blue, the bell is a suitable reminder of a

class party or a party during Christmas

holidays.



Number three, class colors pink and

pale blue, picture part a Christmas stock—

ing with the Esquimaux sticking out.

The character lines make this very effec-

tive. It is about four by eight inches in

size and may bear the name at the bot-

tom. It is large enough for an effective

wall poster.



Number four, class color pink and

green, poster part a stocking with a

brownie policeman head sticking out.

This and number three could be used for

a mixed party of boys and girls, giving

the doll for the girls and the policeman

for the boys.



Number five, class colors crimson and

grey, subject a rabbit. This is suitable

for an Easter card. The character lines

are laid in deep and strong, making this

very effective. This one will please the

children every time. ,



Number six, yellow and pale blue. This

quite rightly represents ”Mary quite con-

trary,” and her wateringpot. This is a

good one for girls, while number seven

is used for boys. It is lavender and white

or blue and white, and may rightly be

called “Little Boy Blue” for he is blow-

ing his horn.



In all of the above we have used the

simpler styles, using only two colors, one

for the poster and one for the mat, and

they are very effective, but in number

eight we have a more elaborate style.

This may be used for a place card and

also for a bonbon dish to hold the little

table candles or cherries. It makes a

very showy appearance on the table. It

is made from a little boat folded out of

paper as the kindergarten children fold

them, then the pennants and sails are

fastened 0n toothpicks and stuck in

place, and the whole is pasted to the

mat, and a standard pasted at the back





so that it will stand upright. It is bet-

ter to fasten this standard to all poster

place cards for they are more showy and

are out of the way more when so ar-

ranged. I



As all of you may not know how the

little kindergartners make a paper boat

I will give a few simple direction. Take

a piece of paper six by four inches, fold

in the middle, making a piece three by

four-inches, and double. Find the center

of the folded edge and mark it “A" at

both top and bottom, mark right and left

hand corner of fold “B.” Take one cor-

ner marked “B” and bend it at “A” let-

ting the corner “B” follow the line mark-

ed “A." Repeat with other corner and

fold one of the flaps at the bottom of the

figure up on each side, open the figures

and slip the corners of the flaps under

each other. You now have a “soldier’s

peaked cap; fold the two points together

and you have a square; open the square

and fold one of the loose points up on

each side, this makes a cap again, only

smaller, fold the points of the cap to—

gether, making another square only a

smaller one; take one of the loose points

at the top of the figure in each hand and

pull away from the center, this opens up

the figure and makes the, boat.

FIRMNESS IN DEALING WITH CHIL-



DREN WiLL PREVENT “NERVOUS



WRECKS" lN GROWNUPS.

S there any more desirable trait in

I woman, or man either, for that mat-



ter, than poise? And is there an at-

titude so seldom seen? In this hurrying,

busling, nervous age, how few we meet

who are absolute masters of themselves,

who keep calm, self-possessed, sane, no

mater what the circumstances. Yet, if

we only could learn the art we should

accomplish vastly more with less Wear

and tear to the system, nervous and

muscular, and probably with longer life

as a reward.



Women ought to know that giving

away to “nerves” never gets them any—

thing but a weakened body and mind, a

few more wrinkles, premature gray hair,

and, if their “nerves” take the form of

temper, a decided loss. of the respect of

their associates. Yet most of us pride

ourselves on our nerves and. encourage

them in our children. How often we

hear a mother say,



“Mary is’just a little bundle of nerves,”

and when ”Mary” gives way to a fit of





THE .MICHI'GAN. EARMER.





 

 





by limiting her diet to ‘plain cereals,





milk, eggs, simple vegetables, beef and





mutton, and last, but by no means least,

by good, judicious, maternal discipline

and direction.



A mother of my acquaintance has

worked that last idea out beautifully.

She had two boys to bring up, the older,

the proverbial bundle of nerves, who had

been sickly and pampered for the first

two years of his life, the younger a stolid

little fellow who had never been ill a

moment and apparently hadn’t a nerve

in his body. The mother had all her life

long been subject to nerves, she had “en-

joyed" two attacks of nervous prostration

and the child’s aunt was an hysterical

creature who fainted at the sight of blood

and wrung her hands and wept if she

had an earache. “Nerves” as an excuse

for every sort of foolishness in woman,

was pretty well implanted in the moth-

er’s mind, but somehow she hated to see

it develop in a man.



Her boy screamed and roared and

fought if he was asked to take even the

pleasantest tasting sort of medicine. He

jumped up and down and wrung his

hands if he got a tiny sliver in his finger

and the mother suggested a needle. If

he had nose bleed he cried and roared

until he was exhausted. No matter what

ailed the lad the uproar he made would

suggest a madhpuse, and everyone in the

house was upset if he only stubbed his

toe. Of course, “nerves” were blamed,

the shattered systems of mother and

aunt pointed out, and the influence of

heredity talked about in gloomy tones.’



But the mother didn’t like it. She

didn’t believe in hysterical men and the

thought of her boy growing up into such

a being “got on her nerves.” Finally she

had a great light. She realized suddenly

that nerves are creatures of habit, in

fact, that it is by means of the nervous

system that habits are formed, and she

saw that her boy was forming his lifelong

habits now. She decided as suddenly that

he should form habits of self-control in-

stead of self-indulgence, and that, from

his mother at least, he should get no

more encouragement in giving way to

tears and hysterics.



Next day Johnnie got a sliver in his

finger, and true to habit, he began to

scream and kick. The usual procedure

on such occasions was for mother to hold

him in her lap and coax him to be good,

while grandma came with a needle and

aunty stood in the background with a

piece of candy as a reward. This time,

however, there was a decided change.

Mother led Johnnie to her own room and

closed the door, then sat Master Jehnnie

in a chair and commanded him, decidedly

but pleasantly, to stop crying at once.

He was so surprised that he actually

stopped and looked up at her in aston-

ishment. Then she told him firmly and

quietly that she was going to take the

sliver out of his finger, that it might hurt

a little, but that if it was not removed

pus would probably form and it would

hurt him a great deal worse. She also

told him that crying and screaming

would make it hurt worse, because he

would have less strength to stand the

pain, and that she intended to take the

sliver out no matter how much he





screamed so he might as well keep still

and bear it like a man.





There was no





 





No. 6. No. 4.





temper or hysteria, “Mother” says, in the

child’s hearing, “She just can’t help it,

it is her nerves.”



If that is true, that the child is actu-

ally so nervous she can not control her—

self she should be in some sanitarium

under the constant care of a specialist

and trained nurse. I am of the opinion

though, that Mary’s nerves would be

greatly improved by regular hours for

sleep, say from half past seven at the

latest, until six o’clock in the morning:





-No. 5. No. 7.





mention of reward if he was good, no

threat of punishment if he wasn’t. But

Johnnie seemed to grasp the idea that

he hau better be quiet and submit to this

new' form of treatment. The sliver was

extracted without fuss, and Johnnie

seemed quite pleased to think he could

act like a man.



Since that day the same method has

been followed. Johnnie is not allowed

to give way to “nerves,” otherwise to

screams and fighting. He is told quietly





 





to keep still, and made to. obey. 7 Once or

twice he has. tried his old tactics, butas

the mother had learned that-Wit was be—

because of temper and not'sickness, she

turned him over her knee and applied

the proverbial slipper. Of course, grand-

ma and aunty exclaimed at her hard-

heartedness and plead for moral suasion,

but the mother held grimly on her way.

The result has more than justified the

experiment. From being a bad tempered,

hysterical, tryin‘g‘ youngster Johnnie is

fast becoming a manly little fellow. He.

is learning his lessons of self control, and

his mother no longer dreads the thought

of his becoming a weak-willed, flighty

man.



The same discipline might well be ap-

plied to girls. There is many a nervous,

hysterical woman today who might be

self-controlled had her mother not en-.

couraged her in giving away to her feel-

ings in her childhood. DEBORAH.





THE COUNTRY GIRLS’ CHANCES iN

TOWN.—No. 5. ‘

Domestic Service.

BY 'HILDA RICHMOND.

NLY a few of the many occupa-

O tions open to girls have been men-

tioned in this series, but the ones

spoken of are representative ones, and

domestic service is mentioned last, be-

cause usually it is the last thing to enter

the mine of the country girl as an occu-‘

pation. “If I want to work out, I can

find plenty to do around home!” snapped

out a young girl when a city lady spoke

to her about this branch of work. The

country girl had been telling her aims

and ambitions to the city guestkand when

questioned as'to what she could do, it

developed that she was fitted for very

few positions either in city or country.

“I don’t have to be anybody’s slave.

What I want is something nice and

easy.”

As a matter of fact domestic service

in a city has charms that other places





 





No. 8.

can not boast, though it has its draw—





backs. The great objection to young

girls going to cities is that they barely

keep soul and body together in many

cases, because wages are low and expen-

ses high, but in the case of maids all this

is turned about. The “hired girl” of the

country and small city does work that

her city sister would not touch, and the

wages in the city-are about double what

they are in the country. To be sure, ex—

penses are higher as regards clothes, but

the city girl has the advantage of bar-

gain sales in the great stores, and time

enough to do many little tasks for her-

self. Conditions are improving all over

the country for helpers in the home,

simply because good workers are very

difficult to find and they must be treated

with consideration or they will leave, but

particularly in cities do the maids de-

mand and receive regular hours and good

pay with some time for themselves.

While the clerk is earning from $5 to $8

with one afternoon and evening out, no

washing and ironing and every other

Sunday to themselves. To be sure, the

clerk has every Sunday to herself but often

she has no evenings, and the work is

more wearing in the store than in the

house since housework is changing con-

stantly. Of course, there are inconsid-

erate mistresses and poor places, but no

girl need stay in a home where she is not

treated with consideration, since there

are so many, many weary housekeepers

crying out for help.



“Servant,” that is the word that stands

in the way of young girls wanting to be

housekeepers and second girls and cooks

in city homes. In the country home the

hired girl is one of the family, but in the

city the maid must create her own little

world. But she is no more alone than is

the clerk or stenographer, though the

latter plume themselves that they are

miles above the servants. Indeed, many

a servant’s room in the larger and better

houses is far more comfortable than the

room in the boarding house occupied by





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‘Case after case might be





‘hold at a good salary,

’most as many privileges as a daughter





 





the teacher, the clerk or stenographer,

and the food is far above the average

boarding house fare. After all, what does

it matter to the young business woman

whether she goes in at the back or front

door? Why should she feel insulted if

she is not taken into the bosom of the

family and. treated as a guest? Her em-

ployer is not paying her to be a compan-

ion for his wife and daughters, but to do

his work. \Vhere is the clerk who is on

visiting terms with the family of her

employer in a. large city? Of course, the

girl who is unwilling to accept the condi-

tions of domestic service in cities should

stay where she is, for she will fail ut-

terly.



More than in any other employment

there are openings for maids in the cities.

The trim housemaid with light duties and

good wages, the nurse girl in her cap and

apron, the mother’s assistant who mends

and dusts and looks after the children,

the parlor maid with her dainty look and

clean apron, and all the other well paid

workers of the city are drawn from the

farms year by year. Many a girl with-

out an education,'but with an intelligent

mind and desire to please, has prospered

and lived a healthy, happy life in a well

ordered home while her sister in some

more “respectable” occupation has lost

health and spirit under the burden of long

hours and poor fare.



And the beauty of domestice service is

that from the very first the country girl

is self-supporting. She has no need to

look up a cheap boarding house and pass

through a period of waiting or merely

paying expenses, but at once is in a po-

sition where good food. good wages and

a clean room are at her command. Much

has been said about the way maids are

used in some homes, but the average

woman who employs a helper is forced

to feed and lodge her well and refrain

from overworking her in order to keep her.

In many homes the country girl who has

been well brought up, and who is refined

‘and intelligent, really does become a sort

’of companion where the master and mis-

tress of the home are aged anddepend

upon the only young person in the home

to bring in a little of the outside world.

mentioned

where the girl from the country became

the confidential manager of the house-

and enjoyed al-





aside from the allowance such

receive. An ignorant,





or niece,

a. relative might





I untrained foreign girl could never reach





such a place, but: a bright country girl

has it in her power to rise even in do—

mestice service.



it all *



So the girl who does not look upon

housework as drudgery, or the position

of maid as degrading, will find many

doors open to her in the city. And though

they be back or side doors she will find

them leading to honest employment, good

pay and in many cases a comfortable

room. It all depends upon the girl herself

what She can do. There are countless

multitudes of openings even for slat-

icrnly, inefficient, ignorant workers in

domestic service. and weary housekeep-

ers everywhere are crying out for com-

petent workers. They are willing to pay

Well for intclligeni, honest service, and

not only willing but anxious. since they

are forced to pay well for careless, indif—

ferent service. The girl who is careful

with china, can cook well, is trustworthy

to care for children or can do fine laundry

work and is neat and cheerful and knows

how to keep house need not fear that she

will chI' lack employment. There are

thousands of homes waiting for the

bright, hcalthy, careful young country

girl, and in thcm the girls will rind

chances to advance, to save their money

and to make thcmsclves indispensable to

the tired and discouraged city house-





. wives.





THIS MAY HELP YOU PLAN YOUR

MEALS.—No. 38.





 





BY MRS. ALTA L. LITTELL.





Vl'hat to serve with what, that is, what

vegetables to serve with a given out

of meat, is a. question which often puz-

zles the housewife. Next time you have

roast beef, try Franconia potatoes with

creamed onions, or cabbage, parsnips or

lima or string beans. Any of these veg-

etables will go well with the meat. The

Franconia potatoes are simply pared and

baked in the pan with the roast, after

parboiling five minutes in salted water.

Cream of horseradish sauce is good with

the meat as a change from the usual

French mustard. To make the sauce,

make a. simple white sauce and add 'one-





 





 





third cup of grated horseradish. If you





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





want it extra fine, add‘also a. quarter cup

of hot cream.



With porterhouse steak have mashed

potatoes, fried bananas and tomato or

mushroom sauce. Cut the bananas in

four pieces Cl'ossways, melt two table-

spoons of butter in a frying pan, add a

tablespoon of '\\'orcestershire sauce, and

fry the bananas in this until a golden

brown, rolling them over and over so

they will be alike on every side. They

are nearly as good without the sauce. Of

course, you will salt them. For the to-

mato sauce, cook together a cup of to-

matoes, a bay leaf and two slices of on-

ion until soft enough to go through a

strainer. Put through the strainer and

add to a pint of white sauce.



With your roast pork, make a bread

dressing, seasoned slightly with onion.

Serve with apple sauce, brown gravy,

mashed potatoes and tomatoes. fresh if

you. can get them, if not, stewed. Pork

chops, breaded, with tomato sauce and

escalloped potatoes make a fine meal.

Pork tenderloin is delicious baked with

a bread stuffing. Make a gravy in the

pan after removing the meat, and serve

with creamed onions, new beets, or spin-

ach, creamed or sweet potatoes.



Fried ham and eggs. with fried apples

and potatoes boiled in jackets form a

satisfying meal for many. Bacon and

liver, cooked with just enough onions to

flavor, in the oven. are also good served

with fried apples. A lettuce salad helps

to give the required acidity to the meal.



Roast veal always needs a couple of

slices of fat pork on top to give a bit of

flavor. Make onion dressing for this, and

serve with peas, onions, or macaroni and

tomatoes. Veal cutlets should be breaded

like the pork chops and served with cel—

ery sauce and tomato salad. To make

the celery sauce. boil 3. cup of celery un-

til it can be put through the sieve. Then

add to a pint of white sauce made with a

cup of milk and a cup of the water in

which the celery was boiled.





Lamb chops. which are about the most‘





expensive are de-

licious served with





mashed potatoes.





meat known to man,



little new peas and

Of course, roast lamb

or mutton takes mint sauce. Peas go

with the roast, too, or spinach, string

beans or creamed celery. Caper sauce is

usually served with boiled lamb or mut-

ton, and is equally good served with

boiled fish.



Of course, we are never at a loss what

to serve with i‘owls. Our turkey always

has cranberry sauce, baked squash,

ery, and tomatoes. (loose calls loudly for

apple sauce and creamed onions. Duck

is good with onions, too, or with cauli-

ilower, creamed celery or creamed beans.





i'm‘m. or





the





peas, cauli-

cabba go, of





tomatoes in any

ilowel', cabbage or

course, being ci'cumcll.

Fish, if fl‘lcli, should

first in flour.

Corn, asparagus. cur-rots or tomatoes will





l‘il‘O.





(ll‘Xll‘CS lie Iii;l[)61‘ll





Large ilriil arc bcltcr lmkcd.





go with most iish, and t‘llcllllil)ci‘ salad,

01‘ Cucumbers sliced in vinegar give a

zest to thc mcul.



Salmon is best in a salmon iout‘. Bone,

and llake the fish, and arrange in allur—

natc layers with cmckcd tluckcr crumbs

li‘Ll baking dish. 1m: t‘ilv'il layer with

butter and sprinkle with salt, and pepper.

Bake at half hour. llicc, cvcumcd cclcry.

pcas or corn, mashcd or crczimcd pota-

toes and tomato salad llnisll oiit :1 meal?

with salmon.





THE LETTER BOX.





The Up~to-Date Woman is Broadminded.‘





Deborah's editorial in The l“2ll'illt}l' ol‘i

leal'Cll 11 on "(‘hurity \‘lvw'r-lh :1 Mvzlti-i

tude of Sins." is one of lit—1' "best cvcr&"!

and that's saying a lot when shc never: L3,,

misscs hcr mark, no multcr what her"

subject. ‘



And that old, will “charity wvormh fl,

multitude of sins" is a prcccpi rim: v-un‘





never be too often i'epcalcd nor too rlrm-;

ly impressed upon thc mind. Nothing so:

much distinguishes the llD-ll)-illt‘-lllrl-;

ment woman as her lil‘umlmlilolcllllcss,I

and the same applies to men. The point

of View of a generation or two ago is no

where better illustrated than in Kate

Douglass \\'iggin's “New Chronicles of

Rebecca,” where She makes "Candace

Milliken,” the deacon's daughter say at

the meeting of the children's missionary

society. “Foreigners religions are never

right—ours is the only good one." The

writer can well remember when in her

own rural vicinity the different religious

denominations no more affiliated socially

than they had been caste-bound Hindus.

And, as in the instance cited by Deborah,

women who danced, played cards or at-

tended the theater, were called frivolous





 





cel- f





; a bluckhead.

. _ of thanks.

Chicken, either fried or roasted. will take;





. (U test.





 





(31)





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you have tried almost everything under

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You will then say that Stuart’s Calcium

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These wonderful little workers contain

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No matter what your trouble is, wheth-

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Most treatments for the blood and for

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J ixig to get rid of pimples and blackheads,





 





l and guess I used everything under the

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and scandalously worse by the “prunes

and prisms” sisterhood. Yet some of

these women were always first when

there were any “ministering angel” roles

to be filled. ‘



Undoubtedly isolation-has in the past

been the prime cause for the narrow-

mindedness of the average country wom-

an, but in this day of telephones and

rural mail delivery that excuse is not a

valid one. The old “what’s good enough

for me is good enough for anybody”, at-

titude should give way to an apprecia-

tion of the fact that, as no two human

beings are created in exactly the same

mould, no two people can have the same

tastes and preferences. Nowhere has

Liiis fact been more impressively illus-

trated than by Judge Rentoul, speaking

before he famus Bartholomew Club, of

London, when he enumerated the “four-

teen errors of life:”



To expect to set up our own standard

of right and wrong and expect everybody

to conform to it.



To try to measure the enjoyment of

others by our own.



To expect uniformity of opinion in this

world.



To look for judgment and experience

in youth.



To endeavor to mold all dispositions

alike.



Not to yield to unimportant trities.



To look for perfection in our own ac-

tions.



'l‘o worry ourselves and others about

what can not be remedied.



Not to alleviate if we can all that needs

alleviation.



Not to make allowances for the weak-

nesses of others.



To consider anything impossible that

we can not ourselves perform.



‘ To believe only what our finite minds

can grasp.



To live as if the moment, the time, the

day were so important that it would live

forever.



To estimate people by some outside

quality, for it is that within which makes

the man.



The Bible repeatedly emphasized that

the greatest of tirtues is charity. mean-

ing not the giving of aims but of love;

the love that forgives 70 times seven

times and looks forthe mote in its own

eye before criticizig its neighbor. And





finally—

“There is so much good in the worst

of us





And so much had in the best of us

That it doesn‘t behoove any of us

To talk about the rest of us."—l€mbcrs.

The Primary School Fund.

Editor of Household l'lcpzii‘tiiiCIit:~—I





s..ould like to call to the attention of youu





readers to a movement Supported by the

leading educators of the state in various

forms in educational administration.



This has resulted in the drafting of the.

commission form of school board bill

(now before the house at Lansing), and

also the movement for cheaper and bet-

ter text-books, on which subject such

an able report was presented by the com-

mittee on education of the State Grange,

1907. ' .



But more vital to the interests of rural

districts than any of these is tite'move-

ment for the re—distribution of the pri—

mary school fund. This fund is derived,

as many are aware, from the sale of land

and a proportion of certain taxes set

aside by the government for the support

of schools, with the proviso that it be

used to pay teachers’ salaries only.



The distribution is made on the basis

of the number of children of school age

in each district, based on the school cen—

sus of the previous year. Tito direct

consequence of this is that, in populous

districts, the higher valuation of land and

the greater number of children, insures

a larger sum than is necessary for the

purpose designated. This surplus not

being available for other purposes, goes

on accumulating year after year.



On the other hand, in sparsely settled

districts, where land valuation is low, and

children of school age are few, (in some

as .few as 18), almost the whole upkeep

of the school has to be drawn from direct

taxation, which makes a heavy burden on

the few inhabitants. In fact, the taxa—

tion for education is out of all proportion

heavier in thinly settled districts than

in populous ones.



This is not as it should be, and to

remedy the present state of affairs, the

excellent suggestion put forth by L. L.

Wright, seems on the whole, to make for

a wiser and more equitable settlement.



The McNaughton Constitutional Am-

endment already passed by the house,

and soon to come up in the senate, would

shut off from all districts having a sur-





plus Sufficient to pay two years’ salaries

in advance all further payments from the

fund unti1~required, the money thus with-

held to be given to those districts having

the greatest need.of it. In any case,

something must. be done. The present

state of affairs which allows one school

district to keep up a surplus, while in

another district of the same state chil-

dren are growing up with little or no

education simply for lack of funds, can-

not be allowed to continue. Let us all

enlighten the senators from our own dis-

tricts as to our views on the question

and if this does not meet with the ap-

proval of the majority, then let us get

to work and frame one that will.—H. S.

Teaching Girls Neatness.



Editor Household Department—Will

you allow me to add my mite to your

advice to Mrs. F. L. S. in regard to hav-

ing her two daughters do their work

properly. \Vhen your girls do not do

their work the way it should be done,

you can make them do it over and also

deprive them of some coveted pleasure,

as a trip to town with father, a visit to

grandmas, or some playmates or, what

appeals to their pride, the joy of wear-

ing a new dress. »



I remember once with my own girl. I

was making a new dress and, although

she was small she could do errands for

me. She took the notion that if mamma

wanted anything she could go and get it

for herself. As a consequence the new

dress was folded up and wasn’t finished

for a couple of weeks. But it taught the





THE MICHIGAN “FARM"ER. ,





 





little miss that when she wanted some-

thing for herself she must do something

in return.



And as to making them do the dishes

nicely, try appealing to their pride and

ii' that won’t do, why try the plan I have

suitgcstcd, and if you secure results, let

us know. Most girls have a spark of

ncatncss somewhere if you can find it.



Wishing you all success in teaching

your daughters the right way—Mrs. D.

C., 'l‘ipton, Mich.





 





MICHIGAN FAFTIV—l—EE PA—TTERNS.





 





These patterns may be obtained from‘

the Michigan Farmer office at the price

named. Be sure and give pattern number

and size.





 





 





 





No. 4593—Children’s One-piece Romp-

ers.———'l‘hrce sizes, 1, 3 and 5 years. For

3 years it requires 214 yards 27 inches

wide. Price 10 cents.



No. 5191—Having Ten Gores.—Pattern

cut in 6 sizes, 22 to 32 inches waist meas—

ure. \Vidth of lower edge for 24 waist is

21/“. yards and requires 31/2 yards of 44-

inch material. l’rice 10 cents.



No. 4132—Ladles’ One-piece Kimono or

Dressing Sack—Seven sizes, 32 to 44

inches bust measure. For 36 bust it re-

quires 31/2 yards 27 inches wide. Price

10 cents.



537:1—Ladies’ Waist, Closed at Back.—

Cut in 6 sizes, 32 to 42 inches bust meas—

ure. Size 36 requires two yards 36 inches

wide, 37/6; yards insertion. Price 10 cents.



4597—Boys’ Suit—Four sizes, 4 to 10

years. For 8 years it requires 31/, yards

36 inches wide, 1 yard contrasting, 27

inches wide, 31/2 yards braid. Price 10

cents.





 





 





 

 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





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When you'pay more for a Mattress you are doing one of two things:

you are paying BIG PROFITS T0 RE’l‘ ILERS AND JOBBERS or

p Wu arepayrng for fancy high-priced _ Magazine Advertising.

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Reference: German National Bank. STATION D. DEPT. F. CINCINNATI, O.





 





   





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V O O



For Walls and Ceilings

The first step in making a home beauti-

ful is to coat the walls with Muresco.

It gives just the restful, quiet back.

ground for pictures and. furniture.

Dingy walls and ceilings make it impossible to

beautify any room.



Muresco is a powder. It comes in five~

pound packages—any tint—and in applying

is mixed with boiling water. It is easy to use

and economical. Ask your dealer for Muresco.

Our descriptive literature about Muresco will

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Twenty-five Million Pounds of Muresco



Were Sold in the U. S. Last Year. ‘

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kl , N. Y. . Carter t, N J.

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For scalds and burns raw potato acts

like magic.

and apply directly to the scald or burn.

It will afford almost instant relief and the

part will quickly heal—Mrs. H. G.



To keep the starch from sticking to the

iron, and also to produce a. nice gloss,





 





 





Pare and scrape the potato SNAP LOCK





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’ u ‘1- .





 





 





l

t





., . “"c . - .

g. _.‘}’VN '





.2-





..rs
APRIL 1! 1911.;





,,:...(Continned from. page. 388).



The'Will" was agreed to by the house in

committee of the whole, without a. word

of dissent, and Woodworth expects sim-

ilar consideration when it comes up for





final vote on Wednesday.

_____._.._..._——_

HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





National.





The ten-story Asch building at Greene

street and Washington place, New York

city, burned Saturday, and in the fire

146 lives were lost and several others

who are now in hospitals will die. The

building was occupied by a shirt waist

manufacturing company and most of the

employes were girls. There were no fire

escapes and many were killed by jumping

from the top story to the ground or down

the elevator shafts. Life nets caught and

saved a few of the unfortunates. Like

the terrible Iroquois theatre fire of Chi-

cago and the Slocum steamer disaster,

this fire is likely to lead to reforms in the

equipment of manufacturing buildings

wire fire escapes, and it is reported that

this sacrifice of girls has already started

a movement in that direction.



Rumor has it that a competitor of the

steel trust is being planned with Duluth

men at the head of a merger which will

control, steel iron ore and vessel prop-

erty.



The will of Mrs. Eddy, mother of the

Christian Science movement, is being

contested by her son and grand children,

whomaintain that the instrument was

drawn while the testator was unduly in-

fluenced by the board of directors of the

institution. Several million dollars are

involved. ,



Notice is being taken of the migration

of Japanese from the interior states to

the coast at San Francisco. Every sec—





.‘ond class train carries a large number





and all have tickets to the California

City.



The new house rules are being consid-

ered by the democratic committee of the

house, and it is expected that the mem-

bers will be busy every day till the spec-

ial session opens, All?“ 4.



Fire destroyed the milling plant of the

Schmied—Sisman Company, of Detroit, on

Sunday morning and did some damage to

surrounding property, the estimated loss

being $80,000. .



Judge Morse Rohnert, one of the circuit

judges of the \Vayne county circuit court,

died in Rochester, Minn... where he had

gone to undergo an operation.

The senatorial contest is still on in

New York state, to select a man to suc-

ceed Senator Depew in the United States

senate.



The condition of LIX-Mayor Tom L.

Johnson. ot‘ Cleveland, continues to be

very serious. ‘



- Foreign.



There appears to be a critical situation

developing between ttiSsia and China.

Several ultimatums have been delivered

to the Chinese government at I’ekin by

lussia and each has been granted by the

celestial rulers with the hope that it

would be the last and bring peace: how—

ever, the situation is now more accute

than ever. Russia appears to be seeking

an opportunity to occupy Chinese terri-

tory in northern Manchuria, and in case

any of the ultimatunis are not allowed

she will use the refusal as an excuse. for

invasion. To this program Japan is alert,

and while quiet at present. will in all

probability make claim to the southern

part of Manchuria should licl‘ late foe

attempt to occupy the northern part.

France, England and Germany are rest-

less lest they t'ail to secure their share

of the spoils.



The Spanish parliament will debate

this week the question of the execution

of Prof. Ferrer the noted anarchist, and

there is much concern regarding the out-

come of the argument. many of the mem-

bers opposed to the action protesting

against the death of Ferrer having been

threatened by letters from unknown

sources. Extraordinary precautions have

been taken for their security.



The cabinet of President Diaz, of Mex-

ico, has resigned and a new advisory body

is now appointed. They consist of Fran—

cisco De la Barra, minister of foreign at-

fairs; Jose y Limantour, minister of f1-

nance: Demetrie Sodie, minister of jus-

tice; Manuel Maroquin y Rivera. minister

fomento; Vera Estanol, minister of pub-

lic instruction: Norberto Dominguez, min-

ister of communications; Gonzales Cosio,

minister of war and navy. Limantour

and Cosio are the only two members of

the 01d cabinet. The purpose ‘of resign-

ing was that a change of cabinet mem-

bers might afford an easier course to-

ward securing peace. lt apears, how-

ever, from the dispatches, received that

the revolutionists are not satisfied with

the new list of ministers. A conference

has been arranged for between De la

Barra, who has been minister of Mexico

at W'ashington, and Madero, leader of

the revolutionists at St. Louis, to frame.

if possible. tentative terms of agreement

between the government and the insur-

rectos.



The report that the United States would

hold navy maneuvers on lake Michigan

this summer has aroused for discussion

at Ottawa, Canada. the matter of bring-

ing certain classes of war vessels upon

the lakes. The report indicated that

ships larger than the class licensed by

the terms of agreement between this

country and Canada, were to be used in

the practice.



The president of the Russian duma has

resigned his position and that body is

taking a three days’ recess.



The attempt to cross the Atlantic ocean

in a. dirigible balloon planned by Ger-

mans, has been postponed from this

spring until next fall. .



Twenty persons are believed to have

drowned when the steamer Sechelt sunk

in a gale off Beachy Head, British Col-

umbia, last Friday.



Emilio Estrada has just been elected

president of Equador ‘to succeed Gen.

Alfaro.‘ The term of office is four years.





 





 





4





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Osceola 00., March 23,—The first half

of March was fine, but after the middle

of the month it has been quite stormy.

A blizzard raged the 15th and the mer-

cury dropped to near zero, and today

there is a high north wind with some

snow. The old snow nearly all gone, only

a little along fences and some places in

the roads. The roads are very bad. No

farm work done yet excepting hauling

manure. Potato market remains quiet at

250 for white; not many marketed now

on account of bad roads. Live stock look-

ing good but beef cattle are very scarce,

because most farmers had to dispose of

them pretty close last fall on account of

scarcity of feed. Hay is selling at $18

per ton. llye, 70c per bu; oats, 30c: corn,

300 per crate: butter, 20c lb; butter—fat,

24c: eggs, llc doz. Considerable real

estate is changing hands this spring.



Cass 00.. March 22.——This has been a

good spring for the making of maple sy-

rup and sugar. The former sells at from

$1.251’ii150 per gallon, the latter for 220

per lb. The present prospects for wheat

and hay are poor. The roads are good

for this time of year. If the weather re-

mains as at present the fields will soon

be ready for the plow. Horses are sell-

ing high this spring, several pairs have

sold between $450 and $600. Corn has

sold as high as Sic at sales. A good

many car loads have been shipped in from

the west. Seed corn is scarce and not of

the best quality. There was but little

first-class corn raised in the county last

year. The ice is all out of the lakes.

The wind blows, almost daily, strong from

the west. Several inches of snow fell

on the 12th. Hay is selling at $10: eggs.

15c; dairy butter; 20c: creamery, 26c.



Livingston 00., March 20.——-The weath—

cr thus far this month has been

all that could be desired and farm-

as are very busy getting ready for spring

work. “heat and clover have suffered

the past month on account of there be-

ing no covering of snow, though wheat

the heavy growth it ,made in the fail.

will probably be all right on account of





 





Farmers are very uneasy on account of

the proposed reciprocity agreement with;

Canada and many are selling their stock

and grain, fearing lower prices should

the agreement be ratified. Prices are:

“heat. 84c: rye. 80c: ('oi‘n‘. 50c: outs, 28c:

potatoes. 300: beans, $1.55; butter, 200;

eggs, 14c.





 





THE BETTER FARMING INSTITUTE





TRAIN.





 





The Better Farming Institute train is

meeting with great success. We have

spent four days upon the Grand Trunl:

and the attendance increased until at

Coopersville we not only filled the three

coaches for the addresses, but were

obliger to have a large overflow meeting

for those who could not get inside.



Upon the Pere Marquette the geenral

attendance has been even better and

overflow meetings have often been neces-

sary. The attendance has been largely

of farmers but at many places the high

schools have, been dismissed and a large

number of young men and women have

been present who have shown much in-

terest.



After spending five days upon the Pew

~:.ar<'1uette, going as far north as Petos—

key, the return trip will be upon the

Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway, going

as far south as Sturgis, then to Lansing

from Vicksburg on the Grand Trunk. The

last part of the trip will be as follows:



Saturday, April 1, Stanwood. 8:00 a.

m.: Morley, 9.30 a. m.: Howard City, 11:00





a. m.: Sand Lake, 1:00 p. m.: Cedar

Springs, 2:30 p. m.: Rockford, 4:00 p. in.

Monday, April 2, Carlisle, 8:00 a. m.:





Moline, 9:30 a. m.: “'ayland, 11:00 a. m.:





Shelbyville, 1:00 p. m.:’ Plainwell, 2:30

p. m.; Cooper, 4:00 p. in.

Tuesday, April 3, Kalamazoo, 8:00 a.





m.: Vicksburg, 9:30 a. m.: Mendon, 11:00

a. m.: Nottawa, 1:00 p. m.: Sturgis, 3:00





p. in.

Wednesday. April 5, Pavilion, 8:00 a.

m.: Scotts, 9.30: a. m.: Climax, 11:00 a.

m.: Belevue, 1:00 p. m.: Charlotte, 2:40

p. m.: Potterville, 4:00 p. m.

L.





BOOK NOTICES.





Hunter‘s Essentials

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: MARKETS

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(24):





 





 





 





March 29, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.





Wheat—The continuance of conditions

favorable for the new crOp of wheat and

for spring seeding has discouraged the

bulls who allowed prices to decline stead-

ily since last week to a new low point.

The cash trade is dull and, while on oc-

casional days there appears to be a slight

revival, it is generally held that flour is

as slow as ever; hence, millers see so

little opportunity ahead for better prices

and for disposing of the manufactured

article that they will not purchase wheat

to grind. The wheat districts of the

country promise a good crop in so far as

experts can judge; if they are correctly

reported, and brokers are making the

most of the situation to get values down.

While crop news is so dismal at home,

abroad there seems to be a clearer sky,

Liverpool being firm at a slight advance

and the continental markets, though not

so bullish as the English port, dealing on

a steady to firm basis, with the restrict-

ed marekting of Argentine and Australia

wheat to support this tendency. Some of

the cause ‘for Liverpool’s better prices is

attributed to the fact that the city has

been slighted of late as the destination

of cargoes, and that better prices have

come as the result of an effort to get

more wheat to that point. \\'e Were

paying $11714 per bu. for No. 2 red wheat

one year ago. Quotations for the week





are:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May July.

Thursday . ..... 881,4 .8614 .90 .9011;

Friday ........ 871,4 .8514 .89 .8914

Saturday ...... 87 .85 .8851 .89

Monday ....... 861/2 .841/2 .8851 88%

Tuesday ...... 8614 .8414 .88 .881};

Wednesday . . . .8514 .8314 .8663, .88



Corn.——'l‘he downward pull of wheat





prices was too much for the corn deal

this week and succeeded not only in

checking the upward climb of prices for

maize but actually carried the level to a

lower basis. .-\ little excitement was

caused by the shipment of cargoes abroad

and upon publishing that information a.

firmer tone took possession of the trade,

but it being later learned that the grain

was bought during the late low sag in

prices, the effect of the nuns was soon

lost and the bearish situation continued.

In all probability this trade would iiuc-

tuate on the present standard of brices

but for the inlluence of wheat which in

its downward movement is likely to take

corn lower. Feeders are finding it prof—

itable to feed the cereal at present prices

of stock. One year ago the price for No.

3 corn was 611/20 per bu. Quotations for

the week are:





No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.



Thursday ........ 47% 48%



Friday .......... 471/2 481/2



Saturday . ................ 4714 481,4

Monday . . . . . ............. 47 48

Tuesday . . . . . ............. 47 48

Wednesday . ....... . ...... 47 48



Oats.——There is nothing to be said





about this deal. Prices remain on last

week’s basis and the demands upon the

trade are normal, with the supply so well

accounted for that dealers are not taking

much chance on being found short, hence

obviating the possibility of making runs,

or swelling values to any considerable





extent. One year ago the price for stan-

dard oats was 471/20 pcr bu. Quotations

are as follows:





Standard No. 3

W





. hite.

Thursday . . . . . . . ...... . .. . 33 321/;

Friday 33 321,41.

Saturday . . . . . . . . ...... . .. 33 321/4

Monday ...... 33 32%.

Tuesday . . . ............... 33 3214

\Vednesday 32% 82





Beans.—The report of a few calls being

made a week ago for May beans was but

the forerunner of increased demand this

week when the market found little or no

beans on hand to fill orders, which had

the immediate effect of putting quotations

on a higher plane. The calls are for

May goods, although cash goods enjoyed

an advance. Quotations for the past week





are:

Cash May.

Thursday ..... .$1.88 $1.90

Friday ....... . ..... . ...... . 1.90 1.92

Saturday ............... . . . . 1.90 1.94

Monday ................... . 1.90 1.94

Tuesday .................... 1.96 2.00

\Vednesday ................. 1.96 2.00

Clover Seed—All through the past





week the seed market has been active

and much seed is moving to the country

for spring seeding, local elevator men

getting ready for the last call from farm-

ers. Prices are steady with last week.

Quotations are:





Prime. Asike.

Thursday ...... ............$8.75 $9.00

Friday ....... . ..... 8.75 9.00

Saturday ....... .. ......... . 8.75 9.00

Monday .................... 8.75 9.00

Tuesday ................... 8.75 9.00

V’ednesday ................ 8.60 8.75





Rye.——ln spite of the downward move-

ment of prices for other cereals the

shortage of rye is compelling dealers to

put the figure for it higher, and during

the past week an advance of a cent was

made over the increased quotation of a

week ago, the price for No. 1 rye now

being 910 per bu.





Visible Supply of Grin.

This week. Last week.





Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . .34,902,000 36,562,000

Corn . . . . .. . . . . ..... 11,744,000 12,535,000

Oats ...............13,761,000 14,500,000

Rye 136,000 160,000

Barley . . . . . . ....... 1,345,000 1,361,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.





 





Flour.——Market . continues slow ,with

prices unchanged. Quotations are:





Clear $425

Straight ..... . . 4.65

Patent Michigan ....... 4.90

Ordinary Patent ..... . .......... . 4.90





Timothy Seed.—This deal is steady with

a week ago, the quotation now standing

at $5.25 per bu. '



Hay and Straw.—Values are unchanged.

Quotations on baled hay in car lots f. o.

b. Detroit are: No. 1 timothy, $16,506};

17; No. 2 timothy, $15.50@16; clover, mix-

ed, $15; rye straw, $7@7.50; wheat and

oat straw, $6@6.50 per ton.



Feed.—Prices are steady with a week

ago. Carlot prices on track are: Bran,

$27 per ton; coarse middlings, $26; fine

middlings, $28; cracked corn, $22; coarse

corn meal, $22; corn and eat chop, $20

per ton.



Potatoes—The demand for potatoes

shows improvement and while values are

reported the same as last week, the mar-

ket is firmer and more active. In car lots

Michigan potatoes are selling at 35@400





per bushel.

Provisions—Family pork, $19@20; mess

pork, $18.50; medium clear, $17@18.50;





smoked hams, 136014140; briskets, 101220;

shoulders, 110; picnic hams, 101/20; bacon,

15%é@17c; pure lard, in tierces, 91/10; ket-

tle rendered lard, 101/40.



Hides.—No. 1 cured, 91/20; No. 1 green,

9c; No.‘1 cured bulls, 8%.c; No. 1 green

bulls, 70; No. 1 cured veal kip, 101,60; No.

1 green veal kip, 90; No. 1 cured mur-

rain, 9c; No. 1 green murrain, 71/20; No. 1

cured calf, 150; No. 1 green calf, 131/20;

No. 2 kip and calf, 11/20 off; No. 2 hides

1c off; No. 1 horsehides, $3.50; No. 2

horsehides, $2.50; sheepskins, depending

on wool, 500@$1.50.



Dairy and Poultry Products.



Button—The increase in the consign-

ments of butter to market centers has

submerged price levels. W'hile Elgin val-

ues declined one cent, prices over the

local counters tumbled three cents since

a week ago. In Chicago a three cent de-

cline was recorded and in New York the

figures are 21/20 below those of last week.

Quotations are: Extra creamery, 220;

firsts, do., 200; dairy, 16c; packing stock,

131/20 per lb.



Eggs—The increased volume of sup-

plies, in spite of the heavy demand, has

forced values down, so that new fresh

receipts, case count, cases included, are

quoted at 14%c per dozen, instead of 16C,

the price of a week ago.



Poultry.——\\'hile values for some kinds

of poultry are down, the demand for

fowls and chickens has the usual breadth

for this season, compelling a firm market

in that line and holding prices at recent





figures. Quotations: Dressed—Turkeys,

14617200; chickens, 15@i160; fowls, 15c;





ducks, 1760180; geese, 13@14c per lb. Live

—Spring chickens, 15c; fowls, 150; old

roosters, 106L110; turkeys, 1660170; geese,

116i>12c; ducks, 1560160 per lb.





Cheese.——Michigan, old, 1560160; Mich—

igan, late, 13611140. Yorkstate, old, 1669

18c; do. late made, 14613150; limburger,





early, 14@15c; Swiss domestic block, 1860

200; cream brick, 1562160.



Veal.—Market easier. Choice, 10@101/2c;

ordinary, 76980 per lb.



Fruits and Vegetables.



Cranberries.—Steady. Quoted at $3.50

per bu.



Cabbage.—Steady.

bbl. for new.



Onions.—-Higher.

per bushel.



Honey.——Choice to fanCy comb. 15@1‘7c

pcr lb.



Apples.—The demand is active at un-

changed prices. Fancy Greenings are

quoted at $5.50@6; Baldwins, $450606;

Steel reds, $6; ordinary grades, $3693.50

per bbl. \Vestern apples, $2.25@2.75 per

box.





Selling at $1.75 per

Quoted at $1.10@1.25





OTHER MARKETS.





 





Grand Rapids.



The strong upturn in the potato mar-

ket is the feature today. The advance

reported about 10 days ago and prices

at loading stations as far north as Cadil-

lac have already gone from 200 to 30c,

while prospects seem to indicate further

advance to 400 before the present week

is over. Buyers believe that the price

to farmers will reach 500 before the sea-

son closes. This advance in price is mak-

ing the farmers bullish and for the first.

time during the entire season many of

them are holding back their remaining

stock. As to the amount of potatoes still

in farmers’ hands no one knows. In some

sections the bins, pits and storehouses

are almost bare While in other sections

there seems to be lots of stock in stor—

age. Local dealers are quoting 1363140

for eggs, 20c for dairy butter and 231/ac

for creamery. Dressed hogs are worth

80. In live poultry, spring chickens are

still quoted at 140, while fowls have ad-

vanced to 12%@13c.



Chicago. .



“meat—No. 2 red, 881461189140; May,



87940; July, 87%0 per bu.





Corn—N0. 2, 47@471/2c; May, 48%0;

July, 49%0 per bu.

Oats.--—No. 2 white, 311/265320; May,





301/2c; July, 30%0.



Barley. Malting grades, 900@$1.11 per

bu; feeding, 7562880. .



Butter—Extra creamery has suffered

a 30 decline since this time last week.

It has seemed impossible to prevent a

heavy accumulation of stock, and with

buyers restricting their purchases to their

urgent needs the market is now in a con-

gested condition. A comparison of re-

cent receipts with former years throws

a strong light on the present situation.

The figrues show that since Jan. 1 this

market has received 158,231 tubs, or near-

ly 8,000,000 lbs., more than during the

same period last year, and 239,970 tubs,

or nearly 12,000,000 lbs., more than for the

same period two years ago. Dairies are

steady at a decline of 20. Quotations are:

Creameries, 15@22c; dairies, extra, 190.



Eggs—The situation here is_similar to





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





that in butter. Supplies are accumulate

ing notwithstanding the fact that con-

sumptive requirements are large. Tues-

day of this week the receipts were the

haviest of the year and prices were re-

duced 1/2c in consequence. Receipts since

Jan. 1 are 107,663 cases above those for

the same period last year, and the mar-

ket is considered weak, Quotations are:

Prime firsts, 15c; firsts, 141/20; at mark,

cases included, 13%@14c per dozen.



Potatoes—Prices have advanced 8@100

the past week and the effect is seen in

increasing receipts. Thus far the demand

has been sufficient to hold the market

steady at the higher range of values.

Choice to fancy are quoted at 48613500 per

bu; fair to good, 45@47c.



Beans—Demand quiet but sufficient to

absorb the offerings at former figures.

Choice hand-picked-beans quoted at $1.86

691.93 per bu; prime, $1.76@1.85; red kid-

neys, $2.75@3. _



Hay and Straw.—All grades of hay firm

with tendency toward higher values.

Wheat and oat straw freely offered; dull.

Market firm. Quotations: Choice timothy,

$17.50@18.50; No. 1 timothy, $16@17; N0.

2 do. and N0. 1 mixed, $14@14.50; N0. 3

do. and No. 2 mixed, $961713; rye straw,

$7628; oat straw, 6660?; Wheat straw,

35.506176 per ton.





 





New York.

Batten—Market continues weak, prices

showing another sharp decline. Cream-

ery specials are quoted at 23c; extras,

221/20; seconds to firsts, 16@20c per lb.

ngs.——This market is weak and irre-





gular. Prices generally about 1c lower

than a week ago. Fresh gathered ex-

tras, 1761.180; firsts, 151/,@16c; western





gathered,— white, 17@181/20.

Poultry.——Live,steady. Western chick-

ens, 14615150; fowls, 16@16%0; turkeys, 130





per lb. Dressed, irregular. Roasting

chickens, 15@20c; fowls, 14%@160; tur-

keys, 1662200.



Boston.





“bot—There is a wide difference in the

character of the wool markets on this

side‘ of the water and in England. The

London sales continued this week with a

ilrm tone, and holders readily disposed of

the heavy offerings, largely to continen-

tal buyers, while on the local market

buyers appear to have the situation quite

in their own hands, prices scarcely hold-

ing steady for fleeces and dullness evi-

dent in every line of the trade. Then,

too, brokers are not going after the new

clip that is being harvested in the south-

west nor are they contracting for wool

on the sheep’s back. This keeping-hands-

off policy is undoubtedly due to the

promised meddling with schedule K. at

the coming special session of congress.

Just What a person having wool to sell,

should do, is exceedingly difficult to de-

termine. The shipments of wool from

Boston since the first of the year to

March 23 were 51,590,992 lbs., 'compared

with 51,254,464 lbs. for the corresponding

period of 1910. The receipts for the same

time this year were 52,368,711 lbs. and for

the same days last year 63,830,588 lbs.,

thus giving reason for an improved con-

dition of the trade over a year ago, in-

stead of the present inactivity and un-

satisfactory situation.





Elgin.



Butter.——Market steady at 24c per 1b.,

which is a cent below the quotation of

last week. Output for the week, 464,900

lbs., as compared with 447,900 lbs. for the

previous week.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

March 27, 1911.

(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 155 cars; hogs, 14,400; sheep and

lambs, 27,400; calves, 1,700.



\Vith 155 cars of' cattle on sale here

today, and 17,000 reported in Chicago,

our market was about 150 higher than

last week. The greatest advance was on

the good weight heavy cattle; a few loads

of the best on sale here today that has

been shown in several weeks.



we quote: Best 1,350 to 1,500-Ib. steers

$6.50@6.80; good prime 1,200 to 1,300-lb.





 





steers, $6626.40; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb.

shipping steers, $5.85@6.25; medium





butcher steers, 1,000 to 1,100 lbs., $5.40@

5.80; light butcher steers, $4.85@5.35; best

fat cows, $4.506ii5.15; fair to good do.

$3.756474.40; common to medium do., $3@

3.50; trimmers, $2.75@3.15; best fat heif-

ers, $5.406L‘5.75; good fat heifers, $49060

5.35; fair to good do., $4684.60; stock heif-

ers, $4.25@4.50; best feeding steers, de-

horned, $5695.25; medium to good feeding

steers, $4.75fl5; stockers, all grades, $4.25

694.50; best bulls. $5@5.25; bologna bulls,

$4.256D4.75; stock bulls, fair to good, $3.75

694.25; best milkers and springers, $4561)

55: good to best do., $306035; common to

good do., $256530.



.Hog market opened rather slow today,

With prices generally 5@10c lower on all

grades except pigs, which sold about the

same as Saturday. After the opening

trade ruled fairly active at the prices,

and the supply was pretty well cleaned

up. Pigs sold generally at 71/20, and the

best quality and weight yorkers, 337.3069

7.35, with a few at $7.40. Mixed and me-

dium weights sold mostly at $7.10@7.25,

and the heavier grades from $6.90@7.10.

Most of the good, quality roughs went

from $6.20@6.25; stags, $4.75@5; market

closing steady, and we think the pros-

pects fair for the balance of the week.



Lamb market opened very slow today;

few of the choice handy lambs selling at

$6.75; heavy, $6@6.15. Look for little

better prices the last of the week unless

the runs should be heavy. Sheep market

was active today; most of the choice ewes

selling at $4.75@5; wethers, $5.25@5.35.

Look for about steady prices on sheep the

balance of the week.



We quote: Best handy lambs, $6.65@

6.75; heavy lambs, $6@6.16; bucks, $3.25





*1061115c last week,





, arm 1.-- 1911.;





@4; heavy ewes, $4.75@5; yearlings, $6.50 '





(035.90; Wethers, $5.25@5.36; cull sheep,





$3.25@4.25; handy ewes, $5@5.15; vealsL,





choice to extra, $8@8.50; fair to good do.,

$6.50@7.50; heavy calves, $4605.50. ’-





q..__

Chicago.

March 27, 1911.



' . Cattle. Hogs. Sheep

Received today ...... 17,000 48,000 21,000

Same day last year..22,373 23,128 13,996

Received last week..45,844 161,200 64,633

Same week last year.46,632 77,281 49,127



This week opens with an unusually





small Monday supply of cattle, and there

is a lively demand for pretty nearly ev-

erything offered, while prices are fully

1060150 higher, following the late rise

last week. Butcher stock shares in the

advance in steers, and some fat, heavy

steers brought $7.05. Steers would have

sold higher last week than they did had

any fancy lots been offered. There is a.

feeling now that better times are in store

for sellers, but receipts» must be held

down to bring this about. Hogs were in

good supply, although receipts were

much smaller than last Monday. There

was an active general_ demand, and the

average decline in prices was. not more

than 50, sales ranging at $6.25@7.20, com-

pared with $6.30@7 a week ago. Hogs

marketed last week averaged 240 lbs.,

compared with 242 lbs. a week earlier, 229

lbs. three weeks earlier, 219 lbs. a year

ago, 209 lbs. two years ago, 212 lbs. three

years ago and 231 lbs. four years ago.

Light hogs are selling at $6.70@7.20;

rough to selected heavy packing lots at

$6.25@6.80 and pigs at $6.40@7.15. Boars

bring 3527569350, and stags sellat $6.50

61.6.90, subject'to 80 lbs. dockage per

head. Sheep and lambs, which declined

changed little today,

beyond a fall of a (lime in lambs. VVooled

lots sold as follows: Lambs, $5.50@6.50;

wethers, 342561.560; ewes, $3605; bucks,

$325654; yearlings, $4.75@5.85. Breeding

yearling ewes were wanted at $4.75@5.

Clipped lambs sold at $5.25@6.10; shorn

wethers brought $4.25@4.60.



Cattle are not meeting with any large

demand at this time, and prices declined

10612200 Monday last week, although the

receipts were only 23,781 head, which in

ordinary times would not be regarded as

a liberal supply to begin a week with.

After the numerous declines in prices 01'

recent weeks, this additional break made

a very unfavorable impression in feeding

districts tributary to Chicago, and there

was such a marked falling off in the re-

ceipts on subsequent days that the drop

in values was recovered, buyers taking

hold much better, although the require-

ments of the trade were not perceptibly

larger. Beef steers have been selling

largely at $5.506!)6.40, the better class

going at $6.25@6.65 and the commoner

lots at 3548561550, a medium to good class

bringing $5.756p6.20. The best support to

the market came from eastern shippers,

yet they were by no means large buyers,

and it was evident that normally large

supplies of cattle would have resulted in

a bad slump in prices all along the line.

Cows and heifers for butchering had a.

fair outlet at $350656, while sales were

made of cutters at 329060345, canners at

:,2.35@2.85 and bulls at $3.50@5.50. Great-

ly increased numbers of calves were mar-

keted, dairy sections furnishing the prin-

cipal part of the increase, and bad breaks

in prices followed, with sales at $36117 per

100 lbs. This movement will be main-

tained for several weeks more, and low

prices may be expected until it stops,

most of these dairy calves being inferior

in quality, as they are not fattened.

Stockers and feeders continue to com—

mand extremely high prices, being rela-

tively much higher than beef cattle.

They are not offered at all freely, and

buyers have to pay $4695.65 for stockers

and $5.25@5.95 for feeders, no desirable

lots selling anywhere near bottom figures.

Heifers were taken at $4694.85 for fatten-

ing. Milkers and springers were in only

moderate supply and demand at $30@60





per head, a few prime Holsteins going.





around the top figures. Common light

milkers and plain backward springers

were very bad sellers in every instance.



.Hogs have been marketed alternately

liberally and moderately in accordance

with the character of the demand and

ruling prices, plenty of well-matured,

heavy swine being ready to ship in when-

ever the market was in good condition.

Monday is still the day selected by coun-

try shippers for liberal supplies, and 56,—

384 swine showed up on that day, last

week, resulting in a quick break of 15@

200, in prices, despite a good eastern ship-

ping demand. This decline made smaller

receipts later in the week, and this forced,

buyers to pay some fair advances in

prices, especially for the better class of

rather light-weight shipping hogs. The

heavy packing hogs were slowest of all

and the first to decline and last to ad-

vance. Great strength in prices for ship-

ping grades was brought about by the

wide disparity in prices of light hogs here

and at Buffalo, the Chicago quotation for

the best at one time being $7.20, while

sales in the east were made at $7.90.

Heavy hogs prevail, and this may be ex-

pected to centinue unless there is a big

break in prices, for farmers have been

making liberal profits through feeding

low-priced corn to their hogs.



Sheep and lambs have been fluctuating

considerably in price for still another

week, and although mutton is having a

large sale in most places, butchers are

always ready to exert their power in forc—

ing declines after they secure fair num-

bers of sheep and lambs. The market

has been in a stronger position than a.

few weeks ago, however, thanks to im-

proved consumption of mutton in the

east, and there has been a lively demand

for shearing and feeding lambs to ship to

Michigan on a $6636.35 basis. The mars

ketlngs are now running very largely to

shorn flocks, these being preferred by

most buyers. Prices for sheep and lambs

are still much lower than in former years

at this time.





 

 





 





ML”





 





“aw- r’é'M'
APRIL 1, 1911..

THIs- Is THE LAST EDITION.





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports. efiast week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday the loot edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who: care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib—

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a. card to that enact.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCKWMARKETC.





Thursday’s Market.

March 30, 1911.

Cattle.





Receipts, 853. Market strong at Wed-

nesday’s prices. Butcher grades 10@15c

higher than last week.



We quote: Best steers and heifers, $6@

6.10; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200,

$5.50@5.75; steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000

$5@5.50: steers and heifers that are fat.

500 to 700, $450615; choice fat cows, $4.50

@5; good fat cows, $4614.40; common

cows, $3.75@4: canners, $2.75@3.25; choice

heavy bulls, $5@5.10: fair to good bo-

lognas, bulls, $4.25@4.50; stock bulls, $3.75

@4; milkers, large. young, medium age,

$406348; common milkers, $25@35.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Fronn 4 cows av

965 at $4.20, 2 do av 890 at $3.45; to Park-

er, W. & Co. 4 do av 1,112 at $5, 11 steers

av 1,061 at $5.85; to Sullivan P. Go. 4 do

av 862 at $5.35, 2 do av 590 at $4.50, 23

do av 1,050 at $5.85, 10 do av 930 at $5.60;

to Breitenbeck 8 do av 813 at $5.20; to

Parker, ’W. 8:: Co. 1 bull weighing 1,130

at $4.70, 1 do weighing 1,100 at $4.60, 1

steer weighing 800 at $5.25, 14 do av 1.008

at $5.75, 5 do av 736 at $5.10, 1 do weigh—

ing 890 at $6, 1 cow weighing 900 at $4.50;

to Bresnahan 6 heifers av 566 at $4.65; to

Mich. B. Co. 13 butchers av 821 at $5.25,

6 cows av 1.038 at $4. 12 steers av 666 at

$4.90, 1 do weighing 940 at $5.75; to New-

ton B. Co. 6 butchers av 1,011 at $5, 3

steers av 773 at $5, 1 bull weighing 1,000

at $4.50, 2 cows av 1,000 at $4, 2 do av

675 at $3; to Goose 2 cow and bull av

1,345 at $5.65; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,350 at $4.75, 3 steers av 1,150

at $5.75, 9 do av 818 at $5.40, 3 cows av

870 at $4.50, 12 steers av 1,120 at $5.75, 9

do av 653 at $4.50, 7 cows av 1,143 at $5,

19 butchers av 820 at $5.25; to Mich. B.

Co. 17 steers av 1,085 at $6: to Parker,

\V. & Co. 1 bull weighing 1,580 at $5; to

Bresnahan 15 butchers av 711 at $4.80; to

Breitenbeck 17 steers av 1,035 at $5.55, 3

cows av 1,123 at $4.25.



Venus sold Mich. B. Co. 4 cows and

bulls av 1,150 at $4.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 5

butchers av 700 at $5.10, 11 do av 775 at

$5.40, 2 cows av 960 at $4, 6 steers av 846

at $5.50; to Rattkowsky 1 cow Weighing

730 at $3.75, 2 do av 975 at $4.25; to Sul-

livan P. Co.,18 butchers av 658 at $5.10;

to Newton B. Co. 1 cow weighing 650 at

$3, 2 do av 985 at $3.75, 3 bulls av 757 at

$4.50. 3 steers av 1.123 at $6, 5 butchers

,av 690 at $4.50, 19 steers av 871 at $5.50;

to Newton R. Co. 11. do av 750 at $5.40,

2 cows av 960 at $4: to Mich. B. (To. 3

do av 843 at $3.50, 5 do av 888 at $4, 21

steers av 831 at $5.65, 1 bull weighing

1,430 at $5.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 2 cows

av 915 at $3.60, 2 do av 785 at $3.50, 1 do

weighing 830 at $2; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 20 steers av 915 at $5.50, 2 do av 850

at $5.10, 22 do av 807 at $5.50, 8 do av 743

at $5.40, 3 cows av 950 at $4.50, 1 bull

weighing 990 at $4.50, 8 heifers av 761 at

$5.40, 2 bulls av 685 at $4.35, 1 do weigh-

ing 1,480 at $4.00: to Kammon 14 steers

av 918 at $6: to lluchnlt 15 steers av 800

at $5.40, 1 cow weighing 1,080 at $3.75.



Spieer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 2 cows

av 875 at $3, 21 steers av 1,127 at $6, 2

cows av 770 at $3 1 do weighing 1,020 at

$3.50. 2 do av 1,015 at $4.50, 5 steers av 954

at $5.60; to Sullivan P. Co. 5 do av 866

at $5.75, 1 cow weighing 1,120 at $3.75,

1 do weighing 1.280 at $5, 1 steer weigh-

ing 700 at $5.30: to 'l‘hompson Bros. 5

cows av 044 {IL 84.75, 1 steer weighing 920

at $5.40, 6 do :Iv 613 at $5.10: to Regan

4 do av 467 at $1.35; to Kamman Ii. C0.

11 do av 970 at $3.75, 4 do av 670 at $5.25:

to Brcsnahnn 6 heifers av 460 at $4.50;

to Sullivan P. Co. 4 cows av 1,295 at

$4.75; to Marx 14 steers av 950 at $5.75;

to Fronn 1 cow weighing 970 at $3.85; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 2 bulls av 1,100

at $5.



Sharp sold Lingeman 1 bull weighing

1,270 at $4.75, 6 steers av 1,000 at $5.75.



Robb sold Goose 2 cows av 1,105 at

$4.50, 5 butchers av 534 at $3.50.



Robb sold Bresnahan 4 heifers av 637

at $4.25.



Robb sold Hammond, S. & Co. 1 steer

weighing 730 at $5.



Veal Calves.



Receipts, 592. Market steady at last



'l‘hursday’s prices; steady with VVednes-





day. Best, $7@7.50; common, $4.506i15.50:

heavy, $3@5; milch cows and springers

( till.





Roe Com. Co. sold Newton 13. Co. 7 av

125 at $7, 4 av 140 at $7.50; to Breitenbeck

18 av 135 at $7.25.



Bohn sold Bront 4 av 125 at $6.50; to

Robb 3 av 150 at $7.



Kalaher sold Newton B. Co. 10 av 136

at $7.



Long sold Burnstine 10 av 140 at $7.



Viialker sold Sullivan P. Co. 3 av 175

at $7, 2 av 120 at $5.50.



Bishop, B. 6‘; H. sold Burnstine 1

weighing 130 at $7.50. 6 av 145 at $7. 6

av 150 at $7, 13 av 130 at $7.50, 1 weigh-

ing 150 at $8; to Parker, 11'. & Co. 5 av

150 at $7.75. 4 av 100 at $6.50; to Free-

man 3 av 100 at $6, 2 av 135 at $7.50, 3 av

.140 at $7.75; 'to Hoffman 4 av 135 at $7: to

Goose 3 av 190 at $4.50, 2 av 250 at $4. 4

av 95 at $4.50; to Rattkowsky 3 av 165

at $6.75; to Mich. B. Co. 12 av 140 at

$7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 11’av 130 at





- $7.25, 15 av" 115 at $6.50, 3 av 115 at $7,





28 av 135 at $5.50; to Rattkowsky 12 av





v





THE MICHIGAN' FARMER.‘





130 at $6.60; to Goose 19 av 140 at $6.60.



Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 7

av 135 at $7, 13 av 130 at $7; to Mich. B.

Co. 16 av 140 at $7.50; to Golden 7 av 118

at $6.50; to Brant 5 av 120 at $6.50, 6 av

165 at $5; to Barlage 3 av 95 at $4.50, 6

av 135 at $6.75.



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 10 av 138

at $7.50, 14 av 125 at $6; to Sullivan P.

CO. 3 av 100 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 6

av 125 at $7, 6 av 95 at $6.50, 27 av 135

at $7.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 2,155. Market strong at last

week's prices and \Vednesday this week.

Best lambs, $6.75; fair to good lambs, $6

@650; light to common lambs, $5@5.75;

clipped lambs, $461425; common sheep,

$3@3.25; wethers, $4.75@5.15; best ewes,

$4.25@4.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

74 sheep av 85 at $3.50, 60 lambs av 77

at $6, 10 do av 54 at $5, 10 clip lambs

av 57 at $4, 36 do av 73 at $5, 11 do av

70 at $5, 8 lambs av 90 at $6.50; to Park-

er, W. & Co. 224 do av 70 at $6.65; to

Mich. B. Co. 43 do av 83 at $6.25, 4 sheep

av 145 at $4.25, 33 lambs av 70 at $6.40;

to Street 38 sheep av 120 at $5; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 10 lambs av 73 at $6.50,

13 clip sheep av 110 at $3.75; to Fitzpat-

rick 25 sheep av 120 at $4.50, 5 do av 125

at $4.50, 60 lambs av 95 at $6.75; to Esch-

rich 10 do av 59 at $6; to Newton B. Co.

86 do av 110 at $6.40; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 108 clip lambs av 80 at $5.25.



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 12 lambs

av 110 at $6.25, 4 do av 50 at $6; to Bar-

lage 67 sheep av 100 at $5.25.



Spicer'& R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 35

lambs av 68 at $6.25; to Newton B. Co.

237 av 75 at $6.70; to Mich. B. Co. 166 do

av 78 at $6.70; to Sullivan P. Co. 62 clip

lambs av 75 at $5.50; to Mich. B. Co. 24

lambs av 68 at $6.25, 11 sheep av 82 at

$3.60; to Breitenbeck 38 lambs av 70 at $6.



Roe Com. Co. sold Street 18 lambs av

73 at $6; to Nagle P. Co. 94 do av 75 at

$6.50; to Breitenbeck 17 do av 65 at $5.



Bohm sold Newton B. Co. 26 clip lambs

av 83 at $5.25.



Miller sold Mich. B. Co. 24 lambs av

77 at $6.25.



6Igtsnvensteln sold same 9 do av 95 at





Bohm sold Hammond, S. & Co. 7 clip

lambs av 75 at $5.25, 6 sheep av 70 at

$3.25, 35 lambs av 77 at $6.



Robb sold Street 29 clip lambs av 83

at $5.25.



Weeks sold Thompson 10 sheep av 110

at $5, 14 lambs av 68 at $6.50.





095.

Receipts, 3,370. No hogs sold up to

noon; will be 10@15c lower than on Wed-

nesday; looks like $6.90 for best.

Market 400 lower than last Thursday.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &.

Co. 2,650 av 170 at $6.85, 200 av 200 at

$6.88, 150 av 225 at $6.75, 50 av 400 at

6.4





$ .

Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co. 370

av 170 at $6.85, 215 av 190 at $6.80.

6Spicer & R. sold same 470 av 170 at

85





ltoe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 425

av 170 at $6.85, 225 av 190 at $6.80, 123

av 200 at $6.75, 170 av 210 at $6.70, 32

av 240 at $6.60.





—





Friday’s Market.





March 24, 1911.

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1,276;

1,382. Market strong at

prices on all grades.



\Ve quote: Best steers and heifers, $6;

steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200, $5.50@

5.75; steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000, $5@

5.50; steers and heifers that are fat, 500

to 700, $4.50@5; choice fat cows, $4.50;

good fat cows, $4@4.25; common cows,

$3.25@3.75; canners, $2.50503.25; choice

heavy bulls, $5; fair to good bolognas,

bulls, $4.50@4.75; stock bulls, $4@4.50;

choice feeding steers, 800 to 1,000. $4.50@

5.25: fair feeding steers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75

614.25; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $4@

4.50; fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50@4;

stock heifers, $3.50@3.75: milkers, large,

young, medium age, $40@50; common

milkers, $30@35.



Veal





last week,

Thursday’s





Calves.



Receipts this week, 1,216; last week,

1,000. Market steady with the close on

Thursday. Best grades, $7.50; others, $4





 





(25)





401





\ BEFORE YOU

\ TUR N YOUR





   





Let 4.12 I!!! Them 01 use": 1:12:21: 63.93;?





Don’t let them infect your pastures and doubly re-infect your sheep this

spring. Now is the time to stamp out these profit-eating, sheep killing pests.





 





AM “foil-1





   





No Branching SALQVE No Handling

No Dosing - , - No Trouble





The Great Womidlettroyer‘and Conditioner





SAL-VET will do it and I’ll rove it at m risk: I positively guarantee it will

rid your sheep entirely of a1 stomach an freenlntestmal worms and beSIdes Will

tone them up and put them in the finest condition possmle. It Will make your

lambs robust, vigorous and positively prevent your usual lamb losses.





Send No Money—60 Day Test Before You Pay





I simply ask an opportunity to prove all the claims I make for “Sal- Vet’ 'absoluteb ”‘0

at my risk. lfyou willjust mailme the coupon, I’ll Ship you enough “Sal- Vet” Moo ‘9.

to last your stock for 60 days. without qalgi‘ng you for .a penny m advance. '.‘ .6

You are not under obligation to pay for_ it, if SaI- Vet fails to do what [say ‘4 ‘9 ‘2. can?

it will do. Ijust want you to put this wonderful. medIcated salt within 0 o

reach of your sheep. cattle. horses and hogs at my risk—then watch them ”o e‘ :6;-

round out, increase in strength and vitality. grow more robust and 0' 0.. 949' /

gain weight—with no more feed than you are now usmg. " {‘0 583°, ."

"We have used SAL-VET with excellent satisfaction. It; discourages '0 Q

the development of worms, and keeps sheep In good condition. I be. I

lieve that SAL-VET will repay the user In the results which come ‘5 9' q 0‘ o ." x

from its action in his flock. O. S. Plumb. B.”- <9 k. a .

Prof. of Animal Bush, the Ohio State University College of Agzi.





Just send the coupon, that is all I ask you to do now. 'o‘ 9- -. 6,





. . . . . a . r,” I

Tear It off—slip It In an envelope and mail it to me. Q( 143$ 0c . . l, @047

4' V 698“ 9‘ ' , .





SIDNEY II. FEIL. Prealdent “

THE s- R. FEIL 60., gfrpf. Cleveland, 0. ““* .é‘ezft‘o I,» 1' 0% ’1': '1’





Prices: 40 lbs..“8;2.25- 31931575 $5.00: 2031bs..$9.00; 300 ”2‘9."

.., . : k s.

,, 6930‘s? 6° ~2-





n lbs.. 321. 2. '2

A





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





FARMS AN" FARM lANnS and ruIInin water. $6,5 . Possession thi. .. ‘ .

I). R. R ETC , 724 Dollar Bank Bldg.. Younggtoqigilitngi:





FOR SALE—SO-a. 9-1‘90111 brick house, burn, other

outbuildIn rs, fruit. and timber, spring





 





FOR SALE 0R EXGHANGEI 125 Acres, $4,000. Part Cash





Stock and Tools Included.

for the money in Michigan.

The Bes‘ Farms Write. stating what you want, to

E. N. PASSAGE. Plymouth. Michigan.

FOR SALE—320 acres good farm land. 4 miles from

Gladwin t‘it)’. 40 acres cleared. Fair





buildings. Will so cheap or trade for smaller

farm. Address. MENNU GRUSZ, (jlmluin. Mich.





 





 





after inspecting farms in Madison 00..





 





in Glildll‘lll and Clare (‘ouutics “'1



have $000 acres of fine unimproved lauds. also some.



improved farms. Write us for maps and folders.

A. J. STEVENS & (30.. Glmlwin. Michigan.





FOR SAI —120 acres, 115 acres improv-

ed. t'enced- House and

fair buildings. good water. would make :I good stock





arm. Price $2.000. 1% miles from “'UlverIne,

Cheboygan (10.. Mich. Enquire of Thomas l’anklIIIrst.





For Sale—Choice Farm, Stock and Fruit Lands





smull'tools: price for everything only $4





gardiug climate, ra

rinsed





 





FOR SAL E-t’fii acres of best



MIclIIguII liil‘m land

located 4 miles east of Ann Arbor. Largc modern

house and burns. fine water sup 113' and 20 acres wood

lot. Inquire (It 4243. Main St. nn Arbor. Michigan.





 





Too Much





seen it. Write,





 





@650; milch cows and springers steady.

Sheep and Lambo.



Receipts, this week, 7,161; last week.

4,503. Market steady at Thursday’s

close. Best lambs, $6.50@6.75; fair to;

good lambs, $6716.25; light to common

lambs, $5.50fl5.75; clip lambs, $4.50@5.50;

fair to good sheep, $4.50@5; culls and

common, $3@3.50.





Hogs,

Receipts this week, 6,029; last week,





5,135. Market Be lower than on Thurs-

day. Range of prices: Light to goodr

butchers, $7.15@7.20; pigs, $7.25; light}





yorkers, $7.15((r7.20; roughs, $7@7.05,





 





 





 





The western markets have received in.

recent months large supplies of warmed-1

up cattle, which were taken out at first

for a short feed, and many of the last

autumn feeders have been marketed,l

causing a wide-spread belief that there:

is going to be a marked falling off in mm

future beef supply. I



In most feeding sections of Michigan,

Lenawee county excepted, fat cattle have

been mostly marketed, and not many hogs

are left. Many flocks of sheep and lambs

are being sheared, and this has checked

marketing. For new clips of wool bids

of 19 to 20 cents per pound are made.





The Chicago and other western packers

are endeavoring to have the free use of

prod poles, clubs and whips done awav

With between loading and slaughtering

pomts. Rough usage of this character

causes a great many bruised carcasses,

and meats that are bruised keep poorly

and become quite a risk after remaining

in the chill room or storage cellar for

any length of time.





 





’ GUSTIN LAND C





$6 000 takes 245 acre farm. 3 miles liuilrond town.

9 well and spring water. Z-stori'JIB-room frame

house, 2 large basement. burns. Buildings first class.

Abundance fruit, a: cash. balance time. “rite for

farm bargains. Valley Farm Agency. ()wego. N. Y.





‘V ll'm‘t p'Iv (UlllullNHlUIlN Wt



1. t I ._ ', -.

Farms anted find you direct. Il)li,\ttl'.v “'rite

describing property. naming lowest. [Il‘li‘t‘. “(I hclp

buyers locate desirable prhllt‘l‘ilt‘fl F' ii ICE. American

Investment. Association, 3 Palm-c. MInncnplIs, Minn.





T0 SB" 01' EXChflflflC 0d lands, IIeur l’l‘lilC.I





Utah. Premanont water rights. Ncnr railroad and:

county seat. Will sell for cash at. $100.0(Inn acre or!

exchange for Michigan farm land. Arthur H. ltilel,

First. National Bank Building. Escanalm, MIchIgun





Florida Land . .

has been sold 1.13.3322?” {it“‘s





_

settlers and investors to develop richest district;





liaison 80 bu. corn per acre.

truck audxstaple crops.



with $500 t

here.

Ideal climate. schools, churches,





FOR SALE 50,000 Acres 600d Farming roads. all conveniences. Home seekers and in-

Land In Northeastern MIchIgaII :,t;;;<gg,pply3;::f> “”ngm- “6 need you and





in lots of 40 acres and u . Correspondence solicitct .

., Alpenn, Michigan.





 





Seo. Wilson of the U. 6. Dept. of Agriculture said

. N. ', “hurt--

after when a young man With a few hundred dollars

asks where he can engage in farming to tho best ad.

vantage I shall ask he be directed to the possibilities

cxlstmg throughout New York State.“ This line farm

Is located In the dIstrict. to which the Secretary ret'ers'

cuts 50 tons hay. pastures 20 cows: cuts 700 cords wood;

2—story b-room house. bIg barn, silo, several other out-

buIldIngs, tine maple shade. only two miles to crooni-

cry. near neighbors. schools. mail delivered; owner

goIng array. Includes horse, 13 cows, 4heifers, bull, Ti

calves. 2 shoots, 60 hens. all farming machinery and

. .000. . . .

full detzuls and traveling directions to seeplhtiscllqull

hundreds oi’~ other profiting-paying farms from $1 000

up, many WIth lIvestock, machinery and tools incilid-

ed, page 16 “btrout's Farm Catalogue 3-1 ’, the biggest

and best farm catalogue ever issued. gives details re.

I roads, markets. schools, crops

. __ 0150., In all the best farming districts of Ohio

M IclIIgun and the East. Just out, copy free. Station 10].

E. A. sruou'r. Unlon Bank Building. Pittsburg, pa:





to people who have never

_ Brooks-

vIlle Board of Trade for

1100K of FACTS, describ-





have

no land to sell but want





in Florida. according to State Dept. of Agrieul-

ture; not pine land; not sand, but high and roll-

ing with rich dark top Soil and clay subsoil.

~4tlacrcsfirstclnssirrignt-l No fertilizer. irrigation or drainage necessary.

Best forfeitrus fruits.

Au industrious IIutII.

$1.000 capital can be independent

600 feet above see: no swamps or marshes.

towns, good





Board at Trade. Box 283. Brooksville. Flo.





 





- Write for list. 7 of STOCK, GRAIN FOR

MlCh DAIRY and FRUIT FARMS Ill).

0





 





iNFORMATlON AS TO LANDS IN





 





Bgrry and. Eaton Counties. G00 ‘





T HOOLS. GOOD ROADS. LOW;

Farms





AXES and GOOD LOCATIONS.

Hastings.





BUCKLES & MATTHEWS. I

Cash For Your Farm or Business. 4,3225 i





' The Nation’s

Garden Spot-





Michigan. ,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





and seller together, no matter gagfifiicagetél‘léagu ' THAT GREAT FRUIT and TRUCK

tt b or sell, address . - _

ElinND‘: 94gidams Express Building, Chicago, Ill. - — GnotnglgsiEEON _





 





AN IDEAL FARM

AND HOME IN





CAROLIN THESOUTK

THOUSANDS OF Amuse—Rich,

c 0 A S T Black Soil; Virgin Farm Lands

fronting on the ocean.

In the world’s finest clim-

c 0 U N T R Y ate. Nearby markets. Low

priced lands.

Write us for Free Illustrated Booklet, Maps, etc.

Address W. W. CROXTON. G.P.A., Norfolk

Southern R. R.- DePt. B. Norfolk. Va.





Atlantic Coast Line





RAILROAD





in Virginia, North and South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to

WILBUR McCOY.

A. .1; l. Agt. for Florida,

Alabama, Georgia.

J acksonville, Fla.





E. N. CLARK.

A. Jr LAgt. for VII'ginI'a

and the Carolinas,

Wilmington. is. C.
Healthy Chicks





Pratts

'Poultry Regulator will make money for you

this year if you give it to your chicks right





that live to grow up mean big profits.





from the start—you will have a flock of

lump productive fowls that will begin to

lily early.





, 19w

Poultry Regulator





is a wonderful tonic for the blood and keeps their dices-

tion in perfect or er. owe trouble. which alone is

responsible for the loss of thousands of little chicks every

{Jean will be reventcd by giving the little fellows



ratts Poultry Emulator every day. he chicks grow

im‘ because they get more nourishment from their





You cannot make money with lousy poultry. Start

early to dust all the birds with Pratts Powdered Lice

Killer,then spray the walls and hen houses with Pratt:

Liquid Lice Killer. Remember Pratts Remedies are all





Guaranteed or Money Back





Gel! some of Pratt; Poultry Regulator

today and try it on the lift/e chic/c: and all

fora/s. Your dealer sells 2 5 lb. fails for

$2.50 also smaller size: and 100 ll. bags.

Write for your free copy of POULTRY WRINKLES.

It is waiting for you—a postal will bring it.





Him roon co.. Dept. 28 Philadelphis,l’a.





 





 





 





 





 





lice

will help you got more pleasure and more profit

from Bee keeping. lllnonths trial subscription 25c.

Book on Bees and (‘ntalog of Supplies scnt frce.

THE A. I. Roor COMPANY. Box 54. Medina, Olilo.





LI LLIE FARFISTEAD POULTRY





B. 'I’. Itocks. It. I, Reds. \\'. \l'ynndottcs and S. O. W.

chlmrn eggs for sale. 15 for 51; iii for $1.50; 50 for

2.50. (‘ULON C. LILLII‘I. (‘oopcrsvilltn Mich.





' R (7. Br. chllorns. Stock

mammOIII Pakln DUGkSy and Eggs. Winners at:

Detroit. 1911. (CLAUDIA BETTE. llillsdllll‘. )llcll.





of quality. Eggs. fiii'st l'cn hcadml by Rcd

3' 0' HI |' Beds Wing: $2 per 15; Range $1 per If): $5?) per

100 Any quantity. Elinor Mathewson, Nottziwa. Michigan.





r WHUROIYGHBREI) S. (1. BROWN LEG-HORN E gs

at $1.00 pcr 15 or $5.00 per 100. Stock all so (i.

LIGVVIS '1‘. ()l’l‘ENLANDER. it. No. 4. Lansing. Micli_





G GS: EGGS: EGGS—“Write & Bull ()rpington.

E “'hitc & Barred Rocks. Black & White Minorcasx

VVliito it: Biiil Leghorns. Rose & Single Comb Reds

Houdnns oz White Crested Blk Polish. ll. H. King. Willis, Mich.





EGGMAKERS Strain S. C. Brown Legliorris.

Eggs 98c. per 15; $1.48 per 30; $3.98

per 100. WM. J. COOPER. Mt. Pleasant. Michigan.





EGGS—Barred Rocks & Mottled Aiiconas. They

win. 'l‘licy lay—'I'flcy pay. 1;) eggs $2.

JADIES A. TUCKER. Concord, h’liclilgan.





’ from pure bred Bull" VVyan-

Eggs for HatChmé dottcs. Excellent layers. 15

eggs $1.25: 30 eggs $2. \I'. J. .ll't‘lilllll. (lass City. Mich.





E ——I.ight. Brahma. Wliitc “'yandotto and Barred

ggs ltocks. $1 a setting. $1.50 for two settings.

E. I). BISHOP. Route 38. Lake Odessa. Michigan.





-—Knlps 242 egg strain. prize

Ii. 0- Brown Leghorns w‘liincrs. farm range. select

eggs $1.00 1.5; $3.00 50. S. W. HENSEL. Basil. Ohio.





' —L;irgc vigorous. well barred.

IIIIIgIGI Barred "cells A low choice birds for sale to

quick buyers. It. J. SCHLONEGIGR. l’igcou, Mich.





—KuI strain. the best

II. 8. B. Leghorn Cookerels therg is l$1 tn $3, Eggs

in season. 0. IV. WAITE. Gobleville. Michigan.





INGLE COMB BLACK MINORCAS—A few more

S line largi1 cockcrcls. Satisfaction guaranteed.

I‘lggs $3 per 15. It. W. MILLS. Sallng. Michigan.





SlllliLE 00MB 00%|}er LElilltlllllS.





ECCS $1.00 per 15; $5. ‘ Send l'orvc‘ircular

“Vl’iirld's Greatest Eng Machines." SNOMBLA'KL

)OULTRY FARM. Route 1. Grand liaplds. Mich.





rose and singlc combs.

Standard Bred 8- I- “Eds, Eggs either vziricty. $1.50

it $1 pcr 1."). It. C's. at $6 per 100, (lood size. color and

grout wilitcr layers. [lulu-boil ltcd turkeys, show .qunllty.

eggs bill: cacll. World's best (tray African gilcsemizcs (luring.r April

at 75c a: $1 each. Address W. T. Fltith‘Il. llildlnizton. Mich.





ING LE (‘omb Brown Leghorns—«(lne of Michigan‘s

k largest brccdors of the Brown Bcaiity s winnin

at the loading shows. Scnd for catalog With prices an

photos of my birds, Box 324 D. Charles Ruff, St. Clair. Mich.





—S. O. and It. C. Ilhodc Island



FOR SAL Iicd Elms. 15 for $1.00; 50_i'or



82.75; 1001'01‘ $5. BllELL BROS. Ann Arbor. Mich.



—ltl'gs from full blooded. farm rais-



S' C- REDS 0.th lihodc Island Rods. $1.00 per 15.

Mrs. IDA COLE, It. No. 10. Charlotte. Michigan.





ILVER. GOLDEN and “'HI’I‘E WYANDOTTES 100

White. cockorels at. $2 and $3 each. New circular.

after January 15th. C. W. Browning. Portland. Mich.





Strain S. C. W.



Wyckoll and Blanchar 1...... 1......

liaised. 'l‘rzip nested. heavy winter layers. Eggs 10035.

.‘l. 15 $1. F. E. BOSTEDUR. Eaton Rapids. Mich.





' (Ill S. 0. “’hito Ilcghorns.

WhIte Wyalllltllle {Vi-coll. Moore strains. $1.50

per 1:”) or $5 per 100. “’A’l‘EliBl‘ll Y. Cliirkston. Mich.





' ——Notcd for their sizc. vitor and

Willis wyandOlICS our; production. Scnd or cir-

cular. A. FRANKLIN SDIITII. Ann Arbor. Mich.





DOGS.





NED foxhounds and hound pups for hunting

TRAI fox and coons. Also collie_s. Inclose

2-cent stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holmeswlle. Ohio.





'17 WRI E W. J. ROSS. Rochester. .Michigan.

ofgr thosdrbeautiful sable and white Collie Puppies.

of the finest breeding. and from stock workers.





~ d 10 eeks ' at. bargain

For Sale harmed will. Collie Pups

H. M. FERRY 226 Mt. Elliott Ave., Detrott, ich.





; tends to keep them busy, and this is nec-

‘\ essary for growth and best results.





“(‘lcanings in

Bees on the Farm . (mm...





i scratch in.





 





THE “MICHIGAN. FARMER.





~ POULTRYiinBEES





 





 





 





GROWING THE CHICKS.





 





Feeding chicks too soon after hatching

is one of the greatest causes of sick-

ness and loss each year. Do not feed

them until they are 48 hours old. Nature

provides for the chick for this length of

time, and to commence to stuff them with

feed immediately after hatching is to in-

vite trouble. The first thing they should

be provided with is clean, fresh water.

The chill should be taken off if the

weather is cold. If the chicks do not

show an inclination to drink it is a good

plan to dip their bills into the water two

or three times to teach them how, after

which they will help themselves.



Do not use commercial chick feed or

hard grain for the first feed. For the

hrst three or four days give mostly, if not

wholly, soft, ground feed. Old bread,

ground in a food chopper and mixed with

either sweet or sour milk is excellent to

start them. This should not be fed wet.

Rather, squeeze it dry and give in a.

crumbly state. It is easily possible to

give too much at one time. Never feed

more than they will eat up clean. Should

any remain uneaten, remove immediately

to prevent it being trampled on and be-

coming soiled and sour. Feed often and

sparingly. rather than a full feed two or

three times a day. Five times a day is

not; too often to feed them. They do bet-

ter in this way, as they are kept in a.

semi-hungry condition through the day

and always on the lookout'for feed, which





Feed

as early in the morning as possible and

as late in the evening.



After feeding for three or four days on

the stale bread they may be started on

lincly cracked grain and ground feed. I

prci‘cr to feed, almost exclusively for a

week or ten days, pinhead oatmeal in-

stead ol' prepared or commercial chick

feed. This is more expensive, but the

good results derived in extra growth and

the freedom from bowel trouble is well

worth the little extra cost“ It is whole-

some and nourishing. and will be eaten

up clean, with no waste. This should be

fed three times a day and soft feed twice

a day. It is also a good plan to keep dry

bran before them at all times so they can

help themselves at will. They like it and

it helps to keep the bowels in good con—

dition. After this prepared chick feed

may be used.





Conditions Which Promote Rapid Growth.

Cover the floor of brooder or feeding

place with black 10am to the depth of a.

quarter of an inch and over this scatter

clover chaff or sweepings from the hay

loft to serve as litter for the chicks to

This chaff should be from

1/2 to 1 inch deep. Scatter the fine grain

in this and they will be kept busy hunt-

ing for it. Never throw it down in a

pile on the floor so they can pick it up

with little or no exertion if you expect

vigorous, healthy chicks. Have every—

thing clean, and keep the chicks active.

You will be well repaid for your trouble.

The ground food I use consists of equal

parts bran, middlings and corn meal,

thoroughly mixed and fed in a crumbly

state. A little animal meal or fine beef

scraps is occasionally mixed in, but too

much must not be given in the begin:

ning or bowel trouble may result. Pul-

verized charcoal can also be mixed in to

good advantage. Charcoal, placed in ves-

sels and allowed to stand open, will lose

all its valuable properties and prove

worthless. If this method must be used

it is wcll to heat the charcoal frequently

in the oven, as it will then be as good

as when first bought. Fine grit must

also be provider]. This can be placed in

a shallow vessel where the chicks have

access to it at all times. Some brands of

chick feed contain-grit, but I am not in

favor of buying this kind as I don’t pro-

pose to pay chick feed prices for grit that

can be bought for less than a. cent a

pound. .



A good disinfectant is invaluable. I

find permanganate of potassium one of

the best and cheapest. Five cents worth

will last a good—sized flock over a year.

About a teaspoonful of the powder is

dissolved in a. pint of water, which is

then ready for use. Enough of this solu-

tion should be dropped into the drinking

water to give it a good pink color. This

is excellent to prevent bowel trouble and

other diseases. It is placed in the drink-

ing water about twice a. week. Should

the chicks contract bowel trouble give

them boiled rice water to drink in place





 





APRIL 1, 1911.





 





A free catalogue about

‘ a wonderful engine





YOU. expect more from a gasoline engine





than anything else you buy.





We know this, so we build the Olds Gasoline Engine

so you will never be disappointed.

The work you expect the engine to do cannot be done





satisfactorily year after year unless the engine is built of the

very best materials, on the simplest lines, and with the most

painstaking care.





You must go deeper than its looks when you buy it. In

no other engine can you get a record of 30 aears of successful

and satisfactory engine building. N o matter what you pay,

you can get nothing better.



The wonderful Scagcr mixer is found only on an Olds. It gives the

engine the greatest possible power at lowest cost. Always in perfect adjust-

. mcnt, as it has .no moving part.

Removable water jacket, jump

spark ignition, free repairs for

one year—these and other features

shown in our free catalogue you

really should have before buying

any engine. Write for it now.





Seager Engine Works

915 Seager St.

‘ Lansing. - Michigan.





 





OLDS ENGINE/

.0h SKIES~FCU|P°ED WlTH [I

IHOPPER ’

JACKEI



lMAfiNETO.

3&PULLEY‘>\





 





 





 





 





 





:I: I: I}! 33%"<19:J§.’:;t

on





I ’ I i ‘ l ll [by





'p (n

T . - l'l

LJILJ .L»





.— r.- I“,





l

I

Davenport Bar» at Lenoir, N. 0., roofed with NEFDNSET Paroi'd





Weather Insurance





Rain or snow, if they find even a small crack in

your roof, can do almost as much damage as a fire. '





NEPDNSET





Paroid Roofing





gives absolute protection against storm. NEPDNSET Paroid Roofing

cannot leak. It has proved it in every climate under every condition

for a great many years.





Write for Book of Plans of Farm and Poultry Buildings





F. W. BIRD & SON, 189 Neponset St, East Walpole, Mass.

Eitab/iihrd I795. Originator: of Complete Read} Roofing: and Waterproof Building Paper:

NewYork,Wasliington, Chicago, Portland, Ore., San F rancisco, Hamilton, Ont.,Winnipeg, Montreal, St. John

MILLS: East Walpole. Mass.; Norwood. Mass; Phillipsdale, R. 1.; Hamilton. Ont.; Pont Rouge. Quebec





 





 





$948 Profit from 4 Acres





3 CROPS A YEAR WITHOUT WEARING OUT SOIL

An Alabama farmer planted four acres of land in Irish potatoes. They netted him

$468—or $117 an acre. He then planted the same four acres in sweet potatoes which

netted $480. Total. $948 Profit on Four Acres of Land. which yielded in addition a

thrifty forage crop.





Come Now and See Such Crops Growing While Your land is Still Frost-Bound





Learnwhat the energetic Northern farmer can

do in a country where there averages 312 work-

ing days a year. No long winters to tax your

resources—and land so rich that you can raise

three crops 3 season without wearing it out.



Banner Cross Country of the United States—

There is ten months’ good pasturage during

the year. Stock thrives on grazing alone:

there is always abundant water. no drouths

and no blizzards. You don't need costly barns

for winter housing-you needn't spend time

apd than? raising feed to carry your stock (1 h



roug t e w nter. an t e winters no colder than N o h



Send for Our Booklets and mid hundreds of Octobers. 't 56?





G. A. PARK, Gen'l lmmlgrstlonsnd Industrial Act" Louisville a Nashville R.R..Room_256 LouivaIIeJCy.





   





letters giving the actual experiences of men

who have left the high-priced land and rigorous

climate of the North for the fertile lands of

Tennessee. Mississippi. Alabama, Georgia and

Western Florida.



LOW ROUND-TRIP RATES are in effect the

first and third Tuesdays of each month. Your

opportunity to see this beautiful blooming re-

gion while your farm is still in Winter’s grip.

and learn what great profits can be made on

even a few acres in the Great Central South

where the summers are not oppressive





 





r





. F Bee Supplies and Berry Baskets.

lllvos, Secllons, climb Foundation. Smokers, etc. Berry Baskets} Crates.





We can save you freight expense. and make prompt shipments,

Send for catalog. Will quote low prices on large quantities.





M. It. liUN'l‘ l5 SON, 110 Condit St., Lansing, Mich.





   

 





'F





 





”.9 ,





 





starffi“ :-.





.4





 





 





meow %% we a“
r

.4





i: ‘vww





 





 





’ 'WW-rfifiwfivfl‘





 





 





l7

.





 

 

 





' scratch feed the same as the older fowls.





APRIL 1, 1911,.





of the regular drinking water. This I

have found beneficial. . -

Keep the chicks tree from lice. They





cannot grow well and fight lice at the

same time. After they are well feathered

out giVen them a dusting once a month

with Persian insect powder, which is a

cheap and efficient preparation. _



Do not let them out on the cold, damp

ground of early spring until they are at

least a few weeks old. Keeping them on

a. board floor in a room into which sun-

light may be admitted is far better. Keep

them supplied with green feed while con-

fined indoors. Sprouted oats is excellent

for this purpose, but under no circum-

stances give it to them after it has com-

menced to mold. Alfalfa meal is also

excellent. This may be mixed with the

soft feed. Onions, chopped fine, are also

relished. Raw potatoes, ground fine, are

likewise beneficial.



When the chicks are large enough to

take whole grain they may be given the





It is not advisable, however, to feed

young and old fowls together, as the older

chickens, being larger and stronger, will

be sure to prevent the youngsters from

getting their share.



The young stock must be kept growing

all the time. Equal parts of bran, mid-

dlings and corn meal, thoroughly mixed

together by moistening with either sweet

or sour milk, is one of the best rations

to promote growth and frame. Skim-milk

kept before them in vessels is also ex-

cellent. They like it and thrive on it. It

should not be given to the exclusion of

water, however, as they must be con-

stantly supplied with clean, fresh water.

In warm weather a scum usually forms on

the inner surface of the drinking vessels,

therefore scald them well several times

a week. 0. E, HACHMAN.





 





UNITING WEAK COLONIES.





 





In going over the colonies of bees with

a View to putting them in condition for

the season's work, some weak ones are

pretty sure to be found no matter what

the method ofvwintering has been. To

bring these up to the desired strength it

Will be necessary to reduce the number

of colonies by so uniting the weak ones

as to give each hive retained in the

apiary sufficient bees to at least hold out

the promise of a prosperous season for

each and every colony.



In thus uniting weak

facts must be kept in mind. First, bees

have a homing instinct, or an instinct

that directs them to their home no mat-

ter where they are. If the two colonies

to be united are some distance apart in

the apiary, one should be gradually mov-

ed to the side of the other, a few inches

at a time, thus gradually accustoming

them to their new location. Or they

should be thoroughly Smoked and shaken

before uniting to cause them to locate

their new position. Then after having

united them a board leaned over the front

of the hive, or brush or weeds thrown in

front, for the bees to bump against when

leaving will aid in causing them to locate

their new position. Second, all swarms

have a. distinctive hive odor. It is by

this means that the bees of one hive dis-

tinguish those of another. This smell

must be disguised in uniting colonies.

This is generally done by thoroughly

smoking both swarms while uniting. A

little tobacco used with the other smok-

ing material will aid in this, but too much

tobacco will stupefy the bees and cause

damage.



Kill or remove the weakest queen and

unite the swarms as above suggested. It

is always safest to cage the queen you

retain for a day or two to prevent bees

from the other hive from killing her. An-

other method of disguising the odor is

that of placing one of the colonies on top

of the other, with wire mosquito netting

between, for several days. after which

the hive odor of the two is the same. Kill

or remove the queen from the upper coi-

ony before placing on top and the mem-

bers of that colony will then be ready to

accept the queen of the other. After sev-

eral days simply shake the bees from the

top hive into the bottom one, after smok-

ing both hives'thoroughly.



Ogemaw Co. H. B. FULLER.





colonies two





Diseased Liven—A Monroe Co. reader

reports his hens very fat and dying of

liver trouble; he says postmortem exam-

inations show the liver to be twice its

natural size and spotted. This case is

very similar to one treated in our issue

of Feb. 18, in which it was stated that

the trouble is due to close confinement

and heavy grain feeding. Reduce the

grain ration, vary the diet by giving

roots and green stuff, and feed some

meat scrap, green cut bone or skim-milk-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





Big News For





The famous Bede City Incubator wins the “Tycoo” Cup Contact our machines

. rooting 2 to 5 times as much—making it the Double World’s Champion.

winner raised over 97 % of the chicks. ORDER NOW—Get in the champion clan of





chicken raisers.





Order Direct From





others did business a: you do there would

That ’s mypolicy. You take no risk. Read





$7-5-I-5- Bu s





today, the easiest way. by postal or letter. I tell you the



prices right here—and how my machines are made.

have 30 01-60 days’ trial on both incubator

and brooder-and I'll send all money back

if you return the machines to us as un-

satisfactory. Be sure to send for my

illustrated, free booklet, “Hatching Facts."

_But, iii in a hurl-gt, you arfe perfectly sage In b t d

In or ermg rig now rom t iis a .

Thousands do this way every year. cu a ors an

guarantee to ship all ordcn‘sent from this ad on day received—(from

warehouse nearest you, freight repaid.) No disappointments.





WHY PAY MORE? Investigate—send your name and address





You can





 





 





140-Chick Belle City Broader Only $4.50





to get early start. IV. S. Reynolds, Avon, M ass" says.- “My first Belle City hatch

was 76% BETTER THAN the highest priced machine made which stood alongside.

Host nothing by ordering direct from your ad. Count on me for4 to 8 machines. If





for "HA TCHING FA C TS”-FREE. J. v. ROHAN. President Belle City Incubator Company.





i914OJ-Egg

— Incubator

$4.50 Buys the Best Brooder





Both Incubator and Broader, Ordered Together

-—Cost You Only »$ 1 1.50—Freight





Order a Complete 140-

Cllick Belle City Hatching

Outfit.





BELLE CITY





other incubator manufacturer in the world—that's why we do so





 





 





(27) 403 ‘





INCUBATOR

BUYERS





And the





This Advertisement





not be much trouble in the business world. ”

remarkable offer below. Then order or send





 





 





Ever

Made





We Sllip Quick from >

Buffalo, Kansas City. '

St. Paul or Racine





140-Egg T7

Belle City

Incubator





Only $7.55





   

   





repal





 

     





Send only $11.50 for both Incubator and Brooder

—freight prepaid when ordered

together. You’ll surely need the breeder,

too. So make the savings. Satisfaction

Guaranteed or money back. No risk, how~

ever you order. The editor of this paper

knows me to be responsible—I‘ve adver.

tised in this paper for many years and treat





Brooders ..

' my customers liberally.





I’ve always given my customers more for their money than any





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





much business.



Belle City Incubators will hatch more chickens—under

the same conditions—~tllan any other incubator made, or

your money will be refunded. This lguarantee. Double

walls~dead air space all over—copper tank and boi er—

hot-water beaten-best regulator—deep. roomy nursery-

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that's anygood on an Incubator—all in the Belle City, High-

grade thermometer—egg tester—burner and safetylamp in-

cluded. The Belle City Broodet is the only one having

.- double walls and dead air spaces. I guarantee it to I'll 2

‘ more healthy chicks than any other Broader made. ti :t-

‘ water top hear-large, roomy, wire runway yard, With

‘ platform—metal safety lamp and burner.





‘ Complete Hatching Outfit Only $11.50





Over 50,000 machines in use—all doing perfect work.

The Belle City should be your choice. Send your order

now or send postal for "Hatching Facts" booklet and full

particulars. Don't pay more than my price. No maChlnes,

at any price, are better hatchers or brooders.



J. V. ROHAN, President



BELLE CITY INCUBATOR COMPANY



Box . Racine. Wis.





 





-Length..



C 0 ST . of bervicel

Considered



LESS Twenty years of usefulness means much in a





wagon, yet thousands of Studebakers have

reached that age, yes, and we know of hundreds

that have been in use, for twenty—five or thirty

years, and ofa number that are nearing the halt

century mark. .. K

Consider-this when you buy a wagon. If it's a

Studebaker it’s a lifetime investment. Repair bills are

practically unknown. It's built right in the beginning-

Another thing. You can buy a Studebaker right at

home—you can satisfy yourself as to its strength, its

easy running quality, its beauty, before you investa

penny. We have thousands of dealers in this coun-

try who w111.gladly point out to you in person its

superior merits—who will guarantee’and. beresponr,

Sible for your purchase. ' ..

We want you. to know our dealer in your neigh-

' ' - ~ ~ ‘ borhood. Drop us a.

line so we can send

, you his name and ad-

,dress. ' Then let him





 

 





 





Largest Vehicle, Manual

f‘acturer in the world.



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'Adv. No. 1430





 

 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





show you why a Studebaker costs

less than any other wagon. length of.

service considered.





With the dealer’s name, we willsend you our ,

booklet, “The Farmer‘s Friend." It tells you

why our slope shoulder spokes make strongest

wheels; why our wheels give uniform satisfaction;

how we construct our gears; why our skeins are prac-

tically indestruttibie.





. It tells you how we treat our timber; where we get

it and the kind we use; how we test our paints and

oils., It gives facts about “Studebaker Quality"

and. “Studebaker Methods” and carries you

step by step through the making of a Stude

baker wagon.





The Studebaker Corporation





South ”Bend, "Indiana,





 





 





FREE-PoultryGuide





 





 





 

 





 





to balance the starchy grain food.





 





 





 

 





 





1 4o EGG mcumon





 

 

   





 





 





 

   





   

   





 

   





m - l25 Egg Incubator

“Profitable Poultry Raisin _n 212 I8 W . _ Both

il‘lusltrated. Practical, uldegto the incl-asters: 2:: ‘ and Broader ‘nd .140 CHICK BROODER

a so tells why you I succeed the best with " ' --_ gkfifgffifab‘fié'. Both$ 1 o

OYPHERS..!:°:'.':::‘E:.. ‘ r m .l m WM?” ..

The . ' ml 3 with as stos and go vonlz

_gu:::n';g:itu$}ftgpgggipgle continuous butchers Xgfifé‘figggfiggga' $3133.33? East of Iron: has triple Walls, copper tank;

c II I I}. e 90 book-NOW. describes them. Send for lt today the ROCKIES nursery; egg tester. thermometer. mad

yp on non tor eo- DOM-35 Buffalo. fl.\'. ' to use. 30 Days' Trial — money back _ .

no. “1‘11!!! City magma-30,1". Mom,“ WIoconoln Incubator 60.. '- if not 0. 1:. Write for Free Catalog today. ~

' ' 8‘1"““m” ““9“: on. 30! 128. Racine. Wlo- Ironclad Incubator 00., Dept. 65 Bacine.Wis. 9
.asnux.





. h... W_‘.a «A... .





I





404 128»





 





‘HORTICULTUREi





.and peaches, some no fillers at all.





YYVVVYYYYYVYVVVYVVYYYVY





 





 





AAAAAAAA‘AAAAAAAALAAAAA—A





LAYING OUT THE ORCHARD.



Few planters agree on any one plan of

laying out orchards as -being the best for

all cases, and the opinion of tne planter is

likely to change as his orchard becomes

large unless he is familiar with the or-

chard operations as conducted in mature

orchards set after his favorite plan.

There are so many things that enter into

the problem that it is useless to lay any

hard and fast rule. Some may desire

permanent apple trees with filler apples

between, some may prefer peaches or

plums as fillers, some both filler apples

Some

prefer the “square method of setting,

some the rectangular, and some the tri-

angular, and there are many modifica-

tions of each of these, which when com-

bined with various filler systems make an‘

endless variation of plans and systems.‘

Then again the treatment and culture

that is to be given to the orchard and the

kind of soil and contour of the surface

will have a bearing on the method of

planting. A method which might prove

desirable with a mulch system might not

be best for cultivation. One which would

be desirable on a level field might not be

best for a side hill. One which would be

satisfactory under a method of restric-

tion by pruning might not prove best for

trees allowed to grow at will or to attain

their fullest size.



There are several objects to be attained

in the platning of all orchards, among

which are:



1. A, distance apart which will give

plenty of room for top and root develop—

ment and convenience in culture, spray-

ing, and harvesting.



2. A plan by which the most trees can

be placed on an acre at a given distance

apart, and still allow of convenience in

orchard operations.



3. .An arrangement by which the or-

chard will begin to produce, in part at

least, at the earliest possible time, in

other words, a filler system.



\s for distance apart, this will depend

much upon the soil and the variety, but

for such large growing sorts as Spy,

Baldwin, Greening, Stark, Russett, King,

Snow, and others, I believe that 45 feet

is about right. \Ve began planting 36

feet for permanent tnees, then 40, and

last season adopted 45 feet as the dis-

tance apart for large growing permanent

trees. This distance is based upon ob—

servations in old orchards planted at all

distances apart, and we find that 40 feet

is not an uncommon spread of branches

for a large tree. If all the trees were of

this size only five feet would be allowed

between branches, which distance is nec-

essary to a proper coloring of the fruit

and to economical orchard operations. It

is likely that at this distance the roots

interlace so the food problem and mois-

ture problem is also pertinent. Smaller

growing trees may be planted closer, but

as~a.ru1e the small growing apples are

also early maturing and may be used as

fillers between the permanent trees;



As for a convenient plan which will

give the most trees per acre at a given

distance apart, 1 will give a specimen of

the “square,” “rectangular,” and “trian-

gular" methods, each arranged for fillers.

These plans can be modified both as to

distance and kind and arrangement of

fillers, or the fillers or at least the secon-

dary fillers, can be omitted in each case

if desired.



Fig. 1 is an illustration of the “square”

method of setting. Permanent apple

trees are indicated on all figures by a

large circle, primary fillers by S, and

secondary fillers by X. It will be noted

that the permanent trees comprise every

second tree in each alternate row, and

are equal in number to the primary fill-

ers, which may also be of an early ma-

turing, small growing variety of apple,

such as “'agner or \Vealthy. The secon-

dary fillers, if used. may be peach or

plum, and will number as many as the

primary fillers and permanent trees to-

gether. This plan works out very satis-

factorily for a small home orchard and is

probably the most common in commercial

orchards. It is convenient for cultivation

and other orchard operations if the trees

are placed far enough apart, but is not

as economical of space as the triangular

plan. If the permanent trees are placed

40 feet apart, bringing the fillers 20 feet,

this plan will allow for about 109 trees

to the acre.



Fig. 2 is a plan which might be called





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN, PARMER.‘





a type of the “rectangular method.” The

trees are farther apart one way than the

other, the intention being to give plenty

of room~ to drive through the orchard one

way when the trees are mature. It is

advisable to have these wider rows run

north and south to allow the sun to get

at both sides of the tree. The secondary

fillers stand closest to the permanent

trees and may come out first. These

would preferably be peach or some short

lived tree. The primary fillers next to the

permanent trees can be removed next,

leaving those in the center of the squares

until last. This plan allows of three

stages of removal of fillers against two

for the preceding one. It admits of about

110 trees per acre, about the same as the

preceding plan, if permanent trees are

placed 45x35 feet apart.



Fig 3 shows a modification of the tri-

angular plan which we used last year and

will use in adding to this orchard this





 





O X 0 X 0

X S X S X

0 X 0 X 0

X S X S X

0 X 0 X 0

Fig. 1. Square Plan.

0 X . O X 0

X S X S X

0 X 0 X 0

X S X S X

0 X 0 X 0

Fig. 2. Rectangular Plan.

0 X S X S X 0

X S X 0 X S X





0 X S X S X 0



X S X 0 X S X



0 X S X S X 0

Fig. 3. Triangular Plan.





O-—Permanent Tree.

X—l’rimary Filler.

S—«Secondary Filler.





spring. The permanent trees are 45 feet

apart, which brings them about 26 feet

from the primary fillers and 13 feet from

the nearest secondary filler. The secon-

dary fillers are peach. This is rather

close, but if past experience is a criterion

there will be no peach trees left in six

to eight years as they will go out with

the yellows, and as they are 221/2 feet the

long way they will not crowd in this

time. If only apples were to be set the

secondary fillers should be omitted. This

would then be like a mulch culture or-

chard we have on a side hill except that

the permanent trees are 40 feet apart.

The plan as illustrated admits of about

140 trees per acre with permanent trees

45 feet apart. The secondary fillers might

have been set in the centers of the tri-

angles which would make them farther

from the other trees, but were set in the

rows for ease of cultivation, as this gives

221/; foot rows one way and small fruits

or hoed crops can be grown in these rows

for a few years.



As stated before, there are many modi-

fications of these plans, but they illus-

trate the three types, one of which in

some form should be adapted to the needs

of every planter.





Calhoun Co. S. B. HARTMAN.





 





SOME TIMELY GARDEN QUESTIONS.





 





I expect to grow tomatoes and string

cans for a canning factory and per-

haps, sweet corn, cucumbers and cabbage

also. If so, space for the home supply





 





of vegetables will be limited. While we





have a variety of soil, we shall haveto "

_use for this latter purpose, light 88-11le





ground, and for the most part plant in

long rows. (8.) for peas would you ad-

vise plowing early in March and culti-

vating each week until ready to sow?

(b) is an old pasture good for carrots and

stock beets? How would you treat it?,

(c) with long rows and only small quan-|

titles of certain vegetables required, what

will go nicely together? (d) what earlyI

vegetables may be planted together, ma-

turing about the same time so that the

ground can be cleared for later crops?

(e) what vegetables may be grown in an

old orchard plot, plowed for the first

time last year? (1') what vegetables are

unharmed by chickens? (3) what vege-

tables require well rotted manure, and

what will thrive with fresh? (h) are

all vegetables benefited by hand-hoeing,

and what will thrive by horse cultivating

alone? (i) will late varieties of cabbage

do for summer use if planted early, and

will early varieties do for winter?

Vayne Co.. SUBSCRIBER.





(a) Plow just as early as possible and

work thoroughly until ready to sow. The

warm springlike weather will admit of

early sowing, but use the smooth sorts

as Alaska, Earliest and Best, etc., for

first sowings and the wrinkled varieties

for later. (b) The old pasture will doubt-

less do fairly well for the carrots and

stock beets, but ought to be plowed deep

and early. Work often up to sowing





time then disk both ways and as deeply





as possible, finishing off with fine tooth

harrow. One year of previous culture and

cropping would have been preferable. (c)

For early use, lettuce, radishes, onion

sets, early beets and turnips, may be

planted in same row for late use, beets,

carrots, parsnips, turnips and rutabagas

will go well together. (d) For this pur-

pose use the quickest growing varieties

of peas, radishes, lettuce, beet greens,

etc. The peas will require an early start.

(e) This question‘depends chiefiy on the

condition of the trees. If large and

thrifty so that they shade the ground

and tax the soil heavily, a paying crop

of anything could hardly be expected. If





 

 





 





not too shady or heavily taxed a fair

crop of corn or potatoes maybe grown.

Other vegetables in general will not be

likely to succeed very well. (f) If you

mean small chickens, they will do very

little harm to any vegetables. Older

fowls will do very little damage after-

crops are well up, provided they have

large range and plenty of grass available.

VV'hen peas, corn and tomatoes begin to

mature they will not be ..welcome visi-

tors. (g) Generally speaking, well rotted

manure is best for all truck crops, but it

Is not always available. Green manure

is unsafe for practically all of the root

crops and especially those of deep growth

habit. However, all the vine crops, cab-

bage, corn, etc., will do well, and for

mulching in dry weather all crops will

be beneficial. (b) There is no truck

crop within the range of our knowledge

that will not thrive better under a vigor-

ous use of the hand hoe. However, with

the weeders and wheel hoes started in

time and judiciously used much of the

hand work will be eliminated from all

crops. Corn and potatoes, perhaps, re-

time and judiciously used much of the

other crops. (i) You could not depend

on late varieties of cabbage for early use

for while they will grow all right they

will not mature in time. The early sorts,

if planted to mature late in autumn will

keep all right, but it is better to use

each in its regular season.

Some Fruit Questions.





(1) What can be grown in an old pear

orchard where more than half of the

trees are dead? (2) If currant bushes

are moved can the roots be divided? (3)

Are grapes self-fertile? A few of my

vines do not bear though I see no reason

for it.



(1) Grub out the stumps of dead trees

and fit the ground thoroughly. Almost

any crop will doubtless do fairly well, as

corn, potatoes, peas or root crops. I

should prefer to plant to those crops that

will be rowed sufficiently wide to culti-

vate with horse. (2) Remove all the dead

wood from the currant bushes, and divide

as much as possible without injuring the

roots. Fertilize with wood ashes or ma-

nure of any kind for quick results. Coal

ashes or coarse mulching will be good

for permanent effect. (3) In so far as I

know, grapes are fertile. However, in

all plant and vegetable life we sometimes

find abnormal specimens or monstrosities

that fail to make good. Prune thoroughly

and fertilize and if they do not show im-

provement, I would cut them back next

spring to within a short distance from the





 





 





 





 





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wholesale prlooo. We pay lrolght.





 





 





lHE HRUSTPIUATO on unearth spilt.

This Machine

Sprays Anything





Potatoes, orchards, vineyards, truck, etc. ..

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High pressure from big wieel. Pushes ?

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prevents blight, scab, rot and ugs.

Double. your crop. Brass bafl-valveS,

brass plunger, strainer, etc. Guaranteed

lor 5 years. .





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Wlthoul q-oont-In-advanoo. Too! lhooo

sprayer: With your money in your pocket,

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extra prom. Don’t pay the deal-

er’s profit, but order dlroot from

us and et wholesale prloos. The

Hurst oroo-Powor Sprayer

(shown below) is for large fruit,

grape and Potato growers. “No

tree too big), no field too My for

this king of Sprayers." nuqm

Barrel Sun or fits any barrel or tank.

Furnished p ain, on barrel or on wheels.

High pressure, perfect agitation, easy to

operate. Brass ball valves, plun er,

automatic strainer, etc. Write to- ay



and tell us which



7; machine you are in-

§ terested in—and you'll

', got our Catalog of all-

inds-of-sprayers ($3

to$Ioo), Spraying-

gnidc, and ecial

lroo oprayor 0 er for

A first in each locality ;«

., this season. Do it ‘





Hurst Mfg. Co.





245 North 51.. Canton, Ohio





SPRAY YOIIR Fllllll TREE

nun IllllEs -





Destroy the fungi and worm

and thus be sure of urge yields 0

perfect fruit.

- Excololor Spruylnz



- ”Outfits and

Prepared Mlxtms

are used in large orchards

and highly endorsed by sno-

oeesfnl growers. Write _for our

mone -savm catalog. which also

contains a. fu I treatise on spraying

Fruit and Vegetable crops.

WM. STAHL SPRA YER 00.,

Box 1083. Quincy, Ill.





   





mnz|-:‘





 





AF-





.gv





 

 

 

 





"L'Vlnn-Am.- r - u





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





st





 





   

 





 





SPRAY Efiau'Tifib‘ig G}: i.

and do whllowuhlng in most e ocluul, economical, '2‘“. P





 

 





npid way. Satisfaction guaranteed. BROWN’S





“AND OR



pow... Auto-Sprays .



No. 1, show]: have, II fitted with Auto-Pop Noulo— .



does work of 3 ordinary opt-yon. Endorsed by E:-



periment Shiloh. and 300,000 othorl. 40 styles and



alzen of hand and power [prayers—also Elena l ,



Ind valuable lproylng guide in our Free ok.



Write pow-.1 now.



THE E. c. BROWN COMPANY

' 324-; SL, Roche-tor, N. I.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





It's a pleasure to make gor-

den the IRON AGE “'A Y—

no back-breaking and ubbing with

‘A an old-fashioned hoe i you hove our

1‘. 4 No. 190 WheelCultivator and Plow. In

/ f3! five minutes you can do work that would

K





T require an hour the old way—that isn't all,

i

I. Cont $3.25. Hos {our attachments.





\I, Jay“ ,4 you do better work and insure bigger crops.

[MN “m“

"A”, Tools





I. t: E v

' WWW" ‘

\ Jr!" ‘5‘

‘ 1 . Include a complete line ofWheel Hoes.

». ' Hond Drills, Fertilizer Distributors, etc.

' Prices, 62.50 to $12.00. A boy or girl can

operate them. Write today for our 75th

Anniversary Catalogue showin also

potato machinery, orchard and

other tools.





BA'I EMAN M’F’G C0.





 

   





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 

   





 





 





ears. Bartlett, Seckel and others.



too, healthy trees. Chen-le- and .



Plums, all best varieties .Peachel,



grown from buds from bearing trees. Also Grape.



and Currantsin any uantity. General big advance



in prices this year ow g to great demand for fruit



trees in northwest. Our ricea have not advanced.



Get wholesale prices direc from us and 81 Lot Oflers.



Save 1} to }. Free Catalog. Write to-day.



W. P. RUPERT J; SON, Box 60, Seneca, N. Yu V '-

Also Breeder: qf Prize Hampshire Sheep ' -; i





 





 





 





 





From ground planted secured .

by use of The KEYSTONE





 





 





ground and thus get an entirely new

growth of wood. Either that or grub

them out next year and replace them

with new plants.





Wayne Co. J. E. MORSE.





POTATO PLANTER than

,by any other m e t h o d of

* planting. Work perfectly ac-

curate. A simple, strong.

durable machine. W M to

‘ ' for CATALOG. price, etc.

A. J. PLATT. MFR.

BOX J , STERLIN
. '-..€,-},ng,w"rji..a ~ -. ,





 





 





 





 





 

 





   

 





. _ ,. , screw“

A‘s-fix?

t- ,Staafic it:





.1 .

.- I,’ , -Z’ L T

' - “I ’- ”I“





lii’ifmmt’f”"*‘“r'niuuru-





Nearly Doubled g,“





the Crop fit,- ‘;





One customer writes:





“I have used your fertil-

izers for the past eight years

with good success and con-

sider them the best I have

ever used. Have found

from repeated experience

that when used on corn they .,

nearly double the trap."





Increase your yield of

Don’t be satisfied if





3‘





’/





 





 

 

 

   





corn. . .

you are not getting 80 to I!" .-

100 bushels per acre. I’ ~ .3





 





will get it for you. The

ears will be fuller, the grams

better developed. ,



Write forfree memorandum

calendar book. Contains val-

uable information onthe sci-

entific growingof grams. veg-

etables. etc. etc.

THE CINCINNATI



_ PHOSPHATE Co.



Station P.





Cincinnati. 0.

Agents wanted in en vicinity.

An opportunity to ma money

during odd hours.





I .





1 4/2 "





 

 





Write as.





new a“





 





GAL-VA-NITE





ROOFING





Comes in rolls ready to lay. Can be

applied by anyone with a knife and ham-

mer. Each roll contains nails and lap

cement, with full instructions.



Can be used on either steep or flat roofs.

On any kind of a building. Cheaper and

easier to lay than shingles.



GAL-VA-NITE is made up of heavy

wool-felt, triple coated on both sides with

pure mineral asphalt, and finished with a

heavy “armor plating" ot flaked mica.

Needs no painting—no after expense.

First cost is last cost.



Get GAL-VA-NITE r00fing from your

lumber dealer. (Look for the sign "Ford’s

Galva Knight)”



If he hasn‘t a stock, write our nearest





1/ office and we will send

figs!»





you “The Inside of An





 

   





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

   





Outside Proposition."





FORD MFG. 00.





St. Paul Chicago st. Louis





 

 





 





 





EVERYBODY

WANTS ONE.

Sells at Sight !





One man does the

Work of two.





AGENTS WANTED





Write for informa-

tion and territory





20th Century Hoe to.

Grand llsplds lllch.





,osurunv no:





 





 





 





 





 





MYERS PLANT NURSERY-Effi‘lfififlst’fi $353.“?





arleties. Illustrated catalogue free. Merrill, Mich.





THE MICHIGAN ‘FARMER.





It has been the writer's experience that

seeds bought at a grocery store are often

defective in quality; and when bought in

bulk, that is, not in any sort of seedman's

wrapper or package, they often prove

untrue to name, being bought for one

particular variety, turn out to be some-

thing different. For example. for two

successive seasons the rutabuga crop of

a certain locality has proved a failure.

The first season the seeds sown by a.

large community of farmers and garden-

ers failed to come up more than a dozen

plants to the square rod. The next sea-

son the seeds came satisfactorily, but

proved to be the common flat, white tur-

nip. All of these things, trifles though

they may appear to others than those

most concerned, are of real consequence

and often of serious damage to the seed

buyer and grower.



The first and most important requisite

to success in any undertaking, is to start

right, and in any branch of agriculture

this means good seed. Then let nothing

stand in the way of obtaining it when

possible. To be Sure, the best of seed

cannot produce satisfactory results unas—

sisted: and on the other hand, the most

painstaking attention to every detail of

planting and tillage, combined with the

best of soil and climate conditions, can-

not produce the desired result unless re-

liable seed is used in the beginning.





Then the question arises, how can

growers be certain of securing good seed?

The writer has always found it perfectly

safe to depend upon seeds ordered from

a reliable seed firm. Any of those, and

there are many, who have built up a

business and reputation through years,

and perhaps generations, of fair dealing,

may safely be depended upon. Those

whose advertisements appear year after

year in the same home and farm papers.

may be trusted for fair dealing.



If you wish to be fair to the seed man

and yourself, order early, and order an

abundant supply. There are some things

beside the early worm, that are secured

by earliness. One is the early vegetable;

and another is the late frost. Against

the later, use all due precautions in the

way of care and shelter for the early

plantlets: but make sure of landing some-

thing, early c' late, by having seed in

readiness for a second or third sowing

if necessary.



It is not necessary to expect all that

the seedman claims for the novelties and

wonders in plant life. Different condi-

tions tend to different results; and the

known and standard sorts are best for a

main crop, although a few novelties arc

wor..- trying and give an additional inter-

est to the season‘s work.



If you do not have a hot—bed

frame for starting curly plants, it is a

very good plan to till several wooden

boxes of a convenient size. with rich soil.





or cold





crop of vegetables





“'isconsin. G. K. LAMBERT.





GROWING GRAPES ON SLOPE.





SECURING GOOD SEED. ".





 





in a sunny window for starting the earlyl





The owner of any buildingr covered

with Congo Rooting is not only satis-

fied with his purchase, but has the

satisfaction of knowing that it is guar-

anteed for 10 years.





That‘s real protection.





Guaranteed Until 1921





(29)





405





 

   





To





Another detail is the nailing.

avoid any trouble from this source. we

provide free of charge. galvanized iron

caps which ill‘t.‘ rust. proof. anthwill last

as long as the roofing.





In every way We protect ourselves





 





Every roof of '2 ply

and 2): ply is

guaranteed in this way.





(hmgu





 





an:





animal 3::





 

 





In every roll of (‘on-

go is a genuine legally

binding Surety Bond

issued by the National





 





 





 





 





can :55: ca





. Guarantee Don





_ hell-I: “am-._n_t—n—h





- Mum

53:.ea-=—-_.==:;-: -—-—n





against the possibility

of a (‘Hlllpiallllh



Send for a copy of

our Guarantee Bond,

and a Sample of Congo

Roofing. The guar-

antee will show you





 





um @0103}!





Von-





 





   





.‘_u-—«-





   

 

 





 





 

 





 





 





One thing; the guarantee forces

upon us; it makes us extremely rare-

ful in nnuinlku‘:uring.



We make doubly sure that every

roll is perfect. We use the

material that. money can buy.





best ;





It. is a perfect imitation of ”.11;





high





'imm‘h‘, 0th

its surface. has at

The :prlcn i4 aerv low.





['pu-tnifr

1'





polish,





Surety Coilipaiiy or what :1 real legal root'-

New York. IIILI qua ‘untec looks like.

This Vour w,- will The sample :inIl the

V ’ ‘" ’i - l I‘\ v

guarantee thousands of ”WM“ “1”“; Vii" 011‘

_&‘-h _ A 7' ~‘ :4 v. .|

font}; a” over ([110 (5|)llll- m CIDSL “lirl. IN! “III. Ttii

“‘Y to last till 1921 on - . you lllul‘L' zip-mt Congo

‘. . I h‘ “

this basis. “05mm, of 10 Yam. Bond 1- wring.

i ' - "v \ ' \ - - ' . ' .‘ , I

(n mum w .110. not gonigt-o lose I CONGOLEUM

—-We are offering a sure thing, as i W 1m H ”l t l l . 1 _

‘i ‘ n.{ 43 ' WU!" 'n c 1' r 4

(’onoo will I'HI‘ more than 10 years. I k 1" (.3 " 0” ‘ 3 L“ “1‘“ -”

., - . ..- . , 3 DJDt‘l' a sample, of I'ongoleuili. lr, L“ min-I for

illom‘s and walnscoting in lllllltix. storm.

I





‘YX'I'H





 





durable.





‘wlniplus.





UNITED ROOFING & MFG. CO.





1 Philadelphia, Chicago, Kansas City, San francisco





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





llunish ‘si-ub.’ ‘blzu-k—leg’ all

No skill or ifxpt‘l‘lt‘llt‘t‘ nwwfiury

slight. lindorwnl by If. 5. Dept

m»;- booklut which gives full ii

uses to whirl; l5-u'nnil-lehyilo—th

put about 1h.- lwuw and farm.





TREAT YOUR SEED POTATOES

WITII FORMALOENYOE is It?





the modern, inexpensive metlnul—disinlei-i. wirl, l’vu'inzlldonyd-i





PERTH ANBOY ONiEMIOAL OONPIN’!





100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK





 





i:l kindred crop ti‘}.~‘il"\'lyt.‘l.~‘ by



in applying—the expczw: is bu:

. of Agriculture. Send today in

istrurrtmns r‘onrerninglln‘ many

is lttNt 0t zlll tilsilll‘et't-ultis— m; Ere





 





 





 





 





 





ALFALFA-‘pl'lllllllll‘llllll 250





 





 





\ltould it be good business, on a slope

SUI)JGCC to wash. to terrace and

grapes-1' I suppose that if grapes were:

planted across the lines of slope the till-3

age would tend to form terraces. If. as;

in my case, part of the hill land tends to

a grzivelly clay loam, would that be good

for grapes? In general tillage. would it;

not hr-lp materially to retard or prevent<

washlng to draw light furrows across the

line of slope every 20 or 30 feet?



Ixent Co. Sunscmnnn. I



’l‘erracing a hillside often is an expen-‘

sive undertaking. Local conditions would

determine the feasibility of the plan. lfj

the slope is rather gentle it can be grad—l

ually terraced by careful cultivation;

across the slope, working the soil so {is1

to form level steps and thereby retard

the rush of water down the incline dur-

ing freshcts. The drawing of light fur-

rows across the slope would serve to pre—

vent washing. The plan of cultivation as

suggested in the inquiry would conserve

moisture by giving it a chance to soak

into the ground and there store it for

later use by the vines. Gravelly clay

loam is not an objectionable soil to

grapes, in fact, it is well adapted to their

growth.





 





Judgment must be used

the orchard. Where one is using com-

mercial fertilizers and has only a few,

trees he is apt to over-feed them. Ten}

pounds of nitrate of soda to ad applel

tree, (where there are thirty trees to the

acre), means 300 lbs. per acre. Amateurs

often put on twenty pounds expecting

twice as large benefits, but generally they

are worse than disappointed.





 





in fertilizing





 





 





 





plant ;





‘ Urani- Ln .

‘ His best .mw .tw:





Have. been growing surcnsel‘ulh R Hull‘s pi‘ndrn'inu

to «I cuttings per Your 100 lb. ~ilt'liri at we, lnr Ice»;

than L'.- ton lots: L; ton or over. one. per 100 ll). numb"

All l'. 0. I) vars Forest Ilrovv. (‘nn furnish be‘st oi

rct'erenceba in} neighbors and others including l olon

(l. Lillie, also .1. Sninllegan our Merchant. Hudson,

ville, . ' ' . No, ii, ti. Tut-cum. Ollrfillht‘l‘Ylifil‘.

Hudsonrille, Mich. it. it. No. 3. Send 0th with order-

Address. .\. BUS. ll. F. I). No. 3 Hudsonrlllc, :NIll‘Il.





Trim Your Trees from The Ground,





 





. _.,_ 7777777 , .

the. [deal :lmw-r'ii pruning saw.

Lcllllllg nichzirrlists Use them. his-h of

with l‘lfllll. :llI'I twelve feet. hun Il-,‘-t Hun

N, It H. of Muir, Min-l: . llat?‘ the Ideal Haw ill Ills fortv

um‘ourrhiiz-l anl w-nshhu‘s lil~'lll :I ll iun-I of the fruit :rou‘ ‘rs.

IDEA]. Plil'NlMl SAW 00.. Webster. N. \'.. Agents \‘Jillltn'l.

Write fur prim and mrx‘ul'ir

Will. i. STIII’I'II, Mun, “It‘ll.





Ily min:

bur >.l\‘l‘i.





 

 





:36.





‘Hall- (gr-Ill K. I". II.





1' -- . The Berlin Quart Our Specialty 3





A WHITE package \"Illt‘l. inwr --

\- highest prlcw for jvmr fruit

Write for Illi‘l catalog slzowuu



oul‘ r'unplete Illlt‘JlllII serum) \' "il‘



BASKETS. “RATES. I‘Z'I'V . ‘ll

WINTER DIST'OUNTS



TITO BERLIN FRUIT BOX 00.

Berlin Heights. Ohla.





Regeneratod Sweedish Select Gate:

and Odorbrucker Barley. I





; Large. meat) oats, free from rust or smut, not a drop i

. of rain touched these oats after they were cut.





Pure.

recleaned seed in lots of 3 to 6 bushels, _90 cents; over I

t} bushels 80 cents. ()derbrucker Barley is u pedigreed, I

hardy. heavy yielding variety. $1.15 per bu; all sack

free.





—Enrly Yellow Dent

Seed Corn and this For Sale 00..., Regnnmmd

Swedish Select. Golden Fleece and National Oats.

The best varieties. Write for samples. rims and

circular. F. A. BYWA'I‘ER. Memphis. .Michigan,



are the





(iorlon's Reigeneraled Swedish Solaclflals BEST

760 per bu. . J. M. KING. Rural 4, Ypsilanti. Mich.



—5COB . h l, .

FOR SAL bruoi‘ef €11.83 321%?" (”85.

Green Mountain Seed Potatoes. 500 bu. Silver King

Seed Corn. 5 car oads Pure Bone Fertilizer, Grain





drills. and corn and potato planters. E. H. Hut h‘ .

Phone 106.) Box 108, Clayton. Lenawee 00., Micglégb





No Climbing. -





T. V. HICKS, Battle Creek, Mich. I





IDON’T BUY FERTILIZERS





.. w and pay tum-y prices. With the simpledirections





:u'.‘ Irlyc you, .ml with no 0’ 4 t' ' ' -

“Hr-31‘ \d h“ :. W l ' , [htl‘ .tml.‘ man .1.

n. -t .l-l. t.. till. tom. Mm (-21.11





MIX YOUR OWN





at half the cost. For full iui'ornm;i n: a n .

tiselnent Herman lx'nll Works. on page ;itid. (mu-X

THE BARTLETT COMPANY,

STATE AGENTS. JACKSON, MICH





TNE OLIPPER





There are three things

that destroy your In Win.

Dun-lulinns, liuck l’llin-

min and t‘rub Urn“: in

one sa-atmn the t Illlltt‘l'

will drive them all on:





, CLIPPER LAWN MOWER to.

“r DIXON. ILLINOIS.





PLANT HARDY TREES





Healthy, acclimated, high grade. true to label fruit trees

and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices, direct

from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.





GELERY CITY NURSERIESI [less El Knumzool Mica.

—100.000 E .

PEACH TREES m, We“;





Crawfor

etc. Catalo free. we . .

W-A. ALL N a: s ODBINE NURSERIES.





ONS. Geneva, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘ and Get the Best

Buy DECCt SDVC money Peach Trees. fine at

$.00 per hundred. Apple. 100; Cherry Re. All kinds

of Trees and Berry lants. Cheap. Catalog free.

ERNST NURSERIES. Box 1. Moscow.





 





L RUE CATALPA spec. AND BL. LOCUST.

; T $3 per 1.0%. 3% 10.0“). II forest trees and ever-

, greens cheap. Cate. T. G. BROSIUS, Tltfln, Oblo-





HOLESALE PRICE ‘





0

Our Strawberry, Rnuohorry. Blackberry. Gooseberry,

Curr-M. Ann-noun and cup. Plants. Heavy Rooted.

High and. Stock- 10th Annual Catalogue I'm-

A. I. WESTON I 00.. R. I. Bridgman. Mlclolonn.



new Blackberry





FOR SALE—‘2?“ E. Co. mode at





$8.00 per M. 1.000.000 Strawberry Plants at .00 per M.

W. M. YARIGER, St. Johns. Michigan.
.zrvryzglii s»- .





 





 





 





406 (so)





SCHEDULE FOR SPRAYING APPLE

ORCHARDS.



To answer a number of queries sent

to The Farmer office we publish the fol-

lowing information in reply to same and

also for the benefit of a host of our other

readers who may be spraying for the

first time this year and those who may

not have used the spray pump to its

fullest possibilities in previous seasons.



First Spray.



This application should be made as

late _as possible before the buds start,

and should be applied thoroughly. Use

a strong solution of lime-sulphur wash,

either home—made, such as was recently

described in these columns, or the com-

mercial solutions which are upon the

market at reasonable prices and which

are more convenient to handle than the

home-made product. This wash is es-

pecially desirable if San Jose scale is

present as that pest will ruin the trees

in a few years unless checked. Also, this

spray will control the scuri‘y-scale.



Second Spray.



The time for this spray is just before

the blossoms open, when the pink of the

blooms is apparent. YVherc large or-

chards are to be sprayed it is necessary

to begin on the varieties that blossom

earliest, or if all come about the same

time to begin just before the ideal time

so thatvthe entire orchard is covered be-

fore the blossoms are too far along. Use

either Bordeaux mixture, made after one

of the standard formulas, or dilute lime-

sulphur mixtures. Mix a poison with the

sprays for controlling the bud—moth and

the canker worms should they be known

or suspected to be present. The Bor-

deaux or lime-sulphur sprays are em-

ployed at this time for combatting the

apple scab, canker, and diseases of the

leaves; but some growers find that where

they have applied the strong lime-sulphur

wash, as directed in preceding paragraph,

that this second spray is not necessary;

however, if one is out for the best fruit

he would be wise to take this extra pre-

caution, especially wherc the canker-

work is present.



. Third Spray.



“hen the blossoms have fallen and the

stamens have dried and withered, the

third application should be given the

trees. t'se the same solutions as for

spray number two. About the same in—

sects are to be controlled, together with

the tussock—moth, codlin-moth and other

eating insects which are controlled by the

poison incorporated with the Bordeaux

or the dilute lime-sulphur solutions. This

is one of the most important sprays of

the season and should be done carefully.



Fourth Spray.



From ten days to tWo weeks after the

third spray is applied go over the orchard

again with the same solution as in num-

bers two and three. using the poison.

’l‘he insects and diseases mentioned above

are brought into Sillijt‘t‘lltll‘i by this spray.



Fifth Spray.



During the early part of August the

fifth spray should be given. Confine this

spray to fall and winter varieties, the

summer apples not needing it. The sec-

ond generation of the codlin-moth is

brooding at this time and the poison

spray catches them before they get to

Working on the fruit, thus preventing a

large percentage of the fruit from mak-

ing second and third grades when in all

other respects it is lit for the best grade.

This is a very important spray and

should be done carefully, using the poison

full strength.





PREVENTION OF FROST IN THE OR-

CHARD.





 





As often as every second or third year

in some states, and quite frequently in

others, a cold wave just as the fruit blos-

soms are opening causes a failure of the

crop. A few sheltered orchards or those

standing near bodies of water where a

mist holds the frost in check, escape and

the owner of such orchards reaps the

benefit of the scarcity of fruit and sells

for a high price. It has been thought

by many that trees would not bear every

year, that they had to take an off year

to recover from heavy fruiting. This has

been partially borne out by the experi-

ment of picking the blooms from trees

heavily filled to change the bearing year.

They will bloom the following year very

full and if they escape a hard frost will

set full, unless this picking process is

frequently resorted to they will soon be

bearing as they were at first. Sheltered

orchards bear fruit each year if well fed

although the yield following an extra

heavy one is usually lighter. That or-

chards growing near water produce more





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





and better fruit is demonstrated. One

region extending well into Canada and

from 25 to 50 miles farther north than

my own town, produces excellent apples

in good quantity when the crop is a. total

failure here. Orchards near the small

lakes produce when those in the sur-

rounding territory fail.



The question of insect protection has

been practically solved and no orchardist

considers his equipment complete without

a good spraying apparatus. It is also

generally conceded that in order to har-

vest good fruit one must prune, cultivate

and fertilize as for any crop, but the or-

ehard men have hitherto been practically

helpless against extreme low tempera-

tures. The peach crop in particular suf-

fers from this cause very often.



The building of bonfires has been tried

to some extent with success but was in-

adequate for large areas or long periods

on aecount of lack of fuel and help. As

every demand always after a time calls

forth a supply the idea of the orchard

heater—evolved from the crude attempts

to keep the temperature above freezing,

appeared. There are now dozens of dif-

ferent makes of these heaters which are

a sort of oil, coal or wood stove that can

be placed at intervals through an or-

chard. They burn oil, coal or wood at a

cost of about $2.00 per acre, canIbe rap-

idly lighted and extinguished and burn

from six to eight hours without replen-

ishing the supply of fuel. Some of these

heaters burn coil, some oil and some

wood. The kind of heater to buy is the

one using the kind of fuel that would be

cheapest to obtain and use in any given

location.



A dense smoke is constantly rising

from these heaters into the tops of the

trees. This smoke, warm from the heat-

ers, keeps the temperature from falling

below the freezing point. Thirty-two de-

grees is the lowest that orchards just in

bloom can withstand and it would in

many cases drop many degrees lower

than that if no means were used to keep

it higher. Already these heaters are be-

ing installed in the orchards of the mid-

dle west and already since their value is

demonstrated they are becoming as much

a part of the equipment as the spraying

outfit.



The first cost of installing them is

considerable in a large orchard but the

average cost per bushel yearly is only

from five to ten cents, according to the

number of nights the heaters have to

burn. \Vith apples at the prices of the

present year it would take only a small

number of bushels increase in yield to

pay for them. It is a safe proposition to

state that the raising of one crop in this

way will pay for the heaters and for fuel

to run them for several years. \\'e have

to fight a host of enemies to raise any

crop. It is wisest to fight to win by us-

ing the best weapons possible. The or-

char heater will equalize the apple crop

more nearly than any other method and

prices will be more even year by year.

in the protection of small fruits it is just

as useful for frost often ruins small fruit

as blossoming time. J. XV. MATHIE.





 





 





DOWN WITH THE SAPSUCKERS.





 





“"hile woodpeckers are among our most

useful birds on account of their destruc-

tion of boring and other injurious insects,

yet there are 'three species known as

sapsuckei‘s, which, while they eat many

insects, more than offset the good they

do by boring" into the inner layer of the

bark of trees 'for the sake of the sap‘

which exudes from the wounds. These?

punctures permit the entrance of mois-f

turc, bacteria, and fungi, which cause de-,

cay and staining of the wood. “'hen the

wounds heal, various distortions of the,

grain are produced, including more or

less open knotty checks. The wood of

many species is sometimes rendered use-

less except i‘or fuel. The loss to the

timber industry of the United States due

to defects in wood caused by sapsuckers,

has been conservatively estimated to be

at least $1,250,000 annually. Much pains

has been taken by the Biological Survey

of the Department of Agriculture to as-

certain the principal kinds of trees at-

tacked by these birds and the manner

and extent of the injuries inflicted in

order to devise protective measures.





 





 





Freshly burned stone lime is best for

making Bordeaux mixture. Slake it by

using just enough hot water to reduce to

fine dry powder. Hydrated lime may be

used but is less adhesive, not as strong

and, therefore, more should be used, adn

is more expensive than the lump lime.

Ground lime is good when fres.i but the





 





expense.





 





 





in. r I)! -- t' .1

Gia- ll-ilillIMF... $1,





\





Q‘flt \ Rm-





An Ideal Farm Pump





It will save time and labor every day and

make it possible. to have running water in house,





barn, stable or yard.





PYRAMID





GOUldS . Pump





will supply all the water you can use at little

Don’t waste your men’s time carrying

water from the Well for stock or household use.

Do away with this drudgery—have running water

wherever you need it and fire protection as well.



The “ Pyramid” ‘is the highest type of Power Pump for

connection to gasoline engines or other forms of drive. _ it

is made of the best materials ; every mechanical detail is





perfect; solidly and strongly constructed to stand heavy

pressure and give continuous service,





Our Free Book





“Water Supply for the Home ”





tells all about this pump that every farmer needs. Tells about

our many other pumps, including hit pumps and forccmpnmpsE

' (3 mos





Single and double—acting pumps, hydraulic rams. etc.

complete little book issucd on the subject of pumps.





The Goulds Mfg. Company, .86 W. Fall St., Seneca Falls, N. Y. ’ l





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 





“ ”WW WWW

“a Min/-





A





 





 





”WW/W fl/W/Wfl/fl WW/Q

/ /





W: % ’f / a / . . t Z//// //

iM/m Mimi/m Manama/MM





 





 





re

”/23





 





   





 





 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





 





Complete With

Fenders and

6-Shovel Pin

Break Gangs.





$2232





Complete With

Fenders and

4-Shovel Pin

Break Gangs,





$2122





Order

No.32X65 .. 1' ,





 

   





No.32X66





 

 





 





Sears, Roebuck and C0,, Chicago, Il

Gentlemen:—My Little Jap is far ahead of any

cultivator l have ever seen. The seat bar guiding

motion is the best thing out, and the advantage of

being able to raise and lower the gangs with the

balancing lever after having set them to exact.

depth with the raising levers makes it. superior to

all others. This is saying a good deal, but it's true.

Order The good features of the Little Jan make me feel

like striking out With it and working in.flelds

along the road, so as to convince people of its

superiority over all other makes.





R, F. D. No. 6, Box 2, Milford, Ill.





Yours truly.

CHARLES TANSEL.





 





 





 

 

 





 

 





if





I.





w





r'





 

 





PRICES

INCLUDE

FENDERS.





Pivot Axles and Seat Bar Dodging Lever: easiest,





Seat and Stirrups adjustable for boy or man, and ma-





COmbined Gang Raisin and Balancing ever that.





depth adjustment.





Bradley cultivators from $9.03 up.





ship the day we receive the order.





Materials thronghout the best that money can b

lifts both gangs at, en of row without. disturbing ighcst grade steel and malleables used. $100.00

couldn’t. make it better.





“7e can always furnish repairs for an

David Bradley implement made Since 1832 an





 





R. F. D. No. 1, Elli Vernon, Iowa.

Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, .



Geiitlcmenz—I am fifty-two years old and did my

first plowing with a single shovel plow, then the double

shovel, next the walking cultivator and then the sulky

plow. Have used more different kinds of cultivators

than most men, and think I can plow corn as good as

any man living, and I must say that the Little Jap is

the beat 1 ever used for good work and easy running,

both on man and team. It is the only cultivator for the

hired man. You regulate it and send him into the field

and he has simply got, to plow corn.



Yours truly,

A. H. KN APP.





 





 





 





 





r-SEARSROEBUCKé‘HW





The David Bradley





LITTLE .IAP CULTIVATOR





is your‘own idea. of what a cultivator should

be; the perfect implement you have been

gushing for Since you plowed your first field.



o or

should be called by some other name than

cultivator. Every other manufacturer bop-

ing for success is trying to copy its exclu-

1sire patented features. We only name them



ere.





ahead of any other that it really





Our catalog tells all about them.





Short Hitch and Direct Draft: easy on team.

quickest, widest. dodge. A clear view of the row at, Draft helps lift gan s, also keeps shovels in ground.





all times. The one successful cultivator for hillside Sixteen Styles of angs, Pin break or am n trip

work. No drifting; gangs work parallel and at even shovels. surface blades, spring teeth or discs. vel-

depth, ers, rakes and other attachments. Buy one culli-





Balance Frame; adjustable for rows of any width. valor and as many kinds of extra gangs as wanted.

Wheels 42 inches hi h; wide tires; staggered

chine adapts itself to heavy or light weight operator. schkCS; long distance ustproof grease retaining





Depth Regulating Lever for each ang, and hu 5.





uy.





Send for our Book of David Bradley Farm Implements, or see our big General

Catalog for complete descriptions and prices of all styles of Little Jap CUItiva-

tors and special attachments. Other styles Of





y

d





 





 





 





 





 





form in which it comes makes it difficult

to determine whether. fresh or not.





‘When writing to advertisers mention The Michigan Farmer.
‘ing of rural forces as give promise of a.





1me 1.1911.





 





 





YVYYVVVYVYYVVVYVYYY





. ”null“





’LA" 'AmAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'A





Oii Motto—“The Farmer is. of more

consdduence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





THE APRIL PROGRAMS.





 





urer’s Suggestions for First

State Loct Meeting.

“The springtime treasures I bring to you

Are brightest of all the year.

Song or recitation, “Spring

Home NursingflFirst Aid





Song."

to the In—





jured.‘ ‘

c. - .

Jl\‘.:[i§<25iltation, “Dar‘s a Vt arm, VX arm

Wind.“ . ..

“ rovement Club.

The One Imp the Grange—1.





Legislation Favored by

Thus far secured in 1911.





for. . ' .

Easter millinery competition.





Closing song-





2. Still to work





EFFECTIVE UNITING OF RURAL

FORCES.



Through all its history the Grange has

sought to utilize every available force in

improving the status of the farmer and

his family, educationally, socially and

financially. The means employed, or the

manner in which this end has been

sought, have, perhaps, not always been

practical or effective, but recent years

have seen such co—operation and combin-





distinct and healthy improvement of

country life conditions and a material

strengthening of the forces involved.





Some years ago an effective coalition of

the Grange and the more strictly educa-

tional forces of an Oceana county com-





munity was perfected in what is now

known as the Hesperia Teachers and

Patrons‘ Association. This co-operative





effort has resulted in annual conferences

of educational workers and agricultural

leaders which have claimed state-wide

attention. Locally these annual meetings

have proven immensely popular and have

brought a better understanding of the

multitude of problems which are inevit-

ably encountered iii any campaign waged

for the betterment of community condi-





tions. Other sections of the state have

been slow in enlisting in this forward

movement, but recent activity in this





direction on the part of the Grange pre-

sages a co—operation of community forces

with this organization which cannot but

only





inure to the permanent benefit not

of the agricultural class but of all di-

rectly dependent upon that class. Last





week we surrendered the major portion

of this department to an interesting ac-

count of a meeting held at Nunica, Ot-

tawa Co., which resulted in the forma-

tion of the Ottawa County Grunge, Teach-

ers and Patrons’ Association. About ten

days later, at a meeting of Manistee Co.

Pomona Grange, which was attended by

the State Lecturer, Miss Bucll. a coali-

tion of Patrons, teachers and business

men was effected through the formation

of a Patrons, Teachers and Business

Men’s Association. On the heels of this

very successful meeting comes the infor-

mation, direct from Deputy Master Mc-

Clure, that in Mason, Benzie, Vt'exford,

Charlevoix, Newaygo and Muskcgou

counties similar organizations. to meet

annually, have been organized, and all

for the purpose of uniting the forces rep-

resented in a co-operative effort to ad-

vance the interests of the farm, the

home and the school.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Weed Law Enforcement was asked for

by the members of Benzie Co. Pomona at

a meeting held at Benzonia early in





March, the resolution adopted reading as

follows: “ lesolved, That it be the ex—

pression of the Pomona Grange of Benzie

county, that each township officer enforce

all laws relative to the destruction of all

noxious weeds in their respective town-

ships, giving more attention to the de-

struction of noxious weeds on non-resi-

dent lands and along highways, and we

consider the ragweed one of the worst oi

noxious weeds." A resolution was also

adopted condemning a bill passed by the

senate and now before the house in which

insurance differences are to be settled by

court instead of by arbitration, as pe-

titioned by the State Grange. Bro. D. E.

MCClure delivered the principal address

of the meeting, his subject being “Pro-

gress vs. Decadence." A class of eight

was given the fifth degree. Next meeting

of Pomona will be held with Cherry

Grange.





Calhoun County Pomona met with Pine

Creek Grange Thursday, March 9. A

large attendance made the excellent pro—

gram more helpful and inspiring. The

principal topics of the afternoon were

“Reciprocity” and ”Temperance.” A talk,

“Canadian Reciprocity as it Affects the

Farmer," was given by Walter Betterly.





. THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





A jolly crowd gathered

The meeting was

called to order by the vice-president. The

first on the program was singing by the

Club. followed by reading of minutes and





The subject called out a spirited discus-

‘sion, most of the Patrons maintaining

that it is rather unfortunate that revision

of the tariff should be tried on the farmer.

“How local option has worked in Calhoun

county," was the subject of a talk by L.

E. Stewart. who quoted figures to show

that crime has decreased and the number

of arrests lessened by half since local op-

tion has gone into effect: that general

business conditions have improved in ev-

ery town in the county, and that banks

have increased their savings deposits by

over $1,000,000 in Battle Creek alone. In

Albion, a city of 6.000, one bank has

placed savings deposits to the amount of

$20,000 to the credit of men who never

before had their names in bank books.

An interesting paper. “One woman’s com-

munity work." by Miss Alice Cronk, told

of the great work of Dr. Caroline Bartlett

Crane, of Kalamazoo, and her interest in

the general uplift of humanity. Through

her efforts, decided improvements have

been effected in the civic life of our coun-

try and enlightenment brought to the

classes held down by poverty. Music and

recitations gave a pleasing variety to the

program. Plans for contest work were

proposed by a committee for that pur-

pose. and the work of the State Grange

Alfalfa Club was explained.





Arenac County Pomona No. 69 was

royally entertained by Bay Grange No.





597, Feb. 24. Hon. Geo. B. Horton gave

a fine address on the Grange and what it

stands for: what it has done and what it

is trying to do. The address was charac-

teristic of the man, enthusiastic, forceful.

eloquent, and rang true as steel. This

and the recitations, talks and songs by

other members, the session being open

to all. whether Patrons or not, was highly

appreciated and served to enliven Grange

interest in the community. Deputy State.

Master Fuller was present and gave a

short talk and school of instruction. Cllll-

adian reciprocity was considered and a

telegram sent to Senator Smith. at

Washington, asking him to work against

it. Four new members were given the

fifth degree. Our Pomona is on the up-

ward trend, and we had a good attend-

ance of Pomona Patrons as well as sub-

ordinate members~Mastcix





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings.

Berrien Co. wiih l’eari Grange, YVed—





nesrlay, April 3.



Allegan Co., \\'cdnc.<=day, April it).



Hillsdaie t'o. zit .lonesville, \Vednes-

day. April 5. Discussion of Reciprocity,

initiative, Referendum and l-lecall, and

Parcels Post.



Van Burcn Co., Thursday, April 13.





{WWW





Litmus CLUBS}





LAMA

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





Pi‘esideiit~—B. A. Holden, VVixom.



Vice-Pres, J. D, Leland. C‘orunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson. Meta-

mora.



Treasurer—Mrs. Lewis Sackett, Eckford.



Directors—A. R. Palmer, Jackson; Wm.





 





 





Ii. Marks. Fair Haven; C. L. Wright.

(‘aroz E. XV. \V'oodruff, Blanchard: C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick Hankerd,

Munitii.





Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora. Mich.





 





Associational Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





Associatlonal Sentiment.—

’i‘he farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.



Discuss Parcels Post—The March

meeting of the Ingham County Farmers’

Club was held with Judge and Mrs. H.

M. Gardner and Mrs. Norris, and they

had the happy faculty of making all feel





at home and that it was good to be

there. After the usual good dinner at

the home of .l udge Gardner. the mem-





bers went across the street to Mrs. Nor

ris' home, and President Ives called the

meeting to order. Mis. Taylor then read

a communication from Mrs. Green, who

wrote of the products around Fernando,

(Sal. in which sch said, "one does not

realize when buying the oranges, lemons

and olives in the eastern market the labor

and capital it requires to put them there.”

The subject of parcels post was intro-

duced, and from the discussion it was

feared it might hinder the growth and

sustenance of small towns and it was de-

sirable to preserve these. Express com-

panies and rural carriers oppose it. Car—

riers say it will make more work, while

cypress companies could not charge as

high a rate or would not have so much

to do. But it is something the farmers

want, and it is not justice to carry pack-

ages to foreign countries cheaper than

from one state to another. Then by mail

we can send but four pounds in the

United States. Resolutions of confidence

and fellowship were passed in honor of

Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Jenkins, who are

about to move from the Club community.

The next meeting will be with Mr. and

Mrs. Alfred Allen and Mrs. Smith at

Maple Row Farm. Remember the date

and place, and be there—Cor. Sec.



Hold Temperance Meeting.—-The Wash-

ington Center Farmers’ Club met at Elm-

croft, the pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs.

George Hill, on March 9. The day was

pleasant and the roads “were in an ex-





cellent condition.

to the number of 65.





miscellaneous business. Under this head.

the secretary read articles on the Cana-i

dian reciprocity bill. A motion was madel

that the reciprocity bill shuold not be—

come a law. The secretary read a letter

from Representative C. J. Chambers ex-

plaining the Torrens system of land

transfer, and 'the county road law. The

above subjects were talked on by Messrs.

Campbell, Brown, Kochensparger and

French. This concluding the forenoon

session dinner was served by the gentle—

men, and it was an excellent dinner. The,

ladies did ample justice at this hour. Thel

afternoon session was opened with sing-

ing by the Club.

dry county,“ was well responded to.

first question was, “is it safe for the

local option people to relax their vigi-

lance?" \l'.

good talk on the subject.

liquor was one of the greatest monsters

of the universe; he said he would





 





from our land. Mrs. C. A. Matthews fav-

ored the Club with

tion, “is the young

came a talk on temperance,

H. Kelsey, of Perrinton.

grand.

for the voters who were present. The

writer wished that every voter could have,

heard this temperance talk. A good lit-l





man safe?” Then





by Rev. C.





This talk was





erary and musical program was ren-

dered. The question box contained some

good questions and were well discussed





by members and others. The next meet-

ing will be held at Old Homestead with

Mr. and. Mrs. James DeMott, on April

13. The meeting was closed with singing

by the Club.—-.\lrs. Cora lieiser, Cor. Sec.



Discuss Road System.——.\i the last

meeting of the North Shade Farmers‘

(.‘lub 1.. C. llull talked on the new road

system. North Shade is to vote on the

road system in April and the question of

whether they shall have county or town-

ship supervision will be decided. Mr.

Hull is familiar with both systems, and

thinks the county system will work out

all right. lie is well informed on the

requirements of the new system, and he

is also familiar with all the requirements

of a good highway. He said that Mich-

igan has ”(0.000 miles of highway, 60,000

of which are dirt roads, mostly in poor

condition. l‘llllel‘soll township has eleven

miles of state aid road, and the farms in

that township are priced at $100 to $130





l

i

i





The roll call, “Name a1

The .

l

H. Stoneman gave a very,|

He said that:

like 3

to see the time when mother's would have,

a chance to Vote and help drive the curse!





an excellent recita-l





l

l

He gave some very good thoughts:I

i





 





(31)





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Edwards “NED" Steel Shingles





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THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING co.

417 -467 Lock 5i.. cmcmua‘ri, once (44)





 





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per acre. Good roads cost, but in many

instances the farmers along whose farms

they pass get more for their work on the,

road than the extra tax is, and the good

I‘oud adds to the value of their farms.

Mr. l‘lull gave the different plans allowed

by the state highway department, and

the amount of state aid per mile, given

for each. James Stonebrook thinks a lot

can be done under the township system

as by the county. Mr. liuyck describes

the macadam roads he is familiar with,

and further discussion indicated that

Gratiot will be in the front rank for good

roads. This question was made so clear

that the farmers of North Shade will know

what they are voting for and why, when

election day comes.



Corn Contests and the Schools.——(‘;‘ouni_\'

(,‘ommissioiier l’ikc, of itliacu, was pres-

ent. and gave an interesting talk on Na-





ture Smiles. He says that the best pro-

duct of the farm is its boys and girls.

He sees the boy and girl conic from

home pure and lll‘ll-ilil contaminating

influences sometimes come through the

school, and must be HX'i‘l'l'lflllL‘ by the

home. Encourage checrl'izlncss and op-

timism in children. l'ur: of Mr. l'ike’s

work is to visit the Schools. and he fre-





quently gives a story-telling evening for

the school children, at some school house

on Friday evening. He tells the story of

Enoch Arden, l-Jvaingelinc. :1 talk about

Lincoln, and the like. Like Oliver Twist.





the youngsters clamor for more after

they have had an hour and forty-five





The corn contests came in

l’ike's attention, Sev-

organized in this





minutes of it.

for a share of Mr.

en counties have been

work, and the results are interesting.

Ionia and Clinton are in line, and he

hopes to have Gratiot in the list.

showed by statistics that the, corn crop

of 1910, ii‘ loaded into farm wagons with

teams attached. would make a processioni

around the earth 18 teams wide. Surely

it would not be diiiicull to locate the cornj

belt. Mrs. Bemis discussed the subject,‘

and said that to interest boys and girls

in live things and to let them have in-





wark—md thrives on it. l ,

FREE TRIAL



No obligation till satis-

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"EN/flue Facts' free

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49 Mull-II SI . DETROIT. MICE.





 

   





um... -

(vxl





 





 





 





terests of their own is to settle the disci-

pline of the family. The boy who has a

corn field of his own finds few tempta-I

tions to go astray. i



Oppose Reciprocity with Canada—At a

recent meeting of the Maple llivcr Farm-

ers‘ Club the subject, “Resolved, the

placing of Canadian farm products uponl

the free list as advocated by President;

Taft is highly detrimental to Aincricnir

agriculture," was ably presented by}

Theron Gladden, .li'., in a paper that

showed the writer had given the matter.

profound study. That farm producisl

should be admitleil in this country free‘

of duty can not do otherwise than cause

a depression in the market, consequently

lowering the price of American product.

That wheat and other grains should be

admitted free of duty, and when manu-

factured into the finished product. a high

duty be placed upon their admittance is

a direct blow to the farmer and a protec-

tion to the manufacturer. I’. B. Rey-

nolds said that if the present reciprocity

measure advocated by President Taft

in the McCall bill goes into effect it

means a period of agricultural depression.

Farmers are just getting to a point

where they can do business on a cash

basis and now to upset the whole thing

is nothing less than utterly preposterous.

When the American farmer is not pros-

perous then all other industries must

come to a standstill and hard times, idle

labor and low prices prevail





 





 

   

 

   





 





Why Rani a Farm





and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of

your hard-earned profits? Own your own

farm. Secure ajl‘ree Homestead in

Manitoba. Saskatchewan orAI-

berm, or purchase land in one

of these districts and bank in.

profit of $10.00 or $12.00

an acre every year.



Land purchased three yenrs

ago at $10.00 an acre has recently

c anged hands at $25.00 an acre.

The crops grown on theso lands

warrant the advance. You can





Become Rich





‘- by cattle raising. dairying. mixed farm-





(3%.. ing and grain growmg in the prov-

. ‘1.

l:





‘ Inces of Manitoba. Saskatchewan

ll‘ _, "ill





 

   

 

 





   





and Alberta In Western Canada.



P ree homestead and pre-emption

areas. as well as land held by railway

and land com nles. will provide

homes for mil Ions.



Ada tablesoilJiealthful climate

'4‘, splen Id schools and churches and

,1“ good railways.



,, Forgettlers rateg. descriptive litera-

«< taro Last Best West." how to reach

the oountrg and other particulars. write

n to Sup t 0 Immigration Ottawa, Can-

A—_‘ , ads. or to the Canadian





M. V. McInnes

1 76 Jefferson Ave.. Detroit, Mich.





" 'WWM

Harness at Wholesale Prices!





lilncl from our shops to you.

FREIGHT PAID.

We Can Save You Money.





write to—day for a copy of on:





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HONEST HARNESS 00., Mill]. MICHIGAN.





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IS THERE ANY DOUBT IN YOUR MIND as to which cream separator

for you to buy?





Here is a proposition that should interest you.





Ask our nearest agent to bring a DE LAVAL out to your house and set it

up for you. (If you don’t know the DE LAVAL agent drop us a line and we

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alongside of it. Give them both a fair, honest trial. Then buy the machine that





Skims the cleanest

Turns the easiest

is easiest to wash

ls best constructed





If there'is any doubt in your mind when you make this test as to the

comparative skimming of the two machines, take a sample of skim-milk from

each separator and send it to your State Experiment Station. They will tell you

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such tests. ‘





We don’t hesitate to ask you to make such a test because we know the





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Give your cows a square deal. Be fair to yourself. If there is any one

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DE LAVAL cream separators are made in all sizes and capacities, from a

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If you are interested in the purchase of a cream separator, be sure to write

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In writing please address your inquiry to nearest De Laval office.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR 00.





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[ .





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Ten years ago there were a dozen different makes

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DE LAVAL separators exclusively.



It means a difference of several thousand dollars

a year whether a DE LAVAL or some other make of

separator is used in a creamery.



Exactly the same differences exist,yon a smaller

scale, in the use of farm separators. Owing to the

fact, however, that most farm users do not keep as

accurate records as the creameryman, they do not

appreciate just what the difference bet-ween a good

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cents. Nine times out of ten the farmer can’t tell

whether or not he is wasting $50 to $100 a year in

quantity and quality of product through the use of

an inferior cream separator.





Now, if you were in need of legal advice, you

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their judgment and skill. \Vhen it comes to buying

a separator why not profit by the experience of the

creameryman? His experience qualifies himto ad-

vise you correctly. He knows ’which separator Will

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creameries use the DE LAVAL exclusively.



There can be no better recommendation for the

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‘1”