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VOL. CXXXII. No. 12.

Whole Number 3443.





1





FARM NOTES.





 





The Bean Crop.





fWill you kindly give me your opinion

regarding the following, in the Michigan

Farmer: I have a field, fall plowed.

which I am thinking of plantingto beans.

The soil runs from a sort of mucky sand

to a. ridge of sandy loam soil, and is

inclined to dry out. Is rather below par

in fertility. Shall I put in fertilizer and

'how much, and what .kind? Would you

advise applying fertilizer with drill, us—

ing three hoes to each row of beans, and

how much is safe to drop with the seed?

What do you think of a heavy timothy

sbd, clay loam, spring plowed, for beans?

gGratiot Co. R. J. BRECKENRJDGE.





‘ Beans were first grown as a cash crop

upon the lighter soils of the state. They

were found to be a fairly remunerative

crop upon these soils after wheat became

an uncertain crop on them, and where

made a factor in the crop rotation upon

such soils for some years it Was gener-

ally found to be more and more difficult

to get a seeding of clover on the land,

and this fact, together with a. gradually

decreasing yield and a greater uncer-

tainty of the crop owing to the develop-

ment of fungous diseases, the crop was

gradually abandoned on these soils, until

today there are very few beans grown

in neighbor-hoods where the crop was

once a common one. But the industry

gradually spread out in the state in the

meantime, and the crop was found to be

better adapted to the heavier soils of the

state,.a-nd today, while the production of

beans is larger in Michigan than ever

before and larger than the production

of any other state, the great bulk of the

bean crop is grown upon clay and clay

loam soils, instead of upon sandy and

sandy loam soils as formerly. Then, too,

the methods Which are used in growing

the crop, as well as the place given it

in the crop rotation have changed. For-

merly the bean crop was generally given

the second place in the crop rotation,

quite often following corn as a prepara-

tion for the wheat crop instead of sum-

mer fallowing. But those who have stayed

in the business and are making beans a

staple cash crop on the farm today have

found it pays to give them the very best

chance, as the returns

are more satisfactory,

and the average yield

in some of the best bean

sections is probably as

great as the exceptional

yields were a few years

ago under the methods

then in use.





This bit of history is

recited simply for the

purpose of applying the

lesson of experience

which it. contains. The

point to be deduced is

that. it will not generally

be found profitable in

the long run to plant

beans on ground, that

has been somewhat run

and is low in fertility,

particularly if due to a

poor mechanical condi—

tion or ,a‘ poverty of

humus in the soil. The

growing of successive

cultivated crops on the

same field will deplete

the soil of humus rap-

idly and make its me-

chanical condition worse,

and thus make the clover

Seeding more uncertain

when the land is finally

seeded. Of course, the

application of stable ma-

iige would supply some

human: as well as plant

food, but it would be





 





A Characteristic





DETROIT. Mlcn. SATURDAY. MARCH 0. 1909.





 





Mt. Pleasant,





Tuttle’s Sign (Boys’ Story).

of Our Wild Flowers.





Developing a High-Grade Dairy Cow.





feeding for proper development





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF THE WEEK.





Some Lessons from Our Swlss Cousins on Utilization of Barnyard Manure.

—A special article, with illustrations, p

tion of stable manure which is universally practiced in Switzerland..311



The Round-Up lnstitute.——Report of the closing sessions of the meeting at



as concluded from previous issues ................... 314-315



Prepare for, the Foals.—Some details of preparation which may be instru-

mental in saving the lives of Valuable foals



Helps for the Beginner in Bee Keeping.——'l‘he first of a series of articles

calculated to help those who make bee-keeping a side issue ....... 320



Magazine Section.——The Making and Dtribution



Masterpieces of an Ink-blot Artist.



Washing Luce Curtains and Wool Blankets.323-33-i





 





city of the calf and the matured cow with points to be considered in

Can the Farmer Afford to Grow Apples—Figures

a Michigan farmer has done with old neglected appletrees ............ 34f





describing the careful con-serva-





............................ 317





Money. Jimmy





Some





of Paper





A comparison of the stomach capa-





ure given showing what





 





 





 





 





much easier and better to put this ma~-

nure on the ground intended for corn

than to top dress this fall plowed ground

for beans.



Those who have experimented with

commercial fertilizers for beans on good

clay loam soils have found that it does

not pay to use either nitrogen or potash,

but that an application of 200 lbs. of

acid phosphate per acre gives profitable

results. On soil that is depleted in fer-

tility, it might pay to use a little nitrogen

to give the crop a good start and on

sandy land it would doubtless pay to use

some potash. It has also been found

best to distribute the fertilizer thru three

drill hoes as suggested in this inquiry.

as too much fertilizer in the row with

the seed may injure the seed, especiulfy

in a dry season.



.VVhen beans were commonly planted

in checks, the usual amount of seed

planted was around 30 lbs. per hero, but

with the advent of drilling, which is now

the common method of putting in the

crop, a larger amount of seed has been

used. The writer has had best results

when 40 to 45 ll.)s.,,.0f St‘l‘d was drilled in

I'OVVS 28 in. apart and clean, level culture

given the crop thruout the. growing season



Undoubtedly a (lover sod is the best



possible place to plant bonus, but if a





timothy sod is plowed early and well

cultivated up to planting time it should

give a good crop, particularly if fer-

tilized as suggested in this query.



Sowing Alfalfa Seed with Clover.



Would like to hear thru the paper

what is the most successful method of

growing white pea beans. I have a clay

loam sod field which I plowed last fall.

\Vould it be all» right to spread manure

just before planting. The land is in

fairly good shape, timothy sod: How

many lbs. per acre should be planted.

I also have five acres of corn ground 1

am going to sow to cats, which was ma-

nured last year. I want to seed to

clover and timothy. How would two

quarts of alfalfa, the same of June clover

and the rest timothy be for this purpose.

The ground is high clay loam in pretty

good shape. Would you seed to just one

kind of clover?



Sanilac Co. SUBSCRIBER.



In addition to the above comments on

the bean crop little more need be said in

answer to this inquiry, especially as the

subject was well covered in the report

of the Round-Up Institute in the last

issue, on page 289. The writer would

prefer using the stable manure on the

sod ground intended for corn, using a

little commercial fertilizer on the beans

as noted above, if thot necessary.



It would depend somewhat upon cir-

cumstnnccs as to whether it would pay

to sow alfalfa seed with the red clover





75 CENTS A YEAR

81.50 THREE YEARS





and timothy in seeding this oat field.

Where it is desired to introduce the

alfalfa crop into the farm economy it is

a good plan to sow a little of the seed

with the clover, so as to get the land

inoculated with the bacteria peculiar to

the plant in a natural way. It is claimed

that the alfalfa will utilize the nitrogen

stored up by the clover and do fairly

well until it gradually develops the no-

dules of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria,

after whiclrthc soil will become so Well

inoculated with this bacteria that the

crop 'inay be grown successfully without

artificial inoculation. If this is not de—

sired, however, it would be better to use

the clover and timothy alone, or with

nlsiko clover, as the alfalfa would not

be as apt to survive the uncertain con-

ditions which surround seeding with cats

as would the other clovers.





How Should We Sow Clover Seed?



I have 16 acres of rye drilled in last

fall and secured a good stand from the

seed. I want to sow Mammoth clover on

same this spring and wish to know thru

the columns of your valuable paper, how

is the best way to cover same after

sowing. The soil is of a light, gravelly

sandy nature, with a. good subsoil under-

neath. I can sow with disk drill, or

broadcast, and burrow in with light

spike—tooth drag after drilling in with

disk, or after sowing broadcast. Please

advise the best way to do to secure good

crop of rye and sure catch of clover.



Gladwin Co. C S. BLISS.





This inquiry raises an old question upon





which even good farmers will never

agree, largely because of the different

conditions under which they grow the





clover crop. Many farmers adhere to

the belief that it is better to sow the

clover in the winter or early spring and

depend upon the freezing and thawing

of the ground and the wash of the spring

rains to cover it, while others are as

firmly convinced that it is better to

burrow in in April. But the latter class are

divided in opinion as to whether the seed

should be sown before or after the har~

row, and some contend that it is better

to distribute it right in the harrow or to

barrow both before and after sowing.

Again, the farmers in the northern coun-

ties who are making such a phenomenal

success with clover find





 





0





Swiss Manure Heap with Pump Over Liquid Manure Reservoir.





a»...





(See Article on Page 311).





that in the loose and

open sandy soils it is

necessary to cover the

seed deeply in order to

secure best results. But

as between the methods

suggestml in this inquiry

on the kind of soil de~

scribed, the writer would

prefer sowing with the

drill, providing the depth

can be controlled so as





to not get the seed in

too deep, then going

over the land with a.





wceder, light barrow or

roller us may seem best

to firm the soil down and





fill the drill marks. “'9





have a drill equipped

specially for s 0 win 8’

clover seed. It has a





drag tooth attachment

running just ahead of

the drill hoe which opens

a furrow into which the

seed falls. If this little

furrow is not closed as

above advised the young

plants may be destroyed

by a heavy rain coming

after the first leaves

have formed and cover-

ing it up in this furrow.

However, the method

does not'matter. so much

as that we get the seed

into the ground and cov‘





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~ ‘9 .zmaar





, . . .. -..... ,. _.. .-« . ”W“

...-..m.«..._., ,n... —~
310, ~ has

'ere'd at the right depth to insureits ger-

mination under. the weather and soil

cOnditions which prevail. The same

method may not be best tWO years 'in

succession as the condition of the soil

may be different, owing to the difference

in the way it has been handled and to

the different weather conditions which

prevail in different seasons. If the drill

is used it is better to drill crosswise of

the drill marks in which the rye is grow-

ing as the grain will be less disturbed

and the seed better distributed. The

same rule holds good in harrowing.



.. Fertilizing Corn.



In discussing fertilizers you give formu-

las like this: "‘1:8:10." What does it

mean in English? I have a field I wish

to plant to corn, using a hand planter—.A

“stabber.” I Wish to fertilize it. At an

Institute last year I heard a farmer de-

scribing his method of fertilizing corn

and getting a large yield. He said be

marked the field out 3 ft. 8 in., then

dropped a handfull of fertilizer .on the

bill (a handfull making about 300 lbs.

per acre), and then planted the corn

'with a, hand planter, stabbing it down

thru this fertilizer. He said the seed

did not come in contact with the fer-

tilizer enough to hurt it, and that the

first rain washed what was left on top

of the ground down into the hill. Three

years ago I planted a field with what is

known as a “fertilizer planter," (hand

planter), a quantity of the fertilizer be-

.ing released and dropped into each hill

along with the corn. The corn came up

spotted, many of the hills not germinat-

ing. Examination showed a bunch of

mold where the seed should have been.

I always thot the fertilizer burned up

the seed. Where one has. to choose be-

tween one of the two methods above

mentioned, or put the fertilizer in bioad—

cast with a fertilizer drill before plant-

ing. which method is preferable?



Ingham Co. . .



The figures “1-8-10” when used to

describe a fertilizer formula, means that

the formula contains 1 per cent of avail-

ablc nitrogen, generally in the form of

ammonia, 8 per cent of soluble phos-

phoric acid and 10 per cent of potash,

cithcr in the form of muriate or sulfate

of potash. For the fertilizer to be used

for potato or other root crops, the potash

contained should be in the form of sul-

fate, as the muriate is considered injur-

ious to those crops. ,



Now, with regard to fertilizing corn

for the best results, the proper method

to use would depend somewhat on the

condition of the soil upon which the corn

is to be planted. Too much fertilizer

d-roppcd right into the hill with the seed

might injure its germinating qualities.

cspccially in a dry season. W’hcn_dropped

on the surface, however, as described in

this qucry, especially if the soil is har-

rowed before the corn comes up, it will

be pretty thoroly mixed with the soil

and no difficulty of that kind should be

experienced. The application of fertilizer

in the hills will give the com a better

start than it would otherwise get, on-

couraging its growth at a time when its

roots will reach down into the soil to

get the benefit of the manure which may

be plowed under, or fertility which is

not right at hand. Consequently, in a

fairly fertile soil, or especially one which

has been manurcd, a little fertilizer ap-

plied in the hill may have a very bene-

ficial effect. On the other hand if the

soil is, low in fertility it may pay to sow

a larger quantity broadcast, so that the

corn roots may find available fertility as

they reach out into the soil between the

rows. The choice of the method of ap—

plying should be made after a careful

consideration of thcsc factors.



Crops and Grass for Swamp Land.



I have three acres of cat-tail swamp

that l ditched and plowed last fall. I

plowed it 8 inches deep. The soil is muck

with a blue clay bottom; the muck is

from one to two fcct dccp. Now I thot

of putting this ficld into potatoes in the

spring and to oats or barlcy next spring

and secding it. “’hat kind of grass seed

would you advise me to sow, or would

you advise putting some other crop on

this field and seeding this spring the

balance of the fit‘ld in wheat, and I

want to got it sccdcd as quick as I can.

Also, I havc a fertilizer attachment to

my two—horsc corn plantcr and I don’t

seem to gcl any good from the fertilizer.

This planter drops the fertilizer about

three inches from corn. I don’t think

that is closc enough. Can someone with

experience tell me if that is close enough

or not?



Tuscola Co. A. MAYER.



Probably a fair crop of potatoes might

be grown upon this swamp land, altho

swamp lands are deficient in the mineral

elements of plant food and success with

the crop would be more certain it

these were supplied in the. form of a.

commercial fertilizer. However, as the

clay is not very far below the surface

and is more liberally supplied with these

elements of plant fodd, a better crop

could doubtless be grown without the

fertilizer than if the muck were deeper.

In seeding this land a mlxture of alsike

clover, red top and timothy, would give





 





good results ’and"lt”may be sewn with a

grain crop: as suggested. but if you are.

anxious to get it seeded at' once, this

could, be' better accomplished by culti-

vating’the land for a time. and then sow—





ing a liberal quantity of this mixture





without a nurse crop, as’a, thick stand is

necessary for a meadow or pasture upon

this kind of land.



Most fertilizer attachments used on

corn planters distribute the fertilizer on

one side of the hill, but provided a fairly

liberal quantity is used and the ground

is harrowed before the corn comes up so

as to mix it with the soil, fairly good

results may be expected. The writer has

noticed a very marked difference between

the early.growth of the corn to which

a small amount of fertilizer was applied

in this way in comparison with the corn

on which no fertilizer had been used. Of

course, the better one can get the fer-

tilizer distributed about the hill and

mixed with the soil, the better the re-

sults which may be expected, but where

it is within two or three inches of the

corn, good results should follow, particu-

larly in a season when there is plenty

of rainfall to wash the soluble plant nu-

trients in the fertilizer into the soil so as

to bring them in reach of the roots of

the young plant.





A GANG, OR TWO-BOTTOM, PLOW.





 





I am intending to buy ,a gang-plow.

Would like to know thru the columns of

The Farmer, from someone of experience,

if they are a, practical tool. My farm is

divided into fields of 10 and 15 acres

each, 40 and 60 rods long, respectively,

and level. Would also like to know if I

will be as sure of getting a catch of

clover by seeding with cats and peas as

to seed with oats alone. If the oats and

peas are left to ripen, can they be cut

with binder? Ground is sandy loam in

a good state of fertility. It would seem

to me that the pea vines would smother

the young clover.



Montcalm Co. E. S. C.





A two-bottom plow, or sometimes called

a gang plow, is a practical tool on fairly

large sized fields that are comparatively

level and free from stumps and stones.

You can't use one of these plows where

there are large stone, nor where there

are lots of roots. I can spcak from ex-

perience with regard to this kind of a

plow because I have one of them and

have been using the second one now for

several years. Of course, you must

have a man to use it who can drive four

horses abreast and not get them tangled

up, but any good man can do it. They

are just as easily handled as the common

sulky plow. You can turn them around

with just as much case. I consider

them entirely practical.



Seeding with Peas and Cats.



No, you are not as sure of getting a

catch of clover with peas and oats as

you would be with oats alone, because the

pea vines have a dense foliage and are

liable to lodge in some places .and

smother out the clover. It's a little risky

to seed clover with peas and oats. Un-

less the peas and oats are exceedingly

heavy and lodge badly there is no trouble

in harvesting them with a common self

binder. The object of sowing the peas

with the oats is to help hold the peas

up so that you can cut them with a self

binder. Otherwise it would be more ad-

visable. to harvest them with a pea pul-

ler, or pea harvester. If you will sow

about a bushel of oats to the acre with

the peas, and have these oats of a va-

riety which have a stiff Straw, ordinarily

you will have no trouble in having the

oats hold up the peas sufficiently so

that you can harvest them with a binder.

Sometimes our crop is so heavy that it

lodges a little, and we have had to cut

whole fields by carrying the swath; that

is, cut down the side of the field and

turn around and go back and cut down

again.





THE MANURE PROBLEM.





 





Of course, some heaps of cow manure

or other of the colder :manures may be

too much frozen, but the horse and sheep

manures may be hauled almost any time

as they freeze but little.



The winter has been very favorablc fm

the use of the spreader, on account of"

the little snow on the fields. We have

this tool and like it, yet we do not wait

until the ground is in condition to use it

if we have manure to ‘haul. We go at

it with the low down wagon with plat-

form. We have been putting most of

the manure on a timothy sod on low

ground that is rather rough to use the

spreader, and when we are using the

wagon for other things we often haul a

few loads of manure with it rather than

put in an extra horse and get out the

spreader. Much of this manure is hauled





 





f THEMICHIGAN/ F ‘ "





,- ,.- x. "i a . .. .. .. .4. :‘ .¢

from town'andi is light. horse manure

with considerable straw or shredded fad:

der unit. and we Can get a mu‘ch'larger





load of ,thls‘on the platform box, which-





is quite an advantage where the haul is



a half mile or more.‘ " ‘



Calhoun Co. '



COWPEAS USEFUL IN BUILDING UP

SOIL.





S. B. H.





 





 





I find cowpeas a profitable crop'to build

up land to insure a. catch of clover. I

plow early and cultivate to kill the weeds.

Sow the middle of June or a little earlier,

pasture it thru August and September,





sow rye on it in August, 1,3 bu per acre,

and let the cows tramp it in. If the fall

is late there will be some rye pasture in

the fall. .If there is no too much stock

the cowpeas will keep g oMng until frost.

In the spring I let the rye grow until the

first of May, then turn it under, drag at

intervals and sow clover June 1 or a little

before. Had to pasture it in August and

September; took stock off in October and

cut 1% tons to the acre on land that

would hardly grow weeds. Will‘ say I

used about 250 lbs to the acre of a potash

and phosphorus mixture with the cow-

peas. READER.





Are You Wllllngto be Deceived?





Probably when the average man or

wo‘man pays a merchant for a pair of

rubbers or rubber boots, he or she does

it because rubbers or rubber boots are

wanted. But much footwear sold under

the guise of rubber is woefully lacking

in that commodity. There’s a world of

shoddy put into lots of the present day

so-called rubber footwear. Shoddy is a

concocted manufactured mixture. It can-

sists largely of old rubber that has been

worn out and thrown away, to be col-

lected by scavengers who sell it to junk

dealers, who in turn wholesale it and

pass it along until it is finally revulcan-

ized—that is, “warmed over”-—and again

used in the manufacture of what popu-

larly passes as rubber footwear. The

best rubbers and rubber boots are made

from live Para rubber—rubber that has

never been used—rubber that is actually

alive With all the Vim, resiliency and

elasticity that genuine rubber should

have. These are manufacturers of rub-

ber footwear who have won distinction

by producing a class of goods made from

the genuine Para rubber, and people

who are opposed to shoddy imitation,

substituting and counterfeiting on gen»

eral principles should make it a point

to insist upon the standard rubber foot-

wear. Conspicuousiy among the repu-

table manufacturers in this line are The

Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co., of Chi-

cago, and while it may often happen that

a local merchant himself cannot promptly

decide between genuine Pars. rubber and

the most unreliable shoddy, the customer

can make himself safe by referring to the

label—or the maker’s name—on the

goods. Beacon Falls rubber footwear is

standard everywhere and can always

be depended upon for the longest and

most satisfactory service.





Do It Today.





If you have not written for the 1909

Johnston Harvester Company's catalogue

be sure to do it today. It is one of the

nicest, most interesting farm machinery

catalogues of the year: in fact, we might

add—one of the most valuable to the

man who is in need of farm machinery.

A postal card will bring it to your ad-

dress by return mail, and we assure you

you .will find your time and money well

spent. The front cover is a work of art.

Inside, Johnston Farm Implements are

clearly and fully described. The detail of

the important features~the things that

have made Johnston Implements so popular

with the farmers everywhere—are brot

out in such a clear manner that it is

easy to see wherein it is economical and

advisable to buy Johnston machines.

Again, the farmer owes considerable to

this concern as they are the backbone of

the independent manufacturers. Theyhave

stood out against the Trust for the bene-

fit of the farmer, and have built up an

immense business on the basis of high

quality and fair prices. Send today for

their catalogue before you forget it. Be

sure to mention this paper and look up

their advertisement in another column.

Johnston Harvester Co., Batavia, N. Y.





The Stump Puller.





This device is responsible for an enor-

mous saving of work. A little machine

weighing 200 or 300 lbs. is anchored to

a stump. Then a horse is hitched on and

he walks away with stumps that other-

wise would defy his efforts. One man

with this machine will do the work of

ten to twenty men by hand. The machine

we refer to is the perfected stump puller

made by the W. Smith Grubber Co., of

La Crescent, Minn. They are selling

thousands of them to farmers all over

the world. This firm has edited a very

interesting book on stump pullers and

how to use them. They use it in connec»

tion with this business, mailing a copy

of it free to anyone who feels an interest

in that particular work. They send a

copy, also, to farmers who wish to take

advantage of their offer to give 30 days’

free trial of this wonderful machine.



A big book full of information and

value for poultry raisers is the new 1909

catalog just issued by the Des Moines

Incubator Company, Des Molnes, Iowa.

There are so many features of interest

regarding the Successful and Eclipse In-

cubators and Brooders, the Sanitary

Metal Brood Coop and other products

of this company that space does not per-

mit us to speak of them in detail at this

time, but we want to urge our readers

to write, now while the season is early,

for this most interesting poultry book and

catalog.





,..





A





What Science 4.; may «fu- the rum}.





From" the very. dawn Of .msmy; rode:





ords have been handed down 'of the. ex;-

lstence and frequent. ravages of contag-

ious bacterial diseases among domesti-

cated animals. ‘In the remote past. dis-

ease progressed almost without interfer-

ence, because both prevention and treat—

ment were altogether empirical, and

scientific laboratories were unknown:

but with the advent or the latter, and

the establishment of‘ both human and

veterinary medicine on a sound, rational

and scientific basis, the twentieth cen--

tury presents an entirely different story.-

The Federal Government and nearly all

the states of the Union maintain labora-

tories and experiment stations, but the

requirements of these institutions, in

too many instances, have been insufli-

ciently recognized by the “powers that

be,” and as a consequence many import—

ant investigations languish for want of

financial aid, Fortunately, the great

scientific laboratories of Parke, Davis &-

Co., of Detroit, Michigan,‘ are not de-'

pendent upon political preferment. They"

are- maintained by public—spirited men

who are willing to make liberal expendi-

tures in the interest of scientific re-'

search, rendering immeasurable service

to physicians and veterinarians in their

study of the cause and treatment of dis

ease. Pharmacists, chemists, patholo-

g1sts, veterinarians and bacteriologists,

With every means and apparatus at hand

that money can command or ingenuity

devise, here co-operate to clarify and ad-

vance the science of medicine. We may

well say that Parke, Davis ‘& Co. have





-done much to prevent the invasion and

ravages of diseases that caused conster-.





nation among our ancestors.

.____.___





A Successful Rifle.





The influence of the Sportsman’s Show

and the universal interest in President

Roosevelt’s coming hunting expedition to

Africa have brot the hunters of big

game out in force with their trophies of

the forest and hunting field. So far the





advantage seems to lie with Bill Hillis,’





who has filed claims for the bear hunt-.-

ers championship of the great North-





west. -To support his contention he sends‘

in two splendid mounted bear skins of‘





remarkable proportions. One is the skin

of a giant grizzly, shot when its heavy

fur was in its prime. Its claws offer

extraordinary proof of the grizzly’s vic-

ious .flghting equipment. The second

skin is that of a polar bear bagged by

Hllhs in Northern Alaska, and is of

such size that it fills the large Broadway

wmdow of the M. Hartley Company,

where these trophies are displayed. Both

these huge brutes were brot down by a.

.35 Remington auto—loading rifle, one of

the powerful arm-s which have an im-

portant place in President Roosevelt’s

African hunting kit.

w

A New Way to Cure and Prevent Sore

Shoulders. '





The time will soon be here when spring‘





Work will open up with all its vigor.

Our advice is to watch carefully the

necks and shoulders of your work horses.

A few minutes spent at noon-time, and

again at night, bathing the necks and

shoulders with water and sponge, will

prove time well spent. However, to be

absolutely free from this trouble there





has been recently invented a collar padw





that it is said, positively prevents galls

and sore shoulders, and even cures them

when already cau-sed. It is known as

the Ventiplex Collar, made by the Bur-

lington Blanket Co., Burlington, Wiscon-

sin, the makers of the famous Burlington

‘Stay-on" horse blanket. It is certainlv

a case where a few cents proves a most

profitable investment, as well as a hu—

mane act. Elsewhere you will find an

advertisement of this excellent pad in

this issue. Read it and write to the Bur»

hngton Blanket Co., Dept 000, for their

interesting folder.





a

New Style Turnouts.





The new buggy style book of the Ohio

Carriage Mfg. Co., is fresh from the

hands of the pgintcrs. It illustrates the

many new an unusually st Iish ri s,

which President H. C. Phelps 3is offerigng

this year to his “factory-to-home" pat-

rons. This year the Celebrated Sheldon

Genuine French Point Automobile

Springs are used on all Sheldon vehicles

which contributes greatly to their easv

riding. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Com.—

pany sells direct to the purchaser, cut—

ting out Jobber, wholesaler and retail

dealer. It makes a special and liberal

offer of 30 Days’ Free Road Test with

the privilege of returning the buggy in

case of dissatisfaction on any point,

Their split hickory vehicles are guaran-

teed for two years’ time. Our readers

Who are interested in any way in buggies

should certainly send for this handsome

and complete new catalog. It surpasses

anything that this live concern has ever

issued before, and is sent free on the

simple request. H. C. Phelps, Pres. Ohio

Carriage Mfg. Co., Columbus, 0. '





 





 





Why Horses Should Be Clipped.



Just as you throw aside your heavy

overcoat and warm winter clothing in

the early spring in order that you can

work better, your horse should have his

long coat of thick winter hair taken off

If left on, it holds the dirt and sweat.

and thus clogs up the pores of the skin:

and no horse in that condition can be at

his best. The clipped horse dries out

qmckly, gets better rest, and more good

from his food. He comes out refreShed

in the morning and better fit for a good

days work. Hand power machines for

clipping horses are now made extremely

well, and sell at a low price. What is

generally considered to be the best one

on the market is the Stewart No. 1, made





by the Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, , ,

s'





and advertised in another part of th

paper at $7.50. Ask your dealer'toget





one for you, or send to the manufacturers

direct.





 





1- . mome- 1m . . ' ' '





 

   





 





,5...“





 





 





 





 





«~75» d" . ‘





w. '1‘“? W ’





)-
T: inn-:4“?





 





i,

n

i





-the fertility of the land,





   





MARCH 26. 1903. ,'





   





”trHE MICHIGAN FARMER. ‘





Some Lessons from liar ‘Swlss cousins on Utilization of Barnyard Manure.





By P. A.





Altho our farming classes in the north

central states are mainly descended from

British, German and Swiss stock, and

those of our western states from the same

nationalities, with the Scandinavians in

addition, and altho we can recognize

many of our customs and practices among

the customs and practices of our cousins

on the other side of the Atlantic, there

are .other practices in which we have

diverged greatly. One line along which

our practices have diverged very greatly

is that of the measures used to maintain

and especially

that of the full utilization of the barnyard

manure. In practically every country in

Europe in which the American traveler

may tour, one thing which always im-_

presses itself upOn him, if he is inter-

ested in agricultural matters, is the care-

ful utilization of their barnyard manure.

In no European country, however, are

such extreme measures in general use to

avoid losses of manure as in Switzerland,

and a visit to that country by an Ameri-

can farmer is well repaid, if it accomp-

lishes nothing else than to impress upon

him the importance of fully utilizing the

natural manures and of stopping the leaks

in his barnyard thru which his capital

is gradually draining. away. We have

not far to seek to find an explanation

of this great divergence in the practices

in this respect of the American farmers





.the dwelling





Yoder.



farmer will, in the interest of economy,

rule out the commercial fertilizers and

keep up his farm in a high state of pro-

ductivity, by proper cultivation, rotation

of crops and production and utilization

of natural manures on the farm. This

brings rue back to the subject of my pa-

pcr——lcssons to learn from our Swiss

cousins.



In travelling thru the country districts

of Switzerland one’s attention is attracted

to many peculiar and quaint sights, such

as the deep gabled, many-windowed

brown, unpainted swooden houses, the

stables often in the same building with

house, the robust, friendly

looking dairy cattle in the pastures, the

large old apple trees, the extensive vine-

yards, etc. The carefully heaped-upma-

nure pile in each farmer’s front yard

also comes in for its share of attention

from the American traveller. Our genial

writer, ,Mark Twain, thus noticed the

great importance attached to the manure

pile by these farmers of Switzerland and

the adjacent Black Forests in Germany

and was led to make his humorous com-

ments in his “Walks Abroad” about how

a farmer’s wealth there is measured by

the size of his manure pile. There is

probably as much truth as fiction in

Mark Twain's comments about the im-

portance of these manure piles. The

first thing about the manure pile that





 





Loading the Liquid Manure.





and the European. Tho it Was decades

or centuries ago when out-,ariccstors

came from those countries the practices

there were very much as they are now.

Those pioneers quickly lost the habits of

frugality with reference to utilization of

manures when they found Virgin soil

here which was‘so rich that it could not

help producing good crops if given but

half a chance. The pioneer for years

had his energies absorbed in the task of

subduing the wilderness. Prosperity

smiled upon him Without his giving any

attention to the maintenance of the fcr-

tility, and a consequence was that the

next generation never learned these im—

portant lessons which every farmer's son

in Europe would have had drilled into

him from childhood. The store of plant-

food in the virgin soil generally lasted

two or more generations, and when thru

wasteful farming the stock of plant-food

was ultimately so lowered that necessity

drove the farmer to some measures for

restoring the fertility he had forgotten,

or had never learned, the lessons which

centuries of farming had taught his Eu-

ropean ancestors. He had to relearn

them, and so conservative as the farmers

usually are, it requires years for a com-

munity to change its practices. The

farms in some sections became so run

down that something had to be done at

once in order to enable them to raise

paying crops. Fortunately, about that

time, the scientists made important dis-

coveries as to the true nature of the fer-

tility of the soil, and commercial fer-

tilizers were introduced as an immediate

relief. These were so successful where

used, principally in our eastern states,

that their use was continued and the

time still farther retarded when the. farm-

ers should relearn to utilize what is at

their very yard, costing nothing but the

labor of collecting and utilizing. With~

out discouraging the use of commercial

fertilizers we venture, however, to pre-

dict that the time will come when the





attracts the American tr‘th-llcr, aside

from its location in the front yard, is

the care with which it is stacked up. it

it not allowed to be trampled out in thin

layers all over the yard, for it is known

that in these thin layers the loss of plant

food constituents thru fermentation and

leaching is enormous. ’l‘hc hcap, on the

contrary, has its edges stacked up Vt‘l‘v

tical, at least on three sidcs, leavingr pos-

sibly one side. sloping oft? towards the

stable to run up the. wheelbarrow. It is

also trampled compact while it is bcing

built up.



Another feature which affords us the

subject for yet more interesting study

is the. collection and utilization of the

liquid manure, i. c., the. drainage from





the stablcs and from the manure. heap.

’l‘ho our Amcricuu farmers hour and

rcud, over and over, about the large

amount of plant food in the liquid manure





from our stables and the leachings from

our manure, heaps, they pass the matter

by as an unavoidable loss. That it is

not an unavoidable loss is demonstrated

by these Swiss farmers, in that they have

provisions for collecting and utilizing





this on practically every farm on whichl





any prctcntion is made of good manage—

ment. There is a pit or tank undcr part

of the yard, Usually in part under the

manure pile. This is generally cement-

lincd and is located to receive the drain~

age. from the stable and from the manure

pile. A liquid manure tank on a wagon,

for hauling it out to the fields is an im-

plement as regularly found as a plow,

with such a farmer’s equipment. Usually

this is a two—horse outiit with an outlet

pipe in the rear with a flat plate against

the opening of this pipe so arranged that

the liquid is sprinkled uniformlv over a

strip about six feet wide as the wagon

is drawn along. Where the farmer op—

erates on so small a scale that he cannot

afford the, outlay for such an extra wagon

and tank, he probably contents himself

with a barrel and a long handled dipper





(3) 311





 





Dare You Throw Burning Goals





Tm Your 'Roof?





9.2 __





Burning coals thrown on a roof of

Ruberoid harmlessly sputter away—

and die out.



They do not set fire to the Ruberoid.

They do not set fire to the timbers un-

derneath.



Yet a roof of Ruberoid is more than

mere protection against fire.



It is protection against the cold of

winter. Being a perfect non—conductor

of heat, it keeps the warmth of the

house in. .



It is protection against the heat of

summer. It keeps the building cool by

keeping the sun’s heat out





Seventeen Years of Test





 





 





 





' These buildings are the oldest roofed

with any ready roofing. Ruberoid was

by several years the first.





And of more than 300 substitute roof-

ings on sale today, not one can employ

the vital element which makes Ruber-

oid roofing what it is.





This vital element is Ruberoid gum—

made by our own exclusive process.





It is this wonderful Ruberoid gum

which gives Ruberoid roofing the life

and flexibility to withstand seventeen

years of wear where other roofings fray

out in a few summers.





These substitute roofings are made to

resemble only the uncolored Ruberoid.





Ruberoid can also be'had in colors.

It comes in attractive Red, Brown and

Green—suitable for, the finest home.





The color is not painted on. It is a

part of the roofing. It does not wear

off or fade.





Get This Free Book





Before deciding on (my roofing for

any purpose, get our free book which

tells what we have learned in twenty



ears of tests about all kinds of roofing.

his book is frank, fair and impartial.

It tells all about





And it is more. It is wind proof,

rain proof, snow proof. It resists acids,

1 gases and fumes. Because of its great

Lfiexibility, it is proof against contrac-

tion, expansion and the twisting strains

which every roof must bear.





l A roof of Ruberoid is practically a

i one-piece roof.



For with every roll comes the Ru-

berine cement with which you seal

the seams and edges— seal them

!against the weather and against

‘leaks. You will find many roofings

iwhich look like Ruberoid—but none

[which wear like





 





J Ruberoid. shingles, tin, tar,



l For the first ' 1“}? and ready



l buildings ever roo mgS- _



I roofed with Ruber— To get this book.

(TRADEMARK ancisrnmm





address Dept. 45,





Be sure to look for this registered trademark which





 





Joni—more than



seventeen y e a 1' S is stamped fiveryd forgflfetlst on the updtg side of1 111‘]: '1 he Standard Paint

' genuine in em . s a your pro ec on ago. as



I ago are Stlll Wilt- substitutes which many dealers brazenly sell as C9111 p an Y! 100



i erproof and Weath- Ruberoid. Ruberoid is usually sold by but one VV 1 11 1 a m Street,



. dealer inatown. We will tell you the name of your New York.





tight.





THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, Bound Brook, N. J.





Kansas City. 'Bostou, Philadelphia. Atlanta. Memphis. Denver

Montreal, London, Paris, Hamburg





Ruberoid dealer when you send for our free book.





New York. Chicago, '

San Francrsco,





 





 





 





 

 

 





.5





\‘zxiifi‘w 7'“ l « I!” — I

CLU SHOT SHELL

” FOR FUR AND FEATHERS





New Club shells are good. Nitro Clubs

are better. The first are loaded with black

powder and do the work but the second have

smokeless powder, are steel lined and give

much less recoil, noise and smoke. Both

are "game getters” and their boxes bear the

red ball U. M. C. trade mark. Look for it.



Game Laws of (C S. and (”muzzle Fire.





THE UNION BIF'I‘AI.LIC CA IITRIDGE (30..





lmllllllllllullllllllll





Agency, 313 Broadway. New York. N. Y. r , 2 N9

NEW CLUB

BLACK POWDER





ELKHART BUGGIES





are the best made, best grade and easiest

riding buggies on earth for the money.





For Thirty-Six Years





we have been selling direct and are





. The Largest Manufacturers

in the World





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

     





a 6%:-





NrrRO CLUB

WELE$ POWDER





 

 





 





 





 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 





We Ship for Examination

and Approval





guaranteeing safe delivery, and also to save

you money. If you are not satisfied as to ,

style, quality and price you are nothing out.





May We Send You Our Large

Catalogue?



Elkliart Carriage&Harnesstg.Co.



Elkhart, Indiana.





 

 

   

 





 

   





 





 

 





 





,Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you





iare writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
_. , m ' ,1.“ '5; y

_ - - ._ . . “1., . _-' '

b i:-' « _’........: ii.





”Ha—4...





(ii/(“W till. k.





r , '





I



I

r \ l‘ "i t 4 I

2.4:; J

9’54. l





.- a... ~.‘~ -.'--:

’8. ‘ “SE- ‘3





 





° THE MI‘CSHIGAN TFARMER.





‘on- a sledge- puiled bye. horse, ox~ or cow.

From the reservoir in the yard, if the

ground is level, he pumps 'the liquid ma"-

nure to the tank by means of a large,

big~cylindered pump. More frequently,

however, in Switzerland, the stables are

not [built on the level ground but on a

gradual'slope. This slope from the barn-

yard enables the farmer to locate a‘ load-

ing place for the liquid manure fifty to a

hundred feet away from the collecting

reservoir, down the slope of the hill, to

which he leads an outlet pipe from the

bottom of the reservoir, opening high





 





 

 





 





 

 





All Steel RAKE

A Rake that does





a not roll the Hay ‘

In the Windrows.





When buying a steel rake examine '

the rakehead, because the rake-

head bears most of the weight

and strain.

vJohnston rakeheads are of angle

steel, steel trussed—will not sag

or twist.

Weight of Driver assists in operat-

ing rake.

Rake lifts high for dumping.

You want a rake that is strong,

yet light, and simple in construc-

tion. Being made of steel, it pos-

sesses durability and wearing

qualities. Made in several sizes so

you can get just the rake you need

)to give you satisfactory service.

Let us send you our Library—ail

about J ohnstons Farm Tools.





THE *JOHNSTON





HARVESTER C0.

Box 319, Batavia, N. Y.





Y





 





 





 





 

   

 





Your we on won‘t,

mire— pi e on the

load —- soft soil or

send — it's all the





on So“.

Ground ‘ same when you

‘V have the





Empire “Good-Roads”





Steel Wheels



The wide tires. plain or grooved.

have lenty of surface so t ey can't

sink own. Haul 50 per cent more

than with the ordinary wagon. A set

of these wheels for your old wagon

will pay big profits in labortsaving.



ado any size. Will last a lifetime.

Send for Free Wheel and Wagon

Book, “‘Good-Roads‘ Steel

Wheels Make All Roads Good."

Empire Mtg. 00.. Box diloulneyml.





Nitrate oi Soda





llitrate Sold. in Original Bags





NITRATE AGENCIES . CO.





64 Stone Street, New York

Keyser Building, Baltimore. Md.



36 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga.

305 Baronne Street, New Orleans. Ls. ‘

140 Desrborn Street, Chicago. Ill.

Holcomb: & Co., 24 California Street

San Francisco, Cal.



603-4 Oriental Block, Seattle. Wash.





Address Office Nearest Yo!





   

   

 

   





 





   

   

   





 

 





   





 





Orders for All Quantities Promptly

Filled—Write for Quotations





 





 





 





 





MAKE MONEY

for FARMERS





It is 235 to make lumber for

yourscl and neighbors with an

AMERICAN mill. All sizes.

“’ork rapidly with lightpower.

No experience needed. Get

Free Cnuiogue and Low Prices.

Amsrlcsn Saw Mill Mach’y Co.

I 2 0 Hope St.,"sekettslown. NJ.

1569~Terminal Bidg5., New York





 

 





 





 





 





 





“ROCKFORD” Engin





ALI. STYLES FRO" 8 T0 30-H.-P.





Before you contractxor bu a gasoline

engine write for the “R CKFORD”

Proposition and

free catalog. or

Address Dept. 50





leeklord Engine

Works

Reeklerd. llilnol.





 

 





es





 





 





(( Guoflaon" l





 





enough above the driveway so that he





71 ican drive underneath and fill his tank on





;the wagon simply by opening the valve

,at the mouth of the pipe and allowing

* the manure to flow out. Thus the labor

1 of loading and unloading is reduced to a

l minimum.



In its value when placed upon the

land, it is, according to some of the Swiss

farmers, ”equal load for load, to that of

the solid manure. Others placed the esti-

mate somewhat lower, but all agreed that

it is so valuable that it would be out-

rageously wasteful not to use it. What

the actual value is, depends upon its

concentration and composition, which

in turn, depends upon the manner of col-

lecting, the amount of rains draining

into the reservoir and the amount of

leachings from the manure heap. It is

desirable to have some rainwater reach

the liquid manure because the undiluted

product undergoes more of a wasteful

fermentation and there is more loss of

ammonia than with the diluted product

and because, in applying it upon vegeta-

tion on the field, the undiluted liquid

might “burn” the crop. Most of the

readers of this are probably aware that

the constituents in fertilizers which give





_ them value as plant food are principally





nitrogen, phogphates, and potash, because

these are the elements of plant foods

which the soil is most likely to lack in

available form if not supplied by the

farmer. The percentage of these con—

stituents in an average sample of liquid

manure, gathered in a humid region in-

Holland, including drainage and leach-

ings from rains, as well as the drainage

from stables, was found upon analysis

to be 16 per cent of nitrogen, 1 per cent

phosphoric acid and 5 per cent potash.

Computed at the prices ordinarily paid

for these in commercial fertilizers, viz.,

1495c 2. lb. for nitrogen, Be a. 1b. for phos-

phates, and 4179c a lb. for potash, a ton

of this liquid manure should be worth

about 870. Average stable manure with

50 per cent nitrogen, 35 per cent phos—

phoric acid and 50 per cent of potash has

a value, similarly calculated, of $2.32.

The plant food, however, in the liquid

manure is more readily available than

that in solid manure, tending therefore,

to give the liquid manure a relatively

higher value than these figures would in-

dicate. In its use, it is found that the

crops respond very quickly, but its bene-

ficial effects are not as long continued

as those of solid manure. It does not

supply so much humus as solid manure,

and is very low in phosphates. It is in

itself not a complete fertilizer, but there

are many soils that need the nitrogen

‘and potash but not the phosphates.



l Onc farmer whom I interviewed in

3Switzerland makes a practice of adding

'acid phosphates to ‘his liquid manure in

lthe reservoirs, thus making a complete

fertilizer out of it, and also lessening

the losses of nitrogen thru fermentation.



Another farmer manages his stables so

that he collects but little solid manure,

by using but little bedding and washing

out the manure by means of a stream

from the hydrant. By frequently stirring

up the sediment in the reservoirs he

facilitated a liquifying fermentation and

converted it into a liquid thin enough

to haul out and sprinkle over the fields

by means of the wagon-tank.



It does not necessarily follow, from the

fact that it pays the Swiss farmer so

well, that it is also the most profitable

procedure for the American farmer. Ln-

hor in Switzerland is cheaper than with

us. Probably a more important difference

bearing upon this question, is the differ-

ence in the price of straw. In many of

our wheat growing sections the straw

has practically no market value. In

Switzerland they sell straw for an aver-

age of about $9 a ton, h‘ay at the same





 





 





 





 





 





FIX YOUR ROOF time being about $15 a ton. Consequently

{the Swiss dairyman will use a minimum

— A.





-We will guarantee to put

so P" squar.s any old leaky, worn-out.

rusty, tin. iron, steel, paper, felt or shingle roof in



rfecr. condition, and keep it in perfect condition

or 50 per square per year.



I The Pulse! Ioel Preserver. snakes old,



worn—out roofs new. Satisfaction guaranteed



- or money refunded. Our tree reeling book



tells sli- about it. Write for it led: .



lire Anderson Manufacturing cm. llsnt. 30. Elyris. Otis





of straw for bedding. Some use sawdust

or peat for a substitute. With us it in—

volves relatively little expense to provide

enough bedding to absorb a‘ the liquid

manure, provided the stable floors are so

constructed that it will not at once drain

away. It is actually advantageOu-s to





use much straw thus in order to convert

the straw into manure, where the straw

has little commercial value. This is cer-

tainly a better disposition of it than to

burn it as is still done in some of the

western wheat regions. If the straw is

not' available in sufficient quantity, then

I am inclined to think it would pay the





American farmer to follow the example ‘ i





of the Swiss farmers and provide a pit

to save the liquid manure and a tank to

haul it out upon the fields. This, I think,

would also pay, in case the rainfall and

the location of his manure heap are such

that there is a notable drainage of leach-

ings from the manure heap. Under con-

ditions prevailing in the average barn-

yard in the humid. sections of our coun-

try according to careful experiments

that have been conducted, the loss in ma-

nurial value of a. manure heap thru

leaching dUring six months is frequently

as high as 40 to 50 per cent. If to this

be added a loss from fermentation of

about 15 per cent which may take place

if the manure is poorly compacted or

scattered in a thin layer over the yard,

we see that the farmer is losing over

half the value of his manure. With com-

pact stacking in deep heaps, and with

avoiding of loss by leaching either by

shelter from excessive rains or by use of

reservoirs to collect the leachings, two-

thirds or three-fourths of this loss can

readily be avoided. It is especially gross

carelessness in a farmer to allow copious

streams of water from the eaves or thei

eaves-trofs to leach thru the manure pile"

in addition to the rains naturally falling

upon the pile. A very practical arrange—

ment was shown me by a farmer near

Chur, in eastern Switzerland. His barn‘

was built upon' a hillside. 0n the lower

side a, shed roof Was built onto the barn;

to cover the manure heap. The stable:

floor was on the level with this roof and?

the drainage from the stable was con-

ducted onto the top of the manure heap.

Hydrants were provided to sprinkle the

heap with more water if necessary to

support the desirable fermentation and

to prevent the destructive drying out

that sometimes takes place in the inte-

rior of the heaps. In our dry western

states it is also often necessary to

sprinkle water over the manure piles even

if in the open to keep up the proper

fermentation and to produce rich, well

rotted manure. Because of these losses

in storing manure, and the difficulty in

avoiding them, most specialists who have

studied the subject now advocate hauling

the manure from the stable daily direct

to the field if practicable and spreading

it out. Then the leachings get into the

soil where they are wanted.



With all of our machinery and with

our cheap land, we have many advantages

over the European farmer, but in making

the land produce big yields, the Euro-

peans are ahead of us in practice, and





 





 





we can profit by studying their methods

and adopting or adapting such features:

in them as are good for our conditional

Among such features are notably their‘

utilization of barnyard manure, and it

is with these thots in mind that I am

offering to the reader these suggestions

that came to me in a recent brief resi-

dence in Switzerland, hoping that among

the suggestions the practical farmer may

find something to help him to a more

profitable management of his own farm.





LIQUID SMOKE DISCOVERED.



Mr. E. H. Wright, of 643 Broadway,

Kansas City, Mo., has discovered a proc-

ess by which he is able to thoroly smoke-

meat with condensed smoke. The meat

will keep sound and sweet indefinitely,

and will always be free from insects. He

will send a sample bottle free to any one

who will send him their name and ad-

dress with the names of five others Who

smoke meat. Mr. Wright requests that

100 be enclosed to help pay for postage

and packing.





Tests Prove Paris Green the Best.



If more farmers. fruit growers, etc.,

only realized how easy it is to extermi-

nate all destructive insects, there would

be mighty little 1055 from this source.‘

But it's a mistake to think any Paris

green will do. There are a good many

kinds on the market which contain so

much free arsenious acid that they burn

the foliage and otherwise injure the

plant. So, to be safe, see that you get

a well-known, reliable brand. Such as

Herrrnan's Hi-Grude Paris Green. It

has been used the country over with

highly satisfactory results. It is guar-

anteed to be of proper strength and it

will not injure the most tender foliage.

It is guaranteed to conform in every way

to the requirements of the agricultural

colleges of the various states. Nearlyl





 





all dealens sell. it. Or. by writing them.

you can get it of the makers. Morris

Herrmann & Co., 68 William St., NeW‘

York.





 

 





' .You can get

”Ithem and at

age illustrated





   

 





 





Don’t mix: -

this chance





a“

s ’ . . _ .



micrestcd in farming: get our farm pa .

I You can have it one year-absolutely FREE.

This aper will give you some new ideas.

No otfier paper like it. Wewrli also sendyou

three mighty nice booklets which show all kinds

of plows at work rn'_the field There are

plows from many foreign lands, also pictures

of modern walking plows. suikrcs, gangs and

immense Steam cplows that turn forty acres a

day. Get poste . , .-,‘

” Hired Help Costs Big Money a‘

Your land is high priced and hired help

expensive. There is. only one way to make

big money-'use implements that cut down

the cost of your crops. isn't it true that

when you break something on a plow it 3’

nearly always a cast part? Wherever strain

comes on a JOHN DEERE PLOW there you

will find steel—tool steel. Take any plow that

has had hard work for five years, I It along

side of a JOHN DEERE which as been in

service that long-and see the difference,

Then there is no paint to cover up poor

material. You can see the wear and the

defects. The JOHN DEERE will. be solid,

staunch and ready for the hardest job. Then

you begin to know that quality counts.





There is comfort and profit in havinggood

plows. You can take pride in owning a

JOHN DEERE—the standard. plow of

g, the world for two generations.





 

   





   

   

   

   

   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 





 





 





   





 





 

   

   





Package No 9»





Mention the number of the acka then

you Will gét exactly the n t stu ,





DEERE & COMPANY, itourruu.





 





PERFECT POTATO .

i PLANTING





' Every farmer knows the importance

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machine that does it perfectly. Has

none of the faults common with com-

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perfectly, drops the seed





correctly, covers it uni



tormly. and best of all



inever bruises or



punctures t h e P

seed. Bread n ‘ l

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4.





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





HENGH’S m"

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Cultivator at}: ”822':

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Thousandslnnse. M’f'r‘s of all kind :antg’sl}, 1;:-

plements. Agents wanted; write for circular.





The Hench I: Dromgold 00., Mira. York, Pa. ’





 





 





Sti'ckney GasolineEngines‘

ARE THE BEST





Why? Because of the outside lgniter,

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line valve motion and ball-bearing gov-

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Seven sizes: 1% to 16 H.P.



Send for our Free Catalog and

our Catechism tellin fifty-seven

reasons why tic Cy lag,

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Agents everywhere sell them.





,harlesASFticcrlgiRney £93199.“





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— ..~~ ,/
when ‘20, i909.

O

SEEDING T0 GRASS ALONE.





>I have an eight-acre field of quite

heavy clay that has been badly run,

altho it has always grown a good crop.

Had it to beans last year, and have it

well fall plowed and furrowed out. I

intended to put this field to oats and

seed it down this spring. \Vould it be

advisable to sow this field to grass alone

without a nurse crop? Could I expect

any hay at all this year? What kind of

grasses should I sow and how much per

acre?



Saginaw Co. L. C. GARDNER.



You can seed this eight-acre field to a





grass mixture this spring as early as the





' land will do to work and get a crop oi





grass the last of August or first of Sep—

tember. There is no doubt about this.

The amount of grass which the field will

cut per acre will depend largely upon the

fertility of the field and the thoroness

with which you prepare the ground and

get your seed in. Now, as to whether it

would pay you better to seed this alone

to grass, or to sow it to oats and seed

with the oats and wait another, Year be-

fore you get your grass, is a question

that you will have to decide for yourself.



I presume you have read Dr. Beal’s

article on getting a stand of alfalfa,'in a

recent issue of The Farmer. In this he

advised sowing five pounds of alfalfa,

one peek of orchard grass, one peek of

tall meadow oat grass and one peek of

meadow fescue, and two and one—half

pounds of timothy seed per acre. If the

-weeds come up to bother, clip high with

a mowing machine and if later on they

bother again, clip again with a mowing

machine, setting the cutter bar high.

Then, the last of August or first of Sep-

tember, you can get a crop of grass.

Now, if you do not care for alfalfa, you

can substitute the live pounds of alfalfa

seed for five pounds of common red

clover seed, and you would be practically

sure of getting a good seeding and get-

ting a crop of hay late. this summer and

this would make a nice combination for

a permanent pasture later on. If this

land is not in splendid condition and has

not been manured recently, I would ad-

vise putting on a good dose of commer-

cial fertilizer when you sow the grass

seed, say 500 pounds per acre of a good

grain and grass fertilizer. This will give

your grass seed a good start and I be-

lieve will give you enough extra growth

of grass to well pay for the fertilizer. It

you seed to oats and then seed to grass,

it will take you another year to get your

pasture, and the orchard grass and men-

dow fescue and tall meadow oat grass

would not be as apt to make a good stand

as they would if sown alone. It Would

cost you a little something for seed to

do this, but you would probably get a

permanent meadow of great value. It‘

you did not care to try the. experiment

on the whole eight acres, you could take

a portion of it and sow the rest to oats,

in the ordinary way. I believe the ex-

periment would be well worth trying on

a portion of the field at least.



COLON C. LILLIE.





THE GASOLINE ENGINE ON THE

FARM.



Since the introduction of the gasoline

engine for farm power, it has come to

be used for many purposes aside from

the common ones such as pumping water,





 





sawing wood, cutting fodder, grinding

feed, running the cream separator and





other small machinery, spraying the or—

chard, etc. Some of these uses are so

novel and interesting as to be worthy of

special mention.



Quite a number of farmers have ar-

ranged to use. their gasoline engines for

the purpose of operating the hay slings

in the barn, simply belting them to a

drum, provided with a loose pulley and

a brake, upon which the rope is wound

to elevate the load, the brake being ap—

plied to hold the load where desired, and

the loose pulley or idler to engage the

belt when the drum is released to permit

the return of the car. This saves ~ wid-

erable time in unloading hay or grain

and works very satisfactorily at small

cost for installation.



In a similar way the portable gasoline

engine is used to elevate ice into the ice

house when filling same, and for the

mixing of concrete, sifting gravel, etc,

in construction work. They are also used

for elevating grain in modern burns

where grain bins are located over the

stables for convenience in feeding.



Perhaps one of the most novel uses to

which the gasoline engine has been put

on the farm, is reported from Kansas,

where light gasoline engines have been

adeSted to self-binders for the purpose

of operating the mechanism in wet soils

where the driving wheel does not have

sufficient traction to. operate the ma-





 





THE ‘MICHIGAN FARMER. ” m-





chinery as in the ordinary way. Gaso-

line engines have also been used for ele-

vating potatoes from the cellar by large

grewers, operating small machinery

about the farm work shop, etc. In fact.

there are such a multitude of uses for

the gasoline engine about the farm that

it is impossible to mention them all in

one short atrticle,

question that this form of power will

continue to be more popular and be used

for more purposes upon more farms every

year until the farm which is not equipped

with one will be the exception rather

than the rule.





 





CATALOGS RECEIVED.



“Harris’ Seeds” for 1909 are listed in

a new catalog published by JOSeph liar-

ris C0., Moreton Farm, Goldwater, N. ’.

This firm carries a full line of farm,

garden and flower seeds, etc.





 





A rkansas Rice, Its Growth and

Possibilities~ Along the “Cotton Belt

Route," is the title of an interesting





booklet mailed upon request by E. \V.

La Beaume, G. P. & T. A., Cotton Belt

Railway, 1554 Pierce Bldg, St. Louis,

Mo. It tells all about rice cutlure.





but there seems no .





I





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





THE ADMIRAL

IS THE

LATEST

AND

BEST

MOWER





   

   

   

 

 

 





illEsuooEssruL Human





‘ KEEPS UP

TO.DATE





ion Farm Machines





 





 

 





 





, The great advance in farming methods has kept pace with the improve-

ment of farm machines. The most successful farmers have always been

ready to consider new ideas and better machines. Farmers never have

been more progressive than to-day. That is why the Admiral mower has

so quickly established itself in their favor. They recognize the great

value of its features, Chief among which are: Powerful kccn cutting appa-

ratus, easy foot—lift, increased tractive power without corresponding

increase in weight, not forgetting the “ floating frame,” genuine underdraft,

uniform tilt, and all the other features that have made Walter A. Wood

mowers famous wherever grass is grown. If you are going to buy a





 





L. N. Crill Seed Co., of Elk Point, 9.,

D., have published a new “Corn Book”.





for the spring of 1909. This book de-

scribes and illustrates the many varieties

of improved seed corn and other spec-

ialties which this company offers.



Mixing and-Placing Concrete by Hand.

is the title of bulletin No. 20, published

by the Assm-iution of American Portland‘

Cement lVlanni'ucturers, Land Title. Bldg,

Philadelphia. It contains explicit. in-

structions for the correct mixing of con-

crete for different purposes and illustra—

tions showing just how it is done. Every,

farmer should have it. ;



\l'oodbine Nurseries, operated by \V.[

H. Allen 8: Son, (itneva, Ohio, R. F. l.|

3, send a new ('tltlllog describing heir}

shrubs, roses, grape Vines, small l‘ruils,‘





v





etc. on request.



Shumwny‘s Seed (‘zltalog for 1909, sent

upon request, by i? ll. Shumwuy, Rock—

ford. lll.. is a large. prl'dtlsely illustrated

book listing :1. complete line of farm,

garden and llowcr seeds.





Ross liros.’ seeds and agricultural

goods, including it big‘ variety of fnrln‘

and gl'trdc-n supplies, implements, l=tc.,i





:1. new 113 page t::ll:'ilo;:.l

Muss, for a.





are (ll'h‘cl'iln'd in

\\'lite them at \‘l'orcester,

copy.



\Vysong’s seed annual for 1909, sent

out by Adolphus \Vysong, Lebanon, lud.,

describes at line line of field, form :lll'l

garden seeds and other sl'lecinllles.



Henderson‘s implcluent cutuloe; for lfilm,

published by Peter Henderson a: (ilk,

33417 (‘ortlnndt St, New York, is :1 ll?)—

pngc book, illustrnllng and describing the;

big line of farm and garden llllplclllt'lll‘:;,§

tools and :ipplinnoes-manul‘zlcturcd by this‘

well known firm. ,l



The Henry





l’hilipps Seed and imple-,

lllcl’lt (Tin, 115-, l7 Sililll (‘l’lll‘ St” 'l‘olt-dl),

Ohio, has just issued it new Elli—pogo cut-

zilog illustrating :lnd dost-libing its “pio-

neer brund" ot‘ scods. ltulbs and plants,

farm and garden tools and sundries.



“Spray Machinery" is the title

new catalog published by The (‘. ll}.

llrown (.‘o., toclicster, N. Y l'ully do—

scribing um] llnlldsonn-ly illustrating

spraying equipment of all kinds and for

till purposes. . l



A. u. \\'cston & Cm, Bridgman, l\lich.,l

will send. upon l'cquost. their thh :lnnlml‘

(-ntnlofs; and price list of str:u\'lwrr_\', insp—

berry and other small fruit plants, grape

vines, etc.



The “l‘ombinml Catalogs" sent out by

the United Factories ('onlp;m,\', (‘leyeluml.‘

()hio, lists a large line of goods needed‘

upon the farm, such as implements,

fencing, roofing, points, etc., which are

offered to the consumer “at factory

prices.”



ldlkhnrt ("urringo :lnd Harness Mfg.

(“on of l‘ilkllzll'l, Ind.. send upon requwl :1

convenient pocket—size cuttllog‘ of the full

line of goods which is the result of :16

years of development.



(‘nltllpll (lrt'rwing for Profit is the, title

of it little booklet by ll. llill. of llundce,

lll., which contnins interesting informa-

tion touching the cultivation of this de-

scrycdly popular forest tree.



Michigan (‘lover Farms, is the, title of

a lnrge, .‘lS—pz’lgo catalog of Michigan

forms which deserve this title, offered

by S, V. R. llnyes, 711 Ashton Bldg”

Grand Rapids, Mich. A large number of

the farm descriptions in this catalog are





 





accompanied by half-tone illustrations

showing the farm buildings.



Henderson‘s Farmers’ Manual for 1900.1

published by Peter Henderson & (‘o., f:3-*

:lT (‘ortlundt St.. New York, dcscrib'es

Ilvlllltll'StlllYS seeds of gl‘ussofx" t-lovers,

cereals, forage plants, root crops, etc. .



llurpee's :l‘rize Supplement for 1909,

published by \V. Atlee Ilurpeo & ("o,,

Philadelphia, Pm, contains an interesting

record of prizes won with exhibits pro—

duced from the. “best seeds thzlt grow,"

with illustrations of many exhibits.



Stewart horse clipping~ and sheep sheur— .

lug machines, Int'd. by Chicago Flexible

Shaft (70., Chicago. 'lll., are fully dc—

scribed and illustrated in a new fitl—pnge

catalog published by this compzlny.



’l‘he Flunsburgh & Potter Co, send n

1909 catalog and price list of strawberry

plants and other small fruits grown and

for sale by this company. ,



The .Iubils-e Catalog of the. Page, VVoyen 1

Wire Fence Co., of Adrian. i\lich., which

marks the 25th your of this tlrms history

tells all about their well—known fence.



Hill’s 1.009 catalog and planting guidc

published by D. Hill. evergreen specialist.

of Dundee, Ill., describes and illust'rat'esl

by photographic reproductions, a full line,

of trees, shrubs and plants.



Scarff’s Fruits are described in the

1909 catalog issued by \V. N. Scarff. New

Carlisle, Ohio, who has a large line of.

specralties to offer the public.





 





new mower this year, investigate the latcst,——-Thc Admiral. If you don’t

know our nearest dealer, write us for his address, also for catalogue.





WALTER A. WOOD MOWING

AND REAPING MACHINE CO.

BOX 794 HOOSICK FALLS, N. Y.



World’s Oldest and Largest Independent Harvesting Machine Concern

Roller





SUCCESS SPREADE , gem





Free From Cog Gears—Direct Chain Drive—Light Draft-Choice of Every-

body Who Really Knows Manure Spreaders.



Why experiment! The Success is in use at; nearly all Agricultural Colleges and U. 8. Experimental

Farms. It makes you sure of right work and right working. Parts simple—everything direct—free

from breakn e—long lived. Agcneration of experience in its—~11: has been the leader from the first.

Distinguishc features made exclusive through patents.





   

   

   

   

   





 





The 31

Year Old





 

 





 

   

   

   

 

 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





KEMP 8: BURPEE MANUFACTURING CO., SYRACUS

JOHN DEERE PLOW 00., ndianapolis, Indiana, Local Representatives.





THE GEARLESS

Dorsu‘r iii. LOADER





SHATTER snvrs snmtnrn BEAIIS ‘

BEANS - AIIII HAY LEAVES.





Rakes clean and loads without

waste—works as carefully as you

would by hand. The raking

stroke is the same as by hand

close and parallel to the ground

not with the Jerky stroke of other load-

ers, but with a. long, slower stroke that

rakes clean, without threshing and

breaking. The few beans or leaves that

are threshed out are caught by solid

floors and loaded just the same. Rakes

clean from swath or windrow. Easi-

est running, easiest to operate and

most durable because it has fewer

parts. Saves the man, spares the

horse, and the saving of shattered

beans or lost bay leaves pays for load-

er in short time.





No DRUMS, SHAFTS:

Write for catalogue and name of "£88, GEARS, SPRINGS.

nearest dealer today.





LA caossn HAY TOOL—00.,406 Vine St.,0ttumwa, I...





 





 





 

 

   





   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





EVERYONE contemplating building or repairing should get a sample of crude Asbestos—

_theflrcprooj, zmlestructzblc mmeral used exclusively by us in the manufacture of ready

roofing. Our Booklet explains why





J -M ASBESTOS ROOFING





is cheaperthan tin, shingle and slate roofs and more economical than an other read I-

ing—wily it resists fire, rot, rust and wear and why it requires no coating )or painting.y too

J-M ROOFING is ideal for farm stock and poultry buildings because it ke

. . . ' . e s on

cold in Winter and the heat in summer, and has always an attractive, white agpearitii‘:

Without painting. Write for Book No. 69 and Samplel.





e Office, 100 William Street, New York.





II. VI. JOHNS-MAIIVILLE 00., Hem” Jefferson Ave-.Detroit, Mich.





965
r

l





‘.o- ‘v'rc: .





 





 





 





3121' *-. (its

THE’ RQUNDeUP menu-Uta.





 





p;-





(centinued from last week).



. -Thursday Evening Session.

‘ In the absénce of Hon. Peter F. Dodds.

of Mt. Pleasant, who had been named as,

chairman for the evening, Mr. C. A.

Tyler, of Coldwater, presided. The ses-

sion opened with music by the local M.

E. Sunday School orchestra, after which-

Mr. Douglas Kennedy, of Mt. Pleasant,

spoke briefly on the topic, “The Ideal

Farm Home.” He recounted the numer-

ous conveniences and improvements

which have come to the farm homes 01-

the state in recent years but declared

that these alone are not sufficient to

convert the farm residence into an ideal



'home. The Country Life Commission,

in endeavoring to get at the true con-

dition of American farm homes, ,very

properly took into account, in addition to

the physical condition of buildings and

surroundings, those conditions and ad-

vantages which have to do with the

creation and development of the true

home spirit. The ideal farm home, in his

opinion, is one .in which every member

of the household feels a responsible in-

terest, one in which the real advantages

of rural life, both from a business and a

health and pleasure standpoint, are fully

understood and appreciated, a home

which the young people leave behind with

regret and to which their minds ever

revert with a keen sense of pleasure and

reverence.

“Household Sanitation"

was handled in an interesting way by

Dr. C. E. Marshall. He dealt mainly with

the conditions which favor the develop-

ment and spread of two much dreaded

diseases—typhoid fever and tuberculosis.

Carelessness or ignorance regarding the

house water supply, together with lack

of proper drainage, are largely responsible

for the former. Wells s0 located that

they act as receptacles for surface water

or for seepage from nearby cesspools or

manure heaps are positively dangerous.

To maintain a safe water supply it is

necessary that the well be deep, that it

be properly walled and covered, and the

ground about it so graded up that sur-

face water will quickly drain away. Then

the refuse water and slops from the house

must not be allowed to form a cesspool

either near the well or in the vicinity of

the house, since such places are simply

breeding grounds for many kinds of dan-

gerous germs. The best way to keep the

premises clear of such places is to provide

ample drainage for refuse water thru a

sewer or tile drain fitted with a good

catch—basin, which latter ‘must be emp-

tied frequently.



Pure air and sunlight are the most

effective weapons known for fighting tu-

berculosis, and they have the merit of

being inexpensive. A little headwork in

devising means of getting an abundance

of sunlight into the living rooms and in

supplying proper ventilation will work

wonders in warding off doctors‘ bills.

Thoro renovation of sick-rooms after oc-

cupancy was advised. Papered walls. cs-

pccially where the papering has been

repeated a number of times without 7‘:-

moving the old paper, are splendid har-

bors of dirt and germs. Cleaning such

walls rthoroly and then tinting them will

render the rooms more healthful. The

employment of every means at hand for

preventing the accumulation of dirt, and

the devising of means for removing it

without causing dust to permeate every

nook and corner were mentioned as little

things which tend to better the condi-

tions in the home and consequently affect

the health of the family.



A bass solo by Prof. Milton Cook, and

several clever readings by Mr. Francis

Russell, which were introduced at this

point, were received as especially en-

joyable features of a splendid evening

program.



“Progress of Road Building,” by Hon.

H. S. Earle, State Highway Commis-

sioner, came next, the topic being ad-

vanced in the program to allow Mr. Earle

to catch a train. In a short talk, and by

the aid of the stereopticon, he succeeded

in giving a very clear idea of'thc present

situation so far as state reward road

building is concerned in this state. Con-

siderable progress has been made, 176

miles having been built in 1908, cemm

pared with 88 miles in 1907, and yet

Michigan is behind other states in this

respect, New Jersey having already

built 1,380 miles of state aid roads: Mas-

sachusetts has 760 miles, Connecticut 600

miles, and New York 1,700 miles. New

York has recently bonded for $50,000,000,

the proceeds to be used in road building,

and has changed its road law so that the

state will pay the entire cost of building





3,220. nulesot,1§runk‘ .une roads and 5.0

. per cent of the coSt of county roads. It}





43:1!) ‘.'





allé'"~Miohigan has 3-26 miles of state

reward road, built at a total cost' of

$360,000. He maintained, however, that

Michigan has the ideal road -systém,

which comprises the state reward road

law, the cash tax law for ordinary roads

and the county road system for the

leading road-s. There are now 26 counties

operating under this system and 30 coun-

ties will vote on its adoption in April.



After a vocal selection by a local male

quartet, Dr. J. L. Snyder, president of

Michigan Agricultural .College, was in-

troduced, his topic being



“Agriculture and Democracy."



Alt'ho the hour was late Dr. Snyder

held the attention of the big audience

thruout his most interesting talk. Ad-

dressing himself to the magnitude of the

agricultural industry in this country, he

quoted a lot of figures from the annual

reports. The big crop in this country,

of course, is corn, we producing 79 per

cent of the world’s supply, and 71 per

cent of the cotton crop of the world.

This great industry makes the country

self-sustaining and renders the cities de—

pendent upon the farmer. That it has

a great effect upon the financial condi—

tion of the country was shown a little

more than a year ago when we had all

the conditions favorable to a general

panic, with one exception—the farmers

of the country had big crops which en-

abled us to 'bring gold from Europe in

great quantities, for which we paid in

grain. It is also the one great industry

that can be carried on without depleting

our resources. Iron and other Ininerals,

and such products as coal and gas, when

removed from the earth cannot be re-

placed.



This industry has also had much to do

with developing true democracy in this

country where meritwins and the poor

boy has a chance such as is not afforded

him in any other country. The develop-

ment of agriculture has furnished homes

to millions and postponed congestion in

the cities. It has been the means of fur-

nishing ample food supplies, and the fact

that the working man has had plenty to

eat has kept him moderate in his de-

mands.



Lookingto the future, Dr. Snyder esti-

mated that in fifty years this country

will have a population of 200,000,000. In

order to maintain the satisfactory con-

ditions above described, it will be neces-

sary for agriculture to increase its pro-

duction, for clearly, if production falls

behind population, some will have to

live on cheaper food and when that time

comes he believes that the population of

the country will segregate into classes

and our boasted democracy will be tried

out as never before. During the past

fifty years the increase in our area of

cultivated land has been very large, but

this cannot continue. The tremendous

areas in the west and south, which were

so inviting a decade or two ago, are rap-

idly being converted into farms. The

average yield of crops is also decreasing,

largely because the hand of greed is rob-

bing the soil, and as an instance of this

so stair-d that while 1906 was a great

corn year, the average yield per acre

10: that year was less than for the year

3872.



He lncld that the great problem, then,

is to conserve the resources of our soil

and to adopt such methods of intelligent,

intensive culture as will enable the farm-

ers of the country to meet the demands

of our rapidly inertia/Sing population. It

is a problem which does not concern the

farmer alone, because the farmer is near-

est the source of supply, consequently

will suffer least should the crash come.



In speculating on the ability of the

American farmer to meet this demand,

he believes the Outlook to be good, and

cited as reasons therefor that land is

annually becoming more valuable, thus

tending to decrease the size of farms,

and encouraging more intensive methods

of culture; also that the time is nearly

past when the farmers of this country

will be obliged to meet the competition

of newer and cheaper lands.



Friday Morm‘ng Session.



Friday had been designated live stock

day and the morning Session opened with

Prof. R. S. Shaw, of the Agricultural

College, in the chair. After prayer by

Rev. D. J. Feather, of Mt. Pleasant, Mr.

C. S. Bartlett, of Pontiac, took up “The

Care of the Swine Herd,” a topic which

had been assigned to Mr. Davis, of Indi-





ana. Hogs on Michigan farms, he de-

clared, should receive better care than

they do, as they respond to intelligent





handling as well as any other stock. He

believes in devoting a considerable area.





 

 





 





to-the swine quarters = and does not favor

the use of_ a permanent hog house, unless

it be for fattening animals. Then he

went on to .describe the kind of individual

movable hog house which he uses. He

makes this house 8 ft. square,,placing

it upon two skids. The sides are also

8 ft. square, set at such an angle as to

nearly come together at the top. Over

this opening at the top is placed a. V-

shaped trof in an inverted position and

set several inches above the opening to

allow for ventilation. The floor ismade

of matched lumber and the sides of the

Same. The sides and ends are double

walled, with building paper between.

There is a window at each end, so hinged

as to swing upward. In the front end

is a large and also a small door. He uses

these houses for brood sOWs, and in very

cold weather he hangs 'a lantern in each

house. At farrowing time, especially if

the litter is a very valuable one, he places

the pigs in a barrel of straw containing

a. jug of hot water. ‘



Regarding the feed of the sow before

farrowing time, he stated that he uses

milk, mlddllngs and clover or alfalfa hay,

chopped up. The sow also likes wheat

straw, and he declared that he has seen

them eat timothy hay with relish. After

farrowing he gives nothing but water

for from 24 to 48 hours. This is prefer-

able to slop, as the latter will almost

surely make the animal feverish. After

a few days she is put back on full feed.

The pigs need nitrogenous food for the

first five or six months. A slop of milk

and middlings answers very well. If fed

corn at an early age they will become too

fat. It is especially important that this

fattening tendency be guarded against

in growing stock for breeding purposes.

Have a good~sized lot for the sow and

pigs and place the movable house at the

farther end of the lot, thus necessitating

exercise .in coming to their feed. This

should be a. clover lot, altho one growing

rye or June grass is acceptable. Later

on there should be a patch of Can-

ada field peas which the pigs can be

turned into after weaning. The peas

may be turned into when about right

for the table. ‘



At this stage he advises the use of

barley in making the slop, stating that

he intends growing 50 acres of barley for

his hogs the coming season. He feeds

barley until about a month before'fln-

ishing them off. when he gives them all

the corn they will eat.



In answer to a question Mr. Bartlett

said that he warms the drinking water

in cold weather. When asked about

cooking food for hogs, he stated that it

is possible to make them look very fine

by feeding cooked food. but it has been

his experience that they “go back" more

easily. -



In answer to other queries, he advised

the growing of two litters a year or

three litters in two years; also said that

it is possible to raise pigs by hand altho

rather difficult. In regard to breed he

said he likes the breed that will consume

the most clover, and that a short, chuffy

animal is not a good pasturer.



Mr. I. N. Cowdrey said that in a mov-

able hog house he likes the floor detach-

able. He also prefers to hang the door

on a gudgeon a little above the middle,

so that it almost balances. There is then

less danger of the pigs being hurt by it

than where it is hinged at the top. Mr.

W. F. Raven said a few words for the

individual hog house, but likes a central

house for fattening. Mr.





yards are excellent things to rob a farm

of fertility. He prefers a permanent

house with cement floor which enables

him to save all the manure. The interest

in this topic was strong but the discus-

sion was cut short because of lack 01

time.



A vocal solo by Miss Christine Thiers

was enjoyed at this point and the lady

responded to the encore.



“Our Present Knowledge of Hog Cholera

and Methods for its Prevention"

was the next subject and one in which

there is remarkable interest at present.

Dr. C. E. Marshall, who has been giving

the matter unusual attention, told the

audience, in a brief, concise way, prac-

tically all that isknown at present re-

garding this disease. Veterinarians have

been much at sea regarding it but Dr.

Marshall believes that the vaccination

treatment which has recently come to the

front will ultimately prove a sure and

effective remedy. He described this

treatment somewhat minutely, and also

the symptoms of cholera. but we will

not take space to give the details here

as they have been fully covered in arti-

cles from Dr. Marshall which have ap-





Coleman, of

Gratiot C0., declared that permanent hog‘





 





 





 





 





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UNATID VICTORIA‘S co. DO... Aa:.°hVOAIId. o-

‘ r/‘sf . ‘ 'sx '
MARCH 13. 1909.





peered in The Farmer during ‘recent

months. ' - -



In answer to a question as to the best

preventive, he declared that the only

thing he could suggest was vaccination.

When asked about the disinfection of

swine quarters, he .advised the use of

chloride of lime upon floors. Where a

spray is desired he recommended corro—

sive sublimate,



“Requisites for Success with POuItry"

was the next topic, responded to by Prof.

J. G. Halpin, in charge of the Poultry

Department at M. A. C. He chose to

enumerate the mistakes of poultry raisers

and among the thing-s which farmers

practice, but which they should not, he

mentioned the introduction of varieties

which are entirely new and untried in

the neighborhood. In mOSt cases a good

price is paid for the stock and the owner

feels, therefore, that it is necessary to

save every fowl, good, bad and indiffen

ent, in order to build up the flock quickly,

and this is very bad practice. This also

means inbreeding, which is dangerous,

and in this connection he mentioned the

fact that the inbreeding of turkeys is

believed to be the cause of the disas—

trous losses from blackhead which have

occurred in recent seasons, especially in

the east. The second year the owner

becomes careless about keeping his new

variety separted from his common stock

and the entire lot become mongrelized.

The much prized variety .is put down as

of no value and has thus suffered a set-

back in that community.



_It is also a mistake to neglect the

selection of laying stock, as it is an in-

disputable fact that strains of layers

have been built up which produced four

times as many eggs as other strains in

the breed. He advised selecting laying

flocks in the fall, under no circumstances

selling the best pullets. In selecting a

breeding cockcrel he said stamina, or

even fighting quality, might be profitably

censidered, as it is the vigorous, active

male that proves most satisfactory. In

regard to vermin, he reminded his hear-

ers that lice breed at the rate of 23,000

a. week, and with this fact in mind it is

a safe plan to dust sitting hens every

three or four days.



Another bad practice is 'to neglect the

chickens at roosting time during the

summer, allowing the broods to become

mixed and a large proportion of them to

pile up in one or two coops. This pro-

duces conditions which will breed (lis-

ease before the summer is over. Another

thing which should not be done is to feed

from the house, as it keeps the chickens

hanging around and becoming a nui-

sance. In the fall the permanent house

should be thoroly cleaned and the floor

covered with gravel and deep litter.

Leave the 'windows open at first as the

young fowls have been accustomed to

sleeping in the open air and therefore

it is easily possible to have the house too

close. As the, nights grow colder draughts

must be guarded against. If the house

is a long one do not open a window at

each end. The north, cast and west sides

of the house should be wind-proof and

water—proof.



1n feeding for egg production he finds

clover and alfalfa chaff the best grecn





food; beets, cabbage and good cn—

silagc are also very desirable. Ya-





riety may be given by introducting sun-

fiowcr seed, millet and the rakings from

stubble fields. At the college during the,

past winter he fcd corn and wheat as a

grain ration, giving a dry mash at noon.

At night whole grain was given in straw,

enough to have them get all they could

eat and still have some left to get them

up early in the morning. Prof. llalpin

believes that it is very essential that the

born: be gotten to work early and finds

this an effective way. Opening the house

early is also essential as the invigorating

air induces exercise. If in the habit of

receiving a warm mash in the morning

the hens will invariably wait for it and

then remain idle until hungry again.



In answer to an inquiry he stated that

he feeds young ducks a ration of two

parts corn meal to one part bran, with a

little sand mixed in, also giving plenty of

green food.



Mr. Gilbert, of Arenac C0,, declared

that he had stopped the spread of black-

head in his flock of turkeys by the use

of turpentine. Mr. Halpin admitted that

this is believed to be a remedy but held

that it is better to prevent the disease

by keeping the *turkeys strong and vig-

orous. He said that he would not confine

them but allow them to sleep in the

trees the year around. '



'7.When asked about the space required

for a flock of 100 hens, he stated that

4 sq.‘ ft. should be allowed each hen, thus





I margin





   





requiring a. house 20x20 feet. He wast

asked the cause of egg eating and said

it is started by hens breaking their eggs

because of not having a fit place to lay;

that feather eating comes from lack of

meat in the ration, or from lack of

exercise; also that it is sometimes in-

duced by the fowl getting hold of fresh

feathers from a slaughtered fowl. Fea—

ther pulling is also sometimes induced

by the irritation caused by lice.

Friday Afternoon Session.



The attendance kept up remarkably

well, the opera house being comfortably

filled when Chairman E. R. VValdron

called this session' to order. After an

instrumental solo by Miss Lowden, a

good talk was given by Mr. Peter Voor-

heis, of Pontiac, on “The handling and

marketing of wool,” this topic having

been substituted for the sheep topic which

had been assigned to Mr. Schlichter.

Space will not be given to the many good

points brot out since they were fully

covered in an article by Mr. Voorheis in

a recent issue ofThe Farmer.



Prof. R. S. Shaw followed, his topic

being ' '



“Beef Cattle and their Profitable

Feeding.”



At the present time, he said, there

is a difference of opinion as to whether

beef can be produced in this state at a

of profit and it is unfortunate

for the welfare of the general agriculture





 





I





THE MICHIGAN FARM ER





 





of the state that so many radical state-

ments‘are being given out adverse to

beef production. Many of these state-

ments cannot be supported by facts or

figures.



It is

that the pendulum is constantly swinging

too far, first. to one extreme, and then to

another. A strong stimulus has recently

been applied in the development of the

dairy industry and a careful study of

the situation would Seem to indicate that

dairying will largely predominate in





Michigan, but not to the total exclusion

of beef production. There is no bctter





business than dairying for the poor man

with a poor farm, for it returns the

maximum of fertility to the soil from

crops grown and fed on the farm, but

it is not true that every cattle owner

in Michigan can succeed in dairying for

there will always be some with a pcrsonal

preference for beef production in addi-

tion to these, surroundcd by conditions

practically demanding this line of work.



Michigan possesses the best natural

and artiticial conditions for successful

beef production.

state can produce corn in

and, alongside the corn field,

be produced successfully to

anciug the corn ration.

conditions are cxtrcmcly





abundance,

clovcr can

aid in bul—

liur climatic

favorable, and





the best markets of the country are

within easy access.

Michigan beef producers have been





pinched keenly by the competition of the

west, but Western competition appears to





have. reached the crest of the, wave and

is about to rccedc. Packing houses are

being established on the wcstci'u coast





and some of the product of thc wcst is





already being divcrtcd into thcso chun—

ncl-s, The, great rangcs dcvotod solely

heretofore to meat production are being

rapidly converted into farms which will

linvc (li\'c1’silicd intm‘cslsfi



Producers of pure-bred bctf breeding

stock are not meeting with the support

and cncouragcmont that is desired, but

thcsc conditions are likcly to improve,





as the time is not for distant. when Mich-

igan will have to brccd her own feeders.





The state at present. is not possessed

of a profitable class of feeder cattle.

’l‘hcy are too mixcd in their breeding,





thereby lacking the uniformity and qual—

ity so necessary in good market animals.



There are three lilt'iIIOtlS of beef pro-

(lilct‘on which present themselves 1'01





consideration: First, there is 'the plan

followed by many who procure western





feeders in the fall and finish them during

the winter for shipment in spring or

early summer. This seems to have been

a successful and remunerativc. system and

its continuance will depend upon the

possibility of procuring Western feeders.

Second, in some instances beef type cattle

are permitted to rear their own calves

which, after weaning, are grown and





unfortunate for our agriculturei





 





A large portion of tilt“





 





.y

4 ,»





 





 





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FENCE AT PANIC PRICES





 





 





 





fattened for beef. This plan cannot

prove profitable except where cattle are

run on large areas of cheap grazing land,

because in the case of the small Mich-

igan farm more revenue must be derived

from a cow at the end of tWelve months

than a $25 feeder. '



The third method, the one adapted to

beef production on the small farm, con-

sists in the use of breeding females



(Continued on page 335).





6





 





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ANOTHER VIEW ON THE ABUSE OF

SHEEP. ,





 





In the Michigan Farmer of March 6,





I see. an article from M. A. Dunning,

on "Abusing the Sheep," which I would

like to reply to. I have handled sheep-

for fifty years. Until within perhaps

twenty years the custom was to wash





and shear sheep the last of May .or first '





of June, and if Sheep were ever abused

I think it was then. From forty to

sixty days they suffered with heat from

carrying their heavy fleeces, in the warm

spring weather, while after shearing they

suffered still more from the sun beating

upon their, defenseless bodies, and this

besides what they and the lambs suf-t

fered from ticks before the wool was

taken off. When shorn early, there is a,

nice coat of wool from 1,4 to $5 of an inch;

long to protect them from the sun's

rays, before they are turned out perma-I

nentiy to pasture. The advantages of

early shearing are many. The work is

out of the way before the spring work

comes on; it saves tagging, gives about

one—third more room in the barn, and

the lambs have a much better chance

to nurse.



For about seventeen years I have

sheared my sheep as near the 20th of

March as I could, which is about seven

or eight days before the lambs begin to

come. In that time there have been only

three or four years when the Sheep

would huddle up in close bunches. They

nearly always lie singly, as much as





 





 





W 20. 1909. ..





\\





Ship to Any «of Our

Nine Houses—Let Us

Tell You When and

Where Prices are Best





1BEFORE you ship your live steel: let

' us send you the latest information





‘ regarding prices, prospects, etc.,witliout any

obligation on your part. . ' . '



‘ We have ‘our own hoUses at all of the nine

leading market centers. Therefore we are in position

to advise you where we believe your stock Will bring

you the most money.





Live Stock





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





If you expect to ship one

or more car-loads of cattle.





 





before shearing.



My lambs are ready to sell, or at

least to wean, early; and my sheep come

to the barn fat enough for mutton. It

is impossible to adjust the cover on the

sheep as on the human being. We can

lay off one cover after another, or put,

them on, to suit our feelings, but the

sheep must lose it all at once, and will

surely suffer very much more with heat

and ticks for a period of two months or

more, than with cold for a few days. _



I could not be induced to return to the

old way of late shearing, for I am surel‘

it would be very much more abuse thanl

early shearing.





Van Buren Co. E. OsnonN.





HOW 'rd HANDLE THE VEAL CALF

AND ITS DAM.





 





I read the question of F. H. Hurter

in your issue of March 6, about letting

the calf suck the cow while fattening

it for veal; also Mr. Lillie’s reply to.

same. Altho Mr. Lillie is a large dairy-1

man and has had vast experience along,

these lines, still I beg to differ with him

and Claim it is not allowing the calf to

suck that causes the trouble he men-

tioned, but the \Vily the cow and calf

are handled, and as proof will give my

way, which I have followed for three

years and have never had a failure. I

allow the cow and calf to be together

until the milk is good. but at the regular

milking time I am on hand flilll strip the

COW dry. About the fourth or fifth day

I return the cow to her regular stall,

leaving the calf by itself. At milking

tilne I take the calf to the cow allowing

it to such: all it will, then I strip the

cow dry, leaving the calf by lll'l‘ until

I have finished. I continue this until the

calf is sold, usually :it five weeks old.

In this way the cow becomes accus-





tomed to both the calf and the milkcr at

the same time, and when the time comes

to sell the calf I never have the least





trouble with my cows. In fact, it seems

a relief to them when the calves are

gone, as they get pretty rough at that

age.



Gratiot Co. B. F. CLINE.





FATTENING VEAL CALVES.





 





F. H. Hartcr, of Berrien Co., in the

issue of March 6, wishes the best method

of fattening calves, and as I presume he





would like mm-e than one opinion will i this package to be ogouégesamc composition asthc FOR No. 133D and enclose $50.00 for a 50-





give mine. In preference to milking the;

cow and feeding the calf, if the cow is;

a good milker, I let the calf, for first

week, suck one teat, or that amount;

the next week two teats, the third week

three, and thereafter all it wants. I‘

see that the calf is taken away as soon

as it gets the proper amount of milk,

and immediately finish milking. Keeping

the calf away from the cow except when

sucking, nearly weans the cow from it,

and when the calf is sold the cow only}

thinks of it a short time. .. l

Kalamazoo Co. 0. M. HALE.





 





—To Small Shippers —To Large Shippers





hogs or sheep. or if you





It is especially safe and satisfactory

for small feeders, who may ship only a

car or two a year, to consign to any one

of our nine houses. We give most care-

ful attention to live stock consignments

from farmers.



We appreciate how much even one

small shipment means to the average

farmer, and our expert salesmen give

small lots just as careful attention as

they do large ones.



We have received thousands of letters

from farmers thanking us for the careful

attention we have given their small ship-

ments and good prices we got for them.





Our extensive organization and splen-

did facilities, coupled with skill, expe-

rience and conscientious eifort,make our

live stock commission service,we believe,

as nearly perfect as can be attained.



No shipment is too large for our facil-

idea. We have the salesmen and the

hel ers in all departments,so that prompt

and) careful attention is assured all

consignments.



Experienced yardmen attend to pen-

ning, feeding and watering the stock,

and many a shipper has told us that his

shrink was never so small as when we

handled his consignments.





expect to buyfeeding stock

of any klnd,within the next

six months, at any of the

nine markets named be-

low, fill out and mail us

the coupon. and we will

send you FREE. for a

period of six months (and

anger if you need it) our

LIVE STOCK REPORT.

This is a 12-page illustrat-

ed market. live stock and

farm paper, ublished

weekly by Clay. obinson _

& Co. It is issued from

our Chicago ofiice, but

contains reports and quo-

tations from each of the

nine markets where we

have. houses. besides in-

teresting pictures and





much matter of great

value to farmers. feeders

and shippers.



Cut out and mail us this

coupon, or write us a letter





that in addition to sellin our consignments of fat stock for you at



Remember highest possible prices, geyare in a position to render you most valu-

able service in the purchasing of such cattle or sheep as you may want for feeding or

grazing. Send us your orders for stocker or feeder cattle or sheep and we will fill them



in a way to please you. It stands to reason that with our facilities and experience we or FNM- Addresses“

can buy for you to better advantage than you can buy for yourself. Write us your whatever market you ex-



' ,wants in this line. \ pea to ‘5? to, or if u-

dealed' edit-enouChicqe'





' office), Clay,

” Robinson & Co.





on ........................ ..





Don’t ship your next carload of Live Stock until you have

written as at your nearest market (see below) for our free

advice as to when and where to ship for best prices.





Clay, Robinson & C0» , ,.





I

LIVE STOCK COMMISSION ,I ..............................





” ngpgRrrrIi‘e (druid): yourkwieclély‘ LtI‘VE STOCK

South Omaha Kansas City an 0 er mar e in orma .on.M.F.)

3 Denver Sioux City South St. Joseph





. South SLPaul East Buffalo East St. Louis





’ I expect to ship. ....carload. . of

’ ...................... about ...... 1909.





Chicago

’ _ Name





I





’ PostOffice....................





--.-noo¢..-. ..................





R. F. D. No ......... State ..... a»,





Western Canada the Pennant Winner





CIeSOlDlD a “T he lstfieiiisit’





BEST lllll GIIEIPEST SHEEP DIP II THE mm W ..... ‘°’“ °'





heat-Growing Land FREE

and an additional 1 60 acre.

. . at only $3.00 an acre. _

. Permitted by the government in all Official Dippings for Sheep Scab ”geisfimiugcfii‘eiinfieflf'm

' . Figure t out or yourself. One gallon of Centur Cresol Di mak

102 gallons of dipping fluid, offlc1al strength for sheep scab. One barrel {makes 5,100pgallon8s:l : ' "95hr“ canada

The actualdipping fluid costs less than 1 cent per gallon, and it is the price of the dipping ! ‘ give the best evidence of the!!! ri-

fluid that interests you. Century Cresol Dip we. highly. concentrated, beautiful, clear, amber l ‘ p9

colored fluidz sparkling and brilliant. Mixes instantly With water, filling your vat with a. soapy :

fluid that quickly penetrates the fleece, softening the skin and any scabs that may be. Con-





ority of that country. They are be-

coming rich, growing from 25 to

tains no rosin, no coal tar, no caustic soda; just pure linseed oil and cresol saponified with ,

own proceSS.





' " ‘ 50 bushels wheat to the acre,



60 to 110 bushels oath and 45 to 00

0111‘ .

‘ THIS GUARANTEE IS ON EVERY PACKAGE . The paying in cost of dipping in Century offi- :

’ “A sum e of this roduct has been submitted cull flu1dis tremendous. Remember, itishighly l





 

 





 

 





 





trying Is an important in new.



The crop of 1908 still keeps Western Condo

in the lead. The world will soon look to it u

it! food-producer.



‘ The thing which most impressed us we:

the magnitude of the country that in avail-bile

for agricultural purpoees."—Nahom.l‘ Editor

ial Correspondence. 1908.



Railway Betas, good ochoola and

churches, markets convenient. prices the

highest, climate perfect. Land- m for III.

by Railway and Lend Companion. Due in

pamphlets and maps cent free. 301 II 3.!

Beta and other information apply to Eng 1’.

‘ of Immigration. Ottawa. Cane a.



or to fie motherland Canadian Government ‘31:.





» n. v. M In ' Ave. Theatre Block.

. .' Detroithfilioligs’ A. Leurier. Mer-

._ cum. ioh.





bushels barley, lie-idol having splendid

herds ofcnttle raised on the prairie great.

to the Un ted States epartment of Agriculture concentrated. Don’t pay freight on gas house i

for examination. We guarantee the contents of tar, water and other useless Ingredients. ASK





sample submitted Department, and that. .



gghergo dilptedt l211cc<t)r(ii'i‘ig totthe drilrectionsbpii'ln:fleilil gill 5281;011:3311. :ifigfi'?nil3; a 5 gallon can, or

e nor ereamenosee sea ‘ '



give a dip ing fluid or the composition r ulred Address all orders to





of a creso dl by the regulations of the are mm

.. .. mi... . .. " SEARS ROEBUCK

. ”y H “mm W” 7 . CHICAGO:





“IE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF ’





GET 'T Hilfiger‘aeuw

'“""”'°"'"“”""‘"”" WELL DRILLING



[Save You

GALLOWAY $28-75 mncmuenv imam r: . fl

Ins R for ovrleli'1 ZOtyeaiést 13:1) noatvguyelégtllzg When writing to adver‘

23:12:23?“ its "‘6 “ °‘“° °' ' tisers please mention the





Qqslln Manufacturing 00., chlcuo Michigan Farmer.





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





oi} “ ~—

New





*4





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





.gg }« <
MARCH '20, 1909.





Horse 'Ownere éhouid U0.

' camera’s





‘ Caustic

alsam





The Great french Veterinary Remedy.





A SAFE. SPEEDY AIID

POSITIVE GIIIIE.





 

 

 

 





Prepared

exclusive-





éogba'ult

ex-Veteri-

narytSéig-

son 0 e

8 French





vern-

msnt Stud

—





c z.-. “4 Isis

SUPERSEDES ALI. OAUTERYMOR. :IR¥:|0



possible to reduce any scar or emu . e

e Ifm est gliste!‘ ever used. Takes the place

opafiallnienente for mi (1 or severe action. Removes

all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses or Catt e.



MAN EMED

sfialnfiyure ill-oat, to.. itisinvaiuable.



' “INTEE that one tablespoonful of

“E an“ GAUSTIO BA‘.8AM will

produce more actual results than a who 0 bottle of

any liniment or spavin cure mixture everlaigda.’ sn-



' 1' o B Isam so 8 art

“m‘v’ia’flii’miiifi mismanaged

O o

g r3533}? :6: limes? Selina for descriptive circulars.

testimonials. etc. Address

THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS 00.. Cleveland. Ohio





for Rheumatism.





 





Sound Horses





The soundest and cleanest Iimbed

horses are liable to go lame at any tune.

Be ready for emergencies. For curing

Spnvin. Ringbone, Curb. Splint, Swell-

inge and all forms of Lumenese. horse-





men everywhere acknowledge the super-

Ionty of





Kendall’s





Spavin Cure





West Middlesex, Pa., Nov. 18, 1907.



Dr. B. J. Kendall (20., Enosburg Fails3 Vt.,



Gentlemen.—I have used Kendall s vaIn

Cure for swollen joints, cuts, bruises and

spavin, also for human flesh, with great re.

sults. Please send me copy of“Tree.tise on the

Horse and his Diseases."



, , Very truly yours. William Lee.

As a. ilniment tor famil use It has no equal.

Price 3 I. 6 for $5. As your druggist for

Kendall’s Spavin Cure, also“A Treatise on the

Horse,” the book free, or address





PREPARE FOR THE .FOALS.





 





Farmers who expect foals from some

of their mares this spring, if they have

not already made suitable preparations

to receive them into the world properly,

should do so at once. Mares which are

to f a1 any time previous to the warm

‘weat er of the latter part of May should

be kept in comfortable box stalls at night

and in dry, sheltered yards where some-

one about the farm can look to them

frequently, during such early spring days

as are warm enough for them to run out.



The old-fashioned idea that a mare

about to foal will do better without the

interference of man is all right, under

certain conditions, but the ncccssary

conditions are frequently absent and, as

a result, the foal is sometimes IOSt and

there is danger that the mare, too,‘ may

be lost.



After one.pays a service fee and gives

a mare the careful wintering that a mare

expected to produce a foa‘l should have,

it is no light loss to have the foal meet

death because of the neglect of the owner

to prepare a suitable place for the mare

to foal in, or to see that mare and foul

gets proper care.



A mare, even in a roomy box stall,

may have trouble in foaling, trouble of

so simple a nature that it could have

been averted had someone been at hand

to look after her. It not infrequently

happens that a mare will lie so closely

to the side of the stall that the delivery

of the foal is either impeded, or that it

will be delivered in such a doubled-up

position that it will smother before the

dam gets up to release it from the folds

of the blanket or placenta.



A wrong presentation is a more serious

affair and must be attended to by a

skilled attendant at once or both mare

and foal will be lost, hence the necessity

of having the mare where she may be

observed.



A mare turned out in the pasture to

foal will invariably seek a place near

the pasture brook or spring to foal and

there is great danger that the newborn

foal in its struggles to get to its feet

will get into the water and drown. Then

again, even in the warm wcathcr of carly

spring, a sudden change is likcly to

occur between night and morning and a

foal of a few hours old that gets soaked

with the cold rain likely to fall, even as

late as the latter part of May, will, in

most cases, die from its effects.





Horse breeding is profitable only when

the farmer gives to his mares the care

that will insure the maximum number of

safely dclivcrcd foals. Provide a roomy

box stall for the mare. See that it is

kept clean and either look after the mare





‘,





sir-IE ”MICHIGAN> ‘FA‘RMER.’ .





so for all mares. ‘Some will be in heat

on the'eighth day and some will be‘in:

far better condition to breed on the tenth

day. If a mare is cross and persists in

fighting against being bred on the ninth

day' hold her over until theltcnth and

she will usually be of a different mind

and also be far more likely to get in

foal.



'To some farmers all the suggestions

hcre made are known, and by a fewer

numbcr acted upon. Others have never

paid any attention to the importance of

disinfecting against the germ diseases

which annually destroy a large number

of foals and still others breed their mares

and trust to liick'for the outcome. In-

asmuch as a mare uscd for breeding pur-

poses represents a certain investment

which either represents a profit or a

loss, ought it not to be the aim of the

owner to give to her the same care and

attention he would give to his acres of

wheat in order to assure a paying crop?



New York. H. L. ALLEN.





CORN SILAGE FOR HOGS.





Is good corn ensilage a good food for a

brood sow during the limo the pigs are

with her? She would have scpuratm

milk to drink.



Kent Co.





 





SUBSCRIBER.





Hogs will not eat corn silage up clean. ,





unless they are actually starved to it.

It is too bulky. They don’t like so much

bulky food. If your corn silage was Well

cared and the ears were pretty well mu-

tured, and you would fccd it liberally to

the sow so that she wouldn’t havc to

consume all of the corn stalks to gct a

little grain, and fced skim—milk in con-

nection with it, you could form a good

ration for the sow; but there would be

a great waste of cnsilngc. I would

rather feed the corn silage to dairy cows

and food a little car corn in connection

with the skim—milk to the brood sow;

not vcry much, about one pound of corn

in proportion to three pounds of the

skim-milk would be about right. It is

always advisable to give the brood sow

a little alfalfa hay, or nice green cut.

well cured clover hay every day. In

doing this you can fccd a much less

ration of the corn and skim-milk and it

adds bulk to the ration and givcs the

sow a variety. This would be advisable

under all circumstances if you can do it;-

but the clover hay, or the alfalfa hay

would be better food for a bulky food

and roughage than corn silage.

COLON C. LILLIE.





THE LAW OF BEDING.





 





The subject indicated is broad, be-

cause, as the writer rcalizcs, the laws





 





   





ALL KINDS OF





LICE.





KRESO'DIP CURES

MANGE e. SCAB.

cu15.wounos.sonss. ‘



muswonm etc. '





KILLS Ail—GEMS.





EAsvs. SAFE ,r

TO USE. -“





TRY IT





1"





FOR I





ALL LIv_E_ STOCK





HARMLESS.





EFFECTIVE-

IN EXPENSIVE.





STAN DARDIZED





SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET ON





CATTLE

SH E EP





HORSES H063

POULTRY DOGS





For sale at all drug stores.





 





 





IIHIE, nllls ill:





Ilome OIIlcss and laboratories.

DETIIDII. MICHIGAN.





 





 





 





Don’t Have a Blind Dne





“VISID”

Wonderful

Discovery





DISEASES of the EYE

successfullytreatedwith

this NEW REMEDY.





AN ABSOLUTE CURE





for Moon Blindness, (Ophthalmia). Con-





wa—n< _





 





 





 





 





 





 





junctlvitis and Cataract. Shying horses





are nature’s laws and applicable to all

all suffer from diseased eyes. A trial will





Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.. Enosburg Falls, Vi.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





Try Dr. Fair’s New

GUUGH 8o HEAVE





Remedy





'YFREE





If new customers will send 40 to pay postage

we will mail a 25c box. 12 doses. to try: and write

a letter telling how to cure a horse that coughs

has heaves or distemper.





30 Days’ Treatment (29.2533 $1.00

DR. FAIR VETERINARY REMEDY CD»





DR FAIR, V. S. Propr.

5712-5714 Carnegie Avenue. Cleveland. Ohio.





{592" .4.





 





/





 





frequently, as fouling time approaches, kinds of animals and plants alike. The: convince any horse owner that; this remedy abso-

or have some reliable asmstant to do so, live stock breeder has two things to con-x Iutely cur-es defects of theeye,ln-especcivc or the

_ . _ y ‘ . _ . ‘ length of time the animal has been ailiicted. No ‘

Cleanliness about the stable is of the tend With; 1. c., heredity and adaptation. gvfgfslfpwmanydoctorfllmveir‘t‘dandfaileddlse - l

‘ I utmo im ortance for m ' . - . - 7 . use it under our GUARANTEE; 0 r

' Make BI Mane St D . ore foals die, The. \xritci would define adaptation aS‘ money refunded if under (lirectlonsllt ‘

. after safe delivcrance, from navel-ill, habit acquired by use—the indulgence of i13¢3§l§lf%§fie§iacure- “ UI’AY FOR

, 7‘ e . .7 - . 3 O LY.” .

I I ' 1 than from any othci cause, and that uselbencomts a habit, and the longer a postpaid on receipt 0:8?)338.per bottle,

ralnlng arses. >a11ment IS the dII‘GCt rcsult Of a germ ‘habit is continued the harder it is to VISIO RemedVAssir Dept.l..loaaw:buhAve. ‘

. . ,. v . ‘ ‘ V . . ‘ . l - 1.; ‘

Prof.Beery,KingofI—Iorse’l‘amersandTrainers. which cmsts only where uncleanhness break. Hucdlty is so strong that it re- M“ ° "'

I has retired from the Arena and will teach his exxsts. quire§ continucd judicious selection to

wonderful system toallmlted number. by mail. This gcrm finds its entrance into the combat it. The brccdcr must be guided

$1200 to $3000 a Year foal's system thru the severed navel cord by his compass an ideal of what he

- and to )rthent this clean ‘ ‘ .‘l ' v . . " ' '

At Home or Travellng fre ucntI ii . f >t' f thbeddi'ng d'tl y, \\ ants 'md kcep on following it Without

7' / Prof. Jesse Beery i. so- q . ( Ism on ion 0 . c stable and any vmiation, and keep on re-enforcmg

. knowled edtobethewqud’s an application of any kind of the rccog- it by careful selcction. The ideal toward

master orseman. His ex- . . . , .‘ . . .

Bibifiiom of taming man- nized dismfcctants to the foals navel \\'lllCll he is strivmg and the law of here-

-‘figil%§£%1:§:'lfé‘gggg‘gi‘fi: cord where it was iscvcl‘ed, daily for dity must bc forcvcr on his mind. To

gggfytvhlrélrlgdvssteudiences three or four days, IS absolutely ncccs- show the strength of bcrcdity the writer

He is new teaching his sary. will state, how in experimental plant





 





 





gggfigfiuféyot‘ix‘éfsefiiggg The other most necessary attention breeding a rare instance was found in

gofioérilgggg'l‘:%ier§:gu%ng which the new born foal is likely to re- which the resulting plant from a kerncl

most attractive money-making fieldtothe man who ouirc, is a rcctal injection of a half pint of corn had leaped backward from 2 to

m“5gg;;gggém Agsgriiifig’rll‘fis are in demand every- of warm watcr. to which a little glycerine 3 thousand years at one lcap and then

where. P60 16 gladl pay $15 to $25 a head to have has been allcd, This wil ,; . ‘ r - M . ‘ nt'rel

horses tameg.traine(¥ cured of habits—to have colts . It 1 be necess 11y by Ciossmg DlOtlllLtd specmiens e 1 y

Egoken t9 harness. A good trainer can alwayskeep only 1n case the fecal matter which na- different from any that had ex1stcd be-

” fitggllf {glyig‘i’ffs'here is a chance to we the ture has storcd in the rectum does not fore. The experimenter truly said, “You

world. iving exhibitions and making large profits. . c '- ' .. - ‘ r ' ( c all

. You will be surprisedmleflm how little it. costs to‘ pass away, Within thus 01 four houis can create any kind of 'anl'mt you W t

' ' of the foals birth. In case there is no if you have tune enough.





get into the Horse-Training profession.

passage Within the time mcntioncd it Ingham ‘CO.





 





Write and Prof. Beery Will send you full particu- ‘

late and handsome book about horses—FREE. Address





C. F. GRIEB.





 





 





 





 





 





Prof. Jesse Beery. Box 42. Pleasant Hill. Ohio





ABSORBINE





Will reduce inflamed. swollen Joints.

Bruises, Soil Bunches. Cure leiie. lie-

iuls or any unhealthy sore quickly:

pleasant to use: does not blister

under bandage or remove the hair,

and you can Work the horse. $2 per

bottle at dealers or delivered.

Horse Book 7 D free.

ABSORBINE, JR , for mankind.

$1.00 per bottle. Reduces Varicose

Veins. Varicocele. Hydroeele.

Goitre. Wens. Strains, Bruises,

::-..' stops Pain and inflammation

I





VT. l-'. YDIIIIIi P.D.F.. 63 Monmouth 8L. Surinofield. Mass.





\ Hand Made Harness

‘j‘ ,3 *_ At a Big Saving



C We sell directto youat factor prices

—-a bif saving on every set. hipped

on up rova ; warranted assatistactorym

every etail as though made to 30m- special

order — or money refunded.

is HAND MADE from best oak leather—

88 years’ square dealing backs our guar-

antee. We Pey the Freight.



swarm mum! co. Box 133. litmus. In.





 





 

 

 

 

   





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





Send Ior

Dahloouo

REE





 





 





ur harness '





 





will always be safest to give an injection

as stated for failure to do so is very

likely to result in the loss of the colt.



After the mare foals give her a warm

bran mash and, if as is sometimes the

case, she shivcrs and appears to be suf-

fering from a chill cover hcr with a

lanket. The placenta, as soon as it

comes away should either be buried where

it is not likely to be disturbed or, better

still,. be burned. The exterior of the

mare’s vagina and adjacent parts, as

well as the tail, should be washed with

a disinfectant solution and She will then

be more likely to be in proper condition

to breed again when the foal is nine

days old. The soiled bedding should also

be removed and buried and the stall dis-

infected before new bedding is sup-

plied.



VVhile the ninth day after foaling is

generally accepted as the proper time to

return the mare to the stallion it is’ not.





W. E. Prichard & Sons, of Ottawa.

Illinois, write us that they have enjoyed

1. very nicc tradc in Percheron and Shire

stallions this wagon and have sent a

numbcr of good horscs into Michigan

and VViscousin. *y still have on hand

a vcry good bunt' of clean, sound ho: .3

which thcy will .-.:ll at very renewable

priccs. The members of this .lll‘i arc

the proprietors of the famous “Highlaan

St0ck Farm," whcrc many International

winners have becn brcd. These gentle--

men request those who desire to obtain

a good young stallion to write them for

prices and descriptions. They feel sure

they can suit anyone in horse and price.





Cleaned Him Out of H095 and Cattle.



P. P. Pope, Mt. Pleasant, Mich, the

well known breeder of Shorthorn cattle

and Poland China swine, writes undcr

date of March 2nd: “In regard to the

advertisements you are carrying for me

I must say yOu have done me up. I

am practically cleaned up, both of hogs

and cattle. Am enclosing now copies

which you may insert in my space until

you receive further notice.”





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Death to In Stomach

- Worms Guaranteed.





We will lend you 100 lbs. of DB.

Helium's usmca'rsn smock

SALT on 60 deyo' trial freight

prep-Id. I! you derive no bene-

fit, it costs you nothing; lg you

do it costs you $5.00. Give us

your order at once.



The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY

, COMPANY, Wellington. Ohio.





 





 





 





SUMMER’S





Digestive Condiment





Endorsed by the best veterinary surgeons of the

for Horses. Cattle, Sheep and Huge.

gives v1m and vigor to the animal. promotes digestion

s to fatten. '

lood and always insures a healthy condition.

Powders can be easily mixed with ground feed.

Price, 1-"). can. 86c; 3-"). can. 31 .00.



Send for FREE CATALOGUE of Stockmen's Supplies.

< F. S. BURCH & CO.,177 IIIInoiO Sh. Chicago





Ii:





It. braces the constitution. pun.





 





HORSES £333? £3311... 'iz‘mdt
:. ._;._.....,.".1





...._::'z.::;‘.- . L _





. .-_‘ QW





“r... a -





 

 





/





318. (10)





The "Saginaw Silo

llakos Ilairymon llioli





One successful dalrym an s eye: "If it were impos-

sible to t another, I wouldn't "

sell my Saginaw' for 5 times what it cost. _

Saginaw Silos cut your feed bills in half.

and double your dairy profits. Dairymen

, who are familiar with all Silos say the



Wis built .better and gives better

satisfaction than anyother.

It puts more and better

milk in your pails, at

an astonishingly low

figure. In short. the

Saginaw Silo is eco-

nomical. practical.

convenient and

simple.





     

   





 





 





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





Pays for Itself

the First Year





 

 





. What. you save in feed

-—what you gain in milk

and butter — ctually





 





 





this book toda

liberal propoeit on to you. If we did not

make more Silos than anybodyvelse we

could not make such an ofler. rite for

the book—judge our offer for yourself.





FARMERS HANDY WAGON CQMPANY

Box 64 . Saginaw. Ile‘nes. lune-pole





     

 





   

 





 

 





   





 





All harness leather needs

an occasional oiling and

blacking, and





E U R E KA

Harness Oil





is best. for the purpose.

There is no acid quality





about it and it cannot

become rancid. uEureka”

penetrates deep into the

leather and stay: there to

resist the rotting effects of

wet and weather. Use,

Eureka Harness Oil. I





STANDARD OIL COMPANY.

(Incorporated)





 





 





 

   





The FARMERS’ GARDEN





e A Seed Drill and Wheel Hoe is in-

dispensable—not onl in a. village

garden but on lurges farms.

Farmers should row all manner

of vegetables and “ ive on the fat of

the land." Should rovide succu-

lentrootsforCattle, wine,Poultry,

and save high priced teed

stufl. _Great labor—save





lug tool of special '





 

 





Only One

of Many

value 1' rthe home Iron Age root;

as well as :he

in a r k e 1: gen-

den. 8 e nd

for free





 

 





 

   

   





/





 

 





 





 





     





 





vv wvv VYVY'VYVYVVVVYY‘Y V‘V'





VETERINARY. :





 





 





AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA—A





 





our

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and. address of

writer. Initials only will be published. In

acute cases, where we believe that im—

mediate treatment will be necessary, re-

ply will be made by return mail, free.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   





CONDUCTED BY DR. W. C. FAIR,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.





Advice thru this department is free to

subscribers. Each communication





Inflammation of Heel.—I have a horse

16 years old which a week ago seemed to

have a mild attack of scratches brot on,

we believed, by a. slight interference.

The shoes were corrected by blacksmith,

but the horse has grown worse steadily

until now he can hardly use his left

hind leg. The legs are badly swollen,

the cords running from ankle to hip on

the inside. When he attempts to walk

he throws his leg up and walks with

hind legs far apart and stands that way

in stable. He is apparently in good con~

dltion and eats well. I would like to

know cause and remedy for the disease?

W. B., Hamburg, Mich.—Your horse suf-

fers from an inflammation of glands of

skin; also an inflammation of the lym-

phatic glands. This is rather a painful

ailment. Discontinue feeding grain, feed

some well salted bran mash or vegetables

to keep the bowels open, and if they do

not loosen give a pint of raw linseed oil

daily until they do. The heels should

be poulticed with antlphlogistine. Also

dissolve 1/4, lb. sulfate zinc in a gallon

of water and apply to wounds twice a

day.



Hock Lameness.—I 'have a horse six

years old that sprained hock joint about

a month ago and has been lame ever

since. The joint is swollen and tender;

always very lame when starting, but ap-

pears to get over it after exercise. W.

. F., Caro, Mich—Your horse suffers

from an inflammation of hock joint and

should be rested, also apply equal parts

tincture cantharides, aqua ammonia, tur-

pentine and sweet oil to hock twice a

week. I am somewhat inclined to be—

lieve that this may be the commence-

ment of bone spavin lameness.



Curb.——I have a 5-year-old gelding with

swelling on back part of hook and no—

ticeable on outside. Have applied blis-

ters with rather poor results. No sore-

ness or lameness can b2: seen. V. G. W

Montague, Mich.——It is not always good

practice to treat an ailment of this kind

unless it is producing either a. soreness

or weakness, for nearly all proper rcni-

edies set up considerable inflammation

and it is not unusual for them to do

harm. You had better apply iodine oint—

ment two or three times a week instead

of blisters.



Enlarged Ligament—I have a mare that

is lame in right hind leg; there is quite

a large bunch on outside and a small

bunch on inside of ankle. Our local Vets.

tell me that it is a ruptured ligament.

if there is any cure for it I would like

to know. H. B. S., Lakeview, Mic‘h.——I

am inclined to believe that your local

Vets. are right. Both lower branches of

the suspensory ligaments have been se-

verely sprained; therefore, I suggest that

you blister the parts, using any one of

the blisters that are regularly advertised

in this paper. By doing so you will meet

with fairly good results; however, the

horse should have rest.



C‘hronic Cough—Lymphangitis.—I have

a horse eight years old that has a good

appetite and appears to be in quite good

health. He has a. chronic cough and I

am afraid it may result in heavcs. This

same horse became troubled with a swol-

len leg about three weeks ago. When he

gets down I am obliged to help him up.

His kidneys, I think, are a little sluggish.

S. L., Elmira, Mich.—Give your horse 1/2





dr. powdered opium, 2 drs. muriate am-

monia and 1 dr. powdered lobclia at a

dose in damp feed two or three times

a day. Also give 1 oz. powdvrcd rosin

at a. dose in feed twice a (toy until his

kidneys act freely. Also apply equal

parts aqua ammonia, turpentine and

sweet oil to bur-k once it day. Foul





him well suited hrun mash or vegetables





 





g The CLIPPER





—_ stroy your lawns, Dan-

delions, Buck Plantain

and Crab Grass. In one

season the Clipper Will

drive them all out.





We"? clippor lawn lower 00..

- . Dlxon, Ill.





 

 

 





 





There are three things that do. ,





 





Don’t break your-back and kill your

horses with a high wheel wagon.

' For oomfort’s sake get an





a. Electric Handy Wagon.





" It will save you time and money. A



not of Electric Steel Wheels will

make your old wagon new at small

cost. Write for catalogue. his free.





’ ELECTRIC warn co. Box 53. Oulsoy. m.

Metal Hame Fastener





Does away with "etraps. Every



farmer and teemster delight:-



. Outwear hameuhf‘slstgn imtagtlly vgth gloves 015.



' o . n is ensi ew enonceuse .

AGENTS ”0% Fanny's HPANDY HAME FASTEN.

EBB bonanza for agents. Many sell dozen an hour.

Sample 25°,doz.$2.75 Circular and wholesale price free

COONER & FORTUNE C0. Dept 11 INDIANAPOUSJNQ





Brigham’s Latest Improved Shoe





for working horses on swamp

land. Only one bolt required

for each shoe.



Patented and manufactured

by 1.. Brigham, Decatur.

Mich, Send for circular.





White Cedar Posts, Poles and Shingles





 





 





 





 





 





to orwn his bowels, or give him a pint

of raw linseed oil daily until his bowels

, loosen.



' Indigestion—M‘s fi“v"‘1).l—’)l‘l guiding i<

thin, allllo {Ml writ) lmv lwiI-z- a tiny Hll-l

‘Elr‘aw at night. ”on: also given him

stock loud. worm powders and gluulwr

quail: :15 ll'<"l.’!:!!ril.d("l in ll“l’p’,lilfllll~'. “its

coat is rough, 112:5 Hook and shout): is

badly swolwn. Ht: also "has colicky pains

every spring. Just now he feels good





when taken out of burn, but when driven

four or five miles acts sleepy. lit. seems:





to be crazy for water but does not drink

large quantities. F. 1.. “C, Holton, Mich.

——You1‘ horsc had boiler bc fml 5mm:





oats, corn and dry bran, also a teaspoon—

ful of suit and a teaspoonful powdered

rosin and a tablespoonful ground ginger

at a dose in feed twice a day, and it

would be a good plan to feed him a few

carrots once a day.



Weak Shoulder Muscles.—VVould like

to know how to treat my lame 9—year—old

mare. She went gradually lame without

any apparent cause last June. The more

worked or driven the worse she gets,

sometimes when traveling she will sud-

denly become very lame and go in that

condition for one-half mile or so and

then resume her normal condition. When

standing she sets her feet back a little

and knuckles over on toe. G. J., Frec—

land, Mich—Apply equal parts spirits

camphor, extract witch hazel and alcohol

to shoulder twice a day.



Rectal Abscess—I have a colt coming

two years old which our local Vet. says

has an abscess just inside of rectum.

His bowels move with considerable diffi-

culty; have been giving him 1% pints

raw linseed oil daily. J. H., Hillsdalc,

Mich—This appears to be a. case that





 





.s car loll. Fuller it Burris. Fnrwell. Mich.





demands careful attention. The bowels





should ’be’washeduout. with 1 partcar-





 





.bolic acid. and 100 parts water twice a

day, using not less than three or four

quarts of tepid water at a. time. Also

continue giving‘a pint 'of raw linseed

oil daily, if you are unable to move the

bOWels with well salted bran mash or

vegetables. I prefer to flush the bowels

with water, using considerable quantity,

than to give much medicine.

Warbles.——I bot several cattle to eed

which have warbles, or grubs, in elr

backs. Will you tell me what to do

for them? J. J. B., Emmett, Mich—Take

a sharp penknife, make the opening in

skin a little larger, squeeze out grubs

and kill them. Dissolve 1,4 lb. sulfate

zinc in a gallon water, pour a littlebt

this solution in grub holes once a day

until they heal. <

Indigestion—I have a horse that is not,

thriving; he is inclined to eat his bed-'

ding and almost everything in react? of

him. W. M., Shabbona, Mich—Give him

a tablespoonful of the following com-,

pound powder at a dose in feed twice a.

day for 30 days. Powdered sulfate iron,‘

ginger, gentian, bicarbonate soda and.

powdered rosin, equal parts by weight

and mixed thoroly. -

Barren Cow.—I have a cow that ap-

pears to be in heat almost continually;

some bloody discharge from vagina. She

fails to get with calf. H. 8., Shelby,

Mich—Your cow may have a uterine or

vaginal polypus that requires removing,

then she will get well and perhaps breed.

Obstructed Teats.—I have a young cow

that came in about four weeks ago; her

udder was quite badly swollen and one

teat appears blocked. I used a milking

tube for some time. This teat appears

to have some bunches in it, causing milk

to come very slow. A. W.-—you had bet-

ter continue using a milking tube; this

will make milking much easier for you,

but the tube should be boiled “for five or

ten minutes each time before it is used.

Also apply iodine ointment to teat once

a





 





ay.

Sheep Die from Toxic Poison.—I have

lost several sheep lately; they show sick-

ness one day and die the following. Have

doctored them for grub in the head and

after death have examined the head and

found no grubs. Have also treated them

'for pneumonia, but they die just the

same. I have been. feeding them on

marsh hay,, also on ensilage and corn-

stalks. They run out in the fields but

have been kept fairly dry and are look-

ing pretty well. W. G., Gregory, Mich,—

You had better [discontinue feeding them

the marsh hay and ensilage. I am sat-

isfied they die from a toxic poison instead

of a disease. Try and feed them some

clover and a few vegetables.



Barren Cows—What is the cause and

remedy for heifers that fail to breed.

Have noticed some blood pass from them

after service. R. J. P., Holton, Mich.—

You had better try the yeast treatment

which is prepared by putting two heaping





 





teaspoonfuls of yeast in a pint of boiled

water. Set the solution near the stove

and maintain at a warm room tempera-

ture for about five hours; then add three

pints boiled water and keep it warm for

another five hours. — By this time the

solution will have a milky appearance

and is ready for use. Flush the parts

with warm water and inject the yeast.

The animal should be mated from two to

eight hours later. Let- me suggest that

every dairyman clip this formula out

and retain it; this will save my answer-

ing this question every week.



Partial Dislocation of Stlfle Joint—Bar-

ren Mare—Have a 4-year-old mare that

has poor control of one hind leg, worse

at one time than another. She has not

been right in this leg for two years; her

leg bothers her less if working than if

standing in barn. I also have another

mare 11 years old that dropped a. colt

four years ago; did not breed her that

year and since then she has failed to

get with foal. We have also used the

impregnator. R. P., Holton, Mich.~Blis-

ter stifle with cerate of catharides every

ten days or two weeks and try the yeast

treatment on your barren mare. You

will find the formula in this department.

Be sure and follow the directions.



\Vcak Tendons.—My 9-year-old mare is

weak in tendon;

blisters. What had I better do? ..

Inkster, Mich—Blister her lightly every

week or ten days and give her as much

rest, as possible.



1)istcmper——Diarrhoea.—I have a colt

ton months old that had distemper last

January; got over that all right, but now

moms to be gradually losing flesh; teeth

s~-r-m to be all right. He stands a little

rocked ankle and sometimes stands

stretched out. I also have a horse 18

years old that is not thriving. His bow-

(:35 act altogether too free most of the

limo. W. J H., Midland, Mich.——Give

your colt 1 dr. Fowler’s solution, 2 drs.

iiuid .extract cinchona and 1/2 dr. pow—

dun-d nux vomica at a dose in feed two

or three times a day. Give your 18-year-

old horse 1/2 oz. sulfate iron, 1 oz. ground

ginger and 1 oz. charcoal in feed twice

a day for 30 days.



Irritation of Bowels.——I have a young

mare four years old that switches almost

continually. I have thot that she might

be troubled wit-h pin Worms. Please tell

me what is wrong with her, also give

treatment. L. F., Farwell, Mich.—Feed

your more some well salted bran mashes

or vegetables to keep her bowels open.

Give a tablespoonful of the following

compound powder at a dose in feed three

times a day. Powdered sulfate iron, gen-

tian, fenugreek, rosin and charcoal. Also

dissolve 1 oz. powdered sulfate iron in 3

pints tepid water, wash out rectum three

times a week. Before making this ap-





plication you had better wash out bowels'





thoroly with tepid water. These applica—

tions are most easily made thru a rubber

hose and funnel.



Stomach Vertigo—Today I was driving

my horse double, hitched to a wagon, on

a walk; suddenly ;he appeared nervous,

began pulling on the reins as if trying





to run away; we succeeded in stoppin l





g

him; his body jerked and twitched vio-





 

 





 





 





Whydoyou feedthesepests when your

hogs need every. bit of the nuts-lineal: in





their ratsons' 2

Worms starve your 11 their

blood and finally kill thug.“ m





lowa Worm. Powder.





kills and malls worms and enables your

hogs to turn every bitof. their-teed into pork.





These jars contain the liver, bile :

bladder, kidney and alportion of





, the intestines of a 20 pound shoal:





that the worms literally starved ‘

to death.





Do you know that your hogs

have worms like those in. these

are? Maybe not so many of them,

ut enough to torture your hogs

and eat up your profits. ..

Pigs. from the time theyare a few weeks

old, are compelled to fight for life against

these worms. Let us show you how you





can help them win the fight and increase

your profits. If you have never fed





Iowa Worm Powder





and want to try it. we’re ready to prove that

it will do what we claim and that it is the

only sure and harmless worm remedy on





the market.

Free cent for this first trial order if

you send us 25c for postage and





packing and tell us how much stock you own.





lowa Stock Food Company,

Dept. 3!, Jefferson, lows.





We'll send you a 81.00 pack-

age—we'll not charge you one





 





 





have applied four liquid.





We haven valuable truck horse w

short of .700, which developed a ringbone. The veterinary

surgeons had tried all their knowledge without result, exce,.t~

ing to succeed in laying the horse up.

“calling your blufl" in your advertlslsu .

from C. I. Ioseman a Iii-0., of this city, and following the di-

rection. diligently with the result that the ringbone has an—

tirely disappeared and the horse is no longer lame, has picked

up flesh and today is in just so good condition as any horse

could be, and it would be impossible for one who has not

known to determine on which leg the ringbone had been.



The writer, being a lover of horses, is giving you this testi-

monial for the purpose of passing his experience along to

other owners. B





I think you have the best on the market.

valuable horse of two very bad splints and thoroughpin with

your "Save-the-Horse," purchased at Dow's l tug btore, Cin-

J. H. ROGERS, Box 62.

Sold

for copy, booklet and letters 1mm business men and

trainers on every kind of case. Permanently cures Spa-

vin. Thoroughpln, Ill-urbane. (except low) , Curb. Splint, Capped

flesh, Wladpul; ShoeBollJnlured Tendon and all Lame-eel. N0

soar or loss of hair.





cinnsti, Ohio.





$5





 





Paid.





“SAVE-THE-HORSE’SPAVINCURE.





RELIPADE_HAR.





 





(Founded by Samuel Biuxhsm in 184”) .

lanutscturers or

“IACHINICAST” PRINTEBB' ROLLERS,

No. 406 Pearl St., New York.



The Troy Chemical 00.. Binghsmtou. N Y





INGHAII BROTHERS 00..

HUBERT M. BINGHAM, Pres.

Walton, Ky.





Very truly.

a bottle, with signed guarantee or contract.





Horse works as us





 





ING MOLASSES.

Cash with order.





W.

528 Lafayette Ave..





 





ENOUGH TO CONVINCE





New 10 gallon trial package BUCKEYE FEED-

02.50 delivered your station—





Now is the best time.

GAR





 





IlElTll lll HEllES!





 

 





Epixoostic





llEW'l'llll’S





Stomach Troubles.





y



.a

473a”. their Nerve Supply and on

' the Blood w ‘





 

 





its worth for





 





hicb could not be replaced





For the purpose of

we purchased a bottle





I cured a very





Dealers or Express

Troy Chemical Co.. 90 Commercial Ave., Binghamtou, NJ.





 





 





Deli-on. Mich.





unis. easel ssn Ills-



IEIPEI Curt. a Veterinary

Remedy for Wind, Throat and

It acts on

the Respirative and Digestive





‘- 25 ears in successful use proves

‘ eaves, Coughs, Indigestion,

‘ $1.00 per can. at dealers, or sent direct prepaid.

Sold for booklet, valuable information. enlists-ens endorse-eats.





THE NEWTON REMEDY 00.. Toledo. Ohlo
v,





 





. marten» 20, 1909. j ,.





1 ntly and he pets lred freely: soon t

{Si/er it. “C. DVVI': Evar’t,‘ Midi—FEE!

less grain'a‘nd more vegetables and it" he

is fleshy reduce him. Give 20 grs. cal-

omel twice a week for two weeks, also

keep his bOWels open. . .



.Enlarged Gland—I have a sow that has

a. painless bunch in ,tthat; she: showsno

sickness, and I bred her a‘ week ago.

Doyou believe it will be against her

raising good pigs? C. W. E. F., Gladwin,

Mich—Your sow has either a cold abscess

or an enlarged gland, if soft it should be

opened, if hard apply iodine ointment

daily.



Barren Mare—Broken Wind.—I have a.

T—year—od mare that was bred nine times

last season and failed to get with foal;

she comes in heat regularly. She also

has a chronic cough and heaves and I

have been told, not to waste money buy-

ing drugs for her as she will never get

Well. F. S., Sebewaing, Mich.—Have

your mare opened before she is bred

again; feed her no clover or musty badly

cured fodder and give her good care; she

will perhaps never be perfectly well.



Bursal Swelling.——I have a 4—year-old

mare that is troubled ‘with bunches on

fetlock joints. 1 find these bunches

harden some when she is used much.

They cause no lameness. W. P., Colum—

biaville, Mich—Fairly good results follow

light applications of equal parts spirits

camphor and tr. iodine, Every evening

is often enough to apply it. .



Loss of ViSion.—I have a horse nine

years old that began to go blind about a

year ago; now one eye is entirely blind

and the other almost blind. What pros-

pects are there of saving his eye? D. E.

K., Elsie, Mich—None whatever. He

suffered from periodic ophthalmia and it

terminated in cataract.



Nasal Gleet.-—My horse had what our

local. Vet. called a case of pinkeye-dis-

temper, last fall and it left him With a

discharge from the nose which he has

not gotten rid of. F. H., Saginaw, Mich.

—If the discharge comes frfom one nos-

tril only, it is perhaps caused by a tooth

being diseased; however, if from both. it

is chronic catarrh Or nasal gleet. Give

1 dr. powdered sulfate copper and 2 drs.

Fowler’s solution at a dose in feer two

or three times a day until he recovers.



Moon Eyes—I have a 5-year—old mare

that is troubled with sore eyes every

three or four months. I am told it is _a

case of moon eye; this same mare is

troubled with worms and I am giving her

a remedy for them. C. R. D., Decatur,

Mich.——Y0ur mare suffers from periodic

ophthalmia, a disease which is supposed

by many to be influenced by the moon;

however, I have known it to occur at all

stages of the moon, therefore I do not

take much stock in such beliefs unless

they can be seemingly proven to my sat-

isfaction. I might also say the veterinary

profession acknowledge that no known

remedy has ever been found that will

effect a cure in this ailment. The at-

tacks can,be palliated by hot fomenta-

tions, reducing the grain allowance, giv-

ing a cathartic and keeping the animal

'in shaded place. Irritating eye washes

and powders always make them worse.

You had better continue giving the worm

medicine for it will save the feed.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





The occurrences of fires at stockyard

centers, involving losses of live stock,

have led to discussion of the subject by

the Chicago Live Stock Exchange re-

cently, and that commercial body of rep-

rescntative- live stock commission iner-

chants is trying to place the legal re-

sponsibility for such losses. To this end,

Secretary Charles W. Baker is Soliciting

all live stock feeders, shippers, farmers

and others interested to contribute their

views on the advisability of providing a

form of insurance protection suliicicnt

to'cover the losses of live stock by fire,

at an expense to the patrons of the Chi-

cago market not exceeding five cents per

single-deck and ten cents per double-

deck car load. For some years some of

the live stock commission firms have

paid for insuring live stock confided to

their care, but other firms have refused

to do so, regarding it as unfair that they

should pay for insuring other people’s

property.



Farmers east of the Missouri River are

going to do a great deal of summer graz-

ing this year, having found that it is

much cheaper to make gains in feeding

cattle on grass in warm weather than in

feeding on grain during the long winter

period. The gradual abandonment of the

range cattle industry removes one active

competition and thereby grcatly helps

the farmers who care to utilizc their blue

grass pastures in making summcr beef.

A great many cattle of a good feeder

class have been shipped from Omaha,

Kansas City, Chicago and other supply

points to feeding sections. This is a

good time to market winter—fed cattle

that are fat, and it will pay in all like—

lihood for farmers who are well fixed

and who understand the business to rctill

their fccd lots and fatten cattle during

the summer months, altho paying around

top prices for stockervs and feeders looks

risky, to say the least.



There are two classes of steers that

should be marketed as soon as practi-

cable, says a leading live stock commis-

sion firm at the Chicago stockyards.

"There are the matured offerings and

those of common quality. Get rid of

these and then stock up with the,

warmed—up grades late in March, as

there is good promise of a better market

In the spring and summer. However,

where the steers are thrifty, are of good

quality and lack good flesh, we believe

such can be held for longer feeding to

good advantage."



All kinds of 'meats are selling every—

where. at unusually high prices, causing

a falling off in the demand, for the pur-

chasing power of the people has failed

to increase anywhere near correspond—

ingly with prices for food and nearly

everything else. Beef is abnormally dear,

as is mutton, and so for that matter are

hog meats, but they are at least cheaper





’masses of the people, and the hogs now

reaching western and eastern markets

are being used largely for this purpose.

There is also a very large consumption

of cured meats and lard, and this is

making serious inroads in the stocks or

provisions held in western warehouses.

On the opening of the present month

the stocks of provisions in Chicago ware-

houses were down to 148,990,356 pounds,

compared with 161,268,433 pounds on the

corresponding day last year.



I-Vithin a short time some extremely

good advances in prices for beef cattle

have taken place in the Chicago market,

these upward movements having ~con-

tinned for two ‘weeks in succession. It

cannot be said that the consumption of

beef has undergone perceptible gains,

for demand has been checked by its

great dearness in the retail butcher

shops, as well as by the Lenten fast

observed by millions of people, and the

advances must be credited wholly to the

remarkably small receipts.” Average

prices of cattle have been very much

higher than in most former years. On

several occasions recently exporters

have entered the market and made sum-

ciently large purchases of cattle around

$5.65@6.30 per 100 lbs. to give noticeable

assistance in advancing prices. On a

recent Monday Hatheway was in the.

market and purchased some 500 head of

fat cattle for shipment to England. tak-

ing some good bccvcs averaging over 1.200

lbs. at $6.05, and two days later he had

a similar order to fill.



Muddy country roads have helped to

retard the marketing of hogs part of the

time recently, and small receipts have

served to bring about several sharp ad-

vances in the markets of the country. an

advance of fully 250 per 100 lbs. taking

place in the better class of.swine in the

Chicago market the other day. It has

happened at times that the receipts of

hogs have been barely sufficient to meet

the fresh mcat requirements, and active

competition between the local killch .0an

eastern shippers has been a powerful

bullish factor. The east appears to have

run out of hogs, and the west is called

upon to an'unusual extent to make good

the deficiency. It looks very much like

a shortage of hogs thruout most parts

of the west, as 'well as all over the cast.

Many farmers made the mistake of mar-

keting their pigs instead of maturing

them, and now they see plainly their ir-

reparable error.



A large northward movement of Tcxas

stock cattle to Kansas and Oklahoma

pastures is about rcadv to open. It is

learned that contracting around San

Angelo, Texas, has been carried on lin-

erally of late, and several days ago it

was announced that cars for shipping

75,000 head of cattle had been ordered

from the railroads. This will assure a

plentiful supply of grass beef cattle for

the late summer and active competition

for corn belt feeders. It is further stated

on good authority that all of the. Kansas

pastures have bcen leased at the highest

prices over reached. Free grass in the,

west is now practically ended, and all

of the cattle forwarded this year to the

northwest will be required for restock—

ing fenced pastures. While the south~





,rrrTHEr,pMICHI'GAN FARMER. '



than other meats, and for that reason " ' y'



their consumption is on a larger scale ' - ' ,

than .in former years. Fresh pork prod- Hand F orged

nets are immensely popular with tht'





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Rubber Rooting





EFORE you spend a. dollar on roofing, find out all about the old reliable Brecse Bros. Rubber

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We give the Longest Guarantee

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THE BREESE BROS. COMPANY

Ranting Dept. 14 Cincinnati. Ohio





FREE

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to Test and

Booklet





   

     





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





 





western grazing country will market its

usual supply of grass beef cattle next

summer, the northwest will be. even a;

smaller shipper than last year, about all‘

the outfits except those with fenced pas-

tures having already disposed of their

holdings.



The. only drawback to further advances

in prices for cattle, hogs and sheep ap-

pears to be the unusual dearness of :lll

descriptions of meats, including beef,

mutton and provisions. The packers and

other butchers disclaim asking unduly

high prices and throw the blame upon

the retailers, and undoubtedly the latter

are asking bigger profits than is fair,

but they have matters in their own

hands, and the result is that consumers

are compelled to exercise more economy

in buying meats than in former years.

especially as everything else, almost

without exception, has risen in price.

Meat on the hoof is also higher than in

most pastyears, and this is true of both

cattle and hogs. Pork wholesales abou:

$5.50 a barrel 'higher than a year ago.

With corresponding advances in other

cured product, but fresh pork is cheaper

than other meats, and, therefore, it is

meeting with an enormous consumption

nearly everywhere. In fact, the hogs

now being marketed are largely eon—

vcrted into fresh meat to supply current.

wants.



C. W. Olmsted, of South Dakota.

marketed six carloads of stccrs in

Chicago several days ago, being the first

cons1gncnt of corn-fed cattle that \vcrc

evcr shipped from there. Mr. Olmsted

is one of the new farmers in that part

of South Dakota, having started in there.

last spring, when be planted 240 acres of

corn, 60 acres of flax and 60 acres of oats

on his. big .farm. He‘ was successful

in raismg good crops, and his experi—

ment in feeding cattle was also so suc—

cessful that hereafter he will feed a

greater number of cattle. In addition to

handling 120 head of cattle on his farm

he also fed 150 hogs and 800 sheep. Mr.

Olmsted said that his neighbors raised

no corn, and after feeding all the corn

raised on his farm, he was forced to

market his cattle before maturing them

well, receiving but $5.25 per 100 pounds.‘

Farmers in that section have regardcdl

corn growing as unprofitable, as they!





 





 





were far from good markets, but Mr.

Olmsted's experiment in cattle feeding





 

 

 

 





. itbackato

CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT COI’IPANY, 115 La Salle Ave..





ClipYour' Horses in the Spring





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ur expense both ways. we willrefund every cent you paid. Send today.

Chicano ' '





 

 

 

   





 





 





 





 





New Importation Just Arrived





Percherons,Clydesdale5,

" and English Hackneys.





’I‘hcsc horses are picked from the Clinic: st breeds in Europe. Stables right





 





 





in town, Frm- bus to the trains. Eyl‘oll is located (in the Toledo & Ann Arbor

R. It, 44 milcs north of Ann Arbor and 7 nliles south of Durand on the Grand

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ALL AT LOVV PRICES.





CALKINS & AUGSBURY, Proprietors, Byron, Michigan





 





 





W. E. PRITCHARD & SONS





OTTAWA. ILLINOIS.





American Bred Percheron & Shire Horses





We are offering a high-class bunch or souno young stallions

of the real draft type, with big bone, size and quality. We can

suit the most particular in horse and price. Special induce-

ments for men who buy two or more to resell. Write us {or

gurticulars. Located on Rock Island main line, and Aurora.



ranch of Burlington Railways.





 





has demonstrated, as 'he says, that farm—





to go ahead and raise all the corn they

are able to. He tells them by way of





ers can find a market right at their own

doors, and he is now advising his friends 60





encouragement that he. will buy all of CENTS g m -

their surplus corn and feed it to stock. w..hu.f:2’é'...a..d..





His cattle have been on full feed for

three months, but were fed some corn.

as early as last October.





NeverfloolandEarMarker svmiii‘ifufii‘h‘aflfii 75

H00





' ith t ti



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CENTS

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Wrought





 





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CARE OF YOUNG CHICKENS.





 





 





 





 





 





As the time for young chickens is at

. hand, a word in regard to their care will

be seasonable. The first few weeks’ care

is responsible to a great extent for their

success or failure, after maturity. Hun-

dreds of_ chicks are lost each year by

careless feeding during the first month 01

their lives.



Chicks do not require food for the first

24 hours after hatching. I believe in

making their first feed of stale bread

soaked in milk. This is placed in a trot

or other suitable receptacle which will

prevent their trampling upon and soiling

the food. When they are about 36 hours

old they may be given a little fine grit

or sand. A hard boiled egg chopped fine

and mixed with stale bread crumbs is an

excellent food to. start them on. Care

should be taken not to overfeed, as no

good results come from too much food.

On the contrary, bowel trouble is apt

to result.



When the chicks are a few days older

a little grain may be fed. Finely cracked

corn and wheat are excellent but care

must be taken to remove all the larger

pieces of grain. A sieve can be used to

advantage for this purpose. There are

several kinds of prepared chick feeds.on

the market that are to be recommended.

Always "Scatter the grain to give the

chicks exercise. The litter, however,

must not be very deep.



Feed Sparingiy, But Often.



Young chickS?‘should not be fed enough

at one time to satisfy their hunger but,

rather, a little at a time, and often.

During the day they shOuld be kept suf-

ficiently hungry to be eager to eat when

fresh food is given. They should be fed

five or six times a day. More soft than

hard should be given the first two’weeks.

and then more hard and less soft feed

as they grow older. Never give them

more soft feed than they will eat up

clean, as the chicks will trample and'

dirty it. Should any be left, remove at

once, as dirty feed is often the cause of

bowel trouble.



Chicks that run at large will help them-

selves to green feed. but when confined

in small yards such food must be sup—

plied. Tender green stufif, such as let-

tuce, grass clippings from the lawn or

boiled vegetables chopped fine are ex—

cellent and quite essential.



AS the chicks become older more un-

cooked food may be fed. “'heat bran,

corn meal and fine middlings mixed in

equal proportions is an excellent food.

Cracked corn and ground oats may also

be added if desired. \that screenings

may be fed to advantage, as this is an

economical and yet valuable food. On

too many farms such excellent food‘ma-

terials as screenings and the rakings

from stubble fields are Wasted.



The chicks should have access to fresh,

cool water at all times. Small chickens

drink a little at a time, and often.

Therefore, keep a supply of fresh water

constantly within their reach. Keep the

drinking vessels clean. Thoroly rinse

them each time before filling with fresh

water. Frequent scalding with h' t water

must also be resorted to. This will keep

them free from taint and disagreeable

odors. In summer always keep drinking

vessels in the shade.



Skim-milk affords an excellent food

for young chickens and they are fond

of it. For producing growth, skim-milk

cannot be excelled. It is also easily di-

gested. Too much must not be fed at

one time, however, as bowel trouble

may result. ’



Controlling Vermin—Other Suggestions.



Insects cause nearly half the failures

in raising young chickens. Whitewash

liberally applied to the coops will go a

long way in ridding the place of lice.

Kerosene is also excellent. If body lice

are found on the chicks. dust insect pow-

der under the feathers, preferably in the

evening as the powder will then not be

shaken out before it does the work.



Separate the sexes early. They will

develop better. The pullets will reach

maturity sooner if free from the annoy-

ance of the cockereis. Maturity should

he reached before cold weather sets in.

This is essential in order that the pu‘llets

may lay thru‘out the winter.



The raising of broilers for market is

an excellent paying occupation but this

branch of the poultry business appeals

more particularly to experienced poultry

raisers who have plenty of time to de-

vote exclusively to this work. Broilers





 





must be kept growing rapidlyandmnly

an experienced and skillful poultry raiser

can do this successfully. Chicks that

are intended for broilers should be given

such food as will tend to make them

grow and develop rapidly. When nearly

large enough for the market they should

be given plenty of corn, 2. Wet mash.

cooked potatoes, etc. This will fatten

them quickly and they can then be mar-

keted at a good price.





Indiana. OTTO HACHMAN.





 





HELPS FOR THE BEG-INNER IN

BEEKEEPING.—I.





 





Beekeepers may properly be divided

into two classes, viz.. those operating

extensive apiaries and depending solely

upon the profits for a livelihood and those

who keep a feW colonies in connection

with other paying business. Those of

the former class are usually termed spec-

ialists, and to this class the writer be-

longs. Bearing this fact in mind. I.

trust, however, that the reader may find|

many real practical truths written herein.

While the specialist is supposedto have

advanced ideas in the culture, it is only.

thru this expert knowledge that he is:

able to simplify his work in order to.

handle large apiaries with small addi-1

tional help. He obviously must spend





 





 





 





 





 





very little time on each individual col-

ony, must control swarming. and must

winter his bees with a minimum of labor.





process.





whenever bent.





our name on the blade.





 





Now the busy-at-other-lines “side-issue"

beekeeper is in much the same position

as the specialist relative to time and'

labor available for each hive, hence thei

management should correspond exactly

with that of the specialist. In a few

brief articles it is my purpose to give

the very best methods I know for one

whose time is limited during the honey

{low and whose work with bees must be‘

done at odd times.



As the early summer is the only proper

time for the beginner to invest in bees,

I will begin my instructions to cover the





 





 





 





-





A Cure for Leaky Roofs





ON'T waste time trying to

D patch a leaky roof! A root



which leaks in one place

is generally on the verge of leak-

ing in many other places.



The cheapest method of repair

is to cover the whole roof with

Amatite. Amatite costs so little

that the entire job can frequently

be done for the expense of caring

After the old

roof is covered with Amatite you





for a leaky roof.





will have no further worry or

expense.





Most ready roofings require a

coat of paint every two years to

keep them in order. But Amatite

is not the ordinary kind of Ready

Roofing. _Amatite has a real

mineral surface, firmly imbeddcd

in the Coal Tar Pitch waterproof-

ing. This

attacks of the elements like a

It demands no ad-





surface resists the





stone wall.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 





protection or





ditional

suchas a coat of paint.

Buying Amatite is the same as





covering





buying an ordinary ready roofing

with' an agreement from the

dealer to keep it painted free of

charge. Such an agreement on

the ordinary roofing would double

its value. You practically get

suchan agreement with every roll

of Amatite; yet the price is no

greater than that of the ordinary

kind.



Send us your name and address,

and we will forward you by return

mail a free sample of Amatite,

and you can see how tough, dur-

able and substantial it is. Write

to—day to nearest office.



BARRETT MANUFACTURING Co.

New York, Chicago, Philadel-

phia, Boston, Cincinnati, Min-

neapolis, Cleveland, St. Louis,

Pittsburg, New Orleans, Kansas

City.





 





 





Don’t Spoil Good Lumber—Use a Good Saw





Everyone is, to a large extent, his own carpenter. He





can’t do good work with a saw that won’t cut straight,

won’t hold its edge or its shape, sticks in the wood



and is a general nuisance. It costs but little more I”

to own the kind of saw that is a pleasure to use— 3"

the kind that most carpenters use-—





Atkins 533:.” Hand Saws





Silver Steel is made and gas-temper by the Atkins secret





Better steel than you will find in most razors. 'lhe



teeth seldom need filing and the blade springs back into shape



The blade being taper-ground. only the teeth



touch the wood-no binding.” runs fast and easy. The Atkins



Perfection Handle lets the .wrist work without cramping. Try an Atkins—see that it bears

.If it doesn’t prove to be the easiest. cleanest. fastest cutting saw

you ever touched. take it back to the dealer and get your money back.





Your dealer has them or can easily get an Atkins for you. If he is slow about it. write us.‘

A one-cont postal bring a live-cent book. “The Care of the Saw.” and I silver-Ina lie pin tree.





I O U 1“ .

E. C. Atkins & Co. Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. M...‘;§:’.§.§:.i‘.“.:‘.'.°.svvz.n

With branches carrying complete stocks at New York. Chicago. Minneapolis. Portland. Ore..





attic. San Francisco. New Orleans. Memphis. Atlanta and Hamilton. Ont.





 





 





FRENCH DUAL!" BEDS





and Wlnnlnu.





If hot—Why not. Sandi

' for catalogue of Mutings .

R. B. FRENCH. Flushing. Mich. breeding and smotquuity. B. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.





 





EST STRAIN B. C. R. 1. Beds.

pens. 10 cents: B pens. 3 cents: C pens. 5 cents.

Gray African Geese world's best eggs. 40 cents each.





W. T. FRENCH. Ludington. Mich.





Eggs each. A





 





INORCA cockerels at 31 and .2 each. Am book-

ing orders for P. 0. pin. sired by boars of extra





l - '

3 White Wyandottes‘fifi'?‘ P'fiiefitié‘;





.1: 26 for 01.50; 50 for 02.50: M per hundred. Satisfac-





. lion gunnnteed. Colon 0. Lime. Cooponvillo. Mich.





 





from prize wihnlngaAJlay- E $1.01 “- l.ghorn" Eggs 15 for $1: 50 for 82.50: 100





WhllI Wyandoth Eggs ing stock 01.60 per 15 or 82 50

person“. A. Franklin Smith. Ann Arbor.





 





Barred Plymouth Rock:

”:26 for 01.50: 60 for 02.60: I! per hundred. Botinfnc- l

lion guaranteed. Colon C. LI





—Eggl for h-tcb- 5

lug. Price. 15 for l





is. Cooperevllle. Mich.





 





E G G S

STOCK and ECG





White Chino Gccse.





-M. B. Turkey. Pekln Duck. Bar.

Rock. Also M. B. Turkey Toms.

HUPP FARM. Blmlnchum. Mlch.





in Mich. boot White. Silver.

Golden and But! Wynn-

dottes. Rhode Island Reds. Barred Rocks. Pot.,Coch-

ins. Light Brahmas, White 6‘: Block Lon

varieties of Leghorns dc Homburgo. Pe

Cayuya, and Muscovy Blue Swedish White d'L Gra

Call Ducks. Toulouse. Embaen. African. Bronze

E. J. Hakim. Pittaford. Mich.





animus. All

in. Bouen.





 





 





 





 





 





Method of Wiring Frame.

OIJLL'thlOllS of a searon opening at this

period and extruding thru the year. The

object shall be to give such instructions

as 'Will enable the beginner to succeed

right from the start, omitting no import-

ant detail of the season’s work.



General Advice to Beginners.



Don’t go it blind and expect results.

First, buy a good text book on bees and

read it. Talk with people who already”

keep bees and study the habits of the

bees themselves. Do not attempt to fol-





eggu produce layers.

and better layers. 81





“MONEY IN EGGS"?





C. BROWN Leghornl~My method “(fibrin

.Irnngo has developed layers with vigor.



One-third fancier'a price

r30. .2 per 00. 03 per 100. 05

per 200. $7 per 300. J. . McAR’I‘HY. n.3, Enfleld. Ill.





My





 





RED BABIES





each. .15

Chicago. hdionopolis. Kansas City.

troit. Toledo. Eggs .2 to 820 r 15.

GO KING. world’s greatest

eggs and chicksfto a few portion on ashore

at reduced price. Barred Rock. Leghorn. Block

Mlnorca chicks 10c each. .10

Mlnorcos. 15 hens. 1 cooker. . no. Ono lot Block

snarling mole. non lot cook at Do-

. ufl Orpi tons. 1 male. 10 bonl.

ve lots of Rods. ll birds. 12. Also Bed cooker-

el| and females .1 a .



. EDWIN R. EXCISE. Edwardlburg. Mich.





Mlnoroas. 15 hem. 1





 





low the advice of everyone but pay at-





Two lot-





—Rhode Island Rod



baby chicks only 160

r 100 and up. Prize winners Cincinnati.

Milwaukee De-

Owner CHlCA-

a mole. High rope

8.





 





{or :4. Month old. Aprllhatch-





may, . ed chicksgis per 100; May hatched chicks 015 per





100 LMAN A. GREEN. Clukoton. Mich.





Bi t d .

EGG PRODUCTION SOLVED dfwdnyiedtcetfiffifi.

White Diarrhoea eradicated. Book 01. “Ex inihu

Water-gloss preservation.” F. Kelley. Bolton. lch.





UFF ROCK EGGS—01 for 15. Beat farm fowl.

Hardy. Quiet. Good Winter layers. Luge.

WILLIS S. MEADE. R. No. 3. Holly. Mich.





S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS 0‘“ E88 Cir





0 c u is r n o w

ready. it ’s free. Big Birds-Greatest Layers. 15

oockerels yet for sole. FRED MOTT. Lansing. Mich.





SINGLE 00MB WHITE [ENNIS—‘3‘“ munch-





lug. Price 16 for

01:20 for p.50; so for .250: t4 per hundred. sinuso-

tlon guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersville. Mich.





SILVER Golden and White Wyondottea. A nice

9 lot of good cockorela Itill loft. Satisfac-

tion Guaranteed. 0. W. Browning. Portland. Mlch.





 





 





 





 





 





0005.





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the beat English stnlna In Ameri-

ca: 40 years experience in breedlng

those line boom“ for my own sport.

I now offer them for n10.



Send “III; for Catalogue. '

T. I. IUUSPETII. lbm. ”than 60.. lo.





COLLIEB (or Service—Two Registered sable and

white prize-winners and stock workers. No up-





plel at present.

s'co'rcn coLLm PUPS.





FOR SAL Females spayed and kept til

mil. A. C. FREEMAN. Ypsilanti. Mich" RED. 2.





 





 





 





W. J. BOSS. Rocboltor. m h. “





 





 





 





.1





u «5.:_ . .H—“u‘wu
MARCH 20, 1909.





tention only to those. who have made a-





flnancial success of the business. '

Equipment.



Ifgnew at the business, start with one

hive of bees only. ~Buy this late in the

spring from some reliable beekeeper, pre-

ferably one who is making beekeeping

his sole business. Don’t be penny wise

and pound foolish. I am not advocating

extravagance but economy, considering

results acquired. Buy good hives on the

start, of standard size and accurately

made.» Poor hives and equipment are

dear at any'cost. If you are a good me-

chanic you may make your hives after

you have learned what a good hive must

be, patterning after the hives you buy.



In the majority of cases the hives used

are of the standard Langstroth size, now

kept in stock by practically all dealers

in bee supplies. Bees will‘thrive in al-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





are tough and less liable to break while

extracting.‘

To Secure Good Combs.



Two s. cars of extracting combs should

be built for each hive besides the set

of combs used in the brodd chamber. The

object of these combs is to give the

bees room to store their honey until their

owner has time to extract it. and also

to prevent swarming.



Prepare, in advance of the season,

frames filled with full sheets of comb

foundation and wired. The methods of

wiring are described fully in books and

catalogs issued on the subject. A good

way of wiring is shown in an accompany-

ing diagram. Small nails are driven

thru the end bar of the frame about 11/2

inches from top bar and 1 inch from

bottom bar. The wire is strung on the

small bent nails, passing alternately





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Bee Eacdpe





most any style of hive, but, for reasons

which will be apparent later, it is neces-

sary to hold to one shape and size.



The necessary tools for producing ex-

tracted honey are smoker, veil and screw

driver, honey extractor, capping knife

and capping box.



In order that my readers may under—

stand clearly what is mentioned, without

additional literature, I add the accom-

panying sketches with parts of the hive

designated.



Work for Extracted Honey.



The production of extracted honey is

preferable to that of comb honey because

swarming is easier to control.

requires less skill than comb honey pro-

duction and the work is such that it

may be done in spare moments before

and after the busy part of the season.



There may be some who, for other rea~

sons, desire comb honey, and these 1





Queen Exclude? .





It also





 





/

from a, b, c, d; draw fairly tight and tie

at a. The Wire is imbeddcd in the comb

foundation so that the bccs cover it

completely as they build the. foundation

out .into‘comb, thus supporting the comb

within the frame at all times. Comb

foundation is made of pure becs—wax

dipped in sheets and run thru rolls which

give it the form of the dividing base of

the cells in the honey comb. 2y its llsn

more accurately built combs are secured

in about one—half the time required with—

out foundation and the combs, being

supported by wire, are safer to handle.



How to Have the Combs Built Out.



Suppose we have our extracting ‘supcrs

filled with wired comb foundation, and

that the bees just purchased have the

brood chamber of their hive fairly well

filled with honey and brood. This con-

dition should exist about the first wool:

in June in Michigan, beginning with the





 





 





 





 





Boyhood Home of Mr. Cavanagh, with First Aplary Owned and Operated by Him,

in Missaukee Co., Mich.





would advise to produce chunk honcy.

This is simply comb honey in the large

frames, to be cut out as required for

use. Bees work much bettcr in those

large frames and swarm less than when

the small one-pound sections are used.

Remember, however, that I am describ-

ing a system for producing extracted

honey and that running for chunk comb

honey involves considerable swarming.

Combs for Extracted Honey.



The most valuable and necessary part

of the equipment for extracted l1cg1ey is

a good supply of wired combs. The

initial cost is quite an item and combs

are quickly destroyed by the bee moth

if not watched, but rightly cared for

may be used for years. Right here let

me say that it is worse than useless for

a careless, shiftless person to attempt to





keep bees. There is a great deal more

to the business than I can tell here and





it requires intelligent care and. hard

work to make it a success.





been hatched are preferable because they





extracted and used again for the next





clovcr flow. Space. apart and lift out :1

couple of combs from tho broodncst, 11l—

ternating them with frames of founda-

tion in the super.

of foundation r11mov11d from the super

in the brood chamber below, also leaving

one comb of brood bclu'ccn 1111111. Al—

wa3s alternate full sheets of found 1tion1

with combs of biood or honey alrzeld,"

built and the new combs will be built

much more quickly.

is good the quccn 'will soon have brood.

above, and the. combs in the super may

be spread apart, putting the frames of

foundation in between the combs partly

built. When one super is two-thirds full

place a second super on top and raise

combs of honey and brood from the sec—

0111] story to the third exactly as before.

With a good honey flow you will soon be

in possession of two fine sets of extract-

ing combs. A fourth story can be added

in the same manner but will not be

needed in the average locality and sea-



Extracting combs are identical with the son.

brood combs, being built in frames of the combs of honey they are ready to be

same dimensions. In fact, combs in'

which several generations of brood have honey flow, but that is another story





Place. the two f1'11111cs





 





If the honey flow





When the frames are filled with





 





Pains in the Back

Al/cock’s Plaster: have no equal.





Strengthen Weak Backs

as nothing else can.





Coughs, Colds, Weak Luns





as well as a curative.

Prevent colds becoming deep-seated.





«new





Allcock’s Plasters act as a preventive





 





' 11.3) 321





 





Pains In the Side

. Allcock’: Plasters relieve promptly

and at. the same time

stren then side and restore energy.





Rheumatism in Shoulder

relieved by using Al/cock’s Plaster: '

Athletes use them for

Stiffness or Soreness of muscles.





“1‘5 Greatest ExternaI Re





Has relieved and cured thousands 8

Send postal with name and address to 274 Canal St., N. Y., for book of testimonials.





 





 





 





n1 1r our 111 icc, we will feel sure of your order. Don‘t





Why pay more than our priceilf ordered together we send



, both 111 ywhines for $10.00,u11d pay all the freight charges

‘3‘ Hot watt 1', double walls, dead-air space between double 11:1 .1511 doors, cogper

tanks and boilcis, selt- -reg\1lating. Nuisery underneath the egg tray.

Incubator and Brooder shipped con1ple,tc with tncimonieters, lamps, eg - 1:59:

testers—all 111ady to use when you re1 cive tb1 111. All machines guarantee. 3 , .



Paid Incubators axe finished in natur. 11 colors showing the high grade lumber



used—no paint: to cover inferior material. If you will compare our machines with others offered at anywhere





“i. ‘I25 Egg Incubator and Broader 23,!“ SIB





0th





tbuy until you do this—you’ ll save mom y. It. pays to in-





vestigate the ‘Wisconsin” before you buy. Send for the tree catalog today, or send in your ordc rand save time.

WISCONSIN INCUBATOR CO" BOX 89, Racine, WIS.





 





 





 





QUEEN INCUBATORS and BROODERS





 





hatch and raise chickens, better than other kinds. Nearly 90,000 of

They will do the same

for you. Write me for proof. With the Queen it; is easy to b. we

early “friers”and “broilers” when prices are the highest. FiVo

sizes, from 80 to 360 eggs. $8 00 to $18. 50 and I pay the freight.

Binding 5- Year Guaranty and 90 days Free Trial. Send today for





our Machines are px ov1ng this right along.





my free catalog.





Wickstrum, Box 22. Queen Incubator Co.. Lincoln. Nebr.





 





 





 





 





 





lIncubator _

11'a.oor ,

Ever Made ttacine i f

P $4 50 Buys the Best 3. mac:-

Both Incubator and Broader, ordered together,

cost but $11. 50. Freight Prepaid. The Belle

City Incubator has double walls and dead

air space all over, copper tank. hot- avatar

heat, self- regulator, thermometer, egg tester.

safety lamp, nursery, high legs, double door

The Belle City Brooder is the only doublc<

walled brooder made, hot-water heat, plat-

form, metallamp. No machines at any price

. are better. W1 ite for

our book today, or

send the price now

under our guarantee

and save waiting.

Satisfaction

Guaranteed





 





 





Broader

Belle Cit Incubator Co.





 

   





 

 





 





 





Box 14 Racin“ Wis.





 





ONE MAN DOES

WORK OF TWO





With Iron Age Ridingr Culti-

vators. You can do it easier and.

better b1causc they are built on

lines that. make this possible.

Hoes ale 11n111 1 111rfcct control.

Can regulate th and



keep hoes desire dis- ‘

tanco from growing



plants. More ad-





vantzkges in our

BookoulNz'l

REE. 01$ 3

Q P ‘





Plvot or fixed

wheel, wheels

high or low





 





 





Porter 00., Ind.





ing to our advertisers.





F. B_ CAVANAG‘E lMI‘INToN the Michigan Farmer when writ





 





 





just your name and address on ~—

:1 post. 11 brings prices on all sizes

oi celebrated '

Racme Incubators

and Broodcrs . 1311 111nitcd to

hatch highest pc: 1‘1 111 1111 of eggs.





 

 





 





1-11.11 r. II I I’LC I ri. II I' 1. 111. Iicst . “losing: full-“3k, 1

Incubator Proposition on the mar- B liTl l 1.1 ‘1 "

kci. Postal brings all printed 11 ,_ \ 11153.3





 

 





cm or Ixacine





 





matter and prices. at once. Address





Racine Hatcher Company, Box 54, Racinc.Wic.'





 





 

   

 

 





 





- g , . - 1. .

Greldel‘ 5 1111111131, pra1ti1al. liow .

to 111ak1.111o111 y 1Vltl18poul- "

Book i1vzinf01111alion to , ‘





bu1ldin,fzs:4l 1111 it-

11111111. 0 189115113

on POUIII‘y 111 I‘lflI‘lII at:

11“.r11liv111:'l1111111os: \



sixty 111 Olllllli ni. v.11 lo 111 s. 1111‘, post paid.

111111 111111- -l1111l No1 k 111111 eggs allow

1111119.(Illllllll‘ll’filIRMIUIIH'I—a

g sure preventive and an excellent. disin~

fortunt. B. H. GREIDER. Rhcomo, PI.





1311.01“ 11111111 111111111





BUT IS IT FIRE-PROOF? IS IT INSURABLE?

Buy the World‘s Best Hatchcr. Take No Risks.





CYPHERS FlRE-PROOFED INSURABLE INCUBATORS

Ilave be en Ins-111 1 ted and Passed by the Fire Under-

111iters 11.1111 bca 1' their Insurance Label. Free Book

t1 lls all about it. Address nearest office.





CYPHERS INOUBATOR COMPANY, Bull-lo. N. Y.





Boston. Mast: New York Clty; Chic-go. "L;

Kins-s cuy, M0,; Oakland, Cal.





Three Daily Papers





For those who would like to have

three daily papers :1 week, we have ar-

ranged with thc New York Thrice-a-

Week ‘World so that we can offer it with

the Michigan Farmer 11. year for only





 





 

   





   





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





$1.40; that is, both papers 11 year each

for that price. Send orders to us or

thru our agents.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER,

Detroit, Mich.





Send Us 11 Postal for aI’nce’
i

If

i

'i

.J

a;





 





 





l





322 I on





i





The Michigan Farmer





manusnso 1m.





nu unruca runnsnmc 00..





RI Yon: Osman—75 Temple Court Building.

' no 011101—17. m Nat’i Bank Bulidi .

0mm: (Timon—10114015 Omen Ava. ll.





. annex ......-.......................Mne

£2 J fink!“ . ............... ....Vioe-Preudent.





 





 





W. .

M. L LAWRENCE. .......... ............ ...... ry.

P. I'. LAWRENCE ................... ......... .Trealurer.

I. I. WATERBUBY .......... ......... .. z Allociata

0.I.YOUN9 ......

am wmu ...... .. ......... “‘0"-

l. K. HOWE’I‘OE ........... .........Bueinell Manager.





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





Three Years 156 “P": $l.50

11in Year-I104 Copies,‘pem. . . .. mo-





!!depiu. .............................. 15 oil.

33"“ it warm“... ..... . « eta

(la-Ila” cent ayes! “new





 





Alway- eend money by draft. poetotflce money

order. ”$3"; letter. or by agrees. We Ian not

be‘reepe e r money cant lotus. dread



mm to. and make all





all dram.

aw order payable to. the Iowrente

P in: Co. ‘





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



0 cents per line agate meanramant, or 5.60

when. each Insertion. with a reanonabie d ccount

on were amounting to 120 or om. No adv't in-

serted tor lees than 01.20 per ineertion.



No'lottery. quack doctor or ewindiing adver-

t nte inserted at any price.



Inbred ac eeoond clan matter at the Detroit.



Wan. poetoflaa.





CO PYRI 0 HT l908.

”the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned





”Inlet reprinting any portion oi the content:

this line without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to atop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time eubeeribed

for. and we will pay all expeneea for

defending any auit, brot againet

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publleher of any farm

paper, which has been cent after the

time ordered haa expired, providing

due notice ia cent to ue, before cult

ie started.



Avoid further trouble, by refueing

to eubacrlbe' for any farm paper

which doea not print, in each ieeue,

a definite guarantee to atop on expir-

ation of subscription. ,



The Lawrence Pub. Co. '-



Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





DETROIT. MARCH 20. I909.

2:

WHAT YOU ARE GETTING.





 





 





Continual improvement has ever been

the motto of the Lawrence Publishing

Company in publishing the Michigan

Farmer. Each year has marked a steady

increase in the size of the paper and the

amount and quality of the matter which

it contains. The first three months of

the present year have been no exception

to the general rule in this respect. This

first quarter of 1909 has brot as a new

step in that advancement, the 40—page

paper, of which this issue is the second

published this yeah. It is but five years

since our first 32-page paper was pub-

lished. Now papers of this size are 01

frequent occurrence. During the past

three months, in addition to the two

40-page papers above mentioned, the

subscriber has received four 32-page pa—

pers, five 24-page papers, and but one

20-page paper. This is an average of

exactly 29 pages for each issue. Our

guarantee is to furnish a 20-page paper,

weekly for 75 cents a year.



“But,” the reader may say, “a large

amount of the space in thcse issues has

been occupied with advertising matter.”

That is true, but it adds to the value of

the paper to the reader. It is thru this

medium that the wide-awake farmer

keeps posted with regard to the improve—

ments made in the tools, implements

and supplies of all kinds which he has to

buy. In a great majority of cases, too,

the advertising columns in our paper

will save the reader many dollars in the

purchase of needed goods, and in every

case those columns keep the reader

posted as to where he can get needed

goods of all kinds, many of which he

would not know where to buy advan-

tageously if it were not for the advertise-

ments appearing in our columns. The

advertising columns should be read as

carefully as the balance of the paper,

else the undoubted benefit which may be

derived from their regular perusal will

be lost. But apart from this benefit let

us see whether the reader gains or loses

because of their presence. In a 20-page

paper there would be 80 columns of read-

ing matter 'ovjdigg theremwas no ad-

vertising at all, while in this 40—page

paper there is nearly or quite 25 per cent

more than 80 columns of reading matter,

besides the advertising matter which it

contains. And this is not the only point

to be considered in this connection.





cam lime dine‘jn’gl‘n'ie figured eat what

it cost to 'get out the paper and send it

to each subscriber every week for a

year, and found that cost to be just a.

little more than twice the price of a.

yearly subscription.



It will not. take much figuring to con-

vinoe the reader that we could not long





continue to send the paper for 75 cents a





year when it costs more than double that

amount to get it out if this deficiency

Were not made up from some other

source. But the income from the adver-

tising which is published enables us to

do just that, and to keep right on im-

proving the paper from the reader's

standpoint, as that advertising patron-

age increases. not alone in the amount

and quality of the reading matter pub-

lished, but as well in the number and

value of the illustrations which accom-

pany it. Therefore the subscriber should

feel under the greater ebligatibn to care-

fully read the advertisements contained,

in each issue and to purchase from the

advertisers when in need of the goods

advertised. ‘



We are determined, as above noted.

that this improvement shall be constant.

and apparent to the reader each year.

We are constantly getting new contrib-

utors of a high class. and our present

cost for matter published is more than

double what it was a few years ago. Of

course, in the summer season when our

readers are busy we “boil down” the

matter published to the‘greatest possible

degree, so as to economize the reader's

time. and get the-largest amount of use-

ful information into a smaller paper

which he will have time to read, but in

the winter season when the farmer has

more time for reading we regularly pub-

lish issues which average nearly 50 per

cent above our guarantee in size. Even

in the summer season, t-hru the addition

of our magazine section which is a reg~~

ular feature of the paper twice each

month, we have increased the size of the

paper and the amount of good reading

matter which "it contains very mate-

rially. This enables us to furnish the

best of entertaining reading for every

member of the family. In addition to

the contributed reading matter which is

most carefully selected, the opportunity

of asking questions of all kinds relating

to the conduct of.the farm, or the care

and treatment of live st0ck, and of hav-

ing them answered free of charge, is

an additional inducement to the reader.

We now get so many of these inquiries

that it is necessary to answer numbers

of them by mail. All this costs only 75

cents a year, or if the reader chooses to

take advantage of our liberal offer for

a longer time he gets the paper two

years for $1.20 or three years for $1.50.

If you are not now taking the Michigan

Farmer, and chance to see this issue,

kindly spend a few moments in consid-

ering whether you can longer afford to

do without it when it costs so little, and

offers you so much.





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





On another page of



The Old Apple this issue appears an

Orchards. article from the pen of

Mr. Hartman touching



upon the profits to be received from old

apple orchards. This article is being

used as a basis for a bulletin edited by

our experiment station. At the recent

meeting of the state horticultural society

a strong appeal was made to redeem

these old trees from their unproductive

state and thus save to the state the neo-

essity of buying apples from other states.

Mr. Hartman‘s experience is but one of

many instances where profitable results

were received from trees that had been

once abandoned. Some of these orchards

are beyond hope. They should be re-

moved. But the experience of men in

many sections of Michigan go to show

that a far greater per cent of the trees

will respond to care than was formerly

thot. According to our last farm census

the number of acres of apple orchards

in the state was 206.675. A large portion

of this acreage are trees more than

twenty years old. They occupy our best

land. If they cannot be rejuvenated

either young trees should be put in their

place or the land used for other pur-

poses. But the prices paid for apples

the past few seasons and the large home

demand should cause the farmers who

own old apple trees to give the matter

serious consideration. Most of these or-

chards will pay big money for the trouble

and expense needed to supply them with

plant food, to relieve the tops of super—-

fluous wood and to aid them in the bat-

tle with insects and diseases. Any per-





eon or ordiiiary’ithtbli’ifincé andf'alrili- can

do the- work demanded. The fact that

the work' is different their the regular

farm work accounts largely to‘ its not

being donor What is moot needed just

.now is a. leader in every community to

demonstrate what effort along fills line

will do. ' ~ ‘

. The time is near at

The Season’s hand when the season's

‘ Campaign. active work in the fields

‘ must begin. The plans

for the season’s campaign on the for!!!

should be already well formed and the

details of preparation in hand to the end

that no time may be lost at the end of

the season when every day counts in

putting those plans into effect to the

best advantage. Too many farmers ap-

parently fall to appreciate the benefit to

be derived from having a. constant policy

in the conduct of their farms, and go

first into one specialty and then into

another, generally when conditions are

not particularly favorable, only to change

again when they find the profits smaller

than they that. But, fortunately, this is

less generally true than was the case a

few years ago. More good farmers are

every year finding out that such a course

does not pay, and wisely make their

plans in a general way, not for a single

year, but for a series of years, and then

work to make them a success under the

conditions which may arise. Special

lines of production need special equip-

ment to make them most successful and

profitable, and special knowledge is re-

quired on the part of the farmer to make

any particular department of production

yield the highest possible not returns.

This knowledge is annually increased by

experience, as well as by reading, in-

vestigation and study, so that While the

regular season’s campaign may be al-

ready mapped out in a general way, it

may need to be revised in essential de-

tails of execution. This need will make

the wise farmer alert at all times in

order that he may “drive his business

rather than let his business drive him.”

No other state in the union offers a





 





..- l‘“





month-eat? proflered ter the coon-ore!

thewatere ot'the‘ Sultan's than bolero

the, instrument is sanctioned. y

,’ The.“ estimated expense of the English

navy is $16,000,000 above what it



a. year ago. In addition to the four new

battleships of the Dreadnaught type new

building, the government is planning :to

add four more similar vessels in the

year 1910. .



The (business men of Paris and France

are watching with much concern the-

outCOme of the action brot against the

secretary of the electrical union of that

city who, because certain demands were

not granted ordered the lights turned

ofl certain business houses.



0 government of France is confront-

ed with a. large deficit. Besides the

pending claims the pensions allowed by

the chamber of deputies for aged per-

sons and the demands of the employees'

liability act, are to be satisfied. The con-

dition will require that a, large bond

issue he made.



Pedro Ezequiel Rojas, who was OIlCe

driven out of Venezuela. by Ex-Presldent

Castro, has just been made minister to

this country by the present government.



Advice from Berlin shows the situation

between Austria and Servia, to be most

acute. as the former government has

given the latter but a few days in which

to make answer to an ultimatum sent

her- the past week. ,



A11 telegraph operators of the post-

ofi‘lce department of France have been

ordered by the union leaders to walk out.

The action was taken because of the ar-

bitrary and tyrannical methods of the

government dealing with the employees,

a recent communication from the head

of the department being taken by the

men as an insult.



Reports from the frontier between Rus-

sia. and Persia states that a. large force

of Persian troops are devastating the

country on the border and that ten vil-

lages have already been destroyed and

many of the inhabitants killed.





National.



The sixty-first congress convened in

Washington last Monday and organized.

Speaker Cannon was re-elected. The

house rules of the last congress were not

adopted in full but were moderately re—

formed. It now requires a vote of two~

thirds majority to limit debate; one day

of each week has been set aside for the

consideration of bills upon the calendar.

and provision is made for a special cal-

endar from which bills may be brot for-

ward for passage by unanimous consent.



The Texas legislature has repealed the

law passed two years ago laying a heavy

tax upon the sale of pistols. The act

practically suspended the sale of these



5





wider range of production to the tiller gOOd





of the soil than does Michigan, which

fact is doubtless partly responsible for

the tendency exhibited by some farmer-

to be constantly changing their special

line of endeavor. But in like manner no

other location in the country offers

better rewards to the man who will be-

come proficient in the special line of

production which he chooses to follow in

his farming operations. “There is plenty

of room at the top” in any department

of Michigan agriculture, and if our crop

rotation and general farm policy has been

wisely planned, radical changes in the

policy of conducting the farm should be

avoided and that department of produc-

tion which has proven most profitable

under our conditions for a series of years

be gradually extended and improved.

“Plunging" generally pays no better in

farming than in other lines of business.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.



The first month of home government

by theCubans has shown a tendency on

the part of all political parties to work

together in order that it may not become

necessary for the United States to again

intervene. But on the other hand, the

work of the legislature is somewhat dis-

appointing in that the time has been

consumed in considering unimportant

measures while matters of grave import

have been untouched. The executive is

putting the police power of the adminis«

Iration in such condition that any upris-

ing may be dealth with severely should

the occasion demand.



The United States transport Loglan

went aground at Honolulu, last Saturday

night and has resisted efforts to float

her again.



In the elections held in Denmark last

Saturday seven per cent of the persons

clectcd to office were women. Out of the

42 councilmen of the city of Copenhagen,

seven are women.



News comes of the defeat of the gov-

crnmcnt’s troops of Morocco by the forces

of the pretender, Reghi.



Another engagement occurred last

week between vessels belonging to the

Nicaraguan and Salvador governments.

Details of the fight havo not been re—

ported.



A trial trip was made by the Zeppelin

airship from Lake Constance, Germany,

where the operators lifted the machine

to an altitude of 3,000 feet, said to be a

record height for steerable ballons.



The American minister to Chill has

presented gifts of this government to

officials who rescued an American'vcssel

and her crew from the Straits of Magel-

lan in 1907.



The Chinese emergency committee of

England is planning to establish a medi-

cal school at Pckin, China. The direc-





tion of the work is under the control

of Mr. Hart, former inspector general of

customs, of China, who is an English-

man.



The Canadian government will make a

thoro study of' the provisions of the





The Buffalo board of education is about,

to abolish high school fraternities. Ber

cently members were cruelly branded

with the initial-s of one of the organiza-

tions and the action aroused the author-

ities against the clans. ‘



Arrangements are made by the naval

department for installing wireless tele-

graph apparatus on the Atlantic Coast

that will send a message 3,000 miles, and

also to fit out two ships with apparatus

that will send words out for a distance

of 1,000 miles.



Agreement has been reached between

the United States and Great Britain

upon the personnel of the committee to

arbitrate the matters pertaining to the

New Foundland fisheries disputes. The

tribunal will meet April 4 of next year.

.After nine weeks the trial court has

succeeded in getting only six jurymen

gigging the traction case in San. Fran-





Ex-Presldent Roosevelt was given a

farewell by his townsmen 0d Oyster Bay

last Friday evening.



A corporation is being formed for the

control of the lumber carrying business

on the great lakes. Already fifty vessels

are said to be in the merger.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Eaton 00., March 13.——The weather so

far this month. has been quite lamb-like,

with a few cold days, no snow, and as

there is considerable freezing and thaw—

ing it is bad for wheat, rye and new

seeding. Ideal sugar weather, and those

who are so fortunate as to have maple

trees are reaping a harvest of sweets.

Farmers are busy hauling logs to the

mill, and the lumber home, drawing Ina-4

nure, and getting ready for the season‘s

work. More sugar beets were grown

here last year than usual, and the crop

proved to be so profitable that a still

larger acreage has been contracted for

by the Lansing factory. Formerly wheat

was the chief money crop grown, and

when the price fell to 75c or less it was.

dropped and beans substituted. Many of

our farmers grow no Wheat now. Wheat

has been to $1.20, but is $1.15 now; beans

$2.25; oats, 500; rye, 75c; potatoes, 600

to 650; butter, 180 to 200; eggs, 16c to

18c; hogs, $5.50 to $6; clover seed 34.80

to $5. The usual number of auctions and

movings by renters.



Branch Co.-—February was remarkable

for the variety of weather exhibited, the

weather clerk having evidently shown us

samples of every variety of fall, winter

and spring weather he had in stock and

responded promptly to every encore with

something new. Wheat, especially that

sown late, which has but little top to

protect it, suffered seriously from the

continued freezing and thawing, which

also seems determined to kill all newly

seeded clover that escaped the drouth

of last fall. Outlook for hay this year

decidedly poor. Price of wheat booming

now that it is practically all out of the

farmer's hands. Owing to the drouth

last fall cattle went into winter quarters

in rather thin condition and a trip thru

the country at present would indicate

that they had not gained any during the

winter, to say the least. Wheat, $1.20 to

$1.22; oats, 500 per bu: corn, 68c; clover

seed, $4.50: hogs, $5.50 to.$6 per cwt.;

hay $7 to $8. . . .





 





 





 





 





I
I





 





 





 





LITERATURE

- POETRY

HISTORY one

lNFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





‘17re FARM BOY

an? GIRL ‘

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewher





The Making and Distribution of Paper Money





BY H. N. PRICE.





OME persons handle money very in-

differently. If it were vegetables

which the provision merchant meas-



ures in bushels and peeks and dumps

into wagons or barrels or sacks, it

could not be treated with more indiffer-

ence as to its possibilities than it is by

the employes of the United States Treas-

ury. Of the 80,000,000 people in the

United States, the percentage of careless

money-handlers is very small. They do

not exceed probably five thousand. It

is not because these employes have no

regard for money, by, any means, for

they handle money in order to make

money, and the money they handle

means absolutely nothing to them ex-

cept a means of livelihood. Every one

of these employes handles and gazes upon

millions of dollars every working day,

but it means no mom to them than so

many pieces of blank paper.



To the casual visitor at Uncle Sam’s

big shops, however, the process of mak-

ing and distributing money is a con-—

stant source of wonder and, probably,

greed. «It is likely that very many of

the persons who go thru the Bureau

of Engraving and Printing and the

Treasury Department find themselves

wondering how someone might abstract

a few thousand dollars without the gov-

ernment being made aware of the loss.





The progress of paper money, from

the time it leaves the Treasury Depart—

ment in the big safes of the express

companies to the time it is returned,

ragged and old and germ-laden, to be

destroyed in the Treasury Department

—millions and millions of dollars at a

time—is not known to Treasury officials.

The tragedies it has caused, the happi-

ness it has brot are hidden in the bills

themselves. If they could be made to

give up their secrets, what tales they

would unfold. Every thing in life, good

and bad, .is associated more or less with

the history of money. The average life





of paper currency is less than four years,





The large bills—$1,000 and $10,000—1ive

much longer, of course.

twos have the Shortest life. When they

leave the cash room of the Treasury De-

partment they are “things of beauty,"

and some might say, “a joy forever.”

They are at any rate, perfect specimens

of the engravcrs’ and printers’ arts.

But the government officials do know

every step in the progress of each note,

from the'time the blank paper is received

at the Treasury until it receives its final

seal in the Division of Issue. The his-

tory of every note can be traced while

it is in possession of the, officials at





v fields of





The ones and





Washington. And this history is ab-

sorbingly interesting. .



The paper employed for the printing

of bills is a fine, firm quality of linen,

known as “distinctive” paper, manuv

factured under government inspection at

Dalton, Mass. Its delicate, yet tough

fibers, have Ihad a varied history before

receiving the government stamp. The

flax grew, perhaps, in the moist, fertile

Ireland. It was gathered,

bleached, spun and woven l:'1rgely by

woman’s skill. It may have formed at

one time the dainty lingerie; it may have

been the garment of babes; it may have

been the confirmation suits of children

or the graduating gowns of girls. Loving

hands have caressed it, patched it, darned

it, and finally consigned it to the rug

bag. Its mission, however, was not

thereby concluded. lly a process of mod-

ern alchemy it is transformed and issued

anew, not from looms, but from rolls,

to take up another cycle of usefulness.



The sheets of paper on which bills and

bonds are printed are delivered daily by

the Loans and Currency division of the

Secretary’s office to the Bureau of En-

graving and Printing, upon requisition.

From the time the blank sheets ill't‘ dc—

livcred by careful count, until thirty nl:=.\'<





later, when the printed bills are sent to

the Treasury to have the seal printed

thereon, the Bureau must account for

every sheet in its hands. It is counted

when received, it is counted when wet,

when printed on one side; when dried,

when wet again, when printed again,

when dried a second time, when exam-

ined for imperfections, when numbered

—in short it is counted some fifty times

before it finally escapes from the Bureau.

it has become accustomed to being

counted before it starts out into the

world as money, and then it continues

to be, counted until returned, ragged,

dirty, and worn out——countcd to death—-

only to be again counted and destroyed.



In the engraving division of the Ru-

reau every form of security issued by

the. governmcub-notes, bonds, checks.

drafts, internal l'evcnue stamps, and

commissionssr have their origin, and

the most artistic anal skilled cngravcrs

in the world are, employed. In no other

form of printing,r can the. beautiful soft:

and yet strong effects in black and while

he obtained as in steel engraving. The

employes of the, engraving division are

classified as portrait, script, square let—

tor, and ornamental cngravers. Each has

his own special work to do, and the in-

dividual excellencics and characteristics

of :1 numhcr of mcn are impressed upon





 





 





1. Where’the plates are engraved; Bureau of Engraving.

3. Where the bills are numbered; Bureau of Engraving.





each working day.





f





 





Where Our Paper Money is Made and Started in Circulation.





2. Press room in the Bureau of Printing.

4. Cash room in the United States Treasury, at Washington.





Here millions of





dollars in currency are printed
Q

,3

Q

Q





 





' . assz<t





 





 





‘ ‘s

i

‘i





 





=‘(io)





every bill issued. Therefore it would be

as difficult for one man to makea per-

fect reproduction of a government plate

as it is for a person to reproduce an

exact facsimile of his own signature,

which, strange as it may seem, has never.

been accomplished.



The various parts of the engravings

which appear on the face and back of

notes are separately engraved on soft,

decarbonized steel of the finest quality

——the portrait by the portrait engraver,

the lettering by the letter engraver, the

script by the script engraver, the lathe

or cycloid work having been previously

produced by the geometric lathe. This

intricate piece of mechanism so complex

as to make a description of it impossible,

produces the interwoven lines which sur-

round the denomination counters and

borders on notes and bonds. This lathe

work was introduced to circumvent

counterfeiting, and for many years, up

to the time of the counterfeiting of the

8100 silver certificate by Arthur Taylor,

of Philadelphia, in 1897, it was generally

considered that the lathe work was the

best check on counterfeiting. But Tay-

lor so successfully reproduced the most

intricate lathe work by a mechanical

process of his own invention that it de-

fied many of the best experts of the

Treasury Department.



The best possible check on counter-

feiting is the portrait. which also is

indispensable as a distinctive mark of

identification. After the several engrav-

ers have completed their work, proofs

of the various parts of the engravings

are made by expert printers, and it

these are satisfactory, the plates go to

transferrers who, on specially prepared

decarbonized steel rolls, make, by a

special process, an impression from the

die, the engraving appearing as a relief.

From these positive rolls which also are

hardened, the plate for printing is made.

Great skill is required to assemble the

various parts of the engraving so as to

connect and form a perfect note, as

no erasures can be made by the trans-

ferrer. After assembling, a certain

amount of handwork is done by the let-

ter and ornamental engravers to unite

the different parts into one artistic

whole. The original steel die when com-

pleted represents a year's labor.



The plates used in printing contain

four separate engravings so that four

notes can be printed at one impression.

These notes are numbered A, B, C, D,

etc.; near each letter is a number which

is used by the Bureau for identification,

and by means of which can be ascertained

a complete history of the plate used in

printing the note, by whom engraved,

printed, etc. Each die, roll and plate has

a number in sequence stamped upon it.

In the custodian’s office complete records

and the history of more than 21,000 dies,

16,000 rolls and 23,000 plates are on file.

Once a year this office is audited and

checked by a committee appointed by

the Secretary of the Treasury. This

work usually -onsumes three' months'

time. After finding the records correct,

the committee receipts to the custodian

for all obsolete dies, rolls and plates

which have become worn by use or no

longer serviceable on, account of legisla-

tion. These are carefully checked and

packed in sealed boxes and then taken

to, the Navy Yard in W‘ashington where

they are totally destroyed by melting in

a blast furnace. Last year the commit~

tee destroyed 4,048 pieces of engraved

work, packed in 267 boxes, and weighing

38,500 pounds.



Each morning the custodian issues all

plates to the printing division and all

dies, rolls and plates necessary to the

engravers on requisition, and he receipts

for them upon their return at the close

0; the day’s work, when they are stored

in two large steel, fireproof vaults of

modern construction protected by time

locks. The 23,000 plates represent all

classes of work, including commissions,

checks, drafts, portraits of deceased

members of Congress, certificates, dip-

lomas, inaugural souvenirs, national bank

currency, United States and treasury

notes, gold and silver certificates, bonds,

cigar, cigarette, tobacco, postage and

other stamps. When plates are issued in

the morning receipts are taken for them

and those charged with them are not

permitted to leave the building until they

are returned to the custodian‘s office and

checked off. The system of checks and

rules is so perfect that in the history

of the Bureau not a single plate has

gone astray.



The manufacture of “distinctive" paper.

with its double row of red and blue silk

fibers pressed into the surface is a skilled

process calling for fine machinery and





the best of raw’material. The process

of preparing the paper for the printer

also requires skill and experience. The

wetting. room of the Bureau of Engrav-

ing and Printing looks not unlike a laun-

dry., Here the bundles of paper as re-‘

ceived from the treasury are opened,

counted and separated into packages of

twenty sheets each. A damp cloth is

placed betWeen’ each package’ and thc





 





 





The backs of- notes are printed first.

and after this the sheets must be dried,

then wet again before the faces are

printed. After printing and drying, the

sheets are carefully examined by trained

experts who remove all imperfect ones.

A spot, a stain, a light or uneven im-

pression that would escape the ordinary





observer, is sufficient to disqualify it for





use as money. All condemned sheets are





The Money Morgue—did, Worn-out Bills Ready to be Destroyed.





paper is allowed to stand for several

hours that it may absorb the moisture

from the cloths. The sheets are then

shifted and placed under heavy pressure

and gradually prepared for printing. It

is in this room that the counting begins,

and it has been fifteen years since a

single sheet of paper has gone astray.

One sheet on that occasion could not be

accounted for. It may have been lost in

the vat; it may have been a miscount on

delivery to the Bureau; but no theory,

explanation or apology would serve.

There is no overlooking mistakes in

the Bureau. The fault, if fault there

was, could not be found and the employes

of the wetting room had to pay for the

sheet as tho it had been printed.





Nearly a thousand persons are engaged

in the printing. Plate-engraving has

changed but little since its invention in

Italy about 400 years ago. The ink.

specially prepared for the purpose, is

rolled over all the plate, filling all the

depresgions as well as covering the

smooth surface. The pigment is then

rubbed off the smooth surface with the

bare hand, leaving the lines filled. From

this the impression is made by the

printer. The operation looks easy, but

great skill is required to produce perfect

work. It requires years of hard work

and study to become expert in plate

printing. A large part of the currency is

printed on hand presses.



At intervals for many years attempts

have been made to introduce steam

presses, but the printers showed con-

clusively that the best work can not be

done on “steamers." Machinery has not

yet reached that state of perfection that

it can operate as intelligently or with





the skill that an expert plate printer can.

Improvements are continually being

made, however, and some of the most





expert printers have done almost as good

work on the steamers as on the hand

presses. The labor required in plate-

printing is extremely exhausting and in

summer it seems impossible that human

beings can stand the heat to which the

printers are subjected. Plate-printers

are paid good wages, but they earn all

they make. Each printer has ,a. young

woman assistant, whom he pays out of

his own earnings, and whose duty it is

to lay on the paper.

to print 1,000 sheets of bills or stamps.

1.050 sheets of paper are issued, as there

is, of course, likelihood of spoiling sheets

in the wetting, printing or numbering.





With every order '





sent to the destruction committee for

maceration. v I



The new crisp bills,

sheet, are then fed thru a numbering

machine by girls. These machines are

the invention of the employes of the

Bureau and there is no limit to the num-

bers. The sheets, being a little wider

than the printed note when they come

from the press, are trimmed to a uniform

size, and even these narrow strips, the

selvages of sheets, have to be accounted

for and delivered to the destruction com-

rnittee.



The money is now resized. It has been

wet so often that much of the original

finish is lost and it is not in condition

to resist the wear‘ and tear thru which

it is to pass. The sheets are passed

thru a. bath of specially prepared glue,

alum and other ingredients, and then are

subjected to heavy pressure, after which

they are tied into packages and sent to

the Treasury.



However, it is not money. It is noth—

ing more than a fine specimen of the

engravers’ and printers' arts. Before it

is fit to pass as money it must have

the seal of the United States Treasury

affixed. Some years ago this seal was

placed on all currency—printed on the

notes—at the Bureau of Engraving and

Printing. But the Bureau was not the

place of issue. The money first had to

be sent to the Treasury Department,

from which place it was shipped to the

sub-treasuries, national banks, etc. Con-

rad Jordan, who was Treasurer of the

United States, became uneasy that so

much money as the Bureau turned out

every day should be carried thru the

streets of the city, and after much de~

liberation he ordered that presses should

be set up in the Treasury Building and

that the seal and numeral should be

placed on the notes there. The result

is that now the finishing touches are

placed on paper money almost under the

eye of the Secretary of the Treasury and

the Treasurer of the United States, the

latter being responsible for all the cash

in the Treasury.



The Division of Issue was established:

and the growth of this division is a good

barometer of the money situation, and of

the growth of the industries and increase

in circulation. From a comparatively

small division it has grown to be one of

the most important of the Treasury De-'

partment. When the present chief of this

Division, James A. Sample, took charge,





four on each.





mack 20.1909. ~





the employes *were handling forty .Mck-

ages ‘of notes, each package?" containing

100 sheets of four notes ‘each, which was

the daily delivery from the Bureau of





 

 

 

 





 





Engraving and Printing. Today this Di- .





vision is turning out 180 packages. It

has been necessary to put on day and

night forces, and since the money strin-

gency came on the plate printers have

been required to work overtime. The





day force goes to work at 8-o‘clock in-=





the morning and quits at 7 in the evening

——eleven hours’ continuous work, barring

a half hour at noon. This, it is agreed

even by the Treasury and Bureau offi-

cials, is too much work to require of any

men, and far too much of the printers

whose work at its‘easiest is the most

arduous and exhausting of any employes

in the government service.

Every morning the big steel

that takes the new money to .the Treas-

ury and brings back the old, wornout

notes, draw-s up in front of the Bureau

and 180 packages of the paper money are

dumped into it——just a few million dol-

lars, that’s all—and this wagon, guarded

by four strong men, not secret service

officers, as the guide books tell you, goes

slowly to a basement door of the Treasury

Department, and while thou-sands of gov-

ernment clerks are passing on their way

to work and hundreds of other pedes-

trians are hurrying along, this uncom-

plated money is délivered at the oflice

of Mr. Sample. The packages are taken

to the counting room, where fifteen young

women, specially trained, and paid from

$600 to $720 a year, unwrap it and count

it. From the counting room the sheets





——four notes on a sheet—are taken into





the press room, where

presses are in operation. Forty-five em-

ployes, including pressmen, feeders and

laborers, are in this room, and here the

money becomes legal tender. Notes of

all denominations—ones, twos, fives, tens,

twenties, fifties, hundreds, and so on—

are fed rapidly by the deft fingers of

pretty young women into the mouths of

these avaricious presses, reminding one

that later thousands of human beings

will even more greedily stretch out their

hands for the coveted bills. As fast as

the numerals and seals are printed on.

the notes are carried to another set of

young women and again counted. Each

of the fifteen presses turns out abou

13,000 impressions a day. '



From the second set of counters, the

sheets are taken to the separating room,

where there are twenty-three machines

for separating and trimming the notes.

The separator feeds the sheets into the

machine, and then they are quickly gath-

ered up and counted into packages of

one hundred notes each and strapped

with narrow bands of paper. The forty

packages of one hundred notes each are

wrapped into a bundle, pressed tightly

together and sealed. A bundle thus may

contain forty packages of one hundred

$1 notes each, or it may contain the same

number of 8100 notes, ranging in value

from $4,000 to $400,000. These packages

measure about six by eight inches and

weigh approximately 1?, pounds. The

currency is now ready to be delivered to

the cash room of the Treasury.



Upon delivery at the cash room, or

Division of Cash, of which Mr. E. R.

True is chief, or cashier, the bundles of

notes are receipted for and then removed

to the reserve receiving vaults. It is

the aim of the Treasurer to have on hand

«sufficient notes to last six months. It is

desirable also that the notes remain in

the reserve vaults several months in

order to dry thoroly before being placed

in circulation. The amount of money in

the reserve vaults, of all denominations—

from ones to ten thousands—approximates

$220,000,000.



Opposite the reserve vaults are the

cash vaults, to which the reserve money

is transferred when placed in the cash

account of the Treasury. From the cash

vaults is taken all the money paid out

over the counters of the Treasury cash

room, and from these vaults also, upon

requisition from the superintendent of

the shipping room, Mr. W. J. Manning.

go all the notes that are shipped out thru

the country to the sub-treasuries and

banks.



When a bank or sub—treasury sends an

order for new notes in exchange for old

notes, the order is transmitted to the

shipping room, after it has been properly

charged on the books. Mr. Manning

thereupon makes a requisition upon the

cash room and the notes are delivered

to him. They are wrapped carefully and,

placed in sates, when they are delivered

to the express companies. Some notes

are sent also by registered mail, but



(Continued on page 328). '





fifteen rotary





wagon ‘
MARCH 20, 1909.





JIMMY TUTTLE'S SIGN.





 





BY HOWARD BAN NON.





Jimmy Tuttle was making some pur-‘

chases for his mother, at the village

store. The usual quota of loafers were

there and this morning they were more

talkative than usual. . The report that

there was a case of smallpox. only a few

miles away had thrown them into a.

fever of excitement. Jimmy's young ears

caught a lot of words concerning a quar-

antine and such things as that. The

thing that impressed itself upon his mind

most, however, was the fact that a sign

bearing the name of the dreaded disease

was plainly displayed upon the front of

the homes of those people who were

quarantined.



Jimmy was .one of those boys who are

always busily engaged at'some task, and

as soon as he reached home he procured

a piece of cardboard. By using liberal

quantities of shoe polish he soon had the

word “smallpox” painted thereon. Prob-

ably he desired to take time by the fore-

lock and have a sign in readiness for

any possible emergency. ‘ ,



When the sign was completed, it was

but proper it should be given a trial in

order that any possible defects might

be remedied. Taking the sign around to

the front of the house, Jimmy tacked it

to one of the veranda posts and, walking

down to the front gate, surveyed the

result of his labor with evident pleasure.

To Jimmy’s youthful eye the sign was

a complete success. He thot that it

would be a good plan to have a few more

in readiness so that, if necessary, the

barn and other outbuildings ,might be

properly adorned also. At this point in





his musings, the announcement that the ,





noonday meal was in readiness was

heard. That was something that re-

quired his immediate attention and he

did not take the time to remove his

sign. Little did he think that the bit

of cardboard was destined to be the

cause of a great deal of excitement.



During the meal Jimmy asked and re-

ceived his mother’s permission to spend

the afternoon with some boy friends who

lived nearby. The youthful mind does

not usually grasp but one plan at a time,

and Jimmy departed without giving any

further thot to his sign. Mrs. Tuttie

cleared away the dishes and then went

into the front part of the house.~ She

seated herself by a window where she

could see the front gate and gave her

attention to the fancy work in which

she was interested. ,



“If there don't come Miss Sanders,”

Mrs. Tuttle said to herself as that lady

opened thegate and started up the walk

toward the house. “Now I’m in for a

whole afternoon of her tiresome tales.

I’ll hear all of the neighborhood gossip

and scandal. \Vislf I had gone over to

Mrs. Mason‘s this afternoon."



But, after all, Mrs. Tuttie was not to

have Miss Sanders’ unwelcome company

forced upon her, for when that gossipy

lady reached a point midway between

the gate and the house she suddenly

turned and ran back, out at the gate and

down the road as if pursued by some

ferocious beast.



“\Vhat on earth can be the matter

with Miss Sanders," mused the aston-

ished Mrs. Tuttle as she watched the

mad flight. “Surely, she must have

gone daffy. XVcll, I am glad that I shall

not have the afternoon spoiled by her

presence.”



While Mrs. Tuttle sat there musing

about Miss Sanders‘ strange antics she

saw another neighbor come in at the

gate but, when she neared the house,

she, too, turned and hurried out and

down the road. The people of the neigh-

borhood must be going crazy, thot Mrs.

Tuttie. Laying aside her fancy work

she rocked back and forth in her chair

while trying to think of some cause for

the strange actions of her neighbors.



After half an hour or so Mrs. Tuttle

saw the minister coming down the road.

driving his antiquated horse along at the

usual slow gait. “Now,” thot Mrs. Tut-

tle, “Mr. Barton Will probably stop, and

maybe I can learn what has got into

the people.”



Sure enough, the good minister stop-

ped and, climbing out of his buggy, se-

cured the horse to the hitching post.

With his usrial dignity he opened the

gate and came stalking up the walk.

’When he had nearly reached the steps

he suddenly threw up his hands and,

turning, started running toward the gate

With all the speed that he could com-

mand. Catching his foot against some-

thing, he stumbled and fell; his high hat

and glasses flew off and went tumbling

d0wn the walk before him. Hastily





scrambling to his feet, the 'minister





gathered up his scattered belongings,.





rushed out at the gate, unhitched the

horse, leaped into the buggy and went

tearing down the road at a gait that was

probably as much of a surprise to the

horse as to the astonished Mrs. Tuttie.



At this third sh wing of what seemed

to Mrs. Tuttie as unacy, that lady thot

there might possibly be some reason for

the strange antics, so she stepped to the

door and made an inspection. Not a

thing that was in the least out of the

ordinary could she see. Jimmy’s sign

was placed in such a position that it did

not show except to those who approached

from the road.



Mrs. Tuttle again returned to her chair

by the window, but she was so mystified

and excited by the way the callers had

acted that she could not bring her thots

to the fancy work. Several people passed





THE”M1‘CHIGAN ”FARMER.





by but they seemed to be in an awful

hurry. They would cast a furtive look

at the house and then quicken their

pace as if they feared that something

would start after them. These strange

actions so alarmed Mrs. Tuttie that she

determined she would gig to the door and

call to the next person she saw passing

by. In a. few nrinutes she saw Mr. Jen-

kins, an acquaintance of theirs, coming.

Stepping to the door she called out:

“Good evening, Mr. Jenkins.”



“Good even-ing,” answered that gentle-

man as he kept walking ahead.



“If you are not in too much of a

hurry, I would like to speak to you a

moment,” said Mrs. Tuttie as she came

out upon the veranda.



“Don’t come near me,” exclaimed Mr.

Jenkins as he broke into a run and soon

vanished from her sight.



“Surely,” thot Mrs.





Tuttle, “there





 





 





MODERN ART—“MASTERPIECES” OF AN “lNK-BLOT" ARTIST.‘





BY BIARY





Would you think that any good could

come of an ink blot? And yet it can be





used—if it is made on purpose to be

used, and made in the right way.

Children can be amused on rainy days





ROLOFSON.

prised to see the result, and perhaps you

will be surprised, too.



Common cheap paper is better than

glazed paper. Even brown wrapping pa-

per is better than that which is very





 





with them. I know this sounds like giv~

ing them a hammer and a lookingglass

to amuse themselves with. But if they

are not very small children no great

damage need be done. Providevthem a

suitable place, and a cloth to wipe their

fingers on if they should chance to need

wiping, then let them have a bottle of

ink, a pen, and a piece of paper.



. If they drop a drop of ink on a sheet

of paper and then fold the paper thru

the middle of the blot they will be sur-





smooth, as the ink should have a chance

to spread.



After a little the children will try to

make designs. By pressing the finger on

the folded paper lengthwise the figure

can be made long and narrow, and by

pressing the ink out from the fold the

figure can be made broad. If the sheets

of paper are long enough to prevent any

possibility of the ink running beyond

the edge, and if the children do not get

hasty and careless, no ink need be spilled.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Two Tennessee Boys, Charles and Cecil Phillips, and their Oxen.





My brother and I have a nice yoke of

steers nearly two years old; we call

them Joe and Wheeler. We work them

on the sled and harrowing. Papa put

them to an old hack one day, and

started to drive them around. My lit—

the baby brother was in the hack. Pa~

pa made a short turn, it fell over but

never hurt Paul. He has not drove them

any since.



I am twelve years old and Cecil is

nine. We had a runaway last summer.

We had started to the house with the

wagon, ladders on the wagon. Coming

down hill they slipped forward. I was





locking and (‘ccll driving. The steers

got so fast the ladders began to jump.

They turned a corner, the pieces began

to fly. Cecil fell off and cracked his

skull.” the doctor said, but he is about:

well now. I swung to the hind bolster

and staid on until the steers jammed up

in the big gate, tho there were only three

wheels to the wagon and two pieces of

the ladders when they stopped. I tell you

I was scared. I was just sure Cecil was

killed, for he was right under the wheel

when I passed over him on the wagon——

Charles Elmer Phillips, Washington Co.,

Tenn.





(17) 325





must .be something wrong with something

or somebody.

doings before. I wish that Mr. Tuttie or

Jimmy would come home. Maybe they

could tell me whether I am crazy, or ii

the neighbors have lost their senses."



By this time Mrs. Tuttie was in such

a‘state’of excitement that she paced

back and forth from one window to an-

other, watching the passers-by and won-

dering what could be the trouble with

them. Looking far down the road she

saw a man coming, and he seemed to be

carrying a banner such as those that

are sometimes carried in a political par-

ade. As the man drew near she saw

that it was Hiram Jobe, the politician

and general all-around office holder, who

lived in the nearby village. Years of

ease had given Mr. Jobe such a rotundity

that he made a ridiculous appearance

as he came strutting down the road

bearing his strange burden. Reaching

the gate leading into the Tuttle yard, he

opened it and walked in. Taking a few

steps toward the house he stopped and

proceeded to plant the end of the pole

that supported the banner into the soft

earth by the side of the walk.



Mrs. Tuttie now made another effort

to learn the cause for the strange man~

ner in which people had been acting

during the afternoon.



“Good evening, Mr. Jobe,” she said as

she stepped out on the veranda. Mr.

Jobe, however, made no reply but ran

toward the gate when he heard her

voice. So hurried was his flight that he

did not take time to open the gate but

leaped over the top and landed in an

undignified heap by the roadside. In a

second he was again on his feet and

flying down the road, hat in hand, as

tho a band of blood-thirsty savages were

in close pursuit.



This performance so excited Mrs.

Tuttle that she sank down on the steps

and gazed after the fleeing man until

he had passed from her vision. Gather-

ing her scattered with together, she went

down to inspect the strange looking ob-

ject that now adorned their front yard.

Upon the side of the sign that faced the

road, she saw, painted in huge, wobbly

red letters, the following inscription:



SMALLPOX—KEEP OUT.



A piece of paper was pinned to one

corner of the sign. Taking that off, Mrs.

’l‘ut‘tlo read the. following notice, writ—

ten in Hiram .Iobc's best legal stylc:



To whom it may concern:wJVhorcas,

it has come, to the notice of the, under»

signed, who is the, duly constituted health

officer of this district, that there now

exists in the household of one Christopher

'l‘uttlc, a case of smallpox, the under-

signed deems it best to take some steps

to prcycnt the spread of the above men-

tioned disease. Therefore, all members

of the family of the said Christopher

Tuttie are forbidden to leave. the prom—

ises of the said Christopher“Tuttie until

such time as this order shall be re—

voked. HinAn JOBE,



Health Officer.



‘What could all of this mean? Small-

pox in her family and she did not know

it. In terror. Mrs. ’I‘uttle turned and fled

toward the house, only to sco Jimmy’s

Sign staring down from its place on the

veranda post. It took only :1 few mo—





ments to recognize the production as





being that of her son. She was quick of

perception and it soon dawned upon her

whirling brain that this sign had been





the. cause. of the strange actions of her

neighbors.



Miss Sanders had, of course, taken

pleasure in making use. of the oppor—

tunity offered her for spreading the news.





In a Short while sin: had aroused the

entire community by the dreadful story.

\thn the report rcuchcd the cars of

Hiram Jobe, that gonth-man had seen a

possible chance for coycring himself with





glory, also of earning a foo. The result

was the sign erected upon the Tuttie

lawn.



“Just wait until Jimmy comes home,"

angrily exclaimed Mrs. Tuttie as she tore

her son’s sign down.





A LITTLE FINANCIER.





 





BY MAUnE E. s. IIYMERS.

“Pudding first? Oh, no!” said Mama,



“\Vait until the dinncr's past.

You must do as grown—ups do, dear,





Save the good things till the last.

Day by day had “Tillie lislcncd

To advice like this, until





Once, or twice he lost his pudding,

Having early ate his iill.





This made Willie somewhat wary,

And in musing on his wrong,

He resolved to do as grown—ups—.

Play a trick to help along.

So when next they sat at dinner

And the savory soup was passed—

“Brmg my pudding, please,” said Willie,

“Save that good soup till the last!”





I never saw such strange,
3.9.6 I at» ‘





WHERE THE ARBUTUS GROWS.





 





. BY HATTIE WASHBUBN.





The first of nature’s train to bloom,

E’en while the chill wind blows,

To fill the air with its rare perfume

The‘sweet arbutus grows. .





Deep in the woods,

trees,

Nature a mantle throws

O'er_ the ground,‘a mantle of leaves

Where the arbutus grows.





’neath grand old





There the voice of nature I can hear,

Her sweetest mood she shows,



And speaks to me in accents clear

Where the arbutus grows.





I wander there and leave behind

Life’s weary cares and woes,

Refreshed in body and in mind

Where the arbutus grows.





TOLD ON THE TRAIN.





 





13v MARY M. CUBRIE‘R.



I have always been very fond of trav-

eling. I like to see different places and

I like. to meet all sorts of people. I

always take a book along but I seldom

read much. A book does well enough

when the scenery gets to be too much

of the same thing for a long stretch, or

when people won’t do or say anything

interesting- And sometimes they won't.

It’s provoking, it’s very proviking, when

you are on the lookout for something to

happen, to find a car full of well-dressed,

good—looking, odinary people, any one of

whom, for aught you know, might live

on your own street, in your own city.

And it’s handy to have a book for such

emergencies, tho they don’t often arise.



I had come to the conclusion that my

fellow-travelers were all of the unenter-

ftaining sort on‘one trip over the Union

Pacific, and I was just trying to fix my

attention on the fortunes ofthe Edwin

and Angelina of my story, when we

steamed into Cheyenne. I glanced out

and was turning to my book again when

chaught a word from a conversation

between two men who sat in the seat

behind me.



“Every time I strike Cheyenne,” the

man who sat next to the window was

saying, “I am reminded of ‘Dave Hill.”



The other man leaned forward to

catch a glimpse of the city.



“You might as well look in your hat,”

laughed the one who had spoken first.

“You won’t see him out -there.”



My hopes revived. \Vas the old chap

going to Spin a yarn? Even a dull one

at such a time would be something. And

then to overhear it, to snatch it as it

was passing, so to speak, would add a

little to the flavor of it, whatever it

should prove to be. I closed my book

and looked out of the’window again, for

that brot my ear where it could hear the

possible story a little easier.



”Vi’hat was he?” asked the man by the

aisle, “a crippled boot-black or a silver

king?” '



“What was he? The most real, gen-

uine, unadulterated scoundrel that ever

I saw. He was raised in the cast, but

he came out here so as to have more

room. He didn’t get what he came after,

tho. It turnvd out just the other way.

We narrow«~;l him down to his six feet

of earth in short metre.”



I settled down into the corner of the

seat, put nty elbow on the Window-sill

and pretendrd to watch the landscape

with the drwpr-st interest.



“It‘s queer how these black—hearted

rascals always have to have some poor,

good, simple wmnan to think the world

of ’(1111; now. ain't it.”



The man lw the aisle assented and “if:

other went ull.





“Dave’s onl- frienrl wus his silly old

mother, as huuwi a mvvi'lnl as Dave was

dishonest, and that’s saying (‘lltvuglu Sire

just about \\'o1~>hippvd him. \l'hcn he





came out here she had to come, tOH. And

along with hm- came a boy that had

been living with them. His mother had

been a friend of Dave’s mother, and the

woman had died when Adamthhey al-

ways called him Ad.~—\vas a baby. The

follow wasn’t over-bright, and Dave’s

mother had always taken care of him.

By the time they came to Cheyenne he

was almost a man in size and was able

to do a great deal for her and for Dave.

I reckon he did a good deal more for

her than Dave did, if the facts could be

known, but he never got any credit for

it, not even from the old lady herself.

She didn’t mean to be hard on him, but

she was so bound up in Dave that she

couldn’t se anybody else.”



I was thinking of opening my book

about this time, but the man by the aisle

asked, “What happened to him at last?

How did he. come to his end?"



I thot I would wait a minute to see

what was coming.





“Well, replied the other, "I suppose the

Indians were partly responsible, the they

didn’t finish him. We white folks had

that honor. But he probably would have

lived longer, if he had let the Indians

alone. He cheated them some way in a

horse trade. I can’t tell you all the par-

ticulars of the business, for I was in

Denver then. But the details don't mat-

ter.» He cheated them terribly; that’s

the main thing. And' they struck out

to get even with him."



“Dave had the horses. Perhaps he

had stolen them, or perhaps he had paid

for them in counterfeit money—he had

been known to try both of those games—

but, anyway, he had the horses and he

didn’t dare to keep them any longer.

He might have had a suspicion that the

men would be looking for him. 'But,

anyhow, he told Ad. one morning that

he’d sold a. pair of horses to a man that

lived about sixty miles north of him, and

that he wanted him to take the horses

off. The boy thot nothing of it, and off

he started as chipper as a bee.”





"Well, sir, to make the story short,

for you can imagine what became of Ad.

as well as I can, The boy never came

back, and he never was seen again by

any of them. The man that had bot the

the horses turnedtout to be another of

Dave’s numerous inventions. An Indian

in his natural state is no great stickler

for ceremony, and if they got their horses

back they probably didn't care much

whether it was Dave or somebody else

that suffered." ' .



"Probably no " said the other.



“I suppose you never saw a man

lynched," continued the man by the

window.



His friend never had.





~ “I tell you, a lynching is a terrible





thing. You can’t get hold of the idea

at all to pick up your paper and read

about one. But when you’re there your-

self—well, once is enough.” '



‘fWas Dave lynched?” . , .



“That‘s just it, exactly. And he de-

served it, if ever-a man did. This last

trick of his was no worse than some of

the others. This was the last straw, and

the people made up their mindsthat they

wouldn't stand any more. I don't be.-

lieve in lynching, tho, and I didn't then.

I didn’t know what was up an it was

too late to do anything, and I couldn’t

have helped matters, anyway.”



“There was a good deal of talk and

inquiry among the neighbors and towns-

people as time went by and Ad. didn’t

come back. He was one of those good

natured boys that always make friends

wherever they are, and he was missed a

good deal. Dave's mother took it ter-

ribly to heart. She kept expecting him

long after folks told her it wasn’t any

use, and She worried and worried till she

Was almost sick a—bed.



“She didn’t dream of such a thing as

that Dave had anything to do with his

disappearance, and she wasn’t shrewd

enough to know that anybody else would

suspect him; so she told of everything

just as she understood it. It happened

that Ad. had told her the name of the

man that he was taking the horses to,

and it was easy to find out that there

was no such man in the town. It was

believed that Dave had sent the boy

off, knowing that, in all likelihood, he

would be found by the Indians while the

horses were in his posseSSion, and that

he would be murdered by them. And

they agreed that such a. man was too

mean to live.



“It was the plan to keep things per-

il «lily secret; but one of the fellows was.

ivolish enough to tell his wife, and she

“as so struck with pity for poor old

Mrs. “all that she came near upsetting

the whole business. And it, did seem a

little tough when you took her feelings

into account. It was bad enough for

her to lose Ad. without having this hap~

pen. The woman even proposed that

they wait till the old lady was dead, and

then lynch him. But everybody knew

that that would amount to not lynching

him at all, and they wouldn’t listen to

her.



“The night set for the affair was one

Sunday night. They made up their

minds not to take him from his own

home, out of consideration for his

mother; they thot that they could get

him to one of the neighbor's houses, on

some pretext or other, and take him

there.



“Well, sir, it worked as finely as the

most of them could have wished. They

got up their little excuse, and Dave came

right along as willing as you please.

His mother happened to be feeling a

good deal more cheerful that night than

she had at any time since she gave Ad.





' Ferns: MICHIGAN :_.F 4-





MER. 2

upr'for- dead; But it hasn't anyuse to

think about her. They» had decided on

their- course, and everything was all

planned out. There was nothing to be

done now but to go ahead. »-



“Dave never suspected a. thing of what

was going on. 'He was taken completely

unawares, so it was an easy matter to

get hold .of him. He made what defense

he could when-he did realize what was

up. .He really did himself credit. But

it was no .use, under the circumstances,

and with those men. It was a crowd that

meant business, and they soon had him

led off to a tree.



“They gave him a few minutes to say

his prayers in, or to make his will, or

to attend to any little business that he

might have a mind to, but there he stood

as glum as a knot on a log and never

said a word. I’ll et he was a sight—a

I' wasn‘t there in elf, then—standing

there in the dim light, with that group

of men around him. He was over six

feet tall and well-proportioned, and I’ll

bet he looked majestic, if he was at their

mercy. ‘



“But just about half. a. minute before

the time that they had agreed to give

him was up, such a yell broke out on

the air as made even Dave himself jump;

and, sir, if you’ll believe me, Dave’s old

mother rushed up with Dave’s best gun,

and she let off at them like mad!



“Well, sir, you’ve got to imagine it,,

that’s all. I can no more deacribe it

than I can paint the vision Ezekiel had.

Just think of that old woman, more than

seventy-five years old, her thin gray

hair flying in the wind, for she Was

bare-headed and without a cloak or

shawl or any kind of a wrap, her eyes

wild with grief and rage, and her old

trembling fingers pulling away at that

gun!



“And such a. shrieking! That voice of

hers I don’t ask anybody to tell me

about. I heard it, myself, and I 'shall

never forget it; no, sir, never! It was

the first intimation that I had of the

business. I was passing along near the

spot, not so very near either, for it was

an out-of-the—way place, but you could

have heard her a mile. When I- heard

that voice it sent such a chill along my

back as I never felt before, and never

have since. I rushed ahead as fast as

I could to see what on earth the matter

was. And I ‘came near getting a stray

bullet in my head, too.



“The men hated to fire on her. The

roughest of,them wouldn’t have harmed

a hair of her head. She was the most

pitiful looking object that I ever saw.

Dave, who had been so cool, raged and





.' - -. ,





 





raved like a lion now. It seemed as tho

he couldn’t béar it to stand there, bound;

and helpless, and see her in such a. state. '

I thot, as true as I live, that he'd make;

out to get free, after all, and come at;

them. i



“But if she was a woman, and one

that everybody pitied and respected,‘

something had to be done. They set out

to take the gun away from her, but it

was no easy job they found out. Un-

practiced as she was, she gave four of

them marks that they’ll carry all their

days. One poor fellow got such a dose

that he died before the month was out.

It’s wonderful what strength she did use;

and she was by nature one of the meek-

est and gentlest of women.



“In the struggle to get the gun away

from ‘her a shot was fired and she fell.

Apparently it had been fired by some

fellow who had become so excited that

he didn’t know what he was about.



“You’ve killed her!" cried Dave, and

such language as came from his lips!

You’ve heard of a torrent of words—well,

that’s about as near What it was as I

can come. But the torrent didn't flow a





great while. His mouth was soon

stopped.”

“What became of the old lady? Was





she killed by the shot?"



“Yes. She lived only three days. She

never knew much about what was going

on around her, and I suppose it was a

good thing that she didn’t. The neigh-

bors did all that could be done for her,

and when she realized anything she

seemed to be grateful to them for their

care. As for Dave, tho, as I said before,

I don’t believe in lynching, it was as

good an endlas he had any reason to;

expect.” i



Their conversation now turned very

abruptly into a very different channel,

and one in which I had not the slightest

interest, so I bid good-bye to the land-‘

scape which I had been looking at but}

not seeing, and took up my book again.



‘———-a———-—



The things that “go without saying”



are the ones most often said.





 





 





 

   





 





v ~ u ’3‘ , " ‘ " . 2* z . v.





a





We. live by our blood, and on

it. We thrive or starve, as our

blood is rich or poor. There is





nothing else to live on or by. ;





When strength is full and

spirits high we .are being re-

freshed—bone, muscle and

brain, in and mind—with

continual flow of rich blood.

This is health.



When weak, in, low spirits, no

cheer, no spring, when rest is

not rest and sleep is not sleep,

we are starved' our blood is -

p, r; there is lenutriment

in it. - ‘ ,

Back- of the blood is food, -

to keep the blood rich. When

it fails, take _.





SCOTT’S

EMULSION





It sets the whole body going

again—man, woman and chi] .

'—————_ 0





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Painless home cure without

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DRS. JONES G. RINEHART

sun. r 1903 w. Washington 31.. Indianapolis, Ind. Cured





IGured My Rupture





I Will Show You How To Cure

Yours FREE!





I was helpless and bed—ridden for years from a

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a surgical o oration. But I fooled them all, and

cured mysel by a sinple method which I dis—

covered. Anyone can use it, and I will send the

cure free by mail. postpaid. to anyone who

writes for it. Fill out the coupon below and

mail it to me today.





 





 





 





Fm Rupture-euro coupon





CAPT. IV. A. GOLLINBB,

Box 586 Wafer-town, II. 3'.





Dear Bin—I wish you would send me your

New Discovery for the Cure of Rupture.





Nrmm ,.





Address





 





 





 





 





 





   

 





 





I





 





 





mg»..- . .





 





I
W‘r





 





 

 

 





MARCH. 20, 1909.





some of. uni-Wild Flowers—l.





y Eva Ryman-Gaillard.





Introduction.



In these little talks about our ‘wild

flowers very few technical terms will be

used aside from the botanical name in

connection with the common one. To

these will be added something of de-

scription; a few cultural directions for

those who may want to domesticate some

of the wildings, and an occasional his-

torical fact or fanciful legend to tempt

the reader to pay closer attention to the

ones commonly seen, as well as to get

some idea of those common in other

localities.



To mention one in a thousand of the

flowers common in the United States

would be impossible, and to draw the





 





 





The Common Bull-thistle Becomes Beau-

tiful Under Cultivation.

line between ‘wild flowers and tame ones

would be equally so for the reason that

what grows wild in one place, even to

the extent of being legislated against as

a noxious weed, is cultivated as a garden

or hot—house treasure in another.



As an example of the latter fact: A

friend of the writer visiting in a foreign

city, where a great floral exhibit was

being made, heard much of a wonderful

American plant. Not recognizing the

description, a visit to the exhibit was

made. The “wonderful” plant was found

to be a common bull-thistle, but so im-

proved by cultivation as to deserve all

the praise being bestowed on it.



A less amusing, because more costly,

illustration was given when people of

the northern states were carefully culti-

vating the water—hyacinth while the War-

Department was being called on for help

in ridding the rivers of the southern

states of it because it; was blocking navi-

gation and holding refuse until it be-

came a menace to health.



The flowers selected for mention will

be those found in the northeastern quar-

ter of the United States, mainly, because

those of that territory are best known

or most easily available to most readers

of this magazine, and, unless otherwise

stated, it is to be understood that the

flower named is to be found thruout

most, if not all, that territory.



With this explanation we are ready for

our first woodland ramble and if we

start early enough the first flower we

find will, probably, be the



Skunk Cabbage.—(Symplocarpus

foetidus).



The blooms of this plant with the un-

pleasant name make their appearance in

swamps and wet meadows very early and

are the first to announce that spring is

at hand.



The buds seem to be waiting for the

first sunshiny days and as soon as the

surface of the soil warms a little they

spring up as if by magic; Very often

they appear in March only to lose their

lives because of their bravery, for, un-

like other early flowers, they cannot





stand frost after they have pushed away

their sheltering blanket of dead leaves.



The pointed bud which seems to pop

out of the ground soon shows a mottled-

purple color, bursts open on one side, and

develops into a pointed spathe which

never opens widely but curls around the

yellow spadix, almost hiding it, and in

form and markings closely resembles

a shell.



The form of the flower quickly tells us

that it is related to the Jack-in-the-pul-

pit and the stately white calla tho, if we

examine it closely, we see that it has

no stem while they have long ones.



The leaves make little development

until the flower, fades, but then grow

rapidly and dot the swamps with clumps

of light-green, heavily-veined, broadly—

oval leaves from one to three feet in

length. Admire them one must, but it

is safest to leave them untouched, for

the unpleasant odor which gives the

plant its, common name is contained in

the leaves-—not in the flower.



It is said that the early Swedish set~

tlers who found it growing around Phila-

delphia called it “bear-weed” because the

bears ate it greedily. Knowing the

frightfully acrid properties contained in

the juice of the leaves one wonders what

sort of mouths the bears could have had.



The juice of the leaves has narcotic

properties while the root, if chewed, in-

jures the sight.



Pussy Willow.—(Salix discolor).



Many people fail to recognize the “pus-

sies” as ."really—a-nd-truly” flowers, yet

such they are, and the wanderer beside

swamp or brook will find them frolicking

with the first April breezes, before the

snow and ice are gone from their sur-

roundings, and before a leaf appears on

the bushes.



No plant has a more fascinatingly in-

teresting history than this which gives

us the “downy firstlings of the year.”

whether we consider it as a commercial





.factor and look for its products in un—





dreamed-of places, or follow up the facts

and legends of ancient and modern his-

tory which concern it.



Anold proverb declares: “The willow

will buy a horse before the oak will pay

for a saddle.” The saying is true and

the one who finds why and how it is

true will value the willow more highly.



Surely, the pussies seem more inter-

esting when one thinks how the captives

in Israel “hung their harps on a willow

tree” while they sat beside it grieving

for their native land. The Bible will





tell us, too, of how “the willows of the

brook” were used in sacred ccremonials,

and with this knowledge, we will know

by what authority the Church of Eng—

willow—branches





land uses instead of





 





 





 





“Downy Firstlings of the Year."





   

 





, THE . MICHIGAN FARMER.





palm-branches.in the Palm Sunday ser-

vices. ‘



The Chinese consider the willow an

emblem of immortality and have many

strange customs in which it plays a

part. The Bohemians, too, have customs

connected with it that are both amusing

and sad. Nearly every well-known poet,

both ancient and modern, has written

much about the willow and the United

States has some famous willow trees

whose origin and history is full of inter-

est—but these the reader must study

from other sources.



Liverwort, or Liverleaf.——(Hepatlca



triloba).



In late March or early April the single,

nodding, purple (sometimes pink or

white) flowers of the I‘iverwort appear,

or if we reach the woods before they

come the‘heavy three-lobed leaf, looking

like liver-colored leather after its winter

under the snow, will tell where to 1001!

for the buds wrapped snugly and warmly

in their fuzzy coats.



Those who have studied nature‘s ways

of working know that the force used in





 

 





(1.9) 327





distilled the liquid that caused the death-



like Sleep of Juliet (in Romeo and Juliet)



and of which he said:



“Within the infant rind of this small

floWer



'Poison has

power.” -



Or, to the student of Virgil, it may

suggest the burial of Polydorus when

"blood flowed in thick, dark drops from

wounded shrubs and herbs.”



Wood Anemone, or Wind-Flower.—



(Anemone nemorosa).



The arrival of the wind-flower is very

little later than that of the liver-wort,

but the description, “the wind blows them

open and then blows them away,” is so

true that one must be on the lookout in

order to have a chance to admire the

dainty flowers that vary from white to

pinkish blue in color and may have from

four to seven petal-like sepals.



The Persians held this flower as an

emblem of sickness, from their belief that

the wind which blew over the plants be-

came poisonous and carried disease

wherever it Went, but the Greeks believed





residence and medicine





 





Blood-Root, or Indian Flower, wh0se Blood-red Sap'was prized by the Aborigines.





sending the flowers springing up in time

to greet the spring was stored up long

before, and a little observation of what

is going on will show that all the power

of the plant is being used in perfecting

the flower, none being spent in leaf pro-

duction.



After the flower is gone the new leaves

come, then, after they are fully devel-

oped and ripened the plant goes to form-

ing the buds for the next year’s flowers

and in the late fall these downy buds

may be seen in the heart of the plant. If

taken up and potted at this time the

flowers will develop in mid-winter.



The Indians and early settlers, who had

to find their medicines where they could,

believed the shape and coloring of plants

indicated what they were good for and,

to them, the three—lobed (liver—shaped)

leaves of this plant told that it held a

medicine to cure diseases of the liver.

Knowing this, they remembered, or

marked, the spots where it grew so that

it could be secured at all seasons.





Blood-Root, or lndian FIower.—(Sangui-



naria Canadensis).



In April and May we find, in open mea—

dows and beside small streams, the tips

of sturdy, closely—rolled loaves forcing

their way up thru the soil and a couple

of days later, we may find them unrolled

to disclose pearly—white flowers with

hearts of gold.



if we break the. stems, or bruise, tho

roots and find our hands stained by UH)

blood-red sap, we know (if we did not

before), that we have found the “blood—

root” so highly prized by the Indians as

a paint for the face, or their weapons of

war.



The thick, perennial rootstock lies just

under the surface of the soil and runs

in every direction, with leaf-shoots

springing up along its entire length and

every leaf enclosing a. flower.



\Vhen exposed to strong winds the

flower is quickly ruined, but, fortunatolc,

the plant bears transplanting so well that

they may be grown in sheltered nooks

around the home where they can be

enjoyed to the full and, after the flowers

are gone the stiff leaves that stand up

so bravely have a distinct beauty of their

own.



Knowing that the plant belongs to the

poppy family and has the same poisonous

characteristics, it is easy to believe it

the “small flower” from which the friar





 





it sprang up where the tear-drops shed

by Venus over her slain lover, Adonis,

touched the ground.



Even tho we hunt the flower for its

beauty only, the knowledge that it was

loved, or dreaded, by people of other

lands and ages, with the reasons there-

for, gives an added interest to the search.

Trailing Arbutus, or Mayflower.—(Epi-



gaea repens).



In a list of early flowers the trailing

arbutus must have a place, if for no

other reason than because its story dates

back to that early-spring day when some

of our Pilgrim forefathers found the

dainty little flower, and reading therein

a promise of cheer after the dreadful

experiences of their first winter in Am-

erica, named it the Mayflower in memory

of the ship which brot them to our

shores.



In some places it is called ground—

laurcl and, in fact, it belongs to the same





 





Trailing Arbutus, known to the Pilgrims





as “Mayflower.”





family as the aristocratic rhododendron

and the

imposing relatives among the checker-

berrics and huckleberries.





azalea, tho it has other less





The one who finds this dainty, waxy,

star-like flower will need to brush away
~ -_: 4...;4. :35;—





 





 





n





Pimply [Prong   ..

‘ . aces





’May Be Made Clean and'Clear By

Using Stuart’s Calicum Wafers.





 





 





Trial Package Sent Free.





Pretty faces are daily seen about us

marred and marked with pimples,

blotches and eruptions;



There is absolutely

this condition being so exceedingly

prevalent. Pimples and skin troubles

show that the blend is impure, and is

forcing its impurities into the cells

and glands of the skin, there fester—

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eruptive disorders.





no necessity for





 





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By using Stuart's Calcium W'afcrs in





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These wafers are not experimental,

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[THE J-MICHIGA-N FARMER





the driftingdead leaves that have shel-

tered it during the winter, for it is in

such places that it cuddles down among

the heavy, waxen, evergreen leaves of

the parent plant.



Of all wild plants this is the most im-

patient of being disturbed, and where one

transplanted one lives many die, leaving

it as truly a Wilding today as when the

Pilgrims first found it.





 





THE MAKING AND DISTRIBUTION

OF PAPER MONEY.





(Continued from page 324).





the larger part of them are transported

by express. When the express com-

panies receipt for the notes, the respon-

sibility of'the Treasurer ceases and if

the money is lost in transit by robbery

or wreck, or in any way, the 1055 falls

on the‘express companies. During the

year 1907 the shipments of currency

from the Treasury Department by ex-

press amounted to $527,379,899, Separated

into 68,787 packages. The shipments by

registered mail were 15,390 packages, but

the value of these packages in money

was only $735,794. It will thus be seen

that only small amounts are entrusted

to the m'ails.



The distribution of currency by the

Treasury Department is dependent upon

and regulated (by the amount of money

presented for redemption, including, of

course, shipments from the sub-treas-

uries, banks, and that exchanged at the

counters of the cashier's office in the

Treasury building. All other money

placed in circulation ,is thru the payment

of government debts. There is daily paid

out by the cashier of the Treasury to

individuals about $150,000. This repre-

sents principally the cashing of checks

given to government employes and the

redemption of comparatively small sums

of money by the Washington banks and

a. few persons.



The redemption of paper currency in-

volves a great deal of hard work and

skill. After old notes have been re»-

deemed they are cut in two lengthwise,

the upper halves being delivered to the

Register of the Treasury and the IOWer

half to the Secretary. in whose offices

they are independently examined and

counted. Afterwards they are delivered

to a committee, whose duty it is to see

that they are destroyed by maceration.

The maceration takes place at the Ru-

reau of Engraving and Printing, and the

resultant pulp is dried and sold to paper

manufacturers at $30 to $40 per ton, On

an average more than a half million

notes are handled by the redemption

division of the Treasury each working

day, the redemption in the last fiscal

year amounting to more than $550,000,000.





Not the least important part of the

work comes in the shape of notes which

have been only partly destroyed. Fifty

or sixty remittances are reocivcd daily,

many of them containing the remnants

of single notes. The government is gen-

erous in this matter, redeeming all frag-

ments that can be identified on satis-

factory proofs of the destruction of the

missing portions. Burning is the chief

cause, of loss, and strange to say the

greater number of cases are those in

which housewives have secreted their

money in the stove. and forgotten to take

it out before lighting a tire.



Many attempts, of course, are

to that the government,





made

but there are





few if any that are not frustrated. In

November, 1894, the cashier of a Kansas

bank sent a sum of money for redemp-

tion for a farmer of that vicinity with

an affidavit that "while burning brush

and rimming up a tit-lvi his pass book

dropped out of his pocket into the tire;

that the bills were lengthwise in the

book and half the bills and book Were

consumed when picked up.” This state-





ment was backed up by a neighbor who

deposed that he, saw the occurrence. The

cashier testified that both men were “old

and respectable citizens who stood high

as to morality, honor and integrity.”

But, alas for human frailty and credulity!

The records Showed that the other halves

of these same notes had already beeh

redeemed at half their face value!

“men burned or torn bills are received,

they are handled very carefully. The

packages are opened where, no draft can





reach them. The pieces are examined

with a magnifying glass and, as identi-

fied, are skillfully put together. One

note, of $20, was received, which had

been torn into several hundred very

small pieces by a crazy woman, but so





skillful are the women engaged in piec-

ing together torn bills and so perfect

their knowledge of different bills, that





 





the note was restored entirely and a new

one issued for it. _

The persons who handle money at the





Treasury become so skillful and their .





eyes so acute that they are quick to \de-

tect counterfeit notes. To an outsider,





however, belongs the credit for‘having'





discovered perhaps the best counterfeit

ever made. The man was George Cramer

of the sub—treasury of Philadelphia. Mr.

Cramer found among a. large deposit of

bills what he thot were four counterfeit

notes of the $100 Monroe head denomina-

tion. His aSSociates thot he was wrong.

He got on a train and went to Washing-

ton, and the experts of the Redemption.

Division also thot he was in error, as

did 'the officials of the Bureau of En-

graving and Printing. But when a gen-

uine note was placed beside the alleged

counterfei‘ts and an examination made





under a. magnifying glass, Mr. Cramer

was found to be right.

It would. be strange, indeed, if in the





handling of so much money there should

not be some temptation to the employee

of the government. Close watch is kept,

however, andthe system of checks is so

perfect that few have 'the courage to do

wrong. The percentage of 1035 due to

the pecullations of government clerks is

very small.





(Note—The writer is indebted to As-

sistant Director Joseph E. Ralph, of the

Bureau of Engraving and Printing and

to Mr. James A. Sample, Chief of the

Division of Issue of the Treasurer’s

Office, for much of the material embodied

in this article).





SUGAR-MAKING.





 





BY A LONZO RICE.





The sunshine fills each forest "aisle



With gladness; hill and valley smile,

And waterfowl to northern regions,



With noise and clamor swiftly file.





The meadow-brooks from winter’s thrall

Leap free, and floats the phoebe’s call





In chorus with the chirp and chatter





Of wrens that throng the garden wall.





On southern slopes the violets lift

Their azure eyes aloft, where drift



The fleccy clouds that ever alter,

As fickle breezes change and shift.





Down yonder glen, wheremaples sway,

And winds .of Springtime softly stray,

There comes the sound of merry-

making,

From youths and maidens joined in play.





There swing huge kettles in a line,

Round which the blazes leap and twine,

And bubbles bright and evanescent,



Golconda’s treasured store outshine!





The maple trees their sweetness drop

In tinkling rhymes that never stop;



And, peering, edging round the buckets,

In tireless, quest, sapsuckers hop.





A grape-vine swing!

Renewed, refreshed.

Her turn.

ruin!

“'hat pcals of laughter when it breaks!





And pleasure wakes

Each maiden takes





No sorrow haunts the woodland air;

A smile each face is seen to wear;



It seems the golden vapors double

The joys of life and hide all care!





The hour grows late, and clearer ring



The tuneful measures that they sing:

For “stirring—off" the merry minutes



Still close and closer to them bring!





The round red moon begins to climb

The ,eastern sky. and comes the time





Of their departure and the finish

Of this, my sugar-making rhyme!





 





THE FOREST.





 





BY FRANK J. PHILLIPS.





Go back my spirit to the wild



Where virgin forest still holds sway

And where one wanders as a child



W'ho acts and thinks and learns to pray

For all the good he sees in things.





MAM '20; .1901

~ .m





 





And oh, what wreck and ‘





 





, - . Cough.





Take a. pint or Granulated Sugar,





add' 1,5 cup of Water, stir and let'





boiljust a moment. -Put»25§- oz.-





-of Pinex in a. pint bottle and fill it:

up with the Granulated Sugar Syr--

up. Shake well and take a tear





.spoonful every one, two or three

hours. , '



The prompt results from this

simple, home-made remedy will

surprise you. It has been known

to conquer a deep-seated cough In

24 hours.

thing for whooping cough, soreness

of the lungs, bronchial troubles

and other throat affections.



The proportion above suggested

is enough to last a family a. long

time. his equally effective for

young or 'old, and has a. very pleas-

ant taste. Well corked, it never

spoils. It takes less than five min-.

utes to prepare, and is very inex-

pensive. The 255 oz. of‘ Plnex

should cost you about fifty cents,

and the Granulated Sugar about

four cents.



Pinex, as you probably know, is

the most valuable concentrated

compound of Norway White Pine

Extract. It is rich in guaiacol and

other elements that make the ozone

of the pine forests so effective in

curing throat and lung diseases.



There are many pine tar and pine

oil preparations, but none of these

are to be compared with the real

Pinex itself. All druggists have it

or can get it for you without trou-

ble if requested.





It is also an excellent





 





 





 





 





 





A DEEP THINKEII





will appreciate what we have

to say here.



You have papers that would

cause you embarrassment should

they happen to be lost.



You'd like to find a good safe

place for them.



A place that is alike immune

from the dangers of fire or

burglars.



We have it.



The Simon J. Murphy Com—

pany is well known throughout

the entire state and will keep

all your valuables for you for

[a year for two dollars.





Look us up and then send





for free booklet, that tells how '





you can use us by mail.

Do itvnow.





PEIIOBscnl' SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS,

Simon J. Murphy 00.. Detroit, Mich.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





woman .9". my FREE





ofler made to introduce this marvelous

lamp in every neighborhood. An Incan-

descent loo-Candle Power Kerosene Oil





Have I not watched with sinking heart1





The woodsman's axe, the falling tree,

And heard the silver band give start



To cello—surging m<-lody ..

That seems a death toll as it rings?





Once Dryads held their mystic sway

“here now the land has desert grown;

And where the pigeons winged their way

In countless thousands to their throne,

Only the croak of crows is heard.

Once, Izephyrs played; once, springs were

iere;

While oft the deer were wont to hide

Where? now the floods have taught men

ear

And where no man can long abide,

For man must reap where man has erred.





Yes, we must reap What others sow

And know how pangs of want may

sting

But on these barren wastes will grow

Another forest which will bring

A heritage of wealth and power.

When} reapers search, where plowmen

ail,

Where streams go dry and birds cease





There trees will grow and form a Grail

To add, of beauty and of might,

A waking nation’s brightest flower.





I cannot do l-without The Farmer. It

ought to be found in every family for it

is a good clean paper.—.Warren Wright,

Kalamazoo, Mich. '-





 





' ordinary lam s for lighting Homes.

flees, Stores. 3113, Churches, etc.





   





mp, many times brighter. cheaper

and safer than Gasoline Electricity or





Of-

We





ask that you show it to your friends.

Send your name and address and find out

howeasy it is to get this lamp free.

AGENTS Mr. Watts. one of our agents,



made 878 in 8 days by simply

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Futurist silos Co. 1380 letter St. Kansas City In





 





BROOKS’





tBrooks’ A

discovery,



obnoxious springs or pads.

Automatic Air Cushions.

Binds and draws the broken

parts together as you would

I broken limb. No solves.

No lymphol. No lies. Dur-

able,cheop. Pat. Sept. 10, ’01.





\JEAILALQGQ EIBE 5-.





I s

l

l





Hence. New

onderrul. No





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. Did Jubal,





A crimson rose I wore today;

My Love he did not heed the spray;—

It might have been a cluster gray





Or any worthless, weedy bit,



For all that he gave heed to it.



A year ago he would have said,



“Your checks are than the rose. more

Would I’had plucked the mm instead;





0! grayish leaf and flower it brings

.A healing to all bruised things!





.leave S2 H 0, which is the vernacular





 





 





O

ROSE OR MINT.





 





BY CORA A. MATSON DOLWN.





Of dooryard mint.





raiyn

For with its tint





 





KINKs.





Kink l.—Hidden Picture.





 





 





Find the goblin and the three men and,

one woman that protested when Tommy

Brown took the bird‘s nest that he holds ,

in his hand. You may indicate where

they are by laying a piece of tissue paper

over the picture and tracing the objects

above referred to, or you may outline

them with pencil or pen, then cut out

and forward to us.



Kink ll.—Agricultural Chemical Problem.



To H2 02 Ru add 2 S P and get an

important constituent of bones. Then

filter out six-tenths of the atoms and





for a. common farm animal.

Kink Ill.—Who Wrote It?



Give the name of the poem in which

this verse occurs, and tell the author’s

name:



“We called it our Eden, that small pat—

ent baker,



When life was half moonshine and half

Mary Jane;



But the butcher. the baker, the candle-

stick~maker!——



Did Adam have duns and slip down a



back lane?



after the Fall,



keep coming



last styles of fig leaf to Madam



Eve’s bower?



or whoever taught the girls

thrumming,



Make the patriarchs' deaf at a dollar the

hour?"

Prizes for Straightening KInks.



To the first 25 who send us correct

answers to ALL of the above Kinks,

we will give choice of a package of 50

post—cards representing a trip around

the world, a copy of the rapid calculator





Nay, did the modiste





With





 





shoddy. which ’3 simply old.

worn-out rubber ' ‘wsrnud

cm."





Our reinforced duck vnm make a pair of these

boots last much Ion :- t on any other. Where

many others use clot for the ankle )iece we use

aura I(ism. Century soles are mu 9 from the

ug est compound known. Century Boots

are cheapest because best—best m materia .

best for wear. No



sold by the mil-order houses.

the name “Century“ on the bootleg. It

doesn't sell Century write I!-



BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE 00.

Chicago. 111.





 





 





- Perfection m Simplicity Combined

A perfect sewing device to mend harness,

shoes. tents, awnings, saddles, suit cases.

Mumps. dash boardsorany heavy mate-hi.

Send 31.5 for ample. Free catalog. Agents





wanted.

‘ Stewart 8 Skinner (o. [0. Box No. 968 Woman.

loss. “7 franc Street, los Andes, Calif.





Any season of fits car it on

lacio run 1. ox. 3’“ :3

mr Invented for all kinds of fish. It you

- liketo catch a bi: string every tims you go

fishing write to me and get a box of this wondcrtul

bait to be} introduce it in your loc it

mo r‘isu





mm .. .. ’ -





Watson 8. Coleman. Patent



Attorney. Washington, D. 0. Ad-



'- or any LIVER. DISEASE

mu smug; w... -. l... m ..

Wlll tell oi A cure REE.



Angus. EDW. C. COVEY. B. 5. Lansing. Mich





     





 





 





 





like flus-

In Wolves





 

 





vlcs free. Terms low. Highest rel.





f.





l





1 swers

gApril 10, as

.publishcd in issue of April 17.





 





or a pair of shears. Where contestant

or some member of his family is not a

regular subscriber a year's subscription

(75c) must accompany answers. An-

must reach us not later than

correct solutions will he

Address

answers to Puzzle Michigan

Farmer.

Answers to Feb.





Dept.





20 Kinks.





Kink l.—Hidden

Picture.—Thn Scotch

poet is Robert

Burns. His head

(A) forms the space

under the arch of

the bridge, his face

being toward the

deft, and his shoul-

a der_forms the brook.



.‘r - Kink ll.—Charade.

Key to Kink l. —Robinson Crusoe.





Kink lll.—Illustrated Pi.—Heigh ho!

Daisies and buttercups,

Fair yellow daffodils, stately and tall!

When the wind wakes, how they rock

in the grasses,

And dance with the cuckoo-buds, slender

and small!



Here’s two bonny boys and here’s moth-

er’s own la‘sses,

Eager to gather them all.

——From “Seven Times

nity” in Jean Ingelow's



Seven.”





 





Four—Mater-

“Songs of





——_—Z:—!



Essentials in Civil Government. . By

S. E. Forman, Ph. D. The aim of this

little book, intended for the last years of

grammar school and the first years of

the high school, is to establish high poli-

tical ideals, to promote good citizenship.

Cloth, 12mo. 224 pages, illustrated. Price,

60 cents. American Book Company, New

York, Cincinnati, and Chicago.





Schiller. Die Jungfrau vcn Orleans.

Edited by Warren Washburn Florer, Ph.

D., Instructor in German, University of

Michigan. This edition has been pre-

pared in the light of the recent Schiller

investig tion, for the purpose of intro-

ducing itudents to the elements of lit-

erary interpretation and of stimulating

in them a desire to read the drama as a.





' in the careful luxury of the old-fashioned.





, wanted to go, but Was afraid. When





I Oats is their choice among all oatmeals.





‘ In making Quaker Oats the grain is





band ever touches a. single grain of





containing a fine piece of table china '





, TH‘Ee Mie'H-IGAN .FARMER





You needn’t be afraid.

Oncdayal'ady whohadbccnrearctl





Virginia home was invited to visit the

kitchen of a great Chicago hotel. She





asked why, she replied, “I’m afraid I'll

see something that will forever destroy

my appetite for hotel food.” She went,

and found everything delightfully clean.



Good housewives consider cleanliness

and purity first of all; that’s why Quaker





sifted and rcsifted, passing through more

than fifty protesscs of cleaning before it

is cooked and rolled. ‘

If you took a handful of oats and

scrubbed and polished and wiped each

separate grain, it wouldn’t then be nearly

as clean as Quaker Oats. No 1111111311





Quaker Oats from the field to your

kitchen. The host advice on foods you

could have is: Eat Quaker Oats every

morning for breakfast.



This wonderful food is sold in three

kinds of packages. The regular package

at 10c. “The large size family package

at 25c, and the large size family package





:1 30¢.

H.500 ”3;?” CIDER ’





“rib fa l‘roe Cut-log. Describes

and illustrate: our line of tho





ORIBIAI. an. sum



HYDRAULIC I ‘

CIIIEI PIESSES



Bull! in the! 10 to ,

400 barrels per day '

Handcrpowor. , .

P‘s-sen for all





purpm Also

Stu- Enpsn- “





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





CHAMPION EVAPORATOR.





For Maple. Sorghum.

Cid-or and Fruit

Jolliu.





CIIA M PIO N

EVAPORAWII





C0. nunsos, 0. a4;





Saves Time, Labor and Fuol; makes the

best Syrup; Easy to Operate; Durable





—-A man f genus! 1. ml —.

WANTED State wage: age and :xpgrgl-

once. MRS. C. MASON. Avocs. Michigan. 3.1.





   

 

 

 





log iving

num er of

trees you

. tap.





 





"FI'III mmm

Co. w C.W.Mo





WHY PAY IIEN





(21.) 329





MICHIGAN FARMS all kinds and sizes aellln

cheap. Write (or list A. A. C. PANCAK

4:00.. 223 Widdicomb 13143., Grand Rapids. Mich.





80 ACRE. mmmmmmm»

I. Mlxmnss M





 





from Standish. Price

It a. Box 7. Standish. men.





 





hr sols

FWnOeun

run. many. Mk3. hr Illa.

Flu-min heart In»;

LOOKIW a?“ «Jim 3%.

183‘] C CHANDLER. Dim. Itch.

IIIGIBII rum-{'mmm

No. 5. C. B. BINHLM. Hastings. Rich.

FARMS st ell Prices—Now ls s good than to





look at them. Wri- tor new list to

300'"! . ORACY. Ores-v“. Minn.





W Mshstyolwsuwhsnvnn-rufiuh

“3.. T“ Y” Am “.7” m.





MICHIGAN FARMS ”mm





W, ‘WCBW Wits tor ' B. 3.

RATE. Ashton mm m Bani“ .





of m. m D's].



three mas. born I.

I mmm' ‘

rmxnmmr.mmmm





mum Hutu new...“ 2:223:92:





 





 





 





 





 





 





Inc a delights! snd healthful cit-Isis. tint-clu-





msrkets for their products and puny 0! load





 





st rcsso prices. Hops and pon-

pnms willbossnttroo u s a STAT]!

BOARD or nuns TICK. Banknote. no

35300046“ Fill IA Eli‘mm



acres ale-row fine Hungry-nono-





. mom

ramoad;snwom who fenced; Moon's-as.

massacres-mammogram:an

terms. Writeownsr. .

mmmnatl’omond.0m





.1 sets cosh porn-l:

CALIFORNIA lANB, m... men-.90....-

month per son; close Ban Francisco: no taxes; no In.-

tersst; ll-sors tracts: level. rich. char. to plow:

‘ porpetnsl water





m Km r



Wain; maps. photographs use. RV-

00108131414 Harm 8L. as mm.



OCEANA COUNTY. IIICIIGAII





I an isms In ttho..tnc best lull. s..mn.

Groin. Poultry. Stock. All sizes. any terms. I!

the people of U. 3. know the advantages to be had

bus. in 24mm: there would not Rounding room.

Writs for list and Mentors.



.I. D. 5. HANSON. Hart. Mich.





wuss you can buy

go Best Land In

. a to as on can

our Saginaw and Bay City. Write for map and par

tlculars. Clear title no any terms. Brass-m BIO...

(owners) 15 Merrill hum. Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.





FARM BARGAINS.





940-Acre Stock Earn—$33.33 per acre. 28 miles

lrom Detroit. Rich son. Large barns snd house.

Everything good. Must be sold before April.

”Am—2 mites horn Saline. Chy loom

Good tn every way. W per acre.

Choice lw-Acro—lfl miles from Detroit. In best

neighborhood. Fertile and highly unproved.

Nothing helm. $14,000.



BOURKE dz RISK.





 





 





 





 





‘ 501-2 Chamber of Commerce, Dell-alt. Mich.





 





Cheap Tennessee Farms

r— Making Men Rich l':-|





“ Fortunes are being made on fertile Tennes-

see farms. They raise big cgmmgfgmta-

loupes Cabbage Tomatoes. tr cans



Green n,etc.,alsoBorsss. 08$tle.8hee .Swine:

Poultry and I?“ Write me It once or I'm

Literature. I‘I tell you how to get one offihese

splendid [arms for $5 to m per-ere. Act quickly!

[IM’IIILI'nl-C.‘ uLlth'CJ'MIlflo,“





 





 





 





GRANITE-TIN IIEIIDEBS





Mend leaks in granite, tin, mumbled ware, etc. No mechanical

shill requirod. No hoot, no acid, no oer-ping, no solderingiron

to bother with. A hurts“ neod ill-UV. y ham. Pkg. of w, as-

sortcd, 250; 2 pkg:., 40c; postpsid. AGEKTS WANTED. Boot in-

ducements. Write at once. lilton A. Parker. White Huron. PI.





 





STUM's—ancn having stumps or stone to

blast this spring or next fall. should

write the MEREDITH POWDER COMPANY.BIch-

mond, Ind. for prices on dynamite, caps and (use.





F0“ RENT—To :11 experienced dairyman choice

80-ncre form one mile from condensed

milk factory. GEO. HINEB. Lake Odessa, Mlcn.





BREE—STORY and basement brick house De-





troit.hsrd wood finish, value $8,000. for sale cheap

or exchange. F. W. Stock 3: Sons. Hillsdsle. Rich





FIRMS AIII] FIRM LANDS

Foil SALE 08 EXBHAIIGE





F You WANT TO BUY OB SELL PROP-

ER . any kind, anywhere. write the

Northwestern Business Agency, Minneapolis. Minn.





 





 





 





 





 





R. SALE—80 A. adjoining town 60 A. cleared-

20 A. good timber. good soil. fair buildings. flow-

ing well. Price $3,000. Box 85, Marion. Xian.





8 ACRES near Morley. Good land portly im-





proved, frame house. Neorschool. $1,000" sold

mmedlstely, )5 cash. I. L. Hubbeli. fielding. Mich.





MICHIGAN FAIIM BARGAINS, ufiifigil.





55nd for list. H. T. SPEARS. Potter-ville. Mich.





 





 





 





 





SOUTHERN CROPS PAY

Come to the South where they raise three and

four healthy crops 3 our. Tidewater Vh sis

and Csrolins—lsnd o opportunity. Rich our:

and perfect climate. Best corn,hsy,potsto and

truck lands. Market weeks ahead of others.

Zero winters unknown. Dry summers unheard

of. Twenty acres equal sixty northern sores.

Lands are chesp and can be bought on easy

terms. Write for booklet.

F. l. IEIll‘IT. lad sod Marl In. Isl-Mk at Mon

DIM. a Ilium M W, Infill. h.





ALBERTA MINDS

Saskatchewan Lands





We have thousands of acres first select~

ed and choice farm lands—located close

to New Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian

Northern Railways. Wholesale and to-

tail propositions. Improved and gud



as

terms. Write us for what you wonty.

Pamphlets and maps mailed on applica-





tion





Iclin and mum Izmir hm.

Stewart & Mathews Co. (List)





305 Jackson Street. 81'. PAUL IINN.





 





lands in Manitoba. Prices right.





 





 





FARMS.



86 acres—1 miles from unmanwoo rods of wire

fence. good house. newly pointed. good basement

barn 20x30. corn crib. hen house, box pen, good orch-

ard: 1% acres raspberries, 4 acres ltrswbsrflss moo





 





140ACRE turn tor sale cheap. located sdjoln-

tng city limits last Tawss. well fenced and

drained, with fine buildings. or will exchange for

city or tamrproperty In southern Michigan.

Andrea . W. STOCK a SONS, Hillsdslo. Mich.





Fill SALE or Bill Fm“ “H'MW'PMW

- Isis Co. Mlch.. containing 148



acres. over half under cultttvution. bounce wood-

land. Good call. Rear school. churches snd rall-

rosd depot. Apply to W. H. WILSON. Albion. Mich.

FOR SAL —110 acres: fair house, two

. good buns and outbuild-

ings. steel wind mill. 400 rods oi new wire fence.





ood timber. telephone and B. F. D. cc 8% .

K J. L. STEVENS. Orleans. Mich.





MICHIGAN LANDS CHEAP.





Buy from the owner direct. I am not an agent. I

hsve fruit. grain and stock forms. timber lands and





 





BIG SNAP.



84 acres—~10 miles from Detroit: 1 mile from elec-

tric line; {sir house. new basement barn 114100. sn-

other born 40x24. cement floors. steel track new last

year, no waste Ind. 400 rods new tiling. new wind

mm. water to house and burns. 14 acres timber . ,

Finest Fur-m hW-shtenaw Co. for the Money



90 acres—2 miles [tom the electric line: fine 13-

room house: stone foundation: line 30x60 and

31x35. hog house. hen'house. tool shed. corn crib: all

in one condition. wi'nd mm. water In house and

born ............... . .................................................... $701.!)

900 acres—1% miles from good town: 60 acres

second growth timber. 450 rods wire iences. good 8<

room house, tenant house. basement born 82 x 88

with two cupolss. all necessary outbuildings. . ”M

We have farms in every County In Michigan.





sad at the right prices.





Semi for cstnlos of nichlgsn Forms.

" FARM HEADQUARTERS”

CHAS. D. FISKE.

714 Chamber oi Commerce.





 





 





 





masterpiece. Cloth, 16mo, 375 pages.

Price, 70 cents. American Book Com—

pany.





village to erty. I will sell Cheap and on time.

Write m3. ‘1 nos-us sunnus. um. mus. l





Detrolt. Mich.
312





.. $2251





 





14" ‘ “1:21;. .4.





 





 





 





 





O¢O¢O¢O¢





fiOflOflOfiOfiO





19¢9¢0G6¢0¢G0§9¢0fiOfiQfiOfiOflO





OfiOfiOflOfiO¢O¢O§O¢O¢O¢Ofi9¢0¢





¢O¢O¢O¢O





YOU CAN GET





50colaredlls’hoiigriaiureelt’isicards

F R E E!





A Post Card Trip Around the World from oxiginal cop3 righted pho-

tographs taken by famous tra3elers——Stoddard, Harper and Gross

Fifty cards in all; each 314.6% inches, beautifully colored in water

colors, with all the features of a hand-calmed picture. A full de-

scription of the subject is printed on the face of each card.



This magnificent series includes: Scott‘s Monument, Edinburg;

The Milan Cathedral; Windsor Castle, Church of the Madeline, Pariss;

Panorama of Venice; The Great Jungfrau; Heidelberg Castle;

Peter’s at Rome; The Beautiful “Como,” Italy; Castle of St. Angelo,

Rome; Arch of Constantine; Florence; Pyramids of Egypt; Lock

Katrine; Stratford on Avon; Lakes of Killarney; Oxford College; to-

gether with many other wonderful and historical spots of the world.



These cards are on sale in but few places, usually at 5 to 10

cents each and never less than two for 5 cents so they represent a

value of at least $1.25.



. To any present subscriber of the

0" LIicliig an Palmer “110 will send us



.110 new subsciiption to the Michigan

Farmer at 7.1 cents (or at anv second (olumn club- list price), we will

send a set of these beautiiul cz'uds fxee postpaid, and in addition will

also send :1 set free to the new subscriber. You get a set for sending

the order to 11s and the. new subscriber gets a set free with his sub-

scription to the Michigan F11r1.n(1'.



Three-Year Subscription—If you send a new 3- year subscription

to the Michigan 11‘: llllltI‘ at $1.10 the sul1s< ribcr will get a set free and

we will send you t\\o ( ) sets 111111 for sending the o1der to us.



Mention Series A cards in sending in your order.



NOTE—These offers do not apply on orders which have already

been sent in. Send all orders to





The MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit Mich.





(‘ards alone are 50 cents per set

The ilustratlons In this adv do not show all ofthe post card views.





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E

1

E

i





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M
9i.“

1L

Iv; ‘

I .

a



.



: ~_-

a,





 





 





. ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





,1 '< .‘ '/.' . ” ~. ‘ , . I





,4. ‘ MARCH”, 1909. .





\ C





opi—NTEREST‘ ex;

c as TOWOMEN





THE! ‘MICH-IGAN * FARMER.



' blankets but fold and put them under a



heavy weight. I

In washing quilts and comforters there

is no objection to the use of hot water

on the score of shrinking, but any colors

save the fast ones, such as turkey red

indigo blue and those found in the cham-





 





BY ELLA B.

The Best Way of Washing Lace Curtains

and Wool Blankets.





The best way of washing lace Curtains

is that which cleanses and whitens While

bringing to the fabric the minimum

amountof strain. Rough handling causes

the delicate threads which compose the

mesh to break, and a break is something

to be avoided just as long as possible.

To lift a wet curtain by any one part of

it may do that very thing since the

weight of the water which it has absorbed

makes it much heavier than it is when

dry.



To wash such a delicate piece of goods

without injury requires some skill and

care on the part of the operator. For





this reason the work should not be en-v

trusted to any but a competent woman,





one who is willing to go slowly and care-

fully from beginning to end.



The first thing to be done is to shake

'the curtains free from loose dust. Re-

move the rods,‘ also the stitches which

have held the shirring in place. Fold

each width lengthwise twice then lay it

in a tub, folding it back and forth in

such a way that it may be lifted by one

end without strain upon any particular

place. .



' When all are‘folded and in the tub

cover with cold water and let stand for

several hours, or over night. Remove

carefully one at a time without wringing

and lay them in another tub containing

warm, soapy water, following the same

manner of folding as before. Squeeze

and press the curtains in this water,

lifting them as little as possible. If

badly soiled they will need another bath

in clean, soapy water. The color of the

fluid will determine this point and more

soap may be required. The suds should

be left on them for half an hour or more

so that the cleansing properties of the.

,soap may do the work without rubb'lng.



Put the pieces thru successive soapy

waters until clean, then rinse carefully

in clear, warm water, twice at least. In

lifting from one tub to another lift each

curtain by itself and as far as possible

all at once. Observing this point may

save the annoyance of a tear._



The last water should contain the bin-

ing, also the starch. Only the best laun-

dry starch should be employed. That

made from flour leaves the curtains less

clear. ‘



A wringer should not be used no mat-

.ter how strong the temptation to do so.

It is sure to break the threads some-

where; and twisting in the hands is even

worse. Squeezing in the hands will be

sufficient as the removal of every par-

ticle of water is unimportant anyway.



When it comes to the drying there is

nothing so good as the regular frames

made for the purpose. These cost from

one dollar to one dollar and a half. They

can be made at home by getting the nec-

essary strips of wood. Indeed, quilting

frames answer the purpose very nicely

for short length curtains.



In putting the curtains on the frames

care should be exercised to get them

true and the edges even. If they are

allowed to dry crookedly they will hang

awry and be an offense to the eye of the

possessor, indefinitely.



After one curtain is on the frame an-

other may be put right over it and the

two, or even three, will dry together

nicely. Take pains to have the pins at

the exact center of each scallop. The

stretching may be done so as to make the

curtains longer or wider than before and

it is well to bear this fact in mind.



A set of curtain stretchers made at

home by the handy man, consist of fOur

light strips of smooth wood, two longer

than the others. There are small finish-

ing nails driven at half-inch intervals

next one side of each piece and these

hold the scallops in place. The nails are

put thru from the back. Tiny nails

without heads may be used, in which

case they may be driven in as usual.

Clamps like those used on quilting frames

hold the corners of the frame firmly in

place and are readily adjusted to any

size of curtain.



‘ >The old-fashioned method of stretching

anddrying curtains was to pin them to

‘the floor of an unused room, over clean

sheets, and this is a pretty good' way,

even now. Of course, they cannot, thus





 





HOME . CHATS WITH . FARMERS’ WIVES.





'of. mending and no atterrr‘t should be





by its use than when cold 'or merely tepid?

water is employed. .In my experience I

have found that the most delicate colors:

may be washed without fading by usingf

only cold water and a suds made of good‘

pure white soap, rinsing thoroly and dry-

ing the articles in the shade. Following

this with an iron only moderately hot

gives excellent satisfaction with cotton

goods of any kind and almOSt any color.



If there is a very delicate shade to

deal with, remember that salt in the rins-

ing water sets most colors, a. table-

spoonful to the pail of water. Bluing

made very strong will restore a faded

blue, and vinegar in the water will hold

greens. A tablespoonful of black. pepper

in the first water will' hold the color on

buff and on black or gray.



Colored cottons may be washed with

starch instead of soap. Make one quart

of thin boiled starch of flour or lanudry





ROCKWOOD.





dried. get the benefit of the sun and its

bleaching effect during the process. As

with the frames, one 'curtain may be

pinned over another and they will dry

out in a few hours. Greater care is re-

quired to get them straight in this way

than when dried in frames.



By careful handling and avoiding any

strain upon the lnesh while wet, lace

curtains may be laundered for years

Without breaking. However, all things

Wear out in time, and then comes the

mending.



Perhaps the best way to mend such a

piece of goods is to put a piece of similar_

material back of the hole, fastening it

with needle and very fineIthread. By

matching the figure as nearly as pos-

sible and pressing the parts with a hot





‘\ ._' _





breys, are more liable to “run” and fade;





 

 

 





~ is m o r e

tasteful, healthful





and nutritious





ROYAL

Baking

Powder





 





powder made

with Royal





 





iron over a damp cloth, the mending

will be scarcely noticeable. I have known

an entire edge to be transferred from

one curtain to another with good results.

It simply meant making a. badly torn

curtain usable for another season at

least.



A break in an all-net drapery is not

so easily _managed. There is no con-

venient figure to help out in hiding the

joining and a. piece set on the mesh is

sure to show a little. If the tear is

straight it can be drawn together neatly

with fine thread. If there is an irregular saw in the paper the other day how she

hole it may be best 'to cut a piece from could obtain a dollar bottle of medicine

the tOD 0f the net and set it over the for nothing. She had no complaint of





starch, strain it and add it to a gallon

of tepid water, or in that proportion.I

Wash the articles in this without soapl

of any kind, rinse in a weaker starch.

water and hang in the shade to dry. )



Lawns, calicos or ginghams treated in;

this way will look like new. . i





r





BARGAINS.





 





BY MARGARET WHITNEY.

A lady who is always looking for bar-t

gains, or what she regards as bargains,





rent, running fine stitches close to the any kind, nor had any member of her

edge and trimming the torn part away, family, but she presented the coupon

allowing but a small line of overlap. with which the medicine could be ob-





tained and got a bottle of it. Now she’

considered this was a great bargain and

that she was just that much ahead of

some one else who had not seen the ad—

vertisement and procured the medicine.



This same lady will drive to every

grocery in town with her produce in

order to find where she can get the most

for it. The storckeeper who is paying

the highest price that day gets her trade.

But if by chant-c she missed some place

when making her rounds, and she hears

from someone later on that this par-

ticular grocer had paid a half Cent more

on a pound of butter than she had rc-

ceivcd 'Sllt' is sure to tell the one with

whom she dealt about it the next time

she is in town, and demand the differ-

ence.



No grocer could be sure of her trade

a week ahead for she always went where

the highest price was to be had.



Sometimes these bargain hunters get





_ a t th t f tl 't . 1 t caught at their own game and no one

owmg 0 e na ure 0 ‘9 ma ”‘3' no sympathizes with them very readily





always satisfactory when concluded. when they do. Hearing that sugar was

Blankets 0f W001 are apt to shrink, while to bl- llzld a little cheaper at one par~

the ‘COttOD filling 0f COmfortul’les and ticulur store in the town one house-

(lUiltS Shifts around and gets lumpy un— keeper bot a quantity of it. On using

less the work is carefully performed. some to make syrup with in a few days

The following method IS the beSt I she noticed a fine wlliic svdiment in the

have ever found fl": washing W001 blank— bottom of the dish and found on exam-

ets. Treated "1 ”“3 manner they come inolion that she had paid a good price

off the line as soft as new ones. for sand. l

Shave .fine one and one-half bars of Now there are real bargains to be had“

8’00? White ianudry 5039’ PU: it in a. occasionally and every one should take

basm and add a quart 01‘ more Of water advantage of them when the :lrliclcs on‘

then place on the fire until all dissolved. 5211,. are necessary and mm be used. In)

Into a tUb PUt two or three pails 0f cold families where there are small children

50ft water, about what Will be “3‘11“er 'Wlll) do not require much goods for dres—

tO COVCI‘ the blankets, whether one 01‘ SOS, aprons, waists or pctliL-outs, the

more. Add the diSSOIVPd 5031)» two table~ mother can buy at a remnant sale allu

SPOOHS 0f ammonia, and two 0f DOW' that is necessary for them at about half!

dered borax. Stir W0“ Mid pm in the the original price of the goods.

pieces to be washed, first ripping off ('01- At one of these gulps ;\ lady was able

orr‘d bindings, if any there are. PUSH to find two remnants of black goods of

the goods under the water until all parts the same kind which contained suil‘l-

are saturated, then leave undisturbed for cicnt material to make a dress for her-

thl‘ee 01‘ four hOUI‘S. Then squeeze the sclf. The quality was good and lliid

water thru the fabric With the hands, Originally sold for more than a dollar :1

rubbing well any spots that are partic— yard, and she got both pieces for less

ularly soiled. Sop up and down then lift than two dollars. At this same sale

out into another tub of cold ,water con- enough wool goods for a skirt and silk

taining one—third as much soap, repeating for a waist were bot for less than a

the rubbing and squeezing in order to dollar and a half.

get out all the dirty suds. Rinse again There are often special sales on articles

in clear water until there is no more dirt for household use and if one needs them

to come out. Then lift out without it is a bargain to get them at the sale,

wringing and hang on a stout line to It is

drip until dry. Any wool goods can he





Square corners are best for this kind





made at turning edges under, as that

would make the joining more conspicu-

ous. In a draped curtain a mended place

is not so difiicult to manage but when,

as at present, the widths hang straight

and scant it is not so easy to get it

out of sight.



Since the present vogue calls for cur-

tains hung at sill length only, there is

in the three-yard patterns considerable

surplus material to be disposed of. Fash-

ions are liable to sudden changes and

housewives naturally dislike to cut their

nice curtains, so they make this extra

length into a. frill to fall over at the top.

The lower edge of the curtain should

just escape the sill when hung.





Cleansing Blankets and Quilts.





Another job closely allied to the curtain

washing is the cleansing of soiled blank—

ets and quilts. This is heavy work and,





 





 





does not need. In that case it would;





 

 

 

 





Grape Cream .,

of Tartar—

made from





 





In all intelligent communities the

danger from the alum baking powder

is fully recognized and appreciated.

No housewife who is informed upon

physiological subjects will knowingly

permit one of the dangerous articles to

come in contact with her food. ,



The harmfulness of alum powders is

mostly exerted among those who do not

read, who are deceived by the stories of

poddlers and others interested in the sale

of the inferior articles. and these are

the people who can least afford to use

unhealthful food.





The health authorities, however, are

waking up to the seriousness of the

situation. Already many arrests have





been made of the vendors of alum bak-

ing powders. Vthn by convictions and

heavy penalties the sale of these pow-

ders is made both disreputable and ex-

pensive, it will be a blessing to the

public.





A New Kind of $2

Washer Costs Only





The Flood City Washer isn't clumsy, awk~



ward and hard to work. like the big machines

, people buy and soon stow away in

*2 the cellar. It doesn’t twist. rub, grind

-, or otherwise wear out the clothes. It

doesn’t even make you change your

; way of washing. except to automatic-

' ally do the hard work you have been

, doing yourself on the washboard.

. The Flood (iity Washer takes the

_. dirt out of the every fibre of the clothes

by compressed air automatically forcing

, and sucking the water back and forth

through the clothes. Easy

on the woman, easy on the

clothes—both wear much

longer. One woman writes,

she wouldn't do without this

washer for 20 times its cost.

You are bound tolisvo it sooner

or later. Why not now?

Simply enclose $2 with your

name and address. We will ship

Washer at once. Try it‘awaek

and if you don'tiind it

i I all We claim return "and

get your money back.



. ,l’, I] Write for free booklet:



" w: “TheWonderluansher”

‘ Agents make big money

selling the Flood City

Wuher. Write for term-

Ind earn a good income

Introducing it to your

neighbors.

FLOOD CITY WASHER 00.



4: Market St“



Gunman-ville. - PI.





MILLINERY





We do not claim to

make you rich in 3

week, but ifyou wish

to become independ-

ent why not the most

remuneratlve. pleas-

ant and elevating of

professions for wo-

men. You need no

previous experience

by our practical. per-

x.‘.u, song]! 3nd tthorough

. me 0 we catch you

,"- “k a complete course of

(2“ ' Fall and Spring Mll-

ienery and make you





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





‘ , / 0 1'4

"WWW/ll .





 

 

   





 

 





 





 





 





 





 

 





competent to hold a position or start in business.



: Write for particulars.



A Guaranteed Success. Graduates Assisted.



no bargain to buy anything one , .MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF MILLINERY,

410-412 Heal! Bldg" Detroit-





 





cleaned by this formula without shrink-

ing. No attempt should be made at

wringing, which mats the fiber of the

wool. Changing from cold water to hot

or from hot to cold is sure to result in

shrinking.



It is best to undertake this work on a

pleasant day when the drying will be

completed before dark. Never iron wool





be expensive at any price. The lady who:

got the medicine she did not need for

nothing, spent more in the mere effort 01 1

getting it than it was worth to her for‘

it proved to be something that none of.

her family would ever have any use for. ‘

But in the face of all this it is a bargain,

as she sees it, simply because it did not

cost anything.





 

 





 





MAKES and burns its own gas. Pro-



duces 100 candle power light—-

brighter than electricity or acetylene

—cheaper than kerosene. No dirt.

No grease. No odor. Over 200 styles.

Ever%lamp warranted. Agents want»

ed. rite for catalog. Do not delay.





TEE an“ mom 00.

280 Ill. 6th at... Canton. Ohio
332 (24) .

SOME QUESTIONS OF' DIET FOR.

CHILDREN.





 





BY CHA'RLOTTE A. AIKENS.





A large proportion of the patients who

visit the office of the average physician

go there to secure relief from some form

of stomach or intestinal trouble. The

trouble is often chronic—dating back for

months or years, worse, sometimes than

others. Probably there have been long

intervals when they felt pretty well. It

is more than likely that many of these

digestive ailments could be traced back

to unwise feeding in childhood. A recent

criticism on the diet of country children

which appeared in a. popular household

magazine, made some startling state-

ments. “Country children,” the writer

says, “often live largely on potatoes,

skim-milk and vegetables. The only ad-'

vantage they have in their diet is that

they often have fruit butter to spread

on their bread, and other forms of pre-

served fruit thru the winter, with a

plentiful supply of fresh fruit during the

summer. But they ought to have in ad-

dition to this diet, fresh meat, (not salt

pork and unskimmed milk), butter and

eggs. * * * Often country children

are not properly fed on the very articles

which the farm produces most abund—

antly, skim-milk nourishes neither call.’

or child, and salt pork has not the nutri-

tive value of good fresh meat and eggs."

' Now, the main statements made in

this arraignment are far from being true

of the children in the average farm home.

One cannot but wonder in what part of

the country the writer got her informa-

tion. The President’s Commission ought

to have its attention called to such con-

ditions, if they exist. Yet it is true, I

believe, as a general thing that the aver-

age farmer has given a good deal more

study to the question of “balanced ra-

tions” for stoek, than the wholesome

feeding for children.



The tendency is to overfecd rather

than the opposite, of which the writer

referred to complains. The tendency is

to give the child, long before his stomach

has developed sufficiently to digest it, a

great many kinds of food which would

tax the digestive powers of the strongest

man. “Feed a child reasonably for the

first seventeen years, and no diet is likely

to disturb it much afterward” is the ad-

vice of a popular teacher on the science

of feeding. The child’s stomach and

brain are quite as undeveloped as his





bone and muscle, and quite unlit for the-





heavy burdens sometimes put on them.

The change from “baby food“ to gen-

eral diet is far too abrupt in many farm

homes. I have seen a mother actually

give her eighteen months’ old daughter

a nice little cucumber pickle to eat. and

when I remonstratcd with her she

laughed and said: “Oh, it won't hurt,

her. She won‘t eat much of it.” Suppose

she didn’t eat much of it; wouldn't even

a little hurt the child a little. Something

else on the same order will hurt it a

little more, and so the little injuries ac-

cumulate till we finally have a dyspeptic.

Who is to blame? I have known an

eighteen months’ old baby to be fed on

suecotash and green corn till the bowels

became ulcerated and the child's life was

despaired of. I know of a child of three

who was allowed to cat as much fl'csh

pork as he choose to stuff down him

and the result was—convulsions and a

very near approach to death. 1 know of

another tllrt-c-ycar-old boy who was fed

on potat0cs, turnips, cabbage and meat

invquaniitics sufficient for a trench—dig-

ger—allowed to dispose of it as fast as

he could possibly shovel it into his little

mouth, till the whole digestive tract was

inflamed and ulcerated and he stll’l‘t-l't-d

from constant discharges of blood and

mucus from the bowels. Chunks of po-

tato as large as the top of the thumb





would pass thru the entire digestive tract .





just as they were swallowed. There is

no great danger of the aVcrage child in

the American home suffering from lack

of nourishing fOod. Thcre is great dan-

ger that he will be allowed too much food

and too great variety in food before his

digestive organs are sufficiently devel-

oped to warrant it.



After a child has reached two years

milk alone does not satisfy, but it should

still form an important part of its diet.

Even Skimmed milk, which the writer

statcd/ “would nourish neither calf nor

child" is a pretty wholesome food for

child or adult. Skim-milk has lost its

fat, which goes towards producing heat

and force, but it still has valuable tis-

sue-building properties. Children should

be taught to sip milk slowly, not gulp

it down.hastily.



Between the ages of two and five, well-





/





‘ ,‘OrCredit ’





cooked cereal foods such as rice, oat-





meal, crushed wheat andvcream of wheat, "





baked’or mashed potatoes occasionally,

some fruits, With bread, eggs, soups and

a very little meat make a. sufficiently

varied diet. Most children at~this age

crave sugar and a certain amount of it

is wholesome. Unless children are

trained to a great variety in diet they

will not clamor for it. Tough vegetables,

especially those having hard, indigest-

ible, woody fibre, such as corn, should

never be allowed in a young child’s diet.

Turnips and carrots and cabbage contain

very little real nourishment. They do

seriously tax the digestive organs even

of adults, and why give them to yOung

children. ‘Why allow any child chow-

chow, or highly spiced foods or pickles

of any kind? Certainly his health does

not demand these articles of diet. Rich

cake, doughnuts, plum pudding and mince

pie and cheese have made many an adult

groan with indigestion. Then why allow

children to have them? Even at Christ-

mas these articles are best not put on

the child’s bill—of-fare. A pretty dessert

of blame-mange or custard of some kind

is more easily made, and far more whole-

some.



After a child has reached the age of

ten or eleven years, more variety can be

permitted. The active, growing boy or

girl needs a larger quantity of food in

proportion to size than the man, but

children need to be wisely guided in mat-

ters of diet. They need_to be taught

self-restraint and to chew all food thor-

oly. They need to be given plenty of

time for meals, and “bolting” of food

should not be allowed. .



An eminent New York physician gives

the following rules in regard to the feed-

ing of young children:



1. Allow time for meals.



2. See that the food is thoroly mas-

ticated.



3. Do not allow nibbling between

meals.



4. Do not tempt the child with the

sight of rich and indigestible food.



5. Do not force the child to eat against

its will. Examine the mouth, which may

be sore from coming teeth. Examine

the food, which may not be properly

cooked or flavored. ,



6. If good food is refused from peev-

ishness, merely, remove it and do not

offer it again before the next meal time.



7. 1n acute illness reduce and dilute

the food at once.



8. In very hot weather give about oneI

fourth or one—third less food and offer

more water.





WOMEN’S DRESS IN THEIR HOMES.





 





/





 





’ shipped over a hundred thousand Kalamazoo Stoves and





l





i





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





BY HELEN WAUGIL



Among the many inconsistencies of our:

women, there is one especially that has

puzzled me greatly. Why do we dress

so abomiuably at home? ”When we go

abroad to meet people whom we care

little or nothing for and who care little

or nothing for us, we bclld our energies

to look our best and behave our best.

“‘hile at home almost anything will do

to wear out and we allow ourselves the

luxuries of bad tempers.



Now, if we wish to appear genteel be-

fore pcople who care nothing for us, how

much more ought we to put forth more

of an effort at home—alllollg those per-

sons whom we love and who love us.



To look well it is quite unnecessary

that a dress be clallorate or of line ma-

tcrial. For a simple work drcss a plain

gingham or calico gown looks much bet—

ter than one of wool stuffs for it can

always be fresh. Let the dress be made

so that it will be loose and easy with no

unsightly gaps at the waist line. This

can be effected either by making a one-

piccc dress or by making the waist and

skirt so they can be hooked or buttoned

upon a single belt. Kcep the neck neat,

I'se lawn turnovers, ascot ties, or ties of

bias strips like the dress.



One woman I know really does a great

deal of hard work but always looks as

fresh as the 'morning. She is somewhat

of a philosopher for she always says,

when asked how she can look so tidy

and do so much Work, “I never feel as it

I am really working when I look Well

cnougll that I need not blush to meet.

any of my friends at the door.”





 





lVe realize the need of conveniences

most when we can least afford to spend

the time to arrange for them. When

we have the most time we are not im-

pressed with the need. This is the rea-

son why the thotful person is better

supplied with handy arrangements about

the home. She appreciates beforehand

the demands that will be made upon her

strength when the rush of work comes.





 

   





 





' Take .Your Choice.

May I Quote Our Factor Price On "A-Kalan’nazoo

. Direct 0 you?”





WANT to save you 30 cents on every dollar of our stove



( money. Selling and shipping direct from our actory to



you at Factory price—plus our small manufacturing profit



—saves you at: least 30c on the dollar from what you would



have to pay a dealer anywhere for a stove or range of quality

equal to “A Kalamazoo Direct to,You.” _



Perhaps we can save you more. It depends on the style of

range or stove you choose.



We have proven the saving to thousands and thousands of

stove buyers throughout the United States. But the saving of

the money isn’t all. We will give you a more satisfactory stove

or range than you can possibly buy from anyone, anywhere.



We’ve been in the stove manufacturing business too long-

and our Square dealing is too well known to make an ofier' to

save you 30c on the dollar if we could not do it.





I Want To Sell You Just The Stove

' You Want For Cash 0r Credit





Our Selling Plan heretofore has been for cash—but we've

Wu Thompson. v. P. ca, I. often had letters from people saying that they would like to



take advantage of our money-sewing prices. believing that we

could give them just the stove or range they wanted. but that as a matter of convenience

to them for the time being. they wanted to buy their stove on charge account, conse-

quently they have given their order to their local dealer-even though they had to pay a

much higher price.



We want your order—whether you are a cash buyer or whether you want to buy on

credit charge account—consequently we will give you your choice. Responsible people

can buy a “Kalamazoo Direct to You" on either plan. Suit your own convenience—and

make the saving our factory price to you direct enables you to make.





I Want To Give You 360 Days’ Approval





Test On Your Stove 01- Range

This is the plan we’ve followed for years. We’ve





 





Ranges direct from factory to users on 360 Days? Approval

Test. 360 Days is along time to test a stove. Surely any

defects must show up in that length of time. If any range

or stove that we sell does not prove to be exactly as we

represent it to be in every detail, during the 360 Days. then

we’ll take it back and refund all of the money you have paid

us. No other range or stove manufacturer in the United

States makes this liberal offer.



It’s impossible for you to buy a range or stove from a

local dealer on this plan, yet we've conducted our business

along this line for'years, and shall continue to as long. as we are in business, 1115 the

most satisfactory plan and the surest way ofgiving every customer absolute satisfaction.“





I Pay All Freight Charges and Guarantee Sale Delivery





Our Stoves and Ranges are all priced delivered at your station—all charges prepaid.

You know exactly what you’ve got to pay for your stove when you order from us

and there will be no freight charges to pay when the stove arrives at your station—thus

on can te llmmediately just how much you are saving by buying from our factory.

{We’ve paid the freight on every stove we’ve sold for years—and we know this plan is a

satisfactory one, both to ourselves and our customers.





I Want to Send You Our Big

Free Factory Stove Book





Showing Over 300 Different Styles and Prices 01

OI Ranges—Cool: Stoves—Healing Stoves and

Gas Ranges. Ask lor Catalogue 113



It's impossible in an advertisement to tell you about our complete

line or about our Selling Plan, but it is all fully explained in our Book.

I want to pay the ostage on this book to you— ave you take it and sit

down in your own clue—away from the ill iluellce of anybody—and read

carefully our proposition. This book is our only salesman. This Book

tells you just. how a. good stove or range is made. This Book

will tell you why our plan of selling direct from factory to

user saves you money and gives you just the kind and Style

of stove or range you want. This book shows you more

styles and sizes of stoves and ranges for every purpose than

could be found in ten—yes twenty, dealers’ stores. This

book will tell you the names and address of thousands of

satisfied customers who have purchased stoves and ranges

from us. Justin. postal card will bring it. In writing men-

tion kind, style and size or stove you want. Please write

for the book today.





William Thompson. V.-P. a. Gen’l Mgr.





Kalamazoo Stove Company

Kalamazoo, Mich.





‘A Kalamam





Direct to You”;





 





Oven Thermometer





 





BosnlnM’s 315- Em LEVEL





400 yards, therefore the problem

ofa. FARM LEVEL with TELESCOPE at moder-

ate cost. has at last been solved. Voluntary letters

from every State in the Union show the complete

satisfaction it gives for all kinds of DRAINAQL

WORK. IRRIGATION, DI'I‘CIIING, TER-

RACING and every sort of farm work requiring

a Level. GUARANTEED to be absolutely SIMPLE,





ACCURATE, DURABLE and dependable in every charges.

respect. NOW is the time to send In your order. Subject to



BOSTROM-BRADY MFG. 00., Examina-

148 Madison Ave., - - - - Atlanta, Ga.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





wnh Maynllylng Glass-s “‘

~ln The Telescope





enables you to read the

Target at. a. distance of over





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Complete

Outfit w i th

f u 11 instruc-

tions, shipped

a n y w h e r e

C.O.D. 815.00



a n d express





tion.





 





 





 

 





\

\

-. .\ ¢





 

 

 





We will ship you a

an approval, freight





propald to any place in the United States without a cent deposit m advance, and allow

ten days free trial from the da you receive it. If it does not suit you in every way and

IS not all or more‘than we claim or it and a better bicycle than you can get anywhere else

regardless of price, or if for_ any reason whatever you do not wish to keepit, ship it back

to us at our expense for freight and you will not be out one cent.

Low F‘c‘ron' PnlcEs We sell the highest grade bic cles direct from factory

to nder at lower prices t an any other house. We

save you 3m to $2 mlddlemen’s profit on every bicycIPhighest grade models with

Puncture-Proof tires, mported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap mail

order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices.

RIDE“ ‘aElTs WANTED in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample

1909 Ran er Bicycle furnished by us. You will he

astonished at the wonderfully low price: and t le liberal propositions and special offers we Will

give on the first1909 sample going to your town. Write at once for our .rfzcz'al afltr.

DO NOT BUY 3 bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at muffin until you receive our catalogue

. and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS: you can sell our bicycles under

'£ your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received.

in. SECOND HAND alcvcuss—a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will

be closed out at once, at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free. ,

TIRES COASTEB BRAKES single wheels, inner tubes. lamps, cyclometcn. pattS. "Pam “d

l g everything in the biclycle line at half the usual rices.

no NOT WAlTbut write today for our Large Catalog beautifully ll terraced and containing c great fun of inter.

eating matter and useful Information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now.





MEAD CYCLE GOMPANY, Dept. BILCHICAGO, ILL.





When writing to advertisers mention Thelllichigtln Farther.





,





 





‘w





 





"'w“‘ _.... "fl ‘ V; WL
'imflmnmnn

V WANJ'ED—A GRANDSM.’





or CORA A. nurson DOLsoN. '





We haven’t any Grandma

At our house now. at all:

Because our ownest Grandma

Went up to Heaven, last fall.





 





I’d like to 'dopt a Grandma—

I wonder if we could?



Who hasn’t any grand-child—

Then she'll be ours for good.





I think a Grandma's nicer

Than almost any one——





~ Lets us have sugar cookies





And cake, and lots of fun.





My own would tell us stories

Of what she used to do:



'She knit, and pieced whole bed-quilts

When she was little, too. ,





If we should ’dopt a Grandma

I want one just_ like her:



We'll have to write off somewhere

And tell what we prefer.





, Or else we'll go and find one,

They’ll be all in a row—

“Old Ladies’,Home” they stay in—

We’ll find one there, I know.





And we’ll be good, and love her,

Yes, love, and kiss her, too;



Maybe she‘ll ask the blessing

Like Grandma used to do.





I’m just as anxious for her,

I’ll see what Mamma‘ll say;



And if she wants to 'dopt her

We’ll find one, right away.





WORRY WRINKLES.





 





 





BY GLADYS HYAT'I‘ SINCLAIR.



To keep the hateful things far in the

limbo of years to come, take equal parts

of sage, essence of wild thyme and for—

get—me-not. Turn over often in the

mind and apply to all the pricks and

stings a housekeeper is heir to.



Don’t believe it? Oh, but try it. The

sage will supply forethot—will attend to

laying out in your own mind, each morn-

ing, the things to be accomplished that

day. . You will lay out too much, of

course. We all do; you will also do a

third more than if you go at the first

thing having no idea of what will follow.

Often your plan must be altered. Then,

if things big and little have been once

definitely thot over, they will change

places and fall into line like trained sol-

diers. If you must wait for the errand

girlie to return, for water to heat, for

belated groceries, a dozen little things

spring up in your mind and half of them

are done “while you wait.“ One less

‘wrinkle.



The forget-me-not of my prescription

works like magic. Worry wrinkles fairly

fatten on the supplies you forgot to order,

the stitch you forgot to take till ready

for town, the letter you forgot to mail,

the library book you forgot to return

or the pancakes you forgot to set over

night.



Thinking things out ahead helps much

here, and few realize how much smooth-

ness of brow may be had by letting the

pencil do some of the remembering.

Make lists. It only takes a minute to

scribble things down and it is such a.

-relief to drop the wrinkle plowing “Now

I must not forget to——"



Keep a calendar handy and mark ahead

dates that you wish to remember. The

very fact that you marked a date helps

you remember and the calendar does

the rest.



Wild thyme is the ingredient hardest

to find. Yet the sense of having time

enough is rest, relief and luxury. You

feel rushed many times, when dressing

for instance, and fly about, making three

moves where one would do, overhauling

drawers, rummaging closets, slamming

doors and ruiiling your temper when the

that, “Now I have plenty of time if I

think what I want next and where it is,"

would bring you out serene and smiling.



The forget—me-not and wild thyme

work together. If you have forgotten to

brush your skirt, to clean your rubbers,

to put a stitch in your glove, or a clean

saver in your collar the wild thyme

grows wilder and the worry wrinkles hold

jubilee.



If once they get fairly at home on your

sweet face you will find the “pound of

cure" heavy and costly beside this “ounce

of prevention."





A KITCHEN THAT WILL PLEASE

THE HOUSEKEEPER.





 





To secure the maximum of convenien-

ces at a cost within reach of the ordinary

pocket and to arrange these conveniences

to make necessary the expenditure of the

minimum of energy on the part! of the

housewife was the object in the planning

of the kitchen illustrated on this page.

A model was exhibited at a recent con-

ference of housekeepers at the University





 





of Missouri. It was designed by Dr. Day

of that institution. The following words

are used by the department of’ agricul-

ture in describing the arrangement:



In this model kitchen a. model kitchen

cabinet, which provides many conven~

iences and has the advantage of grouping

working materials at hand where they

are needed, is placed where there is good

light, next to the stove, on the one hand,

and to the cold pantry, on the other,

with the sink at the back. The stove

is also placed where light is abundant.



The easily [cleaned refrigerator, in the

conveniently placed cold pantry, has

an ice door that can be reached from the

outside, saving the kitchen floor the drip-

ping and footprints which generally mark

the iceman’s path. Outside of 'the pan-

try window is a box in which food can

be kept cold many months in the year

without the use of ice. If well finished

and painted the color of the house on

the outside, this need not mar the ex-

terior appearance of the house. The

shelves in the pantry afford room for

storing food materials.



The small table on rollers can be

moved into the cold pantry for pastry

work, when the kitchen is too hot. It

can conveniently find place between the

kitchen cabinet and stove when frying

or other cooking makes a table at that

point convenient. In kitchens where

sink and china closet are far apart, such





 





a table saves many steps at dish-wash-

ing time. In this kitchen the lowest shelf

of the china pantry is convenient for the

reception of dirty dishes from the dining-

room table. Here they can be scraped

and piled and passed thru the window

on to the shelf at the right of the sink.





A window at the end‘of t‘he’drain board





gives light for the dish washing and





 





 





 





 





 





.9‘x/6

B





 





55'. 372’

A

l i





kitchen: C. butler’s





A. Cold pantry: B.

pantry; D, back hall, E,

1. Window box to be used to keep fond

material in cold weather. 2. Refrigeratm

with outside door for icing. 3. Kitchen

cabinet. 4. Range. 5. Sink with shelves

and draining board on either side. 6.

Door for passage of soiled dishes from

pantry into kitchen. 7. Door for clean

dishes to be passed back. 8. Shelves in

pantry. 9 and 10. Shelves with glass

doors. 11. Shelves in cold pantry.

allowsnif the view be good, a. chance

for inspiration during the mechanical

work of dish wiping. The window into

the cupboard over the drain board may

be made small, allowing simply for the





passage inward 0f the piles of clean,

dishes, or may be made large enough to;





give access to the back of all the shelves

in that part of the pantry, allowing each

dish to go directly from the dish towel

to its place on the pantry shelf. The

opening may be closed with glass or

wooden doors.



At the farther end of the kitchen is a

place for the ironing board near to both

stove and windows, but entirely out of

the way of other workers in the room.

It may be 'hinged to the wall at one end

and folded up into a. wall cabinet when

not in use. Inclosed shelves below may

give place for the irons, holders, and

wax. The heights of the ironing board.

sink, and table should be suitable to the

height of the worker. A high stool can

be used to advantage at the sink and

kitchen cabinet. Every kitchen should

have at least one comfortable chair.

Since at best many hours daily must be

spent in the kitchen, its arrangements

and equipments should be such as to

make the work there as easy and attrac-

tive as possible.





How many times the tired, but happy

mistress of the house has exclaimed, when

it was all over and the entire house as

sleek as a pin, “Oh, if it would only stay

clean!"





' THE .MJCHIGAN FARMER-





 





“SPECIAL MERIT”

‘ SEAMLESS

SCHOOL SHOES





SCHOOL SHOES without seams-think of

it—seamless school shoes! They are

strong and sturdy, have seamless uppers. tough

soles and double leather toes. By far the most

durable and lasting shoes obtainable.



"Special Merit” Seamless School Shoes "wear

like iron.” They wear just twice as long as ,

ordinary shoes with seams.



Made in all styles and sizes. for every day and



. Sunday Wear—for boys and girls.



Your dealer will supply you; if not.

write to us. Look for the Mayer

Trade Mark on the sole.





FREE—If you will send no the name of 3

dealer who doc: n o t handle Special Merit

School Shoes, we will send you free. pooc-

wld, a beautiful picture of George or Monk.



uhington. size 15:20. Sat. Which picture

you want.



We also make Leading Lady Shoes.

Honorbilt Shoes, Martha Washington

Slender! Shoe. and Yam Cushion



oes.





F. Mayer BootEShoe Co.

mwauuawxsconsm .





is. /





FOR BOYS

and GIRLS





 





 





dining room. ;





 





 





l





 





Apr..6 and 20 '

May 4 and 18





Plan to go on one of these days-

take advantage of the low fares offered

bythe Rock Island-FrisGO—C. & E. I. Lines.

and see for yourself the opportunities that

are open to you in the Southwest. The trip

will not cost you much. These special low-

fare tickets over the Rock Island-Frisco-C. &

E. I. Lines will permit you to go one way and

return another, without extra. cost. As the Rock

Island-Frisco Lines have over 10.000 miles of railway

through the best sections of the Southwest. you will

see more of the Southwest than you could in any

other way. and will be better able todecide where you

wont to locate.



Ask the ticket agent in your home town to sell you a.

ticket over the Rock Island-FriscoC. & E. 1. Lines. either

through Chicago. St. Louis. Kansas City. St. Joseph. Mem-

phis or Birmingham, according to your location.



If you will write me a postal and tell me where you want to

go. I will tell you the cost of a. ticket. and will send you

a complete map-schedule. showing time of trains. together





with illustrated book.





Texas, Oklahoma. Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Kansas and Missouri





Look at this Southwestern matter through your pocketbook.

What does it cost. you to feed your stock through the winter? Southwestern





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

   

 





How much did you pay to build warm shelter for them i cattle have

. good range

How much stock do you lose every Winter from exposure and all car





cold‘l How much does fuel cost you every winter 3



How much do you lose by being idle all winter?



Figure out what all that costs and you will see what a. winter

in the North costs you. for you would have none of these

expenses in the Southwest.



Neither would you have the discomforts of scold winter.

You could live a. free. outdoor life and be as well and happy

as a man wants to be. You can get fine land for $5 to $25

an acre. This cheap land is as good as $25 to $100 land up

North. and in a few short years will sell for as much.

The men who are buying these farms today are going to

be the wealthy farmers of the future. Why don’t you

break away from your small Northern farm and get

a big farm in the Southwest. where you can get

ahead rapidly ‘i





Let me send’gou some interesting books about the

Southwest. he Will inform you of opportunities

walhng for on t ere, and will open your eyes

new posstbl itios. Write for free copies today.





JOHN SEBASTIAN, Pass. Traf. Mgr.





1862 13383118 Station.

Chicago



1853 Frisco Bull .



St. Louis





PAROID ROOFING





PAROID is a tried roofing—it has stood the test of time and is

used by the U. S. Government and farmers on all kinds of buildings.

You take no risk with PAROID ROOFING because'it is made

better than any other ready roofing on the market. It lasts longer.

_ Sun, rain, hail, cold, snow and wind have no effect on PAROID.

It is a wonderful fire resister.



, See the men who have used PAROID ROOFING and

you will find satisfied customers. We make every PAROID

customer a satisfied customer.



Uncle Sam is now sending nearly a million square feet

of PAROID to Italy for homes for earthquake sufferers.



If interested in plans for farm and poultry build-

ings send for our book “Practical Farm Buildings" and

sample of Paroid Roofing. FAROID is sold by dealers,



if not for sale in your town write us and we will supply you.



x F. W. BIRD & SON. MAKERS.

a; 122 [KILL ST.. EAST WALPOLE.



m MAS





I!!!





(ll/1!.
rs.-





'«amxaga«.n..-.m “mug.-.“ mum;::;a_...r\-> ..-. 5.. .. —





2—3.1 1.2,: #44:. ;:' .; .





5.





,r» - A,A..-‘._.:t__. Ame“,- .

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3.34” w» , ‘





woman's couensss AT ammo-up

INSTITUTE.





 





The second day of the Womens’ Con-

gress found thé church filled'to over-

flowing.' After prayer, Mrs. Alfred C.

Rowlader gave a short address of wel-

come. The leading speakers being ab-





sent, the meeting »was made interesting





by each taking an active part in the dis-

cussions of particular problems, new

ways of doing things and in asking ques-

tions. Mrs. E. C. Rowe then favored the

ladies with a vocal solo, responding to

an encore.



Mrs. F. D. Saunders, past lecturer of

the Michigan State Grange, was then

asked to talk on the subject assigned to

Mrs. C. L. Baxter, of Ingham C0,, “Up-

to-Date housekeeping.” This she did

very ably. Home will be home if there

is the home spirit within, whether it be

in the city, village, or country. She re-

ferred to the aim of this work and feared

she had no new thot to give. In flights

of imagination we look down upon the

farm homes of Michigan and discover

the needs. We can not expect to give

an outline whereby housekeepers might

go home and revolutionize their house-

keeping. And yet we may gather an

abundance of things to take home and

weave into our everyday life. Many

things that will tend to develop and

broaden the scope of farm lives.



. The up-to-date housekeeper will recog-

nize the importance of her work. House-

keeping is a profession, can sustain all

the dignity of any profession; in fact.

it is the ideal profession. Don't become

enthused with it spasmodically, as it

were. but continue your interest thru

the year and aim to improve. The ap—

preciation of the work is growing day

by day, year by year, because of new

thots, new ideas, and new ways. Crush

the sentiment regarding the drudgery of

housekeeping. Banish the thot of doing

for our families and loved ones. as a

menial labor and mere drudgery, then

dignify and ennoblc our calling. Plan

the best way of proceeding-day by day,

and step by step. It is positively es-

sential that housekeepers use new and

up-to-date methods in housekeeping.

Study new departures. 'She referred to

some new innovations in arranging and

furnishing a home, particularly in the

way of floors and carpets, advising the

use of hardwood floors, not only for the

convenience of using large or small rugs

instead of carpets, but from a sanitary

standpoint. Have method, or system in

work and not an antiquated method. In

connection with this, have order, altho

in the homes breaks may often occur.

Yet, with system, these can be more

easily bridged over, and the thread taken

up again. The admirable system in rail-

road work was pointed out. Each house—

keeper can best devise her own system.

One aim should be to make the head

save the heels. Association of ideas

enables us to do things easier, to pause

and think of what is coupled with this

.work.



The up-to~date housekeeper will surely

find time for rest periods There is an

actual necessity for this—time to relax

muscles, rest eyes, the whole body. All

housekeepers require these rests from

physical labor; it may be from five min-

utcs to a half hour or longer. Control

brain as well as body. In fact, rest body,

brain and muscles. Have opportunity

daily to feed the mind. Be sure to read

that which does feed the mind. See that

you are growing mentally. Mind can and

will grow even after the physical ceases

to grow, and the up-to—date housekeeper

will see that it docs grow.



Mrs. John Ken-hum, of Barry county,

added many good thots to this talk. The

housekeeper is something more than a

mere craftsman and cannot be DlZU‘Ml in

this category, as she directs as well as

executes. Good health is necessary to

good housekeeping. Too many girls take

up other lines of work and continue this

until broken down. Then they take. up

housekeeping. Executive ability and

adaptability are essential, also retentive

memory and good judgment and knowl—

edge of business. Children may be

taught to do more in the way of helping

than in making work. The housekeeper

must be artist, chemist, doctor, judge,

seamstress, and, in addition to this, have

some knowledge of other occupations and

professions. As chemist she, must know

how to prepare food; as doctor how to

care for the health of her family; as

judge to settle disputes between chil-

dren. Must actually know something

about how to build a house and espec-

ially how to plan a kitchen. Success de-





-.; ' ,.. ,..,





, . - . , ‘ ' l

I .

s.





pends much upon attitude of mind, too

’many making much trouble and worry

over Work and wishing to be in seine

.other field of occupation. , ,



Mrs. D. Houghton, of Isabella 00., re-

marked that the American woman is

usually willing to do things when she





 





 





 





doing. She must be educated to know F A R

Young mothers should rest. Do not get



Music was furnished at this time by

gram, “A Talk on Shakespeare,” by Miss your need83and know



9

the Shakespearian dramas which was and that S Why

Making a Life,” which had been assigned

making a life. The making a living pro-

life is the preparation here for the ElkSkln upper, (elther blaCk 01" tan), WIth

patable. Many of us are doing what is

This mystical world of ours; « i A‘: . . I Skln and durable as Iron.

sibility of making a life. It is just that‘

fully done, that makes for the noblest

HlRTH-KRAUSE c0.,





that rest is necessary. We must not

overtired; it is impossible to build up SHOES

bodies of poor, tired children as well as ' _

students from the Central Normal School.

Helen Converse, assistant principal of your requirements

)

thoroly enjoyed by everyone present.

to Mrs. Barnum, of Calhoun Co. She

vides only for temporal needs: making a

future and higher life. While there is Trade Mark. 1.d 1 l h

called making a living, and many are

failing to make a life worth the living.

Life’s field will yield, as we make it,

A harvest of thorns or of flowers.” 1] AhSK y’gutli'ldealier {orkthen}; If

e asn em llSOC Wl‘lellS

. ,

life. Small things in the everyday rou—I

tine may be just the things to make or1

to mar the life. Someone has said, that. . L Shoe Manufacturers,

“Tis easy enough to look pleasant





We make a specialty

overwork for we are the mothers of the

mothers, so take time for rest, mentally , .

That s our busmess.

Then came one of the most delightful

the Mt. Pleasant high school. Miss Con-

Mrs. Johnston followed with a discus-

said in part: There is a vast difference . WEAR SO WELL.

a vast difference between making a living

ter, insole and outsole.

Alice Cory says:

It is a mistaken idea that the neces—

and we will provide a way for

thi t l— k l

“'hcn life flows along like a song, ‘ Be surecolorss Ornag‘eeniyaéarggpears n GRAND RAPIDS! " MICHIGAN-





' I

of manufacturing

knows there is some good object in the 'V

race. Tired mothers make 'tired children.

and physically.

We have studied

and entertaining numbers on the pro-

verse gave a comprehensive review of

sion of the topic, “Making a Living or

between making a living and that of Th-

15 cut shows one of them. ‘It has an

and making life, the two are not incom-

Theyare pliable as buck-

“It is not just as we take it,

sity of making a living precludes the pos—y .

everyday drudgery, if rightly and cheer- . I You to flat them-

But the woman worth while





Is the one who can smile,





Rouge ReXShoes





 





When everything is going dead wrong.”



Cheerfulness, unselfishness, charity and:

honesty are perhaps the chief charac-

teristics of the right life. \Vhen I say

charity, I do not mean the giving of

aims. That I believe. to be the least im-

portant, but charitable in our thots, our

acts, and our jiugnH-nts toward and of

others. Most of you can call to mind

today many men and Women who have

been wonderfully successful in making a

living but What have they uonc toward

making a life?





A SURETY BOND

with every roll





. , _ Congo is the The Surety Company is issuing

The finished life of the individual low— ~ ‘ only Ready Roof- thesebonds,andbackofthemistheirlwo





est in the scale of human labor may . . . . . .

. . ’ rr :1 the National Sure! million dollarso assets. ltisamatter

best fit into the divine setting, because mg ca y‘ g y ' f





Of the patience the SP]f_,.(.mnm.;au,m the ,‘ r. Co's. bond. It carries with it of keensatisfactiontousthattheywere

Cheer-fill life that amounts to heroism in V terms and conditions that malce willingtostand behind CongoRoofing.





 





Ulitt lOWlY 11f“. Ill'dicf’t‘ Cliili'lt'S Kings/- ‘ it especially attractive to anYonc You are immune from any re-

1“ has pm this law In thew beautiful who must consider the roofing ques- sponsibility other than giving the roof-

ines: _ .

“Be good dear child, lion. ‘ ing ordinary care.



And let “'1.” W1“ be clever; For l0 years you can rest easy Write to-day for. samples 0‘

DO noble things, > f -f r d with Congo and full information.



Not dream them all day long, ‘ ibout your roos l cove c ' .

And so make life, death and that vast 3-ply Congo, and we know that it Remember, that With every roll



forever, is probable you will get even longer of Congo you get a genuxne Surety





 





1. Y i ' ” . a

One gland, svuct song. cerv1ce out of it. Bond.

Mrs. Youngblood not being prtscnt, ‘





» ’ Successor to

wrote up her subject and the pup: r was UNITED ROOFING AND ”F G' CO"





Buchanan Foster Co.

535 WEST END TRUST BLDG.. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

~ SAN FRANCISCO.

__





I

Armor Brand meare

2': coated will: an extra flan/y coat of pure tin—that’s why





It Wears and Wears





When you buy “aware, buy by the name Armor

g Brand and prove its superiority to yourself—then

Music Course. in Um. ”wk. Ry “7:11t0r‘l ' , . \ \ _ \ \ \ \ remember the name and you’ll always be able to

H. Aiken, Supervisor of Music, Cincinnati} . ‘\\\~T ~ . . I‘ ~ et good tinware. Be sure the Armor Brand

19-» . \

"Msva \ »





public schools. This new book contains‘ .._\ label is on every piece you buy.

a large collection of one part songs, avaii-,I





able to singers of any age. It also pron; . \ 7

vides a well—chosen collection of songs; A B d T

for two, three and four parts. Cloth“ ' rmor ran lnware

square 8vo, 208 pages. Price, 50 cents , 15 the 0in tinware made and sold under a.

American Book Companx ‘ t d kyl b 1 Th 1 bel ' t



, ‘ / ‘_ 5 ra emar a e . at a. is your guaran ee



Nature Study for Primary Grades. By: - . -



Horace H. Cummings, B. 8.. former i of good quality. If your dealer hasn t it send





Supervisor Of Nature Study, State N013 us his name and we’ll see that you are supplied.

mal school, University of Utah. A helpful;





read by Mrs. John Kotchum, of iarry -

county, and afterwards discusm-d by Bliss : CHIC‘AGO

Jennie Bucll, of Ann Arbor. \\'o hope to ' -

give extracts from this letter lalrr. Music,

was furnished by the, Blissl-s Mildred

Smith, Lucile \Vright ]it'l'lllil. ’i‘icc and

Ilarriet McGi't-aham, while Miss l‘lllcn

McNamara delighted all with her read-

ings.

Ingham Co. Mus. E. .i. C‘izm'rs.





 





BOOK NOTICES.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





teacher’s manual for the first three! Send for Free Recipe BOOK

grades. The children are interested in u " ‘t/zaut W!!!"

the various forms of life by constant ap- W/zolesome Cookmg‘ IV: a





 





peal to their instinct to investigate and

their love of imitation. Cloth, 12m0,

180 pages, with illustrations. Price, $1.00.

American Book Company.





 





.i’





' THE, MICHIGAN FMMER. * > , V * ’ ‘ - mom is»





 

 

 

 





 





, 'W’“ a * If
5‘3“»; 41"





5





w ,





W





 





;





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





i "st noose-w 'msrrrU'l'E:





 





,; (Continued from page 315).

iwhlch are capable of producing dairy

products profitablytand at the same tine

offspringwhich are capable of being de-

veloped into good, beet animals. In order

to demonstrate this last mefihod a" grade

, beef herd has‘ been meintained' at the

:I»College during the past three years, con~

‘X‘sisting of Shorthorn grade cows such as

are commonly found thruout the country.

The herd was divided into two lots of

ten head each. One lot suckled their

calves thruout the entire period of lac-

tation;. in the case 01' the other lot, the

cows were milked, the fat removed from

the same and the skim-milk returned to

the calves. The sucker calves received

Such supplementary feed as they would

consume in addition to the milk procured

from their mothers. The skim—milk

calves were liberally supplied with meal,

ensilage and clover hay.- In May, 1907,

the second year‘s lots of calves were

marketed at from 16 to 18 months of age.

"at weights approaching 1,000 lbs. Both

lots sold at the same price, viz., 5%0 per

lb. The pail-reared calves had cost

about 4150 per lb. and the suckers about

flee. The suckers were much heavier

than the other lot at weaning time, but

ted more slowly later so that the pail

calves gained upon them to within 30

lbs. of the same weight before sale.

This same year the ten cows milked

produced about 250 lbs. of butter each.

Records were kept of each individual.

No difficulty was experienced in securing

650-700 lbs. weight with pail-fed steers.

at 12 months of age, costing from 31,5 to

4%c per lb. There is no secret to suc—

cess in pail calf rearing; it is dependent

only on regular and abundant supplies 01'

good nutritious feed, properly mixed and

varied.



Prof Shaw was obliged to leave at

once to catch a train and Mr. A. L. Hop-

kins, of Bear Lake, took up the discus-

sion and answered questions.



The closing feature of this program

Was an excellent talk by Dr. 'L. M. Hurt,

in charge of the Veterinary Department

at M. A. C. His subject was “Better

Horses for Michigan,” and his treatment

of it included reasons why Michigan

should take higher rank as a horse—pro-

ducing state, followed by some practical

suggestions touching the improvement

of its horse stock. As present space will

not. allow the extended review which

this address deserves, the major portion

of it will be presented thru the.live

stock columns of a subsequent issue of

this paper.



That the interest continued undimin-

ished to the very end was evidenced by

the good attendance which greeted the

speakers at the closing session held on

Friday evening. President C. T. Grawn,

of the Central Normal School, occupied

the chair. The first address, “The Mak-

ingof a Man," was delivered by Presi-

dent E. B. Bryan, of Franklin College,

Indiana. His main thot was that a true

man and a successful, honorable career

are rarely or never found except where

the value of uprightness of character has

been instilled in early youth. With the

ambition to attain to the highest success

and to prove an honor to his chosen

profeSSion or calling firmly implanted in

the young mind, it remains for the

teacher or parent to discover the natural

bent of that mind and to guide it in

that direction.



In the absence of Prof. C. E. Holmes.

to whom the next topic had been as—

signed, Mr. J. C. Ketcham, Superintend-

ent of Schools of Barry Co., responded.

The subject was “The Value of Indus-

trial Education,” and Mr. Kctcham de-

plored the apparent failure of our pres-

ent school system so far as pertains to

the fitting, for the duties of life, that

tremendously large proportion of our

youth who never reach high schools or

colleges. The work of the public schools

should be shaped and planned to best

meet the needs of the great mass of

pupils who can go no higher. The in-

troduction of industrial education would

go far in remedying this defect and in

conserving the great ocean of mental

resources now going to waste.





 





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





February Weather.—-The temperature

and precipitation averaged above normal.

The ground was covered with snow most

of the first two decades, but was nearly

bare in the lower peninsula. at,the close

of the month. A heavy ’sleet storm oc-

curred in the southeastern portion of

the lower peninsula on the 15th and 16th.



In answer to the question, “Has Wheat

during February suffered injury from any

cause?" 146 correspondents in the south—

ern counties answer “yes." and 193 “no;"

in the central counties 86 answer “yes,"





and 05" “no," and "in the northern coun-

«ties 47 answer “yes" and 71 “no." Snow

protected wheat in the southern counties

1.88 weeks, in the central counties 2.03,

in the northern counties 2.61 and in the

state 2.06 weeks.



The average depth of snow on Febru-

ary 15th was, in the southern counties

3.51 inches, in the central counties 3.04,

in the northern counties 4.31 and in the

state 3.57 inches. On the 28th the aver-

age depth o'f snow in the southern coun-

ties was 0.50 of an inch, in the central

counties 0.72 of an inch, in the northern

counties 4.28 inches and in the state 1.39

inches.



Whats—The total number of bushels

of wheat marketed by farmers in Febru-

ary at 117 flouring mills is 132,339 and

at 92 elevators and to grain dealers

93,517, or a total of 225,856 bushels. Of

this amount 175,109 bushels were mark-

eted in the southern four tiers of coun-

ties, 42,152 in the central counties and

8,595 in the northern counties. The esti—

mated total number of bushels of wheat

marketed in the seven months, August-

February, is 7,000,000.



The amount of wheat yet remaining

in possesion of growers is estimated at

4,750,000 bushels. Seventy-eight mills,

elevators and grain dealers report no

wheat purchased in February.



The average condition of live stock in

the state is reported as follows, compari-

son being vmade with stock in good, heal-

thy and thrifty condition: Horses, 96,

cattle and swine 94 and sheep 95.





- NATIONAL CROP REPORT.





 





The Crop Reporting Board of the Bu-

reau of Statistics, United States Depart-

ment of Agriculture, estimates, from the

reports of correspondents and agents 'of

the Bureau, that the Quantity of wheat

in farmers’ hands on March 1, 1909, was

about 21.6 per cent, equivalent to 14?,-

692,000 bushels, of last year’s crop. as

compared with 23.5 per cent (148,721,-

000 bushels) of the 1907 crop on hand

March 1, 1908, and 24.6 per cent (158,008,—

000 bushels), the average for the past

ten years of the quantity on hand on

March 1. It is estimated that about

59.2 per cent of the crop will be shipped

out of the counties where grown, as com-

pared with 58.0 per cent of the 1907 crop,

and' 56.6 per cent, the average for the

past ten years, so shipped out.



The quantity of corn in farmers’ hands

on March 1, 1909, is estimated as 39.3

per cent. equivalent to 1,047,763,000

bushels, of last year’s crop, as compared

with 37.7 per cent (962,429,000 bushels)

of the 1907 crop on hand March 1, 1908,

and 39.0 per cent (900,663,000 bushels),

the average for the past ten years of the

quantity of the crop on hand March 1.

It is estimated that about 21.3 per cent

of the crop will be shipped out of the

counties where grown, as compared with

18.0 per cent of the 1907 crop, and 20.0

per cent, the average for the past ten

years so shipped out. The proportion

of the total crop which is merchantable

is estimated as 88.2 per cent of the 1908

crop. as compared with 77.7 per cent

of the 1907 crop, and 83.4 per cent the

average of the past ten years.



The quantity of cats in farmers’ hands

on March 1, 1909, is estimated as 34.6 per

cent, equivalent to 278,847,000 bushels of

last year's crop. as compared with 35.5

per cent (267,476,000 bushels) of the 1907

crop on hand March 1. 1908, and 37.0 per

cent (311,199,000 bushels), the average

of the past ten years of the quantity of

the crop on hand March 1. It is esti-

mated that 30.3 per cent of the crop will

be shipped out of the counties where

grown, as compared with 28.0 per cent of

the 1907 crop, and 27.3 per cent, the

average for the past ten years so Shipped

out.





 





Steel Shoes for Farmers.



Thousands of farmers have discontin—

ued the use of all-leather work shoes‘

and are now wearing the new steel

shoes. The time. is undoubtedly coming

when the use of steel shoes for outdoor

work will be universal. All-leather

shoes, no matter what they cost, become

watersoaked in a comparatively short

time when worn in the mud or slush.

Coughs, colds and rheumatism or even

the dread pneumonia, result from cold.

wet feet. In drying out, the leather soles

curl up and thus the shape of the entire

shoe is ruined. Corns, callouses and bun—

ions result from wearing such shoes.

Steel shoes have an absolutely rigid sole,

which forces the leather to keep its

shape. This extends an inch above the

bottoms all around the shoe. The bot

toms are studded with adjustable steel

rivets, which can be replaced as fast as

they wear out. No other repairs are

ever necessary. The fact has been ’de~

monstratcd time and again that one pair

of steel shoes will outlast three to six

pairs of all—leather shoes. Yet the cost

of steel shoes is less than all-leather

shoes. Every wearer of steel shoes is

so pleased with their comfort and service

that he becomes a committee of one to

tell his friends and neighbors about the

benefits of wearing them. Readers of

this paper who seek an easy, comfort-

able shoe and perfect safety from all the

ills that follow cold, wet feet, should

wear steels. The Steel Shoe (10., Dept.

95, Racine, Wisconsin, or Toronto, Can—

ada, make them. Send them $3.00 for

6—inch high shoes, or $3.50 for a pair of

9-inch high Shoes, mentioning this paper.





 





The 22nd annual catalog and price list

of the Home Nursery, published by Irvm

Ingels, La Fayette, Ills., Prop., describes

and illustrates the line of trees, shrubs

and plants sold direct to the farmer from

this nursery.





 





I received the sewing machine yester-

day all right. Nothing broke. and if it

will work-as good as it looks I think we.

will be well satisfied with it.——J0hn Door,





 





   

 





Our Free Offer'l‘o to:





In order to tell you more fully abOut

the merits of B. P. S. Paint we offer you

free, our





B. P. 5. Paint Budget.





This is a package of paint literature that

you will find of value whether you are

thlnking of using paint now or later on.





One of the booklets in the Budget tells

how to avoid paint troubles, another is a

handsome folder, showing how to test

your paint before buying. Still another

is a booklet of color samples full of informa-

tIOIl on estimating the quantity required, with special rules and

other information which will mean money in your pocket.



We offer this to you free in order that you may “investi-

gate- B.;P. 5. before investing.”





THE PATTERSON-SARGENT PAINT CO.





GENERAL OFFICES AND FACTORY: CLEVELAND. OHIO

Chicago New York Boston Kansas City St. Paul





---------_I_-Il—l—-_1

'style “B" Address Our Nearest Factory

’0' u 10" HUMANE HORSE COLLAR COMPANY I





war and factory I?“ S. 13th St, Omaha, Nob. .

Paulo 1608 Lowe Chic: 0 lie is. [11.

I 0',"an TY 3‘” 8 Kb





 





Cincinnati





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 





Sold Mo Your Free Book. “Hone Collar Sense," and Toollmo-

III-lo Tullngfilho-I How I Can Protect .1 “mos "on! All Colloi-

Troubles wml Ibo Whlpplo humane Home Coll-r. Also Toll Mo tho

Prloo 0! One Sol.





Address ..





own

Please fill in this also—



HarnessDeeler'anme



His Address





Town ....................................... State................---.--.-.

.—-—-—--------—_-—

Thousands and Thousands of Farmers Ara Writing Us for Our Book About





WHIP PLE HUMANE

HORSE COLLARS





Send Us Your Name and Son llow to Protect Your Valuable Horses and Cure Your Suflorln Horses—Sold on 15

Days' 'l'rIel- Cost No More Than Old-Style Collar, llamas and Short Tug: Which 1‘ av Displace

When a men can buy a Whipple Humane Horse Collar that will keep his horse well. It Is a crime

to torture hlm with a. collar that will make him sore. And It’s bad policy from a money-In-your-pocket

piolnt oéoyllew. Consider these facts and decide to try at least one not of Whlpplo Humane

orse are.





Sold By Over 2,500 Harness Dealers E verywhere ,But

if Your Dealer Don’t Happen to Have Them Yet, We

Will Supply You—Over 35,000 Sold Last Year





Don’t use "sweet pads." It's cruel—especially In hot weather—Injures your horses and costs more

In every way. Use Whipple Humane Horse Collars and your horses will have no more sores—

galls or bruised shoulders. No more wasted time. No more loss 01 valuable horses ruined by sores,

bunches or aloe-ued shoulders. No more nweenled oolu either; can’t be. Tell you WBY- You’ll

see In a mlnute from the illustrations here. but better In our Free Book, “Horse Collar Son-e.” or

by examining Whipple Humane Home Collars at your harness dealer’s. The simple facts are Just

these: l-The pulllng surface on these collars is properly distributed. z—Your horses pull the heaviest

load easiest with these collars because there are 45 square inches of pulllnxsurfece on each shoulder“

compared with only 10 square Inches on old-style

name collars. 3—The burden of pulling comes on f N send

above the lower shouldeg jo‘irit. givingJ tpe horse a. 8 0

chance to step w thout ru 3 us the 0 nt where

most bruises come. 4—There Is no pressure on M are Your



and





the thin skin and flesh over the shoulder blade



Where so much trouble In causedt Wltlfl old-style

collars. fi—No pressure ate on opo the neck

or on the windplpe or breast to shut off the Better .

horse's breethlng.





Every set comes complete and ready to use— Eve”





less trouble to put on and take oif and fit any

horse perfectly all the tlmo by slmple adjusl- w

ment. Built to last for years by expert workmen, av

and of durable materials. erte us today for

Free Book and testimonials. Address our

Nearest Factory as below: ,





HUMANE HORSE

COLLAR O 0.





1964 South 13II Streel, Omaha, Nebraska

1608 low: Sin-eel, Chicago Heights. Illinols





 

 





 

 





 

   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

   

   

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   





 

 

 

 





c; w . .

wine-v





 





 

 





One man with a. Louden Litter Carrier

on Loudenloverhead steel track system can

clean the barns in half the time that two men

‘ would take without it. That’s Louden econ-

omy. On every up-to-date farm ~your farm

-—the Louden Litter Carrier and steel track

system will earn its cost many times a year.

Track can be bracketed to burn wall—out one door

—in at. other and in this Way no switch is needed.

Manure 10m ed direct on wagon or spreader—Its

full fertilizing value thus saved.





Louden Litter Carriers





are made of heavy galvanized steel—wear for years:

have improved worm gear—l pound on ohnln um 40

pounds In box; box stands at any elevation — raised

or lowered any distance up to 25 feet; have many

special advantages not found in other makes.

Send today for valuable lroo book on manure uses

and catalog of ha 1and litter carriers sanitary steel

stalls, cow stanc Ions, etc., for modern barns.





Loudcn Machinery (30.,





603 Broadway. Falrlield, Iowa





 





 

 





   

   





 





 





Holland. Mich.
a-..» .,. Mina...





.W. A.‘ :_.=._n.,¢w1.-..n ..... . . .





.. XA—z.





 





3367'. (28);.





L THE DAIRY





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





 





 





DEVELoPlNG A HIGH GRADE DAIRY





COW.



As one travels thru the dairy sections

of the country during the late fall and

early winter and sees the scrawny, un—

thrifty. humped up young heifers, that

are lacking in vitality, in size and capa-

city, and in fact everything that goes

to make up a profitable cow, he can no

longer wonder why so many men are

feeding unprofitable dairy COWS, or why

the average production of dairy products

is so low.



The common practice of weining tile

calves when they are three day of age,

of putting them on a diet of skim-milk

and whey for a few weeks, and then

turning them out in some sun-burnt

pasture to survive or perish, is one of

the chief causes of so many inferior,

weak constitutioned, unprofitable cows

being found in the average dairy farmers'

barns at the present time. The men who

talk so reverently of nature and fear

so much to improve upon her, seem to

forget that in the natural state the calf

ran with its dam until she was dry, and

that our modern dairy cows are in a

highly developed artificial condition and

therefore require artificial methods of

feeding in order that they may develop

the good qualities which have been in-

tensified by genefation after generation

of good breeding and changed environ-

ment.



It will be my purpose in this article

to explain the best and most practical

methods of feeding and caring for the

young heifers in order that they may de—

velop into large, vigorous, high-produc-

ing cows, and to point out to the reader,

in a practical and concise manner, the

fundamental principles that underlie the

development of the heifer. It is upon

this development that the heifer’s suc-

cess or failure will depend when she is

called upon to take her place in the

dairy.



How Foods Affect Development.



To arrive at an understanding as to

110w the «foods .affect the organs of di-

gestion, let us make a study of the four

stomachs of the calf, and trace their

growth and development from the time

the calf is born until it has reached full

maturity.



In the young calf we find that the

fourth stomach is fully developed and

larger than the other three, which are

imperfectly developed. This arises from

the fact that the nutriment on which

the calf subsists (its mother’s milk), is

so easily digested that it requires but

little exertion for the organs of digestion.

The other three stomachs are practically

useless until the calf begins to feed upon

grass, forage or dry food, when the whole

digestive apparatus gradually becomes

developed.



When a calf begins to eat solid food

it begins to ruminate; and as the quan-

tity of dry food is increased, so does

the size of the first stomach increase

until it attains its full growth. When

the first stomach has become fully de-

veloped it is larger than the other three

stomachs combined. The accompanying

diagrams show the relative proportions

of the four stomachs of the calf and the

relative proportions of the four stomachs

of the fully developed cow. The curious

modification of these organs to adjugt

themselves to the altered conditions of

the animal can easily be understood by

referring to these drawings. The letter

(a) denotes the first stomach: (b) the

second stomach, or honey-comb bag; (0)

the third stomach, or many plies; (d)

the fourth stomach, or reed and (e) a

portion of the esophagus, as it is con-

nected with the first stomach.



A study of the above facts teaches us

that we must feed the calf at first with

the milk from its own dam, which at the

time of its birth is of a peculiar char-

acter. It acts as- a gentle purge, indis-

pensable to its health at this critical

period, but which would prove injurious

to its health at a later stage of its

growth. In order that we may preserve

the thriftiness and health of the young

calf it is best to feed it an abundance of

new milk, warm from the cow, for the

first two or three weeks, after which it

may be gradually trained to eat more

substantial food, supplemented with the

milk. As soon as the calf will eat Hts

of clover, or alfalfa hay, and eat a little

grain food or“ mill-feed, skim-milk may





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





'be. safely substituted for the whole milk,

and the' carbohydrates that have been

lemoved by skimming may be suppleh

mented by the use of grain or mill-feed.

Oat meal and linseed meal are excellent

supplementary foods for the growing

Calf. When we change a calf ,from whole

milk to skim-milk we must make the

change gradually, for there is danger

of deranging the digestive system if the

change is sudden. Skim-milk is richer

in protein than whole milk, and for that

reason should be fed more sparingly to

a young calf.



If the calf is fed entirely upon milk

until it is weaned, it is plain to see that

the fourth stomach will be undeveloped

and unable to receive and perfectly di-

gest the swallowed grass or hay without

its having previously undergone the pro-

cess of rumination in the first stomach,

and that the other three stomachs will

be quite unprepared to perform their

proper functions until the fourth has

become sufficiently developed to perform

its part.



Change from Milk to Grass Gradually.



This shows us plainly that when we

change a young calf from milk to grass

suddenly, a suspension of healthy func-

tions must necessarily take place. which

will more or less affect the animal's de-

velopment and growth. No doubt you

have seen farmers turn their calves out

to pasture and wonder why they did not

make a satisfactory growth. A young

calf might be placed in feed up 'to its

back and yet starve, for the reason that

its stomachs had not reached the proper

development to enable it to digest that

kind of food.





While on this subject it must be ad-

mitted that there is great diversity in

the milkingqualities of cows, brot about





of the body, and, besides, the stomach of

the calf isLnot adapted for extracting the

nitrogenous elements from other foods.

In the young calf the first three stomachs

are not used at all. The milk passes at

once into. the fourth stomach, hence we

see the necessity of weaning these young

animals gradually, in order that their

stomachs may develop and be, able to pre-

pare the raw food for a perfect digestion.

Consequently when we change the calves

from a diet of whole milk to skim-milk

we should do it gradually and supple-

ment the skim-milk with some other

form of carbohydrates to replace the ele-

ments removed by the separator.

Other Essentials of Healthy Development.



In growing and developing young anio

mals it has been found, thru a number

of carefully conducted experiments, that

all exposure to cold and dampness should

be avoided, as cold diminishes the vitality

of the system and serious injuries often

result from exposure. Exercise is also

essential to a healthy development of

the young heifers and they should have

large, well lighted, ventilated and sun—

shined pens. Sunshine is a great germ

killer and is also a great invigorator and

stimulator to young animals. The sani-

tary condition of the pen or stable is

also an important item. They should

have dry, clean beds, and be provided

with clean. wholesome food, and all

utensils used in feeding should be kept

sweet and clean.



From the time the young heifers are





taken off from the milk diet until they,

are old enough to breed they should be,





(a)





 

 





The Four stomachs of a Calf, Showing

Their Relative Proportions.





by breeding, care and env1r1’1nment, yet

the manner in which they are reared

has a wonderful effect upon their milk-

giving properties. A heifer that is raised

on scanty pasture and kept in a poor and

half-starved condition will never develop

into as good a milker as one grown in

the right manner and fed a nitrogenous

ration, no matter how well bred she may

be, or how well she is fed after being

put to use in the dairy.



When development is arrested in whole

or in part, the capacity for future de-

velopment is weakened in proportion to

the degree to which development was

stopped. It is this arrested development

that ruins more than two-thirds of our

dairy heifers, and it is the development

that is arrested nearest to birth that

most seriously injures the individual.

The poor, scrawny whey and skim-milk-

fml calves furnish an illustration of ar-

rested development that is a curse to

the dairy industry.



There is little danger of overfecding

the dairy heifers if they are fed the

proper kinds of foods and in the right

proportions. In l'cmling dairy heifers,

the same as in other branches of live-

stock fecding early maturity is an essen-

tial element of success. A young animal

requires the least amount of food to pro-

duce the same amount of growth, and,

all other things being equal, each suc-

ceeding pound of growth up to maturity

requires more feed than the preceding

pound. It is also an established fact

among the best feeders that :1 well—fed and

well-carcd-for heifer will arrive at the

same stage of maturity at two years of

age as is usual at three and three and

one-half years under a less progressive

system of feeding and management.



In milk we have all that is necessary

for the growth of a, young animal. It is

the type and representative of all food,

and unless a ration contains the princi-

les of milk it is pot fitted for the pro-

motion of health and perfect development





. h v,





The Four stomachs of a

Developed Cow.





 





well ted and well cared for. I believe





that ground oats should form a large





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





 





MARCH 21), 1'9'0'9.





“We-1111. To

llool You

Face To





. . ,)

There is no chance

for long distance dis-

satisfaction when you

buy a Great Western





,1 to face when he sells



on a Great Western. “the World’ 9 Best. "

on't let any agent sell you somethin just

as good. ” Insist upon trying the Great eotern

before you decide. Hhve our dealer show you

our SI, 000, 000.00 Five-Yearcnanntee on the Great

Western and no matter how few or how

many Cows you have, it will pay you to try a





Great Western





"Ball Bearing”

Gream Separator





It is the most modern and perfect separa-

tor built in the world.



1. Examine our original low down swinging tank.

2. Self-flushing. self-draining bowl. Encyto wall. 3. All

gears enclosed, protected from dust. fingers. etc. and

run in a spray of oil. Perfect lubrication. 4. Equipped

with the finest imported Ball Boating. and absolutely the

LighteotR unning separator made. A seven-year-old girl

can operate it. 5. Skims cold milk successfully. which

most machines cannot do. 6. Most scientific skimming

device. securing every particle of the cream from the

milk. 7. Beautifully finished and made as accurately

and perfectly as the highest grade watch. 8. Slowest

speed bowl—only 7, 000 revolutions er minute. “Be

sure and try the Great Western Ba Bearing, the

World‘s Best." separator before you buy.



Write to our nearest oil-ice for catalog.





SMITH MANUFACTURING CO.





Chlonpo, lll. Ono-ho. Nob. Knnonn Olly. Mo.





 





 





Mlnnonpollo. "Inn. Columbus. 0.





 





 





 





gnaw Low oown—

AMERICAN! CREAM

é SEPARAIOR





‘Guaranteed to skim closer

than any separator in the

World. Sold direct from the

factory. We are the oldest:

exclusive manufacturers of

hand separators in America.

You save all agents' dealers’

and even mail order house





lberal 30 DAYS' ’iRlAL.

1 freight prepaid otter. Write

’ for it today. Our new

low down, waist. high

separator is the finest.

highest au allty machine on

the mar et: no other so

arator compares with it Pu

close skimming, ease of

cleaning easy running. sim-

plicity strength or quality.

- Our own (the manufactur-

er 's)guarantee rotects you

on every AME [CAN ma-

chine. We can ship im-

/ medi:tehlly. Write for our

tent of or and handsome





 





poltion of the grain ration that is fed fleecatalozue on our new model0 6mm rm.





to them.

oats for developing the organs of 111 1tcr—‘

nity in young breeding animals, and if

more of our young heifers received

ground oats as a part of their ration

there would be fewer cases of shy

breeders or non-breeders. Heifers should

not be required to take on themselves the

burdens of maternity until they have





'acquircd fair development, and I believe





that the man who breeds his heifers to

drop their first calves at from 24 to 3

months is on safer ground in building

up his dairy herd than the man who will

not wait for this maturity.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





VALUE OF ENSILAGE.





 





What is Silage worth for two feeds a





day for each cow? I can buy silage,





here. \Vhat should I pay for it and how

much for a feed for cows averaging

900 lbs? L. L.

As there is no market price for silage,

it is diilicult to fix upon a value and

about the only way one can do is to

take into consideration the cost of grow-

ing. In our cow-listing association here

at Coopersvillo, we figure cnsilago at

$2.710 per ton and some. other cow-testing





associations figure it at $3 a ton. I am.

certain that a man can make good money.‘





raising cnsilage at $2.710 a ton. He makes

a good profit off his labor and his invest-

ment. j1ut silage is worth more than its

chemical analysis would seem to indicate

on account of its succulency. In this

respect it is on the same basis as roots

for food. They are worth more than

their chemical analysis would seem to





indicate, simply because the cow, or any‘





other animal, will do better, give you

more returns for the dry food consumed,j

if they have a succulent food in the ra—i

lion. The succulency of the food seems

to have a beneficial effect upon the di—,

gestive tract and causes that tract to‘

secrete more of the digestive fluid. Con—

sequently you get better digestion and

assimilation of the whole ration by hav—

ing it contain a succulent food. Now





There is no giain supmm to‘ AMERICAN SEPARATDR 00.h3:1§1§’."1.1.£2. in.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





3.33 Galloway





“ BATH IN 0"."

High Grade Separator—mm!





Save $25 to 350 direct at my factory

pric c—freight prepaid. Get the only

Separator that runsin ‘Bath of Oil, "

like a $5, 000 automobile. This

alone is worth $50 extra, but

.1 costs you nothing extra.





90 Days’





Farm Toot—Freight Prepaid



Why pay $85 to $110 to dealers or agents



who cannot sell you a separator equal



to the Galloway—closest skimmer—



‘ easiest run—easiest cleaned--10-y1'.



guarantee. Send for 80'0K FREE

WM.G GALLOWA YcO.





 





 





 





 





648 Gallon-y 8t... Waterloo. In.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





11 The only Silo on the market



with the following important

features:



Silo doors on hinges.



Continu on s all-wood

ladder. Triple beveled

door and frame.



Oval door frame and ex-

tra heavy hoops and lugs.



Every stave beveled and

hoops bent for exact diam-

eter. Fully Guaranteed.

Write for 32-page Silo catalog.

THE E. W. 11088 co. Est. 1850.



Box 14, Springleld, Ohio

We are Engineers at the businou.





 





 





 





Up to- Date Dairymen





Ire using the Strlte

Governor Pulley for

driving their cream lep-

nrutors. Life is too short

to turn by hand. If it's

a Strlte. you’re sure It’-

rlght. For full particu-

lars, address





Strlio Governor Pulley 60.,





nrmw ' ‘ 'u

- c1111” 1 ‘ fl, .7 any in 303 Third St. 80..

unv11111m\3\\./an1uun loan MlnnolpOllI- Mlnn-





 

 

 

 





oavuwk

unc~r





   





 

 





 





 

 





EP MILLS





 





Geared IMO I or 7 to l. Grind Corn with shock.

x or without. And all small grains including

‘ A Oats and Wheat. (Also make 'I Ilzol belt mills.)





D.N.P.Bomhcr 60.. South Bend. Ind.





firofits. We hav e the most‘





Diflermt from all others. 4 or 2 horses
MARCH a). 1m ‘

I the “Ordinary cow weighing from I900 to

LON lbs. will' consume from 30 to‘ fi-‘dairy section, where the 'large majority





 





 





lbs. "of ensilage a day in two feeds. On

this. .‘basis you can figure out, perhaps,

what you ought to pay for the ensilage.





 





THE cosT OF KEEPING-A cow A

YEAR.





 





Some weeks ago I noticed that a con-

tributor to The Farmer gave a ration for

a ”cow that costs 1335c a day, which, if

fed the year round, would cost $49.27.

Another contributor makes the same

ration cost 170 a day, which, if fed the

year round, would cost $62.05. This, he

says, is a. very cheap ration for a COW.



Now the first man figures the clover





“hay at $5 a ton, and if he will tell me





how he can afford to raise good, bright

clover hay, such as a cow relishes, for

85 a ton, he may hold my ”hat. Good,

bright clover hay will usually sell for

81 to $8, and sometimes more.



I haven’t a silo, so will have to figure

the cost of cow‘s keep for a year from

a different stanpoint. A good-sized cow

will eat three tons of good clover or

timothy hay. She will eat 4 qts. of

gro’und feed a day during the Six months

of winter. During early spring, summer

and early fall she will eat just as much.

Put her into two acres of pasture that

vauld cut 11/; tons of hay to the acre and

see how much there will be left of it.



Last summer I put two cows into six

acres of pretty good pasture. I thot for

a time there would be an abundance of

feed, so turned in a span of horses for

10 nights. The drouth came on and I

went to feeding cats in the bundle to

keep the cows up to their milk.



As soon as the corn was 'tassled I

commenced cutting barren stalks' and

feeding 3 or 4 big bundles a day. I fed

stalks steadily from then to the close of

the year, besides letting them pasture on

10 acres of rye. They did well on the

rye. My two cows will have eaten the

whole five acres of good cornstalks, be-

sides 3%,. acres that grew nothing but

nubbins, by the time there is good pas-

ture.



A cow, if fed the first ration referred

to a year, would eat seven tons and 600

lbs. of ensilage, 1,460 lbs. of oil meal and

8,650 lbs. of clover hay.



I don’t think that writer's way any

cheaper than mine. His figures are none

too high. My figures are $45.65 a year to

feed and care for a cow.



Clinton Co. M. A. DUNNING.





THE VALUE OF MOLASSES FEEDS.





 





The writer while visiting the sQuth

a. few years ago visited the many sugar

cane plantations With the View to learn-

ing the use made of the lower grade of

molasses.



For many years this product was

thrown away, but during this period the

enormous growth of dairying increased

with the daily increasing demand for

dairy products. More cows made a call

for more feed until the by-products of

wheat and mixed feeds used for cattle,

were not equal to the consumption; the

demand more than equalled the supply,

which condition increased prices to a

prohibitive point. To add to this condi-

tion, foreign countries demanded export

wheat and in the meantime countries

erected Ilour mills of their own, shutting

off export trade to a large degree on

flour. This condition caused a still

greater shortage of our wheat feeds, as

the wheat was leaving the country and

the non-milling of American flour for

foreign consumption cut down our supply

of wheat feed.



Facing this serious condition it de-

volved upon our chemists to disoover an

output for this embarrassing situation

and to find what is called the balanced

ration in a molasses feed, using the waste

molasses, which was heretofore thrown

away. With the molasses they combined

a ration of distil‘lcrs’ grains, sprouts,

brewers' grains and cottonseed meal ac-

cording to their relative value and an-

alysis, reducing the cost and attaining

success by mixing said ingredients in a

balanced ration that is kiln dried and

yet a molasses feed, containing more

milk-making elements than wheat feeds.



After perfecting this ration mills were

erected to supply the enormous demand

for this feed at a price whereby a farmer

could obtain better results at less cost

for his feeds, supplying the increasing

demand from all over the country.



A trial will cenvince you of the value

in: feeding it. You will see a big differ-

ence in your monthly feed bill and the

increased milk check. The story is told

at both ends. The writer is a farmer





 





 





\ w v





\





from Orange‘Co” N. Y., a phenomenal





of short haul milk is sent to New York.

City. In this county molasses feeds have

long been the farmer's boon companions

and hundreds of tons are consumed

yearly.





New York. FARMER.





 





OBJECTS OF THE OAKLAND CO..

DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION.





 





 





The Oakland County Milk Dealers’ As-i

sociation, a flourishing organization of

some 700 farmers, organized for the bet-

ter protection of their own interests and

efficient service to their patrons and the

consumers, has been languishing a little

recently, owing to a lack of proper un-

derstanding among quite a number of

milk producers concerning its objects,

aims and benefits. It.may be briefly

stated that the two leading aims are to

secure'a steady market and the best

possible price for its product, and the

lowest possible transportation or freight

rates 'to its market. Also by a thoro

organization of all the farmers or milk

producers of the county to prevent rate

cutting and enhance the quality and

value of its product and render uniform

satisfaction to its consumers. The united

strength of all the producers of the

county can secure these desirable results

and maintain them. As the case now

stands the farmer is getting decidedly

the worst of it, being at the mercy of

the milk peddler. who gets his milk at

an average of 13c per gallon and retails

it at 320 per gallon. The retailer is

making 100 per cent profit and the farmer

is barely getting the cost of his product.

A more equitable rate can be secured

and maintained from the retailer by a

them and judicious organization.





 





As a further illustration of the benefits!

of lhe union the fact is cited that a few

months since the freight rate per can

was raised from 10c to 15c. The union

protested and appealed to the railroad

commission at Lansing. with the result

that the 100 rate was restored, a saving;

of $800 per annum to one platform alone.



In union there is strength, action and

equity. Without it the farmer lacks the

necessary protection and a reamnable

“live and let live” price for his product

and labor.





Oakland Co. TROY FARME‘R.





 





YEAR’S WORK OF A GOOD HERD.





 





The following is the record of my herd

of 12 cows for year beginning Jan. 1, 1908,

and ending Jan. 1, 1900:





No. of Lbs. Av'ge. Lbs.

Cow. Milk. Test. Butter—fat.

1 9,0l2 4.4 396.52

2 9,333 4.8 447.98

3 7.692 4.8 379.21

4 0,229 4.4 406.07

5 6,044 4.4 265.93

6 7,562 4.0 302.48

7 7,078 4.4 311.43

8 8,058 3.6 290.08 5

9 7.649 3.8 200.70

10 5,198 4.0 207 72

11 5.2.5!) 4.8 267.28

12 4,852 5.0 242.60 .





Nos. 10, 11 and 12 were 2-year-old

heifers with first calf.



The average yield of butter-fat was

317.33 lbs., and the average cost of feed

per cow was $45.



Mecosta Co. D. W. KUHN. l





 





Many a fruit grower has had his profits

increased four and five fold by spraying.

but there are still a large number Who

do not seem to realize its value. Syste-

matic spraying is the only way to get

sure results in fruit growing. A good

pump and practical preparations are a

necessity to successful work. The Dem-

ing Company, of Salem, Ohio, manufac-

ture 24 styles of spray pumps and issue

a book, “Spraying for Profit," which they

will send anywhere for 40 in postage

stamps. This book gives practical in-

slructions and was written by a promi-

nent entomologist. The Deming Company

will be glad to send their catalogue,

which contains a 12—page spraying chart.’





 





free of charge, if desired.



Your Boy Can Operate the Kraus. l



It is the one perfect cultivator. It is,

most easily operated. Your boy can work}

with the Kraus Pivot Axle Sulky Culti—.‘

vutor all day long and be unwcnried at‘

night. If he’ is old enough to drive hel

can operate the Kraus. The Kraus is an

innovation in cultivator manufacture.

The pivot axle does it. It's fun for the

boy. The Kraus is of simple construc-

tion, made of steel and malleable iron,

all parts (accessible) interchangeable—I,

most durable cultivator in the world.f

Light draft, easy on your horses, adapted;

to hillsides, crooked rows and uneven?

ground. Depth of cultivation adjusted}

while machine is in motion. Before you;

buy, investigate the Kraus. It is in a:

class by itself. Write Akron Cultivator

Co., Dept. 12, Akron, Ohio, for descrip—,





tive matter. l





Would say the sewing machine I re-

ceived is all right and is perfectly satis-I

factory: does lovely work and is a better!

finished machine than I expected—N. J.

Custer, Monroe, Mich.





 





 

 





¥~ *—





, “TRADE IN YOUR j

INFERIOR SEPARATORS





15,000 American users- of poor or worn—out separators traded





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





them in last year on account of new





DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATOBS





and there are doubtless many more owners of such machines

who will be glad to know that while such old machines have no

actual value the DE ‘LAVAL Company continues to make liberal

“trade” allowances for them because of the opportunity such

exchanges afford for the most practical illustration possible of

the difference between good and poor separators and putting a.

stop to the sale of others like them in the same neighborhood.

Nobody is injured through the re—sale of these old machines as

they are simply broken-up and “scrapped” for their old metal

value.



Then there are many thousands of DE LAVAL users who

should know that they may exchange their eut-of-date ma-

chines of from 10 to 25 years ago for the much improved,

closer skimming, easier running and larger capacity machines of

today.



Write in a descriptiOn of your old machine—name, size and

serial number—or see your DE LAVAL agent.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR 00.





173-177 WILLIAM STREET

IONTRIAL

M a 16 PRINCESS STREET

WINNIPIO

107 Fins'r Swnsmrr

PORTLAND. ORic.





 





 





42 E. MADISON STBIE‘I‘

GHIOAQO

1213 & 1215 FILBEBT Br.

PHILADELPHIA

Damn: a SACRAMENTO Bro.

8M FIANOISOO





General Offices:

165-167 BROADWAY

NEW YORK.





 





 





 





labor, twice a day, 365 days in the year, are also at stake.





- “catalog talk” when you buy an





 





WHITMAN’S





absolutely correct in princl le. It is built entirel f . t '

and no pull of team in crossing. p y o s eel. Has low bridge [or horses to walk over,

particular. We also make a ful line of Balers. For full information address the manufacturers.





THE WHITMAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANY, 6905 S. Broadway, St. Louis. Mo.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





This Quality Separator

Made in Michigan



At a Price To Suit You



', w - . ~ .7 Absolutely



. Guaranteed





See and ‘ Know





What You Are

Getting Before

You Pay





ON’T take chances on‘so important '

a deal as buym a cream

D separator. Remember-not only the price of thegmachine is

at stake. Your dairy profits for years to come—and your time and





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 





$1216 it is {lot all in the price. You know that.

en go 0 your good dealers and examine and test the Ome Crea



arfitor. I‘here you 11 find Quality. The Omega couldn’t be made begger if yasvsg-re

wx mg to pay double the price. And you don’t pay out your money on faith and





IN.” I





Book

On

Butter



Fat

Free





 

   





hasno strings to it. Its value be ore you pay a. penny.

must. be exactly as rep- !ho spot, when you want him in

The slbllity because he knows that

Goad Dealer closer, is so easy to keep per-

ega—so you'll have for so many years. In short,

you want the scpa- knows t will increase

thunan otl ‘ '> -

. . y icrscpara

Close Slamming

- is long enough to prove dura-

O

EaSICSt to Clean then. They are making money

name and ad-

separator that wid give I

and perfect service for

to you that





. I

4 A Se - arator

n l . - 'if

The good dealer proves before

our Guarantee your eyesi every dollar‘s worth of

statesfmnkly without; Then he adds MI guarantee to

quibble that theOmega. our guarantee—and he is there, on

resanted or you can case of “”37 disappointment.

and it back.



He is willing to take that respon-

you coulun't get another sepa~

tutor at any price that skims



will give you the same lectly elem]. so easy to turn

uarantee o n t h a and will keep running smoothly;

8 man on the spot who he knows that the 01110 u. w'

is responsible. satisfy on because he g I“

rater that can’t be beat ' your profits more and

for— save you more work

tor you can buy.

—lf you want the sepa— A 1 7-Year Test

““0" that 13 bility,isn‘tit!

The first Omegas were sold

. and saving work for their uses

Easiest to Turn ””5" Wm“ M , a...

i l ‘

And if you want the dresses. 1'?“ ‘

you

L S '

ongest emce

{ears to come, then let

be good dealer prove

IT IS THE OMEGA

YOU WANT





-. I ill Write Today For Our

. . . k ‘1 Helpful Dairy Books





NEW MflflEl STEEl BEAUTY HAY PRESS





With or With- NEVER FAILS

out self-feed positive

pull back without spring. '





 

 





   





 

   





 





 

 

 

 





   





 





38 complete gilt? or power balers, hay} N w .



pa r, woo. s vines, cotton hul "



compress prem‘ I an rule for Catalogue.

Our success with this machine has been simply marvelous. Thorough tests convince us that it. is





Has large feed opening and long bale chamber. Warranted in every
.— .__......_... ‘;=v;;z'.





five—-





.--—.-:_»-.o:-.-.»





 





1 l * 338 ‘(30)





,.. a. .w-m u-f- w.





.. an. .WME---“ -_.....«.....o».





I





give, in its place, 'some ‘drink that will

.be both nourishing and stimulating,' at

ab price within-the reach of the poorest.

For years the people of this couptry At present pure certified milk seems

have put up a. strong fight on the temp- to be the only thing within our reach

erance question, and during later years Who will take hold of the question in

the women, who are by far the greatest this way and “resist not‘evil but over-

sufferers, have joined in the fight. With come it with good?”

what success? I am sorry to say not Lenawee Co.

so great as it ought to be considering

the cause they are fighting for. And ERADICATING BOVINE TUBER-

why? For one reason, because they have CU LOSIS.

not given to the drinking world some- » ~ .

thing to take the place of the drink that The responsibility of the community

is ruining so many homes. What can and the individual in helping rid the

take its place? Good pure milk. Not state of animal tuberculosis was strongly

the kind that is carried about thru the brot out at the recent Round-up Institute

dust and heat of the day, and then emp— by Dr. Marshall and others, as reported

tied into other cans, many of them unfit in the proceedings of that meeting last

for swill, let alone milk, 'which is the week. That the steady and unmistakable

most sensitive food to its surroundings progress of this disease constitutes a

we have. It is put into open dishes in serious menace, not only to the dairy

a refrigerator with all kinds of food, and beef-producing interests of the coun-

when it should be sealed and given a try, but to the pork-producing industry

place next to the ice in warm weather, as well is evident from the fact that the

and a cold place in winter. statistics of the U. 8. Bureau of Animal

Eight years ago, when thinking over Industry show over 4:20.000 tuberculous

this very question, we asked the pro- hogs to have been found by the govern-

prietor of a combined restaurant and mcnt meat inspectors during the fiscal

saloon to let us put in some pure aerated year 1907. These, figures indicate the

Jersey milk at his lunch counter. At presence of tuberculosis upon many

first he scouted the idea, but on our per- farms, and the fact that sooner or later

sistence he allowed us to make the trial. certain localities will be discriminated

The first week but six bottles were sold. against because of the large percentage

The next the number was doubled, and of tuberculous animals received from

from that small beginning we have es- them makes the question of the eradica-

tablished a trade in that one place of tion of the disease one of vital concern

from seven to fifteen dozen pint bottles to every community and 'to every owner

daily. Of course, the summer trade is of live stock. As bearing upon this

the largest, in milk as well as in beer. question of individual responsibility, and

This milk is prepared in the best way rc—inforcing the suggestions made at the

possible to ensure its purity and good Round4'up meeting, we present below,

quality. After it has been milked and the views of Dr. Burton Rogers, of the

strained, it is again strained into an Kansas station, as expressed in a sta-

aerator thru four thicknesses of cheese tion publication during the past year:

cloth and passes over the aerator in a. Day after day in the great packing

fine spray to remove the barn odors, and houses, there is found positive evidence

to cool it down, for the aerator is filled that tuberculous germs are being scat—

with ice water, kept in constant motion tcred on certain farms from which tu-

to send the cold to the outside when the berculous hogs and other animals come,

milk passes over. This is again strained and that there is positive need of the

into the bottling can, and from there tuberculin test on these farms. If these

drawn immediately into the bottles and animals were tagged, then the original

sealed with paraffined caps. These are owners would be brot face to face with

crated in dozens and put into the rcfrig- a realization that they needed to do

crator until delivered at the place of something.

sale, and there kept on ice until sold. That “something" would, in most

The temperature of the milk when bot— cases, be an immediate test of the cattle

tled is 40 degrees and, even without the with tuberculin, unless the stock was oi

use of ice, will keep at least twelve hours such an inferior quality that the owner

longer in the hottest weather than ordi- could immediately send every head to

nary milk. The cream line on this milk market for slaughter.

will reach nearly one-third of the way The second “something,” after testing.

down the bottle. This milk is sold for would be to separate the tuberculous

five cents per bottle, which gives the from the non-tuberculous, and then dis—

merchant a good profit. In other places pose of the tuberculous for immediate

milk is sold at five cents a glass, but the slaughter. In case some of ,the reacting

conditions of its care and keeping are ones were extremely valuable as breeding

not at all to be desired, and one who is animals they should be controlled accord-

at all sensitive as to what is put into the ing to the Bang method, so that they

stomach will have none of it. would not' transmit the disease, and yet

NOW, here is where the local Temper- transmit their good qualities until this

ance Union shows itself at fault. \l'hen latter period of usefulness had passed.

approached upon the subject its mem- Another always necessary “something"

bers would not put it on sale at their is a thoro disinfection of all indoor quar-

eating rooms, even when shown they tors.

could make a good profit as well as aid Tuberculin is by far the most satisfac-

the cause for which they were working. tory agent for detQCting tuberculosis that

Instead, they pay 15 cents a gallon for exists, and this fact must not be lost

their milk which is delivered in an open sight of. The few mistakes are, more

can, and they keep it in open Vessels in ancient than modern. The experience

their ice box with everything else in the (if a large number of competent men,

line of eatables. This is sold at three extending 0V0? 21 period Of it grt‘ilt many





pu-RE MILK,AS A TEMPsnANcE

FACTOR.





 





D. C. DEAN.





 





 





THE, » MIC S IGAN. FARMER





_ \

, .





_ Won 20, 1909.





I,





* ' N o’Discardedr Abandoned

Inventions of its Beaten

Competitors are used in





THE IMPROVED





NITED STATES SEPARATURS





THEY ARE IN A CLASSBY THEMSELVES





ghey use inventions of their Own exclusively.

0 not utilize any t pe of separator ever develo ed b their

“Would-be Competitors; p y





.Th‘ese “Would-be Competitors” claim the earth, but “word

claims’ do not give them the title.





These “Would-be Competitors” claim that Dr. DeLaval was

the inventor of “the first practical continuous flow centrifugal

_Cream Separator,” his application being filed “July 31, 1879, Patent

issued, No. 247,804, Oct. 4, 1881.” This statement is not true as

shown by the records in the Patent Office. Messrs. Houston &

Thomson (who afterward became famous in the electrical line)

were the first to be awarded a patent on such an apparatus. Appli-

cation filed Oct. 29, 1877. Patent issued April 5, 1881, No. 239,659.





This Houston & Thomson Separator was also of the “Bevel

Gear" type and was for either hand or power, therefore the claim

of our “Would-be Competitors” on this point is not correct.



The above are “Rock—of—Gibraltar—like” facts against which

mere “word claims" by “Would—be Competitors fade atan like the

mist of night before the rays of the morning sun.” '-





VVe could enumerate a lot of things these “Would-be Com-

petitors” claim, that are not in accordance with the facts or the

records, “that fade away like the mists of night before the rays of

the morning sun” of truth, but this is sufficient on this "point for

the present‘, we think, to convince all thoughtful readers that

“word claims” do not have any weight in face of the facts.



These same “Would-be Competitors” claim their Separator

is the Standard Cream Separator of the World, but they are not

entitled to that “word claim," as the records Show that the United

States Separator beat them in the greatest contests ever held by

any National or International Exposition. .



In other advertisements they claim that “991/2 per cent. of all

expert creamery men, butter manufacturers, and real separator

authorities living today use DeLaval Separators exclusively, for

they have learned by experience that the DeLaval is the only sep-



, a'rator’ that will save all the cream all the time under all condi—

tions.’





Now every reader of intelligence knows that is another “word

claim” and is not true, because a very large percentage of the lead-

mg breeders, separator authorities, creamerymen and dairymen,

use and recommend the United States Separator because it proved

in the great contest with the DeLaval and others, that it excelled

everything in fifty (50) consecutive runs lasting over one month



i on ten different breeds of cows; also in every day use it has main-

tained its superiority.



Please read the following letter and sec for yourselves if this

looks as though the “991/3 per cent. word claim" is correct.



Poughkeepsie, N. Y., May 27, 1908. T



In 1899 we introduced farm separators in our cream gathering

system. Although we are within six miles of the DeLaval Separ-

ator’s main works where all of their Separators are made, our

patrons, after thorough investigation, preferred and purchased the

U. S. Separators. There are about three U. S. Separators to every

one of the DeLavaI Separators used. Since we have started we

have steadily increased our output. We get good prices for our





 





 





cents a. glass and is utterly unfit for yr-zlr‘fi', has shown where former errors

human consumption. In fact, I would can now be easily avoidt‘d.





take beer in preference to milk with For this reason every farmer should

such care and keeping. seek for its irrimediate application._



The keeper of the restaurant vsr; guppl‘) I“~: few mistakes do not near equal,

says that many men who formant: rain tier: grave crime of offering for sale the}

in for a glass of beer on Lot dag-9:, ri‘l'v': prod .‘rztuz of animals not tested at all. At“

call for a bottle of milk in its plan-r, Eng-r: r: .. present time every native cow and

this is at once a perfect few] and a ?,.’I ought to be considered tuberculous

gentle stimulant, with no evil attr-r (-f— .53.‘ proved otherwise by the tuberculin,

frets. Many traveling mt-n say if [11ij "vet. I





could always get good purr- nlilk they Because some packers are gradually

would never touch any kind of liquor, .nr'rcasing the number of localities where,

but the change of VVilit'l‘ in going from they will not buy hogs or cattle at any,

place to place is so often unpleasant in DI'ir-rn there is need for fat'lnvi‘s 2'0“ng

its effects, that where a cold drink is together and (yo-operating in an endeav-

dcsirable either beer or milk must take the illl)t‘l‘('lllln test; and then, co-op-

its place. erativcly, to help those few who had

Again, where a man must (‘2) have, or to eradicate tuberculosis from their

once in a while, his sprcc, good, pure several districts by means of unanimous

milk will bring him out of it and set him agreements to tag their animals or apply

on his feet sooner than any drugs or tuberculosis to replenish their herds for

medicine. In sobering Up Such men from an amount almost equal to the proceeds

four to six quarts a day are used. This from their condemned animals.

we know from experience, having had It may likewise be advisable 'to con-

at various times more than one patient sider the advantages to be gained from

under treatment. So long as spirituous appropriation-s to be devoted to reim—

liquors are made they will be drank. bursement of the difference between the

You may prohibit, or make the license beef value and the actual living value of

so high that but few can sell it, but just the very few animals which react to the

as sure as it is made it will be sold, and tuberculin test, but which, after a very

a drunkard under high license is no bet- careful official veterinary post—mortem

ter citizen or father than the one under examination, fail to reveal any tubercu—

any other conditions. If we cannot kill lous lesions. Under such conditions

the worm at the still, then we must there should be no opposition to a more





 





 





butter, and feel proud of the record.

LaGRANGE CREAMERY,

H. R. HOYT, President.





Just think of it. Three United States Separators to every one

of the DeLaval right under the Shadow of their factory. Why?

Because the United States is superior to all others in every

feature of separator practicability. it is made stronger, runs

easier, wears longer, skims closer.



Semi for Catalogue No. 111.





VERMONT FARM MAGHINE GD.





BELLOWS FALLS. VT. -





Warehouses in every dairy section of the United States and Canada.





 





SAVE 200 PER SHEEP





Tit" NEW STEWART SHEARINE MACHINE magma S g





. , If you have but five sheep it will pay you to own this wonderful 0

’ _ shearing machine. It does ' cut or back sheeplike hand shears.

and gets one pound and over more wool per head. It shears any kind of wool

easily and quickly. WE GUARANTEE IT FOR 25 YEARS. All gears are cut from

solid metal, not cast: all wearing parts are file hard; spindles are ground

and polished, and the driving mechanism is enclosed from dust and dirt

and runs in oil. 95 per cent of all the shearing machines used in the world

are Stewart patents. Send $2.00 with your order and we .will- ship C.O. ..

’ for the balance. Send for a copy of our free book How to She

Sheep." and our big new catalogue showing the largest line of sheath





egmrsmmlgf Ghlcago Flexlble Shaflpliof. "3.33.?” Chlcago





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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“my a... .m.-—wu am. —._.__._........_.________ --.~—._~__





SHAKE :- SHAKE - SHAKE - No '

YOU can buy any one of many kinds of common “bucket bowl” cream separa-





' tors and be positively certain the “bucket bOWI” will eventually shake 1_tse1f

Or you can buy a Sharples Tubular Cream Separator and be posmvely





 





l

, v

, .





.i

l





. ‘fo‘pieces.

certain it will never shake.





Here’s the Reason: ‘





 





OMMON “bucket bdwl” separators have a heavy “bucket bowl” set heavy



end up on top of a spindle which is held up by several bearings. The weight



is above the bearings. Such bowls constantly try to tiprsidew1se. If they dld



not want to tip, why have hearings to hold them up?. his tipping wears the



bearings, allows the bowl to shake and eventually wracks the machine, caus1ng



expensive repairs or the purchase of a new machine. There is no way to prevent

the “shakes ’ in common “bucket bowl” machines.





I



l



l



i



i



: YOU can surely avoid a shakiné separator by dettind a Sharples

, 1909 Tubular “A”. Sharples Separators are entirely difierent from all

others. They have light bowls, hung below a single frictionless ball bearin .

Being hung naturally. with their weight below the bearing, Sharples bowfs



; can not and do not tip sidewise, shake or vibrate.



l





SHARPLES bowls run as smoothly after 20 years use as when new. Tubular

“A” bowls weigh just about half as much as common “bucket bowls, ” yet

wear many times as long.





SHARPLES Separators are the only kind with suspended bowls fed through the

bottom—the only kind that do not get the “shakes.”

vent others from makind them. '





Our patents pre-





SHARPLES Separators are made in the world’s biggest, best equipped cream

separator works. We have additional factoriesi 11 Canada and Germany. 1908

sales were far ahead of 1907—

way beyond any other make, if

not all other makes combined.

Write today for Catalog 152.





The .Sharples Separator Co.





WEST CHESTER. PENNA. Portland. Ore.





Toronto. Can.

"mined, can.





”E moans... FARMER.





 





 

   





 





 





 

 





Sharples Separators are most easily and

perfectly oiled. Simply pour a spoonful of oil

right down anion! the enclosed, dust proof {ears





once a week. The lower gear wheel, when in





motion, sprays the oil over the gears and the sin-

gle, frictionless ball bearing supportint the bowl.

Most convenient. insures perfect oiling with least

attention, and adds wonderfully to the easier

running and greater durability of Sharples Separ-

ators as compared to others.





 





 





 





 





 





Chicado. ill. Francisco. Cal.

Raise Them Without Milk.

Booklet Free.





GALVE J. E. BARTLETT 00. Jackson. Mich.





'Write For Our Free Book on





' CLEVELAND





 





llul rotten BULLS. marginalize. B E R K S H I R E Sf:::.:.i°."w$8





lows. John Berner a Son. Grand Ledge. Michigan.





Duke. and our new herd boar Prime Bacon

98611. a great son of the noted Lord Bacon. and





of intense Masterpiece breeding. Guernsey's.





Cream Separators





Don’t think of buying any cream separator

until you get our new Free Catalog and investi-

gate Cleveland Cream Separators which skim

closest—are easiest to run—easiest to clean

and are absolutely the most satisfactory sepa-

rators y o u





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





can use it you

have 2 cows

or more.

Here are a

few of the

reasons why





weguarantee



the "Cleve-



u.“ find" to be



. e most sat-



.em Write isfactory:



Machine is



313.1] befitting



. roug out.



glfmmfm which makes



inuunlng it the easiest

Bowl running.



B e a r i n g 5



Guaranteed aret 05 th ”(11‘



. es s e e .



“which which makes



Sailsfac- . . it the most

tory durable.



Has alumi-



n u m skim-





ming devise.

which makes the bowl sanitary and most dur-

able. Is the most convenient machine having a low

milk reservoir. Has the greatest ck mming efiicL

enc of any separator. It is simple ill construction,

an has very few parts to handle. All rings are

Belt-adjusting and never become loose. is fully

guaranteed. Practically no repairs on account of

the hardened bearings, and few parts.

CLEVELAND CREAM SEPARATOR co.



Whitney Power Block Cleveland. Ohio





Jack and Jennelis For Sale.





If you want a. first class Jack

or Jennett at the very lowest

prices. visit our barns. for they

are full of high class stock. and

can sell them to you right. and

save you the mlddleman’s prol-

it. All stock guaranteed. Bend

for my 25 reasons why it pays

to raise mules. Address





BA ’8 JACK FARM. Lawrence. Ind.





—Be.i ted ndhomdeld-

F0" SALE dale: Bailldns. :Jares ande filllees. Tirrliss





 





   

 





 





 





to suit purchaser. T. A. PETZ. R. F. D.. Capac. Mich. ~





 





BREEDEIS’ DIREC'NIY.

CATTLE.

ABERD'EEN-ANGUS.

Herd headed by UNDULA’I‘A BLACKBIRD

50006. and Grand Champion Bull at the Detroit





and Grand Rapids Fairs of 1907 and 1908. Herd con-

sists of Ericas. Blackbirds, Prides. e c





 





I . lf n P

ABERDEEN ANGUS $13.2? ”gut." .331“.

Bargains. freight expenses to buyers of five head.

CLOVER BLOSSOM FARM, Port Austin. Mich.





Ayrshire Calves for Sale. amlssgsir:





 





Pigs—stock from Loveioy & Son and C. 8. Bartlett.

Write tor ricer. Ins ectlon solicited. MICHI-

GAN SOHO L FOB TH DEAF. Flint. Mich.





' ' ' HICKORY GROVE STOCK

"OISlIlfl'FTIISIIIII. FARM. Owen Taft.Proprieior.

B. 1. Oak Grove. Leiv. 00.. Michigan. Bell phone





 





EXTRA FINE—Holstein Bull Calf sired by



a son of the greatest hull of

the breed—dam gave over 60 lbs. of milk a day only a

little past 2 yrs. old. Big growthy calf. beautifully

marked. C. D. WOODBURY. East Lansing. Mich.





L TOP NOTC H HOLSTEINS





We have “Top Notch” young Holstein Bulls that

1 combine in themselves the blood of cows that now

hold. and in the past have held, world's records for

milk and butter fat.

One of them could impart the rare qualities of

these great ancestors to all their offspring in your

1 herd. Cost nominal considering benefit secured.

i Why not “build up”? “The Best" In cheapest.

McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mich.





"OLSTE'Is—Yeafling bulls all sold. Have a few

well bred bull calves yet for sale.

I. M. SHORMAN. Fowler-ville. Mlch.. R. D. a Phone

One 15 mo. old. A. R. 0.,



IlilLSTElN BULLS. dam. a show bull all over.

One 10 mo.. one7 mo.. four 8 weeks to 2 m0. old.

Buy a good one. worth the money. Write quick. I





went to sell every one of these before the 20th.

L. in. CORNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





HER EFORDSFfiTEJEfi‘l‘EJI'iglfi'.





3 China hogs. R. E. ALLEN. Paw Paw. Mich.





 





 





 





 





J OLSTEIN Bull st farmers’ prices. 2years old,





' —Registered Percheron Stallion. l a good strong. vigorous and handsomely marked

For sale, ouICR Solid black. four years old.





Brilliant bred. sound and sure, good style. lots of

action. J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Mich.





Owl Brand Pure (lotion Seed Meal

49 Prmni Proloin and Fa . $53: fiiiitliiiioi‘l’fi





No. 11 and prices. I. W. .3093 h 00.. Icmphia. Tenn.





 





 

 

 





descendant of old Paul De Kol. Write for price

and pedigree. A. M. OSBORN, R. 29. Climax. Mich.





JERSEY BULLS READY FOR SERVICE.





Three young bulls ready for spring service, out of

good cows with records of 400 to 500 pounds of butter

in a year with only ordinary care. Also a fine lot of

young calves. Write for description and prices.

COLON C. LILLIE. Coopsrsvllle. Mich.





 





ICO R N DA I RY RATI O N - ion°§eii°i$£°ifai





every Farmer and Stock Raiser. should know all about. Robert M. Taylor,TowsOn, Md.,

says his milk output increased 26 gallons daily utter feeding Unicorn. You can increase

yours. Sand for book. prices, etc. Write. cuarm a 00.. Inc.. Milwaukee. Wis.





 





1T0 83836. one of the best sons of PRINCE I'I‘O .





l. .

WOODCO’I‘E STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.‘





few yearling bulls. bred with greatest care. Berkshire ;





lioLSTElN FRIESIAN 1%.‘31333'322533353 .





Royal King. W. B. JONES.Oak Grove.R. No.8.Mich. '





Northern Grown Jersc s.

ROYCROFT FARM. Sidnaw. Mic ’ .

IBSEY BULL CALF. born March 10.’08. Dam'a

average yearly milk record 5 years 8526 lbs.; test





5 4-10 1. Sire’s Dams rec. 10062 lbs. as 2-year-old test 5

2-101. Murray~Waterman 00.. Ann Arbor. Mich. R5.





MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.





'1‘. F. MARSTON. Ba! Cl". Michilnn.





CHOICE JERSEYS- fifi'fl'd‘d‘é‘iT3‘lfi‘i‘ii‘:





 





 





CLARENCE BRISTOL. B. No. 2. Fenton. Mich. l

}IAVE A CUSTOMER for twenty yearling regis- ‘





tered SHORTHORN BULLS. No fancy prices.

BOYDEN and “FIELD. Sta. A. Bay City. Mich.





WOODLAND SHORTHORNS





Apricot. Airdrie Duchess. Hudson Duchess.

and Roan Duchess families.

Both sexes and all ages for sale. Priced to sell

and SI ll quick.

MEYER BROS.. R. 7,flowell. i'lichlgan.





Francisco Farm Shorthorns





Our foundation stock comes from several of the

Nothing for sale at





 





 





beet herds in the country.

present.

l P. P. POPE. Mt. Pleasant. Michigan.





J. B. cnouse srocx FARM,





HARTLAND. MICH.. breeder of SHORT-

HORN CATTLE. Have all ages. both sexes.

Color—reds and roans. Quality and prices right.





SHEEP.

ERDENHEIM FARM





i SHROPSHIRES





mwm s. GEORGE, Owner.

. Rams and Ewes for Sale.

1 WRITE FOR PRICES TO





 





 





 





 





i ROBERTGROVES. Shepherd.

i R. l‘. D. No. 3. Pontiac. Mich.





, gillBOPSIIIIiE HALL STOCK FARM.





make special prices for thirty days. on ewes





 





 





from 1 to 3 years old. all bred to Imported Cooper. 5

g and Mansell rams to lamb in March and April. also

i on very choice ewelambs. this is to make room ioran

I importation that is going to arrive this spring.





1.. S. DURHAM dc SONS. Concord. Michia'nn.





HROP. BREEDING Ewes bred to high class rams

very cheap now. Also Beef-Milk Shorthorns.

and P. C. Swine. M. B. Turkeys. Write today for

price list F. Maplewood Stock Farm. Allegau, Mich.





60 [NW SHEEP RAISING





Buy of Michigan’s Largest Breeder of good sheep.

Romeyn C. Parsons. Grand Ledge, Mich.





 





AMBOUILLET—Flock founded 1892 with 40 ewes

selected from one hundred registered ewes of the

best breeding possible. J. 0. A. COOK.Morrica,Mich.





M. B. Tukeys. B. Ply. Rocks. Pekin Ducks.

Hupp Farms. Birmingham. Mich. G. 0. Hupp, Mgr.





NORTHERN IllOWll BEBKSHIHES.

ROYCRUF’I‘F





ARM. Sidnaw. Mi h.





‘ DAMS BROS. IMPROVED CH ESTER WHITES,Litchflold,lllch.,



won more premiums in ’08 than any other herd in Michigan.

3 Stock all ages for sale. Prize winning W. f0rpington, W. Log-

; hor n and Bufl flock eggs, $1 per 15. Shorthorn bulls & heifers





 





 





 





3 —F ii , lth , 12.



CHESTER WHITES sgnnfi‘fiigs‘és. was...



; gilts for September farrow for 320. Satisfaction guar-

anteed. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersvllle, Mich.





CHESTER VlllITES‘trifiwifii°3§°p¥8“’iEé%3'.

‘ Also fail pigs either sex. Orders booked for June

delivery. W. 0. WILSON. Okemos. Mich.





" DUBOC JERSEYS—Boers ready for service. sows

. for Spring furrow. Pigs at'weanlng shipped c. o.

‘ d. if desired. L. R. Kuney. Adrian, Mich. Phone 131.





—Nothln to

Durob Jerseys "1... $93.“:

.CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. ich.“





 





 





 





 





DUROC Jersey of size and quality. 40 Boar! ready

for service. 50 sows st Farmers Prices. Satis-

faction Guaranteed. J. C. Barney. Goldwater. Mich





 





0 l C " PREMIUM STOCK." Choice Aug. been and

. . a gun. liking quality and sin. Gionwood Stock

Farm—OPHOLT 8308.. Zealand, Michigan, R. 6. Phone 94.





 





9 —ALL AGES. Thirty sows bred

0. I. C S for spring farrow. Bhi





D

on approval. H. H. JUMP. Munlth. Mlcl‘i.ed





 





0 I C Spring been all sold have a few choice tilts left to

. o I he bred for spring furrow. Satisfaction guaranteed

or your money back. A. NEWMAN, B. No. l, Mariette, Mich.





 





O l C swine very prolific. M3 herd is

r - 0 headed with a grand son of Jackson

Chief. the world’s Champion and Grand Champion.

the greatest 0. I. C. boar in the world, also a Grand

son of Tutesy second. the world champion sow.



Place your order now for spring pigs.

A. J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.





10 heavy: boned boars



1 P. c. Sows All Sold. mdy mum... on.



1 choice registered RED POLL cow. with fine



bull by side. BUFF ROCK COCKERELS



at $1 and 32. as long as they last. Write today

for what you want.



WM. WAFFLE. Jr.. Goldwater. Michigan.





FRANCISCO FARM POLAND-CHINAS.





Boers and sows all cleaned up. Am booking orders

{or spring pigs. P. P. POPE. Mt. Pleasant. Mich.





HEAVY BONED 53;“.0...”“'C“;‘:i::li&';f‘ if?

Bock eggs $1 per 15. Robert Neva. Pierson. Mich.

—-E t not . b

P. Co sows Apxl‘.lf.ar:ow.°.No loading;

tine on us. WOOD a SONS. Saline. Mich.

-—B d f A ll f

POLAND CH!“ Ellis 55...? .lz‘é'.n3"b%"§é§?2{i

pigs. E. D. BISHOP, Route 38. Lake Odessa. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





HOGS.





CHOICE FALL GILTS and boar pigs. Right breed-

ing and prices right. Also a few aged sows bred i

for spring farrow. A. A. Pattullo. Dcckerviile. Mich.





 





- ' Some splendid tall I

large Enghsh lovthreS- o. ell... .e. a. .12 .33.?

Also a fine lot of spring pigs at $8 each. Will breed





guts for faélofarrow at 320. Satisfaction guaranteed.





LON C. LILLIE. Ooopersville. Mich.
4.. nu'm‘muu—“m‘ -





340' am





general application of the tuberculin test

voluntarily. ' -



But farmers, packers, consumers and

legislators should realize that there

should be no procrastination on the farms

from which tuberculous animals are

coming. " . _



Animal tuberculous eradication is a.

work in which every farmer has his little

individual share to do in order to bring

about the grand ideal condition for ex-

port trade, thus maintaining our repu-

tion at home and abroad, and the time

to do it is now.





 





ROOTS VS. SILAGE FOR COWS.





 





I would like to ask a few questions in

regard to roots for milch cows. One of

of my neighbors tells me he read in some

farm paper where they made a test of

roots and ensilage. He said the roots

were ahead of ‘ensilage. I never sup-

posed they were as good as ensilage.

Will you kindly tell me thru your paper

if you know of any such test?



Gladwin Co. W. H. SNYDER.





There is very little difference between

roots and silage, pound for pound of dry

matter. Careful experiments have been

made at the Ohio. Pennsylvania and-Ver-

mont stations with corn silage and beets,

and in one trial at the Pennsylvania sta-

tion there was a slight difference in favor

of the beets. On the average, however,

for all the experiments made, corn silage

is about 3 per cent ahead. This, you

understand, is comparing the food value

of the dry matter of corn silage and

beets. Now when we take into consid-

eration the increased amount of dry mat-

ter that can be produced on an acre of

corn silage over that which can be pro-

duced on an acre of beets, it makes corn

silage a. much :more profitable crop for

the farmer to grow for his cows than

roots. Not only that, but it costs more

to grow an acre of roots than it does

an acre of silage. The Pennsylvania

station estimates that an acre of corn

could be grown and put into the silo for

$21.12, while to grow and house an acre

of beets cost $56.70. At the Ohio station

Professor Thorne reports that an acre

of beets harvesting 15% tons and con-

taining 3,000 lbs. of dry matter cost as

much as an acre of corn yielding 57 bu.

of grain and containing 6,000 lbs. of dry

matter. Hence the great disadvantage of





roots in competition with corn silage is.





‘here made very apparent.





 





GROWING PEAS AND OATS FOR

COWS.





 





I receive some valuable information

thru your paper and I wish to ask a few

questions in regard to oats and peas

isown together for, a grain ration for

cows. \Vhen should peas be sown?

What kind of peas are best for this pur~

pose? How many oats are sown per

acre? also, how many peas? Do the pea

vines become ripe enough to cut by the

time the oats are ripe and will they cure

out in the oat bundles? Can the peas

and oats be threshed with an ordinary

wheat and oat threshing machine? About

how m'any bushels of this mixed grain

are produced per acre where oats go

about 30 bu. per acre alone?



Kalamazoo Co. J. B. WHITLOCK.





Peas and oats for grain should be

sown as early in the spring as the land

will do to work. In fact, they ought to

be the first crop put in. Common Can—

ada field peas is the right variety or

kind of peas to be used with oats where

grown as a grain ration for cows to

balance up the other ration grown on the

farm. Equal parts of seed by measure

is about the right proportion to sow

where you want to harvr-st them for

grain. But if you want to cut them as

you would clover and make hay out or

them, then I would sow equal parts by

weight. In the first instance, where you

grow for the grain, you have more peas,

Which is the food wanted because it is

rich in protein. In the second instance

you get more forage because you get a

greater growth of oats. Sown practi-

cally at the same time they will ripen

near enough together so that they can

be out without any trouble and they can

be out fairly green with a self-binder.

Thcn if they are set up in round shocks,

and well capped they will cure out nicely

and, when cured in this way, the straw

after it is threshed makes pretty good

feed for cows. I should say that if your

land will not grow over 30 bu. of oats

to the acre you cannot expect a very

large yield of peas and oats unless you

fertilize it well.





The Mlchigan Farmer Sells Shorthorns.



Dawson & Son, Sandusky, Mich., who

have been advertising Shorthorns, write

us to take their advertisement out of

the Michigan Farmer as they are all

sold out.





I got a watch of you last spring and it

keeps good time—Walter Hyatt, Big

Rapids, Mich;





a ' I





‘ SFHE_ MICHIGAN FARMER.





FAD" SQUARE ‘-- DEAL '





Is assured you when you buy Dr. Pierce’s family medicines—for

all the ingredients entering into them are printed on the bottle-

wrappers and these are attested under oath as being complete and

correct. You know just what ou‘arc paying for and that the

ingredients are gathered from ature’s laboratory, being selected

from the most valuable native medicinal roots found growing in

our American forests and while potent to cure are perfectly harm-

less—even to the most delicate women and children.





Not a drop of alcohol enters into their com-

position. ]! much better agent is used both

for extracting and preserving the medici-

nal principles in them, viz.— pure triple:

refined glycerine. This agent possesses in: -



trinSic medicinal properties of its own, being a most valuable

. antiseptic and antiferment, nutritive and soothing demulcent.





 





Glycerine plays an important part in Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery in the cure

of indigestion, dyspepsia and weak stomach, attended by sour risings, heart-burn, foul

breath, coated tongue, poor appetite, gnawing feeling in stomach, biliousness and kin-

dred derangements of the stomach, liver and bowels.

. Besides curing all the above distressing‘ailmcnts, the “Golden Medical Discovery”

18 a specific for all diseases of the mucous membranes, as catarrh, whether of the nasal

passages or of the stomach, bowels or other organs. Even in its ulcerativc stages it will

field to this sovereign remedy if its use bc persevered in. In Chronic Catarrh of the

asal passages, it is well, while taking the “Golden Medical Discovery” for the necessary

constitutional treatment, to cleanse the passages freely two or three times a day with Dr.

Sage’s Catarrh Remedy. This thorough course of treatment generally cures even the

worst cases. ,



In coughs and hoarseness caused by bronchial, throat and lung affections, except

consumption, the “Golden Medical Discover ” is a most efficient remedy, especially in

those obstinate, hang-on-cou hs caused by irritation and congestion of the bronchial

mucous membranes. The “ iscovcry” is not so good for acute coughs arising from

sudden colds, nor must it be expected to cure consumption in its advanced stages—no

medicine will do that—but for all the obstinate, chronic coughs, which, if neglected, or

badly treated, lead up to consumption, it is the best medicine that can be taken.



To find out more about the above mentioned diseases and all about the body in health and dis-

ease, get the Common Sense Medical Adviser—the People’s Schoolmaster in Medicine—revised and

up—to-datc book of 1000 pages—which treats of diseased conditions and the practical, successful treat-





ment thereof. Cloth-bound sent post-paid on receipt of 31 cents in one-cent stamps to pay cost of

mailing only. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.





The New owa Dairy Separator





Manufactured in the most complete factory in the world. We

as”: make everything from the raw material-—from the pig iron and the

‘ sheet and bar steel.



WE know the skimming device of the" IOWA is the best in the

world. No other separator will skim as close as the IOWA, and if at

temperatures of 50 to 90 degrees any separator in competition will

skim to rated capacity as clcse as the IOWA, we will make you a.

present of a new machine.



We manufacture more cream separators than any other concern in

the world. Our experience, our facilities for manufacturing, and our

basic patents enable us to turn out a. machine which is unequaled



by any other manufacturers.





WRITE FOR THE PROOF





We have thousands of testimonials from users of the New Iowa. Many of them state they

have used other makes before purchasing a. New Iowa and that they would not use a. cheap ma-

chine again if it was given to them. We want to show you that there is a great difierence between a

good and a poor separator. We cannot do this here and we want you to write for our catalog

which will explain in detail how a cream separator should be built to be durable. It is free for the

asking. We will also send you testimonials and reports from State Experiment Stations showing that

the New Iowa beats all her competitors in skimming. More than this we will prove to you right

on your own farm that the New Iowa is the best machine on the market. Do not purchase any

other machine until you write us. A postal will do. Send it today.





IOWA DAIRY SEPARATOR CO., 108 Bridge St., WATERLOO, IOWA





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The Best is the Cheapest.





 





 





 





lief», Me ~; Pay The Postal g‘e





   

   





 

 

   

   

 

   

 

 





 





/’//’L—g"‘ -

l - - . \ r \ éi’ijg

. ’ . . .V /

on My Big Free Book to Ybu («W

Though it costs me Bcrto mail every one of these books yet I'll send you one free because I want \ Hicko

you to know about my Celebrated Split Hickory Bugglies—made-to-order—sold direct from my m" ' ,. .. : \Syglggcles Soil-g

factory to you at home on 80 Days’ Free Road Test—guaranteed two years. Over 100,000 Split . U -\ D' t from

Hickory Vehicles now in use giving splendid satisfaction. ' \j greet t

[’11 Save You $26.50 on this Split Hickory Special Bu : a}: 0” °

_ Big saving on over 100 other styles and full line of Harness. My 1009 Book gives description s 0316'

_ and prices on over 125 styles of Split Hickory Vehicles—tells how they are made—and why H 30 138375 Free

they are best to buy—shows you more Vehicles to choose from than you could see in 10 big ‘ Road Test—

all ' , ' store rooms. May] send you this book free! Will you write today! Address me personally—- _ > ”f . ‘ g Two Years' .

H. C. Phelps, President. The 01110 Carnage Mfg. Co.. Station 32. Columbus. Ohio » ’ ‘ _, ‘- ’ Guarantee. _~-,-

. {1131‘ . . ’ v . ‘





 





 





 





 





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OFFICERS OF THE; STATE A8806lA-

TION OF FARMERS CLUBS.

President—A. L. Chandler, Owosso.

Vice-President—Mrs. Clara L. French,





Secretary—Mrs. W. L. Cheney, Mason.



Treasurer—D. K. Hanna, Caro.



Corresponding Secretary—Clayton Cook.

Owosso.



Directors—D. M. Beckwith, Howell; D.

M. Garner, Davlsburg; T. .B. Halladay,

Norvell; E. C. Hallock, Almont; B. 4.

Holden, Wixom; Wm. H Marks. Fair

Haven.



Address all correspondence relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. W.

L. Cheney, Mason, Mich.





Aesoclatlonal Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





 





 





Aseoclatlonai Sentiment.—

The farmer; he garners tram the sell

the primal wealth of nations.





 





THE HOUSEWORK PROBLEM.





 





Paper read by Mrs. Olive Harrington

at a recent meeting of the Napoleon

F‘armers' Club, of Jackson Co.





The best way to do housework with

the least hard labor, is a subject I have

been obliged to study for some time.

Possibly some of the methods I use may

help someone else. The one thing that

has been the most help to me is order.

A place for everything and everything

in its place, and this is not hard to do

if we form the habit, then stick to it.

It is just as easy to put a thing where

it belongs, as to throw it down, and

then have to pick it up again, or hunt

for it. All closets and cupboards should

be kept neat and tidy.



If I have any article' around the house

I cannot find a place for, such as news-

papers, paper sacks, strings, men’s

gloves, washcloths, and all such things,

so handy to use, yet always in the way.

I study on it until I can make a place,

or receptacle for them. ‘



I would wash all dishes as soon as

possible after using, as they wash easier,

and are then out of the way. There is

nothing more discouraging than a pile

of dirty dishes, left from one meal to

another.



In baking bread I would be careful

about the yeast, not to make too large

an amount at a time. If we have good

fresh yeast, and good flour, we can feel

pretty sure the bread will be all right.

And that is the main thing, if we have

sweet, light bread we can get along. I

like to keep cookies, and fried cakes,

one or both, on hand, as they keep well

and are nice for any meal. Then by

making a cake, and a pie or pudding,

once or twice a week we have the foun—

dation for meals without constantly

baking. But if company happens to come

and everything is out but the bread, don't

cook, and work in the kitchen all the

time they are there, and make them

wish they had stayed at home. Get what

you have on hand, cook some meat and

potatoes and open some of your choice

canned fruit and pickles, and make them

welcome. They will not miss the pic

and cake, but will want to come again.



All washing should be well and thoroly

done, but the ironing, with the exception

of fine or slurchcd things, may be slight-

cd, or evensfoldcd smoothly and laid away

without ironing at all. I never.put a.

garment away that needs mending, but

keep them in plain sight so I will be sure

to remember them. I would keep the

sweeping done if I Could, but with a good

sweeper one can get along two or three

weeks without a thoro sweeping, and

with a little care there need not be

much dusting. I do not think it is nec-

essary to work all the time, and there

is nothing so restful as an hour spent

with a good book or magazine.



We are never too old to learn and by

thinking and planning, we can save our-

selves in many ways, and still keep the

home work running smoothly.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





The Sherman Farmers' Club held its

February meeting March 6th, at the home

of Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Carter, the meet-

ing being two weeks late on account of

the illness of one of our members. A,

good time was enjoyed, about 40 being

present to partake of the good dinner

that was prepared by the ladies. The

discussion was mostly on the subiect,

“When is the best time to plow for corn,

in the fall or spring?” The suggestion





 





,twhich Was left over from our January

"Meeting about holding a penny collection





to buy flowers for the sick, was endorsed

for the first. time by this club, and a.

sick committee appointed consisting of

Mr. Ray Splitstone and Mr. and Mrs.

Jacob Kemperman, to serve for three

months. The program consisted of songs





 





and recitations, and was enjoyed by all.

An invitatidn to meet at the home of Mr.

and Mrs. Judson Lyons, March 27, was

accepted and the club adjourned—Mrs.

L. Kemperman, Cor. Sec.'



[Discuss Postal Savings Bankr—At a

recent meeting of the Union Farmers‘

Club, of Oakland 00., with Mr. and Mrs.

Frank Eaton, the first question discussed

was, “Do we need the postal savings

bank, and why?” .I. B. Fuller opened

the question. . He that it would be a

great benefit, especially to the class of

people who are afraid of banks, but

would not be afraid to deposit with the

government. It would bring most of the

money of the country into circulation

and thus help to avoid panic. C. .

Dunstan, in the discussion virtually

agreed with Mr. Fuller. Fayette Grant

that it would open the way for govern-

ment guarantee for all banks, W. M.

Horton that as they only pay two per

cent they could not really compete with

other banks, thot that they would en-

courage thrift and economy among the

people. Said that in the eastern states

where there were savings banks every

other person had a deposit, while in the

states which have no such banks there

was only one deposit for every one hun-

dred and fifty of the inhabitants;



The country School as a "Social Center.

——“'What is our country school as a social

center and what can we do to improve

in". was a question assigned to Mrs. J.

Snyder. She called the country school

the social center and equalizer and spoke

of the old days when the whole district

met at the school house at spelling, writ-

ing and arithmetic schools and debating

societies. Thot it could be improved if

the patrons would visit their school and

study its particular needs. Mrs. Holmes

would improve it by adding}; manual

training room for the use of the. boys

and girls. The question was further dis-

cussed by Mrs. J. B. Fuller, Fayette

Grant and others. After the completion

of an interesting program the club ad-

journed to meet with Mr. and Mrs. W.

Stowe on the last Friday in March.—

Cor. Sec.



Active in lnstltute Work—At the

Round-Up Farmers’ Institute of Tuscola

county, held in the court house in Caro,

A. J. Busch, of the Elligton-Aimers

Farmers’ Club, was local manager, and

many creditable numbers of discussions

were assigned to this club, and again

in this much have we fulfilled instruc—

tions of our state secretary. D. K.

Hanna was chosen president for 1910.

The ladies' section was also very at—

tractive, and pronounced by many the

best ever. Mrs. C. L.‘ Wright was chosen

president for 1910.—C0r. Sec.





WW1





» 'GRANGE l





AAAAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAAA





Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





 





 





 





THE GRANGE AND YOUNG PEO-

PLE.——ll.





 





“Lack of local leadership among our

young people seems to 'be the unsur-

mountable barrier!" says one who is

trying to get certain young people en-

listed in a movement for their own bet-

terment. These young people want to

enlist, but they do not know how. They

lack initiative.



Why should one expect to find leaders

among these young people? Have they





   





\





THE" MICHIGAN, 'FARMER. -





Grange, or dropped out»? If they dropped

out, why did they do 90? Were they

given something to do. “kept busy," 01'

were older persons, who would not miss

a Grange meeting under any condition,

elected to all the offices? When the pro-

gram hour came, were these boys and

girls called upon to give their opinions

on any subject, from raising calves and

colts to the merits of Taft and his cab-

inet? Were they in any way referred to

as authorities on dates of important

events, or asked to discuss the serving

of tlie refreshments, the lining up of the

debating team, or the selection of seed

corn? Were they put in charge of a

committee, or a portion of the lecture

hour, or any enterprise proposed for the

Grange? Were they asked to suggest

bright or new plans for the Grange, now

and then? Or, instead of these, were

older men and women called upon to their

exclusion, perhaps because they held

back the first time they were asked and

did not seek the privilege for themselves

later?



Far be it from me to intimate that all

Granges ignore or fail to study to draw

their young people into the activities of

their Granges. I know better than that.

I know all do not. But the above re-

mark, and some other things seen and

heard during the past winter, have set

me to thinking until now I ask the ques—

tion, “Is not the desirable spirit in age

the one that delights in sharing with

others those exercises and duties that

develop men and women of accountability

and capability?”



JENNIE Bunnn.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





New U. P. Grange.——Since Dec. 1, of

last year, State Deputy John F. YVilde,

of Ottawa Co., has organized 13 Granges‘

in the Upper Peninsula. The latest is





Thompson Grange, located in Thompson?

township, Schoolcraft Co. The officers

of this new organization are the follow“,

ing: Master, Henry Van Gorder; over-l





seer, J. Severs; lecturer, Mrs. H. Van

Gorder; steward, Joseph Nelson; asst.

steward, Gustave Sellamen; lady asst.

steward, Mrs. E. Severs; chaplain, An-

drew Nelson; treasurer, Herbert Enge-

bretsen; secretary, E. Severs; gate-

keeper, Napoleon Dufour; Ceres, Mary





Thompson; Pomona, Julia Dufour; Flora,

Mrs. J. Young. .



The County Road System was dis-

cussed at some length by the members

of Marion Center Grange, of Charlcvoix

Co., at a meeting held March 3. The

consensus of opinion was that the. adop-

tion of this plan would not only bring

about a material improvement in the

roads of the county. but. that. it would

prove far more economical than the sys-





 

 





(33) I 341





The



Fountain Head

of life is



The Stomach





A man who has a weak and impaired

stomach and who does not properly di-

gest his food will soon find that his blood

has become weak and impoverished, and

that his whole body is improperly and

insufliciently nourished.





 





DR. PIERCE’S GOLDEN MEDICAL

DISCOVERY makes the stomach

strong, promotes the flow of digestive

juices, restores the lost appetite,

makes assimilation perfect, invigor-

ates the liver and purifies and enrich-

es the blood. it is the great blood-

maker, flesh-builder and restorative

nerve tonic. it makes men strong in

body, active in mind and cool in

judgment.





This“Discovery” is a pure, glycerlc extract

of American medical roots, absolutely free

from alcohol and all injurious, habit-fortn-





 





 





tcm in use at present.



Isabella Grange.—Deputy John \Vilde

has invaded Delta Co. and on March 13

organized a Grange at Isabella in Nuhmzil





township, with 22 charter members :mrl ‘

the following OlfiCEl‘SI Master, Bert ‘

Paterson; overseer, J. Landls; lecturer, ;





Helen McClellan; steward, John Westerg

asst. steward, Fred Bousla; lady asst:

steward, Minnie Nedow; chaplain, Emma;

Peterson; treasurer, F. R.





McClellan; l

secretary, Chas. H. Snow; gatekeeper,





 





 





Hall of Stony Creek Grange, No. 51, Washtenaw County.





This hall was dedicated February 6,

ruary 6, 1909.

living, three of whom were present with

to congratulate and celebrate paying the

ever been put in places where they

had to lead? Where others depend-

ed upon them? Where they received

credit if they "made good?" Where

there was a demand for them to

“try their metal" a little bit more than

it had ever been tested before in the Way

of bearing responsibility?



Let us suppose there is a Grange in

the community where these young people

live. That is generally looked upon as

a developer of leadership, isn’t'lt? Are

these young people members? ‘If they

ever have been, have they stayed by the





Organized in 1873, this Grange still has six





 





1901, and cleared of indebtedness, “Feb—

charter members

the large gathering which congregated.

last charge against their Grange Home.i





Viola Snow: .





 





George Rein went : Ceres,





 





Pomona, Anna Reinwent; Flora, Mary



Burgois. l

‘- " J

COMING EVENTS.

Pomona Meetings.



Western Pomona, (Ottawa





Co), at

Hudsonville, Thursday and Friday, Mar.‘





 





25 and.26. Mrs. O. J. C. Woodman, state;

speaker.



Lapeer Co., with Union Grange, in

Attica village, Friday, April 2. Master





N. P. Hull, state speaker.



Kent 00., with Oakfield Grange, Wed-

nesday, June 23. Miss Jennie Buell,

state speaker.





 





ing drugs. All its ingredients are printed

on its wrappers. It has no relationship

with secret nostrums. Its every ingredi-





. cut is endorsed by the leaders in all the





schools of medicine. Don’t accept a. secret

nostrum as a substitute for this time-

proycn remedy 0F KNOWN COMPOSITION.

ASK YOUR NEIGHBORS. They must know of

many cures made by it during past 40

years, right in your own neighborhood.





\Vorid’s Dispensary Medical Association,

Dr. R. V. Pierce, Pres, Buffalo, N. .





 





 





so EASY—SEEMS LIKE PLAY

Your Bop can work

all Day without

“fatigue





if you have a





KRAUS Pivot-Axle

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A delight to the farmer. Works so easily, operator I3

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No Tired Feeling If You Use the KRAUS all M





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Accept no substitute. I f your dealer

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lo: our free descriptive catalogue.





AK RON CULTIVATOR 00.





user. 13 AKRON. omo





 

   

   

 

   

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Where the summers are long and delight-





iu1:whereihe wintersare shortand mild.

Here you can grow splendid crops at

small cost. Rich soil. abundant water,

excellent markets and good neighbors.

Desirable Farms can be secured for

SIO PER ACRE AND UP

alongthe N. & W. Ry. Full information

and valuable booklet upon request

F H. LaBAUME

Agricultural and industrial Agent

Norfolk 8r. Western Railway,

Box M, M. . ROANOKB, VA.





$83 to the





Pacific Coast





Are you going in the Pacific Cont!



Do you want to save money '2



Do you want to be extra comfortable on

the trip at no extra cost ?



Would you like to have a. first-rate, good

natured conductor look after things for

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is





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Just write today and let us tell you about



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years. i





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Judson Co.. 443 Marquette Bldg, Chicago

_
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._- A, , ”fig,-......., ...... ,y.‘ .. “',





'\





(34> 0"





~342





: MARKETS ‘-





 





'ab'out ten days ago.





WWW

DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





Grain and Seeds.

March 17, 1909.



Wheat.—The market has held up well

after the dip in prices which occurred

Quotations are up

and dowu but the basis appears to be

resting upon the foundation of supply

and demand, altho the speculative fea-

ture is known to be important. The

trade has looked to Europe this week

where the war scare between Austria

and Servia was much used by the traders

to support high values. Russia is in-

creasing her exportations beyong expec-

tation. South American offerings are

scarcely normal, which is aiding the sel-

lers in this country. Receipt-s from wheat

sections for the week shows an increase

and the visible supply for the country

is slightly larger than a week ago. A

year ago No. 2 red wheat was valued at

98%c per bu. Quotations for the week





are:



No. 2 No. 1 No.3



Red. “'hite. Red. May. July.

Thurs. ....1.20% 1.20% 1.17% 1.18% 1.05%

Fri. ...... 1.22 1.22 1.19 1.20 1.07

Sat. ...... 1.22 1.22 1.19 1.20 1.07

Mon. ..... 1.2114 1.21% 1.1814 1.1935, -.06t;

Tues. ....1.20% 1.20% 1.17% 1.18% 1.05%

W-ed. .....1.20% 1.20% 1.17% 1.18% 1.05%





Corn.—Improved weather for the move-

ment of_ corn has been a bearish feature

in the market the past week and accumu-

lations are piling up in the corn sec-

tions. The effect has put prices on a

slightly lower basis. On the local market

there has been nothing doing in the trade

for the past several days. Demand here

is nominal and stocks are small. In 1908

at this date No. 3 corn was quoted at





65c per bu. Prices for the week alrsf: 3

o.



No. 3 Yellow.



Thursday ................ . 66% 67%,

Friday ................... 67 68



Saturday ................ . 6714 6314



Monday .............. 67%, 6814;



Tuesday ................. 67% 681,11,

Wednesday .............. 67 68



Oats.———Thc decline in corn had a



slight effect _upon the oat deal. Trading



is light and the demand small. In some





of the larger markets the stocks are in-

creasing because of receipts from pri-

mary elevators. One, year ago the price

for No. 3 white oats was 55c. Quota-





tions are:

No. 3 White.

....... 56





Thursday . . . . ...... . . . . . . .



Friday ............... . ........... 56



Saturday .......... . . . ......... . . . 56



Monday ........................ .— . 55%



Tuesday ....................... . . 55%



Wednesday ..................... . 55

Beans.-T‘his business shows no life





and the men who have, the legumesio

sell are not in a disposition to part With

them at the present figures, which are





about 180 above the quotations of a

year ago. They are nominally as follows:



Cash. lglail.

Thursda ................... 2.40 2. 5

Friday y. ..................... 2.40 2.45

Saturday ................... 2 40 2.45

Mlondav ..................... " 40 2.45

Tuesday .................... ’.40 2.45

Wednesday ................. 2.40 2.4





Cioverseed.—~—I)ealing is active on last

week‘s basis. The interest is confined

chielly‘to the cash deal, there being little

attention given to futures. The supply

seems sufficient for the demand for seed—

ing purposes. Quotations are:





Prime Spot. April. Algilkrier.

Thursday ........ 5.20 $5.20 . a

Friday ........... 5.25 5.25 8.00

Saturday 5.30 5.3 .L'l'

Monday .......... 5.35 5.35 i.£)0}

Tuesday ......... 5.35 5,115 5.104

Wednesday ...... 5.35 5.35 8.00





Rye.~~'l‘licre is no dealing in ryc. The

nominal quotation is unchanged from

last week at Sill/go



Visible Supply of Grain.

This week. Last week.





\that ............... 36.00ti,000 36,971,000





Corn ................. 0,017,000 0,502,000

Oats ................. 3,012,000 8,950,000

Rye .................. 520.000 509,000

Barley ............... 2.032.000 3,111,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.

Fleur.—-Prir-es stead): with last week on

all grades. Quotations are as follows:





Clo." r ................................ $5 59

Straight ............................. 0.6:)

Patent Michigan .................... [3.19

Ordinary Patent ..................... 5.70



Hay and Straw.—Priccs unchanged.





. riccs on track are: No. l timothy,

32.11021‘0wm. No. 2 timothy, $0500.10;

clover, mixed, $90110; rye, straw, $741,750;

wheat and out straw, $6fi 6.50 per ton_



Feed.——Prices are steady for all feeds.

Bran, $23 per ton; coarse middlings, $29}

fine middlings,, $31: cracked corn and

coarse corn meal, $270028; corn and out

chop, $25. . ‘



PotatoeseThe steady demand is giv-

ing this trade good support and prices are

ruling higher. Good stock is quoted at

80({1'1850 per bu. New Bermudas, $2.“)



r bu.

poProvisions.—F‘amily pork, $13.25fil1375;

mess pork, 317.500’1‘18: light short cica‘r,

$18; heavy short clear, $19; pure lard in

tierces, 1114; kettle rendered lard, 121/,c;

bacon, 12%c; Shoulders, 3c; smoked hams,

11@11%c: picnic hams, SlAc.



Dairy and Food Products.



Butter.——-The trade in creamery goods

is about steady with last week at un-





.1





changed values. Dairy offerings are.

meeting a good demand at improved

values. Quotations: Extra creamcry,

290; firsts, 27c; packing stock, 161/20;





dairy, 19c. _ .



Eggs.——'l"he increase in receipts and the.

larger call from consumers make this

market active. There are no accumulav

tions as yet. Fresh stock is off a half

cent from last week, being quoted at

18c per doz.





Poultry.—Offerings are small. Demand





THE ‘ MICHIGAN FArRMER





limited and trade quiet with prices

slightly improved'over those of last week.

Quotations: Dressed chickens, 15%@16c;

fowls, 14%@15c; ducks, 16@16%c; geese,

13@13%c; turkeys, 20@22c. «Live—Spring

chickens, 14'c; fowls, 13%@14c; ducks,

14%@15c; geese, 11@12c; turkeys, 19@

200 per lb.



Cheese.——Michigan, ‘ .15%@16%c; brick

cream, 17@17%c; schweitzer, 18@19c;

limburger, June, 150; Oct., 17c per 1b.



_ Fruits and Vegetables.



Apples.——Market firm. Best grades are

quoted at $4.75@6 per bbl. Western

apples in bushel boxes, $2.25@3.25.



Onlons.—Spanish, $1.90 per bu; home-

grown at 75c per bu; Bermudas, $3.50

per crate.



Cabbage.—Home-grown selling at 4c

per 1b.; new cabbage, $2.75 per crate.



Vegetables.—Green onions, 15c per doz;

radishes, 300 per doz; cucumbers, $2.25@

2.50 per bu; lettuce, 16¢ per lb; head let-

tuce, $3.50 per hamper; watercress, 45c

per doz; celery, 40@45c; spinach, $1.10

per bu; parsnips, 90c per bu.





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.



The potato market is a little slow this

week. prices up state ranging from 60@

63c. “‘inter is still on in upper Mich-

igun. so that stock is not moving. Early

seed potatoes are reported scarce in this

market. farmers having nice stock re-

fusing 51 per bu for same. Eggs are off

again, dealers paying country merchants

15%@160, and selling to the retail trade

at 17c. In live poultry dealers are now

offering farmers 250 per lb. for broilers

weighing 11,4 to 2 lbs. Wheat is 10 higher,

other grains unchanged.



Quotations follow:



Grains—\that. $1.16; corn, 67c; oats.

55c; buckwheat, 750 per bu; rye, 750.



Beans—Handpicked, $2 per bu



Butter—Buying prices, Dairy, No. 1.

Bio: No. 2. 160; creamery in tubs, 29c;

prints, 29%0.



Cheese—Michigan full cream is selling

at 15@16c per lb: brick, 17c; Swiss, 170;

limburger, 17c.



Eggs—Case count, 15%flltic.



Apples—New York, $5676 per bbl.



Potatoes.—70fi775c per bu.



Cattle.—~Cows, $2.50W4 per cwt; steers

and heifers, best quality, $305; dressed





 





mutton, 7filgc; dressed veal, 5fiiSléc:

dressed beef, cows, 5(1701/30; steers and





heifers, GWEN/2c.

Hogs.—~Drcssed, Sl/LWSI/Qc,

Live P0ultry.——Fowls, 12%(rh131éc; young





chickens, 13@14c; roosters, iWDlOc: tur—

keys, lgflllflc; young ducks, 13@14c;





geese, 10@11c; capons, 20@‘210; broilers,

114 to 2 lbs, 250 per lb.





 





Chicago.

Vthat—No. 2 red, $1.22@1.247/§.; May,





$1.151/2; July, $1.04.

May, 67%0 July,





Coin.—~No. 3 651/2c;

67%c.

Oats—No. 3 white, 53@54c;*May, 54%0;

July, 48%0.

lut‘ter.—~Steady.





. _ Creameries, 22@28%c;

dairies, 2061725c.





Eggs—Steady. Firsts, 17%0; prime

first s, 18%0.

Potatoes—Easy. Car lots in bulk.





Fancy, 87@88c per bu; poor, 80((f84c.

Pittsburg.

PotatoeS.——Micliigan, 85(7900 per bu.

Apples.~Stcady. King, $6.25 per bbl;



Spy, $5605.50; Spitzenburg, $5005.50.





 





Other Potato Markets.

New York.—Per 130 lbs., $2.25fd237.

Cleveland—“mite stock, 90c pci- bu.

St. Louis.~Northern stock quoted at

896F020 per bu.

Philadelphia—For good offerings, 7340

850 per bu.





 





Boston.



“'ool.—The depiction of the domestic

supply of wools makes dealing in those

grades very small. The interest in the,

foreign consignments is active and he—

speaks a strong demand for home offer-

ings when the time for selling of fleece-s

by farmers is around again. The trade

is strong abroad and buyers are attending

the London sales from every quarter.

Offerings are. quickly taken by the anxious

buyers. Quotations are unchanged llt‘l't‘

for staple kinds. In the wow—growing

sections contracts are being made for

the future crop at prices favorable to

sellers.





 





Elgin. -

Button—Market is firm and unchanged

at 29c per lb. Sales for the week

amounted to 436.500 lbs.

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.



(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.



March 17., 1.00.0.



Receipts of sale stock lit-re today as

follows: Cattle, 3.? cars; sheep and

lambs, 7~i double-deck cars: hogs. 7-)

double—deck cars; calves, 1,400 head.



The cattle market opened active and

106F150 higher than last Monday on all

kinds that were desirable. Late in the

day prices dropped off somewhat but at

the close everything is sold and we con--

sider we had a very satisfactory market

as the run west proved larger than at;

first reported. \Ve see nothing in the

future to cause us to think prices will be

any lower on the best cattle. There. were

no cattle on today’s market that could

be considered strictly choice; had there

been we think we could have reached

the 7c mark. The. only danger at pres—

ent, we think, is on the common and half

fat cattle that are now selling extremely

high compared with top sales.



We quote: Best export steers, $6.50@

6.90: best 1,200 to 1.300 shipping steers,





360176.60: best 1,000 to 1,100 do. $5.756)

6.15: best_ fat cows, 3450617525; fair to

good do. $4604.25; trimmers, 326000280;

best fat heifers, $5.25@5.75; light fat

heifers, $3.75@4: best bulls, $4.‘50@5;





bologna bulls. '$4@4.2‘5. Milch COWS and





V-_\ 0’ ‘Lf-xft‘l.





' human, 20, 1009;





I





springers lower and hard to sell at $30 risky and extremely speculative, and the

@401 ' ' ‘ - ' j great'majtirity of'succes'sful cattle feed-



Wlth 64,000 hogs in Chicago market ers have made their money in years pvt

today and prices 10@20c lower, we could by buying the medium-priced feeders.

110‘ how 0‘1" market Steady and we also It is well to note the fact that after 3

SUffered a decline 0f from 10@15c from careful canvass among the local packers





Saturday’s best time. Market closed





and eastern shippers of cattle, a promi-





steady at the opening prices With a 800d nent.Chicago live stock commission firm





clearance.

near future.



We duote as follows:

and heavy, $7@7.10;

lected, $7.15; best yorkers, $6.90@7; light

do $‘6.40@6.65; pigs, $6.25@6.35, mostly at'

$6.30; roughs, $6606.15; stags, $4.75@5.



Sheep market was active at the follow-

ing quotations, but we look for lower

prices before the .week is out: '



Top lambs, $8.15@8.25; fair to good,

do., $7.80@8; cull do., $6.75@7.50; skin

cull lambs, 35.50636; yearlings, $6.50@7;

wethers, $5.75@6.25; ewes,

sheep, $3.50@4.50; best veals,

medium to good, $7@8.75; heavy calves,

$4@5.50.





 





Chicago.

March 15, 1909.

. Cattle.

Received today





Prospects are 300d for the has. learned that there has been a de-

. crease of 25 per cent in the consumptive.



fMixedh rinedium demand for choice cuts of beef thruout

a ew C 909 59‘ the country as compared with-the last

five years.

for cheaper cuts of beef has increased

correspondingly, and people who used to

pay for the choicer cuts are asking for

cheaper beef.

work, and the purchasing power of the

greater part of the people has been low-

ered considerably.

$5 25, cull men are marketing their heavy beevest

.$9"@9 25, and preparing to refill

‘ ' with 1,000 to 1,200 lb. cattle which can



be matured advantageously in from two

to three

promises to be on an extensive scale

both east and west; and it is learned

that the pastures of the southwest will

HOES- Sheep. be utilized to the fullest extent, but the

....-26,000 64,000 25-000 rapid settlement of the northwest stands





In the meanwhile the demand





Many people are out of





A good many stock-

their feed lots





months. Summer grazing





Same day last year..25,946 56:356 12’735 in the way of a large ctatle movement to





Received last week





Cattle





..51,963 164,204 72.333 - - 0

Same week last year.55,317 170,940 58,561 3;? £35; 0f the country’ Where "”1“”





supplanted by small farms.





have been selling recently at However, small ranchers in the Dakotas





much higher prices than were paid ear- M t ill ,

lier in the season and much higher than :“goodogffifi Sackegugatiaefhe aggregate





in former years at this season, decreas-





ing supplies having been well taken by mand, but





local killers

the export trade

affair as compared with

The fact is that South America and

Australia are competing successfully with

the l'nitea States for the British beef

market, and this country is getting the

worst of it. But all the time our popu-

lation is growing at a rapid rate, and

there are more meat—eaters by far than

in the past, while fewer cattle are being

prepared for the domestic market. The

weak feature at present is the unusual

dearness of beef at a time when the

American public is poorly prepared for

paying higher figures, and hog meats are

being substituted to an unusual extent

for beef and mutton, owing to the relative

clicapncss of the first named. Beef steers!

have been selling chiefly at $5.50@6.75,3

with common to fair light—weight killers

selling at 346060560, and choice to fancy:





 





heavy shipping cattle at $6.75@7.40. 1

Good steers sell at $6.30@6.70 and‘ a,

medium class at $5.750176.25. Butcheringi





cows and heifers are. active sellers most

of the time at $3.30fi‘6, while canners and

cutters are fairly active at $l.90ml3.25,

bulls goii'ig at Milo/(175.10. Calves have

been in strong demand at $3013.50 per

100 lbs., and milkcrs and springers sold

fairly at $256055 each. Stockers and

feeders are selling fairly at $3@5.40,

choice lots being scarce.



The large supply of cattle today made





a bad market for all except the best

grade, and sales Were largely 10@15c

lower. The advance of 1060150 gained

in prime bcevcs last week was main.

tuined.





Illogs have been having a. good demand

for still another week, and the market

was in a strong position, subject to the

usual reactions after good advances in

prices. The best heavy hogs were‘

scarce, as usual. and were apt to sell;

near the $7 iigurc. The tendency is stilli

to market too many pigs and liglit-wcightg‘

hogs, and these are. selling at a marked‘

discount, altho the discount is smaller

than it was earlier in the season. The

recent average weight of hogs marketed

here is about 203 lbs.. compared with

L’ll lbs. a year ago and 227 lbs. two years

ago. Feeders of hogs feel greatly en—

couraged over the way hogs have been

selling of late and are. hopeful regarding

the future, the liberal eastern demand

being a strong factor. Corn is dear, and

this fact causes some stockmen to sell

their hogs too early, altho feeding corn

to hogs has been making good returns

right along. It seems advisable where

owners have plenty of feed and the hosts

are growing rapidly to make. them weigh

upward of 300 lbs. Today’s exceptionally

large receipts caused a decline of 100,

sales being made :it $61501 6.80, with the

best lSlS—lb. hogs going at $6.65.



Sheep and lambs have sold well or

poorly zit-cording to their attractiveness.

there being the, usual scarcity of well

fattcned tlocks and a good demand at

high priccs. As the spring season ad—

vances there is a large increase in the

proportion of shorn flocks seeking a

market, and recent sales have been made

50017.5(- per 100 lbs. below prices paid for

woolcd ct'iiisignmcnts. Mexican yearlings

with the wool on their backs sold up to

$7.40, while prime w0olcd lambs went at

$3 once more. Feeding lambs were

scarce and still higher. with ready buyers

at 30.650113?» for the better class. Col-

orado has shipptd in more lambs, and

they have sold very well :is a. rule. The

demand for lambs is much greater than

for sheep, and lziiiib prices stand a much

better comparison than sheep with for-

mer years. Lambs sold today at $5.50@

7.65, cwcs at $2.3061‘465, \vctliers at $5.25

((15.00, rams at $3694.50 and yearlings at

$025,607.25. F.





 





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





The market prices for beef cattle in

Chicago have been running far ahead of

former years, and experienced stock

feeders have been making satisfactory

proiiis, despite the unusual dearness of





and eastern shippers, but stronger preference for





Horsesare having a fairly active de-

buyers generally show a.

good animals





has become a. time“ than heretofore, and common horses are

former times. frequently sold at reductions from recent





high prices. Average drafters are taken at

$175@220 per head, With finished fed

draft horses selling at $225@250, and

sometimes higher. Farm chunks are leSS

active at $130@175, a few extra choice

farm mares well adapted for breeding

purposes going at $180@200.' Drivers

are active at $150@350, with the greater

part going at $175@225. Mules are ac-

tive at $75@200. '





ANSWER





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the world—My price has made it—Save dealer,” her

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secret and reason: I make you a. price on one based

on a 25,000 guantity and pay the freight right to

your station. You onl pay for actual material,

labor and one small pro is, based on this enormous

quantity on a.





GALLOWAY





Get my bran new proposition with proof—lowest;

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ow’s that forte. propositioni f I did not have

beat spreader I would not dare make such on offer.

, farmers have stamped their 0. K. on it.



They all tried it 30 dogs free Just like I ask you

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Waterloo, 1..





 





 





 





 





 





KNOW Your Weights—Don’t Guess





The successful farmer of to-day KNOW S the exact

weight of the supplies hepurchases: he KNOW S to a

certainty how much the products weigh that he sells.



Accurate weights are a big, vital feature in refit-

able fanning. l’iiblic scales are ex pensive, mire table

and often situated at a distance,but every farmer can

be sure of perfect accuracy if he owns an





OSGOOD ‘





PITLESS SCALE





These Scales are absolutely reliable—warranted so:

every farmer can now allord one. ‘ .

Prices range from $45 to $80.



Catalogue illus-

trates many styles

of scaleaand con-

tains valuable

scale inforiiia-

tiou. Write for it.



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and Liven-Troubles



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for information and testimonials. Address



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Dept. A. 145 Oakwood Blvd. Chicago. Ill.





DeLOACH

3% to 200 "J’-





 

 

 

 





 





 





   





STEAM. GASOLINE AND wnén rowan

PLANERS SHINGLE museconu mus

we PAY THE FREIGHT.



SEND FOR CATALOGUE.





DeLOach Mill Mtg. (20., Box 357, Bridgeport. All-





 





corn. Cattle that are fit for marketingi

should be sold without delay, and

muddy feed lots are causing many feed—

ers to cut loose. Some highly optimistic

stock feeders are disposed to become a

good deal elated over the recent in-

creased strength in the cattle market

and to place orders with their livestock

commission firms at‘ the Chicago stook-

yards for high-priced feeders, weighing

around 1,000 to 1,100 pounds, and costing





r—99 9%00 % Pure—

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Guaranteed For- 30 Years.

Without Palntlng



The Only Guaranteed Metal Roofing ever put on the



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around $5.25@5.50 per 100 lbs. This 1'81





TIIE AMERICAN lllfll RMFIIB 60.. DIM. I.\ELYIII. OHIO





W'WW’ .





 





}





.i





 





i.‘ kind“





59' 1.. «, .-..., . . '





W_-.





rm:
.

l

l.





 





..-—Lxé-».x.,g, .





fits in".





2

l

i





 





'27" 20’,.1m.._





!





Tl-ue Is THE LAefr union; ~





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are-given in the last edition. The first

editionis mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday 3

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





 





Thursday's Market.

March 18, 1909.

Cattle.





Receipts, 908. Market active at last

week’s prices.

We quote: Extra dry,fed steers and





heifers, $5.50@6; steers and heifers, 1,000

to 1.200, $5@5.35; steers and heifers, 800

.to 1,000, $4.50@5.25; steers and heifers

that are fat, 500 to 700, $4@4.60: choice





fat cows, $4.50; good fat cows. $4@4.25;.





common cows, $3@3.50; canners, $1.50@

2; choice heavy bulls, $4.25@4.60; fair to

good bolognas, bulls, $4; stock bulls, $3.25

@4; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1.000,

$4@4.50; fair feeding steers, 800 to 1,000,





$3.50@3.75; choice stockers,‘ 500 to 700,

$3.50@3.75; fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3

@350; stock heifers, $2.75@3; .milkers,





large, young, medium age, $40@50; com-

mon milkers, $20@35.



Roe Com. Co. sold Caplis .16 steers av

680 at $5, 3 cows av 1,040 at $4; to Sulli-

‘van P. Co. 25 steers av 1,012 at $5.40; to

Cooke 24 do av 837 at $5.40, 6 do av 675

at $5; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 bulls av

1,010 at $4; to Goose 1 cow weighing

1,270 at $3.75, 3 heifers av 486 at $3.75,

3 do av 403 at $3.75; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 1 bull weighing 1,120 at $4.50, 1- do

weighing 1,110 at $4; to Mich. B. Co. 1

cow weighing 1,060 at $3.75, 7 steers av

900 at $5.25, 1 cow weighing 740 at $3.75:

to Fry 4 butchers av 717 at $4.60, 10 do

av 765 at $4.60; to Newton B. Co. 13 do

av 690 at $4.15, 2' heifers av 475 at $4.15.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 1' bull Weighing 1,740 at $4.25, 8 steers

av 941' at $5.30, 6 do av 791 at $4.75, 6

butchers av 521 at $3.85, 1 cow weighing

1,150' at $4; to Mich. 1B. Co. 2 heifers av

785 at $3.50; to Kamman B. Co. 21 steers

av 900 at $5.20; to Mich. B. Co. 22 do av

800 at $5, 2 do av 1,065 at $5.50, 6 butch-

ers av 1,046 at $4.30; to Kamman 11 do

av 952 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co. 11 steers

av 970 at $5.25, 1 cow weighing 1,100 at

$4.25; to Bresnahan 3 heifers av 633 at

$4.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 c0ws av

1,100 at $4.50, 2 steers av 1,110 at $5.35,

4 do av 950 at $5.35, 1 do weighing 890

at $5.35, 2 cows av 1,150 at $4, 2 steers

av 1,020 at $5.10; to Greene 32 feeders av

834 at $4.40, 5 cows av 1,118 at $3.75, 2 do

av 900 at $4.50, 2 do av 940 at $3; to Kam-

man 15 butchers av 713 at $4.60.



Spicer, M. & R. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 1 cow weighing 1,040 at $4.25, 11 steer

and heifers av 857 at $5.25, 2 cows av

1,115 at $3.75, 1 do weighing 780 at $2.75;

to Mich. B. Co. 13 butchers av 854 at

$4.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 17 steers av

1,140 at $5.30; to Goose 2 cows av 760

at $2.75; to Kamman B. Co. 2 do av 1,085

at $4.35, 6 butchers av 530 at $4.25; to

Goose 2 cows av 1,015 at $3.40; to ‘Ham-

mond, S. &. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,460

at $4.50.



Robb sold Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,650 at $4.50, 4 butchers av

700 at $4.50, 13 steers av 981 at $5.50.



Sharp & W. sold Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows

av 1,185 at $4.25, 3 steers av 966 at $5.25,

1 cow weighing 1,300 at $4.50.



, Veal Calves.



Receipts, 375. Market 50@75c lower

than last week; few extra at $8.25. Best,

$7.75@8.25; others, $4@7.50; milch cows

and springers steady.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 12

av 140 at $7.65, 3 av 140 at $7; to Nagle

8 av 120 at $6.50, 18 av 125 at $8, 5 av

160 at $8.25; to Newton B. Co. 11 av 140

at $7.75, 1 weighing 90 at $5; to Sullivan

P. Co. 10 av 134 at $7.25; to Kull 12 av

140 at $7.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 av

140 at $8.



Spicer, M. & R. sold Sullivan P. Co.

2 av 135 at $7.75, 7 av 135 at $7.75; to

Hammond, S. &. Co. 3 av 118 at $6, 20

av 120 at $7.50, 3 av 160 at $6, 9 av 140

at $7.50, 5 av 115 at $7.50, 1 weighing 140

at $5; to Goose 7 av 300 at $4; to McGuire

2 av 190 at $7 8 av 140 at $7.50; to Nagle

8 av 145 at 7.75; to Parker, W. & Co.

19 av 125 at $7.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 10

av 113 at $6, 41 av 140 at $7.



Adams sold Sullivan P. Co. 8 av 125

alt/$7.50.



Lovewell sold same 13 av 138 at $8.



Heeney sold Burnstine 4 av 130 at $7.75.

8132e5nnett sold same 1 weighing 170 at





Morris sold same 10 av 137 at $7.50,

5 av 105 at $5.

tR$97bb sold Friedman 1 weighing 100

a .



Haley sold Mich. B. Co. 10 3

at $7.85. av 1



Mertz sold same 21 av 130 at $7.50.



Sharp & W. sold Newton B. Co. 2 av

140 at $7.50, 1 weighing 250 at $5.



Haley sold Rattkowsky 13 av 120 at $7.



Mayer sold McGuire 6 av 155 at $7.75.



Johnson sold Nagle 4 av 105 at $5, 12

av 140 at $7.50.



”Weeks sold same 10 av 123 at $7.50, 1

weighing 130 at $5.



Bergin & W. sold Fitzpatrick Bros. 14

av 135 at $7.50, 1 weighing 160 at $5.



Graft sold same 10 av 123 at $7.50, 1

weighing 320 at $5.50.





Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 3,312. Market opened 1060150

71. gher. than last week. Best lambs, $7.60



7am: fair to good lambs,'$7@7.50; light

to common lambs, $6626.50; yearlings. $6

($6.50; fair to good sheep, $5@5.50; culls

and common, $36134.

"Spicer, M. & R. sold Sullivan P. Co.

1 ,buc‘lga_wiei hing 110 __at $2.50, >1841ambs

av‘72 at $7725, 34 sheep av 77 at $5.50;





' $7.65.





   





THE 'MICHIGAN' FARMER-





to Young 14 lambs av 65 at $7, 1 buck

weighing 100 at $4; to Hammond, S. &

CO. 2 lambs av 110 at $7.50; to Mich. B.

Co. 1 buck weighing 150 at $4, 2 do av”

95 at $4, 33 lambs av 60 at $6.65, 24 do

av 70 at $7.60, 1 buck weighing 120 at $4;

to Robinson B. Co. 10 sheep av 69 at $3,

24 lambs av 67 at $7; to Nagle 66 do av

83 at $7.50.



Lovewell sold Sullivan P. Co. 15 lambs

av 77 at $7.50. .



Bergin sold Fitzpatrick Bros. 53 lambs

av 90 at $7.50.



Mertz sold Mich. B. Co. 12 lambs av

75 at $6.50. _

Robb sold Eschrich 6 sheep av 130

at 4.



M$orris sold same 9 lambs av 65 at $6.50.



Robb sold Nagle 51 lambs av 90 at





Sharp & W. sold same 5 sheep av 70

at $2.50,.1 buck weighing 160 at $4, 9

lambs av 60 at $5.



Gannon sold same 12 lambs av 85 at

5.75.‘



3 Sharp & W. sold same 49 do av 77

at $7.50, 5 do av 60 at $6.



>Weeks sold same 57 do av 70 at $7.25.



Sharp & W. sold Newton B. Co. 1

lambs av 67 at $7.10.



Mayer sold Young 50 lambs av 70 at



35.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle 2 bucks

av 150 at $4, 9 lambs av 65 at $5.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 92 do av 67 at $7.40; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 106 lambs av 84 at $7.75;

to Newton B. CO. 105 do av 82 at $7.75;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 13 do av 50 at $6,

2 do av 70 at $7, 14 sheep av 100 at $4,

‘4 lambs av 95 at $7.50; to Young 46 do

av 84 at $7.75; to Parker, W. &. Co. 112

do av 81 at $7.75; to Mich. B. Co. 51

mixed av 75 at $5.25, 4 sheep av 105 at

$4; 69 lambs av 80 at $7.50; to Nagle 56

do av 73 at $7.25; to Eischrich 14 do, av

50 at $6.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 16 sheep

av 100 at $5, 4 do av 90 at $2, 6 lambs

av 80 at $7, 11 sheep av 105 at $5, 10

lambs av 84 at $7.50, 26 do av 85 at $7.60,

27 sheep av 90 at $3.50, 8 do av 100 at $5,

9 do av 110 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co. 18

lambs av 70 at $7.30; to Fitzpatrick Bros.

25 do av 110 at $7.75.



’ Hogs.



Receipts, 3,375. Good grades 5@10c

higher than last Thursday; others steady.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.75@6.80; pigs, $6@6.10; light york-l

ers, $6.50@6.60; stags, 9!; off. ,



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &,

Co. 60 av 150 at $6.60, 383 av 190 at‘

$6.80, 89 av 140 at $6.35, 140 a'v 150 at

$655,159 av 170 at $6.75, 143’ av 150 at

$6.50, 395 av 160 at $6.70, 402 av 160 at

$6.65, 23 av 210 at $6.90.



Roe Com. Co. sold Parker W. & Co.

26 av 248 at $6.90, 96 av 157 at $6.50, 42

av 194 at $6.85, 52 av 175 at $6.80. l



Spicer, M. & R. sold same 13 av 145 at

$3.23, 46 av 181 at $6.75, 74 av 166 at



.6 .



Sundry shippers sold same 166 av 170

at $6.60.



Spicer, M. & R. sold Sullivan 153 av

157 at $6.70, 62 av 194 at $6.75, 63 av 121

at $6.10.



Bishop, B. & H. sold same 160 av 103

at $6.10, 100 av 100 at $6.10.



Sundry shippers sold same 181 av 175

at $6.85, 32 av 244 at $6.90, 209 av 150

at $6.65.



Quality badly mixed. Hogs weighing

from 130 to 140 lbs. not wanted.





 





Friday’s Market.





March 12, 1907.

Cattle.





Market steady at Thurs-

We quote: Extra dry-fed.





 





 





 





Receipts, 45.

day‘s prices.





 





Low Fares

To Montana





Crop figures for 1908

prove that Montana.

is‘an excellent field for '

profitable farming. Se-

cure a farm of your

own there now.





Fertile land at reason-

able prices. Homestead

lands are still plentiful

in Montana close to the

new towns on the





Chicago





Milwaukee 8. Puget Sound





Railway





Low settlers’ fares to

Montana on March 23

and 30, and April 6, 13,

20 and 27.





 





$20.50 from Chicago to

Miles City, F o r s y t h

Musselshell and Round -

up; $20.75 to Lavina;

$21.20 to Harlowton;

$21.65 to Moore; $21.85

to Lewistown. Low





(35)





343 '





too 1’0 ssoo slum





We are manufacturers. not merchants. Save dealers.

to and catalozhoune profit. 1’“ save you from

850 :08300 on my High Grade Standard Gasoline

Engines from 2 to 22-H.-P.-—Pricc direct to you .

lower than deuleuol' jobber: have to pay for

similar engines in mrload lots for spot cash.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Dlrec!





, From

, I F

Price and quality speak for themselves , “"7, °" 3°

, and you are to be the sole judge. D”. .Fr'.

' Trlll. Satisfac-





 





fares from and to

other points on these

dates.



Complete information, ;

with new Montana 2

folder, free.





F. A. MILLER

General Passenger Agent





chicago, illinukeu &. St. Paul liy.





"‘— Chicago.





 





 





 





 





WE WANT





MUSKRATS





and other FURS.

Ship now while pr ces are high. Send for price





steers and heifers, $5.50@5.65; steers and , “at End Ihlpplngms





heifers, 1,000 to 1,200, $5@5.35; steers‘

and heifers 800 to 1,000, $4.30@5; steers

and heifers that are fat, 500 to 700, $4@

4.50; choice fat cows, $4.50; good fat

cows, $4@4.25; common cows, $3633.50;

canners, $1.50@2; choice heavy bulls, $4}

@450; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $4;*

light bulls, $3.25@4: milkers, large, young,

medium age, $40@50; common milkers,

$20@30.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Kamman 2 steers

av 1,035 at $5.60, 2 do av 940 at $5.15, 2

do av 1,090 at $5.50. :





Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 310. Market «steady at Thurs-

day‘s prices. Best lambs, $7.50@7.60;

fair to good lambs, $6.25@7.25; light to

common lambs, $5.50@6; yearlings, $5.75

@625; fair to good butcher sheep, $4@5;

culls and common, $2.50@3.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

16 lambs av 70 at $7.50, 53 do av 75 at

$7.40, 1 buck weighing 150 at $3.50, 48

lambs av 67 at $7.20.





 

 





Hogs.



Receipts, 285. Market steady at Thurs-

day's prices. Range of prices: Light to

good butchers, $6.70@6.80; pigs, $6@6.30:

light yorkers, $6.50@6.00; stags, If, off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &.

C0. 5 av 195 at $6.80, 23 av 150 at $6.35,

84 av 190 at $6.75, 70 av 180 at $6.70,

75 av 185 at $6.60, 51 av 140 at $6.50.



Spicer, M. &.. R. sold Sullivan P. Co.

61 av 179 at $6.75, 54 av 195 at $6.75.





 





 





Now at Nlne Markets. ,

It can be truthfully said that no other‘:

live stock commission firm approaches

Clay, Robinson & Co. in extent, effi~§

ciency and perfection of organization}

With their own houses at each of the

nine leading live stock markets of the

country, they are in position to advise

customers which market to ship to with—:

out bias or self-interest. Their ninel

houses are all in constant communica—‘

tion with the Chicago headquarters, and

With each other, by mail and wire. It.i

is all one great big organization and;

you have two hundred people at nine

markets all working for a single aim, andl

that is to see that you and all customers;

of Clay, Robinson & (‘10., no matter what!

market you ship to. get the utmost penny;

that can be had for your stock. These!

are a few of the many reasons Whv. if!

you are not already a customer of Clav,§

Robinson &‘ Co., it will pay you in dol-‘

lars and cents. and in satisfaction as

Well, to do business with them.





 





I]. F. PFAELZER & 60., 6 East 1211: 31., NEW YORK.





- HAY & uuuu -'





We want to hear from Ihlppen of Huy and Grain—Our

dine! service to large eon-union in this district enables

an to get top prices for good Ihlpmeuu. leenl od-

vuncu to oon-lgnon.





Daniel McCalfrey’s Sons (30.. Pillsbury Pa.

lol,~'nhlnglon IIl’I Bunk. Doqnnu lll'l lent.





SEED BARLEY





Choice Six Rowed.





OARSON, CRAIG & OO.





DETROIT. MICH.





—CZAB RUSSIA SEED

SEED OATS OATS, Reeleaned. Prue

80 cents per bushel. RINA M. DELL. Mason, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





— i , . b . f. .

FIELD PEAS b9“§.}i'l§cmet§. 32.2221" 'Xpr‘ii 1J2.

WM. 0. DONAHUE, Emmett. Mleh.. Route I.





 





and mode of applylnd.

WR TF‘ T





I l I H. 2

run wooovuurnnma LIME co. Toledo.0hlo i





.Agl'iCUltural Lime; The MICHIGAN FARMER





Sell your poorest horse and buy a





5-Il.-P. M8119.50





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





tion or money

, ' back.Write forspec-

lal proposition. AII

you pay me is for raw

material. 1 ab 0 r and

’ one small profit. Send to:

my big BOOK FREE.





Wm. Galloway. Pres.



' . Wm. Gallows, Co.



, 7 . , 3 645 Galloway Station

5.1.:- nviumu‘ws .1 Waterloo. low.





Mishawaka Side Jumper





Iron Standard, Solid Steel, Double

Edged. Reversible Coulter.





Made right hand as well as left.

Patented December 3, 1889.





 





 

 

 

 





This cut

Represents

our , ‘ 2' -





Improved Stolllew Ground Plow.





Address for descriptive circular





MISHIWAKA PLOW COMPANY, Mishawaka, Indiana.





BIGGER GRROEI GROPS





Pepend very largely on having the proper tools

or needing and cultivating. We make garden imc

plements of all kinds-the best for the purpose are





MATTHEWS’ NEW UNIVERSAL





Hand Seeders and Cultivators





l 0 combined with Hoes Plows Rakeo'

aingy ’ Markers etc.’ Over

FREE 300nm giving de-'

scription and pri es. Mailedto

any address.

Write today.





 

 

 

 

 





ms now 00.. Dept. as. nos-roan lass.

For sale by D. M. Ferry &Co.. Detroit, Mich





6RROENER’S~ FRIEND





and Weeder s

. Saves two-thirds V

of your garden .

work! One man

can do work of three. Bo§ can do

two men’s work. It draws— no chopping. bac -straln-

ing hoe work. Thirty inches of cutting edgel—flve

tunes that of a hoe.



Adjustable and reversible—will make planting

rows and cover them. Hus shield to protect young

plants._ Only one-sixth the price of wheel hoe. yet

works in loose, sandy. uneven and littered ground

where wheel hoe fails. Every one absolutely guaran-



' . Only $1.25. We pnyexpress. Try one and be con-

vmced. T ousnnds have doueso. Write at once. Also

ask for free book and tesiliifnoninls. t t f



i )8!!! terms on on si you

A snap for Agents start at once. hence to

make big money. One man made $18.60 in one day.

Article sells itself. Use snmple. We need to lay in lug

stock. Write today for particulars. Thisoflerlimited.





“RICH MFG. 00.. 117 River St.. ROCK FALLS. 1L1:





%Timber|.and Bonds





$700 000 issue secured by first mortgage

on timber tract valued,at current market

prices, at 32, 147,180.



This well—situated timber—32,000 acres of

hardwood and $250,000 improvements, in-

cluding 35-mile logging railroad and two

completely equipped sawmills-is owned

by a lumber manufacturing company of 20

years’ experience, large established busi-

ness and capital and surplus of $1,526,628.95.



Price of bonds—100 and interest. To yield

6% interest (0 investor. Write for descrip-

tive and explanatory circular.





A. ll. Leach & Go.

140 Durham Street, Chicago 6 %

New York Philadelphia Boston





Bargain Offerl

'l‘llE MICHIGAN FARMER





AND THE





DETROIT Semi-Weekly JOURNAL





BOT TOJANUARY1,1910,$‘|





F 0 R O N L Y

Send all orders to





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





   

   





DETROIT. MICH.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Anything that can

will pay the cost of s

mighty separator to

cost an all the profit.





Baler demonstrating a

you.

on request.





 

 

 





Goshen. Ind.





Are You Losing the Profit?





roperly be called a separator

11111111:



t 5716 of the milk both the

he extra cream a National





gets soon pays for its extra cost. The





Rational cream Separator





to the cream that others leave. It fgets you all

gore is in the cream business, day a t

after year. That's why it Will pay you to pay more

for the National than for any other. You make more

money in the long run and besides have the satisfac-

tion of owning a machine that always runs smoothly

and causes few. if any, repair bills.

National without expense to

Illustrated Catalogue of full particulars tree





THE NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE 00.





But it has to be a





or day, year





Insist on your





 





Chicago. Ill.
. . ”as”? ,. _ .n ¢__.r.¢..-........‘ .c ‘___.,__......





344 (so





 





VVYYVVVYYVYVYYYYYVYVYYYV





iHORTlCULTUREl





AAA; AAAAALAAAAAAALAAAA





 





 





 





CAN THE GENERAL FARMER

AFFORD TO GROW APPLES?





Concrete examples are more effective

than words, so I will preface my remarks

with some figures from my ledger on the

crop of apples harvested from an

apple orchard of one acre, about_25 years

of age, and the remnants of two old or-

chards containing together about 22

trees. Altogether there are about 52

trees, which would make a little more

than one and one-half acres if collected

and placed 36 feet apart.



Hauling 23 loads manure. .....-.....$ 7.00





Pruning .. ............. 2.70

Sprav' mg, four applications . . . . . . . . 59. 74

Thinning .............. . . . . . . 3 95





Picking packing, and hauling. 81. 30

Packages 7174





Total cest . . ...........$226.g3

Apples sold, 984 bushels ..... . 700.14

Net profit . ...... .$4T4.31

Some expanations are due. The ma-





nure was secured for the hauling so no

charge is made for it. The pruning this

season consisted only of removing water-

spouts and dead limbs and is less than

the average amount required. Last year

the bill for pruning and burning brush

'was 9510,00, the year before $2,00, and the

year before this $10.75. Previous to this

time the trees had not been pruned for

many years.



Four sprayings were made, the first

just before the blossoms opened, using

3 lbs. copper sulfate, 1/; lb. Paris Green,

and 5 to 10 lbs. lime to 50 gallons water,

applied with a hand pump. The second

and third sprayings Were made the last

of May and the tenth of June after the

blossoms fell, and in these and the last

spraying .‘2 lbs. arscnate of lead took the

place of the Paris green. At the last

spraying, Aug. 7-8, only half as, much

coppcr sulfate and lime was used.



Sixteen trees of Astrakhan, Snow.

V’intcr Rambo, Jonathan, Baldwin, and

‘n'py were thinned at an approximate cost.

of 250 per tree, which is much loss than

I had thot it could be done for.



The apples were picked and put di—

rectly into apple and cracker barrels and

some in orange, boxes and those set on a

low down wagon with bolster springs lit-—

ilca 11 platform and hauled to our barn

four miles away near the shipping sta—

tion. Baskets were used in the main for

picking, but on high trees both basket

and sack were used to save trips up and

down the ladder.



Apple barrcis arc chargctl at We cach,

which covets the cost of the barrel, haul—

ing, and nailing; ('l'tlt‘lvt‘l‘ barrels at 15C

which covcrs cost and labor in preparing

them. (Mange boxcs at" 31: each.



()nc hundrcd and thirty-one bushels

were sold to fal'lllcrs and villagers who

secured them from the orchard or stor—

age, 41 barrels of summer and fall fruit

were consigned to a (‘hicago commission

house, 7] barrcls winter fruit 'wcrc ship-

to gyocprg and consumcrs and the bal—

ance, or about two-thirds of tho wintcl‘

crop, was sold to a cold storage company,

loaded with the barrcls

and crates just as pli'lU-d from the trt-cs.

lilighty-cight bushels of picked fruit,

which arc on hand or distributed among





the car bring





relatives and flit-lids. arc credited as

SUltl, but no account is made- of fruit used

by three families and given

the su‘mmcr, or of the cidcr apples- which

did much toward supporting a diovc of

hogs, and furnished citlcr, vim-gar, and

apple butter for several families.

The \‘arictics arc Stark, Spy,





away dui lug





italdwin,





licn liavis, Stcclc‘s lit-d, \\'intcr Rambo,

R. I. (lrtcning ltussctt, Jonathan, Snow,

Bclletlowcr, King, 'it'all Pippin, Trans-





parent, and Astrakhan, the majority be—

ing of the first four varictios.



The young orchard of approximately

an acre, yicldcd about 750 bushels of

fruit, or an ay'cragc of about 23 bushels

per tree.‘ This yield isrintcresting chicily

when compared with that of surrounding

orchards as it probably contained more

good apples than all the othcr orchards in

the adjacent two or three townships,

While three other small orchards which

we sprayed twice for neighbors all had

fair crops of fruit. This season's crop

has demonstrated to all unbelievers in

the locality that there is virtue. in

spraying. \



In connection with the figures above

it is but fair to state that the 1007 crop

of fruit from the orchards barely paid

for the care of the trees and harvesting

expenses, yet it bore better than any

orchard in the vicinity. This included a

there spraying with lime and sulfur for





THE _MICHIIGAN FARMER.





the scale. The 1906 crop sold for $475.25,

returning a net profit of $215. The crop

was nearly as large but expenses were

more and prices less. The 1905 crop was

light but netted about $25 over expenses

including pruning and spraying. The

1904 crop netted $107.03 over expenses at.

the ridiculously low price of 40c per hun-

dred weight.



Perhaps I should have stated that two

of these orchards are on a rented farm

four miles distant. The younger one

has been used as a hog pasture for fifteen

years and has not been plowed, culti-

vated, mulched or fertilized except by

stock, in that time until last year, when

a half load of barnyard manure was

spread under each tree. One of the older

orchards has been in a regular rotation

of farm crops, the other is cultivated and

seeded to cover crops.



About forty of these trees bore prac-

tically a full crop, a half dozen of the

remainder a half crop, and :1 half dozen

a very light crop. These last either bore

last year, were old and injured trees, or

were badly affected with twig blight this

season. I



In one of the old orchards five trees of

varieties similar to the others were left

unpruned and unsprayed. One of these

which promised some fruit was given

the last two applications and several bar-





'considerable feed for stock, and that in





tion to furnishing. fruit, vinegar, and

apple butter for several families, and





this time the trees have been brot from

a state of neglect to a fairly good condi-

tion. The work has been done without

eneduragement from, and 'against the

advice of, relatives and friends, and with-

out the investment of a cent of capital

not secured from the trees themselves.

Neither has any farm or smallyfruit crop

been neglected on account of the apples.



It seems reasonable to suppose that any

farmer who has the willingness and en-

ergy to care for his orchard and the

ability to follow a few plain instructions

laid down by authorities on horticulture

can do as well or better. It would be

difficult for him to name many crops

that will give a greater net income for a

series of years and at the same time in-

volve less risk or require less land or

capital.



I do not,m'ean to say that every farmer

would make a. success of caring for his

orchard from a financial standpoint any

more than every farmer would make a

success of breeding pure-bredstock. He

must have a little love, or at least re-

spect, for his trees and perform the

operations upon. them in a careful man-

ner and at proper times. If the spraying

is left until he can find nothing else to





 





 





Old Neglected Orchards Give Good Financial Returns when Properly Cared For.





fairly good fruit were picked

from it. Another gave a bushel of scabby

and worniy fruit, and the others none

worth picking. All blossomed i'ull.



'l‘wo orchards in particulai of the same

age as otn"younger orchard and within a.

half mile of it blossomed full. One which

had l)(3('ll wcll pruned but not sprayed

yielded about enough fruit for a family;

the other which had been neither pruned

nor sprayed yielded nothing worth pick-

ing. The explanation appears to me as

follows: This was an abnormal scason

with an excess of warmth and moisture

at blossomning and for sonic time after

which furnished ideal conditions for the

.rapid growth of the apple scab fungus.

This worked on the blossoms and stems

of the blossoms and little fruit, causing

thcm to drop profusely, and it also got

a good hold on the fruit and foliagt’x that

i't‘lllitllll‘d and so wcaltcncd and injured

lllt'lil that when the drought of late sum—

mer and fall came the trees dropped a





rcls of





large sharc of the fruit they had been

ablc to carry thru the .iunc drop. in

runny ca~ts t,l11‘r‘4:-l‘ourtii‘-' of til“ un-





spr‘afi‘t‘d lfllll 11ml Iiloppwl l1}: (lt'tohtr 'l,

whilc the dropping war: not, above normal

on well sprayed llittf.



A Deduction.



“'c will now considcr the qucstion as

to whether the general farmer can grow

apples as a farm crop, or more par-

ticularly whether he can afford to care

for the trees now on the farm so as to

grow his fruit for family use and for

sale if there are trees enough.



The orchards referred to have been

handled in connection with general farin-

ing operations and small fruits and with

the additional disadvantage of being four

miles from home. The size, is about the

same {is the average orchard in general

farming sections and about the same

difficulties are presented, including the

unavoidable use of the orchard for stock,

the presence of the San Jose scale, the

previous neglect, etc. By striking an

average of the figures given above we

will find that the orchards have netted

above all expenses, about $100 per acre

per year for the last five years, in addi-





do it will never be done on time and

will often not be effective. The farmer,

may then reason that spraying docs no:

good. Of course, some frttit of fair qual-‘

ity can be grown without spraying, on

some seasons considerable good fruit,

but a good crop is never assured withouti

spraying, and should it chance to come,

it is generally when fruit is abundant in

the neighborhood, and consequently:

cheap. During the past two seasons there’

have been few instances of good crops

from unsprayed orchards.



I realize that there are weighty argu-

ments against the care of small orchards.

by stock or general farmers, arguments

sufficient, perhaps, to allow those to

whom the care of orchards is distasteful

to licglcct them, providing they will pur-

chase and keep on hand at all seasons

such fruit as a good home orchard will

furnish. This last proviso well—nigh nul—

lilies the statement, for few farmers will

or can provide such a supply of apples

during the entire season as a good or-

chard will furnish.



The chief diilieulty in caring for a

small homo orchard is the spraying.

i’airly good fruit can be grown without

cultivation if some mulching or manure

is applied, and a home orchard can often

bc utilized as a hog pasture much of the

season. The pruning is not difficult if

the trccs are not too badly neglected, and

there is a latitude of time in which to

do it—time, too, when other farm work

is not pressing. But the spraying, or at

least a part of it, must be done at cer-

tain times and a delay of a week may

make a great difference in results. It

must also be done thoroly. That we must

spray to grow good fruit is now a. settled

fact, and in regions where the San Jose

scale is present it is another settled fact

that we must spray to save our trees.



New this spraying could be done by those

rwho make lita businests to furnish the ap-





MARCH 20, 1909..





, Piles “quickly





Cured at Home





Instant Relief, Permanent Cure—eTrial

Package l‘lniled Free to All

. in Plain Wrapper.





Piles is a. fearful disease, but easy to

cure if you go at it right.



An operation with the knife is dan-

gerous, cruel, humiliating and unneces-

sary. ' -



There is just one other sure way to

be cured-painless, safe and in the

privacy of your own home—it is Pyramid

Pile Cure.



We mail a trial package free to all

who write.



It will give you instant relief, show

you the harmless, painless nature of this

great remedy and start you well on the

way toward a perfect cure. ‘



Then you can get a full- sized box

from any druggist for 50 cents, and often

one box cures.



Insist on having what you call for.



If the druggist tries to sell you some-

thing just as good, it is because he makes

more money 011 the substitute.



The cure begins at once and contin-

ues rapidly until it is complete and per-

manent.



You can go right ahead with your

work and be easy and comfortable all

the’ time.



It is well worth trying.



Just send your name and address to

Pyramid Dmg Co., 92 Pyramid Build-

ing, Marshall, Mich., and receive free

by return mail the trial package in a.

plain Wrapper.



Thousands have been cured in this

easy, painless and inexpensive way, in

the privacy of the home.



No knife and its torture.



No doctor and his bills.



All druggists, 50 cents.

for a free package.





 





Write today





 





Those who limit our need

are sure of goo crops, because all

the seed we se lia thoroughly tested and

warranted to be fresh pure and reliable.





 





 





paratus and materials and go from farm to

farm spraying small orchards for less than

it would cost the farmer who owns a few:

trees. If some reliable party will do this

and do it on time, by all means secure

them and pay the price without grumb-





Our pack esof vegetable seeds are larger this

year. 81»: cal cash discounts are offered in our





_ ; HEWSEEDBOflK—FREE





to any one who writes for

n cop py.

tei ested in planting

should have a copy. \

I. I. n. GREGORY l 801!

lublohood, luau





Every One in-





 





 





34 YEARS GROWING,





EVERGREENS





and Forests trees. Over 88



tested hardy varieties. All



Nursery grown. We have



over 60 millions and ship



safely to all parts of the



country. 0111- trees live



and grow, because they



have good roots. Large as



well as small trees supplied.



04.00 and up per thousand.



Our new catelo is a mine of information. You can

have a. beautifu Windbrenk, Hedge, Shelterbelt or

Screen with the hardlest of Evergreens at a. very low

cost. Our Bargain sheet describes 50 bargain lots from

$1. 00 per 100 and up. Millions of Nursery grown Forest

trees, Shade and Ornamentals Shrubs, Roses and Vines.

Send today for free Catalog and Bargain sheet.





0 E ‘

D. HILL Baez’sgffe’fiunsfiff’ihfil





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Seeds, Plants, Roses,





Bulbs, Vines, Shrubs. Fruit

and Ornamental Trees. The

. best. by55\eurs' test. 120011011351,

,« _ 50 in Hardy Roses, none bet-

, '1 .. tar grown. 44 greenhouses of

1 Palms. Ferns. Ficus. Ever-

._. blooming Roses. etc Seeds.

-. Plants, Roses. Bulbs, Small

. . Trees. etc” by mail postpaid.

: Safe arrival and sat1sfnction

:_ Moulnéfi%AI§In1§nnge stock 0:

. noon 0

bedding lants. 50 choice collections cheap 9n Seeds,

Plants. see, etc. Elegant 168-page Catalog FREE.

8:311:13 for it today and see what. values we give for a

i‘i m





111: swing :1 11111115011 co.. Box m. Punmille. o.





For 12 Cents





and the name of this pa-

4 I per we will send you 6

. packets choice flower

seeds, inclu ding one pack-

et KRAMER'S 20 th

' CENTURY GIANT

PANSlES. Illustrated

Catalogue for 1909 fret

I. N. KRAMER & SON

CEDAR RAPIDS lOWA





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 





 





EADQS GREEN MOUNTAIN OAT, RELIABLE

Spring Wheat, Triumph and V1. Beardless

Barle ASend for eatcst FREE Catalog before buyiu



SURE. Mgead’ ’I Exp. runs. Olin-1.01:“ Ya





 





‘ «me





.~ ad-





“I-





we 1‘





": ri‘t‘n u)
. M's—r}. w .-..





 





 





* Airmen no. 1903: .

ling. But few are so situated and must





' do the work themselves if it is done it





all. The outfit need consist of only a.

good brass pump with barrel, 25 feet of

home, a. good 8 or 10 foot extension rod,

and one or more standard nozzles, the

whole costing from $20 to $25, which is

only a fraction of the equipment needed

to? grow 'most- otherfcrOps.‘ If 'San Jose

scale is present an iron kettle to cook

lime-sulfur wash is needed. A barrel

or two for mixing the materials and a

one-horse buggy or wagon, or even an,

ordinary wagon to carry the spray-barrel

can be found on every farm, and gen.

erally there is a spare horse to draw

the outfit. A half day, or at most a day,

two to four times a year will suffice to

spray an orchard of from 25 to 50 trees.

according to their size.





Calhoun Co. ' S. B. HAR'I'IIAN.





GROWING SWEET PEPPERS.





 





The pepper plant, while it will grow

and do fairly well during a cool season,

produces the best results during a warm

season similar to that demanded by the

tomato. The time required to mature

i't-s fruits is also about the-same length

in the case of the large, sweet peppers,

while the smaller and earlier varieties

require much less time to come to ma-

turity. "



We start our pepper plants about the

first of April along with our tomato

plants, giving them about the same care.

The pepper, hawever, need not be given

as much room in the hot—bed and cold

frame as is necessary for the tomato

plant. ‘We set out plants in the' open

ground about June lst, or whenever the

soil is warm enough to allow of setting

out tomatoes.



The large, sweet varieties we" like to

set out 2x3 ft. apart in the field so as

to admit of cultivation both ways, early

in the season. Some of the earlier vari-

eties may be grown still closer together

but where land is not too expensive we

find it best to allow for cultivation each

way, thereby lessening the cost of pro-

duction.



The soil from which we have reaped

the best results in growing peppers is a

heavy sandy loam containing more or

less humus in its composition. The pep-

per plant being a gross feeder, it does

not pay to be sparing of your fertilizer,

especially where catering to a special

trade. The soil must be made rich and

for the purpose we have used the past

Sea-son, in connection with a good coating

of barnyard manure, a commercial fer-

tilizer rich in potash and phosphoric acid

to aid in the development of a firm,

highly colored fruit of the finest quality.



We have found the pepper plant im-

mune from attacks of insects and dis-

eases of any sort. Neither is it subject

to the ill effects from the hot winds that

often cause great injury to newly set

plants such as the tomato.



As to varieties for this section we

have found the demand almost wholly

in favor of the large sweet varieties. As

an early variety the Neapolitan gives

the best satisfaction. It is easily grown.

yields abundantly and is ready for mar—

ket fully two weeks earlier than any

other variety that we have grown and

having the same merits. As a late, or

main crop, pepper we have found none

that yields better and gives as perfect

satisfaction as the large Chinese Giant.

Its immense size, coupled with its excel—

lent quality gives it the advantage over

some of the smaller varieties which are

perhaps its equal in quality. Another

medium to late variety which we find

an excellent seller is the Sweet Upright.

Altho of smaller size it is a very thick

meated sort, of excellent quality, run-

ning even in size and having a very

even surface, an abundant yielder, and

when allowed to ripen takes on a most

brilliant Scarlet color not found in many

of the large varieties. Ruby King, an

old sort, does well with us in this local-

ity, but is inferior in shape and firmness

and very deficient in quality as com-

pared with the varieties mentioned

above.



We make a practice of shipping the

bulk of our pepper crop in the green

state. By so doing we allow the smaller

fruits a chance to develop and thus allow

of a larger yield of a superior quality.

Then again, the demand for ripe peppers

comes later in the season when there is

some danger of frosts and the demand

lyging somewhat lighter _than for the

green'fruits, by thus disposing of the

bulk of our crop early in the season we

not only find a more ready market but

are out of the way of any danger from

frosts. We find the Sweet Upright gives

thebest. satisfaction of any we have





 





grown when placed upon the market in

the ripe stage.



The sweet pepper is a heavy yielder

and being fairly easy to grow is an ex-

cellent crop for the truck farmer when

he can find a. ready market for the pro-

duct. Last season altho a poor season

on account of the excessive drought our

sweet peppers yielded us at the rate of

400 bushel-s and better per acre. We find

them an excellent crop to grow, always

bringing a good price per bushel with

less risk of “loss from a poor season than

with some other vegetables.



The half-bushel basket comes the near-

est to meeting the requirements of a

good package in which to ship peppers.

However, for pepper-s the size of the

Chinese Giant the bushel basket gives

better satisfaction besides being ‘more

easily packed. We have found it to some

advantage to make two grades with the

larger varieties—placing the largest fruits

in a grade by themselves. This not only

gives a more even package, one that

looks well to the trade when opened up





at its destination, but tends toward ad-





vertising your products wit-h a view to-

ward future sales by the neat and at-

tractive appearance of the package.



The advantage the pepper holds over

similar crops is the fact that they may

be utilized in either the green or ripe

state, and, not being a crop that must

be harvested the same day it reaches

maturity, means a great saving in ex-

pense as well as of quality, as compared

with the tomato, which must be picked

regardless of weather conditions. The

growing of peppers even in this section

of the state is a profitable business if

one can get the plants started early and

can find a ready market for his product.



Kalkaska Co. W. S. PALMER.-





 





GARDEN CROPS.





 





Caullflower.



For some reason this most excellent,

profitable vegetable is little grown ex-

cept by professionals, no doubt largely

thru the erroneous impression that it is

difl‘lcult to grow. This is not the case

however, as it is as easily grown as cab-

bage; and the culture for both is iden-

tical. For best results it requires a.

richer soil and at heading time the crop

may be largely increased by plenty of

water.



The same insect pests are common to

both and hence the remedies are the

same. Blanking is necessary, and is

simply done ‘by drawing the outer leaves

over the head and tying with string.

This should be done as soon as the heads

begin to form. The culture should be

on the intensive plan, same as for cab-

bage. As soon as full grown, the heads

should be cut, else they will grow woody

and worthless. One essential point to

bear in mind is that they will not head

well during the hot months of mid-sum-

mer, so they must be planted out to

mature previous to this or else be delayed

until the cooler months of autumn.



For the early crop sow in hot-bed in

March or Early April: early enough, at

all events, to get strong plants for sell-

ing as soon as soil and weather will

admit. Well hardened plants will stand

some. frost so they can be safely planted

quite early. For the late crop, sow at

same time‘as late cabbage.



The above points cover all the mystery

in growing the crop and there is no

valid reason for depriving the family of

an adequate supply, and as a commercial





crop it almost invariably brings high

prices.

The varieties are few and for extra





early, the Snowball and Dwarf Erfurt are

very desirable. The latter is very nearly

as early as the former and a more sure

header and for that reason perhaps

might be preferable. Early favorite is

a choice variety, very Ihardy, and for

inexperienced growers is safest of all,

as it will hcad- under conditions that may

cause failure in other sorts.



For late crop Large Algiers or Veitch’s

Autumn Giant are equal to any under

cultivation, and will meet every require-

ment.



Egg Plant.





To the writer, the culture of egg fruit

is always full of interest; and the won-

derment is why more of this vegetable

is not grown. For home use it is highly

prized and as a market crop the prices

are always high. No doubt one serious

hindrance is lack of facilities for starting

the plants in which is only another rea—

son why every garden should have at

least some hot—bed space.



The seed is slow to germinate and re—

quires a pretty good degree of heat. It

is a subtropical plant and sometimes is





 





THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER.





'rather'uncertain of fruiting, area under





good culture, in cool or wet seasons.

The best remedy know for this is to

pinch back the stems when they begin

to blossom, not allowing more than two

or at most three, fruits to set. Sow the

seed early and keep a‘fairly high tem—

perature as they ought to receive, no,

check in growth after being started.

When the plants have one pair of rough

leaves started transplant to about four

inches in the bed and keep the growth

constant. Harden off well before setting

in the ground and be sure that this is

not done until all danger of frost is past.

It is well to shade the plant-s for a few

days as they are delicate and do not

easily rally from the effects of careless

handling. The potato beetle is their

worst enemy and care must be taken to

keep them clean of this pest. ,



A warm, rich soil is best and hen ma-

nure or a high grade fertilizer well

worked into the soil during fruiting time.

will greatly aid the yield. Thoro cul-

ture will be well repaid, and generally

speaking, the crop is profitable. The

best efforts sometimes fail but this is

the common lot of all crops.



Varieties are limited in number so but

few are listed by seedsmen. Early Long

Purple is one of the first to mature, and

being large is a good market sort, as also

for home use. Black Purple is nearly

as early as the former, and quite large.

Mble qualities of both are good. For

all purposes the Black Beauty is best of

all and if but one variety can be grown

the writer would choose this above all

others. The fruits are large and almost

uniformly of perfect shape. Color, rich,

dark purple and table qualities are equal

to any grown.



Lettuce.

For early lettuce, either in open





345

90 Fruit Trees





GRAPE VINE S

and SHRUBS





Thin ll min

219 burl-ill.





(37) ‘





collection In all high-

grade. and I unto octane-to

of inspection is sent with

each order. Take advantage

of this opportunity at once.





Elsewhere this selection would cost you “0.“.





"EREG IS WHAT YOU GE 1 x



25 —All one-year No. I variety.

7‘ om. "i a, 5 Irma-1.5m: 2A3.-

~ “33.6 2 Nizgcnc 'colr BI’I ghton. Blflfl.’





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Moo-'9' c Early. 5 ‘ t

10 Norway Parlors—Four to so

high: sure to grow; high grade stock.



' 25 cherries—Two years old. hdnd-

9‘" ing 19 Eng. Morillo, 5 Monun o'nnd. 5

¢' ,' Onhelm and 5 ang.



5 Rosa—Accused as follows: I Sev-

en Sisters. I Baltimore Belle, 1 Dorothy

Perkins. 1 Prairie Queen. I Rambler.



In addido? to (hot:. shove we {ginning



d . t or measure, 9

" chi-13.11". reads: Snowball, l Hydran-



\ 31:1,! Lilac.l Tu Poplar. The above

‘ for $3. 87, Ihlpp In: charge- prepaid

by us, is his vdclnc tfor the :on u1‘0



once e

in your or ehe’tmu. and will lend





'0 29



/ 1 IO Gladiolus mixed, 5

”/FREE German Iris. 5 Tube-

roccc. Thu molten ultogether 9O

4 fruit tree-,tfiznpevlnec and shrub..-

”would be cheap for collection. At our

on get guaranteed stock. true to name and



on y n represented. Send order rod-y no





IOWA NUISIIY 00.. Dept. 87 DIS IOINIS. IOWA.





Only $9 for 100 Apple Trees





'4 to 5 foot Trees—not switches. Buds from

been 11: trees grafted on Whole Root. 50 for {6:25

for; .3; cash. Banana varieties-f nightzgrepgld.

Peach same price. Pear and Cherry

Cumberiln Ruggen'ya cents. These half prices to

new buyers. detection or Money Bock—lost

otter—order now.





RICHLAND NURSERIES.

BLOOMI‘IELD. INDIANA.





 





 





Box 25.





High Grade Nursery Stock





Everything the best for Orchard, Garden and

Lawn. Oldest in the business in his





GREAT NURSERY CENTER.





 





 





ground or cold frames, the new variety,

“VVayahead,” is all that its name im—

plies, both in earliness and quality. It

is a firm header, yet can be used at all

stages of growth, being always crisp and

tender. For an all-season's supply it is

as near perfection as can be found, both

for home use and market. The first

sowing may be in hot-bed and as soon

as the second pair of leaves appear the

young plants may be pricked out in cold





frame. or Seed may be planted directly'





in cold frame, or in boxes or seed pans

in the house and plants set in open

ground as soon as danger of frost is

over. Sowing in open ground just as

soon as the frost is out is perfectly safe

as both seed and young plants are very

hardy. Successive plantings may be

made at about three weeks interval, and

a supply of the very finest quality kept

up until hard freezing weather in the

autumn. ;

May King is a close second to Way~

ahead. as is Nansen in the heading sorta.

In color and size VVayahead is better,

there are few outside leaves to trim off,

outer leaves are light green while the

inner ones are blanched to a creamy

light yellow, very rich and buttcry and

with no bitter flavor. In curly or loose

leavcd varieties, the black-seeded Simp—

son and Morse are of the best. Detroit

Market Gardner‘s Forcing and Grand

Rapids are favorite forcing varieties, and

are also good for out-door planting.

There is still another group of lettuces

especially grown in the hot summer

months, known as the crisp head: these





Write for Catalog and Brnawslnnv Srncui.



Correspondence solicited. AGENTS WANTED

The Mutual Nurseries



CHAS. A. ILGENFRITZ. MONROE. MICK.





CHERRY TREES. 2 years old.



30’ 4cents each. Boxing Free.

Catalog free to Ev'erybod.

Sheetin' 3 Wholesale Nurseries, Dnnsville.N.





 





 





S cc. .2 Bl. Locust, healthy 1 yr. trees



1"” natal” “pro per 1 000. All kinds forest (hover

green trees cheap.

eed Oats—Wn.'l‘artar. big ylclders.‘ Corn, Famous





Learning & Reid’s Yellow Dent (Ear or shelled).

Satisf‘n guaranteed or money ref‘d. E. C. DETMER,;Napoloon, 0.





1 THE MAMMOTH GRAPE





‘ Largest in the world. For description and Price

Write POE'S VINEYARD. Kenton, Ohio.





 





 





 





BBOSIUB Tlflin. Ohio: ‘





Can Your Own Fruit and'





Keep profits ’73:“ home.





vegetables' We'll show how.

rICANNERS' SUPPLY 00.. DETROIT.o MICI'I.





EACH TREES-Orchard size. 4 undo can. each.

Elbertn. etc. Write for free catalog. Woodbine

N unerles. W. A. ALLEN a SON. Geneva. Ohio.





MILLIONS OF TREES.





HTS. WINES. ROSES. ETC.

The 01111;“, largest and most complete nursery In

Michigan. Semi for catalog. Prices reasonable.

Agents wanted. I. E. ILGENFRITZ SONS 00.,

The MONROE NURSERY. Monroe. Michigan.





FHUII THEE nMIOHIGAfNr Gila)!!!"

GAN p L A N 'r E onlo-

Heclthy. finely rooted.





Direct to you at great money-saving prices. Catn-

log and Price List FREE. Write to-day.

out!" CITY uunIlmIs. KALAMAzoo. mcn.





. i A l .'5 : Ch .

PEACH TREES sol Doe I: erry





12c. All k non of fruit trees and

plantaflet can. EBNST’S NURSEBIES. Moscow.0.





OAT Sensation: Grout yieldcr. (Walsh ‘0





 





 





 





 





 





 





differ somewhat from the so-callod butter

head varieties, their leaves being always

crisp or brittle and of mild flavor. Han-

son and Denver Market are well—known

varieties. Finest of all is Iceberg, which

produces well blanched heads of good

size in the hottest weather. Brittle Ice

grows as large as New York or W'omlcr-

ful and is even finer in appearance, be-

ing lighter green and cooler looking. 0f

the butter-heads California Cream-Button

is splendid for open ground in cool;

weather, while Burpee‘s Butter-head is

best in the summer months. 1



Wayne Co. J. E. MORSE. 1‘





The quince is generally the recipient

of much abuse It gets the slops from

the kitchen, which sours the. soil, 111b-

bish is thrown .nound its base and into,

the top. There is no pruning, no spray-3

mg, no cultivation, as the tree or bush

is believed to do its best under such

treatment. But that is not true, for the

tree does well in spite of the neglect.

Just try acting civil toward it. You Will

appreciate the quince more when it has

a chance to do its best.





 





Artichokes.



Inquiries have come to hand for arti-

chokes for seed purposes. Am one hav—

ing them would do well to advertise ml

the Michigan Farmer.





in H! s-x-o-o T





' and in powdered iorm. Ask your dealer or address





11).. pct bushel) . Also Seed Corn. Poto-

cnd cot-log free.





tool, Alfalfa and Clover Seed. Sample-

SEBD CORN—Reid's Yellow Dent. Imp. Early





 





THEO. BURT a SONS, Holroue. Ohio.

Lenmlng and Wh. Ca Yellow Dent. 81. 50 bu.

Sample free. THEO. B RT dz SONS, Melrose, 0.





EARLY HIGH-WELDING SEED CORN





Reid's Yellow Dent, Early Yellow Dent and Sil-

ver Klng- made 93 to 100 bushels per acre. Ship



on approval. Write for special prices delivered at

your station. L C. BroWn, Corn Spo’at, Ls Grunge. 0k. 00., III





SEED OAT





other kinds 10 to 20 bu.

free. J. C. BU





 





 





—Grest Russian variety. Silver

Plume, no smut or rust. out yields



er acre. 81 00 per bu, bags

LER, Portland, Mich.





 





We are extensive growers and





‘ l .—

1 Onlon SEMI dealers in all the prominent var-





Ieties. Write us. Bchilder Bros., Chlllicothe, Ohio.





When In lined of FERTILIZER,” "“8“" Blackmail





The JAMES BOLAND FERTILIZERd CO. ,Jsckson,

Ml ch. Office 105 E. Pearl St. Both Phones No. 69.





DAHLIAS 20 kinds (my selection) $1.00.

0 Satisfaction Gunrantecd. Writ.



for full particulars. H. BURT. Tnunton, Mass.

with $10 collection. LOW PRICES-



"In" Free booklet tells all about it.



PUREE GOLD PEACH. best and hurdle-t yellow—frog!

HARDY NURSERY srocx ggfigggggugggm

Complete out. Penn. Nurlery Co. ,Box 111, Shermansville, Po.

SEED CORN! mama”...

ble Firm, Originators



and Growers of the Famous Leamlng Corn 1.8

Learning dz Sons, R. F.D .No. 2, Waynesvlile, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





Destroys Scab on P0-

tatoes non- poisonous





PAY'S B- K- A-B 8- K— 0-0 —T (30., Detroit. Mich.





kWHEN writing to advertisers just say ”Saw

vour ad. in the Michigan Farmer. "
1



.i'



1

t





346 (383





MID-WINTER MEETING OF' STATE

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. -





 





(Continued from last week).



Secretary Bassett reported the annual

meeting of the New York Society. The

dependance of the New York rural people

upon the fruit business makes the so-

cieties there of more interest than is

observed in the more general farming

states. In spite of the fact that it was

necessary for each person who attended

the session to pay two dollars at the door

before entering there was an average of

500 at the different periods. The meeting

was held in the center of the great apple

district of that state and every speaker

on the floor was questioned very thoroly

before he was allowed to retire——the in-

quisitive element in an audience being

an indicator of the experience of the

members making it up. The conditions

of New York state are like those of

Michigan and it is noticed that they look

to the experience gained here with quite

as much interest as in their own state

and as we do to their work. The exhibit

was made largely by the Geneva experi-

ment station. It attempted a comparison

of the fruits of the north and south and

of the east and west. The comparison

made a splendid study and impressed

lessons upon all who saw the display.

Michigan fruit exhibited by Secretary

Bassett was greatly admired by the

growers and judges there. The exhibit

also presented fruit from orchards that

had been cared for after the sod-mulch

method and those given thoro cultiva-

tion. It was demonstrated that the for-

mer gave higher color and ripened the

fruit earlier but that cultivation appeared

to favor larger size and keeping quality.

The exhibit of spraying machinery was

large and many Michigan companies

were there with their Sprayers and other

orchard apparatus. There was more

complaint from the use of arsenate of

lead than had been made the previous

year, yet there was better satisfaction

from its use than from that of Paris

green. It was said after much specula-

tion and investigation that all New York

wants to make her place secure against

competition from the west is better pack—

ing. The work of Prof. lledrick, a for—

mer Michigan boy and graduate from

our own agricultural college, where he

afterwards taught for a number of years,

is being highly commcnded by the fra-

ternity of fruit growers of the Empire

state. 'lis work, with that of Prof.

Bailey, of Cornell, who is also an hon-

ored Michigan product, indebts New York

fruitmen to the \Volyerine state and their

appreciation of this fact is shown when-

ever they have the opportunity.

Concentrated Lye as a Remedy for Apple



Scab.



Under certain conditions trouble is ex-

perienced in controlling the apple scab

with Bordeaux. Mr. \Vildcr, of Lapeer

county, has such conditions in his or-

chards and he began using concentrated

lye with very good results. He has ap-

plied it for three seasons and finds that

it is more than fulfilling every expecta-

tion. The, mixture is made by adding a

pound of lye to eight gallons of water.

At first the spray was compounded by

using one to ten but the stronger mixture

is now used. The applications are made

when the. trees are dormant just before

the buds swdl. (.‘austic potash in the

crystal form was the kind of chemical

used. Besides (‘ontrol‘infs’ the apple scab

the spray was very effective in cleaning

up the trees. After a spraying Hunks

and branches that apptarrd to how little

life and vigor would become ll‘iSll :lough

off the old bark and take on an appear-

ance of tliriftiness. ’l‘he treaimv-nt is

also used to control the canlur Worm

and statements weic made to the Offlct

that the eggs of the tent caterzpill 1r “(1‘0

destioycd by its use. Since the use of

the spray there has been no trouble with

the leaf curl.



General Discussion.



In reply to the question as to how

grapes should be pruned, Mr. Munson

stated that the system followed bv them

was to train upon two horizontal wires.

one about three feet from the ground and

the other two feet directly above the

first. The vine, was allowed to develop

but one cane from the root which was

permitted to grow an arm each way on

each of the wires. Every year the arms

are pruned back to as near the main

cane as possible. He is operating upon

strong clay loam soil. Does no summer

pruning. Mr. Munson proceeded to say

with regards to keeping grapes that they

had not been successful in their attempts

to keep the fruit till the holidays. It

was suggested that by growing the





THE MICHIGAN FAIQMER





bunches in bags which afterwards are

gathered with the bunches and stored

away in a. place of the proper tempgra-

ture that the fruit can be enjoyed at hol-

iday time. ‘



In response to the question as to what

rent one ought to receive for old run-

down orchards, Mr. Farrand said that

the amount would depend upon the con-

dition of the trees. If they were well

located as to market and for the best

interests of the trees and the developing

fruit, and, if the varieties were the kind

that the market demanded, one should

receive around fifty cents per tree, While

if the conditions were otherwise it could

not be expected that a renter would be

safe in offering more than twenty-five

cents for each healthy tree. As to the

time for plowing up an old orchard sod,

Mr. Farrand would plow in the fall, not

only for the convenience but because he

thinks the benefit coming to the soil frfom

the freezing and thawing would be val-

uable in getting it into good condition

for surface manipulation. Good results

however, fellow spring plowing.



The question of transportation was

briefly discussed by Mr. Hutchins. The

discrimination made against the fruit

grower was impressed when rates for

fruit and other products were compared.

The only way in 'which the railroad men

can be impressed with the claims of the

fruit men is to go to them as organiza-

tions. They will then give the growers

a hearing. If the matter is left to indi—

vidual effort nothing will ever result. By

co-operation proper pressure can be brot

to bring about justice in the making of

rates for all classes of goods carried.





Essentials in a Hand or Power Spray.





Outfit.



This topic was handled by T. A. For-

rand. One thing has been noticeable

since it became apparent that spraying

was becoming necessary in order to raise

fruit successfully, and that is enthus-

iasm. The prospects for good results

have been so good that there has been





 





a sort of stimulus to great effort and from .





the beginning with crude spraying out-

fits, up to the modern and more perfect

machines, fruit growers have taken hold

with a zest rarely found in other kinds

of business.



Whether the machine be for hand or

for power it should have the desirable.

characteristic of being simple in con-

struction. It will save much trouble as

there will not be so many parts to get

out of order. Another essential is





strength and durability, as one does not

desire to be constantly repairing the'





machine in order to keep along with the

Work. “'hen repairs are needed they

should be easily obtained. The import—

ant thing should be kept in mind, that

of doing good work. Do not undertake

to do a job until the machine is in per-

fect condition, and you comprehend the

plan of the machine, can detect the sound

that indicates that something is wrong,

if it is wrong, and can properly adjust

all the parts if difficulties arise. A

coarse spray is too expensive; learn to

make a fine one as it is cheaper and

more effective.





At present most of the outfits are"





heavy and hard on the team to haul

around, especially early in the spring

when the ground is soft. It is believed

that they will be improved and be made

lighter and still be effective and durable.

All the different powers are good, but

the gasoline engine seems to giye the

ln-st satisfaction. With any of them a





good agitator is 111w :zry



in using an engim be sure to have

a sufficient amount of llfvf-f‘? to elixildce the,

operator to do good work. lie sure to

be Hid:- to spray into the tree from all

dirr'clions‘, sidexn'uys, dowrnuwd and up-





ward. To do a good job means work,

and if one is not willing to woik they

better not take up spraying.



Nozzles.w~'l‘herc are a grmt many dif-

ferent kinds of nozzles, and in sch-cling

be sure that you can readily change iioin

a round stream to :1 fan shape and lll‘t‘jn

to a line, dcwv spra\. I{(‘(D :1. var

on hand to enable you to have at hjmd

just siuh as are required to do well the

job in hand.



The “hole outfit should have the best

oi care in order to be able to keep it in)

peifcct condition.



In 01d11 to get all of the water out of!

the gasoline, strain it thru a chamois

skin.



Essentials in Successful Spraying.





Prof. L. R. Taft, in dealing with this

topic, said at the present time there is

but little that is new to offer, but some

suggestions may benefit some men that

are beginners in the business.

we spray we should have in mind the





u





   

 

 

 





“/4"





.4





Insurance.

Against Cut

Worms, and





 

 

 





that _too often spoil your stand of

corn, even when your seed is first class

and cultivation thorough, is easily secured

by using an adequate amount of





l KAINIT





They can’t stand it and will clear out in a. hurry if you drill

100 lbs. to the, acre when seeding, broadcasting your other

fertilizer after plowing or' before harrowing.





Valuable literature, FREE, on firtzlz’zz‘ng and protecting CORN and all other an”.





GERnAN 'KALI WORKS. nonadnock Block, Chicago

NEW YORK—93 Nassau Street ATLANTA—1224 Candler Building





 





 





 





Grasslewing

‘l [adh-





Farming





is the science of getting as big crops

from long used fields, as our early farmers

got from their new lands. .





. Nitrate of Soda





is the mainstay of every practical farmer. It is a. wonderful

plant-food for all crops.





OUR FREE BOOKS





cover the whole subject of Nitrate of Soda fertilizing and

show how to get larger yields at low cost. Send

for books on the crops in which you are





 





1 " . interested and make men money.





Wm. S. Myers. Director

‘ . John St. and 7| Nassau

New York





‘ \ \ \\

\ c \\

, . §§\\\\\\s\\\\\ .,





\\~\\§§ \ 1“,





 





 





bought In 1909. Write todayE for full partic-

ulars, and ask for our FREE PER ADER

BO’lK. which proves that the Applseton Manure

Spreader is as strong as steel and oak can make

, It; so simple that any boy who can drive a team

‘Acan run it as well as any man. and so effectlve

‘ in operation that it never bunches the manure.

but pulverizes thoroughly and distributes evenly

from the beginning to the end of the load.





APPLETON MFG. CO.

20 Fargo St. Batuviu, "1.. U. S. A.





t 11 f 11 1' ° °

AGENTS WAN TE Tremaine“ Fertilizers

We offer the best goods for the lowest prices and most reasonable terms.





We also sell NITRATE 0F SODA, SULPHATE and MURIATE of POTASH.

ACID PHOSPHATE. AGRICULTURAL LIME.





W2)“ Write for Prices and Terms.“





THE BUFFALO FERTILIZER 60., Ste. A, BUFFALO, N. Y.





 





 





 





Fertilizers Thai Give Results





WE WANT A" AGENT For our Fonlllzar In every





nolghborhood In Mlchlgun.

We will ship to responsible partie- on a consignment contract; that is, the

agent only pays for what he sells. We will take farmers’ notes for pay.





Our prices are right, our goods are extra. Write for prices and terms.





THE GIHIHHNATI PHOSPHATE 00., Station P, Cincinnali, Ohio.





fheerin’s Trees Made Dansville Famous

*g°1‘.l::r;1.§:rr.;::12.“ 6, 000,000 EFruiNtT Bearing Trees





 





Alone. Buy direct at wholesale and aave’a .Becure varieties now





33%? Egr'i‘iislifi‘é'a‘l‘.‘ SHEEHII’ SWHOLESAEEER HURSEHIES, fllnsvilledl. l.





RATEKIN’ S IOU BU. OATS





R’utekin s Blz'Banner 100 Bu. White Oats—The biggest, prettiest, .plumpelt out in exists:

=RBide by side with common sorts they yield 100 bushels per acre where other sorts make but 25 to

bushels. Strong, stlfi‘ straw; sprangled heads; ripens early; never rusts. .blightss or lodges. There

is none like them. and when our stock is exhausted there is no more tones-mp1” Hailed





When Free. Also our Big Illustrated Catalog of farm, field, grass and garden seeds. A postal Card will





bring them to your door. Address

RATEKEIN’S SEED HOUSE. Shenandoah. Iowa.





Root Lice -.
i . . . 1

The Beat feeding



Barley Grown

No BARLEY has proved so





valuable to the stock raiser

as the White Hull less. No





 

 

 





 

 

   

 

 





l

ushels to the age. As a 3{seed for

horses, cattle, hafs vault and all.

kinds of stock it especimy desir-





 

 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





able. Makes fine ha and does not

led e. Price: 11311.. 511-2311. .80:

10 "Mime. “Y ' .32





 

 

 

 





25th Anniversary Catalogue

. Pronounced to be the most inform-

ing and complete, as well as the most

hand-some seed catalogue ever pub. .ished

in America. It offers a complete assort-

ment of the e we wort ~n§ro



Grass Bead over Seed. Alfalfa eed Poi

“toes sWheat, Barley, etc. : V'ege-

table éegds. ower Seeds, Seed Corn. Gar- ’

den 'll‘ools etc. Every one of the 152 pages

is ad wit h information valuableto eed

pin :ters No farm on is so “large

or so small thatt this book will not assist

to greats t is ex musive and

rannot her d stributed indisc

..nately, but we will send it free

10 those who wish to buy genu-

ine. high—grade seeds.





Northrup, King & C0,]

Seedsmen

186 Bridge 51]., Minneapofis, Minn.





 

 

 





 





r





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





:13





 

 





 





 

   

 





 





 





See Seizer’ scataloz pass 129.

largest growers of seed barley, oats. wheat,

speltz. corn, potatoes grasses, clover: and farm





seeds in the world. Big catalog free: or, send

10° in stamps and receive samples of barley

siding 173 bu. per acre, Billion Dollar





toss. Oats, Speltz, etc" easily worth $10. 00

of any man’ s moneyto getastart. Or, send M1 4:

and we add a. befsample term seed novelty never

seen by‘yoube



. 'rn “szlfle eIln co.. Loci-enquire.





POTATOES PAY





Make them pay by using the machines that

really do the work—

B'T, PLANT.

SPRAY,

one and

8081'





There's nothing in

potato machinery





't ,

XSE’INWALL EQUIPMENT





Write for copy of our free book telling how

to make money. growrng potatoes.





ASPINWALL ”F6. 00-

439 Sabin St, Jackson, Hieh.,U.S-A.

Pioneer Makers of Paulo Machinery





MAKE A ervm lAWN





from our hardy grass seed. Pull detailed direc-

tions are given in our new catalog. It's illus-

trated with good cuts. Easy to follow cultural

directions appear under each heading. Gives

prices on garden and flower seeds. Send for

catalog H and make up your list while you

have leisure. It’s free and better than most.





SHERMAN & EBERLE, Albany. ILY.





 





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





330"“:- STRAWBEBBIES





F r e s h dug, high-grade

plants. Valuable informa-

tion about varieties. Cat-

alog FREE.





The Hmbsrgil a. Potter 00.

lo: I 3 Leslie. Mich.





FARM suns





We are Recleaners and dealers in Bed. Alsike.

Alfalfa, Crimson and White Clovers: also Tim.

othy, Barley. Seed Oats and Corn and a full line

of Farm and Garden Seeds. Write for price list

and catalogue mailed free.



The iieury Phllrpps Seed and implement 00.,

ils-il7 St. Clair St., Toledo. Ohio.





Strong, Hardy. luo-year-old

1.933231%.99599





 





 

   

   





 

 

 

 





 





 





for lant around the house along fences, or in the

gar en. 6 also Offer flve three-yer"- old vineo for

$1. 00. Will bear year after planting. Our valuable





book how to plant, cultivate and prune,free with every



order. (mines are easily grown ands hould be 1n every



garden. 'l‘. 8. HUBBARD COMPANY, Grapevine Speelallsts.

Iotablisbed Mi Years. mnom





 





 





 





OF ALL KIND!

Before ordering elsewhere





and price list. .

FRUIT BOX 00..

Box 0, Berlin lleightai“.

Erie Oo. ..





Wholesale Prices.





Strawberry

Currant Rents. era heavy rooted Mel! mde

stock. 17 annual wholesale “and retail catalogues





 





after time,

at the flower shows,





who viewed them on our lawn.

profusencss of bloom is what we aim at

chiefly we choose the

since they bloom more freely.

choose the plants that are

grow stocky and branch out,

that can be trained into miniature trees.





enemies we are trying to destroy, We

will not succeed. There are enemies. to

the trees and enemies to the fruit. It

is necessary to under-stand them all.

Generally the fungous diseases are not

well understood.



There are two Classes of insects, the

ones that chew and those that are suck-

ers. For those that chew use poison, and

those that suck, one must use something

that kills by contact. For the fungi,

which are minute plants, use something

that will destroy the spores. The fungi—

cides spread over the surface where the

spores light, and when they come in

contact with it, they will not grow. Then

the necessary thing to do is to use the

right material at the right time and in

the right manner.



Begin in the spring before the blossom

buds open, and combine an insecticide

with a, fungicide, the Bordeaux, or copper

sulfate and lime, and the arsenate of

lead. In a week after the fruit is set go

over the trees again with the same mix-

ture._ If not sprayed then, the fungi will

attack the stem of the fruit and it will

fall prematurely. The insecticide should

be well spread to cover the limbs and

young apples, so as to get some of the

poison in to the cavity in the blossom

end of the apple before the calyx closes

so that the worm that hatches from the

egg laid by the coddling moth, will get

it and be destroyed, as he undertakes to

enter the apple at that point. After

the calyx has closed one cannot get poi-

son in the cavity.



Three weeks after the second spraying

spray again, reducing the strength of the

Bordeaux by using three pounds of the

copper sulfate, and use tWo pounds of

the arsenute of lead. As the coddling

moth lays the eggs on the apples, and

rm the leaves, it is necessary to be there

with the poison to destroy them as they

eat their way on the leaves and apples

toward the point where they attack and

enter the apples. Spray again in about

threelw'eeks with the sulfate somewhat

reduced.



As the coddling moth lays her eggs

again about the 20th of July, it is better

to spray again Soon after that time. An-

other brood may be looked for from about

the 10th to the 15th of August; it is best

to spray again at or near the middle of

that month. As the moth keeps up the

egg laying, it is necessary to keep the

leaves and apples protected all of the

time. In a. wet season it is more difficult

to save the fruit than in a dry one.



It. is not advisable to use the Bordeaux

too near the time of picking the fruit,

and six weeks before the fruit will be

ready to gather the spraying can be

stopped.



In preparing the Bordeaux give the

preference to the uuslacked lime. It

the hydrated limc is used, use a. greater

quantity, say seven or eight pounds to

the 50 gallons of water.



For the San Jose scale no better rem-

edy has yet been found than the lime and

sulphur mixture. By diluting this mix-

ture to one-fifth or sixth of its usual

strength, it can be used as a, fungicide

for plum and cherry rot.





 





BLOOMING PLANTS FOR SHADED

LAWNS.

BY PANSY VIOLA VINER.

After some experimenting we found

that there were a number of blooming

plants that did finely on a shaded lawn,





 





so we specialized on these with the most





satisfactory results. First we would

mention the fuchius with which we have

had wonderful success, and which, time

have taken the first prize

and which were

and admiration of all those

Since





the wonder





varieties

We also

inclined to

and those





single





Fuchsias Are’Easily Grown.





Fu-chsias are very easily propagated





by Cuttings, and by starting with a good

FRUIT PAGHHES healthy plant or two one can soon have



quite a. variety of plants suitable for

. bedding. Tin pans about four inches deep

‘ write us for our ““018“ are the best thing in which to start the

cuttings; a very good soil for this pur-

pose consi-sts of half sand, and the other

half composed of equal parts of well-de-

composed sod or

garden soil.

Grape and are what the name implise and are in-

tended to be cut off with a knife and not

broken off. The soil should be thoroly





leaf mold and good

Remember that “cuttings"





 





free. A. B. WESTON a 00.. B. l. Bridgman. Mich





 





I objects which we are striving for, and

. unless we understand the nature of the





saturated .with water when the slips are

first inserted in the soil, Water should

then be applied as needed, usually daily.

The cuttings will take from a. week to a

month to get well rooted according to

the amount of light and heart they receive

and the cutting itself. After the cut-

ting-s are well rooted pot in small pots





and put aside in a shady situation untllv





Slips start-

make nice bedding





ready for bedding purposes.

ed in August will





plants the next season, and those started.





in March will be ready for bedders about

May, but we prefer the older plants as





they will make 21 greater show in bloom.‘





(39‘1" 347





Can You Tell the Cause

of Your Trouble!





 





'Are you sometimes discouraged, and

think you'll never be any better?



Can you tell the cause of your trouble,

or what makes you sick?



Do you know that about nine-tenths of

all sickness is caused by kidney trouble?



Have you ever stopped to think that

your kidneys may be the cause of your

poor health?



Most people do not realize how much





1





Our finest bed was at the northwest cor- g work the kidneys are required to do every





ner of the house and the sun only

reached it for about an hour each dayl

toward evening.

of moistmc and the soil should not be'

allowed to get dry amund the bed; they

like a good rich soil, we usually put COW

manme under the soil which should have,

been dug out to the depth of at least.

one foot.’ 00 not use horse manure since

it is too heating. lVe use a. good garden

soil mixed with well-rotted sod, leaf mold

and cow or hog manure to spread on

top—half garden soil and one part sod

and leaf mold, and the other part manure

.is about the right proportions. Work

this well up together before putting in

the plants. Do not plant close together,

but give the plants plenty of room. A

single plant will make a fine effect on

the lawn, especially after it has gained

some size. It is nothing unusual with us

to have single plants bearing as high as

three 01' four hundrcd of‘the beautiful

pcndulous blossoms at a time. They are

also nice grown in lawn Vases or‘urns.

We find that fuchslas are best wintered

in a cool cellar unless the plants are

very young.

Begonias Require a Good Soil.



Geraniums are considered by most peo-

ple as the host bedding plants, but on a

shaded lawn the tuberous rooted begoniasl

take their place nicely, indeed they are

magnificent bcdders for shady lawns,

since they thrive much better in a shady

or half-shady location than in one of





day.

Every drop of blood in the body must





FUChSiaS require plenty, pass thru and be filtered by the kidneys





thousands of times a day.



How can they do their work well if

they are sick?



If your kidneys need treatment, Dr.

Kilmer’s Swamp-Root, the wonderful

kidney remedy, will prove to be just the

medicine you need. V



If you _will write to Dr. Kilmer & C0..

Binghamton, N. Y., every reader of this

paper, who has not already tried Swamp-

Root, the great Kidney, Liver and Blad—

der Remedy, may receive a. sample bottle

by mail, absolutely free. You can pur-

chase the regular fifty-cent and one-dol-

lar size bottles at all drug stores.





 





. 7/ HOT-BEDS

AND COLD FRAMES





The double layer of glass does it





 





Lets 1n the light always.



Never has to be covered or' uncovered, no

boards or mats needed. .



Retains the heat. excludes the cold:





 





sunshine. They are wonderfully profuse

bloomers, and their range of colors is

very wide, from ivory-white to flaming:





I

scarlet, thru shades of pink and 1‘0st





light and dark crimson, bronzy yellow and

orange. If they receive the proper treat—

ment they will bear blossoms as much as

from four and six inches across. They

like plenty of moisture, but should not be

kept too wet—or the stems might rot

off at the ground. A soil composed of.

one part well—decomposed sod, one part

leaf mold, and one part wcll- rotted m. l

nure just suits them. If the wcathm'

is dry they should be mulched frvqmullx "

with ,lawn- (lippings, leaves or fine mu—

nure. Begonias can bc sturtcd from

seed, but we find the bust plan is to 011-9

tain the root-s or plants from a reliable

florist—they can be bot by the dozwu at

a moderate rate. If the roots arm (1])—

tained they should be started in pots,"

and kept in them until ready to put ml

the ground, which should not be before;

June. The single varieties will prove;

the most satisfactory for bedding pur-l

poses.

Pansies are General Favorites.





Pnnsics have been improved so won-

derfully within the past few years that

they are now excelled by t'cw olhcr 10w

growing plants that produce blossoms;

they originally came from antary where

they have a cool, moist climate and a

rich, loamy soil; so we find that they

thrive best in a moist slmdy locationH

and do' not do any good in :1 hot, drvi

sunny one. They an- ut their best in‘

the spring and autumn since at these

seasons the soil is crmlcr 11nd moistcr.l

In raising pansies successfully a grout

dr-ul depends on the soil; tluy will do'

very well in a. light soil but it dli<s out

more quickly so we use :1 1:111141 110m y.

soil and keep it well iillml, enriching it

with well-rotted cow manure. “’0 spread

the manure heavily on the surface of the

bed, then work it well into the soil to

the depth of at least eight inches, and

a foot is none too docp. 111 dry, hot

weather the plants are mulchcd in the

same manner as the bcgonius. Pansicsi

are very cusily started from seed, and

plants desired for spring blooming Should

be started in August or September of‘

the year previous, or if wanted for full

blooming they should be pluntcd very

early in the spring in boxes. VVheu the

plants are large enough to handle easily

they should be transplanted to the beds

where they are to bloom the next spring.

Pansies are not perfectly hardy, so it

is best to protect them thru the winter

with several inches of leaves, or strawl

if the leaves are not obtainable. 9





Saves three-fourths of the labor and expense

and makes stronger and earlier plants than

singleglass sash. . g



Ask for cataloglK It tells all about it}





Address.





Sunlight Double- Glass Sash Co

sost-‘lodetreoo LOUlSVlLLE, KY.





 





 





 





   





IT PAYS ro SPRAY





The Iron Afge dorow Sprayer gives

eri‘ect satin etion. Puts solution



ust where needed and in fog- like

mist. Pump delivers spray under

high pressure. thus reaching every

pariot‘vine fifectufllykillingfl bugs

and preven lingbllght.





Orchard Spraying attach!-



mcnt. Write for free



cataloga illustrat-



otherh irond



Ago tools. i



/Q I If ‘ i

" ' V

‘ ll ,





Prevents Clogging

BATEMAN MFG. 00.. Box 104 S.





"N ”RS! FREE TRIAL





no; u advance—pa nine out

of extlrap ro its. Spraysanyt lug—trees,

tatoes, Vineyards, truck, etc. es ensy— high

pressure. Guaranteed 6 Yrs. Pay when you

can—at wholesale price. We pay . .

freight. Catalog and agree ying

_ “Gisd e tree. ofee /_-

‘ prayer '

filer toliirlst .

*Zln our oc1 t ~ .

ByI. Hurzt‘. ‘ ~ ~

' Mfg. Co. 171

North Street

0 tonO





AS» P6TATO SPRAYEQ' AS ORCllARD SDRAYER





Spray Your Fruii Trees

A N D V I N ES





Desuogethe fungi and worms

and thus sure of large yields of

perfect frm

Excelsior Spraying

uflts and

Prepared Mixtures

are used in large orchalds

and highly endorsed by suc-

cessful growers. Write for our

mone savin catalog g, which also

coma. us a f treatise on spraying

Fruit and Vegetable crops.

WM. STAIIL SPRAYER 00.,

Box lOS-P, Quincy, Iii.





PRAY Your Fruits. Crops.





Poultry Houses, and



do whitewashing with The

AY. Factory 71::



andA $1aranteed to satisfy. Fit with

Auto— op Nozzle does the work of three '

ordinary sprayers. Used by Experiment .'

Stations and 300,000 others. We make

manys ice and sizes. Spraying Guide

Free. rite for book, prices and Agency





0““ e.E C. Brown Co.

32 Jay Street, Rochester. N. Y.





   

   

 

 

 

 

   





”Iron Age

Four-Row

Sprayer





   

 





 





 

   





BIENLIJCH. N. J.





SPRAYER





   





 





   





   

 





     





   

   

   

   

 





 

   





 





 

 

 





 





 

   

   





\..
‘_ lam so confident that the Olds Engine is the mest economical and most





"durable engine you can buy that ‘I will make this proposition Lto every buyer of f

~an Olds Engine: ‘ ~





I agree to replace, free of charge any part of an Olds ’

. Engine that breaks or becomes worn,from any cause whatsoever,





 





within one year from date of shipment, provided the replace-

ment is one you think should be borne by the manufacturer.

You E33 t_o 135 the only judge. There is to be no argument, no

delay in returning old parts and getting new‘ ones; y0u decide

and l abide by your decision.





J. B. SEAGER, Gen’l Mgr.





Do you think this proposition could be made on any engine but a practically perfect

one? You ,can easily see that to stand this supreme test of durability and perfect work-

manship it must be built right, of the very best material, of the simplest construction.



. This is the kind of an engine you want. You take no chances in buying an Olds. All

of my representatives can furnish these repairs without any delay. They do not have to

consult me. Write to my nearest agent. He can fix you out with the best engine you

can buy, no matter what others cost.





0 - ‘3 Give you the power you

, need at the price you

LIDJS ENGINES can afford to pay for it.





They are the cheapest engines you can buys. Th? Olds Engines StOOd the govern-

buy—simple in construction, most economi- me’nt test .]_11§P_ E @532 V_V1_11_ 3131151 El other

cal to run, do not get out of order, easy to start 1325)};

winter or summer—~a ten-year-old boy can For thirty years we have made nothing

run the Olds Engine just as well as a man. but Olds Engines. We know the engine





 





 





-\





 





 





0U cannot afford. t3 £12 Without an

' i Olds Engine. The first cost is saved



so quickly in time, labor and money,

that no shrewd farmer should try to get

along without one. The daily cost of an

Olds Engine is so small it is hardly worth

While counting, compared with the work

it does.



There are not two farmers out of a

thousand who could not use an Olds Engine

with profit to themselves on their farms.

You know what can be done with an engine

on a. farm better than I. You know an

engine is needed on every good farm, but

probably the reason you have not one now

is because you have felt you could not afford

it, or had some idea an engine was a diffi-

cult thing to run, and an expensive thing to

keep in order, or perhaps you have had an

engine that did not give you satisfaction.

Not so with an Olds. m m. afford .13;

Thousands and thousands of successful

farmers have felt just as you do, but each

man owns an Olds Engine today, and now

he wonders how he ever got along without it.



Do you think the big successful men of

this country would be where they are today

if they had not kept up with the times?

They bought the things they needed to in-

crease their earning power. A successful

man can always find a way to pay for a.

necessity in his business.



1 guarantee em Ol_ds Engine that

leaves the factory to be in perfect running

order. I do not spend much time in the

office. I am out in the shop with my coat





Thousands of farmers have found out

the superiority of the Olds overall other

engines. The United States Government

must have found it out also because they buy

Olds Engines for their military institutions,

forestry and irrigation departments. Uncle

Sam thoroughly investigates everything he





business just as you know your sitting room.

Our business has steadily increased during

that time. What made it? Why, because

the Olds Engine did just What we claimed

for it—every user was satisfied and knew he

had got more than his money’s worth, and

he told someone-else about it.





By

men,





"Best





oft? watching every detail.





actually done, I know the engine you get is

all right, and that the high Olds standard

is maintained. I also know the engine is





the testing and inspecting myself. They are





keeping right out among the work-

seeing that all the little things are





by every test,” because I look after





Some of the Features of the Olds Engine.





Olds Patent Seager Mixer Removable Valve Mechanism. Removable Water Jacket.





The only one that makes a perfect mixturc of gas . . . .



. . ‘ S ark I nition. Piston and c linder round to

and air, giving the greatest power. N0 pump to leak Jump P g . . y g

or get out of order—~no moving parts. a perfect fit, givmg better compressmn and more power. '





Simplicity, three separate inspections, durability, economy and certainty of operation.

Our catalogue cxplains these points in detail. ‘





Olds Engines are of the highest efliltlacincy at the very 10west

rice because we can produce t em wit out wasting a penny’s .

Iworth of labor. ,There is a machine for every operation, and each The Olds Pneumatlc

piece, down to the smallest bolt or nut, is made of the very best

tested material at a cost that could not be lower without cutting

quality. Don’t be mislead by statements about “cheapness” in _

engines. Nobody can aiford to buy a poor engine at any price, SmpleJReliableandEconomical—

but there is a point where the highest quality can be had at the water for the farmhouse. Let us

lowest cost, and the Olds Engine,‘because of the factory in which know your requirements and we

it is made, and the workmen who make it, stand without a su-

perior in this respect. They are not slighted in places you can-

not see, or where only an expert can discover it, but thoroughly .

well built through and through, in a factory that is known the saint“-

world over as one of the most modernly equipped engine factor- tion guar-





 





 





ies that has been built.





That is why we give you a durable, simple, strong, high grade,





perfect-working, long lived engine at a low price.





 





the best you can buy, whether you pay less

or more than the Olds price.



Write me about your own particular case.

Let me advise with you. What I can tell

you will fit-yonr'case exactly. Then you can

decide what engine to buy.



J. B. SEAGER, Gen. Mgr.





 





 





v





 





Water System.





will quote

you prices.





 





anteed.





 





 





 





Do Not Think of Buying an Engine Without Investigating an, Olds.





Write Today for Our Handsome Catalog uc.





, . , .. 1, tth 1:? II. 1)., is ready to run when you get it. Fill it with

It contains many hnc picturcs 0f the “H ‘1 unsolinc, throw on the switch, turn the wheel, that’s





‘mOdGIS 0f Olds Engines With a detailed (“scrum“) “Mt all. No piping to connect. nothing to set up, always





()ur hoppcr jackct engine on skids or wheels, 3 to It is to your decided advantage to send





for our catalog.





Do it now before you forget it. A postal card





makes the engine question as plain to you as an opcn

book. It contains letters from farmers who lliIVC used

the Olds Engines, and they give their practical eyei'y

2 ' cx criencc with it. _



d” Oldps Engines are made in all sizes to suit every

kind of work on the farm. We have exactly the kind

of engine you want. Tell me what you want_to do

with it, and I will tell you just exactly tile.k1ll(l‘01

engine you want to buy to do the work. It Will be an

expert opinion that costs you nothing.





BOSTON, MASS.

Olds Gas Power Co.,

BINGHAMPTON, N. Y.

R. H. Deyo & Co.,

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Mallalieu & Conrey,





 





ready, can be, moved anywhere.



We also make regular engines 8 to 50 H. P. for

hcavicr work.



Evcry ()lds Engine is fitted with the Seagcr mixer

which is recognized as being tlic most effective mixer

that has cvcr bccii invented. No pump to leak, no

moving parts to got out of order. They also have a

removable water jacket so if through carelessness the





will do, but better still, write me a letter, telling

me what you want the engine to do, and you

will get a personal letter from me that will give

you the facts you want.





gjitgergreegg . J. B. SEAGER, Gen. Mgr.

representative. OLDS GAS POWER con





See addresses below.





watcr should freeze, but very little damage is done. Main Office and Factory—915 Seager St, Lansing, Mich.





NORFOLK, VA.

\Vallace Bros,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Olds Gas Power Co.,

OMAHA, NEB.



Olds Gas Power 00.,





BRANCHES OF THE OLDS GAS POWER CO.





KANSAS CITY, MO.

Olds Gas POWer 00.,





DALLAS, TEXAS





' Olds Gas Power 00.,





KEMPTON, PA. W

E. J. Bachman , , r-l.