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The Only Weekly/agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 

 





 





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'mlfl CXXXVII. No. 4. g

010 Number 3557.





v4





FARM NOTES. ’3;





Spraying Potatoes for Blight.





What is the cause of potato blight,

and is there a remedy? If so, will you

please answer through the next paper if





possible?

Kalamazoo Co. C. W. D.





The above is but one of several similar

inquiries recently received in regard to

potato blight. As has been often ex-

plained in our columns in previous years,

potato blight is a fungous disease which

attacks the potato plant, proving very

destructive under weather conditions

which are favorable to its development.

Its occasional wholesale damage or de-

struction to the crop is due to the fact

that the life cycle of the fungus is com-

pleted within four or five days, so that

wherever the disease is present in a. field

there are always plenty of spores so that

its general development is very rapid

when the weather conditions favor it.

Ortimes it may be present in a field

without being noticed until a spell of

muggy, cloudy or wet weather occurs,

with a comparatively even temperature

for several days, when whole fields are

often killed down within a week by the

general and rapid development of the dis-

ease. Humid, still weather, with a tem-





. perature of about 73 degrees is most fav- ,,

. .Otable for the development of the spores, '

figmenter the leaves through the stow





~«a'ta or breathing pores, or penetrate the

cell wall, where 'they grow and appropri-

ate’the nourishment’ which should go to

the plant, completing their life cycle and

bearing more spores within a. few days

as above noted. TVhen the temperature

is above 78 degrees or below 50 degrees

Fahrenheit, there is practically no ger-

mination of the spores, and when the

temperature is variable, as it is in a nor-

mal season, the development of the dis-

ease is retarded thereby. But occasion-

ally there will be a year when there will

be several days of cloudy, rainy weather

in August or September, during which

the conditions are constantly favorable

for the development of the disease, under

which circumstances the greatest damage

is done to the potato crop. For this rea-

son the weather conditions have a great

deal to do with the serious prevalence of

the disease, which doubtless accounts for

the fact that it does little damage most

seasons and almost none in others, while

in other years it is general and destruc-

tive, since there are doubtless enough

spores present at.all times to, infect prac.‘

iically every field when the conditions

are right for their development.



It has been thoroughly demonstrated

that while there is no remedy for this

disease, once it has attacked a plant, it

can be largely, if not entirely, prevented

by thorough spraying with Bordeaux

mixture. The theory is that by the

spreading of a thin film of the copper

compound over the surface of the leaves,

the entrance of the spores into the leaves

is either prevented or their vitality in-

jured. It will thus be seen that the de-

gree of'immunity secured will depend

upon the thoroughness and frequency of

the spraying. To be wholly immune the

spores must be prevented from gaining

access to the plants, as they will develop

once they gain an entrance into the leaves

or stems. Thus it is necessary to prac-

tically keep a coating of copper spread

over the plants at all times, which neces—

sitates frequent spraying to protect the

new growth. As a preventive measure

for the lateblight, which is the most de-

structive tothe late crop, the spraying

should be commenced when the plants are

.about six. inches high, which, with the

later planted fields will be ‘abOut the

first of August. .The spraying should be

repeated iii-from one to two weeks, ac-





DETROIT. MICH.. SATURDAY, JULY 22. 1911.





cording to weather conditions, until the

crop nears maturity. This will require

from three to six applications, and as

immunity is secured only through thor-

oughness, the work should be throughly

done if it is attempted at all.



A good many growers who are aware

of the ever impending danger of loss from

the ravages of this fungous pest, and who

are fully advised as to the protection

which may be secured by thorough spray—

ing, seem to think the price of immunity

is too high and prefer to take the chance

of loss from the diSease. It is, however,





a year like the present, at least, when

the early potato crop is a practical fail-

ure throughout the country and when the

average condition of the growing crop on

July 1 is the lowest for 22 years, there

should be no doubt in the mind of the

progressive potato grower that it will

pay to spray the late crop for the pre-

vention of late blight.



The strength of the solution usually

used for potatoes is six pounds of copper

sulphate to 50 gallons of water, with four

to six pounds of lime added to neutralize

the caustic effect of the chemical. For





 





 





 





Beans Growing on the Farmv of .Chas. B. Page, Emmet County, Mich.





a well'demonstrated fact that frequent

spraying with Bordeaux mixture has a

beneficial effect upon the potato plant,

and that this effect 'is sufficiently pro-

onunced to make the spraying a paying

proposition in any season When the tu—

bers bring a normal price, even though

the blight may not be troublesome. At

the Geneva experiment station in New

York, an accurate check has been kept

on 304 experiments made during the last

eight years on the experiment station

farm which shows an average gain in

yield through spraying of 45 bushels per

acre. Last season gave this theory a

severe test, since the blight was not very

prevalent and did not attack the crop

until late in the season where it occurred,

yet 16 out of the 19 tests reported in the

annual potato-spraying bulletin of the

station (No. 338) showed spraying to be

profitable through . the 'increased yields





secured. ‘ Thus it' would appear that, in'





convenience it is better to have the in-

gredients at hand in the form of stock

solutions. The copper sulphate may‘ be

dissolved in water by hanging it in the

top of a barrel of water in a burlap sack.

\Vater will dissolve about three pounds

of the coppcr sulphate to the gallon,

which makes what is termed a saturated

solution. The lime can be slakcd in a

barrel or other convenient vessel, and

will retain its caustic properties so long

as it is in a thick paste, and is not per-

mitted to dry out. Then. in making the

solution the stock solution can be meas—

ured out to get the proper amount for

filling the Spray barrel or tank. This

should be added to about half the quan-

tity of water needed. and the lime paste

should be diluted with the balance of

the water required and strained into the

spray barrel or tank and the whole well

mixed. It is important that sufficient

lime be added, and while an excess





 





 





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Farm: Home of E. H. Atwater, of Ganges Townshlpy, Allegan' County, Mich.





. Mr. Atwater writes. that he has-taken





the Michigan, Farmer continuously .since





1844, and that he can show a copy of the paper for every year since that date.





 





 





38!.” A YEAR.

82.75 FIVE YEARS.





of lime does no harm so far as the em-

ciency of the mixture is concerned, it is

apt to cause clogging of the spray noz-

zles. For this reason it is better to test

each batch of mixture to determine the

sufficiency of its lime content. A cheap

and efficient test may be always at hand

by purchasing ten cents’ worth of ferro-

cyanide of potassium (yellow prussiate of

potash) at the drug store. This should

be dissolved in water and the bottle in

which it is kept labelet “poison.” After

mixing up and thoroughly stirring a batch

of the mixture in the spray tank, dip out

a small sample and add to it a. drop or

two of the test mixture. If the mixture

is discolored where it is dropped in, add

more lime, if not the lime content is

sufficient, although it is always best to

be well on the side of safety. The writer

has for several years used a mixture of

this strength without harm to the pota-

toes. In recent years some experiments

have seemed to demonstrate that four

pounds of copper sulphate to 50 gallons of

water is sufficient, but here again it

would appear to be the part of wisdom to





keep on the safe. sidc by making the mix—

ture rich enough to give a maximum of

protection. .llmvcver, this will depend





somewhat upon the capacity of the spray-

er, and the amount of liquid which is

applied per acre.



As above noted, the application of Bor-

deaux mixture has uniformly increased

the yield where accurate checks have

been kept as compared with unsprayed

plots at the experiment stations. It is not

necessary at this time, to comment upon

the theory of this increase, since it is

interesting from a scientific standpoint

only, and theories are not needed where

demonstrated facts are at hand.





Early Blight of Potatoes.





Please advise in your columns if carly‘

potatoes which are badly blighted or

burned in the foliage, should be dug im—

mediately. \Vill any added harm come to

the tubers by leaving them in the ground

a week or two? So far as I have dug,

the blight seems to have come too late

to really spoil the crop.



Berrien Co. R. G. B.





\\'ithout doubt the trouble with these

potatoes is early blight, which is essen-

tially a leaf disease, and does not attack

the tubers directly and never causes them

to rot, as does the late blight above de-

scribed. This is also a. fungus disease

which appears earlier in the season than

the late blight, usually in June or July,

and it develops and spreads in warmer,

drier weather than the late blight. The

characteristic effect of the early blight is

the formation of circular brown spots

with target-like markings on the leaves.

As with the more destructive late blight,

the spores enter the plant through the

stomata or breathing pores of the plant,

but more often through tissue weakened

by flea beetles or other insect agents.

Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is also

effective against this disease, although

not as generally practiced as for late

blight since the disease is not so destruc—

tive in character. In ordinary seasons the

selection of vigorous varieties and the

giving of liberal fertilization and thorough

tillage to produce strong plants will fur-

nish a degree of immunity from this dis-

ease.



Since this disease does not attack the

tubers, causing rot, as does late blight,

there need be no fear of the potatoes being

damaged by a reasonable delay in dig-

ging them, although it is better to dig

soon after the tubers ripen. In this con-

nection, it would be well to observe that

while the late blight may attack the tu—

bers in the‘ grOund before digging, it is

[the opinion of scientists who have made

a thorough study of the proposition that

it is better not to dig potatoes affected

with late blight until ten days after the
58 , (2) .—





vines die, then get them out of the field

as soon as dug, and never covering piles

of the tubers with the spore-laden vines,

as is sometimes done. Where this course

is followed it will be possible to detect

most. of [the affected tubers when dug,

and there will be less danger of the gen-

eral infection of the sound stock.





PASTURES, CATCH CROPS, AND

COVER CROPS.



Editor “'aterbury, in his opening arti-

cle upon this subject in the issue of July

8, has so completely expressed my views

upon this important question, especially

of pastures, that it seems somewhat out

of place for me to atempt to write an

article upon this subject. I have advo-

cated some of these ideas so persistently

that he brings out perhaps more clearly

than I have, that nearly every reader of

the Michigan Farmer understands my

opinion about pastures. I do not believe

we can afford anything only a perma-

nent pasture, and this only upon land

that is in no condition for profitable till-

ing. For instance, land that is too rough

to plow, work, and raise crops upon is

good for nothing only permanent pas—

ture. New land that contains too many

stumps and only partially cleared land,

something of that sort can be used with

profit as a pasture. But fields that we

have tile drained, fields that we have

kept up to a maximum state of fertility,

I do not believe can be profitably used as

a pasture. I realize that the labor ques-

tion is getting to be a very important

one, and that this must be taken into

consideration in shaping the policy for

the amount of pasture upon our farms,

but even with the present status of the

labor problem, I do not believe we are

warranted in pasturing our work fields.

\Ve can raise so much more to the acre

and feed it with so much greater results,

where it is properly harvested and stored

in the barn, than we can possibly get

from the same acreage if devoted to pas-

ture that the labor question really sinks

into insignificance when we realize it.



Undoubtedly, in some other countries

and perhaps in some sections of our own

country the problem is a little bit differ-

end one. In England, for instance, which

hash} much more humid climate than we

have, and less sunshine, where they can-

not raise a magnificent corn plant, and

Where perhaps grass grows more natur-

ally and more luxuriantly, they are war-

ranted in depending more largely upon

the pastures than we are, but in our

states, where pastures dry up in July and

August and all growth is practically

stopped, it does not pay to keep a field

that will grow a good crop of corn or a

good crop of clover hay or alfalfa into

permanent pasture, because the first crop

we harvest is largely wasted and because

we cannot depend upon the pasture with

any degree of accuracy. Of course, I

know that where one is raising a large

amount of young stock it is almost im-

possible to keep them in the barns and

yards all the while. They can be turned

to pasture and one can always find some

corner of his farm that is not suitable

for tillage that he can properly fence and

keep for a permanent pasture so that he

can take care of his young stock in this

way without pasturing the best soil on

his farm. Of if he hasn’t it on his own

farm he can rent a pasture or he can

buy some waste land in the neighborhood

or nearby for a permanent pasture and

reserve the good land on his farm, the

level land, for the raising of crops and

thereby make more money than he can

by devoting them to pasture.



I am of the opinion that in the near

future we are going to take more pains

with our pastures than we have in the

past, even on our rough land and our

permanent pastures. We are going to

realize that manuring them in some way

or another is just as beneficial as it is

to manure the corn crop or the wheat

crop. Pastures run out, become exhaust-

ed, fail to yield anywhere near a maxi-

mum yield simply because we have tak-

en crop after crop, year after year, off

from these fields and put nothing back.

Last year the manure which we made

during the summer time, which, by the

way, is considerable. because we keep

our herd of 50 cows in the barn every

night, was put upon the horse pasture,

that is, upon all of the poorer places, of

course the low places that were inclined

to be wet and where some wild grasses

grew, we did not manure. But the high—

er portions of the field were top-dressed

during the summer with stable manure

directly from the barn. Now, it is won-

derful to notice the growth of pasture

grass upon this field this year. Judging





THE MICHIGAN FARM'ER.





from the appearance, the yield this year

is fully twice as much as it was last

year. This year we are putting the ma.-

nure on the poor places in th! cow pas-

ture. We won't be able to get over the

whole of the cow pasture because that is

a larger field, but we are going to put

it all through the summer upon the poor

places. It is pretty rough and hilly and

one has to go with a load of manure

over knolls and on side hills where he

would hardly think that he could go, but

you can get there if you try, and a good

coat of stable manure spread upon a

naked side~hill will cover it with green

grass next year. Our manure this sum-

mer is especially valuable for the im-

provement of worn out pastures because

we are using as an absorbent in the sta-

ble, as a trap for the nitrogen to prevent

its loss, quite a liberal supply of acid

phosphate. We are using in the cow

Stables, calf pens, and the horse stables,

about 50 lbs. of acid phosphate, 14 per

cent goods, every single day. Now this

all goes out onto the poor places in the

cow pasture and that, taken in connec-

tion with the stable manure, makes one

of the most valuable dressings that we

could have for cow pasture.



Several years ago on one bare clay

knoll in the permanent pasture, on land

that I had just purchased, I put quite a

good supply of bone meal and it was a

wonderful improvement that this dress-

ing of bone meal made upon this poor

place. It came into white clover and

red clover, and the June grass grew

much more luxuriantly and it was notice-

able to anyone. A liberal application of

phosphate fertilizer on a pasture will

bring in the clover to such a degree that

it will almost. astonish one.





Catch Crops.



Catch crops are crops that one used

to fill in a rotation when the regular

crops in the rotation, for one reason or

another, have been a failure. For in-

stance, if one's rotation is clover, corn,

oats, and wheat, and for any reason any

one of these crops have failed and we

substitute another crop, that crop would

be called a catch crop. This year I am

growing a crop of ensilage corn that is

a catch crop. The regular crop in the

rotation was oats, but owing to local

conditions I lost the oat crop, having the

seed rot in the ground, and I plowed it

up and planted it to ensilage corn. Many

times a farmer has to use his ingenuity

to get a catch crop that will fit in and

take the place of some crop that has

failed in the rotation.



Cover Crops.



Everybody realizes the importance of

cover crops. The necessity of keeping

the land covered with some growing

crop as much of the time as possible,

should be generally appreciated, and in

planning the rotation this question

should be taken into consideration, so as

to not leave any of the fields bare at any

time of the year, either winter or sum-

mer, where it can be prevented.



COLON C. LILLIE.





GROWING WHEAT IN MICHIGAN.





 





It must have surprised many of the

farmers of Michigan, when they read

in the commercial press some of the quo—

tations from an address delivered by

Lon. James Wilson, secretary of agricul-

ture, Washington, D. 0., when he was the

guest of the Board of Commerce in the

city of Detroit a short time since. He

was reported to have said: “The farm-

ers of Michigan ought not raise a bushel

of wheat; they might better buy their

wheat from the Canadian Northwest. It

would be better if they would turn their

attention to dairying and raising sugar

beets.”



That statement was made by a man

who assumes to know much of the agri-

cultural conditions in Michigan, when, in

fact, he either knows but little about the

real conditions, agriculturally, or he must

have been talking with political influences

in mind. It is well known that all con—

ditions on our farms are not adapted to

carrying on the dairy business; the loca-

tion and the character of the soil are not

such as would be necessary to make the

business remunerative. And again, all

farmers who are a success as general

farmers, have not the taste for, and are

not adapted to, the~dairy business.



As to the sugar beet business, all prac-

tical men are aware that it would be

extreme folly for all the farmers in the

great state of— Michigan to try to raise

them. Only certain classes of soils are

such as can be profitably used on which

to raise sugar beets. The business can

only be followed with profit in certain

locations, and that. too, where the right





 





 





kind of help can be available at the prop-

er time. A long haul to the shipping sta-

tion means an expense that will destroy

the profits.



If Secretary Wilson made the state-

ments the papers reported him to have

made, it was a bold piece of paternalism

which exceeded good judgment. It was

“volunteered advice” which was not

asked for. The farmers of Michigan un-

derstand conditions in the state, and

their own business, much better than does

Secretary Wilson.





The Wheat Crop a Necessity.



To take the wheat crop out of the

series of crops raised on the farms in

Michigan would be a calamity such as

would be very serious to endure. It is

one of the established necessities on a

very large percentage of the farms.



In the first place, the wheat crop is

one of the several money crops that are

raised on the farms. It is a crop that

will sell for the market price at any and

all times of the year. If it is nbt con-

venient or desirable to Sell it at one

time of the year, it can be safely held

until it can be disposed of to an advan-

tage to the raisers.



In the second place, the wheat crop is

one of the best, if not the best crop, with

which we can seed down the land to the

clovers and timothy. The conditions of

the ground in the spring of the year are

such that it is, in the majority of cases,

an easy matter to get a catch of clover.

Thc wheat plant is'not so leafy, while it

is growing in the spring and early sum-

mer, but that the clover can get sufficient

sunlight to thrive while young. The

wheat plants do not rob the soil of the

elemental plant foods that the clovers

and timothy require while young, as is the

case, to a great extent, with some other

crops. '



in the third place, the wheat fits in the

rotation of crops on the farm better than

some other crops. Whether the preceding

crop is beans, oats, barley, potatoes, grass

or corn, the wheat can be used in the

rotation with better success and with bet-

ter profit, than can any other crop.





In the fourth place, the wheat crop

furnishes a large amount of straw which

is almost indispensable as bedding for

the live stock kept on the farm. The

straw when used as bedding is an ex-

cellent absorbent of the liquid manure

and carries it to the fields where it can

be utilized by the crops during the suc-

ceeding years. The straw also aids in

keeping up the supply of humus in the

soil, an important necessity if the pro—

ductiveness of the soil is to be main-

tained.



On the whole, it will be a wiser plan

to stick to the old standard crop, wheat,

which has been a blessing to the farmers

of Michigan ever since the time when

they began to plant and raise crops for

food and for market. The politicians and

deluded theorists may frame statements

that seem to suit their individual de—

sires, and individual interests, but the

farmers should avoid being misled by

men, although occupying high positions,

who are either lacking good judgment, or

have private interests which they wish to

advance. it is the privilege, as well as

the duty, of the farmers of Michigan, to

act according to their own best judgment,

and if it seems best to raise wheat in

Michigan, do so.



Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.



.____‘____._____._

A BARRY COUNTY FARMER’S EX-

PERIENCE WITH ALFALFA.



Our experience with alfalfa began in

the early 90’s. The character of our soil

varies a great deal; it runs from a sand

loam to a heavy red clay and you will

find this mixture of soils in nearly every

field. Contrary to most reports that al-

falfa does best on sandy er sand loam

soils, it seems to find a natural home here

on these heavy red clay spots. Our land

is also quite rolling. '



The first piece we sowed consisted of

about 100 square rods of ground that lays

on the right side of the barnyard. It was

used for a garden for a number of years

and had been manured a number of

times, so it was very rich. The soil is

a good sand loam. -



This plot was sown in the spring with

oats, then they were cut green and cured

for hay. We had a fine catch; it looked

quite yellow the first year but after that

it grew fine and we cut as high as 58

large bunches of hay at one cutting on

this 100 square feet of ground. This piece

was left into alfalfa about 10 years, then

it was broken up and used as a garden

again until two years ago; then it was

reseeded and last year we turned 40 hogs





   

 





‘JULY 22. 1911. ;





(mostly spring pigs) into this same patch





of alfalfa, as soon as it got started in

good shape, and it gave them all the pas-

ture they would eat until about the first

of August. The next field we tried to

seed consisted .of 10 acres of land quite

rolling and situated at the back end of

the farm. This field was plowed early

and worked down in good shape and

seeded the first part of June. This came

up in nice shape but soon after we had a

very heavy rain that washed‘ the ground

very badly, but it came on fairly well and

we mowed it two years and then pastured

it until the June grass run it out.





We then tried to seed a field of 20

acres. This field was not quite as rolling

as the other one and the soil varied a.

good deal in character. It was plowed

early and worked until June and seeded.

a peck to the acre. We had a fine stand

here and it looked good when it went into

winter, but we had a very hard winter

with scarcely any snow and lots of ice,

so that we lost all of it except about five

acres on the west end of the field that

laid nearly level and was protected on

the west and north sides by woods. This

five acres did fairly well and cut quite a.

fair amount of bay for about five years,

then it was plowed up.



Neither of these two fields were inocu—

lated, nor was there any lime sown, and

while we got some hay the results were

not satisfactory except on the small plot

sown first, which was considerably richer

land than the other two.





But two years ago we started out to

seed 10 acres, determined to make a suc-

cess of it if possible, and the results were

quite favorable. This last field, the year

before it was sown to alfalfa, was a

good clover sod. It was heavily manured

and planted to corn and well tilled

throughout the season, then the next

spring was plowed early and worked un-

til June and then we put on 1,000 lbs. of

ground burnt lime to the acre and drag-

ged it in, then inoculated the ground with

soil from the first plot sown and seeded

it at the rate of 15 lbs. to the acre. We

would have had a perfect stand had it

not been for another heavy rain that

washed it quite badly. It went through

the winter all right but it did not seem

to do very well until about the first of

last September, when it began to get

black and would have easily cut a ton to

the acre in October, but we turned‘the

cattle into it and let them pick tho‘iops

off a little and left the rest on the ground

to hold the snow. This year it has done





fine. we have the first cutting in the

barn, it going nearly two tons to the

acre.





If we sow any more I think it would

be better to sow the lime in the form of

ground limestone and sow it the year

before the alfalfa is sown. Also, I think

on hilly land it would be better to sow

it as soon as the danger of frost is over

in the spring. Then it would have more

of a start before the heavy rains come,

and would also have a better root when

winter set in. I think that lime is the

most important factor towards“ success,

for we left a strip about a rod wide on

the west side of the field that was not

limed and you can see, to a plant, where

the lime came; it was small and yellow

and very thin where the lime. was not

sown. The alfalfa has started up fine

since these last rains, and looks like an-

other good cutting in only a few weeks.



Barry Co. B. H. BURTON.





 





When men mowed the grass with

scythes in 1860, spread and turned it over

for drying with pitchforks, when they

raked it into windrows with a hand rake.

cocked it with a pitchfork, and baled it

with a hand press, the labor time re-

quired per ton was 35% hours; but when

this method was superseded with a me-

chanical mower drawn by horses, a hay

tedder, and a hayrake and hay gatherer

and stacker, all drawn by horses, and a

press operated by aihorse, the labor time.

was reduced to eleven hours and thirty-

four minutes. Herein lies the strength

of the horse as an economic animal.



GREAT LAKES MAP.





 





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enclosed will bring it. Write now.

DETROIT & CLEVELAND NAVIGA-

TION CO., Detroit, Mich.





 





   





 





“‘2





I

f
3—3::





 





 





JULY 22.. 1911.





 





L





A HARNESS SHOULD FIT.





   





I YYYY





 





Can you think of anything more cruel

and perhaps unprofitable, than working a

horse in a bad-fitting harness? Now, let

us consider this subject for a moment

from the humane side. for no person

should be willfully cruel. A bad-fitting

harness always produces more or less

pain and annoyance to the animal. If

the horse suffers pain when working he

frets and consequently loses flesh. An-

other very important thing to consider

is the loss of service while sore shoulders,

backs and chafes are being healed. In

many cases it is impossible to heal collar

and saddle galls, without resting the

horse. A harness should be neither too

small or too large, for if too small it

pinches, chokes the circulation of blood

to and from the parts which usually re-

sults in congestion, followed by more or

less inflammation of the bruised part, but

if too large the harness shifts from place,

causing more or less friction.





Everyone of us wear shoes—none of us

have escaped having sore feet, and in

nearly all cases it is the result of wearing

too small or too large shoes, that were

not the shape of our feet. We seldom

find two horses that have the same shap-

ed, same size of neck and the same

formed shoulders, therefore it is unrea-





sonable to assume that one collar should .





fit several horses. Now, in selecting a

collar for a work horse, what is the com-

mon custom? Most people buy a harness

and attempt to fit it to their own horses,

instead of taking the horse to a collar

maker, having him measure the,horse’s

neck and examine his shoulders. VVhen-

ever a collar is too wide, the horse doing

hard work during hot weather, the shoul-

der is almost certain to be made sore.

The collar should be plenty long and it is

important that it fit the whole neck, es-

pecially the upper part, or it pinches and

makes a sore. The face of a collar should

be made so as to have a resting place on

the whole shoulder, therefore, if it is too

wide, it is sure to hurt the horse. 1

know of no investment that has brought

me ,as. good returns as money which I

have paid expert collar makers for their

work. Every work horse that is working

is earning money and he is entitled to a

good fitting collars The only way to pre-

vent sore shoulders in some horses is to

have a collar maker make a collar that

fits the horse. The size of horses’ necks

reduce very much when they are thin,

and enlarge considerable when they are

fleshy; therefore, the condition of the

horse should be considered when having

his neck fitted. It is true that by using

sweat pads of different thickness a conar

can be so adjusted to the neck, so that a

horse is made more comfortable, than if

wearing too large a collar. The sweat

pad .is very useful in assisting to make

the collar fit, but most farmers and team

owners have too few of them. The sweat

pad soon becomes filthy and unfit to wear

unless it is cleaned and dried daily, es-

pecially if the horse that wears it per-

spires much. I have found it a good plan

to dip dirty sweat pads in gasoline or

benzine, or wash them with soap and

water and hang them out in the sun.

Much can be done in the adjustment of

a collar to the neck by giving attention

to the hames, for if they are too wide

apart at top, or I might say, too wide

apart at bottom, a horse never works

comfortable. See that the hames fit the

collar if .the collar fits the horse. Bad

shaped hames very often spoil the horse’s

comfort. Now, a word regarding the sad-

dle, which is, of course, of less import-

ance than the collar; however, there are

so many different shaped backs, that it

is absolutely necessary to have a nice

fitting saddle, and I am sorry to say that

few teamsters give this matter much

thought when selecting a harness. The

result is, if the saddle does not fit the

hack and the harness is heavy, it is al-

most certain to cause soreness, if not a

wound. The center of a saddle should

stand away from the center or ridge of

back. It is also important to tighten the

belly girth fairly snug to hold saddle

from' moving too much. I find that it is

also important to have a nice fitting

crupper if one is used on a harness at

all. If crupper is too small and not well

made, the horse heavy-headed and check

fastened to saddle, the tail is usually

made sore, but if the crupper be large

and smooth the tall seldom gets sore. The

parts of a. harness that come in contact





 





lVE' ‘sTocK g





 





 





 





 





 





of it.





 





 





 





 





 





 





The





Get out of the soil all that it can bear.

bushel raised in excess of the usual production means

that much gained, and gives you a great advantage



'over those who do not feed their crops.





We want agents for unoccupied territory.

particulars.





 





“ BIG " Wheat





T is as easy to grow big money-making crops of

big wheat as it is to grow ordinary crops of small

spindling wheat that never pay anybody any

profit.



vation.





It costs no more for seed, planting or culti-

A little good fertilizer makes the difference.





FERTlLlZE AND MAKE MONEY





 





Every





A. A. C. FERTILIZERS





contain the right kind of plant food for wheat and plenty





We have spent fifty years and a great deal of





money finding out how to do this, and you get the

benefit of our knowledge free with every purchase of

our fertilizer.





We stand for everything we claim for our Fertilizers. Our





guarantee means that our Fertilizers are the best that skill,

experience and capital can produce.





While the supply lasts, we will furnish this season A Banner

Dissolved Bone, fine ground and perfectly dry, guaranteed to analyze

not less than 34% Available Phosphoric Acid.

analysis is about 36% Available. This Fertilizer is produced entirely

from high grade animal bone, and is considered to be the best form

of Phosphoric Acid for fertilizing wheat.





The actual





Write us at once for





American Agricultural Chemical Company





Largest manufacturers ofihigl: grade Fertilizers in the world. Our factories never shut down





 





Detroit Sales Department, DETROIT, MlCH.





 





GUNUHETE IN THE COUNTRY.





A book of 114 pages, fully illustrated, showing how

to use cement on the farm. furnished free on up li~

cation by PENINSULAR PORTLAND CEMENT (lb.

Jackson, M1ch.,Manufacturers of High-grade Cement:





SEED WHEAT





GYPSY WHEAT. Splendid standard variety





&)roven by Ohio Experiment Station, test running i





years. to be the hi heat yielder of any variet i

the state. “8 can please you if you are lookin yfoli-





good seed. Write today. Our catalog No. 43, ’ ow

l





to Grow Alfalfa," will be mailed free.





WING SEED 00.. Box 543, Mechanicsburg. Ohio- ,





CHOICE SEED WHEAT.





G (:30?i and Mealy varieties.



oen w ea 5 a. wonderfully hardy, d ‘ '



wheat; stiff! straw, bearded, and one ogrghgchgs‘l: rifl‘l



around wheats I ever grew.



vaIi-Iigtfi'y “il'éeiilt is alsota reduwhgathbut it. is the bald

_. RB. mos exce en ' t '



ground. COLON O. LILLIE. Beggarggirll‘grlidizlhc.h





Attachment with Corn Harvester

cuts and throws in piles on harvester

or \Vinrows. Man and horse cuts and





shocks equal with a Corn Binder. : ‘





_ Sold in every state. Price 20 With

Binder Attachment. ‘ S. C. MONTGOMERY, (ff Texa-

inc, Tex.. writes:—' The harvester has proven all you claim

for it. With the assistance of one man out snd bound over

100 acres of Corn, Ksflir Corn and Maize last ear." Testi-

monials and catalog free, showin pic ures of her-



vester. NEW PRO EBB MFG. O .. Saline. Kan

U. S. Gov’t as





E‘OND m...





Postal Savings Bank Deposits





Accepted by





are the only class we ofier. Instead of the 2 f the .





£322.“; their tit: 41/2% to 434%





“WAN. ENSILAGE cum





SAVES TIME, MONEY, LABOR:





I l

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Cuts cleaner and fasten—runs easier—saves power. Can’t clog ,. .

or Choke up. Force feed type—-—handles biggest bundle with ' '

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of hardest use without a cent for repairs. Saves you money

on first cost and all costs. ‘

Steel enclosed carrier reduces running expense, fills

silo quicker, prevents feed blowing away. Has extra strong

frame, large feed rolls, safety fly wheel, adjustable knives.

can be stopped instantly.





7,? Don’t Buy Before You‘Get Our Book





l / ,





   





 

   

 





   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





FREE

BOOK

COUPON





 





 

 

 





Showing all sizes of cutters, from a hand power cutter up, THE S

, y and the improved Freeman carriers and blowers which .. FREEMAN 8;

, are acknowledged the world s best. Iimd out all about \~ _' ’ SONS COMPANY





 

   

 





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‘ the Freeman line before you buy. We guarantee to

, ‘ save you money. Write today for our free book on eh-

i ,





silage machinery. Use the coupon. Mail it now.





THE s. FREEMAN & SONS co. ,«.~

212 Michigan St. ///

RACINE. WISCONSIN \





I 212 Michigan Street

’ RACINE, WISCONSIN I



I Send me at once, post-



] age prepaid, full infor-

mation about Freeman I

Ensilage Machinery and I





   

 





 

   

   

 





 





 





 





’ name of nearest dealer.

I I

, I

’ Name I

l

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Address I

, I

. \ Vt; I

\._ ----_--------------‘





 





Write/or FREE Circular.

New First Nst’l Bonk. Dent. 2.1 Columbus, 0.





i

1 When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer
.. .‘mf‘ -





60 (4)





with the body of horse, such as the

crown piece of bridle, traces, back strap

and breeching, should be smooth or else

they chafe and make the skin sore. -Ev-

ery farmer and team owner should own

at least as ma y horse collars as he does

work horses. The collars and saddles

should be kept clean and the harness

oiled occasionally. Never work a well

horse in the harness that came off one

which had skin disease, sore back or

shoulders. then selecting a harness for

your horse, remember a nice fitting one

costs exactly the same as one that fits

poorly.



In conclusion, let me again urge upon

you the importance of giving close atten-

tion to the proper fitting of harnesses, for

if you do, I am sure it will pay, besides

being a great comfort to your horses.



W. C. FAIR, V. S.





FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.





 





 





Rye as a Hog Feed.





My neighbor, many years my senior,

advises me that .rye fed to hogs deranges

their digestion and makes them incapable

of properly digesting corn when that feed

comes on. I am anxious to learn from

the experience of others.



Gratiot Co. R. B. C.





In the writer’s opinion, the question of

whether it is profitable to feed rye to

hogs is a purely economic one, depending

upon the relative price of the two grains

101' its correct solution. In many official

tests made to determine the relative

feeding value of the two grains it- has

been clearly demonstrated that rye is

nearly equal to' corn in feeding value for

pigs, being comparable to barley in this

respect. The writer has fed large quan—

tities of rye to hogs, and has never noted

any of the deleterious effects mentioned

in the inquiry. It is true that rye is not

a very desirable feed when it is fed

alone, on account of the sticky nature of

the slop made from the ground grain,

but it is not an economical method of

feeding either corn or rye to make it the

exclusive grain in the ration, unless it is

fed in connection with skim-milk to bal-

ance up its content of nutrients. \Vhen

fed as the principal factor in the ration

with other feeds to balance it up, it will

be found a very satisfactory hog feed.

ttf'rmay also be fed alone with as great

safety, but with like poor economy, as

corn when the bogs have plenty of suc-

culent pasture, but it is more constipat-

ing than corn when fed alone as the ex-

clusive grain ration to pigs confined in

a small pen or yard Without any green

feed. However, since pigs should never

be fed in this manner or under these con-

ditions for any considerable period this

is not important in the consideration of

the adaptability of rye as a hog feed.

\V'henever rye is cheaper than corn it

will pay to utilize it for this purpose in

combination with other feeds, making it

the basic factor in the ration the same

as corn is made when that is the cheaper

feed.





EXPERIMENTS WITH HORSES.





 





During the years 1909—10. experiments

were conductcd on four Danish farms for

the purpose of determining the relative

value of oats and Indian corn. of oats and

mangels or rutabagas. and of whole and

cut straw in feeding work horses of the

Jutland breed. The main experiment

period lusicd, as a rule, from two to

three months.



Ry substituting corn for oats two

pounds of corn was found equal to two

pounds of outs in the grain ration, and

some straw was saved by making this

change. '\\‘hen about four pounds of oats

was rcplaced by roots in a ration of from

20 to 21 pounds of cats, two pounds of

dry matter in the roots proved equal to

two pounds of dry matter in the- oats.

Such a change in the ration did not ap-

parently produce any injurious effects on

the health or working capacity of the

horses. \Vholc straw and cut straw were

found to be of equal feeding value,

weight for weight, in rations for horses

at work.





 





Investigations conducted at the Minne-

sota Experiment Station during the past

two years indicate that young pigs from

immune cows are highly immune to

cholera inoculation, but that if they are

inoculated the immunity is gradually

lost. Inoculation with virulent blood

during this immune period has given per.-

manent immunity but pen exposure while

nursing has not given satisfactory re-

sults. A small amount of work with

pigs from susceptible sows indicates that





~rsuch pigs do not have any important





immunity at birth.





@1113 Micnmkn ”FARM-ER».





 





YYYVYYV‘YYVYVYVVYYVYVYVVV





i VETERINARY





MAMALALAAAAAAAMAAAAAALA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





Advice through this department iI free

to our subscribers. Each communication

writ 1r Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

case in full; also name and address of

should state history and symptoms of the

the some ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1. 00 must

accompany the letter.





 





 





 





 





 





Leaking Navel.—I have a colt four days

old that is unable-to get up without

help, but when up he is able to walk.

The only symptoms that I can notice is

a leaking navel. C. L. S., Gaylord, Mich.

—The navel opening should be either

ligated or stitched to close it, then apply

one part carbolic acid and 50 parts water

to cleanse the wound, then dust on equal

parts of boric acid, powdered alum and





iodoform. Be sure that the colt is fed

every three hours.

Sprained Tendon—Bursal Swelling.—





My horse went lame suddenly while trav-

eling on the road; the horsshoer examined

his foot, found nothing wrong and all

that I find is a bunch, or thickening, on

back part of fetlock. When standing he

rests toe on ground, and I forgot to say

he is lame in right fore quarter. C. D.

'\V., Evart, Mich.—Apply one part red

iodide mercury and eight parts cerate of

cantharides to enlarged tendon or puff

once a. week. He should have rest until

he goes sound, then moderate exercise

will do him no harm.



Infiamed Joints—Navel Infection—Have

a colt three weeks old that is troubled

with swollen joints. For the first week

he seemed to be in good condition, then

a puff came on one knee; a few days

later one book joint swelled; I called our

Vet. and he treated knee and hook with

fair success. The other hock is now in-

flamed and sore and I would like to know

what can be done for a case of this kind.

S. L. D. Lawrence, Mich. —This is a gen—

uine case of blood p01son, resulting from

navel infection and had you tied and

treated the navel of colt it could perhaps

have been avoided. The navel is per—

haps now healed, but if not apply one

part carbolic acid and 15 parts water

twice daily. Apply camphorated oil to

swollen joint twice a day. The colt’s

mother should have good care; this is

done to insure colt a good food supply.



Barren Cow.——My four-year—old cow

came fresh March 13; she came in heat

soon after calving, but so far as I have

been able to tell, never since. I am anx-

ious to breed her now, and come to you

for a remedy. G. M. W., Brown City,

ll/Iich.~—(}ive 25 grs. extract damiana, 10

grs. powdered cantharides and 30 grs.

ground nux vomica at a dose in feed

t111te a day. She should be fed plenty of

g11ain and all the better if she ran with

a bull. In some cases a forced service

p1oves very effective in bringing on heat.



Wounded Coronet—Lameness. ——A bout

three weeks ago one of our heifers got

fast in barbed wire fence, wounding pas—

tern. This injury seems to be resulting

in enlargement of pastern and causing

severe lameness. H. A. W., Vermont-

ville, Mich. —A wound on pastern of cat—

tle or horses seldom heals quickly, during

hot weather, unless it has good care and

the right kind of dressing. Apply equal

parts oxide of zinc and powdered alum to

wound twice a day. If the sore seems

tardy in healing touch raw surface with

Lunar Caustic daily for a few days.



Catarrh. —I have a tu1key gobbler that

shows symptoms of roup. He discharges

from nose and eyes; also has a swelling,

or pouch, under throat, but his appetite

is good. For some time the eyes were

almost closed, now they are better. Our

local Vet. gave me a wash for head and

medicine to put in drinking watel, but

I failed to notice any improvement from

his treatment. I have greased head with

lard and tuipentine and thought it help-

ed him. I also lost two hen turkeys last

spring, cause of death, diarrhoea. Could

they have been saved? F. H. M., St

Louis, Mich. -——l)issolve a tablespoonful of

salt in one quart of clean water and dip

his head in it twice a day. Wet sack

with tincture of iodine three times a

week. Your other hens had parasitic

bowel ‘trouble and should have been

treated for worms.



Vertigo—Last year I had 19 ducklings

to begin with and at the end of year all

had died but six. A few days before they

died they appeared dumpish, stupid, 10st

control of their head. the head failed to

stay where it belonged, flopping to either

side or on back. This year I made a pen

but kept them in it less, allowing them

to have some more out door exercise and

so far have only lost one duckling. I re-

moved the sick one from others this

year. I forgot to say the sick ones swal-

lowed food with difficulty R. C., Shafts-

burg, Mich. ——Your ducklings died of con-

gestion of the brain (vertigo), the result

of high feeding and too little exercise.

Keep pen clean, keep their bowels open

and let them have some exercise every

day or two.





 





 





From March 1 to latest advices western



packers have slaughtered 9,950, 000 hogs,

an increase of 2,780,000 hogs as compared

with the same time a. year ago.



Fancy horses are offered sparingly in

the Chicago market, and a few prime sad-

dlers have been sold recently at $800 to

$1, 000 per head. Cheap horses are always

plentiful, and recent sales have been





made of cast-off fire and police depart-'





ment horses at an average price of around

$95 per head. These horses are not sold

until they are practically worn out.





 





 





 





.. “-

CAUSTIC BALSAM





The Great French Vote Rained .

ASAFE, SPEEDY & POSIT CURE.





Proper-ed exclusively

110 J. E. 90111 boult. ax-





to

the min-3:3 dagger-amen!

Stud.





 

   





SUPERSEDES All. CAUTERY 0R "RING.





Impossible to produce any scar or blemis an.

The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the

ace of all liniments for mild or severe action.

fiemoves all Bunches or Blemiahcs from Horscc

Com

2” I HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

tl Im. Spralnc. Sore Throat. 000.. it

II invaluable.

WE GUARANTEE that one tcblco

spoonful of CauItlc Bu] um willp no.

more IctuIl results than I whole bottlcp of any

llniment or 1; twin cure mixture over

Every bottc of CauItle Baum-1 Iold lI

Warrant ted to given: satisfaction. oPrlcc .1.”

pox- bottlc. Sold by in rIcnt by ex-

pron. charges paid, ywith nll ldlrcctionu for m

Semi for descriptive circulars. ultimo

15:11, etc Addres





I'll] LAWRIIOI—WILLILIS GOIPAIY. Movdcndj) Ohio.





 





 





 





 





You don't need to

experiment on a. ram-

Bin

plin

edHock, Swollen

Joints or any lame-

ness of horse or man.





Kendall’s Spawn Cure





. has been the unfaigng regiedy for 40 years.



'ilver reek N. Y. A r.1909.

Dr. B. J. Kendall Co. Enosburg‘li‘nlls, VtE1 8'



I have used Kendall’ s Spavin Cure for the last 15

years, and it; never has failed to do Ill nut is chimed

for It. ”Would not be without It. .A. Dahlman.



.1 lb Milo. 6 for SI. At all drugc'J stores. Ask for





free book, “Treatise on the Horse,’ or write

on. a. .1. KENDALL co.. Iuosuunc Fm‘h





 





 





LEHR Sanitary Hog Troughs possess merits of true

value. They are absolutely sanitary and a safe guard against

. contagious disease germs. They

will save enough feed in nahort

time to more than pay for them-

selves besides every hog is cute

to get its share of the feed.

The LEHR AGRICULTURAL“).

Dept. I. Free—out. Ohio.





BEG. PERGHEBUNS for SALE—ifiihllf’i‘slzygfio‘il‘?





both greys. M. A. lBRAY, Okemos, (Ingham (lo. .) Mich.





now old enough to shi

Beautiful Collie Puppies 5...... the remambl’;

intelli ent dog ‘Di<k W, " N.o 69%;4. Dam, “Lady of

the La 8 II, " No 923513114190 3 beautiful and intelli~

gent Collie. Low prices to nick buyers. and they

are warranted to please. Alsot. e handsome 4- mar-old

SHE ’I‘LANI) STALLION. Cor oral W. . 79%

He is a sornl .111d 1iliite.and wil be a prize to the

one who gets him Edson Woodman, Paw Paw, Mich.





A. S. WILCOX. figfifgfil‘flfiiflflfilfi





AUCTIONEER. Write for terms and dates.





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





" mm: 22, 191-1.





\





FOF- seventeen





producing stock 0 A B





LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.





“RB “Ullsgvmiu 88le St. L. No. 58197.

Jubilee' s Foxhall. No.8 28299.

Bull calves sired by these great bulls. and out of

splendid dairy cows. many of them in test. for register

of merit. Also a few heifers and heifer calves for

sale. Write for description dand prices. Satisfaction

nmnteed or mono re fdun ed

‘ comiv c. LILEIE. Goopersvlllc. Mlchlnn.





DAIRY SHORTHORNS





oft be Best Milking Families.

All mltlk weighed and! eoordc ”or

W. W. KNAPP.R .D. 4. Watervllet. M chlgan.





REGISTERED JERSEYB'For Sale-Some combin.

ing the blood of St Louis and Chicago World's

Fair Champions by HERMAN HARMS Reese. Mich.





SHEEP.

Oxford-Down Sheep 811333391





cattle for-ale. J. A. D]: GARMO. pMuir, Mich.





 





 





 





Oxford Down Shee R‘ifim’éefifigfir 3511‘ 2.1.3





forsnle. I. R. WATERB BY. Highland. Michigan.





Reg. Rmhumetsjllhglhvgfifiggfin ‘36..“

also $ awe and ram 131111».le 2% miles out of

Morrice on .T. Bond. Address J. Q. A. COOK.





 





 





 





 





H008.

Growth 8 Do 1! Gilt

nun“ & “CIORIS— of choRictyast. gmegin 193111 Print:

Winners. M. T. S.RTOBY .Lowel. Michigan.





 





31111151111111 ms schematics...“ it:

Longfellow families—the world's best breeding

Price 815. 0.1) D..WOODBURY Lansing, Michigan





 





' ——Ten gilts bredto the wonderful Duke

BorkSlllns Pontiac Chief, to furrow in April or May.

N0 better breeding. 0. S. Bartlett. Pontiac. Mich.





BERKSHIRES‘Efi‘i‘d‘fSi‘i‘.“tieé’éifizfmt’iti‘if

passed. Price $15. 0.0 0,0REY New Haven. Mich.





 





 





TWO Berkshire Gilts. sired b Handsome Prince 3.

Bbred for A113,,farrowlng, wi i sell at. $40 & 846 also

A few spring pigs left. A. A. PATTLLUO, Deckorville, Mich.





 





DAMS 3305., Litchflcld. Mich. breeder: of Imp. Chatter

White and Tamworth swine. service hours, sown bred or

open. of either breed. Shot-thorn Cattle. Buff Rock, Buff Wynn-

dotte, W. Orpington. CklI. all breeding stock. lending winners.





0 I C Surlne—Bredm gilte. males weighin from

2501mm. Price an ty 9

right. Geo. P. Andrews. Dansv1lle. Ingham Co. Mic





0 '0 C —March rise with quality and best pedi-

- tees. )rder now and get first choice.

0. J. HOMP SON. Rockford, MJchlx-an.





9 —Best quality, lar rowth

0g '0 C s For sale type. either consensus poi

akin, some fine bred ilts, choice lot of to l pigs all

ages. OTTO B. 80 ULZ E. Nthville. Michigan.



—Sold out but.





CHESTER WHITE 8.111 1.. .1...





business of raisin Cheaters and Holstein cattle.

Both Phones. .0. WILSON. Okemos, Mich





0 I C’s Bred sows 3113011193 choice Mar. &A

I farmwed “Nickie either sex pairs not. akin 1%?

RIM 11-. MonroeJMioh.





0.1. c. March Pi s and SW ‘0 “.1...

H. W. CLARK. 11. RgD. 4. Brightens, palms,”





 





 





 





 





 





in buyers name. 13‘





 





 





 





o. I C’s —All ages 25 young and 2 yearling

I sows an e in ng. Price for 11 short.

time 1% to $0. H.H UMP unith, Michigan.





 





o I. 0 —Choice regiswtereld dpig‘s 8 to 16 [weeks

. 11 ‘air Winners.

Glenwood Stock ‘ll‘armfn Zoefa’mld, _Mich (Phone 94.)





u l 0- choices "ll Pi either sex. Pairs not

et first. choice. A] 81g: shgs'tfk olin $05535 as; Big“!

Eree. HARRY T. O’RAND L OOAS) SCITY, MICE.





—My herd is chiefl

O. l. C. SWINEd demo... 0. .1... Romy,

strain both males and females. Get my price before

1011 buy. Will register free of charge 1n purchaaer' 5

name. A. .GOBDEN. ..No .Dorr Michigan.





DUROC-JERSEY





sale. CAREY U. EDMONDS Haetines,





 





 





 





—Bred Gilts and





prin pigs for

Mgchigan.





 





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd, consisting of Trojan Ericas Blackbirds and

Prides, only. is headed by erton W. a Trojan Erica.

by BlackW lawn, sire oft. 9 Grand Cham ion steer

and bull at. the International in Chicago, 90. .. 1910.

He is assisted bv Undulata Blackbird Ito



WOODC DCOTE STOCK F ARM Ionla. M1011.





FOR SALE—DUROC-JERSEY bred sows,

pigs and Shepherd Pups. Ex-

press prepaid. J. H. BAN GHART. Lansing, Mich.





‘NVALNUT HILL DUROCS— 17 fancy sons bredto

Mich. Col. for August and Se 1* furrow. 165

spring pigs. both sexes. priced right. \ rim or tome

J. C. BARNEY. COLDW ATER. MICHIGAN.





 





 





GUERNSEY Bill]. (Ile iifé‘bd'r" 1335.32ng





20, 1910. ALLAN KELSEY. Lokeview Michigan.





TOP NOTCH HOLSTEINS





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

billing in “themselves the blood of cows which now

1103 d and have in the past held World's Records for

milk and butter fat at. fair rices



MCPHERSON PAR S (10.. Howell. nick.





 





 





- _ LVES.

Holstein Fricsian Cattle Egi‘l‘wfii‘oc a...

ary Mercedes. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Michigan





C. ’ .

HOLSTEIN-FHIESIAN 1173i]2.333.1i35‘3i2932inslinfi.

O. Cows. E. R. CORNELL, Howell. Michigan.





 





 





1; OLS'l‘EIN BULLS—1 with n 2011). Dam: A grand

one at a low figure. Several fine ones at. lower cost.

L()N(: BEACH FARM, Augusta, Kalamazoo 00., Mich.





 





0R SAI E—Holstein Bull 2 years old 5125. Bull

Calves 6 months to 1 year $50 $100. Bred heifers

$15010 3200.01.19.11.- herd in Ind. Semi for Photos and

Pedigrees. W. 0. Jackson. 715 Rex St. South Bend. Ind.





H E R E F0 R D S‘Rflthn'iif” flit. 133.1253?





China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. 11:11:11.





J J

BUTTER BRED Egggvsgggm





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allezan County. Michigan.





 





 





 





Register of Merit Jerseys...c 0”“ 1°“ 3,...





rly

lot of 4myounfi bulls from dame with official recordI

Magnum s and upwards of butter

MARSTON. Bay City. Michigan.





JERSEY BULLSEBR‘triéSfiifisfiféfi $33.12;?

Prices right. W. E. S.HELDON Litohfleld. Mich.

JERSEYS F011 SALEEfidiigiré’i‘ai‘i’feaifigi‘iii'





bred A. NEWMAN. R. No. Marlette, Mic [gun





 





ARGE TYPE P. est in Mkh Sept. & 0 1..

pigs weigh 250 Oto 300‘lbs Sired bv tuo largdst,

boars and from largest sows in State. Come and see

and be convinced. W. E. Livingston Parmn, Mich





POLANDaCHI NA 5—333." ‘13:?

spring pigs. WOOD & SUNS. Saline. Michigan.

LSgring Pigs $35.21.? 1.38.? “Wife





. Barnes A: Son. Byron, Shiawasuee 00., Mich.





Three Extra Good FallP. 6. Bears





Bv Next In Line. 32 spring male pigs ready to shi

I ship 0. U. . and futnish pedigree promptly. If

um 11. ant. good as the best. write me for prices,





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater, Michigan.





 





 





 





utler's Famous Wonders—The big Poland China

V without a peer, combining, size, bone, uality

We'ie headquarters for everything in Poland- hina'g

Herd boars. brood sows, weanling pigs, alwavs for sale

Registered Jersey Bulls ofall :1 es for sale, our prices

are 1011. J. C. Butler. Portland, Mich. Boll Phone





10 TYPE POLAND CHINA BOARS .

B earlvt spring Igs. B. Rock egésqllllgrlllffiltl‘rmllli

OBER NEVE. Pierson, Michl lgan.





FOR SALE SEE}? YORKSHIRE PIGS.

MURRAY-WAIEHMAN (20..58 Mill mlflllflell, MIC".





lillie Farmstead Yorkshires £2,361,113;

Oak Lodge blood predominates Large Herd. Three

service hours. Pairs and t-rios. not akin. Boars ready



for service. A line lot of spring pigs Guts bred for

August furrow The best he oEn earth. satisfaction





 





guaranteed. COLONC. LIL E.000persville, Mich.





’ to mention the Michi-

Don t Fail gun Farmer when you

are writiag to advertisers.





 





_.-.-A 1 . .
_...-_. .





 





 





 





 





 





GETTING STARTED IN THE POULTRY

‘ BUSINESS.





The firSt consideration in establishing





a. poultry business is the location. We

must select .a location that is suitable in

every respect. ‘Any kind of soil, just so

it is soil, will not bring best results in

poultry raising; 5A high, dry porous soil

is to be preferred to others. Such a soil,

of a sandy or gravelly nature, is much

better than a heavy, clay soil.



In selecting the location the drainage

must be considered. If possible, select

an elevation with drainage away from the

building. Never select a location where

the water will stand, as this means damp-

ness in the house and sickness and death

among the flock.



The time of year to build should also

be taken into consideration. The best

time, in my opinion, is to build in the

late summer, as the building will then

have time to thoroughly dry out before

cold weather sets in. This drying out is

essential to the 'health of the fowls, as

gFeen lumber is often used in building.



The house should stand upon a good

foundation. I consider a foundation of

concrete the best for all purposes. It is

waterproof and will therefore keep the

floor and litter nice and dry. It is also

rat and mouse proof. Such a foundation

can be cheaply constructed when one has

the time to do it himself. If the material

for the concrete is not available, or the

pocketbook will not permit of such a

wall, the building may be erected on

posts.



In regard to the floor, Iwill say that I

prefer one of earth. It is easily kept

clean and is usually dry. All that is

necessary to cleanliness is to remove a

little of the surface and replace with

fresh dirt. The earth floor should be

several inches higher than the ground

outside to insure dryness. A board floor

usually rots in a short time unless air is

allowed to circulate underneath, and this

makes it cold, besides furnishing a har-

bor for rats.



The roof is one of the principal factors.

It must consist of such material as is

absOlutely waterproof. A leaky roof spells

ruIE.“ , I have asphalt roofing on my poul-

try house and it has proven very satis-

factory. Its cost is very low in compar-

ison with a shingle roof and it is easy

to put on. It requires no painting, which

is a very good point in its favor.



The interior arrangement of the house

may be made to suit the owner. The

roosts are preferably placed on a level to

prevent crowding, as the fowls will all

try to get on the top roosts if they are

not of equal height. They should not be

over three feet from the floor. Alighting

on the hard ground from a high perch

causes bumble-foot. Construct a drop-

pings platform about eight inches below

the roosts. This platform should extend

the entire length of the roosts and about

a foot beyond them on each side in order

to catch all the droppings.



Indiana. 0. E. HACHMAN.





 





TURKEYS AILING.





I am trying to raise a few turkeys this

season. One has already died and others

are beginning to droop in the same man-

ner. They are about one month old when

they begin to droop, lose their appetite

and get thin. Their feathers become

iough I have used louse powder freely;

feed them curdled milk, corn meal and

wheat, and put rusty nails in their drink-

ing water, which is frequently renewed.



Kalamazoo Co. SUBSCRIBER.



Drooping, loss of appetite and roughen—

ing of the feathers are general symptoms

only and give little aid in determining the

nature of the trouble. Inquirers should

examine sick fowls closely, and, where

deaths have occurred, a post-mortem

will generally reveal conditions which as-

sist greatly in making a correct diagnosis.

It would seem that the iron in the drink-

ing water should have been sufficient to

prevent the ordinary bowel disorders that

are rather common in hot weather and

it therefore seems likely that the trouble

may be blackhead. Diarrhoea is gener-

ally a conspicuous symptom of this dis-

ease; the head and comb usually take on

a dark color and the liver becomes en-

larged and disfigured with whitish or

yellowish spots. Eastern turkey growers

have been forced to give this disease con-

siderable attention and the Rhode Island

station recommends isolating the sick

fowls, placing them in a dry, well lighted

location and feeding sparingly on soft,

light, easily assimiiabie food, with little





 





grain,

afiected ones on fresh ground, and en-

»deavor to prevent their coming in con-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.’





especially corn. Place the un-





tact with germs from sick or dead fowls.

As treatment, another authority recom—

mends, for turkeys under three months

old, 1,5 gr.‘ copperas in the morning and

3.21/2 gr. pill of salicylatc of soda in the

evening. Also give epsom salts every

three or four days and keep the grounds

and floors well sprinkled with lime.

KEEPING QUALITY OF DRAWN VS.

UNDRAWN POULTRY.





The results of investigations

comparative rate of‘ decomposition of

drawn and undrawn poultry, made by the

United States Department of Agriculture

during the season 1909-1910, have recently

been made public. The conditions of the

experiment were strictly commercial, as

the fowls were killed and dressed by the





regular employes of a poultry packing};

one—l

dozen-to-the-box package in a car lot of’





house, were shipped in the usual





dressed poultry, were received by





F3





into the -





 





. TELEI’_H0_NE





8.5.

,_ 515%?" fig

8%“ (as





and went to the retailer when ’he pur-§





chased fowls from the same car-lot, re-

maining in his shop for the period which

the market happened to require for their

sale.



The shipments extended over a period

of six months, from January to June, in—

clusive, and the haul was about 1,700

miles requiring on the average of 76

days. The fowls were mature hens, large

and fairly fat, and the method of killing

was by bleeding through the mouth and

puncturing the brain through the skull

just below the eye. The carcasses were

dressed according to methods known re-

spectively as “full drawn,” “wire drawn,”

“Boston drawn,” and some were un-

drawn, all being dry picked, and the

evisceration was conducted with sufficient

care to render washing unnecessary.



The routine of dressing, packing and

shipping, and general handling in these

experiments is far above the average.

In fact, if all market poultry should be

handled so well, the problem of decay

would become insignificant.



The investigations demonstrate (1) that

undrawn poultry decomposes more slowly

than does poultry which has been either

wholly or partly \eviscerated; (2) that

“full drawn” poultry, completely eviscer-

ated, with head and feet removed, de-

composes the most rapidly; (3) that “Bos—

ton drawn” and “wire-drawn” stand mid-

way between the undrawn and “full-

drawn” in speed of decomposition—«the

“wire-drawn,” which is most like the

undrawn,.being usually the better; and

(4) that these deductions apply to dry

picked, dry chilled, dry packed, unwashed

fowls, which have been marketed with

what would be called promptness.





THE HONEY OUTLOOK.





Several reports, already published in

this department, from leading honey-pro—

ducing counties of this state have shown

that the outlook favors reasonably good

yields of honey. However, it is known

that in some sections—notably the south-

eastern portion of the state—nectar-pro-

ducing crops have suffered very severely

from drouth. As Michigan bee-keepers

are interested in conditions, not only in

this state but throughout the country, we

present the following summary of advices

received by Gleanings in Bee Culture and

appearing in that journal of date of July

1: Reports show that Texas will not

have as large a crop as was first predict-

ed. California, taking in the whole state,

will do considerably better than first ad-

vices seemed to indicate. Iowa, Missouri,

Nebraska, and all that section of the

clover belt, have been hit hard by the

drouth and there will not be much clover

honey from those states. Recent rains

through the central states have improved

conditions in Michigan, Ohio, Western

Pennsylvania, and New York; and it be—

gins to look now as if Michigan and New

York might have some white- clover hon-

ey as well as basswood. Wisconsin will

not have much clover, but probably some

basswood. Illinois and Indiana seem to

have been struck by the same drouth that

blighted the clover in Missouri and Iowa,

and reports do not look good from these

states. There will be a fair to light clo-

ver- flow in northern Ohio, in central New

York, and central and western Pennsyl-

vania. Eastern New York, eastern Penn—

sylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and

Virginia, have also been hit by a drouth,

and the crop will be light if not a fail-

ure. Vermont and Maine, as well as

Canada, at the present writing, give

promise of a flow of clover honey.





; Every man’s home faces on aroad

. which connects with every other





road and leads to every other

home throughout the whole land.





Main highways connect with

crossroads so that a man can go

where he chooses easily and

comfortablyif conditions are favor-

able. But the going is not always

the same; some roads are good—

some are bad.





The experts in the South illustrate

the difference by showing four

mules drawingtwo bales/of cotton

slowly over a poor, muddy cross-

road, and two mules drawing

eight bales of cotton rapidly over

a first class macadam highway.





The Bell Telephone lines are the

roads over which the speech of

the nation passes.





One Policy





One System





(5)





 





The Good Road

For Universal Service!





wholesaler and handled with his stock,'





The highways and by-ways of

personal communication are the

12,000,000 miles of wire connect-

ing 6,000,000 telephones in homes

on these highways. Steadily the

lines are being extended to every

man’s home.



The public demands that all the

roads of talk shall be good roads.

It is not enough to.have a system

that is universal; there must be

macadamized highways for talk all

the way to every man’s home. A

single section of bad telephone line

is enough to block communication

or confine it to the immediate

locality.



Good going on the telephone lines

is'only possible with one policy

and one system. Good going

everywhere, at all times, is the aim

of the Bell System.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





Universal Service





 





structive.





Do You Want Work?





We have absolutely the best proposition to ofier those who can give

all or part of their time we pay a liberal salary and expenses.

who can give only part of their time to us.

commission and rebate proposition ever offered.

can earn a large salary during vacations.

\Vrite at once for full particulars, addressing



BOX F, care MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.





For those

We have the most attractive

Teachers and students

The work is pleasant and in-





 





Bll FFALO

BIGYGLES





$24.45





“Built for Business." Equipped with C088t1 r

Brake $27. 55. ($3.10 extra.)





Bicycle complete with tool kit and bell; frame

of reinforced seamless steel tubing; has extra long

steel mud guards and all such standard equipment

118 451-position handle bars rubber grips. Ii-spim]

Spring seat. “Beats All Puncture Proof' tires,



Lefevre" or Imported 'Iwin Roller chmn finest.

nickel and enamel finish. It's the easiest run-

ning, most; durable bicycle made; built to give

reliable service. Guaranteed for L- I- F-E





30 DAYS FREE





TRIAL





We will EXPRESS this Bicycle PREPAID,

subject to _\our examination and approval at your

express co s office—ride it, 30 davs, and if then

you are not satisfied with lldt or certain it. is the

equal or superior of any sold for $50 we will give

you back every cent of your mo



Send for "Money- Saving" Catalog. (Illus. )—

Do it NOW.



F. F. RICK a. 00., Manufacturers,

Dept. M 1, Buffalo, N. Y.





 





 





 





o B



‘ EGGMAKERS ”— tisrst. Ooholigggflmea gogilrsds ngvev‘?

$1 up. Write me. W. 8. Cooper. Mt. Pleasant, Mich.

White [.0 horns—Roles fir single comb cock-

per 15. Rayg. Grahamtn‘BFFD 088 0.0““) Fefga ‘Mfiihz

LILLIE FARHSTBAD POULTRY





B. P. Rocks, R. I. Rods, W. oWzlandottoes an%08.50 0.W 5‘)va

or





 





 





GGS: EGGS. EGG S—W’hite 41 But! Or in to

4 W hits .12 Barred Rocks, Black It White lflnogrcalé

White at Bufl‘ Leghorns, Rose dz Single Comb Reds,

Houdnns &WhiteCrested Blk Polish. H. H. King, Willis, Mich.





HOROUGHBRED S. 0. BROWN LEGHORN Egs

OOger 1.1 or $5.00 per 100. Stock all so (1.

LEWIS 3’1‘. 0 PENLANDER. R. No. 4. LansinQ Mich.





 





Eg s—Light Brahma, White Wyandotte and Barred

gg Rmks. $1 a setting, $1.50 for two settings.

E. l). BISHOP. Route 38. Lake Odessa, Michigan.





ll. 0. B. Leghorn Baobab—£313 Ema; $0,331,353





 





 





in season. .WAITE, (:‘uoblevilie;l Michigan.

~Af .



3111115 001111 11ch moms ... as? ~22.



$1.50 per setting. R. W. MILLS Saline, ichigan.





 





ILVER, GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDOTT

S Eggs $1. 50 per 1:1; $2 50 per 30. A few White Roosgggs

left, circular free. .CW Browning. Portland. Mich.





 





 





Le horn eg for sale.

32.50 dBLON 0. 1.115311% Coopé’muie.’ Mich.





O. and R. 0. Rhode Island

15! for $1.;00 5010:-

Ann Arbor, Mich





WHITE WYANDOTTEs—Usffulha and beautiful. The





weighs lays and





FOR SAL





—Red E

82 75; 100 for $5. BUELL BROS:





 





 





pays. A. FRANKLDV SMITH. Ann Arbor, Mich.

DOGS.

OW WRITEW J. ROSS. Rochester, Mich, for





those beautiful sable and white and tricolor Collie

Puppies. Finest. breeding. natural workers.

All bred from the best of





Twenh'fi'B Hound Pups' trained Coon huntingdzar-

ents, send stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holmesville, hio





 





 





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARM!!!

when won are writing to advertisers.
....,. v

m»...





 





62 (6)





I .





L. THE DAIRY





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





 





 





AN ElGHTY—ACRE DAIRY FARM.





 





I desire to call your attention to an

article in the Saturday Evening Post, of

May 13, and enclose herewith a copy for

your careful inspection. The article is

the most comprehensive report of dairy-

ing I have ever seen, and is put up in

such a concise form, that for a city man

it makes interesting reading matter, and

as I am a city man contemplating a

change to the farm, without any knowl—

edge of farming whatever, I am compelled

to get information and gain knowledge

from such sources as I can. “'hile the





.4 article referred to is very interesting, I





am somewhat in doubt if it could be

worked out in Michigan, and I wish,





therefore, you would give me your opln-.





ion, either by letter or through the Mich—

igan Farmer. The points I am mostly

interested in, is the question of feed and

the relative cost as compared with prices

quoted in the Saturday Evening Post.

Also, the purchase price. of Jersey cattle

of a good grade, and their production in

Michigan. Are any other grade of cattle

better adapted for this climate? Ap-

proximate selling price to creameries of

milk and cream in this section? And will

good soil produce the crops. per acre, as

quoted? If you can see your way clear

to furnish me with this information, same

will be very much appreciated.



Kalamazoo C0. M. H De L.



I have read with a great deal of inter-

est the article referred to in the Saturday

Evening Post. it is a splendid article on

(lairying and very comprehensive. as M.

H. D. states. The writer has an under-

standing of the dairy question and I

haven't any doubt but what he could ac-

complish the results which he claims in

the article, but the question is, would he?

In other words, he has figured the labor

problem altogether too low. The pro-

prietor and one man possibly could take

care of 30 cows and do the work neces—

sary, with the exception of four months

of the year when they have one extra

man. But the. proprietor and one other

man wouldn’t do it. there. is no doubt in

my mind about that, and it would be

well nigh impossible for them to do it.

The writer of this article. or a city man

going out onto a farm never couldac-

coniplish this physical labor necessary to

bring about the ideal result. Thirty

cows is a good—sized dairy. Night and

morning, 365 days in the year, to prop-

crly care for the cows and do the other

chores on the farm will take up so much

of your time and so much of your energy

that you can't grow the necessary crops

to feed these 30 cows on 80 acres of land.

That’s the point I am getting at. The

plan of farming pictured in the article

requires a nice little amount of figuring

and management. One must use consid-

erable energy in planning the work. Then

if he sells the surplus live stock for

breeding purposes he must do consider-

able corresponding, and this takes time.

Records must be kept of the cows so that

he knows exactly what each one is doing,

and this takes time, and I would say that

it would be absolutely impossible for two

men to do all the work. Possibly, if a

man is very strong physically, and active,

if he was willing to forego all recrea-

tion, and confine himself 365 days in the

year, and about 16 hours a day at that,

just hustling from morning till night, this

work could be done. but no ordinary man

nor no two ordinary men could do it. It

will take one man the biggest share of

the time with the cows alone, to say

nothing about working in the field, and so

you had better figure on just about twice

the amount of labor to do the farming as

the article intends you will do it, that

is figured in the article. I am positive

that it will cost twice as much to do this

labor.



Then again, as to prices. One dollar

Der gallon for 30 per cent cream is an

extremely attractive price. I don't know

where you could get it, unless you got

hold of some private concern that was

willing to pay an extra price for an ex-

ceptional quality of cream. The ordinary

price at creameries for butter—fat will

run around 25c a pound the year around;

that is, late years it will average that,

last year I think it averaged about 280

per pound. A gallon of 30 per cent cream

will weigh about 71/; to 8 pounds, so you

would have about 21/2 pounds of butter-

fat in a gallon of cream and at 25c a

pound it would bring you about 650 to 75c

a gallon for your cream instead of $1.00,

and this would make quite a difference

in the income. .



Then again, if you have 30 cows that

will average 6,000 pounds of milk in a

year. You could develop a herd and tin-





' THE MICHIGAN LFARMER;





ally get your dairy of 30 cows to make

this average. ‘



As to prices, you can go out in the

state and buy registered Jersey cows for

$125 apiece but they will be only ordinary

Jersey cows. You can’t buy the best

registered Jersey cows for $125 each. To

start with I should say it would be more

profitable to buy grades. You can get

many grades that are just as good from

a practical standpoint; that is, they will.

probably earn you just as much in pro-

ducing butter-fat as the registered one.

All- there will be about it you cannot sell

the bull calves for $50 each, but I am

confident if you undertook to get a. herd

of cows that would produce you 300

pounds of butter—fat on an average each

year, that you would have to pay more

than $125 for them. While grades that

would perhaps yield as much butter—fat

in a year could be bought for one-half

to two-thirds that amount. It would

take a little time to hunt them up, but

they cauld be found.



I should say that you could not find

any other breed of cattle that would be

any better adapted to the kind of dairy-

ing described in this article than the

Jersey. \Vhere the object sought is but-

ter-fat I don’t believe you will get a

breed of cattle that will produce butter-

fat more economically than the Jersey.





As to the feed problem, the price of

bran is figured at $20. \Ve haven't been

able to buy bran for $20 for the last sev-

eral years. I do not know within the

last two or three years of bran going

down below $25 per ton. The price of oil

meal is flgured at $30. You can’t buy

that in Michigan today nor for the past

several years at $30 per ton. You will

have to pay in the neighborhood of $35

to $38 per ton for old process oil meal.



The yield of crops in the rotation is all

right. The rotation and the arrangement

of the farm 1 would consider well nigh

ideal. I do not see how it could be bet-

ter for the purpose. The yield of crop is

put down at a reasonable amount, with

perhaps the exception of corn for the

first year or two. Seventy bushels of

shelled corn per acre is pretty good for

a Michigan yield, and yet if you had your

80 acres well in hand; that is, had it un-

der a fine state of cultivation, if you

made it rich by manuring, you could do

better than this.



Now, where the average city man

would be disappointed and fall down is

that he would not be able to select 80

acres of land in such condition at the

present time that he could go on and

adapt this system and make anywhere

near the amount mentioned in this arti-

cle. T‘i'hen you sell $4,847 worth of stuff

from an 80-acre farm you are “gong

some,” and when your net income from

80 acres is $2,418.50 you certainly have

been doing well.



Figure the minimum income which he

figures as $1,918.50 and there is not one

80—‘acre farmer in one hundred in the

state of Michigan that is doing anything

nearvit. Now, I do not think it is reason-

able to suppose that a city man with no

experience in farming could go out onto

the farm and do better than the average

farmer is doing. There might be business

men, men who had business training in

the city that would do things better on a

farm in some ways than the average

farmer, but he has so much to learn that,

for the first few years, I doubt if he would

make any larger income than the average

farmer, and the average farmer does not

make one-quarter of the amount stated

in the article referred to, from his 80

acres. If a city man with good business

training and plenty of energy would go

out onto an 80—acre farm he might hope,

at the end of 10 years, to be able to get

something like what is pictured in the

article.





DAIRYING AND HIRED HELP.





 





A few years ago the strongest criticism

raised to dairy farming was that it was

difficult to get competent help and to

keep it. Now, conditions on the dairy

farm are very much different regarding

the help question. There is very little

complaint now among the better class

of dairymen in that respect. They can

get competent help and they can keep

it if they do the right thing by the men.





The dairymen are really leaders in

solving the hired help problem. In the

first place, they employ men all the year"

round. This is a strong, direct induce-

ment to the men to stay on the farm.

The ordinary system that releases men

when winter comes and sends them to

town has sent many a good hired man

away never again to do farm work. It ‘is





only through furnishing work for twelve





months of thé year that competent .men

can be kept on the farm. 1



There is more system and order in an

up-to-date dairy farm than in any other

branch of farm work. There is a definite

amount of work to be done every day

and there are definite times for doing it.

The very nature of the business calls

for system and order. The dairyman

must be a business man. He treats his

help in a. business-like manner. He be-

lieves that kind treatment, good food,

clean quarters, and pleasant surround-

ings are just as essential for his men as‘

they are for his cows.



Dairying calls for the very best class

of laborers. Every job on the place is a

position of responsibility. It takes a

man who is just a little better than the

average to attend to the small details of

dairylng. Dairymen recognize that fact

and many of them are paying wages

above the average on that account.



The keeping of records of individual

cows, especially those cows which are

being tested for advanced registry or for

some prize competition, arouse the in-

terest of the hired men and stimulate

them to their very best efforts in caring

for the cows. A short time ago on a

general farm that is being changed to

dairy, the father, the son, and the hired

man were discussing the prospective

record of their favorite two—year-old

heifer and comparing her daily and week-

ly record with one that was making a

world record at the state college. The

hired man arose and left. Later, when

the son went out to begin the afternoon's

work he found the hired man currying

that two-year-old heifer. Hired men

really like to take an interest in the work

and there is nothing that affords them

opportunity to do as dairying does.



Iowa. H. E. MCCAIRJ'NEY.





VARIOUS USES OF' MILK BY-PRO-

DUCTS.





Cheese may be made from skim-milk.

and should be a very good way to dis-

pose of large quantities of this by—pro-

duct. A product called “Dutch Cheese”

or “pot” cheese is also made from skim-

milk, and it finds a ready sale in many

cities and towns. While there seems to

be no established price, many claim to

be able to secure nearly a dollar a hun-

dred pounds for their skim-milk made

up into this kind of cheese.



Buttermilk ranks next to skim-milk in

feeding value, and is also used largely in

cooking and baking. Good buttermilk

fresh from the churn is more valuable

than whole milk, but the danger of its

not being well cared for while being ship-

ped causes the demand to be very small

in most cities and villages.



For feeding stock, buttermilk is better

adapted to pigs than to other animals.

I believe that for feeding pigs it is about

as good as skim—milk. I would prefer

the skim-milk because there is less dan—

ger of the animal’s digestive system be—

coming deranged while it is being fed.



“hey is a by-product from the manu-

facture of cheese and possesses more or

less feeding value when fed to pigs.

Some experiments go to show that it is

about one-half as valuable as skim-milk,

but I have never been able to realize

that much from it while feeding swine

or calves.





New York W, MILTON KELLY.





 





AFTER THE BUTTER IS MADE.





 





Many butertmakers seem to think that

after the butter is made their Whole duty

is done, but this is not so, unless the

cold storage and marketing are taken

out of their hands. Better cold storages

are needed at the creameries, but it is

more important that butter be sent once

a week to a co-operative or private cold

storage where the temperature is main-

tained under 32 degrees F. until the but—

ter is ready to go into consumption. Un-

der marketing I would lay down this

general principle to be observed: Deal

as directly as possible with the con-

sumer. When the history of selling farm

and dairy products is written next cen-

tury, historians and political economists

will stand in amazement at the wasteful

methods of marketing which were so

common in the nineteenth and the begin-

ning of the twentieth centuries. They

will ask themselves how it was pos-

sible for a well-informed race of people

to be SO/stupid as to allow a class of

men (middlemen) to absorb a greater

share of the profits on goods manufac-

tured with so much skill upon the farms

and in the farm factories. ’



Canada. Pryor. H. H. DEAN.





» JULY :' is. 1911...





 





SHARPLES





Tubular Cream Separators

'Cost Least To Use





“nan used W over nine years. only So

for repairs.”—Perry Faringer. Mill Hall. Pa.

"housedfubulameym Noodle:

repairs.”-—A. C. Porter. Loogootee. ind.

‘Tubularhuooolmtyomtslorrepalrshnino

yearo."—Johu E. Taylor, Orion. MI

tam suns! “wind! 3.35.11.”

Ol' '-

__ A... K. eimex’. Smithville. O.

A re lat hand-driven

Dal Tubular has done

we equal to 100 years'

service in a live to eight

oow daiay on only one

dollar an fifteen cents ior

. oil and reomrs.‘ We will

: mailyou, tree. the illustrat-

ed . um of this





“ remannble rec-

ord._glving alldet is and con-

taining pictures showing how

the parts of the Tubular re-

sisted wear.



Dairy Tubulars have ’no

disks. wace the skimming

loroe of others. Skim

faster and twnce asclean.

You will finally h a

Tubular—so try .



World’s Best now. Wink

out expense to yourself.

Other separators n





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 





‘w'h _

Ill. San ‘

0"“ Toronto.“





 





 





 





Nev; ; y

REQUIRED wmi ORDER





We would sooner convince the buyer that

his money was well invested before asking

him to give it up.Wo only ask you to give our

goods 3 chance to loll themselves. They are

made so good they prove themselves a good

investment without‘tho oldof sol.09mon.»;;a,iz





. . A l _ ., .

is not nn'experimentJI ii bd'ciked by” '7. ’ '

experience—more experience. than:





cry. It in free.

We also .





E. W. R058 00."





 





 

   

 

 





Keeps flies and all

insects and pests 01!

animals — in born or as-

tore-longer than any mi-

totion. Used and endo

Since 1885 by leading dairy-

men and farmers.





$1 worth saves $20M





. 'yitzz' .' ’- in milk and flesh on each

cow in asiugle season. Cures sores. stops itching

and prevents infection. Nothing better for galll‘.

Kills lice and mites in poultry houses. ‘

SEND $1 if your dealer can't supply you, for

’ (mm: In Shoo-Fly to protect 200

cows. and our 3 -tu e gravity sprayer without

extra charge. Money back if not satisfactory. Write‘

for Booklet. free. Special terms to agents.





Shoo-Fly Mfg. 00., Dept]! 1310 N. 10th St, Mala.





Editor knows from experience that Shoo-fly ll 0. K.





“SAVE-THEHonsé’SpAvmCURE.





 





 





 





I





Mnniio, 111.. Fob. 21. '11. Troy Chemical Co , Binghamton.N.Y.

You have a good remedyrused it on a horse that slipped and

caused a hog spnvin. as bad a case as I ever saw; was three

years ago, and it took less than one bottle.

Respectfully, HUGH WOODROW.

Expert Veterlnnry Advice Always Free.

Write for a copy of OUR SIGNED LEGALLY BINDING 001'-

TRAC'I‘; also Booklet and Letters from Bunkers. Business Me- i

Farmers the world over on every kind of use. 15 Years’ Sassoon.

S '3 bottle, with legal signed contract. Absolutely protects

purchasers. Permanently sures Spnvin, Thoroughpln

Blather-o (except low). Curb, Bpllnt. Capped flock, Winds

puff. Shoe Boil, Injured Tendon Ind nll lameness. No

near or loss of hair. Horse works as usual. Dealers orExzn-ess

Paid. Troy Chemienlflou 20 Commercial Ave..Bingl|nntou, KY.





Hard Rubber Teal Plugs





 





/





For hard-milking cows or leaky teats.

Prevents leakage where teat opening is

relaxed and cures hard milking where

guigetoasan obstruction in the canal. Our



0 eac , or 1.00 '

Send orders to _ 3 for a Sgt 0f four.





 





THE MlGlllGAll PARKER, Dolrol, Mloll.





mine maintain {WIT 0?
JULY 22. 1911.



INFLUENCE .OF' GREEN .FORAGE QN

QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF MILK.

‘For a number 'of years the Pennsyl-

vania State Experiment Station has

made a comparative study of some of

the soiling crops for dairy COWs. It Was

found that the chief influence upon

quantity of milk produced. during the

experiments Seemed to be closely related

to the palatability of feeds. That is to

say, those feeds eaten by the cows with

the greatest relish and consequently of

which the largest quantities of green

forage were consumed generally gave

the largest'yields of milk. This seemed

to be true regardless of the amount of

dry matter or percentage of protein con-

tained in the feed. Briefly, the milk pro-

duced bore a much closer relationship

to total green forage than to dry mat-

ter 0r protein consumed.



The effect upon quality of milk was

shown only in an indirect manner. In

no case was a flavor imparted suffi-

ciently marked to be detected after the

milk was aerated and cooled. The per-

centage, of butter fat seemed to vary

inversely as the live weight of the cows.

In other words, those feeds which pro-

duced a gain in live-weight seemed to

produce a milk containing a lower per

cent of butter-fat than was secreted

when the cows were losing weight. This





 





 





The State College of Iowa has instituted

a course giving instruction in the method

of making and judging ice cream. That

such a work is certain to get at the heart

of the situation is certain, for this in-

struction will become a part of the edu-

cation of the men who go out from the

school as buttermakers' and cheesemak-

ers. Having this knowledge these men

will in many instances, begin the manu-

facture of ice cream in the butter and

cheese factories during the season when

ice cream has so large a demand. The

factory located near the cows is the only

one that can get the cream in the best of

condition for the manufacture of this

product. When cream is shipped over

long distances it necessarily deteriorates

and the ice cream made from it cannot

be of the highest quality, while, on the

other hand, where the ice cream itself is

frozen and properly put up shipment can

be made from the primary plant to the

centers of population without damage;

thus resulting in a better product. sav-

ing more money to the local community

and benefiting the ice cream trade gen—

erally. We, therefore, are of the opinion

that the school above mentioned has

started right, and when such institutions

together with the agencies employed for





 





 





A Good Business Herd—The Property of W. J. Browne, of Eaton County.





was true regardless of the amount of

forage eaten or the quantity of milk pro~

‘ . The": ions are that some





fgéds ' 3nd to'lfatten the animals them-





selves, while others_tend to produce fat

in the milk.





IMPROVING OUR ICE CREAM.



Two decades ago ice cream was little

known to the average person. It has

grown to be an important part of the

dairy industry. Every hamlet has its ice

cream parlors where patrons come for a.

social chat while they; refresh themselves

during depressing days of summertime;

and in our large cities thousands upon

thousands of gallons of this product are

consumed in the warmer months of the

year and not a small quantity finds its

way through the elaborately equipped

emporiums to the consumer when snow is

upon the ground. This has all happened

within a few short years.





While ice cream was thus becoming

popular, a number of agencies were work-

ing to improve our butter. Our agricul-

tural colleges and experiment stations

were giving the time of scientific men to

the study of problems relating to the

composition, manufacture, and care of

butter, our institute teachers were agitat—

ing better methods among the farmers

and creamery men, our dairy associations

impressed the necessity of raising the

standard of quality that better markets

might be obtained, consumers with in-

creased discrimination were asking for the

best butter, thus making a wider margin

between the price of good and poor but-

ter, our inventors were working pains—

takingly to produce the best machinery

for handling the milk and converting it

into first-class butter—all these and other

agencies served to bring our butter to a

higher standard. As a result we are put-

ting'upon the market today a far supe-

rior butter than we would be had we not

had this instruction.

arises, can we not bring the same agen-

cies to work to improve the ice cream

product? We recpgnize the action taken

by the federal government and the legis-

latures of many states along this line and

we are certain that great and lasting ben-

efit has come to the business because of

the influence of the laws passed and the

decisions rendered in the courts; but

after all, does it not require discrimina-

tion on the part of the public to attain

to the highest standards in matters of





Now the question'





 





 





. THE MICHIGAN FARMER, ' m 63‘

,this’kind? And can we secure that dis-





crimination without a campaign that ,

~reaches the ear and eye of the public?





HOT WEATHER





- the ideal Time to Use a





DE LAVAL

CREAM SEPARATIIII





If there is a time when the use of the DE LAVAL Centrifugal

Cream Separator is more indispensable to successful dairying than

another that time is during the hot weather of 1nidsummer.,





The use of the separator at this season usually means the difference

between a profit and a loss in dairying, by accomplishing a great

saving of butter-fat that goes to waste with any other method of

separation and enabling the production of a higher quality of cream

and butter-fat than is otherwise possible. ‘





Moreover the advantages of the DE LAVAL over other cream

separators are greatest at this season. The separation is more com-

plete and the cream heavier and more even in texture. The machines

turn more easily and the capacity is greater, getting the work through

more quickly, while the modern DE LAVAL machines are easily 6

cleaned and absolutely sanitary, which is true of no other cream

separator.



If you haven’t a separator you can scarcely afford to defer the

purchase of a DE LAVAL, and if you have any other make of sepa-

rator there is no better time to discard it in favor of a DE LAVAL, first

trying the machines side by side for your own satisfaction, which

every DE LAVAL agent will be glad to give you the opportunity

to do.



Let us send you a catalog and any desired particulars, including

the exchange allowance for your old niachne if you have one. and

remember that a DE LAVAL can be bought either for cash or on

such liberal terms that it will actually pay for itself.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.





166-167 BROADWAY 29 E. Mamson Bran)“ Dnuxx & SACRAMENTO Sn.





 





 





NEW YORK cmcaco SAN "nuance

178-177 WILLIAM Srnanr 14 & 10 mecnss S'rnnm' 1016 WESTERN A VEN us

MONTREAL wmmrlc SEATTLE





 





 





 





 





the campaign looking to the development

of a higher standard of American butter

are put to the task, it is certain that the

public will enjoy a better grade of this

(refreshing dish, ice cream, and that

dairymen Will be benefited through the

additional demand for cream to manu-

facture it. B.





PASTURING.





 





As there is no rough or waste land on

my farm, I do not have any permanent

pastures, but have my farm fenced off

into fields of uniform size, so I can change

my stock from one field to another at

will. While this is a labor saving propo-

sition it is not always the best thing

for the farm, because by having all the

farm fenced off into fields it is a great

temptation to sometimes turn into a

meadow and pasture it so long that the

crop for the next year is greatly short-

ened, if not nearly ruined. For a num-

ber of years I have kept a medium-sized

flock of sheep in connection with a small

herd of cows. In the spring of the year

these sheep were turned into the field to

be plowed for corn, and kept there until

the field was plowed. The sheep would

eat the grass off so close, that I became

convinced they were destroying more of

the humus content of the soil especially,

than their droppings amounted to in some

other fertilizing material. So I have dis-

posed of my flock of sheep, and will do

without them for a few years at least,

and see whether it will be as profitable

to run my farm Without them or not.



Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.





BOOK NOTICES.





 





Farm Friends and Farm Foes, by Clar-

ence M. Weed, gives in a' single volume

more definite information regarding in—

sect pests than can be found elsewhere.

The book is based upon the latest data

available, and embodies the recommenda—

tions of the United States Department of

Agriculture, of the special experiment

stations, and of hundreds of original in-

vestigators. Illustrated. Cloth. Price,

900. D. C. Heath & 00., Boston.





Fundamentals of Agriculture, by 31

specialists, under the general editorship

of James Edward Halligan, chemist in

charge. Louisiana State Experiment Sta—

tion. This book is of more than ordinary

interest and value. It treats of the soil,

plant life, fertilizing materials, farm

crops, trees, the garden, plant diseases,

insects and birds, live stock and dairying





feeds and feeding, and farm management. _





Cloth. Fully illustrated, 492 pages. Price,





‘ ------ wig—BBQ ;

. @‘Jéfigflmjkflmmgto ’-





 

 





   

 

     

 





 

   





 





—'-"“"(")LDEST LARGEST BEST \‘

1849 SIXTY-Two YEARS 1911.





OLDEST LIGHTNING ROD HOUSE IN THE VVOBLD.





. Makers of THE WORLD’S ”BEST LIGHTNING Ron



E This Rod has been longer in use, and has had a larger

sale, than any other Rod that was ever made.



It is made of the Choicest Materials only, which are

carefully selected and scientifically handled from the



' Ore to the finished Product.



= It is the most Costly Rod made and commands the



Highest Price.



‘ It has been the Standard for more than half a Century.



Hundreds of thousands in use Sixty-two years and



. Never Failed.



g Like other superior articles it is imitated and counterfeited.



it There are numerous cheap imitations on the market, but



‘ the GENUINE is fully protected by our TRADE MARK.



' Look for this . on all packages, and for C B F R

on the ' Coupling of every Rod Section.



RELIABLE AGENTS EVERYWHERE, FOR NAME AND



ADDRESS LOOK FOR “OUR FLAG” IN LOCAL PAPERS.





 





’uu





 





 





To every good builder, well informed feeder, Dairyman

or experienced owner of silos, our





IMPERISHABLE SILII





appeals strongly. Made from Patented Interlocking Vitrified

Clay Block: or fire clay, it cannot swell, shrink, crumble or

decay. Will not blow over. crack or absorb moisture. Hun-

dreds in use and not one has failed. Concrete is liable to

crack unless heavily re-inforced with steel, which makes it cost

more than the Imperishable. Concrete absorbs moisture and

causes ensilage to spoil next to the walls. In the “Imperish-

able,” Silage keeps perfectly clear up to the walls. ‘ _



Ask us for tree Booklet. '





IMPERISHABLE SILO C0.

HUNTINGTON. INDIANA.

—





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 





 





 





 





$1.20. D. C. Heath & Co.





When Writing to iAdvertisers please

Mention the Michigan Farmer.
m mauve-13“ v -..,





m...





64‘ (8)}

The Michigan Farmer





ESTABLISHED 1843.





Till-1 LAWRENCE PUBLISHING (1).,

muons AND rsonmons.





89 to 45 Congress Street West. Detroit, Iichigsn.

Tznmon Km! 45%.

le Yonx Grimm—41 Perk Bow.

CHICAGO Onion—600 First Nst'l. Bonk Bulldln .

01.3":me Cruel—10114015 Ore n Ave, N. .

(imp Bums Onion—5 so New swkinsanildlng.





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE............ . .......Pruidont.

M. L. LAWRENCE .... .. .Vioo-Pxeside‘nt.

E. H. HOUGHTON............... ...... .-Tmeu.





 





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E. YOUNG.................................}A-ociete





C





BURTWEBMUTH........................... Editors.

ALTA LAWSONLITT





E. H. HOUGKTON..................Buslne- Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

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ostpsld

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median subscription 50 cents s you extra for purists.





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registered letter or by ex rel. We will not be re-

sponsible for mono sent in otters. ddrees ell oom-

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RATES OF ADVERTISING:



. 40 cents per line caste measurement. or 05.60 per

inch, each insertion. with reesoneble d nt on

orders amounting to m or over. No sdv't inserted

for less than $1.21 per rt on.



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tisements inse st any price.



Entered as second class mstter at the Detroit, Michi-

gan postofloe.





COPYRIGHT l9ll

by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned

ainst reprinting any portion of the contents of

2319 issue without our written permission.





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brought against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice is sent to us, before suit

is started.





Avoid further trouble by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each issue,





a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription.

The Lawrence Pub. 60.,

Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





DETROIT. JULY 22. I9".





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The scourge of fire

which northern Michi-

gan has suffered during

the past fortnight is

such as to excite the sympathy of every

citizen who lives in more fortunate

environments. It is but a repetition of

many like disasters which have hereto-

fore occurred during seasons of protract—

ed drought, but fortunately attended with

less loss of human life than was at first

feared or than has marked the holocausts

of former years. The property loss, has

however, been heavy, owing to the total

destruction of the two towns of Oscoda

and Au Sable, and the more or less ser-

ious inroads of fire in othcr cities and





Forest Fires in

Michigan.





towns in the northern country. Doubt-

lcss this property loss will be further

augmented when full returns are se-

cured from the scattered and isolated





localities where settlers have lost their

homes and personal property, to say

nothing of the damage to standing tim-

her.



This unfortunate occurrence has again

demonstrated that the problem of con—

trolling forest fires has not yet been

solved in Michigan, notwithstanding the

fact that its solution is annually becom-

ing loss difficult owing to the fact that

repeated burnings in many sections have

practically cleaned up the refuse left by

the lumbermen in harvesting the timber

crop. It is a commonly heard remark

that the people of the stricken section

arc themselves largely to blame for the

situation by starting fires in a dry time,

and it is upon this theory that remedial

legislation has been attempted in some

instances. However. it must be remem-

bered that the burning of refuse is nec-

essary to the clearing of cut-over land,

and that this refuse will burn only when

it is dry. The settler cannot be expect-

cd to know that dry weather will con-

tinue indefinitely, and can scarcely be

blamed for improving a favorable op-

portunity for doing this kind of work. so

long as reasonable precautions are taktm

to prevent the spread of the fire, which

will usually be observed as a means of.

self protection. Then, fires are often

started along the railroads by sparks

from the engines, and in many other ways

which can scarcely be controlled by even

the most drastic legislation.



Attempts have been made in other sec-

tions, and in a. limited way in Michigan,





» pioyed may





THE}; MICHIGAN ‘PAfi-MBR. ~~





to control 'the fire situation by meensbf

patrolling the forest territory, and in

some cases the forest rangers so em-

have been the means of

checking incipient fires that otherwise

would have developed into destructive‘

conflagrations. However, the inadequacy

of. this means to the desired end will-be

appreciated‘ by all who are acquainted

with the conditions in recently lumbered

areas where the brush and refuse timber

is left lying about to feed the flames,

which, when once started are beyond the

power of man to control. It would thus

appear that any adequate solution of the

forest fire problem must deal with this

situation. It is not an easy problem to

solve by any means, but so long as con-

siderable areas of cut-over lands are

allowed to remain as the lumberman

left them, forest fires will not be uncom-

mon during’dry seasons. Doubtless the

dangers may be lessened by wise legis-

lation and rigid enforcement of laws cal-

culated to reduce the danger to a mini-

mum, but the real solution will lie in the

rapid settlement of the cut-over lands

of the state which are most valuable

from an agricultural standpoint, and per-

haps the placing of some obligation On

the lumbermen as to the condition in

which they leave the lands after cutting,

as well as the exercise of suitable pre-

cautions against the spread of destructive

fires on state owned lands. Such a. course

will also hasten the day when the re-

forestation propaganda, which has so

many enthusiastic supporters at the pres-

ent time, will become generally prac-

ticable.

The accounts of the

Too Little Interest annual ‘school meet-

in the Schools. ings, held in various

sections of the state,

as reported in the local papers, reveal the

fact that as a general proposition, far

too little interest is taken in this event

by the citizens of the average locality. It

is rcfrcshing. however, to note exceptions

to this general rule, and to read of

school meetings at which there was a.

large attendance of interested citizens.

Such a tendency is an indication of pro—

gressiveness which speaks well for the

future of any community. In such cases

good schools will uniformly be found, and

while all of the citizens of a community

may not and generally will not agree as

to matters of school policy, after they

have threshed out their differences at

the annual school meeting they are apt

to be far better satisfied with the result

than is the case where a few conserva-

tive economists have been left in con-

trol of the situation to conduct the school

as economicallyas possible, regardless of

the important factor of efficiency.



But in such cases, the citizens who did

not attend the school meeting have no

right to complain. If they have neglectg

ed their duty and shirked their responsi—

bility in this important matter they

should not criticize the manner in which

the schools of their community are con-

ducted. The better method of procedure

Would be to take a quiet but active in-

terest in the matter of working up a

general sentiment in the community for

the betterment of‘the schools, and be on

hand at the annual school meeting next

year to give that sentiment expression.

The public schools of Michigan should

not be lightly spoken of and it is far from

our intention to belittle them in any

manner. They have done a grand work

and" are still doing it. But owing to

changed conditions, their average at-

tendance has decreased to a marked de—

gree in recent years, and their efficiency

has perhaps been but barely maintained,

when it should have been improved in

many ways. In fact, we believe that the

average efficiency of our rural schools is

bound to be greatly improved, and as the

school laws of the state now allow to the

individual community the greatest lati-

tude in the method of bringing about

such improvement, the problem is largely

a local one in every community, and a

general local interest is required to bring

about a desired degree of improvement in

any case. It is for this reason that we

would emphasize the importance of giving

the rural school problem careful and ser-

ious consideration, to the end that the

foundation of the progress or American

agriculture and the preservation 0f Am-

erican citienshlp upon the highest plane

may not be neglected through default.

At a hearing

recently held by

a congressional

sub-committee for the purpose of giving

the opponents of the parcels DOSt an op-

portunIty to present their objections. the

expected opposition from representatives

of country merchants, hotels, real estate





Parcels Post Prospects.





- went





men and others who, were alleged to be





’opposed to the proposition, did not ma-





terialize, for Which reason the hearing

was quickly concluded. A recent dis-

patch from Washington states that of

the. dozen persons who appeared before

the committee, eight were hardware mer-

chants, besides whom there were one

farm implement dealer. one wholesale

merchant, one commercial traveler and

one editor of a merchant’s trade journal.

This lack of a showing of those who op-





pose the establishment of a parcels post_





should go far toward the placing of the

opposition to such a, move where it right-

ly belongs when the proposition again

comes before congress. This alone, should

be a great aid in securing the passage of

a. general parcels post bill.





There is also a good prospect that the





«establishment of a parcels post by the





present congress will be strongly urged

by the administration. This prospect is

reflected in the recently reported action

of Postmaster General Hitchcock in is-

suing an order which will increase the

salaries of rural carriers from $900 to

$1,000 on routes of standard length, with

proportionate increases for carriers on

shorter routes. An appropriation of 84.-

000,000 was made by the last congress for

this purpose, but its expenditure was left

to the discretion of the Postmaster Gen-

eral. - It is said by those who are in

close touch with the situation that the

increase has been granted in view of the

probable establishment of a parcels post,

which would greatly increase the work

of the rural'carriers. It is certain in

any event that the fight for an adequate

parcels post will be continued with vigor

during the coming regular session of

congress, and we believe that there is

a better prospect of success than ever

before. ' '





Under an .agreement

reached last week by

the several factions in

the United States

Senate, the first act in the Canadian recl-

procity drama will be closed before this

issue reaches the reader. By the terms

of that agreement, the bill will come to

a vote on July 22, and while it is possible

that complications may arise before that

event occurs, the present prospects are

that the bill will be passed in its present

form, as all attempts to amend it have so

far failed. But whatever the final‘action

of our congress, public opposition to the

pact in Canada has been growing,

fostered by the many and varied

claims of our administration that it will

be beneficial to the farmers of the United

States as well as the other interests in—

volved. It is freely prophesied by public

men of prominence in Canada that it will

not be passed by the Canadian parliament

without long discussion, and possibly not

without an election in which this pact

will be the issue and through which the

will of the Canadian people will be

voiced.



Be that as it may, however, in the

event of the approval of the pact by our

congress, its effect will be discounted, as

indeed, we believe it already has been to

no small degree. It appears to be re-

flected in the recent downward trend of

our wheat market, and the large increase

in the visible supply of that grain, which

would indicate that holders of wheat are

marketing the grain with unusual free-

dom for this season of the year, and it

may be expected to exert a notable in-

fluence in other markets as the season

progresses.





The Close of the

First Act.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





National.





At the recent elections held in Utah

when no cities voted on local option, 87

of the municipalities voted "dry.”



The United States senate has agreed

to vote upon the Canadian reciprocity

bill on Saturday of this week, and the

special session of congress will end on

August 7. ‘



Rains last week put an end to further

danger of forest fires in Michigan. The

cities of Oscoda and Au Sable on the 0p—

posite banks of the Au Sable river where

that stream flows into Lake Huron, were

practically wiped out by flames last Tues-

day. Smaller fires were reported in most

of the counties composing the northern

half of the lower peninsula, and but for

the timely rains a grave situation would

have developed, since every combustible

material was dried thoroughly and would

have made fighting the flames exceeding-

ly hazardous.



The precipitation of .moisture over the

southern part of Michigan on Saturday

and Sunday last was the salvation of

crops in many sections and undoubtedly

saved to the farmers millions of dollars.



Seven persons were hurt in a wreck

when the Buffalo and Pittsburg fiyer

into a. ditch near Farmersville,





N. .

The Rio Grande river is flooding its

banks, owing to heavy rains along its





JULY? 22,1911. g





course. Houses have been 'wss‘he'd, away

in someof the Mexican border. towrz:



The post office department after ok-

im; tests of postal savings banks in sec-

end-class post offices has decided, be-

cause of the success accompanying the

experiments so far, to try depositories

in first-class offices, so banks will be es-

tablished in New York, Chicago, St. Louis

and Boston.



The confederate and federal soldiers

will likely hold their next reunion to:

gether; commanders having the matter

in charge will take active interest in

inaking arrangements for such a. gather-

us.



The Saginaw common council will con—

sider a milk ordinance this week looking

toward the substitution of milk bottles

for milk cans as containers for the dis-

tribution of milk to city patrons.



Because of the contention that Long

Island Sound is a. menace to New York

from a. strategic standpoint the naval de-

partment has planned to give naval men

a chance to try out the arguments by

having a battle between details of the

Atlantic fleet at Gardiner’s Bay, which

is at the eastern extremity of Long

Island.



_The measure providing for the publica-

tion, previous to election, of all expenses

incurred by candidates for office was

passed by the U. S. Senate on Monday.

Some important amendments, making

the measure the most drastic that has

yet been drawn, were made by the





Senate, thus making the concurrence of,





the House necessary to its final enact.—

ment. ‘



In compliance with the new state law.

Dr. Dixon, secretary of the state board

of health, has notified all railroads,

steamship lines and other companies who

have for their purpose the conveyance of

the public, that after July 20 they must

discontinue the use of public drinking

cups in their conveyances or places of

business.



The government began suit, on Mon-

day of this week, to compel a. bona fide

dissolution of the Reading Railway Com-

pany from the Reading Coal CompanY.

This action parallels a recent one against

the Lehigh Valley railroad and is the

government’s second move in its new

fight to separate the coal carrying rail-

roads from their virtual control of the

coal business.





Foreign.





Northern Luzon has been swept by a

typhoon which is considered the worst

that has visited that part of the world

in years. Details have not been com-

municated because of the bad condition

of cables and wires in the path of the

storm and vessels were unable to enter

the harbor of Manila.



It is stated through news from Paris

that 2,300 persons have died of cholera

in Palermo, Italy, since May. Although,

the disease has been raging there, news

of its work has been suppressed and 'kept

from the world, as it was'feared'1l1at





knowledge of it would greatly diminish:





the number of visitors to It in.



In Mexico the new regime is having

some difficulty in establishing its up—

pointees in local sections where the senti—

ment for Diaz was strong; however, it

seems that progress is being made and

that in time the federal and local State

governments will be running smoothly.

The massacre of Chinese at Torrens dur-

ing the closing days of the revolution is

likely to result in the exclusion of the

celestials from the republic—that episode

bringing the question to the front and

showing the attitude of the Mexicans t0~

ward the foreigners. The labor problem

is also pressing for consideration, the

standard of wages over the land being

below what laborers think it should be.

In many instances strikes resulted in vic—

tories for the wage earners, which are

encouraging others to try.



The Belgian aviator, Olieslagers, on

July 17, made a. monoplane flight of 388

miles without a stop, breaking the

world’s record for distance in an unin-

terrupted flight.





SOIL AND WHEAT SPECIAL TRAIN.





 





The Michigan Agricultural College, with

the co-operation of the State Millers'

Association, will run 8. Farmers’ Insti-

tute Train to be known as the “Soil and

\Vheat Special,” through Southern Mich—

igan during the first two weeks in

August. The train will consist of three

coaches in which short lectures on sub-

jects relating to wheat culture will be

given, and four express cars in which the

exhibits will be displayed. The lectures

will treat of the best methods of handling

the soil so that it will produce the maxi—

mum yield of wheat. The average yield

of wheat in Michigan is less than one-

half of that secured by the best farmers.

Such other topics as manures and fer-

tilizers, varieties, and cultural methods,

including treatment for smut and other

troubles will be considered. There will

be a practical miller on the train who

will speak upon the qualities desired in

wheat by millers, and for which they can

pay the best prices. One of the lecture

cars will be for the ladies. It will be in

charge of an expert who will demonstrate

the handling of winter wheat flour for

making bread and pastry, with the idea

of extending the use of Michigan flour

made from Michigan wheat. The exhibit

cars will be used to illustrate the lec-

tures. Samples of soil handledin differ—

ent ways will be shown, also types of

varieties of wheat in grain and straw.

labor-saving kitchen utensils, farm libra-

ries, etc., will be shown. The State

Board of Health will so flt up a car to

illustrate the manner in which some of

the more dangerous communicable dis-

eases are spread, and methods of con-

trolling them. While the train is es-

pecially for those interested in wheat

culture every one will be welcome.



The full schedule of 'meetings to be“

held during the entire two weeks will be

published in the next issue.
nanny owns]





 





mama; 1911-. -





 





 





 





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





 





President—B. A. Holden, Wixorn.



Vice-Pres., J. D. Leland, Corunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Meta-

more.



Treasurer—Mrs. Lewis Sackott. Eckford.



Directors—A. R. Palmer, Jackson; Wm.

H. Marks, Fair Haven; C. L. Wright,

Caro; E. W. Woodruft, Blanchard; C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick. Hankerd,

Munith.





 





Associational Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.

Associationai Sentiment.—— .

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





YEARLY PROGRAMS.





Not a little originality is shown in the

development of the yearly printed pro-

gram by the local Clubs of the state that

have gotten into the excellent habit of

providing such a convenience for their

members. The latest of these printed

programs to come to the editor's desk is

that of the Odessa Farmers' Club, of

Ionia county. Instead of being in the

form of a booklet, which form is in most

common use by the local Clubs of the

state, this program is printed on heavy

embossed cards, three by five inches in

size. These cars are three in number,

are of different colors, have rounded cor-

ners and are tied together with a small

ribbon passed through holes punched for

the purpose in the upper left hand cor-

ner of the cards. The first, or title page

of the program as thus bound, bears the

name of the Club and the year for which

the program serves, together with the

names of the officers and the order of

business to be followed'at the meetings.

The regular date of the monthly meet—

ing is also given as the second Saturday

in each month, and announcement is

made of the fact that from October to

March, inclusive, the meetings are called

at 10 o’clock a. m., while from April to

September afternoon meetings are held,

thedeizheing called to order at two o’closk

p. m. , On thelxsucceeding pages of the

program, for which both sides of the

cards are Used, appear the programs for

the seVeral meetings of the Club, two of

which: are given on each page. The ques-

tions announced for discussion are uni—

formly of a practical or educational na-

ture, two questions being announced for

discussion at almost every meeting. In

each case the question is assigned to

some member for presentation to the

Club, while another member is designated

to lead in the discussion. In some cases

where the question is one which admits

of that form of debate a member is also

assigned to the task of presenting the

negative side of the question, thus in-

suring a degree of interest in the dis-

cussions which could hardly be attained

by any other plan. ' The farms of the

members are apparently not generally

named, or if such is the case the farm

name is not used in the programs in con-

nection with the names of host and host-

ess, which appear at the head of each

monthly program. Roll call is responded

to in a variety of ways. as is customary

in many Clubs, thus giving this routine

feature of the meetings added variety

and interest. A feature of nearly every

monthly program which is worthy of‘

special mention is designated as “Read—

ing Course." Its place is uniformly near

the close of the program, after the dis-

cussions have been disposed of, and is

apparently a feature which is found to

add something of interest to the literary

portion of the programs of this Club. A

vacation is taken in July, and an annual

picnic is held in August, for which no

special program is given on the cards

which make up the yearly program of

the Club. Other special features of the

year’s work are confined to a young peo-

ple’s meeting in February, the program

for which is placed' in the hands of a

committee which is‘ announced in the

space for the meeting of that date. The

programs are made complete, including

the assignments for literary and musical

features. The calendar year is made the

fiscal year of the Club, but the officers

are elected at the November meeting at

the same time as the delegates to the

Associational meeting are chosen. The

program is well planned and well print-

ed. and is both serviceable and attrac-

tive. \





 





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Disduu Soil Fortillty.——The

Farmers’ Club,

held its June meeting at the pleasant

home of Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Pebbles.

The program consisted of music by our

male quartette, recitations and select

readings. As before announced, the sub-

ject for discussion was “Soil Fertility."

The discussion was opened by a paper

by Herbert Smith. He said the farmer

is beginning to see that he must buy

more of his fertility, must invest more in

potash, phosphorus» etc. Mr. Smith said

the two points he would emphasize are

“deeper cultivation,”,and "putting some-

thing back to the soil every time.” Chas.

Ross followed. He said the first five

inches of soil would do for him, if prop-

erly handled. This would yield better

results with less labor and less fertilizer.

A large number took part in the discus-

sion. Rev. Knowles told of the methods

used in England to reclaim worn out

soils. Robert Ross spoke against the

idea that commercial fertilizer is simply

a stimulant. He said if you take white

sand with positively no fertility in it, it

can be made to produce a good crop by

adding commercial fertilizer. He had

learned this from actual experience and

while living in Florida where it is just

as necessary that the farmer buy fer-

tilizer as tools or seed. He said you

might say you stimulated a horse by

feeding him oats. The Club had pre-

viously decided to celebrate the Fourth,

but so many counter attractions appear-

ing, it was decided to give it up. Ad—

journed with music. The Club takes a

vacation this July and August.—Cor. Sec.





The Pioneer Meeting of the Hadley and

Elba Farmers’ Club, of Lapeer county,

held July 4, was the largest in the his-

tory of the Club. Nearly 200 partook of

the bountiful dinner and many came for

the afternoon. Short speeches on var-

ious phases of pioneer life were given as

follows: Schools, Mrs. E. J. Snook; So-

cial Life, Mrs. Bayley; M. E. Church,

Carl Bullock; Home Life, Rev. Barnum;

Farming, J. W'. Tower; Baptist Church,

R. J. Pierson. Annie Laurie was beau-

tifully rendered by Miss Alta He‘fflebow-

er. of Lapeer, and C. P. Johnson brought





 





Salem





the house down with his “Singin'

Skewle." Callithumpians, races, ball

games, etc., provided entertainment in





the afternoon and a beautiful display of

fireworks in the evening concluded one

festive day.—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Cor.

See.



A Profitable Picnic Meeting—The Wix—

0m Farmers' Club, of Oakland county,

held their second annual picnic at Wix-

0m, July 4. A large crowd was there.

Visitors from Saginaw, Flint and Pontiac

gathered with the Club to celebrate the

day. As the day was very warm the

grove opposite the hall was used to good

advantage. In the afternoon we listened

to recitations and music. Our president

read two letters on the reciprocity ques-

tion, one from our representative, S. W.





Smith, the other from Senator Charles

Townsend. A motion was made to give

Mr. Smith three rousing cheers for his





loyalty to the farmers on that question.

None were offered for Senator Town-

send. Two ball games were played by

the Milford and W'ixom teams, and the

field sports completed the program for

the day. Althoughvery warm and tired,

everyone had enjoyed a pleasant and

profitable day.—Mrs. R. D. Stephens, Sec.



Assyria Farmers’ Club met at the

pleasant farm home of Mr. and Mrs.

Ernest Dingman, June 24. Owing to the

fact that farmers were busy with their

haying there were only 80 present to par-

take of a most excellent dinner and list-

en to a fine program. Rev. Roy Wolf

gave us a short talk on "Farming in the

Upper Peninsula." He also talked on

the temperance question and the talks

were appreciated by all. Songs, instru-

mental music, recitations and readings

followed. J. M. Knapp, of Bellingham,

\Vashington, gave a very interesting talk

on his travels on the Pacific coast, which

was fine and very much appreciated.

Miss Greta Wolf favored us with a fine

oration. The Club adjourned to meet

with Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Brown the

fourth Saturday in July.~Mrs. John Hill,

Reporter.



Will Hold August Plcnlc.——-At the Feb-

ruary meeting of the Odessa Farmers’

Club, the resignation of A. E. Leigh as

vice—president was tendered, and accepted

with regret. Mr. Leigh moved to Danby.

Ernest Board was elected to fill the va-

cancy. In March Mrs. M. L. Foght, one

of our charter members, passed to t 9

great beyound. She was a faithful chri -

tian worker and leaves a large family to

mourn the loss of a mother and grand-

mother. April 15 we were called to

mourn the loss of Miss Mable Curtis,

our faithful young secretary, after an

illness of about one year’s duration. De-

ceased was the only daughter of Mr. and

Mrs. H. E. Curtis. Miss Alice V. Durkee

was elected to serve as secretary the

remainder of the year. On account of

illness and the excessive heat, together

with the fact that it was a very busy

time, no meeting was held in June, but

all are looking forward to the good time

to be had at the annual picnic to be held

the second Saturday in August. The

place of meeting has not been decided

upon as yet but we anticipate that it

will be in the grove at Lake Odessa.—

Lottie M. Durkee, Cor. Sec. ‘



The Ceresco Farmers’ Club met in July

with Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo Drake. There

were only about 50 present as the men

were detained because of the busy time

of the year. A very elaborate dinner was

served, after which the meeting was

called to order by President A. B. Mills,

followed by a prayer by the Rev. A. VVat-

son Brown, of Marshall. “America" and

the “Star Spangled Banner" were sung

by the Club and a history of the latter

was given with a criticism of the music.

gem: good literary numbers were ren-

ere .





of Washtenaw county,‘ '





THE 'MICHIGAN FARMER-





 





GRANGE .





u‘mAAAAMAAAAuAAA”A





Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





 





THE JULY PROGRAMS.





Suggestions for Second Meeting.

(Men’s Part).

Song. .



What is the best tool I use?



Which would be more profitable, a rid-

ing plow or a vacuum cleaner?



Solo, in pantomime.



W'hich would probably be the best in-

vestment, a hay-tedder, a manure spread—

er, or an acetylene' gas plant?



What would be the comparative advan-

tages of a set of reading-course books,

and a baseball and bat?



lf you had your choice,

choose an automobile or a

course, and why?



Review of the best farm paper I read.



Instrumental music.





(Women’s. Part).





would you

coHege





Duet.



Does education unfit girls for farm life?



Selections from the best woman's pa-

per or magazine I know.



What is the best drink to send to the

field with lunch on a hot day?



W'hat constitutes good and bad man-

ners at the telephone?



Illustrated reading.



(Good Things to Eat).



Custards (with samples) served by five

women.



\Vafers (with samples) served by five

men.





 





BOOST YOUR GRANGE.



Does not this heading rightly interpret

the slogan which I find on the letter-

head of Raisinville Grange? This slogan

in full is, “The Booster, Best Grange in

the State.” It is the ideal with which

this Grange down in Monroe county, in

the southwest corner of Michigan, start—

ed out at the beginning of 1911. They

are still working under this banner, in a

prosperous condition and are pulling to-

gether for the principles for which the

Grange stands. On the evening of June

21, 22 new members were added to this

Grange and, after initiation, a banquet

was served to 200. This makes a mem-

bership of 340 with the expectation of

making it 350 soon. A great picnic and

rally is' planned for August. The mem-

bers of Raislnville Grange claim that

they own and use the best Grange hall

in Michigan. I have seen the hall and

know of no one who disputes the claim.

The master is F. H. Kinsting, the lee-

turer, Mrs. Kate Klime, the secretary,

David “’eilnau.



Now, is that not a fine hot-weather

report for a Grange to make? No hint

of any summer vacation here. Letter

written on tasty, business—like letter-

head. Hall commodious, airy, inviting,

with stage for theatricals, musical in-

struments, good equipment, dining-room

and kitchen below, and a membership of

over 300. You do not need to ask if there

are young people in this Grange and if

they can be gotten to take part in the

meeting. You know there must be. and

that they are the life of the Grange.

You can fairly hear them sing and see





 





them do degree work with pride and

efficiency. in short, you know, without

my saying it, that here in very truth,





the Grange is serving as a SOciai center

and is doing well its part in country

community building.

JENNIE BUELL.

AMONG THE LlVE GRANGES.



An Auction Sale will be conducted by

“’ilson Grange, of Charlevoix county, a

committee to arrange for same having

been appointed at a recent meeting.



Six New Ones in Kalamazoo.#.\ meet-

ing of the newly organized Kalamazoo

Pomona for the purpose of completing

the organization and the transaction of

routine business will be held at Kalama-

zoo, Thursday, August 17. It is expected

that an open session will be addressed

by State Master Hull. Plans will also be

made for the future work of the organi-

zation. Through the efforts of Deputy





Pound six new Granges have been or-

ganized during the last few months. mak—

ing a total of ten subordinates in the

county. The Pomona ofiicers expect to

have the organization in shape to do its

share towards the entertainment of the

State Grange next fall.~—E. F. Stoddard.





School Matters occupied the attention

of Star Grange, of Gratiot county? at its

first July meeting. “What shall we do

with and for our small rural schools?”

was discussed by Messrs. Hale. Bailey

and VVitherell. They favored building

up the local schools to the highest ’poq-

sible standard as the surest and best

means of combatting the movement to-

ward the centralization of such schools,

such centralization being considered un-





 





(9) 65





desirable. In answer to the question, “Is

there‘adequate provision made for farm

children's play, at home and at school?"

the consensus of opinion seemed to be

that there is abundant room for advance-

ment along those lines.



Leelanau Pomona met at Empire, July

12, and held a good meeting. D. H. Day

and John 1. Gibson. president and secre-

tary respectively of the Western Mich-

igan Development Bureau, spoke on the

work being done by their organization.

Master N. P. Hull spoke on “Reciproc-

ity," D. E. McClure on ”Live to Help and

Help to Live," J. W. Warner on “Mam-

mon and Money.” A most entertaining

feature of the meeting was a paper pre—

pared and read thirty-one years ago by

Mrs. Harriette Fisher, now eighty-five

years of age. The paper was originally

prepared for and presented at an anni-

versary Grange meeting, and was read

on this occasion in a most vigorous voice

and pleasing manner.——Eva King, Sec.



Meritorious Programs.-—-Fruit Ridge





Grange is fortunate in having for its

present lecturer Former State Master

Horton. As a result this Grange is plac-





ing the standard for lecture work on a

very high plane, its programs so far this

year being models from which every lec-

turer in the state might easily glean

helpful suggestions. That this Grange

had a stirring patriotic meeting on July

1 is_ evident from the program which

Bro. Horton prepared for that occasion.

Space will not permit reproducing in its

entirety the neatly printed program

which bore a cut of “Old Glory" at its

head and the- words of the patriotic songs

used. The hall was appropriately decor-

ated in the national colors, each person

present was presented a miniature flag

for a lapel souvenir, and attention was

given to the seating of the audience in

order that the flag exercises might be

carried out with most pleasing and tell-

ing effect. Lecturers will be interested

in the make-up of the program‘proper,

which was as follows:



Patriotic medley, “Yankee Doodle" and

“America," piano and cornet, Lulu Rob-

erts and Evans Russell.



Singing “America” by the audience as

a closing to the above instrumental in-

troductory.



Introductory remarks, Sam \V. Horton.



“Song of a Thousand Years," Barnard

P. Thomas. Audience join in the chorus.



Grand entree and formal introduction

of George and Martha Washington.



Singing “Columbia the lem of the

Ocean," full children's chorus.



Introduction of George Washington,

Harry Hayward.



Introduction of

Mrs. Ada Snyder.



Cornet solo, “The Star Spangled Ban-





Martha Washington,





ner,” Evans M. Russell.



Address, “The farmer and his family

considered socially, industrially and in—

fluentially,” Hon. Henry C. Smith.



Song, Washington and Lincoln, Bar-

nard P. Thomas.



Clam Lake Patrons Rally in Spite of

Circus.





Clam Lake Grange held a very suc-

cessful rally on Thursday, July 13. The

day was fine. The grove in which the

meeting was held is located 31,9 miles

from the city of Cadillac and is an ideal

place in which to hold such a gathering.

A great circus, comprising 57 cars, had

taken possession of the city in the morn-

ing and people were gathering in

throngs, coming by train, in heavily load-

ed wagons, and in automobiles. Indeed,

it seemed that the rally must be .post-

poned but when we reached the grounds

we found a pleasant company in waiting,

though the hour was early.



In his address of welcome the master

said that they had arranged for the rally

and .advertised it before they knew of the

coming of the circus; that the circus had

made no offer to postpone their enter—

tamment and of course the Grange could

not give up the rally. The patrons pres—

ent liked his courage and vigorously ap—

plauded him.



Clam Lake Grange has a good choir.

composed of young people, and demon-

strates what might be done in many an-

other Grange if people would live up to

their privileges. A very interesting local





program .was rendered, consisting of

music, dialogues, recitations, etc., and

the writer gave an address on “The





Farmer of the Future."



Truly the Grange is a great institution.

a great part of “the school out of school”

for the men and women of the country.

——VV. F. Taylor.





 





“Grange Plays” is the title of a book-

let, recently received, designed as an aid

to ambitious lecturers who desire to at-

tempt something out of the ordinary in

preparing Grange entertainments. lts

contents comprise dialogues, recitations

and one-act plays compiled from high-

class publications and suited to the use

of Granges, literary clubs and young peo-

ple’s organizations generally. The com~

pilation of this 30-page booklet is the

work of the well known New York

Grange correspondent, J. W. Darrow, and

comes may be obtained through this pa-

per at the publisher's price of 25 cents





 





each.





COMING EVENTS.





 





 





 





Pomona Meetings.

_Berrien County Granges’ Annual Pic—





nic, at Hegman Park, Benton Harbor

Saturday, July 29. D. E. '

speaker. McClure, state





Lenawee Co. with German Gran

' , 8’6

Thursday, Aug. 3. Annual Grange rally.

Gratiot Co., with Arcadia Grange, Sat-

urday, Aug. 5. Miss Jennie Buell, state





speaker.



Charlevoix Co., with Boyne River

Grange, Thursday, Aug. 1 .



Kent Co. farmers’ annual picnic, at

John Ball park, Wednesday, Aug. 16.

Former State Master Horton, state

speaker.
.

<

j:

t

f.

t

,.





66 , (10)





g MARKETS _ ‘





 





 





-at 163,000,000 bushels.





MAJ





DETROIT WHOLESALE ' MARKET.





July 19, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.





Wheat.—Foreign crop reports for June

are all favorable to a good wheat crop.

Conditions in Canada are, over most of

the territory, flattering. There are 10,-

500,000 acres in wheat in the Canadian

provinces, 9,500,000 of which is in the

spring wheat district. This is an in-

crease of 1,200,000 acres, and the pros-

pects for a good yield are exceptionally

favorable owing to opportune rains which

have kept the ground well saturated ev-

er since seeding, and to temperatures

which have forced the crop forward with

some local exceptions, such as light

frosts reported in the Manitoba district

during the fore part of July. The Euro-

pean situation is also reported as good.

An increased area of wheat in the United

Kingdom promises an average yield.

France has a diminished area and Ger-

many a relatively small wheat crop, but

Spain is said to have an exceptional

crop. The Hungarian crop is estimated

In Roumania and

the Balkan states the prospects are bet—

ter than in average years. Medium re-

sults are expected in Russia, while Italy

has a prospect for better yields than last

year. In Argentina the new sown crop

is said to have germinated well under

the influence of timely rains, while in

British India the monsoon, which is the

necessary forerunner to a favorable seed

time broke in mid-June and heavy rains

have fallen over wide areas. Bearish

news which caused a slump in the mar-

ket last week was to some degree offset

by reports of black rust in. Minnesota

and frosts in the northwest on Tuesday.

but heavy marketings of winter Wheat

and a break in coarse grains prevented

any advance. Prices, are now on an ex—

port basis, and the future of the market

will depend on the condition of the spring

wheat crop. No. 2 red wheat closed‘in'

this market one year ago at $1.081/2. Quo-

tations for the week are: ‘





No. 2 No. 1



Red. \Vhite. Sept. Dec.

Thursday ...... 861/2 .84 .8914 .9314

Friday ........ 841/2 .82 . 871,42 .911,

Saturday ...... 85 .821/2 .871/2 .9111.

Monday ....... 851,4 .82-'7, .871/3 .911/2

Tuesday. ....... 85174 , .8234 .87142 .9114)





\Nednesday ‘ . . . .8414 81% 861/2 .901/13

. Corn.—-Heavy rains west of the Mis—

souri river, with timely showers in other

sections of the country where the grow—

ing crop was suffering severely from the

drought caused heavy selling of corn and

a sharp decline in this market on Tues-

day, ‘tollowing the advance of the pre—

vious“week. One. year ago No. 2 corn





sold in this market at 64%c. Quotations

for the week are: "



No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday 67% 681/2

Friday 68% 691/2

Saturday 68% 69%

Monday ...... . ........... 681,9 691/2

Tuesday . . . .............. 671/2 681,4,

Wednesday ............... 67 1/2 681/2





Oats—This market was affected by the

drop in corn, as well as the fact that

the crop is well beyond the effect of

weather conditions over a wide area of

the country. While the crop will be light

in some sections and official estimates

indicate that the season's crop will be

12.3 per cent less than the average for

the past five years, yet with a good crop

in other sections and prospects of a large

production in the Canadian northwest

the market declined three cents on Tues-

day. Standard oats closed at 471/50 in

this market one year ago. Quotations

for the week are:



Standard No.3





White.

Thursday ........ 50 491/2

Friday ............. . . . . . . 51 50%

Saturday ............... . . 51 50%;

Monday ............... . . . 51 50%

Tuesday ................. 4'7 461/2

\Vednesday . . . . . ......... 471/2 46%»





Beans.~—There has been no change in

this market during the. week, although

reports from the country indicate that

the last of the crop is moving from first

hands at $2 per bu. Current quotations





follow:



Cash. Oct.

Thursday ...... . . . ........ $2.20 $2.10

Friday .......... . .......... 2.20 2.10

Saturday ................... 2.20 2.10

Monday .................... 2.20 2.05

Tuesday ................... 2.20 2.05

\Vednesday ................ 2.20 2.05





Clover Seed.-——Quotations remain nom-

inal. it still being too early for crop pros-





pects to directly influence the market.

Current quotations are:



Prime. Oct. Alsike.

Thursday ........ $9.75 $9.50 $9.00

Friday .......... 9.75 9.50 9.00

Saturday ......... 9.75 9.50 9.00

Monday .......... 9.75 9.50 9.00

Tuesday .......... 9.75 9.25 9.00

\Vednesday ....... 9.75 9.50 9. 00





Rye—No. 1 is quoted at 770 per bu.

Market dull.

Visible Supply of Grain.





This week. Last week.



\Vheat ............. 29,153,000 26,518,000

Corn ............... 10,581,000 11,791,000

Oats ............... 12,061,000 14,308,000

‘Rye ................ 17,000 17,000

Barley ............. 767,000 817,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.





Noun—Market is slow with prices

steady. Quotations are:

Clear ...... $476

Straight A66

Patent Michigan . 4.90

Ordinary Patent 4.90





,





Facet—Corn products have advanced

strongly due to the recent rise in this!

grain. Carlot prices on track are: Bran,





$27 per ton; "coarse middlings, $26; fine





middlings, $28; cracked corn, $29; coarse

corn meal, $29; corn and oat chop, $20

per ton.



Hay and Straw.-—Outside quotations on





best timothy show a $1 gain. Mixed clo-

ver also higher. Straw holding last

week’s advance and steady. Quotations





on baled hay in car lots f. o. b. Detroit-

are: No. 1 timothy, $21@23; No. 2 tim-

othy, $20; clover, mixed, $19@20; rye

straw, $8.50; wheat and oat straw, $7.50

per ton. 4



Potatoes.—Recent rains have brought

an easier feeling in this market but

prices show no change. Old stock very

scarce and of poor quality. Quoted at

706180c per bu. in car lots. New, $1.85@

1.95 per bu.



Provisions.——Family pork, $17@17.50;

mess pork, $16.50; medium clear, $16@17;





smoked hams, 16@16174_;c; briskets, 10%

((111140; shoulders, 10%c; picnic hams,

9%c; bacon, 15@16c; pure lard in tierces





9c; kettle rendered lard, 10c per lb.





Dairy and Poultry Products.



Butter.-—Best .creamery is firmly hold-

ing last week’s advance while lower

grades and dairy butter have moved up

a cent. Market very firm. Quotations:

Extra creamery, 24c; firsts, do. 230;

dairy, 18c; packing stock, 17c per lb.



Eggs.+~1‘he percentage of eggs which

do not pass muster when placed before

the candle is running so large that the

quotation on current receipts has been

reduced a full cent. Demand good and

market steady. Fresh eggs, case count,

cases included, are quoted at 1435c per

dozen. , '



Poultry.——The supply shows something

of an increase this week but the demand

continues sufficient to hold the market

steady at former values which are sev-

eral cents inadvance. of. those ruling in

other big markets. Quotations are: Live

»—-—}lens, l3@14c old roosters, 100; turkeys

l4(q.15c; gcese, 8@9c; ducks, 12@13c; broil-

ers, 20((L21c per lb. . . , _'



Cheese.—Michigan, old, 170; Michigan,





late, 13@14c; York state, new, 131/5

(chic; Swiss domestic block, 16@1‘Sc;





cream brick,'13@14c.

Veal.—Market steady .at last week’s

advance. Fancy, 10%@11c; choice, 8_@9c

1161' lb. . - '

Fruits and Vegetables. '

, Cabbage—Steady. Selling at $2.75 per

bbl. for new. , .

Pineappies.—$3.50@3.75 per ease.

Currants.—In light supply and selling

at $3fi13510 per bu. for red. . .

-Biackberries.——Quoted at $1.50_@1.75 per

16—qt. case.

Cherries;—()fferings small.‘ Quoted at

$2012.25 per bu.

Raspberries—Little change in prices.

Offerings light and of inferior quality,

due to dry weather. Red, $4@4.50 per

bu; black, $1.50@1.75 per 16-qt. case.

Huckleberries.-—In fair supply but poor

in quality. Quoted at $1.75@2 per bu.

Gooseberries.-—Steady. Selling at $1

per 16-qt. case.

Apples.-New Michigan grown quoted

at $1@1.50 per bu.





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.





egg dealers are paying 15c for

fresh stock. with offerings light. Dairy

butter is worth 19c, creamery 24c. Live

t'owls are worth 10c. New hay, timothy,

is bringing $14@16. A few early Alexan—

der peaches were sold on the city market

Tuesday morning at 350 per small bas-

I’lums are also coming in a small way.

Selling at $3 per bu. Other fruits on the





Local





market range as follows: Blackberries,

$16P1.25; huckleberries, $1.75; red rasp-

berries, $1.75; black raspberries, $1.40;

cherries, $1.75; currants, $1.40; apples,

50c@$1. New home—grown potatoes are

still scarce, selling readily at $1.75 per





bu. Celery is worth 15c; sweet corn, 10c.

The mills are paying 77c for new No. 2

red wheat.





 





New York.



Butter.—Despite the fact that other big

markets remain unchanged from last

Week, conditions here have forced an

advance of a full cent on creameries.

Creamery specials quoted at 26@261/2c;

extras, 2560251/20.



Eggs—Market steady with stock. of

extra quality bringing slightly,hlgher

figures. Fresh gathered extras, 20@230;

firsts, 15(«16c; seconds, 131/2@141,éc; west-

ern gathered whites, l7((1)20c.





Poultry—Dressed —— Steady. Turkeys,





 





12611150; fowls, 11@16c; western broilers,

18@/23c.

Chicago.

“Meat—No. 2 red, 84%@85%c; Sept.





8794c; Dec. 90%c per bu





Corn—No. 2, 64@64l/2c; Sept, 6334c;

Dec., 60%c per bu. ,



Oats.~No. 2 white, 43(944c; Sept.

421/30; Dec., 4434.0.





Barley—Malling grades, $1@1.15 per

bu; feeding. 70@80c.



Button—Extra quality butter is scarce

and the market holds very firm on such

grades. Trade quiet in everything be-

low extras; prices unchanged; Quota-

tions: Creameries, 19@24c; dairies, 18@

220 per lb.



Eggs—Miscellaneous receipts of eggs

vary so in quality that the range in qua--

tations has been’ materially widened,

ill/QC being the top price for such offer—

ings and 5c the low mark. Better grades





remain unchanged. Quotations: Prime

firsts, 151éc; firsts, 141,40 per doz; at

mark, cases included, 5@11%c.





Potatoes—Receipts of new stock con-

tinue to increase and prices are slightly

lower. Old stock no longer quoted in

this market. Good to choice new now

selling at $4.25@4.75 per bbl.



Beans—Pea beans are holding firm at_

recently advanced figures. Red kidneys





 





\





are quoted higher this week. Choice

hand-picked pea beans; are;.:quoted at

$2.28@2.32 per bu; prime, $2.10@2;20; red

kidneys, $3.50@3.85 per bu. ‘



Hay and Straw.-—-Another advance of

$1 per ton on all grades of hay is re-

corded. Market flrme Straw unchanged.

Quotations: Choice timothy, $25@26;

No. 1 timothy, $22.50@24; No. ’2 do. and

No. 1 mixed, $20@21.50; No. 3 do. and

No. 2 mixed, 16.50@18; rye straw, $8@

8.50; oat straw, $6.50@7; wheat straw,

$6@6.50 per ton.





....-——-—- n





Boston.





Wool—Stagnation is the word that is

still being generally employed in describ-

ing the condition of the market, although

there is some movement of stocks to the

mills and light purchases are being made

in a few of the growing sections. Some

new territory wools are reported to have

.been purchased on a basis of 45@48c

clean in Boston. But. sales of territory

are being made in odd lots and fleece

wools are in limited demand. The lead-

ing quotations range as follows: Ohio

and Pennsylvania fieeces—Delaine wash-





ed, 29@300; XX, 27@28c; fine unmer-

chantable, 21@22c; %—blood combing, 25

@260; %-blood combing, 24%@25%c; 14-





blood combing, 24c bid; delaine unwashed

24@25c; fine unwashed, 20@21c. Michi-

gan, New York and \Visconsin fleeces—

Fine unwashed, 18@19c; delaine unwash-

ed, 23%@24c; 1/2--blood unwashed offered

at 25c. Kentucky, Indiana and Missouri

~-—%-blood offered at 24c; 14-blood, 23@

24c.





Elgln.



Butter—Market firm at 24c per _lb.,

which is last week’s quotation.

for the week, 1,023,400 lbs., as compared

with 1,079,000 lbs. for the previous week

and 1,073,334 lbs. for the corresponding

week of last year.





.____. __





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Buffalo.

July 17, 1911.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as‘ follows:

Cattle, 155 cars; hogs, 11,200; sheep and

lambs, 8,000: calves, 1,800.



\Vith 155 loads of cattle on our market

here today, and 26,000 reported in Chi-

cago, everything of good qualityvof all

grades sold strong with last week; All

others sold weak to 15c, and in many in—

stances 25c per cwt. lower. Strange to

say, with 155 cars on this market, there

wasn’t a single load of prime cattle here

today. -



\Ve quote: Best 1,350 to 1,600-lb. steers,

$6.50@6.65; good prime 1,200 to 1,350—lb.

steers, $6.15@6.40; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb.

shipping steers, $5.50@6.10; medium

butcher steers, 1,000 to 1,100, $5.10@5.50;

light butcher steers, $4.60@5.15; best fat

cows, $4.75fi5.25; fair to good do. $3.50

@425; common to medium do; $3@3.50;

trimmers, $1.50@2.75; best fat heifers,

$5.50@5.75; good do. $4.85@5.25; fair to

good do. $4@4.75; stock heifers, $3.25@

3.50;'.best feeding steers, dehorned, $4@

4.25; common feeding steers, dehorned,

$3@3.25; best butcher and export bulls,

$4.50@5; bologna bulls, $350654; stock

bulls, $3603.25; best milkers and springers

$5561.60; common to good do. $206030.



Good milkers and springers from $3@5

higher. Common kind hard to sell at

satisfactory prices.



Today's hog market ruled active with

prices generally about the same as the

close of last week. The bulk of the good

quality yorkers, mixed, medium and

heavies selling at $7.15, with some of the

commoner grassy grades running around

$761705. The light yorkers sold mostly

at $690627, and pigs generally at $6.80

((16.85, with the strong weight choice

quality up to $6.90. The good kind of

rough sows went mostly at $6606.05; stags

around $4.75@5.25. Everything sold;

Market closing firm; a few choice quality

mixed selling late at $7.20. Indications

point to a fair trade for the balance of

the week.



The lamb and yearling market opened

steady today, and sheep active. The

most of the choice spring lambs selling

from $7.25fr.‘7.50. Yearling lambs, $5.50@

5.75; few choice handy wethers selling at

$4.25fi4.50. Prospects steady for sheep

the balance of the week. '



\\’e. quote: Best spring lambs, $7.25@

7.50; wethers, $4.25@4.50; cull sheep, $1.50

(1)3: bucks, $2.506L‘2.75; yearling lambs,

$5.50fi 5.75; handy ewes, $3.50@3.75; heavy

do. $3613.25: veals, choice to extra, $8.50





 





@875; fair to good do. $7@7.50; heavy

calves, $3.50@4.50.

Chicago.

_ July 17, 1911.



. , Cattle Hogs Sheep

Received today ...... 26,000 34,000 22.000

Same day last year..26,392 22,767 34,099

Received last week..58,601 112,023 88,517





Same week last year.56,516 102,348 108,570





The week opens with a liberal supply

of cattle, and buyers are discriminating

against lots that are not fat, all ordinarv

lotsbeing- slow of sale, even at a decline

of about 100. Fat steers are fairly active

at steady. prices. Hogs are active at an

average advance of 5C. buyers operating

freely at $6.20686.90, these figures being

little different from those paid Monday a

week ago. Pigs are selling anywhere

from $5" to' $6.50, according to quality,

with! the heaVier pigs selling the highest,

as usual. ‘Boars are taken at $250603,

while s‘tags sell for $6.25@7.25, the heavier

ones going highest, and all stags selling

subject to 80 lbs. dockage per head. More

mixed lots of hogs are showing up, and

there is a widening tendency in prices,

dry sections sending in many hogs that

lack quality. The hogs marketed here

last week averaged 230 lbs., compared

with 245 lbs. a year ago and 224 lbs. two‘





Output.





 





years .ag‘o. The sheep ahdfiirfib‘TMrket

was active and firmer- .Ier: ftdmt with

spring ' lemme salable at, 'Mfi'llli for

culls to prime lots.





$2@3 and yearlings at $4.25@5;50. . There

was a sale of four double-decks of‘Idaho

range yearlings that averaged around 90

lbs. at $5.25, and the first Idaho range

lambs of the season arrived, there being

twenty double-decks, mainly'of medium,

quality.



Cattle were marketed last week much

too liberally, the largely increased offer-

ings coming at, a highly unfavorable

time, as the hot weather checked the

consumption of beef materially through-

out the country. By the time that the

decline culminated cattle were on an av-

erage 15@35c lower than a week earlier,

with the bulk of the week’s sales of beef

steers at a range of $5.50@6.70. The

choicest beeves went at $6.50@7, the top

comparing with $7.05 the preceding week,

the decline being least marked in the

best cattle, as they formed but a mod-

erate share of the receipts. The. com-

moner order of light, grassy steerswent

at $4.70@5.50, while exporters purchased

good to choice cattle at .$6@6.50. Good

to prime little yearlings brought .$5.90@

6.95, prime Hereford steers and heifers

that averaged 813 to 861 lbs. going at the

top price. Drought-stricken regions have

been shipping large numbers of grassy

cattle, especially to Missouri river mar-

kets, and sections farther north have

been forced to sacrifice large numbers

for the same reason. Buthering cattle

shared fully in the decline, coWs and

heifers selling at $3.30@6.10, cutters at

$2.75@3.25, canners at $1.75@2.70 and

bulls at $2.85@5.40. Stockers and feeders

have been offered at extremely low val»

ues, with liberal offerings, and the .de-

mand is starting up from some .quarters,

but trade cannot be called .large yet.

Stockers are selling at $3@4.65; feeders

at $4@5.25 and stock and feeder cows

and heifers at $2.75@4.50. The great

bulk of the stocker and feeder cattle

sold much below the highest quotations,

strictly good 500 to 600-lb. stock steers

selling at $3.75@4.15, and few country

buyers were willing to pay above $4.75

for the best feeders. Calves reached still

lower levels, selling at $2.75@7.25 per 100

lbs., and milkers and springers had a

somewhat better outlet at $30@60 per

head. The time is now approaching

when the demand for milch cows usually

undergoes improvement, and already sec-

tions that have been visited with good

rains are sending in buying orders.



Hogs, like cattle and sheep, were mar-I

keted with greatly increased freedom

following the much lowered supplies fur-

nished for Fourth of July week, and this

made weak and lower prices at times,

especially when eastern shippers operat-

ed less freely than usual. Monday was

by far the great day of the' week for-the

shipping trade, and about 9,500 hogs ,were

shipped from here on that 'day.‘ ‘The

market showed a rallying tendency 'usu-

ally after sharp declines ‘inwpricesk'and

choice hogs were first ,to'Y'feel {the-Effects

of a quickened demand; asi‘usual. The

average grading of the hogs marketed

was very good, and there was .a strong

demand for the choicest lots of ‘hog‘s of

light and medium ,weights, while rough,

heavy packing lots went lowest of all,

there being a wide spread in values.

Stags sold at a good premium and pigs

at a marked discount, prime barrows

weighing 180 to 250 lbs. being great fav-

orites. The packers have been manu-

facturing provisions freely of .late, and

stocks in the five principal western mar-

kets on July 1 aggregated 320,931,000 lbs.,

compared with 299,473,000 lbs. a month

earlier and 197,996,000 lbs. 3. year *ago.i

Stockmen are advised to not hold their

hogs after tney weigh much more than.

225 lbs. '



Sheep and lambs have been selling un-'

satisfactorily so far as the great bulk of

the offerings were concerned -fpr a week

past. The percentage of prime spring

lambs was small, as usual, and thin lots

averaging 38 to 48 lbs. sold extremely

low. The packers continued .to .receive

large numbers of lambs direct from

Louisville, and this causedvlocal killers

to pursue quite an independent course,

making a weak market much of the

time. As usual, the percentage ,of fed

sheep showing up was small, but some

good sized range shipments of yearlings

were offered, being largely of the feeder

class. .Idaho range spring lambs have

been received at Omaha and sold at good

prices, most of them going at '$7.15@7.35

per 100 lbs. Dry weather has'been forc-

ing great numbers of fed .stock on the

market.



Horses were marketed in normal num-

bers last week, following extremely small

supplies and a poor demand during

Fourth of July week, and the auctions

were resumed. after being -temp0rarily

abandoned. Buyers were present in good

numbers, and the demand was quickened

a good deal by the unusually large num—

bers of horses that succumbed to the ter-

rific ‘heat in recent weeks. -The Knicker-

bocker Ice Company, which lost 200

horses from the hot weather had a good

buying order on the market, and so.-did

the Arthur Dixon Transfer, Company,

which had 267 horses burned aliv,e,_in a

recent fire. Small nufimb’ers“ of good

drafters have been selling at ’$200@225

per head, while a cheaper'clas’s sold free-

ly at $165fl195, while wagenersseld at

$125@160 and inferior horses at $75@100.

Most of the drivers sold for $125@190, and

several six-year-old mares brought $145





@185. Pairs of work horses brought $330

@ 400. Good horses averaged ' $5@15

higher. , F. .





 





Investigation goes to show that sheep-

men who look after the mutton end of

the industry are making good profits in

many instances, while those Who rely

chiefly on wool are losing. HThe': business

of having large "crops" of lambs ~.9~nd

fattening the wether lambsand some 0‘

the ewes lambs is generally paying.





 





'Eweeiare salable at '

$2@4.25, wet-hers at $3.5o@5.25, “budks'at «





\





 

   

   

 





 





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ay-
by «a .PT





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, Eatingzsgiiong _

This 18; rue LAsT' ’ eel-non. .





I





 





In ‘ the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock nurkets‘ are reports of last week:

all other markets are right u to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stoc markets

are given in the last edition; The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for ThursdaY’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You’

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.

July 20, 1911.

Cattle.





Receipts, 822. Good grades active; oth-

ers steady at last week’s prices.



_We quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.50@5.75; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $4.75@5.25; steers and heifers, 800

to 1,000,~-:$4.25@5; grass steers and heif-

era that are fat, 800 to 1,000, $4.25@5;

do. 500 to 700, $3.25@4; choice fat cows.

$4@4.25; good fat cows, $3.50@3.75; com-

mon cows, $3@3.25; canners, $1.75@2.75;

choice heavy bulls, $3.75@4; fair to good

bolognas, bulls, $3.50@3.65; stock bulls,

$3693.50; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1,000, $4.50@4.75; fair feeding steers, 800

to 1,000,- $3.75@4.25; choice stockers, 500

to 700, $4@4.25; fair stockers, 500 to 700,

$3.50@3.75;,stock heifers, $3@3.50; milk-

ers, large, young, medium age, $40@55;

common milkers, $25@35.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Goose 3 cows av

840 at $3.25, 3 butchers av 716 at $4.25;

to Sullivan‘P. Co. 12 steers av 1,046 at

$5.25, 5 butchers av 836 at $4.25, 4 do av

575 at $4, 5 do av 944 at $3.90, 1 canner

weighing 750 at $2.25, 3 bulls av 847 at

$3.60; to Mich. B. Co. 20 steers av 1,137

at $5.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 6 cows av

863 at $2.75, 1 bull weighing 1.,160 at

$3.75; to Hammond, S. & Co. 9 butchers

av 800 at $4.25, 11 steers av 938 at $5, 10

do av 950 at $5.10, 1 canner weighing 770

at $2; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 bull weigh-

ing 1,080 at $3.75; to Marx 2 cows av

850 at $3.75, 1 heifer weighing 720 at

$4.60; to Regan 5 do av 520 at $3.75, 4

do av 575 at $4, 2 do av 575 at $3.50; to

Kamman 3 butchers av 800 at $4.90, 1

bull weighing 980 at $4, 1 heifer weighing

780 at $4.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,350 at $3.75, 4 butchers av 805

at $4.50, 4 cows av 945 at $3.25, 2 steers

av 915 at $4.75; to Mich. B. Co. 16 steers

av 1,155 at $5.50, 7 do av 771 at $4.50; to

Breitenbeck'z cows av 1,170 at $4, 2 do

av 885 at $4.50; to Rattkowsky 6 do av

1.035 at $3.75, 2 do av 875 at $3.50; to

Mich. '13. 'Co.‘ 21 butchers av 974 at $5.25;

to Mason 3 do av 810 at $3.75; to Parker,

1V. Sago. 1 bull weighing 930 at $3.50,

1 cow weighing 1,000 at $3, 2 do av 910 at

$2.75; to""_Hamrnond, S. & Co. 13 butchers

avssoaazs. , .. . .



.fla,lem?lmM.,sol’d Coose 20 butchers av

3963.93 .605' 10.,Ray 12 feeders av 822 at

$4.65; to Regan 2 heifers. av 625 at $3.95;

to Parker, W. & Co. 2 bulls av 1,025 at

33.80.; to Applebaum 3 butchers av 843 at

$4.10, 2.;oows av 1,050 at $4; to Schuman

1 builtweighlng 750 at $3.70. 1 steer

weighing 770 at $4.10, 1 do weighing 830

at $4.70, 9‘vbutchers av 744 at $4.40: to

Regan 4v-do av 6.20 at $3.75; to Applebaum

1 bull weighing 640 at $3.35, 1 cow weigh-

ing 820 at $3.25, 1 steer weighing 700 at

$3.75; to Lachalt 10 butchers av 837 at

$4.60, 2 do av 825 at $4.40; to Sullivan P.

Co. 8 do av 611 at $3.60; to Mich. B. Co.

9 do av 766 at $4.10.



Spicer & R. sold Goose 9 bulls av 595

at $3.50, 6 butchers av 413 at $3.25, 1 cow

weighing 1,150 at $3.25: to Hammond, S

& Co. 30 butchers av 810 at $4.75; to

Breitenbeck 6 cows av 910 at $4.50, 2

heifers av 690 at $4. 8 butchers av 885

at $4.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3

butchers av 593 at $3.85, 5 (10 av 850 at

$4.40, 1 bull, weighing 1,260 at $4; to

Parker, W’. & Co. 8 steers av 1,016 at

$4.75, 7 do av 824 at $5, 2 cows av 1,125

at $3.75.



Halstead sold Sullivan P. Co: 6 butchers

av 678 at $4.10, 1 heifer weighing 950 at$5.

Veal Calves.



Receipts, 1,199. Market opened lower

than on Vi’ednesday; closing dull and 50(1)

750 lower. Best, $8@8.50; others, $4@

7.50: milch cows and springers steady.



Bishop, B. &.H. sold Parker, W. &

Co. 3 av 180 at $8.25, 12 av 160 at $8.75,

6 av 145 at $6.50, 15 av 150 at $8.25, 10 av

131 at $6.50, 7 av 165 at $8.50; to Goose

12 av 125 at $5.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 3

av 140 at $6, 20 av 155 at $8.70, 8 av 155

at $8.75; to Rattkowsky 12 av 140 at

$7.50, 5 av 250 at $5; to Burnstine 10 av

155 at $8.50, 3 av 168 at: $8.75, 13 av 145

at $7.75, 10 av 161 at $8.50, 2 av 160 at

$6; to Sullivan P. Co. 20 av 155 at $8.25,

3 av 220 at $5.



Spicer &' R. sold Rattkowsky 2 av 215

at $6, 14 av'150 at $8.50; to Applebaum

14 av 145 at $8.50; to Goose 2 av 115 at

$6, 21 av 150 at $8; to Rattkowsky 10 av

148 at $8, 3 av 212 at $4.50; to Burnstine

8 av 145 at $8.50, 10 av 167 at $8.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 16 av 140 at $8.25; to Park-

er, W. & Co. 17 av 150 at $8.25; to Goose

10 av 164 at $6, 4 av 145 at $8.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 6 av

133 at $8.25; to Thompson Bros. 21 av 145

at $8.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 12 av 155 at

$8.75, 3 av 140 at $6. .



Haley & M. sold Parker, Vin & CO. 22

av 170 at $8.75, 8 av 150 at $8, 6 av 155

at $8.75; to Goose 5 av 125 at $7.75, 2 av

230 at $6.50," 6 av 148 at $9.



sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av 112 at $7,

4 av 155 at $8.50.



Barnard sold Goose 13 av 140 at $7.50.



Boyle sold same 7 av 140 at $8.25.



Halsted soid’Sullivan P. Co. 3 av 180

at $4.75, 13 av'16.0 at 58-50-



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 2,579. Market 50c lower than

on Wednesday; 50@75c lower than last

week. Best lambS, $6.50@6.75; fair to





 





- ; THE. ; MICHIGAN FARMER. ,





‘good lambs, risotto: light to common





lambs, $4@4.50; yearlings, “@450; fair

to good sheep, $3.50@3.75; culls and com-

mon, ”@325.



Spicer & R. sold Mich. B. Co. 9 lambs

av Gfiat $6.50, 14 do av 66 at $7.25, 23 do

av 68 at $7, 7 yearlings av 105 at $5, 12

sheep av 120 at $3.25, 91 lambs av 75 at

$6.75; to Newton B. Co. 26 do av 68 at

$7, 25 mixed av 80 at $4; to Hayes 3 sheep

av 75 at $2, 17 lambs av 70 at $6.50; to

Newton B. Co.' 7 sheep av 110 at $2.50;

to Young 13 lambs av 67 at $5.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Eschrich 24 year-

lings av 80 at $4, 5 do av 104 at $4, 5

lambs av 70 at $7; to Breitenbeck 42 do

av 70 at $7, 19 do av 50 at $5; to Fit-

patrick Bros. 7 do av 75 at $7, 49 do av

67 at $7, 19 do av 90 at $5.25; to Mich.

B. Co. 9 yearlings av 140 at $4.25, 14

do av 145 at $4, 5 lambs av 80 at $7.50;

to Young 13 yearlings av 105 at $5, 34 do

av 75 at $5.25; to Mich. B. Co. 47 lambs

av 68 at $7.25; to Newton B. Co. 9 sheep

av 70 at $3, 70 lambs av 60 at $4; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 8 yearlings av 130 at $5; to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 6 sheep av 170 at $3.50,

10 yearlings av 80 at $5.25, 61 lambs av

67 at $6.75, 17 do av 55 at $6, 49 mixed

av 75 at $4.50, 49 sheep av 70 at $3.25;

to Harland 43 lambs av 65 at $6.50; to

Breitenbeck 51‘ sheep av 75 at $3.25; to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 12 lambs av 63 at $4;

to Thompson Bros. 22 sheep av 70 at

$2.50, 6 do av 125 at $3.50, 5 lambs a

63 at $6; to Sullivan P. Co. 17 do av

65 at $5.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 66

lambs av 65 at $6.50, 18 sheep av 75 at

$3.50; to Young 22 lambs av 67 at $6.50.



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 34 sheep

av 100 at $3.50; to Young 31 lambs av 70

at $7, 6 do av 60 at $6; to Mich. B. Co.

76 do av 67 at $7; to Sullivan P. Co. 10

sheep av 108 at $3.50, 130 lambs av 68 at

$7; to Barlage 20 do av 55 at $5, 96 do av

68 at $7.25.



Halsted sold Thompson Bros. 30 lambs

av 58 at $6, 1 sheep weighing 140 at $3.



Barnard sold same 39 lambs av 67

at $7.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 73 lambs av

58 at .



Boyle sold Sullivan P. Co. 14 lambs av

75 at $5, 1.2 sheep av 90 at $3.35.



Barnard sold same 21 sheep av 110 at

$3.50, 39 lambs av 68 at $7.



Torrey sold Newton B. Co. 10 lambs av

62 at $6





Hogs.

Receipts, 2,567. Market steady with

\Vednesday, 5@10c higher than last

Thursday.





Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.85; pigs, $6.65@6.70; light yorkers,

$6.85; roughs, $6.80@6.85.



Spicer &. R. sold Parker, \V. & Co. 385

av 190 at $6.85, 150 av 160 at $6.80.



Haley & M. sold same 215 av 190 at

$6.85, 140 av 160 at $6.80.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 230

av 190 at $6.85," 78 av 180 at $6.80, 63 av

165 at $6.65.



Bishop, 1}. & ll. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 850 av 175 at $6.85, 250 av 160 at

$6.80, 125 av l50'at $6.75.



Friday's Market.

1 July 14, 1911.

Cattle.





Receipts this week, 890; last week, 820.

Market (lull at Thursday’s prices.



We quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.25@5.75; steers and heifers. 1,000 to

1,200, $4.50@5.25; do. 800 to 1,000, $4.25@

5; grass steers and heifers that are fat,

80010 1,000, $4.25@5; do. 500 to 700, $3.25

((174; choice fat cows, $4@4.25; good fat

cows, $3.50@3.75; common cows, $3@3.25;

canners, $1.75@2.50; choice heavy bulls,

$3.75; fair to good bologna bulls, $3.50@

3.75; stock bulls, $3613.50; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1,000, $1.25@4.75; fair feed-

ing steers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@4.25; choice

stockers, 500 to 700, $4@4.25; fair stockers

500 to 700, $3.50@3.75; stock heifers, $3@

3.50; milkers, large, young, medium age,





*$40@50; common milkers, $25@35.





. Veal Calves-



Receipts this week, 900; last week, 817.

Market steady at Thursday's prices.

Best, $9@9.25; others, $5@8.50. Milch

cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.





Receipts this week, 1,091; last week.





1,009. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices. Best lambs, $7.25@7.50; fair to

good lambs, $661650; light to common





lambs, $4695; yearlings, $4.50@5; fair to

good sheep, $3.25@3.50; culls and com—

mon, $2@2.50. ‘





Hogs.

Receipts this week, 2,568; last week

2,042. Market 5@10c lower than on

Thursday. Range of prices: Light to

good butchers, $6.70@6.75; pigs, $6.60;

méhrztr yorkers, $6.70@6.75; heavy, $6.70

60 . o.





 





A, remarkable situation in regard to

beef cattle exists in the United States.

“Ohio, Pennsylvania and Kentucky have

marketed their fat cattle and eastern

points are not getting enough good cattle

to supply the ideal needs.” said M. F.

llorine, statistician of the Union Stock

Yard & Transit Company. “The charac-

ter of receipts at Missouri river points

shows the western supply has been clean-

ed up, which leaves Chicago about the

only place on the market map where buy-

ers can get adequate selection. That is

likely to be the case for a long time to

come. The present situation had its

origin in the drought conditions of last

summer, which forced all the regions

west and southwest of the Missouri river

to prematurely market young and grow-

ing stock, which was largely absorbed by

Illinois and surrounding states. Then fol-

lowed a magnificent corn crop and a

splendid winter feeding season, resulting

in abundance of fat cattle. The supply is

lasting much longer in the territory di-

rectly tributary to Chicago than either

east or west, simply because conditions

for a. year past have favored an abund-

ance of good cattle in thls‘territory, and

will make Chicago from now on until the





next crop is fed, the chief and almost

the only supply point for fat. cattle. Do-

mestic demand for beef is increasing. and

there will be a strong and constant de-

mand for beef of good quality. On the

other hand, the supply of stockers and

feeders in the country is short, and only

short grass and scant water is sending

them to market now. Adequate rains

during the remainder of the season and

another good corn crop will reveal the

shortage of growing cattle in the country

more sharply than at any time for 20

Years, and prices for both young and fat

cattle must almost certainly advance ma-

terially in the near future.”



Ohio, Indiana and Illinois stockmen

have been the largest buyers of stocker

and feeder cattle on the recent declines

in prices in the Chicago market. Farm-

ers in other sections have been disposed

to wait for their pastures to become re-

stored, following the recent rains.





 





 





GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CON-

DITIONS.





 





The month of June was decidedly un«

favorable for growing crops in most parts

of the United States. The aggregate

condition of all crops on July 1, was 10.7

per cent below the average condition,

whereas on June 1, conditions were only

2.8 per cent under average.



A comparison of the condition of var-

ious crop on July 1, with their average

growing condition on July of recent years

(past ten years for most crops) is shown

as follows (100 representing average con-

ditions and not normal).



Cotton, 110.2; lemons, 102.2;

100.5.



lice, 99.0; beans (dry), 98.1; apples,

97.6; pears, 96.3; grapes, 96.1; peanuts,

96.0; raspberires, 94.9; corn, 94.6; canta-

loupes, 944; Winter wheat, 94.3; sugar

cane 94.1; rye, 93.6; lima beans, 92.3;

flax, 92.1; watermelons, 91.6; tomatoes,

90.9; alfalfa. 90.8; all wheat, 89.6.



Onions, 88.9; sweet potatoes, 88.3;

sorghum, 88.0; blackberries, 87.9; hemp,

86.2: cabbage, 85.0; tobacco. 84.4; pota-

toes, 84.1; spring wheat, 84.1; broom corn,

82.2; barley, 82.0.



Oats, 79.7; timothy, 76.1: pasture, 75.9;

peaches. 75.6; hay, all kinds, 74.7; kafir

corn, 74.6; clovcr hay, 72.2; millet, 69.1.



The above figures relate only to rela-

tive growing conditions, not taking into

account changes in acreage.



Taking into account both acreage and

condition. indications are that the wheat

crop will be 1.4 per cent larger than the

average production of the past five years,

corn 4.9 per cent larger, oats 12.3 per cent

less, barley, 11.6 per cent less, potatoes

10.8 per cent less, tobacco 22.7 per cent

less, flax 10.5 per cent more, rice 5.8 per

cent more than the average production

of the past five years.



The average condition of all crops in

the aggregate, by states, on June 1, was

approximately as follows. 100 incidating

the .average (not normal) for recent

years on June'l.



Maine. 95.8; New Hampshire, 94.8; Ver-





oranges,





mont, 93.2; Massachusetts, 87.8; Rhode

Island, 88.2; Connecticut, 84.0: New York,

91.4; New Jersey, 88.9; Pennsylvania.

90.7. Average for above divisions 91.0.



Delaware, 89.7; Maryland, 88.9; Vir-

ginia, 91.3; \Vest Virginia, 85.0; North

Carolina, 100.3; South Carolina, 100.0;





Georgia, 105.2; Florida, 94.3.

above division. 99.].

Ohio, 94.3; Indiana. 81.8;





Average for





Illinois, 92.8;





Michigan, 1009; i’i'isconsin, 100.9. Aver-

age for above division, 92.6.



Minnesota, 88.5; Iowa, 94.9: Mlssouri,

88.5; North Dakota, 100.5; South Dakota,

56.3; Nebraska, 77.4; Kansas, 71.3; av-

erage for above division, 82.3.



Kentucky, 94.7; Tennessee, 97.5; Ala-





bama, 107.5; Mississippi, 104.7; Louisiana,

98.6; Texas, 86.0; Oklahoma, 61.4; Arkan-





sas, 99.5. Average for above division,

90.1.



Montana, 103.6; Wyoming. 97.9; Colo—

rado, 85.6; New Mexico, 106.1; Arizona,

103.7; Utah, 97.2; Nevada, 102.7; Idaho,

106.6; Washington, 102.5; Oregon, 105.];





California, 101.7. Average for above di-

vision, 101.3 per cent.



The average weight of wool per fleece

this year is 6.8 pounds, compared with

6.7 pounds last year and 6.5 pounds the

average for the past ten years.





 





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Sanilac Co., July 4.-—-July has so far

been dry and exceedingly hot. Crops

need rain badly. \Vheat about all in

shock and people all remark about the

good crop. Oats are looking fine, with

a heavy stand of show but some fields

are already beginning to ripen and will

be light in grain if no rain comes. Hay—

ing a little better than half done. Old

meadows were rather light. Beans are

growing very well and there is a large

acreage. Some farmers are just finishing

the marketing of their last year’s crop

and, having patience and faith, they at

last received the $2 per bushel. Potato

bugs are very bad, the warm weather in

May brought them on very early. Flies

are causing trouble in some places.



Mecosta Co., July 14.—July. as well as

the latter part of June, has been quite

dry, yet crops are doing exceptionally

Well. Corn is nearly all tasseled and

oats ripening at a good height. Pasture

is nearly gone and cows are not doing

nearly so well as they did a short time

This has been a very hard summer





ago.

on horses, owing to the extremely hot

weather. Potatoes have the prospect of





being a very good crop. Lots of berries

of all kinds, as well as peaches, plums

and pears. Apples are a short crop,

some fall apples but no winter apples.

Hay is selling for $10 per ton; hogs, 6c

per 1b.; veal, 6c; butter, 16c; butter-fat,

22c; eggs, 130 per dozen.

Ohio.





Carrol Co., July 0.—The weather here

is very dry and hot. Nearly all the

wheat and rye is hauled to the barn or





 





 





‘ (11') 67 _





stacked. Considerable hay cut, but the

crop is light this year, also the wheat

was a poor crop because the fly spoiled

much of it. Rye is a fine crop. Buck-

wheat won’t be worth much if we don't

get rain soon. Also grass in pasture

fields needs rain badly. Corn looks fairly

good.



Hardin 60., July 12.-——Continued warm

weather the past month, with frequent

showers. Corn doing well, the largest

growth for years at this time of the year.

Wheat a good crop, yielding from 16 to

30 bushels per acre, and of fine quality.

The market opened at 800 per bushel for

the new grain. Cattle and hogs not so

active. Eggs, 14c; cream sells at 24c.





Wlsconeln.





Ashland Co., July 5.——June was rather

a dry month for hay and pastures, but

July brought refreshing showers. Hay-

ing, which here generally begins about

July 4, was ten days earlier than usual

and a good many of the farmers have

their crop secured. Hay was not what

it appeared earlier in the season. All

old meadows short with thin bottom.

New seeding, where it caught good, was

fine. but the catch last year was so poor

that, as a whole, the. crop is not over

half what it would have been under nor-

mal conditions. New seeding is very

good, standing six to eight inches high

among the cats, etc. Oats are very heavy,

well headed and lodging in many places

and few pieces early sown are turning.

Corn is doing nicely and should be a

good crop as knee high 4th of July, as

corn raisers in Michigan say, does not

compare with us, as waist high goes

here this year. Potatoes are looking fine,

but the bugs are on the trail hard and

it keeps one on the watch at all times

to keep them down. All root crops are

coming on nicely. Beets, carrots, etc.,

are covering the ground nicely. What

wheat and rye there is raised here. is

good and is beginning to change color.

Potatoes which were a drug in the mar-

ket a month ago, are very scarce and

enough cannot be bought to supply home

demand at $1 per bushel, and some ad—

vise outside buyers have even offered

$1.20. Butter, creamery, 30c; dairy, 24c;

eggs, 22c. Farmers look for 1910 prices

for their hay.





N EWTON’S H EAVE



87337;. 313E355" c U R E



The Standard Veterinary Remedy.



i yeais sale. Send for

\ booklet.





 





   





 





XENOXJJGNOD .1838





line lirsi or second $1.00 can cures leaves. The Mr!

can is guaranteed to cure or money refunded.

$1.00 pet can at dealers, or express prepaid.





THE NEWTON REMEDY C0. Toledo. Ohio





: FARMS AND FARM LANDS:

FOR SALE OH EXCHANGE





NEW YORK GREAT FARM. BARGAINS near

Ithaca and Cornell university: lnr 9 list. Send for

free catalog. KEEBEB & BARBER. thaca, N- Y.





UR CO-OPERATIVE LIST quotes owner's ice

for select FARMS all over Southern M ichi’gran.

The Ypsilanti Agency Co., 1110., Ypsilanti, Mich.





For Sale—112 a. or would di ld .

Dairy Farm mile from village with 3 rifilrgadf

Established milk route. Good hid . Running stream.

$5000, 54 down. ELLA M. ROGElgg. Oopemish, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





' ~Choioe Farm Stock is F i ,

MICh- lands in Gladwin and Clare Cofi'httiefifaligg

have .ZMJOO dailies of {l‘net'unimproved lands. also

some improvc arms. ’i'i 0 us for 2 d f .

A. J. STEVENS & 00.. GiadwTSF‘Mii-higfgfa





Improved Pine 00., Minn. nil-Acre Flll’l





For Sale by owner. One-third cleared, 4 mil 3



seat thickly settled neighborhood, 60 miliscggggli

St. aul. N. P. R. R. Good dairy proposition. Price

$2400, if cash, balance 5 yours' time, 6 per cent in—

terest. REED CONNER, R. 3, Pine City. Minn.





FOR SALE—0U) COLONIAI. ESTATE





Consistin of 570 acres. 250 cleared, rest 1 .

2% miles from R. 1!. station, 12 miles from “Fulfil;

ton, D. 0.. 1. mile from public school. Historical

frame dwelling with 11 rooms, barn and other out.-

huildings. Price‘iblll per acre. For further particulars

apply C. W. BEAT’I‘IE, Alexandria, Va, Route 3.





when you can i



the Best Landfill);



gighigfi? at from

near Saginaw and Bay City. W'rite for) ma 33.18::

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. Sta eld Bros.





)owners) 15 Merrill Bldg , Saginaw, W. S. Michigan.





Literature will be sent to any one iii-

FREE terested in the wonderful Sacra-



meiibQ Valley, the richest valley in

the world. Unlimited opportunities. Thousands

of acres available at right prices. The place for

the man wanting a home in the finest climate on

earth. No lands for sale; organized to give reliable

information. Sacramento I I

Valley Development As- caIIfornl

somation, SACRAMENTO, a



$3 700

900 Apple 1'rou.’





236 Acres

Tools and Machine 1

. ‘ no! .



This Is a. splendid fruit and d'ayiry fartmgog)wner re—

ceived 1 season for apples alone. lar 9 quantity

pears. p unis. cherries. and grapes. 51? acres in

machine worked fields. cuts 40 tons haV. 186 acres in

Food and timber. if sold would all for farm. Pasture

box; 25 cows, Ill-room house. 40:50 barn and other out-



u ldings. mile to lake, and 2 miles to two vlll .

{tear school, short distance to railroad station. fine



civility. mall delivered. Owner is a widow and must.

so i at. once. If taken now will include mowing

machine. barrow and tools for only $3.700. part cash.

easy terms. For details of this and picture of beauti-

ful residence. see page 95 Stront’s Catalogue N0. 34-





 





 





 





 





farm catalogue ever issued. full de- »





18809 and



tai s regarding railroads, climates markets, schools

and crops raised. etc.. 15 states. npy free. Stntinn

101. E. A. Strout, Union Bank Bldg, Pittsburg, Pa.





DA TO HEAVES
z





 





'Mfiéeflw”? 3’71 r .' . h





-. .. , W'WA





 





 





 





 





 





 





Svo’maljflna ‘





, At Home and Elsewhere i ’

fl fig

’ Has Been Overdone.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





“Make Learning Easy’





“There is no royal road to learning,”

quoted the teachers of our childhood.

“Make learning pleasant for the chil-

dren,” chant our children’s teachers, the

kindergartens leading the paean. The re-

result is that the boards of education in

many cities have been forced to instruct

teachers to pass pupils on general work,

for the average child can not pass an

examination. Parents have never taken

very kindly to the new method of making

work play, and now teachers themselves





- are beginning to see that it does not pro-





duce exactly the results desired. In our

day we were told to study because it was

the right thing to do, because it was the

only way to acquire knowledge, and be-

cause it was a duty we owed to our-

selves, to our parents and to the state.

The child of today is jollied along, he is

offered sugar coated knowledge in the

shape of stories and talks which must be

made interesting if he is to pay any at—

tention to them. It is never suggested to

him that he must get down and dig, and

commit to memory certain facts whether





he wants to or not. Even the dear old

multiplication table which we had to

learn forward and backward, upside down

and inside out, has been metamorphosed

to such an extent that we who learned

our “two times” would never recognize it.

And the children have been the losers.

Ask a child of the present day how many

sixes in eighteen and he is as likely as

not to answer “two.” But if he had

learned his tables as we did, not because

the teacher made it play but because it

was the right thing to do, he could have

given the right answer. The old method

may not have been fun for the children,

but life is not exactly a playground, and

it is a good thing for children to learn

that as they go along. Some time our

boys and girls will be obliged to do un-

pleasant things, and it will be a great

deal easier for them to learn that fact in

school days than to slide through school

without any effort, and with little real

knowledge when they get through, and

then have to buckle down to hard work.

DEBORAH.





 





 





Summer Laundry Problems—By Mary Mason Wright.





Where there are a number of girls in

a family, and many lingerie dresses are

Worn, the laundering of them becomes

quite a problem as well as a task.



The first thing that should be attended

to before putting the garments in the

wash is the removal of all stains. Boil-

ing water is the best thing to remove

fruit stains from all white goods. Pour

through the stains from a little distance

until they disappear. Hot water will also

usually remove coffee and tea stains, but

if not, try rubbing the spots with the

yolk of an egg to which has been added

20 drops of glycerine and rinse off with

warm water. Alcohol is excellent for re-

moving mud stains from wash goods.

Grass stains which children are so apt

to get on their clothes in summer may be

removed by saturating the spots with

kerosene oil; if this does not prove ef-

fective, try soaking the spots in strong

cream-of—tartar water, or dip into cold

water and then into dry cream-of—tartar

and let remain on a few minutes before

washing it off. Ink stains can be re-

moved with entire success by melting

some paraffin and adding to it a little

cream-of—tartar, pour this over the ink

spot and let it remain on for some time,

several days is best, then remove by

pouring boiling water through the stain.

For iron rust or mildew there is nothing

better than to cover the spots with lem-

on and salt and place out in the strong

sun.



It is much more of a problem to remove

stains from tinted or colored goods of any

kind. The best thing for this purpose is

Fuller’s earth mixed into a paste with

glycerine and applied to the stain; this

will not harm the most delicate shades.

Stains that are not deep-seated may be

removed often by applying dry cornstarch

or talcum powder to the spot and allow-

ing to remain for a time before removing.

When using gasoline to remove stains put

a little salt in it and it will not leave a

streak around the spot, as is is so

liable to do. Deep scorch stains may be

removed by applying a. paste of corn-

starch and placing the goods out in a

strong sun. A newspaper should be put

over tinted or colored goods, only leaving

the stained part exposed.



t t i



The best way to wash dainty embroid-

ered and lace trimmed waists and other

summer lingerie of a sheer nature is to

put to soak over night in clear cold water

in which a little borax has been placed,

about a tablespoonful to a gallon of wat-

er; then boil in a granite boiler. This

will save some rubbing which is so hard

on dainty, sheer goods. Use some good





wlnte soap or soap powder in the water,

and let them boil briskly for about 30

minutes. After this boiling if there are

any soiled spots which have not been re—

moved, rub with good white soap and rub

between the hands. Do not use wash-

board on such garments unless absolutely

necessary. It is advisable to use two

rinse waters, using a.little bluing in the

last water. Avoid getting too much stif-

fening in sheer, dainty waists and gowns.

Use just enough to give them the appear-

ance of new goods and make them iron

nicely. Shake out gently before hanging

on the line, as they are liable to tear if

they become clotted together too much.

t i t



The pretty white linen tub dresses

should be washed in much the same man-

ner as above; be sure that linen is well

rinsed before starching since soap left

in the goods will soon give it a dingy,

yellow shade which is anything but pret-

ty. A great deal depends on how linen is

ironed. About an hour before it is ironed

dip it into boiling water and run through

a wringer, and then wrap tightly up in a

towel or sheet; then iron on the wrong

side until perfectly dry and you will have

a suit that will look like new. Linen

should not be starched very much, just

enough to give it a pretty gloss and to

give it the appearance of new goods.

Good hot-water starch is made by dis-

solving the starch in a little cold water,

adding a fourth of a teaspoonful of borax

to each tablespoonful of starch. Pour

boiling water over this until it reaches

the right consistency then add a tea-

spoonful of turpentine. Be sure your

irons are perfectly clean, since white

goods always show the least bit of soil.



Lace and embroidery should always be

ironed on the wrong side in order to





bring out the pattern.

a:





t it





'Since a great deal of white silk is worn

in summer it is well to know how to wash

it properly. Never use hot water in

washing white silk as heat will turn it

yellow, and never rub soap on the silk,

but use soap jelly in the water. A little

borax used in the first water will help

to remove the dirt, Rub in the hands but

not on the washboard. Rinse in three or

four waters for not a particle of soap

must be left in the goods. Squeeze the

water out,between the hands then roll

away in a towel and iron with a moder—

ately heated iron before it dries. If it

should become dry before ironing dip it

in luke warm water and roll up.



Extra care must be taken when wash-

ing tinted or patterned goods if one does

not wish them to fade. Soak blue goods





 





‘3 \



of ,all kinds in water in which sugar of

lead has been dissolved, using something

like an ounce to a pail of water. All

other colors should be soaked in water in

which salt has been placed, using about a

teacupful of salt to a pailful of water.

Soak for a half hour, then hang on the

line without wringing out. When dry

wash as if they had not received this

treatment. Never use hot water on tint-

ed, patterned or any colored goods that

are liable to fade, and never use strong

soap, especially on delicate colored goods.

Use some good neutral soap. Some

dainty, flowered organdies and delicate

tinted goods will not even stand this neu-

tral soap, in such a, case wash the gar-

ments in a water in which bran or rice

has been boiled, and to which a tea-

spoonful of borax has been added to each

gallon of the water; unless very much

soiled this will remove the dirt, keeping

the color at the same time. Use vinegar

in the rinse water, a teacupful to a gallon

of water. This not only helps to set the

colors but also restores some colors to

their pristine brilliance. We find it a

good idea to use bluing in the rinse or

starcn for blue garments, and a little

dye to match the background of the goods

of other colors, such as pink dye for pink

goods, green for green and so forth. Pat-

terned goods with a. white background

should be slightly blued to keep the white

the proper color. Never hang any colored

goods out in a strong sun for the heat

of the sun’s rays will often fade colored

goods when they have come through the

wash all right, and many delicate colors

will change color as soon as a hot iron is

put over them, so use a moderately hot

iron. Linen colored, buff and gray goods

have a tendency to spot, streak and also

to fade in the wash. To avoid this add

a tablespoonful of black pepper to the

first wash. If at all possible, use soft

water in washing clothes. If this is not

possible then soften the water with

borax.





A CHANCE TO HELP THE HELP-

LESS.





 





““‘here ‘10 find vacation spots for 250

children,” this was the problem which

confronted the Michigan Fresh Air So—

ciety in Detroit the Monday after the

city schools closed. And as days go by

the number swells. The extreme heat is

telling on the children of the congested

districts, and mothers, looking at pinched

faces, are seeking help. A chance for

life, it seems for some of the more deli-

cate ones.



One refined German woman, the moth-

er of five children, has for seven years

supported her flock. The children now

range in.years from six to 13. The two

oldest are boys and the three younger

girls are far from strOng. The mother is

looking for help, and on account of the

youth of the children the society is hop-





__ing some generous man or woman will

offer to take the whole three children so





that they may be kept together.



Another mother of five lost her two

oldest last winter, just as they had be-

come old enough to aid her in her strug-

gle. All five children had pneumonia and

the two oldest succumbed. She would

like to get a vacation of four or six

weeks for two who are left, a boy of 12

and a girl of nine. The remaining child

is too young to be sent out.



These are only two of many cases

which show the need of the work. It is

being carried on for the poor and weak,

those who are unable to help themselves.

If'you send for a child, do not expect a

beauty “with blue eyes and curly hair,"

as one woman requested. The children

are for the most part puny and unattrac-

tive. But for that very reason they are

all the more in need of help.



Address the Michigan Fresh Air So-

ciety, 406 Washington Arcade, Detroit,

Mich. In writing please mention Michi-

gan Farmer. '



The following children have been sent





out: Lillie and Freddies Hemple to Mrs.

P. ,M. Broesamle, of Chelsea; Harty and

Lottie Fearle, to Mrs. T. I). Frost, Clarks-

ville, Mich. A. party of 26 children were

taken to Manton, Mich., during the week.

Places nearer to Detroit are preferred, as

it is better to keep the boys and girls I

nearer home. -





 





 





THE STRIKE OF THE FARM-WIFE.





BY MRS. FRED NIBEWANGER.





She has not struck collectively, nor

even individually, in any great numbers,

but the sentiment is growing. The cases

that already are, example the trend of

the times and write the ultimate doom

of the unmarried hired man.



Years ago, in our childhood perhaps,

hired men were neighbor boys, as clean

and well-bred as ourselves; but today, be-

cause most country boys that stay in the

country are either farming for themselves

or are needed at home, our hired men

are generally one of three classes. Town ’

boys who want a little spending money,

are often of questionable habits and man-

ners and are axiomatic in their certainty

to leave one’s husband in the midst of

harvesting or such work, are the first-class.

Ignorant, unclean foreigners that, for

the sake of bettering the world, one might

be willing to train to civilized customs if

the long process of the learning were not

such a menace to her own little children’s

education, form the second. Then there

are just tramps, that happen along in

season of distress and are set to work’

because help is so much needed. Always

a doubtful quantity, they usually prove

an undesirable addition to any homes



Recently, the woman’s page 011a. farm

paper was devoted to suggestions fer

making the modern hired man a more

acceptable table companion. One farm-

wife protected her tablecloth at his place

by the use of paper napkins, another

flung table etiquette at the hired man

over the shoulders of her children, trust-

ing some of it to hit the mark and stick;

another appealed to hers, personally, to

aid her in setting a good example for the

children, and a fourth, troubled with un-

tidy men, furnished everything necessary

to the making of an acceptable toilet,

told the men they must make use of the

conveniences and then, if one approached

the table partly clean or combed, he was

sent back to complete the job.



Some, possibly all, of the methods

might work some of the time; but cer-

tainly, there are times when none of

them would work, and always they must

be annoying and humiliating.



The country housewife has as good a

right as any other to the privacy of her

home for herself and family, and should

have a particular right to exclude any-

one that is in any way a menace to the

proper training of young people. It is

the home lessons and impressions that

the children remember the longest and

that will make them appear easy and

natural or awkward and self-conscious in

well-bred company later.



If there is no extra house on the farm

and outside help is needed for the farm

work, build the house and fill it with a.

married hired man and his family. There

are plenty such to be had, usually young

married people, if your need is made

known. We always have more applica-

tions than can be filled. The cost in

wages is a little more but not much,

counting board, but the profit in comfort,

convenience, and dependence is almost

beyond measure.





 





DO NOT SUGGEST POVERTY.



One thing I would like to impress firmly

on the minds of farmers and their wives

18. “Don’t preach poverty to your chil-

dren!” '



I can remember how my own childhood

was clouded over by that feeling—that

we were "poor." I really thought we





Were poor, as I heard so frequently the

remark from father or mother, “Too D00?
"/





 





 





 





 





\





JULY 22. 1911.





thisyear to afford it." “Lost a cow last

Weeknand it ,makes me feel pretty poor."





Yet, as I look back‘upon the farm life of .





that period, from the perspective of some

years of life in a city, with its many

perplexing problems, I realize that we

were not poor, but prosperous, even weal-

thy, comparatively Speaking. vWe lived on

our own farm, had a. big, roomy house

and many outbuildings, good, swift horses

carriages, and plenty of stock.



We had real hens that laid real eggs,

we kept real cows that gave real milk,

and the cold storage substitutes that are

now sometimes offered to us as the real

thing, Were unheard of.



We lived within a few hours' journey

by rail, of the largest university in the

middle west, yet we children were taught

that its opportunities were wholly beyond

the reach of farmers’ sons and daughters,

and ouiz'thirst for a university education

was ungratified. Teach your children that

nothing is too good for the farmer’s son

and daughter—that every opportunity for

education and culture is possxble and

within their reach.



Improved machinery in-doors and out,

telephones, daily mail service, have all

helped greatly to put the farmer and his

family on "Easy Street,” and therefore,

any mention or even suggestion of the

depressing word “poverty” should be

relegated to the literary scrap-heap.—

L. W. 8., Toledo, Ohio.





THE LETTER BOX.





A Mother’s Influence.





Editor’. Household Department—I vwas

much interested in the article that ap-

peared in a recent issue of the Michigan

Farmer, on exacting obedience from. chil-

dren. There is many a sad failure be-

cause the mother simply makes threats

and fails to keep her word, or tries to

govern by deceiving the little ones—-and

yet, how many mothers foolishly—yes,

wickedly, deceive their children to enforce

obedience. «



I once‘knew a bright little fellow of

three summers who was pitifully afraid in

the dark. One evening when I was pres-

ent, for some trifling misdemeanor he

wasput to bed and the lamp taken out

of the .room. His little heart was filled

with fear, and sob after sob came to our

ears, 1;;an themother finally said, “Clark,

if .you do not keep still and go to sleep,

the black man will get you." Bravely

the dear child tried to obey, but faintly

I heard the smothered sobs under the

bed clothes, until he fell asleep from

sheer exhaustion.



0, ,how I longed to fold him in my arms

and tell him of the kind Father who

watched over him in the dark night, as

well as in the day.



A little incident was once told by a

lady who had been walking on the street

with a friend. They met a lady ac-

companied by a little child just old

enough to toddle along. Just as they

were passing, the little one took a notion

to pull off his cap and throw it down on

the street, resisting all the attempts of

his mother to put it on his head.



Finally she said, “Put it on, put it on,

or the Jack will get you." The little one

obeyed at once, seemingly having heard

of this “Jack” before.



After they had passed along the lady

gave vent to her indignation that anyone

should govern a child by such means,

when, to her surprise, her friend re-

marked: “Oh, you have to tell them

such things sometimes, to make them

mind. I tell \Villie the rag-man will get

him."



\l'hat an influence surrounds such chil-

dren. In time they will come to know

they have been deceived, and, as they

grow older they will not believe what is

told them by their mother in regard to

forbidden paths or pleasures; and, as a

consequence, many a mother’s heart has

been made. to ache—alas, when it was too

late to remedy the evil.



But, thank God, all children are not

brought up under such influence. We

have many noble mothers who would not

stoop so low as to deceive a child to en-

force obedience.



I remember several years ago a notice

appeared in one of our farm papers, of

the death of the mother of the editor.

In the concluding lines of the obituary,

this beautiful tribute was paid to her

memory;\,.\.“Four of her sons passed from

the rugged home farm in Maine, through

Bowdoin College. In .their efforts for

education, and usefulness, and in general

their character and success, they ascribe

more to their mother than to any other

human being."





_. '_ >.»





I would rather be worthy of such a

tribute'from my children than have them

erect the costliest monument to mark

my resting-place.—J. M. W.,





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





Butter may be kept hard in warm

weather by the very simple process of

turning an earthen vessel, crock or other

like vessel, over the dish which holds it.

The butter will be kept cool by this

means. It will be well to wrap the ves—

sel with a wet cloth. A little cold water

poured into the dish will be effectual. The

heat will be thus absorbed and the but-

ter will harden—F. M. B.



VVaists and blouses made of white crepe

are not only popular at the present time

but they offer a decided advantage when

It. comes to laundering, since they require

neither starching nor ironing. A seer-

sucker possesses the same features and

is useful for children’s play dresses.—

Mrs. E.



A very simple way to keep butter and

milk when you have no ice or cellar is

to sink a jar in the earth. In a shady

place on the north make an excavation

large enough to place a six-gallon jar,

allowing the Jar to project about four

inches above the ground. Pack the earth

around the jar firmly. Turn a box over

the Jan—M. A. P.



For a hot, sunny window, take an old

sheet, fold in half, then in quarters, dip

in cold water, and wring slightly. Push

window up, and hang wet sheet in same

by means of thumb tacks, at opposite

corners on sash, leaving a few inches

space at bottom of opening. The slight-

est breeze will be found delightfully cool

and refreshing and especially comforting

to a sick person—Mrs. J. .l. ()‘C.



Set your poison fly paper outside the

door where the flies collect the thickest.

Small hanging shelves, large enough to

hold a saucer, made with a bit of board

six inches square, some string and a nail

driven in the wall, may be placed where

needed and a great difference will soon

be noticed in the number of flies—T.



In canning fruit after cooling, dip the

tops in melted paraffin, covering the

shoulder where cover and rubber meet.

Set cans away with the satisfaction of

knowing the fruit is going to keep.——E.

E. R. .



In packing the sandwiches for a picnic,

if a damp cloth is placed in the bottom

of the basket and another over the top,

they will keep fresh and moist for hours.

——E. L. '



To clean stained granite boil it in a

strong solution of soap and salsoda.—

E. L.



Green tomatoes make a fine dish by

slicing them, rolling in flour, seasoning

well and frying in hot butter until they

are crisp and brown—Z. J. D.



Plums and pears put together make

excellent preserves. Elderberries mixed

with grapes or apples or rhubarb or

plums make delicious jelly and jam.—

Z. I. D.



If you want that row of onion seed in

the garden to germinate quickly, have a.

tea kettle of boiling water to pour on

the row after covering with earth.——Mrs.

W. R. R.



Being pressed for time last fall I can-

ned some peaches without paring them,

washing carefully, cutting in halves, re-

moving pits and bruised places and pro-

ceeding as _usual. They have so much

finer flavor, the juice is so much clearer

and pinker, I am going to do them all

that way hereafter. The skin may easily

he slipped off, if desired, before serving.

——Mrs. D. L. M.



A small piece of tin or pasteboard laid

over the grate in the refrigerator to set

cups or other small dishes on will pre-

vent their tipping oven—E. L.



If the ice which goes into the refriger-

ator is not clean a piece of closely woven

wire net or window screen laid over the

tops of the drip pipe will prevent clog-

ging—E. L.



Take the amount of rice you prefer and

IEt b0” bFiSkly until soft, drain off, add

milk enough to keep it from sticking to

bottom while cooking a little longer. Add

butter the size of a walnut, sugar and

salt to taste. When mixed thoroughly

take off stove and sprinkle cinnamon on

tOD- This is good. baked or unbaked.—

M. N. C.



(If you butter the tin‘before putting

rice to boil it greatly lessens the danger

of sticking and burning).



Corn should never be boiled more than

ten minutes. Put it on in boiling water,

add a little salt and boil for ten minutes,

roll in a table napkin and serve immedi-

ately—Mrs. A. D. '





THE. ‘MICHIGAN FARMER.





A CHEAP LIQUID FERTILIZER.





 





BY GERTRUDE K. LAMBERT.





Last season was extremely dry, and the'

waste water from the milk room, milky

water from the cream separator and

from washing milky dishes, was used for

watering plants. A bed of lettuce, so

treated, was the wonder of the neighbor-

hood for luxuriant growth and tender-

ness, lasting for table use, the entire sea-

son, without becoming tough. A bed of

asters and pansies, watered every even-

ing with the pail of milky water from

flushing the cream separator after using,

soon attracted the attention of the pass-

ers—by, for its rank growth, and the

abundance and brilliance of its bloom.

Hereafter, the milky water from milk-

room and kitchen, will be considered of

more value to the garden, for forcing es-

pecial beds of plants, than for food; the

amount of milk which it contains, being

too much diluted for calf and pig feed-

ing. In using the water on plants, it is

best to turn it slowly from a. pail; as

there is a chance that it may clog the

nozzle of a sprinkler. Also, stir the soil

frequently, after using the milky water

for watering, as it soon forms a. crust

upon the surface, which must be broken

and stirred.





SACCHARIN IN FOOD MEANS ADUL-





TERATION.





 





At the request of the Secretary of Ag-

riculture, the Referee Board of Consult-

ing Scientific Experts has conducted an

investigation as to the effect on health

of the use of saccharin. The investiga-

tion has been concluded, and the Referee

Board reports that the continued use of

saccharin for a long time in quantities

over three-tenths of a gram per day is

liable to impair digestion; and that the

addition of saccharin as a substitute for

cane sugar or other forms of sugar re-

duces the food value of the sweetened

product and hence lowers its quality.





Editor Household Department—Will

someone please give me a recipe for using

endive?—An Old Subscriber’s Wife.



Endive is used as a salad, like lettuce.

It is more palatable if served with oil and

vinegar than with a boiled dressing.





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.



These patterns may be obtained from

the Michigan Farmer office at the price

named. Be sure to give pattern number

and size.





 





 





 





 





 





I





No. 4610—Ladies’ Tucked Shirt Waist.

Cut in sizes 32 to 42 inches bust measure.

For 36 bust it requires 4 yards of 27-inch

material. Price, 10 cents.



No. 3760—Boys’ Russian Suit. Cut in

sizes 2, 4 and 6 years. For 4 years it re-

quires 3 yards 27 inches wide. Price, 10

cents.



No. 5274—Ladies’ Long Kimono. Cut

in sizes 32, 36, 40 and 44 inches, bust

measure. Size 36 requires 6% yards, 36

inches wide. Price, IO cents.



No. 5277—Ladies’ Seven-Gored Skirt.

Cut in sizes 22 to 32 inches waist meas-

ure. Size 24 measures 3% yards around

the lower edge and needs 3% yards 44-

inches wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5167—Chlldren’s Yoke Dress. Cut

in sizes 1, 3 and 5 years. The three-year

size requires 2 yards of 36-inch material,

with 1,4 yard of 18-inch over-all. Price,

10 cents.





 





(13). 69

A SPOON SHAKER .





Straight From Coffeedom.





 





Coffee can marshall a. good squadron

of enemies and some very hard ones to

overcome. A lady in Florida writes:



“I have always been very fond of good

coffee, and for years drank it at least

three times a day. At last, however, I

found that it was injuring me.



“I became bilious, subject to frequent

and violent headaches. and so very nerv-

ous, that I could not lift a spoon to my

mouth without spilling a part of its con-

tents.



“My heart got ‘rickety’ and beat so

fast and so hard that I could scarcely

breathe, while my skin got thick and

dingy, with yellow blotches on my face,

caused by the condition of my liver and

blood.



“I made up my mind that all these

afflictions came from the coffee, and I

determined to experiment and see.



“So I quit coffee and got a package of

Postum which furnished my hot morning

beverage. After a little time I was

rewarded by a complete restoration of

my health in every respect.



“I do not suffer from biliousness any

more, my headaches have disappeared,

my nerves are as steady as could be de-

sired, my heart beats regularly and my

complexion has cleared up beautifully—

the blotches have been wiped out and it

is such a pleasure to be well again."

Name given by Postum 00., Battle Creek,

Mich.



Read the little book, “The Road to

\Vellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason.”



Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true,

and full of human interest.





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Ask your dealer for “ Pacific Per-





 





cales” and see that each piece

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If your dealer doesn’t carry Pacific

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list of retailers who will supply you.





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70 (14)]





VVYVYYVVYVVVVYVYYYVYY





‘HORTICULTURF.





COVER CROPS IN THE ORCHARD.





The orchard cover-crop is used not half

enough, and is but little appreciated. Too

often, the orchards are cultivated until

about the first of August, and then left

until the following year. This is not the

best orchard practice.



In the northern states, the cover-crop

period lasts, usually from August first, to

April first, and during this time a great

amount of plant food is lost to the soil,

especially the costly nitrogen, unless some

means is taken to conserve it. A pound

of fertility saved is far better than a

pound bought; then it is very poor econ-

omy to let the orchard soil lie idle through

the fall and winter. Soon after the sum-

mer cultivating stops, an abundant crop

of weeds springs up and revels in its

freedom until the frost cuts it off. Dur—

ing this time it has absorbed a great

amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and

potash. True, this fertility will be re-

turned to the soil, when the weeds are

plowed under, but what a progeny of

weed seeds is left to make cultivation

doubly hard and expensive the coming

season. Further, weeds grow rank in any

wet, rich hollow, but rather neglect the

higher, poorer spots, so they cannot be

depended upori to grow evenly where

needed. However, the crop of seeds con—

demns the weeds.



Unless there is a heavy mat of weeds

or some other cover during rain, much

damage is done by erosion where the soil

is rolling. The heaving caused by frost

helps this washing of the soil. Often the

rich top soil is carried bodily to some

other place, and the farmer, looking over

his orchard in the spring, finds numerous

ruts and little gullies that were not there

in the fall. Plant food is thus washed

away, and worse: all over the orchard

fertility has been washed down through

the soil beyond the reach of ordinary

plant roots.



Now, \a good cover crop would remedy

these troubles. Weeds are kept from

getting a foothold, so the land is cleaner

the next year. The leaching of plant food

is stopped. The soil is held by the roots

and by the tops of the cover-crop so it

doesnot wash as badly. The cover-crop

blankets the roots, and may save them

from winter injury. The growth of the

cover-crop dries out the soil in late sum-

mer, hastening the ripening of the fruit

and the maturing of the wood and buds

before they are caught by the fall freezes.



But beside the advantages just named,

the cover-crop has a large fertilizer val-

ue. There is a quick growth to turn un-

der, and if this is done early in the

sprig, it quickly rots. If the orchard soil

is lacking in nitrogen, clover. alfalfa or

winter vetch may be used as the cover-

crop, for these are legumes and have the

power of taking up nitrogen from the air

in the soil. This nitrogen becomes avail-

able then, as plant food when the turned-

under crop has decayed. But if the soil

is not in need of more. nitrogen, rye, oats,

buckwheat or rape is commonly used.





 





ALLA





 





 





 





 





Cover crops are sometimes sown in the

spring, but the practice is not recom—

mended except where green manure is

wanted or the growth of the trees needs

to be checked, as it often does during an

exceptional growing season. Clean culti—

vation is undoubtedly best for the orchard

in ordinary seasons, up to August.



If the fruit grower uses cover crops

judiciously, there is less need of his buy-

in}.r fertilizers, or using his valuable barn

yard manure around his trees. Cover-

crops should come to a more general ap-

preciation and use.



Gratiot Co. S. A. MARTIN.

THE WILSON FRUIT BILL.

Governor Dix, of New York state, has

signed the \Vilson fruit bill, Act 511 of

me Public Acts of 1911, the text of which

is herewith printed in part for the benefit

of those readers who are interested in the

legislation relating to the handling and



selling of fruit:





No person or persons shall sell, offer

or expose for sale, apples, pears or





-peaches as and for New York state grown





apples, pears or peaches if they were not

grown or produced within the state of

New York; nor shall they brand or label

the package or barrel containing such ap-

ples, pears or peaches as New York state

apples, pears or peaches. if they were not

grown or produced within the state of

New York. Any person or persons pack-

ing or repacking or causing apples or

pears to be packed or repacked to be sold

upon the markets, shall pack or repack





or cause them to be packed or repacked

in such a manner that each separate

package or barrel shall be packed sub-

stantially uniform and without intent to

deceive the purchaser.



Any person, persons or corporation buy-

ing from a grower apples or pears which

are packed in packages or barrels, mark-

ed or labeled with the name of the grow—

er, who causes such apples or pears to

be repacked in the same packages or

barrels or who uses the same packages or

barrels for the packing of other fruit or

apples or pears, shall erase from ‘ich

package or barrel the name of the grower

or packer first or originally placed there-

on. But the facing of such package or

barrel is not prohibited by this section.



The standard grade for apples which

shall be shipped or delivered for ship-

ment or which shall be sold or offered for

sale shall be apples of one variety, which

are well grown specimens, hand picked,

of good color for the variety, of normal

shape, practically free from insect and

fungus injury, bruises and other defects

except such as are necessarily caused in

the operation of packing, or apples of one

variety which are not more than 10 per

cent below the foregoing specifications,

are standard grade size A, if minimum

size of apples is 2% inches in transverse

diameter; or are standard grade size B,

if the minimum size of the apples is 2%

inches in transverse diameter; or are

standard grade size C, if the minimum

size of the apples is 2 inches in trans-

verse diameter.



No person, firm or association shall

misbrand apples as to their standard

grade or otherwise. Apples in packages

shall be deemed to be misbranded within

the meaning of this act if the package

bears any statement, design or device in-

dicating that the apples contained there-

in are standard grade “size A,” “size

B” or “size C," as the case may be,

and the apples do not conform to the re-

quirements prescribed by this act for

apples of the particular grade.



It is not the purpose of this law to re-

quire every person to pack, mark and

sell his fruit in the manner stated in the

statute, but if he attempts to sell the

fruit packed as New York fruit of a cer-

tain grade, then the statute applies and

the packing and marking must be ac-

cordmg to the specifications. While the

crucial test of any law seeking to regu-

late commerce in any manner is expe-

rience under that law, it would seem that

this statute will aid in extending the

fruit business of the Empire state since

it guarantees to the purchaser the qual-

ity of the fruit, and so definies the grades

as to give recourse in case the purchase

fails to conform to the terms thereof.





 





 





REPORTS ON THE APPLE SITUA-

TION.

Virginia Crop Not Large.



Secretary VVhately, of the Virginia

State Horticultural Society, states that

prospects for a crop of apples in Vir-

ginia are not as good as they appeared

earlier in the season. due to a long con-

tinued drouth and to the failure of trees

to properly set fruit. Last year a heavy

crop was produced in that section which

may account for the smaller crop prom-

ised for this fall. He estimates that the

average for the whole state will amount

to from 30 to 35 per cent of a full crop.



New York Fruit Report.



Following is the report of the secretary

of the New York State Fruit Growers’

Association regarding the condition of

fruit in that commonwealth: Fall ap-

ples, 69 per cent; winter apples, 62; pears

62; peaches, 69; plums, 74; quinces, 74;

grapes, 87. The acreage of cabbage is 78

per cent; potatoes, 87; beans, 94 per cent.

The counties reporting the largest esti-

mate of fall apples are Onondaga and

Otsego with 100 per cent, while Erie

comes next with 95 per cent; Monroe

third with 83 per cent; then Winchester

with 83 per cent; “'ayne with 77 per

cent; Cayuga, Oneida, Ontario, Schnec-

tary and Tompkins with 75 per cent each;

Orleans, Oswego and Seneca with 74 per

cent each and Niagara with only 69 per

cent.



Canadian Apple Crop.



A statement from the Canadian depart-

ment of agriculture indicates that the

crop of apples will be fair. Nova Scotia

expects a full crop of fall and winter

varieties. The counties on Lakes Ontario

and Erie promise a fair to average yield,

while those on Lake Huron and east as

far as York county will not produce a

half crop. In the St. Lawrence Valley

and Quebec the tent caterpillar is de-

foliating the orchards and has caused

serious damage. The early and fall ap-

ples in that section will be a medium

crop but the winter yield promises to be

very small. New Brunswick and North-*4

eastern Quebec will produce a fair crop

if conditions are favorable from now on.

The outlook on the western coast is not

bright, the crop being inferior to that of

1910, except in the interior valleys of

British Columbia, where there is better

hope for a sastlfactory yield.





, THE MICHIGAN» FARMER





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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BY IVAN E. BAKER.





Through all the long bright summer day



Content he sings, and in his way



Finds joy. Through fields of wind-rowed

hay



He plods along



The thrush’s song,



SWeet as the wild-wood rose,

he knows!





He seeks the cool and sheltered nook



XV here nothing, save the babbling brook,



Annoys him. There with rod and hook



He spends an hour,



The sweet wild flow’r



Near by, and, just above, the cooing of

.a dew





what joy





Across ge furrowed fields again



He toils‘tand through the rain



To sheltfring elm. Then down the lane

He wanders lone.



The sun’ has shone



LOW in the golden sky, and night is nigh.





THE SAVING OF CAESAR.





 





BY A. A. C.



His name had not always been Caesar.

In fact, at the time he had this rather

striking cognomen given to him, very

little was known of his past history.

When Tom came home one day from

school lugging in his arms a rather dirty,

bedraggled, forlorn looking yellow dog

with a sore leg, nobody received either

him or the dog with open arms. When

they were on the farm, Tom had had two

dogs, but now that they were in town it

was different.



“For goodness sake, Tom Barnes, where

on earth did you get that ugly dirty yel-

low oog? Don't bring him in here," was

the exclamation of Tom's mother.



“See here, boy, don’t you know better

than to come home lugging every vaga-

bond tramp dog or cat you find? Do you

expect we are going to run a Zoo hero?

\Vho’s going to pay for his keep?” said

his father.



'But it was raining and Tom begged to

be allowedto put the dog in the shed

until his leg got so he could walk. A few

days after this event in the Barnes fam-

ily, Torr? came down with scarlet fever.

In his delirium one night, when the fever

was at its height, he pleaded incessantly

to be allowed’.‘to‘f’keep the dog and the

matter was settledlthen and there—Cae-

sar at last had found a home.



Caesar’s past life had been none too

happy—in. fact, a hard life for even a

dog. Itl',-‘isE 5=true that for the first six

months or so he had had considerable at-

tention, had'indeed had many small, dog

comforts, but now that time seemed very

long ago. If Caesar thought of it at all

it must have seemed a dream, or as if

he had been some other dog then; for

in his latter years (the time surely seem-

ed like. years) he had been a veritable

hobo dog, picking up a living anywhere

he could, with no settled spot which he

could call home. He was sorry indeed

that he had ever been foolish enough to

follow a man away from the farm. Peo-

ple in towns and cities are always mov-

ing about, and when people are going to

a distant place a common yellow dog is

very apt to be considered more or less of

a nuisance—an easy thing to forget when

moving day comes. He had stayed

around the deserted cottage for a few

days, hoping someone would come to oc-

cupy it, but hunger finally drove him to

tramp methods. To be perfectly fair to

Caesar, it must be said that tramp life

was far from being his choice. Gladly

would he have settled down, like any

other well-behaved dog, and become a

respectable citizen with domestic tastes

and habits. He had no special fondness

for roaming—at least he had never, until

he foolishly ran away, gone so far that

he could not find his way back in good

time for dinner. All through his short

life he had scorned vagahond dogs, and

had associated only with decent neighbor-

hood canines. Now he was to become a

tramp.



It was“ surely a cold, hard, unfeeling

world in which he found himself. Even

a dog must eat to live, but nobody seemed

to remember that. In fact, there seemed

to be grave doubts as to the necessity of

Caesar living at all, but how can a dog

help it. Driven at last to tramp methods,

he presen "" himself at various back-

doors and ked for something to eat and

a place to’\ (rep—asked just as plainly as

any wen-bred. cultured dog could ask.

What he got in return was the door shut

in his face, in one place, a kick at the

next, and-a flourish of the broom at him

in the third. What was he to do? Frowns





 





     





. ‘ ”

I _’ r

9;





 





" THE MICHIGAN FARMER,





and all sorts of rudeness he got in plenty

—bad names of all sorts were hurled at

him, but never a bone or a scrap of meat.

even plain bread and butter he would

have welcomed, a thing he had never

cared for when on the farm. As for being

invited to come in, that was out of the

question. At house after house he was

told, in the plainest possible language,

that he wasn’t wanted. “Go away, dog-

gie, we don’t want you.” He got tired

of hearing it, and it is not to be won-

dered at that he began to develop a very

undesirable dog disposition. As for his

good name or his past reputation, he

might as well have never had a reputa-

tion, for, good or bad, nobody had any use

for him. He lived mainly on scraps gath-

ered from garbage cans in back alleys

and slept wherever he could. Some of

the long days were enlivened by “scraps”

With other dogs.



One day he whipped two other dogs, one

far bigger than himself. It was in an

alley, when no one else was around, and

he had what he considered a fair chance.

After that achievement one might have

expected him to strut around, looking

down on dogs in general for some days,

but if he felt proud of it he never showed

it in the least. His head was slightly

swelled for several days, it is true, but

not from pride.



Naturally the owners of other dogs re-

sented his scraps with their more highly

favored and handsomer dogs, but he be-

came surprisingly clever in dodging

stones and missiles of all sorts. His dis-

position became worse and worse. He

lived to quarrel and fight. Since every

boy's hand was against him, why should

he love anybody. Fight he would, and

fight he did, and he cared not who knew

it. He did it in broad daylight. By night

he barked and barked by way of express-

ing his resentment of the treatment ac-

corded him. Nobody seemed to care

whether his feelings were hurt or not.

\\'hy should he care whether people slept

well or not? So he barked night after

night, and there were low mutter-lugs and

dire threats heard in many a house.



Yet before ‘he had been forced into this

strenuous method of existence, when he

was living comfortably as dogs should,

and as he still desired to, his voice had

been mild and gentle and melodious, and

he had worn 3 L001; of‘.sweet innocence

and perfect trust that was beautiful to

behold. He used to have, in those far-off

days, a soft, cold. Wet sort of nose, which

he was accustomed to poke up at people

—his way of inviting them to be friends

with him and pat his head. It was his

delight to lick the hand that presented

him with a nice ham bone or a plate of

chicken, or beef scraps with a bit of nice

bread and gravy. He had a thankful dis—

position then. Now he was ready to lick

anything that dared to touch him, boy,-

dog or man, so swiftly can a dog degen—

erate under harsh treatment. As for

manners or conscience he had none—~none

to speak of, at least. He would steal from

anywhere, and he was beginning to hate

everybody. nls appetite was prodigious

but never satisfied. There was always

the gnawing inside, the longing for some-

thing more and better than garbage cans

afforded.



It was after one of his scraps with a

dog that belonged to some boy—a dog

with a fancy collar on——-that his leg was

wouhded. He had come out second best

in this unequal fight, because no com-

mon collarless dog can expect to be equal

to licking another dog when there are

three boys there to pelt the aforemen-

tioned yellow dog with brickbats_ Not

content with rescuing the aristocratic dog

with the collar, and inflicting serious bod-

ily wounds on . Caesar—wounds which

greatly marred his personal appearance,

to say nothing of his pridegmese boys,

to their shame be it said, had filled an old

tomato can with stones, tied it to his tail

and left him in a vacant lot. It was the

worst, the very worst plight, be had ever

been in. What to do he knew not.





Very soon after the boys left a driz-

zling rain came on. Tom came also. It

apparently just happened that Tom came

around there on his way from school,

though Tom’s mother does not believe

that anything just happens. It was a

very pitiful whine that Caesar was giving

vent to as Tom approached—a whine that

said plainly and unmistakably, ”Do,

Somebody, please come quick and take

this old weight off my tail and let me

loose! I promise faithfully to be good if

I am given a fair chance.” How faith-

fully Caesar kept that promise remains

to be seen. '



For the first few days after Tom found

him, Caesar had every attention a dog





could desire—a nice little bed of straw

in a corner of the shed, basins of bread

and milk at intervals and various other

little material comforts. It was months

since Caesar had tasted milk; he couldn’t

remember when, but he recognized it as

soon as he saw it coming, and his poor

sore tail began to wag, and his mouth

watered at the sight and smell of the

milk. Sundry toothsome scraps of meat

such as ordinary dogs love, beefsteak that

was underdone, or too fat for Tom, and

rinds cut off the bacon in the kitchen,

were added to his bill of fare. Every

day Tom brought him fresh water in an

old basin. The poor wounded leg had

been washed and bandaged up with a.

soft clean old handkerchief, and Cae-

sar‘s faith in mankind had begun to re-

vive.



By the time Tom had reached the

“peeling stage” in his scarlet fever expe-

rience, Caesar had greatly improved in

appearance, though he had not yet ven-

tured into society. He hardly knew

himself. His wounds had healed. Hair

had grown over the bare spots on his tail

and hide. Apparently his disposition also

had changed. At least he had ceased his

howling at night and seemed less of a.

pessimist. But his reformation was far

from complete. He was allowed to leave

the shed and take such exercise as he

could in the back yard where Tom’s baby

sister played, a permission he was not

slow to avail himself of. To a vagabond

dog accustomed to life in the open coun-

try, the shed, comfortable though it was,

sot-med almost like a prison. The back

yard was somewhat better, but though

he seemed to appreciate to the full the

material





comforts he was enjoying, he

sadly missed the excitement of scraps

with other dogs.





From the first he developed an unusual

fondness for Baby Gertrude. He followed

her up and down, allowed her to maul him

around in a fashion he would haVe

promptly resented from anyone else, and

evidently constituted himself her especial

guardian.



To Tom’s father and mother he behaved

civilly but never affectionately, and he

was far from obeying promptly the few

direct commands which they gave him.

He had been so accustomed to hard

knocks when he was told to do a thing,

that he had come to believe it need not

be done unless it was accompanied with

a. blow of some sort.



When at last he was allowed to ven-

ture into the street his old habits soon

reasserted themselves. The very first day





he got into a dispute with a passing dog,‘





chased a hen, caused no end of excitement

in a neighboring chicken yard, and barked

so insolently at an automobile that the

chauffeur stopped, got out to hurl stones

at him, called him extremely undesirable

names, and threatened to annihilate him

then and there.



Life again was worth living for Caesar.

Something interesting could happen still

in doglaurl. '\\’hat new forms of excite-

ment he would have discovered that day

nobody knows, for his unholy experiences

were brought to an unexpected end for

the time. Tommy happened along while

the chauffeur was breathing out threat-

enings and slaughter, lugged Caesar off

home, shut him in the shed, and severely

admonished him for his bad behavior.

For a while he pretended to treat such

admonitions with a cool indifference and

a swagger that said plainly, “‘Who cares

for what you say? Is a dog never to

have a bit of fun?”



Caesar's one redeeming feature was his

love for the baby who was just beginning

to toddle around. W'here she went he

went, and while she was with him he

rarely molested anything. Many a time

she humiliated him before the world. She

threw him down, hauled him around, and

even sat on him in a way that many a

self-respecting, high-spirited dog would

never have tolerated. But to him what-

ever the baby did was right, and he never

thought of resenting it. “Then she came

in for her nap he took a little nap, too.

When she had her cup of bread and milk

he always got the remains.





It was while she was away visiting

with her mother that Caesar’s first actual

crime was committed since his reforma-

tion. He had ventured out one fine morn-

ing after breakfast for a walk. Tom was

away at school. In the course of his

wanderings he encountered a cat belong-

ing to two old ladies in the next block.

The cat arched her back in true cat fash-

ion, insolent defiance was in every step

she took, and before he knew it they

were in a life and death battle in which

the cat came out worst. in fact, didn’t

come out at all, for she was killed. Two

little girls happened along as witnesses





33*“





(15) 71





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when »

writing to advertisers.





PROPER SOIL ENRICHMENT.‘



More attention must be paid to the

Scientific enrichment of our soil. It will

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Farmers!





' To introduce my

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THE U. S. GOVERNMENT WANTS

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161-5 River Street Troy, N. Y. '





   

   

   





 





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‘ 72 (16)





and proclaimed Caesar the murderer. The

two old ladies made a terrific fuss over a.

mere cat, said they wouldn't have taken

a hundred dollars for their pet, but im-

ally agreed to settle with Tom’s father

for five dollars.



After that incident, Caesar served an-

other term in coniinement, but when the

baby came home, of course he had to be

released from his prison. Tom stoutly

maintained all through the term of im-

prisonment that Caesar’s crime was a

case of self defense, that it was the cat‘s,





 





fault, that if the cat had not molestedl





Caesar he wouldn’t have bothered her or,

even condescended to notice a mere cat.1



His next important offence was a SUD-i

posed attack of a girl on a bicycle. She‘

tumbled off just as she was passing him

on the street, and, of course, what self-

respecting dog could resist showing his

resentment of a girl who would deliber-

ately throw herself on top of him or even

try to. He tore her dress, or she said

he (lid, and Caesar couldn’t deny it. Tom

declared she tore her dress when she fell

off the bicycle, that it got caught in the

machine in some way, but Caesar was

mixed up in the affair, and circumstantial

evidence was decidedly against him. The

bicycle, too, was disabled so that She

couldn’t ride it home, and a complaint

was again laid before Tom’s father about

the dog. He was again in disgrace.



His’last and most serious offense was

tearing the pants of a crusty old gentle-

man who, when he went out walking, al—

ways carried a cane. Tom asserted that

if the old gentleman hadn’t brandished

the cane at Caesar, or hit him with it,

that Caesar wouldn't have meddled with

him.



For this crime Tom‘s father was sum-

moned to appear before a magistrate and

defend himself against the charge of

keeping a vicious (log that was a nuisance

and a danger in the neighborhood. “This

is the last bill I expect to pay for the

capers of that cur," was the rather sig-

nificant remark made to Tom after this

episode. Privately, the father made up

his mind to kill the offending animal as

soon as he could do it, and dispose of

him without Tom’s knowledge.



Several days passed and, as the dog

incident was not discussed further 'l‘om

began to breathe freely. He was dis—

gusted and ashamed of Caesar, but he

did not wish any harm to come to him.





 

 

 





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, . it means death and destruction when it comes. Why take chances ? You owe it

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THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘ .' , . _ _ mug—.9...





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Franllln, Originator

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1",“ "U"-





 





 





.»\t the end of the long square where

the Barnes family lived ran a branch line

of the D. & 0. Railway. Tom’s father

had to cross the track every day he took

the street wear on the next street. One

bright‘ day in early spring, when every

living thing longs to be out of doors,

Baby Gertrude slipped out as her mother

was busy with afternoon callers in the

parlor, and toddled down the street, It

could not have been many minutes that

she was out of sight, but it happened

that the 5:30 express was due. Already

it was coming thundering along as Tom’s

father stepped off the street car one

block away. The sight he beheld was one

he will never fl rget. There was his baby

making her way across the track, entirely

oblivious to the oncoming express. He

shut his eyes for one awful moment, ex-

pecting the next to have the mangled

lrody of his child laid in his arms. But

quick as a flash, for more quickly than

one can ever tell the story, there darted

before the train the yellow dog whose

chcu'tion was to be accomplished that

very night. Snatching the baby’s dress

between his teeth, he half led and half

dragged her off the track, a moment be—

lul‘e the train thundered by.



“Women rushed out of houses as the

passersby crowded around the little

group, man, dog and baby. For once

Caesar got praise instead of blame. In—

deed, if he had been capable of being

spoiled he would have been very much

puffed up with the unstinted praise that

was given him. And in Tom’s father’s

vest pocket was the little package of

poison which had been purchased to end

Caesar’s earthly career.



Needless to say the day for the execu-

tion was indefinitely I)ostponed, and it

will probably never come. Just what

happened after that event to make Caesar

mend his ways no one knows, but reform

he did. Maybe all the kindness that was

lavished on him for saving the baby’s

life had something to do with it. He still

loves to get into disputes with other dogs,

but it is years since he has been in a real

fight. He can even pass a chicken yard

without attempting to-frighten the dwel-

lers therein, though no one knows how

strong the temptation is, sometimes. In

most respects Caesar is a model dog,

which goes to show that no dog, however

bad, is past redemption or reformation,





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clover Seed istustWhen Hake

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\

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This Thrifty BLIZZARD Ensilage Cutter Makes Short Work





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World’s best materials and construction. as

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1439 W. rum-um fit. into... mile





 





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Spencer Presses are biggest money

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Write today for

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104 Willlun St"





Fastest Hay Press

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Load full weight. into cars. All





 

 

 

 

 





ree illustrated





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others ask for cheap wheels. Other reliable m‘chmb” “k-c‘h ”‘9" . Mm"""





 





V t" equipment and many advanced comics pos- Its wonderful eificicncyand superiority. Modem twostyles



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1‘ e





 





 





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Low. nohi liliftin , last

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sport. All tire width . Write for free book to-day.to

work. ,g V 0:“ " E U h .‘V‘L'J '

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