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The Only Weekly Agricultural, HortiCultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





 





VOL. CXXXVI. No. 16. z

Whole Number 3544.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 22. I9".





{Shoo A YEAR.

32.75 FIVE YEARS.





 





 





cussion in The Farmer during



April is one of the greatest im-

portance to every-farmer. Probably few

readers fully appreciate its importance,

and we venture the assertion that the

few who do have a proper appreciation

of that fact are mostly farmers who are

interested in the breeding of pure-bred

live stock. The live stock breeder has

learned to appreciate to a greater degree

than the average farmer who is engaged

in other lines of production, the prepotent

influence of heredity and the important

influence of environment upon the qual-

ity of successive generations of live

stock in particular, although many of

these have failed to apply the same gen-

eral principle to the plant world which

they have found to be so unvaryingly

applicable to the animal world. Yet prac-

tically the same principles apply in both

cases, and their observance would benefit

the farmer who grows general crops quite

as much as they benefit the breeder who

would produce the most perfect and pre-

potent animals.



In order that we may the better appre-

ciate thisfact, and that we may apply

the same principles to plant breeding so

far as the same may be profitably prac-'

ticed on the average farm, let us for a

moment consrder the underlying princi-

ples of success which the live stock breed-

er knows he must observe if he would

attain even a fair degree of success in

his business. In selecting his foundation

stock, the first requisite demanded by the

intelligent live stock breeder is individual

quality. Having found the quality for

which he is searching in some individual

animal he studies its pedigree to assure

himself that such quality is the result of

a consistent line of breeding, with the

result in view which he admires in the

animal, and that the animal comes from

a strain or family of the breed in which

the admired qualities have been constant

in successive generations. Then, by mat-

ing this animal with another of similar

type and known or presumable prepo-

tency for its perpetuation the breeder

knows he has started right for the per-





THE topic announced for special dis-





petuation of the desired qualities in the

resulting product of such mating. But

he does not stop here. When the young

animal is born be carefully provides the

proper environment and feed for its best

development, and the same painstaking

care is given it until it has reached ma—

tfl Even then the result is not all

t might be desired, and every breeder

worthy of the name will be found to cull

out the undesirable individuals from his

herd or fiock each year, no matter how

desirable his foundation stock may be or

how carefully the young animals pro—

duced may have been reared. Occasion-

ally, too, he will find an animal among

those produced that for some unknown

reason shows a marked superiority over

the others produced with practically the

same breeding and care, and all such

animals are retained in the herd, at least

until they have demonstrated whether

they have the ability to reproduce the

superior qualities which they possess.

Thus, while the mysterious forces of

nature are not well enough known by

man so that he can control them with

certainty in the improvement of animals,

yet by intelligent selection and with the

,proper environment and care certain and

steady advancement is made in the im-

provement of the quality of successive

generations. That the well bred animal

will yield a better profit to his breeder

and feeder than the scrub requires the

submission of no proof, yet a very large

proportion of farmers neglect to profit by

the knowledge. The same fact will hold

true in the vegetable world, as every

reader well knows, yet the average farm-

er fails to profit by this knowledge to

anything like the degree which he might.

That the simple process of selection will

improve any desired quality in a plant

has been repeatedly proven by actual re-

sults in many of the special crops grown

on our farms. In sugar beets, for in-

stance, the average percentage of sugar

has been enormously increased by such

judicious selection and perpetuation of

strains that showed unusual percentages

of sugar. In like manner superior varie-

ties or strains of grains have been pro-





duced which give better than ordinary

yields, and our experiment stations are

working with all sorts of common plants

for like results, through the simple proc—

ess of selection and the perpetuation of

the fittest for the purpose of which they

are grown. This is astep in advance of

nature's method of the survival of the

fittest, in that the results are more profit—

able since the selection is carried on with

a view to the usefulness of the plant for

a given purpose, rather than for its mere

ability to exist under unfavorable cir-

cumstances. In fact, in this work of se-

lection for the betterment of plants,‘it

is just as important to supply the proper

environment and to feed the plants in a

proper manner as it is to provide these

essentials for the successful improvement

of live stock by intelligent breeding.



But let us see how this principle may

be applied in the selection and breeding

of seeds for the improvement of our

farm crops. l'nder ordinary methods we

find it necessary to change seed often,

and new varieties are secured because

the ones which we have grown fail to

give satisfactory yields. Often this may

be because our soils have failed in fer-

tility, in which case the new varieties

griodi'iiut will not remedy the difficulty

for long, if at all. But is it not possible

that there has been some connection be-

tween the deterioration of the varieties

which we say have “run out” and the en-

vironments under which they have been

grown? If the man who goes into the

business of breeding pure-bred live stock

is a poor feeder, the stock which he

breeds will not be sought by others as

foundation stock, no matter how well

they may have been bred from the stand-

point of the qualifications of their ances-

tors, and after a few generations have

elapsed it is probable that the unfavor—

able environments under which the ani-

male have been kept will have caused

such a deterioration in the strain it would

take generations of good feeding and the

infusion of new blood to bring a herd or

fiock so treated back to its former qual-

ity. it is a reasonable theory that the

seed from poorly nourished plants will





‘ Seed Selection and Seed Breeding on the Farm.





not be as virile as seed from plants that

are given the best of environment, and

this is a strong argument for the use of

the seed breeding plot on the farm. There

is also the added advantage in the special

seed breeding plot for the production of

seed for the next year’s use that plants

may be more carefully culled and seed

”more carefully selected on a small scale

than would be thought practicable on a

field scale.



To illustrate this latter point, let us

take beans for an example. There is no

doubt that the bean producers of Mich-

igan have suffered severe losses from the

fungous disease of beans known as an-

thracnose, which is perpetuated from year

to year through the medium of affected

seed. It would be entirely practicable to

pick sufficient pods from healthy plants

to provide seed for a Seed breeding plot

of an acre or so on one side of the field,

from which to produce seed for use the

following year. Also, it would not entail

a great deal of labor to remove every

plant from such a seed breeding plot that

showed the effect of this disease, so that

the seed produced would be practically

free from it. Nor would it be impractical

to harvest a small area from this plot

by hand, selecting ,onljg,.hnalth,x plants

which bore a large number of well

filled pods, this seed to be used in.

the seed breeding plot the "following

year. Not forgetting the influence of

environment, the best available soil in the

field should be selected as the place to

carry on this seed breeding work, and

this small area of soil could be fertilized

more liberally than we can fertilize the

balance of the field, so that its physical

and mechanical condition may be such

as to insure a normal development of the

plants from which seed for next year’s

planting is to be secured. .



This single example given will suffice to

illustrate the wisdom of carrying the

work of seed selection to the growing of

the plant, and even to the providing of a

suitable environment for the production

of a perfectly normal and vigorous plant

as the parent stock for the main farm

(-rop. There is no crop commonly grown





 





A" Extensive, “Well-groomed" Oceana County Peach Orchard, Illustrative





 





of what our Western Michigan Fruit Growers Mean by Thorough Cultivation.
466 (2)

upon the farm-with which this kind of

seed selection or seed breeding cannot be

practiced with profit, a profit which we

believe will, in practically every case,

prove to be out of all proportion to ,the

labor involved.





FARM NOTES.





Plowing or Disking for Oats.





I have a field of seven acres which had

been pastured for three years. Last

spring I manured it well and put to pota—

toes. This year I intend to put this field

into oats; would you advise disking or

plowing for seed bed? Would also ask

whether you would seed this down this

spring or wait until fall and put in wheat

and seed? In either case, how many

bushels of oats would you sow to the

acre? \Ve had a very poor crop of oats

through here last year and I have had

some good seed sent to me from a farmer

friend in Iowa, consequently I want to

get the best results possible. This is my

second year on a farm, and since I have

had the Michigan Farmer I would not be

without it, and if I was to give it an-

other name 1 would call it “The Begin-

ner's Friend.”



Manistee Co. K. M. J.





Where oats follow potatoesL as is pro-

posed in this instance, the majority of

growers agree that practically as good

results are secured by the preparation of

a seed bed without plowing, as by plow-

ing the ground, and in some cases a bet-

ter crop will be secured in a comparative

test under the two methods. The potato

crop is one which leaves the ground com—

paratively loose, not only because of the

rather late and deep cultivation given it,

but as well because in digging the ground

is pretty well stirred. especially if it is

dug with a machine.



\Vhere the crop is to be seeded with

clover some growers think that better re-

sults are secured by plowing the ground.

since the decayed sod is turned to the

surface, increasing the supply of humus

in the top few inches of soil to the ben-

efit of the clover seeding. However, if

the soil is in a good state of fertility we

do not, believe this to be essential.

Vl'hether to seed with the oats or with a.

crop of wheat following the oats depends

a good deal upon the crop rotation one

desires to follow. Ordinarily the clover

seeding is more. certain in wheat than in

oats, but. a short crop rotation is found





to be desirable ‘upon many farms, and

the practice of seeding to clover in oats

is becoming increasingly popular with





farmers in many sections of -iiichigan.



The amount of seed to sow is also a

subject upon which there is considerable

difference of opinion among our best

farmers. Personally, the writer is of the

opinion that one and one—half bushels is

a sufficient amount of seed to use, al-

though some farmers .use twice that

much. Last year the writer saw a field

from which 60 bushels of oats per acre

had been harvested from one bushel of

seed. This was perhaps an extraordinary

case, yet a good stand of alfalfa was se-

cured in this field, and we believe with-

out any decrease in the yield of oats

from the small amount of oats sown.

This was an improved variety of oats.

and the field was well adapted to the

crop and in a fertile condition, else such

results could not have followed. Another

favorable feature for this crorr was that

the season was favorable for getting oats

sown early last year, while this year the

opposite has been true, and it is probable

that a little more seed would be advisable

where the crop must be sown late than

Would suffice for good results Where it

can be gotten in early, since, other con-

ditions being equal, the early sown oats

are usually better from the standpoint of

yield than the later sown crop.





Commercial Fertilizer for Corn.



I would like to inquire about the use

of commercial fertilizer on corn ground.

\\e tried it on our clay soil last year,

both broadcast and in the hill at the rate

of about 200 lbs. to the acre, but our

com was almost a failure. It was not

nearly. as good on the fertilized as on the

unfertilized fields: whether owing to the

dry weather or not I do not knoW. The

corn had good cultivation and was per-

fectly clean.



Berrien Co. H. H. C.



Last season was a poor season for corn

on clay land. It was too wet in the early

spring for the corn to get a good start.

and turned so dry later in the season

that the clay land seemed to bake and

dry out more quickly than the sand. The

writer saw fields of mixed soil in corn

last year that had received a good coat

of manure in the spring, in which the





corn on the loamy spots was as tall as a

man and all tasseled out when that on

the clay spots was not more than a foot

high, yet all the ground had been ma-

nured. This simply illustrates that the

weather is a great factor in the develop-

ment of the corn crop. even where stable





THE ' MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





manure is used as a fertilizer, and, of

course, it has an even greater influence

on its development where commercial fer-

tilizer is used or where the land is not

fertilized at all. Two hundred pounds of

fertilizer ' per acre applied in the hill

would be a liberal amount to give the

com a good start, but fertilizer applied

in this way will not and can hardly be

expected to push the corn along through-

out the season. But in some seasons it

will make a vast difference in the growth

of the corn. Some years ago the writer

got a horse corn planter, and later de-

cided to get a fertilizer attachment for

it. This was put on, but the spring that

held the dropping device until it was

tripped by the buttons on the wire was

not stiff enough to carry the added load

of the device that dropped the fertilizer,

and the result was that the corn was

scattered between the hills, being prac-

tically drilled in while the fertilizer was

dropped in hills. This was the cause of

no little disgust on our part, but it served

an excellent purpose in giving us an op-

portunity to see the result of the fer-

tilizer. Less than 150 lbs. per acre was

applied in this way, but it was possible

to see the rows Where it had been drop-

ped crosswise of the drills of corn, so

marked was the effect in pushing the

corn along from the start.



In the later use of commercial fertilizer

on corn we have adopted the practice of

putting from 300 to 400 lbs. of fertilizer

on broadcast, and then using about 125

lbs. in the hill. “'hile the weather con-

ditions undoubtedly have a great deal of

influence in the result of this kind of

fertilization, yet we believe that it has

paid to use the fertilizer in this manner.



“'hile a small application of 200 lbs. of

fertilizer serves an excellent purpose with

small grain crops and is probably as

much as it is profitable to apply, it would

appear from the best information avail-

able that for our cultivated crops, like

corn and potatoes. we Michigan farmers

have not faith enough in the fertilizer

or the crop to get the most profitable

results from it. in Maine, where the po-

tato growers get about twice the average

yields which we get in Michigan they

use fertilizer very liberally, applying 1,500

to 2,000 lbs. per acre of high-grade fer-

tilizer. Some recently reported contests

in corn growing in New England where

from 1,000 lbs. to nearly 2,000 lbs. of high

grade fertilizer was used per acre on acre

plots entered in the contest, also show

surprisingly high yields. Of course, where

one has used even a small amount of fer-

tilizer without apparent results in a single

season, his faith in its use is not likely

to be increased, but we believe it is not

a good reason why we should cease to

experiment with it, since results are not

always what they ought to be in the use

of stable manure applied in the spring.

In fact, it is all the more reason that we

should continue to experiment with it,

until we have demonstrated to our sat-

isfaction what it will do for us in a nor-

mal season, when applied in varying

amounts or where different formulas are

used. since we can hardly know too

much about the value of supplementary

fertilization, and since this is really the

only way to get valuable knowledge

along this line.



Canada Thistles.

Please tell me through The Farmer if





there is a way to get rid of Canada

thistles. . .

Emmet Co. ll. H. C.





There is no certain way to eradicate

Canada thistles except by thorough cul-

ture, which will not permit the develop—

ment of leaves. If a plant is kept from

making a growth above the ground for

any considerable time during the growing

season it must die. Where the thistles

are present only in patches it will cer-

tainly pay to eradicate them, but where

they are well seeded over the entire farm

it is a difficult task to get rid of them,

and it may be more profitable to learn to

live with them with the least trouble

and loss.





 





Ll LLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





The Water Supply.



As I have told you before in Lillie

Farmstead Notes, our well went dry last

summer. This is a very serious matter

on a stock farm. I spent over $100 try-

ing to tinker up the old well last fall and

then we didn't get any water. All of the

young cattle had to go to the creek all

winter long and get down on their knees

and drink through the ice and several

times the milcb cows had to do the same.

At one time I didn't know but the creek

was going to freeze solid. As a matter

of fact there was very little water in it.





In December I started a professional.





well-digger digging a well. He was to

put down a 4-inch pipe or casing. He

has been working on. it on and on all

winter long, and I have been hoping

and praying for water. He claims he

has gone down something over 180 feet.

Over 50 feet of this is bed rock and he

finally got down to where the rock was

so hard that he couldn't do it with his

hand drill and said that he would have

to wait. until it. became warm enough

weather so that he could use his steam

outfit in order to go through this rock.

But in the last several feet he found

small seams in the rock. He said that

he would fix it up and try it and perhaps

we could get water enough so that it

would furnish us water during the win-

ter and then in the spring he could finish

the well, and so he fixed the well up and

began to pump and there seems to be

a good supply of water. This is the first

time in two years that we have had

water so that we could say we had all

we wanted. I do not know whether he

will have to go down through the rest

of the rock or not. Perhaps the seams

that he found in the rock will furnish all

the water that we need.





OATS AND PEAS FOR HAY.





 





My clover Seeding failed last year. I

note that in a similar case you advise

sowing oats and peas mixed equal parts

by weight. How much should I sow per

acre and how harvest and cure them?

What kind of peas should I sow and

how? I see the seed books advise sow-

ing the peas first, plowing them in and

then sowing the oats. Is this best or

could I sow both at once with drill? Is

the bay good for horses as well as cows?



St. Joseph Co. J. O. '1‘.





There seems to have been quite a lot

of failures to get a good catch of clover

in southern Michigan last year and the

raising of oat and pea hay as a substi-

tute for clover hay is attracting more

than usual interest. I had supposed that

this subject had been discussed in The

Farmer so much in the last few years

that all of the readers understood the

merits of eat and pea hay as a substiv

tute for clover hay, but it seems farmers

are not particularly interested in a given

subject until the time comes when they

need the help expressly for themselves.



Oat and pea hay is a most excellent

forage crop for all kinds of stock. In

many instances oats are grown alone for

hay and are excellent for this purpose,

but Canada field peas are leguminous

plants and contain a. much larger per

cent of protein than oats, consequently

it we mix Canada field peas with oats

we have more nearly a substitute for

clover hay. If we should sow the peas

alone they are inclined to lodge and they

are difficult to harvest, but when we mix

them in the proportion of 1 lb. of peas to

1 lb. of oats and sow them at the rate of

21/: to 3 bu. per acre; the oats will help

hold the pea vines up and keep them

from lodging, and the crop can be cut

with a common mowing machine the

same as any grass crop and with as little

expense. It should be cured in the same

way.



Many people make the mistake of de-

laying the cutting of this crop until it is

too ripe to get its greatest feeding value

as hay. It ought to be cut when the oats

are in the milk, before any berry has

formed at all, and when the pea pods

have just nicely formed, before they com-

mence to fill very much. If you delay the

cutting much longer the food nutriment

of the plant will be concentrated in the

grain, and the straw will not be as pala-

table nor as digestible as it would be if

it was out earlier.



The peas can be sown and plowed un-

der, then the land fitted and sown to oats,

but this is not necessary, especially on

loamy or clay soil. W'here peas are sown

too shallow they are liable to be affected

by dry hot weather and not fill as well,

but we are not particularly interested in

getting well filled pods for the hay crop;

we want a good growth of vines. I should

mix Canada field peas and oats, selecting

a variety of oats with a. good stiff straw,

and sow the combination with a grain

drill, setting the drill to sow 255 to 3 bu.

per acre. I would take pains to drill the

peas and oats in as deeply as possible.

If you have your ground well pulverized

to a good depth there will be no trouble

in getting the seed covered deep enough

and you will not have to plow the peas

under.



If this crop is cut at the proper time

and properly cured, (it should be cured

in the cock), you will find it a very good

substitute for clover hay, and with a rich

soil and a favorable year you may expect

to get a good crop. Cows C. Linux.





’ APRIL' 22,- 1911.





 





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. Lived than the ordinary

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Barbed Wire Reels:- 6

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as fast as team can w.alk

: Roller Harrow, Great-

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BAILEY & HIGMLS. DELAVAII. ILLINOIS.





ALFALFA





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GEORGE 1. WM.“ MW“.





\
APRIL 22, 1911.

WHERE TO BEGIN TO LAY TILE. ‘





 





I wish Mr. Lillie would tell me where

he commences to lay his tile, at the lower

or upper end of the ditch, and why.



Kalamazoo Co. SUBSCRIBER



You can begin at either end of the

ditch to lay tile but the better place is

to begin at the lower end. If you begin

at the upper end of the ditch you are

working in waste water all the while and

there is no chance for it to run off, but

when you begin at the lower end of the

ditch, as fast as you lay the tile the wat-

er from above passes through and out of

the way and you have a clean ditch, so

far as the water is concerned, in which

to lay the tile.



Of course, if your ditch is dug out en-

tirely, with the exception of simply bot-

toming it up in places, it don’t matter so

very much which end you begin at, but

we usually begin to dig the ditch as soon

as we get down deep enough at the open-

ing or outlet end we bottom up and lay

the tile and keep the tile laid as fast as

we dig the ditch. In this way all of the

drainage water passes off out of the way,

while, if you attempted to do this by be-

ginning at the upper end of the ditch you

would soon have a ditch full of water and

it would be impossible to accomplish any—

thing.



The principal objection to digging the

ditch out its entire length before you lay

the tile is that it is very apt to cave in,

especially if there comes a heavy rain,

and, of course, this may cost a lot of

money to clean it out again. I remember

one year when we were tiling that we

could not get the tile, and I wanted

to keep the men at work and so we went

on and dug ditch after ditch, leaving

them open. The weather was dry at the

time. ‘We finished them all up but simply

bottoming them. All we had to do was

to set up the grade line above the ditch

and level the bottom before the tile were

laid. Before the tile arrived there came

a heavy rain and it cost me in the neigh-

borhood of $100 to clean out the ditches

that caved in. Now, if we had had the

tile and laid them as fast as we dug the

ditch all this expense would have been

avoided.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





MOISTURE IN THE SOIL.





 





Water exists in the soil in a number

of forms. The two that 'we have to deal

with mostly are: Free water and capil-

lary water. The free water of the soil

is that which we have in our springs,

wells, etc. It flows under the influence

of gravity. It is mostly directly bene-

ficial to plants, but is detrimental to them

if it rises too near the surface. It keeps

the soil cold and excludes air. The lat-

ter is very essential to the roots of grow-

ing plants. The free water is valuable,

however, as a source from which capil-

lary water is drawn during the very dry

time. Capillary water is the chief source

from which plants derive their supply.

It exists as a'film surrounding the soil

particles or grains, that is, when the tex-

ture is right and the soil grains come in

close contact with one another. These

films of water have the power of jump-

ing from one grain to another and are be—

ing continually drawn to the surface by

a force known as capillary attraction.

This force, while we cannot see it, is

always operating. The moisture from

below is being drawn to the surface and

is being carried away by the sun and

wind. What we want to do is to prevent

this moisture from escaping directly at

the surface of the soil; but instead make

it pass off through the tissue of the

plants. Nature’s way of preventing the

escape of moisture in the forest that once

covered our land, was by a mulch of

leaves, which broke the connection be-

tween the moist earth upderneath and

the atmosphere. We all have noticed

that if a board becomes partially embed-

ded in the earth there is always moisture

under it, no matter how dry it may be

around it. Some people say the board

did not draw the moisture, but simply

prevented it from escaping. Now, we

cannot have forest conditions in our cul-

tivated fields, neither can we cover them

with boards; but we can get fairly good

results by using the dry earth as a soil

mulch, that is, make the surface of the

soil for a depth of two or three inches

very fine. By keeping it stirred fre-

quently with a cultivator or harrow, it is

easy to prevent the capillary tubes or

pores from running to the surface, thus

evaporation is curtailed. We all know

that if the soil is allowed to become baked

or crusted it becomes porous and full of

tubes or chimneys through which the

moisture from below readily escapes; but





’





THE MICHIGANFA'RMER. ‘(3) 467





if we keep the surface stirred and fine

these outlets cannot form and evapora—

tion is materially lessened.



Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





THE PROPER DEPTH T0 PLOW.





 





Dr. Franklin, 3. man of wonderful abil-



ity, wrote:

“Plow deep, while sluggards sleep,

And have some grain. to sell, and keep."



The doctor was a printer, philosopher,

and statesman, but never a farmer, and

consequently formed his opinion on gen-

eral principles, and not from practice. The

prevailing opinion among farmers today

seems to be that land should be plowed

deep, or shallow, according to the nature

and depth of the soil. A deep, rich soil

may raise a better crop if plowed deep,

so as to let the roots of plants go down

to get moisture in a dry season, and af—

fording a more extensive feeding ground

for them to forage in, to obtain plant

food, and promote greater growth at all

times. A thin soil will produce a better

crop, by plowing shallow, and not burying

the fertile surface soil so deep that the

roots of plants do not reach it until they

are weary and weak, and the leaves are

looking yellow and sickly.



Nothing has been more surely estab-

lished by the writer's eXperience than the

impropriety of turning the thin top soil

to the bottom of a deep furrow, and un-

less there is given at the same time it is

done, a top-dressing of manure there will

be a positive damage to the land, and to

several succeeding crops.



Some Years ago the writer tried the ex—

periment of deep plowing on what is

called the “flats," or bottom lands along

the Susquehanna river. The soil was a

deep alluvial, sandy loam, every particle

of which had been brought down and de-

posited by floods in the river. A heavy

timothy sod was turned down as deeply

as the strength of two good teams could

do it, or about nine inches. A neighbor

came into the field and said: “I would

not have you plow my land so deep, if

you would do it for nothing." About one-

fourth of an acre was plowed only five

inches deep. It was planted with corn,

well tended, and the whole field produced

a good average crop. No difference what-

ever could be seen between that part

which was plowed deep, and the part

plowed shallow, and no difference was

found at husking. A dry season might

have made a difference in favor of the

deeply plowed portion. Several years at-

terwards the same experiment was re—

peated on the same field, (except that

there was no sod to break), with the

same result as before. The weed seeds

not having been buried so deeply on the

shallow plowing, were up sooner, and

more troublesome to subdue. My con-

clusion from the results of these experi-

ments was that a deep, rich soil will

bear deep plowing and thereby bury the

weed seed deeper, and enable the plants

which are cultivated to send their roots

down deeper in search of moisture in a

dry season.



With our upland the case is different.

The top soil is a thin vegetable mold, and

the subsoil is a compact, sterile clay, with

but little capacity to absorb warmth from

the sun. I had a field of such land that

had been cropped twice after clearing,

and was full of small stumps which had

become loose, so that by putting two

teams to the plow the stumps could be

turned out. This was done, and the field

was deeply plowed, and sown with oats

at the proper time. The season was fav-

orable for oats, but on“ this field the

plants looked yellow when they came up,

and continued to look sickly and yellow,

until they got ripe, and were so short

the could not be‘\ cradled—had to be

mown—«and I never had a doubt that

plowing so deeply injured the crop more

than 50 per cent in yield.



Several years after, in plowing an ad-

joining field (of the same kind of soil),

that had been in grass, the plow was set

to plow a shallow furrow, but when

about half plowed, the wheel that regu-

lated the depth of the furrow, got broken

and the plow at once pitched down two

or three inches deeper. Corn was plant-

ed, and as soon as it came up the very

place where the wheel broke could be

seen by the color of the corn. It was

green where the ground was plowed shal-

low, and a sickly yellow where it was

plowed deeply. The stalks and ears were

smaller, and the yield of grain much less

on the deeply plowed portion.



Pa. J. W. INGRAM.





 





The national bank examiner of this

district reports Michigan banks to be in

splendid condition.





 





This illustration shows the prOper





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in all sizes for men of all ages, in hundreds

of natty styles. These clothes are the most per-

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to fit—will retain their shape, and give the wearer twice

the service of ordinary clothes, yet they cost no more.

Prices range from $15.00 to $30.00.



We issue a handsome style book that tells where you

can purchase Adler’s Collegian Clothe: in your town, or

vicinity. It’s free. Write for it.





David Adler 8c Sons Clothing Co.

Makers - Milwaukee





(THE STANDARD BY WHICH ALL OTHERS ARE JUDGED)





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PRAIRIE lANll





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





 





With some timber.

CIIIM‘II. Good slim-fie, lure rainfall, fine not! and water,

two nilro-dl, two more coming, big crops, long 3

god marten. on direct I]. B. Lin, llnd pays for me

three years or [out Write for free Inn 1. Buy tar-u.

cheap exonmom. somumuim-mm IAN LAND 00.,

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Belt grlin Ind cattle dlltriot o!
468 (4)





VYVYVYVV—Y. YYVYVYYVVYVY





 





 





 





p



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b

L»





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Buying Feed for Pigs.





Will you tell me through your paper

whether there is anything to be made out

of 20 pigs where I have to buy all of the

feed? Have about four pails of milk a

day to mix with ground feed. How much

do I. need to put them up to 175 lbs?

\Vhich is best, half-and-half of corn meal

and middlings, or more corn meal? Have

about half an acre of orchard to ploy;r

and put into forage crop. Which is

best, rape or peas and cats, or oats

seeded with clover?



Oakland Co. G. H.





It is impossible to predict with any de-

gree of accuracy what future market con-

ditions will be, and without knowing

what a finished product will be worth,

or exactly what the raw material which

enters into the making of that product

will cost, it is impossible to tell whether

it will be produced at a profit or not.

However, with skim-milk available for

use in making up the ration, and ground

upon which to raise a forage crop for

summer pasture. there Would certainly

be no risk to run in keeping these pigs,

and a fair prospect of making a good

profit. The skim-milk should be mixed

with corn meal and in the proportion of

1 to 3 lbs. of skim-milk to 1 lb. of corn

meal. Then sufficient middlings should

be used in the slop fed the pigs to make

up the desired bulk in the ration. This

will make a well balanced ration for

young pigs, and with some green forage

they will grow well upon it if fed liber-

ally. The amount of grain required to





produce a given amount of gain in pigs:





varies in proportion with the age and

weight of the pig, but will range from 350

to 500 lbs. of grain for 100 lbs. of gain.

The forage crop which would give the

best results during the season would be

a mixture of oats and rape, since this

could be pastured earlier than the oats

and peas, although if other grass is avail—

able for earlier feed the oats and peas

would make a more valuable feed late in

the season, since the grain produced

help out materially in finishing the pigs

for market.

The Ration for Growing Colts.



A. Leelanau county subscriber asks how

much and what kind of grain should be

fed to a yearling colt. The question of

the proper ration for growing colts is one

which should be more carefully studied

by the average farmer, since not a little

of the future value and usefulness of the

horse depends upon the feeding and care

given to the growing colt. “'ith colts, as

with all other animals, the development

must be continuous from birth to matu-

rity it' the possibilities of the colt are to

be fully developed. It the horse. pro-

duced is to attain a maximum value, the

colt must be so fed as to be well nour-

ished at all times and make a continuous

growth. Any unfavorable conditions

which check the cons growth will affect

the future size and symmetrical develop-

ment of the horse and decrease his value

accordingly. Thus, in order to produce

the best results the ration should not only

be plentiful, but should be so compounded

as to produce a symmetrical development

of the body. The ration should not be





one which will tend to fatten rather than

grow the colt, since it is essential that

material be supplied for the making of





bone and muscle during the growing pe—

riod. Thus a balanced ration should be

provided.



Oats with bright clover hay made for

roughage, or good pasture during the

summer season will prove very satisfac-

tory as a grain ration, with perhaps a

little bran added, and if desired some

corn meal and oil meal can be used with

the oats. But the amount of grain to

feed cannot be fixed arbitrarily; it is an

individual problem with each colt. Enough

should be fed to keep the colt in a

thrifty, growing condition, with plenty of

flesh, yet without overloading him with

fat. if the colt has been properly fed

from weaning time, it will not be a diffi-

cult matter to so regulate the grain ra-

tion as to bring about this result. Any

change either in the composition of the

grain ration or the amount fed should be

made gradually. but it will pay to feed

some grain while the colts are on pas-

ture, as it will crowd them along more.

rapidly. The common practice of feeding

no grain while the colts are on pasture,

even when the pasture gets poor, is one

to be condemned. Every favorable con-

dition should be supplied in summer as

well as winter, and a colt on poor pasture

in the middle of summer, when the files

are troublesome, will often receive 3.





THE, MICHIGAN FARMERS





check in growth which it takes weeks of

good feeding to overcome, and means

just that much loss of time in his proper

development.



Turning the Cattle to Pasture.



There is a great "tendency among

farmers, especially in a season like the

present when there is a shortage of hay

as is the case upon many farms, to turn

the cattle to pasture and stop feeding

them entirely as soon‘as they are able

to get a bite of grass. This is a poor

policy, since, when the grass first starts

it is very succulent, and not as nutritious

as it is after it has attained some growth,

and it is so great a change from dry

feed that the animal’s digestive organs

are ill prepared for it. The consequence

is that with this abrupt change of feed

scouring will often ensue, and while this

physicking may cleanse the system and

leave the animal in good condition to

gain when the grass gets more heart, yet

this process entails considerable shrink-

age of flesh which is unnecessary and

which might just as easily be avoided if

a little more judgment were used in mak-

ing this change from dry feed to grass.

Farmers often declare that their stock

will not eat dry feed after they are

turned to pasture. If the change is made

as abruptly as is above described they

will not, but if the change is made grad-

ually and the animals are turned to grass

for an hour or so at first during the day,

they will eat their grain ration and some

dry fodder, especially bright clover hay

if it is available. The consequence will

be that instead of shrinking badly the

animals will continue to thrive, and the

salutary effects of the green feed will be

noticed much more quickly than would

be the case if the change were made too

abruptly.



ll. hat is true with regard to the cattle

in this'respect is equally true with the

sheep. The dairyman usually avoids this

trouble since he has learned that it pays

to keep up the grain ration and to give

some dry fodder until the cows are ac-

customed to the change. It pays just as

well to give this matter some thought

and to exercise some care in making the

change from dry to green feed with the

young cattle and other stock.





 





80W RAPE IN THE BARN LOTS.





 





On nearly every farm there are unused

steer-feeding lots or hog yards or other

odd pieces of ground' that frequently are

not used for any purpose outside of the

feeding season. All such patches ought

to be put to some productive crop.



In our experience we have found rape

to be one of the very best of crops for

this purpose. The ground being very rich

from the large amount of manure upon

it, produces a very rank growth of foli-

age. This is all right in a crop used

strictly for forage rape. Rape may be

sown any time up to midsummer, provid-

ing there is plenty of moisture. Yards

that we have utilized for this purpose

have usually been very hard and required

careful pulverlzing, following the plow.

Nearly always it has been necessary to

use the disc harrow before the surface

could be worked into a suitable seed bed.



These small patches of rape make

splendid supplemental pastures during

the season. “hen the regular pastures

begin to dry up there is nothing nicer

than an acre or two of rape onto which

to turn the sheep. For young lambs at

weaning time nothing could be better.

life are always anxious to keep the

youngsters growing during this trying

time and rape is the best we have found

yet for that reason when the blue grass

is usually rather short.



Last year we had a piece of ground

containing a little more than one acre

that was seeded to rape during May. This

‘was allowed to grow unpastured until

about the middle of July. Then we turned

in a bunch of 45 spring lambs. These

lambs were pastured every night on that

small patch of rape until well along in

October. During part of the time the

regular pasture was quite short and the

youngsters had to subsist largely upon

the rape. It is safe to say that they ob-

tained half their keep for more than

three months from that small patch of

rape. ‘



For hogs it is very good also. Last

season a man nearby pastured a bunch

of pigs on a lot containing about an acre

of rape. The young porkers always look-

ed well and made very satisfactory gains.

The rape was never pastured more than

half what it might have been, yet the

owner figured at the end of the season

that he had made over $30 worth of pork

from that acre.





Iowa. H. E. MCCARTHY.





THE FARMER AS A BREEDER.





 





It is of great importance to every

farmer, great or small, who in any way

uses live stock in his system of farming,

to have improved types of animals. Such

animals better meet some of the wants

of man than the common stock of the

country. Vi'hether a single animal or

family or breed is improved so far as the

farmer is concerned, depends on what the

requirements are. The first question in

selecting stock is: What are they want-

ed for?



In these days of close competition and

high-priced animal foods, farmers must

have animals that possess the highest

possible development for one special pur-

pose, that is, the highest possible devel-

opment that can be attained without

weakening their vital functions. In some

cases animals are kept for more than

one purpose. Such animals cannot be

highly developed in both directions, but

may be symmetrically developed in two

or more natural functions. It is a serious

mistake to multiply the difficulties of

breeding by attempting to breed animals

that excel in more than one line of pro-

duction. '



The special dairy farmer need not be

troubled by the fact that other farmers,

in selecting cattle for breeding, look al-

most exclusively to indications of special

adaptability for beef production, while a

much greater number wisely say they find

their wants best met by the cattle which

have had their natural capabilities for

both beef and milk-giving, cultivated to

equal degrees. The great mass of special

dairy farmers will do well to select and

breed for the highest possible develop-

ment of the milk-giving functions with-

out impairing health and vigor.





Type vs. Pedigree.





In selecting animals individual merit is

of first importance. If this be inherited

the probable value of the animal as a

breeder is greatly increased. Pedigree is

valuable because it is the safest guide in

determining the qualities of the ances-

tors. Pedigree is not always proof of in-

dividual merit, but a first-class animal

is a living witness of a good pedigree.



Environment, heredity and conditions

of life causes a variation in the type of

farm animals. The possibilities of devel-

opment of an animal depend upon what

it has inherited from its ancestors. The

extent to_which this development may go

will be determined by the conditions that

surround it. The breeding and developing

of improved types of live stock need not

necessarily be a matter of chance, as

many seem to think, but a matter of ac-

curate and well-defined knowledge. Years

ago a few far-seeing men saw the need

of animals that would convert their food

into animal products in paying quantities.

They began the selection of animals of

the desired quality. In the course of

time they developed meat producing ani-

mals with strong backs and well-sprung

ribs, well developed in the quarters, well

let down in the flank, with a soft, mellow

hide, straight top and bottom lines, and

a tendency to locate as much as possible

of their flesh on parts that command the

most money in the markets. This line oil

breeding has been pursued until the ani-

mals possessed the true meat—making

from. They are able to reproduce this

form with certainty, because they have

acquired the fixed habit of economically

converting their food into the higher-

priced cuts of meat. In the same way

the breeders of dairy cattle, horses and

poultry have been able to develop im-

proved types and breeds, each breed or

variety developed for some special or par-

ticular purpose, and with the inherited

tendency of doing their best work in their

particular line.



Pure-Bred Vs. Scrub Stock.



l’i'hy should the average farmer be in-

terested in keeping improved stock? Be-

cause he grows crops on his farm which

he desires to convert into money. He

may sell his creps or feed them to live

stock. If he sells his crops in the mar-

ket he expects the highest price and in

this kind of a deal he is characterized

as a sharp business man. But, in case

he desires to feed out his crops on his

farm, he frequently exercises anything

but sound judgment and selects animals

for the purpose of converting his crops

into money which are not capable of re—

turning a fair market price for them.

Instead of well-improved animals, that

have been bred and perfected by years

of experience for the purpose of making

some particular product most econom-

ically and profitably, he selects animals

regardless of age. type or capacity. It is

astonishing that so many farmers still

persist in feeding crops to unimproved





 





 

 





 





   

   





Put Money

intoYo'urHogs





It isn’t what a

pig eats that

. makes him fat—

it’s what he

digests.



Sugar is a great





   

   

   

   

 

 

 





   

   

 

 

 





 

 





~ fattener, but it

F; must be fed to

.- -"~ . an mals in



all .1 t i! m ,

‘t l I illillllii the right





form.

Here it is.





Vanni

a

1m





   

 





 

 





 





 

 





Buckeye

Feeding Molasses





mixed with the regular feed. according

to our directions. makes more and

better pork because it aids digestion.

keeps the stomach and digestive

organs in good order and adds fat.



Every hog a big hog—no mints.



Also splendid for horses. cattle and

cheap; 9. money maker for every

farmer and stock raiser.





OurFi-eo Trial Offer





Tell us on a post card how many head

of cattle, horses. pigs and sheep you

feed and give your name and address.

We will make you a “positive-proof ”

offer. Write today.





W. II. EDGAR 8 SON,





542 Lafayette Blvd.,

DETROIT, - MICHIGAN.





$50 To’sauo SAVED





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lower than dulcn or )obbero have to pay for

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From



1 y no-



GALLOWAY Q.

Price and quality speak for themselves "'7. °"



and you are to be the sole fudge. Dan I".





/’ Trill. Satisfac-

/ tion or money

back.Write forspec-

Ial proposition. All

you pay me is for raw

, material, labor and

one small profit. Send for

my big BOOK FREE.





Wm. Galloway, Pres.

Wm. Galloway Co.

045 Holloway Stow



Wok-loo. look





Sell your poorest horse and buy a





6-H.-P. Mb” 19. 50

‘ . fl—x ‘- ,





 

 





 





 





dun INDIANA AND ouio





live Stock Insurance Co.





The pioneer and leader in live stock insurance.

200,000 Paid-up Capital.





Insurer; horses mules and cattle against death from

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Let us show you w y you can’t afford

to be without live stock insurance.





Home office. 130 Main St, Crawfordsville, Ind.





Percheron, Belgian, Shire and

Hackney Stallions and Mares





As fine lot as there is in America 3 to 4 years old

with lots or uality and cod i (ii 'i ‘ '

fill) to 2200 bg n v duals, weighing





orpmiaturingI ted SI 5.



r can on mpor tallions. $1,000 to $1.200.

American Bred Stallions. 800 _

tations to arrive Feb. 18 and lain-ch tlgt.$900' Impor

LEW W. COCHRAN. Crawfordsvllle, Ind.





Office 109% South Washington St.





JACKS and MULES





Raise Mules and get rich.

For the next 20 days. 400

head of line large Jacks.

Jonnys and Mules. 14 to 17

hands high at. $4 off. Come

soon to; 3 taut-gag? Stock

gnoran e . ri or rioes

to-day. Address. p





Krekler's Jack Farm.

WEST ELKTON. OHIO.

Branch Barns. (ill-ton, Ind.





Belgian, Percheron and Shire





 





Stallion: and Brood Ham





~ 40 head of prize-winnnera

_ i to arrive March %. Plenty

~ of mates in foal. A gnar-

antee with each animal.





': Prices reasonable.

. a 3 _ WES!!! 3303., Importers,

» Dom. M, ngonlor, Ind.

EGIBTERED PEROHERONB FOR SALE—1 more





coming 2 yrs. old and lot 111

both blooky aye. M. A. Blair? 83:38.1 $053.1.





BELGIAN HORSES. "yeasts;





Horses write n. n. JUMP. Munitiiiamomnn. .
' APRIL 22. 1911s,





ep Hogs





 





\Hcalthy





14





r,

6





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





Blood Poison—I have a. Holstein cow

that has several suppurative sores on

head, neck and brisket and would like

to know what ails her, and also, have

you prescribe a remedy. H. E. 0., Osseo,

Mich.——Give your cow 2 drs. iodide potas-

sium and 1 oz. fluid extract sarsaparilla

at a dose in feed two or three times a

day. This will cleanse her blood. Open

up abscesses freely, allowing as perfect

drainage as possible and inject one part

tincture iodine and eight parts water once

a day for five days, then inject one part

carbolic acid and 20 parts water into

wounds twice a day.. To superficial sha1~

low wounds apply equal parts boric acid

and oxide of zinc twice a day.



Bowel Infection—My six month-old calf

seemingly lost her appetite; I gave her





up with others. If the calves are kept in

separate quarters, will they show the

disease when older? Can healthy calves

be infected by feeding them milk drawn

from cows suffering from contagious

abortion? Is there any danger of healthy

cows becoming infected by running in a

pasture that has been inhabited by dis—

eased cows the year before? Will sheep

contract this disease when in contact

with diseased cows? T. B. P., Byron

Cent're, Mich.——Fatten all barren dis-

eased cows, separate those that you be-

lieve cured and that have carried their

calf full time. The milk does not contain

abortive germs, but these germs may

drop off the udder or hind quarters of

cows into milk and possibly produce the

disease in pregnant cows.





I do not re-I





 





 





.Put It Up

To Us





Don't hold yourself respon-





 





epsom salts, which relieved. costiveneSS: gard a pasture that has been used last} sible for the mistakes you

Iflu‘mw 0 since then she has been losmg flesh and year very dangerous to other cows, if: have made In judgmg har-

. . , .'~ Is no better. Her bowel movements are kept on it this year, Sheep, sows and> ness quality.





   





'A'bIIS'PING TANK PI: A HOG WALLOW





KREsd'DIP N9.l





WILL DO THE WORK _





- THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR LOUSY MANGV

4. UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF YOU HAVE. SOME

. OF THIS KIN‘D VOU WILL FIND IT WORTH

WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON

" TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELLS

HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT





. ,... -



'KRESO DIP NQI

IS A REAL NECESSITV

ABOUT ALL LIVE STOCK

FOR KILLING LICE.TICKS.MI‘I’ES.FLEAS.

FOR TREATING SCAB.MANGE.RINGWORM.



AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES:

.To DISINFECT.DEODORIZE,

'CLEANSE a. PURIFY.

ALL or THESE uses FULLY DESCRIBED

IN OUR BOOKLETS. WRITE FOR comes

ASK YCIUR DRUGCIST FOR KRESO DIP NO]





PARKE,DAVIS 8: (20..





DEPART ME NT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.





/

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\ -I)I:TIzoIT»IuII:It-





\0.

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WILL NOT SCAR OR BLEMISH.





GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





Is the safest and most effective lotion or

J blister for ailments oi





HORSES and CATTLE





and supersedes all cautery or firin .



It is pre ared exclusively by J. E. Gom-

bault, ex- eterinary Surgeon to the French

Government Stud.





. As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

~ man-m, Spralne. Sore Throat, etc., it

Is Invaluable.



Every bottle of Call-tic Balsam sold II

Warranted to ve satisfaction. Price 1. 0

per bottle. 80 d by druggiste or sent by ex-

press, charges paid. with full directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-



nials, etc. Address





m LAWlllllGl-WILLIAIS COIN“. Cleveland. Ohio.





MINERAL

HEAVE.

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”kCUREs





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

 





 

   





NBGLECT 2/ _ W

IIIII Iluln I‘HEAVES - / ,

Your lIom }‘ . . . _ ‘ , ,

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or on y 3 PA a

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' money refunded.

8| PACKAGE

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SAFE qs . A ents Wanted 1 1

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Mineral linen Remedy 80.. 483 fourth Ava, Pittsburs. PI.





THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS

that make a. horse Wheeze,

Boar, have Thick Wind or

Choke-down, can be re-

moved with





also any Bunch or Swelling. No





 





 





blister, no hair gone, and

horse kept at work. 32 or bot-

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tle delivered. Book .



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ognosfidPai 166111, blgn‘tlitted

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W. F.YOUNG. N). F. 26810I'nole 8t" SprlnstleIMIen.





mixed with blood and mucus. F. L.

McD., Levering, Mich.—~Give her 20 drops

of fluid extract nux vomica, a teaspoonful

fiuid extract cinchona and a teaspoonful

fluid extract buchu at a dose three times

a day. A change of food in such cases

has a ’good effect.



Dead Calf—I have a heifer that is now

due to calve soon and I am inclined to

believe the calf is dead; if so, what had I

better do? 0. C. O., Baraga, Mich—Give

your cow enough epsom salts in solution

as a drench or enough raw linseed oil to

keep the bowels acting freely and if your

cow does not clean properly within a few

hours after calving, the afterbirt-h should

be removed and the, uterus washed out

with one part carbolic acid and 100 parts

tepid water daily.



Navel Infection—I am at a loss to know

what ails some of our calves, for they

seem to be strong when born and remain

all right until they are two or three days

old, then gradually grow weaker and

weaker from fever until they die. H. 8.,

Lucas, Mich—Your calves die the result

of navel infection and it can easily be

avoided by applying any good home heal-

ing remedy to the navel twice a day,

commencing soon after birth. Apply one

part carbolic acid and 10 or 12 parts of

glycerine or dust on boric acid, or apply

one part bichloride of mercury and 1,000

parts water twice a day. There are many

other healing remedies equally as good

as those I have mentioned.



Miscarriage—Clinging Afterbirth. w I

have a cow that came fresh two months

too soon and has not cleaned; I am feed-

ing her boiled oats and liaxseed. \Vould

feeding raw potatoes have a tendency to

produce abortion in this cow? I). M. If"

Tawas City, Mich—If the potatoes did

not produce a diarrhoea they would not

hasten calving much. The afterbirth

should always be removed within 12 or

28 hours after calving, if it does not come

away before, then inject her with one

part carbolic acid and 100 parts water.



Congestion of Lungs.—~My ewes appear

to be in splendid conditions, but their

lambs do not live but a few hours and

six of the ten have died. \K'hat caused

their death? They show great weakness,

but few, if any, other symptoms. H. W.

B., West Branch, Mich.~—Your lambs die

of acute congestion of the lungs or else

from virulent navel infection; however,

I am inclined to believe it lung trouble.

All you can do is to keep them warm and

dry for a few days after they are born.



Sore Mouth—Fits—I recently bought a

carload of western ewes and nearly all of

them are troubled with sore mouths and

some of our native sheep have also sore

mouth. \Ve also have some sheep that

are occasionally troubled with fits but

these attacks do not last long. A. E. B.,

Mud Lake, Mich—Dissolve 3 ozs. borax

in a gallon of water and apply to mouths

once or twice a day, and give the sheep

that have fits 2 ozs. of castor oil after

they show a fitty condition; also give 5

grs. bromide of potash at a dose three or

four times a day. Their bowels should

be kept open.



Navel Infection—Some of the young

pigs from two different sows die when a

week or ten days old Without showing

very many symptoms of disease and I

would like to know what ails them. H.

C. N., Vandalia, Mich—If you will apply

one part carbolic acid and 15 parts glyc-

erine to their navels, commencing right

away after birth and making these appli—

cations daily until the wound heals, they

will not die; of course, they should be

kept as clean and comfortable as pos-

sible.



indigestion—Reading





the veterinary





3column of the Michigan Farmer has been





a great help to me and I would like to

know what to give to a boar that is

troubled with indigestion. A. P. A., Sut-

tons Bay, Mich—Give him one part bi-

carbonate soda, one part ground gentian,

two parts ginger. four parts charcoal, a

teaspoonful or two at a dose in feed

three times a day.



Dog Sucks Eggs—I have a female col-

lie dog that has contracted the habit of

sucking eggs and as she is a good farm

dog I dislike to destroy her. N. . C.,

Mt. Pleasant, Mich—Punish her when

catching her in the act, or fill an egg

shell with fluid extract of capsicum and

close the hole and place the egg within

her reach, and if she will break the shell,

the result will be a good sore mouth and

she will perhaps be shy of eggs ever

after.



Bog Spavin,—I have a brood mare due

to foal May 15, that starts lame, but

soon warms out of it. The only blemish

noticeable is in hock joint, there being a

puffy swelling. C. H., Bronson, Mich.—

Your mare suffers from incipient bog

spavin lameness and she will be relieved

somewhat by applications of equal parts

spirits of camphor and tincture of io—

dine; these applications should be made

three or four times a week. She should

not be treated with harsh blisters, until

after she foals.



ContagiOus Abortion—My cows have

suffered from contagious abortion and I

have been partially successful in raising

some of their calves, but most of the

cows have now become barren; therefore

I am going to dispose of them and stock





mares will contract the disease almost

as readily as other cows if kept near dis-

eased cows. I sugest that you keep up

the use of disinfectants and germ-killing

preparations about your stable.

VVarblcs—\Yorms.—~I would like to know

of a remedy for grubs in the back of cat—

tle and would

had better give for worms in horses. A.

B. F., Eagle, Mich—Use a sharp pen

knife and make opening in back a little

larger, then squeeze out grub and be

sure to kill them.





to sores once a day. For worms





 





also like to know what I'





Also apply boric acid;

in 2





horses give 1 dr. santonine and 1/2 dr. of:





calomel at a dose two or

week in a well salted bran mash.



Lump

that I have been treating for lump jaw

according to your directions is much bet—

ter and the bunch is almost gone, but her

udder is inflamed some and she is not

due to come fresh until May 15. F. E.

D., Climax, Mich—You had better keep

up the treatment for lump jaw a little

longer. Apply equal parts alcohol and

warm water to swollen udder twice a

day and if you can ascertain the cause

of it remove it. Give her 1A; oz. powdered

saltpeter at a dose in feed twice a day

for several days and if her bowels are

costivc give some epsom salts to loosen

them.



Navicular Disease—I have a four-year-

old mare that recently showed lameness

in one fore leg and I had her examined

by our local Vet.; he pronounced it coffin

joint lameness. Now, 1 would like to

have you prescribe a remedy.

peer, Mich—«Blister coronet with

part red

cerate of cantharides once a week or ten

days.





one





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





 





William Knecht, of Indiana, showed up

in the Chicago market recently with 14

Shorthorn steers that averaged 1,617 lbs.

and sold at $6.60 per 100 lbs. Mr. Knecht

bred and fed these cattle, which were

three-year—olds. He is one of the largest





farmers in Indiana, owning 920 acres that:





is valued at swam/200 an acre.





In recent weeks Kansas City has been,





three times a'





.law—Inliamed Udder.—The cow'





J. S., La—.





iodide mercury and 10 parts‘





shipping about 40 per cent of its caitlc‘

receipts back to feeding districts, a move— ,





ment entirely unique.

of southern Missouri and northern Ar—

kansas, that in past years supplied Kan-

sas City with thousands of light stock

cattle

on the Kansas City market.



The almost constant

hog market has not been much of a sur—

prise to most stock feeders in the corn

belt states, for the lime has arrived when

a lower level of prices was to be expect-

ed. Several causcs have contributed to





bring this about, and now the only dues-I

tion generally asked is where the down-r

Of course, ral- ‘,

lies in prices from time to time are to be’





ward movement will stop.





expected, and the volume of the receipts

will count a good deal, as well as the

purchases made in the Chicago market

by eastern shippers. Of late this demand

has been most pronounced on Monday,

the day of the week when the receipts

are practically certain to be much lower





tnan on any other day, resulting natu-

rally In lowor values.

Arizona shcepmen expect to market





about 75,000 sheep and lambs this spring,

and shipments will start up from the

first to the middle of May. (truss is the

best reported in ten years, and llocks are

expected to go to market in fine condi-

tion. A few spring lambs are always

marketed early, along in April, but heavy

shipments are not looked for before the

latter part of July or the first of August.



Reports from ’I‘cxas state that while a





good lamb “crop” is counted upon, the

aggregate supply will not be large, as

Texas has a great scarcity of ewes as





compared with former years when that

state led the entire country in mutton

production. Texas sheep have been mov-

ing to market, but no large movement is

expected before the latter part of April.



Michigan and Ohio farmers have fed

a great many sheep and lambs during the

past winter, and considerable disappoint-

ment has been felt because prices were

not higher. but everyone understands that

the feeding industry has been overdone,

as is nearly always the case after a year

of scarcity and extremely high prices.

Looking ahead, and judging merely from

past experience, a prophet would say

that another year will see limited sheep

feeding and a return of high prices. Mut-

ton has become more popular with meat-

eaters of late than ever before, one rea-

son being the improved quality of a large

part of the mutton offered for sale in the

retail meat markets, but it must be ad-

mitted that its reduced price has a great

deal to do with the growing sales. The

export demand for live muttons is ex-

tremely irregular and not to be depended

upon. When exporters are in the mar-

ket there is a good outlet for fat heavy

sheep. yearlings and lambs at relatively

high prices, but at other times heavy lots

can be sold only by offering them at a

considerable discount in prices from those

asked for light weights.





The Ozark region‘





is now buying cattle of that class‘





weakness of the





 





Almost anybody can be

deceived in a. finished harness,

for only an expert of long

experience can be trusted to

discover soft spots and defects

that occur in even the best

grades or harness leather.





Confidence in the skill of

our experts and in the old

fashioned bark tannage by

which our leather is prepared

—-a process that requires five

months to tan a single hide——

enables us to make ‘ ‘Guaran-

teed Quality" 9. part of the

name of Williams’ Harness.





Put it up to us, Mr. Harness

User, and let us return your

money if any harness you bu

from us fails to give the in -

est measure of satisfaction.





 





 





 





Owing to the late spring

we are oflering a special in-

ducement to harness buyers

in the above Williams' Double





Farm Harness. We will fill

orders for this harness at the

special prices quoted below

until June 30th only. Send

TODAY for a fuller descrip-

tion. if desired.





Williams’ Double Farm Har-

ness: Bridles, 34—inch; Concord

Blinds—-I.ines. 1 -inch, 20 feet long

-—Breast Straps and Martingales,

IM-inch—Traces, 1 M; and 1%-

inch; three rows of stitching.





$22.50

$23.50





Our Special Harness Catalog fully

describes more than seventy different

atterns of Williams' Guaranteed

uallty Harness; also saddles and

saddlery goods of every kind. Free

for the asking. You need this book

if you want harness of quality.





SEARS. ROE BUCK





KI E wrows H EAVE

coucu, DISTEMPER c u R E





AND INDIGESTION





: r second $1.00 can cures lleaves. The third

" _ can is guaranteed to cure _

c or money refunded. '





No. IOGI9554 1%-

inch traces. without collars,





No. I 06 I 9555 1%-

lnch traces. Without collars,





   

   

 





 





 





 





AND CU,

Cl llC.\(‘.(I





 





 





 





   

 





. / The Standard ete -

Makes the i one Strong and aillfi: 0126679333.

CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING THE CAUSE

which Is Indigestion. Send for booklet “Horse Troub-

les.” Ex lains fully about the Wind, Throat, Stomach

and B100 . Newton’siesafcforcolt, adultormarein 109.1

I GRAND CONDITIONER AND WORM EXPELLER

31.00 a can at dealers. or express prepaid

THE NEWTON REMEDY 00.. Toledo, 0hlo





IIIIIVEY BOLSTEII SPRIIIIS





Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a Ipl'IlII .

wagon, therefore fruit. vegetables, eggs, etc..

bring more Fancy. Ask for special ro osition.

Harvey Spring 00., 152~17th SL. ac e, Wis. .





 





   

   

 





 

   





 

 

 

 





 





Indispensable on every farm;

flesves the time and money you

‘1 would spend on a public scnlc,and

= sures perfect accuracy al-

> . . . ways. Good foralii’e-

. .-.-‘.;"I.Ime. Send for catalogue.

‘4’ Osgood Scale 00..

In 128. Monaural. II. I.





 

 

 

     





 





Steel _ 5’

cm GUARANTEED.

Dr. Frank‘s Remedy 00., Detroit,



Kich., will tell you how FREE-





IIEIIVES





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARMS!

when you are writing to advertisers.
470 (6)





Leucorrhea. ——I bought a ten- year-old

mare some time ago and with the excep-

tion of having a vaginal discharge she is

all right. She is much worse when work-

ing, than if idle. J. 0. 8.. Independence,

Iowa. —Give her 2 drs. urltone at a dose

in feed twice a day, also give two table-

spoonfuls of bicarbonate soda at a dose

in feed three times a day. Dissolve 1 dr.

permanganate potash in a gallon of tepid

water and wash out vagina once or twice

a day.



Bunch in Teat.—Have a cow that has a

lump forming in teat and I would like to

know what can be done for her. G. H.,

Oxford, Mich—Apply iodine ointment to

bunch once a day and give her 1 dr. of

iodide potassium at a dose in feed twice

a day.



Indigestion—4 have a cow that had a

calf six weeks ago which is now in a

run-down condition, her appetite is poor

for hay and grain, but she is fond of po-

tatoes. Have given her Glauber's salts,

thinking perhaps it might improve her

condition and cause her to come in heat.

H. IL, Vassar, Mich—Give her two

tablespoonfuls of ground gentlan, two of

ginger and two of bicarbonate soda at a

dose in feed three times a,day.



Decreasing in Milk Supp1y.—-I have a

two-year-old heifer that came fresh five

Weeks ago, now she is drying up; she is

fed ground corn, oats and mixed hay. J.

H. 19.. Coral, Mich.-——Feed her more bran,

middlings and roots and give a table-

spoonful fluid extract gentian, a tea-

spooni‘ul powdered nux vomica, a table-

spoonful of bicarbonate soda and two

tablespoonfuls of ginger at a dose in feed

three times a day.



Stomach and Bowel Trouble—I have a

mare 22 years old that is fleshy and eats

well, but when driven seems to suffer

considerable pain. She Suffered from a

similar ailment 12 months ago, but seem-

ingly got over it. F. L. C., Schoolcraft,

Mich—«Give 1 oz. ground gentian, 1,5 oz.

ground ginger and 1 dr. powdered nux

vomica at a dose in feed three times a

day.





the newest of the Northern Pacific’ s afiiliated lines.

the heart of a vast and productive section, with an ideal climate.

adapted to general farming and fmit~growing. cattle raising and dairying_—particularly the

latter. on account of the unusually long grazing season.

developed.





Sleeping Cars over the“

L. J. BRICKER, Gen’l Immigration Agent





Let Us Tell You





About Central Oregon





The last large area of land in the country for the Home-

seeker—just opened by the building of the





Oregon Trunk Railway





Now is the time to buy land cheap.





Thro h the scenic Deschutes Valley into





This country is admirably





Numerous irrigation projects being





Get in on the ground floor.





Low Rate Round-trip Homeseekers’ Tickets





to all points on the new line to and including Madras and Metolius, Oregon,

on sale first and third Tuesdays of each month. $52. 50 from St. Paul- Minne-

apolis. $57.50 from Chicago—correspondingly low fares from all points in

the East, Middle West and South.

Get our new Oregon pamphlet — fully descriptive, with maps and illustra-

tions—and details about fares and daily throu h



Scenic Highway throng I: the Land of Fortune. "





A. M. CLESLANDul Geni’m. (Pass. Agent





8!. Paul.M





\ Northern Pacific Railway





 





electric- lighted Tourist





 





 





Use KEROSENE





Engine FREE!





 





 





Distemper——Scratches.—-I have a colt,





coming one year old that took distemper

four weeks ago and since then his legs

have stocked. l have been told that he

has farcy, but I doubt it; the sores on

legs are better. J.

Mich—Dissolve 4 07.3. acetate of lead,

3 ozs. sulphate zinc, 2 ozs. ol‘ carbolic acid

in a gallon of water and apply to sore

heels twice a day. Give 1,§ of a teaspoon-

ful of powdered nitrate of potash at a

dose in feed once or twice a day. Feed

some well-salted bran mashes and roots

to open the» bowels.



Bunch in Udder.—I would like to know

how to reduce a bunch that is situated in

back part of my cow's udder. A. 1)., G11-

bert, Mich—Give your cow 1 dr. iodide

potassium and 1 oz. of salt at a dose in

feed three times a day; also apply one

part red iodide mercury and eight parts

lard to back parts of udder directly over

bunch twice a week.





Breeding Question—I would like to

know how to manage a young mare that

I recently bought in Illinois and desire

to leave her to be bred, then ship her 100

miles by railroad and 300 miles by boat.

At what stage in pregnancy would it be

least liable to cause miscarriage. F. J.

13., Chicago, lll.—~']‘he sooner after she is

pregnant, the less liable she will be to

miScarry: however, it can be done with

safety any time up to the sixth or eighth

month.



Septic Poison—I recently lost a mare

that was sick only two days: the first

symptom she showed was swelling of

hind leg, which increased rapidly and in

12 hours she got down and was never

able to get up again. She seemed to have

paralysis of hind quarters. Nothing

passed her bowels after she took sick

and I am anxious to know what caused

her death. A. Mcl)., Leer, Mich.——Your

mare died the result of septic poison fol-

lowing a suppurative condition of the

lymphatic glands, or it may have been

uraemlc poison. Little can be done by

medication to check an acute ailment of

this kind.



Chronic Grease Heel—Yearling Colt

Scours.——I have a three—year-old filly that

was worked in mud last fall which caused

her heels to crack; since then her heels

have been inclined to crack and her legs

stock whcneVor she is worked. Have ap—

plied different preparations, but none of

them seem to heal the sores. I also have

a yearling colt that scours but appears to

be well other ways. Have been feeding

mixed hay, oats. cottonseed meal and

roots. It. M., Charlevoix, Mich—Apply

one part oxide of zinc and three parts

vasclinc to sores once a day; also give

her a dessertspoonful of Donovan‘s solu-

tion at a dose in feed three times a day.

For your yearling colt give a teaspoonful

of sub—nitrate of bismuth, a teaspoonful

of powdered cinnamon bark and two

tablespoonfuls ground ginger at a dose

in feed three times a day. Feed oats and

timothy hay.



Sore laurel have been a reader of the

.Mflchigan Farmer for many years and am

very much interested in your veterinary

department, but fail to find a remedy for

shaking ot‘ the head. My t‘our-year-old

mare acts as if the bridle hurt her head

or flies were bothering her and I would

like to know what you think ails 111-1: E.

A. H., Clinton, Michigan.~~lf you will

examine her car you will perhaps ascer-

tain the cause, or she may have a sore

tooth. or her bridle may not fit properly.

A close personal inspection should be

made in order to ascertain the cause of

her shaking head.



Abscess. —I have a sow that has a soft

puffy swelling on lowe1 part of ham,

which is very soft and painless A. L. 0.,

Stanton, Mich. ——Open abscess and allow

fluid to escape, you will find it contains

serum or pus. Then inject one part coal-





tar disinfectant and 50 of water twice

daily.





A. \V., Maple Grove?





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Amazing “DETROIT" Kero-

sene En me shipped on lbdays'

FREE rial. proves kerosene

cheapest, safest. most. powerful

fuel. If sat lsi'led. flay lowest

1‘ price ever given on re able form

3| engine; if not. pay nothing.





Gasoline Going Up!





Automobile owners are

burning u so muchg

linethutt eworid' ssu ply

is running short. Gnso glue

is 90 to 15c higher“ than coal

oil. Still go1ngup



ints of cool 01 do workw of



hree pints g11solino.No

waste. no e1' operation.l no

explosion from coal oil.





Amazing “DETROIT”





co'I'he “DETROIT" is the only engine that. handles

aloll successfully; uses alcohol. gasoline and benziue.

too. Starts without crsuking. Basic patent—only three moving

psm‘no cams—no sprockets—no gears—no vslves—the utmost

in simplicity. power and strength. Mounted on skids. All sizes,

2&0 £020 [1 p. , in stock ready to ship. Complete engine tested just

before crating. Comes all resdyto run. Pumps. saws,

churns. separates milk. grinds feed. shells corn. runs

electric-lighting plant. flcefii (s tl'lpped). ’29. 50M!!! up.

Sent sny plsce on 15 dsys’ Bros Trial. Don' t buy an engine

till Dfiouo investigate amazing. money-saving. power-saving

0.1T " Thousands in use. Costs only postal tofind

out. lf you are first in your nwsi hborhood to write. we will allow

you Special ExLotrao n ttoroduc ry price. Write!

omit





EnaiusWorks. 149mm In.“ Mich





 





Harness at Wholesale PIIBBS.





Ilmt mm our shops to you.

FREIGHT PAID.





We 01111 Save You Monty.

writs May {or a copy of our

HARNESS BARGAIN Catalog





10E 3 HONEST HARNESS 00.. “"0, Emma“.

W ANTE —A married Glinen tlo work





on farm. lace for

right man. Box 60. B. F.D





.No. LGrosse e.Mich.

WANTED—Hforeman for Fann, singla...





S, care MICHIGAN FARMEB. Detroit. Michigan.





PIGS FOR SALE.





I keep about 2400 cholera proof brood



sows and am selling fine grade

Yorkshire, Poland-China, Duroc and

Tamworth Weaned Pigs at $3 each.



ALVA BROWN'S PIG FARM,

GRAND RAPIDS. , - MICH.





I. l). “000 . 'i.".‘.'.’.?.'.3'."..‘i" llve Stock Auctioneer.

Write for terms and dates.





ARTHUR S. WILCOX Jerome Michigan.

les STOCK and REAL ESTATE Auctioneer

WRITE FOR DATES ARD TERMS. -





BREEDERS’ DIREC'WRY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd, consisting of Trojan Ericas. Blackbirds and

Prides, only. is headed byE rton W. a Trojan Erica.

b1 Black Woodl awn. sire of t 0 Grand Chain ion steer

11nd bull at. the International in Chicago. 00. .. 1910.

He is assisted bv llndulata Blackbird Ito



OODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





BE double standard Pollsd Durham. Wild eyed Abotts burn.

Milk strain. Grand Champion silver cup winner at l9l0

Michigan State Fair. JAS. H. HALL, Port Austin. Iichigan





H I t ' B “6 months old. dam and site's two dams

o s em u average 2511 butter and 476 lbs of

milk in '7 days. HOBART W. FAY, Eden. M1ch



' —I am going to sell 15 bulls in March.

"0'3“.“ Bill's Won' t you helalme by buyine one?

VVrlte me as soon as you read I have one two

years old; 3 yearlings. 5. 6 to 8 months old. The rest

are younger. Will also sell a number of heifers bred.

and a few good cows. Don‘t. wait until spring work begins

before you buy one of these. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





 





—Young bulls of high quality and low

"OlSleins EricesB considering breeding. Get our

descriptions. BEACH FARM. Augusta, Mich.





IOLS'I'EIN BULL CALVESA 1"“ 8.338713?





Sire has 75% of the blood of the sire of Grace Fayne

2nd's Homestead. E. [COL LIERq Fowlerville. Mich.





FOR SALE‘Eidflé“ Elissa???

Headed by bull Sir Malta Daisy De Kol No. 511001.





T he man that buys the herd gets a bar ain. PERRY

E. HILLI ER. Mount Morris, Mich. alley Phone.





OLSTEIN-FRIESIAN Cattle and Duroc Jersey

suine. One gilt. bred0 b1 a son of Defender for

sale. Price $45. .11. RN‘ELL. Howell. Mich.





 





 





 





 





0R SALE-Holstein Bull 2 years old 13.3125 Bull

Calves 6 months to 1 year $50 to $100. Bred heifers

1mm $200. Oldest. herd in Ind. Send for Photos and





FOR SALE—High quality fall Berk-

shire Gil t,s to farrow in



June. Bred to the excellent young boar. Premier



Bacon 4th. Rougemont Farms. Detroit. Michigan





 





DAMS BROS, Litchlield, Mich. breeders of Imp. Chester

White and Tamworth swine. service boars. sows bred or

open, of either breed. Slim-thorn Cattle, Bull’ Rock, Bull Wynn-

dotto, W. Orpington, 0111:. all brooding stock leading winners





DU ROG-J ERSEYS‘iifit hgiu'i.“ i3:





sale. CAREY U. EDMONDS Hastings, Michigan.





‘— l . .

11111101: JERSEYS has: ”eczema-11:21:11.

farroued Sept. 22. 1910, wet in about 200 lbs. each

at. right prices. ORLO L. OBESON. Quincy. Mich.





DUROC JERSEY Swine established

capitol llCl‘disss elast. Spring Boar and Sept.

1910 Gilts for sale. J. H. 0Bangliart; R5. Lansing. Mich.





DUROC$_25 Bred Bows. ofh h uslitv. 10

Excellent Boarsr tease eor service.

75 Fall Pigs both sex. Write

J. C. BA NEY. COLDVVA'I‘ER.°0 MICHIGAN.

IMPROVED CHESTEBS—Young boars ready for

servwe. orders taken for sows bred for spring far-

row. 1Also Holstein Bull Calves of the best of breed.

ing W. 0. WI ILSON. Okemos. Mich. Both Phones.





 





 





 





 





 





 





aMll ages. Bows b d.

O. l. C. “0 sleswel lug:196ll%s.

and more. 11. H. JU .Munith. Mloi





 





Pedigrees. W. C. Jackson. 715 Rex St. South Bend. Ind.

FOR SALE—Reg. St Lambert Jerseys.

Cows and Bulls from high

producing stock 0. A BRISTOL, Fenton. Michigan.

HEREFORDs—Both sexes and all ages

for sale. Also Poland-



China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.

LlLLlE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.

"ER” EULLSZVldas Signal St. L. No.'58197.

Jubilee’s Foxhall. No. 82299.

Bull calves sired by these great. bulls. and out of

splendid dairy cows. man1 of them in test. for register





 





of merit. Also a few heifers and heifer calves for

sale. Write for description and prices. Satisfaction

(is ranteed. money refu ude





COLONo C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Michigan.





BUTTER BRED JERSEYS BUIEJS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM}

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





 





EGIS'] ERED JERSEYS For Sale—Some combin-

ing the blood of St Louis and Chicago World' 8

Fair Champions b1 HERMAN HARM S. Reese. Mich.





Oflicsl e r]

Register oi Merit Jerseys. m... K 1...:

lot of 1oung bulls from dams with official records

nude and 11 words of butter.

1“. MARS 0N. Bay City. Michigan.





F O R SA L E‘Efifiéfi’fifithsiifié‘lfii

akin. JOHN SCHMIDT. 11. No. .1'1eed City. Mich.

Dairy Bred Shoflhorns‘fl.“t§.%“%3é““1332‘s





$75 cash or good note. J. B. Hummel, Mason. Mich.





SHOHTHORNS andPilLLEllDURHAMS..138th11139151":a





ILDeGARMO. Highland. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





SHEEP.



' Ewes bred for March & A ril:

Hampshire .9 ..W... m... 01......" 1..-

dlviduals. C. D. WOO BURY. Lansing, Michigan.

Oxford- Down Sheep “(1113:3313

cattle forsale. J. A. D11: GARMO. Muir. Mich.

OXfOI'd Down Shee —Good Yearling Field





Rams and ewes of all ages

for sale.





 





 





 





 





 





I. R. WATERB RY Highland Michigan.



' ~—I have 100 ewes, amon them



Reg- RambOIIlllets all of 1111 youngest anlgi best.

also 86 ewe and ram lambs. Live 2% miles east of

Morrloe on G. T. Road. AddresSJ. Q. 0K.





SHHDPSHIRE HALL STOCK FARM





Has for sale. t11 enty five choice bred yearling ewes.

at a low price. also a few good three and four year-

old, bred ewes.





|.. S. DUHHAM &. 8011:. Concord, Michigan.





 





 





 





 





TOP N OTCH HOLSTEINS 1





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

hining in themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have in the past held World' a Records

milk and butter fat at £11in



McPHERSON PAR 5 C0.. Howell. Mich.





E KOL Korndyke Bull Calf—Choice“ A.





R. 0.

breeding. S lendid individual. mostly white to. 875.

COLE BROTHE S. Ypsilanti Farms. Ypsilanti. Mich.





Holstein Frieslan Calfle‘ggi‘i‘mfithvfifi

an Mercedes. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Michigan.





 





 





 





“008.

s 1

Burns: &Viclorias"“.1'§h.1"......’ “ 3%.? 19.3135:

Winners. M. T. STORY. B. 248. Lowelf,f Michigan.





 





xFIN Youn Boershlre Boar ready for service. Also

splendid IIerdB oars coming. Two of best. actor-

BIRD & MARTIN R. No.) Ann Arbor, Mich.





' —Ten slits bredto tothe wonderful D k

hiltllll'os Pontiac Chief. to furrow in April or Luisei

No better breeding. C. S. Bartlett. Pontiac, Mic.





piece breeding.





 





ERKSHIBE} Yearling sow bred for July furrow.

B also twof sll Hts and choice lot of March furrow-

ed.(Plgs eith. sex. )A A.Pstt.ullo. Deckervllle, Mich.





 





0 I c —Choioe young sows bred for June furrow.

- also. bookin orders forslsring igseither sex:

pairs not. akin. Fred iokel. Monroe. Mich.





111.1 June boar left.





0' I. C— ”W! iailllo

I AA.B feww fall as either sex. Sstisfsct‘

guaranteed. A. MATLB LMsr-lette. Mlohigiiciin





—F ll i i

POLAND-CIIINAS anteater; 1121::

..W Barnes & Son, Byron, hiswssseeOo .Mich.

BIG TYPE POLARll-BHIHAS—ifil’ié'ifiii‘fitifié‘dsaaiii

faction guaranteed. R. J. LANE. Clare, No.7. Mich.

‘2. ' ‘3’5 §°’.S‘i‘°.;iii“iii§€m‘“



8. In. 80 X'

0111016 sea. as. 1.12.3.1; 11.1.1251."





0 l c SWIllc—Bmdto gilts, males weighin from

250 1.118 Price an t)



right. Geo. P. Andrews. Dansville. Inghsm 00.. Mic.



0 l C —Maroh gigs with quality and best pedi-





863. rder now and t fl t

C. J. TrHOMP PsoN, who"! 89 rs Choice.





 





 





 





 





 





.hiMlc higan.





0 l c ~Fallr pigs either sex and one June



left. in am also “booking

furrow. MCI roval.

RA DELL. CASS TY. MIC GAN.





o.1.c.swms—3.Wv 12mg 019W

escen



strain both males and females. Get. In 0prl ogbegdgti



1011 buy. W-illre reiglsgfler free of charge {11 purchaser“ a



name. A. B..N N.o 2, Dorr. Michigan.





GREAT POLAND-CHINA HOG SALE.

JANUARY 2011..





60 sows bred for spring farmw. If you want the best.

attend my sale as I have the best in the state.





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater. Michigan.





orders for i

HARRY T. a r n





Buller’ s Famous Wondm‘the Bu!“ .mp°‘“‘3'°"T‘.’:§§‘





grow big. because they have beenu br bl ‘



33:11; hSoImaengregg S‘ept. igs ready fgrtservioeg fazozd)

o e or. c ea one o



J.C . BUTL n Po'rt1an.Mii§..1r33iiyi>ii3nxi§.





—P. 0. Bears ready for sex-V1 f.

ralfls boar KIfiE Pri ize winning Acgrlciilii





dB Elanr Three ‘Oaks. Mich





Poland- -Ghlnas—§:;},g‘; firms 9‘38 or





1

B. M. WING & sou. Sheridan. MfJiuggfiis





PO LAN D-CH INA S‘Erie‘if 2%?





spring pigs. WOOD & SONS. Saline. Michigan.





on Geese.





IG TlYPE POLAND CHINARBO(ARS. aslso fall and

ear v spBrin igs cc 9 1 00

Efiii“ NEVE. Piersoii.’ZS 1110111335135





lARGE TYPE P C —Largest in Michigan" tSet:

lbs —t.he herd without griffin we sfhwgbinin tsigsag

and quality. W.E ELIVING TON. Farms. 1011.





' FOR SALE .3333]ng YORKSHIRE PIGS.





MURRAY-WilEllMlll co’. lllll 111101111011.

Lillie Farmstead Yorllsllirons—11.}...o ‘ Y, w ° 1...;





 





service boars. airs and trlos. not skin. B eady

for u.se‘rz'vfioe A flTne lot of spring pigs. Gifizrbsrgd for

S arrow.





hoofiI n earth. Satisfaction





gus snteed COLONC. LIL E. Coopersville, Mich.





 





when 1101: are writing Io advertisers.





o. - -waxm‘vm.k‘c—i





ALWAYS mention the MICIIGAN mm .
Hmong .





 





 





APRIL 22, 1911.





stock that cannot manufacture suflicient

products from the food consumed to pay

for' their keep.



Many times quality is of more import-

ance than quantity. Some farmers raise

horses and sell them for $100 or less. An-

other farmer, with no more feed or no

better care, may raise horses that will

sell for $200 at the same age. In such

cases quality counts. He has the power

to increase the price of his stock by im-

proving the quality. The better the

quality the better the price. He can mar-

ket his products through stock of the

best quality which we‘know will insure

him the best price; through medium stock

and be content with a. medium price; or

through inferior stock and be sure of a

low price. Tariff tinkering, reciprocity

and co-operative marketing will never

settle the question of improved and un-

improved stock as a profitable market

forjfarm crops. It is up to the farmer

himself to use improved animals, if he

desires to find the best markets for his

farm crops.



The breed, the family and the sire form

the trinity of successful breeding every-

where, but careful management alone

will bring results, even with these prin-

ciples understood. Certain families unite

with certain others for the greatest ex-

cellence. It is the business of the breeder

.to work out his own success along his

own lines. It is the same in breeding

commercial types as it is with breeding

pure-bred farm animals. Breed, family

and sire are the prime factors. Steady,

every-day work; selecting the best within





’ \

~





‘THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ' m





and each disappointment is a signal for a

new cross.

a nondescript herd not so good as the

one he started with. He has such a con-

fusion of blood in each animal that he

can only guess what the progeny will be

from year to year. He has jumbled to-

gether the characteristics that careful

breeders have been eliminating and es-

tablishing through long years of syste-

matic selection and mating.



Breed characteristics and uniformity of

type is the great benefit accruing from

years of purposeful and intelligent selec-

tion. The tyro who attempts to unite

two types in one animal is working

against the fundamental principle of

breed prepotency and producing a type-

less animal from which nothing definite

can ever be secured.



The Importance of Proper Feeding.



A few generations of poor feeding will

ruin the best herd or flock of farm ani-

mals. Lack of feed brands its imprint on

the animal, even before birth, and alters

both form and function. Such alteration





in form and function cannot be wholly,





overcome by later liberal feeding. The





In the end he comes out with.





 





 





general experience of breeders and feed~





ers goes to show that animals

stunted never reach a normal develop-

ment. There are many animals possess-

ing latent possibilities as record-[makers

that are never heard of because they are

never fully tested. Plenty of suitable

food and favorable enviroment means

much to animals. The proper develop-

ment of breeding stock brings out such

desirable characteristics as early matu-





 





 





A Rambouillet Ewe with the “Husky" Triplets She Has Raised, Owned by E.

O. Bellows, of Montcalm County.





the breed and piling cross upon cross of

pure blood on a foundation of common

stock. Success is sure to come in this

way, yet how many have failed, just as

success was within reach, by changing

sires and securing only a shadow of re-

ward. Many a breeder has found out to

his sorrow that a violent outcross will

not, under most circumstances prove

profitable. The promiscuous mixing of

breeds and types does not imbue the

resulting animals with the power to re-

produce themselves uniformly. The cross-

ing exerts an influence which causes the

transmissive powers of the animal to be

broken up into many integers, and his

progeny must therefore present many

different characters, some like those of

the parents, some like those of remote

ancestors, and oftentimes some unlike

the parents or ancestors.

The Fallacy of Cross Breeding.



Some farmers have a mania for cross-

breeding. Grading and crossing are very

different practices. The first is grading-

up, 'the other is mixing-up. The most

successful breeders realize that the pres-

ent types of live stock have resulted from

steady, purposeful effort within the

breeds, and know that future success will

be made in the same way.



The farmer who is grading up his com-

mon stock by the use of pure-bred sires

always of the same breed is progressing

toward the standard of that'breed; he is

raising the standard of his herd from a

common mixture to a uniformity of ex-

cellence in some particular line. His pur-

pose is to secure excellence of the pure-

breed from which he selects his sires.

He is on the right road to success.



The farmer who crosses one breed upon

another is trying to combine the good

qualities and eliminate the undesirable

points in the making of a perfect animal.

He is working on the old dual purpose

fallacy. Each cross is a disappointment





rity, strong digestive powers and other

similar features, thus enabling him to

form a more accurate estimate of the

probable value of the animal for breeding

purposes. "



Nothing contributes more to the thrift

and health of live stock than persistent

attention to its needs. It is the steady,

every—day care that counts. The animals

that are comfortable, without hunger or

thirst, from day to day, and not subject-

ed to disease, maintain a healthy, steady

advance in growth, fiesh or milk produc—

tion. E‘very period of hardship is fol-

lowed by stagnation of nutritive proc-

esses and the possible loss of progress

already made. Pure air, sunshine and

outdoor exercise go to build up that su-

perb vigor which immunizes animals

against disease. Outdoor life subjects

them to sunshine and compels them to

exercise. It is well enough to aSSist na-

ture in caring for stock, but it is wrong

to set nature’s ways aside and confine

the animals in over-heated and poorly

ventilated buildings, from which almost

all of nature’s curative and preventative

influences are excluded. Extremes are to

be avoided. It is not the extremely warm

barn or the cold outdoors that is the

most desirable place for healthy live

stock. He should make the best use of

the sun, air, grass and outdoor life in

securing and maintaining the health of

his farm stock.



New York. W, MILTON KELLY.



R





The Chicago warehouses held on April

1 aggregate stocks of 122,211,635 lbs. of

hog products, compared with 95,981,556

lbs. a month earlier and 71,731,130 lbs.

a year ago. This marked gain in stocks

has been brought about by larger and

heaVier hog supplies and the failure of

proviSions at retail to decline as much

as in wholesale lots. The wholesale

price of pork is about $10 a barrel lower

than a year ago. and lard, bacon, etc.,

show corresponding declines.





once ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





lillliillliilliiiillmmImmmunufiTuuiWifi-ifiu’im immlmm.

’ ll\\

[; W





“” . .

d/Ii/ . .

! Jllmlrmlllllllm' l‘flfmlllmwj





Impartial tests made

by Fire Chiefs, City

_ Council represente-

tives, and hundreds of other dismterested persons, prove that

J-M Asbestos Roofing cannot be burned even by the flame of a blow-

torch—a flame which is intense enough to melt iron. This is a test

many times more severe than any roofing is ever put to in actual use.



This ready-to-lay roofing con51sts of several layers or sheets of

Asbestos (stone) Felt inseparably cemented together with genuine

Trinidad Lake Asphalt—the two most indestructible things ever

discovered. It contains nothing that can rot, rust, melt, crack or

in any way deteriorate. Even gases, amds, and chemical fumes

do not affect it.



There are hundreds of buildings on which this roofing has been in

service for more than a. quarter of a century without a single cent’s

worth of paint or repairs. . .



Isn’t this the kind of protection you want for your buildings?



J-M Asbestos Roofing is suitable for all classes of buildings—barns, factories,

dwellings. etc., whether they have a steep or flat. i'Oof. Comes all ready to apply,

with nails, cement and full instructions for applying, packed in each roll.



If not at your dealer's, our nearest branch will sell you direct; also apply it,

if desired.





This Wonderful Stone Sent FREE





Imagine a real rock from which you can easily pull long thread-like pieces

that are almost as soft and pliable as 2} Silk thread. yet so indestructible that they can ’t

burn,and you will have in your mind‘s eye a. picture of the wonderful Asbestos

Rock as near as words can paint it. But words cannot describe this marvelous

rock. So we'll send you a sample free, for we known will convmce you

better than anything we can say that J-M Asbestos Roofing, which is made of

this indestructible rock, must also be practically everlasting,



Write our nearest Branch now for sample of Crude Asbegms and our

handsomely illustrated Book M 40





H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO. \,





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





BALTIMORE DALLAS MILWAUK EB rirrsnuRc

nosron ouruorr MINNEAPULIS SAN FRANLISCO

BUFFALO KANSAS CITY "my”, NEW ORLEANS szAran

CHICAGO LONDON ‘ NEW YORK 5T. LOUIS

CLEVELAND LO: ANGELES PHILADELPHIA iB'u





For Canada—THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE 00., LI'D.





Toronto, Ont. Montreal, Que. Winnipeg, Mm. Vancouver, 8. C.





 





 





Our free catalog is worth

its weight in gold to you





 





 





THE price of an engine does not determine

its value to you; the quality does. You





must be sure of the quality.





You can do yourself more good by buying an Olds Engine

than we can by selling it to you. We make a moderate profit

once; you make a bigger one every year in what it does for you,

and you get complete satisfaction all the time.





You get what is not found in any other engine—a maxi-

mum power at lowest cost by the wonderful Seager mixer. It

cannot get out of its perfect adjustment, because it has no moving

parts. The piston sucks up the gasoline and there is no gasoline

pump to get out of orderi 1Besidfs, 01 d E .



h (r r l )v. l . wa cr



Emiliaqjtijmgwspailtuigfhitieon and Ihc ,7“ S nglne

free repairs for one ycarflall told ' _ ,. .

about in our two catalogue and





booklets. Don’t buy an engine

until you read them.





Seager Engine Works

915 Seager St.

Lansing, Michigan.





AGRIGULTURE





—

-- OUR TILE LISTS FOREVER ..





 





 





ARE THOROL





-r/,.;-z/_y/4._y Made of best Ohio Clay.



W Sold in car—loads lots.



Also manufacturers of



HOLLOW BUILDmc BLOCK

and SEWERPIPE.





IICVDRAIN TILE

H. B. CAMP COMPANY, Fulton Bldg” Pittsburg, Penna.





 





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you





 





are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
' .gw '





472 (8)





EV THE DAIRY





 





 





 





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





FEEDING DAIRY CALVES.



The following compilation of informa-

tion given on the above important topic

by Prof. Otis, of the \Visconsin Experi-

ment Station, recently published in bul-

letin form, will find anxious and interest-

ed readers among the patrons of this de-

partment 01' The Farmer. “'e are in-

debted to the report of the experiment

station work by the department of agri—

culture for the review. Mistakes in calf

feeding are usually life-long influences.

It is the desire of most feeders to intelli-

gently eliminate all the mistakes he can.

He purposes to reduce, so far as possible,

the practice of feeding to a science. The

review reads as follows:



Young calves need whole milk for the

first few days. The calf should always

have the first or colostrum milk of the

cow and be allowed to nurse the cow

until the eighth or ninth milking, when

the milk is suitable for human food. Feed

often with small amounts to avoid over—

feeding. Teach the calf to drink and feed

whole milk for at least three weeks,

changing to a skim-milk diet gradually.



By good feed and care, or the lack of

it, it is easy to make a variation of $1 to

$5 or even $10 per head in the value of

the calf the first year.



Skim-milk is a cheap feed for calves

but should be fed carefully in limited

quantities and only while it is warm and

sweet. Skim-milk may form the princi—

pal diet of the calf for eight months or a

year. Factory skim-milk should always

be pasteurized to avoid the spread of

tuberculosis. The best skim-milk is that

which is fresh from the separator and

still warm. Experiments show that it is

only one~fourth as expensive to raise a

calf on skim—milk as whole milk. Two

pounds grain with the proper amount of

skim-milk equals one pound of butter—

fat. Buttermilk or whey may profitably

be fed to calves.



Milk that is too rich may cause serious

trouble from scours, and in feeding such

milk care should be exercised to give

limited amounts at the proper tempera-

ature. The feeding of whole milk should

be continued for about three or four

weeks, when the number of meals may be

reduced to two per day. From one—half

to a pint of skim-milk may now be sub~

stituted for an equal amount of whole

milk. The amount of skim—milk may be

gradually increased and the amount of

whole milk correspondingly decreased un-

til, at the end of a week or ten days, the

calf is getting all skim-milk. Feed the

milk sweet and at blood temperature.



Not over 10 to 12 pounds of milk daily

should be fed until the calf is five to

seven weeks old. Later the amount may

be increased to 14 or 16 pounds and at

three months may, though not always, go

to about 20 pounds. The amount fed,

however, must be. carefully regulated by

the ability of the calf to handle it without

scouring.



The grain for calves should be fed first

while the calf is quite small with a little

bran to aid the calf in learning to eat.

High—priced concentrates are unnecessary

and give no better results than corn

meal, oats and bran, ground barley, etc.,

when fed in proper combinations. At

four to six weeks a calf has good teeth

and can grind his own feed. A variety of

feeds is advantageous and best results

will usually be secured from mixtures.



The roughage for calves should first be

fed at two or three weeks of age when

the calf begins to eat grain. Good clean

hay, either timothy, blue grass, clover, or

alfalfa may be used. Corn silage is an

excellent calf feed when fed in moderate

amounts. Good pasture is an essential

after tour to six months of age, and if

the calf is turned out for only a few hours

each day at first scours will be avoided.



'\\'hey has the casein as well as the

butter-fat removed and hence is a much

less valuable feed than skim-milk; a good

grain ration must be carefully selected as

a supplementary feed. The calf to be

fed on whey should receive whole milk

for the first week or two; it can then be

changed to skim-milk. If this is not

available it should be continued on whole

milk. A calf will do better not to receive

whey for five to six weeks. It will take

ten days to two weeks more to complete

the change to whey. Calves will handle

about the same. amount of whey as skim-

milk, viz., 14 to 16 pounds daily per calf.

An excessive amount may cause undue





THE MICHIGAN I





largeness of the paunch. The feeder will

need to give more care and attention to

calves fed on whey than to those fed on

milk. ‘



Calves, like other farm animals, get

thirsty. even though milk forms a large

part of their ration. Calves three months

of age will drink as much as five quarts

of water daily per head. They like to

drink often, sipping a little at a time. A





- half barrel, cleaned and replenished twice





daily, will serve nicely as a water trough.

Another good device is an automatic

waterer, which may be easily cleaned,

situated a little above the floor to keep

out the litter. Salt is essential to the de—

velopment of the calf, as of other ani-

mals, and should be kept continually

available.





The management of the calf during the -





first year has much to do with its later

usefulness. Plenty of water and salt

should be given in clean vesesls. Avoid

sudden changes of diet and practice reg~

ularity in feeding. Provide warm, dry

quarters in damp weather. Give plenty

of roughage and not too much grain so

as to develop a large capacity for hand—

ling food as is desirable in dairy animals.

Vl'hen the calf is six months to a year old

milk may be omitted from its ration and

a full roughage and grain diet substituted.



When the skim—milk diet is stopped at

any time from six to 12 months of age, it

should be remembered that the calf is

deprived of a. nitrogenous feed and its

place should be taken by some nitrogen-

ous grain or roughage. The tendency_ of

the dairy calf to get too fat depends not

only upon its temperament but also upon

its feed. Avoid too much corn. For grain,

oats and barley are good; for roughage.

bright clover or alfalfa hay with corn

silage to give succulence and variety.



Sit/.0 depends much upon heredity but

even more upon liberal and judicious

feeding. it is impossible to starve good

dairy qualities into a growing heifer but

many a promising heifer has been starved

into a poor cow.



The intelligence that the herdsman puts

into his calf feeding will have a great in—

fluence upon the future cow. There are

great possibilities in the production of

good cows but these are seldom if ever

seen, appreciated, or attained except by

an intelligent, thoughtful feeder. The

earmarks of an intelligent feeder are seen

in his herd. The calves are thrifty,

active, with bright eyes, smooth, glossy

coats, always hungry, and playful and

lusty.





PASTURE ON THE DAIRY FARM.





 





 





The pasture problem is growing more

serious with the American dairy farmer.

Its abundance formerly made it a mat-

ter that required no attention. Now con—

siderable thought is being given it, and

on many farms more notice is required

since the pasture lots are not giving

proper returns. To grow a luxuriant,

palatable fodder demands certain require-

ments, among which fertility, drainage

and proper seeding are highly important.



And first, fertilizers. \Ve are not in

the habit of fertilizing our pastures. The

other crops appear to respond better than

the pasture lots as we can see the gain

at the basket. The fact that we fail to

note the effect of manure and commer-

cial fertilizers upon pasture growth, does

not prove its ineffectiveness because the

animals often take care of the additional

growth, which secretly comes back to

the farmer in the milk pail in the form

of an indirect award for his thoughtful-

ness. Manures and commercial fertilizers

improve the grasses. The plant food usu-

ally needed most is nitrogen, since the

vegetative parts of the grass are what is

desired. But the other elements, potash

and phosphoric acid are required to a

certain degree.



Drainage would save large unproduc-

tive areas in many pasture lots and make

them the most valuable parts. The

largest yield of pasture is almost invar—

iably grown upon the lowest well—drained

places since they are richest in fertility.

Drainage often changes the character of

grass, displacing a poor variety with one

that produces better feed. It also pro-

longs the season of pasturage, and ena-

bles one to get animals on for a longer

period without damaging the soil by

trampling.



Seeding thin spots is another matter

that should take the attention of the

dairy farmer who desires to get from his

land a greater amount of pasturage, since

every foot of the lot should be doing its

part to furnish the maximum of growth.

Do not allow large areas to go long with-

out seeding.





 





 





 





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STURGES & BURN MFG. CO.,





   





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Preserves the





 





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A Valuable 160-page book entitled





"SILO PROFITS"





Written by 200 of the most successful

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theactuei ex erience at these tarm-

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Our Factories are located at An-

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, Box 14 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO.





 





 

   

   





   

   





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very best there is at the lowest price.





TIIE HARRIS MFG. COMPANY

316 Cleveland Ave..Salem, Ohio





 





RAISE THEM WITHOUT MILK.

BOOKLET FREE

J. E. BARTLETT. 00.. Jackson. Mich.





GALVE





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





A SILO INSIDE OF BARN.





We are planning on building a $110 in

our barn. The building is 28x104 feet. As

we have a track running through the

center of the barn from end to end, we

could not have the silo located within

eight feet of the track. “'e had planned

also, on building this silo square. It

would be easier to construct. It seems

that the feeding proposition would be

made more convenient by locating the

silo as suggested than by having it out

doors. \Vhat criticism would you make

of such an arrangement?



Calhoun Co. W. B. T.





Under no consideration would I build

this silo in the barn as proposed by \V.

H. T. W'ith a blower elevator one must

set the ensilage cutter up close to the

silo because the blower conductor, or

pipe, wants to be as nearly straight up

and down as possible to get it. If it leans

very much, it will not elevate the ensilage

because the friction of the pipe is so

great. If this silo is built in a 28-foot

barn, you would have to set the cutter

out doors and that would mean the use

of an old-fashioned carrier elevator,

which would not be practicable. Or else,

if you set the ensilage cutter in the barn,

it would take up an immense amount of

room. While you would have room to

set the ensilage cutter in the barn, you

would lack room to drive through the

green corn when filling it. My experience

and Observation is, that a silo should be

out of doors, outside of the barn, not

connected with it only by an cnsilage

chute. it makes no difference what the

snape of the barn is, I would put it out—

side of the barn, as handy as possible to

the feeding alley.





There is only one kind of a barn where

an inside silo is permissible and that is

a very large circular barn, where the silo

is in the center of it. But if I was to

build a circular barn, I wouldn't have a

silo inside of it, but i would have it out-

side. I have seen these large circular

barns with a silo in the center of them,

but I don't want the ordinary hclp avail~

able when filling silos driving through a

barn with ensilage corn. The driving not

only takes up too much space in a burn,

but it is sure to jamb the doors and the

siding of the barn.



Then, what is to be gained by having

a silo inside the barn? I never saw a

farm yet with too much barn space.

Scarcely any of us has enough barn

space to store everything inside, straw

and all, every year. A silo can be out

of doors just as well as indoors. The

outside of a silo will last just as long as

the inside.





Then again, I would not build a silo

with square corners. The only proper

shape for a silo is circular. You don't

want sharp corners in a silo, if you do,

you will not get good ensilage there. You

can’t pack it well enough so that the en-

silage will be as good. The circular silo

has the greater strength. is more easily

constructed and is better in every way.

No good and sufficient reason can be

given for having a silo any other shape

than circular.





My advice is, to think this matter over

carefully, and if necessary, visit barns

where silos have been put on the inside,

including circular barns with silos on the

inside before you make the mistake of

building the silo as you intend. The ma-

terial you propose to use would be en—

tirely proper for a circular silo out of

doors and there is where I should build

it. I would build it not less than 12 or

15 feet in diameter and I would build it

more than 28 feet high. Build it 40 feet

high anyway and 50 feet would be better.

If you don’t want to use as much en-

silage as that now, you will later on, and

it will not cost you very much more to

build 50 feet high when you are building

it. The, silo which you propose to build,

being 7x11 feet and 26 feet deep, would

only hold about 40 or 45 tons of ensilage.





 





Four or five acres of good corn would fill





it and I would advise you to build a'

larger silo because you will certainly

need it.





A NEW ONE.





 





A law on the statute books of Pennsyl-

vania prohibits the sale of oleomargarine

that resembles yellow butter in color,

whether the color is obtained by using

an artificial coloring matter or by select—

ing certain ingredients for the product.



At a recent trial of an oleomargarine

dealer in that state, one of the arguments

('2) used by the oleomargarine people was

that “A law which requires that oleo—

margarine that has the color of butter—

without the addition of artificial coloring

material—must be bleached before it can

be sold is ridiculous.”



isn’t that a good one? After spending

thousands of dollars in learning how to

secure a yellow color in oleomargarine

without the use of coloring matter so as

to avoid the federal internal rcvenue tax

of ten cents per pound, such a claim is

really amusing. Probably their next claim

will be that it is absolutely impossible

to make oleomargarinc that does not have

a. golden Color.



Such claims are not made. however, to

influence thinking people. They are made

for the purpose, of obtaining temporary

results and to prejudice the minds of the

consumers of the country against the

present oleomargarinc law.



The National Dairy I'nion is spreading

the truth among these same consumers

and the missluicments of the oleomar-

gnrine intercsts are becoming less effec-

five as time clapscs. Dairymcn can,

therefore. well afford to be patient and

wait until congress is ready to take hold

of this question in earnest and draw a

real color line between the genuine and

the substitute.





yellow





 





DAIRY NOTES.





 





Dairy goods are selling at lower prices

than usual because of their liberal pro-

duction throughout the country, butter

being in large supply in the cold storage

warehouses everywhere, while fresh lots

are being marketed in extremely large

amounts. The best creamery butter has

been wholesaling at 210 per pound in the

Chicago market. Eggs, however, have

suffered the greatest decline in prices,

being from seven to ten cents per dozen

lower in the Chicago wholesale market

than a year ago, and their cheapness has

brought out a good demand for eggs to

place in cold storage, buyers believing

that there can be no great risk in pur-

chasing strictly frcsh lots at ruling





figures.

It it t





The condition of the butter market is

far from encouraging. \\'hile feed is

cheaper than for some time back, thcrc—

duction in the cost of raw material does

not keep in the farmer’s pocket the

amount he loses through lower prices for

butter and cream. The basis of prices

is just ten cents bclow what it was a

year ago. It is probable that a number

of factors have entcrcd to give this re—

sult: It is generally believed that cvcry





section devoted to the production or milk

and dairy products has materially in—

creased the number of cows. The prac—

tice of frcshcning the cows in fall in—

stead of spring, thus using the silo in—

stead of the pasture, has increased to an

extent that the market is being dis—

turbed, according to some thinkers. The

cold storage mcn misjudged the situation





and put in more than conditions war—

ranted last season thus working to the





detriment of the market this spring, is

another belief. The change of the tariff

schedule on the importation of cream from

five cents per pound to live cents per gal-

lon as provided by the Payne—Aldrich

tariff law has allowed large quantities of

cream to come in from Canada and thus

pushing our prices down because of the

increased supply; this is a. reason ad—

vanced by many. It is possible that all

of these factors mentioned and others

have worked for the downward move—

ment of butter prices. Nevertheless the

dairyman suffers.





 





(9) 473





 





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® The J. A. Scott Company

Dent. J, Detroit. Mich.





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOII ,,





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Pimples Stopped

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These wafers contain as their main in-





(10)





 





 





gredient, the most thorough, quick and

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sulphide.





Most treatments for the blood and for

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THE C. 0- BROWN COMPANV

”BL, Eoohutsrfli ”Y





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





“lore Potatoes”





From ground leanEted secured

by use of TheK YESTON

POTATO PLANTER than

by any other method of

\ planting. Work perfectly ae-





durabie machine.



' for CATALOG, price etc

A. J. PLATT. MFR.



801 J SGTERLIN .ILL-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN ’FA’RMERL





 





vavvvvvvfivvvvvvvvvvt





‘HORTICULTURE?





MAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAA





GARDEN SUGGESTIONS.





Care of the Hotbeds.





From this time out, and especially as

the weather grows warmer the growing

plants require careful attention. A few

hours of sun will often work much dam-

age unless abundance of air is allowed

and judgment which is only gained by

experience must be our guide. In airing

the beds the sash should be raised from

the windward side so that while free cir-

culation is gained the plants should not

be exposed to heavy drafts of cold air.



\Yatering should not be neglected for

evaporation goes on very rapidly and un-

less this loss is compensated the growth

will not be satisfactory. Tomatoes re-

quire more moisture than almost any

other plants and seem to thrive even

when the ground is too wet for some oth~

er sorts. All things considered, evening

is the best time for this work and it is

a. good plan to allow the water to stand

exposed to the sun and air for some time

previous to using. Frequent stirring of

the soil is important as crusting must be

prevented and the most convenient tool

for this is the old—fashioned steel table

fork, one with four tines is best, and it

is a convenience to fasten a handle of any

desired length on the fork handle. It

will do better work than any special tool

that I have ever seen on the market and

can be worked very close to the plants

without injury.



Transplanting should be done whenever

the plants begin to crowd, but they, of

course, should be well established before

the work is done. Tomatoes should be

reset when the second set of leaves are

formed. and all plants should be shaded

for a time afterward. The great object

is, of course, to keep the plants thriving

from first to last, and must be done for

best results. So whatever can be done

for their betterment is effort well spent.





 





 





 





Treatment of Seed Potatoes.





Observation convinces the writer that

comparatively little is being done to

check the drainage to the potato crop by

the scab. \Ve believe it entirely safe to

say that millions of bushels of potatoes

every year become entirely useless for

market purposes or at best, will grade

only as seconds through its ravages.



It is quite probable that the growing

practice of liming the soil 2Will encourage

its spread as we are told that that will

induce it. Be this as it phy we need the

lime on most soils and If, as is said, it

really does induce the spread of the dis-

ease, the relief is not in discarding the

lime but rather in more vigorously apply-

ing the remedy. As to this latter, the

writer has no doubt but that the corro-

sive sublimate treatment will effectually

control the disease, especially on ground

clear, or at least, not badly infested. ()n

clean ground I have never had any fear

of using affected seed after treatment

but in soils Where the potato crop has

succeeded itself and the disease is already

there, to greater or less extent, then I

believe that a liberal use of sulphur at

planting time is also of very great use.

Personally, I believe that with entirely

clean seed the sulphur treatment is nearly

always effectual, but the danger is that

apparently clean seed is liable to carry

the germs. So I believe that the double





treatment is safest and will always give”





remunerative returns. The cost of the

sublimate treatment is practically noth-

ing other than the time required. The

sulphur is but little expense and the

time required in applying it amounts to

nothing. So, in these days of the rapid

spread of the disease and the very small

expense of effectual treatment, it stands

every grower in hand to make thorough

use of the remedies.





Wayne Co. J. E. MORSE.





KIND OF SPRAYER.





 





 





Is a barrel sprayer of any use in spray-

ing a ten—acre orchard if the trees are

quite large?



Leelanau Co. SUBSCRIBER.



Yes, a barrel sprayer can be made of

much use in an orchard, even where the

trees are quite large. Mount the barrel

on a high-wheeled wagon and build upon

the wagon a derrick upon which a man,

with a run of hose, stands to apply the

spraying mixture to the top of the trees.

\Vith a good pump, a good man at the

handle and a careful man holding the

hose and nozzle the mixture can be well

spread over the surface of the limbs and

leaves. Of course, one must remember





that forcing the spray to the top of a

large tree is more difficult than spraying

potatoes. The mechanical problem en-

tering makes this difference, for it is

easier to pour a pail of water in a wood-

chuck hole than throwing it on the roof

of a house. By investing in a more ex-

pensive spraying outfit you would save

much of the hard labor necessary with

the barrel sprayer. If you have the

money to so invest, it would pay you, no

doubt, to do so, for one is more apt to

neglect the spraying that should be done,

if he has a hard time getting it on than

he would were the work easier. Then,

too, with the power sprayer he usually

gets a higher pressure on the hose which

results in a better distribution of the

spray. But where one cannot afford to

advance the money for the more costly

outfit, but is rather in a position where

labor can be better expended he will

certainly find that the hours spent in ap-

plying spray to the orchard will be richer

in results, one year taken with another,

than the time put upon any other work

on the farm, providing, of course, that his

trees are otherwise in producing condi-

tion.





THE CULTIVATION OF BRUSSELS

SPROUTS.



The soil for this vegetable“requires to

be rich, and it is essential that it be

deeply wbrked in order that good results

be obtained. Care should also be taken

to procure a good strain of seed, there

being many spurious stocks in the mar-

ket. Brussels sprouts should on no ac-

count be planted among potatoes or other

crops, as they thus become unduly weak-

ened and do not give such full crops as

when shown by themselves. The seeds

should be sown thinly in beds of fine-

dug, prepared soil and covered to the

depth of about an inch with fine mould

taken from the alleys. For the principal

fall crop sow during the month of April

or May. The young seedling plants will

require protection from the depredation

of birds, which will soon make sad havoc

among them, if not prevented in time. A

little finely sifted coal or wood ashes

dusted over the bed on the first appear-

ance of the young plants will be of great

service in protecting the latter. As soon

as the young plants are sufficiently

strong enough to handle, they should be

pricked into nursery beds, where they are

to remain until strong enough for plant—

ing into their permanent quarters. Dark

showery weather should be selected, if

possible, for planting out, as plants put

out in this sort of weather will root much

quicker and require less labor in water-

ing than those that are planted in dry,

parching weather. In rich soils, where

the plants grow tall, the main crop may

be planted in rows of about two feet

apart, and the plants 18 inches apart in

the rows. The latest sowing may be

planted two feet from row to row, and

one foot apart in the row. The after

cultivation consists in watering, stirring

of the soil and keeping it clear of weeds.

A little earth may be drawn to the

stems, except when these are furnished

with sprouts too low to admit of such be-

ing done. As the side leaves get old, or

begin to fade away, they should be grad-





 





ually removed, commencing with the

lowest. Some cultivators cut off the

head entirely when the sprouts are

formed; this should not be done, as the





leaves are very useful in sheltering the

sprouts from the frost and snow. The

cultivation of sprouts ought to be more

extensively adopted, as any good garden

soil is favorable for their growth. In

poor ground manure may be given but

its application in large quantities is not

desirable, for it stimulates the plants into

great luxuriance, and thus tends to make





them produce larger and less compact

sprouts.

Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





SAWDUST NOT SATISFACTORY FOR

STRAWBERRIES. ‘





 





. In regard to the question of A. R. K. as

to the advisability of using sawdust for

mulching strawberries I will say for his

benefit that I experimented with sawdust

several years ago and did not find it at

all satisfactory. While this material may

answer fairly well as a winter protection

and moisture conserver, it is no good to

keep berries clean. At least, It was our

experience that the sawdust particiesT

cling to the berries after rains, making

a bad mess of it. Straw over the saw-

dust would, of course, protect the fruit

but if one must use straw to protect the

fruit, one might as well apply the straw

at first. M. N. EDGERTON.





'APRH'. 22, 191;.

U S 1", 5/5.? lid/Ml”;

ON it» (AD: 3





Never lose their full tone-value and

are guaranteed not to Injure the re-

producing point of any phonograph

Will not wear, chip, break or crack.





On receipt of25c (coin or stamps) we will

mail 1 two-minute record, price 85c,

and one four—minute record, price50c.

Eighty-five Cents Value for a Quarter.

This introductory offer is for a limited

time and only one set sold to each person.





to sure and write (or handsomely illustrated Phono-

‘rsph Catalog No.16. and complete List of Records.





The_U,-S.Phonograph Company

M I“

The-Bishop-Babcock-Becket-.00.

Whom





 





 

 

 

 





 





POTATO

SPRAYERS





.233 Bushels

more per acre by

Spraying





That is what the





 

   

   

 

 

   

   

   

 

   

 

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   





 

 

 





3-4531 {’1‘





 





yew York Efper.



ment Stat on W «"'



reports as a to WT:‘?‘ YI’uprfiil ‘ ,



year average 23 -’ , _._* -'



Gail-b Safar- , . 'M‘l’hl ‘13le ‘ _



I‘ogpo atoea. _ 9kg \f . J



moron“ ab ‘

so



to}? 3nd '



b an: mun—memununs'r I, y‘ «and



on r



Macs the Mo ayyonsreroally tiedtotor





work out 0 your Potatoes or fruit. 8 ray

m then if you buy, Pay Us onto! the “Extra ro-

flt. " These sprayers arms yAnyuilng,

orchards, vineyards, truck (4 to 6 rows a time).

-power and horse-power." Powerful pres-

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durable e. valves. plunger. strains. do.

Guaranteed lot 5 Years. ‘





Shipped on Free Trial





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.. -- fiesta ours





 





 





 

 





'08 A". THE POTATO





without cuttingt hem—Just enough adjustment to meet

your conditions without carrying too much soil. Saves

euou h more potato es, oven in small acre-‘0 to pay; for



mach no in short time. Perfect separation. Is as 'ght

draft assn dig rcsnbs Noneck wei ht. Twost lyles

made 5 .00 to $105. 00. No. l is the lig ter

machine, built on strong but very simple lines—s great

favorite with growers. So rigs. easilyremovsd



and cheaply ”doplsc Operates entirely from the seat





‘ PO TA TO

0106588





are not 0 en sonof actual use in all sort of

conditions vs prov their worth. Write to- day for

Anniversary Catalo g—complete line of potato muchiu‘

ery, gardenT wheel hose and drills. orchard tools. etc.

BA TEMAN 313:2? 00





 





 

 

 





 

 





 





CIDER PRESSES





THE ORIGINAL HT. 91 LEAD HY.

DBAULIO PRESS produces more older

from less apples than any other and is a





BIG MONEY MAK_ ER

Sizes 10 to 4m barrels daily, hand

or power. Presses for all pun-h

poses. also cider evaporator-s,

apple butter cookers. vine-

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gee. We are manufac-

turers, not jobbers.

HYDRAULIC PIES! ITO. 00.,

(Old-t and largest msnufnotursrs of side!

"cousin the world.)

18 1 Lincoln Avenue. lion-t Gilead. Ohio





PEACH TR EES‘L22;°°%,E$€.'.‘3'





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W. A. ALL N 6: SONS. Geneva. Ohio.





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Buy Direct Save Money pom. T a... a



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me0s and Berry lants . Cheek“ Catalog free.

ERNST RUBBER! E8. Box W. 0.





Seed Corn and (late For Sak'Efn‘? $323233





Swedish Select. Golden Fleece and National Oats.

The best varieties. Write for samples. rloes and

circular. I". A. BYWA am Memphis. gMichigan.





 





 





 





Seed Com—Reid's Yellow/Dent, Imp. Looming, Golden

Surprise, American Pride, White Cap and

Seed 0.“. Cit-10¢ free. mm. BURT & SONS. lmfl. 0.





 





 





warn mu fi.‘tl’:‘&.‘:ll.il"i::l.i‘£-‘-'





 





 





 





wws‘

35'
APRIL 22. 1911.

SETTING THE TREES.





 





In previous articles we have treated of

orchard plans and methods of marking

out the orchard. I now wish briefly to

state our method of setting the trees.



We will presume that the orchard is

staked out and that the planting board

is to be used. This is set so that the

center notch is about the stake and stakes

are then set in the holes near each end

of the board. If desired a number of

holes may be staked out ahead so that

the one digging need not bother with the

staking. We save our stakes from year

to year so as to have a good supply on

hand.



The person digging the hole then be-

gins at the proper distance from the cen-

ter stake and digs entirely around it be-

fore removing the stake so there will be

no danger of getting the hole more at one

side of the stake than at the other. The

surface soil down to the usual depth of

plowing is put in a heap on one side and

for year trees we like to have the hole dug

so as to be 18 inches in diameter at the

bottom and from 15 to 18 inches deep.

Some of the lower soil may only be

loosened but not removed.



In setting the tree two are needed to

do the work conveniently. One takes the

tree and sets it in the hole to determine

the depth needed for this particular tree

so as to bring the graft a little below the

ground ordinarily, or at least to set the

tree a little deeper than it set in the nur-

sery row. The shoveller now fills the

hole with the surface soil to the proper

depth to set the tree, while the second

man adjusts the planting board over the

stakes, and the tree is then set in the

center notch of the planting board in such

a. way as to make the crook or lean of

the tree to the southwest a little so the

prevailing winds from this direction will

tend to blow it straight rather than

more slanting. The roots are straight-

ened out so as to radiate as evenly as

possible from the trunk, and surface soil

is sifted in and worked and packed about

the roots with one hand while the tree

is held in position with the other. When

the soil has been packed firmly about the

roots and the tree is located in place the

planting board is removed and the filling

progresses, using the surface soil first and

the subsoil last. One man continues to

tramp the soil about the tree with the

feet, as a thorough packing of the soil

so it will hold the moisture is the secret

of successful tree planting. As the filling

progresses the tree is given the proper

slight angle to the southwest. If the

slant or alignment is not correct when set

the tree may be moved slightly by stamp-

ing hard on the soil opposite to the direc-

tion it is wished to incline it. It is best

to scatter a layer of loose soil over the

top to prevent rapid evaporation. Culti-

vation or mulching should follow soon,

also pruning. If the tree can not be

shaped and the scaffold branches selected

this season the tree may be pruned quite

closely and the top started the following

spring. This is generally true of the

peach anyway as it does fully as well

with the top removed, that is, pruned to

a Whip. One—year apple trees can be cut

back to about 21/2 or 3 feet, and the head

formed the next season.



We usually remove the trees from the

place where they are headed in, and trim

the roots, taking out bruised and broken

ones, and any crown gall that may be

present, and making a fresh cut at the

end of the larger roots, usually so the

cut surface will be down. Extra long

roots may be cut back rather than bent

in the hole. The trees are then set in

barels of water on a low-down wagon,

each bearing its proper label, and the

wagon drawn along as needed. The trees

are taken from the barrels and scattered

along in the holes as set, taking care

not to scatter many trees ahead.



This may not be the best way of set—

ting trees. but we have found it as con-

venient as any we have tried, and we

have had good success in setting them.

Last year only two apple trees out of 900

failed to live. We have never used water

in setting as I do not think it necessary

if care is taken to firm the soil well and

it is reasonably moist.





Calhoun Co. S. B. HARTMAN.





 





Young celery and tomato plants, (just

transplanted), should be protected from

hard rains by covering with boards rest-

ing on blocks or stones to raise them

above the plants. Many plants are de—

stroyed by a beating rain falling just af-

ter they are transplanted. We find those

covered to be in much better condition

than any left to the full effect of a down-

pour.





°





‘THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (11) 475





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





L-





, oy'... _

. .

o .





 





 





\s

" r:

1/.”

Vi .





grain coming up? Does it look like a

bumper stand?



These questions are of vital importance to you.

But there is another question of even greater signifi-

cance—will you get a 100 % harvest? It’s the grain

you harvest that really counts. That is why it means

so much to you to harvest 100% of the stand of grain.





To get all the grain, you must have perfect

harvesting machines. All good farmers are agreed on

that point. And that is just the reason why they select

harvesting machines branded with the I H C trade-

mark—under any one of these six celebrated names.





wHAT is the harvest outlook? How is the





Champion Osborne

Deering Milwaukee

McCormick Plano





They know by experience that I H C harvesting

machines are absolutely dependable—that they go

through season after season of hard work without

a slip-up—without a serious delay of any kind. They

know that the margin of safety in the strength of

each part is assurance of their ability to stand up

and do splendid work even when unusual strain is

placed upon them.





They know that I H C harvesting machines work

satisfactorily under adverse conditions—where the

grain is lodged, tangled, and down—short or tall—

when the land is hilly or level. They know that

I H C harvesting machines are built so as to

allow for a wide range of adjustment to meet every

field condition—for example, if the grain is

down and tangled, the reel and platform can 5:

be so adjusted that all of the grain will be «

cut and bound much the same as if it were

standing straight.



They know, too, that on I H C harvesting

machines, all the bearings are easily accessible

so that they have no difficulty in oiling the





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





'GET 100%. I'IARVEST \





Working parts and giving the machine the attention

which it should have in order that the full measure

of success may attend its work throughout the

harvest season.





And I H C harvesting machine owners know

that if by accident any part of their machine should

happen to break, an exact duplicate of that very

part can be obtained quickly from the I H C local

dealer. You know what that means to you when

the grain is rapidly ripening. No long delays—no

worry—no sending all over the country for parts—-

no possibility of losing any part of the harvest.

Consider that point very carefully when buying a

harvesting machine. No one can foretell accidents.

But you must be protected against big losses by

quick action in repairing the damage. That is but

one advantage of the wonderful I H C organization.





The harvesting machine proposition concerns

you so vitally that you ought not to delay in getting

the equipment you need. Why not see the I H C

local dealer some day this week—tomorrow if you

can? Let him tell you which of the six I H C har-

vesting machines meets your requirements best. Ask

him about haying machines and tools of these lines.





Let him tell you about binder twine too. Get

the facts about these seven dependable brands and

be sure of perfect twine. Choose Champion, McCor-

mick, Osborne, Deering, Milwaukee, Plano, or Inter~

national—in Sisal, Standard, Manila, and Pure

Manila brands.





If it is not convenient for you to see the I H C

local dealer, write direct for full information and

the catalogues you want.





INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA





(incorporated)





Chicago U S A





[H C Service Bureau



The Bureau is a clearirig house of agricultural

data. It aims to learn the best ways of doing



things on the farm. and then distribute the

information. Your individual experience may

help others. Send your problems to the I H 0

Service Bureau

A





 





 





 





 





Fruit Sprayed





with





Bowker’s“Py1'OX”





brings more money





because it is free from injury by worms,

scab, etc. Over 300 testimonials in our





new catalogue show the great value of this preparation on all kinds of fruits





and vegetables. Pyrox serves two purposes; it kills insects and prevents dis-

ease and blemish. It adheres to the foliage even through heavy rains, saving

labor and cost of re-spraying. Perfectly safe. It is all ready to use by mixing

with cold water. Every grower who seeks fruit and vegetables free from

blemish needs “Pyrox,” the “one best spray.” It





“Fills the barrel with the kind they used to put on Top”_g





Send for new catalogue with photograph of sprayed and unsprayed fruit in

original colors. Will convince the most skeptical. Say how many and what

kinds of fruit trees, or how many acres of potatoes you have to spray, and ask

for special prices. We ship from Boston, Baltimore, and Cincinnati.





BOWKE





4—





 





”INSECTICIDE COMPANY,

43 CHATHAM STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
476 at)





The Michigan Farmer





BSTABIJSIIBD uses.





no: LAWRENCE musmm co.

EDITORS All! nominees.





89 b 45 m Shed Isl. let-fl. w.

Tm In: as.

b cw You Cruel-41 Park low.

, Cmoaoo Omen—ill m lst‘l. Bonk Buildi .

Cnmmn Dunes—ML n An. N.

Genre Burns Owns—5 am New





M. J. Lemon... .... .... .... .... .... ....m.

L. MWBIIOI.... .... .... .... ......V‘ioe-Prmldent.

I. K. HOUGHTOX.... ............ .... .... .. Sea-True.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





I. ll. WATEBBURY................. mm.



0. I. YOUNG.... .... .... A-ooiste

BURT WERMUTH......... . . Elton.

ALTA LAWSON LITTRLL.... .. .......





 





R. H. HOUGETON.... .... .... ......Bueiness Hunger

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COPYRIGHT l9"





by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned

inst reprinting any portion of the contents of

gin issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brought against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

Paper, which has been sent after the

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which does not print, in each issue,

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The Lawrence Pub. 60.,



Detroit, Mich.





DETROIT. APIL 22. I91 I.





 





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





First read the letter written

Do it Now. by Mr. M. J. Lawrence to



President Taft, published on

this page. giving his views ‘ of the

Canadian reciprocity agreement and some

of the reasons why it should not be rati-

fied by congress. In that letter Mr. Law-

rence states his position clearly and con-

cisely. He has been in \i'ashingion de-

voting a great deal of time and energy

to this proposition during recent weeks.

and states in a recent letter that he is

much encouraged at the present outlook

and believes that if farmers will get busy

at once and write their congressmen and

senators in Opposition to this agreement,

its approval by congress may yet be

averted. But if our readers would bring

any further effective influence to bear in

this matter they must do it now! A

great many members of congress are

wavering in their attitude on this great

question which is dividing the country.

It will take a great deal of pressure to

make some of them see that it will be so

injurious to the farmers as to be bad for

the country at large, and some are divid-

ed in their allcgiance to an urban popu-

lation who erroneously think the cost of

living will be greatly decreased by the

adoption of this agreement, and a rural

population who are unanimous in the

well founded opinion that their business

will be. injured by it in an unwarrantable

and unjust manner. Undoubtedly the bill

embodying the terms of the agreement

will he. passed by the house, the controll-

ing faction in which is pledged to it, but

the less the majority which it receives,

the loss will be its prestige in the senate,

and senators from any state from which

all congressmen having a rural constitu-

ency are opposed to it will hesitate the

longer before favoring it. For this reason

every reader should write his congress-

man at once. unless he has positive as-

surance from him that he will be opposed

to the bill. But it is still more important

that he should write both I’nited States

senators, telling them couricousiy but

convincingly the writer’s attitude upon

this proposition which so vitally affects

the welfare of the farmers of the coun-

try and particularly of the border states

like Michigan. If every reader will act

upon this suggestion at once we believe

their protests will be effective. If these

gentlemen receive thousands of letters

from their rural constituents protesting





THE MICHIGAN FARMER;





against the passage of this hill just on

themotltsconsldmtionbythesenate.

they will undoubtedly give serious con-

sideration to thus communications. To

this end we urge every once! our readers

to get busy. Write the congressman

from your district. also Senators William

Alden Smith and Charles E. Townsend.

at Washington. D. (3.. without further

delay. Do it now!





The condition of the

wool market is a.

source of not a little

disappointment to sheep owners the coun-

try over. There is a single grain of com-

fort in the outlook. and that is in the

feeling that the market has touched the

bottom. However. there is no telling

what the future may bring forth in the

wool trade, with congress in session and

with the revision of the wool schedule

under consideration by the democratic

leaders who are now in control in the

house. Recent advices from Washington

state that a bill providing for the revision

of schedule K of the tariff law, which

deals with wool and woolen goods, is now

being prepared by the majority members

of the ways and means committee of the

house and will be reported out at an early

date. Just what the provisions of this

bill will be is impossible to state at this

time, but it is said on good authority that

it will place all duties of this class of

imports on an advalorem basis, with con-

siderable reductions on both wool and

woolens.



After the tariff board was created by

congress in response to the recommenda-

tion of President Taft, that body was di-

rected to devote its attention to an in-

vestigation of present conditions in

the wool and woolen goods trade, and it

was the general understanding that the





The Wool Situation.





. President would make some recommenda-





tion based on their report for the revis-

ion of schedule K. But with the reversal





‘of the political complexion of the house





and the assembling of congress in Special

session, it is now declared to be certain

that congress will not wait for the report

of the tariff board as desired by the Pres-

ident, but will attempt to revise this

Schedule at once. This apparent certainty

has had the unavoidable effect of paralyz-

ing the wool trade right at the season

when the new clip was ready to market.

and such movements as have occurred

have been consummated only through the

making of ample allowance for anything

that congress might do in this connec-

tion. At the present time our market is

only slightly above the foreign market.

notwithstanding the 11-cent duty which

affords needed protection to our wool

growers under normal conditions, dealers

and manufacturers naturally being averse

to loading up with wool while the future

is so uncertain in this regard.



As above noted it is only a guess what

congress may do in the consideration of

this matter. The most general guess is,

however, that little will be done at this

session in the way of actual legislation.

The situation is a most complicated one.

The democratic leaders of the house are

not agreed as to the extent of the reduc-

tions which should be made or as to the

classifications or grades of wool to which

they should be applied. Other differences

also exist which will require compromises

to be made, and in order to formulate a

bill which will pass the senate the aid of

the “insurgent" senators. so called, must

he enlisted, which would require further

compromises. When all these factors are

considered it is believed by close students

of the situation that if any agreement for

the revision of schedule K is reached by

congress at the present session, the duty

on wool will not be reduced below the

equivalent of seven or eight cents per

pound, in which case there would prob—

ably be some improvement in market con-

ditions. However, this is only a guess, and

not a very helpful one to the wool grower

who is trying to decide whether it is bet-

ter to hold his clip for an improvement

in the market or sell it and take the loss

which is the present result of the agi—

tation for the lowering of the tar-

iff. Positive conclusions, however, are

practically impossible, and the best the

grower can do is to make a guess and

abide by the result.



Among the notices of



Scope of the Food judgment pursuant to

and Drugs Act. prosecutions for the

violation of the pure



food and drugs act of 1906, sent out by

the Department of Agriculture in com-

pliance with the conditions of the law.

are some that show the wide scope of this

law and the beneficial‘results of its gen-

eral application. Among documents of

this kind recently received is one giving





-.lmportant





notice or e. judgment rendered for the

animation and mlsbmnding of cats.

The ease upon which this judgment was

based was the shipment of a. consignment

ofoatsbyaMissourlgt-ainfirm toe.

point in Louisiana. the same being in-

voiced and sold as “No. 3 white oats." An

examination of a sample of this shipment

of oats, made by the Bureau of Chemistry

of the U. S. Department of Agriculture

showed the present» of 73.6 per cent of

oats, 8.4 per cent of barley and 18 per

cent of miscellaneous weed seeds and

chaff.



After affording the interested parties

opportunities for hearings, the Secretary

of Agriculture reported the fact to the

Attorney-General with the usual state-

ment of evidence upon which to base a

prosecution. Pursuant to the filing of

criminal information in the United States

District Court for the Eastern District of

Missouri, in which the facts of the find-

ing were set forth and in which the aile-

gation was made that the goods were

misbranded within the meaning of the

law and were “an article, to wit, 'No. 3

white oats,’ ” the defendant entered a.

plea of guilty to the information. and the

court imposed the fine prescribed by law,

together with costs. .



Other reports of judgments made public

at the same time, two other cases were

included where the same firm plead guilty

to similar information. In one of these

cases the proportion of oats found in the

sample was 70.4 per cent and in the

other 68.4 per cent. In a similar case

against a Tennessee firm judgment was

rendered on like information where the

sample was 85 per cent oats. Several

cases were also reported in which judg-

ment had been rendered for the mis-

branding of cottonseed meal, in which the

analysis did not come up to the guar-

antee.



The object in calling these cases to the

reader’s attention at this time is to illus-

trate the scope of this law, and the broad

application which is given it by the fed-

eral courts.





THE RECIPROCITY AGREEMENT.





 





Our Mr. M. J. Lawrence has been hard

at work in Washington for the past two

weeks with senators, congressmen and

the President to bring about the defeat

of this agreement. At the request of the

President, Mr. Lawrence wrote him the

following letter on the subject:



My Dear Mr. President:—



Your authorized note by Mr. Hilles of

11th, asks me to write more in detail my

objections to the Canadian reciprocity

agreement.



You will concede, I think, that the ex—

pected result of this agreement will be

the reducing of the so-called “high cost

of living." I think, if consummated, it

will accomplish this to a slight degree.

but entirely at the expense of our farm-

ers with absolutely nothing to compen—

sate them. So far as our farmers are

concerned the word “reciprocity" is a

misnomer.



The agriculturists of this country creat-

ed the original wealth that made possible

the origin of all other industries. They

have fdr many years contentedly con-

tributed their full share. by paying the

high protective duties on all they had to

buy, to the upbuildlng and developing of

all the great manufacturing and all other

industrial achievements that

give high-paid employment to many mil-

lions of laborers, who are consumers,

thus creating by far the largest and best

markets for farm products of the world.

These markets by right belong to the

American farmer and it is robbery to

take them from him or lessen their value

to him without giving adequate returns

therefor. This agreement proposes to

open these great markets of 92,000,000 of

people, 65 per cent of whom are cOnsum-

ers and non-producers of agricultural

products—in return for opening the mar-

kets of only 7,500,000 people, 65 per cent

of whom are producers of agricultural





products.

But what is of most vital importance

is the great advantage the Canadian





farmer has in the way of much greater

area of rich virgin soil, at much lower

prices than American farm lands. cheaper

labor and cheaper modes of living. Every

one knows that the proposed reductions

on articles that the farmer buys is simply

a fallacy. as the duties retained are in

every case abundant to protect our manu-

facturers and meat packers from

dian competition. The reduced duties

will not reduce the cost of a single article

that the farmer buys to the amount of

one cent.



The removal of Canadian duty on cot—

tonseed oil will not increase its sale

there, as there is no competition in Can-

ada nor any other country for this pro-

duct. The free entry of fruits into Can-

ada is the one and only item that has a.

semblance of reciprocity for the farmer

and this will apply almost wholly to cit-

rus fruits from California and Florida,

from where they are now buying almost

their entire supply.



The Canadian surplus of agricultural

products is 50 to 55 per cent while ours is

6 to 7 per cent. Is there any justice in

opening our markets, on equal terms, to

Canada under these conditions. when they

can ship to them, in most cases, cheaper





Cana-«





“81an





than our producers can? It is s. well es-

tablished fact that the agriculturists of

Canada have worked hard and persist-

ently for this agreement for 50 years past





and are now rejoicing in expectation of





very material benefits from it, advance in

prices of their products and increase in

value of their lands, all of which must

be paid for out of the pockets of the

American farmer. A great claim has

been made for American corn admitted

free into Canada. Canada produced over

25,000,000 bushels of good corn last year

and it is reasonable to expect that if this

agreement is in effect five years they will

produce more corn per capita than we

will at that time. There is no good rea—





son to expect that removal of Canadian





duty on our com will increase their con-

sumption of it to any appreciable extent.

The Canadian live stock feeders pro—

duce some of the finest finished beef cat-

tle and mutton of this continent and they

are liberal winners of prizes every year

at the fat stock shows at Chicago. The

American meat trusts can buy beef cattle

and sheep from Canada free of duty, but

all fresh and cured meats and even cured

and dried meats and fish retain a suffi-

cient protective duty. To talk about our

stockmen buying feeders from Canada is

another fallacy, for this class of stock is

as high in price there as here and if there

was anything really practical in this

claim it would be simply another robbery

of our live stock breeders of Texas, Colo-

rado, Montana and Wyoming who raise

no corn and have their capital invested in

abundant facilities for producing all the

live stock feeders for the requirements.

All kinds of grain are free but all kinds

of flour and cereals are sufficiently pro-

tected. Timber and rough woods are free

but all kinds of finished lumber, shingles





'and lath, are sufficiently protected. * In





fact. every article in the form that the

farmer has to buy is subject to sufficient

protection to fully maintain present

prices“ I repeat that the reduction of

duties on Canadian finished products will

not in a single case admit them as com-

petitors with the manufacturers, millers

and packers of this country. I am and

have been for many years in favor (if a

just and liberal reciprocity agreement

with Canada, but I am most bitterly op-

posed to legislation that robs the very

best industrial class of our country, to

benefit a similar class of a. foreign coun-

try.



I could cite very many more equally

strong arguments in objection to this

agreement but will desist with the state-

ment that the great mass of statistics

that have been promulgated by the ad-

vocates of this measure are in many

cases misleading as to practical facts. I

have carefully analyzed every claim of its

friends and can find nothing to justify it

from the American farmer’s standpoint.

\Vith the wonderful prospective develop-

ment of Canadian agriculture. this treaty

agreement will, in my judgment, in a

very few years produce the following

results: .



First. a material decrease in the value

of farm land in the United States.



Second, a corresponding increase of the

value of farm lands in Canada.



Third, a very important change in

the balance of trade between the two

countries in favor of Canada.



Fourth, a great and damaging increase

of immigration of young farmers from

this country to Canada. which to my

mind is the most serious and lamentable

of the four results.



With much respect I am,



Very truly yours.



_ LAWRENCE.



W'ashington. D. C.



April 13, 1911. ~



It is indeed a strange phenomenon in

national politics to see a republican pres-

ident, ostensibly the head of a protective

tariff party, enthusiastically building and

using all of his administrative powers and

seeking the aid of democratic members of

congress to make permanent, a progres-‘

sive stepping stone for-the free trade ele-





ment of the democratic party. ‘





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





.Natlonal.





Pontiac begins government under com-

mission plan.



Coionel Roosevelt has returned to Oys-

ter- Bay from his western spdeec’hmaking

tour.



Experiments with kite-shaped aero-

planes go to prove that aeroplanes can

be warded off during sieges and field en-

gagements between forces whenever the

air craft comes within reach of guns.

These experiments show that by the use

of rapid firing guns but a moment's work

will put out of commission the machinery

and vital mechanical parts of the aero-

plane.



Representatives of jurisdictions along

the Mississippi Valley and adjacent ter—

ritory are urging upon congress the

iakes—to—the—gulf deep waterway, and it

appears that the question threatening the

defeat of the measure is to what extent

such a water course would lower the

water level in the Great Lakes, since a

few inches below the present level would

reduce the carrying capacity of the

steamers over the lime kiln crossing in

Detroit river and thereby greatly affect

shipping interests via the present route.



The Canadian Parliament rte—assembles

on Wednesday. The important measure

for consideration is the trade agreement

with the United States. The expectation

is that the measure will be immediately

passed, since the government is backed

by a majority of 40.



The Calhoun county board of supervis-

ors adopted a resolution declaring the re-

cent vote taken upon the local option

question to be favorable to the “drys” in ,

that the votes for returning to the wet

column did not amount to half of the .





 





.v-u-é...





.~.u:..‘.





... ...w. -, i
.sa:_.,, ..,...;..,





<- . AM”: ._, .





APRIL (3.31011.





number of votes cast providing blank





votes upon which no markings showed

.were counted as votes. In Jackson ecunty





the board of supervisors referred the

matter to a judicial body for inquiry.



Adrian C. Joss. former pitcher of the

Cleveland American team, died after a

lingering illness and was buried in Toledo

Monday. He was considered one of the

few most effective pitchers in base bail,

and his untimely death will be a decided

loss to the Naps and to the base ball

world in general. ' -



It is estimated that 45,000 United

States farmers have already engaged

transportation for moving to Western

Canada, the value of their effects

amounting to $15,000,000.



Foreign.





The approach of coronation week in

London finds accommodations inadequate

to house and feed the prospective visit-

ors on that occasion.



A collision between balloons at Berlin,

Germany, resulted in the car of one of

the air craft being overturned, throwing

the occupants to the ground, all of whom

were seriously hurt and are not expected

to recover. .



Mormon missionaries who are working

in England were attacked at Blrkenhead

by a mob, who demanded the strangers

to leave the place. It was with much

difficulty that the police restored order.

An anti-Mormon campaign has started

in the British Isles because of the large

number of followers, especially girls who

are being sent by the missionaries to this

country.



A report to the French Academy of

Medicine of the concer victims in Europe

showed the prevalency of this disease to

be confined largely to the cold, damp

countries of the north, the percentage of

persons affected in northern Europe be-

ing from three to four times as large as

along the Mediterranean.



American Ambassador Reid is collect-

ing for the government at Washington

resolutions from borough and city coun--

oils of the United Kingdom, favoring the

suggestion of President Taft providing

for a complete Anglo-American arbitra-

tion treaty.



The Canadian parliament at Ottawa has

introduced the race problem by ques-

tioning whether that country ought not

to bar negroes from imigrating to Canada

and taking up homesteads. During the

past few years the number coming in

from the states have been rapidly in-

creasing and it is feared that should the

increase continue that Canada will soon

have a race question to handle.



The complicated situation developing

from the revolution in Mexico may draw

this country into another conflict with the

Mexicans. The attack upon Juarez, Mon-

day, by 2,500 rebels who kept up firing

most of that day, and whose bullets

reached the town of Douglas near by and

wounded several American citizens, has

placed the administration in Washington

in an undesirable situation, since the

sending of American troops across the

border would mean the endangering of

lives of the hundreds of American citizens

who are in Mexico, would nullify the

years of work done in diplomatic circles

to bring the two countries into harmoni-

ous relations, and would, undoubtedly in-

cur this country into a war that would

drag out into months and perhaps years.

President Taft appears to have exhausted

the resources of the executive pOWer, ex-

cept the declaring of war, and is now

leaving the matter to congress to decide

what should be done for the protection

of American citizens and American inter-

ests. Communications sent the govern-

ment of Mexico have not been answered.

In the battle Monday it is reported that

from 100 to 200 federals were killed and

from 20 to 50 rebels. After 17 hours of

fighting the rebels held their positions at

all points about the city. The battle is

the largest during the present conflict,

and undoubtedly will be renewed, since

Jaurez is an important point to hold, as

in the federal hands it prevents the rebels

from having free communication with

this country.



Rebels are surrounding Fez, Morocco,

and France and Spain are hurrying troops

across the Mediterranean to protect their

interests in the troubled African country.

The Sultan of Morocco is being opposed

by many of the tribes who formerly

stood by him and it seems that chances

for overcoming them are few.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.



Genesee 00., April 1.—Weather cold and

backward for past two weeks. No oats

sowed yet. Last year the crop was about

all in the ground at this date. Hay about

all sold. Potatoes at 35@40c still in the

farmer’s hands to a great extent. Wool

market not yet opened but prospects are

that prices will be low. Hired help very

scarce at $24Gp26 per month and board.

Live stock wintered well. Common sows

sell at $556060. Horses very high, from

$200 apiece up for good ones. Wheat on

the ground has suffered from drought

since March lst until some rain and snow

fell the past week. Meadows in same

condition. Wheat is bringing 80c; oats,

30¢; corn, 47c; Hairy butter, 24c; cream-

ery, 270; eggs, 16c; live chickens, 13c;

dressed hogs, 8c; dressed beef, 6@80; veal

90; mutton, 6c; lambs, 10c.



Mecocta 00., April 3.——April came in

more like March than April. Snow on

the ground and quite cold. Quite windy

today but appearances indicate better

weather just ahead. Hay seems fairly

plentiful and is selling at from $10@13

per ton. Corn the same and selling at

25@30c per bu. Fodder is quite scarce

and sells at from $275603 per 100 bundles.

Live stock wintered well. Cows are not

selling like they did a year ago. Hogs

are worth 8c live weight. Horses were

selling at about the same prices as last

season until about a week ago, when they

took a drop. Butter-fat has dropped so

low that now, since the creameries are





THE ", MICHIGAN FARMER.





grading it, many of the farmers are eith-

er going to make butter or sell their

cows. Eggs are cheaper than they have

been for years. Butter-fat, first grade,

is worth 19c; eggs, 13c.; potatoes, 46c to-

day, the best they have been this sea-

sou. They are mostly all out of this

section.



Waohtenaw 60., April 3,—The weather

for- the past month has been more favor-

able for the industry of maple syrup and

sugar making than for the wheat and

meadow fields. The constant freezing and

thawing is having a bed effect. Clover in

clay and wheat ground is already badly

heaved and indications are that such

crops are injured 25 per cent. No work

on the ground has been possible as yet.

Live stock has wintered well. A very

unusual number of auctions and farm

changes, and an extremely large sale of

silos has taken place; probably 40 or 50

of the latter will be erected in this vicin-

ity. Prices of commodities working

nomenal rise of 100 per bushel. Creamery

lower except potatoes, which had a phe—

butter lower than in many years, 22c;

eggs, 13c. Farmers alarmed at the sud-

den change of outlook.



Lapeer 00., April 8.—The prevailing

winds are northerly so far in April. Hard

freezes nights and thawing partially

through the day. Good weather for maple

sugar making but not good for the wheat

crop on the ground. Clover, new Seeding,

intended for meadows this year is in

many cases killed out badly, and we ap-

prehend that the hay crop for the season

ahead will bring large prices next fall.

Horses and milch COWS bring good prices

and eggs and butter begin to boost in

price. Ground too soft now for hauling

out manure and plowing. The price for

lambs is a surprise, being much better

than looked for. \Ve do not look for a.

$3 price for spring gigs this spring.



:0.



Wayne 00., April 5. The weather has

been very open through March, freezing

and thav’ving nearly every day, and snow-

ing a little nearly every day. April be-

ginning with wet cloudy weather. Very

little plowing done yet. Lots of manure

being drawn out. The wheat in general;

looking bad, being frozen by the cold‘

winds, especially where sown late. Clover:

badly heaved. Wheat, 80c; corn, 50c;i

oats, 300; potatoes, 35c; butter, 22¢ per

lb; eggs, 130 per dozen.



Montgomery 60., April 10.——March and

the fore part of April have been change—

able, with rain or snow every few days,

and quite cold weather part of the month. i

Considerable plowing done. No oats;

sowed as yet. Wheat and clover looking!

fine. Tobacco mostly all sold. V\'heat,l



I





 





 





 





 





850; oats, 28c; potatoes, 500; butter, 220;

eggs, 14c; catilc, 4%@50; hogs, 61/40.

Hardin 00., April 13.——’l‘he weather forl

the past two weeks has been rather wet

for farm operations; good time for clean-

ing seed oats and doing odd jobs about the

farm. Some are having bad success

with their spring pigs. Quite a large

acreage already plowed; some oats have-

been sowed for the past four weeks and}





not up yet. The grass is just starting‘

nicely. The oats on the low ground,

where there is no tile are rotting and‘





will have to be sown again. Fresh cows



in good demand. Fat hogs, 6%c; chick-



ens, 10c; eggs, 14c; butter, 20c.

Wisconsin.



Ashland 00., April 1.——March has been

a very mild month for this section of the

country and snow is all gone except a

little in the woods. Most of the loggers

cleaned up their contracts and very little

out timber remains in the woods. The

farmers are preparing for spring work by

hauling out manure, cleaning and re-

pairing fences and as soon as the frost is

out of the ground plowing will commence.

Ground is very dry and is taking up all

the moisture from the snow, very little

running away. Hay is a little lower, now

only $18; oats, 500; potatoes, 400; eggs,

20c; cows are very scarce and are in

great demand, bringing $50 and higher.

Horses are selling for $350@600, according

to weight, per span.



Indiana.



Laporte 60., April 8.—April so far has

been cold, wet and freezing almost every

night. Snowing most of last week; good

for wheat and fruit but will be late sow-

ing oats. Very few have started to plow.

Stock is in fair shape and cows are

milking fairly well yet shrink if exposed

to the keen cold wind. We hope to have

a fruit crop this year. Roads fair but

autos have driven the horse from the

road for pleasure. Grass is only a trifle





green but rye is good pasture. A good

season for hauling manure.

Clinton 00., April 8.—The last two





weeks have been unfavorable for the

seeding of cats. All that is needed now

is warmer weather as farmers have their

work well in hand. Now is the farrowing

time for pigs, but on account of the cold

weather, expect a good many will be lost.

Hay is selling at $10 per ton for clover.

Some cattle on feed and looking well.

‘Wheat is looking exceptionally fine, es-

pecially that which has been fertilized.

Horses are very scarce and high. Not

many gardens planted here yet, at this

date. Potatoes for seed are selling

around a dollar. Hog prices have taken

a decided drop. Now selling around $6.757

wheat, 790; oats, 29c; com, 350; butter,

23c; eggs, 13c. Outlook for fruit is good.





BOOK NOTICES.





 





 





.Report of Country Life Commission.

Since ex-President Roosevelt approved

the work done by the country life com-

mission there has been a great demand

for_copies of the report. Congress had

copies printed, for its own purposes, but

did not provide for furnishing the public.

Thls copy is very readable because of the

large clear type and will make a valuable

addition to the farmer’s library, as it

touches upon vital questions of rural life

on which the farmer should be well in-

formed. 150 pages, cloth. Price, 75 cents.

Sturgis & Walton, New York.





(13)





477





 





PRICE





$350





Complete With Top-

Side Curtains,

Oil Lamps, Tools,

Pump, Etc.





E have secured the





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high gear.





OUR

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We have no salesmen and

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no heavy advertising, which

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The Cleveland Auto Sales





__._





1911= The Harda .1911





Improved Car





 

 





exclusive selling rights 'for the





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ECONOMY IS A FEATURE of this remarkable car. There is no other

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OUR

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Cleveland, Ohio





 





 





 





25 SEEDS

F R E E.





Thousands of dollars made over year growing this

money-making crop. Only asmai piece of ground

needed. 01 will get my book telling how to row It

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CENTRAL NURSERY (20., Box 25, Mt. Pleasant, Mich.





New Ruplure (lure





 





Don’t Wear a Truss.

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Automatic Air Cushions.

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Pat. Sept. 10, ”m.

cA'rALoc runs.

' C. II. nooks. 5275 lrooks

Building, Marshall, Michigan.





 





 





 

 





A

: PATENTS sum rAcranES P 15:7,:533333'





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PARIHAM a. SUES. Pat. any... Ad.2 7. Washlngion. 0.6.





FARMS AND FARM [ANDS

FUR SALE 0H EXEHANBE





4574 ' , '

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improved. $8 per, acre. WALT ‘





Owner D. S. ,

l‘erry, Montana. l‘his ad. will not. appear again.





 





 





 





 





 





 





—Berthold Indian Reservation will 0 n

HOMBSIeads for-settlement this summer. A compme

map of Mountrail County including Reservation can





be purchased for 250 from . P. Gibb, Stanley, N. D





FOR SALE—1Z1 acres, 65 acres improv-

ed, fenced. House and

fair buildings, goomd water. would make a good stock





farm. Price $21 1% miles from “'Olverine.

Cheboygan 00., Mich. Enquire of Thomas Pankhurst.





TWO 80-AGHE THABIS All/“lid





at French, New Mexico. just over the Colorado line



$60 and $70 an acre. Elegant climate, water on land



$1.“) per acre per year. Two railroads, fine soil.



C. J. SPEAR, 223 Gardner Bldg.. Toledo, Ohio.

Micki an at. from





WHY PAY BEN





near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for ma and pub

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. Sta eld Bros,

(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg . Saginaw, W. S. Michigan.





F O R SAL E'Ifioiilfiif “n25. ”1333





located 4 miles east of Ann Arbor. Large modern





 





 





 





when you can bu

the Best Land ill





 





house and barns fine water sup ly in; 20 afimrood

inn or. gen.





lot. Inquire at 4218. Main St...





 





.0], ”WV

l SELL FARMS ‘Ec.€§§“afi’fiflf°‘iif.¥il‘f suit?

Poultry. Write for list. J. S. HANSON, Hart, Mich.





M m N E so 'rA-me-W 3....



Com file by State.

Accurate information about rice 0: lands in. and

products of each county. 2. 0.000 Acres Home-

ste Lam . Farm Laborers Wanted. Farms

for Rent. Address STATE BOARD OF IMMI-

GRATION. Room'209, State Capitol. St. Paul, Minn.





 





 





1 16-ACR Iiihllfifr‘lfi $5.23.? 339%?





from electric and steam road, Oakland Co. Ill) acres

under cultivation. 16 acres timber, running water,

good buildings: immediate possession: $9000,part down.

80 ACRES on electric line, 30 miles from Detroit.

large stone house, basement barns,£0akland 00., $6000.

60 ACRES. on electric line. 15 miles from Detroit,

Oakland County, best. of soil, $5000. 40 ACRES near

Mt. Clemens finesoil, odlmildingsJ-imo. MEIITON

L. men a (50., 1m alestio 131.13.. Detroit. Mich.





 





180 Acres, $3,400, Part Cash.





Complete Equlpmeni included.



36 head high grade Jersey cattle, 4 horses anda fine

not of farming machinery thrown in free with this

splendid farm; rich loam fields. 3 ring watered as-

ture. m'cords wood and $1,000 wort standing tim or,

good fruit orchard. 300 sugar ma. lee; IO-room house,

telephone, big barn, silo, never ailing spring water,

near neighbors, schools. mail delivered; complete in-

formation and traveling directions to this and

two 275-acre farms with everything in lo (1, page

119, Strout’s Farm Catalogue 3-1 which ives table-

in‘flormatlou rcggrdzng krailrosds, schools, climate,

so s, cm s raise , mar es. e c.. just out. on .v free.

Station 181, E. A. S’l‘ROUT, Union Bank Bgilding,

Pittsburgh Penna.





 





Colorado Needs More llairymen





Big profits in dairying in Colorado. Mild, dry

climate; cheap feeds; pure water: cheap land; borne

markets. Write for “Dairying Booklet."





BOARD 01' IMMIGRATION,

309 State House, Denver, Colo.





 





FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN





The Nation’s ”

Garden Spot-





mr cam mm- and moon '

GROWING socnos— .,

along the





Atlantic Coastline





RAILROAD





in Virginia, North and South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to

WILBUR McCOY, E. N. CLARK.

Adi; l. Agt. for Florida, A. a LAgt. for Virginia.

Alabama, Georgia. and the Carolinas,

Jacksonville. Fla. Wilmington, h. C.
* THE MICHIGAN FARMER‘.‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





m





Woman and He





 





 





 





 





At Home and Elam!) ere





 





 





 





A RIF T IN THE LUTE.





 





eerie





 





 





 





Egg n





 





 





 





AVE you ever had a friend grow

H away from you for that most com-



mon of reasons, because she

climbed the hill of prosperity at a more

rapid pace than you could acquire? If

you have, how did you feel about it?

Didn’t you think bitterly, or cynically, on

the frailty of friendship? Did you not

remark, “Some people can not stand

prOSperity,” and ruminate for hours at a

time on the snotbishness and shallowness

of the person, who having got money,

woul not notice her old friends? Have

you not told yourself over and over again,

that you could not act in such a way, no

matter if you were worth millions? Have

you not dwelt at length on the first little

slights your friend put upon you, and re-

counted to yourself if not to others how

she first quit inviting you to parties, then

forgot to call, and now merely nods and

hurries by when you meet? And you

think of your one time friend now as

being purse-proud and unfaithful, a world—

ly woman who counts show more than

friendship. You blame her entirely for

your estrangement, do you not?



I want you to stop and think the whole

matter over again. and try to think of it

from a third party’s point of view. Just

ask yourself this question and answer it

honestly, “Did the first step in the es-

trangement originate with my friend or

with me?” ,



To begin with, her failure to invite you

to parties, honestly now, did you not

refuse a few invitations before she quit

sending them? Did you not get an idea

somewhere that you could not dress as

well as the other women who would be

there, new acquaintances of your friend,

and that therefore you would not go?

Was there not pride on your part, a fool—

ish pride that made you think that if you

could not look just as well as your friend

and her new set you would be snubbed?

Or perhaps you thought your friend would

be ashamed of your old—fashioned dress

and you would not humiliate her. Some

such reason, kept you away and finally

after repeated refusals your friend stop-

ped inviting you.



You quit running in to see her, too.

Somehow you had a little sore feeling in

your heart every time you saw her in

her comfortable home, so much better

furnished than yours, with a servant to

do the heavy work. Your friend, thus

relieved of drudgery, had time to take

care of her clothes and her complexion

and to retain her youthful looks, while

you in your inconvenient house with no

help, spent all your strength and energy

in keeping the work up and making both

ends meet. You could have stood seeing

the prosperity of a woman you didn’t

know, but to go and look at your old

friend, frecklefaced Mary Smith you had

known from infancy, taking life easy

while you toiled and moiled, was more

than you could bear. You stayed away

from her, and after she had called and

called on you with no return of the cour—

tesy, she finally stayed away, too. You

thought she might come just the same,

she ought to know you would be glad to

see her, but how was she to know it if

you never took the trouble to look in on

her?



You stayed away, nursing a hurt, proud

heart, and she stayed at home with a

grieved, hurt heart, wondering what she

had done to turn you against her? You

never thought she cared a mite, but she

did. You imply looked at the matter

from your own point of view, the point

of view of a jealous woman, and never

gave a thought to the fact that a friend-

ship to be maintained must be worked

from both sides. You thought your lack

of money was sufficient excuse for you to

be suspicious, cool, and resentful, but you

would not have allowed that the posses-

sion of money was any excuse for your

friend to show any sign of aloofness to-

wards you.



I heard the woman who got rich express





her side of the case recently. “I saw

some old friends of mine the other day,

and how I should have liked to stop and

talk over old times with them,” she said.

“But I didn’t dare. I knew just what

they were thinking of me. I could have

told it by their coldly critical inspection

of everything I wore, if I had not heard

before just what their opinion of un-

worthy me is. We were all in school to—

gether, graduated together, formed a.

club together, and all married almost to-

gether, anyway we all married the same

year. They married men on salaries and

those salaries have not gone up by leaps

and bounds. I married a man ’who had

a little business of his own. The first two

years we hadn‘t as much to live on as the

other girls and we were all friends. Then

the business took a sudden start and we

jumped away up in the Dunn book. I

planned all sorts of treats to give those

girls, but I noticed they did not appre-

ciate my efforts. ‘Trying to show off.

\Ve don’t want her charity. Stuck-up

little snip, why, she's nobody but Bell

Lundy, her father was just a. carpenter.’

These were a few of the friendly re-

marks which drifted to me. Yet I kept

on. I wanted to show the girls I thought

just as much of them as ever and that I

had no intention of dropping them. It

was no use. They dropped me, dropped

me so hard I finally gave up. They will

blame me all their lives. I’ll leave it to

any jury of my peers to decide where the

blame belongs.”

DEBORAH.





APPLE BLOSSOMS IN APRIL.





BY GLADYS HYATT SINCLAIR.

"When February days are drear,

When March his fiercest blast sends

forth,”

is the time of all times when we would

most appreciate flowers. It is quite pos-

sible to have them, too, even though we

were improvident enough to force no

bulbs and spent all our winter flower

money for Christmas.



We all have apple, peach and plum

trees. Cut some of the slender twigs, set

thick with buds of promise. Put them

into a. pitcher or fruit can full of warm

water and set them in a warm, dark

place until the buds are big and ready

to burst. Then set them in a sunny south

window and you will have the beauty

and fragrance of spring in about two

weeks. Flowering currant and flowering

or Japanese quince will blossom under

the same treatment. So will lilacs but

the blossoms will not be as large as

when blooming outdoors.



If you haven’t plenty of seed catalo s,

get plenty. A postal apiece will bring

them. One isn’t enough, nor two. You

will not want to buy all your seeds from

any one. While the good old sure-to-grow

stand—by’s will furnish the bulk of your

flowers, it is fun to try a novelty or two

each season. If they measure up to only

half the beauty of the wonderful catalog

plates we may feel well satisfied.



If you have no dirt stored in cellar or

shed for starting early plants, watch your

chance and scrape up some from the

south side of barn or out-building, some

sunny day. It may not be good garden

dirt. lightened with sand, as is best, but

it will be better than none. Lobelia, as-

ters, pansies, snap—dragons, cosmos and

nicotianas should be sown thinly in boxes

in April. Set them in the kitchen win—

dows where they will get the steam of

wash boiler and tea kettle. They are

humble aristocracy, thankful for the

fresh, damp air of a kitchen.



See if you can’t make the geraniums,

rose-geraniums, flowering begonias and

impatiens yield bigger returns in beauty

and brightness this summer than they

usually do, stilted up on long-legged plant

stands on the porch. The impatiens is

the brittle. pale green, water-loving plant





that bears us such quantities of little

round, rosy blossoms. Slip all of these,

at once, taking the slips from the tops.

The old plants will be all the larger and

handsomer for this beheading in a few

weeks. Put the slips into sand or sandy

soil in the sunshine and keep damp. They

will have plenty of roots before planting-

out time, the last of May.





Then, in the place you want to look

the prettiest—if it is not shady—dig out

the dirt 18 inches or two feet deep and

fill in with good garden or woods dirt,

making it nearly a third fine old manure.

Plant your rooted slips here, the tallest

growers at the back or in the middle, ac-

cord-ing as your bed is long or round.

Firm the earth hard around the roots.

\Vith such food and room to grow, how

they will spread out and blossom! With

a few old plants to cut from, you can

have a bed or porch boxes that Would

cost ten dollars to fill at a florist’s.



Cultivate the earth in the bed lightly

about once a week until the plants cover

the ground. Flood with water after sun-

down if the ground dries out and do not

water again until the ground looks really

dry. Constant dripping and sprinkling

is as bad for plants as constant lunching

is for children. IVater plants thoroughly

and quit for a week at least.





WHAT THE MENU TERMS MEAN.

No. 40.





 





 





 





BY MRS. ALTA L. LITTELL.





VERY woman who does her own

E cooking enjoys going away from

home for a meal. A trip to town

with a dinner in a hotel is a delight to

her, unless she is confronted, by a menu

card covered all over with terms which

she can not understand nor pronounce.

Probably her favorite dishes are there

disguised under some. strange name,‘ and

she fails to get what she would really

enjoy eating, because she does not under-

stand the terms on the card.





For example, so many dishes are con-

tain the term "au or aux.” Just remem-

ber that this only means “to or with."

As, “Au Gratin,” means any dish cov-

ered with buttered crumbs and browned

in the oven.



“Bisque” is a thick soup, usually thick-

ened with crumbs and a meat chopped

fine, cooked and pressed through a seive.





A “bombe” is an ice formed in a mold,

with the outside coating of one sort of

ice and the inside filling of another.



“Bouillon” is broth, either of some sort

of meat, fowl or tomato.



“Caviare” is salted and smoked stur-

geon‘s eggs.



“Entrees” are dishes made of meat or

vegetables, leftovers would be used at

home, and served between courses.



”Foie—gras” is the name given to fat

goose livers.



“F‘rancaise” means in French style and

“Italienne” in Italian style.



A compote is fruit cooked in such a Way

as to preserve the shape, while “mace-

doine" means a mixture of several fruits

or of several vegetables.



“Marrons” means chestnuts.



”Meringue," a mixture of sugar and

white of eggs beaten together.



“Mignon” means small.



“Noir” means black, and “cafe noir” is

simply black coffee.



“Parfait,” means perfect, so the dish

thus described should be delicious.



“Pate,” means a paste, and “puree,”

ingredients rubbed through a seive.



“a la Printaniere,” means with young

vegetables.



“Pie a la mode,” as described in some

restaurants, is simply a slice of pie with

a spoonful of ice cream on top.



A “ragout” is a dish of stewed meat or

fish in a rich gravy.



"Sabayon" is a custard flavored with

wine.



“Sorbet” is a frozen punch, or a fruit

ice to which a liquor has been added.



"Frappe” means half frozen. Thus





cider frappe is sweet cider half frozen

and served in punch glasses.



“Souffle” means anything

puffy.



“Franconia” potatoes are potatoes bak-

ed with roast.



French fried potatoes are potatoes cut

in eights lengthwise and fried in deep fat.



“Maitre d’Hotel butter” is butter

creamed and seasoned with lemon juice,

salt, pepper, and parsley.





light and





FLOWERS FOR BUSY WOMEN.





 





BY GERTRUDE K. LAMBERT.





Farm housekeepers are often heard to

say: “Oh, I love flowers, but I really

have no time to fuss with them,” or, “no

money to expend on them,” or, “the

chickens are sure to destroy them, if I

try to have flowers.” All of which are

very good excuses for barren, flowerless

yards and homes, but hardly sufficient as

reasons in every case.



Taking the first, “No time.” There are

the beautiful, hardy, flowering shrubs and

plants that require little care after being

set, to give abundant returns in growth

and bloom; the old-fashioned lilac, flow-

ering currant, snowball and honeysuckle,

or even wild shrubs from the woods.

\Vhat can be more beautiful than the





mild, white elder blossoms or clusters of





black berries which succeed the flowers.

]f I could have but one, I think I should

choose wild roses instead of tame ones.

Then there are the hardy perennials and

bulbs, that make such a fine display with

little care; columbine, phlox, pinks, gladi-

olus, dahlias, and a variety of lilies. A

bed of either, or all, will prove a last-

ing delight in return for very little care

and attention.



As for the money consideration, many

roots and plants will be gladly given

away by friends and neighbors, when

thinning their own overgrown garden

plats or lawns; while seedsL even the

best, are very inexpensive.



The chickens! That is a problem.

Small sticks driven down, near together,





or medium sized stones or pieces of brok- I





en crockery, set in the flower beds, will

sometimes serve to protect the plants

from the hens. Poultry netting is cheap,

when compared to the damage even a

small flock of hens will do if running at

large. There seems little more reason

for allowing alarge flock of poultry the

free run of the place, than for giving the

other farm stock, cows, horses, sheep and

hogs, the same privilege; and, really, the

latter will often be thought preferable,

when contemplating the havoc wrought

by the former in a garden. '



No place for flowers? Have a large

barrel sawed in two, midway between

the ends; paint each half red or green

and mount upon short posts; bore a few

holes in the bottom of each for drainage,

and fill with rich soil to the top. Now

sow to hardy annuals, petunias, portu-

lacas, nasturtiums or any of a long list,

will make a fine showing if well sprinkled

often.



Enclose a corner or strip of waste land

beside the fence or walk, with large

stones, shells, brick, or even boards set

on edge. Spade up the enclosed soil, add

a few wheelbarrow loads of well rotted

barn-yard soil if necessary, smooth and

sow seeds or set plants suited to the sit-

aution. This last is of more importance

than may appear. Many flowers thrive

best in the full glow of the sun; others

require shade.



Bricks set in the ground far enough to

stand firm, at an angle. of 45 degrees, and

overlapping each other one-half their

length, make an attractive border, espe-

cially if alternate red and cream bricks

are used.





 





COOK PORK UNTIL WHITE.





 





Cases of illness sometimes occur from

eating uncooked or insufficiently cooked

pork which is infested with a microscopic

parasite commonly known as trichi‘na or

flesh-worm, the scientific name being





 





 





‘4 ~ pea-41'"





 





i





4' magma-f '
« » "-c' *v»i‘«,»c.,t





 





 





   





APRIL 22, 3.91.1. ’





Ti-ichinelia spiraus. An average of one

or two per cent of the hogs slaughtered

in the United States are infested with

this parasite. When transmitted to hu-

man beings, trichinae may cause serious

illness, sometimes resulting in death. Out

of about 15,000 cases of trichinosis re-

corded in medical literature, most of

which occurred in Europe, 830 resulted

fatally.



No method of inspection has yet been

devised by which the presence or absence

of trichinae in pork can be determined

with certainty, and the government meat

inspection does not include inspection

for this parasite. All persons are ac-

cordingly warned by the United States

Department of Agriculture not to eat

pork, or sausage containing pork, wheth-

er or not it has been inspected by fed-

eral, state, or municipal authorities, until

after it has been properly cooked.



A temperature of about 160 degrees

Fahrenheit kills the parasite, therefore

pork when properly cooked may be eaten

without any danger of infection. Fresh

pork should be cooked until it becomes

white and is no longer red in color in all

portions of the piece, at the center as

well as near the surface. Dry salt pork,

pickled pork, and smoked pork previously

salted or pickled, providing the curing is

thorough, are practically safe so far as

trichinosis is concerned, but as the thor-

oughness of the curing is not always cer-

tain, such meat should also be cooked

before it is eaten.



A pamphlet giving information on the

subjectmay be obtained on application to

the Secretary of Agriculture, Washing-

ton, D. C.





SWEET PEAS.





 





BY RUTH RAYMOND.





In the year 1700 the first sweet peas

were sent to England from Sicily. This





vwas 32 years before Washington was

(born, when William III, of Orange, was





on the throne. These same sweet peas

that grew wild in Sicily were as sweet

as those of today, but differed in color.

being pink and white, very similar to the

standard pea we call “Painted Lady."

After the sweet peas were well established

in English gardens they were brought to

America. It is said that Thomas Jeffer-

son, the third president of the United

States, loved sweet peas dearly and cul-

tivated them in his gardens at Monticello.

Henry Eckford, of England, was the

originator of the Grandiilora type of

sweet pea and to him we owe much for

bringing these beautiful flowers to their

present perfection of bloom and coloring.



When the first bluebird appears plant

the sweet peas,” was grandmother’s rule,

and we find it a good rule to go by. Peas

will grow Within the Arctic zone and the

rough winds of March are their delight.



The roots grow deeper if they are

planted in cool weather so that the tops

develop slowly. This gives them power

to withstand dry weather in the hot sum-

mer months. If the soil is fertile the

roots will go down and gather moisture

all the way. It is useless to try to raise

them on a thin shallow soil, as soon as

the hot weather comes on they will turn

yellow and die.



Prepare the ground by deep spading,

then scoop out a trench four or five inches

deep. Sow the seeds in the trench and

cover with two inches of soil. Firm it

down well, and when the seeds come up

have the support all ready for their

dainty fingers to cling to.



When the plants have been above

ground about six weeks fill up the trench

with well rotted barnyard manure and

garden soil, equal parts. This will hold

the moisture they will need. Though

sweet peas delight in sunshine

should have a partial

blazing afternoon sun.



A morning sun bath is fine for them.

They do well on the east side of a build-

ing or wall.



Sweet peas grow from four to six feet

tall and wire netting, if attached to

strong posts so it will not weave about in

the wind, is the most satisfactory sup—

port. It is better to sow two rows of the

seed, one each side of the netting and

thus one side will shade the other and

the blooms will be more abundant. Keep

the seed pods off for when they begin to





shade from the





they »





,THB- MICHIGAN FARMER.





the country stores. One cap requires six

skelns.

and crochet very loosely, using a large

wooden hook. No. 11 is the proper size.

I could not find, in any of the shops vis—

ited, a. bone hook large enough.-—E. F. T.

(Thank you.—Ed.)





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





A tablespoonful of kerosene added to

cooked starch will prevent the starch

from sticking to the sad—irons when you

iron—Mrs. W. H.



Wash your white enamel sink with

kerosene then with soap and water and

see how easily the stains are removed

and how much cleaner it looks—Mrs.

W. II.



If you wish to save soap, use a handful

of salsoda in the dishwater.—I. 0.



When making a. skirt, fasten a hook

and eye in proper position at bottom of

placket hole and press down, this pre-

vents the opening from tearing deeper

which it is so liable to do.—H. P.



In polishingboots and shoes put dress-

ing on soles as well as uppers. You will

find them twice as durable and neater

apeparing.~—F‘. H.



Your shoe will not untie if you will

pull strings twice through top holes then

tie.——-F. H.



When popping corn instead of using a

small and slow corn popper, try using a

roaster. It can be placed on the top of

the range and shaken backward and for-

ward. If a roaster is not handy, use a

common dripping pan with a newspaper

pinned over the top with clothes pins.—

N. F. M.



In the morning when washing dishes

make a soapsuds in the pan before the

dishes are placed in, and wash the lamp

chimneys with a clean cloth. This saves

getting a separate pan and watch—N.



When ironing take an old carpet and

fold it up to about an inch in thickness

and stand on it. It is fine for those

whose feet get tired—B. M. C.



We girls living on the farm always use

charcoal to clean our teeth. Take live

coals and drop in cold water. When cold,

take out and let dry. Put through your

meat chopper, using the nut butter at-

tachment—B. M. C.





0U R LETTER BOX.





Three Cheers for Northern Michigan.





Editor of the Household Department:—

I have been very much interested in the

discussion regarding the college girl mar-

rying, and while I heartily endorse the

views of Mrs. J. W. Monroe and others,

I do not write to discuss that question,

but I do write to defend my home coun-

try, northeast Michigan.



I have lived in some of the best coun-

ties in southern Michigan but for eight-

een years I have lived in northern Mich-

igan, about 100 miles north of Bay City,

my father being a minister and I having

taught school throughout this north

country until my marriage with a farmer,

when we came here to start on a new

place, consequently, I think I am compe-

tent to write a truthful account of north—

east Michigan. As for the northwestern

part of the state I know nothing per-

sonally but have been told that the same

conditions exist there as here.



The country schools here are the best

in the state, as well as the best equipped-



You may travel for 200 miles and you

will not see a poor schoolhouse; fifteen

years ago they were all sided and painted

and $300 would not pay for the charts,

maps and globe contained in the first

school I taught in northern Michigan, and

in scores of others.



Now these schoolhouscs are being re-

placed by large modern buildings of ce-

ment and stone, many of them containing

two and three rooms and hiring from two

to three teachers, country schools at that,

we have three teachers in our home

school, and we pay our principal $800 per

year. Latin, as well as all the other

higher branches are taught. Deborah

tells us, “There are no churches, no Sun-

day schools,” here.





Every settlement has at least one

church, and the ministers of these





churches usually preach at one or two

schoolhouses, thus enabling everyone to

hear the gospel, and we also have Sunday





Use three strands as one thread ~





VF?"





Company





it’s the very nature of a soda

cracker to absorb moisture and





foreign odors.





That’s why the ordinary soda cracker

remained so long in obscurity.





The adventof Uneeda Biscuit and the moisture-

proof and odor-repelling package changed



all this—for Uneeda Biscuit, the perfect



soda cracker, keeps select company





—-its own.





To-day the goodness, the

freshness and body-build-





ing virtues of Uneeda

Biscuit are acclaimed

in tenement and

mansion.





Never Sold

in Bulk





 





 





 





 





 





Haven’t the money to buyl



You don’t need money.



Here is a wonderful opportunity.



The Panhandle of Texas needs set-

tlcrs.



It is the country along the Santa Fe,

in the northwestern part of Texas.



The land is level prairie. It is the

original residual sod—deep, rich and

fertile. For years it_furmshed the fin-

est pasture. Now it 15 too valuable for

range purposes. The owners are selling

it for general farming.



I want to tell you about the oppor-

tunities for settlers on these Panhandle

lands. (The Santa Fe has no land to

sell.)



I know one owner who will sell you

a farm for only $20 an acre. You

don’t have to pay a cent for two years.

After that you pay one-seventh each

year, with interest at 6 per cent from

date of purchase.



But you must live on and cultivate

the soil.



Have you ever heard of a proposition

like that?



Another proposition, at the same

rice, requires $2 an. acre down, the

Ealance in ten equal payments, with m-

terest at only 6 per cent.





 





 





Thesesrebuttwoofthemauyop-

portumties 0 en to real homeseekers 1n

the Panhand e.



Owners of these lands will not sell to

speculators. The land must go to ac-

tual settlers. The want to see the

country built up. hey want the crops

coming into their towns and the trade

of prosperous farmers who are owners

of the land they farm.





The Santa Fe, too, is anxious to see

the country developed. It wants to

haul the people and their goods and

products.



The country is in splendid condition

this spring. Nearly 3 inches of rain in

February. Everything ready for you.



Let me send you our folder, “The

Panhandle and South Plains.” It tells

all about this country—its soil, cli-

mate, rainfall, water supply and crops.

Let me put you in touch with the men

who own the land. Let me tell you

about the opportunity the Santa Fe

affords twice a month to go and see this

land at reduced rates.



Don’t wait. Make the break.



Write me to-night, if only a. postal.



You will be glad.



C. L. Sucnvns, Gen. Colonization 'Agt,

A T & S





_ . . . F. Ry.,

2213 Railway Exchange, Chicago.





 





 





HOME CANNING FOR PROFIT





 





form pods which are left on they will





Many dollars’ worth of fruit and vegetables go to waste on the farm that

stop blooming. M





could be made into a refit. my times the markets are n on some

articles. where if you ad one of our GAMING MACHINES you could on thew

articles and so then on a much higher market.





You realise Mr. Grower. that it. is not the we: that makes the large profits

but the middleman does, and you do the aid work. Why not. can your own f

Prod get u portion of this profit? Write us for full particulars.





THE (BANNERS SUPPLY 00., Wabash, ladlana.





schools, B. Y. P. U. and Christian En-

—_ deavor societies.

YARN FOR CAPS OR TOQUES. Here in the backwoods there are two

churches, organs in both, a hell on one to

call us to worship.





 





 





Germantown zephyr yarn is just as sat-





isfactory and quite as pretty in the cro-

cheted caps or toques, as the very “coarse

rope-like yarn" sold expressly for the





. purpose, and which is so hard to find in





All our school buildings have bells and

nearly all have free text-books.



From my kitchen window I can count

ten windmills, including our own. There





 





 





 





When you are Writing to Advertisers

please Mention the Michigan Farmer
480 as)





are many cream separators here, also

acetylene lights and automobiles, a tel-

ephone line passes through here and is

used by the farmers.



Lodges are plentiful from Bay City to

Cheboygan, the Gleaners and Grangers

are very strong in this part of the state,

besides many other lodges and church

societies.



We have rural free delivery from Bay

City to the Straits and books, magazines,

etc., are as plentiful as in the south. Our

own township library boasts of over 700

books, embracing histories of all coun-

tries, as well as late fiction and the class-

ics, and this place is only typical of oth-

ers. All townships may have libraries,

a certain township fund is set aside for

that purpose and cannot be used for any

other.



You must remember, Deborah, that our

good state laws are for we in the north





'as well as you more favored ones in the





south. Then, too, the state circulating

library is as free to we northern people

as to you in the south and there is no

one, however poor, who cannot afford to

pay the freight on one of these libraries.





If you will look on the map, you will

see that we have railroads, we also have

elevators and markets. Yes, markets for

our crops, for no more productive land

lies under God’s sunshine than lies in

northern Michigan.



I have seen this country change from

a lumbering country to a prosperous

farming country, and I know whereof I

speak. Every kind of fruit is raised here

that is raised in southern Michigan. Our

apples are the finest in the United States,

having taken the prize at the St. Louis

Exposition and again at the State Fair.

Last year our grain and cheese took first

prize at the State Fair.



Statistics are not interesting, but here

are a few facts concerning our crops

raised here last year:



Oats yielded 80 bu. per acre; corn 100 to

125 baskets per acre; potatoes from 200

to 300 bushels per acre; wheat from 35

to 40 bushels per acre.



This country is new, but conditions can

never be the same here as they were two

generations ago in southern Michigan,

because we have railroads at our door,

we do not have to wait for years for a

railroad, they are here before us, put in

by the lumbermen who lumbered this

country. We do not have to travel miles

to mill, or use oxen, we have horses and

all modern improvements.





New inventions are for us as well as

you. Let me tell you what we have done

here on this place in five years and you

may judge for yourself if the country is

fertile or not.



We came in here with three small chil-

dren, one team, one cow, and our two

hands, as capital. In that time we have

cleared 60 acres, fenced and cross-fenced

our 80 with woven wire, put up a wind

mill, have the upright to a. good house

on a cement wall, with a good cellar. We

have a fine young orchard growing, and

lumber on the ground for a barn. We

have 15 head of cattle, a nice flock of

sheep, chickens, pigs, etc. Our children

go comfortably clad and we have plenty

of good, nourishing food. I do not own a

silk dress but can be happy in a gingham

if I know that some day I can nave

better.



We are not college graduates but we

enjoy good reading, music, and the re-

finements of life, all of which we have in

our home.



I know college women even in northern

Michigan who are happy farmers’ wives.



Now, I hope someone will write from

northwestern Michigan. I have described

one-half of the elephant as it exists here.

——Mrs. F. J., Iosco County.





Women Are Readers.





Editor of the Household Department:—

Your editorial in a recent issue has

prompted me to say a word in defense of

our sex. Perhaps you intended to stir

us. I can’t think you mean to be taken

seriously. Possible, your allegation is

true of some women but not of the ones

with whome I mingle. So far as my ac-

quaintance with women goes, it is usu—

ally the wife who is better informed

than her husband, except it may be in

the matter of politics or sporting news.

As I recall those with whom I was asso-

ciated in my school days, they all, with

possibly one or two exceptions, are much

better informed on all subjects that make

for usefulness and culture than when they

left the schoolroom.



For those unfortunate ones who are as

"mum as a clam,” while their husbands

discourse learnedly on popular topics, I

would say, organize a club at once after

the advice given by Deborah in a former





THE MICHIGAN ' V'FAR‘MER.





editorial. A woman's society, if rightly





conducted, is certainly a great factor in

self— improvement, if it goes no farther.

I fancy I see‘ the woman who writes pa-

pers and leads discussions in the Grange

and Farmers' Clubs smiling when she

reads those assertions of our editor.

Even the missionary society, that much-

ridiculed organization, is educating and

elevating its members, aside from the

spiritual development which always

comes with sacrifice for the good of oth-

ers. The woman, today, who does not

know a zenana from a new kind of fancy

work, or a Boxer-uprising from a prize

fight, is very much' behind the times. The

workers in reform organizations have

found it necessary to understand some-

thing of state and federal government

and can tell not only who is governor of

their own states but of many other states

as well, and can tell you quite as intelli-

gently as can their husbands what is the

political situation in many places. In

some instances it is the wife who gleans

the most interesting items of current

news and discusses them with the fam-

ily. Such a woman, however, is not the

one who spends much time in making

“crazy” things simply to kill time. ‘





If there is one woman who reads these

words who can honestly place herself in

the class described by Deborah, I would

advise her to begin self-improvement at

once. Commence with the Michigan

Farmer, for instance. Read the woman’s

department, find out what is new and

correct in wearing apparel and house-

furnishing, try some new recipe, find out

how to prepare and serve a meal; then

turn to the page of Current Comment and

the \Veek’s Happenings, digest a few

thoughts each week; read the stories and

magazine articles aloud to the family, if

they care to listen; commit to memory

some little gem of poetry; try your wits

on the “Kinks,” and if that doesn’t

brighten you up and set you longing for

more, you are, indeed, one of those “do-

mestic animals."



I know one woman who had been read-

ing the discussion on reciprocity with

Canada in The Farmer, who was able to

help her daughter in a debate on that

subject. She came home almost in despair

because‘she had been chosen to speak for

it and “couldn’t think of a thing to say."

The mother remembered that she had

read extracts of one of President Taft’s

speeches and together they found points

for her side—and she won.





Some will make the objection that they

have so little time; but we always find

time for those things we most profoundly

desire to do. Keep a good magazine at

hand where it can be picked up for a few

minutes while waiting for the men folks

to come to meals, and other odd times;

pin the little selection you wish to mem-

orize over the worktable and you will be

surprised at results.



Try it, sister of the “torpid brain.”—

A. E. H. M.



Dishwashing Again.





Editor of the Household Department:—

In the letter box of a recent issue offlour

valuable paper, I found a letter from a

woman who can never get help that will

wash dishes in the right way. Even her

own girls of eight and twelve years, have

many of the slouchy ways the hired help

has.



I am somewhat of a crank on dishwash-

ing myself. But with children I think

the best way is for the mother to work

with them. She can wash and the child

wipe, and change about occasionally, in

that way the child will learn mother’s

ways and also will not get so tired and

hate the work so much. It takes quite

a long time for a child to wash only a

few dishes. Not that they are so slow or

lazy, but they don’t know just how to

go at them the easiest way. If only

mother helps, the “terror” of dishwash-

ing is done away with, and it is wonder-

ful how they will improve.



If there should be more than one little

helper, let one help one week and one the

next.—Mrs. H.



Disagrees with “Dangerous Economy.”





~.Editor Household Departmentz—I no-

ticed in the paper a short time ago an

article on “Dangerous Economy.” I

agree with the writer, that it is unwise

and dangerous to draw a cloth into a

leaky pail or pan, but I think it would be

really extravagant to throw away a new

piece of graniteware just because a little

enamel got chipped off. Few could afford

to throw such away. One might acci-

dentally drop a pan the first day they

bought it, and, of course, the enamel

would be very apt to chip off. I can

hardly believe that anyone, even though

they were rich, would throw it away im-





mediately and buy another. The writer

of “Dangerous Economy“ also stated that

cases of poisoning had been traced to

cooking foods in defective graniteware.

Now, do you really think it was the cook-

ing of the food in the defective granite-

ware or allowing the food to stand in it

after it was cooked? Cases of poisoning

from canned goods are usually caused by

opening the tin can and not removing the

contents immediately. And is it neces-

sary, now, to throw away your leaking

pans, kettles, galvanized wash tubs and

copper boilers when one can purchase

the soft metal rivets at most hardware

stores and very easily mend one’s own

household articles? I have used them for

sometime without ill effects, but would

like very much to have the opinion of

others on the subject—Mrs. R. A. W.





 





CHAPPED HANDS.



No woman likes to have her hands get

rough and red, yet in changeable weather

one doing housework will be particularly

fortunate if she wholly escapes them.

Frequent use of water in preparing veg-

etables and washing dishes, exposure.





' While moist, to the outside air as well as





other causes, contribute 'to a series of

“chaps” during the spring. Some skins

are more susceptible than others, and

those having a tendency to eczema will

be the greatest sufferers winter after

winter.



There are a number of things which

can be done to relieve such a condition.

The difficulty lies in taking the necessary

time to bother with them. It sounds so

complicated to read in the beauty columns

about gloves and emolients and washes

that the busy woman gets discouraged

from attempting anything of the kind.





AN INQUIRY.





Editor Household Department: —— Can

any of our readers tell me how to remove





ink spots from a white silk dress?——Mr

A. W. I





 





Each one of us is bound to make the

little circle in which he lives better and

happier. Each of us is bound to see that

out of that small circle the widest good

may flow. Each of us may have fi,xed in

his mind the thought that out of a single

household may flow influences that Shall

stimulate the whole commonwealth and

the whole civilized world—George Eliot.





MlCHleR—N FARMER PATTERNS.





 





These patterns may be obtained from

the Michigaln Farmer office at the price

named. Be sure and give pattern number

and size.





\\\\\\“\‘“





\\x‘\

‘ ‘ “\wx“





 





 





 





No. 4047—Ladies’ Shirt Waist. Seven

sizes, 32 to 44 inches bust measure. For

36 bust it requires 3%; yards 27 inches

wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5086—Ladies' Shirt Waist—Cut in

five sizes, 32 to 40 inches bust measure.

Size 36 requires 25/3 yards of 36-inch

goods. Price, 10 cents. ‘



No. 5338—Girls’ Box-coat.——Cut in sizes

4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years. Age eight re-

quires 1% yards 44 inches wide. Price,

10 cents.



No. 4971—Children’s One-piece Dress.—

Five sizes, 2 to 10 years. For six years

it requires 17/8 yards 36 inches wide.

Price, 10 cents.



No. 5351—Ladies’ Three-piece Skirt.—

Cut in six sizes, 22 to 32 inches waist

measure. Size 24 measures three yards

around lower edge and requires 3% yards

44 inches wide. Price, 10 cents.





or APRIL 22. "1911.





' COFFEE CON GESTION





Causes a Variety of Alla.





A happy old lady in Wisconsin says:

“During the time I was acoffee drinker





times lasting 2 or 3 days, totally unfitting

me for anything.



“To this a‘ifiiction was added, some

years ago, a trouble with my heart that

was very painful, accompanied by a

smothering sensation and faintness.



“Dyspepsia, also, came to make life

harder to bear. I took all sorts of patent

medicines but none of them helped me for

any length of time.



“The doctors frequently told me that

coffee was not good for me; but without

coffee I felt as if I had no breakfast. I

finally decided about 2 years ago to aban-

don the use of‘coffee entirely, and as I

had read a great deal about Postum I

concluded to try that for a breakfast

beverage.



“I liked the taste of it and was par-.

ticularly pleased to notice that it did

not ‘come up’ as coffee used to. The bad

spells with my heart grew less and less

frequent, and finally ceased altogether,

and I have not had an attack of sick

headache for more than a year. My di-

gestion is good, too, and I am thankful

that I am once more a healthy woman.

I know my wonderful restoration to

health came from quitting coffee and us-

ing Postum.” Name given by the Postum

00., Battle Crek, Mich.



“There’s a reason,” and it is this. Cof-

fee has a direct action on the liver with

some people, and causes partial conges-

tion of that organ preventing the natural

outlet of the secretions. Then may follow

biliousness, sallow skin, headaches, con-

stipation and finally a change of the blood

corpuscles and nervous prostration.



Read the little book, “The Road to

W'ellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”





Even; read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true.

and full of human interest.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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PRACTICAL COLONY HOUSES AND

BROOD COOPS. a





 





Colony houses for the young stock

should be of a size that will permit of

their being moved from place to place as

occasion requires, and so constructed that

they may be easily cleaned. At the same

time they must not be so small as to

crowd the chickens, nor so open as to

expose them to drafts or inclement weath-

er.. In my poultry work I have not ad-

hered strictly to any one size of house,

as most of them were constructed of odds

and ends that precluded the possibility of

making them uniform, but, in all, the

same general principles have been ob-

served. I make them as roomy as pos-

sible without making them too cumber-

some to be easily hauled about by one

stout horse. A house just large enough

to accommodate fifty chicks six weeks old

will be entirely too small for the flock in

two. months, hence it is necessary to

allow for the rapid increase in size of

chickens when building.



I have found fifty to be the most con-

venient number of chicks to keep in one

flock, and to accommodate them until fall

a house about-5x8 feet is required. Per—

haps this will seem entirely inadequate

to manypas the chickens must remain in

these small houses until ready to be

placed in the laying pens next fall; but

when it is taken into consideration that

practically the only time all of the chicks

are in the house is at night, and that

the houses are of the open—front pattern,

it will be seen that there is no over-

crowding. During rainy days a wide

canvas, stretched across the front of the

house, gives the chickens shelter and a

place to scratch.



A 5x8-foot house for young chickens

should be 4 feet high in front, 3 feet in

rear, and built on 4x4 runners 10 feet

long. The frames are best made of 2x4

pine scantiings, with iron braces at each

corner. This makes a strong, yet light,





 





\/





The bottom is made of matched boards.

In the front is placed a. window 21x26

inches in‘ size. This window is hinged'at

the top so it can be opened/when desired.

A. light frame, covered with inch-mesh

poultry netting, is made to fit inside the

window—opening. When the weather is

very warm, but too rainy for the chicks

to run out, the window is opened to allow

more fresh air, the netting keeping the

chicks from getting out. A door is placed

in the front of coop, near one end, for

feeding purposes and also to let the hen

out when desired. The roof consists of

one piece of tin with the edges turned

down at sides and ends to prevent the

water from entering, but any waterproof

material will answer the purpose. A few

small open spaces are left under the edge

of roof to provide ventilation.



If desired. a small run can also be pro-

vided. A frame 3 ft. wide, 2 ft. high, and

as long as desired, is made. To this is

tacked inch—mesh poultry netting. This

frame is placed in front of the coop so the

chicks may run out on the grass but at

the same time are prevented from stray-

ing. A roof of some waterproof material

can be placed over this run to keep the

grass dry so chicks may run out early

in the morning. In hot weather this roof

will provide shade for the chicks.





A coop and run constructed in this

manner will prove entirely satisfactory.

There will be no anxious moments when

sudden showers come up. Such a coop

can also be moved about as desired. If

the weather is very cold the coop may be

turned several times a day so it will face

the sun at all times, thus providing lots

of sunshine and warmth inside, insuring





natural, steady growth and healthy

chicks.

Indiana. 0. E. HACHMAN.





CHICKS DIE lN SHELLS.



A Grand Rapids reader reports his in-

cubator-hatched chicks having trouble in

getting out of the shells. It is impossible

to tell just what is the cause in any par—

ticular case Without a full knowledge of

all the conditions. In this case a hot-air





 





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Colony House with Entire Front Hinged for Convenience in Cleaning.





frame. Make the back and ends of 15-inch

matched pine and the front, except a

six-inch board at top and bottom, may

be of poultry netting. The most conven-

ient plan is to have the netting on a

hinged frame that may be raised to clean

the house. In the middle of the large

frame there should be a 2x3—foot door to

use at other times. The roof may be of

boards covered with prepared roofing or,

for lightness, a frame covered with wire

netting and then with 3-ply roofing. If

the latter is used the roof will need to be

secured by hooks.



Inside the house there should be noth-

ing but hover and perches, grit box and

drinking fountain. My plan is to place a

roomy hover in one corner, facing the

wall. When the chickens begin to desert

the hover and roost on top of it, perches

are provided, but the hover is not re-

moved untll all the chickens are using

the perches. In cool or inclement weath—

er a canvas curtain is dropped over the

open front. Grain is sometimes fed in

litter in the houses, but the dry—feed hop-

pers are kept outside under shelter.



Ohio. NAT S. GREEN.





 





Brood coops providing plenty of room

and light are necessary during the damp,

cold days of early spring. Even during

the summer, showers which come up sud-

denly give us no chance to get the young

chicks under shelter and they receive a

drenching which is likely to prove a ser-

ious setback. A good brood coop that

affords sufficient light allows us to keep

the chicks confined during the early part

of the day while the dew is on the grass

and at the same time gives a well lighted

place in which to feed them.



I have built several brood coops this

spring which answer the purpose admir-

ably. The length of the coop is 3 ft.,

height in front 2 ft., and 1% ft. at back.





1





machine was used and it is possible, even

probable, that an insufficient supply of

moisture was at the bottom of the trou-

ble. On the other hand, this trouble is

often ascribed to lack of vigor in the

breeding stock or improper handling of

the eggs before starting to hatch them,

the argument being that the germ has

not enough vitality to develop a strong

chick, and that a weak chick has little

chance of getting out of the shell unless

all other conditions are exceptionally fav-

orable. However, it is hardly probable

that weak or immature breeders are at

fault in this case, since it is not likely

that all eggs produced would prove to be

weak in germinating power. Why SO

many chicks die in the shell is a question

which has puzzled poultry raisers for

years, and much careful study has been

given the problem in recent years. As

the result of investigations the poultry

expert at the Oregon station holds that

the trouble is sometimes due to the eggs

becoming infected with bacteria which

attack the germ. As to the means of in-

fection he advances the theory that the

bacteria either come in contact with the

eggs before they enter the incubator or

that they exist in the machine and attack

the eggs during the process of incubation.

He therefore recommends fumigating or

disinfecting the incubator before starting

the hatch. Some go still farther and ad-

vise disinfecting the eggs before placing

in the incubator, and a well known east—

ern poultryman claims to have reduced

the percentage of weak chicks and pre-

vented the development of leg weakness

and white diarrhea after hatching by

dipping his eggs in a solution of 1 gill of

creolin to 81,5 quarts of Water. At any

rate, the thorough cleansing and disin-

fection of both incubators and breeders





 





 





has come to be regarded a. preventative

measure that should not be neglected.





’





«x - THE;MICHIGAN PARMER.‘





 





Loading carriers with aSphalt at Trinidad lake





Genasco





the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing





Consider Genasco from the three

vital standpoints:





1. What it does

2. What it costs

3. What it saves





l. Genasco watcrproofs your roof to

last._ Trinidad Lake Asphalt, used in

making Genasco, is Nature’s everlasting

waterproofer that has resisted the influ-

ences of weather—changes for centuries.

It carries into Genasco these same

weather—resisting qualities, and makes

it defy rain, snow, wind, sun, cold, and

heat; and it makes it permanently

waterproof.





2. Genasco costs about the same in

the beginning as the socalled “asphalt

composition” or the “special process"

roofings which would be wonderfully

good imitations of Genasco if they didn’t

crack, break, and go to pieces. But they

can’t stand the real test—the weather.

They haven’t the lasting life which nat-

ural asphalt gives.



Genasco is economical because it re—

sists and lasts.





3. The saving in Genasco Roofing

is plain.“ You do away with leaky roofs

and the expense of repairing them; you

prevent costly damage to rooms and fur-

niture, and you save the cost of re-rooi-

ing. Genasco first-cost is last-cost.





Get Genasco Roofing—either mineral

or smooth surface. Guaranteed, of

course.



The Kant-leak Kloet for roofing-seams pre-

vents_na|l-lcaks. does away with dauby cement.

and gives a fine finish to the roof.



Ask Your dealer for Genasco with Kant-leak





Kleets packed in the roll. \Vrite us for samples

and the Good Roof Guide Book.





The Barber Asphalt 5

Paving Company





Largest producer. of uphdt, and insect

manufacturers ofrudy routing in the would.





Philadelphia

New York San Francisco Chicago





 





 





Cmoo-oection Genasco Smooth-curls“ Roofing





Trinidad Lake Asohalt

"Asphalt-sammted Wool Felt

' Trinidad Lake ASDhZ-k





Salaam cnors





Saskatchewan (Western Canada)

800 Boshels From 20 Acres





 





 





 





 





 





 





. wheat. to the note.

Other grains in proportion. ‘





Large Profits





are thus derived from the

FREE HOMESTEAD





 

 





 

 

 

   





”o





   

 

 

 

 

 





LANDS of Western Canada.

0.13104" This excellent showing causes riceo

’1'0" toodvnnce. Land values should oublo

o. t} in two years' time.



”5 Grain growing, mixed taming

" o 1, cattle raising and dulrylng are all

O ‘ (d profitable. Free Homesteads of 160



=5” are to be had in the very best





 

 





. . acres

”a ‘ districts: 160-acro re-emptlone at



., , [3.00 racre with n certain areas.

:choofieand churches in every oct-

Jement. climate uncxcelled. coil

1 he richest: wood. water and [mild-

lng material plentiful.



For low Index-v railway rates and “lustro-

‘od pamphlet. ' '1‘“ Beat West. " Ind other in~

formation. write to Sup't of lmmig., Ottawa.

' Can” or Con. Gov’t m. (52)





M. V. McInnes

176 Jefferson Ave., Detroit. Mich.

C. A. Lauder. Marquette. Mich.





JUST SAY Rifdg§2“'i=i}$.l“3





 





 





 





 





 





(17)‘





481





NEW POULTRY BOOK





Oonkey's new bi , m-page illus«



trated guide for I36 inners, and

JuSt out reference for expelfienced poul-

trymen. Up-to-date housing methods, feeding. hatch-

ing. savlgg the chicks: how to prevent and treat.

disease. ickens. turkeys. ducks. geese. There's a

copy for you for the asking. Send name, also name of

nearest poultry supply dealer. and 4c (stnnips)for postage.



THE G. E. (DONKEY, COMPANY



42 Commercial Bldg. (45) Cleveland. Ohio.





‘3 .55 Buy. Boo!

'5 140-Egglncubator





Double cases all over ;best copper

tank; nursery, self—regulating.

Best lio-chlck hot-water broodor,

.85. Both ordered t‘ogo‘tlze‘:i





 

   

 





at any price

are better. Sauefnctlon gander-

gmggd. Write for book ay

or send price now and save time.





I25 Egg Incubator s

and Broader “:2,





f ordered («me ther wesend :-

both for 10. Fret

' paid east of ockies. oi;

water. 00 per tanks. double walls,

double use doors. Free. catalog ..

describeothem. Send forit today. .





Wisconoln Incubator Co..

Box '20





 

 





 

   





 





 

 





   





 





   

   

   

   





 





BABY REDS—Standard Bred at. $15 per 100: $8 per 50:

$5 per 25. Show quality. rose or amgle

comb. eg 100 each. Other pens R. C. at $1.75 per%.

Show qua it; Red turke '5. eg a 50c each. My Reds are

guaranteed afers. Ba e arr val_ guaran ‘ Order‘

now of W. . FRENCH, Ludington, Michigan.





BUFF ORPINGTONS‘iatfléi—“init’éfiiéi $3



So. each. Eggs from 100 rize breeders 15c, '11 .. Fine



catalogue free. J. WIL ARD, Linden. Mic igzm.

of the famous





BARRED ROCK COCKEREI. B 1 .9 Ben





Strain. which has just won first prize at Chicago.

From $2 to $15. Lake Ridge Farm, Levering, Mich.





EGGS from pure Toulouse Geese. 10 for $1.75: Maui'-

moth Pekin Ducks, 11 for 812'). Mrs. Amy

Scuthworth, R. No. 13, Allen. Hillsdale Co., Mich.“





THOROUGHBRED S. 0. Brown Le horn and R. C'.

R. I. Reds. Eggs 31 r 1501' $5 per (1). From prize

winning stock.1Brumm ros.. R. No. 5,Nashville.l\lich.





S C BLACK MINORCA EGGS—Lay lar 0 white

0 0 e s and lots of them. $1 for 13: S3 or :30; S"

for 1(1). . A. BLACK, R. No. 6, Lakeview. Michigan.





—Rose or single comb cock-

Whfle I‘e horns erels. Iiosr‘ (‘omb eggs $1 to $3

per 15. Ray . Graham, R. 1“. D. No. 1. Flint. Mich.





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

B. P. Rocks. R. I. Reds. W. anndottcs and S. C. W.

Leghorn eg for sale, ldforr$1126 for $1.50: 50 for

$2.00. SELON C. LILLIE, Coopoi‘svillc. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





HOROUGHBRED S. 0. BROWN LEGHORN gs

‘ at $1.“) Fer 1.5 or $5.00 per 100. Stock all so d.

LEWIS T. O PENLANDER, H. No. 4. Lansing, Mich.





 





GGS: EGGS: EGGS—White dc Bull“ 0 ington.

White it Barred Rocks, Black & White inorcas,

White dz Bufl’ Leghorns. Rose tic Single Comb Beds‘

Houdans 6L White Crested Blk Polish. H. H. King. Willis, Mich.





EGGMAKERS fi;§?‘§h§‘p§r’ grill??? pfif§3°§§§é

per 100. WM. J. COOPER. Mt. Pleasant. Michigan.





 





 





E s—Light Brahma, White Wyandotte and Barred

3% Rocks. 31 a setting; $1.50 for two settings.

E. . BISHOP, Route 38. ake Odessa, Michigan.





 





—Kulps 242 egg strain, rize

"I O. Brown Leghflfns winners. farm range. sglect

eggs 311]) 15: $3.00 60. S. W. HENSEL. Basil, Ohio.





R c- a l om cookerals—Kulp st‘rain, the best

in. Banach. ”it w. WAITE. dggfiiiiefiififiigffig’





of quality. Eggs, first Pen headed 1) Red

' c' B. l' M: Wing. 82 per 15; Range 3| per l5; 1') per

100. Any qnanity. Elmer Mathewson, Nottawu. Michigan.





SILVER GOIililEig2 and WHITE WYANDOTT'ES.

Eggs $150 per 15; .50 r 30. A few White Roosters

left. circular free. 0. . Browning, Portland. Mich.





~Oockerels. Pullets d -



8- 0. If "I'om‘s lin hens for sale. anszygag

per setting of 15. R. W. ILLS, Saline, ichigan.

SINGLE Comb Brown Leghorno—One of Michigan's

largest. breeders of the Brown Beaut "a winning-





at the ending shows. Send for catalog wit rices and

photos of my birds. Box 324 1). Charles Ruff. St. air. Mich.





FOR SALE-ad Gland R. O. Rhodo Island

, Bed E(gvs. 15 for $1.00: 50 for



$2.75; 100 for $5. BLELL BR )5. Ann Arbor, Mich.

RS. FLORENCE HOWARD. Petershurg, Mich. Rose Comb





White Leghorn and White Rock eggs for hatching.

$250 per 50 eggs. Choice stuck. Satisfaction guaranteed.





WHITE WilliOOTTE8-335"lhiidu<3?§h'§.”i‘iis 3:33

pays. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor, Mich.

White Wyandotte ‘vi‘if‘ir‘iioi‘liiiif..‘r§§"°d?§o

per L’) or $5 per 100. “'ATE iBURY, Clarkston, Mich.

Wyckoii and Blanchard $3,333,: 8- .51.“;





raised. Trap nested. heavy winter layers. gs 100 $5,

50 $3. 15 $1. F. E. BOSTEDOR. Eaton Rapii s, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





DOG S.





 





TRAINED foxhounds and bound pups for hunting

fox and ccons. Also collies. nolose

2-cent stamp. W. E. LECKY. Bolmesville, Ohio.





0U WRITE W. J. ROSS. Rochester, Michigan,

for those beautiful sable and white Collie Puppies.





 





 





when writing to our Advertisers.





1





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





M U





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





1





u





a - =3 g: a





 





of the finest breeding, and from stock workers.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





V- E §





 





Sections, Foundation, Bee Veils, Smokers. A complete line of supplies for bee keepers. read!





for immediate shipment. Hmtection Hives, 40-poge catalog, free.

A. G. W





OODMAN CO.





 

 





We can save you





Bee Supplies and Berry Baskets.

Hives. Sections. cm Foundation, Smokers, etc. Berry Baskets'& cram.





freight expense. and make prom t shipments.

Send for catalog. Will quote low prices on large quantItim.





M. II. HUNT 8 SON, 110 Condit St.. Lansing, Mich.





Boe- an Wentc .

Grand Rapids, Mich.
./ seas.





I





482 (1.”





”WWW





L MARKETS _





“WWW—MAJ

DETROIT 'WHOLESALE MARKETS.





April 19, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.



Wheat.———There was a bulge in wheat

quotations the past week, No. 2 red

reaching 89c on Saturday. The bears

have taken hold since that day and re-

duced the figures to the level of a week

ago. Crop reports are favorable in nearly

all seed-growing sections of the country,

while the crop in India and Argentine is

small, news indicates an easy feeling in

the markets of both countries. Liverpool

continues to be a bullish element, as the

continental markets are getting an un-

usually large proportion of the world’s

shipments. The visible supply decreased

over one and one-half million bushels

during the week. One year ago the price

for No. 2 red wheat was $1.05 per bu. The

quotations for the week are:





 





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May. July.

Thursday ...... 87% .8594 .8814 .87

Friday ....... .

Saturday ...... 89 .8714 .8954, .88

Monday ....... 88 .8614 88% .8714

Tuesday ....... 87 .8514 87% .87

Wednesday . . . .87 .85174 87% .87





Corn.——V\'hi1e wheat prices fluctuated,

the quotations for corn have gradually

advanced and taken a higher position in

the market. Local trade is firm. Re-

ceipts are small' and the,.demand active.

The visible supply 'showed a million bush-

el decrease. One year ago the price for





No. 3 corn was 59c per bu. Quotations

for the week are: g

No. 3 No. 3

Corn. Yellow.

Thursday 491/2 511/a

Friday .............. .. ..

Saturday .............. . . . 50 52

Monday . ................ . 50 52

Tuesday .................. 501/2 521/z

Wednesday » . ............. 51 53





Oats.—1n spite of the liberal advance of

last week oats have continued on the up

grade since, they now being about 30

higher than two weeks ago. The market

is quiet and steady, the visible supply

showing a liberal decrease. The price

one year ago for standard oats was 44c





per bu. Quotations for the past week

are:

Standard No. 3

White.

Thursday . ................ 36 351/2

Friday ................... . . . . .

Saturday ................. 36% 36%

Monday .................. 363/4 361/,

Tuesday .................. 361/2 361/1,

\Vednesday ............... 36 bé 361/;





Beans.-—There has been a nominal de-

cline in bean prices the past week. A few

bids for future beans have been made,

but holders are not inclined to sell at the

figures offered. October deals were ad-

vanced 25c, now being quoted at $1.75.

Nominal quotations for the past week





are:



Cash. May.

Thursday ...... ............$1.96 $1.98

Friday ..... . ....... '.

Saturday ..... 1.95 1.97

Monday . ....... ...... .. 1.95 1.97

Tuesday ........... 1.95 ‘ 1.97

\Vednesday ............... . 1.95 1.97





Clover Seed.——Prices remain unchanged

in this deal. Both for the common seeds

and alsike. The market is quiet and firm

at the figures. Quotations are as follows:





Prime. Alsike.

Thursday .................. $8. 75 $8.75

Friday ...................... 8.79 8. 45

Saturday ................... 8.3;: 8.75

Monday .................... 8.19 8.75

Tuesday .................... 8. it) 8.75

W'ednesday ................. 8.75 8.75





Rye.—The rye market continues steady

at 93c for N0. 1, which was the quota-

tion of last week. ‘



Timothy Seem-There is no change in

this deal. The market is active and firm

at $5.25 per bu. A record price was

made in Toledo on Tuesday when the

quotation advanced to $5.75 per bu.





Visible Supply of Grains.





:





This week. Last wee(l)<(i

\Vh at . . . . . ........ 30,993,000 32,580,0

Cor: . ..... . ........ 9,258,000 10,259,000

Oats ........ . ...... 11,974,000 12,375,000

Rye ..... . . . . ....... 106,000 98,000

Barley ............. 1,503,000 1,544,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc. .

Flour.—Market continues slow With



clear and straight a little advanced. Quo—



tations are:





Clear ...... . ..... . ......... . . . . ....... $4.112

Straight .............................. 2.90

Patent Michigan .................... 4.90





r i arv Patent .....................

‘0 Emily and Straw.—Values are unchanged.

Quotations on baled hay in car lots fr. 0.

b. Detroit are: No. 1 timothy, $16..»0Cd/

17; No. 2 timothy, $15.50@16; clover, mix-

ed. $15; rye straw, $7@7.50; wheat and

cat straw, $6@6.50 per ton.



Feed—Prices are steady with a week

ago. Carlot prices on track are: Bran,

$27 per ton; coarse middlings, $26; fine

middlings, $28; cracked corn, $22: coarse

corn meal, $22; corn and cat chop, $20

per ton.



Potatoes.——The advance of last week

has been lost. All over the country a

weaker tone prevails. l-ieavy receipts of

old tubers and the arrival of new stock

from Florida and Bermuda have beared

the market. Demand good. in car lots

Michigan potatoes are selling at 450 per

bushel..





Provislons.——Family pork, $196520: mess

pork, $17; medium clear, $16frixl7.50,





. hams, 13@14c: briskets, 91/26010c;

glrrogillggrs, 110; picnic hams, 91/20: bacon,

14%@141,§c; pure1 lain, in tierces, 9c; ket-

red lar , c.

ueHlipsrelsif—No. 1 cured, 10c; No. 1 green,

8c; No. 1 cured bulls, 8%c; No. 1 green

bulls, 7c; No. 1 cured veal kip, 11c, No.

1 green veal kip, 100; No. 1 cured mur-





‘ THE MicniogAN 'FARMER.





THE LIVE. SVTOCKu-MARKETS.





rain, 9c: No. 1 green 'rnurrain, 8c; N3. 1 '





cured calf, 150'; No. 1 green.ca.lf, 13560;

No. 2 kip and calf, 1%0 off; No. 2 hides

1c off; No. 1 horsehides, $3.75; No. 2

horsehides, $2.75; sheepskins, depending

on wool, 500@$1.50.



Dairy and Poultry Products.,



Button—There exists a good demand

for butter and the market is satisfactory

to dealers and consumers. Prices are

steady and firm. Quotations are: Extra

creamery, 21c; firsts, do., 19c; dairy, '16c;

packing stock, 13%c per lb.



Eggs.——The egg deal is settling back

into a normal condition after the Easter

excitement and the advance noted last

week is lost. The quotation now is 151760

per dozen for current receipts, cases in-

cluded.



Poultry.——Market quiet and steady with

live chicken values a little lower. Quo-

tations: Dressed—Turkeys, 16@20c;

chickens,’16@17c; hens, 16@17c; ducks,

1769180; geese, 12@14c per lb. Live——

Spring chickens, 15@16c; hens, 15@16c;

old roosters, 10c; turkeys, 15@18c; geese,

12(0113c; ducks, 15@16c per lb.



Cheese.—Michigan, old, 15@160; Mich-

igan, late, 13@14c. York state, old, 16c:

do. late made, 14c; limburger, early, 14@

150; Swiss domestic block, 16@18c; cream

brick, 15@16c.



. Vea|.——Market easier.

7c per 1b.

Fruits and Vegetables.



Cranberries—Higher. Quoted at $4.75

per bu.



Cabbage.#Selling at $1.75@2 per‘crate.



Onions.—Higher. Quoted at $1.75@2 per

bushel. .



Apples.——The demand is active at ad-

vanced prices. Baldwins, $6.50@7; Steel

reds, $6.50@7; ordinary grades, $4.50@5

per bbl. Western apples, $2.75@3 per box.





OTHER MARKETS.





Fancy, 8c; choice





 





Grand Rapids.





The potato market has recovered its

strength and prices are fully 5c better

than a week ago, the buying prices at

loading stations ranging from 35@400.

There is a good movement of potatoes and

prospects indicate a firm or-higher mar-

ket. Eggs continue firm, dealers paying

the country shippers 15c, or 1,50 higher

than a week ago. The butter market is

steady, dairy quoted at 19c and cream-

ery at 201/20. Wheat has advanced to 84c

for No. 2 red.



Chicago.



Wheat—No. 2 red, 90@91c; May, 88950;

July, 86c per bu.



Corn—No. 2, 49%@50%c; May, 493/30;

July, 5015c per bu



33%@34c;





Oats.—~No. 2 white,

311/30; July, 311/2c.



Barley.—-Ma1ting grades, 90c@$1.10 per

bu: feeding, 7061850



But-ter.-—The tone of this market con-

tinues to show improvement. Receipts

are running about even with those for

this season a year ago. Dealers are

showing more interest and the market is

comparatively firm at the prices which

have ruled for several weeks past. Quo-

tations are: Creameries, 14@21c; dairies,

extra, 180. ' .



Eggs—Receipts are running ahead of

trade requirements, despite the fact that

business is active. Prices are 1/zc lower

than -at this time last week, and a feeling

of weakness developed with the close of

the Lenten period. Quotations are:

Prime firsts, 15c; firsts, 141,50; at mark,

cases included, 13@13%c per dozen. .



Potatoes—“'ith last week’s receipts

showing a gain over the previous week,

and running nearly 125 cars above those

for the same week last year, prices natu-

rally declined, a loss of 7c being recorded.

Offerings continue liberal but the market

is reported firm with outside figures rul-

ing this week. Choice to fancy are quot-

ed at 56@580 per bu; fair to good, 53@55c.



Beans—Pea beans are holding the re-

cent advance, while red kidneys are high-

er this week. Choice hand—plcked beans

quoted at $2.05@2.10 per bu; prime, $1.85

@195; red kidneys, $2.90@3.20 per bu.



Hay and Straw—Market firm, last

week’s advanced values being well

maintained. Quotations are: Choice

timothy, $20@21; No. 1 timothy, $18.50@

19.50; No. 2 do. and No. 1 mixed, $16@

17.50; No. 3 do. and No. 2 mixed, $10@15;

rye straw, $7608; oat straw, $6@6.50;

wheat straw, $5@6 per ton.





May,





Boston.



“’ool.——The trade is largely in the con-

trol of buyers and while sellers are anx—

ions to realize as much as possible from

their stores, they do not hesitate to_ac-

cept reasonable bids. The transactions

of the week included liberal contracts for

fleeces, the demand for which, at present,

exceeds the call for territory grades.

Quotations for the leading domestic

grades are: Ohio

fieeces—Delaine washed, 30c; XX, 28@29c:

fine unmerchantable, 23@24c; .l/z-blood

combing. 26((027c; %-blood combing, 25@

26c; 1,4—blood combing, 24((17241/2c; delame

unwashed, 24(025c; fine unwashed, 19@

20c. Michigan, \V’isconsin and New York

fleeces—Fine unwashed, 20611210; delame





unwashed, 23((324c; 1/2-blood unwashed,

2562260 Kentucky, Indiana and Missouri





__-‘l/_,-blood, 25@26C; 1,4-b100d, 231/g@24c.





 





New York.



Butter. Market is higher and firm.

Creamery specials are quoted at 22c,

extras, 21c. .



Eggs—Market is eaSier and a shade

lower. Fresh gathered extras, 173/4@183./,c;

firsts, 1661116150; secogydsa/fifpisl/zc; stor-

a acked, firsts, 17 , 4c. .

ggoIIJiltry.e—Live, dull and lower. Roasting

chickens, 13@131/_;c; fowls, 151/2@16c; tur—

keys, 13c per lb. Dressed. easy.——Fowls,

141/J@161/gc; turkeys, 15@20c.



Elgln. b



Butter—Market firm at 210 per 1t"

which is the quotation of last week. On -

put for the week, 516,000 lbs., as com-

pared with 503,600 lbs. for the previous





week.





 





and Pennsylvania.





 





' Buffalo.

April 17, 1911.

(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 167 cars; hogs, 14,400; sheep and

lambs, 18,000; calves, 3,000.



With 150 loads of fresh cattle on sale

here today and 17 cars of cattle left over

from last week, we quote all cattle from

1,200 lbs. up fully 15c per cwt. lower than

last week, and all other grades from 10@

150 per cwt. lower.



We quote: Best 1,350 to 1,500-lb. steers

$6.25@6.40; good prime 1,200 to 1,300-lb.

do., $5.85@6.15; best 1,100 .to 1,200-lb.

shipping steers, $5.50@5.90; medium

butcher steers, 1,000 to 1,100 lbs., $5.15@

5.50; light butcher steers, $4.50@5; best

fat cows, $4.35@5; fair to good do., $3.40

((04.15; common to medium do., $3@3.50;

trimmers, -$2.50@3; best fat heifers, $5.25

@575; good do., $4.60@5; fair to good do.,

$4@4.50; stock heifers, $4.25@4.50; best

feeding steers, dehorned, $5@5.25; medi-

um to good feeding steers, $4.75@5; stock-

ers, all grades, $4.25@4.50; best bulls, $5

@525; bologna bulls, $4@4.65; stock bulls,

fair to good, $3.50@4; best milkers and

springers, $50@60; good to best do., $35@

45; common to good do., $25@35.



The hog market opened generally 15@

20c higher on all the mixed grades and

York weights, and 10@15c higher on pigs.

The heavier grades sold generally from

10@2OC higher. The bulk of the good

quality mixed grades and York weights

sold for 70 per pound, with some of the

heavier mixed around $6.85@6.95. Heavy

hogs from $6.50@6.75. Pigs mostly at 7c

per pound. Roughs, $5.65@5.75; stags,

$4.25@5. Market ruled fairly active at

the prices; hogs are well cleaned up;

market closing steady at the opening

prices.



Lamb market opened active today; most

of the choice handy clipped lambs selling

at $5.75@5.85; wool lambs, $6.75@6.90; one

or two loads choice, 70; heavy wools, 6c;

few at $6.25. Look for steady prices the

balance of the week unless 'receipts should

be heavy. Majority of receipts now clip-

ped lambs; wool lambs should all be mar-

keted‘ this week. Sheep market was dull

today; most of the choice ewes selling at

$3.50@3.75; wethers, $4@4.25. Look for

about steady prices on sheep balance of

week.



We quote: Best handy clips, $5.75@

5.85; heavy clips, $4.90@5; bucks, $2.50@

3.25; best wool lambs, $6.75@6.90; heavy

do., $6@6.25; yearlings, $4.75@5; wethers,

$4604.25; ewes, $3.50@3.75; cull sheep, $1.50

@3; veals, choice to extra, $7.75@8; fair

to good do., $6@7; heavy calves, $4@5.





Chic 0.

619 April 17, 1911.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts today ...... 17,000 28,900 20,000

Same day last year..26,241 38,781 13,802

Receipts last week..48,472 120,978 74,651

Same week last year.49,086 88,778 60,541

The unusually small supply of cattle

today for a Monday made a better early

market, with desirable offerings selling

10@15c higher, but there was a smaller

demand than might have been expected.

After the most pressing orders were

filled the market became slow at no more

than steady prices. A big bunch of prime

weighty steers went for $6.65. Hogs were

in good demand this morning at 5@10c

higher than early prices, but dullness

prevailed towards noon. Sales ranged at

$5.90@6.65, compared with $5.85@6.75 a

week ago. Hogs received last week av-

eraged in weight 238 lbs., compared with

242 lbs. several weeks ago, 229 lbs. a year

ago and 211 lbs. two years ago. Stags

sold at 336106555, subject to 80 lbs.

dockage per head, while boars sold at

$2.50@3 and “governments” at $2.50@

5.25.. Pigs brought $6.30@6.55. Sheep and

lambs were in improved demand and av-

eraged a little higher for the best on

account of the moderate receipts for

Easter Monday. This followed last week’s

decline of 40((5600 in the market, due to

the poor demand. The sales included two

double-decks of feeding lambs at $5.50

for shipment to Michigan. Clipped flocks

Were salable as follows: Lambs, $4.50@

5.50; wethers, $3.65@4.30; ewes, $325674;

yearlings, $4.25@4.90. “Tooled lambs were

salable at $5606.15, and a consignment of

wooled yearlings brought $5.50. The ten-

dency is for sheep and lambs to come to

market on the slightest encouragement,

and increased supplies appear probable.

This is likely to force further declines.

Cattle should be marketed conservatively

for the near future and until conditions

change hogs that are matured had best

be shipped. Others should be kept back.

Cattle were in an extremely bad way

nearly all of last week, with decidedly

more furnished than the trade called for,

and prices suffered average reductions of

2563350. The better class of cattle have

weakened the most this spring, cheap

beef being largely wanted everywhere,

and cows and heifers have sold relatively

better than steers, while even bulls, cut-

ters and canners have sold much better

than might have been expected under

the circumstances. Beef steers sold last

week at $5785.75 for the commoner lots

and at $6.307b6.80 for the better class of

weighty shipping lots, with pretty good

lots of cattle going at 3361063625. Good

to prime yearlings sold at 5561065675, and

export steers found buyers at $5.65@6.15.

Cows and heifers on the butchering order

brought $360696, while cutters sold at

$3.10@3.50, canners at $235673 and bulls

at $3.90@5.75. The great activity that

was seen constantly in stockers and feed—

ers several weeks ago was lacking last

week, and the general run of the offerings

ruled still lower, but the best lots contin-

ued to sell at high figures, with no large

supplies. Stockers sold at $4@5.50 and

feeders at $5 to $5.85, while stock and

feeder heifers had a fair sale at $3.45@





sales ranging at





APRIL. 22, 19.11. 4‘





4.65. Calves Were offered in liberal num-

bers, the ’receipts coming largely errom

the dairy districts tributary to Chicago,

and prices looked low .. when compared

with those seen earlier in the spring,

$3@6.95 per 100 lbs.

Milkers and springers were in ample

supply and in only moderate demand at

$30@60 per head, the best demand being

for prime Holstein cows to ship east. The

great bulk of the beef steers sold during

the week at $5.65@6.40, and

shippers felt greatly disappointed in many

instances with the prices received. Re-

ports from the country are that grass is

good and that farmers are going to do a

good deal of grazing this spring and

summer.



Hogs had' their rallies at times last

week, fair to good advances taking place,

but the general trend of the ‘market con~

tinued downward, .and the lowest.prices

seen in two years were paid. Little that

was of an encouraging nature could be

discerned in the situation, and the only





hope for the market lies in curtailments-





in the offerings. This is difl‘lcult at a

time when the hogs are maturing so fast,

with many droves that have already

reached maximum weights. Furthermore,

these extremely heavy hogs are very bad

sellers, being neglected by eastern ship-

pers and selling at bottom figures. As is

always the case when light bacon hogs

and pigs are especially scarce, they are

in great demand and sell at top prices.





Monday is still the day of particularly





generous receipts, nearly 49,000 hogs ar-

riving on the opening day last week, and,

of course, such liberal offerings mean

sharp breaks in prices. It seems to be

the best policy for farmers who own hogs

that weigh as much 225 lbs. to get them

to market without unnecessary delay, al-

though no one can say ‘just what the

future will bring forth. On the other

hand, it would be folly to sacrifice heal-

thy pigs before reaching maturity.



Sheep and lambs were extremely bad

sellers last week, the restricted general

demand, such as is usually expected at

this season of the year, resulting in sharp

breaks in prices all along the line, as the

receipts were maintained on altogether

too generous a scale. An exception was

furnished in the demand for prime fat

light-weight lambs adapted for the Easter

trade, these having a good outlet at, a

good premium over other offerings, but

even these failed to bring what in other

years would have been regarded as fair

prices. The general market suffered re-

ductions of 5062650 per 100 lbs., the' bad

condition of the Buffalo and other east-

earn markets exerting a detrimental in-

fluence, while the Misouri river markets

were also badly overstocked. Prime clip-

ped lambs were much the best sellers,

and some Ohio flocks were received that

were forwarded from very near Buffalo,

the Chicago market being the higher of

the two markets. Both sheep and lambs

were apt to weigh heavily, and the lighter

lots were much the best sellers, as usual.

Only a small percentage of unshorn

flocks showed up, and they were dis-

criminated against by buyers.



Horses would have sold on the whole

more satisfactorily last week had the

receipts been held down to smaller num-

bers, and this is true not only of the

commoner grades, but also of medium to

pretty good animals. There is still a.

fairly active outlet for choice horses, as

well as for farm horses, but the general

trade is smaller than heretofore, and

country shippers should send in smaller

numbers. Farm horses are wanted at

$135 and upward, with prime breeding

mares salable up to $225@265, 'while good

1,200 to 1,500-lb. work horses go at $180@

210. Good drafters are selling at $215@

245 and high-grade heavy draftsrs at

$250@275 and occasionally higher. Driv-

ers are usually sold at $150@250. F.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.



A Kansas cattle feeder who marketed

recently four car loads of branded Wyo-

ming heifers at Kansas City figures that

his profits were nearly $5 per head. They

were fed out last winter, and this ship-

ment was the first out of 300 head, their

average weight being over 1,000 lbs., and

the price obtained $5.60 per 100 lbs. The

owner has made a great success in cattle

feeding for many years, The heifers

were fed a ration of ground corn, cobs

and all, cottonseed meal and alfalfa, the

whole making a very rich feed. The cat-

tle gained 300 lbs. per head.



Hogs are being marketed steadily from

most sections, now that they are matur-

ing rapidly, many swine having become

too heavy in weight to be good sellers.

Prices have been the lowest seen in a

period of two years, and there does not

seem to be much chance of a radical up-

turn so long as marketings are main-

tained at recent proportions. Of course,

the cheapness and abundance of corn has

allvalong been a powerful incentive to

making hogs heavy, and it may be some

time yet before this is changed.



Kentucky and Tennessee have the

largest “crops" of spring lambs ever

known, according to all accounts, and by

June there are expected to be liberal

marketings. Meanwhile the markets of

the country will be supplied with sheep

and lambs from middle western feeding

sections and by Colorado. Despite their

disappointment the past season in not

obtaining high prices for their fiocks, the

_demand for feeders is unabated, many

farmers wanting sheep and lambs for

summer grazing.



The Chicago market for milkers and

springers has not been very animated re—

cently, and» all that has kept the best

grade of Holstein cows from declining in

price was their scarcity. As for the com-

moner cows, slaughterers stood ready to

pay about as high prices as dairymen,

and'a good many have gone for cheap

beef. Owners of dairies and farmers gen-

erally are more particular than ever be-

fore in the grade of cows they buy.





country .
. fat cows,





THIS 13 THE rifle-r EDITION.





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right 111:) to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

. April 13, 1911.

Cattle.



Receipts, 1,478. Market 15@25c lower

than last Thursday.



We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $5.75@6; steers and heifers, 1,000

to 1,200, $5.25@5.50; steers and heifers,

800 to 1,000. $4.75@5; steers and heifers

that are fat, 500 to 700, $4.25@4.75; choice

$4.50@5; good fat cows, $4@

4.25; common cows, $3.25@3.75; canners,

$2.50@3; choice heavy bulls, $4.75@5; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $4.25@4.50; stock

bulls, $3.50@4; milkers, large, young, me-

dium age, $40@50; common milkers, $25

@35





Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 2 cows

av 1,010 at $4.35; to Newton B. Co. 2

steers av 840 at $5, 19 do av 1,002 at

$5.50, 2 cows av 985 at $4.50, 4 heifers av

717 at $5, 1 steer weighing 510 at $4.50;

to Regan 2 heifers av 500 at $4.75; to

Newton B. Co. 1 do weighing 740 at $4.50,

6 do av 791 at $5.25, 13 stockers av 524

at $4.75; to Heinrich 2 heifers av 740 at

$5, 12 steers av 866 at $5.40; to Newton

B. Co. 1 cow weighing 870 at $3.50, 21

steers av 1,002 at $5.40; to Breitenbeck

6 cows av 1,030 at $4.50; to Newton B.

Co. 1 steer weighing 950 at $5.50, 1 cow

weighing 940 at $3, 4 do av 832 at $4.25,

1 do weighing 1,040 at $4.25; to Sullivan

P. Co. 2 bulls av 2,030 at $4.75.



Spicer & R. sold Bresnahan 8 heifers

av 566 at $4.70, 2 do av 660 at $5, 1 cow

weighing 840 at $4, 1 heifer weighing 530

at $4.50, 4 do av 665 at $5.10, 1 cow weigh-

ing 830 at $3.25, 10 stockers av 648 at

$4.90; to Goose 6 cows av 1,026 at $4.25;

to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,300 at

$4.50, 1 do weighing 1,390 at $4.65, 1 do

weighing 1,900 at $4.90, 2 heifers av 465

at $4; to Sullivan P. Go. 2 cows av 915

at $3.50; to Joe Rattkowsky 3 do av 1,060

at $3.85, 3 butchers av 637 at $4.40, 3

cows av 847 at $4.20; to Newton B. Co.

17 steers av 853 at $5.40, 1 cow weighing

760 at $2.75, 1 do weighing 810 at $3, 20

steers av 923 at $5.60, 4 do av 760 at $5,

22 do av 1,009 at $5.60, 12 do av 950 at

$5.50, 2 cows av 1,140 at $4.50, 2 do av

925 at $3.50, 1 do weighing 730 at $2.50;

to Mich. B. Co. 20 steers av 1,124 at $6,

20 do av 1,034 at $5.90, 10 do av 730 at $5,

1 heifer weighing 1,430 at $5.90, 2 butchers

av 600 at $4.25; to Kamman B. Co. 1 steer

weighing 940 at $5.25, 6 do av 1,140 at

$5.60, 2 do av 1,090 at $5.35, 1 do weigh-

ing 800 at $4.75, 8 cows av 991 at $4, 1 do

weighing 860 at $3; to Kamman 4 cows

and bulls av 1,220 at $4.35, 12 steers and

heifers av 893 at $5.35.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 1 cow weighing 920 at $3.75, 1 cow

weighing 940 at $4.25, 1 bull weighing

1,490 at $4.65, 1 steer weighing 810 at

$5.25, 9 do av 1,046 at $5.75, 12 do av 746

at $5.25, 3 do av 923 at $5.25, 2 heifers av

530 at $4.50, 4 cows av 1,005 at $4, 3 do

av 933 at $3.50, 3 do av 880 at $4.25, 6

do av 1,141 at $4.75, 3 do av 870 at $3.50,

2 bulls-av 1,115 at $4.75, 9 steers av 886

at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av

1,035 at $4.50, 1 steer weighing 1,000 at

$5.25, 1 bull weighing 1,370 at $4.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 1 do weighing 1,830 at

$4.50; to Breitenbeck 9 butchers av 807

at $5.05; to Rattkowsky 3 cows av 970 at

$4.25; to Marx 11 steers av 1,003 at $5.55,

16 butchers av 745 at $5; to Newton E.

Co. 5 cows av 900 at $3.40. 1 do weighing

830 at $2.50; to Schuman 2 steers av 965

at $5.40; to Parker, ”W. & Co. 6 cows av

965 at $4.25, 2 do av 750 at $3.25; to Sulli-

van P. Co. 3 steers av 866 at $5.50: to

Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,920 at

$4.50, 3 cows av 1,030 at $3.75; to Sullivan

P. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,820 at $5; to

Gerish 19 steers av 1,070 at $5.80, 9 do av

970 at $5.60; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 cow

weighing 1,250 at $5.25, 3 do av 900 at

$4.50, 11 steers av 794 at $5.25. 6 cows av

908 at $4.25, 2 do av 890 at $3.25; to

Thompson Bros. 4 cows av 807 at $4, 9

steers av 777 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co. 1

bull weighing 1,820 at $5, 1 do weighing

1,580 at $4.60, 1 steer weighing 1,020 at

$5.75, 3 cows av 944 at $4.50; to Breiten-

beck 3 cows av 973 at $3.90; to Newton

B. Co. 4 do av 940 at $3.40; to Sullivan P.

Co. 6 butchers av 846 at $5.75, 4 cows av

970 at $4.40, 9 butchers av 805 at $4.85,

4 cows av 952 at $3.60, 5 butchers av 690

at $5, 3 do av 1,083 at $5.60, 7 steers av

994 at $5.80; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 cows

av 1,013 at $4, 1 bull weighing 1,780 at

$5, 3 steers av 907 at $5.25.



Haley & M. sold Rattkowsky 1 cow

weighing 1,000 at $3.50, 4 cows and bulls

av 905 at $4.45; to Lachalt 11 steers av

785 at $5.40, 4 do av 895 at $5.15; to Regan

1 heifer weighing 700 at $5; to Goose 7

cows at? 1,014 at $4.50; to Marx 2 do av

950 at $4.60, 5 steers av 768 at $5.35; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 26 do av 960 at

$5.55, 10 do av 682 at $5.25; to Heinrich

4 steers av 1,430 at $6.10, 4 do av 841 at

$5.50; to Starrs 4 do av 1,060 at $5.10; to

Schuman 9 do av 706 at $5.25.



Sandall sold Sullivan P. Co. 15 steers

av 844 at $5.40, 4 cows av 927 at $4, 4

butchers av 927 at $4.75, 2 canners av

765 at $2.50.



Stephens sold Mich. B. Co. 11 butchers

av 843 at $5. 6 cows av 850 at $4.25.



Lowenstein sold same 5 cows av 1.070

at $4.50.



Heeney sold Parker, W. & Co. 2 cows

av 830 at $3.25, 16 do av 997 at $4.25, 2

bulls av 1,200 at $4.50.



Johnson sold Hammond, S. & Co. 2





 





'.THE,’ SMIC‘rnGAN :FARMER. ,





steers av 870 at $5.35, 4 butchers av 695

at $5, 1 cow weighing 1,070 at $4, 1 bull

weighing 800 at- $4.50.



Veal Calves.





Receipts, 1,132; Market 50@750 lower

than on Wednesday or last week. Best

$7@‘7.25; others, $4.50@6.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co. 3-

av. 145 'at $7.75, 6 av 150 at $7.50, 3 av 100

at $6, 21 av 140 at $7.50; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 3 av 165 at $7.50, 6 av 150 at $7 75;

to Parker, W. & Co. 19 av 125 at $7.50,

25 av 140 at $7.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 13

av 90 at $5, 35 av 125 at $5.50, 16 av 135

at $7.50; to Mich. B. Co. 11 av 135 at

$7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 20 av 130 at

$7.25, 2 av 100 at $5, 31 av 135 at $7.25,

5 av 104 at 35.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 6 av

115 at $5, 24 av 135 at $7.25, 3 av 145 at

$7.50, 5 av 130 at $7.50; to Thompson Bros.

10 av 108 at $5.50, 34 av 135 at $7.



Haley & M. sold Sullivan P. Co. 11 av

125 at $7.



Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

7 av 125 at $6, 24 av 130 at $7.50; to

Goose 2 av 115 at $6.50, 9 av 140 at $7.50;

to Brent 7 av 125 at $6.25; to Breitenbeck

48 av 130 at $6.75; to Hammond, S. &

Co. ,21 av 145 at $7.50, 3 av 140 at $7.50,

8 av 145 at $7.75, 9 av 140 at $7.50.



Stephens sold Mich. B. Co. 6 av 135

at $7.50.



Sharpe sold same 13 av 145 at $8.



Kohler sold same 18 av 145 at $8.



Sandie & B. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

31 av 133 at $7.10. 12 av 110 at $5.



Johnson sold Brant 2 av 110 at $5, 13

av 130 at $7.25.



Eddy sold Goose 3 av 107 at $6, 11 av

130 at $7.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 4.545. Market 50c lower than



last Thursday; steady with Wednesday.





Best wool lambs, $6696.25; fair to good

wool lambs, 35.50626; light to common

lambs, $5615.50: clip lambs, $4.75@5.25;





culls and





fair to good sheep, $4624.50;

$6.50@





common, $3@3.50; spring lambs,





Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

127 lambs av 75 at $6.25; to Sullivan P.

Co. 33 do av 90 at $5.60, 9 sheep av 125

at $3.75, 12 do av 80 at $4.50, 11 lambs

av 90 at $5.50, 42 clip sheep av 75 at $4.50.

15 clip lambs av 70 at $5, 27 wool lambs

av 85 at $5.50: to Mich. E. Co. 125 do av

75 at $6.50; to Newton B. Co. 41 sheep

av 100 at $4.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 133

clip lambs av 78 at $5.25; to Mich. R. Co.

3 do av 100 at $5, 17 lambs av 67 at $6,



Adams sold Nagle P. Co. 25 clip lambs

av 85 at $5.25, 366 wool lambs av 78

at $6.25.



Spicer & R. sold Street 58 lambs av

70 at $6, 28 do av 85 at $5.75: to Ham-

mond. S. & Co. 2 sheep av 105 at $3.50,

25 lambs av 90 at $5.35.



Sandie & B. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

9 lambs av 95 at $5.75.



Hogs. »

Market steady to firm





Receipts, 4,366.

50c lower than





at Wednesday’s prices;

last week;



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.40@6.45; pigs, $6.50; light yorkers,

$6.40@6.45; heavy, $5.80@5.90; mixed, $6

@640.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 2,750 av 170 at $6.45, 825 av 200 at

$6.40, 120 av 225 at $6.35.



Haley & M. sold same 350 av 170 at

$6.45, 250 av 190 at $6.40, 150 av 190

at $6.35, 250 av 210 at $6.25.



Bishop, I3. & H. sold Parker, W. &

Co. 756 av 176 at $6.45.



Spicer & R. sold same 650 av 170 at

3.32, 355 av 190 at $6.40, 225 av 220 at



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 740

av 190 at $6.45.





 





Friday’s Market.

April 14, 1911.

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1,615; last week.

1,478. Market opened Friday with a light

run in all departments, but plenty for

the-demand, as the run on Thursday was

a record-breaker for this time of the

year, nearly 10,000 hogs arriving, break-

ing all previous records for April. Still

every head arriving was sold and busi-

ness for the week was over by noon Fri-

day. In the cattle department the trade

was dull at Thursday’s prices on all

grades.



Vl'e quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.75; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200,

$5.25@5.50; steers and heifers, 800 t

1,000, $4.75@5.25; steers and heifers that

are fat, 500 to 700, $4.50@5; choice fat

cows, $4.50@4.85; good do., $4@4.25; com-

mon cows, $3.50@4; canners, $250693;

choxce heavy bulls, $5; fair to good he-

logna bulls, $4.50@4.75; stock bulls, $3.25

((1375; milkers, large, young, medium

age, $40@50; common milkers, $25@35.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 2,032; last week,

1,132. The veal calf trade was dull at

Thursday’s closing prices, the best bring-

ing $7 per hundred. Never was so many

calves seen on the Detroit stock yards as

there were thisteek. Still all were sold.



e quo e: est grades, 6. a)"; h—

ers, $3.75@6.50. 3 75C, 0t





_ Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week, 3,975; last week,

4,545. _The run of sheep and lambs was

very light and the market held steady

With the opening on Thursday. Best

wool lambs, $6@6.25; fair to good do..

$5.75; light to common lambs, $5@5.25;

clipped lambs, $4.50@5.25; fair to good

sheep, $4@4.50; culls and common, $3

((113.75. .



Hogs.



Receipts this week, 9,591; last week,

4.366. The hog trade was 5c lower than

on Thursday, bulk of sales being at $6.40.

Packers were not looking for such heavy

receipts here this week and bought heav-

ily in the west early in the week, which

made them very bearish.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.40; pigs. $6.50; mixed, $6@6.40:

heavy, $6.10@6.30.





o This





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Young hogs made faster gains

corn meal and skim-milk than upon

shelled corn and skim-milk, but, sub-

tracting cost of grinding, there was little

to favor the meal, according to experi-

ments just completed at the Maryland

Experiment Station. It was also found

that pigs fed corn soaked for 24 hours

made both faster and cheaper gains than

the same fed dry or given freshly mixed

with water. Soft coal in unlimited quan—

tities seemed not to be hurtful to pigs

confined in pens, another experiment

showed.



A Chicago stock yards paper of late

date says: “A new set of conditions has

been established in the southwest. In-

stead of buying stock cattle in Texas,

as was their custom from the infancy of

their industry, many Kansas and Okla-

homa grass owners are going to Kansas

City for their stock cattle this spring,

so that a very large proportion of the

cattle reaching that market is going into

maturers' hands.”



Cattle, hogs and sheep are marketed

this year unusually heavy in their av-

erage weight, 'due to the unusual abund-

ance and cheapness of corn and other

feeds everywhere. Corn has been selling

in the country around 400 per bushel. and

oats for May delivery sell in the Chicago

market below 300. Meanwhile the popu-

lar demand centers on the fat light

weights of cattle, hogs and lambs.



Injunction proceedings have been start-

ed by thc sanitary district of Chicago

against sixteen firms doing business at

the stock yards to restrain them from

dumping refuse into “Bubbly Creek,”

thereby damaging the main channel of

the Chicago river and endangering the

health and lives of the public. The pack-

ing firms have been called before the en-

gineering committee.



Since the first of April all stations of

the Chicago post office have been closed

on Sundays, and all who desire delivery

of letters on that day place special de—

livery stamps on their letters. The sale

of these stamps has increased enormous-

ly, and the post office authorities have

had to greatly increase the force of

special delivery boys.~ In order to facili-

tate receipt of letters from live stock

feeders and shippers containing instruc-

tions regarding the sale of and remittance

of funds of Monday consignments, stock

yards firms are advising their country

patrons to mail letters early enough to

reach Chicago Saturday. The Chicago

postmaster has arranged for deliveries

to the firms in the Chicago Live Stock

Exchange building on Mondays an hour

earlier than heretofore, the carriers to

leave the stock yards post office at six

o'clock in the morning.



It is learned that the depleted condition

of the Texas cattle ranches is likely to

lead to the large importation of cattle

from Mexico to graze on the luxuriant

grass that has been developed by the

recent good rains.



“I'nless the lamb market makes some

goodly gains, we stand to lose around $1

per head on our feeding operations this

season," remarked F. P. Rudolph, the

widely known farmer and sheep feeder,

of Colorado, who marketed a consign-

ment of prime wooled lambs at Chicago

recently at $6.40, their average weight

being around 82 lbs. "Unless I miss my

guess, the farmer feeder of the eastern

states will not be the hungry buyer of

feeding lambs the coming fall that he was

last fall. However, it seems to me that

he needs about as much as we do the

valuable fertilization that the lambs

leave.”



. D. Sturgis. the well—known Stock

feeder of Michigan, marketed at Chicago

recently a consignment of 275 head of

shorn western fed lambs that averaged

81 lbs. at $6 per 100 lbs.. a most satisfac-





 





upon





tory figure. “These lambs were bought

at Chicago," remarked Mr. Sturgis.

“They showed a reasonable profit and





left about 80 loads of manure valued at

$1.00 per load. They cost $5.70 on the

Chicago market, averaging 56 lbs. Before

shipping the lambs weighed 85 lbs, hav—

ing sheared six pounds of wool. Thus,

they gained 35 lbs. on the four months'

feed. Shocked corn, shelled corn and

clover hay once a day for three months,

and then Shelled corn and clover buy the

balance of the feeding period, consisted

of their ration. They were fed in the

open with the exception of the last Six

weeks. when they were shut in. \Vcstcrn

wool brought 21c at Middlcburg recently

is the only sale I have heard of,

buyers being slow to take hold. There

are a good many western lambs back in

Michigan. The bulk are being shorn."





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.



“'heaL—Jl‘he condition of wheat on

April 1 in the state was 87, in the south-

ern counties 88, in the central counties

84, in the northern counties 88 and in the

upper peninsula 96.



The condition one year ago in the state

was 88, in the southern counties 82. in

the northern counties 97 and in the cen-

tral counties and upper peninsula .93.



The average depth of snow on March

15th in the state was 1.77, in the northern

counties 4.02 and in the upper peninsula.

11.98 inches, in the southern counties 0.10

and in the central counties 0.14 of an

inch.



On March 31st the average depth of

snow in the state was 1.74, in the south-

ern counties 1.08, in the central counties

2.16, in the northern counties 1.87 and in

the upper peninsula 4.95 inches. The

number of days protection to wheat by

snow in the state was 6. in the southern

and central counties 3. in the northern

counties 12 and in the upper peninsula. 24.



In answer to the question, “Has wheat

during March suffered injury from any

cause?” 245 corerspondents in the south-

ern counties answered “yes” and 133

“no,” in the central counties 138 an-

swered “yes” and 37 "no," in the north-

ern counties 96 answered “yes" and 68

“no" and in the upper peninsula 5 an-





(19)





483"





swered “yes"rand 29 “no.” The average

condition of wheat in the state, on April

1, for the past five years was 82 and the

average yield per acre for the same pe-

riod was 16 bushels; this shows the pres-

ent condition is five per cent above the

five year average_ and with favorable

weather during the balance of the season

this year’s yield should be considerably

above the normal. The total number of

bushels of wheat marketed by farmers

in March at 103 flouting mills is 127,492

and at 91 elevators and to grain dealers

126,843 or ac total of 254,335 bushels. Of

this amount 193,494 bushels were mar—

keted in the southern four tiers of coun-

ties, 49,168 in the central counties, and

11,673 in the northern counties and upper

peninsula.



The estimated total number of bushels

of wheat marketed in the eight months,

August-March, is 8,200,000 and the

amount of wheat yet remaining in the

possession of growars, after deducting

2,000,000 bushels used for seed and home

consumption is 5,000,000 bushels. Fifty-

seven mills, elevators and grain dealers

report no wheat marketed in March.



Rye—The average condition of rye is

90 in the state and northern counties, 91

in the southern counties. 88 in the cen-

tral counties, and 97 in the upper penin-

sula. One year ago the condition was 92

in the state, 89 in the southern counties,

95 in the central counties, 98 in the north-

ern counties and 93 in the upper penin—

su a.



Meadows—The average condition of

meadows in the state is 86, in the south-

ern counties 83, in the central and north-

ern counties 88 and in the upper penin-

sula 95.



The condition one year ago was 92 in

the state, 90 in the southern counties, 94

in the central counties and upper penin-

sula and 93 in the northern counties.



Live Stock—The average condition of

horses and swine in the state is 96, cat-

tle 94 and sheep 95.



Fruit.—Fruit correspondents in all parts

of the state are mostly of the opinion

that fruit prospects at present are very

favorable for an abundant crop. The

following table shows the prospect for an

average crop of the various kinds of fruit

in the different sections of the state.





Sou. Cen. Nor. 'Up‘r



State Cos. Cos. Cos. Pen.

Apples ....... 88 88 92 9O 97

Pears ........ 88 88 86 88 93

Peaches ..... 85 85 84 84 96

I’lums ....... 86 86 85 89 100

Cherries ..... 90 90 88 94 96

Small fruit... 88 88 3 9.3 98



In regard to the question, “What per





cent of orchards are being spraycd'.” cor-

respondents report 32 pcr cent in the

state and southern counties, 3:: in the

northern counties. 29 in the central coun-

ties and 23 in the upper peninsula.





 





ADDITIONAL VETERINARY.





 





“'orms in Pigs—I have some pigs that

are troubled with worms and I wish you

would tell me what to give them. ‘1'. \V.

T., Remus, Mich. Open abscess with a

clean knife and wash it out daily with

one part coal-tar disinfectant and 20

parts water. For worms in hogs give

fluid extract of spigelia and fluid extract

of senna and the dose of each is 1,12 oz.

doses and it is good practice to give the

medicine every eight hours until the

bowels act freely. then the hog will be

pretty well rid of worms. If your pigs

are not matured treat them according to

weight, for the dose I have prescribed is

enough for a hog weighing 150 pounds or

more.



Arsenical Poisoning.——-One hundred and

fifty-eight of my sheep have been par-

tially poisoned on account of my hay be-

ing sprinkled with either strycbnine or

arsenic. l was at a loss to know what

was causing my sheep to sicken. but now

I am quite sure that someone had poison-

ed their food in above way. The sheep

seem to last from two to four days after

showing symptoms of sickness. Now, if

I am right in suspecting poison, can any

of them be saved? J. S. G., St. James.

Michfisln cases of poisoning by strych—

nine, tannic acid, or vegetables containing

should be freely administered, followed

by an emetic, or the stomach pump. The

tctanic spasms are best controlled by

chloral or bromide of potash; however,

i imagine it would be too late to use any

of these remedies. Toxic doses cause

trembling and twitching of the muscles,

lasting a minute or two, but, of course,

ihcsc spasms soon return and large doses

usually paralyze the cord, much the same

as a blow that would cause almost in-

stant death. Full medicinal doses of

arsenic, if long continued, cause oedema.

an itching of the eyelids, increased flow

of saliva, nausea, vomiting of mucus,

diarrhoea or dysentery, weak heart. sore-

ness over region of the stomach, an itchy

condition of the skin, with eruptions and

giving the skin a ycllow apeparance. In

toxic doses it causes two different sets

of symptoms, first producing an inflam—

mation of a mucus membrane of stomach

and an inflammation of the bowels with

shivering, rctching, vomiting, thirst,

straining, purging, with blood stools, vio—

lent colicy pains. weak heart, sometimes

bloody urine, followed by delirium, col-

lapse, coma and death, but in other forms

it produces greater nervousness and pro-

found coma as if an overdose of opium

had been given. In chronic arsenical

poisoning which is very common around

tin and copper smelting work, the symp-

toms are indigestion, thirst, wasting.

chronic disease of joints and bones, the

knee joints swell and'the animal goes

lame, is hide-bound, hair falls off, skin

gets scurfy, the teeth turn black and fall

out: besides, the bones usually become

diseased. Now, if your sheep show above

symptoms your suppositions are perhaps

well grounded. but I have a doubt. Try

and write down as many of their symp-

toms as you can and I shall try to make

a correct diagnosis.
' 484 (20>





 





A TREE.





BY Z. I. DAVIS.





A shade by day, a tent by night,

For pilgrims an abode.



It upward grew for man’s delight,

A green tree by the road.





Like bannerets, its glossy leaves

Toss gently to and fro;



Here joyful children garlands weave,

Where songs of Heaven flow.





Its branches, like strong arms, extend

The sunbeams to enfold,



Then with a playful, mild caress

Sift down the flakes of gold.





List to the message of the tree

That Speaks at sunset’s glow;



“God cares for you. He cares for me,

In Him we live and grow.”





The trees, though speaking, yet are

mute.

Come, plant them in the sod,

That they may yield abundant fruit

And help men think of God.





“JUST A FEW TREES.





 





BY CLIFFORD V. GREGORY.





Florence dropped her head upon the

desk of the little country schoolhouse and

cried. She was almost discouraged. She

had tried so hard, but the children just

wouldn’t take any interest in their stud-

ies. They frankly owned that they hated

school, and they stayed away on the

slightest pretext. And Florence had al-

most given up trying to find out where

the trouble lay. She had surely done all

she could to make it interesting for them.

She had always liked to go to school when

she was a little girl. She smiled through

her tears as she remembered the pretty

little white schoolhouse, nestled among

the trees and flowers.



Suddenly she sat up straight. Could

that be the reason? Mentally she com-

pared that cosy little schoolhouse with

this—dingy and desolate, standing in the

middle of a bare and cheerless yard.

Could she blame, the children for not lik-

ing it? For a long time she sat thinking;

then she started down the road toward

her boarding place, swinging her dinner

pail and humming a little tune.



That night she wrote a long letter to

her cousin who was attending the state

agricultural college. In a few days the

reply came, together with a good-sized

package of bulletins. She read the letter

several times and studied the bulletins

carefully. She went about the rest of

the week with such a happy, infectious

smile on her face, and her temper so un-

ruffled in spite of all provocations, that

the children wondered “what had got into

teacher” and almost forgot to be bad.



Florence boarded at the director’s, and

after supper Friday night she broached

the subject to him.



“I dunno,” he said slowly, “Teacher’s

has tried plantin' trees there ever since

the schoolhouse was first built, but they

allus diet.”



“It was because they didn’t do it

right,” persisted Florence. “You can’t

expect a tree to grow in a hole in the sod.

Now why can‘t we have a picnic some

day, and have everyone in the district

come. Someone, can bring a plow and

someone else a harrow, and everyone can

bring a tree or a bush or some flower

seed. “'0. can have a splendid tree, and

fix up the school grounds at the same

time.”



Mr. Potter smiled, but he could not re-

sist her enthusiasm. “'\\'aal, go ahead

and do what you can,” he said. “I’ll

bring a team and plow. \Vhen do ye

calkerlate to have the doin’s?”



“Next Friday. That’s Arbor Day, you

know. And say," she added coaxingly,

“Won’t you let me take old Ruth tomor-

row to go around and see some of the

folks about it?”



“I might as well say yes and be done

with it," laughed Mr. l’otter. “Ye’d talk

me into it sooner or later anyhow.”



Florence's enthusiasm was contagious,

and before night the whole district was

almost as heartily in favor of the plan

as she was herself—~that is, all except Jim

Graves, or “Old Man Graves,” as he was

usually called.



“Can't the children larn jest as well

without trees around the schoolhouse?”

he asked, Shifting his quid into the other

cheek. “I send my Johnnie to school to

study his books, and not to pick flowers

and play in the shade.”



“But you don’t understand, Mr.

GraveS,” said Florence, leaning toward

him. “If we make the school grounds a

beautiful place that the children will love,





THE MICHIGAN ‘ FARMER.





they will take so much more interest in

their lessons—”



"Pooh! Forty years ago I went to

school in a little log schoolhouse and sat

on a hard plank bench, and the teacher

put interest into us with a birch rod. We

didn’t larn many fol-de-rols, but we did

larn a dum sight more common sense,

if I dew say it.”



Florence looked around the dooryard,

filled with sticks, tin cans, and old ma-

chinery, and sighed. An argument for

the beautiful would evidently’have little

effect on Mr. Graves.



“But you’ll let Johnnie and Mary come,

won’t you?” she asked.



“Not much I won’t! Let them waste

a whole day monkeyin’ around that way?

Huh! They might a blamed sight better

stay home and plant taters. And what’s

more, the board won't allow you any pay

far that day if I can help it. Taxes is

high enough now, without payin’ teach—

ers fer havin’ picnics!”



But the picnic idea grew apace, not-

withstanding “Old Man Graves’ ” objec-

tions. Friday morning dawned clear and

warm. Before nine o’clock the people

began to arrive. The Baxters, big and

little, came in the big lumber wagon, with

a well filled lunch basket in front.



Mr. Potter brought his team and plow,

Jimmie Forman, one of the big boys of

the district, came with a harrow, and

several of the other boys brought spades

and hoes. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson had

no children in school, but they were very

much interested all the same, and their

buggy was so full of trees that it looked

like a forest on wheels.



Everybody brought something, from an

elderberry bush to a dried-apple pie, and

eVeryone was out for a good time. Even

old Mr. Brown, who was reported not to

have smiled for five years, cracked a dry

joke at which everyone laughed uproar-

iously, though there wasn’t really any-

thing very funny about it.



Mr. l‘otter set to work at once to plow





the yard. “I guess we might as well

plow it all up while we’re at it,” he re—

marked. “lt's nothin’ much but weeds





now, and we can smooth it off and sow

it to grass.”



“I thought of that, too,” chimed in

Grandpa Hodges. “I’ve got a bag of blue

grass seed in my buggy.”



Jimmie Forman followed the plow with

his harrow, and in a couple of hours they

had the ground all fine and level. In the

meantime the others had not been idle.

The men were setting new posts and fix-

ing up the dilapidated fence, while the

women and girls were rapidly transform-

ing the dirty interior of the little school-

house into at least a semblance of re-

spectability.



“Jest tie my team to the wagon, Tom-

my, so they can git a bite of hay,” said

Mr. Potter to one of the crowd of boys

who were trying their best to help, but

who only succeeded in getting in the way.

“Here, \Valter, help me stretch this string

across the yard,” he went on. They had

the string nearly stretched when Florence

came running out of the schoolhouse.



“\Vhat are you going to do with that?”

she demanded.



Mr. Potter looked up with an air of

puzzled surprise. “Why, plant trees by

it, of course,” he said.



“\Vhat plant them in rows, and right

in front of the schoolhouse, too?”



“M'hy not? I never heard of anyone

plantin’ trees any other way than in

rows. And shade’s just as good in front

as anywhere else, ain’t it?”



“But it isn’t just the shade we want.

\Ve want to make the whole yard look

like a picture. This front space ought

to be all left clear for a playground, and

the trees scattered around in groups at

the side and back.”



“Ho! Ho! Ho! How that would look!

People would say we didn’t know how to

plant a tree straight. I can plant a corn

field the straightest of any man in this

county, and I guess I ain’t goin’ to be

behind when it comes to plantin’ trees.”



“But we don’t want a corn field in the

school yard,” persisted Florence. “We

want it to look natural, and stiff and sol-

emn rows don’t look natural.”



Half a dozen others had gathered

around by this time, listening eagerly to

the discussion. The men were mostly of

the same opinion as Mr. Potter, but the

women and girls thought that whatever

“teacher” said must be right. The ar-

gument seemed likely to result in a dead—

lock, when Florence tactfully suggested

that it was time for dinner.



,The good things were soon spread on

the grass on the opposite side of the road,

and the hungry workers gathered around.



After dinner Florence ran into the

schoolhouse and came back with one of





her bulletins. ”Which is the prettiest?”

she asked, holding it in front' of Mr.

Potter.



There, on opposite pages, were two

pictures, one of a school yard filled with

trees standing in stiff, straight rows up

to the very door, the other having the

schoolhouse for the central figure, with

a large playground in front and the back

and sides filled with trees and shrubbery.

He studied them a moment and then

looked up at Florence with a comical ex-

pression of resignation on'his face.



“I might have known you’d have your

own way. somehow or other,” he said.

“Come on, boys, the schoolma’am’s the

boss for the rest of the day.”



Everybody worked with a will. Under

Florence’s direction clumps of trees were

set along the back and sides of the yard,

with bushes and flowering shrubs in be-

tween. Someone had brought a climbing

rose, which was planted beside the

schoolhouse door, and a space under one

of the windows was made into a flower

bed. Then the rest of the yard was sown

to grass seed, and the tired but happy

teacher dismissed her not less happy as-

sistants.



“It’s been the pleasantest day I’ve

spent in a long time,” said one worn

looking mother as she was leaving. “The

children make so much work that I don’t

get away from home very often.”



“VVe’ve had a bully time, teacher,”

said Tommy. “But I wish Johnnie

Graves could have been here. He had

to stay at home and plant taters all day.”



Florence turned abruptly back into the

schoolhouse. She could hardly keep from

crying again. It had been a great suc-

cess—all but this. How could a man be

so mean?



But Mr. Graves was not content with

keeping his children away from the pic-

nic, for he went to the next director’s

meeting, and, though Florence could never





APRIL 22. 1911.





find out what happened there, for Mr.

Potter was extremely reticent on the

subject, her next check was short $1.75.

She didn’t care so much for the money,

but this unmerited opposition was dis-

couraging, to say the least.



But in all other ways the rest of the

term was a grand success. There was no

more lack of interest, for the children

were as eager to go to school as their

parents were to have them, and they gave

the trees and flowers such painstaking

care that, as Annie Baxter said, "they

just couldn’t help but grow.” Johnnie

Graves was as interested as anyone, and

he came as near to being a model pupil

from that time on as it is possible for

a live twelve-year—old boy to be.



“There's so many things to learn about

them trees and flowers that a feller don’t

have time to be bad," he explained.



Eight years had passed, and Florence

was in a home of her own a good many

miles away, when she received an awk-

wardly tied bundle by mail one afternoon.

It was a picture of a neatly painted little

schoolhouse, nestled against a background

of spreading trees, and she looked at it

fully two minutes before she recognized

it as the scene of that Arbor Day picnic

so long before. Then she picked up a

little note that had fallen to the floor.



“Dere teacher,” it ran, “I ain’t much

on ritin’, but I want to say that I’m pow-

erful ’shamed of the way I acted about

fixin’ up the skool yard that time, and if

you’re ever out here again, won’t you

come up to our place to dinner? Here’s

a two-dollar bill to pay for that day I

cheated you out of. Yours respec. Jim

Graves.” .



“P. S.—You ott to see what a fine fel—

ler Johnnie’s growed up to be. He’s

workin’ here for me. till he earns money

to go to college. We’ve cleaned up the

old place till you wouldn’t hardly

know it.”





 





ONCE A MORMON.





By IRMA B. MATTHEWS.





 





Synopsis of Preceding Chapters.-—Pro-

moters of a new colony, claiming to be

ministers, enter a prosperous New York

state community and persuade a number

of farmers to sell their homes and join

them. Among the colonists thus secured

are Amos Brandon, his wife, his young

daughter, Elinor, his married daughter,

Myra, and her husband, James Baldwin.

Another married daughter, Rosetta, and

her husband refuse to join. The site

selected is on one of the Beaver islands,

in Lake Michigan, and the colonists are

transported there by boat. Just before

reaching their destination the chief pro-

moter reveals himself to be one James

Strang, leader and ruler of the Mormon

kingdom which he had established on

the island. l'nder the title of king he

claimed to rule in accordance with reve—

lations received direct from the Supreme

lseing. Strung absentcd himself from the

Island the first winter, during which the

colonists suffered severely, and on his

return sought to relieve them and at the

same time makes war on the Gentiles by

making public a so-called revelation that

it was lawful for his people to seize the

property of the Gentiles. He also pre-

scribed a certain mode of dress for the

women, at which Elinor rebelled, although

her father, who seemed completely under

the control of Strang, tried hard to en-

force obedience. During the first sum—

mer Strang decided to have himself

crowned king, and Elinor, in the com-

pany of her young admirer, Robert Stuart,

attended the coronation.





Robert and Elinor at last found seats

and looked around them. The building

was filling rapidly. Then began a rather

tedious wait, but at last the murmur

went through the crowd, “They are com~

ing.” Then all became silent as the pro-

cession entered the door and proceeded

to the front of the building. Here there

had been erected a large platform. First

came Strang. lie was dressed in a mag-

nificent robe of bright red and marched

with a slow measured step. Directly be—

hind him were the twelve elders and his

council, then the other elders and min-

isters, perhaps a hundred all told. It

was a very impressive scene. The cere-

monies on this day were conducted by

one George Adams, the man who stood

next to the king in authority. Adams

had been an actor, and he was just the

one to make the ceremony as imposing as

possible, At length he placed upon the

head of Strang a crown—a plain circlet

with a cluster of stars in front.



Elinor had watched with interest, but

as she saw that crown placed on the

king’s head her whole soul revolted at

the act and she turned pale. Her com-

panion noticed her and asked quickly:

“Are you ill?”



"Yes,” she answered, “sick at heart.

I wish we could get out of here.” But

that was impossible at the time, for the





 





crowd was too great to admit of trying

to force one’s way through it.



\\'hen the ceremonies were over, how-

ever, and the crowd surged once more

into the open air, the real festivities be-

gan. There was a. feast in which a cow,

roasted whole, was one of the principal

viands, and there were games and dancing

for the young people. Indeed, it was a

day of great rejoicing, but to Elinor, at

least, it was not one of happiness with-

out alloy. Someway she could not throw

off the feeling of oppression that had

taken possession of her when she had

seen that crown placed upon the head of

Strang.



Chapter V.



One afternoon not long after the cor-

onation of King James, as he was now

called, Elinor walked through the woods

to the other side of the island not far

from where a number of Gentiles lived.

Seating herself in a cosy little nook she

proceeded to make herself comfortable

and enjoy a book which had been loaned

to her.



It was a beautiful day of midsummer

and would have been exceedingly warm

had it not been for the breeze that blew

from the great lake, making it as perfect

as a day could well be. Elinor read for

some. time, then she was aroused by

voices near her. She peeped through the

bushes that secreted her from observa—

tion. Seeing two men she decided that

she did not care to meet them and kept

quiet. Their next words, however, start-

led her until she hardly repressed the

exclamation that arose to her lips.



“There must be some young cattle not

far away,” said one, “and we can easily

get one. It was rather thoughtful in

King James having that revelation about

its being lawful for us to take anything

we wish, providing it belongs to a Gen-

tile,” and he laughed brutally.



“Sure thing,” answered the other. "The

king doesn’t want the Gentiles here. They

are too interfering. They intended to

put a stop to the coronation and they

would if the king had not found it out in

time to spoil their little plans. Now they

must go, and this is but a beginning.”



“I’Vell, we better profit by it while we

can,” declared the other, “for they will

not be able to stand such warfare long."



The men moved on, but Elinor sat as

if turned to stone. It was really true,

then, that the king had given orders to

rob the Gentiles. Elinor was indignant,

but she knew that there was no use in
APRILJZ, 91911. I



a girl like her having anything to say,

for she would be silenced, even in her

own home. She knew'where she would

be listened to, however, and without giv-

ing a thought to what the consequences

might be to herself she hurried through

the woods toward the house of one of the

women she had so often met in the homes

of the sick and suffering during that aw-

ful winter.



Mrs. Brown was busy with her house-

hold duties and looked up in surprise a§

the girl entered. It was the first time

she had ever visited her home although

they had met so frequently.



“This is a surprise and a pleasure,"

she said with a smile. “Sit down, my

dear.”



Elinor accepted the proffered seat; in-

deed she was weak with excitement.



“Mrs. Brown, my visit today was not

planned and my errand is not a pleasant

one, but I feel I cannot keep silent and

see such an injustice done," and she re-

peated the conversation she had 'just



_ heard and also the words the king had

used when giving them this permission.



The face of the elder woman was grave.

“We had feared this,” she replied, “for

we knew someone was stealing from us



all the time and things have been getting

worse and Worse.”



“He intends to drive you all away," the

girl continued, “and he will do it. Mrs.

Brown," and her voice sank to a whisper,

“I cannot tell why, but I fear that man."



“There are others who share your feel-

ing, dear, many of them, although you

may not know it. They do not dare

voice their feeling as you have today,

and, believe me, you must do so no more.

I fully appreciate your kindness, but for

your own sake you must keep to yourself

what you hear hereafter."



“Do you mean that when I know a

crime is to be committed I must not

speak of it?”



“Yes, I mean just that. You can do

us no good by it and may work harm to

yourself that you know not of. I shall

never speak of what you have told me

today, but promise me you will tell this

to no one else and will not seek to inter-

fere again. Believe me, in a short time

you will thank me for telling you this."



“But,” answered Elinor, slowly, "if I

know and do not tell, it makes me as

bad as the one who commits the crime,

does it not?”



“In this instance, no," answered the

woman firmly, “and, my dear, try and

not know what is going on. Stay closely

at home and know as little as possible; it

is the only way for you."





Elinor was surprised but the words

sank deep into her mind and many were

the times she thought of them in the

weeks that followed, but she only an-

swered, as she arose slowly: “You may

be right, I dare say you are, but it is

hard for me, but I will think well of

what you have said. Now I must be go-

ing home or I shall be missed."



“Take the path through the woods;

take care no one sees‘you and do not

mention that you have been here. And,"

she added earnestly, "although I should

be glad to see you, do not come here

again. Good-by, dear, and may God

bless and keep you," and she kissed the

cheek of the young girl and let her go.





“It is just as we thought,” she mur—

mured as she watched her until the

foliage hid her from View, “but no good

would come to that child if they knew

she had told. Iphope she will heed my

warning, but I do not know. She is

high spirited. To think a father would

place such a daughter under the influ-

ence of that man!" and she turned back

into her home with a sigh. What were

they to do? It was evident it was war

to the end, and she realized that the

Mormons were the stronger, with recruits

coming in on every boat, and yet to leave

meant the loss of everything they had.

“How long, 0 Lord, how long," she

cried with pale lips.



That night her husband came home

with pale harrassed face. “Those Mor-

mon pirates took one of our best cows

today,” he said. “I found where they

had killed her and there seems to me

to be no redress. I do not know what we

are going to do.”



“We will have to leave here, Edwin,

and we had better do it while we can get

away with what we have. After awhile

we will not have enough left to get away



_with and then what can we do?”



“But that means to lose our home and



the hard work we have put into it.”





“I know that, and it is hard, but we

have our lives now and each other, at

least, and, Edwin, I do not believe that

man would stop at anything to carry his

point, not even at murder."





. ' THE: MICHIGAN FARMER. ' (21)





Mr. Brown glanced quickly at his wife.

He had thought of the same thing but

did not know such thoughts came to oth-

ers and had often chided himself for

thinking such things. Now he was grave.



“I am afraid you are right, wife, and I

believe I will begin preparations for leav-

ing, although it looks cowardly to leave

our friends to fight'the battle alone.”



“There will be no battle to fight, Ed-

win. Do not fear. That is not the Strang

policy; a fair fight is no part of what

he intends. A petty warfare, never

traceable, excepting by guesswork, per-

haps, is the method he will use to rid

the island of those who are undesirable

to him. A man who would have himself

crowned king in a republic will stoop to

anything.”



The Browns made their plans quickly

for leaving the island. Some tried to

persuade them not to do so, telling them

that the law would surely step in and aid

them; other§ declared that Strang would

not dare carry things much farther, be-

cause there were many good people in his

own settlement that would not stand for

it, and this was in part true, but what

the Gentiles did not know was that all

underhanded transactions were kept from

the good people. They were the ones

who stayed at home and attended to their

crops and knew but little of what was

going on among the elders and advisers

of the king. They would have been

greatly shocked had they known what

was being done and would not have be-

lieved it had they been told.



The Browns did not listen but sailed

away, and Elinor smiled when she heard

the news. “I am glad they are gone,”

she thought, but she also sighed for she

knew she had one less true friend on the

island and she was growing more and

more afraid of King James, for events

were now crowding thick and fast around

the little kingdom.



Chapter VI.



Elinor had said nothing at home about

the part she had taken in warning the

Brown’s that summer day. Her father,

she had seen with alarm, sided decidedly

with the Mormon king and she would

never have thought of worrying her

mother with anything of the kind. Even

Myra seemed changed to her, and so she

kept her own council.



That the stealing still went- on she

was certain from various little remarks

that she heard but she was taking the

advice of good Mrs. Brown and trying not

to know. She was therefore hardly pre-

pared for the announcement made before

her one evening. James and Myra had

walked over to spend the evening, and

James had remarked casually to her

father: “I think Bedford will think

twice before he meddies with the affairs

of the king again.”



“What do you mean?” asked Mr. Bran—

don with interest.



“Haven't you heard? I supposed ev—

eryone knew. Well, it seems that Mr.

McKinley, the trader who keeps the store

at the point, has been missing cattle and

other goods of late, and he thought some

one of the Mormons were taking them.

\‘i'ell, no one seems to know just what

has happened, but you know Bedford has

been working for him a great deal and it

seems he told him that the Mormons were

doing the stealing and that it was under

orders of the king and with his sanction

that they did it. The King in some Way

obtained information of the fact and he

had Bedford given seventy-five stripes

in public. It has probably been a lesson

to him, and a dear one.”



“Do you mean he had the man whip-

ped in public?”



“ExactlY. and most severely at that.

He said he was making an example of

him and hoped he would not have to

repeat the punishment.”



Elinor had risen, and her eyes flashed.

“How did the king know he was the one

that told?” she asked in evident excite-

ment.



“I do not know how he obtained the

information, but he had it and he never

makes mistakes. Besides, Bedford is not

considered a very good mormon. I un-

derstand he upholds his wife in not wear-

ing the dress the king prescribes, and, by

the way, Elinor, he is finding fault with

you on the same score."



“Is he, indeed? Well, I shall never

Wear it, and I honor Mr. Bedford: if he

did tell that the Mormons were stealing

those cattle he only told the truth, but I

suppose the truth must’not be spoken

in this place.”



“Better take care what you say, Elinor;

the king is not to be trifled with, I warn

you."



“Is he coward enough to have a girl





 





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*486 (22)

whipped in public because she dares tell

the truth?” asked Elinor, sarcastically.



“He would find a way to punish you,

never fear, if he thought you deserved

punishment.”



“Elinor talks like a spoiled child," de-

clared her father, “and, indeed, that is

about what she is. I have humored her

in her ideas, even allowing her to wear

her old clothes, hoping she would see the

wisdom of changing of her own accord,

but it seems I was mistaken in so trust-

ing her. But this much, Elinor, I will

not hear such language again as you

have used in speaking of our king. You

not only endanger yourself, but your

mother and I as well, by such behavior

and it is very unseemly. What does a

young girl like you know about such

things?”



“Surely, father, I know what stealing

is! I have been taught that from my

childhood. Do you now expect me to

undo that teaching?”



“You have also been taught to obey

your parents,” her ' father answered

sternly, ”and I now exact that obedienge.

If not for my sake, then for your moth-

er’s, who may also have to suffer, from

your conduct.”



Elinor looked at the appealing face of

her mother, for these dissensions hurt

her, and then again she seemed to hear

the Words spoken by her friend, Mrs.

Brown, and'she answered slowly: “Very

well, I will try and remember, but I can-





not help my thoughts, and wrong is

wrong, anyhow, father.”

But the whipping of Bedford had





caused quite a stir in the Mormon settle-

ment as well as among the Gentiles.

There was really no evidence against

Bedford, excepting the fact that McKin-

ley had accused the Mormons of stealing

his property and that Bedford worked for

him, but many thought that the king had

used the occasion to show his followers

what they might expect should they at—

tempt to evade his commands, and also

others thought that the king had been

angry because Bedford did not insist on

having his wife wear the prescribed cos-





tume of the Mormon women. “'hatever

had been the object, Bedford was angry

and declared he would have revenge,





while others who knew what was going

on among the Mormons did not dare

speak of it. Indeed, had his only idea

been to intimidate the people, the act

had been successful so far as his own

people were concerned, but the Gentiles

were very wroth over the.whole thing

and held indignation meetings.



Another thing that greatly excited their

wrath about this time was the edict 0f

the king that every fisherman must pay

into his treasury, annually, ten dollars

for the right to fish off the coast. He in-

formed the inhabitants that he had made

and intended to enforce this law. XVe

can imagine the feelings of American cit-

izens being told they must thus pay toll

to a king within the territory of the

United States. Some paid it rather than

have trouble, for they recognized the

fact that, for the time at least, the king

had the advantage and they were in

hopes that by so doing they would be

allowed to pursue their calling and make

their living in peace, but others declared

they would never pay one cent into the

treasury of king Strang. This led to

much dispute and, later, to crime.



Myra was, as Elinor had said to her,

ambitious for her husband, so it was she

heard with delight one evening that the

king had promised he was soon to be

ordained as an elder in the church.



"This promotion means much,” he said

to his wife. “I shall have a voice in the

making of the laws by which we are gov-

erned and be one of his counsellors.”



Myra answered slowly, for the moment

a doubt being in her mind; she hardly

could have explained why, in fact, it is

doubtful that she even admitted to herself

that it was there: “But I thought only

the twelve ever counselled with the

king.”



“That is true, in a way, but the elders

are asked to vote on nearly all, if not all,





the laws, all excepting those that come

from direct revelation;' they, of course,

coming directly from God, cannot be





questioned by man.”



Mr. Brandon also was pleased at the

success of his son-in-law. The place had

been offered him but he had asked that

it be given to James, feeling that the

latter was young and had a way to make

in the world, also desiring the advance-

ment of a young man who claimed so

near a relationship before himself. The

king had readily granted this boon, per-

haps ‘because as he had become well ac-

quainted with the two. He saw in James





m mwamwummwmwwmw.memmm 011w k enema





/





THE” MICHIGAN FARMER.





a more willing deciple than in the firm-

willed elder man. Elinor tried honestly

to share in her sister’s delight at the ad-

vancement, but some way, since that day

when Strang had been crowned king, it

all seemed like a terrible mockery to her.

She said nothing, for she was growing

silent and thoughtful. Robert Stuart

often rallied her on her sobriety, but

although she smiled at his raillery She

never admitted, even to him, the cause of

her sober face. She was, indeed, keep—

ing her own council. She went, however,

to the meetings at the tabernacle, for she

thought that, after all, it was not best to

anger the king; so she went, as did the

rest, and as he paid no attention to her

she concluded that he thought nothing

of her, and she was glad it was so.



But in this Elinor was mistaken. The

king did notice her, although she knew

it not, and he was not pleased at her at-

titude. Instinctively he saw that the

young girl was not really one of them;

that her presence was rather of compul-

sion than of faith and it angered him

that a slip' of a girl should set herself, as

he considered it, in defiance of him, but

he did not do things hastily. He watched

and waited and bided his time.





 





Chapter VII.



It was one sunny day quite late in the

autumn that Elinor came into the house,

humming a gay tune, to find the king

conversing With her father. She had

gone to spend the day with a girl about

her own age, one Elizabeth Flint, a.

friend and also a Mormon.



She started when she saw Strang but,

answering his salutation, she turned to

her father and asked, “\\'here is mother?”



“I believe she went over to Myra’s.”



“So this is the young rebel," said the

king, with a laugh that sounded any-

thing but pleasant to Elinor; “she does

not look very formidable, I am sure."



Elinor turned to leave the room, say-

ing, “I will go for mother, I think,” when

the king spoke again.



“Hold on, young lady; I came on pur-

pose to see you and have waited here

with your father for your coming. It is

not every young lady in the settlement

that has the honor of a call from me, I

can assure you.”



Elinor thought that it was an honor

she would gladly dispense with, but as it

was hardly polite to say this she an-

swered nothing but stood waiting for him

to continue, and this he seemed in no

great hurry to do.



“Sit down, my dear; never stand when

you can as well sit; our business may

take some time."



Elinor sank obediently into a chair, her





eyes still on the face of the speaker.



“I perceive that I have been told right-

ly,” he continued, “when I was informed

that you refused to wear the prescribed

dress for the Mormon women. W'hy is

this?”



Elinor’s cheeks flushed at the words

but more at the tone in which they were

uttered. “Because I do not choose,” she

answered calmly. “The dress is neither

pretty nor womanly, and I have no desire

to appear in it.”



“But I have commanded that it be worn.

How dare you disregard the commands

of your king?”



The girl looked straight into his eyes

without flinching. “I do not consider you

have any right to issue such commands.

This is a free country."



“But, young lady, God revealed to me

that it was sinful for woman to give so

much thought to dress, and through His

commands I designed this. Do you dis-

pute His authority as well as mine."



“No,” answered the girl with spirit,

“but I do not believe in your revelations.

I have the Bible to live by and I cannot

find therein where it tells what kind of

clothes we should wear.”



The face of the king had been growing

dark with wrath. He had not looked for

such opposition as this. “You had better

understand at once, young lady, that my

will here is law and I command you to

wear the dress the other women wear.

\Vere I to allow you to persist in this dis-

obedience I would soon have discontent

and rebellion among the other women.”



“And I tell you I shall never wear it,”

answered Elinor, firmly. “Why doesn’t

Mrs. Strang wear it?”



The king winced. The shaft had struck

home. It was a great trial to him that

his wife had no faith whatever in his

revelations or the doctrine he preached,

and set herself in opposition to him in

more ways than one. However, he an-

swered calmly. “As reigning lady of this

colony she is, of course, accorded some

privileges, but that is not the case with





you. You must obey or suffer the con-

sequences.”



Elinor’s lips settled into firm lines and

she'made no reply. Again the king was

forced to ask, “will you do so?”



“Never,” she answered, hotly.



“Very well, I am sorry;” then turning

toward her father, “Mr. Brandon, you

will show me where this perverse young

lady keeps her wardrobe."



Mr. Brandon arose. It was plain that

he was entirely under the control of the

other; he led the way to another room

where, in one corner, hung the few dress-

es possessed by his daughter. There

were not many. Girls of that day did

not have the extensive wardrobes they

now consider needful for their happiness;

there were two or three gowns for every

day and one for Sunday wear. Strang

gathered them all in his arms, then re—

turned to the other room. Elinor watched

him like one fascinated.



He walked toward the fireplace where

a fire still smouldered, for the mornings

were cool and a fire had been kindled to

warm the room. He stirred the embers

until they sprang into a blaze, then thrust

the clothes he held into the flames and

watched them until they had burned to

a crisp. Then he turned toward the girl

who sat motionless in her chair, gazing

with horror at what he had done.



“I think,” he said, with an

smile, “you will learn that obedience is

best in the young and that I intend to be

obeyed, although I am sorry to have to

take such severe means as this.” Still

there was no reply.



“You find, however, I am not so hard

as you may think me, for I am willing to

recompense you. See here!” He opened

a bundle that Elinor had not noticed be-

fore, taking therefrom a number of suits

of the Mormon clothes, all made ready to

wear. “You see I have provided some

garments to take the place of those I

have had to destroy.”



And yet she did not reply.

sparkle in her eyes and the red spots

glowing in her cheeks showed that she

understood. Then he came toward her

and laid the garments before her for her

inspection. But he had reckoned without

his host. The fighting blood of the girl

was up. Her forefathers had crossed the

ocean that they might enjoy the liberty

they craved; they had later fought in the

Revolution for the same cause and their

descendant was not to be so easily con-

quered. As the hateful clothes were

placed before her, action, of which she

had appeared to be deprived, returned.

She sprang to her feet and swept the

garments into her arms. Then before

anyone understood what she meant to do

she crossed the floor at a bound and

thrust the garments into the same fire

she had seen consume her own scanty

wardrobe. Then, turning to the aston-

ished men, she said, in a ringing voice,

“That is my answer."



She stood before them a perfect per-

sonification of young America at bay.

Mr. Brandon could not but admire his

daughter, although wondering dimly what

the result would be, but the face of

Strang darkened until he looked a per-

fect demon.



“Take care, young lady,” he said in a

low, menacing tone, “you do not know

what you may bring upon flour head by

your actions.” '



“I know there is a God in Heaven who

will protect His children if they trust

Him,” answered the girl with spirit, “and

against His power, King Strang, you can-

not avail. It is rather for you to be-

ware, for if you provoke His anger woe

be to you.”



The face of Strang paled somewhat at

the words and he saw that nothing was

to be gained at this time by prolonging

the scene. He was boiling with anger

that he had been defeated by this girl

and he was already revolving many plans

in his mind whereby he might yet con-

quer her proud spirit, but as it was not

to be accomplished at this time he turned

to go, pausing to say as he did so:



“Brandon, I am astonished and also

much displeased at the outcome of what

I had hoped would be a friendly visit, but

you understand that such rebellion will

have to be punished or I shall have the

women swarming around me like a swarm

of bees demanding their rights, as they

seem pleased to consider them. It seems

you have strayed far from the teaching

of your Bible, for that tells us a man

shall be the head of his household. Neith-

er you nor your family must appear at

the place of worship until this fiery

daughter of yours has thought better of

her ways and apologizes to her king,” and

he left the house.



(To be continued).





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CHALMERS KNITTING CO.

123 Washington Street. Amsterdam. N. Y.





 





 





 





 

 





 

 





Just out. ’



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THOMAS MFG. 00.. 5845 Woyno Street. DAYTON. OHIO





 





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APPLEY TRUSS C0., 4 8 Monroe St.





Grand Rapids, Michigan.

. For facts about Prize and

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or town greetings on beautiful Flower d

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Apart. '22,. 191i.





 





 





: FARMERS’ CLUBS

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS' CLUBS.





President—B. A. Holden, Wixom.



Vice—Pres, J. D. Leland, Corunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Meta—

mora.



Treasurer-Mrs. Lewis Sackett, Eckford.



Directors—A. R. Palmer, Jackson; Wm.

H. Marks, Fair Haven; C. L. Wright,

Caro; E. W. Woodruff, Blanchard; C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick Hankerd,

Munith.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





Auoclatlonal Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





 





Auoclatlonal Sentlment.—

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





THE CONSERVATION OF OUR BIRDS.





 





 

   

 

 





Paper read by ss Emily Bennett at

the annual meetin of Clinton County

Association of Far ers' Clubs, held at

St. Johns.





The subject of bir conservation is one





of such stupendous im nce that to

attempt to present a paper in t time

allotted would be presumption ideed.





May we not rather say, "Come, it us





treason together," in a heart to heart talk





rgearding that which so nearly concerns

every individual, for we are told by those

who are prepared to say, that with the

extinction of bird life the earth would be-

come a desert through the ravages of in-

sects and rodents and human sustenance

would be impossible.



In‘ the study of the economic side of

this question we learn that the estimated

annual loss from insects to food and fiber

plant's exceeds $30,000,000 in this country

alone. Nine years from the time the cot-

ton-boll weevil entered Texas from Mex-

ico, the loss was estimated at $15,000,000.

Over 40 species of birds are now known

to prey upon this pest. From a careful

conservation estimate the loss of every

insect-eating bird is equivalent to four

bushels of grain and probably more than

5,000,000 birds are slaughtered annually

for feminine adornment. What a tax to

be imposed upon a nation.



We read that in those other days before

Rome had accepted the teaching of the

Nazarene when he said,’ "Not a sparrow

falleth without your Father’s notice,” a.

friend of Cicero in serving a banquet in

honor of the distinguished orator regaled

his guests with a dish of nightingales and

other song-birds at a cost of $4,000. An—

other Roman host provided his guests

with a dish composed of the tongues and

brains of flamingoes. But those were

days when no word was found in the

language to express family affection and

tenderness, and we who have been

launched upon a civilization and culture

2,000 years in advance are not only feast-

ing upon the edible portion of the song-

bird; we are wearing his pelt. 'Wearing

it in imitation of a notorious woman of

Paris whose manner of life rendered her

unfit to clasp a little child in her arms.

And so the slaughter goes on, 5,000,000

in a year. The snowy heron, with her

beautiful “maternity plumes," the badge

of motherhood, worn only at the nesting

time, is now almost extinct.



Her devotion to her young makes her

an easy prey for she will not leave them

even for her life, and the last sound she

hears as she lies dying at the foot of the

tree, with the skin stripped from her

back, is the cry of the starving nestlings.

This plumage was at one time worth $10

per ounce, then $25, now it is said to be

worth its weight in gold.



The painter, Inness, has on exhibition

in New York a picture representing a for-

est interior in Florida with just one lone

egret, prophetic, of the rapid extinction of

this beautiful bird.



Tons of arsenic, we are told, are used

in preparing these skins of birds and that

the brilliancy of the plumage may be pre-

served the skin must be stripped from

the body while the heart is still pulsating.

All birds wear their brightest plumage

at the nesting time, hence they are cap-

lured at this time, leaving their young to

die from the slow torture of starvation.



An eminent clergyman has declared

that "if women understand what misery

in the bird-realm this fashion costs, the

world must lose its respect for them.

Bold words these! but I am 801118 to say

this: The woman who, knowing the price

by Which these things are obtained and





n





THE “MICHIGAN FARMER.





the brutalizing influence upon the men

engaged in procuring them, will still per-

sist in decking her person with these vic-

time, or with the moire Persian lamb,

you may never trust as a friend, and I

use the word in its broad sense, for

should you ever stand in the way of her

interests, either social or financial, she

will betray you.



I read with interest that a committee

of club women were taking up the work

of forest conservation, but with surpris-

ing inconsistency, they seemed entirely

oblivious of the economic relation be-

tween the bird, the insect and the tree.

\Vhile in session in St. Louis the State

federation referred to them the Audobon

Pledge, which I think, specifies against

wearing the aigrette. It was refused, the

secretary airily remarking, “Because, if 1

want to wear an aigrette I shall certainly

do so, and my conscience won’t hurt me

a particle.” And a local paper stated

that the club women of St. Louis would

endorse the action of the committee.



What a comment! Representative Am~

erican women! When the prophet was

lost for words in which to express the

attitude of Jehovah toward his people he

said, “As one whom his mother comfort-

eth, so will I comfort you." Tenderness

and sympathy have long been attributes

of the world’s ideal of womanhood. Shall

we nail it to the cross and from the

wreckage of our faith construct a new

ideal after the pattern of this moral de-

basement? Artist and sculptor must

throw a drapery over the Portia of their

dreams lest she put to shame this new

woman of the 19th and 20th centuries.



We have not time to speak of the

methods employed for the extermination

of the wild pigeon. It is estimated that

near Petoskey more than a billion birds

were killed in one season. Ti'hen roost-

ing, they have been attacked by men

armed with clubs, poles, guns and even

pots of sulphur, and wagon loads were

killed nightly. When the hunters Were

supplied, droves of hogs were driven to

the grounds to feed upon the remainder

of the dead and wounded birds. Nor of

the shooting contests when thousands of

quail, pigeous and doves having been con-

fined in foul cages until too weak to

make a strong flight were shot, not for

food, not for adornment, but for sport,

until little sensitive children, witnessing

the revolting scene have been thrown

into convulsions and become insane. Nor

of the thousands of robins shipped from

the south to be served in New York res-

taurants as reed-birds. Remember, these

are the days of humane and liberal fra-

ternities and liberal education.



(Continued next week).





WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE DOING.



The Arcadia Club of Gratiot county,

was represented by Mr. C. F. Beeman,

who stated that the Club holds 12 meet-

ings each year. The one question which

the Club has not solved is how to inter-

est the young people in the organization.

IL is, however, a question which they

have in mind at all times and the mem-

bers hope to educate the young people to

the advantages which would accrue to

them from participation in the Club

meetings. The meetings are held at the

homes of Club members, who volunteer

instead of having a regular time assigned

to them as is the case in some Clubs.



Surprise Club, of Saginaw Co., was rep-

resented by Mrs. Barney Curtis, who re-

ported plenty of young people in the Club

membership, and stated that there was

never any question about finding a place

for the monthly meetings as all members

are willing and anxious to entertain, All

aid in the furnishing of refreshments,

which are served on lap boards. Anim-

nual picnic in August is a feature of the

summer work of the Club.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Discuss School





Problem._T}

and Elba Farmers’ ‘9 Hadley





Club was entert i



at Lone Elm by Mr. and Mrs. C. J. flog???

son, March 16. The program was entirely

devoted to the centralized school problem.

Mrs. R. M. Brownell’s excellent paper

showed much thought and thorough prep-

aration. Condensed reports were given

of statistics from the different states that

have tried the system and all statements

were verified. Mrs. Brownell is a very

interesting speaker, and the Club en—

thusiastically tendered her a vote of

thanks for her kindness. A question box

completed the program. The hostess

tried using lap boards and all were highly

pleased with the plan, as it shortened the

dinner hour, thus giving more time for

the program. The next meeting will be

at Maple Lawn with Mr. and Mrs. Geo.

Schanck, April 20. A cordial invitation

is extended to all.—Mrs. C. P. Johnson,

Cor. Sec.





 





E; GRANGE





Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





THE APRIL PROGRAMS.





 





Suggestions for Second Meeting.





Is the distribution of seeds by the gov-

ernment a graft?



Recitation, "Government Seeds.”

of “The One Improvement





Feed and Care of young chickens.



Roll call, responded to by each man

showing a seed potato or ear of seed corn

as nearly like his ideal as possible to

find, and each woman showing a piece of

fine sewing.



Song by Grange chorus.





“THE ONE IMPROVEMENT CLUB."

Once upon a time, in a far away coun-

try neighborhood, the lecturer of a

Grange evolved the idea of a “One im-

provement club." This lecturer was a.

woman and, when it succeeded well in

her Grange, she told another lecturer,

woman, who in turn told others until it

reached the ears of a lecturer-man. This

sure was transmitting news by the “tell-

a-woman" method, but it does not mat-

ter how things get noised abroad if they

are only things that are worth noising.

And this was a worth-while plan.





The lecturer-man stood up in his

Grange, one day when there was room

for only the proverbial “one more,” and





asked every person present; to tell what

one improvement he would try to make

during this coming season. Later, he

said, he would ask them how they had

succeeded in their improvements. Then

one after another of that group of men

and women arose and told of what they

hoped or planned to have or to do. “It

was the most interesting roll-call we ever

had,” someone was overheard to say.

Certainly the range of improvements was

wide and the items varied enough to hold

the rapt attention of everyone present

from start to finish. Not one of the im—

provements named but that might have

touched off a whole discussion had there

been time. Not one of them but will

mean a better and brighter home, or

farm, or woman for having been attempt-

ed. Not all of them will be realized, of

course, but, as “confession is good for

the soul" so hope expressed is nearer

realized than if never given a voice. Some

of our dreams come true sometimes, and

nothing is ever done unless somebody

does “dream" it out first. No temple is

reared, no ship built, no battle fought, no

machine made, no book written, no field

sown, no harvest i‘cnpcd, except it first

transpired in some person's brain. The

"Vision" always prcccdcs the actual.



This is why the “One improvement

club" plan is a very practical proposition

to work upon in our Granges. llere are

some of the improvements which mem-

bers of this Grange I refer to promised

to attempt: .\ ccmcnt silo, a porch, lif-

teen acres of alfalfa, chickens and flow-

ers (despite desperate discouragements

to combine them in the past), make the





farm pay without Work (by a father

whose sons have left the home farm),

secure a vacuum cleaner, dispose of ac-





cumulated things-that-mayccome—handy,

make over the dooryard, tint walls of liv-

ing rooms. realize higher price than last

year on grains fed to stock, install gaso-

line engine for sprayer and washing ma-

chine, make or buy a firelcss broodcr, lay

tile drains, buy a gasoline fiatiron, set

out new shrubs and strawberry beds.

One man hoped to enlist his neighbors

with him in cleaning up an old, neglected

burial ground; another resolved to do

more reading that it would keep him in

closer touch with public affairs, while

the oldest person present pi'omiscd him-

self to try to hold a stronger rein over

his temper. '



Now, was that not a fine day's Work?



JENNIE BUELL.





 





A MODEL SOCIAL CENTER GRANGE.



The influence and uplift exerted by a

Grange that is a social center of com-

munity life is most happily exemplified

by Pearl Grange, of Berrien. county. This

Grange possesses a very comfortable

home, with audience room upstairs and

dining-room below. It also has a com-

fortable Grange barn.



This Grange is the social center of the

community. Among its members are

graduates of M. A. C. and of the Val-

paraiso normal. The members are intelli-

gent, cultured, sociable—the Grange itself

a great big family of more than a hun-

dred children. The earthy soil in the

neighborhood of Pearl Grange is admir-

ably suited to fruit growing; the mental





(23)





487





soil to the raising of ideals.



it is most difficult to give a pen pic-

ture of Pearl Grange that will convey

much of an impression, especially to the

uninitiated, but for years this Grange has

been a most helpful sociological contribu-

tor to the solution of the problem of how

to keep the boys and girls on the farm.

Benton Harbor and St. Joseph are very

near by and yet the young folks of the

community in which this Grange is lo-

cated find their pleasures in the Grange

meetings. How is this brought about?

Every Patron is interested in Pearl

Grange and interests himself in getting

his neighbor interested; every Patron is

doing something to make the meetings

successful, the programs are interesting

and appealing and debates are frequent

and well contested. There are some

young folks away at school, and when

they come home a “greeting” social is

held at the Grange hall to welcome them.

There is no big “I” and little “You” in

this Grange. If our educators and states—

men (‘3) could take a year’s schooling in

Year! Grange, they might increase their

usefulness and lose some of their use-

lessness.——D. E. Mc'Clure.





HILLSDALE PATRONS DISCUSS

TIATIVE LEGISLATION AND

RECIPROCITY.





INI-





‘ Considering the unfavorable weather the

recent meeting of liillsdale Pomona with

Fayette Grange, at Jonesville, was well

attended. The weather and bad railroad

conditions prevented representatives of

Calhoun County Granges, who had been

invited, from being present. The fore-

noon meeting was taken up with busi-

ness relating to the organization, and was

for Grange members only. At noon,

Jonesville Grange served a fine dinner.

and in the afternoon the open meeting

was called to order by Master Benjamin

Lamb, of Adams.



Owing to the absence of some of the

speakers, changes were made in the orig-

inal program. Editor D. \V. Grandon, of

I‘lillsdale, being unable to be present, his

subject, “The Initiative, Referendum and

Recall," was taken by Hon. B. E. Kies,

of Hillsdale. Among other things, Mr.

Kies said that he had been a studcnt of

the question for more than thirty years,

and that he was in a convention which

Voted in favor of the measure thirty-one

years ago. He made the different steps

in the initiative, referendum and recall

plain enough for everyone who had not

thought on the subject. The speaker in-

s1stcd that the present legislnlui'c wished

to place the percentage of voters signing

the petition for initiative or referendum,

much too high. He thought six or eight

per cent, in case of the initiative, and

ten or twelve per cent in the case of

referendum, would be about right.



In regard to the recall, Mr. Kies held

that people had as good a right to recall

a legislator whom they have elected as

a farmer has to disoliarge his hired man.

He cited the success of the initiative,

referendum and recall in Oregon, and said

these measures are necessary if the peo-

ple wish to get what they have coming

in the way of legislation. “'ith the initia-





tive, referendum and recall, the people

can get what they want as fast as they

get Wise enough to know what they





want. .



The address of Mr. Kics was followed

by an interesting and spirited discussion

of the reciprocity treaty with Canada.

The discussion brought out the fact that

most of the members were opposed to the

measure because they deemed it unfair

and one-Sided. The majority favored the

rec1procxty measure with the proposed

amendment of Senator Cummins, of Iowa,

Wthh includes manufactured articles as

well as farm products in the treaty. A

vote was taken to determine the sense of

the Grange at this point. The discussion

of the treaty revealed a surprising

amount of free trade sentiment among

the Grange members.



Owing to the absence of Hon. Frank

Robards and VI'. A. Bishop, who were to

have taken part in the program, the

meeting was considerably shortened. .\

vote of thanks was extended Fayette

Orange by the l’omona delegates. vlt was

announced that Pomona. would meet with

Mosherville Grange the first Wednesday

in May, and it was decided to invite the

members of the Jackson county Granges

to attend the meeting—W'alter Jack.





NEW GRANGEnS?O.R<‘FIRST— QUARTER





 





OF 1911.



National Secretary Freeman reports

the number of Granges organized and

reorganized from Jan. 1, to March 31

1011, both inclusive, as follows: '



Organized.



California ...... 2 Nebraska . . . . . .. .5

Colorado ........ 2 New Jersey ..... 1

Connecticut 2 New York 13

Idaho ........... Ci Ohio ..... 0']

lllinols .......... 2 Oregon. . ........ E3

1133;31111 ----- - ~13; Pennsylvania 3

Kansas ----------- 8 Rhode Island 1

Maine --------- 6 South Dakota . 6

Mar rland ------- 6 Vermont ........ b‘

Massacl -' ' " , “'ashington .11



. iusetts . 3 “ri i

Michigan .......21 sconsn """ 3

Missouri ........ ~i "‘

Minnesota ...... 3 Total ........ 186

Re-organized.

I(liltinnecticut .. 1 South Dakota .. l

nois .......... 2 ' '

Michigan ....... . 1 “aghmgton """ 10

Oregon .......... 1 ’—

Pennsylvania 4 Total ........20





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings.



Antrim Co., at Bellaire, Saturday, April

29. Lecturers and workers‘ conference.

State Lecturer present.



Hillsdale Co., with Mosherville Grange,

Wednesday, May 3.
This picture from an actual photo shows





Louden .Balance Grapple Fork

lifting a third of a ton oi dry clover hay.

How’s that for a winner?





There isn’t another fork in the world

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handle clover. alfalfa and threshed straw as success-

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1 B A L A N C E

Louden s Fork





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Get the Louden. the best hay lork in the

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Get our complete Free Cstalo of Louden Barn

l‘ools. Feed and Litter Carriers. Iexible Bird Proof

Door Hangers. flay 'l‘ools. etc. Also booklet“Some

Interesting g Facts on a Homely Subject. Write

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Louden " . 603 Broadway.

Machinery , "7:77.77





Co.,





 





‘THE 0 ll flHiIPIDI SPRllER





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This is just a little ad—but a postal will bring my Ila

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Will You Pay a Penny For .

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.- fa _',_,. r‘l‘r-h‘. M‘,m

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’ N? as? sly/1’1 «(we 1'

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@ ' fire





The New Century Binder .





has the only perfect Knotter—one of the most remarkable

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nor miss through an entire harvest. It is different and better

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The New Century will cut and bind any kind of grain

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possesses durability, strength, simplicity in construction,

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A’fiERWOOB





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Send for Our Bis Diamond Jubilee Catalog 5





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mu. 22, '1911.

AMERICAN





Steel Fence Post

Cheaper TdtanWood





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and M ore. Dirrc‘tble





.7 Many years of experiment-

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It is now thoroughly practi-

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on the farm, in the town, for

railroads and w h e r e v e r

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Made of tough steel, heavily

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40-page catalog sent free, fully

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Send for it.



Sold by dealers everywhere.

Ask dealer to show samples and

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American Steel 8: Wire Co.





 





Chicago: New York:

115 Adams Street 30 Church Street

Denver: San Francisco:





First Nat. Bank Bldg. 16th and Folsom Ste.





 





 





 





STOUT—STRONG—DURABLE—CHEAP .



' Brown Fences will outlast any other because oi



' heavier wires and thicker lzalzanizllrlig- Investigate _

before you bu . 160 sty es or a purposes.



- Bargain prices-14o or Red Up

delivered at your railway station. Send today for

catalog and free sample for test. .



THE Bil-OWN FENCE I WIRE 00





Dept. so caravans». ofiro





] 3}“ Cents a Rgd





R: For 18-ln. 14 t-ie tor m—ln. Hog .

‘ Fence; 15e for 26-inch; 18 8-40

‘ .tor 32-inch; 25s for a 41-inch

.Farrn Fence. 48-inch Poultry

fence is 1-2o. Sold on 30 Jaye

= trlal. 80 rod spool Ideal Barb

Wire $1.48 Cataloguotree.





4 KITSELMAN BROS..

Ion are aurora. mo. .,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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Press says “22 tons in 10 hours or no pay.” Large ,





reed capacity-smooth and compact bales, uni-

form in size. Load full weight into cars.





Spencer Presses are biggest money makers be-





 

 

 

 

 





cause they give greatest capacity at Buy

smallest operating and repalrcost. - Guaranteed

Write today for Free illustrated Capacity





catalog E.E. describing full line.





J. A. SPENCER

104 William St,, legbt. lll,





 

   

 





 





, IIIANEIIIL FEICE. Cheaper and

‘ far better than wood for Lawns,

, Churches, Cemeteries. Also Poul-

' try and Farm Forms. Free Catalog.

7 Wirte for Special Offer.

" “ll FENCE 00.. Box 943 Decatur. Ind.





F ENGE #5335?





Marie of High Carbon Double Strength

“Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to

prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at

factory prleea on 30 daya' free trial.

We pay alllrelght. 37.heights of farm

and poultry fence. Catalog Free.

CON-ED SPRING FENCE co.

7 also: 21 Winchester. Indiana.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





   

 





(Iv-(V , - . Drills 5-Seeders



wowayuu' Are the Leaders

THERE ARE MANV REASONS WHY.



DOWAGIAC Manumcrunmo C0. DOWAGIACl‘llCl-t.





 

   





{Whichis the SllfchlAY fence?





’ no picture sho‘wsxvix Jackson 37:3; fence ““5““.





The Stay wires are made from the same gauge (size) hard steel wire as the laterals. The

llacltson knot is made from the same material and holds both in a grip that never loosened



he whole fence is stiff and strong, and being made with mechanical accuracy it"

always " sets right." Goes up or down hill as smoothly as on the level. No uneven line wires.





$50 i__n Gold for Fence Photographs flfb32‘;dgguggrgd'¢;%¥





a ac on Fence





. JACKSON FENCE CO. Box 14 Dealers 7 Our double. banded ulllng plan/or





_ I9] I willlncreasepounol .

Jackson.M|ch. W rife and ask about if. cs





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





— >3 .:‘ . .h 27:.-. ..."..'.. “fl ' ' a

' .

'7 ‘: \

z 3. 7 5 7

ACKSON _ ‘ , ‘ '

J fume -— Val __J l ~ \

\

M V l .)_.———- ‘

/ , /. “ll

3551'. [/1 T005

/ .j 47/19,] cooros

- ' ‘ 'l/ , Jackson]P

I 00., BOX l

.. , r : JAClson. KICK.

\ . o - -\"' -‘ _. f; ‘ Tell me adboutdphoto

“ ‘ t \ _ 1"”? contest an son men

:§\ \‘ \\\\ \\ ‘ " _. _ _ - a’ 3" ' Jackson Fence Tool tree.

\ . \x‘ t. .\ """" Iexpecttouso rodeo!

\ \ Q .‘ ‘— ~ — -—.._. tenca___.in. high this spring

6 , - " :- 1.". ‘D "

’ - you: i I trade Big—4‘0“)

Name

W’Q’Q‘ a Q P o

n» b :. Q; ‘tN—vp; ~ “~— M e cowy——-

-‘ “Er-'1” \‘éfise W:

’ ' \ ReFeD S





 





 





 





THE JOHNSTON 00R” BINDER BEATS THEM All





In all civilized lands the superior performance of this well-built binder is recognized. It

has won the hearts of farmers everywhere. by enabling them‘ to harvest a crop quicker. easier

and cheaper. Simple and durable : eas to draw and convenient to operate: binds above or below

the ears. Has many exclusive features. est binder made—yet costs no more than ordinary kind.





J O H N S T O N



Far-m Maohlnery

is vastly superior to all other makes—gives hotter and

louder service. Works in all conditions of gram and soil.

There's nothing impractical or "freakish" about our Gram

Binders, Reapers, Rakes. Manure Spread-

ers, Mowers, Tedders, Hay Loaders. Har-

rows, etc. Write to-day for 1911 catalog-

it explains the superior features of JOHNS-

TON ctsaliiy farm machines. It's Free.

THE JOHNSTON HARVESTER CO.

30:16:10 BATAVIA. N. Y.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

 

     





 





 





 





 





Set Your Fence Posts





35 to 40 Feet Apart ' 7





saving half the poet. ex as ‘

still have a rtronser. morepothoer'o .

ly stock proof fence, it you use 0





P. 8: B. Fence Anchor





Simple. ohea easy to use. No di 31

d. Holds in any soil. Absol‘iitell:

hogs from going under wire

fence. even in deri‘ressiona of the soil.

Protects your stoc from lightning by

forming ground connection.

FREE Special driving tool with order for It!)

or more. Ask your dealer or write today

J. M. PEEL In IRO..Ios 202 Meryavllle. Ohio





Farm Fence and Gates





Send for prices with

manufacturers’ dis-

counts on poultry

and farm hard wire I

fence. Best of gal-IL

vanlzing. Grea tl

strength—long ser-

vice. Write today. I'

The Ward reuse 0o..

Box 875.Deeatur,lnd.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





- SAVE MONEY by using galvan-

ized Steel Posts, any length, may

be driven or anchored. For farms,

vineyards and railroads. Guar-

anteed against natural elements

30 to 50 years. Price 25c. for



six-foot posts. Catalogue free.





KENT FENCE, Pos'r 00.,

Kent. Ohio





STAR FENCES

- cosrs NOTHING





to find out about our fences.

Guaranteed in every re-

. spect. Beat quality wire

used. Easy to erect. Allow-

once for expansion and con—

traction. H'Bee our crimp.





Nothing like it elsewhere.

WWrite for Free Catalog.





leutnsWin Pentium, 212 War-«Animist.





 





 

 





 

   





 





. . go For lawns,

tones, etc. Inex naive,

, eflectlve. made 0 No. 9





 





 





.. - mm FEIIG

-» i ------- . ..... Man designs. Cheap as

0'4 ”307(th! Info): :00 88 page Catalogs;

ml l’It-‘I‘itiiilllil‘l lupin“); '°°' 'W'" "'°”





 

 

   





.





 





When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer





. . . v . . . . Churches and Cemeteries.

l i.‘ ’ ”J ’.‘ U l.‘ til it} 7:. 7:7 7:7 7} 0 oiled Spring Fence Oe.

.......... _ '0‘ I W tar.





         





Vl l:l|

k—JJ





 





 





 





 





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