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‘ dishes and scrub floors in





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The Only Weekly Agruicltur:l', Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT, Mica. SATURDAY. MAY 6. 1911.





VOL. cxxxw. No. I8. ;

Whole Number 3546.





§





THE COUNTRY HOME.

In concluding his editorial on “Rural

Life,” in the September magazine number

of the Outlook, Mr. Roosevelt says:

“Above all, the conditions of farm life

must always be shaped with a view to

the welfare of the farmer's wife and the

farm laborer’s wife, quite as much as to

the welfare. of the farmer and the farm

laborer. To have a. woman a mere drudgc

is at least as bad as to haVe the man a

mere drudge. It is every whit as import-

ant to introduce new machines to econ-

omize labor within the house as it is to

introduce machinery to increase the ef-

fectiveness of his labor outside the house’

To this sentiment I, as a farmer and

the ’father of a family of little children,

wish to give unconditional approval. So





 





‘ keenly do I feel the grave importance of





this problem that I am emboldened to lay

aside for the moment the implements of

the agriculturalist and take up the pen

in its behalf.



in a certain city home of culture and

refinement there lives, in the capacity of

servant, a country boy of eighteen. His





boarding and lodging of the farm help.

It affords me no little satisfaction to re—

flect that within two years after my

promise to love, cherish and protect, I

built at an expense of five hundred dol—

lars (our combined assets being less than

three thousand), a'small tenant house.

This little house is comfortable and con-

venient; my man, hired by the year, en-

joys the companionship of his family

circle, leaving me to the enjoyment of

mine; One burden is thus lifted from the

shoulders of the maker of my home, and

I find that generally speaking, married

men are better workers, more steady,

more plenty, more industrious, and more

anxious to please than the younger men

who have no family responsibilities.



Our own house, in common with very

many of the more modern farm houses,

is equipped with a satisfactory heating

plant. We have the hot air system.

Steam and hot water have many advo-

cates, and some unquestionable advan-

tages; but the first cost is much less with

hot air, our plant complete costing only

two hundred dollars, while either of the

other systems would have cost five or





tanks on the second floor furnish

and a small gasoline engine, costing

sixty-five dollars and located in the base-

ment, does the pumping. \Ve have stor-

age for one hundred and twenty barrels

of soft water and a good drive well fur-

nishes hard water in unlimited quanti-

ties. Our bath room is complete in ev-

ery particular, lacking none of the fea-

tures that we find in the bath rooms of

our city friends. A sewer one hundred

and seventy-five feet long carries the

sewage from the house. The whole sys-

tem complete cost us three hundred dol-

lars.



The days when the weekly washing

was an ever-recurring bugbear arehapg

pily no more. “'9 have a laundry in the

basement which is‘equipped with a power

washing machine and wringer run by the

same gasoline engine that does the pump-

ing. This machine cost thirty-three dol-

lars and I never made a better invest-

ment. Hot and cold soft water is on tap

in the laundry and a short hose attached

to the faucet carries it to tub, washing

machine and boiler, with no lfiting. The

floor is cemented, with a good fall to-





head,





331.ooA YEAR.

32.75 FIVE YEARS. ,





FARM NOTES.





 





The Spring Work.

The backward nature of the spring

which p1 evented getting the oats in early,





' has delayed the preparations f01 the other





spring crops, with the unavoidable result

that the average farmer finds himself

confronted with more than the usual

amount of pressing work. The. usual ten-

dency under such circumstances is to

hasten the preparation for the other crops

in order to get them in on time. even to

the slighting of the preparation of the

seed bed. This is particularly true with

the corn crop, but experience generally

teaches us that it is unwise to slight the





preparation of the soil for this or any

other crop. If the weather is fav-

orable after planting time all may turn





out well, even if the job of fitting the

ground is hastily done. But if the weath-

er is cold and wet, as is often the case,

then the grass .and weeds will grow rap-

idly and the corn will come on slowly,

and there is a greater loss of time in

getting the corn clean after it gets large

enough to cultivate than would have oc-



‘ curred had the ground





 





father is a prosperous

farmer, owning many

acres, with flocks and





herds of which he is just-

ly proud; but the boy

prefers to cook, wash





the city home for twelve'

dollars a month rather



than live in the country,



which he hates. The hu-



miliated entreaty of his

parents is unavailing. He

remains doggedly at his



post, taking Thursday af-



ternoon off, with his



three dollars in hispocket



and a cigarrette in his



mouth. When country



boys and girls feel in - :

even a small degree as



this boy feels, semething



is wrong. The home has



not meant to‘ them what



home should mean to ev-



ery child.



There is nothing, abso-



lutely nothing, that is so

tremendously worth while

as a good home. It is

the soil in which we raise

character. Surely a crop

of human soul‘s requires.

more attention than a

crop of potatoes. Also

there is no place in the

world that so lends itself

to the making of an ideal

home as the country,

which so generously and

lavishly provides the ideal

setting of green fields and

running brooks and deep

forests. Certainly, if anywhere, we ought

to find the perfect home on the farm.

, But home is‘more than the matter of

a clean house and three meals a day.

These form its body; it also has a soul,

so subtle that it is easily overlooked, and

so vital that; the home is a poor thing

when it droops and a. dead thing when

it is gone. This soul of the home is the

spirit of the mother; and it should be

guarded as we guard life itself.



This fact makes it, of first importance

to have every modern convenience in the

farm home, and to take every possible

step to lighten the houlSework, since. due

to the scarcity of competent domestics

in the country,, the full burden will often

unavoidably fell upon the shoulders of





 





- the "farmer's ‘wife.





One -of the’heaviest burdens commonly

imposed upon the farmer's wife is the





 





Farm Home of A. B. Cook, of Shiawassee County.





six hundred. The advantages of the

more costly systems seem to us to be

fairly. offset by our more perfect ventila-

tion, the promptness with. which we are

able to remove the chill, and the absence

of radiators, which usually occupy the

most desirable spot in each room and

always considerably increase the labor

of sweeping day. However, any system

which uniformly warms the whole house,

and relegates to the basement théifsource

of heat, with the accompanying dust and

litter of ashes and fuel, relieves the

housewife of another burden, and a heavy

one.



'Our home is almost unique among the

homes of our vicinity, in having a com-

plete and entirely efficient system of wat-

er- -works and plumbing. At the kitchen

sink, hot and cold water and cold hard

water are on tap.





Hard and soft water'





 





wards a sluice leading to the sewer. The

pulling of a plug is all that is required

to get rid of the water. The boiler is

heated by a small gasoline stove close to

the wash bench. The power wringer

slides the entire length of the wash bench

so that it can be used on the washing

machine or tubs. , .



The stress of ironing day has been

greatly lessened by the purchase for

three dollars and a half, of a gasoline

fiatiron. This iron, which uses only a

pint of gasoline for four hours of iron-

ing, is constantly hot and always clean,

a wonderful saver of time, strength and

fuel.



Among other conveniences and labor-

savers I would mention: Hardwood floors,

a bread-mixer, a good gasoline stove in

the kitchen, one or more roomy closets



(Continued on page 522).





(See illustration of Interior on Page 522).





been well fitted before

planting. It pays to bar-

row the corn ground thor-

oughly enough to get a

good firm seed bed and

.a. fine level surface, even

' if planting has to be de-

layed a few days to ac--

complish the work, as it

will grow enough more

rapidly to make up for

the lost time and the

spike-tooth and weeder

can be used much more

effectually before the

corn is large enough to

cultivate than is the case

where the fitting of the

ground has been slighted

before planting.



Another thing which

should be considered in

planning out the spring

work is the uncertainty

of future weather condi-

tions. V’Vher’e potatoes

and beans, and particu-

larly the former, are in-

cluded in the rotation of

crops grown on the farm,

the land for these crops

should be plowed as early

as possible, while the soil

is well supplied with

moisture. If this is done

the soil can be gotten in

much better condition

before planting time ar~

rives, and we will be cer-

tain of enough moisture

in the soil to insure quick

growth of the seed after



these crops are planted. But in case the

ground is not plowed until late, dry

weather may intervene and the moisture

stored in the soil from the spring rains

become evaporated. \Vhen this occurs

it is impossible to prepare as good a

seed bed as is desirable, and often a

poor stand results from the absence of

sufficient moisture to germinate the seed,

and a poor and uneven growth results

because there is not enough moisture

present in the surface soil to supply the

needs of the young plants. But where it

is impossible to plow the fallow ground

early for the late planted spring crops,

it is advisable to take steps to conserve

the moisture from the spring rains. This

can be done by a thorough disking of the

stubble fields which are to be plowed

later. This takes a little time, but the

results will more than pay for the labor





.
involved in the resulting conservation of





moisture. for after all. no matter how

well a soil may be supplied with avail-

able plant food. unless there is sumciont.





moisture mm In it to. supply the?





needs of growing plants, the results can-

not be satisfactory.

Seeding Wet Land.





I have a piece‘of light sandy land that

has not been cropped for two_ seasons.‘

Volunteer red-top had formed a sod over

a large portion of it and there are

patches of Canada thisties. Water some-

times stands on about two acres. I

plowed most of it last fall. My idea was

to summer fallow it and seed the latter

part of this summer. To get it seeded is

my purpose, so please advise me through

the columns of your paper the best course

to pursue; also, how to get rid of the

thistles. IVould you seed with mammoth

or June clover or alsike on the ground

that sometimes has water standing on it?

\Vould you sow any timothy on this kind

of land?



Van Buren Co. G. B.





The plan of summer fallowing to get

rid of the Canada thisties preparatory to

seeding it is an excellent one. In fact.

this is the only certain way of eradicat—

ing the thistles effectually. Where the

land is low or poorly drained, as a por-

tion of the land described would seem to

be. aisike clover will be much better

adapted to it than either Mammoth or

June clover. If you desire to have the

land remain in grass more than one, or

two at the most, years, it would be well

to sow timothy with the clover, and as

redtop apparently does well upon this

soil, it might be profitable to include it

in the mixture, although if it runs in

naturally, as described, this might not

be necessary or advisable. Other grasses

might be included in the mixture which

are suitable to wet soils, provided it is

intended to leave it in grass permanently.

A mixture suitable for low ground is

given in answer to another inquiry in

this issue. If the land is kept well cul-

tivated until midsummer, and the grass

seed sown thickly without a nurse crop,

it should become established so as to give

a fair yield the next season.



Seeding Muck Land.





I have a four-acre field of muck, about

three feet above water in diuhes. Part

of it has been cropped three or four

years. The last of June, 1910, I plowed

it and fitted it well and sowed it to four

quarts of millet, three quarts alsike. one

quart timothy; got a good stand of millet

and weeds but no clover or timothy.

\Vhat would you advise me to do to get

it into a permanent pasture as soon as





possible?

Van Buren Co. J. V. C.





For low- lying lands which are naturally



moist but on which the water does not

stand to any appreciable extent, the fol-

lowing mixture of grasses would answer

for a. permanent pasture not laid down

for too long a time: Alsike clover, 3 lbs;

Russian brome grass, 5 lbs; redtop. 6 lbs.

and timothy, 6 lbs.



“"here the pasture is to be laid down

for an indefinite period fowl meadow

grass and Kentucky bluegrass should be

added to the mixture, unless the blue-

g1ass has occupied the land before. and

will naturally run in of its own accord.

The best method of seeding would be to

prepare a good seed bed by frequent cul-

tivation until midsummer, and then sow

the mixture of grasses under as favor-

able soil conditions as possible.



Making a Water- -tlght Cistern.





I made a square cistern six feet deep

and with 6 in. concrete walls. I made a

wash of cement and water and put it on

with a whitewash brush four or five

times, but it dont hold any water It

drains out dry IV hat can I do about it?

Before I applied the cement wash I plas~

tered it with sand and cement.



SUBSCRIBER.





If a good job of plastering and wash-

ing this cistern with cement were done,

there should be no dilficulty in making

it water-tight. Perhaps the cement pias~

for was not made rich enough. it should

he made about i to 3 for satisfactory re-

sults and cement wash applied over it.

The concrete should be thoroughly moist—

ened before plastering.





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





April 26, 191i.



The season has finally Squared off and

the land dried up so that we can put in

our spring crops. Today we have 16

acres of oats sown, the land worked up

in good shape and we have got them in

in excellent condition With a favorable

season from now on I expect to have a

splendid crop. These oats are on good

land and I expect anywhere from 60 to

80 bushels per acre. We will see how

near I come to it.



A 20 acre field for oats and peas is

practically fitted and .15 acres of it drilled

and with favorable weather conditions

we hope to get the whole 30 acres of





and spring-Wuhan!!! and a good

teamtorthedflmltflieweathm'lsat

all favorable. one can put In a crop rap-

idly where he does not stop to plow Per-

sonally I prefer a corn stubble or potato

stubble well dished up and a good mel-

low seed bed made' to land that has been

plowed. I think you will be more apt to

get better results, especially if the weath-

er is inclined to be dry. 0! course. we

are using fertilizer on the cats and on

the oats and peas. I would not think of

putting in a crop of cats or a crop of oats

and peas without a good liberal dressing

of fertilizer. even on land that has been

in a short rotation with clover. The lib—

era] use of fertilizer to give the plant a

start and carry it forward, and ripen it

Up will be a profitable investment.





The Alfalfa is Not Dead.



A few fairly warm spring days have

started the plants to growing and I am

happily surprised at the condition. I

have gone over both fields carefully dur-

ing the week and I am satisfied that I

have prospects for a crop. 0n the field

that was seeded without a nurse crop

a year ago last fall. where other grasses

were mixed with the alfalfa on a portion

of the field I have a fairly good stand of

alfalfa where it was sowed alone and

there is quite a sprinkling of alfalfa in

with the other grasses. The other grasses

are looking fine and I think I shall get a

fair crop of hay for the first cutting; of

course. what I shall get for the second

cutting I can not tell. Now, on the field

that I seeded to alfalfa with the oats a

year ago I have what seems to be a

splendid stand. and I do not believe

scarcely any of the plants were winter

killed. In one little sag in the field where

the under drain did not seem to take the

water out soon enough, some of the

plants are killed out. and some of them

are lifted out of the ground some. but

even here the tops of them seem to be

green and I believe there will be quite a

growth of alfalfa even there, but on the

greater portion of the field, in fact, on

nearly the entire field. the alfalfa looks

more promising than my new seeding of

common red clover which I consider a

good fair stand, and from present indi—

cations will make a good crop. Of

course, my experiencee with alfalfa is not

sufficient so that I know what I am go-

ing to get. I am simply stating the pros—

pects It will be remembered that I did

not inoculate the soil with nitrlfying bac-

teria on this field that I seeded with oats

last spring, and I did not apply lime ex-

cept on one strip. But the most of this

field was into beets the year before and

received an application of lime. It will

also be remembered that on one portion

of this field I seeded alfalfa alone at the

same time I sowed the oats. Now, at the

present time the alfalfa does not seem

to be very much better where it was

seeded alone than it does where I got 61

bushels of oats to the acre. I have just

recently read in some agricultural paper

the writer being connected with some

experiment station. that his observation

is. where land has been treated thor-

oughly with stable manure there is little

need of inoculation. This is a new idea

to me but I believe from the results I

seem to have got on this field that there

may be something in it. If the land has

been well farmed and stable manure has

been used liberally in the rotation, it

may be that it is not so necessary to in-

Oculate the soil for alfalfa.



Good Wheat.



I certainly have no complaint to make

about the prospects for a wheat crop this

year. My 55 acres of wheat is in splendid

cndition. The whole of it is on land that

has not received any stable manure for

more than 20 years. I have the prospect

of a 30 or 40 bushel crop on 40 acres. To

me this is encouraging because it shows

me what can be done, at least in 3. fav-

orable season on land without stable ma—

nure by the use of commercial fertilizer

and a clover sod. \l’iih a clover sod to

furnish vegetable matter in the soil and

commercial fertilizer to help out by way

of plant food this 40 acres of wheat

would seem to indicate that one should

get along comfortably without any stable

manure. I don't wish to have my mean-

ing construed in such a manner that I

am in any way depreciating the fertiliz-

ing value of stable manure. No one

thinks more of this fertilizer than I do

myself, but we haven’t enough to go

round. I use all the stable manure we

make on the fields near the barn and

don’ t have to haul it so far.

problem to me is to keep up the fields





1 ._ E. MicchN’ FA

ammmintmmk. with two-

good threeehdnse tumor: thaws-amt





N ow, the .





imitate over a halt minimum the’ ,

and still raise profitable (amps. and I be‘~

llevo I. can do it. .

Cleaning Up.

AlIhavestEtedbeMwodidnotget

through with our improvement jobs last





fall but had to leave them when the cold '





weather came. Now this year we ml





going to try to pick up the farm a little.





bit, fix it up and get it into better con-

dition. It has been in horrible "condition,

but it couldn't 'be helped. It was just

such a condition of affairs that one

couldn’t have it different. But the main

jobs are now done. I think we can get it

in shape so that it will look more as if

somebody lived there than it did the past

summer, and does at the-present time.

I have planned no great amount of im-

provements for this season. I am build-

ing now a cement tank that will hold

about 100 barrels and I have got to build

a well-house, and such minor improve-

ments as that, but other improvements

will have to go. and we are going to tend

more strictly to the farming this year.

If the alfalfa is such a wonderful plant

as some seem to indicate, and mine

comes on as it look now as if it might,

we will be haying a. large portion of the

summer and won't have time to tend to

improvements.

COLON C. LILLII.





 





 





THE RETIRED FARMER.—ii.





 





The modesty of retired farmer No. 2 of

this series compels one to leave his name

and residence unmentioned. He is of the

military type; white moustache and goatee

and wears the grand army button, his

commission entitles him to be called cap-

tain. Like Cincinatus of old, he left the

plow for the battlefield, but instead of

fighting with the musket he was with the

engineering corps.



There may be some question as to

whether it is the retired soldier or the

retired farmer that this article relates to

but the facts may be read regardless of

this doubt. His skill early in the civil

war was manifested along the lines of

building roads and bridges, and he was

assigned to engineering work by discrim-

inating officers. A discriminating com-

munity recognizes this skill and unoffi-

cially but equally effectively the roads

and bridges show calculations based on

Kent or Trautwine rather than according





to the rules of guessing. From the grade1





of the roadbed to the location of farm

buildings in the community it was evi-

dent someone had exercised an influence.

The village was the center of a Grange,

the spirit of organization that c'ame from

a military training was manifest.

the centurion’s command to go and he

goeth, or to another come and he cometh,

but that friendliness of spirit from which

advice is sought and counsel given. When

there were bridges to be built the town-

ship authorities sought his advice, not

only for the public benefit but to witness

the surprise that came to bluff, glib—

tongued salesmen of iron bridges when

this venerable man would tell them more

about bridges than they ever knew. When

he pointed out to them the enormous

profit measured by the pounds of mate—

rial proposed the township was many

times saved from extortion. It might al-

so be said that this township was among

the first to put in artistic concrete

bridges of long span arches and as endur-

ing as time, under the competent leader—

ship of this retired farmer. ,

“'hen a new schoolhouse was to be

built. some of the school officials would

discuss the subjects of architecture and





ventilation. At the public service were

placed the latest ideas from building

journals. The same was true of farm





residences, not only from the standpoint

of architecture but with reference to lo-

cation and of safe distances in case of

fire. The roads, the bridges, public and

private buildings, all bear the impress of

a trained mind. Herevwas an example

where a community had the rare good

fortune to have a retired farmer imbued

with the spirit of helpfulness and what

was quite as remarkable, an appreciation

that was made manifest by utilizing that

acquired skill in material works.



One man, in commenting upon the dif-

ference between the social gatherings of

this community and of places he had

known elsewhere. was in this way. While

in his former location social gatherings

discussed the fraiiities of humanity,

commonly called gossip, here where so-

cial leadership existed the strong forces

of steel. concrete.

ture, etc. were the topics givenattention.



Shiawassee Co, 1.13. N._Mc-Bnmm.





warm room.





 





We wontevorr farmer lathe landto have

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“lore Potatoes”





Fromm-o tedmc and

fifogflem KEYSTONE

POTATO PLANTS has

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A. J. FLA“

BOX J





 





 





 





 

   





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659 FCL'RTH ovr





le. V3: :‘1 MPH” [NT G" at men Mum





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filillll All! GRASS SEED





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LOGS WANTED‘W 9:“



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BOOKLET





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wmo SEED 00., lo: 842. loch-platen. _O.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





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clover;





‘seed to clover again.





. in this.





   





 





A CORN FAILURE.





 





I had a. six-acre field of corn last year

which was a complete failure. I cut it

with a. binder and drew it in the bundle,

five loads from the six acres, and I figure

there were about ten bushels of nubbins

in each load. This field was rye plowed

under for beans. The rye was seeded to

the rye was pastured and the

clover catch was fine. The next year

about June 10, I plowed this heavy clover

under for potatoes. I also drilled 400 lbs.

of high-grade fertilizer in the row for

potatoes, (the potatoes were fair, consid-

ering the drought). This brings us to

last year when I plowed and planted the

field to corn, with the failure as noted

above. The seed corn was all right and

the stand was perfect, but when the. corn

plants were from four to eight inches in

height they began to lose their natural

green color and turned to a sort of a.

“pale, sickly red” color. \V‘hat was the

trouble? Does this denote an acid 5011?

Is there danger in plowing under too

much green manure? My soil is a sort

of gravclly loam. It has symptoms of

being leachy. I would add that I have

covered this field with manure by use of

spreader and intend to sow to oats and

Do you think a.

tongue truck is a valuable addition to a

seven-foot binder? Does the placing of

the team so far ahead of the binder add

to the draft or does the truck more than





offset it?

Hillsdale CO. L. W. M.





I should certainly be suspicious that

the soil was acid and the acid was caused

from plowing under a too large amount

of green, young, succulent clover in hot

weather at one time. One certainly does

have to be careful about adding a large

amount of green forage crop to the land

at one time, especially during hot weath-

er. It is always better to let this manur-

ing crop ripen and plow it under after

it is fully matured, than it is to plow it

under when it is green and succulent.

The ideal way to add vegetable matter

with the clover plant is to cut the first

crop for hay and let the second or after-

math grow and ripen on the ground, and

even to remain on the ground until spring

before it is plowed under. Then there is

practically no danger of the formation

of organic acid in the soil.



An instance of this character came un—

dcr my own observation of plowing down

a very thrifty growth of green rye, and

then planting the field to corn. This

corn was practically a failure and I at—

tributed it to the fact of so much green

matter being plowed down in hot weath—

er. It not only made the soil slightly acid

but the rye had pumped all of the mois—

ture out of the soil, and then when it

was plowed down, from that time on the

season was dry and the corn crop did not

have a sufficient amount of moisture to

carry it forward.



L. W. M. can ascertain readily whether

his soil is acid or not by the use of blue

litmus paper. In this particular instance

from the description given I am also in-

clined to think that the soil lacked

available nitrogen for the growth of the

corn plant. One might say that here is

that whole mass of clover plowed down

and it ought to contain nitrogen enough,

but it is a. question if the clover being

plowed down as young as it was had ac-

cumulated very much nitrogen in the

soil. The clover plant has to practically

mature before very large nodules appear

on the roots. By plowing the plant down

too young you do not get its nitrogen-

gathering power or effect, and owing to

the fact that the corn turned palish

green and in some instances yellow, it

would indicate that there was a lack of

sufficient available nitrogen in the soil.

The clover plant is very helpful in im-

proving the mechanial condition of the

soil, but its manural effect is rather slow.

One has to wait quite a. long time for this

mass of organic matter to become trans-

formed into humus and disintegrated by

means of bacteria so that the plant food

which it contains is available to plants.

Once let a. soil get into bad condition,

once overwork it. once use up closely

the accumulated available plant food and

it takes the clover plant quite a long

time to get it in proper condition again.

It willdo it after a.time, but the ques-

tion of time is nothing with nature. This

is nature’s way of improving the soil, but

nature cares nothing for the element time,

and the farmer is very much interested

He wants to get profitable crops

every year.



I think a. tongue truck for a grain bind-

e\'..is a good thing. They cost nothing

extra and once in a. while you want to

use one. If you have to move the binder

fer any considerable distance on the pub—

lic highway it is almost a. necessity.‘ If

the highway is piked up so that it is any

way rounding it is difl‘icult to move the

binder from one place to another without

«having the table drag on the ground.





 





By having the tongue truck you can





THE ' MicHrcAN airframes. 7





,move it then just’as well as you could a. .





wagon. The tongue truck is also very

handy in going through narrow . gates.

As a. matter of fact,~ I would very.much

dislike to buy a. binder that didn’t have

a. tongue 'truck. COLON C. LILLIE.



, .' p





,





BEST CORN FOR SILAGE.

Please state in the Michigan Farmer

what corn. makes the most silage. Last

year I planted the yellow dent, but that

don't get big enough,’ so I wish you would

tell me of some kind of corn that grows

larger. My silo is 12x30 ft. and I wish

that I could get some kind that would

fill it from 61/; acres. That is all the land

I have for it this year.

Kent Co. SUBSCRIBER»





Considering both quantity and quality

of ensilage, the best corn for cnsilage is

the variety of yellow dent that will prop—

crly mature in any given section. Of

course, you can got a southern variety of

ensilage corn which will grow abnormally

large for this northern country, and you

can get a. larger yield to the acre from

this kind of corn, but you will not have

as good ensilage and it probably will not

Contain as much dry matter per acre as

corn that will properly. mature here, but

you can get greater bulk.



Now there ought not to be any great

difficulty in filling a silo 12 feet in diam-

eter and 30 feet deep from 61;. acres of

land. That would make only about 10 or

12 tons to the acre, because ibis size silo

will have a capacity of 70 to 7:3 ions. If

the land is rich, and the seed corn good,

and it is given proper cultivation there

ought not to be any trouble to raise

enough to run the silo over lllO top, but

you can’t raise big corn on poor land.

You can’t raise big corn on» any land

that isn’t in good condition for com. If

the land isn’t in good condition you may

have an absolute failure of the corn

crop. .



There is nothing bclicr than a good

clover sod covered with good stable ma-

nure and plowed down for corn. Then, if

it is plowed early, well fitted, and good

seed corn used, and u drossing of fer-

tilizer used to give the corn a good start,

there ought not to be any trouble to fill

a silo of that size, and even a. larger one,

from that amount of ground. But, on the

other hand, if you haven’t got the clover

sod, or if it has not been heavily ma-

nured with stable manure, then the prob-

ability is that you will not have corn

enough to fill it. If the land is not rich

it must be made rich if you want to raise

a. big corn crop. if the land is not put in

good condition by proper plowing and“

proper fitting so as to give the corn a

good start, you will not get it under any

conditions. If you haven't got the clover

sod and haven’t got the manure, if you

will put the land in good condition by

proper working you can make this land





rich with commercial fertilizer and get

a big crop of corn. It is only a question

of applying a sufficient amount of fer-





tilizer and putting it on early enough to

get it dissolved in the soil moisture and

evenly mixed with the soil so that you

can get the benefit from it. The whole

proposition is up to you. If your land

isn’t already rich enough to grow a good

crop of corn, make it rich, and it will pay

you to do so because there is nothing in

the world so expensive to the farmer as

a poor crop. There is no chance to make

any money at all out of a. poor crop but

there is a chance to make some money

out of a good crop. Nine times out of ten

the poor crop of corn is the result of poor,

unfertile land, rather than the variety of

corn. With. the corn crop as with pigs,

the feed is more than half the breed.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





TREATING FENCE POSTS WITH

CREOSOTE.





 





 





I would like to know whether the coal

tar product of creosote 01' the wood creo—

sote is used in treating fence posts and

whether it is necessary to heat the prep-

oration.



I. M.





Saginaw Co.

The coal tar product is the one used





for treating posts and other wood to in—





crease its service in the ground. It must

be applied at a high temperature and

for some hours to be effective. The us-





ual method of treating is to have a metal

tank so arranged that its contents may

be heated with a fire below it, although

the process of treating has to date been

generally thought too expensive to make

it profitable for the ordinary farmer to

provide the needed equipment for the

work. When our more desirable varieties

of timber are no longer available, how-

ever, this treatment will increase the

durability of timber not well suited for

posts.





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





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Drills £~Seeders

Are the Leaders





(:7( .

0..) am: New





THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY

Downorac MAnurAcwsmoCo Domxomc Mme
q to feeding the wooly feeders.





 

 





512 * 1(4):-





LlVE STOCK





 





 





 





t

n





 





 





 





THE OUTLOOK FOR SHEEP.





 





The sheep feeder's bubble has “bust-

ed." Last year prices flew skyward and

as fast as they rose more farmers turned

Specula-

tion surely ran riot but, as the old story





has it, “all which goes up must come

down." While prices never will drop

where they were ten years’ back, they





have taken an awful tumble from the

high level of last year; and gloom in-

vades many sheep camps. .



The farmers who came to market last

year imbued with the desire to buy feed-

er sheep or lambs, feeder ewes or breed-

ing ewes now lament their investment and

many vow never to feed another “bleat-

er." They left cattle or hog feeding to

try sheep feeding; and, because they lost

in the game which was absolutely new

to them, they forget the losses they en-

countered in other stock feeding. Farm-

ers who bought breeding stock, now find

lambs selling low and often the new ewes

fail to breed satisfactorily, thus yielding

but a poor crop of lambs. It is a settled

fact that large operators who stock up

on breeding ewes extensively seldom turn

the deal to a profit. Their failures and

the failures of the new men who bought

up a larger herd of feeders, so discour—

aged the new operators that few will

again start feeding or breeding sheep.



The old experienced sheep men do not

regret this state of affairs for, during the

following season, prices for fat sheep and

lambs will therefore go higher. There is

no safety valve which prevents disaster

when numerous new operators jump into

sheep breeding or feeding; but if men

handle the business who are experienced,

good substantial profits result.



Many sheep men tremble when they

stop to speak of the tariff and their sheep

business. The reduction of the wool tar-

iff means lower prices for their wool and

such a condition appears deplorable.

However, the eastern farmer need not

fear the reduction of wool tariff as much

as the western sheep man. This reduc-



tion will drive out of business vast

droves of sheep in the dry sections of the

west, for there wool is the principal

source of profit and cheap wool means

failure. This depletion of the flocks of

the west would materially reduce the

amount of fat mutton which reaches the

market and therefore farmers would re-

ceive more for the fat mutton they have.



Good mutton is a desirable meat and

already has found great favor with the

American people. For this reason the

market will always demand a generous

supply of fat mutton, and the moment

the western supply of mutton is reduced

eastern farmers will receive higher prices

for their fat mutton.



No matter from what angle we look at

this sheep raising proposition on the

farm, profits appear wherever judgment

and common sense methods have been

pursued. All farmers will not make prof-

its from sheep but on a vast majority

of farms a small band of ewes would

yield 50 per cent on the investment.



The small farmer is just the farmer

who is in a position to handle the small

flock most successfully; for he can give

it his personal attention. To procure this

flock is the most important step; The

best plan to follow is to buy when some-

one else is anxious to sell. Stock up on

the slumps and sell on the bulges for

quick money. Buying breeding ewes now

looks to be an attractive Proposition and

any one with the feed and room on the

farm should buy up a few. In another

year we may look for higher prices; by

all means buy while the ewes are still

cheap. The westepn sheep man will have

few ewes for sale for some time so the

prices are sure to climb again.



As long as the American people see

mutton for sale they will buy and, as the

population increases there are more

mouths to buy for, more mutton will be

consumed. The mutton market will

weather all storms and sheep raising will

return a profit to most eastern and cen-

tral farmers.



There is little farm land too high-priced

to warrant keeping sheep thereon. A

good quality grade ewe flock, headed by

a high-class pure-bred ram is as much

a part of a well managed farm as a herd



of cows, sows or mares. In every aspect

the sheepman’s outlook appears of a

rosy hue.

Sum”.





 





".9,





WEANING THE PIGS. ~

. i

iAt the age of seven or eight weeks the

pigs will have learned to eat grain and

“rage and can very properly'be'weaned.

It is very important that the pigs be

kept growing at this time. Stunting would

mean that it would require a longer time

to finish the pigs for market, thus post-

poning the cash returns from them and

increasing the time in which the pigs

are susceptible to disease. It also is a

big waste of feed because the pigs are

eating and not growing. at least not

much, and all feed fed is wasted so far

as growth is concerned.



'When the sows are out on pasture they

will require some attention. They can-

not be cut off suddenly when on heavy

feed without injury to themselves. Two

things can be done to lessen this danger.

They are to reduce the feed of the sows

and to let the pigs suckle occasionally.



The sows had best be removed to a

pasture where the green feed is very

short or else put into a dry lot. This re-

duction of succulent feed has a strong

tendency to lessen the secretion of milk.

Then all slope and soft feed ought to be

cut out for the time being.



The pigs may be allowed to suckle

twice a day for a few days. Usually three

or four will be enough for this, but it

depends upon whether the sow appears

to be drying up or not. If at the end of

a few days the sow appears to be drying

up nicely, one nursing per day will be

sufficient, and after two or three days

this may be discontinued.



Extra care given the pigs at this time

will pay. A thick slop of shorts contain-

ing either 15 per cent of oil meal or eight

per cent of tankage is one of the best

feeds that can be supplied. Of course, if

skim-milk or buttermilk are available

there is nothing equal to them for pulling

the pigs through this trying period. It

happens that the pasture is often at its

poorest at the season when weaning is

done. Really this time is when the best

forage is needed.



The smaller and younger pigs need

special care at weaning time. If a big

bunch of pigs are allowed to run together

the smaller ones are sure to be trampled

and injured and kept away from their

just portion of the feed. To separate the

pigs into different lots according to size

will insure. an equal chance for all and

will enable a man to make good hogs of

what might have become runts had the

small ones been left with the older and

more vigorous porkers.



To supply plenty of fresh, pure water

is to do much toward insuring thrift at

this time. Good, pure water is essential

in keeping up a healthy bodily condition.

Stagnant water from pools is a very

common means of transmitting worms to

hogs.

given access to such places. If a wallow

is desired one that is comparatively sani-

tary should be provided.



Lice are to be watched for and if any

make their appearance an application of

crude oil or a dipping in crude oil or two

successive dippings in a coal tar dip will

rid the pigs of them. A nice shady place

where the pigs can lie in comfort during

the heat of the day and digest their food

is quite a factor in maintaining thrift.

Everything possible with the production

of quick and economical gains should be

done. The pig makes the cheapest gains

during the first part of his life and should

be pushed from the start.



Iowa. H. E. MCCAIRJENEY.





 





RAPE AND PEAS AS A HOG PAS-

TURE.





 





 





In looking over the Michigan Farmer

of March 11, I noticed an inquiry by S.

Sloan in regard to rape and peas as a

hog feed, and if not too late would like

to answer. '3



Why not sow both pieces to both rape

and peas? Sow the peas first and in

three or four days sow the rape and har-

row lightly. Sow about. 21,42 bushels of

peas per acre and three or four pounds

of rape. I should think your woodlot

pasture would be sufficient pasture until

the peas are just a. little too hard for

table use. With a movable hog fence

divide your field, fencing off about half

an acre. Turn in your hogs that you

wish to finish for market first. When

they get the peas about half eaten turn

them into the next lot and put your stock

hogs or sows with pigs in their place.

They will eat the remaining peas and

learn to eat rape also. Hogs will not eat

rape readily at first but will soon learn

to eat it. .



For several years I have sown peas and





HE MlcfilGRN muses. ’





For that reasn pigs should not be__





   





rape in, my hog lot and after the peas are

all eaten the rape will furnish green food .

until the ground freezes. I have never

lost any hogs or pigs from rape, or had

any pigs get sore or scurry. The peas

will give hogs a good start and a short

feeding on barley, ground and soaked for

12 hours before feeding, will put them on

the market before corn hogs come.



Last year, in addition to my hog lot I

sowed three acres of peas alone, to har--

vest for seed; also six acres with rape,

intending to hog down. I had about 40

hogs for early market, besides some sows

with young pigs. I pulled the three acres

with an old horse rake and put’ the peas

in the barn.



The fields with rape, when peas were

ripe, were a luxuriant green all over;

the rape having grown up through the

peas as they went down in ripening. Peas

were high last year, being worth more

than corn or barley and I thought I would

see what the old rake would do on this

field. To my surprise it did a better job

than on the field that had no rape, as the

rape held the peas up off from the ground

and the rake pulled them up without

damaging the rape. About one acre of

the field had considerable rag weed in it

and this I did not pull. From the eight

acres I threshed 60 bushels of peas.



The six-acre piece adjoined the wood

lot, and had a well so the hogs had

plenty of water in troughs. When the

hogs had eaten all the peas and rape they

could hold they went into the woods and

lay down. They made an excellent

growth. ‘



When the peas were gone my barley

was ready and the hogs were brought up

for finishing. There was considerable





rape left. I turned some young cattle and

colts in. They also had the run of the

woodlot. Later I turned in some lambs.





The hog lot near the house was re-

served for sows with young pigs. The

sows had house slop, milk and barley

meal. The little fellows ran through the

fence into an oat stubble and corn field,

and learned to eat corn by picking up

an occasional ear that had blown down.

Later the corn was put into a silo and

the pigs harvested the ears broken off by

the harvester.



I should think in your locality, Charle-

voix county, rape, peas, clover, barley

and hogs would be a pretty good com-

bination.





Lapeer Co. G. H. FORCE.





 





 





EXPERIENCE IN CATTLE FEEDING.





 





Several weeks ago I stated in an article

in the Michigan Farmer that I would

write some lines along the line of feeding

cattle upon Michigan farms and give

some facts and figures that I have kept

account of for the last four winters while

I have been feeding along this line.



I have never done any summer feeding,

that is. feeding grain on grass and sell-

ing in the fall, to any extent. Have done

all winter feeding for on an average of

probably five to six months and usually

selling about the'first of April.



Having had a set of good farm scales

adjoining my feed-lot, I have weighed

my cattle and hogs often while on feed

and kept an account of the gains and

number of pounds of grain the cattle

were eating and could also tell' how

many pounds the hogs were gaining from

what they got from the steers. Have

always fed unhusked corn for morning

and night feed and shelled corn and bay

for the noon feed. In doing this the

hogs get more benefit than if the corn

was all husked and ground.



In this article I give you the cost, gain

and selling price of 102 head of steers

that I have fed during the past four win-

ters. The steers were purchased on the

Chicago market by myself.



I find from adding up my figures on

these steers that on home weights they

made a total gain of 31,555 lbs. for 102

head, or an aggregate gain of main.

per head in 176 days, or 1% lbs. per head

daily; but the shrink in selling amounted

to 56 lbs. per head for the 102 head,

which brings the net gain down to 12-6

lbs. per head daily. ‘



I received $2,610.95 more for these

steers than they cost. Adding to this

$500 gain on hogs by following the steers,

makes $3,110.95. Now deducting 50 tons

of hay at $10 per ton, or $500, leaves

$2,610.95. The corn fed the 102 steers, an

average of 70 bu. of ear corn per head,

was 7,140 bu. This gives 86c per bu.

for ear corn fed steers for the past four

years.



Fully 100 acres of ground has been cov-





 





ered with manure from the steers alone.

I think this a very practical test for the





One Well llorse Can Do More

Work man No Sick Ones.





A natural food that strengthens "

and builds up is far better than any

kind of tonic or medicine for

animals, as wellas for men. Scion» .

tists have proved that this new food.

increases the value of feed, when '

mixed with it.





Buckeye Rodin: Molasses





is pure, cane sugar molasses. Read

what 9. Bottom team owner says. ‘

“I have twenty-two big heavy horses.

and have led them Buckeye Molasses for

three years. I formerly paid the voter-..

inary 860 r month—now he and I are.

strangers.‘ (Signed) JOHN FREER. .

Coal & Sol“! Coke. Detroit. Michigan.



Buckeye _Feeding Molasses. is '

relished by your horses and it will

keep their stomachs in perfect con-

dition, aid dj ion and besides

saying feed, wi lavoid colic, kidney

diseases, colds, etc.



For Cutler—Buckeye Feedi n g

Molasm helps make more milk,

and keeps your cows in good con—

dition. A- good fattener for beef

cattle.





For Sheep-‘Will keep your dock

healthy and well; adds weight and

makes finer wool and more of it.





For Hogs—Makes every hog [a

big holgi—no runts. Larger profits





in per

Our Free Trial Offer. ,

Send us this coupon today and

get our test proposition.

W: H. EDGAR £4 SON.

542 Lafayette Blvd., Detroit. Mich.





\





 





w. H. Edgar a son.



542 name Blvd.. Detroit. Mich.

I have .................. head of cattle...............

shoe .. ............. hogs ond...............hqrm.





Send me your trial proposition to Draw





that Buckeye Feeding Molasses will bene—

fit all of them.





Ngm ...................................R. F, D.........





P. 0.8lnte ..............





 





’SAVEITHE-HOCSEUSPAVMCum:





   





 





 





.





 





MAKES HIM GLAD AND PROUD

all ”II“ on right!"- Ilo Warming-gt.

new audio mw‘ymwlngwlfldherahfi.

Reading. Par-I mm an that you but the but :0de onlhe

mos-ht todnymnd for price it in I“ I penny too much. do not

kn )w how to express my glad feelings for you and the “Mutant.

u ituvod mo about on my

a dour: different remedies and by two of the but Merl

who pronounced the horn incurable. All uk what I did as e

is going sound.ud the first time in bdrm I wish you

see him. Everywhere I goon Penn Street or any place the people

stand and look “him—I um oo‘groud of him I don't know what

inch. 11.. loom-cyan qwtnboutothrumodlu.

but I'll luv. “ave-muons." i can hardly believe the cure

you mule and the we] treated me in my use. You must ox-

cuu Inc for writing o ellor of Appreciation like this. hale-n

hardly do otherwise with the I got now.



0. scsuimnmm 13.. No. 0!, North 0th Shoot.

: on o hottlonrith logol written gusrmtooor coutroetfiond

- for copy. booklet India to from bani-cu men and

trainers on every kind of cm. Permanently cures Spuin.



Thoroughpln. Bloch-no (except low), Curb, Splint. flopped

lionh'lnlpuflfihoe “Ll-lured Tendo- u-d Ill I‘M-Q... No

gear or loss of hair. Home work! a usual. Dealers“- m

Paid. mete-M0... Nun-ovoid Anal-Mun, I. Y





 





fifiTlB All/[161:5 ‘

l UNI. iHl’l'lXt’.





' .- yen-c ceprovoh'utho! —

dominant. 6mile): and nit absolutely

destroyed if youm ~





Cooper Dip





mmmpmummmhmm—

Wummdutnyc. mumm‘

and mpmquityotwool. Wt

Ream Madame-toll?“ L

onmnfllio mutually. amo- .

Car and the if you motion can

Prlomflg moo. 100mm 01.1 ,

at your at, writ * ..





”mm ‘%





._...__.__....._...





 





 





 

 

 

 

   





horse, which Ina mm with 3
V





use 6.19... ' ’ THE MICHIGAN: EfiRMER. - . 45> 513





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 





 





 





 





avarage farmer. This last fall steers - . , . ’ , - . _ . . . . . ,. .7 .. _ . , t .

were, pot-intoo bigntomeke- anyi‘money- - . . . . » _- » _ . f K“ . p _. , . j . _, g I, . ,1“, - , . , . w

bin .'.we muskaafiilhiféthlm3.10118 this um. . » - , ~ . . - _, -~ - 4 , 5. , . x3" . . . - EFFECTUAL . .

c ' . to keep up‘o'ur’pfarmsv‘ _ p f ,~- . .‘ ~ ~.._ --———-—_ ' .-- - ~ .2 1‘ ”A“ - - '. .

. The nefall‘c‘efiffiahiies‘(fasting‘0 the ‘0‘" . . ':_:::...————-’.. f.- ‘— ---—:=. " The most enamel-toned,“ “1.. to; _,

years’ leading are. as ' follows: 'Ifi’~\' / r ‘ ' ' "’ ' , W- the cure of ailmeius‘ot horses and cattle ll ,

“Loam. 1. ‘ . z ‘ > ‘ . ‘ ' _ a m , ' ' ' ‘ , ’

Sept: 1’2; '1907;."bt.' 20 Steers. Wt- ‘ a . I I ‘ "le . ,. ' GOMBAULT’S '





18.960-lbs; at 4%0- Total 008‘» _ » l \\ \gg ’ _ ,

including freight . . . ............. 5 881,20 ‘* _ W \ \\‘_:._1—' . __ CAUSTIC BALSAM

' ‘7‘. ' ' ‘





 

   

 

 

 

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





i ', 1908', ,shipped'to Buffalo, _ , , , . 3:

Niall; Stimson lbs. at 6c.... 1,206.40 . 4/ v L) _



2 steers, 2,140‘lbs. at 5140 ...... 112.39 ' ’5‘.) used as a Bus‘cr



I $1’368‘75 : I, / ‘ 25:1; _ _-.-_;_—::Z.??—:z:— ) 01' Lotion.



Freight, commission, etc ....... 58.41 / ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _



Net roceeds ................... $1,310.34 .. ‘



One psteer sold at home, 1,000 /



‘lbs. .......................... 36.32 J



T t 1 et roceeds ....... $1 346.66 ‘ l ‘ WHAT' Th N d



Fg‘sat gost p ..................... 887.20 "~ . . ey' ee





 





 





‘ I bi; . . .

'l _ Net gain ....................... :5 459.46 9 . Pdlntlng_ Agdm?

Load No. 2. .

Sept. 1, 1908, bt. 22 steers, wt. Let’s Buy





'19,140 lbs. at $4.20. Total cost,$





[w





This preferred remedy is prepared ex-





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





including freight -------------- 832‘59 clusively by]. E. Gombault, ex-Veterinar

Mar. 27’ 1909’ sold to Szhigyoerlbat Surgeon to the French Government Stu . \l

22 steers, 6. o 5-

Sfrxggrset’ ........................ 1,079,80 A! ‘ HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

First cost ..................... 832.59 3:12:3gbfiprnlnl, Sore Throat, 600., it

,_ . Every bottle of Can-tlc Balsam sold in

Net gain ...................... 3: ‘47-21 ~ Warranted to glvesattufaction. Price 81.50

R0 OF N per bottle. Sold by dru giant-l, or sent by ex-

Load NO. 3 . I press, charges paid. with ull directions for its

' ' use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

OCt. 5, 1909, b; 4%0" Slsegrls’ Wt' . o o nials. etc. Address

19.090 IbS- at 4- - ' 015‘ COS ’ It N d N P t mnwuncn-wuuuscoupuu Olavoluld Ohio.

including freight .............. $ 868.60 ee 8 ’0. am In » .’

. 1910, sold to shipper on . .

~ . Alhlomle’ scales, 20 steers, wt- 25,435 MATITE has a real mmeral surface; it needs no

lbs. at 61,4(3 ..................... $1,59023 Elaint to protect It. In raln and sun and SHOW and MINERAL

First cost -------------------- 868' 0 ail, Amatite takes care of itself. It needs no ,, x ..

. m coddlin ' there is no maintenance cost. You la it and , . "‘x. HEAVE

Net gain ....................... $ 1-2.33 1e e g: W “x E

av l % l); DY

L°ad N°: 4' ,t 21 _ The mineral surface is durable, permanent, absolutely I ., ' ’37 1W; REM

098t4-05’1b18910étbléb 2° rigifixls'cdst “L weatherproof, unaffected by climate, insoluble in water, '

eluding' freight ................ $1,124.76 not injured by smoke. . _ . NEGLECT

Mar 7 1011 sold in Buffalo, 20 Amatlte ls easy.to lay. No skilled labor is required.

‘ steers, Vivt.'2l,870 lbs. at $0.10..$1,517.07 You Simply unroll it on the roof, and nail it down With W

Expenses deducted ............. 60.58 118.113 which we supply to you. Cement the laps With the h." "a,“

~ W, j.“ ad eswe cement which we also supply free packed in the Send to any ~‘

If.“ pm???“ """"""""" lHZ’Efi,’ ce er of the roll. for only 83 PACKAGE

1‘ ”St “’5 """"""""""" _,;__'_ \Amatite costs no more than the kind of roofings that "WWW" ‘ , will cure any cdasg or

Net gain 5% 331.73 require constant painting. You get twice as much weight ”my” "“ e ‘

- SI PACKAGE

Load No, 5_ of roofing for your money as you do With other roofings. mm, mama”, cases,





Postpaid on receipt of

price. Agents Wanted.





 





Oct. 5 1910, bt. 20 steers, wt. 10,— Sample free on request. Address nearest office. 5":





 

 





 





 





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





‘ v-

5.60 at 5c. Total cost, including . . c . Lice Destroyer .CERTAIN. ., _, mm,"Mummmm,‘ ._I _ '

freight """"""""""""" é6$1,006.00 EverJet ElaStlc Palnt creonOld and Cow Spray 1 Mlnaral llom llmody 00., 483 fourth Ava. Plllsburz. Pl-

Mal'. 20» 1911’ 501d in Buffalo, I , , ' h' 1 ° Spray the hen house regularly with .

steers,.wt. 23,6001bs. at tic......$l,4lh.90 “3333,1113;ng 23,;Slrlgtgf; b31332? Creonoid to kill discasc germs, repel D m Sl h

Exl’enses 0f- shipping """"" 09.18 Elastic, heat-proof, durable. Use it for inscctcf, sfuppress'odorsgaud [zircverlt :33 ea l0 “'3 omac

~—f-— 1-0 {I s a d an . d ' a d wood. sprea o contagmu. .praye on ca. e ,

1 Net proceeds .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,356.22 0 mg n “pose "on n it keeps the files away. and the COWS . ' WOImS Guaranteed.

'First cost ..................... 1,006.00 thus protected produce more mflk- i w,,,,,,,,,,,, you ,00 m 0, 1m.

‘ —— HOLLAND’S MEDICATED STOCK

Net gain ....................... 350.22 BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY sum 0“ 50 dsyg' “131,1”ng

‘ New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland lll‘Glmld- If you derive notiona-

Nl Summary. Pittaburg Cincinnati Kansas City Minneapolis New Orleans :1", i‘ “"5“" W“ “0"”"8" .‘f yo“

0 it costs you $5.00. Give us

COSt' Sell. —Ba1' Seattle London, England your order at once.

20 steers. .$ 887.20 $1,346.66 5 409.46 The "01.1an 81‘0th REMEDY

22 steers... 832.59 1,579.80 747.21 , , comm“, Wellington, ohm.

20 steers. . 868,60 1,590.93 722.33 l

‘ 20 Steel‘s. . 1,124.76 1,456.49 331.73





Cures Strained, Pufl' Ankles,

Lymphangitis. Poll Ev l, Fistula,

Botls, Sores, Wire Cuts, Brutus,

Swellingsi‘meeness, and allays





fates-grim 13532 no??? Does the COWS





102 steers..$4,719.l5 $7,330.10 $2,610.95





. Recapitulation. '33

Total number of lbs. bought ...... 98,580 ’ "‘ l ap o

I ' ° 2





 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

   

   

   

 





 





{\vg. wt. of 102 steers, lbs ......... 124 Egg Pain 9!! c withoutBllstei-ing,

PM?“ numbel 9f lbs- 501d ---------- '9 , Cow comfort and cow sanitationresultln “lore , removmg the amorlaylng the horse

Avg. wt. of 102 steers sold, lbs. . .. 1,:19 cow profits. and that alone should induce any Before After 39h Pleasantto “.59- 32-00 per bottfle,

Total gain on 102 steers, lbs ------ 20,400 farrnerordalryman to seekthoseconditions.‘ e vered. Descrlbe your case or

. . . .,- q - . St IS 1].. Is , -l special instructions and Book 5 E free.

Avg. gam per steel. lbs ------------ ~03 L"““"“‘ ““‘l‘l‘y‘ 9? ‘li‘ ""?“.““"f " ABSORBINE,JR.,linimentformankina. For

'l‘olal numbcr of days feed. days“ 880 i0?“‘1‘)“bleufe.”ghm"ff “ltrlljal'f‘l” ““{11'_"‘l”'9 Strains Painful Knotted Swollen Veins, Milk Le .

Avg number of (lays on feed (la ,g 176 elfect ventilation. pel ct . sanitation—.1 lebult Gout. Price 5136 per bottle at dealers or delivere

‘ ~' . ‘ ’ 3 ‘ , mposmble with any Wooden equipment. Yet

Avg. gain per steer per day, lbs... 1 2-5 ‘ W.F.YOUNG.P.D.F..2§8Temple$t..SurlngfieldMass.

Agg- gain per steer per day on 13/ LOUDEN STALLS AND STANGHIUNS

ome weights, """""""""" 4 are actually chc'lper London stills of heavy

, l _ r( - I _ ( t ,

Jackson C0. CHA , LD MITH. tubular steel, with malleable fittings, have no T

S G0 S flatsurfildces foragiustatotncclmilllate-eilsy $011991) c CRAF ‘9

clean an 1111110 in esyruc )(3,

Considering the depletion of the ranges London stanchions give cows more comfort u res Cougfis

by the serious drought experienced last E113“) gimfiflalifiilggtKrogxi'v‘éri’t’eéillf‘i533? 11:12:; when all others tail. No remedy so sme in Distemper,

year, the supplies of cattle and sheep dog") when milking. 51mph, and very dunihle. Coughs ColdS. Pinkeye. influenza, Epizoolic, Etc,, in





 





[1233' sllteep ailid dogs. 30M on a money back



an ee. not at l d



get Three Valuable Heir-gr: §?okll°F‘lle?£?



W¥LLS MEDICINE COMPANY.

1 Third St... LaFayette. Indiana.





Latch easily opened or closed with gloved hand,

but can’t be opened by animal. Scull today

for free catalogue of sanitary. money-saving

barn equipment





LOUDEN MACHINERY 00.. 503 Broadway. Falrlleld. la.





now going to feeding sections are not too

large for meeting future wants.



The distillerics are doing their share in

fattening cattle for the market, and re-

ports come from Kentucky. that more

distillery cattle are on feed at the present

time than a year ago.



The Drovers' Journal points out in a

recent issue. that progressive farmers

should begin to raise more of their calvcs,

(is dependence upon western ranges for

Furnishing stock cattle for the corn belt

"armors must be given up shortly. Feed-





ers are commanding extremely high . . V1.9

prices, and silos point the way for eco— l ‘ oc Pom





 

   

 





 





 





nomical beef raising. The farmers who

have built silos and filled them in recent

years, feeding out the silage to cattle,

have found that it paid well. The agri-

cultural experiment station tests in feed-

ing silage have demonstrated that it is a

. more profitable feed in connection with,

#- corn and cottonseed meal. Recently the

Illinois station completed a silage feeding

test in which the value of silage as a

a supplemental,feed was clearly demon-

strated. Indiana, Iowa and Missouri col-

leges also have conducted successful test

feedings in recent years, and these should 0

" prove-an incentive to farmers in the gen- W

era] use of silage. The Drovers’ Journal





worms. Tones up the system, sharpens the ap-

petite, aids digestion, makes feed fatten quick— (9'





fore you notice it. They often kill and always , , . _ . .

1y. Puts animals in tip top condition. They very;





throw animals out of condition. These thieving





 





 





su ests that the farmer who will cross I . ., _ .

wefllg—bred milking Shorthorn, Angus or pests steal the fOOd that Should build “9 fat! fleSh .mulaa’. hkle bdl'lYet’ (Pat it eagfirly; goctort them a‘v‘lfih’do

Hereford cows with a pure_bred bull and and vitality—they steal the profits which should go se VES- romlnen StOC. men can 1 1“ love“

get his calves in the spring, allow them ’ into your pocket. There is away to stop thisloss. Th°G;::tg:£n:::?°y°r 51:34“: gesture 01‘ feed yard 3-11 the time. ”00.23%sfge39‘ x

to milk the cows until they are old . Kill and expel the worms with Sal-Vet the guar- . ea t 15- "a‘ 633;.» x '

enough to go on a good bluegrass pas- anteed worm remedy-and conditioner. Awonderfulprepared ‘ Mylambqwerp dying atthe rate ofone or twoeveryday- After 0' .‘V~§~‘,,\*y _.'

ture, and in the fall begin to feed corn 1 salt with several combined ingredients that gets rid of worms like L:§§lzntiflzd;§§ Eggzglig‘r’f‘fegmfa‘gu‘l‘gd if??? firrlsfiend ’9. $201; x"

silage. gradually firlllcrfeasllng dtheh ration ‘ maglc- It POSItWelY kms and expels all StomaCh and freemtesunal sheepwithoutSfll-Vet.”yJ.A.Biedert,R.F.DlT(l:lo.3:lil‘in‘dlayfiel'lll.u:¢‘:$;¢§49§~°o $9" ,

until they are on u ee , an t en gve ‘ \ o b j ,x



. them each day a little cottonseed meal, . Here is My Liberal Offer: Test Sal-Vet 60 Days Before You Pay «aggjtsi ,



‘ will turn Off within 15 to 20 months a f Jufitétdfill “it tlée'tcoupon. milieu: 1:11;; 11(1):; fiznlcrovhsagl gfcgficler ytbu have, and I’ll sexed youl enough Sal-Vet to feed them ‘ :Qéibiom x’ (x «9/

’ 8. es 1 on ours p. o . . . on ay meace «l. i ,f ,x ,"



drov}: tOft yearling $theeergxgverili§2 V?" 13113;; It‘ll‘ls weary and is wort ‘ many times its price. Send now. A day’s delay may coal;l ygdl a: viifiaii’figfiiifi‘i, Vet really"; (foggq°;o°° ,-’ ,x 9"" [9’0 /

mar 8 WW - 0 ma - ' ' nont- Prices: 4011) .. .25; 1 . - ‘é‘ ‘~" ’ " .

“baby beef’? is smaller .than many sup-. Sidney . F9", Pres., The S. R. Fell 00., M '. Cleveland,0. 200 imam.emain§13.oo;220'i’§.,1:3199'2 "’°.'§oe\9‘.9¢ 0°, o‘i‘o" on“ 0°"<6°V£'\

pose, and most stockmen have found it' 1,966932‘35‘9 ‘9 19' go‘- go“ 9004'





 

 





 





 





 





a, good paying business. N}
W . '

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. 8.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a tee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





 





Atrophy of Muscles.-—-—Some time ago a

slx-months-old colt ran-against a barbed

wire fence, cutting its breast open. For

a while the wound healed, but there ap-

pears to be a space that has not filled

out and I would like to know what can

be applied that will do it good. H. 8.,

Wayne, Mich.——Apply one part turpentine,

one part aqua ammonia and four parts

olive oil three times a week.



Ringbone.~—I have an old horse that is

troubled with ringbone; it causes him

considerable lameness; therefore, would

like to know what can be done for a case

of this kind. W. 3., Hamilton, Mich.——A

rlngbone situated low down on an old

horse is generally'lncurable; however,

benefit _will be derived by applying one

part red iodide of mercury and four parts

lard to bunch once a week or ten days—

or have him fired. Whoever treats him

should insist upon the horse having ab-

solute rest for at least- two months. ~



Grease Heel.- have watched the vet-

erinary department quite closely, but fail

to find treatment for my case. I have

a 12—year—old horse with a swollen leg

that oozes fluid. When this attack came

on him he showed considerable pain and

lameness, but it subsided in four days;

now the leg oozes a fluid and is swoolen.

Have followed line of treatment pre-

scribed by Our local Vet. but it fails to

help the horse. V. C., Cheboygan,

Mich—Your horse suffers from either

grease heel or lymphangitis. .Feed him

less grain and more well salted bran

mashes or roots to keep his bowels open.

Also give a tablespooniul of powdered

nitrate potash and a dessertspoonful of

Fowler's solution at a dose three times

a day for a few days, then discontinue

giving nitrate of potash, but continue

giving Fowler's solution. Also dissolve

1,; 1b. sugar lead, 3 ozs. sulphate zinc, 2

ozs. carbolic acid in a gallon of water

and wet swollen leg three or four times

a day.



W'eak Fetlock Joints—I have a two-

year-old colt that seems to be troubled

with weak i’etlock joints in front and

when traveling is inclined to stumble and

knuckle forward. Have applied different

kinds of liniment with rather poor re-

sults. A. K., Alto, Mich—Clip hair off

joints and apply cerate of cantharides

once a week; this ointment will blister

lightly and I fully believe you will get

fairly good results.



Leoucorhea.——I have a mare that has

leucorrhea; has been troubled since breed-

ing her last season. She did not get with

foal and I am thinking of breeding her

again, but have my doubts about her get-

ting with foal, until cured. 'W. VV., Sun-

field. Mich.——Your mare will not get with

foal if she suffers from chronic leucorr-

hea. Dissolve 1 dr. permanganate potash

in a gallon of water and wash out vagina

daily until she gets well. Give her 1 oz.

bicarbonate soda at a dose in feed three

times a day.



Diseased Udder.—~I have a cow that

gives very little milk from one quarter of

udder. This quarter of the udder does

not seem to fill with milk. This cow was

all right last year, until allowed to go

dry. D. S., Montague, Mich..~Apply one

part iodine and two parts vaseline to ud-

der once a day.



Bruised Thigh—Fistula.——I have been a

subscriber for many years and have nev-

er found it necessary to write before—~

can usually obtain necessary information

from veterinary columns. One Year ago

last February my two—year—old colt was

kicked on thigh, since then his leg has

been in a suppurating condition. Local

Vets have treated him for some time; a

pipe formed in sore which we succeeded

in sloughing out. C. E. S., Mason, Mich.

—It is possible that the bone has become

diseased or there may be a splinter of

bone loose; if so it. should be removed

and the diseased bone scraped. Apply

one part ca‘rbolic acid, two parts glycer—

ine and 30 parts water twice a day.



indigestion.~—I have a Holstein cow

seven years old that will come fresh next

September. She is troubled with bloating

and is inclined to become costive. These

sick spells come on her periodically. H.

A. l”., Ionia, Mich—Give her 1/2 oz.

ground gentian, 1 oz. ground ginger and

2 07.5. powdered charcoal at a dose two or

three times a day.



Acidity of Stomach—My cows all seem

to have a desire, or rather a mania, for

chewing boards. rails and sticks of all

kinds. They even destroyed my gates.

Is there anything I can do for them?

G. S., Romulus, Mich—Give each of the

cows 1/2 oz. ground gentian. 1 oz. ground

ginger and 2 ozs. powdered wood char-

coal at a dose in feed two or three times

a day for two weeks.



Enlarged Glands—I have a cow that

has a loose flabby bunch situated on right

jaw bone and under her neck there is a

lump about the size of a man's fist and

I would like to know if her milk is fit

for use. J. W. S., Wheeler, Mich.——-I

know of no reason why her milk should

not be fit for use. The flabby bunch you

speak of is perhaps an enlarged gland

which is perhaps the result of a blow.

Apply tincture of iodine once a day for

ten days or two weeks.



(Continued on page 527).





 





 





 





 





PAYS





MORE MONEY





GIVES_





MORE SATISFACTION.





no STOCK CAN mmvmr PESTERED

wm1 11c:,r1cns,mr:s, FLEAS,

SCAB,MANGE,AND omen sum,

‘ 0155115155. 1

'To CLEAN our THESE ‘

PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST

conmemus DISEASES,

‘CLEANSE,PURIFY, AND

DEODORIZE.USE l.





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 

 





 

 

 





BETTER THAN OTHERSJECAOSEJT is





STAN DARDIZED.

UNIFORM,DEPENDABLEEFFICIENT. ONE

6AM" OF KRESO DIP NOJ MAKES 60

T0 “30 GALLONS 0F SOLUTION(DEPEND|NG

UPON WHAT USE l5 TO BE MADEOF ll’.)‘





A REAL‘ NECESSITY ABOUT

HORSES.CATTLE.SHEEP.SWINE,

DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.





FOR SALE. BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

WRITE FOR FREE CIRCULARS. ASK FOR LIMIT

DESCRIBING A NEW. CEMENT HOG WALLOW IF You

ARE lNTKRESTEDn





PARKE DAVl581CQ h, ‘





 

   

   

   

   

 





   





 





End Roof Expense

. Forever! ‘





 





You will not have roof repair bills to worry

you after you put Edwards Interlocking Rec

Steel Shingles on your house, bars or farm

buil d.ings You are protected from fire, light-

ning. looks or root decay.





Bond. gnu-1m nice



against ll‘htnlng with a.

stout lnterloc lng device pro-

prevents rusting and looking

at tho :ointo.





Edwards“liEO"Sicel Shingles





FA CTOBY PRICES— WE PAY THE

FREIGHT. Aowo are the largest meheuof iron

and steel roofing material, we are In a position

to “”3. you the very lowest prices with Milt

propel





Write for New Free Catalog No. 587

which is full of valuable roofing information.

Send us the dimensions of {our roofs and we will

fin note you the low cost 0 uRco Stool Shin lo



not delivered to vour railroad station. Ask or

our Special introductory oilor to represent no in

your community.





THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING co.

SIT-5671.915: Sh. Cincinnati. Ohio 146)





NEWTON’S H EAVE

COUCH. DISTEIPII c u R E





‘AND INDIGES'I'ION





 





 





 





 





The Standard Ve Rem

‘ mStrong nnd Wllllng Wor .

CURES HEAVES BY CORRECTING THE CAUSE

which in] mi Sen dot rbookiot Horse Troub-

fibout the Win 8





leis." lain: l'ull ’lhr

and 31.11.53 wtoni‘c mtotorooltfi'dnltgfil'mrema tool





.1 00 n con no dealers. or express r Enid

o e

can summon umroo .TJ’oqpao





 





Till-IMAM ANDOIIIO





A, Live Stock Insurance Co.“





ORGAIIZED in 18811.

Paid-up Capital 5200. 000.00.





Insutoc horses. mules and cattle against (103me

any oouoo. Special 81-day toolingpollo loo hood.





' Write tod'oylor full lolonnntlon.





Iona Officc 130 Main St, Oncinrdsvlllc, Ind.





Percheron, Belgian, Shire and

Hackney Stallions and More:





Aslflno otss thorolsin America ,atol 0 0]

with lots of “Human andb good individuals. $331.13;





”Pullman"! 8min 01.000 to c1. 200-

r 088 on In 0”. .

coco to 0900.





ed Stallions.

cations to arrive Feb.18 and March lot.

LEW W COCHBAN. Crow! wtocdnlllo. Ind.

Office 109% South Washington St.





Belgian, Percheron and Shire

Stallion: and Brood Nam





40 head of orize-winnners

to arrive March Plenty

of mares in foal. r-

antee with each animal.





Prices reasonable.





LOESER ”08.. m5.

Dept. I. ngonlor. Ind.





BELGIAN HORSES 3.13:3 1‘32};

thflfllchlgnn





Horses write H. II. JUMP.M





PIGS FOR SALE.





I keep about 2400 cholera proof brood

sows and am selling fine grade





Yorkshire, Poland-China, Duroc and

Tamworth Weanod Pigs at $3 ouch.





ALVAH BROWN’S PIG FARM.





 





 





 





 





'GRAND RAPIDS. . - MICH.



I. O. ILOOO, rm.’:.:.':.°{'1.t‘-and llvc Stock“. Indium.

or



ARTHUR 8. WILCOX. Jerome Michigan.



LIVE STOCK and REA'L ESTATbAucfinnoor



warm r011 DATES AND TERMS. -





 





EGGS FOR HATCHIN "611?.‘313‘11’3‘1‘5





White and Colombian, White Hollnn Turkeys. and

White Guineas. Z. KINN E. Three Oaks. Mlc h.





KITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS—Fiche] strain. Good

winter layers. gall) cents each; .pe50 r:50 $6

per 100. Bruce W. Brown, R. No. 3.Mayville. rMich.





BREEDEIIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd. consisting of Trojan Erica. Blackbirds and

Pridee, onwly. ls hendodb yE sh rojan Erica,

by BlackW lawn. sire of t e Grand am ionstoe

and bull at the International In Chi icago, ..



Ho is assisted by Undulntn Blackbird Ito.

. . WOODCOTE STOCKF ARM. Ionla. men.





—A few choice young re istered

cuern‘fi!’ males for sale. Tugorculin

tested. BALLA 3808.. 8. 4,Nileo. Michigan.





Guernsey nu“ Ca" For Sale—Nicely 111!”ng





of breeding. WILL W. FISHER, Wotorv let. Mich.





TOP NOTCH HOLSTEINS





thoto registuody young Holstein Bulls com-

blni i O l be blood of cows which now

hol d“a md‘hoggnlrtlepm hold World' a Record.

milk and butter M oi: fol awrioes

MCPHERSON FAR S 60.. Howell. flick.





Holstein Ill-lesion OCclfle—Bgtimfifa‘e‘ifi

nry Mercedes. W. 0m Onk Grove. Michigan.





 





 





 





"0'8“. Ban". 6 months old. dam and sire' o two dams

ll 25 is. be. butter and 47611....11

milk In 7 ‘57:.” OBARTW. FAY, Eden. Mich.

OLS'I'EIN BULLS—l two your: old. the Admiral Prilly

Walker No. 42M2:dom Kohko Hengervold Do Kol No. 48390;

1 nine months old. sire Sir Korndyko Piottjo Heugervold

No. 65929; dam Nora Ink: Korndyke No. 109766. I 8 months

old. sire Johanna Concordia Champion No. 6061b; dam Corn

Burk Do Kol No. 112542. The above are 3 of the butbnllc over

offered for ule in the Mich. Former. L. E. Council. Fayette, 0.





”E K“!- Bun CW ho xmLIndigldnolit





COLE Bso'rmms. Ypsilanti mm. 1111.11.11.11. mci’t'

For Sale—Prom

o.





IIOIS'I'EIN BULL CAI. 1......





Sire has 75% of the blood of the sire of Grace Fay no

2nd' 9 Homestead. E. COL LIEB" Fowlervillo. Mich.





"0'3“. 0 ll —Cowswlt.h o11.12dam 311115-le .dams



III II 3 and He rvold De Kol as g. sire.

rize for less than can. loo 3 more at bargain prices.

NG BEACH FARM. Augusta. Kalamazoo Co. . Mic h.





Pegasus m





it). 341:?





Dairy Bred ‘0‘" ”#1121“...





“ouhagoodnoh. JHBEunmel. Macon.‘





 





SHORTHOBIIS and POLLEO ROMS. oil‘sfx‘ffi‘.’

nDoGABMO .Highlnnd. Michigan.





 





 





SHEEP.





Hampshire... E“

divldunlo. C. D. 00331181. Lansing.





Oxford-Down Sheep “1.2.1153“

cattle for sole. J. A. I): GARMO. Muir. Mich.





4‘”an Y I'll Field

Oxford Down Shogun. °‘ 0....“5'1 .11....

tor-ole. I. B. WATE RY mHighland. Michigan.

‘ 11111 «111 9100 ewes.amo them

Reg. Rmbo eh all 3; my youngesta ”h

also 5 ewe and ram lambs. LiveJ 2% miles

Mon-loo on 6.13.0311. AddresSJ.Q 0K~





SHROPSHIRE HALL STOOK FARM





Has for solo. twenty-five choice bred yearling owns.

stash low pr tow good three and four your-





1.3.11111'11111 a 8m. Ocmrd. 111.111...





H005.

Boers & Gilts





Home: l. Vicioriasfi'gfi'éh’ 52.1.3511. rise

Winners. M. T. THEY mLowelftm Michigan.

BOTNSIIITBs—Ten gilt. broll to the wonderful Mg;





Pontiac Chief to tan-row in April or

No better breeding. C. 3 Bartlett. Pontiac. Mic





FOR. SALE'JI‘iflI goality talk-0391*-





June Bred to the excellent young boar. Premier

Bacon 4th. Rougemont Forms, Detroit. Michigln





f M rah o A rll:

2:00". o Choloop ln~

Michigan.





 





 





BERKSHIRE Yearlinfisow bred for July farrow.

also two full Gilts an choice lot. of Much furrow-





od.(Pigs eith. sex. )A ..A Pattulio, Deckervllle. Mich.





ADAMS BROS” Idlchficld. Mich” breeders of Imp. (hector

White and Tomworth swine. service boars. low-broiler

open. of either breed. Shorthorn Cattle. Buflllock. Bull'W

doth, W. Orpingcon, Chic.





DUROG-JEll‘EYS’iiii“1 iii! I33“.





sale. CAREY U. EDMONDB. Hastings,M chi gun.





m '

oll brooding stock leading winner-





 





 





For Sale—A few sows bred for

”at“ Jerse s sunhmer harrowing and Spring

pigs both sex. . A. RAY, Okemos, Michigan





 





DUROC HRSEstll‘fin‘inv'ghos‘tTfii-é

farrowed Sept.22,1910, wei hin about 200 lbs. each

at. right prices. ORLOL B ON. Quincy, Mich.





DUR0051§03m£¥Zi£$ yguflmm'iego

7J5 Fall Pi both sex. Writoo come nndoee

J. 0.1; AfivEY. COLDWATER. MICHIGAN.





lluroc Jcrsa Brod Saws-1. Sex-goo Boar.

“-50 :m ”I 50’ J‘ H BANGpIfiR'II‘B'P Lm Rock mefiégigg





 





 





service, orders taken for sows bred for spring for-





 





 





Bhonhorn '





IMPROVED CHESTERS-Ynung boars ready for





l

1





row. Also Holstein Bull Calves of thebest. bestof roed- ,

ing. W’. .LWI LSON. Okemoc. Mich. Both. Phones. 1

. Soil ages. Bows brad.

o. I. Co “0 SMuIecwe “ml“.

and more. II. E. JU . Munich. Mio ignn.

9 ——Best uolity. lar rowt



o. 10 C S For sale type, “either 59:86 an hJ'_

akin. some fine bred llts, choice lot of 1' plum 311‘





B LZE E. Nashville. Michigan.





 





ages. OTTO B.

from





——Bred gilte, males Pweighln

O. I.C.SWIII81.,0 25013.] Price and tr 8

right. Geo. P. Andrews. Dansvlllo.1ngham 00.. Mio





 





0 l C —March gigs with quality and best

€11. ees. Order now and get. first choi

C. J. HOMPSON. Rockford, Mchlgan.





 





o ' cs Brod sowsnll sold. ”choice Mar. dA ri~l

. farrowed pi eithereex pairs not skin





I

in buyers name. FrodglickelJl 8.No 1, Monroe, Mich





 





booki

Botarrow. hi

DELL sass 55951.11 Midfiré'l'izi}





and also

orders for.

HARRY





strain both males and females. Get in prieem before

you buy. Wi ill stor free of charge I:

name. A. J GO DEN. ..No 2. Don. in sing...





GREAT POLAND-CHINA HOG SALE.





JANUARY 2011..

60 cows bred for spring furrow. If yen want file when!

attend my sale as I have the best in the state.





was. WAFFLE, couwam, “1.1.1....

Butler's Famous Wonders-.21; :32. am:





Chin“. Best by every test 20 tfall boars eready for

finalise. weighingAu‘p $3 230 ibis ll i252? l the



co eroey 11 co so i6 h red.

J. c. BUTfER. v m ’b





 





 





 





HOBTEll-FRIESIII $ifii’2.fi$§.‘i§fi‘u{°mh'l‘“fii

(3st E. [LOO LL. Howell. Michigan.





' —P. C. Boats ready for servi fall

Bargalfls boarxgi f8. Prize win A)?

a Embden Gee-o. Z. NE. Throe‘ ‘01:.th Mil-oil:an





 





SALE—Hal t. i B 11 2 e rs old 815. Bull

on t Egon u 8501.03 . Bredhoiters

31mm to rPhotos and

Pedigrees. W C. Jackson. 715 Box 81:. South Bend. Ind.





FOR SALE’OSO‘. Taifiu‘iYSPm‘Li’fi‘ifi





producing stock. 0. A. BRISTOL, Fonton. Michigan.





HEREFORDS‘EO“..’12‘°‘II$ $212235





Chino hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.

LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS;





Video Signal St. L. No. 58197.



am Inlllsgdublloo’o Foxh No. 82299.

Bull calves sired byth entree tbul and out of

splendid 'dniry cows. many of t em in test. for register

of 1:10.11 no u tow boilers and hotter calves for

sale. Write for descriptifon dead prices. Satisfaction



teed or mono re un ed



”30“ Lociv LILyLIE, Coopersvlllo. mchlgan.





BUTTER BRED JERSEYS BULLS





YSTAL SPRING 8"! 00%“?!

CBCIOGK.A1 Ann“ Count?-





RED JERSEYS For Sale-Some combin-

REglICBEhL; blood of St. Louis and Chicago World's

nerhompiono by HERMAN HARMS. Reese. Mi oh.





”-111.53”...





11.11.11.» oi Merit Jerseys. 5.2% “1°13;





Into!





bulls from don-owl

of“ WWW! gm'mm





 





Poiand-Chinas‘fiiinfi Eris: that f





B. M. WING & SON, Sheridan. Michigan.

Pol.ANll-CII.NAS‘£‘JL”‘“' .. cm

s

L. W Barnes & Son. Byron. S‘higlgaseaelomd'o. Mireilt:





POLAND-CHINAS~Em o o k if n 5





spring pigs. WOOD & SONS. Saline. fileh‘gan.r





 





 





POLAND-CHINAS'EE $23.2 X ‘6:

choice In“ boars. R. J. LANE. No.7 .Clnro, Mich.





 





BIG TYPE POLAND CHINA BOABS, also mfall and



early springrf‘igs. B. P. Rook eggs 31.001111: 16.

NEVE, Platoon. Michigan.



LARGE TYPE P. C. toLurfioots in iMich. Sept. & Oct.





b0 d 1 1 rgost 1 gm... “”130“... “"5"

are an rom 11 we n mo

and be convinced. .3. 111$





Livingston, Purina.



FOR SALE SEE? YORKSHIRE PIGS.

Both sexes. Price reasonable.



lllRlllI-WITERNII OO.. All ARBOR, IlOll.



Lillie Farmstead YloanISIlIreS;§e;l "all





 





 





 





0 Iodgoblood rodom Large]!



”Igloo bouts. Peta-Mm tries. not nikinw Gill-

ocuctvloo. lotto grin



Aw (aroma '9 I





0.1mm WW“





guaranteed. CO





 





O. I. O. BE'lelNE‘Myn “"21. lie°i‘.‘§y'.ri'





i

1





l





O. I cg—Fsll piggtoithlor sex and one Juno 1





Portland. Mich. Bell Phone. I





l
‘ ‘ MEAY 6:. tan.





‘ glue,





\ . .

u. . *

_ I

/





Handling Young Geese.





C. E. D., Vassar, Mich.:.—Ordinary hens

are quite commonly used for hatching

geese. However, they are not generally

regarded a success as brooders, the prac-

tice being to take the goslings from the

hens immediately after hatching. For

the first 24 to 48 hours they are kept in

a dry warm place without feeding. The

first meal may be of tender young grass

alone or a mixture of grass with corn

meal and shorts. At this time they may

be placed in a small enclosure covering

a good grass plot. A movable pen made

of 12-inch boards set on edge will do

nicely as it can be moved to provide

fresh grass each day, but protection from

cold and storms should be given until

they are several weeks old. During this

time the corn meal and shorts will an-

swer for grain food, or cracked wheat or

barley may be given. Vi'hen about two

weeks old they should have a larger run

where an abundance of good grass is ob-

tainable. At this age they may be given

access to a body of water if the weather

is good and warm. If it seems desirable

to give them unlimited range this may

be done when they have reached the

age of four or five weeks,





 





 





after which 1





they will thrive on grass and one meal.





per- dayeof meal

barley. It is well to continue feeding, a.

small ration at least, throughout the sea-

son to keep them familiar with their

attendant and tame enough so they will

come when you call them.

Combating Lice.



‘ D. 8., Monroe Co.:——To rid fowls of lice

secure a supply of one of the lice de-

stroyers which have been advertised in

these columns during recent months. Ef-

fective preparations, both in powder and

liquid form, are now on the market and

at tins season there is not the danger or

difficulty in using the liquid form that

there is in severe weather. Or you can

make up agood powder by mixing 3

parts gasoline with 1 part crude carbolic

acid. and adding as much plaster of paris

as the mixture will moisten. This makes





a. pinkinsh-brown powder having the

Odor of carbolic acid. If you choose a

liquid preparation, dip the fowis in it





according to directions accompanying the

preparation. If a powder, handle the

fowls- by the legs and sift the. powder

down through the feathers, taking care

to work it down to the skin on all parts

of the body. A week later repeat the

application to catch the lice that may

hatch in the meantime.



The material used in preparing nests

for sitting hens should be fresh and

clean. If the poultry house and the nests

used by the layers are infested with lice

the sitting hens must be placed in some

other building; otherwise you will have

great difficulty in preventing the condi-

tions which obtained in the nest you de-

scribe. Do not set a hen unless you are

reasonably sure she is free from the

pests, and even then give her a thorough

dusting with insect powder before plac-

ing her upon the eggs. Also provide a

box -of road dust or ashes in which the

sitting hens may dust themselves when—

ever they get off the nests.





Whitewashing the interior of the poul—

try house will not. rid it of lice unless a.

little carboiic acid is added to the wash.

The so-calied government whitewash is

the most satisfactory preparation,





lime in warm water, keeping it covered

to retain the steam. Strain the liquid

through a fine sieve.‘ Add a. peck of salt,

previously dissolved in warm water; 3

lbs. of rice, ground and boiled to a thin

paste; lé lb. of Spanish whiting; 1 lb. of

previously dissolved over a slow

fire; 5 gals of hot water. Stir well, cover

to keep out dirt and let it stand for five

days. If desired to use as a disinfectant

add 2 pts. of carbolic acid. Heat the

preparation before using and apply while

hot with a good-sized brush, taking care

to cover every bit of surface and to fill

,all cracks and crevices with it. Burn

the old nesting material and paint the

nest boxes, inside and outside, with the

whitewash: If something simpler than

the above preparation seems desirable

paint or spray the interior of house with

a mixture of 1 gal. of kerosene and 1 lb.

crude carbolic acid, repeating the ap-

plication about once a month through-

out the summer. .





or of whole wheat or





 





since ,

it does not rub off, like ordinary white-

wash. To make it, slake a half bushel of ‘





 





on.ur.ss mi... pAN4A.ce-A





Makes, Poultry Keeping Pay . '





No doubt of it! Thousands who began in a humble way, with a few hens and "The Dr. Hess Idea”

of feeding, are to-day making good money from poultry.

‘Why? Because Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. has put the business on an economical (mm. It has elim-





inated (only food waste and brought about brofitable food consumption.

mg the hen’s digertirve pracerr so that the greater part of the food she cats is actually converted into flesh and





eggs instead of passing off as waste matter.

Experience has abundantly proved that the use of





DB. mass Pouliry PAN-A-OE-A





It has done this by strengthen-





/





in small daily doses in the soft feed (a. penny’s worth feeds 30 fowls one day) does, and will, vastly increase the produc-'

tion of eggs. It makes young chicks grow fast. It helps hens through the mouiting period. It fats old hens or young

cockerels for market in a short time and it prevents many common poultry ailments—all because it gives strong digestion





and a sound body.





do what we claim, your dealer will refund your money.





ration, well digested, is better than the best ration poorly digested”——this

is "The Dr. Hess Idea.” of feeding which is making poultry keeping





\ a successful business.





Sold on a written guarantee—if Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce—a doesn’t

Remember—“a poor





1% lbs. 25c; mall or express 40c: 5 lbs. 00c; 12 lbs. $1.25}





25 lb. pull $2.50.





Except in Canada and Extreme West and South.





DR. HESS a. CLARK, Ashland, Ohio.

Send 2c. for Dr. Hess 'i8-page Poultry Book Free.





DB Htsssrocxrou





is guaranteed. That means it must and will make your milch cow

give more milk, your fatting steer, hog or sheep do better, and your horse





show finer condition or you get your money back. No live stock owner can afford to be without Dr. Hess Stock Food.





Feed twice a day in small doses.





Sold on a written guarantee.





100 lbs. $5.00; 25 lb. pal! $1.60. Except in Canada and extreme West and South.





Smaller quantities at a slight advance.





Send 2:. for Dr. Hess Stock Book Free.,





 





 





 





 





 





Haven't the money to buy!



You don’t need money.



Here is a wonderful opportunity.



The Panhandle of Texas needs set-

tiers.



It is the country along the Santa Fe,

in the northwestern part of Texas.



The land is level prairie. It is the





cars it furnished the fin-

est pasture. ow it is too valuable for

range purposes. The owners are selling

it for general farming.



1 want to tell you about the opporo

tunities for settlers on these Panhandle

lands. (The Santa Fe has no land to

sell.) _



I know one owner who will sell you

a farm for only $20 an acre. You

don’t have to pay a cent for two years.

After that you pay one-seventh each

year, with interest at 6 per cent from

date of purchase.



But you must live on and

the soil.

Have

like that



Another .proposition, at the same

grice, requires $2 an acre down, the

alance in ten equal payments, with in-

terest at only 6 per cent.





fertile. For





cultivate





you ever heard of a proposition





 





 





original residual soil—deep, rich and .





 





These are but two of the many op-

portunities 0 en to real homeseekers in

the Panhand e.





Owners of these lands will not sell to





speculators. The land must go to ac-

tual settlers. The want to see the

country built up. ‘hey want the crops

coming into their towns and the trade

of prosperous farmers who are owners

of the land they farm.



The Santa Fe, too, is anxious to see

the country developed. It wants to

haul the people and their goods and

products.





_The count is in splendid condition

this spring. early 3 inches of rain in

February. Everything ready for you.





Let me send you our folder, “ The

Panhandle and South Plains.” It tells

all about this country—its soil, cii-

mate, rainfall, water supply and crops.

Let me put you in touch with the men

who own the land. Let me tell you

about the opportunity the Santa Fe

affords twice a month to go and see this

land at reduced rates.



Don't wait. Make the break.



Write me to-night, if only a postal.



You will be glad.





C. L. Sucnvss, Gen. Colonization Agt..

A. T. 81 S. F. Ry.,

2213 Railway Exchange. Chicago.





 





 





 





:—





 





 





 





ll





 





t7 LE





 





 





 





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THOROUGHBRED S. 0. BROWN LEGHORN F. gs

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prices an

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' DOGS.





photos of my birds.





 





 





 





foxhounds and hound pups for hunting





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CU WRITE W. J. ROSS. Rochester. Michigan.

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of the finest breeding. and from stock workers.
516 (o ,, f ;2





The Meow: . Farmer





I .





aflascmmp 1m;





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M. J. LAWRENCE"... ..

M. L. LAW RENOE.... ..





 





President.

. ..Vioe-Preeident.





 





 





E. E. HOUGHTON ....... ....................Seo.-Trenl.

I. R. WATERBUBY.... ......................



0. E. YOUNG................................. Aeeooi

BURT WEB ......... ...



ALTA LAWSON LITTELL...





 





 





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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

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Three Years, 156 Copies, Postpaid . . . . . . . .M

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Canadian subscription: so cents I you exit- to: pouch





Alveyl send money by draft. pin-tones money order,

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gan pocto





 





 





 





 





COPYRIGHT [9" ~

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against. reprinting-any portion of the content-of

this issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately

upon expiration of time cubocrlbed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brought agalnot

any Iubseriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice is sent to us, before cult

is started.



Avoid further trouble by refuting

to subscribe for any farm paper

which doe. not print, in each leeue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription. ‘



The Lawrence. Pub. 60.,



Detroit, Mich.





DETROIT. MAY 6. l9".





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In a speech made ate.

dinner party given last

week by the Newspa-

per Publishers’ Asso-

ciation in New York, President Taft

spoke at length of the Canadian reciproc-

ity treaty. We regret that space will not

permit the reproduction of his speech in

full, since it was essentially directed to

the farmers 0E8 the country, who are so

unanimously opposed to the reciprocity

program. In opening his address Presi-

dent Taft deplored attempts to amend the

bill so as to give a measure of free trade

in other than agricultural products and

pointed out the dangers which might re-

sult in our trade relations with other

countries from such a step. In an at-

tempt to justify the terms of the agree-

ment, in so far as they effect the farm-

ers of the country, he continued:





"More than this, these proposed gratui-

tous concessions are in the nature of an

admission that in some way or other we

have done an injury to a particular class

by this Canadian reciprocity agreement.





Some Reciprocity

Admissions.





I deny it. It is said that it injures the

farmers. I deny it. It is strictly in ac-

cordance with the protective principle





that we should only have a protective

tariff between us and countries in which

the conditions are so dissimilar as to

make a difference in the cost of produc-

tion. Now it is known of all men that

the general conditions that prevail in

Canada are the same as those which ob-

tain in the United States in the matter of

agricultural products. Indeed, if there

is any advantage, the advantage is large-

ly on the side of the United States, be-

cause we have much greater variety of

product in view of the varieties of our

climate than they can have in Canada.



“\Ve raise cotton as no other country

does; of course, they raise none 1n Can-



a.

ad“\Ve raise corn, and hogs and cattle fed

on corn, and with the exception of a very

small part of the acreage of Canada, in

Ontario, it is not possible to raise corn

at all in the dominion.



“With respect to wheat and barley and

oats. conditions differ in different parts

of Canada, and in different parts of the

United States. Ciassing them together.

as on the whole. the conditions are sub-

stantially the same. In prices of farm

land the differences are no greater be-

tween Canada and the United States than

between the different states in the United

States. In the matter of farm wages, on

the whole, they are about the same.



"It is said that this is an agreement

that affects agricultural products more

than manufacturers. That is true; but

if we have an interchange of product:

between the two countries of any sub-

stentiel amount, the chief part of it must

necesarlly be in agricultural products.

As it is. we export to Canada more agri-





 

 

 





 





Xkrie: . . is. S _





culturai‘





:M:andhso-it“1will.jbe afterwards. The..





effect is not; going, in my judgment, to





lowor the specific prices of agricultural;

, products in our country.





It is going-to

steady them, and it is. going to. produce

’an interchange of products at a profit

which will be beneficial to both' countries.





“If objection can be made to the treaty

on the ground that a particular interest

derives, less benefit from it than other

classes, then it is the manufacturer who

ought to object. because the treaty in its

nature will not enlarge his market as

much as it will that of the farmer. .





“I am quite aware that from one mo-

tive or another a great deal of effort and

oney have been spent in sending cir-

culars to farmers to convince them that

hi Canadian treaty, if adopted, will do

t em do not know that bit is

possible to allay such fears by arguments,

pending the consideration of the treaty

by the senate. But there is one way—-

and that a conclusive way—of demon-

strating the fallacy and unfounded char-

acter of their fears to the farmers, or

any other class that believes itself to be

unjustly affected by this treaty, and that

is to try it on. There is no obligation on

either nation to continue the reciprocity

arrangement any longer than it desires.

and if it be shown, by actual practice,

there is an injury and a permanent in-

jury to the farmers of this country. ev-

erybody knows that they can sufficiently

control legislation to bring about a.

change and a return to the old conditions.

Those of us who are responsible for the

Canadian treaty are willing and anxious

to subject it to that kind of a test.





"Another, and a. very conclusive reason

for closing the contract is the opportunity

which it gives us to increase the supply

of our natural resources which, with the

wastefulness of children, we have wan-

toniy exhausted. The timber resources

of Canada, which will open th selves

to us inevitably under the oper tion of

this agreement, are now apparently in-

exhaustible, and we may derive ample

supplies of timber from Canadian sources

to the profit of Canada and for our own

benefit. There are other natural resources

which I need not stop to enumerate

which will become available to us as if

our own if we adopt and 'maintain com-

mercial union with Canada.”





The administration arguments used in

this speech are not dissimilar to those

advanced upon former occasions, which

have been quoted and commented upon

in these columns, and we believe that it

needs no further comment. to convince

our readers that they are based on mis-

taken premises. But there are some new

passages in this speech which we cannot

permit to pass unnoticed or without

drawing the logical deductions. Loth as

President Taft is to admit that an injus-

tice has been done to the farmers of the

country in Ethe terms of this treaty, he

clearly does admit that any increased ex-

change of products between the two

countries resulting from this treaty “must

necessarily be in agricultural products.”

Yet, notwithstanding Canada’s relatively

large exportable surplus of agricultural

products and enormous undeveloped pos-

sibilities for agricultural production, the

claim is made that prices will not be low-

ered by this treaty, but rather that it

will “steady them and produce an inter-

change of products at a profit which will

be beneficial to both countries." Again,

President Taft says that the operation

of this treaty will not enlarge the market

of the manufacturer as much as it will

that of the farmer. What, then, can be

the benefit to the manufacturer and the

laboring classes from the operation of

this treaty, unless it be in a decreased

cost of living, secured at the expense of

the producers of foodstuifs? Such argu-

ments would appear so difficult of recon-

ciliation as to make comment unneces-

sary. Certainly it is not calculated to

benefit the farmer. Upon this our read-

ers are agreed.



But perhaps the most unfortunate reve-

lation made in this speech is that Presi-

dent Taft appears to think the attitude

of the farmers on this question is the

result of the expenditure of a great deal

of “money and effort” in sending them

circulars. If this were true—it would

indeed be a sad commentary upon the

intelligence of the American farmer. So

far as the farmers of Michigan are con-

cerned, they are thinking men of high

average capacity, who are perfectly capa-

ble of reaching intelligent conclusion upon

an economic question of so great import

to them as this treaty, as is evidenced

by the unanimity of opinion which they

have expressed on the subject since the

first announcement of the terms of the

treaty.



But if the President is not impressed

by the attitude of the farmers of the

country on this question, we believe the

senators are still amenable to that senti-

ment if properly expressed. and- fortu-

nately there is still time for its. more

general and full expression. This is an

emergency in which every individual

farmer should act in his own behalf,

rather than permit another to speak for





 

   

   





him, even though that other be the Pres-l





 





like. an opportunity~





 





mm got;- theaUnltgd' ems. _, We :60 mi





m, .to meow “amt-it‘s maveé

truth or fallacy of-hin argumentthatflit

will not hurt be. It is, too'much line tak-

ing a. suspicious drug to determine

whether or not it is poisOnoul._ Let us

then" continue to urge the senators from

Michigan to 'oppose this treaty, lest-its

trial result in a. backward swing of the

economic pendulum with disastrous re-

sults to which the dangers scented by

the President in prospective tariff tinker-

ing are not comparable.





About a. year ago

mention was made

in these columns of



, . a movement started

by the Chamber of Commerce at Bing-

hampton, N. Y., looking toward the re--

habilitation of the agriculture or the

country surrounding that city. In com-

mon with the older lands of many of the

eastern states, the farms of that section

have become depleted of their fertility

by unwise methods of agriculture, and

their owners have been no longer able to

compete with the newer and richer soils

of the west and middle west in the pro-

duction of agricultural staples. The re-

sult has been that the younger generation

of rural residents have left the farms and

gone into other lines of work until the

commercial organization of that city has

noted the efiect upon the city itself, and

organized an agricultural bureau for the

promotion of better methods in the agri-

culture of the surrounding country. In

this work the co-operation of the United

States Department of Agriculture, as

well as the New York State College of

Agriculture, were enlisted, and demon-

stration experiments were conducted,

while a number of men from the college

spent considerable time in extension work

among the farmers of this section and

the Bureau of Soils of the Department of

Agriculture made a careful survey of the

soils of that section of the state. The

railroads have also proposed to co—operate

in the movement by the establishment of

model farms along their lines in some

cases.



In a. recent report of the plans for this

work for the ensuing Year, it appears

that after counselling with experts, Prof.

,Spillman, of the Department of Agricul-

ture, and others, it was decided that the

model farm idea was impracticable; that

there were already many model farms in

the region to be covered by the work

which could be used as object lessons and

for demonstration work, and that to be

effective work of this kind must be car-

ried right to the door of the farmer who

needs it, rather than to expect him to

travel considerable distances to attend

meetings or demonstrations on centrally

located model farms. It developed that

the model farm idea had not been an un-

questionable success in any place where

it had been tried, when viewed from an

educational standpoint. The future pol-

icy of the agricultural bureau of this ur—

ban organization Wili be to conduct edu-

cational work in the schools and granges

in the territory covered, with the object

in view of arousing the children to an in-

terest in the subject of better farming

methods, and the opportunities for suc-

cessful agriculture in that section. Ef-

forts will be made to organize cow-test-

ing associations and conduct demonstra-

tion experiments in liming the soil for the

successful growing of ‘clover as one of

the first essentials in increasing the crop-

producing capacity of the soil. A cam-

paign will also be conducted for the bet—

ter care of orchards in that section, and

the bureau will co-operate with the farm-

ers in securing the necessary farm labor

to properly carry on their work.



The recognition of the need for the re-

habilitation of agriculture in that section

by a purely commercial organization may

well attract the attention of other urban

dwellers and business men at this time,

many of whom are shouting for the adop-

tion of the Canadian reciprocity agree-

ment, notwithstanding the fact that it

will unquestionably hasten the day when

the agriculture of many of the communi-

ties of the central west will have fallen

into a state comparable with that of the

depleted sections of the east. Through

competition with the more fertile soils of

the great northwest, the canteen tanner

was driven to the necessity of becoming

a soil robber to gain a subsistence for his

family, through the opening up of the

rich and fertile prairie soils of our own

west, and many farmers in our border

states would-be driven to the same neces-

sity through competition of the prairie

lands or the Canadian west with like





Promoting Agricul-

ture in the East.





deplorable results as those which the

Binghampton Chamber of Commerce ?





 





u





emit-:om-sswm _

gretuletpagupeo its teamwork. nd'l‘f



commercial organizations or other cities

more fortunately situated at thepresent





time with regard to the proximity of





prosperous agriCultural sectibns would





-do well to cultivate an attitude which

would seek to obviate, rather than over-i...





come like unfortuante conditions after

they have been brought about.



' Among t h e bills



Better Horse. for passeddmrlng. the last



Michigan. days of the legislative



session was the 513.14





lion license bill, which was mentioned in,





these columns at the time of its intro-

duction. and which. provides for the li-





censing of stallions and the furnishing





of accurate information to the public re-

garding their breeding. This is certainly

a move in the right direction, and as





soon as an official copy of the act can be,





obtained, we will publish its text in the

live stock demrtment, in order that ev-

ery interested reader may become familiar

with its terms. '

As illustrative of the need of an awak-

ened interest in the breeding of better





horses in Michigan, some data collected,





by the Percheron Society of America.

covering ten middle western states, will

be of interest.





formation contained in the satistical





In summarizing the in- .





tables compiled the secretary of this so- .





ciety says: ,



“The percentage of grade sires, still in

service, is appalling. Every man of in-

telligence knows that grade sires are

less prepotent than pure breds, and that

their get is less valuable for work or

market than the get of pure bred sires.

The continued use of such grade sires is

therefore striking evidence of the short-

sighted policy pursued by thousands of

farmers, and indicates the need of per-

sistent educational work.



“The number of pure bred sires is not

adequate, in proportion to the total num-

ber of horses. Not a single state of the

ten named has one pure bred draft sire

per 300 horses. The proportion certainly

should not be less than 1 to 200 horses:

whereas, it is now but 1 per 579 horses.

for the total of ten states named. Inas-

much as it is admitted that at least one-

fifth of the pure bred sires in service are

not of such excellence as to warrant long

continued use in the stud, it is evident

that the proportion which good pure bred

sires bear to the total number of horses.

is about 1 to 724. In other words, we

now have but one good pure bred draft





sire where we should have four. or nearly ,





that number.”



The legislation above mentioned will

have the beneficial effect of placing the

farmer who breeds his mares in posses:





sion of accurate information regarding





the breeding of the sires which he uses,

and should make this class of breeders





more discriminating in the selection of





sires.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





National. "





Nine persons were killed in a fire at

Roanoke, Va... last Friday. The unfor-





 





tunate victims consisted of a mother and ~





eight children.



A disastrous explosion occurred in . a.

coal mine at Elk Garden, West Virginia,

killing 23 persons.

cident is unknown:



It is expected that within a. fortnight

the peace pact between Great Britain and

the United States providing for the arbi-

tration of any differences for the coming

five years, will be signed. ' _



The congressional districts of Michigan

will be redistricted to allow for the ex-

tra congressmen due her from the ap-

portionment according to the last cen-

sus. It is probable that every congres-





The cause of the ac-'





sional district in the state will be dis- ,,





turbed. Unless the state legislature meets

in extra session for making the new re-





districting, the new congressmen will be .;





elected at large in 1912.



Representative Cullop,

congressman from Indiana, declared for

the election of postmasters, United States

marshals and other federal employee, in

a speech before the house.



Capt. John H. Gibbons, a native of

Michigan, has been selected as superin-

tendent of the Annapolis naval academy

to succeed Capt. Bowyer, who resigns on

account of ill health.



Port Huron is bidding for the national

military encampment. and to that end

enterprising local business men are col-





lecting data to submit to the naval de-_;

partment setting forth the advantages





Port Huron has to offer.



Because of the supreme court decision

touching upon the holding of coal prop-,

erties by railroads as prohibited by the

Hepburn act, several eastern railroads

have decided to dispose of coal properties





a democratic ’





":l





to independent companies or new com,‘





panics organized for the purpose of tak-

ing over the lands. ' ‘





oil-Sunday 190 business places ..‘m :35 ‘ I





residences were destroyed by fine in my. , ;





neg on





\





gar, Me. The loss is estimated. at $5,000;

. i use 538)}





 

 





 

 





 





‘ an... ,





axe-nae. than? .-. .





 





' «Wm: .mflfi.‘ ....
.4... ,





“rs-sag. 26...? a.





 





 





 





_ their wool,





 





LITERATURE ,

posrnr

msronr ana

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





'fllis MagaZine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month.





 

   





 

 





bflwflfim EEKLY.





w

PUBLISHED





   

 





 





 





   





 





 





{The I‘ARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





Eevry article is written especially for it, and does notwappear elsewhere,





 





 





NEW ZEALAND—“God’s Own Country.”—





BY P. A.





. EING in Australia, and having

B heard so much of these beautiful

green islands of the Southern Seas,

so lovely that the inhabitants affection-

ately refer to them as “God’s Own Coun-

try,” having heard of the excellence of

lambs, and dairy products, of

the noted scenic attractions, and of the

bold semi—socialistic tendencies in legis-

lation, the writer finally decided that he

could not afford to miss so good an op-

portunity to visit New Zealand.



This side trip was somewhat hastened

by the almost unendurable heat which

we experienced at Melbourne where the

thermometer registered 112.5 degs. in the

shade, the black paved streets and side-

walks were like hot lava beds, and the

winds were as from a glowing furnace.

They were record-breaking days for heat

when, on Jan. 17, we left that city and

the next evening sailed from Sidney, our

destination being the city of Wellington,

one of the southernmost ports of North

Island.



W'ellington, beautifully situated on the

slope and lap of a high hill facing the

harbor, reminds one of Duluth or Hong-

kong. \Vhen we land, hearing English

spoken on every hand, it seems more like

coming to a city at home. Only the

double-decked street cars, and some

slight twang in the dialect, suggest that

it might be in‘England or Scotland. The

only other feature that causes one to

realize that he is indeed in a foreign land

is the odd-shaped helmets, worn by the

sleek-looking policemen, which keep one

guessing whether the helmet is on back-

s.de forward or not.



As was our wont in the Australian

states, we headed straight for the offices

of the Department of Agriculture, to ask

for suggestions as to the best places to

visit. The hearty reception and the lib-

eral courtesies extended by these govern-

ment officials were such as only the

warm-hearted pioneers of a new and

rapidly growing country know how to

extend. \Ve were impressed, first, last

and. all the while, with the fact that this

is a country whose people are not

ashamed to show a stranger coming to

its shores all of its beauties and re-

sources.



The Agricultural Industries.



Aside from sheep raising and dairying,

for which we consider New Zealand not-

ed, we find large areas of choice agricul-

tural land utilized for intensive farming

of a variety of crops. Rarely has it been

our pleasure to see such prosperous look-

ing and well farmed “districts as the

Canterbury Plains on South Island.

Though the season was cut somewhat

short by an unusual drouth, the wheat

crop, which was just being threshed, was

very fine. Rape and root crops, which

covered a considerable part of the area,

were affected more by the drouth. Fur-

ther south, in the Otage province, the

land is more rolling but is also producing

heavy crops. Oats here take the place

of wheat as the principal crop, but root

crops. principally swedes and mangolds,

are also extensively produced. The oats

and wheat were just being harvested

(last of January).



Throughout these provinces, as also in

the parts of North Island visited, there

are large sections in which dairying has

been started and now forms the chief

industry. vElsewhere the stock usually

kept on these farms consists of sheep,

and in the mountains and VVestland, prac-

tically the whole of the area is used for

sheep, smaller portions only being used

for beef production.



In climate, New Zealand is remarkably

equable—relatively cool in summer and

mild in winter. It extends from 34 dogs.

25 min. south to 47 degs. 17 min. south

latitude, thus corresponding to a. stretch





of North America from North Carolina. Mr. Gilroy, with Members of Family and Residence,

aged Farm" In New Zealand.





to Newfoundland. In the extreme, north





they have almost a tropical vegetation,

and are able to raise the hardier tropical

fruits. At Wellington they rarely have any

snow, yet in midsummer (January), while

we were there, they had a night cold





YODER.





they have a fairly severe winter. The

rainfall is usually abundant, and drouths,

though they occur occasionally, are usu-

ally not long continued. In this respect

New Zealand is remarkably different





 





 





 





 





 





Sir John Lawes Silver Shield Awarded for Best Managed Farm.





enough to touch the maize with frost on

the low-lying experiment fields on the

state farm at Levin, about seventy miles

north of Wellington. At the southern ex-

tremity of South Island, in Southland,





from Australia, especially the interior of

Australia. Because of her equable cli—

mate and abundance of rainfall, New

Zealand is often compared with Great

Britain, and her citizens hopefully look





 





 





 





Owner of “the Best

Possessor of Silver Shield.





Man-





1.





forward to some future time when she

shall wield a power and inlluence in the

southern hemisphere like Great Britain

has wielded in the northern.





New Zealand Hemp.



A crop which in recent years has de-

veloped into great importance, is the New

Zealand hemp. \Ve had previously met

with the hemp grown in Kentucky and

neighboring states, with the hemp from

sisal grown in the Hawaiian Islands, and

with the famous Manilla hemp,

had never heard of New Zealand hemp.

This plant (l‘hormium tenav) is a native

of New Zealand and grows on all parts of

ine two islands. At present it is not ex—

tensively cultivated, but large crops of

the fibre arc nowannually produced from

the wild plants that were previously

thought a valueless, obnoxious weed,

growing on pasture lands, especially on

land that is inclined somewhat to a

swampy nature. Its leaves grow up and

look much like the familiar “cat-tail”

flags of our American swamps, only

larger, but the seed stem is quite differ—

ent. It is cut off by hand near the

ground once every three years. The

fresh green leaves are at once handed to

the mill where a rapidly rotating, ridged

cylinder presses and scrapes off the cellu—

lar matter and leaves the fibre, soiled

with green juice and some unrcmovcd

cellular matter. It is next washed, then

laid out on the sod about ten days to dry

and bleach. It is next held into a big,

fanning-mill-like machine where the re-

tating vanes of the wheel beat out the

bark-like matter still hanging on to the

fibre.



At Shannon, north of \Vellington, we had

the pleasure of visiting one of these mills

that is among the most modern in its

appointments. An area of 14,000 acres is

operated by the company having this

mill. Large fields were used in bleaching

grounds, and stacks of the dry fibre, look-

ing like yellow grain stacks, were stored

up awaiting the second milling process.

The finished hemp (or llax, as the people

inappropriately call it), is compressed

into bales for shipment, most of it to

manufacturers of binding twine. It is

inferior to Manila hemp and is therefore

not much used in rope making. Before

it is allowed to be exported it must be

inspected and graded by government offi—

cials. The amount of this libre exported

in 1906 was 28,733 tons, worth £850,653,

approximately $4,134,000.





The Best Managed Farm.



By special arrangement we were per-

mitted to visit some of the best managed

farms in New Zealand, and to have in-

structive interviews with the owners or

managers. \Vith much pleasure we re—

call, among these, our visit to the farm

of Mr. G. H. Gilroy, near Stirling, ()tago

Province, on South island. \Ve found Mr.

Gilroy an elderly but energetic Scotch-

man, and until late at night, at his com-

fortable though unpretentious home, we

listened with rapt interest to his account

of the system of farming followed, the

discouragements of early pioneer days.

the breaking away from old established

customs to more rational methods of

farming, the annual competitions for the

Sir John Lawes silver shield, a prize of-

fered for the best managed farm of 400

acres or over in the Otago and Southland

provinces, and how he ultimately won it

three years in succession and thereby

gained permanent possession of it. This

shield of solid silver stands about twenty

inches in height and has engraved upon

neat tablets the successive winners until

Mr. Gilroy became permanent possessor.

A few other trophies for best crops of

Swedish turnips or other contests further

evidenced the good management of this

farm. Next morning we looked over the

lbs. of timothy, 3 lbs. of white clover,

and 3 lbs. of “cow grass" (perennial red

clover). Formerly he dug his turnips and





but we.





,.





”sad"
f 516; m





I





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Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





DETROIT. MAY 6. l9".





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In a. speech made ata

dinner party given last

week by the Newspa-

per Publishers’ Asso-

ciation in New York, President Taft

spoke at length of the Canadian reciproc-

ity treaty. Vi'e regret that space will not

permit the reproduction of his speech in

full, since it was essentially directed to

the farmers of the country, who are so

unanimously opposed to the reciprocity

program. In opening his address Presi-

dent Taft deplored attempts to amend the

bill so as to give a measure of free trade

in other than agricultural products and

pointed out the dangers which might re-

sult in our trade relations with other

countries from such a step. In an at-

tempt to justify the terms of the agree-

ment, in so far as they effect the farm-

ers of the country, he continued:



“More than this, these proposed gratui-

tous concessions are in the nature of an

admission that in some way or other we

have done an injury to a. particular class

by this Canadian reciprocity agreement.

1 deny it. It 'is said that it injures the

farmers. I deny it. It is strictly in ac-

cordance with the protective principle

that we should only have a protective

tariff between us and countries in which

the conditions are so dissimilar as to

make a difference in the cost of produc-

tion. Now it is known of all men_that

the general conditions that prevail in

Canada are the same as those which ob-

tain in the United States in the matter of

agricultural products. Indeed, if there

is any advantage, the advantage is large-

ly on the side of the United States, be-

cause we have much greater 'variety of

product in view of the varieties of our

climate than they can have in Canada.



“\Ve raise cotton as no other country



does; of course, they raise none in Can-

ada.

“\\'e raise corn, and hogs and cattle fed

on corn, and with the exception of a very

small part of the acreage of Canada, in

Ontario, it is not possible to raise corn

at all in the dominion.



“\Vith respect to wheat and barley and

oats, conditions differ in different parts

of Canada, and in different pants of the

United States. Classing them together,

as on the whole, the conditions are sub-

stantially the same. In prices of farm

land the differences are no greater be-

tween Canada and the United States than

between the different states in the United

States. In the matter of farm wages, on

the whole, they are about the same.





Some Reciprocity

Admissions.





"It is said that this is an agreement





that affects agricultural products more

than manufacturers. That is true: but

if we have an interchange of products

between the two countries of any sub-

stantial amount, the chief part of it must

necesarlly be in agricultural products.

As it is. we export to Canada more agri-





“hlél'aand‘ so ltd-will. ‘be afterwards.





 

 

 





 

 

 





,-





is noggotng, in my judgment. to

lower the 'mclflc prices of agricultural

woducts in our country.

steady them,.and it is. going to produce

an interchange of products at a must

which will be beneficial to both coun ‘ .





“If objection can be made to the treaty

on the ground that a particular interest

derives, less benefit from it than other

classes, then it is "the manufacturer who

ought to object. because the treaty in its

nature will not enlarge his market as

much as it will that of the farmer. .





“I am quite aware that from one mo-

tive or another a great deal of effort and

money have been spent in sending cir-

culars to farmers to convince them that

this Canadian treaty, if adopted, will do

them injury. -I do not know that it is

possible to allay such fears by arguments.

pending the consideration of the treaty

by the senate. But there is one way——

and that a conclusive way—of demon-

strating the fallacy and unfounded char-

acter of their fears to the farmers, or

any other class that believes itself to be

unjustly affected by this treaty, and that

is to try it on. There is no obligation on

either nation to continue the reciprocity

arrangement any longer than it desires.

and if it be shown, by actual practice,

there is an injury and a permanent in-

jury to the farmers of this country. ev-

erybody knows that they can sufficiently

control legislation to bring about a.

change and a return to the old conditions.

Those of us who are responsible for the

Canadian treaty are willing and anxious

to subject it to that kind of a test.





"Another, and a. very conclusive reason

for closing the contract is the opportunity

which it gives us to increase the supply

of our natural resources which, with the

wastefulness of children, we have wan-

tonly exhausted. The timber resources

of Canada, which will open th selves

to us inevitably under the oper ion of

this agreement, are now apparently in-

exhaustible, and we may derive ample

supplies of timber from Canadian sources

to the profit of Canada and for our own

benefit. There are other natural resources

which I need not stop to enumerate

which will become available to us as if

our own if we adopt and 'maintain com-

mercial union with Canada.”





The administration arguments used in

this speech are not dissimilar to those

advanced upon former oceasions, which

have been quoted and commented upon

in these columns, and we believe that it

needs no further comment, to convince

our readers that they are based on mis-

taken premises. But there are some new

passages in this speech which we cannot

permit to pass unnoticed or Without

drawing the logical deductions. Loth as

President Taft is to admit that an injus-

tice has been done to the farmers of the

country in the terms of this treaty, he

clearly does admit that any increased ex-

change of products between the two

countries resulting from this treaty “must

necessarily be in agricultural products.”

Yet, notwithstanding Canada's relatively

large exportable surplus of agricultural

products and enormous undeveloped pos-

sibilities for agricultural production, the

claim is made that prices will not be low-

ered by this treaty, but rather that it

will “steady them and produce an inter-

change of products at a profit which will

be beneficial to both countries.” Again,

President Taft says that the operation

of this treaty will not enlarge the market

of the manufacturer as much as it will

that of the farmer. What. then, can be

the benefit to the manufacturer and the

laboring. classes from the operation of

this treaty. unless it be in a decreased

cost of living, secured at the expense of

the producers of foodstuffs? Such argu-

ments would appear so diffcult of recon-

ciliation as to make comment unneces-

sary. Certainly it is not calculated to

benefit the farmer. Upon this our read-

ers are agreed.



But perhaps the most unfortunate reve-

lation made in this speech is that Presi-

dent Taft appears to think the attitude

of the farmers on this question is the

result of the expenditure of a great deal

of “money and effort” in sending them

circulars. If this were true it would

indeed be a sad commentary upon the

intelligence of the American farmer. So

far as the farmers of Michigan are con-

cerned, they are thinking men of high

average capacity, who are perfectly capa-

ble of reaching intelligent conclusion upon

an economic question of so great import

to them as this treaty, as is evidenced

by the unanimity of opinion which they

have expressed on the subject since the

first announcement of the terms of the

treaty. ‘



But if the President is_not impressed

by the attitude of the farmers of the

country on this question, we believe the

senators are still amenable to that senti-

ment if properly expressed. and- fortu-

nately there is still time for its, more

general and full expression. This is an

emergency in which every individual

farmer should act in his own behalf.

rather than permit another to speak for

him, even though that other be the Pres-





as:





It is going to ,





.4: 1‘ ' ‘ka ~ , 1"”.5





s latest .91 immune swig: .We no uh;

sumo try an. experiment. that he may;-

have,“ mum‘cot-mmte the





mar fallacy of his argument-theta

will not hurt .us. It hitoo much like tak-

ing a. suspicious drug to determine

whether or, not it is poisonouu. Let us

then continue to urge the senators from

Michigan to oppose this treaty, lest its

trial result in a. backward swing of the

economic pendulum with disastrous re-

sults to which the dangers scented by

the President in prospective tariff tinker-

ing are not comparable.

About a. year ago

mention was made

in these columns of

~ . a. 'movement started

by the Chamber of Commerce at Bing-

hampton, N. Y., looking toward the re-

habilitation of the agriculture of the

country surrounding that city. In com—

mon with the older lands of many of the

eastern states, the farms of that section

have become depleted of their fertility

by unwise methods of agriculture, and

their owners have been no longer able to

compete with the newer and richer soils

of the west and middle west in the pro-

duction of agricultural staples. The re-

sult has been that the younger generation

of rural residents have left the farms and

gone into other lines of work until the

commercial organizatiOn of that city has

not the effect upon the city itself, and

organized an agricultural bureau for the

promotion of better methods in the agri-

culture of the surrounding country. In

this work the co-operation of the United

States Department of Agriculture, as

Well as the New York State College of

Agriculture, were enlisted, and demon-

stration experiments were conducted,

while a number of men from the college

spent considerable time in extension work

among the farmers of this section and

the Bureau of Soils of the Department of

Agriculture made a careful survey of the

soils of that section of the state. The

railroads have also proposed to co-operate

in the movement by the establishment of

model farms along their lines in some

cases.



In a. recent report of the plans for this

work for the ensuing year, it appears

that after counselling with experts, Prof.

Spillman, of the Department of Agricul-

ture, and others, it was decided that the

model farm idea was impracticable; that

there were already many model farms in

the region to be covered by the work

which could be used as object lessons and

for demonstration work, and that to be

effective work of this kind must be car-

ried right to the door of the farmer who

needs it, rather than to expect him to

travel considerable distances to attend

meetings or demonstrations on centrally

located model farms. It developed that

the model farm idea had not been an un-

questionable success in any place where

it had been tried, when viewed from an

educational standpoint. The future pol-

icy of the agricultural bureau of this ur-

ban organization will be to conduct edu-

cational work in the schools and granges

in the territory covered, with the object

in view of arousing the children to an in-

terest in the subject of better farming

methods, and the opportunities for suc-

cessful agriculture in that section. Ef-

forts will be made to organize cow-test-

ing associations and conduct demonstra-

tion experiments in liming the soil for the

successful growing of 'clover as one of

the first essentials in increasing the crop-

producing capacity of the soil. A cam-

paign will also he conducted for the bet-

ter care of orchards in that section, and

the bureau will co-operate with the farm-

ers in securing the necessary farm labor

to properly carry on their work. J



The recognition of the need for the re-

habilitation of agriculture in that section

by a purely commercial organization may

well attract the attention of other urban

dwellers and business men at this time.

many of whom are shouting for the adop-

tion of the Canadian reciprocity agree-

ment, notwithstanding the fact that it

will unquestionably hasten the day when

the agriculture of many of the communi-

ties of the central west will have fallen

into a state comparable with that of the

depleted sections of the east. Through

competition with the more fertile soils of

the great northwest, the custom farmer

was driven to the necessity of becoming

a soil robber to gain a subsistence for his

family, through the opening up of the

rich and fertile prairie soils of our own

west, and many farmers in our border

states would be driven to the same neces-

sity through competition of the prairie

lands of the Canadian west with like

deplorable results as those which the

Binghampton Chamber of Commerce is





Promoting Agricul-

ture in the East.





um vat" meet a .1

entity; "This .%3

Midland ,iup'Oh

commercial organizations bf other cities

more fortunately situated at the ‘





time with regard to the proximity "of"





prosperous agricultural sections would





do well to cultivate an attitude which“





would seek to obviate, rather than over-4'.



come like unfortuante conditions after

they have been brought about. ‘



‘ Among t h e bills



Better Horses for passedduring. the last



Michigan. days of the legislative



session was thesinls





am too” ‘ on: and; the"





lion license bill, which was mentioned ing





these columns at the time of its intro-

ductiozi. and which. provides for the li-

censing of , stallions and the furnishing

of accurate information to the public re.-

garding their breeding. This is certainly

a move in the right direction, and as





soon as an official copy of the act icon be,





obtained, we will publish its text in the

live stock demrtment, in order that ev-





ery interested reader may become familiar»





with its terms. . =

As illustrative of the need of an awak-

ened interest in the breeding of better





horses in Michigan. some data collected,





by the Percheron Society of America,

covering ten middle western states, will

be of interest.





formation contained in “the satistical





In summarizing the in- ‘





tables compiled the secretary of this so- .





ciety says:





“The percentage of-grade sires, still in





service, is appalling. Every man of in—





telligence knows that grade sires are





less prepotent than pure breds, and that

their get is less valuable for work or

market than the get of pure bred sires.

The continued use of such grade sires is

therefore striking evidence of the short-

sighted policy phrsued by thousands of

farmers, and indicates the need of per-

sistent educational work.



“The number of pure bred sires is not

adequate. in proportion to the total num-

ber of horses. Not a single state of the

ten named has one pure bred draft sire

per 300 horses. The proportion certainly

should not be less than 1 to 200 horses:

whereas, it is now but 1 per 579 horses,

for the total of ten states named. Inas-

much as lt is admitted that at least one-

fifth of the pure bred sires in service are

not of such excellence as to warrant long

continued use in the stud, it is evident

that the proportion which good pure bred

sires bear to the total number of horses.

is about 1 to 724. In other words, we

now have but one good pure bred draft





sire where we should have four, or nearly ,





that number."



The legislation above mentioned will

have the beneficial effect of placing the

farmer who breeds his mares in posses:

sion of accurate information regarding





the breeding of the sires which he uses, I





and should make this class of breeders





more discriminating in the selection of





sires.





HAPPENiNGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





Nine persons were killed in a fire at

Roanoke, Va., last Friday. The unfor-





tunate victims consisted of a mother and '





eight children.



A disastrous explosion occurred ina

coal mine at Elk Garden, West Virginia.

killing 23 persons. The cause of the ac-'

cident is unknown: ,



It is expected that within a fortnight

the peace pact between Great Britain and

the United States providing for the arbi-

tration of any differences for the coming

five years, will be signed. ' ’ _



The congressional districts of Michigan

will be redistricted to allow for the'ex-

tra congressmen due her from the ap—

portionment according .to the last cen-x

sus. It is probable that every congres-

sional district in the state will be dis-

turbed. Unless the state legislature meets

in extra session for making the new re-





districting, the new congressmen will be .'





elected at large in 1912.





Representative Cullop. “ a democratic ‘





congressman from Indiana,‘ declared for

the election of postmasters, United States

marshals and other federal employee, in

a speech before the house. .



Capt. John H. Gibbons, a native of

Michigan, has been selected as superin-

tendent of the Annapolis naval academy

to succeed Capt. Bowyer, who resigns on

account of ill health.



Port Huron ls bidding for the national

military encampment.: and to that end

enterprising local business men are col-

lecting data to submit to the naval de-





partment setting forth the advantages





Port Huron has to otter.



Because of the supreme court decision

touching upon the holding of coal prop-.

erties by railroads as prohibited by the

Hepburn act, several eastern railroads

have decided to dispose of coal properties





to independent companies or new com-.





panics organized for





the pur ose of t k-

ing over the lands. p a '





On- Sunday 100 business places and 285 ‘

residences were destroyed by fire in Ben-.1

mow.-





gor, Me. The loss is estimated. at





(Continued on page 528).





it
U





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY one

INFORMATION





 





 





 





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‘17": FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Eevry_ariiele is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere'





 





NEW ZEALAND—“God’s Own Country.”——l.





. EING in Australia, and having

B heard so much of these beautiful

green islands of the Southern Seas,

so lovely that the inhabitants affection—

ately refer to them as “God’s Own Coun-

try,” having heard of the excellence of

their wool, lambs, and dairy products, of

the noted scenic attractions, and of the

bold semi-socialistic tendencies in legis-

lation, the writer final-ly decided that he

could not afford to miss so good an op-

portunity to visit New Zealand.



This side trip was somewhat hastened

by the almost unendurable heat which

we experienced at Melbourne where the

thermometer registered 112.5 degs. in the

shade, the black paved streets and side-

walks were like hot lava beds, and the

winds were Ma glowing furnace.

They were record-breaking days for heat

when, on Jan. 17, we left that city and

the next evening sailed from Sidney, our

destination being the city of Wellington,

one of the southernmost ports of North

Island.



Wellington, beautifully situated on the

slope and lap of a high hill facing the

harbor, reminds one of Duluth or Hong-

kong. 'VVhen we land, hearing English

spoken on every hand, it seems more like

coming to a city at home. Only the

double—decked street cars, and some

slight twang in the dialect, suggest that

it might be in‘England or Scotland. The

only other feature that causes one to

realize that he is indeed in a foreign land

is the odd-shaped helmets, worn by the

sleek-looking policemen, which keep one

guessing whether the helmet is on back-

s.de forward or not.



As was our wont in the Australian

states, we headed straight for the offices

of the Department of Agriculture, to ask

for suggestions as to the best places to

visit. The hearty reception and the lib—

eral courtesies extended by these govern-

ment officials were such as only the

warm—hearted pioneers of a new and

rapidly growing country know how to

extend. \Ve were impressed, first, last

and all the while, with the fact that this

is a country whose people are not

ashamed to show a stranger coming to

its shores all of its beauties and re-

sources.



The A‘grlcultural Industries.



Aside from sheep raising and dairying,

for which we consider New Zealand not-

ed, we find large areas of choice agricul-

tural land utilized for intensive farming

of a variety of crops. Rarely has it been

our pleasure to see such prosperous look-

ing and well farmed districts as the

Canterbury Plains on South Island.

Though the‘season was cut somewhat

short by an unusual drouth, the wheat

crop, which was just being threshed, was

very fine. Rape and root crops, which

covered a considerable part of the area,

were affectedmore by the drouth. Fur-

ther south, in the Otage province, the

land is more rolling but is also producing

heavy crops. Oats here take the place

of wheat as the principal crop, but root

crops, principally swedes and mangolds,

are also extensively produced. The oats

and wheat were just being harvested

(last of January).



Throughout these provinces, as also in

the parts of North Island visited, there

are large sections in which dairying has

been started and new forms the chief

industry. :Elsewhere the stock usually

kept on these farms consists of sheep,

and in the mountains and VVestland, prac-

tically the whole of the area is used for

sheep, smaller portions only being used

for’ beef production.



In climate, New Zealand is remarkably

equable—relatively cool in summer and

mild in winter. It extends from 34 degs.

25 min. south to 47 degs. 17 min. south

latitude, thus corresponding to a. stretch

of North America from North Carolina.

to Newfoundland. In the extreme north





BY P. A.





they have almost a tropical vegetation,

and are able to raise the hardier tropical

fruits. At Wellington they rarely have any

snow, yet in midsummer (January), while

we were there, they had a night cold





'YODER’.



they have a. fairly severe winter. The

rainfall is usually abundant, and drouths,

though they occur occasionally, are usu-

ally not long continued. In this respect

New Zealand is remarkably different





 





 





 





 





 





Sir John Lawes Silver Shield Awarded for Best Managed Farm.





enough to touch the maize with frost on

the low-lying experiment fields on the

state farm at Levin, about seventy miles

north of Wellington. At the southern ex-

tremity of South Island, in Southland,





from Australia, especially the interior of

Australia. Because of her equable cli-

mate and abundance of rainfall, New

Zealand is often compared with Great

Britain, and her citizens hopefully look





 





 





Mr. Gilroy, with Members of Family‘ and Residence, Owner of “the Best Man-

aged Farm" In New Zealand. Possessor of Silver Shield.





 





forward to some future time when she

shall wield a power and influence in the

southern hemisphere like Great Britain

has wielded in the northern.





New Zealand Hemp.



A crop which in recent years has de-

veloped into great importance, is the New

Zealand hemp. \Ve had previously met

with the hemp grown in Kentucky and

neighboring states, with the hemp from

sisal grown in the Hawaiian Islands, and

with the famous Manilla hemp, but we

had never heard of New Zealand hemp.

This plant (l‘hormium tenav) is a native

of New Zealand and grows on all parts of

tne two islands. At present it is not ex—

tensively cultivated, but large crops of

the fibre are now .annually produced from

the wild plants that were previously

thought a valueless, obnoxious weed,

growing on pasture lands, especially on

land that is inclined somewhat to a

swampy nature. Its leaves grow up and

look much like the familiar “cat—tail"

flags of our American swamps, only

larger, but the seed stem is quite differ—

ent. It is cut off by hand near the

ground once every three years. The

fresh green leaves are at once handed to

the mill where a rapidly rotating, ridged

cylinder presses and scrapes off the cellu-

lar matter and leaves the fibre.

with green juice and some unrcniovcd

cellular matter. It is next washed, then

laid out on the sod about ten days to dry

and bleach. It is next held into a big,

fanning-mill—like machine where the r0—

tating vanes of the wheel beat out the

bark-like matter still hanging on to the

fibre.



At Shannon, north of \Vellington, we had

the pleasure of visiting one of these mills

that is among the most modern in its

appointments. An area of 14,000 acres is

operated by the company having this

mill. Large fields were used in bleaching

grounds, and stacks of the dry fibre, look—

ing like yellow grain stacks, were stored

up awaiting the second milling process.

The finished hemp (or flax, as the people





soiled





inappropriately call it), is compressed

into bales for shipment, most of it to

manufacturers of binding twine. It is





inferior to Manila hemp and is therefore

not much used in rope making. Before

it is allowed to be exported it must be

inspected and graded by government offi—

cials. The amount of this fibre exported

in 1906 was 28,733 tons, worth £850,653,

approximately $4,134,000.

The Best Managed Farm.



By special arrangement we were per—

mitted to visit some of the best managed

farms in New Zealand, and to have in—

structive interviews with the owners or

managers. \Vith much pleasure we re—

call, among these, our visit to the farm

of Mr. G. H. Gilroy, near Stirling, Otago

Province, on South island. \Ve found Mr.

Gilroy an elderly but energetic Scotch—

man, and until late at night, at his com-

fortable though unpretentious home, we

listened with rapt interest to his account

of the system of farming followed, the

discouragements of early pioneer days,

the breaking away from old established

customs to more rational methods of

farming, the annual competitions for the

Sir John Lawes silver shield, a prize of-

fered for the best managed farm of 400

acres or over in the Otago and Southland

provinces, and how he ultimately won it

three years in succession and thereby

gained permanent possession of it. This

shield of solid silver stands about twenty

inches in height and has engraved upon

neat tablets the successive winners until

Mr. Gilroy became permanent possessor.

A few other trophies for best crops of

Swedish turnips or other contests further

evidenced the good management of this

farm. Next morning we looked over the

lbs. of timothy, 3 lbs. of white clover,

and 3 lbs. of “cow grass" (perennial red

clover). Formerly he~ dug his turnips and
- /.

(10)





518





holding, which is practically a reclaimed]





swamp, lying so low that high tide at the





ocean; some .miles distant backs ‘up the,





water perceptibly in the adjacent streams

and necessitates .pumping in wet weather

to efficiently drain it. Tile‘drains are

laid at intervals of one chain and up-‘

wards, and from these the drainage is

conducted to .an excavation on the lowest

part of the farm, where itvis pumped up

by a centrifugal pump run by an oil

motor, to a banked-up open ditch which

carries it off into the river. His system

of farming centers around the fattening

of steers and sheep, and those are almost

the only products sold from the farm.

The food is mixed grass pasture during

the growing season, and straw and

swedes during the short winter. The ro-

tation for the fields consists simply of

raising a crop of swedes, or, if necessary

to clear the land of weeds, two crops;

then, after smoothing off the land, it is

sowed into grasses without any cover

crop. It is left in pasture for five or six

years, when it is again plowed up for

swedes. For the swedes he fertilizes the

land with 200 lbs. of molden guano and

100 lbs. of bone dust. This dressing con-

tinues its effects on the grass crops after

the swedes. The mixture of grass seeds





which lie-g Enfoy. [fevers is a :bu. Italian?

rye grass, fi'bn. of English rye grass, 3‘





lbs. of timothy; 3 lbs. of white clover,

and 3 lbs.‘ of “cow grass” (perennial red.

clover). L Formerly he- dug his turnips and

fed them in the stables, but in recent

years he feeds them from the fields with-

out digging. About three acres are.

fenced off at a time and the steers are

turned in, 100 head of them feeding off

the three acres for about six weeks, with

as much straw supplied each day as they

will eat. This method of feeding is not

by choice, ;but by necessity, because labor

conditions are so now that he can not

get his laborers out as early in the morn-

ing as necessary for stable feeding. An

ordinary yield of turnips is 60 tons per

acre. We have thus described in some

detail Mr. Gilroy's system of farming, his

rotation of crops, his fertilizer applica-

tions, and his grass seed'mixtures for

pasture land, because it is fairly repre-

sentative of very many farms on which

grain production is not a prominent fea-

ture. We would especially call to the

attention of farmers’ institute organiza-

tions, or other agricultural associations,

the suggestion of awarding honorary

prizes for best managed farms, in place

of so many for line stock or big pumpkins.





 





ONCE A MORMON.





By IRMA B. MATTHEWS.





Synopsis of Preeeding‘ Chapters.—Pro-





moters of a new colony, claiming to be

ministers, enter a prosperous New York

state community and persuade a number

of farmers to sell their homes and jom

them. Among the colonists thus secured

are Amos Brandon, his wife, his young

daughter, Elinor, his married daughter,

Myra. and her husband, James Baldwin.

Another married daughter, Rosetta, and

her husband refuse to join. The Site

selected is on one of the Beaver islands,

in Lake Michigan, and the colonists are

transimrted there by boat. Just before

reaching their destination the chief pro-

moter reveals himself to be one James

Strang. leader and ruler of the Mormon

kingdom which he had established on

the island. l'nder the title of king he

claimed to rule in aCcordance with reve—

lations received direct from the Supreme

Being. Strang absented himself from the

island the first winter, during which the

colonists suffered severely, and on his

return sought to relieve them and at the

same time makes war on the Gentiles by

making public a so—called revelation that

it was lawful for his people to seize the

property of the Gentiles. He also pre-

scribed a certain mode of dress for the

women, at which Elinor rebelled, although

her father, who seemed completely under

the control of Strang, tried hard to en-

force obedience. During the first sum-

mer Strang decided to have himself

crowned king, and Elinor, in the com~

pany of her young admirer, Robert Stuart,

attended the coronation. The rule of

Strang now became oppressive; the seiz-

ure of property by the Mormons was still

sanctioned and many Gentiles fled from

the island. is law regarding women’s

dress was disregarded by Elinor, al-

though the king seized and burned her

wardrobe in his futile effort to compel her

to adopt the prescribed dress. A little

later Strang proclaimed a revelation

sanctioning plural marriages, at which

his own wife deserted him and fled from

the island. Some of the colonists indig-

nantly counseled rebellion, but the ma—

jority. among them Amos Brandon and

his son-in-law, continued blindly to trust

and follow Strang.





 





Chapter X.



For some time the king paid no atten-

tion to Elinor and she began to hope that

he had forgotten about her entirely. She

went where she chose with more. secur-

ity. indeed at times she almost forgot

that she was under his displeasure, for

she did not allow her mind to dwell on

the fact. There was one young woman

among the Gentiles that had become

quite a friend of hers since Elizabeth

could no longer be with her. It was the

young wife of Sam Bennet, and many

were the pleasant days they spent to-

gether.



Mrs. Bennet had come from Detroit to

reside on the island because it was her

husband’s home, but she was often lonely

for the many gaieties and comforts she

had left behind. She was pleased with

the bright ways of Elinor and there

sprang up between them a friendship





that lasted for life.

Had Mr. Brandon been aware of the

growing intimacy I dare say he would





have tried at least to put a stop to it,

but he was SO interested in other affairs

that he gave no particular attention to

his daughter or her comings and goings.



Mrs. Bennet felt sorry for Elinor, and

often said to her husband that she feared

for the future of the girl, for Elinor had

told her how she had earned the dis-

pleasure ot’ Strang.



“We have earned that also,” he an-

swered gloomily one night when the sub-





 





ject was being discussed as usual, for

Minor had been there that day, “and I

hardly know yet what the outcome will

be. He is determined to drive every

Gentile from the island and will stop at

nothing short of murder to do it.”



His Wife tried to cheer him, but how

the words came back to her not many

weeks later.



it was Elinor who brought the news

home. She had started to go to visit

her friend and had been met by the ter-

rihle news and turned back, eager to see

what her father would have to say now

in defence of the king. She burst into

the room where he and her mother, to-

gether with James and Myra, were sit-

ting. James had also heard the news

and had come to tell his wife's family

what had transpired.



“Well,” cried Myra, “whatever ails you,

Immor? You look as though you had

seen a ghost!"



Elinor shuddered. "You have heard of

the terrible murder that has been com-

mitted probably. I hope now you see

what kind of a man you have for what

you are pleased to call your king.”



“Be careful, Elinor," answered her

father, sternly. “You know nothing of

what you are talking."



“I know Thomas Bennet has been

murdered and his brother shot."



“You know nothing of the kind. No

murder has been committed."



“Are you sure, father?”



“Sure! Of course I am sure. The Ben-

net boys have been very lawless, refusing

to obey the command to pay the trifling

tax of ten dollars that has been asked of

each of the fishermen, and yesterday an

officer was sent to collect the tax. They

again refused to pay and when the officer

ordered them under arrest they refused

to accompany him, and he fired at them."



“And killed one of them?”



“I believe Thomas is dead,"

ently.



“And you do not call that murder?”

asked Elinor hotly.

“Certainly not.

doing his duty.”



Elinor looked long at her father before

she said, as quietly as she could, “I sup-

pose it was a Mormon officer, doing the

bidding of the king. I -should like to

know what right the king has to exact

tax of those who do not believe in his

power?"



“I dare say there are many things you

would like to know that you will never

understand. Women have no business

trying to understand the laws. It is

enough for them to be governed by

them.”



“I think it has taught many of them a

good lesson,” said James. “I dare say

there will be less opposition to the king’s

commands now that people see he intends

to have them enforced.”



It was plainly to be seen, however, that

the women sided with the Bonnets, for

they could not bring themselves to think

that killing was justifiable and the argu-.

ment became quite a heated one.



The whole island was wrought up to a.

great pitch. The Gentiles saw plainly

that it was to be war to the death. but





indiffer-





The officer was merely





 





what were theygoing to do? There was





an redress for them. the king was

sharp, He had connived to have every.

officer elected a Mormon. If one wished

to go to the law for aid there was a

Mormon officer .to serve their warrants. a

Mormon .jury, a Mormon judge, and the

men that had been selected for t e offi-

ces were those that Strang kne would

do his bidding. From that time, feeling

their insecurity, the Gentiles began to

leave the island. Added to this all was

not as peaceful as it- had been in the

king’s own domain. The revelation of

polygamy had angered many and aroused

uneasiness in many more. The people

did not seem in any hurry to follow the

king’s lead in 'this, and the women were

holding meetings of their own and pro-

testing against the inhuman practice he

had introduced.



Seeing that they did not intend follow-

ing his load without compulsion, the king

began to command one and‘ another of

his elders to take the second wife. A few

ooeyed, others put him off, not daring to

disobey openly but hoping for something

to transpire that would stop this from

being carried farther.



It was with horror she could not

disguise that Elinor learned that Eliza-

beth had been given, under command of

the king, to one of his elders as a second

wife. She met her some weeks after and

the look of settled misery wrung her

heart as nothing else had done, eVen th

trouble of the Bonnets. '



“0h, mother,” she sobbed that night as

she sat with her head against her moth-

er’s knee. “Why must we stay in this

horrible place?" But her mother could

only shake her head sadly. “I do not

know, I have tried to get your father to

go away but it only seems to anger him

when I speak of it. He is changed so

sadly. It was a sorry day for us when

we left our home in New York. Had I

only known what awaited us I should

never have come. I often think of Roset-

ta in her sheltered home, and while I

never thought I should live to. be thank-

ful that I was separated from one of my





children, I am glad and more than glad '





that she at least is safe from the power

of that man who is ruining, I fear, all of

our lives."



“Not all, mother; Myra ‘seems perfectly

happy.”



The mother gave her a look that Elinor

could not 'fathom as she answered: “God

grant that she may never have cause to

be other than she is now, but a shadow

is stalking abroad in the island that will

darken many lives, and at any moment

its blighting influence may fall on her."





Elinor did not understand at the time

what her mother's words meant but she

thought of them long afterward and

knew. Now her thoughts were on the

sister in the far-off home, and wild plansi

were forming themselves in her mind ofE

trying to get word to her of their condi-

tion here. She knew only too well that

her brother-in-law would come to her aid

if he knew how she was situated, but

what would the consequence hate him?

She remembered Thomas Bennet and

sighed. No, she could not subject him to

the displeasure of the king and perhaps

leave her sister a widow, for she had

begun to think Strang capable of any-

thing. No, far better that she should

suffer than that she bring sorrow on any

more of her family. If she could get

away and go to her it would be different,

but she could not do that, so she must

wait and let time tell what was to be

her destiny.



Meanwhile things were getting lively

and the women made up their minds to

take a part in the drama, for Strang had

ordered others to take plural wives. None

of the women felt secure in their homes,

not knowing at what moment their hus-

bands might be ordered to take another

wife and thus destroy forever their hap-

piness and their peace.





 





Chapter XI.





It was the wife of one of' the elders

that called an indignation meeting of the

.women. She was a bright, vivacious lit-

tle woman with snapping black eyes and

she declared with some vim that if Strang

sent another woman into her home she

would make it interesting'for her.





"He told us the practice was not to be

allowed here," she continued, “and you

have all heard the way he preached

against it, not long ago, either.”



“But that was before his revelation."

ventured one timid little woman.



"Revelation, flddlesticksl I notice he}





has revelations mostly to coincide with .





his own views or wishes. Didn't he have

(Continued on pass 520).





l

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. or B'.‘ win-,2 songs.

0, little hopetoad, 7,in__yourmdress of brown.

.‘ Come. tell‘ntyour ,lifegto me.

You know‘notfthe rules of arithmetic

NOr study gee ,aphy, .

But dow‘n' by t e pond, or among the

' ~reeds,* '- _. ,,

You stray-in the twilight-gloom,

Devourlng the lilies and. snails and worms,

And helping the flowers to bloom.





0, little hop-toad, in your“ spotted frock,

No teeth in your mouth we find.



You do no hurt to the things we love,

And our feelings to you are kind.



You sing your song in the early spring,

You sleep through the wintry gales,

And do not wake from the land of dreams

Till the gladness of spring prevails.





You do not care for the county fair,

Nor do you smile. or frown



When the price of butter soars the skies,

Or the price of eggs comes down.



The flies! the flies; the beautiful flies!

Your darting tongue has sped!



A little toad is happier now,

And a little fly is dead.





We do not envy your step or gown—

VVe do not swallow ours-—-



We hardly think you appreciate

Your ramble amongst the flowers:

But do you know, you little hop-toad,



Of a lesson you have brought?

And happier is the human heart

Whose ear has the message caught.





You do not murmur, nor worry, nor fret,

But a happy content prevails.



The Hand that fashioned your pretty coat

Will furnish you needed snails.



So merrily, all your long, long life,

Go hopping along the road,



For we know ’tis spring when the blue-



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And we see the little hop—toad.





,THE BIRD BOXES AT SUNNY BRAE.





 





 





BY EVA MILLS ANDERSON.





There were two attractive lads at the

1 home of the Ames family at: Sunny Brae,

7 Ronald and Sydney. Last spring Ronald

Tthought he would like some new bird

3 houses about the orchard. He constructed

3 some by using small boxes, such as chalk

lboxes, which he got ready made. For a

lroof he procured two narrow and rather

lthin boards, sawed them the length of

fthe box, nailed them together at the

ledges and then nailed them to the box,

ifitting a triangular board in each eave.

lHe then cut a small hole about the size

‘ of a quarter in one end of the box, nailed

[a short piece of moulding below it for a

lperch and he had a very nice looking bird

lhousé. I—Ie fastened the box to a slat

‘which he nailed to a fence post. Then

he had to go to town to do some errands.

‘ That night, at supper, Sydney said to

him: “Your house has some tenants al-

ready, Ronald.”



“English sparrows, I’ll bet,” answered

Ronald between mouthfuls of rhubarb pie.





, “No sir, bluebirds.”



' “That’s luck. I hope they'll like the

quarters well enough to stay. I guess I’ll

make some more houses."





“I made one after you went to town

and I made it different from yours. It’s

a lot easier way," Sydney added. Sydney

loves to do things quickly and loves to

plague Ronald about being “slow."



“How old you do it?”



”Instead of nailing boards for a roof I

turned the box cornerwise. You see the

two sides of themselves make the roof.





j walnut tree.





. zine. "





t





A





THE Miami-GLAN- FARMER f





wired the thing to a limb of the big

saw a picture ‘of one once in a. nia-g'aa





“it sounds all right. In the morning

we’ll see how it really is,” admitted 'Ron-

ald, dubiously. Pgevious experience .had

made him doubtful regarding Sydney’s

hasty constructions. ‘



The following morning both boys ap-

peared _in the yard simultaneously and

both directed their glances toward the

bird house in the walnut tree.



“The first thing I see out of the way,”

said Ronald, “is that you left the step-

ladder just where you used it.”



Sydney looked sheepish. That was a

transgression of one of his father’s

strictest commands. “I forgot," he an-

swered, and started to remove it.



“Hold on," cried Ronald, ”you've hung

your house too near the end of the limb,

and you’ve got the front wire twice as

long as the other one so that if the birds

build in your box their weight and the





‘ weight of the nest will tip it so that the





opening will be at the bottom instead

of at the side. Besides,” he added, as

he walked around and took another view

of the structure, “you’ve left your wires

too loose. The box is liable to slip out

of them. You ought to have taken some

nippers and to have drawn the wires

tight before fastening them. You‘d bet-

ter climb on that step-ladder before you

put it away and fix your house as it

should be or I‘ll bet you won’t get a

tenant this summer.”



”I knew you'd have a lot of fault to

find, you’re such an old granny,” replied

Sydney, still walking away with the lad-

der. “I'm not going to change that

house. I tell you it’s good enough and

the end of that branch will be ever so

much better liked by any birds than the

same bough farther back where it is less

bendable. The wind will rock that nest

just like a cradle."



“And when the bough breaks the cradle

will fall,



And down will come birdies, cradle and

all,” quoted Ronald, derisively.



“It won’t do any such thing,” respond-

ed Sydney, testily, as he walked off with

the step-ladder. For a while he left the

domiciles of the birds entirely to Ronald,

confining his interest to criticisms of his

brother’s efforts. Ronald made several

after the general plan of Sydney’s, which

he thought a very good one. He was

careful to leave the wires long enough

so that the houses hung six or eight

inches below the bough to which they

were fastened and at a distance from any

other limb so that the nest might be

protected from cats and red squirrels.

Many of his houses were occupied as

soon as they were put up, while Sydney's

remained tenantless. Bluebirds, wrens

and martins frequently inspected the





premises but did not find it to their lik-

ing. Even English sparrows disdained it.





Encouraged by the success he had with

his smaller houses Ronald made plans

for a more pretentious mansion. He took

a. ready-made box which was twelve

inches square and six inches high and

put partitions through the inside, divid—

ing it in four parts. Then he made holes

for each division through which the birds

could enter and nailed a perch under two





 





 





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I cut a _hole and nailed a perch just as

you did, only I put the perch across the

corner instead of nailing it parallel with

the bottom of the box. Then I took two

pieces of baling wire and fastened them

around the box near the ends, making

their joining come at the top of the roof,

and I left one end of each wire long

enough to wrap around the limb of the

tree. ‘ Then I got the step-ladder and





of them. He did that as an experiment

because someone told him that bluebirds

did not use a perch before their doors

and English sparrows did. He thought by

leaving off the perch he might avoid the

sparrows, and he tried both plans in

other houses.



He was disappointed, however, in the

result, neither sparrows nor bluebirds

showing any preference for either mode





I tell you it’s dandy.‘ I-





THE ,“GHO'UOH” TREE.





 





'BY-C'HAS. A. .iian'rnnir.



The greatest "'ffgrouch” of the woods

family iSjcommonly -knoivn as a honey

locust. It may be'found in many places in

the United States and ‘it' is so bristlingly

repellant that birds do not build in“ it,

not'to mention that small boys, do not go

near it. It is covered with long, green,‘

keen thorns from the roots to the highest

twig. In its isolated grouchiness it re-

pels man, bird and beast. It bears a fruit

of a rather sweetish taste, molasses-like

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ness of gathering the fruit from the tree.

In the late fall it may be clubbed off the

unfriendly branches, but no one would





 





Rhino».





 





 





 





 





 





 





think of approaching such a tree with a

ladder, much less attempting to climb it.



Some think that this was the tree

which furnished part of the sustenance

for the children of Israel in their journey

through the wilderness. If such was

the case they must have had strenuous

times in gathering their food.





 





of entrance. After getting the inside of

the box fixed to his likingr he nailed on

the cover and made, a roof after the same

style as in the first house only that he

divided his attic into two apartments and

made holes in the gublcs for the en-

trance. After getting the inside of the

box fixed to his liking he nailed on the

cover and made a roof after the same

style as in the first house only that he

divided his attic into two apartments and

made holes in the gables for the en-





trances. \‘\'hen he had the box at this

stage his father came along.



“Are you making another house, my

son?” he asked.





"ch, father, this is a six-room apart—

ment; don't you think it is fine?” and he

held it 111) for inspection.



“It certainly looks very fine but I am

afraid you’ll hardly get the class of ion—





ants you want in it. So far as I have

observed English sparrows are the only

birds that like living in apartmcnt

houses.”



"And martins, father. Don’t you re—





member the box we had once that had

three or four families of martins every

summer,” corrected Sydney.



“I do recall that, now you speak of it.

But even martins are not as choice birds

as bluebirds, robins or wrens.”



“I’ve gotten this so near done,” said

Ronald, now looking at his work a little

doubtfully, “I believe 1’11 finish it. If I

get tenants I do not like I’ll have to

eject them.”



He really made a very pretty house of

it. After the frame was finished he got

bark from an old tree and covered the

entire structure with that. Then he

nailed it to the squared-off top of a long

pole, bracing it by two slats extending

from the pole to the edges of the box.

The next thing was to dig a hole in the

garden where he wished to set the pole.

Sydney, who had forgotten all about his

ill humor of a few days before, good na—

turedly offered his assistance. While





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pair of whiterbellied swallows inspecting

the house which was still lying upon the

ground.



When the boys had the hole ready

and carried the pole to it the swallows

followed them, twittering ' and darting

hither and thither,- and before theyhad

fairly elevated the sapling .in its place

one of the swallows darted into one of

the apartments, coming out again almbst

immediately.



“YOu‘ve got your tenants, sure, Ron-

ald.” said Sydney, watching the birds

while his brother filled in the dirt, tramp-

ing it down firmly as he proceeded.



f‘VVhat do you suppose made them

think that house was for them?" queried

Ronald, stopping to look.



“I don’t know. They must have occu—

pied apartments before. They are evi-

. dently going to appropriate one of these.

Look, there’s the mate. They are inves~

tigating the different rooms. One has

just gone into the attic." The birds hov-

ered around the dwelling. until evening





and the first thing the boys saw in the

morning was the swallows moving in

their furniture. They remained there all





summer, bringing up two broods, but not

allowing any occupants in the other rooms

of the dwelling, successfully driving away

some English sparrows that would have

liked to become co—tenants with them.

Just how the swallows knew that house

was for birds, even when it was lying

upon the ground, has been a subjectof

much discussion in the Ames family but

has never been conclusively decided.





The boys put up many other establish-

ments for the birds, not all of which

were attractive enough to secure tenants,

or perhaps there were not birds enough

to go around. Some of their houses were

made of tin cans, some of hollow limbs.

They found that nests nailed directly to

the trunks of trees did not give as good

satisfaction as those nailed to poles or

snakes. Cats and red squirrels would get

at those fastened to tree trunks



“There is one thing more I’m going to

maLe t1: the birds and then I’m going to

quiz for this season," remarked Ronald

to his brother.



“\l'hat's that?”



“I am going to fix a bathing platform."



“How are you going to do it?"



“I am going to take a piece of plank

about twelve by twenty, if _1 can find it,

and I am going to nail it to the squared-

off top of a fence post. Then I am going

to set the post in the yard at some dis-

tance from any tree, fence or building

from which a cat could possibly spring

to the platform. On that plank I am

going to put a shallow dish which I shall

fill with fresh water every day so that

the birds can drink and bathe in safety.”



“You’ll find the birds will appreciate it

if you put a few stones in the water

where they can sit and preen their feath-

ers," suggested Mr. Ames who had heard

Ronald‘s plan.



"Thank you, father, I will do that; and

in the winter I intend to use this same

platform as a feeding table and see if I

can't keep the birds here during the cold

weather. I‘ve read that it is more lack

of food than cold that takes the birds

south. “'6 always hang out suet, but I

am going to see what feeding some grain

will do.”



"You can try it, Ronald, but I think

you will find nature is a pretty hard

thing to overcome, and nature seems to

send the birds south."



Ronald completed his platform and the

birds certainly showed their appreciation

of it. Never had there been so many at

Sunny Brae farm as that summer. Late

in the season, after a heated term which

had prostrated everybody, there came a

terrific rain and wind storm. After it

was over Mr. Ames and the boys walked

out to see what damage had been done.

Font-es had been blown down, shed roofs

blown off and the ground was strewn





with broken limbs of trees. One of the

things they encountered was Sydney’s

bird house. or rather its remains, lying





on the ground. It had slipped out of the

loosely encircling wires and fallen down

as Ronald predicted it would.



""l‘here.” said Mr. Ames, “you see what

has happened to your carelessly hung

house, Sydney. If the birds had not been

wise enough to keep out of it there would

probably have been some eggs broken or

birds killed. You must have noticed that

every one of Ronald's houses has been

uninjured by the storm. It pays when

you do a thing to do it well, my son."



Sydney stuck his tongue in his cheek

and felt very much ashamed. Mr. Ames

fox-bore making any further remark, hop-

ing the object lesson would help cure





(Sydney of his bad habit of thinking and





sayin8.1"Thats good enough. let it 30,-"

without taking care to have a thing ex-





‘ actly right.





 





ONCE A MORMON.





 





(Continued from page 618).

a revelation that it was right to take

property from the Gentiles when he "found

that people who had come here through

his representations were in want and he

did not know of any other way out of the

difficulty? Don’t talk to me of revela-





tions."

"Do you mean that you do not believe





his revelations come from God?” gasped

one in astonishment.

“Just that and nothing more. I be-





lieve they are manufactured in his own





brain and so will you all before you get,





through with him.”



Some of the women were aghast at this

rank talk, but more applauded it, for they

were indeed in arms.



"We must arouse ourselves,” declared

the spirited little leader; "we gave up

everything but our husbands and families

to come here, and most of us counted the

world well lost at that price, and now

that man means to take them away from

us. It is time something was done.”



“But what can we do?" asked another

helplessly.



“I will tell you. We will meet him on

his own ground. There is to be a meet-

ing at the tabernacle tomorrow evening

and I propose that we women go there

in a body and talk Strang down. iVe will

take our Bibles with us and prove to him

that God never upheld any such work."



The most of the women agreed to this,

for they were desperate and anything

that promised relief from their fears was

hailed with delight, but there were many

who had no hopes whatever of moving

the king. It will only anger him. said

more than one, but there seemed no oth-

er way and they must make the venture.



One of Myra‘s neighbors asked her to

go with them. "No, I cannot do that,"

she answered gravely: “of course, I feel

very sorry for you. but it would only

make the king angry at me'and he is so

kind to James I could not think of such

a thing.”



"But you are no safer than the rest

of us,” urged the other. “Do you not

fear your husband may take another

wife?"



“Indeed I do not,” she answered hap—

pily. "James and I have always been all

the world to each other and he has often

assured me that he would never think of

doing such a thing. Of course, I know

that he would not, and as long as I am

happy I think it best to let well enough

alone, although really I am very sorry for

you all and I think it is terrible."



The woman turned away without urg-

ing her further. So had her husband as-

sured her he would never take another

wife. but she feared the commands of the

king. She knew he always found a way

to punish those who disobeyed his com-

mands and she knew he had around him

those who were only too glad to obey

any commands he might issue.



But the women went to the meeting

with heavy hearts. The king looked as—

tonished at this uninvited company to his

conference.



"Vi'hat is the meaning of this?" he

asked.



“iVe come with a petition, signed by

nearly every woman in this community,"

declared their little leader.



”A petition for what?”



“That you leave us our husbands and

give us the right to live happy, honest

lives,” she answered with spirit.



“I was not aware I had ever interfered

with your doing so,” he answered blandly.



“But you have,” she declared, “when

you order our husbands to bring other

women into our homes to mar our hap-

piness and cause us to live in a life of

shame. I tell you that we will never

stand that. You might at least have left

us our husbands. You know that such a

thing is not right. You often assured us

that it should never be allowed. You

have broken your word to us and we

protest against the injustice of it.”



The king's face during this time grew

black as night. Turning to the guards

he said, “Put these insplent women out,”

but the guards did not obey. Some of

them had wives among the number and

others were with them in sympathy.



“Put us out, would you?”

“Yes, that is a coward’s way of settling

a question~evade it. But we are here

and we mean business and you have got

to hear what we have to say. King

Strang. We will not submit to being

robbed of all we have lnthe world. You





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The sceneuw‘as certainly an impressive ‘/





one. At the end of the room' on a raised

platfprm'iat "the king and his advisers;

facing them wasthe band of determined

angry women.



Then as he remained silent one of the

women opened her Bible and began read-

ing to him. God’s laWs were vastly dif-

ferent from his laws, but all that he

knew before, yet she read on and on,

turning rapidly from one page to another.

lithe king had been angry before he was

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Women; felt faint as they saw it, but their

plucky little leader heeded not the signs

as she talked on and on, telling him what

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‘.‘Is that all?"



“No," was the reply. “that is but the





beginning of what I- could say, but what'





is the use of further talking. You know

as well as I that this thing is repulsive

in the sight of God."



“You certainly ought to be ruler here.

you seem to know so well how to rule.”

answered the king with a sneer. '



“Will you give us the assurance we

demand?" she asked.



The king smiled. "I am very sorry to

have to disoblige you. my dear madam,

but-1'



“You will not then listen to me," and

her eyes took a faraway look as though

she was not in the present, or as though

she saw something not seen by the rest.

“Listen. 0 king, and I will tell you your

fate.” The king started and all looked

at her with something like fear as they

saw her face. “You will be exalted for

a time, and the state will honor you with

an office of trust, but beware, it is not

for long. I see," she paused and raised

her hand, “the picture is dimmed by

what? Blood? Yes, that is it, your reign

will be short and the end will come with

a bullet; aye, and it will come speedily—~"

with a moan she sank unconscious and

was carried from the building, followed

by the sorrowlng women she had hoped

to help. The anger of the king was

something terrible. And yet being. as

most such men are, superstitious, he

feared her prophecy although he en-

deavored to make light of it.



"She is crazed." was his explanation,

but he forbade any having aught to do

with her and declared that had she lived

a century earlier she would have been

executed as a witch. He took his re-

venge, however, by telling other of his

elders that he wished them to take more

wives at once. .



A few obeyed, but the women who

were willing to thus form a third to a

household were not in the most part very

desirable and some of the men hesitated.

Each had one wife and most of them did

not believe in the doctrine; those that

obeyed did so either from fear of the

king or because they wished to court

favor of him. The island was now in a

turmoil indeed. and under his directions

the persecutions of the Gentiles were be-

coming more and more severe. Since the

death of Bennet many were so frightened

that they were leaving everything. About

this time Strang preached a sermon, tell-

ing them that it had been revealed to

him that he could not be harmed, and

that especially should he be free from

harm of a bullet, for his life was charmed





'and one could not harm him.





Soon after this an event happened that

gave the people more faith than ever in

their king.





 





Chapter XII.





The island was all agog when it be~

came known that King Strang had been

arrested. Some of the people were fright—

ened; others had the faith to believe

nothing could harm him and, so far as

the law was concerned, it seemed they

were right. Although held under a num-

ber of charges, with public opinion

against him, he managed to acquit him-

self of all charges and returned to the

island more of a hero and a god in the

eyes of his people than he was before.

Wie-woman, however,

who had faced the king in his council

was gone. Her husband had been or-

dered to take another wife before the

king again appeared on the island and

was plainly given to understand that he

must suffer the penalty if he did not

comply, and he had disappeared, together

With his'wlfe. Where or when he went

no one seemed to know. Some there

were who hinted dark things regarding

the disappearance, but for the most part

it was conceded they had escaped in





THE MICHIGAN "'FAERMER. . as)





some way to Mackinac and from there

back east again. >



Another thing that did not please the

king at all was the fact that his wife

had visited the island during his absence

and had burned his robes and talked to

the people, counseling them against the

doctrine he preached, but his recent vic-

tory, together‘ with other happenings,

made him for the time a. king indeed,

whom none dared dispute. It was soon

after his‘return that he told James Bald-

win that he expected him, as one of his

elders, to comply with the law and take

another wife, and that he had selected

one for him.



VJim’s face paled at the command, but

he dared not disobey. As before stated,

he was a weak man and he now seemed

to be entirely under the control of Strang.



Myra Baldwin never forgot that day,

the last day of her happiness. After that

she was, as her name indicated, one who

weeps. She was singing about her work

with no thought of coming evil. James

had had to go to the tabernacle, he told

her, on business. and she had pouted a

little, declaring that the king was taking

too much of his time, but he kissed her

more tenderly than usual as he answered:

“I have to help make the laws you know

now, and there are many things that are

not pleasant that must be borne.” How

well she understood those words a few

hours later!



The supper had just been cleared away

when Myra burst into her parents’ home,

her face swollen and tear-stained, and

fell with a low cry at her mother's feet.



“0h, mother, why can't I die,” she

moaned.



“Myra, child, what has

asked her mother in alarm.



“James," she managed to falter, but

her words failed her and she could only

look at her mother in agony, hoping she

would understand.



“YVhat has happened to James, dear?

Try and tell me," her mother said sooth-

ingly, for she saw the girl was almost

prostrated, while Elinor, fearing she knew

not what. drew near and took her sister's

hand.



“I think I can tell you what this fuss

is all about,” broke in her father, coldly:

"James has obeyed the king and brought

home another wife."



"0, father—41nd you knew," moaned

ahe stricken girl.



' “"Why, yes, I knew, but what is the

use of making a fuss; it was bound to

come.”



Elinor was holding her sister in her

arms now, for her mother seemed de—

prived alike of speech or motion. Elinor

crooned over her as though she held a

baby that needed to be comforted. She

took no notice whatever of her father.



Mr. Brandon watched them for some

time in silence; then Myra found her

voice.



“Oh, how can I bear it! I never

dreamed of such a thing! James has told

me repeatedly that he would never think

of taking another wife. He kissed me

good-bye this morning and was as nice

as ever to me, and I was waiting for

him so happily—and when he came that

woman was with him. I could not believe

it at first, although James told me him-

self. He said he was sorry I felt so badly,

but it was the king's command and he

had to obey. He even suggested that we

try to live together like sisters. Sisters,

indeed! I would die first, and so I told

him. Oh, what shall I do?"



"Go back to your home like a sensible

woman and stop making such an out-

cry," answered her father. “It is the

only thing you can do; you certainly

cannot stay here."-



Myra staggered to her feet. “Do you

medn, father, that you refuse to give me

shelter? That you expect me to live in

the same house with that woman?"



“Certainly! You are a married woman

and your place is with your husband.”



"My husband! From this day I have

none, but do not fear, I will not trouble

you," and she turned toward the door.



“Wait a minute!" It was her mother's

voice, but oh, how changed; it out like

steel when she spoke again. “Amos

Brandon. one half of this property is

mine and I hold the deed to it. It was

money that came from my parents that

bought it.”



“No one has ever denied it, Martha,"

answered her husband in some surprise.



V”Because they cannot: father attended

to that when he made his will. When

Myr‘a goes from this door I go also, and

I demand that you set off to me the DOT-

tlon that is mine and my children's after

me, that we may have our living."



(To be continued).





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WEAVING FOR CHILDREN





BY GILBERTE HOLT.





To imitate the activities of the grown

people about them, gives. children the

keenest delight. So, while mother is

busy making the latest thing in woven

silk portieres, rag carpets, or bed-room

rugs, her small son or daughter should

have the joy of doing likewise; and at the

same time gain much educationally by

engaging in the more simple forms of the

craft of weaving.



Knowing, as we all do now, that in the

childhood of each boy and girl is paral-

lelled the successive stages of the child-

hood of the race, we should look to the

primitive industries for work to occupy

young brains and fingers. Weaving is

one of the oldest of the hand crafts. In-

deed, so ancient is it, that its beginnings

are lost in the mists of antiquity. All

little girls delight in doing it; also most

small boys. However, now and then a

boy of eight or ten years may be inclined

to feel that his masculine dignity neces-

sitates a protest that weaving is an oc-

cupation fit only for girls. But even while

he protests the loudest, his fingers will

fairly itch to push the strips “over one,

under one,” as he sees how easily and

quickly it is done, and how soon he will

have something to show for the effort

expended.



Even boys of twelve years, who have

found time hang heavy on their hands

have been induced to try weaving through

a reference to history, where they will

find that weaving was not always "wom-

en‘s work.” The men of ancient days

were expert weavers and handed -the art

down from father to son, or as an old

rhyme tells:



”The mothers taught their daughters,

sires their sons,



Thus in a line successively it runs



For general profit and for recreation,



From generation to generation.”



Children of four years may begin on the

simpler forms of weaving and the more

complicated designs will hold the interest

of children of more advanced years.



To begin this work with the little ones,

it is best to use the mats of the kinder-

garten, until the art of handling the ma-

terial is acquired. These mats may be

procured of any kindergarten supply

house, or can easily be made at home by

a mother or older sister.



The material required is a good firm

paper which will not readily tear. For

this purpose a. rough drawing paper,

which comes in cream, grey, tan and

white is very good. Then there is also

a cheap rag paper, commercially known

as bogus paper. This last makes Very

good material for early attempts, being

inexpensive, and as it. is quite stout is

less liable to tear. If neither of these

papers is obtainable, a strong quality of

butcher’s wrapping paper can be made

to serve. The only drawback to the bogus

and butcher’s papers is that they come

only in one not very attractive shade.

The bogus is drab and in so far as color

is concerned the butcher’s paper is more

satisfactory, For the weaving the mat

should be of one color while the strips

or weavers should vary either in color or

shade. if mats are bought from a supply

house, the strips are provided, but in the

home-made ones this difficulty may be

met by giving the child a new and de-

lightful occupation for a rainy afternoon;

that is, to color one sheet of paper, to be

afterwards cut into strips.



The coloring of the paper may be done

with either crayon or water colors. Take

the yellow brown butcher’s paper, for in-

stance, with strips colored either blue or

a DI‘EttY shade 0f green, this would work

up into a very effective mat. To prepare

home-made mats, take a sheet of butch-

er’s paper, out to any size square de-

sired (10x10- inches is a good size for a.

beginner), fold the square so it will be an

oblong 10x5 inches; at each end and

across the top (the top being where the





 





open ends are), draw a margin of one

inch. Along the bottom or folded end

measure one-half inch spaces, then from

bottom to top margin line out slits, open

paper and the mat is ready for use. For

the strips or weavers, cut the previously

colored paper into strips one—half inch

wide by 10 inches long. Then you are

ready for the weaving. The strips may

be inserted either with the fingers or

weaving needles which come for this pur-

pose. The needles are not a necessity,

but as the Work develops, in the finer

weaving where the weavers are much

narrower, the needle is a great aid to

short, unskilled fingers.





In following the directions for weaving,

do not count the border as a strip, the

weaver always goes under the border at

both sides. So, when the first direction

of weaving, over one, under one, is giv-

en, the first strip next the border is

where the count begins. This first step

is soon mastered and it may then be

varied by over one, under two, or in any

variation which may suggest itself in

developing a design. At first the child

will need some direction, but not for long,

for weaving holds a fascination of its

own and children love to experiment to

see how they may themselves work out

a pattern. Of course, in these early pat-

terns the idea of symmetry will be some-

what crude, but balance and proportion

are quickly learned with a little helpful

criticism as to where the originated de-

sign lacks these qualities. When the mat

is woven, the ends of the strips should





be pasted down on the under side of the

border strip.



Beside the pleasure a child enjoys in

this weaving play—work he unconsciously

begins the cultivation of such virtues as

patience, accuracy and economy. Only a.

certain number of strips, the number de-

pending on the size of the mat, should be

given to complete the work and the child

learns that he must not be careless or

wasteful of the paper strips or he will

lack material to complete his work.



After the child has once mastered the

way of doing the work he will greatly

enjoy the weaving, but some way of

utilizing the finished product must be de-

vised or interest will die through a feel-

ing of the uselessness of it and he will

feel that all his hard work has been of no

avail. This feeling of futility is most

harmful and so to prevent it, a use for

his weaving must be contrived. A little

ingenuity will suggest many things into

which the mats may be made. As folding

them into boxes, baskets, hair-rec'eivers,

covers for magazines, picture frames, etc.



Three mats might be fastened together

to form a flowerpot holder; the fasten-

ing to be done either with paper clips or

by sewing along the edges with yarn.

'A, really attractive handkerchief box

was made of eight mats, 8x10 inches in

size. To make this box, paste two mats

together back to back for the cover, do

the same for bottom of the box; for the

two long sides fold and paste two mats

the long way, so they will be 10x4 inches,

for the short ends of the box, fold and

paste two mats the short way, 8x5 inches;

punch holes along edges and sew together,

sew outer edge of cover to the long back

side, fasten in front with large ribbon

bow. This model was worked out at

Christmas time, the colors employed be-





 





ing the holly red and green. The bow of

ribbon “-was bright red and a spray of

artificial holly‘vthrust through the bow of

ribbon completed a. most attractive gift.

At another time this. same model was

worked out in lavender and. green and

filled with spring wild flowers, and

brought a bit of outdoor life to a shut in.



A few articles made of paper is quite

sufficient and if the weaving has been

given to the child in such a way that he

has found the play element in the occu-

pation, he will wish to continue the work

in more lasting material, as did one little

girl. She had woven a doll bed cover and

then grew ambitious and made a spread

for her own bed. This cover was very

pretty, worked out in delft blue and white

to match the small weaver’s room decora-

tions. The idea, could,‘of course, be de-

veloped in any color or material desired.

This one was made of blue percale cut

into squares 8x8 inches. These squares

were slit the same as the paper mats,

then woven with one—half inch strips of

white percale. The ends of the strips

were tacked down. Then the requisite

number of squares for the size of the bed

were sewed together in a manner similar

to the old style patchwork quilt. The

completed_spread was lined with blue

percale. and a fringe of blue and white

cotton weaving twine was added.



The weaving of the cover might have

been all done in one piece the size wished,

but to do this it would have been neces-

sary to put the work in a frame which

would have taken up a good deal of

space; also, all the work would have to

be done in one place. Whereas, by doing

it in the small squares, the little girl did

not feel the task irksome, as she did the

weaving at odd moments and the work

was often carried to the homes of her





 





 





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‘4“,1146 4‘0”".





 





 





Living Room in Mr. Cook’s Country Home. (See Illustration of





THE COUNTRY HOME.

(Continued from first page).



for each bed-room, and a. sleeping-room



on the first floor.



Figure one shows our home. Like the

vegetables in the cellar and the children

on the porch, it literally grew on the

place, for excepting the shingles, every

foot of lumber came out of our farm

woodlot, another-argument for conser-

vation. Above is shown one end of our sit-

ting-room. At the time the picture was





 





taken the gramophonc was giving us a

talk by President Taft on the Postal

Savings Bank. The badger on 'the mantel

was killed in our woods. The baseball

by the clock was won by our country

team of farmer boys in a clash with the

team from a neighboring town.



The money that we have invested in

comforts and conveniences would have

purchased forty, or possibly eighty, acres

of land. But will not the influence and

memory of a home of which they are

proud, 8. home which yields nothing in





Exterior on First Page).





the way of comfort, convenience or recre-

ation to the homes of their city friends,

be a richer heritage for our children than

an extra eighty? On too many farms

the end and aim of life seems to be to

buy another forty, but the sum total of

happiness in hundreds of thousands of

farmers' families would be vastly aug-

mented by selling a forty, if necessary,

and using the money to improve the

home by installing modern appliances and

purchasing comforts and conveniences.

Shiawassee Co. A. B. COOK.
' Engaging. 3f.





friends-where she, might work. in com-

Pa-n)’. , . ' ‘ .. :5» .. _ .

Her brother of twelve irfiade. a smart

looking pillow of-jwovon'. leather for his

room. For thié-hOhad a’ square of rus-

set brown leather 18x18 inches for his

foundation or mat; With a sharp knife

he cut the slits; then for'hls weavers he

used scarlet leather out. in strips one-

quarter of an inch wide and 24 inches

long, the strips being the extra six inches

in length that they ‘might make a three-

inch fringe at either side of the pillow.

Being Well and tightly woven. the natural





stiffness of the leather kept the strips in .





place without further fastening. This

boy had woven enough to become inter-

ested in design and so instead of the

simple form employed by his little sister

in her spread, his pillow was woven in

a pattern of his own invention. In cut—

ting a‘ mat for a design of this type be

sure there is an uneven number of slits.

For making this pattern the directions

are: ‘



First strip—Over 1, under 15, over 1.



Second strip—Under 1,‘ over 1, under

6, over 1, under 6, over 1, under 1.



Third Strip—Under 2, over 1, under 4.

over 1, under 1, over 1, under 4, over 1,

under 2.



Fourth strip—Under 3, over 1, under 9,

over 1, under 3.



Fifth strip.——Under 4, over 1, under 1,

over 1, under 1, over 1, under 1, over 1,

under 1, over 1, under 4.



Sixth strip—Under 5, over 1, under 1,

over 1, under 1,_ over 1, under 1, over 1,

under 5.



Seventh strip—Under 6, over 1, under

1, over 1. under 1, over 1, under 6.



Eighth strip—Under 7, over 1, under 1,

over 1, under 7.



Ninth strip—Under 1, over 1, under 2,





over 1, under 3, over 1, under, 3, over 1,





under 2, over 1, under 1.



This ninth strip is the middle one in

the pattern and the remaining portion is

worked out by going backwards, as the

tenth strip is the same as the eighth; the

eleventh, like seven and so on. These,

of course, are merely examples of what

.the simple weaving may be developed

into.



But to return to the easier weaving

for children from four to seven. A doll

hammock gives much pleasure and is

simple of construction. It is made on a

small cardboard loom.



To make the loom, cut cardboard 6x8

inches, punch two rows of holes about

one-quarter of an inch apart. In the

middle of the back of the card sew loosely

two brass rings, which have been previ-

ously tied together. Tie one end of the

warp cord through the brass ring, "No. 1.

Put the other end of the cord through the

first hole of the lower row, bring it

through to the right side, and draw it

through the first hole in the upper row

and down on the wrong side to the sec-

ond brass ring. Pass it through the ring

and back to the second hole on the upper

row, then through the second hole in the

lower row through ring No. 1 again and

so continue until the warp is completed.

Then with either Germantown yarn or

rafiia, as woof threads, weave. over one,

under one until the hammock is complet-

ed. 'To take the hammock from the loom

it is necessary to‘ destroy the loom. But

any piece of cardboard box will do to

make another loom, so the expense is

practically nothing.



Small circular mats which can be used

on the table under hot dishes can be

made on small circular looms. The diam-

eter of the loom will depend upon the

size of the mat required. For a small

mat as a beginning, cut a circle of card-

boa‘ru six inches in diameter, one—quarter

of an inch from the edge, make a row of

holes. It is necessary to have an un-

even number of holes. Place them one-

quarter of an inch apart, measure the

distance accurately, for' the main beauty

in this type of mats, lies in their even-

ness and accuracy. In the center of the

cardboard cut a hole one-quarter of an

inch in diameter. Wind the warp threads.

any stout twine would answer, beginning

at the center hole. Hold the warp in po-

sition, pass it over the upper side of the

card, through a hole at the edge, around

the back of the card and through the

center. Continue to wind back and forth,

passing through the outer row of holes

in regular order and back again each

time through the center hole. Begin to

weave at the center on the upper side of

the card and work , toward the edge' of

the circle. Be careful not to draw the

w00f too tight in going over and under

the warp or the mat will bulge and not

lie flat when taken tram the loom. When

the weaving is done, out the warp threads

on the back half my between the edge





and the center of the cardboard. The.





 

 

 





 





ends at the outer edges are either tied ._





together to form a fringe or like those

at the center are, with a darning needle,

nun into the weaving on the wrong side





of the mat. The material used in these.

mats may be either macrame cord, in.





white or colors, or the warp may be of

the macrame cord and the woof of raffle.

The raffia makes the more durable and

attractive mat for table use, but the

macrame cord is more pliable for small

fingers.



Unless a. child is ten years of age or

older, the loom would have to be pre-

pared for him and he would probably re-

quire some assistance in the finishing,

but the weaving could be readily done by

any child of five years or over.



Raflia, which is the inner fibrous bark

of a tropical tree, is very good for weav-

ing. It may be bought at quite reasonable

prices at florists, wholesale seed houses

or kindergarten supply houses. It comes

either in the natural. straw shade or dyed

any color desired.





 





THE SUNDAY DINNER.





 





Mock Bisque Soup Croutons

Jellied ‘Chicken



Escalloped Potatoes



Celery and Nut Salad





Mashed Parsnips





Peach Cottage Pudding Nectar Sauce





Mock Bisque Soup.—Cook sufficient to—

matoes to give one pint of liquid when

put through the strainer, allowing them

to simmer on the back of the range at

least an hour as the flavor is improved

by long cooking. Add a quarter teaspoon

of soda while cooking to neutralize the

acid. Make one pint of white sauce, by

melting two tablespoons of butter ,in a

saucepan, stirring in one tablespoonful

of flour and adding one pint of scalded

milk a little at a time, stirring constantly

to prevent lumps forming. Add the t0-

mato which has been strained, boil up at

once and serve with a tablespoonfui of

whipped cream on each individual ser-

vice. A bit of finely minced parsley

sprinkled on the cream gives a pretty

touch to the dish. For croutons, cut

stale bread in inch cubes and toast 8.

nice brown in the oven.



Jellied Chicken—Stew a chicken slow-

ly, for two hours, or until tender. Re-

move the skin and bones and simmer an

hour longer in the broth. Put the meat

through the food chopper, using the

coarse knife. Strain the stock, add a

half ounce of gelatine, which has been

soaked in cold water, pour in the meat

and then pour all in a chilled mould. One

chicken will require a quart of stock to

form a nice mould.



Mashed Parsnips.—~If parsnips are wilt-

ed soak two hours in very cold water,

scrub and boil with the skins on. When

done, drop in cold water and remove the

skins quickly, as you do beet skins. Put

in a dish over boiling water and mash

and season.



Peach Cottage Pudding—Mix three

tablespoonfuls of melted butter with one-

half cup of sugar, add one well beaten

egg. one cup of milk, two cups of flour,

three level teaspoonfuls of baking pow-

der and one and one-half cupfuls of

canned peaches sliced thin. Bake in a

buttered and floured tin half an hour.

For the nectar sauce, strain the peach

juice and add three-fourths cup of sugar.

Roll up, thicken with two teaspoons of

cornstarch and add a teaspoon of vanilla.





 





RECIPES.





Wants a Crack Filler.





Vi’ill someone tell me through the paper

how to make a good crack filler for a

floor that I wish to oil and varnish? I

will send some recipes later.-——Mrs. J.

W. P. .



Besides the recipes printed in response

to Mrs. A. C.’s request for pickles that

will keep, thanks are due to Mrs. F. E.

P., Mrs. E. 0, “Reader," Mrs. L. W. A-r

Minnie A., An Interested Reader. Mrs.

L. W. 1..., Mrs. L. M. 1100.. Mrs. M. R.

and Mrs. S. C.



Mock Angel Food.



Set one cup of milk into a dipper of

boiling water and heat to the boiling

point; into a sitter put one cup of flour,

one cup of sugar, three teaspoonfuls of

baking powder, pinch of salt. Sift to-

gether four times; into this pour the cup

of scalded milk and stir smooth. Then

put in. the well beaten whites of two

eggS; do not stir or beat eggs in but

told them in carefully, drawing the spoon

back and forth until evenly folded into

batter. Do not grease the tin. Ice with





 





made from flour.





ers and brain builders.





 





«o'>“4t‘vw gram,v -, («1.1“ .1“ Anon-“mm *mam-m‘mxum 1-. - ., ..





-.





(15’ 523. .





The people of the United States

are known all over the world as a

Nation of dyspeptics. We don't take





Everyone would live longer-be healthier.

feel better. do better work. and do it with

greater case if more time were taken in eating

and more UNEEDA BISCUIT eaten. UNEEDA

BISCUIT are the most nutritious of all foods

UNEEDA BISCUIT are

always fresh, clean, crisp and good.



UN EEDA BISCUIT are muscle mak-



In short,



the National Soda Crackers are





 





 





 





Heat that; ' i

does not? "

38211:) Your"

En'er





 





 





 





45$





2'.\\‘





,9,»





2 <





 

 

 





and old. Sanitary, too.

WARM

Jewel AIR





 





otovo plan





   





t in the world.





copy today.





DETROIT





 





 

 

 





of energy—makes you dull, listless, drowsy '





On the other hand, fresh warm air such asiscircu-

lated throughout the house by “Jewel” Warm Air is

energizing. healthful, invigorating and good for young





Furnaces





provide the safest, simplest. moot healthful and most

economical method of warming your home, church, school

or store. They both heat and ventilate. Lower in first cool:

than hot water or steam and always better—when properly

installed. No unsightly dust collecting radiators, no

expensive piping. Easily installed. We show how. erleso

fuel, give more heat. Require minimum attention. Don't

buy any kind of cheating plant until you find out about 5

Jewel Furnaces. Made and guaranteed by the largest





 





Got This Free Book On House m

ktcllo some startling facts—makes some bold statements about oanitary' .

house heating—backs them up by qua ' from themes: eminent authorities.

Shows plans of new building; prices 0 installation, etc. Tells you what

you must know before you can settle the heating question. Write [or a





DETROIT STOVE WORKS

ML ‘1‘ -





Lama Stooo Plant a} sh. World





 





 





 

 

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

 





 

   

   

   

   





 





 





PRAIRIE [AM]





was



E‘s-Ado. Good

0 roflroodl, two more coming. big crops, lou- gnu,



good markets,



In three years or lou. Write for free -



Momrslooo. msumnuwul Kiln-fl.





oomoihbor. lutgniuoodeottledhtflotof

mrmumnm-w.





on“ l.B.UIo,hndpoyo tor“

loyal-In.





1 Book Building, lino-polls.





 





 





Please .mention the Michigan Farmer when you

are Wl‘ltll‘ig to advertisers andyou will do us a favor.
ii

‘ i.

it





3.1::





‘hfi





524 as) - :

sugar. This will melt in your mouth. -—

Mrs. L. R.



A Good Potato Salad.'





Boil potatoes, with skins on, enough to

make two or three pints; when cold





-peel and chop fine; boil eggs in shell till





hard, three to six, the more the better;





.when cold chop whites fine and add to





chopped potatoes. Chop one or two on-

ions fine and add to potatoes and eggs,

if you have celery chop one bunch fine

and add to mixture; then add a tea-

spoonful of white mustard seed whole,

and a little salt and pepper to taste; then

mash up the yolks of eggs; pour over

them a little vinegar, ,mix well and pour





over the mixture; beat an egg, pour into~





a fourth a cup of vinegar, set on stove and

stir Constantly until thoroughly cooked.

Then pour this over the mixture and stir

all together. If it should lack salt or

vinegar a little more may be added.—

Mrs. L. R. .



Cucumber Pickles.





In response to Mrs. M. C., I will give

my method of canning cucumbers. In

the first place, use a variety suited for

the purpose. The garden sorts best

adapted to slicing are not desirable as

they are too immature when small enough

for canning. I use the “Boston Pickling.”

\Vash clean with a brush or soft cloth.

Let them stand about 12 hours in a brine

made by adding one heaping tablespoon-

ful of salt to one quart of water. Drain

thOroughly in a sieve or colander, pouring

a little clear water over them to remove

all brine. Pack tightly into fruit cans

and leave in a warm place while the

vinegar is heating. I'se one teacup of

sugar to two quarts of vinegar and spices

if you choose. W'hen the vinegar is hot

pour over the pickles until the cans are

full. It is well to leave the cans unsealed

for a short time, keeping a portion of the

vinegar hot so, if there is any settling,

the jars may be refilled before the cov-

ers are tightened. Allow them to cool

slowly. I have used this method several

years and my pickles are always nice and

crisp. If home-made cider vinegar is

used it may be diluted somewhat. Com-

mercial vinegar is none to strong—A. E.

H. M.



Chocolate Frosting.



Half cup of sugar, 14 cake grated choc-

olate. Mix thoroughly and add enough

water to dissolve. Boil until it will hair

when dropped from a spoon. Pour over

the white of one egg, beaten to a froth,

and beat until cool enough to spread.

This will cover one loaf—A. E. H. M.





Who Cans Peas and Beans?



Can some of our readers please give

me a recipe for canning green string

beans and green peas so they can used in

winter, and can the spring top tin cans

that one buys molasses in, be used if

sealing wax is used on them?—Mrs.M. R.





Cucumber Pickles.



Half bushel cucumbers, 1 large cup of

salt, boiling water to cover. Let stand

24 hours, then drain, take half vinegar

and half water to cover pickles, alum the

size of a walnut. Let boil and pour over

pickles, let stand 24 hours. Then take

one gallon of weakened vinegar, three

pounds light brown sugar, five cents

worth of celery and mustard seed, mixed.

Let boil and pour over pickles packed in

cans—Mrs. E. M. G.



Chocolate Frosting.



One cup sugar, half cup milk, one

square grated chocolate. Boil six min-

utes, then stir until just right to spread

on cake.——-Mrs. P.



Squash Bread.



Heat one cup of sweet milk and pour

onto one cup of steamed and sifted

squash, one-quarter cup butter, one-half

cup sugar, one-half teaspoon of salt. Stir

all together' and when luke warm add

one-half yeast cake and four cups sifted

bread flour. Cover, let rise over night.

In morning cut the light dough down with

knife, fill bread pan or gem tins half full.

When risen to top of tins it is ready to

bake.——Mrs. P.



A Request.



Will someone please' send recipe for



making squash pies?—~Mrs. P.

Graham Bread.



Will someone please send through the

Michigan Farmer, a recipe for graham

bread, made of sour milk or buttermilk?

—Mrs. L. M. Mc.



Potato Salad.



Boil potatoes with skins on, peel and

cut in small pieces. Make a dressing of

two eggs, half cup of cream, half cup of

sugar, half cup of vinegar, one level tea—

spoonful of ground mustard. Put all in

pans but eggs, beat them, add, and when





‘ cool pour over potatoes. If too thick add





more cream. This is very nice.

Will someone send recipe for fruit bars,





 





such as bakers make? I find much profit

in the Woman’s Department. Think Deb-

orah especially good. Also like Mrs. Lit-

tell’s articles on food—An Interested

Reader.



A Cheap Potato salad.





One cup of vinegar, butter the-size of

nut, one teaspoonful of mustard, quarter

cup of sugar, yolks of two eggs, two

tablespoons of flour, salt and pepper to

taste. When cold add cream to thin as

desired. Chop potatoes or cabbage fine,

add as much of dressing as you like, and

put the rest in a cool place. It will keep

for a limited time.—-’-Mrs. L. W. A.



If you desire me to, will send a recipe

for cucumber salad that makes a fine

relish. (Send it on. —Ed.)



Two Recipes.



We are sending two recipes and would

ask the readers to try both and please

report in these columns how they suit

you. The first is cream pie. That is

made with water. Make a bottom crust

and bake before the filling is put in. Now

for filling: One pint of boiling water,

half cup of sugar, a little butter, two

tablespoons corn starch, one egg, that is,

take the yolk and beat with the corn

starch to a smooth batter, adding the

flavoring, your choice. Now take the

white of that egg and three teaspoons of

sugar, beat to a froth for a frosting.

Place in your oven to brown—«Mrs. A. C.



Roll Jelly Cake.



Three eggs, one cup sugar, one cup

flour, three tablespoons milk, one heap-

ing teaspoon baking powder. —Mrs. A. C.



Cucumber Pickles.



Take a small cucumber that will go

nicely into a glass can, put in a weak

brine over night. Next morning take

good cider vinegar, a few pickling spices

and a small quantity of dill. Put the

vinegar and other ingredients in a stew

pan and bring to scalding point. Then

put in the cucumbers and let them scald

through but do not cook too much. Take

cucumbers out, put in cans and pour the

hot .vinegar over them. Seal while hot.

’We have good success with cucumbers

where they are put down in salt and got

soft by taking them right out of the

brine, putting in an earthen jar, pouring

boiling water on them and letting stand

until cold. Then change water. Put on

cold water until the salt is all out of

them. The cucumber would be as hard

as when first put in the brine.~Mrs.

I. S. C.



Fried Cakes.





Two medium-sized potatoes, mashed;

pinch of salt, one cup brown sugar, but-

ter size of walnut, two eggs, half cup of

sweet milk, two teaspoons of baking pow-

der.—Mrs. L. W. L.



Cucumber Pickles.



Take one peek of small cucumbers,

wash thorougl..y, put in salt brine, two

cups of salt to one gallon of water. Let

stand 48 hours, take out of brine, dash

cold water over the cucumbers, spread

out on table and dry. Then put into tw0‘

quart jars a layer of cucumbers, and

spice you may like. I use the mixed

spice. \Vhen bottle is half full put in

four large tablespoons of brown sugar

then fill jar as before. Fill up with good

vinegar, cold, put ring and cap on jar and

screw tight. Good to use.in about two

weeks. I have put up pickles this way

for some of our leading hotels here in

Menominee. P. F. C.



Sliced Cucumber Pickles.



Slice 12 cucumbers with skins on, and

one. medium onion. Put in large table-

spoon of salt, let stand one hour. Put

n fire in stewpan, one and a' half cups

of vinegar, one and a half cups of brown

sugar, one tablespoon celery seed, one

teaspoon whole black pepepr. Press cu-

cumbers out of the brine, put into the

boiling vinegar, let boil until they look

glossy, remove from fire. Let cool and

put in jars or glasses—P. F. C.



Would Like Cornstarch Cake.



One cup granulated sugar, one cup

salt, one cup mustard, one gallon good

vinegar. I put this in a two-gallon jar

then add the cucumbers a few at a time

as I pick them, put grape leaves over

them, then a plate to keep them under

vinegar. Of course, most housewives

know that not all vinegar, that is so

strong that it has to be diluted, is good

vinegar. Would be glad if someone

would send a tested cornstarch layer

cake.—— B. E 8.



Editor Household Department: —I find

a recipe for fruit cake taken from a

German chef and sent by Mrs. S. Now,

is there not an pmisslon of soda or baking

powder in the recipe? It would seem

that there must be. ——Mrs. C. . - p



The recipe was printed as contributed.

'Will Mrs. S. please tell us if soda or

baking powder is required? .Thank you

for the cream puff recipe. It will surely

appear later. —(Ed.) .





 





[Gimm- FARMER.‘





A MAY DAY FROLIC.





 





BY GENEVA M. SEWELL.





Cut stiff white note paper into the form

of a huge daisy, and write the invitation

on the petals; put it into one of the cun—

ning little baskets that may be purchased

for a few cents, and tag with a floral tag

having the name and address written on

it. Then have it delivered by some small

boy or girl who may'carry all the invita-

tions in a. big basket.



The house decorations should be very

leafy and flowery, using whole branches

of apple or other tree blossoms. Have a

large, round hoop fastened up in the cen-

ter of the room, from which hang half as

many tissue paper strips of different col-

ors as there are to be guests, two strips

of each color. When the guests arrive

let the men choose a bow from one bas-

ket and the ladies from another; these

bows will match the colors of the hoop

and each two getting the same color will

be partners for the little game called a

Floral Romance, for which the hostess

has prepared a little booklet with the

title and a bunch of flowers on the out-

side and the questions on the-inside. The

questions are to be answered by the name

of a flowor or plant and instead of writing

the answer the guessers are to paste in

place a picture of the flower cut from a

colored catalog and gummed ready to

stick in by moistening. These flowers are

in a basket fastened to each two colors,

which are alike, making one basket and

set of flowers do for each two guests. The

Floral Romance will be found at the end

of this article. More flowers than are

used should be placed in the basket.





The place cards are miniature May

poles made from short wooden skewers

stuck into spools and then all given a

coat of white enamel, then strips of dif-

ferent colored crepe tissue paper are fast-

ened at the top all braided partly down

then parted enough to show the name

written in gilt on the “pole.” These are

to be taken home as souvenirs.





The confectionery should be served in

little baskets and the ices made in flower

forms if your caterer is capable of it.





The prizes may be bouquets of cut

flowers in a pretty May basket or a

growing plant or some choice flower

seeds or flower stick or scarf pins. Any

simple article will do.



This is the “Floral Romance,” with

answers in parenthesis:



\Vhat was her name? (Rose or Lily)



\\ hat did she say about marrying? (I

marigold).



\thn a lover proposed to her on his

knees what did she say? (Johnny-jump—

up).



When he went away what did she give

him? (Bachelor’s buttons).



Whom did she say she loved more?

(Sweet \Villiam).



When he proposed what did she say?

(Ask poppy)-



that did sweet \Villiam bring her?

(Heart‘s ease).



Where did she get buttons for her Wed-

ding dress? (From the button bush).



What did she wear on her hands?

(Fox-gloves).



And on her feet? (Lady’s slippers).



“he married them? (The cardinal, as-

sitsed by Jack—in-the-pulpit).



At what time was the wedding? (At

four o’clock).



Name some presents. (A shepherd’s

clock, a hare bell and a great candle-

stick).



What nickname did they give their

boy? (Gen. Jacque).



W'hat did he play with? (A rattle box).

What did they whip him with? (A

golden rod).



What would he do then? (Balsam——

bawl some).





 





TO REMOVE INK SPOT3_





 





In reply to Mrs. A. W. would suggest

that she try oxalic acid to remove the ink

stains from her white silk dress. Buy

the crystal and dissolve in water, all the

water will take up. Then soak the spot

in the solution, leaving in only a few

minutes at a time. \\'hen the stain is

removed rinse in ammonia water. If a

brown spot remains, soak a few moments

in chloroform.





 





To make lace curtains last longer,

when you launder them take them down,

dust well and fold up. Soak over night

in clear cold water, wring through the

wringer, soak in hot suds; then wring,

soak in boiling water, 'wring, rinse, and

starch. Do not unfold until you are ready

to put on stretchers. ——E. R. B. M.





 





mm“ 191:. .





’ A Wioow's LUCK“

Quit the Tiling Til-acres Slowly lnlurlng





A woman tells how coffee kept her from

insuring her life: .



“I-suffered for many years chiefly from

trouble with my heart, with severe nerv—

ous headaches and neuralgia; but al-

though incapacitated at times for my

housework, I did not rralize the gravity

of my condition till I was rejected for life

insurance, because, the examining physi-

cian said my heart was so bad he could

not pass me.



“This distressed me very much, as I

was a widow and had a child dependent

upon me. It was 0 protect her future

that I wanted to insure my life.



“Fortunately for me, I happened to

read an advertisement containing a testi-

monial from a man who had been affect-

ed in the same way that I was with heart

trouble, and who was benefited by leav-

ing off coffee and using Postum. I grasped

at the hope this held out, and made the

change at once.



“My health began to improve imme—

diately. The headaches and neuralgia

disappeared, I gained in flesh, and my

appetite came back to me. Greatest of

all, my heart was strengthened from the

beginning, and soon all the distressing

symptoms passed away. No more wak-

ing up in the night with my heart trying

to fly out of my mouth!



“Then I again made application for

life insurance, and had no trouble in

passing the medical examination.



“It was seven years ago that I began

to use Postum and I am using it still,

and shall continue to do so, as I find it

a guarantee of good health.” Name given

by Postum Company, Battle Creek, Mich.



“There’s a reason."



Read the big little book, “The Road to

VVellville,” in pkgs.





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true,

and full of human interest.





Dress 92 Youngsters





with the famous,

finest quality,long-

est wearing and

very fetching





so





(Fifty Your: the Standard!)





and your children will

look so stylish and up-to-

date they’ll be models of

tidy appearance. The

cost won’t be much— we

and up a yard—but the

long wear will surprise

you. Pacific Percale:

have been for fifty years

the preferred pennies.

The patterns are a revelation, in a large variety of

dainty creations as well as in the quiet tones and in

white and black.



Ask your dealer to show you Pacific Percale:





and look for this trade mark on each piece—

the guarantee of most stylishO designs a n d





 





 





 

 

 

 





longest wear—unfadable — wash easy as a

cotton sheet and do up to the Queen’s taste.



If your dealer doesn’t carry Pacific Percales, write

us for free samples and list of retailers who will





supply you.





PACIFIC MILLS - BOSTON, MASS.





I SHADE

R0 L LE R 5

Original and unequalled.

Wood or tin roll en. 'lmptoved

requires no tacks. Inventor' 8

signature on WW1 ne:





Llfiflf/Yl/YO’





Safeguard your home. The DOD!) SYSTEM of

protection 3 the standard. Only system endorsed

by 2000 insurance companies. Lowers insurance

rates. Agents wanted. Fine, large Lightning Book

with vivid lightning scenes. freo. Address





noun a. smumans, 429 6th Am, Des Ilolnos. II.

THE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF





WELL DRILLING





MACH IN E R Y i“.9é"§2'§£n£

ing it for over 20 years. Do not buy until you





see our new Illust t d C ‘ .

forltn0w 1t s figfnnltalogue No 14 Send





Austin Manufacturing 60., ilhlcngo





N 0 TI C E— fiEbPLMBANT WOOLEN MILL





 





 





   





 





 





GAN I work up wool for .





farmers by pound or yard. Blenheim, yarn. wool

batting for yoomfortables nnd' makow ool mattress out

of your own wool. A postal will tell you all about it.
I

i.

l

,K





- 'w- .1. «





 





 





 





Right?





If you have graded hides





for many years, have mas-

tered the tsnner's art and

served an apprenticeship st

the harness making trade.

then you are safe in buying

harness on our own judg-

ment; not 0 erwise.





You can buy. and probably

have done so, u t e ju

ment of some riend only



disappointed with your

purchase.





Why risk your money on

anybody‘s guess? Bu Wil-

liams’ Guaranteed uality

Harness from us and let us





' beresponsible for the result.





If Williams' Guaranteed

Quality Harness fails togive‘

absolute satlsisction ou have

only to say so. e will



rom tly return your money,



clu ing any freight charges

you may have paid. p





 





Owing to the late s r we

are offering a speci in use-

ment to harness buyers in

the above Williams' Double

Farm Harness. We will fill

orders for this harness at the

special prices quoted below

until June 30th only. Here

is a chanceto make a sub-

stantial saving ona splendid

harness.





Williams’ Double Farm Har-

ness: Bridles. %-inch- Concord

Blinds—Lines, 1 %—inc . 18 feet

long—S teel ~C lad Ball To

Homes—Bree. st Stra s an

Martingales, 1 -inc -—Hip

Straps, l Mg-inch— races, 1 56

and 1 %-inch.





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





v





 





t No. 1061131572 l%—inch

cdllafi‘gi'. ..w.‘. . .f’l‘.‘ $28-25

No. 10619573 l%-inch





traces. without

collars. .. .. .. .. . $29-39

Our Special Harness Catalo hilly

describes more than seventy liter-

ent atterns of Williams’ Guaranteed

Qua ‘v Harness' also saddles and

ssddlery floods of every kind. Free

for the as tag. You need this book

orse.





, con flagration.





 





 





if you own a





SERSROEBUCK





 





 

   





 





SALESHEN WANTED





Trained Salesmen earn from 31.21”» to

310.0(041) a year. and expenses. Hundreds of

tgoood positions now 0 in No experience needed



get one of them. e will assist you to secure

a position where you can get Practical Ex ri-

ence as a Salesman and earn $100 a man or

more while you are arning. Write to-dsy for

our free book "A night of the Grip.’ list

of good openings, and testimonials from hun-

dreds of men recently placed in good positions.



Address nearest office. Dept. 221





National Selesmen’e Training Association

Lena” New York Kenn City Seattle New Orleans





P. & B. Fence Anchors





Keep bogs from going under

_ Wire fence. Hold fence down

in crossmg depressions. Protect

stock from lightning by ground

connection. Hold in any soil. By

their use you can set your





Posts 35-40 Ft. Apart





Simple, cheap. easy to use. No dig-

ging necessary. Special driving tool

free with orders of 100 or over.



your dealer or write to





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





J. M. PEEL & BRO” Be: 102 Merysville,0hio





 





 





Farm Fence and Gates





Iii-isle ”it infinitifxrzl'lt‘l,

Aunt/Any





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





fence. Best of gal-L

‘ n ., .- _ vanizing. Great!

' ‘3? £15,"? CAN! strength-long ser-

g ring-rev vice. Write today.

.‘\ 1": 2'; The Ward Fens. Co



" " ‘ 3 Ben "filleestnrJ-d.





 





 

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Small Holland Family, man and wife. bothgdod

A milkers Would like eflace on 3 Dairy Farm

Address. e.‘n. CREAMER . Grand Rapids, Mich'





DRY BATTERIES range, densest”

. . 8V9

. P rti 1 f .

tnnsnrrssirgnm‘t. songs. H.





JUST SAY "‘st your Ad. in the

. . l'llchigsn Farmer ”

when writing to "our Advertisers.





 





(Continued from page 516).



000. Only twee persons lost lives in the

Armed troops patrol the

streets. The unfortunate business con-

cerns state that they will immediately

rebuild. But few families are reported

destitute as the residences burned be-

longed largely to the more wealthy resi-

dents.



Governor Harmon, of Ohio. has inter-

vened to prevent the legislature of that

state from investigating bribery charges

of assemblymen, since parties confessing

before a legislative body are immune

from prosecution under Ohio laws, and

now the prosecuting attorney of Frank—

lin county and the attorney general of

the state will bring the men before a

grand jury.



Foreign.



The Mexican government has appointed

Manuel De Zamacona. ambassador to the

United States.



The Mexican rebels have captured the

port of Topolobampo which is but a. short

distance from the cities of Fuerte and Sa.

Bias, places recently taken by the rebels.

The towns of Caborca and Pitiquito of

the state of Sonora were taken by the

federal forces after a long contest. The

parties failed to live up to the conditions

of the recent armistice declared to give

opportunity to consider peace arrange-

ments, and secretely preparations were

being made to take advantage of the de-

lay in fighting.



Sir Wilfred Laurier, prime minister

of Canada is being placed in a dilemma

by the failure of the government to pass

the reciprocity agreement since as long

as it is before the Canadian parliament

he feels obliged to be present, and yet it

is almost obligatory upon him to attend

the coronation in England of King George

VII and the imperial conference of the

rulers of the British possessions. The

minority party of the Canadian legisla-

tive body has the power of blocking legis-

lation almost indefinitely by taking ques—

tions to the people, making them issues

upon which representatives are elected

to the parliament. The opposition to the

reciprocity agreement has made it known

that every avenue open will be taken ad—

vantage of to defeat the measure.



French capitalists are asking conces-

sions of the Brazilian government to

build and equip a railroad between Rio

.Tanerio and Buenos Ayres. The object

of the road is to bring the products of

Argentine in closer connection with

France and other European countries.



A conference of the potash interests of

America. is being held in Berlin, Ger-

many, where it is expected that recent

differences will be settled.



A revolution has started in the province

.of Canton, China. The rebels succeeded

gin forcing back the government troops

and are now devastating the country of

the province. An outlaw horde is taking

advantage of the weakness of govern-

mental control and is adding terror to

the situation. The American gunboat

\Yilmington is protecting the city of

Shamien.



The natives of a German province,

Kamerun, of equatorial Africa, have re-

volted, and German troops have been

sent out to quiet them.



The Camorra. trial in Italy has again

been resumed after a recess of several

days owing to the illness of a juror. The





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.



Genesee Co., April 29.——Nice warm rain

and fine growing weather are starting

vegetation in great shape. Oat crop

mostly in and quite a number of fields

show green already. Pastures being

turned into and live stock generally look-

ing well. Work on stone roads begun;

several miles to be built this season on

trunk lines leading out of Flint. Hired

help not plentiful for farm work and

wages are high. Produce as follows:

Wheat, 84c; oats, 350; corn, 55c; pota-

toes, 55c; baled hay, $12@15 per ton;

dressed hogs, 7@71/zc; butter, 240; eggs,

17c; cows and horses both high.



leingston Co., April 22.——The weather

thus far during the month has been very

cold and not more than 25 per cent of the

oats are sown in this section. Wheat

has come through the winter in excellent

condition and promises a. bumper crop.

New seeding is also looking well but old

seeding was badly injured. Pastures

have only started slightly and unless

warm weather comes soon feed will be





 





 





 





very scarce. Farm help very scarce and

wages paid are almost prohibitive.

\Veather conditions good for working

horses.



Gratiot Co., April 26.——The weather has

been dry through the month, no heavy

rains, and grass is slow in starting.

Vl'heat is looking well. Oats will be

nearly all in by Saturday, April 29, if

the weather is fair all week. Light

freezes occur nearly every night. Pro-

duce has not materially changed in price

since last month.



Ottawa Co., April 28.——Nearly every

farmer in this section has his oats all

sown, and it is seldom that the ground

is in as good condition for putting in

this crop as it has been this spring. A

few ha‘Ve commenced plowing for corn,

and an increased acreage will be planted

this season. \‘Vheat is looking well with

the prospects favorable for more than an

average crop. Meadows and pastures

ore a little backward; what is needed

Just at present is a good warm rain. The

prospects for fruit are very flattering. as

the season has been favorable. Hay is

getting very scarce, with prices advanc-

ing, $22 per ton is being paid in some

markets. Prices for almost all other

farm products have been on the decline.

Wool is only bringing from 12@17c per

pound, and sheep and lambs are corres-

pondingly cheaper than they have been

for several years. This is so discouraging

that many farmers will quit the sheep

business. Nearbr everyone blames the

reciprocxty treaty for this state or thingS.





V THE -MfCHlG;A‘Ni alsARMBVR;





 





   





’ <17) 525





 





 





 





ff!





 





Watch.





its fitness for the

exacting service.





adjustment.





class of things he owns.





 





The Howard Watch





fficers of Uncle

Sam’sNavycarry

the HOWARD

In the shock





of battle—through the

fog and damp of sea voyages

-—the HOWARD has proved





The HOWARD is beyond all

question the finest practical watch

in the world—because of its con-

struction and the precise HOWARD





It is the only watch for any

man who is critical about the





Ever since 1842 it has been





Send us your name on a postal card and we will send you—FREE—

our pamphlet, THE ST_ORY OF EDWARD HOWARD AND

THE FIRST AMERICAN WATCH. It is a chapter of History

that every man and boy in this country should read.





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carried by more prominent Amerio

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Today you will find the

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--well-to-do farmers, stockmcn,

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Not every jeweler can sell you a

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most





 





 





 





 





 





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Dept. No. 114





WORKS





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DI





 





 





HAVE YOU SEEN THE





“SUNBEAM” PERGHERON DOLLAR?





The





real value of a horse collar is

determined by the amount of horse-

power the animal can put into its work

with the least possible effort.





Take a look at the picture, and you

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more power for your horse, less strain

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shoulders.





Ask your dealer for ”SUNBEAM”

Goods, and take no others.





It means





 





 





 





Cabbage Weighing





24 Pounds in March





rsised in Southern Alabama. Western Florida sndelo theG l!

Coast, with shipping seesoii commencing early in xAligilrchm‘iid





oommsndi





This same





from

nd then planted in sweet





00 to $2.60 per Crete at shipping oin





.150 per acre, and, in addition, an exoe ent tongs crop,





3 Crops a Season From Same land





No long winters,

Stock needs little protection end thrives on





p t.

tstoes will yield .100“)





but on oversee of 812 worki daysoyesr.





ng elone md





withonsbundsnce of good water. Bend for our booklet-and





reed of the actual experiences of former Northern and Wests

formers who are re idly becoming rich oi! the fertile lends

Ahbunn, rgin, ennessee, Mississippi and Western Florids.





I... “III-I'll! RATES Isl Ill 3d TUESDAYS EACH IOI'I'II

G. A. PARK, Gen’l Immigration and Industrisl Agent





Whfifluhfluekli. 300mm





to

of





Louisville. Ky.





M
«4.. ..





“.5, 2,3,9; ..





MW; . a...





 





' I 526 (18) " '





 





F .



’- ‘ MARKETS '

WWW '

DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





. May 3, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.





Wheat.——Farmers interested in the

wheat market are pleased with the change

made the past few days when prices

worked to a higher level and deals con-

tinued firm on the new basis with good

outlook for further advances. The crop

is good. In most of the wheat producing

states the stand seems perfect, and yet

the bulls have reported_that in certain

sections of Kansas and other states the

dry weather has so affected fields that

they are being plowed up and that in

Canada the ground is too dry for good

seeding. Europe suffered a heavy de-

crease in her visible supply, making the

total shrinkage for two weeks touch the

6,000,000 bushel mark. The world's vis-

ible supply has suffered likewise, all of

which has given Liverpool and the mar-

kets on the continent good support. Ar-

gentine is sending out smaller supplies

than usual. The visible supply of the

United States decreased 1,712,000 bushels.

Opposed to these arguments of the bulls

are the splendid crop reports from the

large part of the wheat section of the

country, the small and dull flour market

and the corresponding small demand for

cash wheat. One year ago the price for

No. 2 red wheat was $1.10 per bu. Last

week's quotations were as follows:





N0. 2 No. 1



Red. “'hite. May. July.

Thursday ...... 89 87%,; 89% .88

Friday ........ 89 .871/2 .89 88%

Saturday ...... 891/, .8794, .8914 .89

Monday . . . . . . .899; .8814 .89-”73, . .89

Tuesday ...... 91 .891/2 .91 89%

\Vednesday . . . . 90% .89 .901/2 .89





Corn.—Corresponding advances to those

made in wheat circles were recorded in

the corn department. The influence of

the other grain was perhaps a large in-

fluence for higher prices. However, the

chartering of lake steamers to carry this

grain to eastern points and the general

demand were features which ordinarily

would support an advancing market. One

year ago the price for No. 3 corn was

611,420 per bu. Quotations for the past





week are:



No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday ..... 541/2 55%

Friday ............ 541/2 551/2

Saturday ...... 541/2 551/2

Monday ........ 55 56

Tuesday .................. 55 561/2

'Wednesday . .............. 55 571/2





Oats.—Once more oats followed the op—

posite direction taken by corn and wheat,

the decline in prices for the former grain

being about a cent for the week. The

local market is steadyand quiet. A year

ago the price for No. 3 oats was 44c per

bu. Quotations for the week are:



Standard No.3





White.

Thursday ..... 35% 351/,

Friday 351/2 35

Saturday ...... 35%, 34%

Monday .......... 35 341/2

Tuesday . . .............. 35 341/2

\Vednesday . . . . . . . . . ...... 35 341/2

Beans. Market is continuing along old





 





lines. October options were advanced

five cents on Tuesday, while cash and

May beans are steady. Nominal prices





are:



Cash. Oct.

Thursday .. ............ $1.95 $1.80

Friday ............... . . . . . . 1.95 1.80

Saturday .................. . 1.95 1.80

Monday ............ . ....... 1.95 1.80

Tuesday ................... 1.95 1.85

Wednesday ................ 1.95 1.85





Clover Seed.—-It is about the end of the

spring call for clover seed, which ac—

counts for the dullness and inactivity in

cash deals and the diverting of attention

to the fall options. Prices are steady

with a week ago. They are:





Prime. Alsike.

Thursday $900 $8.75

Friday ..................... 9.00 8.75

Saturday .................. 9.00 8.75

Monday .................... 9.00 8.75

Tuesday .................... 9.00 8.75

Wednesday ................ 9.00 8.75





Rye.—Market unchanged and dull, with

quotation at 930 per bu. for No. 1.



Timothy Seed.—The demand has ad—

vanced the price to $5.40 per bushel,

which is 150 above last week’s figures.





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.





Flour.——Market is dull with prices

steady. Quotations are:

Clear ...................... . .......... $4.75

Straight ................. . ........ . . . 4.65

Patent Michigan . . . . . ............. . . 4.90

Ordinary Patent ..................... 4.90





Hay and Straw.—Another advance was

made in hay prices. Straw steady. Quo—

tations on baled hay in car lots f. o. b.

Detroit are: No. 1 timothy, $20; No. 2

timothy, $18; clover, mixed, $18: rye straw

$7; wheat and oats straw, $6.50 per ton.



Feed.-—Prices are steady with a week

ago. Carlot prices on track are: Bran,





$27 per ton; coarse middlings, $26; fine





middlings, $28; cracked corn, $22; coarse

corn meal, $22; corn and oat chop, $20

per ton.



Potatoes.—-An ample supply of both

new and old tubers bars the way to

higher prices. In car lots Michigan po-

tatoes are selling at 450 per bushel.



Provisions.—Family pork, $196920;mess

pork, $16.50; medium clear, “850691950;

smoked hams, 13619140; briskets. 914.6111Oc;

shoulders, 109620: picnic hams. 91/20: bacon,

143436915150; pure lard in tierces, 83/.c;

kettle rendered lard, 9%c.



Hides.-—No. 1 cured, 10c; No. 1 green,

80: No. 1 cured bulls, 8%c; No. 1 green

bulls, 7c; No. 1 cured veal kip, 11c; No.

1 green veal kip, 10c; No. 1 cured mur-





 





 





J





rain, so; .No. _1 green murrain, 8c; No. 1

cured calf, 150; No. 1 green calf, 1335c;

No. 2 km and calf, 1%c off; No. 2 hides

lc off; No. 1 horsehides, $3.75; No. 2

horsehides, $2.75; sheepskins, depending

on wool, 50c@$1:50. '

Dairy and‘Poultry Products.



Butter.—~\7Vith the exception of an ad-

vance of a half cent for packing'stock,

butter prices remain steady. The free

movement is supportéd by a good de-

mand. Output is increasing. Quotations

are: Extra creamery, 220; do. firsts, 210;

dairy, 160; packing stock, 140 per lb.



Eggs.—The liberal consignments of

eggs have depressed prices a cent. How-

ever, at the lower level the market con-

tinues firm and fresh receipts, case count,

cases included, are quoted at 16c per doz.



Poultry.—The demand for chickens and

other lines of poultry is slow and supply

small. Market is steady at former val-

ues. Quotations are: Dressed—Turkeys,

16613200; chickens, 15@16c; hens, 1569160;

ducks, 1761186 geese, 13@14c per lb.

Live——Spring chickens, 15@16c; hens, 15

@160; old roosters, 10@llc; turkeys, 15@

180; geese, 1160120; ducks, 15@16c per lb.



Cheese.~Michigan, old, 15@16c; Mich-

igan, late, 13@14c. York state, old, 16c;

do. late made, 14c; limburger, early, 14@

15c; Swiss domestic block, 16@18c; cream

brick, 156.3160. ‘



Veal.»—Market steady. Fancy, 80; choice

70 per lb.



Fruits and Vegetables.

Cranberries.—Steady. Quoted at $4.75





per bu.



Cabbage—Lower. Selling at $1.50 per

crate.



Onions—Lower. Quoted at $1.506111.75

per bushel.





Apples.——The demand is active at ad-

vanced prices last week. Baldwins, $6.50

((1)7; Steel reds, $6.50@7; ordinary grades,

$450655 per bbl. Western apples, $2.75@

3 per box.





OTHER MARKETS.





 





Grand Rapids.



The egg market is firm, dealers paying

the trade 16c.

creamery, is unchanged. The bean mar-

ket is slow, white pea bringing $1.60 and

red kidney $2.75. Red kidneys are in

better demand than usual just at this

time, probably for seed purposes, and

farmers can easily get $3 for hand—picked

stock. The potato market is lower and

the movement is light, farmers holding

back for another rise. The price paid for

tubers is 306135c, though Greenville and

possibly a few other points are. quoting

at 40c. Dressed hogs are lower, quota-

tions ranging from 761.7ng.





 





Chicago.



\Vheat.—No. 2 red, 92%@941/zc; May,

950; July, 8914c per bu.



Corn—No. 2, 541461154150; May, 537/30;

July, 53c per bu.



Oats—No. 2 white, 331/2@34c; May,

32960; July, 32140.



Barley.—Malting grades, 900601.14 per

bu; feeding. 6061,80c.



Butter.—The week opened rather un-

satisfactorily, offerings being liberal and

buyers slow to take hold. This condition

has resulted in a decline of 1c on the

best grade of creamery; other kinds un-

changed. Quotatious are: Creameries,

1461321c; dairies, extra, 18c.



Eggs.~-The advance noted last week

(lid not hold, prices declining a full cent

before the week’s close, with a tendency

toward weakness. This week buyers are

showing more interest; the market has

a healthier undertone and is fairly steady

at last week’s closing figures. Quota-

tions are: Prime firsts, 16c: firsts, 151/20

per doz; at mark, cases included, 146.?

141/;c per dozen.



Potatoes—This market weakened per-

ceptibly with the closing days of last

week, prices dropping 36940. With re-

ceipts so far this week only about half

those of the corresponding days last

week, prices again moved up on Tuesday

and the market is reported steady under

a moderately active demand. Choice to

fancy are quoted at 56@58c per bu; fair

to good, 52617550.



Beans—Offerings meeting a fair de-

mand; market is steady and unchanged.

Choice hand-picked beans quoted at $263

2.05 per bu; prime, $1.90@1.95; red kid-

neys, $2.756D3 per bu.



Hay and Straw.—Both hay and straw

firm; last week's advanced figures ruling.

Quotations: Choice timothy, $20.50@21.50;

No. 1 timothy,‘$1961>20; No. 2 do. and No.

1 mixed, $17.50@18.50; No. 3 do. and No.

2 mixed, 35146567716; rye straw, $86139; oat

straw, $7698; wheat straw, $6@7 per ton.





 





New York.





Butter—Steady after a decline of 10

from last week. Creamery specials are

quoted at 2215c; extras, 2159c.



Eggs—Only fairly steady; top grades

unchanged; others fractionally lower.

Fresh gathered extras, 19c; firsts, 1615617

171/20: seconds, 160; storage packed, firsts

186018150.



Poultry—Dressed, weak. Fowls, 14@

16c; turkeys, 13@16c.





Boston.





Wool ———The seat of activity is being

transferred from the bins where the old

fleeces were. kept to the west. Bidders

are now in the field and competition for

new wool is encouraging better prices

over which farmers are taking hope that

they may not be required to sacrifice

their crop. The mills are taking only

what they need for present requirements

and brokers do not stand ready to spec-

ulate while congress is impatient to re,-

vise schedule K. Following are the lead-

ing domestic quotations for fleece wools:

Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces-v—Delaine

washed. 30c: XX, 28@29c; fine unmer-

chantable, 2361724c: 1A-blood combing. 26

((1)270: %-blood combing, 24@25c: 14-blood

combing, 24c: delaine unwashed. 24c: fine

unwashed, 18@19c. Michigan, Wisconsin

and New York fleeces—Fine unwashed.

176iv17l/Ac; delaine unwashed, 23c; ag-blood





Butter, both dairy and





 





unwashed.»~25‘c. -Kentucky, indiana and





.Missouri‘—%-blood, 250; %-‘b100d, 830.





.' Eigln.



Butter.’—~Market firm at 22c per lb.,

which is the quotation of last week. Out-

put for the Week, 571,300 lbs., as com-

pared with 536,600 lbs. for the previous

wee .





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Buffalo.

May 1, 1911.

(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 201 cars; hogs, 16,000; sheep and

lambs, 17,000; calves, 2,250.



With 22,000 cattle reported in Chicago

and lower, and 201 cars on this market

here today, with bad, rainy weather, the

market was fully'1561725c per hundred

weight lower, and in many instances 35c

per cwt. lower. Cattle of all grades are

selling lower.



KVe quote: Best 1,350 to 1.500-lb. steers

$5.90606.25; good prime 1,200 to 1,300-lb.

do., $560,615.85; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb. ship-

ping steers, $5.256I>5.60; medium butcher

steers, 1,000 to 1,100 lbs., $5605.25; light

butcher steers, $4.50@4.85; best fat cows,

$4.25@5; fair to good do., $325604; com-

mon to medium do., $3@3.50; trimmers,

$250603; best fat heifers, $5..25@5.60; good

do., $4.506D5; fair to good do., $4604.50;

stock'heifers, $4.256D4.50; best feeding

steers, dehorned, $4.806i/5; medium to

good feeding steers, $4.506i‘4.75; stockers,

all grades, $3.756174; best bulls, $5@5.25;

bologna bulls, $4694.65; stock bulls, com-

mon to good, $350624: best milkers and

springers, $506060; good to best do., $40@

50; common to good do., $256935.



Early reports at all western points

showed heavy receipts of hogs, which had

a bearish effect on buyers here. Our

market opened slow. with the bulk of the

mixed and york weights selling 20617250

lower than theclose of last week, while

pigs showed a decline of about 300. After

the opening, trade ruled fairly active at

the prices; hogs were fairly well cleaned

up, except a few late arrivals. Medium

and heavy hogs sold generally from $6.10

((06.25, and the mixed grades mostly at

$6.30, and yorkers at 5563063635. Pigs

and lights, $6.356176.40. Rough sows sold

mostly at $5.15, with a few odd bunches

of extra quality at $5.25. Stags from $4

634.75. Market closing about the same as

the opening. Receipts are exceeding all

estimates at western points lately, and

unless the runs come materially lighter,

can not expect any advance in prices.



Lamb market opener] active today;

most of the choice handy lambs selling at

$5.806: 5.85. Look for about steady prices

the balance of the week unless receipts

should be heavy. Sheep market was a

little more active.today; most of the

choice ewes selling at $3.506D3.75; weth~

ers, $4.106zf4.25. Look for about steady

prices on sheep the balance of the week.



We quote: Best handy lambs, $58061)

5.85; heavy lambs, $4.60@4.75; bucks, $3

693.50; yearlings, $4.50@4.75; wethers,- $4

654.25; ewes, 9335060375; cull sheep, $1.50

6113; veals, choice to extra, $6.256D6.50;

fair to good do., $5.25@6; heavy calves,

$3.50@4.50.



Chicago.

May 1, 1911.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 22,000 65,000 21,000

Same day last year..24,987 29,949 18,268

Received last week..47,980 146,470 72,63

Same week last year.54,714 63,333 48,702



A better market for cattle than has

been experienced for cattle for some.

weeks past was witnessed today, prices

ruling mostly steady, with a fair general

demand. and butcher stock sold espec-

ially well, some sellers reporting sales a

little better than last week. The late

market last week was 10@15c lower than

a week earlier, stockers and feeders in-

cluded, and the week’s sales of beef cat-

tle were the lowest seen in three years.

Calves had a break of $1 per 100 lbs., the

best going at $5.75 at the close. Hogs

Sold off 106i115c last week under greatly

increased receipts, and there was a fur~

ther decline of 150 today, the receipts be-

ing simply enormous. Such supplies can—

not fail to make much lower prices, and

a warning is sounded to country ship-

pers to beware of the Monday market.

Hogs are coming heavier in weight than

ever. the average weight last week being

246 lbs., compared with 241 lbs. a week

earlier, 227 lbs. a year ago and 215 lbs.

two years ago. llogs are selling at $5.50

606.12%, largely around $5.856u5.95, with

light bacon hogs and pigs market toppers

still. The eastern shipping demand does

not improve correspondingly with the

supply, shipments from here last week

being 32,280 hogs, compared with 23,817

a week earlier. Sheep and lambs were

largely 106i)15c lower the past week, but

the market was mainly steady today,

with clipped consignments selling as fol-

lows: Lambs, $4.506i)5.50; wethers. $3.65

6:74.15; ewes, $325604; yearlings, $4.256»

460. Colorado wooled lambs have been

selling at $5.50@6.15, With one recent

sale at $6.30. -



Cattle are distributed over the week

much too unevenly for the best interests

of sellers, resulting in wild fluctuations

that should be avoided. Monday is near-

ly always the big day of the week, half

or more of the week’s receipts showing

up then, as was the case last week, forc-

ing a decline on that day of 10@25c all

along the line. There were some rallies

later in the week, as the early bad break

caused owners to send in smaller sup-

plies, but after all it was a mighty un-

satisfactory market for sellers, prices be-

ing the lowest recorded in three years.

The big end of the steers sold well below

$6. the bulk of the sales being around

$5.35@6.10, and buyers showed quite a

partiality for the $5.50@5.90 class of

handy-weights. Export steers were sal-





able a-t- $5.40@5.8§5:-’and}sales- were made

of good to prime: yearlin‘g's ,at‘ $5:75@6.30.

'ihe commoner class or light steers.~ sold

for ‘$4.8'5@5.25, and the choices-t“ heavy

beeves brought “@645. good killers sell-

ing as low as $5.80. A’great change has

taken place within the last four orv-five

weeks, steers having sold at that time at

$5.15@7.05; largely at $5.75@6.50. Butcher

stock has had its full share in the ,de-

cline, cows and heifers selling at $3.30@

5.90, while cutters sold at $2.75@3.25,

canners at $2.25@2.70 and bulls at $3.40@

5.40. Calves, too, are greatly reduced in

prices, selling at $3606 per 100 lbs., while

milkers and springers had a moderate

outlet at $3061.65, fresh cows being chiefly

wanted and some of the plain grade

backward COWS having to go to killers.

The great decline that has taken place

in prices for beef cattle of all descrip-

tions has made a bad market for stockers

and feeders, these being materially lower

and much less active than not long ago.

Stockers are selling at $4605.50 and feed—

ers at $475,605.60, while stocker and feed-

er heifers are in moderate request at

$3.406114.40. Conditions are now such that

cattle feeders should send in stock cau-

tiously, studying the market reports with

great care, for the consumption of beef

is much curtailed by its (learness and

the great cheapness of eggs, while fresh

pork and mutton have declined much

more in price than beef.



Hogs have been greatly lowered in

prices since the downward movement

began months ago, and stock feeders are

a good deal disappointed, the drop hav-

ing been carried much further than most

people had expected. Aside from the fall

in prices, the principal change noticed

recently is the marked narrowing in the

spread in prices between the most and

the least desirable offerings. The better

class of light bacon hogs and pigs are

still market toppers daily, but the ex-

tremely heavy packing hogs are not go-

ing at as large a discount as they did

several weeks ago, and there is a rela-

tively better market for medium weights.

Monday continues to be the day of es-

pecially large receipts, these being out of

all proportion to those seen on other

days, and this tends to make bad prices

on the opening of each week, a “run” of

51,391 hogs on Monday of last week

bringing about a drop of 15@20c in ruling

prices. Caution is necessary on the part

of owners of hogs for the future, and

they should make a careful study of

market conditions before shipping, re-

membering that Monday is likely to be a.

bad day for selling hogs. A great many

hogs are left in the country, and it is

the easiest thing in the world to upset

prices, which are already much lower

than in most recent years.



Sheep and lambs have been in a very

uncertain condition of late, with the de-

mand and ruling prices fixed largely by

reports received from the Missouri river

markets and the reports from Buffalo

and other eastern markets. Killers have

been quick to take advantage of any op-

portunity afforded to load up on reduced

rates, and even at such times as the best

consignments sold satisfactorily, other

lots were apt to rule weak and lower.

While Colorado stock made up a liberal

share of the offerings, nearly all the corn

belt feeding sections contributed gener-

ously also. nearly everything from the

latter source coming shorn, while wooled

lambs made up a big share of the Col-

orado-Mexican offerings. The demand

has centered, as usual, on fat, handy

weights, which were market toppers,

while heavy weights were hard sellers at

liberal concessions in prices. All descrip-

tions of sheep and lambs have suffered

big reductions in recent weeks and are

selling greatly below the prices paid in

recent years. There is a persistent de-

mand for shearing and feeding lambs,

with extremely few offered.



Horses have been in very good local

and shipping demand recently, with the

most activity on \Vednesday, and prices

were firmer that day. The receipts are

well maintained at the recent standard

and are on a much larger scale than a

year ago, when the market was much

less active than it has been this spring.

Horses sell wide apart, going anywhere.

from $5060100 per head for the poorer

animals and at $250@340 for the better

class, with drivers selling chiefly around

3125611175 and a few at $200 and over.

Desirable drafters are taken at $20061)

250, while a sale is made now and then

at 830069320, and well—matched pairs are

bringing 5540068600. The offerings run

largely to medium grade horses, with not.

enough farm mares. F.





LiVE STOCK Ndrr—Es.”





 





Nebraska and Kansas are reported to

have a good many heavy steers, owners

in numerous instances having held on

longer than usual in the hope of better

markets.



A recent sale was made in Texas of a

drove of over 600 head of tWO-year-old

steers at $26.50 per head. Numerous deals

of this kind have been made, but prices

are usually private.



A central Illinois stock feeder of long

experience says he finds it pays well to

convert his car. com into ground corn.

grinding cob and all. He finds that 100

lbs. of ground corn with the cob for 'the

first 60 days is worth as much as 100 lbs.

of clear shell corn for feeding cattle.

With ground corn and cob cattle need

very little roughness, and he has handled

many cattle in this way without other

roughness.



Thousands of calves that should be re-

tained on farms to be matured as beef

cattle are being marketed this spring,

and this is bound to tell on the future

beef supply of the country. For a long

time the veal market was exceedingly

animated, choice veals commanding high

prices, but recently the veal trade has

been very dull, and even the best calves

£23728 suffered big declines from former



c .





a





 

 





 





L1...
g

i

l





-





 





‘ . --mn.m





‘ in the-~11 it ~ ' -' the Detroit Live





Stock mark are ' of. last week;





all other ‘meriete' are .rifiit» to date. ,

Thursday's 'Detroit Live Stoc _ markets

are given in. the last edition. The first-





edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper earlyuthan they do for Thursday's

Detroit LiVe Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DE'rRorr LIVE ~S-TOCK MARKETS.

. Thursday’s Market. ,

April 27. 1911.





> Cattle.



Receipts. 1.090. Market steady at .Wed-

nesday’s prices and last week's close.

Common grades strong.



“'e quote: Best steers and heifers

$57506; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200,

$5@5.50; steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000,

$56535; grass steers and heifers that

art fat, 800 to 1,000, $5@5.35; steers and

heifers that are fat, 500 to 700, $4.50@5;

choie fat cows, $4.50@5; geod fat cows,

$4654.50; common cows, $363.50; canners,

$2.50@3; choice heavy bulls, $4.75@5; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $4.25@4.50; stock

bulls, $3.75@4; choice feeding steers, 800

to 1,000, $4.50@5; fair feeding steers, 800

to 1,000. $3.75@4.25; choice stockers, 500

to 700, $4.25@4.75; fair stockers, 500 to

700, $3.50@.4; stock heifers, $3.25@3.75;

milkers, large, young, medium age, $40@

50; common milkers, $25935.



Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 2 cows

av 1,005 at $3.75; to Regan 5 butchers

av 712 at $4.55; to Kamman B. Co.

steers av 1,045 at $5.25; to Parker, W. '&





Co. 27 do av 862 at $5.25. 15 do av 1,230 at





at $5.65, 1 cow weighing 1,100 at $4.25;

to Cooke 22 steers av 1,033 at $5.55; to

Mich. B. Co. 9 cows av 900 at $4, 6

butchers av 746 at $5, 15 do av 733 at

$5; to Fish, S. Co. 1 cow weighing 960

at $3.50; to Rattkowsky 2 do av 910 at

$4.20; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 do av 1,080

at $4.50, '1 do weighing 1,020 at $4.50. 10

steers av 953 at $5.50; to Thompson Bros.

10 cows av 1,020 at $4.25, 2 do av 935 at

$3; to Parsons 16 steers av 800 at $5.75;

to Kamman 10 do av 925 at $5.25; to

Parker, W. & Co. 3 cows av 1,016 at $4.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan, Jr.,

1 bull weighing 760 at $4, 1 heifer weigh-

ing 870 at $5, 2 do av 655 at $5, 11 steers

av 653 at $4.40; to Parker, W. &. Co. 4

bulls av 1,245 at $4.50, 6 cows av 1,055 at

$4. 3 do av 950 at $4, 1 canner weighing

730 at $3, 1 heifer weighing 600 at $5, 5

cows av 1,032 at $4, 2 do av 950 at $3.75;

to Newton B. Co. 14 steers av 1,180 at

$5.65. 10 do av 920 at $5.35, 23 do av 811

at. $5.15; to Hammond, S. a Co. 4 do av

1,057 at $5.50, 2 cows av 990 at $4.25; to

Goose 2 do av 585 at $3.60; to Mich. B.

Co. 12 butchers av 900 at $5.30; to Parker,

W. 8: Co. 2 bulls av 940 at $4.50, 3 cows

av 1.003 at $4, 2 do av 850 at $3.25, 3 do

av 1,000 at $4.50, 7 steers av 591 at $4.75,

2 do av 850 at $5.50, 1 bull weighing 880

at $4.50, 14 steers av 970 at $5.50, 1 bull

weighing 2,140 at $5, 1 do weighing 1.580

at $5. 1 do weighing 1,120 at $4.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 21 steers av 1,020 at $5.55,

20 do av 1,080 at $5.55, 1 cow weighing

1,430 at $5, 2 do av 1,170 at $3.50; to

Thompson Bros. 4 do av 1,070 at $4.25,

11 steers av 1,115 at $5.60. 3 cows av 853

at $3, 3 butchers av 777 at $4.75, 1 cow

weighing 1,020 at $4; to Newton B. Co.

3 steers av 1,066 at $5.60, 1 cow weighing

1,130 at $4.50, 1 do weighing 1,100 at $4:

to Regan 3 steers av 647 at $4.75; to

Fromm 1 bull weighing 750 at $4, 3 cows

av 933 at $5.10; to Goose 4 cows av 920

at $3.25



Spicer & R. sold Bresnahan 3 heifers

av 623 at $4.10; to Newton B. Co. 10

butchers av 874 at $5.10, 24 do av 900 at

$5.10, 1.cow weighing 590 at $2; to Ratt-

kowsky 1 bull weighing 620 at $4; to

Parker, W. & Co; 4 butchers av 565 at

$4, 1 bull weighing 1,330 at $4.75, 1 do

weighing 1,590 at $4.75, 2 do av 1,290 at

$4.65, 3 cows av 834 at $3, 1 do weighing

800 at $3.25; to Kamman, 2 do av 935 at

$4, 4 heifers av 540 at $4.50, 5 cows av

1,000 at $4.



Haley &. M. sold Hammond, S. Co. 11

steers av809 at $4.65, 1 do weighing 1,010

.at $6.25, 1 hull weighing 1,090 at $4.35;

to Sullivan P. Co. 10 steers av 972 at

$5.40; to Schlischer 16 do av 814 at $5.20,

1 do weighing 480 at $4.50; to Rattkowsky

3 butchers av 990 at $4.65, 2 cows av

1.110 at $3.75.



Youngs sold Parker, W. & Co. 5 steers

av 976 at $5.25.



Stephens sold Sullivan P. Co. 4 steers

av 592 at $5.45.



Axtel sold same 5 butchers av 770 at

$5, 10 steers av 972 at $5.50.



Belheimer sold Kamman 4 butchers av

582 at $4.35.



. . Veal Calves.



Receipts, 1,262. Market steady with

Wednesday and last week’s close. Best,

$5.75@6; others, $4@5.50;‘ milch ows and

springers steady.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 2 av

150 at $6, 2 av 110 at $5; to Goose 15 av

120 at $4.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 41

av 130 at $5.65.



Haley & M. sold Goose 49 av 135 at

$5.50; to Barlage 10 av 131 at $4, 51 av

125 at $5.65.



Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 11 av

130 at $5.75, 38 av 140 at $5.50; to Ratt-

kowsky 12 av 135 at $5.50; to Naglc P.

CO. 6 av 150 at $4.25, 19 av 160 at $3.60;

to Burnstine 9 av 150 at $5 50.



Lewis sold Newton B. 00. 4 av 155

at $5.50.



Stephens sold‘same 15 av 130 at $5.50.



Waterman sold Burnstine 18 av 135

at $5.10.



Robb sold same 6 av 150 at $5.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond. S. &

Co. 9 av 140 at $6.25; to Sullivan P. Co.

15 av 110 at $4.50; to Parker, W. & Co.

32 av 125 at $5.50, 29 av 135 at $5.50, 22

av.14o at $5.50; to»Goose 5' av 145 at

$5.50, 4 av 125 at $5.50, 6 av 130 at $5.50,





 





2 lambs av





 





 





,SA





. \ -

8 av 15 at ‘84"; to Hammond. 8._ & Go.

4 av 115 at $4, 6 av 155 at $5.75; to Sulli—

van P. Co. 31 av 125 at $5.60, 6 av 105

at $4.50. "

\ Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 3,144, Market steady at last

week's close and Wednesday. Heavy

grades dull. Best lambs, $5.10@5.15; fair

to good lambs, $4.50@5; light to common

lambs, $3.75@4.25; fair to good sheep,

$3@3.75; culls and common, $25003.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, WQA: Co.

216 lambs av 83 at $5: to Breitenbeck 17

sheep av 70 at $3.90, 27 lambs av 75 at

$4.50; to‘ Sullivan P. Co. 35 do av 90 at

$4.65: to Parker, W. & Co. 18 wool lambs

av 88 at $5.25; to Street 253 lambs av 83

'at $4.70; to Mich. B. Co. 14 do av 80 at

$4.85; to Young 17 lambs av 80 at $5. 7

spring lambs av 48 at $8.50; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 29 lambs av 80 at $5: to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 26 do av 65 at $4.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 163 do av 80 at $5.10; to

Thompson Bros. 52 do av 75 at $5.10; to

Nagle P. Co. 187 wool lambs av 70 at

$5.75: to Newton B. Co. 117 lambs av 85

at $5.10: to Fitzpatrick Bros. 88 do- av

110 at $4.50.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. 00. 12

lambs av 55 at $4, 44 do av 70 at $5; to

Breitenbeck 37 do av 70 at $4.60.



Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co 7

spring lambs av 52 at $8, 5 lambs av 95

at $5; to Mich. B. Co. 15 do av 110 at

$4.75, 101 do av 82 at $5.10, 17 sheep av

80 at $4.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 43 lambs

av 75 at $5.15; to Young 10 sheep av 80





sold Barlage 11 sheep

Mich. B. Co. 70 lambs

av 80 at $5.15.





Morton sold Hammond, s. & Co. 5

80 at $5.75, 7 sheep av 140

at $4. '

Bergen & W. sold same 30 lambs av 82





Dancgr & K. sold same 68 do av 85

47





Stephens sold Newton B. Co. 75 lambs

av 80 at $5.



Lewis sold Mich. B. Co. 55 wool lambs

av 78 at $6.25.



Holcomb sold same 56 lambs av 85 at

$5.10, 59 do av 90 at $5.





at





Ho e,



Receipts, 5,570. lVgIarket steady with

last Thursday; trifle higher than on VVed-

nesday.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.20@6.25; pigs, $6.25; light yorkers,

$6.20@6.25; heavy, $5.90@6.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 425

av 190 at $6.25.



Sundry shippers sold same 275 av 150

at $6.25.



Spicer &. R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 450

av 190 at $6.25.



Haley & M. sold same 415 av 180 at

Sundry shippers sold same 675 av 185

at $6.25.



Bishop, B. &. H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 2,450 av 170 at $6.25, 180 av 160 at

$6.30.



h.—

Frlday's Market.

April 28, 1911.

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1,187; last. week.

1,397. The;.j‘earket opened with a light

run on sgfle in all departments. The cat—

tle trade was dull, but prices paid were

steady with those of Thursday for all

grades Milch cows and springers were

also steady.



“'e quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.60; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1.200,

“2565.50; steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000

$565.25; steers and heifers that are fat,

500 to 700, $4.50@5; choice fat cows, $4.50

64.75; good fat cows, $4@4.50; common

cows, $3623.50; canners. $25063; choice

heavy bulls, $4.75@5; fair to good bologna

bulls, $3.7564.50; stock bulls, $3.25@3.75;

choice feeding steers, to 1,000, $4.50

@5; fair feeding steers, to 1,000, $3.75

@425; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $46

4.50; fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50@4;

stock heifers, $2563.50; milkers, large,

young, medium age, $40@50; common

milkers, $25835.



Veal Calves.



Receipts’this week, 1,464; last week,

1,577. Trade was dull at a decline of 25c

to 50c from the close on Thursday. Bulk

of sales for good grades were at $5.50.

Best, $5@5.50; others, $3.75@5.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week, 3,251; last week,

3,158. There was hardly sheep and lambs

enough on sale to establish a market, but

the'few offering were sold early at

Thursday’s prices. Wooled lambs of all

kinds are very hard to sell and should

not be sent to market at present.



We quote: Best lambs, $5.10; fair to

good lambs, $4.50@5; light to common

lambs, $3.75@4.25; fair to good sheep,

$3@3.75; culls and common, $2.50@3.



Hogs.



Receipts this week, 6,628; last week.

8,629. The hog trade was steady with

Thursday, a few of the best bringing

$6.30, but bulk of sales were at $6.25.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.25@6.30; pigs, $6.25@6.30; light

yorkers, $6.25;-heavy, $6@6.10.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





A large cattleman in southwestern

Texas recently placed about 8,000 steers

on grass, the prospects for summer pas-

turage being the best in a long period.



Fall litters of pigs are exceptional in

the wide territory tributary to the Mis-

souri river markets, but they are fast

becoming the rule in various western

sections that ship hogs to the Chicago

market, something extremely rare about

ten years ago. The marked change in

this respect causes packers at Chicago to

expect liberal marketings of these ma-

tured pigs along in June and July. The

winter was exceptionally mild, and corn

was so plentiful and cheap everywhere

that stockmen fed their pigs liberally.

and deaths were few and ninsunusually





clover hay,





‘Tflev“~-MicmoAN-s ram-Men. -





large. It is now reported that these

October born' pigs weigh ‘ about 20 lbs.

more than they have averaged at this

time in ‘former years.



Western range grasses make fat cat-

tle, hog and sheep, without the aid of

corn. This fact was well demonstrated

at the recent western stock shows, where

fat stock of all classes was exhibited

that never saw corn.



These are times when cattle feeders

should weigh the subject carefully before

venturing to buy stockers and feeders,

and some of the most experienced stock

feeders are buying the cheaper class of

these cattle, not the poorest, but those of

a middling kind. They argue that it is

safer to make a medium grade of beef

these times than to go in for making

high-grade beef, and the business of fat-

tening cattle will be greatly changed un-

less conditions change radically. There

have been reductions in prices for stock-

ers and feeders, but the better lots have

not sold off anywhere near as much as

they should to place them in a parity

with finished beeves. This is largely due

to their scarcity and to the common

practice of packers bidding for feeders

carrying a moderate amount of flesh.



Cattlemen of that region have pur-

chased 9,000 cows and 800 bulls from the

]Nelson Morris ranch in Texas near Mid-

an .



A good many cattle are being fed in

the district around Peoria, Illinois. They

are in exceptionally good condition, and

many are ready to come to market in the

near future.





 





VETERINARY.





 





(Continued from page 514).





Diseased Scalp—Wind Calls—What

would you advise me to apply to mane

and tail in order to increase the growth

of hair? I would also like to get a rem-

edy for wind puffs. W. B., Chelsea,

Mich—Apply one part kerosene and four

parts vaseline to scalp once a day. Ap-

ply one part red iodide mercury and six

parts cerate of cantharides to wind puffs

every ten days——this will blister them.



Cracked Heels—I have a. two-year—old

heifer whose forward feet and legs are

swollen and a yellowish watery fluid

comes through the skin. Her toes-are

festered; there are also bunches under

skin on both sides of neck. Am feeding

mash made of corn meal,

sugar beet pulp and cottonseed meal.

Now I would like to know what is wrong

C. E. M., Morley, Mich—Dissolve 14 lb.

sugar of lead, 55 oz. tannic acid in 174‘. gal.

of boiled water and apply to sore heels

three times a day and apply iodine oint-

men. to bunches on neck once a day.



Enlarged Gland—My heifer has a large

loose bunch in throat that I have failed

to reduce and I would like to have you

prescribe a remedy. This bunch does

not appear to affect her health. in any

way. 0. E. C., Shelby, Mich—Apply one





part red iodide mercury and eight partsi





lard every two or three days and give

1 dr. iodide of potassium at a dose in feed

two or three times a day.



Exercising Brood Saws—I had four

brood sows a short time ago and three

of them died while farrowing. I am

anxious to save the other one, and come

to you for advice. D. P. R, Empire,

Mich.—Your sows were perhaps too

fleshy. had too little exercise before far-

rowing, and perhaps their bowels were

costive. The remaining sow should not

be overfed, but obliged to exercise con-

siderably every day. As a rule, it is not

a good plan to interfere with sows while

farrowing, but of course they should be

in a healthy condition when they farrow.



Partial Loss of Power.»—[ would like

to know what can be done for a pig that

seems to have lost the use of her hind

legs; she moves about some, but with

great difficulty. \\'. D. 0., Lakeview,

Mich—Feed oats, oil meal, but no corn;

also feed some roots and give her some

air—slaked lime 'with each meal. Also

apply mustard and water to 10in three

times a week.





 





(1‘9) 527

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Cheaper Than Wood

"and More Durable





Many years of experiment-

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have developed this post.

It is now thoroughly practi-

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railroads and w h e r e v e r

fence posts are used.





Made of tough steel, heavily

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proven by us-—ten years’

actual use showing good as

new. Means a big reduc-

tion - in fence cost and

maintenance.



40-page catalog sent free, fully

illustrating a n d describing.

Send for it.



Sold by dealers everywhere.

Ask dealer to Show samples and

quote prices, or write us direct,





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New York:

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Son Francisco: ,

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Chicago:

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Denver:





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STOUT—STRONG—DURABLE—CHEAP

‘ Brown Fences will outlast any other because of

heavier wires and thicker galvanizing. investigate ,

before you be . 160 styles or purpoaen.

- Bargain prices-14c Per Rod Up

delivered at your railway station. Send today for

aisle. and free simple for test. -





THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE C0..

Dept. 49 CLEVELAND, 0K")





“VIII FEIGE





 





   

 





     

 





M ....... j .. .-. Many designs. Cheer on

03433743?!" NV '5fo Wood. 32 page Catalogue”

‘5‘, l “1 ill ii 13 (I 1:: IZII 1x30 33%;? 33' .ng‘lalcmc'”'





   

   





 

 





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I ,v‘ I l '1‘. l“ by 1‘1 1} i} 51 I I l: l_- ‘.‘ l} l"

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0 oiled Spring Fence 00.

lo: 1 WW. M





 





 





Lane’s Cement Post and Column Molds.





 





 





 





s

Build your posts in the field. No more cracked or





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molds made. nd for circular.

WENDELI. INOUBATOR 00., Holly. "loll.





 





Arms Alli! um um

run SALE on EXGHANGE f





NEW YORK, great farm bargains, Tom king 00.,



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Send for free catalog. Keebera Barber. fthaoo. NJ’.

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I SELL FARMS States. ruit, “Grill: Slides:





Poultry. Write for list. J. S. HANSON, Hart, Mich.





 





 





Over 1,000 Gallons

Per Hour

Fairbanks-Morse

Eclipse Pumper





Engine and pump jack complete.





 

 

 





   

   

   

 





 





     

   

 





e .

and coated with a speci white paint. Shi -» .

rolls any length, any height. Booklet on rm:





— tau-Immune Awnings—mm ‘





 

   





 





 





 





 





and gates. For lawns, , h, cune- '

‘ terieeI etc. Inex nomamatrdflrable and ’

d ch" mdeoiflo. 9 enized crimped wire 1





 





when you can buy

the Beat Land in





WHY PAY BENT r25.“ 5:: m





near Saginaw and Bay City. W'rite for .

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. ma figuring:

(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg , Saginaw, W. S. Michigan:





Cash For Your Form or Business. £3325





and seller)togethgerfl‘nodmetterg'lziere located. If you

won 0 uy or a dress ANK P. C V -

LAND, 948 Adams Express Building, ChicalioB. Ill.





FARMS WANTED—Vi e have dirict buyers. Don't



_ . ' pay commissions. “’rite des~

cnhmg property, naming lowest rice. “'9 help buy.

crslocate desirable property FRE 1. American Invest.

ment Association, 3 Pa ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn-





ACRES. $10,400; 180 acres, 89,001

160 new momma. :12. ; so ”53003515333?

All good level eoll,_good buildings, convenient to

good m‘arkets. rite for information. , F.

MOSHLR, Minty Block. Battle Creek, Mich.





ALABAMAENEEDS

50,000 FARMERS





Dairy-men and stock raiscrs to su l '



markets With :butter, poultry, v etallllgs. [$953033

cattle. The best lands in the wozld can be had at $5

to $50 per acre. on easy terms. Let. us help you to gate.

farm in Alabama. where the climate is delightful

where you can raise several crops each year on the

same land, and find a ready market for the same. We

are supported by the State and sell no lands. Write

for in emotion and literature.



STATE BOARD of IMMIGRATION.



Montgomery, Alabama,





Splendid Modern 40 Acre Farm





Livestock and Tools Included

ery acre 0 this fine farm can be cultivat d-

smooth. level fields, loam sell. out 2 tons hay per sol-e;

pasture for 9 cows, fruit for home use; (iroom house.

piazza, big barn, granary, poultry house, h house:

near nei bore, school. two miles to storesan cream-

ery, easy drive to railroad station; owner includes

pair of horses, 5 cows. heifer, 9 hogs, binder mower,

all other machinery, wagons and tools: only $4. .

_ For photograph of residence, further do-

I and traveling directions tones this and other

Michigan farms, large and small acreage, from OLM



up. see tront'e Farm Catalogue. hi

and be farm catalog ever issued, copy free. stat on

101, E. A. Street, Union Bank Bldg. Pittsburg, Penna.
528 cm





THE DAIRY "





 





 





WW

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LlLLIE.





 





THE VALUE-OF TESTING.





 





There are a great many men who pre-

tend to be dairymen who speak with

pride of the number of cows that they

milk: They, may milk thirty cows, yet

another man only milks half that number

and carries as much or more milk from

his barn. Go into the barn of the man

who milks the large herd of cows and

express any surprise at the small amount

of milk and the owner will begin to apol-

ogize by saying that grass is rather

short, this cow is just a heifer, that one

was fresh in the winter and is now nearly

dry, the red cow never was a very good

milker, and so on through the entire

herd. There are usually several cows

that he really intended to dispose of last

year but he hated to see them go. After

going over the entire herd we find that

he only has four or five cows that are

good milkers. The others are not pro-

ducing enough to pay for their keep. We

find things quite different over at the

barn of the man who owns the small herd

and is making money. His cows are ev-

ery one good milkers. He don’t keep poor

ones. Each cow must produce a full pail

of milk or she is sold. The owner of that

herd knows that full pail cows are scarce

and when he hears of one he endeavors

to buy her. He makes the dairying busi—

ness pay because he knows that it is the

full milk pail that counts. livery herd

of dairy cows should be tested by their

owner and if the test is to he of any

value it must be a test of each individual

animal. That willushow just what each

cow is doing in the way of paying for

her keep. Those that fall below a certain

point as milkers and butter producers

should be disposed of at once and their

places filled by good ones. If good cows

cannot be had at that time let their

places remain unfilled. Every heifer calf

should be carefully reared and, when it

becomes a cow, tested and kept or sold

just as the test may decide. By a careful

plan of testing and elimination it is pos-

sible to raise the average production of

the herd and just think what that would

mean. If you could raise the average

production of butter per head of your

herd one pound per week a goodly sum

would be added to your income in the

course of a year. Every dairyman should

ask himself just how much each of his

cows is producing. If he does not know

it is time for him to get busy and make

a test. There are too many people who

just “keep cows." They think that test-

ing savors too much of the man with the

white shirt who reads the farm papers

ahu has a store of book knowledge. They

haven’t time to make a test but must

hurry through with their work so as to

get a supply of hay sufficient to feed

their cows through the winter and two-

thirds of those cows may not produce

enough to pay for what they eat.



A good dairy herd is a profitable thing

to own if the milk product is properly

taken care of and used. it must be kept

in mind, however, that merely owning

cows is not the whole business. If the

cows do not give enough milk and if it

is not rich enough in butter-fat the herd

cannot pay a profit.



Ohio. S. C.





THE CREAM SEPARATOR AND iTS

CARE.





 





it is easy to reduce the crop prdoucing

power of land by the improper use of the

plow and yet we continue to use the plow

by seeking to inform ourselves as to the

best time to break the land, the right

depth to go for the crop to be planted,

etc, rather than to cast the imple—

ment aside. The plow has been found to

be an economical implement. The spade

would ruin the land also if used in clay

when wet.



It is likewise possible to spoil cream

through the use of a separator if that

intelligence that is required to properly

handle the plow, or the reaper, or the

horse rake, or any other ordinary farm

tool, is lacking. it is just as possible to

spoil cream by holding it in improperly

washed milk pans or other receptacles.

The quality of the cream is dependent

upon the cleanliness of the conditions

surrounding it after taken from the cow’s

udder, the same as the condition of the

soil at the time of plowing determines

how well it can be fitted afterward. A

reasonable amount of intelligence regard-





ing the simple laws. of sanitation coupledl

with a reasonable amount of care in their

execution is the important- factor in pro-

ditctng good cream as well as in every

other ordinary operation in our daily





'tasks and living.





The number of persons who are deliv-

ering poor cream is certainly becoming

smaller in proportion to the whole num-

ber who are using the separator, through

the result of example and experience,

since the person who gives careful at-

tention to details of handling milk and

cream before and after being separated,

is getting profits that the careless person

cannot claim. Men have long learned

that it is not the separator but them-

selves that is at fault where the cream

grades low. The value of the separator,

like the plow, is too well known to be

disputed. The saving of cream, the con-

serving of time in caring for milk uten—

sils even where the most perfect care is

given the separator, the benefits from

feeding fresh skim-milk, the lightening

of burdens in the kitchen and other ad-

vantages have been so securely lodged in

the minds of farmers as to prevent any

retroactive movement that will restore

the milk pan, the milk cabinet, the lob-

bered swill, together with the attendant

work demanded by former methods to

our households again. The separator has

been tried; it has passed through the fire

of experience and stands today as an—

other example of American progress and

enterprise, removing from thousands of

American farms the drudgery of caring

for that universal food of the race, milk.





 





“'e are beyond the stage where we

ask, why use a separator? But we need

to exercise a little more caution as to

how the separator should be used, and in

this connection the detailed suggestions

of the Illinois Experiment Station as

given in circular No. 148 will serve a

very helpful end by instructing the lay-

man who may not understand, or who

may he careless, as to just how and what

he should do to grade up his cream so

that higher values may be secured:



Too many producers wash their ma-

chines but once a day: and some but once

in two days; the result is, especially dur-

ing hot 1vtather, a poor grade of cream.

'lhe bowl as well as all tinware should

he “ashégtl every time it is used, and

once a (1213 preferably in water containing

a little sal soda or washing powder. Soap

should never be used in washing milk

utensils because it will taint the milk.

if possible the bowl and all tinware

should be scalded in hot water at least

once a day, and immediately put in the

sun, or on a stove to dry. This prevents

rusting. Rusting renders the bowl and

milk utensils much more difficult to wash

and keep clean. The bowl, if washed

after each using, will cleanse easily, in

less time, skim more thoroughly, give a

more uniform cream, and last longer.

To operate a separator successfully, the

following points should be carefully ob-

served:



1. Clean all parts thoroughly before

setting up.



2. Fasten the frame to a solid founda-

tion (preferably planks embedded in con-

cretc).



3. Set the frame level and keep it

level.



4. Oil all gearing and spindle every

time. before starting.



5. Flush all gearing and bearings with

kerosene once or twice a month; then

oil well. If this is practiced, the machine

will r1111 more easily and the gearing last

longer.



6. Prevent dust and grit from entering

the bearings of the machine.



7. Run the machine at the proper speed

(usually marked on handles).



8. I'se a watch in timing speed. Do

not guess at it.



9. Do not start the milk through the

bowl until the, required speed has been

reached. ‘



10. Warm the bowl and fill with hot

water just before starting during cold

weather, especially if the machine is kept

in a cold place. It may prevent the

cream from sticking in the bowl.



ll. Flush the bowl with warm water

or warm skim—milk.



12. “'ash the bowl immediately after

it has been used.



13. Dry the parts of the bowl when

washed by placing on a fairly warm stove,

or if possible hang in the sun all day.

Keping them dry prevents rusting and

the sun acts as a germicide.



14. Be sure to keep the skim-milk out-

lets open; if they are not properly

cleaned, the test will go down.



15. Set the cream screw so that it will

deliver from 28 to 35 per cent cream dur-





 





 





MEN wuo

U S E TH E





DE LA;

anAM- 3151111111011





the prospective





 





Does it not mean a great deal to YOU,

buyer of 3. Cream separator, that such men as

Hon. Levi P. Morton, Ex-Vice Pres’t United States

Miss Helen Could, the great philanthropist

Hon'. Whiteiaw Reid, U. S. Ambassador to England

Alfred G. Vanderbilt, of that famous family

C. F. Smith, Master Vermont State Grange

Norman B. Ream, of the Pullman Palace Car Co.

F. L. Houghton, Sec’y Holstein Breeders Ass’n

Wm. MacKenzie, Prcs’t Canadian Northern Railway

S. S. Carvalho, Manager the Hearst neWSpapeI-s

Hon. Seth Low, Ex-Mayor ofiNew York





and many others like them, good dairy farmers as well as great

leaders in everyltsphere of human endeavor, each of~ whom is

possessed of much personal experience and a thousand authori-

tative sources of separator information, are among the 1,250,000

satisfied users of DE LAVAL Creaml Separators?





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





165-187 BROADWAY DRUMM & SACRAMENTO 8118.

NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO





173-177 WILLIAM STREET 1016 WESTERN AVENUE

MONTREAL EATT E





29 E. MADIBON STREET

CHICAGO





)4 dz 18 PmncEss STREET

WINNIPEG





 





 





 





 





   

 





, GMIZE‘DMPIED

1..11501011001011111111111D





Acknowledged the best Roof covering menu

facured, Wit th ordinary core will last for

many years. Thousands of satisfied customers

everywhere have roven its virtue. Suitable

for covering any uilding, also used exten-

alvely for ceiling and siding. Fire Proof and

.,‘ Lightning Proof.



. Wo hovo two md°.'bc'mn'd.§z "ig Polntod;



. Our grade 0 Ernst. roo

W: Galvanized Steel or

roasted metal coverin$(like illustration). Sheets

4 feet: to 8 feeti ong. rice per square $3 25

of 100 square feet. .. . .......................





WMfiGMW At; the same price we will furnish' 1n ”V" orimped





to all points in the United States east of Colorado. standing seam roofing, or imitation siding.



expept Oklahoma and 9:38. Quotations to other Painted Steel Roofing: “'0 ‘9 our



points on applicatio price for 100 SQ-



hSattiifao-tiog 311811; (1%); or mom,Y “refunded We feat. of on; media1 1:}? )0 fla‘t3 paiggeiasteghrlsofifig



5 1p is too _ ecan “rule is sum gra , 1n 0 cor.

“g With ””1 ego or examine mgated ' V" crimped, Stand Seam, Steel :1 95





tion if you send one- forth of

in cash. the amount Of your order Roofing, per 100 square feet. ....1.. ...........





WRITE FOR FREE SAMPLES, ALSO ASK FOR OUR ROOFING CATALOG No. N. K. 28-

A valuable book filled with information regarding all kinds of Steel Corrugated and Rea y Roofl 11:. Ex-



plains how easily this material can be applie to the roof, also describes our com late stock of fancy metal



ceilings—quotes our low prices on Sidings—Eave Troughs—Down Spouts- Eto,, to, Write us to- day.





cmcaao HUUSE WREGKING 00., 35th and Iron Sis” Chicago.





 

 

 

 

 





‘1”. «El-1.31%? ' ‘

“lain? ”AS! 5;: #1:";

. iffii" 4‘ d4.“

as; it 4“





 





.‘ed‘Ift





   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





IN THE CHOICE OF A SILO





is is important that you secure the longest possible service and value for

your money. The more. you have to spend, the more important that it

represent a definite, peremanent investment so as to avoid spending it over

again ior expensive, exasperating repairs. Vitrified Clay Blocks used in





The lmperishable Silo





11 ill last forever. '1 hey risist the swelling, shrinking. rotting, moisture-

absorblng iniluomes whith destroy other silos and make them fail to

preset 1c the onsilagt pericc t1).



Hundreds of concrete silos have proven unsatisfactory. If concrete is

sulthcntly re-ini‘orced with strong steel to prevent cracking, it will cost

more than our “lmperishable.” Not one “linperishable” has ever failed.

Vi hen you build an “Imperishable.” you never need to rebuild.





Ask for our free booklet.

IMPERISHABLE SILO CO.,





HUNTINGTON, INDIANA.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





' 4 This is quoted from a. letter by an Illinois farm

or about his 811 inaw ii dredo are

wsritiigg nasnlbout the money saved and the money made by going tge goog‘dlld-I reliable

13% w 1 0. You make sure of Silo Service for a lifetime when on have the Saginaw.

W orm maul-self about this Silo question. There are 11 hi: Sires and fWrong Silos.

rite no to By and we will give you the (acts so you can in go for yourself The

FARMERS HANDY WAGON COMPANY, Saginaw—Des "nines—Minnow!) ii:

-./ makes and sells the famoul Saginaw S110 direct from the factory only. This Is the Silo with the -

W Saginaw All- Steel Door Frame, that positively prevents collapsing or bulging when the Silo is filled.

“ o own the patent. No other! are allowed to use it Described and illustntod in the free book,

The Modern Way of Saving Money on the Farm. " This book shows by actual figures. compiled from

touts on forms in your" ate. how much the Saginaw Silo save: by the day or the month. Write for it!

The Whirlwind SiioFi Filler—easiest runn ins—moot durable—only Filler fit to

‘0 with the Saginaw Silo—i: sold direct from the factory. 000. Ask for Spocnol Price. (16 )

FARMERS HANDY WAGON CO., Station 95. SAGINAW. MIC".

Venom Factory. Stopongfi. Du loin", lows. Northwootern Foctmy, Shunufi, [inanimlinn





 





When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Former





 





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mi? e,‘ iiifiifi





twice the skim—

ming. i o r c e o I

shin





013.

twiceas clean.

need no

wear a lifetims‘

guarantee

forever by Ameri-

ca’s oldest





free. Youcanafi alidor therm-

You cam—F afford any

(so owl—chem momma:

on the average.





ment for





 





*‘V‘J: 2'3?" 95' f: ,g‘ ,‘-,:*-:i?.“ific'fi“5l° .‘ F ' 1.‘(,’ ‘





 





Tubular cream Separator

Psi light lulu Your Mo

FR E E I '{V‘egxlgssyggsrgggotgtetg gel:



The Tubular will be dellvererl‘aht





Thetrialwillshow ouwh Dairy’m.

hum prod-m 3 ’





oyou.

Tell us to8 d ll er (lithe Tubularto —ahsolutel

e . cal... y





“mail order" or other

hats one we:





Otherseoaraontaflnfleslakenispsrton-





m SHARP!!! SEPARATOB C0.

Ha: I she. Obi. P

m mqw no Uh . ‘32:an 0n.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Tubular.





 





 





AMERICAN





SEPARA'I'OR





ThisOfferbRoth!





s It is a mild, latent:



uaro



fugnish s harem



undo and won finished

ram!





illustrates our large

boy or girl can run it.

1 metres Just think or that! The

a sanitary marvel.m11y shone

bodies-ell our ht test improvanents.

in anti-friction bearings and are thoroughly

protected.





 

 

 

   

 





tm’er’s) twenty-year guarantee

American aspen pro





medgtei

small,

cats]





. Whether dairy‘

e us and 01:33in our ban





tee-ts

tor. Weushiptm-

hrs: or

dsomo free





Add“

mm" SEPAMM C0, “rushes um.





 

 

 

 

   

 

 





Difererrthom mm

aeration?





be





he...“

Before you decide on a cream





seguntor of capacity whatever, obtain our

31 mtg-gun. Our own (the mmnfae





 





Dairymen... ‘°“





Io.-





lllllllll BEET PULP





r. Youmnotlowbutmwill tbydoing

so. nib mature hesttbedorso the

find it s Inhibit“ fining below it’ aim a«feeding





value- compared tome other feeds and and

(human and gives better than

which rt is unfit-tad Nth l-est. Gunmen.





n.

hmtor





For-a Valuable Minter any nation beingvege-

is which ms





of the ratio-m mud

mm in both production and

meat in them ol your” animals.

Call on your indent! ham





.0MAR.ST

Cantor St" -

Ian- his he Its





you will

improve-





mbN you write





Bay City. Mich.

“cranes.





 





   





and easier to

OSHKDSII

STAINS





willdoit. Postalbrin

ma all our 191 an:

~ below“.





we“





 

 





 





   

   

 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMBR.





lag the winter and from 33 to 45 "per cent

during summer; or if a 3.8 per cent milk

is aklmrned, have the machine deliver 11

to 14 pounds of cream per 100 pounds of

milk during winter and from 8.5 to 10.5

pounds of cream during summer.



16. Separating milk in an unwashed

bowl that has been standing for several

hours is “a filthy practice.”





EQUIPMENT FOR A CREAMERY.





 





We are building a brick creamery 45x24

feet. We would like to have you or some

one who knows, give a. complete list of

the machinery required to make an up-

to-date creamery. Which is preferable,

the pumping or the gravity system of

handling the milk? Give the estimated

cost of the different pieces of machinery.



Leelanau Co. C. A. N.



While it is not stated whether this

equipment is for a whole milk plant or

a. gathered cream plant, I take it for

granted that it is for the latter because

it is a rare thing today to build a cream-

ery equipped for handling whole milk.

In other words, the whole milk creamery

is getting to be a thing of the past and

everything now tends towards the gath-

ered creamery plant. Neither is there

anything said as to the capacity of the

equipment. I am therefore figuring on

using a. 900 lb. chum and making the

equipment sufficient to handle this capac-

ity; that is, if you have a. 900 lb. churn,

then you want a receiving vat and a

ripener of sufficient capacity so that

they will hold one full churning if nee-

essary.



Our creamery company has just been

equipping a branch in Grand Rapids so

I can speak on the subject of equipping

a. creamery plant from experience. For

an up-to-date plant you will want prac-

tically the following equipment. First,

a. 300 gal. receiving vat, price $45. Sec-

ond, a ripener, 2,500 lbs. capacity, with

cooling coil, for $375. Third, a 300 gal.

ripener which will cost about $350.

Fourth, a 900 lb. churn, $240. Fifth, a

15 horsepower boiler and a 10 horsepower

engine, which will cost in the neighbor-

hood of $325. Sixth, a Babcock tester, 36

bottles, $35. Seventh, a set of platform

scales for weighing in the cream, two

beam scales, $27. Eighth, a set of Torsion

balances for weighing the cream samples,

$18. Ninth, one cream pump, $65. Tenth,

Sample bottles, test bottles, acid, etc.,

$45. Eleventh, piping shafting, belts, pul-

leys, eta, $200. Twelfth, a refrigerator





neighborhood of $300. So you have the

complete up-to-date equipment of a mod-

ern gathered cream creamery for prac-

tically $2,000.



I have put in only one pump, and, of

course, if the creamery is located just

right on a side hill

plenty of chance for the gravity system,

one can get along without a pump at all,

but most locations will not admit of a

complete gravity system. C. A. N asks

the question, “Which is best, the gravity

system or to pump the cream?” There





better where it can be used, but as I say,

it is seldom that one can get a location

where you can use exclusively the gravity

system. With the modern milk and





nicely without the gravity system; but

it goes without saying that if you can so

construct your cresmery that the cream

is weighed in and dumped into the re-

ceiving vat and them run by gravity from

the cream vat to the pasteurizer, then

from the cooling coils of the pasteurizer

to the ripener and then from the ripener

to the chum, all running down hill, the

handling of the milk is very much simpli-

fled.



Even with a level floor for the entire





so that the cream would run from the

cooling coils into the ripener; Then you

can pump the cream from the receiving

vat into the pasteurizer and let it run

back into the ripener. Now, if you can





ripener to the churn, well and good. If

not, in this instance you will not have to

use a pimp, but you can by a steam

siphon force the cream from the ripener

into the chum with very little difficultyfi

WVhere one can install a complete gravity





thing clean. A pump has to be taken

apart and carefully cleaned which, of

course, adds to the work and expense.

That is the principal objection but is not

a serious one. It is easier, however. to

clean and keep clean an open trough

through which the cream runs tl-nn it is

a pump and a. pipe through which the

mllkmustgowhenapumpismed.



E Besides the above you '1 Ibo nbed

about 100 milk cans.





 





SMilk I nto Dirty





made of cork board which will cost in the ,





:Cans





so that there is:





is no doubt that the gravity system is‘





cream pump one can get along veryf





creamery I would elevate the pasteurizer‘





lower your churn so it will run from the ,





system it is much easier to keep every- .





eilort that a child may run it;





a price you can easily afford to pay.

requiem Thousands of





this splendid machine.





times its price.

We want you to get our story.





Separator.





the name, make or price





more “Mo-date machines.





Learn the Truth





lnvestizaoe for yourself.





and then he acts.

get our proposition.

to you.





tion with nyother Cream Separator manufactured;

none





you me





transportation charges both ways.





 





 





YOU CAN 8':





OR MORE ON A MACY





When you buy a Cream Separator you

lwanta machine which guarantees skim—

ming to a trace; which cleans easily;





which may be operated with so little

one so





carefully built that it will last practically

a life-time; and a machine sold to you at





The Macy Cream Separator will fill every



duh farmers

throughout the United States are now using

It has been manufac-

bed and sold for the past five yesn. and it

is rapidly displacing the widely advertised

Cream Separators sold at two and three





We

want you to know the Macy Cream

It will add from $15. 00 to

{$20. 00 per cow per annom to your profits.

It will pay for itself in just a few months,

and give you better service and more

lasting service than any other Cream

Separator manufactured, no matter what





Do not be misled by the chin: made on behalf of

other Cream Separators. Do not be influenced by the

sneer: and insinuations of the manufacturers of the

old-style Cream Separators who are constantly attack-

ing those manufacturers and dealers who are selling





American Farm Folk are

the most intelligent eitizenshi p we have. The farmer

thinks for himseIi; he reaches his own conclusions,

All that we want you to do isto



We will leave I“ the rest of it

We will send the Macy Cream Separator to

your farm to be tested by you—to try out in competi-





ofthe-nl are hosted. We rent you to run the

Macy beside the other Cream Separators. Try it on

hot or cold milk; test it for butter tat: test it for easy

turning; for easy keksning; submit it tony test

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the Macy has not demonstrated that it is the best

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‘HORTICULTURE?





LAAAALAAAAAAAAAAAMAAA“





METHOD OF CULTIVATING OR-

CHARD.





 





 





 





 





Will you please tell me what experi-

ments have been conducted in cultivating

alternate rows in a peach orchard, seed-

ing the other rows to clover to be plowed

under the following year, changing this

the following season and seeding the

rows which were cultivated the previous

season. It seems to me that this way

gives more humus and nitrogen into the

soil than by cover crops. However, I

have my doubts as to whether this would

be sufficient cultivation for a peach or-

chard and that the crop might suffer.



Benzie Co. B. M.



While some work has been done along

the line suggested in R. M.% letter, we

have at hand no data to indicate the

comparative value of plowing up alter-

nate spaces between the trees and culti-

vating the entire surface. We have

heard testimony from successful growers

who contend (without having at hand

definite figures to support their ground

but Who have arrived at the conclusion

from general observation) that they pre-

fer . the practice of plowing alternate

spaces to the cultivation of all the ground

and devoting the last months of the sum-

mer and fall to growing a cover crop for

furnishing humus and nitrogen where

needed. But while there is one who

commends the "alternate" practice there

are perhaps twenty who swear by the

thorough cultivation policy. The more

recent introduction of the “alternate”

practice may, however, account for this

difference in the number of advocates

and for this reason we cannot denounce

without first having proper proofs to sus-

tain such a procedure. For the benefit

of R. M. and others. we ask those who

have practiced the method suggested by

him to write The Farmer telling what

results followed it is certain that the

present practice of cultivating trc-hards

which is being rapidi‘i extends-(j will

make such a discussion oi interest 10 a

large number of readers,





ON GROWING CELERY.



Please give instructions on how to grow

celery.



Ohio. S. K. G.



This plant demands liberal quantities

of plant food and moisture, and flourishes

in a cool location, hence a rich, cool,

moist soil is best adapted to it’s produc--

tion. Lowlands are therefore usually em-

ployed as they contain fertility washed

from higher levels and are supplied with

moisture from the same source. But on

uplands a fine quality of celery may be

grown by enriching the. land to a high

degree and conserving moisture by care—

ful tillage or irrigation. For home use

celery may be grown in any well-tilled

and rich garden soil.



The crop must be transplanted. Cel—

ery seeds germinate slowly and hence

must be started some time before the

plants are to be established in the gar-

den or field. They should be transplant-

ed two or three times to make them

stocky. Cut back tops a third or half

when transplanting. For home use the

early crop may be planted as soon as the

ground is ready to receive the plants,

but usually there is little commercial

demand for early grown celery and so

the large growers do not put in their

plants till after some quick growing crop

like early cabbage, has been removed.

Marshes are usually wet by spring fresh-

ets and cannot be gotten in shape for

the crop till early in the summer months.

l’lants should be from four to six inches

high when taken to the garden or field,

and should be planted from eight to 12

inches apart in rows which are from two

to four feet apart, depending upon the

method of blanching employed; where

boards are used the distance may be

two feet, but with dirt, four feet will be

required.



Start the cultivator immediately after

planting and keep it going. to retain

moisture for the crop will need large

amounts to properly assimilate plant food

during the latter period of the growing

seaSou. The hoe should be used between

the plants in the rows.



Celery must be bleached. This can be

dot? in the field or in storage. The

summer and fall crop must be bleached

in the field, while the winter supply may

be cared for in storage. To accomplish

this in the open, stand boards along each

side of the rows, crowd them closely and

secure them with stakes. The boards





should be ten inches or a foot wide. The

rows need to be’ hilled up a little which

can .be done ,with the "hiller's" on the

cultivator. Remove broken or injured

leaves, especially those that show any

tendency to decay for they will infect

others as the decomposition goes on.





A better method for blanching, when'

ground, as the roots cannot grasp the soil'





quality of crop is concerned, is to mound

earth around the plants so that only the

tips of the leaves project. Regular hillers

are on the market for this purpose and

are employed by large growers. Where

done with a shovel or spade one party

should gather the leaves of each individ-

ual plant in his hands and hold them to-

gether while two others throw the earth

from either side until it is piled to the

proper height. The work should be done

on the installment plan to insure best

results. >



Where but a few plants are grown a

practical way to blanch is to invert a.

drain tile over each plant. The stems

are kept clean and the light excluded

perfectly.





AMOUNT OF ASHES TO USE.





 





Could you tell me how much fresh

leached ashes should be put on land for

a crop of onions, cabbage, etc.?



Presque Isle Co. A. C. OR.



The amount of ashes required for on—

ions, cabbages, etc., would depend first,

upon the condition of the ground before

the ashes are added. Since ashes are

rich in potash and phosphoric acid they

can be applied liberally where these two

elements are lacking but would be use-

less if these elements were present in

sufficient amount to give a maximum of

growth. Then, too, the quality of the

ashes would determine in part what

amount should be added as hard wood

ashes contain a greater per cent of the

above mentioned elements than soft wood

ashes. Coal ashes are valueless except

that upon clay soils they aid in condi-

tioning the land by adding a little coarse

material to open it up. The progressive

onion grower endeavors to supply his

crop with about 40 or 50 pounds of potash

per year, so if this element is being sup—

plied by the addition of wood ashes it

would require from 500 to 600 pounds to

do it, since good ashes test about eight

per cent potash. The application of such

an amount would also provide the soil

with from 15 to 18 pounds of phosphoric

acid. The wood ashes could be supple-

mented with applications of phosphate

rock and nitrate of soda so as to give the

soil a balanced supply of food for the

onions; use say 200 pounds of the rock

and 500 pounds of the nitrate of soda, ap-

plying the latter perhaps at three differ-

ent times, using about 150 to 200 pounds

per application. Barnyard manure should

be applied to the ground with a hoed

crop the preceding year. so that the

strawy material will be better decom-

posed and the plant food ready to be ap-

propriated by. the onion or cabbage plants.





FRUIT PROSPECTS.





 





 





The low temperature prevailing during

the latter part of ‘March and April de-

layed the buds on fruit trees to an extent

that will protect them from damage un-

less very unusual conditions occur later

on. As a result reports are coming from

all fruit sections stating that the present

prospects are excellent. We are yet to

hear discouraging news, the only matter

that disheartens growers being that the

prospects are so good that if they ma-

terialize into fruit the product will be so

plentiful that profitless prices will be

realized from sales. But so many people

thing thus during a season of plenty that

it usually happens the waste is so large

for lack of care that prices in the spring

ordinarily pay good dividends upon the

expense and patience invested to carry

the fruit over. Hence those who have

trees should take good care of them;

cultivate and spray that nature may do

her best to make perfect, fruit. 0f fancy

fruit our best markets will demand all

that is produced at good prices even

though the common market be flooded

with second grade material.



Some damage has resulted to southern

fruit from frosts after blooming. The ex-

tent of the loss has not been ascertained.

However, whether it be large or small it

is not likely to affect northern growers,

for when the crop of the south is small

consumers of the north get in the habit

of paying good prices, and when large

and less expensive they take more and

thus are ready to consume larger quan-

tities of the product grown at home. The

Delaware peach and pear crops show no





u





THE 'MICHTGAN'i-FAR'MER. '





damage and had a full bloom. California-I





pears are. reported to be attacked with

thrlps, but in some instances these re-

ports are said to be untrue.





VALUE OF A FIRM ROOT-RUN.





 





It is unwise to plant anything in loose





without the latter has been pressed close

to them. If it is necessary to plant any-

thing when the soil is too wet to give the

necessary firmness, a good treading, or,

if necessary, ramming, should be given

when the surface becomes dryer. It is

necessary to study the character of the

soil. I do not recommend heavy soil to be

trampled when wet as it becomes unheal-

thy for the roots to work in, and when

dried out it cracks and parts with its

moisture too rapidly; but I should not

advise anything to be planted in heavy

land without having some lighter compost

to work round the roots to make the con-

dition healthy. This may only be a small

detail, but it is an important one. When

I had a heavy clay soil to deal with I

always provided a heap of lighter stuff to

place round the roots in transplanting,

and to cover seeds. This heap of light

compost often accounted for the differ-

ence between success andqfailure.



Canada. W. R. GILBERT.



GROWING LIMA BEANS.



In the issue of April 15. page 461. N- S-

G. says, “We have found lima beans one

of the most adaptable as well as most

profitable of our vegetables.”



XVe fully agree with the above, but

there are contingencies in growing this

crop with which we do not meet in any

other variety of the bean family, and

to grow them successfully we must know

these peculiarities and how to meet them.

They are one of the most delicious of

vegetables and the wonder is that so few

are grown, and that, comparatively

speaking, so few people use them. In

offering them for sale, the writer has of-

ten been surprised to find many families

that have never used them and seem to

know little or nothing about them. There

is little doubt but that there are more

failures than successes in growing them,

and this perhaps is the reason that they

do not come into more general culture.

\Ve recall that some years ago a report

from our experiment station stated that

growing them in this latitude met with

but indifferent success, or words to that

effect.



Now, as to the contingencies above

mentioned. In the first place, beans in

general succeed best in only a moderately

rich soil, as the tendency of more than

moderate fertility is to produce a feast

of vines and a famine of beans. Con-

trary to this general tendency the lima

requires a rich soil and will be a disap-

pointment on soils that would grow fine

crops of other varieties. In the second

place, with few exceptions they require

a comparatively long season. They can-

not be planted until soil and weather

conditions have become warm and set-

tled, so they are liable to be caught by

the autumn frosts just at the height of

the bearing season or before, if Jack

happens to be a little previous in his vis-

its. Again, there is a very important

point in planting of which very little is

ever said. They are the largest of all

beans and in the process of germination

cannot turn themselves in the soil, as do

the smaller varieties. We all know that

in sprouting the bean splits in halves and

they form a sort of thick meaty leaf

from which the main stalk comes. In the

usual haphazard manner of planting

these large flat beans nearly always lie

on their side and in the struggle to get

out of the ground, are often injured and

they never make good. The remedy is to

stick the beans eyes downward rather

than to plant them. Stick them with the

thumb and finger and cover not to ex-

ceed an inch in depth and the failures

will be few in so far as breaking the

soil and coming up is concerned.



As to the second cause of failure men-

tioned, plant as early as weather condi-

tions become settled and safe, using early

varieties, as King of the Garden, Seibert’s

Early, etc. A better plan still is to start

them early and transplant them. They

can be planted in shallow boxes and set

in a moderately warm room and thus held

until they are up and well established

when they can be transplanted to the

open ground just as safely as tomatoes.

Stick them. eyes downward, in the boxes

and two or three inches apart so that

they can be taken up with a ball of earth



(Continued on page 532).





 





 





Busy asphalt-diggers in Trinidad Lake





Natural as'phalt is the

life of - ‘





Genasco





the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing





And natural oils are the

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Mineral or smooth sur-





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The Kant-leak KIeet waterproofs the

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Ask your dealer for Genasco with

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The Barber Asphalt

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largest producer. of "pl-Alt, and let-nu

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Assoelatlonei Sentiment.—

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal Wealth of nations.

_.__4._._——._—

THE CONSERVATION OF OUR BiRDS.





..__.___.





Paper read by Miss Emily Bennett at

the annual meeting of Clinton County

Association of Farmers' Clubs held at





St. Johns.

(Continued from last week).





The daily food of a grasshopper is be-

lieved to be about equal to its own

weight, about 15 grains. One bird ex-

amined had taken 37 grasshoppers, an-

other had taken 30 common grasshoppers,

14 green grasshoppers and 10 crickets.

Mr. Fisher estimates that if there were

20 larks and their young to the square

mile of meadow, the amount of hay saved

in the. township would amount to more

than $300 at $10 per ton. Many beetles,

leaf-beetles, snout beetles, and curCulio

are all taken in their season. Caterpillars

comprised over four per cent, even in.

December. Forest and bird conservation

are inseparable. Many farmers regard

the wood-pecker with suspicion and if his

crimson crown is seen in a cherry tree he

is apt to share the- fate of many other

crowned heads, but to no other source

can we look for deliverance from some of

the enemies of both» fruit and forest trees.

Wood—boring beetles, caterpillars that

bore into trees, and ants, make up a large

portion of his food. Some species of ants

finding a small spot of decay, burrow into

the tree and as the family increases the

cavity is enlarged until the whole tree is

honey-combed.



The flicker is especially an ant-eater.

0f the specimens examined two contained

more than 3,000 of a species of ground

ants and one had taken fully,5,000. In

the spring the corn louse is entirely de-

pendent upon these ants which mine along

the principal roots of the corn and then

convey the lice to the,burrow. Ants take

great care of their cows, even carrying

the eggs into their own nests to shelter and

protect them through the winter, carrying

them out again in the spring and placing

them upon the plants. The flicker eats

many other insects, moths, beetles, corn

weevil, etc.



The' sap-sucker is the only one of the

family of birds whose habits are to be

condemned. The cuckoo is said to be

worth many dollars to the orchardlst. The

stomachs of 46 birds examined contained

906 caterpillars. 44 beetles, 96 grasshop-

pers, 100 saw files, 30 stink bugs and 13

spiders. Nearly half the cuckoo’s food is

said to be caterpillars, the hairy, bristly

kind rejected by most birds. When the

cuckoo visits the nest of the tent cater-

pillar he eats as many as possible, some-

times more than a hundred. Indeed, the

inner lining of the stomach is pierced by

so many hairs it appears to be lined with

fur. As the bird takes several meals per

day his service can scarcely be estimated.



“*e have not mentioned the grossbeak,

a bird not common in this vicinity, but

the rose—breasted is coming. He is beau-

tiful, both in plumage and in song. I

wish you Would all read Audobon‘s de—

scription of him. The Biological Survey

devotes 92 pages to a description of the

bird and his habits. It is of special val-

ue to fruit growers. The coddling moth

flies only in the night and the larvae

enters the fruit as soon as hatched but

the grossbeak searches out the insect in

the pupa state, while as many as 100

scale insects have been taken at a. meal.

Also, the rose chafer, for which no rem-

edy has been discovered. The Colorado

potato beetle is esteemed a delicacy and

where the bird abounds no other remedy

is needed. Over 70 varieties of insects

contribute to the grossbeak’s food, in-

cluding the bronzy woodborer, plum-cur-

culio, tentscaterpillar, ,gipsy moth, brown

tailed moth and many vmore of the most

injurious species. Restriction of foreign

immigration is a theme much discussed.

The English sparrow .and many of ~our

most destructive insects hail from the

old werld. To the presence and depreda-

tion of the English sparrow we may

charge the departure of many of our

neighborly birds; 'the robin and bluebird.

the swallow and martian Even when

houses“ had been pm?“ for them the“





J; strife, retires.

isle. now rarely seen and yet the swallow





 





‘ Gin?- and throwing out thd'Young birds:





till [the swallow, discouraged and tired of

A barn or cliff swallow





ranks as one of the most useful of birds.

taking. his prey in midaJr. The spread of

the area occupied by the cotton boil

weevil is about 50 miles per year, and

the swallow stands at the head as a

destroyer of this pest. They are present

for a short time-during the spring and

fall. migrations. The southern states will

attempt to protect their resident birds,

like the 'quail, which has“ been known to

take 47 boll weevil, but it is for the

northern states to aid in every way pos—

sible. True patriotism knows no state

boundaries. An energetic war is urged

against the English sparrow and the

careful protection of the nesting places

of the swallows and martins. Also that

entrances be made in the modern barn.

Many buildings have been closed to shut

out the sparrow, and this excludes the

swallow also. From the report of the

Biological Survey their presence should

be encouraged by every device.

(Continued next week).





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





The 20th Century Farmers' Club met

in April at the home of Hon. S. A.

Strong, with a. good attendance. Mrs.

Lee Ford gave a pathetic recitation and

Mrs. Wm. Hewlett a select reading en-

titled. “Woman’s Work.” “The value of

clover or other leguminous crops as a.

fertilizer." was opened by Mr. Russel,

who considered clover the best fertilizer

for the reason that it loosens the soil as

well as enriches it. He gave his experi-

ence in bringing up the soil of a field so

badly impoverished that it raised nothing

but nubbins when planted to corn. He

sowed to clover and kept it to clover

four years, one year letting it grow and

fall back to the ground, thus following

nature's plan of fertilizing, which acted

as a. cover and conserved the moisture

which he considered a better way than

plowing it under. After four years he

sowed to wheat and harvested 33 bushels

to the acre, then put it to corn which

yielded 100 bushels to the acre, and fol-

lowed this with oats with a yield of 55

bushels. He preferred a top dressing

With any fertilizer as, if plowed under it

is liable to go down so deep that the

roots will not reach it. It was argued

that on clay soil results were very quick-

ly obtained from any of the fertilizers

but what we needed was results that

could be seen in later years. One gave

his experience in the use of commercial

fertilizer. He fertilized alternate strips

at the rate of 260 lbs. to the acre, then

sowed to cats. The fertilized portion

showed a. marked difference in its early

growth not so much later, with a larger

and heavier berry when harvested. The

acre of fodder corn was much improved

while the melons Were half larger and

one-third more of them. One thought it

might be wise to use the fertilizer to

get the clover then use the clover. One

who seemed to voice the general senti—

ment of the Club said the three C.’s.

corn, clover and cows, would keep a farm

in .the finest condition if properly used.

t—\d,]ourned to meet the first Wednesday

in May with J. L. Stonebemer and wife

to discuss the profit of spraying fruit with

manner and method, led by Lee Ford,

also corn culture, led by Mr. Russell.—

Jennie M. Ford, Reporter.





The Washington Center Farmers' Club

met at Old Homestead with Mr. and

Mrs. J. E. De Mott on April 13. The day

was stormy and the roads were in a. fierce

condition, but nevertheless, there were

a goodly number present, and all had an

excellent time. The meeting was called

to order by the president. The first on

the program was singing by the Club.

Reading of minutes was approved of.

Miscellaneous business. The secretary

read a communication from \Villiam Al-

den Smith thanking the Club for their

resolutions against the Canadian reciproc-

l‘ty bill. Question for general discussion,

Should the farmer take his sons into

partnership?” was led by F. E. Cammet,

who thought it was all right, if they

could get the sons interested. This ques-

tion was discussed 'by Messrs. Campbell.

(..ook, Walker, French, Cul-ren, and oth-

ers, and brought out a lively discussion.

The Top Notch Farmer.—~The after-

noon session opened with‘ an excellent

program, including a paper on “The

chances we miss," by Mrs. YVill Long

and musical selections by Miss Eunice

De Mott. The QUGSUOH. “What consti—

tutes a top notch farmer?” was led bv

o. J. Campbell, who said that top notch

farmers were not very thick. is one who

is to the top notch of everything, is one

who does not attempt to do more than

he can attend to. He also gave some

other very good ideas of what constitutes

a. top notch farmer. This question was

drifted from a little by branching off onto

stories, which .caused much merriment.

Nevertheless there were some very good

ideas given on what constitutes a top

notch farmer.





Suggestions on Raising Alfalfa b S.

N. French, who gave some very good

suggestions. one of which was to be sure

and sow enough seed. There were oth-

ers who‘also gave some good ideas on

raising alfalfa, which concluded the af-

ternoon session. The next meeting will

be at Apple Grove with Mr. and Mrs.

John Kaiser, on May 11., at 1:30 p. m.

an meeting closed with singing by the



ub.—Mrs. Cora Kaiser, Cor. Sec.





 





 

 

 





<2» 531 ~‘ '





'as many wheels in motion in each of the

other heads, as in mine, "it’s goin’ some?

to express my meaning inelegantly but

exactly. JENN’IE BUE'LL.





 





”GRANGE





AAAAAAAAA'AAAAAA‘A





 





Our Motto—”The Farmer is of more A STRIKING COMPARISON OF TAR.

consequence than the farm. and. should be 1FF TAXES '

first improved." —__ .





THE MAY PROGRAMS. One of the most effective arguments



- -———-—-— against the pending reciprocity measure



State Lecturer’s Suggestions for First that has yet been presented is contained

‘ Meeting. in a carefully prepared statement just



"Elms; 5011*? “gagging? 1:350 “gown issued by the legislative committee of the

Bat aligeoifieeggvorfite scenteed fi‘gWIer. National Grange. From the first, the

Recall anew the by-gone hour." Grange has contended that the cost of

Talk, “Spring birds I have seen." the manufactured articles which the





Recitation. , farmers of both countries use is lower in

Talk, "Spring flowers I have seen.’ Canada than in this country, and an ex—

Recitation. amination of the tariff duties imposed by





Alfalfa, growing. _ _ the Canadian government upon its manu-

Reading, ,2“? bright g1“ becomes the facture‘d imports_bears out this conten-

dull woman, lollowed by discussion of tion. The committee finds that Canada

same. , has three kinds of_ tariff rates, a general

The power Of FeSDOHSIbilitY in the mak- tariff, an intermediate tariff, and a Brit-

ing 0f, a man. , , ish preferential tariff. As the. greater

Music and rec1tatlons, in charge or part of the manufactured goods imported

Flora. into Canada come from Great Britain,

Suggestions for Second Meetlng. and tas the gct>odbse iglspolrgve’d igrogiczthzg

.. coun rles mus



glgérggeirmgixggleglftt itrljgt‘laltehgieather tgose comliing ftombe Great hBritiain.,telsig



. - . .- ’ t ey wou no purc ase l

Therttehse lsrgllillo’vement in the climate of only fair to take the rates of duty

Select reading on British. goods as the standard of

Farm management comparison with our tariff rates. The

Instrumental mug“; following tabulated comparison of Can-

Home management adian and United States tariff] duties

' shows that on articles generaly use

Report of lhe One Improvement by the Canadian farmer he pays an





 





 





Clglh'lp basket, in charge 6f Assistant Lec- gig/$315323 tariff! tigxpzfifi fbgmthio figmiispglf‘

“”8“. . . this country:

MuSlc and leading, in charge of Ceres. Can. Tariff. U. S. Tariff.

— Per cent. Per cent.

HOW 'T WORKS- Earthenware .......... 15 60

———-— Tin plate ............ free 45

For a number of years we, in Michigan. "Iggevfsl'fmg kinds. -- 11:: 45

have been advocating the preparation and none over ..... 10 750 per cwt.

printing of our programs considerably in Hats ................... 20 55

advance. Some Granges have gone so Sugar ----------------- ié :3

far as to publish their plans for the entire gfirpcfigih ':_‘_'_°_'::_':::::: 25% 45

year in advance; others for six months, Furniture _____________ 20 35

and still more for only a quarter ahead. Cotton cloth ...é....;.. 22'» 50 to 60

Some people have claimed it was a. good 2(1):)‘365' andMitstsc per (mfg-1,! (553

idea to do this, but others have said it Dress goods 15 z 60

was all waste effort, that those put on Automobile farm trucks 22 45

the program forgot it until they were gglfifiiidgoodssome 20 45

called upon, on the day of meeting, and kinds .............. free

therefore made no better preparation none over ......... 5 60

than if they had never been notified. Cement ------------- 5 , 19

‘ Underclothlng ........ 221,9; 4;,

JUSt recently I have had an excellent Salt .................. free 110 per cwr.

opportunity to observe at short range Axes __________________ 1;, 45

how this plan works. Two or three days Shovels ................ 29 45

before the first of the present quarter I 3:375:55 """"""""" if: 12

received a copy of the program of my Chains iironl """""""""""""" 5 45 and up

own Grange for the current three months. :{nixtles and forks ...... 33% 50 to 23

\‘ ell along toward the close of this DI‘O- ngilfigwlalfgchlnes 20 - 30

gram I noticed my name opposite a topic. Oranges . ............ free 10 lb. and 30%

My first thought was, “Oh, well, that on the pkg.

doesn’t come for quite a, while yet—I Lemons ............. free 11/30 per lb. and

need not fuss over it now.” “1th this Window glass ....... 7%30% on the?) 30kg“;

I SllDDOSGd the matter was dismissed un- Rice ......... 500 per out. $2 per cwt.

ill a later season. Quite the contrary. Figs .......... 40c per cwt. $1 per cwt.

The subject confronts me every little Jute bags 15 and 3547;)

while, making pleas for itsclf as to how Cotton thread 17%, 4;,

it can best be presented when its proper Glassware ............. 3 60 to 100

time arrives. lt socms to be aware that Lamp chimneys 30 _ 5‘)

it is an old topic and must have a. new 3:533 goods ''''' 53 45 to ‘2“;

dress ill order to induce consideration. It Baskets ............. free 40 m 60

insists that it must not fail, since it is Rubber coats ........ 13 3.}

really very important; and yet it reads gslgilserbootsandshoes 1‘; 3,;

over my shoulder, from letters written Lead _______________ free 2%clb.

me, that the old topics are likely to be Clocks and watches... 20 40 to 60

Bicycles ............... 20 45





called “poky.” and "dry,” and “quite im- Th fi i

.‘i lo." " rhat shall we do?" it seems e gums Even Show conclusively

DOSQb Vi , ‘_ that the Canadian farmer buys manu-

tO say, and then m sets about suggesimg factured articles at lower prices than

this way and that by which it may be are paid by our farmers. The other

rejuvenated and made somewhat atiruc- fg‘géingglgggogfné: Naililonil Gralngfi. as t3

. ‘, (.1 . -nlanarmans,an

live. it lcmlnds me that l have been lower wages of Canadian farm labor. are

preaching the doctrine of appeallng to established by official reports, which

the eye as well as to the car, and it ill- IShOSV .thaet “118 .avfrageth value of. farm

. . , , , , an s m ammo is ess an one—half the

Slsts that I must take my own lnedllme. value of those in this country, and that

“But how?’ It Seems t0 say. for it Is not the wages of farm labor in the l'nited

an easy subject to illustrate. Then it States are1 from 20 to 25 per cent higher

,. ., , 2' . , , . - 12m in 21 sections of Canada. with the

appeals to lllilll, .illd l)l()(CEyilh to rcmmd exception of the Canadian northwestern

me that a mun 111 l\cw iol'k hall the provinces, where the rate of wages is

same topic given to him, once upon a. about the same as in our northwestern

time in a (hung! meeting, and that with states._ [he value ”.f farm lands in the

. . , Canadlan northwest 15, however, not one-

a little effort be made a collection of 10+; third of the value of lands in Iowa - N9;

objects that lcnt emphasis to what he braska, Minnesota and neighboring states

had to say himself. “\\’itll so mll(‘ll to ——_’*—*“%-





leok at" my topic seems in insinuatc, A New Oinelfogt Ki'aMZTOO-TA Grange

.. . . . . . . . W213 “1'33" 739‘ ' UgUS a, {alamazoo

.\ou Will not need to say very much, fm Co., Saturday evening, April 4. This





people would rather look than listen, any Crangp starts with 75 charter members

day!” And so I am casting about for and bright. l‘n‘tQSDPCtS. The officers of the



. . . . . . , , new organlza min are as follows: Master,

material to lllllhtlflte m} topu, and I am C. F. Koster; overseer, M. G. Ogden- sec—

lhmklng to ask other members of the retary' \V, S. Drew; treasurer, l’). .l.’Bail-





Grange to assist in this, for I have heard 93': lecturer. Mrs. \Villiam Chichester;

that it is a Sign of good generalshlp to steward, H- 1‘3. Mllspaugh; assistant stew-

_ . al'd, J. H. Houghtallng; chaplain, Rev. P.

get other people to work. As the same A. Cross; gatekeeper, H. Jensen; Ceres,

topic is assigned to another person also. Mrs. Dora Lang; Flora. Mrs. E. J_

I must plan to talk it over- with him so Barnes: . Pomona, Hattie Houghtaling;

as not to duplicate or infringe upon what lady aSSIStant steward, Rhoda Smith.

he hopes to get a chance to say.



I do not certainly know how this mat-

ter of being notified of your place on a

program considerably ahead of time will

ultimately work out, but this is the way state speaker.

it is working at present in one case at Arenac Co., with Moffett Grange, at

least. There are thirty-five other per- Greenwood. Wednesday. May 17- State





- Master Hull, speaker.

sons definitely named in thls same ad- Lenawee Co., with South Dover Grange.





vance program for the quarter, and I am Thursday, June 1. Lecturers’ conference

thinking that if its announcement has set conducted by State Lecturer.





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings.

Clinton 00., with Gunnisonville Grange,

Wednesday. May 10. Mrs. E. J. Creyts.