7.





(is $3. mm A“





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“fir/”WWW”





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





VOL. CXXXVII. No. 5-

Whole Number 3558.





i





 





 





 





 

 





Shoo A YEAR.

82.75 FIVE YEARS.





 





 





 





FARM NOTES.





Canada Thistle Seed.



I am sending you some samples of Can—

ada thistle blows. As you will note, some

of these are white and others are brown.

I would like to know if there are two

kinds, or if the. pollen from the brown

ones fertilizes the others. I can findno

evidence of seed in the brown ones.

Kindly examine them carefully and see

if you can find anything that would grow

if they are not cut. The plants With the

brown buds seem to be in patches, as are

the white ones, but sometimes I find them

together. The brown buds do not break

open and the down blow with the winds,

as the white ones do. Please advise as

soon as possible, as I have a big job to

cut them out of my oats. Usually I go

through my oats just as they are budded

and cut them off, letting them fall to the

ground, but this year I was unable to

get help to do the job. Am cutting them

now with corn cutters and putting them

in little piles in the oats and will burn

them later.



Eaton Co. L. G. T.





In the writer’s opinion the difference

in the appearance of the blows of the

thistles sent is due simply to a difference

in the characteristics of the plants upon

which they grew. Canada thistles do

not seed very liberally in Michigan. Most

of the plants do not bear seed at all and

on these the blows have the brown and





blasted appearance mentioned. The oth- i





er buttons ,or headshfrom which the

white down pretrtides have at least a

tendency toward the seed—bearing habit,

yet there are probably few seeds in these

that would germinate under ordinary

conditions. As an interesting experiment

the writer is making a germination ex—

periment with the seed from one of these

heads. It is doubtless true, however, that

comparatively few seeds are matured un—

der average conditions and in normal

seasons, else the pest would be every-

where present. However, there is like—

wise no doubt that some mature seeds are

produced and that new colonies are start-

ed from them under favorable conditions.

But these colonies spread rapidly bv

means of the root stocks and will soon

overrun whole fields unless eradicated.

The best means of eradication, however,

is by clean culture of a hoed crop, as the

greatest precaution against their spread

from the seed will never lessen the pest

where it is once established.

Lime-Sulphur for Potato Blight.





\I'ill you please inform me through the

columns of The Farmer whether lime-

sulphur can be used as a preventive

for blight, and if so what strength?



Oakland Co. C. K. P.





The writer has no data on the use of

the lime-sulphur spray as a preventive





 





 





 





 





“—m





Guiley a Mile Long and 60 Feet Deep. (See “Soil Erosion” on Next Page).





of the late blight of potatoes. So far as

we have been able to learn, no authentic

experiments have been made to demon-





strate the comparative value of the lime-r





sulphur spray and Bordeaux mixture for

this purpose. The lime-sulphur mixture

is a comparatively new preparation and

was first used as an insecticide in the

treatment of sheep scab. Later it was

found to be effective in the spraying of

fruit trees for the eradication of the San

Jose scale. About this time the injurious

effects of the frequent applications of

Bordeaux mixture shown in the russeting

of the fruit and in other ways were not-

ed, and the lime-sulphur mixture was

tried with success as a fungicide.‘ It

would perhaps be a profitable field of





experimentation to try this mixture on

potatoes as a, means of preventing the

destructive late blight, although there is

not the same good reason for it that ob-

tained in the case above cited, since the

Bordeaux mixture has been demonstrat-

ed to have a beneficial effect upon the

potato plant which, as noted in a com-

ment in the last issue, is sufficiently pro-

nounced to cause an increased yield that

on an average of several season’s results

will more than pay the entire expense of

its application. If, however, the lime-

sulphur spray would give the same de~

gree of immunity from late blight with

like beneficial results, potato growers

ought to know it, for which reason it

would he a profitable line of investigation





 





 





for practical growers as well as the ex-

periment stations.





Eradicating Horse Nettle.



I have a field that has several patches

of Horse Nettle that I would like to

eradicate. Can you give me any infor—

mation as to how it can be done? I

have pulled it up and dug it up but it

did not good. Ilas there been any way

found to kill it by spraying? Have the

experiment stations published any bulle-

tins on the subject? If you or any of

your readers can give me any information

on the subject I would be very thankful

to have you do so. This nettle is the

most troublesome weed that i have to

deal with on my farm.



Van Buren Co. S. 11. M.



A description and illustration of the

Horse Nettle, together with advice re~

garding its eradication will be found on

page two of this issue. Fortunately for

Michigan farmers the Horse Nettle

thrives better in a more torrid climate

than prevails in our state. Our severe

winters prove a severc handicap for this

weed, and in our more northern sections

where the ground seldom i‘rcczcs deeply

owing to protective snows, there is not

a sufficiently long hot season for it to

thrive at its best. However, there is

no doubt that the weed is becoming in—

creasingly common in Michigan, and that

where it has become established it is one

of the very worst weeds with which we

have to deal. It is more or less trouble-

some in all crops and on all soils, but is

worse on sandy or loose and friable soils

that are easily penetrated by the root

stocks, by means of which it spreads

much the same as Canada thistles. In

localities more favorable to its develop—

ment ordinary cultivation only tends to

stimulate its growth, and where it has

become well established in our own state

very persistent efforts will be required,

and should in every case be made to get

rid of it until it is exterminated.



Clearing Marsh Land of Willows.





I have four acres of muck land in my

pasture which, for the last three or four

years, has grown up to willows and now

it is almost a solid mass. Is there any

time of the year I can cut them to kill





them? Or what is the best way to de—

stroy them?

Allegan Co. L. L. W.





The writer knows of no method by

which these willows could be successfully

killed, except by grubbing or pulling them

out. This can best be done with a. team

and men with mattocks during the mid—

summer season, providing the muck land

is wet in the spring and fall, as is prob—

ably the case, else the willows would not

occupied it. Sprouting, unless oft re-

peated, will not kill them.





 





 





 





 





,_- “W





A Recently Taken View of “Lillie Farmstead " the Ottawa County





z "





 





y
74 . (2) -‘





sou. EROSION.





The gullying of farm lands is becom-

ing a serious matter in Michigan. In

some sections of the state quite an area

of land has become a. useless waste on

account of these washouts.



This erosion is caused by the cutting

away of trees. After the forests are

cleared on lands that exceed 10 per cent

slope, cultivation does not go on long

before erosion sets in. If this remains

unchecked, the soil will soon be removed

and fertility gone.



When lands are wooded they never

gully because the foliage of the trees

forms a storage place from which water

drips slowly to the ground for a consid-

erable time after each rain. Then the

complex layer of brush, leaves, weeds,

moss, and vines in varying stages of de—

cay, becomes filled with moisture with

each heavy rain and holds it for a con-

siderable time. The surplus water so

stored continues to be absorbed by the

upper humus-filled layers of earth. The

temperature is lower and the air is more

humid in the forest than in the open and

snow lies there much longer.



To the reasons already given must be

added the mechanical power of the roots

to go deep in the soil and break up the

ground, thus forming channels for the

ready'entrance of water in the earth.

\Vater is then stored in large quantities

which filters through the soil and passes

to great depths where it penetrates the

rock fitrata and replenishes the great un—

derground reservoirs from which it

emerges later as springs.



To prevent the enlarging of gullies and

prevent new erosions trees should be

planted upon these slopes and brush

dams built in the gullies.



In several states the state geologist has

been instructed to make an investigation

of the gullying of lands and the percent-

age of waste. This is evidence that it is

coming to be considered a serious prob-

lem.



The illustration on first page shows one

of the largest gullies in the state of

Michigan, located seven miles northwest

of Kalamazoo. It is one mile long and

(30 feet deep and resembles a canyon. It

shows, however, what all washouts will

become in time if the erosion is not

checked.





Galhoun Co. C. E. BARNES.





 





 





SEEDING STUBBLE FIELDS TO

CLOVER.





I have a field of rye which I seeded this

spring but lost the seeding. If I plow

imemdiately after harvest and seed to

clover would I be apt to get a catch‘: It

so, could I cut it for hay next year?

What kind of clover would be best, and

should I sow anything with it? Land in

fair condition.



Jackson Co. SUBSCRIBER.



Owing to the reported loss of the new

clover seeding over wide areas as a re-

sult of the long drought, the Ifnited

States Department of Agriculture has is-

sued a press circular urging the farmers

throughout the drought section to disk

the stubble fields and reseed to clover as

soon as the grain is drawn. The text of

this circular follows:



"The clover and grass seed sown this

spring in wheat, rye, and other grain,

has been parched up and killed, either

wholly or in part. on thousands of fields

in the central western and northern

states. This is a serious situation and

calls for prompt attention. If the clover

is not replanted it means no clover hay

next season and the planting of some

substitute crop for hay next spring at

considerably increased expense will prob-

ably be necessary. Not only that, but the

failure of the clover crop. means the loss

of the green manuring crop in the rota-

iion and a disarrangement of the whole

farm plan of crop rotation. The situa—

tion should be met at once. Every piece

of new seeding should be examined and,

if it has been burned up. steps taken to

replant it at once.



“One of the best ways known to get a

stand of clover is to disk the stubble

field as soon as the grain is off, allowing

the disk to run about three inches deep

and working the stubble into the soil.

The disking and cross disking should be

sufilcient to clean it of weeds and grass

and put the top three inches of soil in

fine tilth. Keep the ground cultivated

until the first soaking rain, then sow

about ten pounds of clover seed mixed

with six to eight pounds of timothy per

acre and liar-row the seed in. A still bet-

ter way than harrowing is to sow the

grass seed with a grain drill, letting the

seed run down the grain tubes (mm the

grates seed box and covering the seed





 





\





THE MICHIGAN » FARMER.





from one to one and one-half inches deep.



“By sowing clover and grass seed alone

in this manner, without a. nurse crop, it

makes much more rapid and vigorous

growth than when sown with grain. By

disklng the land also, a much better seed

bed is made than could be obtained by

plowing, since, when ground is ploWed in

dry weather it breaks up lumpy and lies

up loose and is very difficult to work

down into a compact seed bed such as is

essential for the best results with clover

and grass seed. In addition, the grain

stubble worked into the top soil by disk-

ing seems to form a top mulch especially

beneficial to clover.



“This method of seeding clover is be-

coming quite general in some of the mid-

dle eastern states where farmers over

large sections are giving up the prac—

tice of spring seeding with grain because

of frequent failure to catch and seeding

alone after the grain is cut instead. By

this method clover and grass seed may

be sown in the central and western states

as late as September 15, and still make

a good stand that will not winter-kill,

but in the extreme northern states the

seeding should not be made later than

August 15.



“To summarize, grass seedings in spring

grain have been burned out on thousands

of farms. Replant now by disking the

stubble about three inches deep and sow-

ing clover and grass seed alone without a

nurse crop by August 15.”



The much needed rains which have

fallen in many sections will make this

plan practicable. V‘Vhile the plan is not

always successful, in seasons when there

is a sufficient rainfall after the clover is

seeded very good stands may be secured

in this way. Compensation is one of the

great laws of nature, and it is not likely

that where the drought is now broken it

will be succeeded by another severe sum»

mer drought. Of course, this cannot be

known for a. certainty, but the plan

above outlined will be well worthy of a

trial upon many farms this season.



In the writer's opinion, it would be bet-

ter practice to disk the stubble ground

thoroughly than to plow it, as a better

seed bed could thus be provided for the





Rgawlnglel.





Horse Nettle. Solanum Carolina-u. 1.





clover. If plowed, it would need to be

repeatedly r'olled and narrowed to get a

firm seed bed, and_this would take more

time and delay the seeding to that ex-

tent. -





 





SEEDING CLOVER IN CORN.





 





While the seeding of. clover in standing

corn is not satisfactory in the majority

of seasons, there is occasionally a year

\where it can be done with success. A

year like the present, when an early

drought has killed the new seeding of

clover is about the only time when the

plan should be considered from an eco-

nomic standpoint, but in such a season it

may be expedient to vary the regular

crop rotation and give the plan a trial.

“'here there has been one long drought

early in the season, it is a reasonable

supposition that an August or September

drought is less likely to occur than where

there has been an abundance of rain

earlier in the season. Of course, this

does not necessarily follow, but where

there is no prospect for clover hay next

year from the spring sowing, it will be

profitable to have an eye out for favor-

able conditions for seeding clover in the

corn field.



If there is an abundance of moisture in

the corn field during the first two weeks

in August, there is at least a fair pros-

pect that there will be sufficient moisture

for the germination and growth of clever

if sown between the rows and lightly

covered with a spike tooth cultivator. I

have seen as good seedings result from

such sowing as I ever saw, and the fact

that the plan does not always succeed

should not entirely condemn it for emer-

gency use. Of course, if there is not a.

good supply of moisture when the seed

is sown one runs the imminent risk of los-

ing the seed and the labor of sowing it





   





Plant In Flower. z, Chute:- of Pro

U. 5. Department of Agriculture. -





JULY 29, 1911.





But if conditions appear to be favorable

at the time noted, and there is no other

prospect for clover hay next year, it is.

in my opinion a profitable venture to try

this method of seeding. Some will argue

that the corn stubble will interfere with

the cutting of the hay and will injure its

quality in any event, but if the plan is

a success the corn can be cut low and

the stubble' rolled down in the spring.

Anyhow, a good supply of clover hay,

even if it has some corn stubble in it, is

better than a snow bank for winter feed.

Oakland Co. A. R. FARMER.





 





THE IMPORTANCE OF PLOWING

EARLY FOR WHEAT.





The truth of this topic is so often

brought to the attention of Michigan

Farmer readers that it is unnecessary to

dwell long upon it. The difference in the

moisture condition of the ground of soil

plowed early, medium early, and late for

corn has been quite forcibly brought to

our attention this summer, as we have

three fields so plowed. I have noticed

that the early plowed ground seems to

retain the moisture longer after a rain,

which is probably due to the larger

amount it has retained in the subsoil,

and also that the corn has done better

on this soil while the late plowed ground

dries out more rapidly and the corn has

not made as good growth on this.



The same is true of ground plowed in

the summer, only more so since unplowed

or unworked soil will dry out more rap-

idly through evaporation at this time of

the year than in the spring. If the

ground that is to be put to wheat fol-

lowing wheat or oats can be plowed soon

after the crop is removed it will be in

condition to absorb the rains and if har-

rowed after rains before the crust forms

will retain much more of this moisture

than if unharrowed or unplowed, hence

the crop will have a better chance if the

autumn is at all dry.





Calhoun Co. S. B. HARTMAN.





 





THE HORSE NETTLE.





 





I enclose a piece of weed plucked from

a neighbor’s field. He did not know the

name or the nature of the weed, nor do

I. Will you kindly tell us by way of the

Michigan Farmer what is the name of

it, and also is it a menace to the farmer

who lets it grow on his place?



Allegan C0. SUBSCRIBER.





I enclose a. letter from a man signing

himself Subscriber of Michigan Farmer.

As you will see by the letter, he requests

that I identify the weed that he sent

and answer him through [your columns.



The weed is Horse Nettle, solanum

carolinense, one of the worst pests in-

troduced in Michigan and is a native of

the Atlantic sea board, and is now a bad

weed over a. large part of the country.

Spreading by its underground parts, it

has much the mode of life of the Canada

thistle and can be exterminated in the

same way, although it is simetimes more

difficult to kill this than the Canada this—

tle. The principle of the treatment in

both cases is to keep cutting off the

shoots as fast as they appear above the

ground and before they can make new

food in the sunlight. This constant forc-

ing of the roots to make new shoots

without giving them a chance to replen-

ish the food supply used up in this proc-

ess, eventually leads to the death of the

plant although it sometimes requires that

a badly infested field be kept in constant

cultivation one season and in hoed crops

the next season.





Agri. College. ERNEST. A. BESSEY.





During a three-year observation in

Canada it was found that the amounts

of nitrogen brought down to the soil in

rain and snow were 4.323, 8.364, and 6.869

lbs. per acre respectively. Approximately





'85 per cent of the total nitrogen was fur-





nished by the rain and 15 per cent by the

snow.





 





WATER WAY 0R RAIL WAY.



D. &. C. Lake Line Accepts Railway



Tickets.



All classes of tickets reading via the

Michigan Central, “’abash and Grand

Trunk Railways between Detroit and

Buffalo in either direction are available

for transportation on D. & C, Daily Line

Steamers. This arrangement enables the

traveler between eastern and western

states to forsake the hot, dusty cars and

enjoy the delights of a cool night’s rest

en route. Send stamp for booklet. Ad-

dress

DETROIT & CLEVELAND NAVIGA—



TION COMPANY.

6 Wayne Street, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





an“
*‘\





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





JULY 29. 1911.





WHAT BRAND OF FERTILIZER TO

USE.





a





I- intend using fertilizer next fall on

wheat ground. Would like to know what

formula you would advise.



Lenawee Co. 0- H-



The best analysis of fertilizer to use

depends upon the conditions, both of the

soil and crop, and one can hardly recom-

mend a particular formula without know-

ing more about the soil than is given in

A. O. H.’s letter. Then again, one can-

not always- tell whether a sandy soil is

deficient in potash or not or whether a

clay soil has a good per cent of available

phosphoric acid. The fact is, you have

got to know the history of the soil, how

it has been used, and the farmer must

.do some experimenting himself on his

own soil and with different crops if he

would find the most economical formula

to be-used in varied conditions.



Now, personally, on my soil, under my

conditions for wheat this fall I would

prefer to use the fertilizer analyzing 2:

8:2. “'e want a little nitrogen to give

the wheat plant a start. We need a lit-

tle potash, although most Michigan soils

have potash sufficient for wheat, but if

we are going to seed this wheat to clover

we will find use for the potash in the

clover crop which follows. Phosphoric

acid is undoubtedly the element most

needed by all crops under all conditions

in Michigan. But eight per cent of phos-

phoric acid to two per cent of ammonia

and two per cent of potash is a pretty

good formula. There is four times as

much phosphoric acid as potash or am-

monia. My judgment would be to use

from 300 to 500 lbs. of 2:8:2 or any other

brand having about the same proportion

of ingredients.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





SOME PRINCIPLES OF WEED CON-

TROL.





T‘Veeds may be roughly divided into two

classes: those which grow and spread

entirely from seed, and those which, in

addition to this, propagate by means of

perennial roots or underground stems.

The first class is made up largely of an-

nuals, plants which start from seed, pro—





, duce flowers and ripen seeds the same





season, after which the whole parent





' ‘ THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





plant‘d‘ies. The pigweeds, tumbleweeds

and mustard are examples of such weeds.

They are best controlled by rooting them

up when young, as in hoeing, cultivating,

pulling by -hand and, in some cases, by

chemical sprays. To prevent their going

to seed is the principal thing.



In the second class are found the Can-

ada thistle, and field morning glory.

Such plants, when once established, are

very persistent and constitute our worst

weed pests. “'hen cut off or pulled up,

new sprouts soon appear from the under-

ground parts, while cultivation in the

ordinary way often serves to scatter

pieces of the plant to other parts of the

field where they may take root. The only

remedy consists in digging out and re-

moving every part of the plant, in chok—

ing it out by means of some stronger

growing crop plant, such as alfalfa, or





by starving the underground parts of the.





plant. The last method is accomplished

most frequently by careful and constant

hand hocing and pulling, on small areas,





 





supplemented by thorough cultivation on.





large areas. To be effective this method

requires that every sprout which comes

above the surface be cut off, or pulled,

or otherwise destroyed.



The food for Such plants is manufac-

tured in the leaves that come to the

light, hence if every sprout is cut off be-

fore the leaves have time to get to work,

it is merely a question of one or two

seasons until the underground parts are

no longer able to put up new sprouts.



Anything that kills the foliage will also

accomplish the same thing. Unfortu—

nately most of these plants are not great-

ly injured by chemicals other than those

that are poisonous also to animal life.



Turning the infested area into a sheep

or hog pasture for two or three years,

especially if the animals are somewhat

crowded, has been found effective in

some cases, such as land infested with

the field morning glory.



In any case persistent, thorough work

is necessary to success in eradicating

weed pests of this character, and the

best time to begin is just as soon as the

weed is discovered and before it covers

large areas.





Col. Agri. Col. B. O. LONGYEAR.





 





 





“Vestern packers have slaughtered from

March 1 to latest accounts, 10,470,000

hogs, a gain of 2,955,000 compared with

a year ago. The number packed for the

same time two years ago was 9,230,000





hogs.





 





 





most satisfactory to sell.





fine ground and perfectly dr

Phosphoric Acid. The ac





We want agents where we are not now represented.

territory and particulars.





The American Agricultural Chemical Company





Detroit Sales Department, DETROIT, MICH.





LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH GRADE FER TILIZERS IN THE WORLD





are





 





. . _ 'tual analysis is about 36% Available.

15 produced entirely from high grade animal bone, and is considered to be the best

form of Phosphoric Ac1d for fertilizing wheat.





Make Something:





Save Something.

You can do both





soil builders and need no argument; to sell the second year, for the

crops they produce are their best advertisement.

introduced, a permanent demand is established.

the most profitable to use and agents for that reason find them the

Write us for prices and terms.





by using and selling the

A. A. C. Fertilizers which





wheat makers and





Wherever they are

Farmers find them





While the supply lasts, we will furnish this season A Banner Dissolved Bone,

y, guaranteed to analyze not less than 34% Available





This Fertilizer





\Vrite us today for your home





 





 

 

 

 





than wheat.





Potash.





Wheat and Clover





Many farmers stick to wheat raising

mainly because clover follows it in the rotation.

But why not get the best possible out of both crops?

N0 crop returns better profit for the right fertilizer





What is the right fertilizer? That depends on the soil and

on what fertilizer you have used on it.

used phosphate the sooner it will pay you to balance it with





POTASH





Insist on your wheatfertilizer containing 6 to 8 per cent. of

Potash Pays on both wheat and clover.





If your dealer does not carry Potash. write us for prices.

naming quantity needed,

"Fall Fertilizers” and ‘

how to save money and increase profits.





GERMAN KALI WORKS.





B a l t I m o r e :

Chlcndo : Monadnock Block

New Orleans : WhilneyCenii-nl





‘Home Mixing.” They will show you





 

 

 





 

   

 





The longer you have





   

   

   

   





and ask for our free books,





 

 

   

   

 





I n c .

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Bonk Bldd.





 

 





 





 





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BUNGHETE III THE COUNTRY.





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THE DAIRY BARN.





 





. Sele< 311g a proper location for the barn

is the rst consideration in building. The

proper iiealthfulness of the site chosen

is a V -y important point as the health

of the :nimals depends to a large extent

upon he conditions surrounding the

barn.



As 4 ry a spot as possible should be





sclectcl as the cows will be more healthy

in a. <1 '37 atmosphere than a moist one.

It has: been said, and it is a fact, that

the hculthfulness of a location diminishes

as the amount of soil moisture increases.

That being true it is essential to select

a spot that. has good underground drain-

age as well as having a slope which will

provide. surface drainage.



Und:.rground drainage depends upon

the character of the soil. A loose gravel-

ly soil drains more readily and will be

drier. It will also be a less favorable

place for the breeding of bacteria and

consequently will bc more healthful. A





clay foil retains moisture longest and

will he damp, and in some cases un-

healthful.





The dairy barn nceds sunshine. As is

well known, sunshine is the greatest de-

stroyer of bacteria in the world. Trees

are all right at some distance from the

barn to protect the building and yards

from the wind but there is no building

where shade is so harmful as it is to a

dairy barn.



In order to get the greatest benefit from

the sunshine the section of the barn con-

taining the cows should stand north and

south, being wide enough to accommodate

two rows of cows. in each wall, the

east and the west sides, two rows of

windows are to be constructed. The

lower row on the east will light the stalls

on the side next to it during the forenoon

and the upper row will throw light to

'the line of cows on the west side. In the

afternoon the stalls will be lighted in the

§ame manner from the windows on the

-u est side. .\ southern slope permits

more sunshine to fall on the barn and

yards and makes them more sanitary.



An underground or basement barn

should never be constructed for dairy

cows. True enough, it is a little cooler

in summer and somewhat warmer in

winter. But it is always damp. The

sunshine never gets as good a chance at

it. The basement barns have proven

themselves to be about the worst style of

a barn that could be construcicd for in-

(reasing tuberculosis in cows. The writ-

er recalls to mind a certain dairy barn

in the state of \Visconsin where, out of

110 cows kept in a bascmeni burn all but

two were condemned for tuberculosis.



'l‘he dairy barn and its location should

harmonize with the other farm buildings.

To have the buildings arranged with

some degree of artistic taste is a source

of pride to the owner, an inspiration to

his family, and an excellent advertise—

ment for his farm. Convenience with the

other farm buildings is also important.

as very much time may be saved in the

distribution of feed and in the general

labor of the place if the buildings are

properly grouped with relation to each

oiher.



Little Details that Become Big Factors In

Getting Results.





Convenience within the barn itself is

a big factor in saving labor and in se-

curing effective results from labor ex-

pended in the barn. Suppose that the

services of three men are required in a

barn. If each wastes ten minutes of

time every day because of some unhandy

arrangement, they will waste a total of

more than eighteen days during a year.

The writer was looking at a new dairy

barn not long ago that in most respects

was very good. Indeed, it was almost

ideal in some. Yet it had the feed bins

at one end and the two silos at the oth-

or. The plan in the barn was to throw

down silage from the silo in the afternoon

some time before feeding. Then, when

feeding twice per day it meant that a

man would walk the length of the barn

and back three times per day, which

meant 600 feet each day. Granting that

they fed silage eight months, or 240 days

each year, a man would walk, unneces-

sarily, 144,000 feet in a year on that ac—

count. Reduced to miles it would mean

a 28-mi’le hike across a cement floor at a

time when a man is usually tired and

when he really has no time to spare.

This case is given, not so much to indi-





THE MICHIGAN PARMER.





cats the best location for a silo, but to

emphasize the need for convenience in





. arrangement.





Ceilings in the cow barn should be

about eight feet above the floor. Lower

than that is apt to provide insufficient

ventilation and if higher the barn is apt

to be cold. As a general practice it is

not advisable to store hay or straw above

the cows, the objections being that chaff

is continually falling into the milk pails,

that ventilation is hindered, and that the

hay becomes saturated with gases from

the cows. Those objections are all very

sound it is true. However, if the ceiling

is made of grooved boards carefully plac—

ed together. and if plenty of ventilating

shafts are provided, little harm will come

from those sources.



The writer, as mentioned above,

strongly prefers the barn which stands

north and south and has two rows of

cow stalls. With three or more rows of

stalls the interior rows do not get a

sufficient amount of fresh air and sun-

shine. With only one row of stalls the

extra labor made necessary more than

offsets the small gain made thereby.



To have the cows face outward has

several distinct advantages. Only one

litter carrier is needed, which will pass

between the two gutters. Thus the two

sides may be cleaned at one trip of the

carrier. Or, if preferred, the manure

spreader may be driven through. A

wagon containing bedding may be driven

through and the bedding distributed in a.

fraction of the time it would take to

carrv it along were the stalls arranged

the other way. Then, any splashing that

may be done from the gutters will fall

on the central alleyway instead of on the

walls. This system is a little more con-

venient when milking, especially where

machines are to be used.



Floors and Interior Furnishings.



What about material for the floor? For

the central alleyway, the feed way and

the gutters. cement is certainly the most

sanitary. For the stalls cement is apt to

be too cold and damp. That is due to

the fact that cement is one of the most

rapid conductors of heat known. For

that reason it very rapidly takes away

heat from the part of the body touching

it and produces chilling and even rheu—

matism in the cows. The mangers may

well be of cement, made in one continu-

ous trough the full length of the row of

stalls. Iron divisions for this trough.

that can be raised or lowered, will par-

tition it off at feeding time. Such a

manger can be swept out and used for

a watering trough as well as for feeding.



Each individual stall should be about

four-and-one-half feet in length from the

manger to the gutter. Three-and-a-half

feet is about the proper width. Both

length and width of stalls vary some-

what according to the kind of cows that

are to he kept. Jerseys will require less

space than Holsteins or Shorthorns, for

instance. lutters should be 14 or 16

inches in width and with seven feet be-

tween them in a double row barn. Each

alleyway should be about four feet and

the mangers two feet in width. A few

new barns have the floors of the feed-

ing alleys raised to a. level with the top

of the mangers, which are about 16

inches deep. Having the floors raised in

this way makes it a little easier to feed

hay and when the cow drops a little hay

on the outer edge of the manger it does

not fall out of her reach. as is the case

otherwise. This feature is not common

but is certainly worthy of consideration.



The interior furnishings of the barn

should be as plain and as sanitary as

possible. Stall hangers and partitions

should be of iron, as that material will

furnish a minimum amount of space for

the harboring of bacteria. Swinging

stanchions will be about the most com—

fortable to the cows and the most con-

venient to the men, of all styes of fast-

enings.



Warmth and Ventilation.



The dairy barn should be made warm

and comfortable. The dairy cow is thin-

skinncd and has but little fat stored up

in her body. For that reason she needs

mo: e protection from the cold of winter.

Vthn a cow has to use her body as a.

source of heat it not only decreases her

milk secretion to the extent that it re-

moves materials that should have gone

into the milk but decreases her bodily





vigor and reduces her milk secreting





tendencies.



Fresh air must be provided. For that

either of two systems may be used. One

is a. simple window inlet with central

shafts leading to small enpolas on the

roof for outlets. A simple way of ar-

ranging the windows and one which

avoids drafts is to put hinges on the low-





er edge of the upper section of the win-

dow. Then a triangular tin or piece of

board is put up at either end of the sash

in such a way that when the sash is

opened the triangular pieces keep wind

from entering at the ends and the sash

itself keeps it from blowing straight in.

The outlet chute should commence with-

in a foot of the floor. A chute two feet

square is generally considered sufficient

for twenty cows. If it is so desired the

chutes may be made telescope fashion so .

that they may be raised or lowered.

This is a convenient arrangement when

driving through the burn or in summer

when the cows are kept in only a part

of the time.



The other system of ventilation is the

well known King system. It differs from

that described in that the intake is dif-

ferent. The outlet being the same, the

outside inlet is near the ground. From

there the air passes upward through a

4x10-inch passage and enters the room

near the ceiling. Upon entering the room

it forces the impure air downward and

up and out through the chutes. An ob—

jection frequently raised to the King

system is that it depends upon the air

within the stable being warmed by the

animals’ bodies sufficiently to cause it to

rise. In extremely cold weather that is

accomplished so slowly that the air be-

comes impure before it is warmed enough

to cause the air to change.





“'9 have yet to consider separator

room and feed room. Sufiice it to say

that the feed room should be partitioned

off from the main barn; also the separa—

tor room, as the stable gases are apt to

contaminate the milk if this is not done.

It is a. good plan to have double doors

between the barn and milk room if it is

not entirely detached. Plenty of good

pure water should be piped into the barn

and used generously in keeping the barn

clean, as well as in supplying cooling

draughts for the cows.



Iowa. H. E. MCCARTNEY.





COTTONSEED VS. OIL MEAL.





 





In your reply to a former feeding query

you leave it optional with the feeder

.whether he uses cottonseed meal, oil meal

or gluten feed. Are their feeding proper-

ties the same? I have been told that

the action of cottonseed meal and 011‘

meal on animals was exactly opposite,

the oil meal being a laxative and the cot-

tonseed meal a mild astringent. Also,

that cottonseed meal contains double the

protein of oil meal.



Of course, in furnishing milk for a

condensing plant what we desire most is





quantity Most any cow will furnish

milk of the required richness.

St. Joseph (‘0. R. A. “T.





The statement is correct that cotton—

seed meal is slightly constipating in ef—

fect and oil meal slightly laxative. How-

ever, the properties of these feeds are

not strong enough in either one to make

very much difference when fed in con-

nection with other feed. Where one feeds

clover hay and corn silage it would be

hardly possible to notice the constipating

effect of cottonseed meal and, in fact,

you can feed oil meal, although it is

slightly laxative, with clover hay and

cottonseed meal and not have it injurious

to the cow. I know of a. good dairyman

who feeds oil meal almost entirely as a

grain ration. He feeds, for roughage,

clover hay and corn silage. He gets

splendid results and does not have any

injurious effects so far as can be ascer-

iained.



i left it optional with these three feeds

because usually the difference in price

at which they can be bought is such that,

being based upon the protein content of

each, it makes little difference to the

dairyman which one he buys. Cottonseed

meal is the richest of the three in DTO‘

tein and usually you can buy a pound of

digestible protein in cottonseed meal

cheaper than you can in either one of the

other foods. 0n the other .hand, most

people prefer oil :neal because it does

have a tendency to keep the digestive

tract of the animal in a little better con—

dition than the cottonseed meal. Gluten

feed is becoming quite popular. It is the

product of the corn starch factory or the

sugar factory and is a wholesome. easily

digested food.



The object of every dairyman, in com-

pounding a ration, is to get one that

will cause his cows to produce the largest

yield of milk. That is what we are all

after. We learned long ago that the ra-

tion has very little effect upon the rich-

ness of the milk. That rests almost e‘n-

tirely with the individuality of the cow.

What we are after is a ration that will

cause the cow to do her best, and differ-

ent rations compounded from different

foods will produce practically the same

results. We have to take into considera-





 





JULY 8, 1911.





 





Get a .

SHARPLES

Tubular Cream Separator

le THE FIRST PLACE





umuum-"mrucm" They'll!

slow unborn-avidly disk-mama cheap can

more arching warm-Ian.





Others ave paid good mon to learn that

disks are‘hnot needed in a moeciem separator,

and that cheap machines lose their cost in

cream the first year.





Why should you pay for the same experience?





Sharpie: Dairy Tubulars are built in the only

known way which overcomes the many parts

and faults of others. Patented. Cannot

be imitated. Nod disks. Twice the skim-

min: force of others. Skim faster and

twice as clean. Wear a lifetime. Guar-

anteed forever by America s oldest and

world; bigges't sewgécomm Re-

pea e 1 pay or ves 1 ‘

what others lose.



These are the

reasons why you

will never be sally

tied with any otllel'

-—why you will

finally have 3 Tu-



bular - why you

should get a

Tubular





 

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





l ll

theiirstplace.





without spending

one cent.

Other sepa-

rators taken

in exchange

for'tnlmlnn.

Writeforcat-

slog No. 152





THE SHAH SEPARATOI C0.





H.388

0h! mwgagTrg'nlduo. 30%|.“ P M0

0

Toronto. On... Winnipeg, n.





Fill Your Silo First





Pay Afterwards





We went to prove to you that our machine-

In a. good investment before you give up

your money. We know they are so good that

'0 do not feel it nrllk to

nuke this offer. Just tell

In your 1





 





 





hug] yogi-{experience behind it-uonoxporionco

then my other machinery 01m kind mode. It In.

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0m- largo fro. may allow. our complete line.

'ritcfor ll.

I. W. ROSS (=0.on 14 Springfield, Ohlo





We also nanotechn- the Ron Silo





 





 





 

 

 

 





Keeps flies and all

insects and pests of!

animals — in barn or

tare—longer than any 1mi-

tation. Used and endorsed

since 1885 by leading dairy-

men and farmers.





$1 worth saves $20.00





. in milk and flesh on each

cow in asingl’o season. Cures so,res stops itching

and prevents infection. Nothing better for galls.

Kills lice and mites in. poultry houses.

SEND $1, if eyour dealer can 't supply you. fl)?

Boob -Fl y to protect 200

M... .... mm, .3 mm was“

1 can a! to

for Booklet. free. Special terms if: noggin“.





Shoo-Fly Mfg. Co. Dept.” 1310 N. 1011. 31.11.11.113.





Editor known from experience that Shoo-Ply is 0. I.





cows. andr” our 8- tn





 





 





Everlasting

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M'ade [of Best Ohio Clay,

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Write us for prices and fur-

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Moulfircl‘roofingu

lu- 6.68%.”;





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

   





, , Drills Z~Seedersi

.uw Are the Leaders





THERE ADE MANY PEASONS WHY

UOflQC‘QC MAIN ‘CAC uca 1.4;: Drum“; AC” 1;.—





tbo mm.

m 1“ m on “'m 1' 'h“ It“
' 5..





 





 





 





JULY 29, 1911.





tion the economy of the ration, and of

course, the proper proportion of the.pro‘-

tein and the carbohydrates, and if we ’can

get a'proper rati’onwith cottonseed meal

cheaper than We can with oil meal, then

it would‘be good policy .to feed cotton-

seed meal instead of the oil meal with

the gluten. If he proportions his grain

correctly and gives the desired amount 0'!

dry matter and the: primer amount of

protein and carbohydrates, he will get

practically the same results, and so the

dairyman will be governed almost en-

tirely by the cost of the ration, which

would depend largely upon the market

price of these ingredients. In other

words, you would feed a cow for butter-

fat the same ration that you would for

a larger milk yield. You can't get the





-TH-E‘ MICHIG.AN FARMER;





pose of him. I replied that I should

never dISpose of him. I shall keep him

until he diesrand then I expect to have

his hide tanned with the hair on and use

the hide as a rug in the house.



I am aware that some people ruin young

bulls. They buy a calf and before he

gets to be a year old they allow him so

much service that he is practically

ruined. Then, again, a great many bulls

are not kept properly. They are con-

fined too much. You take a young bull





and tie him up by the nose in a dark

box stall and keep him there year in and

year out and I have no doubt that his

health will be impaired before he has de-

veloped his three important character-

istics.

l-Te ought not to be confined.





A .bull ought to have exercise.

Where it





 





 





 





 





Four-year-old Holstein- Friesian Cow,





Daisy Grace DeKol.





Under oflficial tests this cow produced 521.3 lbs. of 4.99 per cent milk in seven

days, 2,284.6 lbs. of 4.39 per cent milk in 30 days, 4,804.5 lbs. of 4.0.5 per cent





milk in 60 days and 7,104.8 lbs. of 3.97





per cent milk in 90 days. She claims the





distinction of having produced more butter (321/2 lbs.) in 7 days than any other

cow of her age, and her 60 and 90-day yields are world's records for a junior





four—year-old or younger cow.

Dimmick 8; Bro., of Ohio.





This valuable animal is the property of Dan





 





yield “got bit , r-tat unless you get the

yielfifn‘fll ,f'b'e‘c‘ause the milk contains

the tier-fat. If..you increase the yield

of milk‘ you increase the yield of butter-

fat, not by having a milk richer in per

cent of fat but by getting a larger

quantity.





BEST AGE FOR SERVICE BULL.





 





Is a bull that has been properly treated

and well cared for until four years of

age as valuable for service as when he

was 18 months old? In other words, is

his stock as good?



Ingham CO. H. IV. S.





If the bull is properly taken care of,

providing he is healthy and sound con—

stitutionally, he ought to be in better

condition and ought to be more vigorous

at four years of age than he is at one

year or 18 months. Many a bull has

lived to be 10 or 12 or 15 years of age and

was vigorous during his entire life. Some

of the best bulls of every breed have

lived to be of that age. As a matter of

fact, you do not know the value of a bull

until he is four years old. There is no

way of judging accurately the value of a

dairy sire until his heifers mature as

cows. That would be when they are two

years old, and this will make the bull

four years old. A man would be foolish

indeed, after he had. paid a good price

for a promising sire, a good individual,

and one well bred, to dispose of him be-

fore his heifers became cows, because

that is the only accurate way in which

you can judge the bull. We want indi-

viduality, we want performance in ances~

try or a good pedigree, but above all we

want a sire that will transmit these de—

sirable qualities to his female offspring,

and how can we tell about this until the

heifers are old enough so that we can

judge them at the milk pail. Therefore,

no promising dairy sire ought to be dis-

posed of until after he is four years old.

Then, if he does not prove to be what

one desires, the sooner he is disposed of

the better. On the other hand, if he does

prove to be a valuable sire the longer

you can keep him the better for your

herd.



I have in my own herd at the present

time one service bull that is nearly 14

years old and he is apparently as vig-

orous and gets just as vigorous calves as

he did when he was a year old. I have

kept him because he has proven his

worth as a sire. A neighbor asked me a

short time ago when I was going to dis-





:s ,w - a... w,





,9;





is possible in the summer time he ought

to have a pasture. Grain ought to be

taken away from him and this can be

done, and even in winter he ought not

to be confined in a box stall but allowed

a yard in which he can take some exer-

cise. He should not be kept in too warm

a stable. Have the door to the bull stand

open and let him pass in and out as he

chooses day and night, no matter if it is

cold weather; he will take care of him-

self if he can only have exercise, and he

will live longer and keep healthier than

if confined.





 





PROPER DISTANCE OF SILO FROM

BARN.





In building a stave silo, how far should

it be built from the barn, and how wide

should the chute be? How much smaller

should the foundation be than the silo?

\Vould the. silo shrink if painted outside

and properly tarred on the inside. as

much as one not painted or tarred. or

one painted on outside only? Will silage

keep better if the edges of the staves are

painted as silo is erected? IVhat would

be the damage to the silage if the bottom

of the pit was below the water line, in

the spring, on low land? Should the pit

necessarily extend below the frost line?

If not, will the foundation heave and

settle? \Vhat is the best roof for a silo,

not considering price alone but the lon-

gevity of roof?



Calhoun Co. J. E. M.



As a rule most silos are built too close

to the barn to be handy. It is an ex-

cellent thing to have them built far

enough away so that you could build a

little room between the bottom of the

silo and the barn, to he used as a storage

place for the ensilage cuttcr, or for the

accumulation of enough ensilage. to last

for the morning feed. In this way you

can throw it down in the afternoon for

the evening and morning feed in cold

weather. Of course, this will not do in

real hot weather, because, when it is

exposed to the air in real hot weather it

will spoil, but itgcan be done in winter.

I have one silo that was built so close

to the barn that it is absoltuely unhandy

in this respect, and another one that is

built about the proper distance from it.

I would say, build it eight or 10 feet

from the barn and then on the ground

connect it with a building six or seven

feet wide. Put a good cement bottom in

this as well as in the silo and you will

not regret it. You will find it an ex-

tremely handy room. Of course, the en—

silage chute proper need not be so large

as this; what you want is a chute about





 





three feet square extending from this lit-

tle room to the top of the silo over the

door—just large enough so that a man

can climb up and down on a. ladder eas-

ily and have room to throw down the

silage into what we- might call the en-

silage room.



The foundation of the silo on the inside

wants to be, if possible, of exactly the

same diameter as the stave part so that

there will be no obstruction to the set-

tling of the ensilage. I do not think the

silo will shrink enough so that there will

be any danger of its being smaller than

the foundation. If it (lid it could be

opened up a little and another stave put

in, but I do not think this would be nec-

essary. I would not paint the silo on the

inside or tar it; simply paint it on the

outside, and this is more for looks than

anything else. Of course. the silo shrinks

when it is empty. Sometimes the hoops

havc to be tightened a little bit so that

it will not weave and work too much in

the wind, but as soon as the moist corn

is put into it again the wood absorbs the

moisture from the corn and swells, mak-

ing the silo tight. One has to be careful

in tightening up the hoops so as not to

tighten them too much, or else he must

loosen them again just before filling the

.silo.



There will be absolutely no damage

lmlow the water line, providing, of

course. that yOu plastered it up on the

inside with good rich cement mortar and

tine sharp sand so as to keep out the

Willi-1'. You can go down into the ground

as «loop as you want to with the silo if

you only plaster it properly on the inside,

just as you would :I cistern. On the

l'rohcrt farm, at Jackson, the silo pits

are entirely in the ground, or nearly so,

extending down into the ground 15 or 20

feet and these are properly cemented.

The ensilage keeps perfectly and the

water does not come through. The foun-

dation of a silo ought to go down into

the ground two or three feet so as to get

below the frost line, because if the ground

beneath the foundation freezes and then

thaws it will heave and affect the foun-

dation.



The best kind of a roof for a silo, as I

have (lcscribed in The Farmer a number

of times, is a flat roof made by putting

2x10‘s across the center of the silo three

feet apart, leaving a continuous space

entirely across the silo. Then, at the

ends and the edge put a 2x8, a 2x6 and

a 2x4. Nail on matched lumber and saw

it offiround around the edges to fit the

silo. You can put on any kind of tarred.

rooting. Now nail the 2x6 on top of the

2x105: that you put in the center and then

make a cap, to go over these, of the





 





(5) 77





Please mention the l'llchlznn Former when

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SOWING WHEAT BETWEEN CORN:

ROWS. ;

It surely pays to sow wheat between

rows of standing corn under certain

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late in maturing, the farmer can go on

with his seeding and get his crop in the

ground in ample time by using a Supe-

rior one-horse five disc or five hoe drill.

These drills are made in the following

styles: Five Disc Plain Grain and Com-

bined Grain and Fertilizer styles, also

Five Hoe in same styles. Grass seed at-

tachments can be furnished for any of

these drills. These one-horse machines

have the same style feeds as on large size

Superior Grain Drills. They are fully and

unreservedly guaranteed by the makers,

The American Seeding-Machine Co., In-

corporatcd, Springfield, Ohio. Write for

the Superior catalogue and if you are

contemplating the purchase of a drill of

this kind go to your implement dealer and

insist on seeing the Superior. Remember,

“The name tells a true story.”





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The Best Type of Horses for Farmers to

Breed. '





,There is a great deal in all the farm

papers about the large breeds of horses.

but I see very little concerning the small

stock and driving horses. Is there a dis-

tinct breed called the Morgan? If so,

can you describe it and give general

prices and where they can be purchased?

And if you can, also give the names of

other breeds of this class. The large

horses are the thing for large farms and

heavy work but for a small farm or for

driving something smaller is more sat-

isfactory.



Isabella Co. SUBSCRIBER.





There is a distinct breed or strain of

horses, of purely American origin, known

as the Morgan. This strain of blood is

traceable to a single ancestor, ‘Justin

Morgan, foaled in Vermont in 1793. The

breeding of this horse is a matter of dis-

pute. Various pedigrees have been as-

signed to him, but there is now a quite

generally accepted belief that, he carried

a large proportion of Thoroughbred blood.

Be that as it may. he was a phenomenal

horse, both in individual characteristics

and prepotency._ He was small, but of

astonishing strength, stamina, style and

courage, and these characteristics were

passed on through his get to many fu-

ture generaltions with unusual constancy.

The Morgan type may be briefly described

as short of leg, thick and round of body

with great courage, docility and a. high

order of horse intelligence. They pos-

sessed good style and ,action, were fast

walkers, good roaders and possessed the

strength and courage required to pull a.

much heavier load than most horses of

much greater weight. In fact, it was

claimed that Justin Morgan could walk

faster, trot faster, run faster and pull a

heavier load than any horse which was

entered against him in the many local

uitlity contests in which he was entered.

The Morgan type so generally possessed

these useful characteristics that it be-

came exceedingly“ popular for road and

general farm use. This great popularity

of the type caused a correspondingly

great diffusion of the Morgan blood in

that of the common stock of the country,

but so. great .was the prepotency of the

strain that the general characteristics

above noted were transmitted for many

generations where but a fraction of the

blood was possessed. Thus the type be-

came widely distributed throughout the

older sections of the country and was

familiar to many people. It was a favor-

ite type with many, as with the writer,

who for many years drove a team of

horses carrying a fair infusion of Mor-

gan blood and posswsing the character-

istics w‘ the type to a marked degree.

These horses were bred and died on the

farm, L-‘fld retained their strength and

vigor in an advanced age. One of them

was (-l:?)r0formed at the age of 35 and

the 0th"? was killed by a bolt of lighten-

ing When he was 36 years old.



But ii is very diffusion of the Morgan

blood. =id the importation and develop-

ment of special purpose types of horses

within ihe past half century, brought

abou: ii-e decadence of the Morgan horse.

\Vhiic 1. aces of the blood are to be found





in Sum of the fastest trotters and a

measnr. of it is to be found in the Am—

erica). utited saddle horse, the breed or

straii- 3;.18 been almost sacrificed in the





furnishing of stamina and endurance for

the in :. dation stock for these types and





for thr nommon horse stock of the coun—

try. l’. vever, at the present time an

effort !:‘-‘ being made to restore the breed





to its iginal excellence and popularity.

A him: .n stud book is maintained and

govern : cnt aid has been extended to at-

temp: is rehabilitation. The best speci—

mens . v the breed to be found have been

I)\.ll"(""<2‘.-'i by the government and these

animal: are being mated under govern-

ment ~‘ oervisicn. There are also sev-

eral pr'ate breeding establishments de-





voted similar work, and there are a

numh of good stallions carrying con-

sider:' ‘ Morgan blood and possessing





the . ‘acteristics of the breed to a





marlr legree scattered throughout the

count" Owing to their scarcity, how-

ever. .. l to the present demand for good

indiviw .ls carrying Morgan blood, these





are r1: easy to obtain at the present





time.

WFA‘LQT attempts to bring the Morgan





horse l' ck to his former status in this

counir“ "'ill be successful, however, is a

matter if doubt. Modern conditions de-

mand heavier class of horses for farm





work





.ld the special purpose draft breeds





THE . MICHIGAN FARMBR.





and their grades have largely supplanted

this smaller type of horses-on the farms

of the country. Even the larger general

purpose breeds, such as the coachers

and the Cleveland Bays, have been un-

able to gain and retain public favor in

comparison with the Percherons, for in-

stance, on the farms of the country, while

the great development of the American

Trotter has displaced the more general

purpose Morgan type for the road, and

the Hackney, which is of the strong gen-

eral purpose type where not bred for

extreme action, has not attained great

popularity except as a show horse. It is

to be hoped, however, that the attempt

may prove successful, for there is cer-

tainly a very useful place upon our farms

for a medium sized, general purpose horse

of this type.



At present, however, the farmer who

would breed horses of this type can do

no better than to mix the available draft

and trotting blood or resort to the breed-

ing of coachers to supply his needs in

this respect, although this line of breed-

ing, especially the mixing of breeds. is

unsatisfactory in a majority of cases,

and does not offer the remuneration in

the market value of the produce which

will be found in the breeding of drafters

and expressers by the use of draft stal-

lions on the common or grade farm

mares, the product of which mating is

also a more valuable animal for heavy

farm work. In fact, under existing con-

ditions, it is probably the cheaper and

more satisfactory way for the farmer

with a small area of land who keeps only

one team and needs horses of a general

purpose type, to buy them in the open

market, rather than to attempt to pro-

duce them by the crossing of breeds and

take the chance of producing misfit ani-

mals which will not satisfy his needs and

which will have small market value.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Weaning the Pigs.





My spring pigs, now about four months

old, are still nursing the sow. Is it right

or wrong to allow it?



Lapeer C0. M. A. C.





It is poor practice to let the pigs suckle

the dam for so long a period, for several

reasons. First, it is bad for the sow.

especially if an immature animal, since

the pigs continue to be a heavy drain on

her system, precluding all possibility of

getting two litters a year and stopping

the growth of the sow or preventing her

recuperation from the strain of mater-

nity. It is also bad for the pigs, since

under average conditions the pigs will

not get enough of the right kind of food

to eat when they are fed with the sow

and perhaps with other hogs under these

conditions. For best results with the

pigs they should have supplementary

feeding after they are three or four

weeks old and while still running with

the sow. This can be provided in a

trough placed in a small pen or yard to

which the sow cannot gain access, and

a little sweet skim~milk and middlings,

with perhaps a little molasses and some

ground oats with the hulls sifted out.

But little will be needed at a. time, but

in this manner the pigs can be taught

to eat early in life and when weaned at

the age of eight, or at the latest, ten

weeks, they will go right on growing

without any setback from the weaning

period. Then the sow will recuperate

quickly after weaning, and may be bred

again for a second litter if desired.



Without question, it pays to give the

young pigs the best of care and feed dur-

ing the first few months of their lives,

since the early gains are the cheapest

gains they ever make. But if the best

results are to be secured they must be

fed in properly assorted bunches and up-

on the proper kind of feed. If they are

left to rustle for a share of the feed fed

to them in common with the older and

stronger hogs they will fare badly, as,

unless the feeding is exceptionally liberal

and suitable for the pigs they will be

handicapped in the eating race, and will

be badly mauled besides.



Weaning the Lambs.



Too many sheep owners delay the

weaning of the lambs long after this im-

portant factor of flock management

should have attention. For best results

the early lambs should be weaned in July

and turned into some fresh succulent pas-

ture. If summer forage has been pro-

vided by sowing rape for the purpose,

this will be an easy matter. but if no

such provision has been made they should

be turned into the meadows after haying

until some other feed is available. This

is bad for the meadows, but it is essen-

tial that the lambs have good feed after

weaning if they are to make a profitable





growth and reach an early maturity. If

no other provision has been made for

supplementary feed, some early sown rye

will help out in the solution of the prob-

lem within a few weeks and will prove a

profitable investment. If there is no oth-

er place to sow it, sow it in the corn at

the last cultivation and turn the lambs

into the corn field after it has attained

sufficient growth to afford them good

grazing. They will do little if any injury

to the corn until the ears are approach-

ing maturity, by which time other pas-

tures will have made a fresh growth. Of

course, no set rule can‘ be laid down for

the providing of suitable feed for the

lambs after weaning, but a determined

effort should be made to provide it, since

the profit in the lamb crop depends to

no small degree on the growth the lambs

make on pasture and the thrift in which

the end of the pasturing season finds

them.



As above noted, it is a mistake to let

the lambs run with the ewes after the

pastures get poor and the ewes shrink in

their milk flow. Most of the ewes will

provide little nourishment for their lambs

under these conditions, and those that

do will provide it at the expense of their

own condition. Thus the lambs will

grow unevenly and the deepest milking

ewes will become very thin and will not

have sufficient time to recuperate their

vigor before the arrival of the breeding

season this fall. On the other hand, if





the lambs are weaned in season and giv—'





en good pasture and a little supplement-

ary grain feed, the ewes will have “dried

up" before the fresh pasture starts up

and will have an opportunity to regain

their vitality and get a needed covering

of flesh before the mating season ar-

rives.



Few farmers make a. practice of feed—

ing grain to the lambs while they are on

pasture. We believe it is a safe asser-

tion, however, that gran can at no time

be fed with greater profit than just after

weaning. If the early lambs were properly

started they should have learned to eat

grain before being turned to pasture. and

will readily take to it after weaning.

But if they have not yet learned to eat

grain, a little time and patience on the

part of the feeder will soon learn them

the habit and they will soon all be eat-

ing. Heavy feeding is not required, but

a light feed of bran and oats or oats with

a little oil meal .will provide them with

needed nourishment and they will go

right on growing without seriously miss-

ing the milk ration which is abruptly cut

off at weaning. Good water should, of

course, always be available, and with

good pasture and a. moderate supple-

mentary grain ration the lambs will

make a surprising growth at a fraction

of the cost of the gains which will' be

made later on dry feed.





APOPLEXY THE CAUSE OF CALF’S

DEATH.





 





I was lately visiting at a place where

a strange thing occurred which no one

present could explain, all saying they

never saw anything of the kind before.

Much inquiry as to what it was has been

made but as yet no one can answer, so

we present the case to the Michigan

Farmer and would like to know the na-

ture of the trouble and the remedy.



A calf, some five or six months old,

was in the barnyard and when seen, a

few minutes before the occurrence, was

lying close to the side of the barn, sound

asleep. A few minutes later it was heard

to give a series of strange bellowings

and, on going to see what was the

trouble, the calf was found whirling

around and around and apparently suf—

fering from strangling. It seemed as

though it had a bone or some other 0b-

struction in its throat, but all efforts to

relieve it were fruitless as from the

start its jaws were set so tightly they

could not be opened. As it continued

choking and nothing could be done to re-

lieve it, it was killed rather than to wit-

ness its suffering longer. It was a very

hot day and one advanced the opinion

that it was overcome with heat, as it

laid so close to the side of the barn

where the sun beat with scorching rays.



Another said he read of a case a few

days’ since, where a cow had died whose

actions were identically the same as

those of the calf and it was pronounced

hydrophobia, but it was contended there

could be no such trouble without the ani-

mal being bitten by another animal suf-

fering from rabies or hydrophobla.



The writer has thought perhaps the

cause of the calf‘s death might have been

(tetanus, having recently read an inter-

esting article on this disease in which the





JUL’ Yi-29,'1911.





writer'said: “It has been stated by cer-

tain physicians that tetanus (lockjaw)

is undoubtedly the true cause of death in

the majority of instances where rabies

has been the diagnosis." The writer of

this article then proceeded to differen-

tiate between the symptoms of the two

diseases in a manner which prompted the

above suggestion. .



In the case of the calf above referred

to, an examination of the throat was

made after death, but nothing was found

to cause choking.



The jaws, even before weath, were so

firmly set it was impossible to open them.



Any light on the subject will be grate-

fully received and may also be of hell)

to others in case of like trouble.



Oceans. 00. JnNNIn M. WILLSON.



Apoplexy, not tetanus or hydrophobia,

was the cause of calf's death. The calf

showed symptoms of apoplexy, not of

tetanus (lockjaw) or hydrophobia (rab-

ies). Had a careful examination of the

brain been made after death a Blight

hemorrhage would have been found. On

account of the calf remaining in a very

hot place with sun shining on him during

hot weather, it doubtless brought on a.

slight lesion of a blood vessel. I have

examined a great many calves and hogs

that died showing similar symptoms and

in most cases found that death resulted

from apoplexy. Treatment in such cases

will do little or no good—Vet. Ed.





NEED FOR BETTER PASTURAGE

MANAGEMENT.



A careful study has been made by the

Department of Agriculture of methods of

pasture management and of the resulting

effects on the prodiithion of forage on

pasture lands, especially in the New Eng-

land states. The pastures have been

found to be greatly denuded. In many

places they have been rendered prac-

tically worthless for pasture purposes.

The department believes that the prin-

cipal causes of these conditions are that

cattle are turned upon the pastures too

early in the spring, and that too many

cattle are kept on a given area. The

grasses are thus enabled to make a vig-

orous growth and have no opportunity to

store up energy in the fall of the‘ year

for growth in the spring. ..This.wtrea.t-

ment, long continued, has killed out-«most

of the good pasture grass, and as a re-

sult weeds have taken its place. It is

probable from the information obtained

by the department that it would require

10 acres of average New England pasture

to support one cow five months. The

solution of this important problem is be-

ing sought in the experience of the rela-

tively few farmers who have maintained

their pastures in good condition. Ex-

permients on certain points of pasture

management have been recommended by

the Bureau of Plant Industry to state

experiment stations and it is believed

that when tests and observations are un-

dertaken much good will result.



Washington, D. C. G. E. M.





DANGERS FROM BARLEY.



From the standpoint of food value,

barley contains a trifle less nitrogenous

or muscle building material than oats

and a trifle more than corn.



Barley chop, when fed to growing and

fattening pigs, usually combined with

ground corn and milk, proves a very ex-

cellent feed.



Ground barley combined with other

feed has been reported as excellent feed

for the dairy cow.



To horses it is sometimes fed whole or

ground, alone, or mixed with oats or

wheat bran. While from a. nutritive

standpoint we must commend it, yet there

is danger in feeding it to work horses.



If, through some cause, normal diges-

tion, either in the stomach or large in-

testines, stops, an unnatural fermenta-

tion takes place. Gases are sometimes

formed in the stomach which so distend

that organ that rupture may take place

before the veterinarian can use a stomach

tube. Belching indicates that the stom-

ach is greatly distended with gas. In the

large intestines this same process may

go on. Tapping to allow the escape of

gas and drugs to stop the fermentation

often does not act quickly enough. There

is also another phase, and that is in the

process of splitting up the food sub-

stances, (in addition to gas formed),

which when absorbed poisons the tissues,

weakens the heart, and death follows.

The gases are likewise absorbed, and

3:0 do damage which may be irrepar-

a e.





Col. Agri. College. B. F. KAUPP.
up.





 





 





JULY 29, 1911-.

THE MAKING OF A STOCKMAN.





 





Many young men leave the farm to

begin a business or professional career

because they feel that there are few op-

portunities for them to gain any special

recognition by living Ion the farm. How-

ever, that is not true.’ It seems to me, in

looking over the careers of such men as

VVarfield, Gibson, Van Natta, Gentry.

Lovejoy and others who have made a

success of breeding live stock, that there

are more and better chances for a bright

young man to gain recognition on the

farm, as a breeder of live stock, than in

almost any other line of endeavor.



We are beginning to appreciate more

and more the practical and useful, and

that we can make it of account in our

lives and education. The breeding and

perpetuating of high-class animals and

watching the operations of nature's mys-

terious forces from one generation to

another renders the study of heredity the

most fascinating and perplexing of hu-

man pursuits. It certainly is a great

business; and we can hardly realize what

a change has taken place in the past few

years and what a change is taking place

today in the way of improved live stock.

I know that every talented young man

has hopes of gaining recognition in some

line of human endeavor, and I do not see

why they would not just as soon go into

the live stock business and gain this

recognition as to fight against greater

odds in the crowded business or profes—

sional world. There is abundant oppor-

tunity for one to use all his talents in

the live stock business. The man who

produces the best specimens of the ani-

mal kingdom, even though he wears the

blouse of a. herdsman, is brother to all

the other artists since the world began.

In selecting and mating the parents of

some of their famous animals breeders

have exercised mental faculties as great

as were demanded of Sir Christopher

Wren in designing St. Paul’s Cathedral.



A Love for the Business Essential.



N0 permanent success can come from

the live stock business unless a man has

a love for the helpless creatures which

an all-wise providence has placed under

his care. The combining of the usefdl

and the beautiful is a source of joy and

inspiration and he is never more at home

than'when surrounded by the beautiful

creatures that know him as their friend

and master. If a young man contemplates

going into the live stock business I

would recommend him to get the best

animals he can afford. You get the best

results from the best foundation stock.

The consumers of meat and animal pro-

ducts are demanding higher quality. The

only way to meet their demands is to

keep pure-bred stock.



Now, if a young man is going to start

in the pure-bred live stock business,

what is the best thing for him to do? I

should say the first thing he ought to do

is to study the demands of the trade and

fix in his mind the kind of animals the

trade demands. Agricultural colleges

will teach him what the very best breeds

are, and what are the very best individu-

als of their breed. A visit to the large

fairs and live stock expositions will give

him further opportunity to study the

best breeds and typs. At these places

he can see the best the country has to

offer and broaden his views of the busi-

ness. By the study of breeds and indi-

viduals at these places and discussing

the various phases of the business with

the leading exhibitors he will go home

with new ideas and be better equipped

0t use good judgment in selecting foun-

dation stock to begin with. Two factors

should govern the Selection of the breed;

first, the breed that appeals most to his

personal fancy, and, second, the demands

of the trade he expects to supply with

breeding animals.



High Ideals Are Important.



He should have a fixed idea of the

shape and model of the animals he wishes

to breed. The ideal always comes be-

fore the actual. The plan of the build-

ing is in the builder’s mind and drawn

out on paper before the building is com-

menced. The man is always greater than

any of his works and he must have' a

clearly defined idea of what he wants

before he can work to any good purpose.

If a man does not have in his mind

what an ideal animal is, he will secure

it only by accident. So, when a man is

going into the live stock business he

must have his ideal, and he must pur-

chase his animals in reference to that

ideal. Do not expect to accomplish great

results at the start and invest in fabu-

lously high-priced animals until you are

sure they are the ones for you to have.

You must be sure that you can make





THE MICHIGAN FARMER‘.





the business pay before it warrants too

great an expenditure.



The men who have made the greatest

success in the business of breeding live

stock are not the men who have started

with thousands of dollars. They have

gone into it slowly, with the expectation

of building up a profitable business. The

young man of today has the experience

of the older breeders to guide him. He

can find out by attending the live stock

meetings, reading and discussing the sub-

ject with the best breeders many of the

valuable things they have learned by ex-

perience and hard knocks. It is 3. won-

derful thing to think of, that the young

man starting today, has the experience

of generations gathered together and put

in books to guide him in his business.



Location an Important Factor.



A careful study of his locality and

markets will essentially aid a man in

determining whether or not it will back

him up in his business or not. It is a

great advantage to be in a locality that

is noted for the excellence of its live

stock. In such a. locality every man en-

gages in a friendly rivalry to have the

best of the class of animals he breeds

and by having a large number of herds

and flocks to select from they draw the

best class of buyers from other localities.

It is useless to deny the fact that the

English system of improving the various

breeds of live stock is in many ways

more certain than our own, principally





1y to take place. It is a genuine pleasure

to have one young animal grow and de-

velop as he wished it to. It is the pure

ecstacy that comes from playing the role

of a. prophet that leads him on to make

a study of the future requirements of the

breed he is working with and‘how best

to meet them in years to come.

Originality Should Be Cultivated.



Success and fame are reached only

through turning out a class of animals

that possess individual merit which dif-

ferentiates them from the great mass of

animals of the breed to which they be-

long. It is the increased value of his

stock as influenced by his individuality

which forms the criterion by which the

value of his work is measured. Success

and fame do not always come from

“creating lines of beauty,” or establish-

ing “points pleasing to the eye,” but

rather from breeding in a manner that

will display his individual trademark

which makes for the increase in value

from a commercial point of view. There

is abundant opportunity for every breed-

er to employ originality and to try and

perpetuate the particular featurs that

will add to the commercial value of his

stock.



Well conditioned stock will attract

buyers. There is nothing more disap-

pointingto a man than to travel a long

distance to visit a man’s farm and find

that he has been deceived in corres—

pondence or to find the stock in poor





 





A 23-year-old Percheron Brood Mare and

“05., Property of Mr.





because each locality has its own breeds

of horses, sheep and swine, that are

grown and kept by the farmers in that

particular locality. Thus, in time, they

become better suited to the conditions

under which they are grown and devel-

oped under less suitable environment.

Not only is this much so, but it is also

plain to the observer that where there

are large numbers of animals grown in

one section it affords the breeder a better

selection of breeding animals and is also

the means of attracting many of the most

liberal buyers of that breed of stock from

other localities. The buyers know Where

they can find a number of head that can

be assembled at one place for shipment

and are willing to pay more for them

under these conditions than they would

if they were all scattered around over a

large territory. Thus it will be seen

that friendly competition results in no

harm to the man who is about to start

into the live stock business.



Home Environments Should Be Good.



Now, there is another thing that seems

0t be of special importance to the young

man who starts in the pure-blood busi—

ness. He must not only be a man of

education and culture so that he can talk

and think intelligently, but he must keep

his home and surroundings in good con-

dition. When men come from a long

distance to see him and his stock he

begins to think that he is of some im-

portance, and starts to improve and clean

up his premises. He must fix up, he

must make his home more attractive, be-

cause he must entertain his customers

during their stay at his farm. Then,

other people begin to think that he is of

some importance and they begin to speak

a good word for his stock.



If he is to become famous and have his

stock much sought after he must not

only be a judge, but a prophet, always

keeping one eye on the present and, the

other looking far ahead into the uncer-

tain future. It is a perennial source of

joy and pleasure to follow the course of

young animals growing up and anticipate

in thought the developments that are like-





Lon Sixbury,





Her 18-month-old Colt, Weighing 1,100

of Branch County, Mich.





condition. Instead of a sale it means the

loss of a possible customer and that your

stock will be spoken of as inferior when

he meets other buyers. Properly describe

all animals in your correspondence. Treat





all mail order customers with the same,





care and thoughtfulness you would if

they came to the farm and made their

own selections. The ability to write an

intelligent letter is a valuable asset to a.

breeder of pure-bred stock.



Showing at the Fairs.



Another matter of great importance is

to condition some of your best animals

and show them at the fairs and exposi-

tions. There is a depth of pleasure and

a well of satisfaction, a consciousness of

creative power in the showing of a supe-

rior specimen of the breed at a large fair

Then it is one of the best ways of reach-

ing the best class of buyers. By show-

ing your stock side by side with the best

in the country you can study the good

points and the weaknesses in your ani-

mals and make intelligent plans of car-

rying 0n the work of further'improve-

ment. You will meet men who have come

to buy animals to add to their own herds

and if they are pleased with their pur-

chase you can sell them more stock. The

market you create for your live stock

will depend in a large measure whether

you tell the truth or not. If the animal

that is sold comes up to its reputation

you can be sure it will mean the sale of

more stock in the» locality where it is

sold.



Obviously, breeding cannot be- an easy

business. Success means a tremendous

amount of hard work, many failures and

much disappointment. The foundation

must be good to begin with, and if a

mistake is made the way must be re-

traced to correct it and repair the dam-

age. To the young man with a clear cut

conviction of just what he wants and

who is willing to stay with it until it is

accomplished, the field of breeding pure-

bred live stock offers as inviting induce-

ments as any other business or profes-

sion that I know of. '



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





<7) 79





 





 





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VETERINARY i





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CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

writ 1r. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to-

case in full; also name and address of

should te 'history and symptoms of the

the sam ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested. it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





VV‘V'V





 





 





 





 





 





Bruised Stifie.——Have a three-months-

old percheron colt with swollen stifle,

causing slight lameness. This is a large

growthy, active colt and 1 would like to

know how to cure him. M. M. K., Alto,

iVIich.—-App1y equal parts tincture iodine

and spirits of camphor to bunch three

times a week. A swelling of this kind is

not easily reduced.



Foot and Mouth Disease—“Vin you

please give a description of foot and

mouth disease and how to treat it? A.

C. (1., Decatur, Mich—Foot and mouth

disease is not prevailing in this country

and if it did the government and state

authorities would take steps to control

it; therefore, you will never have occa-

sion to treat a case of it.



Acute Indigestion——Colic.—Five-year-old

more is subject to attacks of spasmodic

colic. She is a ravenous eater and fol-

lowing each attack she usually scours,

therefore I would like to have you pre-

scribe a preventive. \V. 5., Merrill, Mich.

—-A change of feed and watering before

feeding grain, instead of soon after very

often prevents indigestion and colic. Per-

haps you are feeding too much grain to

the mare when she is in a tired. ex—

hausted condition. Give her 1 oz. ground

ginger. 1 oz. bicarbonate soda and 1 oz.

powdered charcoal at a dose in feed two

or three times a day.



Fits—Have nine white pigs which seem

to have fits or spasms; they are fed

skim-milk and swi‘ll mornings, and mid-

dlings at night. \\'hen feeding at night

they suddenly begin to squeal, become

perfectly stiff, falling down and remain

for two or,three minutes, then get up

and commence eating again. Some of

them will have as many as three spells

at one feeding. Have another litter of

seven Duroc Jerseys which are not af—

fected: those that are affected are a

cross between 0. I. C. and Poland China.

.l. V. IL, Dowagiac, Mich.—~I am some-

what inclined to believe that your pigs

choke by filling the throat too full of

iniddlings or the food may be cold, pro—

ducing a spasm of larynx. \Varm their

food and make it more liquid and I be-

lieve you will overcome this difficulty.



Sidebones.-—I have a four-year—old

mare that has never been broke, which

is quite lame and sore in both fore feet.

Our local Vet. tells me that her lame-

ness is caused by sidebones. A. R., Al—

bion, Mieh.——If she is sore from sidebone,

lower heels and apply one part red iodide

mercury and four parts lard three times

a month. This is perhaps the best rem-

edy to check their growth; however, in

some cases I fire.



Tape—wdrm.——-I have a valuable pet

lamb three months old that thrived for

the first six weeks and grew rapidly, but

since then he has stood still and is out

of condition, acting at times as if in

pain. G. W. “2, Brighton, Mien—(live 1

gr. powdered kamala to him for each

pound or two he weighs. once a day for

three days, following this dose two hours

later with a teaspoonful of castor oil.

if one dose produces the desired results,

don't repeat. it is possible that by giv-

inv one—quarter grain doses of quinine

three or four times a day, it will help

him. You may not have been particular

enough in his food supply and the

cleaning of feeding utensils.



ltingbone.wI have a two-year-old colt

that is troubled with ringbone. He

seemed to be perfectly sound up to two

months ago, since then he has shown

some lameness in one leg. H. K. S.,

Sherman, Mien—Keep the colt quiet and

apply one part red iodide mercury and

eight parts lard every few days, or as

often as necessary to keep the parts

blistered. '



Hemorrhage from Nose—Young mare

had a hard fall which hurt her some.

Was used carefully on binder a few days

and appeared to be all -riglit. Sweat

freely without panting. then ran in pas-

ture for three days; I then hitched her

and after going eighty rods. held nose

out. staggered and fell down, perspired

freely and bled at the nose. What do

you think the cause and is there a rem-

edy? I might say this mare appears

healthy. E. S. (3.. Homer. Mich.—I am

inclined to believer her ailment is the

result of hot weather and no doubt a.

small blood vessel in one nostril or throat

or lungs opened and soon closed, there-

fore if you will give her good care and

ten days' rest, she will perhaps be all

right without any medicine. Her bowels

should be kept open and her stomach not

gorged y'ith food when she is exerted and

if she is very fleshy reduce her. By

giving her 1 dr. ground nux vomica at a

dose in feed three times a day, it will

help her.



Indigestion—l have been watching the

veterinary department of the Michigan

l-‘armer for a similar case in pigs, and

failing to find this information I would

like to know what to do for three—month—

old pigs that were weaned three weeks’

ago. which I feed car com and slop from

the house, with a little milk added. These

pigs are run down since weaning and

appear to have stomach trouble. I have

given them salts and lime water and

disinfected the yard with lime. F. T. P.,





~.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





Galien, Mich.—Give each pig 30 drops

fluid extract gentian, 30 drops fluid ex-

tract cinchona and one drop nux vomica

at a dose three times a. day. Also mix

cooking soda and charcoal in their feed.

I also suggest that you discontinue feed-

ing them house slop for it may contain

soap that is acting as a poison or irritat-

ing the stomach.



Lumpjaw. l have a cow that has a

large bunch on side of head under ear

that has been gradually growing for the

past three years, but lately it seems to

be growing more rapidly than ever be-

fore. and I would like to know what to

apply. J. N. Y., Albion, Mich—Give her

2 drs. iodide potassium at a dose in feed

or water three times a day and apply

one part red iodide mercury and four

parts lard to bunch once or twice a

week. You had perhaps better discon-

tinue using her for dairy purposes and

fatten her. ~



'l‘wo Holes in One Teat.—I have a two-

ycar-old heifer that just came fresh and

there are two holes in one teat. The

false opening is about three-quarters of

an inch from bottom of teat and milk

comes through it; more easily than the

proper opening. L. (J. R., Onondaga,

Mich.—Scarify and make raw edge of

upper opening, stitch it with silk or lin-

en, or close it with a steel sterilized pin,

applying a string behind it, and use a.

milking tube when milking, or it may be

left in until wound heals.



Vesicle Calculi.—I have a cow that

strains for some time after passing wat-

er; sometimes the urine is followed by a

bloody substance. She calved in Decem-

ber and is again due in January. Our

local Vet. prescribed .a teaspoonful of

saltpeter twice a day. but she does not

seem to improve under his treatment.

F. E. F., Indian River, Mich—Give her

2 drs. of urotropin or uritone at a dose

in feed or water three times a day. Per-

haps a change of feed of a less acid na-

ture would relieve her.



Indigestion—Garget.—I have a two-

year—old heifer fresh the 25th of last

April, that usually gives six quarts of

milk mornings and eight quarts evenings.

but she is now giving only one quart in

the morning and three pints in the even—

ing. I have sprayed her with disinfect-

ant to keep off files all season. Her teats

are sore and one-quarter of bag caked

badly. I bathed bag with hot water and

greased it with meat fryings from salt

pork, rubbing udder one hour at a time.

I also have another cow that was

sprayed and she has garget. C. W.,

Olivet, lVIich.——'I‘he spraying of your cows

did not injure them at all, but both

udders are perhaps infected. ,Apply one

part oxide of zinc and four parts vase-

line to sores twice a day and apply

iodine ointment to caked part of udder

once a day. Give her 1 dr. iodide potas-

sium and two tablespoonfuls cooking soda.

at a dose in feed night and morning.



Poisoned by Eating Herbs—I have lost

quite a few lambs lately and am unable

to say what caused their death. None of

them that have taken sick have recov-

ered. They ran on an old sheep pasture

that had been used for this purpose for

several years up to July 1, then I changed

to another. when they soon took sick

and 1 would like to know what you be-

lieve caused their sickness and death.

J. l{.. lonia county. Mich—Your lambs

have either ate too much rich nutritious

food, or infected food. or drank infected

water, or ate poisonous herbs, or grass

that caused their stomach and bowel

trouble. terminating in death. As the

whole trouble came on following a change

of pasture I sugest that you shift them

back to the same lot.





 





 





 





There has been a recent advance of

lfiliéc per pound in the ruling prices. of

cheese in the Chicago market, making

one of the sharpest upward movements

seen this season. The rise was brought

about by the extremely hot weather,

which has had a tendency to restrict the

output, while consumption has been

growing. Dealers state that the demand

for cheese for immediate use has been

So large that less than 25 per cent of the

receipts have been going to cold storage

warehouses. Reports from dairy districts

have shown much higher prices.



Receipts of fat cows and heifers in

western markets have fallen off a good

deal of late, and the smaller offerings

have helped to place prices on a higher

level. but canners and cutters are still

low in price, with plenty offered.



\l'ord comes from Kansas City that

many of the cattle received there re-

cently from the southwest had the ap-

pearance of having been held for several





weeks in the dry weather districts in the,





hope of getting rain.



Cattle exporters have been disappointed

in the Canadian market this season, as

the bulk of the fat becves offered at

Toronto were wanted for the home trade

and for shipment to the Canadian north-

western provinces. On a recent Monday

21 car loads of steers were bought in

Toronto to ship to “’innipeg, and another

consignment was taken to Vancouver.

This outlet has made cattle sell higher in

Toronton than in Chicago, and more cat-

tle have been purchased in Toronto for

Vancouver than for export. This has

turned the export trade in the direction

of Chicago.



The Pacific coast is short of beef cat-

tle, and buyers have been going as far

east as the Missouri river for supplies.

Cattle are scarce west of “the river," and

plentiful east of it. The same is true of

stock cattle. -



There is a big foreign demand for

choice bacon. and it is stated that more

would be exported to England if curers

were able to supply plenty of the medium

and light cuts that are usually called for.

A Kansas stockman says that‘ from Fort

\Vorth, Texas, to Parsons, Kansas, there

is no grass. and corn is gone, the result

being the glutting of the Missouri river

markets with thin, grassy cattle, which

have to be sold at very low .rices.





 

 

   

   





 





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:TU LY 29, 1911.





DAIRY SHORTHORNS





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passed. Price $15. 0. O. COREY, New Haven. Mich.





 





 





TWO Berkshire Gilts. sired by HandsomeTPrin'oe 3.

Bbred for Aug..farrowing. wt I sell at. $40 & 345 also

a few spring pigs left. A. A. PATTLLUO, Deckerville. Mich.





 





DAMS BROS. Litchfleld. Mich. breeders of Imp. Chester

White and Tamworth swine. service boars. sows bred or

open. of either breed. Shorthorn Cattle. Buff Rock. Buff Wynn-

dottc. W. Orpiiigton. Ckls. all breeding stock. leading winners.





—-Bred gilts. males wei hin from

”0 I. c. SMne 150 to 250 lbs. Prices. an: ty 8

right. Geo. P. Andrews. Dansville. lngham 00., Mic .





 





 





o I C —March lgs with quality and best pedi-

0 D 0 recs. rder now and get first choice.

C. J. HOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





! -Beat quality, Iar e rowth '

at In C S For sale type. either sex.8 ifirs nol.

akin. some fine bred gilts, choice lot, of fall pigs all

ages. OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Michigan.





CHESTER WHITE 73?}? it.“ ‘65.?

business of raisin Cheaters and Holstein cattle.

Both Phones. ’. 0. WILSON. ()kemos, Mich.





0 I c’s Bred sows all sold. 93 choice Mar. & April

I - - farrowod plfireither sex pairs not. ulrin Re .

in buyers name. Fred Iokel. B. No. 1. Monroe. Mio .





 





 





 





 





CATTLE.

ABERDEENAANGUS.





Herd, mnsistina of Trojan Ericas Blackbirds and

Prides, only, is headed by rton W. a Trojan Erica,

by Black Woodlawn. sire of t e Grand Chain ion steer

and bull in the International in- Chicago. 90., 1910.

He is amisted by Undulata Blackbird Ito.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.





GUERNSEY BULL CALF Ehnsxfiidki‘ié‘é’é’filt’é?





20. 1910. ALLAN KELSEY. LakeVIew, Michigan.





.FOR SALE

RegIsieIeIi Holstein Bulls





Five to ten months old.





From the best heavy milk producing families.

Send for list.

BIGELOW'S HOLSTEIN FARM,

BREEDSVILLE, MICHIGAN.





TOP NOTCI'I HOLSTEINS





'Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls oom‘

bining In themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have in the past held World's Records for

milk and butter fat at fair rices. ;



MCPHERSON PAR 5 C0” Howell. I’Ilch.





llolsieiii FrIeSIaII Caifle‘gflfil‘m‘fit‘h‘é’ifiz

ary Mercedes. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





O -1 ,

HULSTEIN-FRIESMN xiii anaesthesia:





O. Cows. E. R. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.





OLS'J‘IEINI BIQIILS—a within fl) 1h. Dam: A grand

. one II n ow IPIII‘O. Severn fine onesitl e 1:.

LONG BEACH FARM. Augusta, Kalamazoo 83.33.31).





4 OR SALE—Holstein Bull 2 years old $123. Bull

Calves 6 months to 1 year $50 to 8100. Bred heifers

$150 to $211). Oldest herd in Ind. Send for Photos and

Pedigrees, VI. 0. Jackson. 715 Box St. South Bend. Ind.





H E R E F0 R DS’fiithsni‘Z?“ fill. $1.1m?





China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw, Mich.





JERS .

BUTTER BRED FofiYsEEliLs





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County, Michigan.





 





Register 0i Merit Jerseys. 32%} mil:

lot of youn bulls from dams with oficiahrecords

of 4&% Iioums and u wards of butter.



. F. MARS 0N. Bay City. Michigan.





JERSEY BULLS—Reg. . Ages from six months to

Prices right. w. E. ‘é‘fi‘iii‘fiti£“fiié‘ffihim‘t‘3fif'

JERSEYS HIR SIIIII-A f... 3...... 1......

bred. A. NEWMAN. R. No. f,“lili$ig¥€tf,‘“liviei:ili§3lf

FOR SALE—(Beg. St. anbert Jerseys.

producing stock. 0. A. BRIIS'YOI’I‘rNeE‘tIyY: 333112;?

REGISTERED JERSEYS For Snlc~Some enmhln.





ing the blood of St Louis and (‘hi - W ’

Fair Champions by HERMAN mums. 3933:”. Sign?





LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.



“ER” BULLSIVM'” Signal St. L. No. 58197.



Jubilee's Foxhall. No. 82299.



IIBnI‘lflaaéves sired by thesetilrlreatibulls. fand out of

s on a r cows. man



0‘!) merit. Allen ‘a few hzitfers 33d hewr ghfigsfg:





sale. Write for description and prices. Satisfaction

‘. aran 1' money refunded





 





 





 





 





teed. o .

COLON C. LILLIE. Cooperevllle. Michigan.





 





0.1. C. March Pi s and 0()w to for [‘0 W

H. w. CLARK, ii. F.gD. 4. Brlghtons, Aili‘c'h‘lgsag‘?“





o | 038 -—All ages 2') young and 2 yearling

' I I I sows, ea ’0 In pi . Price for 81611011:

time 822 to 330. H. H. JUAIP, unith, hllohigan,





~Choice registered pi s R t 16 k



0- II c- old. from World's hair (Whirligig. 5

Glenwood Stock Farm. Zeeland, Mich. (Phone 94.)

' ' ' either sex. Pairs n t



”535.9; Emmfilml‘g Pig's“ “were .53“

0 nice. gas I on ' .



free. HARRY 'r. itANDELL. eighfi'rfiaio‘fi





 





 





o I Ii 0 I s w' N E_thide§eollligrgf ghecl‘tlggzl





.strain both males and females. Get my price before





you buy. Will re later free of charge in p rohaser'

name. A. J. GO DEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. M‘ilohigan. s





DU ROG-JERSEYS—Ep’fi‘lf‘ét‘és‘i'él

sale. CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastines, Michigan.



FOR SAL ~DUROC-JERSEY bred sows.



pigs and Shepherd Pups. Ex~



press prepaid. J. H. BANGHART. Lansing. Mich.



ALNU’I‘ HILL DUItOOS—l’l fancy sows bredtn



Mich. 001. for August and Se t. furrow. 156





spring Ilgs. b th sexes. rioed right. rite or come.

J. C. IXAB EY. OLDWATER. MICHIGAN.





 





 





 





 





Write JOIN W.6000WINB.

Mariette. Michigan.





for prices on ten end twelve

weeks old





HAMPSHIRE PIGS.





* ARCE TXPE P. O. Largest. in Mich. Sept. & Oct.

. pigs weigh 250 to 300 he. Hired by two largest

boars and from largest sows in State. Come and see

and beoonvmced. W. E. Livingston. Purina, Mic;l





POLAND-CHINAS“.’?.3.§L.k it's?

spring pigs. VVOOD & SONS. Saline. Michigan.



' —-A f ' ~ ' .

Poland-Chinas f... “3233? it¥$o§.fi”"i‘f.tltip‘if§.§

pigs. E. D. BISHOP, Route 38. Lake Odessa, Mich.





 





 





'th ~ . F i -

LSyring Pigs s'ifpté’éiiff rarit‘lwl. ”£135.;





. Barnes & Son. Byron. Shiziwassee 00., Mich.





Three Extra Good Fall P. G. Boars





By Next In Line. 32 sprin male pigs ready to ehi

I ship 0. O. D. and furnisgi pedigree promptly. If

you want good as the best, write me for prices.





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater, Michigan.





Butler‘s Famous Wonders—The big Poland-China

. .WIthout. a peer. combining. size. bone, ualitv:

We re head uartvrs for everything in Poland- hinas.

Herd boars, irood sows. weanling pigs. always for sale.

Registered Jersey Bulls ot‘all Ii es for sale our ricos

are low. J. C. Butler, Portlant . Mich. Bell P one.





16 TYPE POLAND CHINA BOARS, also fall and

early spring pigs. B. . Rock eggs $1.00 per 15.

ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Michigan.





FOR SALE SEE YORKSHIRE PIGS.





Pr reasonable.





MIRIAY-Wli'fiiifill‘ coffeiuu Inson, IIIcII.

Lillie Farmstead Yoi‘lIsliii'teS"iti.‘.’n'.;‘;w fill





Oak Lodge blood predominates. La Herd. Th



service boars. Pairs and tries. not 8kg? Boar: r9313;



onr service. A fine lot of spring pigs. Gilts bred for

ugust farro . hog on earth. Satisfaction





 





 





 





 





 





 





w The best

guaranteed. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.





’ to ment' th M' .h'-

Don t Fail gan Faith); when 1(yolu

are writing to advertisers.





 





 





 





I

l

l

l

i

i



‘l

l

l

l

l
l





 





 





   





JULY 29. 1911,





'POULTRYM BEES?





WA“.





ABOUT ‘SELLING EOWLs—SOME OB-

SERVATIONS AND EXPERIENCE.

As the moulting season approaches and



the period of decreased egg production.



naturally follows, it is a good time to





 

   

 





 





“weed out" the flock. By this'I do not-





necessarily mean selling all the old hens

and keeping pullets only, but getting rid

of the least desirable ones. There are

lots of year—old or even two-year-old

hens that will have more good laying

days during the coming winter than some

of the pullets.



But I care not how carefully a flock of

hens may be selected or bred up, they

can be “evened up,” and it adds greatly

to the appearance and value of the flock.

The first prices in the fall are usually

the best of the season, and in every flock

'there are hens that it will hardly pay to

keep long for the few remaining eggs

they will produce.



Right here I wish to say a word about

the “square deal” in marketing fowls.

I do not know what there is about poul-

try buying that is morally demoralizing.

You cannot compare it in any way to

“sheep herding" unless the herding of

innocent sellers at a certain hour at a.

certain congested point, with the cars

backing up and the engines shrieking,

making the unfamiliar farm horses very

restive and their owners in a great hurry

to get away with their lives and little

money, bears a resemblance to the herd-

ing of innocent sheep. The fact remains,

however, that there are few “deals" in

which petty “nigging” is so general as

in the buying of fowls. Whether it is

because the deal is so small individually

that the seller would rather lose than

“start something,” even though he real-

ized he was being beaten, or because of

the ignorance of the seller as to the real

weight of his fowls—it is probably a lit-





tle of both, also the confusion before

spoken of.

However, it is the way the deal is





carried on in too many instances and

what makes it easier is that the buyers

are usually strangers, very often operat-

ing only once at' a given point. Smooth

spokens-iand of good address, they drive

around the country offering an attractive





   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





ters" once upon a time where the condi-

tionswere ideal for the “hold up." 'The

passage to the weighing point was lined

on both sides by elevators and railroad

cars, terminating in a narrow passage

permitting nobody to turn back without

passing through the ”mill." Here the

buyer picked out just what he pleased

at just such weights as he pleased to

give. Anyone daringyto raise his voice

in protest was ridiculed or abused, or

both, according to the way the buyer

sized up his man. I sized up the situa-

tion and happened to be so situated that

I could drive over the tracks between

two freight cars, and thus escaped. I

returned the man the small advance pay-

ment he had made and gave my reasons.

He threatened me with financial ruin,

and I told him to go ahead.



This is no isolated case, by any means,

and improved facilities are still needed

in many country localities for handling

the chicken deal. Where local buyers do

not pay a fair price, and the outside

buyer is not giving a square deal, it is

perfectly practicable to ship your own

stuff, making sure that you ship to a

reputable jobber. A good plan is to

write to a number of firms for quotations

and ask for references. Then write to

the people referred to, enclosing stamped

envelope, doing this s0me time before

you are ready to sell. Remember that

the business end of poultry raising is as

important as the production of the right

kind of fowls. ’





Isabella Co. WM. J. 000mm.





WHERE TO PLACE THE BEES.





 





There are many things to consider in

locating bees upon the average farm.

Not only must the place meet the require-

ments of the bees as nearly as possible,

but the convenience and safety of the

owner, his family and neighbors must be





thought of. Bees located too near the

buildings, or close to a public highway,

may prove a nuisance and drive their





owner to abandon bee-keeping in disgust.



To get the full benefit of their help in

fertilizing fruit blossoms it stands to

reason that they should be conveniently

near the orchard and small—fruit garden.

It is seldom that a better place is found

than an old orchard that is no longer

cultivated and whose trees furnish abund—

ant protection from the sun in hot weath-

er. In this state where farm woodlots





 





 





 





A Well Kept Apiary Located In a Farm Woodlot.





price—very often higher than the local

buyer, if there happens to be one. If

the price is above what the market war-

rants it must be made good somehow,

and it is a fact that where there is one

“kicker" who will stand out for his

simple rights there are ten who will stand

and be swindled.



Now by this I don’t wish it thought

that all local dealers are “square" or

that all transient buyers are rascals, be-

cause it is a mighty good thing that

“outsiders" come into the markets and

make the local buyers “get right," and it

is usually the points where local buyers

have abused their exclusive market that

attract outside buyers, for of course, it is

the large margin that makes the rascal’s

opportunity. The farmers have a griev-

ance all right, and the outsider makes

an attractive price, getting, as a result,

about all the fowls lying around loose at

this particular point. The buyer then

goes to new fields and the local press

“hollers” about the “easy Rube" and

preaches patronage of home buyers, etc.,

when it is partly the local buyer’s fault.



I participated in one of these “slaugh-





are numerous it is not uncommon to find

the orchard so located as to have the

protection of the woodlot as a wind-

break, and where such conditions exist

there is no better place for the bees than

in the edge of such a woodlot adjoining

the orchard. Such a location is almost

ideal, affording as it does natural shade

in summer and the necessary protection

from strong winds in winter. However,

where it is not feasible to place them in

either orchard or woodlot some remote

part of the premises should be made

available and steps taken to provide

shade and windbreak for the hives if

trees or bushes suitable for the purpose are

not now in existence. Shade and a meas-

ure of protection from the wind can be

secured by erecting trellises and growing

some hardy vine upon them.‘ Upon many

farms where bees are kept they are not

now satisfactorily located and yet the

owner neglects, from year to year, to pre-

pare a better place for them. At this

season, or a little later, some thought

should be given to this matter. with a

view to selecting and properly fitting up

the most advantageous spot that can be





found on the premises and moving the

hives to it during the dormant Season.



The situation chosen should be clear

of obstructions which would in any 'way

interfere with the mowing of grass

and weeds. Tall grass and weeds about

the hives harrass the bees when return-

ing home with their loads of nectar and

interfere with the circulation of air about

the hives. Those who attend to the bees

during the busy season find their work

lighter and more congenial if the ground

about the hives is smooth and the grass

is kept short. In orchard or woodlot

apiaries the clearing away of all brush

and undergrowth at the beginning of the

season is recommended to the bee owner

who would escape the little annoyances

incident to encountering such obstruc—

tions during the period when time is

precious and patience is at a premium.



THE MIGHTY LITTLE MITE.



The story of the mite may seem some—

what stale, but during warm weather we

are all apt to become more or less neg-

ligent, and before we know it the very

little mite is getting in his work. And

again, there are each year recruits to the

poultry business who must learn these

things, making it necessary to repeat im-

portant work in the poultry yard many

times. ‘



The mite is not only mighty little,

but he is also mighty destructive, making

it necessary that we watch him closely.

Last season I had 200 White VVyandotte

chicks in colony houses. During the early

summer we were all very busy with the

farm work and the colony houses were

not cleaned as often as they should have

been. Late in July I noticed that the

youngest chicks were: not doing so well

as they should; their feathers became

rough and they had a scrawny appear-

ance generally. An investigation was

started and we were not a little surprised

to find one colony house literally alive

with mites.



Vs'e decided to exterminate those pests

at once. The first job was to thoroughly

clean the houses. The perches were re-

moved and then thoroughly painted or

saturated with kerosene; the whole in-

terior of each colony house was given

the same treatment. The third day

thereafter the same treatment was given

again and repeated. every few days. The

mites were soon destroyed but the appli—

cation was repeated occasionally to make

sure they should not return. In a few

days I could see that the chicks were

on the gain again.



The present season has been very fav-

orable to the multiplication of mites, be-

ing very warm and dry, and where there

is filth they are almost sure to abound.

1 have found that mites and lice do not

trouble much where thorough clcanliness

prevails: at least, it goes a long way in

keeping rid of them and disease as well.



This year, with 300 chicks in colony

houses, we determined there should be

no mites to work disaster to the young

stock. Believing that prevention is bet-

ter than cure, I purchased a hand spray

pump and, each time after cleaning the

houses we sprayed them with kerosene

emulsion. This emulsion is easily made

and does the work well. The houses are

entirely free from the pests. A little

disinfectant is a good thing. Whitewash,

containing a. little crude carbolic acid,

will do the work, as will many of the

preparations on the. market. This work

is done early enough in the day so the

houses dry out before the chicks enter

them for the night.



Gratiot Co.





 





F. W. BROOKE.



The old—established bee-keeper desires

at least enough swarms to make up for

colonies lost during the winter, while

the beginner is anxious to increase the

number of his colonies by this means. In

no case, however, should the owner of

an apiary strive to more than double his

colonies in any one year. It is better to

have fewer colonies and have them all

extremely strong. Feeding for winter,

except in extremely poor seasons, will

not then be necessary. Neither does it

pay to extract all honey and feed syrup

to sustain the' bees during winter





 





 





 





 





 





Wax moths are frequently blamed for

the death of colonies, whereas they do

no damage to strong, healthy colonies,

properly cared for, but enter only when

the colony is weakened by queenlessness,

lack of stores, disease, or some other

cause. In the majority of reports of wax-

moth depredations received by the Bu-

reau of Entomology at Washington, it has

been found that the trouble is actually

an outbreak of a brood disease.





(9) 81

FALSE HUNGER





A Symptom of Stomach Trouble Corrected

by Good Food.





There is, with some forms of stomach

trouble, an abnormal craving for food

which is frequently mistaken for a. “good

appetite.” A lady teacher writes from

Carthage, Mo., to explain how with good

food she dealt with this sort of hurtful

hunger.



“I have taught school for fifteen years,

and up to nine years ago had good, aver-

age health. Nine years ago, however,

my health began to fail, and continued to

grow worse steadily, in spite of doctor’s

prescriptions, and. everything I could do.

During all this time my appetite con-

tinued good, only the more I ate the

more I wanted to eat—I was always hun-

gry.



“The first symptoms of my breakdown

were a distressing nervousness and a loss

of flesh. The nervousness grew so bad

that finally it amounted to actual pros-

tration. Then came stomach troubles,

which were very painful, constipation

which brought on piles, dyspepsia and

severe nervous headaches.



“The doctors seemed powerless to help

me, said I was overworked, and at last

urged me to give up teaching, if I wished

to save my life. .



“But this I could not do. I kept on at

it as well as I could, each day growing

more wretched, my will-power alone

keeping me up, till at last a good angel

suggested that I try a diet of Grape-Nuts

food, and from that day to this I have

found it delicious always appetizing and

satisfying.



”I owe my restoration to health to

Grape-Nuts. My weight has returned

and for more than two years I have been

free from the nervousness, constipation,

piles, headaches, and all the ailments

that used to punish me so, and have been

able to work freely and easily.” Name

given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.



Read the little book, “The Road to

\Vellville,” in pkgs. “There's a Reason."



Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true.

and full of human interest.





DO YOU





 





best proposition to

offer those who can give

all or part of their time to

us. To those who can give

all of their time we pay

a. liberal salary and ex-

penses. l-‘or those who

can give only part of their





WORK?

W time we have, the most.

attractive commission and





rebate proposition ever offered. Teachers and

Students can earn a large salary during vaca-

tions. The work is pleasant and instructive.

Write at once for full particulars. Addressing



BOX li‘, care MichAN Punish, Detroit, Mich-





SECURED 0R FEE RETURNED.

Free Patent Book. Selling Guide and

List of Buyers and Manufacturers of

Inventions. Advice Free. Send sketch





FARNHAM l SUES. Atty... 540 F. Sl..W-shlngton.0.c

I





u ”—S. G. Brown Leghorns. Get

EGGMAKERS first choice of male birds now.

81 up. Write me. W. S. Cooper, Mt. Pleasant. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





' —Rose or single 0 b -

Whlje Le horns erels. Rose Comb 90311818 Slcgggz

per lo. Ray . . (iruham. . F. D. No. 1. Flint. Mich.





LlLLlE FARHSTEA D POULTRY





B. P. Rooks. R. I. Reds, W. anndottes and S. C. W.

Leghorn eggs for sale, 15 for $1; 26 or $1.50; 50 for

$2.50. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville, Mich.





 





 





FGQS: EGGS: EGGS—White a Buff O ington

'4 .White lit Barred Rocks. Black dz White l\ inorcas:

White & Buff Leghorns. Rose & Single Comb Reds,

Houdzins & White (‘rested Blk Polish. H. H. King. Willis. Mich.





HOROUGHBRED S. 0. BROWN LEGHORN gs

at $1.00 Ber 15 or $5.00 per 100. Stock all so d.

LEWIS T. 0 PENLANDER, R. No. 4. Lansing, Mich.





ll. 0. ll. Leghorn cockerelsfl‘hglg ,Z‘Ffi‘g 31° ”8“





in season. 0. w. WAI'I‘E, Gobievilie, Michigan?”

SINGLE 00MB BLACK MlllllllllAS“”ew mm' “"-

5150 per setting. it. w. MILLS, 83313133: aigiiiggfi‘.‘





 





 





 





ILVER. GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDb

5 Eggs $1.50 per 15; $2.50 er 30. Afew White Rggggs

left, circular free. 0. . Browning, Portland. Mich.





FOR SALE‘% 0Tami R. 0. Rhode Island

32.75; 100 for :5. BUELLedBrigdfi‘f; £33,312: $31.11-





 





WHITE WY‘NDUTTEs—U'eeful and beautiful. The

pays. A. FRANKLIN tii‘iri‘if‘idf.‘ 34134113311333.





 





DOGS.





 





0W WRITE W. J. ROSS. Rochester. Mich., for

those beautiful sable and white and tricolor Collie



Puppies. Finest breeding. natural workers.

All bred from the best of





Twenh'fivo Hound Pups' trained Coon hunting ar-

ents, send stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holmesville, hio





 





 





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARM“





 





when we are writing to advertisers.





l6 have absolutely the





+4.“!





to a...
'82 (10>

The Michigan Farmer





ESTABLISHED 1843.





THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING 00.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.

39 to 45 Congress Street West. Detroit. Michigan.





TELEPHONE MAIN 45%.





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Omcseo Omen—mo First Nst' 1. Bank Buildin.

CLEVELAND Curran—101140 men Ave ,.N

GnAND Bums Oman—6 it 6 New HawkinsIBnilding.





, M.J. LAWRENCE ....... .Pres ident,

M. L. LAW'RENCE . ..Vioe- President.

E. H. HOUGHTON.... . .....Bec.-Tress.





I. R. WATEBBURY. ..............

OUN }





 





 





 





 





sesoses ........-s-n.oooa-





0. Y 1].:-

BU RT WEB. MUT

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL





E. K. HOUGHTON....

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





Five Years 260 “£33....”





 





.. ...... Business Manager





$2.75





 





Three Years, 156 Copies, Postpaid . . . . .. . .8230

One Year, 52 copies, postpsid .................................

Six Months. 26 copies, postpud .......................... a“...





Canadian subscriptions 50 cents s you extrs for poslsto.





 





Always send money by draft. postoinoe money order,

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-

sponsible for mono I sent in letters. Address all con-

munlcations to, on make all drafts, checks and post-

0 flee orders peysble to, the Lawrence Publishing 00.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



40 cents per line agate measurement. or .5. 80 per

inch. each insertion, with two nean discount on

orders amounting to or over. No sldv't inserted

for less th an 81 so per insertion



03’ No lottery, quack doctor or swindling adver-

tisements inserted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit, Michi-

gan postoflloe.





COPYRIGHT [9"

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

it inst reprinting any portion of the contents of

31:1: issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





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wICHiGAN FARMER immediately

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Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





DETROIT. JULY 29. I9".





 





CURRENT COMMENT.

Last Saturday wit-

The Senate Vote on nessed the close of

Reciprocity. one of the longest

and most bitterly

contested fights ever waged in the i'nitcd

States congress over any question of

national public policy, when the bill for

the ratification of the Canadian reciproc-

ity pact passed the senate without

amendment. The vote by which the bill

passed the senate showed a substantial

majority for the pact, being 53 for and

27 against. An analysis of the vote

shows that a majority of the republican

members of the senate present and vot-

ing were against the pact, 21 republican

members voting for and 24 against it,

while 32 demOCratic members voted for

the pact and three against it. Thus it

\vould'appear that, while the vote was in

a measure non-partisan, yet with a ma-

jority of the republican members in both

the house and the senate voting against

the bill, the credit for the consummation

of the agreement on our part is shared

by the republican president who is re-

sponsible for its promulgation and the

democratic members of the two houses

of congress who furnished the votes nec-

lssary to its passage.



As forecasted in previous comments on

the situation, Michigan’s vote was divided,

thus making our state a negligible factor

in the final solution of this vexed ques-

tion. Senator Townsend volcd for the

bill, and against all of the amendments

offered on the day of its final considera-

tion, as he did against practically all of

the amendments previously submitted.

His own amendment looking toward ne-

gotiations for the establishment of a

deep waterway between the great lakes

and the ocean, the encouragement of

which scheme was his principal published

reason for favoring the pact, was voted

down by the senate. Senator Smith vot-

ed against thc bill, and against most of

the amendments offered on the ground of

believing in the protection of American

industries all along the line, but voted

for the Nelson amendment to put back

half of the duties on farm products taken

off by the terms of the agreement and

for the McCumber amendment which

provided that Canadian grain now held

in bond in American warehouses be re-

quired to pay a duty even if taken out

of bond after the agreement goes into

effect in the event of its passage by





Canada.





..|/"





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





Various other analyses of the vote are

possible from the standpoint of the views

of the senators on general tariff legisla-

tion but they could be included to no

purpose in this comment, since Michigan

Farmer readers would have no common

interest in them. With the matter finally

disposed of by congress and assured of

the President’s approval, public interest

in the present special session centers in

the disposition which may be made of

other pending tariff legislation. The fate

of such legislation, however, seems to be

settled by the reported announcement of

President Taft that he will veto any fur-

ther tariff legislation that may be passed

before the tariff board reports on the in-

vestigation of tariff matters which it is

now making. it is predicted that there

will be an early adjournment of the

special session, following the vote on the

two tariff bills now pending in the sen-

ate, the last of which has been fixed for

August 7.



There will. of course, be a general pub-

lic interest in the course of legislation

in Canada relating to the ratification of

the agreement. Canadian authorities

who are in close touch with the proposi-

tion predict that Canadian ratification

will be held up for some time, it being

expected that an appeal will be made to

the people by the liberals on the reci-

procity issue at the fall elections. An-

other factor which may bring about a

further delay is the fact that a. readjust-

ment of seats in the Canadian parliament

will be made under the new census,

which may enable the opponents of the

pact to force the issue into another elec-

tion, with a possible compromise through

which the pact might be ratified with an

interval provided before it would go into

effect, during which a referendum could

be taken upon a basis of the new ap—

portionment of seats. The prospect of

the approval of such a compromise by

the government is said to be strength-

ened by the fact that the western prov-

inces, which are relatively strong for the

pact, would gain in their number of seats

under the new apportionment, and that

the ultimate ratification of the pact

would thus be made more certain.





But whatever the obstructions which

may be placed in the way of early action,

there is apparently little reason to believe

that the pact will fall of final ratification

by the Canadian government, and how-

ever long may be the. delay in its official

approval and actual effect, its approval

by our government will have the practical

effect of discounting its ultimate effect

upon our agriculture. It is, however,

important to our personal and collective

welfare to make a mole hill rather than

a mountain out of that effect so far as

it is in our power to accomplish that re-

sult. It is always better to be an opti-

mist than it is to be a pessimist, and

nothing can have a more untoward effect

upon our agriculture than a generally

pessimistic attitude on the part of our

farmers. \Ve hdve fought this proposi-

tion as best we could. That we have lost

is, of course, a matter of regret, but it is

not a good reason for pessimism on our

part. The pessimist is always handicap—

ped in the race for material success. The

optimist, whose optimism is tempered

with reason, is most often the winner in

the commercial race, and even if we can-

not control the conditions under which

the race must be run, it is essential that

we be more diligent in our efforts to Suc-

ceed in our business under any handicap

which we cannot evade.





Slowly and quietly



Co-operative Selling but surely, the plan

on the Increase. of co-operative sell-

ing of farm pro-



ducts by the producers is increasing in

this state. Reports have recently been

received of the organization of co-opera—

tive elevator companies and the enlarge-

ment of plants already established for

the purpose of handling farm produ< ts at

several points in the state In the latest

case of this kind to come to our attention

the capital stock of 3 Farmers’ Produce

00., already well established was in-

creased by more than $5, 000 for the pur-

pose of enlarging the plant, this addi-

tional stock all being subscribed at the

annual meeting of the company. The

principal products sold through this com-

pany are beans and wool, of which 132

car loads were shipped out. Merchandise

required by the farmers was shipped in

totaling 69 cars. These requirements in-

cluded coal, feed, salt, tile, brick and

cement. The members’ satisfaction with

the plan was evidenced by the action

above noted and by the re- -election of the

old officers and directors at the annual





meeting.

What the farmers of this community





are doing for themselves those of thou-

sands ef other communities in the state

could profitably do. This company was

apparently organized along. the line of

community production, which, as has of:

ten been explained in these columns, is

the most practical basis for a. co-opera-

tlve enterprise. The principal cash crop

in this locality happened to be beans, so

this was the first product to the selling

of which the efforts of the organization

were directed. Then it was found that

the wool grown by the members could be

profitably marketed in a co—operative way

and many of their requirements supplied

in a like manner. Next year hay will

be handled in quantities by this company,

and its functions will doubtless increase

until its operations cover the entire range

of production of the surrounding com-

munity. Object lessons of this kind

should stimulate the growth of co-opera-

tive enterprises of this kind throughout

the state, and it is a matter for congrat-

ulation that such object lessons are be-

coming more numerous each year.

Last week the U.

Campaign Publicity S. senate passed

Legislation. the most drastic

' campaign publicity

measure yet passed by either house of

the national legislativebody. The main

features of the bill are as follows: All

general election expenses must be made

public before the election occurs. The

expenditure of candidates for the United

States senate is limited to a. total of not

more than $10,000, and that of candi-

dates for the lower house of congress to

not more than $5,000, provided that no

candidate for congress may spend more

than 10 cents for each voter in his dis-

trict or state. That this bill will be con-

curred in by the house is indicated by

the fact that a house bill was made the

basis for the bill which was passed by

the senate, and also by the fact that the

bill passed the senate without a dissent-

ing vote.



Other features of the bill require that

all promises of political jobs be made

public and make it illegal to promise po—

litical jobs to secure political support. Of

course, the letter of a law of this nature

will be difficult of enforcement, but its

passage is in line with public sentiment

and may be considered a progressive step.

What the people of the country want,

however, whether they are right in their

demands, or wrong, as the majority of

the senators apparently believe, is an op-

portunity to select their representatives

in the United States senate by direct

vote. But publicity of campaign expen-

ses will still be a good thing if the people

ever get the chance to vote directly for

their senators.





 





FARM VALUATIONS FOR TAXATION

PURPOSES.



There was a gathering of business and

professional men in one of the club rooms

in a Michigan city, when the subject of

farming had its turn. The almost unani-

mous opinion was that farming was en-

tirely a matter of rotation, and that the

low yields and decrease of total produc-

tion was caused by failure to properly

rotate crops. As one man expressed it,

the American farmer don't understand

the cards to be played in the game of

rotation. A leading public official, in

speaking of the future of the Canadian

Northwest, said no permanent agricul-

ture could exist there because of their

inability to practice crop rotation and

keep up the fertility of the soil. The

increased production of European farms

is pointed out to illustrate the superiority

of continental agriculture and, by in-

ference, the inferiority of American farm

methods, notwithstanding the fact that

Europe has cheap labor and buys enor—

mous quantities of fertilizing elements.



This View of agriculture, commonly

held by business and professional men,

would be interesting if it were only aca—

demic, but upon the misapprehension is

founded theories of land values for pur—

poses of taxation that burden agriculture.

Prof. Sumner, of Yale College, begins his

work on political economy with the

statement that man's sphere industrially

is simply to move things, i. e., to bring

materials into changed relations. The

farmer prepares the soil and plants the

seed, then heat, moisture and the ele-

ments of plant growth produce the crop.

He is the great master manufacturing

chemist who uses nitrogen phosphoric

acid and potassium, et al. in the proper

environment, and the results of his labor

and skill feed and clothe all mankind. If

he sells a ton of clover hay, he has taken

from the soil 36 lbs. of potassium, 35 lbs.





 





of lime and about 6 lbs. of phosphorus.





JULY 29, 1911.





If it is an average of tw0 tons to the

acre, 80 lbs. of nitrogen, 10 lbs. of phos

phorus and 60 lbs. of potassium are ab-

stracted. If a. 50-bushel crop of corn

and the corresponding yield of stalks are

removed, 74 lbs. of nitrogen, 11% lbs. of

phosphorus and 35 lbs. of potassium are

abstracted. If a moderate crop of 50

bushels of cats is removed, there has

been taken 48 lbs. of nitrogen, 8 lbs. of

phosphorus and 24 lbs. of potassium. Then

a crop, of 50 bushels of wheat removes

96 lbs. of nitrogen, 16 lbs. of phosphorus

and 48 lbs. of potassium. These are the

absolute chemical facts and no turn of

the rotation can take less and produce

the crops. Nitrogen in part can be con-

served with the legumes and the return

of the coarser portions is a credit item

to be allowed. However, the increase of

city population demands more and more

of complete removal, and this, coupled

with the law of diminishing returns, ex—

hausts the fertility faster than it can be

made available for crop uses.





From a geological standpoint plant

growths and decay for ages rendered the

slowly unavailable plant food of the rocks

available. Modern farming, in a. com-

paratively short time, uses up the avail-

able, elements and the farmer must sup-

ply or return them at an added cost. The

fact that unavailable or insoluble com—

pounds of phosphorus and potassium

exist has no bearing, because too slowly

available for profitable production under

existing conditions. The potash of the

soil is a double silicate of potassium and

about as available as the sodium silicate

would be in a pane of window glass. Mod-

ern civilization carries the available ele-

ments from the soil to the city by the

train load, and must return fertilizer of

some kind to preserve soil conditions to

produce more. The removal of coal from

the vein, or ore from the lead or fissure,

and their renewal to produce a. condition

of inexhaustibllity would be a similar

argument, because among minerals there

is a slowly working law of mass concen-

tration.



In the old nursery rhyme, Sam Sprat

and his wife, by rotating on the different

kinds of meat cleaned up the platter, al-

though the school of rotationists would

claim otherwise. The law of diminishing

returns, as summed up by John Staurt

Mill, is that all natural agents which are

limited in quantity are not only, limited

in their ultimate productive power, but

long before that power is stretched to the

utmost they yield to any additional de-

mands on consrantly harder terms. This

law is true in mining as well as in ag-

riculture. The opening up of the virgin

Canadian soils to the student of agricul-

tural economics is somewhat foreboding,

when the cheapened and abandoned

farms of the Atlantic coast are remem-

bered. To prove the ”harder terms” that

agriculture is demanding in Michigan,

nearly one million dollars worth of com-

mercial fertilizers were purchased last

year to repair the losses, and this was

but a fractional repair.



Farmed lands decrease in value under

the law of diminishing returns and crop

removal, while/at the same time city and

village real estate increases in value by

the accelerated increment of increasing

urban population. At the same ratio as

centralized population increases, so does

transportation and exchange. Thus, on

the teeter board between farm and city,

the former, to supply the latter, produces

at an increased cost, as noted under the

law of diminishing returns or on ”harder

terms." Then comes the outcry from the

untrained in economics against the in—

creased cost of living.



Several years before his death E. H.

Harriman, in addressing the American

Mining Congress, said‘ “that manufactur-

ers in 1900 received 19.4 per cent on the

capital invested; national banks, from

their incorporation, had paid dividends

averaging 83/, per cent, and in the last

three years had averaged 10 per cent,

while the farmer, including his own and

his family’s labor, had received but 9 per

cent on the value of his farm." This, it

is to be noted, makes no allowance for

depreciation of fertility. The manufac-

turer can include depreciation of plant

while the farmer, so long as virgin soils

are being brought into cultivation, other

things being equal, can not fix the price

to include abstracted soil elements.



Under the “harder conditions,” as

termed by John Staurt Mill, in Michigan

farmed lands should have an amortiza-

tion or restoration find. To illustrate the

difference between manufacturing and

farming, last year approximately one

million tons of beets were manufactured

into sugar in Michigan. The price of

sugar was made to include factory de-
JULY 29, 191 l.





preciation. From the farms were taken

approximately 7,000 tons of fertilizing ele-

ments which was not included in the

price paid for the beets. This is an as-

sumed inalienable source of plant food

supply which, according to the theory of

rotation above noted, succeeding crops in

the rotation will restore.



One of the interesting things in con-

nection with soil depletion is that in old

settled countries, since it takes several

pounds of grain to produce a pound of

meat, it is more economical for the labor-

ing class to consume the grain and forego

the meat, until the latter is rerely fur-

nished them, with a resulting deprecia-

tion of strength and physical welfare.

,The laborer who, at the behest of manu-

facturing corporations, fails to recognize

this law of diminishing returns and asks

for increased taxation on farms in addi-

tion to this law by the operation of which

city real estate increases in value through

the unearned increment, is preparing the

way to a vegetarian diet, as is the rule

in Europe. '



XVages of superintendence, salaries,

fees, etc., are on the farm included in the

product. In most other industries these

represent the personal earnings and are

not subjects of taxation. A physician

purchases 'another’s practice; the attor—

ney builds up a clicntage; the .teacher

makes for himself a reputation, and in

common with the factors of good will and

established trade in a business, these

are all assets, and in other lines are not

taxed, while the skill and ability of the

farmer is included in the acres he farms.

Each of the above are fields of labor and

none are taxed but that of the farmer.

'\\'ith the increase of city population the

compensation accruing to skill is greater

in the city, while upon the farm the skill

of the farmer competes in the main ne—

ccssities with the world's supply.



That the personal earnings of the farm-

cr are so interwoven with the product

and constitute a. factor of farm valuation

is seen to be indisputable in several tests.

Loans are seldom made on farm property

to an amount in excess of 50 per cent

of its value. The farmer’s life and skill

is the other factor which makes up the

cash value, while his death or disability

is a possibility which the mortgagee does

not take any chances on. An assessor

who was loaning money for an insurance

compa y frankly said that for purposes

of taxation farm land is worth twice as

much as it is as security for a loan.

\Vhen a farmer dies and leaves no son to

operate his farm or step into the shoes

of personal taxation, the neighbors won-

dcr how the farm will be managed, for

few farms will pay the salary of a man-

ager.



During the period of trust formation no

one ever thought it possible to have a

large landed estate or a “trust farm.”

The absurdity of such a creation is ap—

parent under existing conditions of per-

sonal taxation and the general failure to

recognize the law of diminishing returns.

if the state tax commission were to de-

termine an equitable maintenance or

restoration fund for farmed lands and di-

vorce the farmer from inclusion in farm

values in assessments. it would mark' an

era in equitable taxation.



Shiawassee Co, JAs. N. MCBRIDE.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.

National.



By a majority of 1,483 votes Jersey

City, N. J., last week rejected the com-

mission form of government, which the

New Jersey legislature prescribed and

Governor Vl'ilson defended. There were

13,068 votes against the plan and 11,585 in

its favor.



Four indictments have been returned

by a federal grand jury at Cleveland,

which has been investigating an alleged

wall paper trust. The indictments charge

a conspiracy in restraint of trade under

the provisions of the Sherman anti-trust

law. The indicted parties are all ofl‘l-

cials of wall paper jobbing houses.



Judge Archbold, of the United States

Circuit Court, imposed a fine of $25,000 on

Hugo Rosenberg, a New York dry goods

importer, when he pleaded to guilty to

four indictments charging him with de—

frauding the government out of customs

duties.



The senate committee on privileges and

elections last week ordered an investiga-

tion of the election of Senator Isaac

Stephenson, of Wisconsin, and the ex—

penditure of money that accompanied it.

This action was taken as a result of a

memorial presented by the “'isconsin

legislature.



The fiftieth anniversary of the date of

the first battle of Bull Run was observed

by a great congregation of veterans of

both northern and southern armies at

Manassas, Va., on Friday, July 21. Ad-

dresses were delivered by President Taft,

Gov. Mann, and other notables.



In what are known as the Spokane-

Reno—Pacific coast cases the interstate

commerce commission on Monday of this

week ordered material reductions in

freight rates from the east to points be-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. <11) '83





tween Denver and the western terminals

of the great transcontinental railroads.

For many years the railroads have ex-

acted from shippers to intermediate

points, such as Spokane and Reno, higher

rates on eastern freights than were

charged for the much longer hauls to

Seattle, San Francisco and other Pacific

coast points. The theory has been that

the railroads must meet water competi-

tion to the Pacific coast. The higher

rates to intermediate points, arbitrarily

fixed, have been defended by a compari-

son with the coast rates, plus a theoreti-

cal backhaul from the coast to the inland

stations along the line. The commission

recognizes the right of a railroad to meet

water competition, but practically wipes

out the backhaul rates to inter-Rocky

Mountain territory. It lays down what

it considers would be fair and just rates

to various freight zones in the west and

gives the railroads until October 15 to

adjust their tariffs accordingly. ,



A Chicago capitalist has announced

plans for the immediate construction of

an interurban railway from Bristol, Ind,

to ,Kalamazoo, Mich., passing through the

Michigan towns of Vicksburg, Constan-

tine, Three Rivers and Schoolcraft.



The total increase in exports from the

United States during the fiscal year end-

ing June 30, according to statistics issued

last week, is over $300,000.00. Of this in-

crease $140,000,000 was in manufactures

and the remainder in agricultural prod-

ucts. Of these products cotton supplied

about $135,000,000; meat and dairy prod-





‘ucts about $19,000,000; corn approximate-





ly $10,000,000; food animals, $1,500,000:

flour about $2,500,000, while wheat show-

ed a marked decline.



During the work on the sunken battle-

ship Maine in the Havana harbor, bones

from a number of bodies have been re-

moved, identification of the victims be-

ing impossible. The cofferdam has now

been pumped out dry and the mud is

being washed from the wreckage. it is

thought that the after part of the ship

for perhaps one—third its length can be

floated and removed from the harbor.

It is said that the balance of the wreck,

including the forward part of the ship.

is so badly broken up from the effects of

the explosion which wrecked the vessel

that it resembles a dumping place for

scrap iron, rather than a once, powerful

battleship.



More than 60 Shots were exchanged

between strikers and guards in a gar-

ment workers riot. which occurred in

Cleveland on Monday. Two strikers

were wounded and the police made many

arrests.



The question of state wide prohibition

of the liquor traffic was submitted to the

people of Texas in the form of a con—

stitutional amendment last Saturday. The

result was at first reported to be a vic—

tory for the “dry" element, but later

returns indicate that the amendment will

be defeated by a majority of about 6,000.

Although the returns are not all in at

this writing, the pro-liquor vote is said

to have so great a lead as to preclude

any possibility of the adoption of the

amendment.



Ten thousand soldiers, comprising dc-

tachments of United States infantry and

cavalry from Fort Sheridan, regiments

of the national guard and naval reserves

of Illinois and four other states, took

part in the national military tournament

held in Grant park this week.



Foreign.



The United States senate has ratified

the American- British—Russian-Japancse

fur-seal treaty which was transmitted

to them by the President last week. Un-

der the terms of the compact the killing

of seals in the open seas, known as

pelagic sealing, is absolutely prohibited

north of the thirtieth degree of north

latitude for 15 years and the various

governments are given power to regulate

and even discontinue seal killing on the

seal islands within their jurisdiction. To

compensate the sealers of Japan and

Great Britain (really those of Canada),

the United States agrees to transfer each

year 30 per cent of the skins taken an-

nually, one-half of which are to go to

Japan and the other half to Great Brit-

ain, the number in no case to fall below

1,000 to each country except in case of

total prohibition. A money compensation

of $200,000 each is allowed by the United

States to Great Britain and Japan for

immediate losses but its refund is pro-

vided for. Japan and Russia are also

required to turn over to other countries

a portion of the skins taken on their

islands. The treaty does not go into ef—

fect until ratified by all the signatory

powers, but as that act devolves exclu-

sively on the sovereigns of all of the

other countries, neither delay nor failure

is anticipated. ‘\



Mohammed Ali Mirza, the ex-shah, who

is now in Persia in an attempt to win

back his throne, will be proclaimed an

Eutlgw, with a price of $100,000 on his

ea .





 





CATALOG NOTICE.





 





J. M. Peel & Bro., Marysville, Ohio,

manufacturers of the P. & Bl fence

anchor, will send, upon request, to read—

ers of the Michigan Farmer, an illus-

trated folder telling all about this device

for holding wire fences to the ground,

thus preventing stock from passing un-

der_them and protecting the posts from

pulling out. By its use posts can be set

from 35 to 40 feet apart and still make a

firmer fence than double the posts with-

out the anchors. They also afford per-

fect protection from lightning by “ground-

ing" the fence at frequent intervals.

Write for literature to the manufacturers

or to H. C. Whitney & Co., Michigan

State Agents, 31 Home Bank Building,

Detroit, Mich., mentioning the Michigan

Farmer. Mr. Whitney is himself a farm—

er and can advise from personal knowl—

gdgf regarding the practicability of this



ev ce.





A was. semi





!





.9,

i





 





 





 





For the work of plowing, discing, harrowing, secdinghharfi

vesting, hauling grain to market, animal power is exceedingly

expensive. The price of farm horses is now about 150 per cent

higher than ten years ago, their iced bills nearly double. The

excessive price of building material increases the number of

dollars a farmer must invest in sheltering his horses. and their

care is a constant worry and a daily expense.



THE 01m.“ WAY

is much cheaper. Che-per in first cost at ouliil, cheaper in operation, less

expensive in maintenance and requires no cure nor attention when 00‘

working.



The when compared with onimal power, for the work of plowing

alone, easily effects a nving o! $l.00 for every ncrc plowed. .



A fair average cost per acre for good, deep plowing with bones. u 60

cents for feed, 75 cents for labor, 40 cents {or interest, depreciation and

maintenance. making a total of “.75 per acre plowed. With the 0% the

cost per acre is. fuel 21 cents, labor 29 cents. depreciation. interact and

maintenance 25 cents. making a total of 75 cents. That't a saving of a

dollar an acre. The same proportionate saving can be effected in Ill other

farming operations.



THE SMALL TRACTOR FOR THE SMALL FARM



Type "F," 15 Traclivc, 30 Broke Horse Power is especially adopted to

small farms. The farmer with 160 acres under cultivation can probably

n1! three out of every four of hi- Ilonu, buy this size tractor and do

plowing, discinz, harrowing. seeding, threshing and hauling.



s-ves time, worry and labor, and It the end of the season shows I

nice profit on the investment. Have you seen our cat-log? Write for ittodoy-





M. RUMELY CO.





6275 Milo Street LA FORTE. IND.





This small engine

and two boys -

plow 14 acres a day





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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erhefi Collar R=eally Decides the

Working Capacity of Any Horse





The right kind of collar brings the

pulling strain where it should be—and

without galling or chafing the neck.





Our “Sunbeam” Percheron Collar





is but one of the many styles we make

for different purposes. Each is properly

shaped, made of the best obtainable

materials, and will outlast two ordinary

collars he :ause the padding holds in place.





There’s a dealer near you who sells

HSUNBEAM” collars and harnesses. If

you don’t know him write us and we will

tell you Where you can inspect “SUNBEAlV ” goodsiMade to wear.





I BROWN 6: SEHLER CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.

—_____J





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Farm Wanted in Exchan e for Stock of Merchanltiise MAKE MONEY in a

BANADIAN. FRUIT FARM





Address Box 5. Mic igan Farmer, Detrol .

on the shores of Lake Huron in the county





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‘HORTICULTUREi





LAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWAAA





FRUIT NOTES.





 





 





 





 





' Thinning Apples.





Thinning apples is our main order of

business this week. Four of us have

been at this work for a week, and I think

we shall put in another week at it. There

is not a full crop on all trees but some

of them are loaded and parts of others

are too full. On the whole, there is

promise of perhaps two-thirds of a crop.

\Vhere there is a crop this year it is gen-

erally too heavy, especially on the early

varieties. This is probably due to the

favorable spring which allowed more of

the blossoms to set than usual. Even on

most trees which have a light crop much

of it is in clusters of from three to six

apples in a cluster and even these need

thinning though they would not if more

scattered. Such clusters of a half dozen

in a clump seldom amount to much if all

are left, even if they are on a tree with

a light crop. Such trees will, however,

mature two or sometimes three in a

cluster into good-sized fruits, but if such

clusters are found on trees where there

is a full crop throughout they are thin-

ned to one, and the single specimens left

about six inches apart on a branch. No

exact rule can be laid down, as the dis-

tance will depend upon the thickness of

the surrounding fruit, the ability of the

branch to hold the load, the size of the

mature fruit, its perfection, and other

things. All wormy, scabby, hail bruised,

knurly, and otherwise defective fruit is

removed, especially if there is plenty of

good fruit to be left. The fruit seems to

be quite perfect and free from worms and

scab this season, so there is not so much

of this fruit, but it will be of consider-

able help in the grading to have what

there is removed, and have the apples

thinned so each will have a chance to

reach at least a medium size. Apples,

as well as farm crops, seem to be more

advanced at this time of the year than

is usual, and will be likely to mature

early. On this account it will be desir-

able to have an early fall, or, if we get

a late warm autumn, to have the fruit

where it can be gotten into cold storage

as soon as possible.



It is interesting to note the different

manner in which different varieties are

arranged upon the tree. Some are quite

well distributed, like Greenings and

Starks; others, like Baldwins and Ben

Davis, are generally clustered and are

more in need of thinning. Some, like

“'inter Rambo. are set close to the

branch, and so thick they nearly touch

all along it. Most summer and full ap—

ples set entirely too thick. ’l‘ransparcnt,

Duchess, \strakhan, and \Vcalthy have

required the removal of from one—half to

three-fourths of the fruit.



'\‘.'e find that it is costing from 25 to

cents this season to thin an ordinary

tree. l’robably :30 cents will be a good

average. in a season when apples are

as plentiful as they promise to be this

season only the best ones Will bring good

prices and there is little use of bothering

with culls, so i believe now is the best

time to get rid of them. T‘ull them off

and, if possible, let the hogs eat them up.



\\'c have finished going over our young

trees twice. cutting out blight and strip-

ping off worms’ nests. l have never

seen the blight as bad on young trees as

it is this season. Our \Vagencrs seem es—

pecially susceptible to it, especially those

on cultivated soil. The tent caterpillar

is also starting early and bids fair to be

plentiful “'e usually strip these off and

put into a basket carried for the pur—

pose. This saves the branches and buds

for the next season. The blight we try

to cut at least six inches below the in—

fcction and disinfect. the pruning shears

in a solution of carbolic acid after each

tree or after each branch where it is

necessary to cut close to the infection.

I have already noticed a few of the red-

humped apple worms which are usually

quite prevalent during August and Sep-

tember. These work in clusters on the

leaves and soon spread over a small tree.

\Ve strip the leaves they are working on

and burn them.





Strawberries and Raspberries.





75





The strawberries have all been worked

over and are waiting for a rain before

hoeing them out. It is a bad time for

patches that were burned, as there has

been no rain since they were worked ov-

er, but the old plants which were mowed

and the mulch raked off are starting

nicely but making a slower growth than





THE MICHIGAN. FARMEfi.





they would had there been showers after

renewing. The spring set plants aFe not

making runners ‘very fast as ,yet. We

are now cutting marsh grass for mulch,





-which we will haul and stack by the





patches, ready to spread in December.

The raspberries are getting rather dry

but the reds are still holding out pretty

well. They are in good demand, but it

is difl‘icult to get them picked clean. The

blacks are being touched by the dry

weather. These berries are in a. six-

year—old orchard and I think we shall

remove them and give the orchard the

room. The VVagener and Wealthy trees

are hearing some fruit this year and it is

time they had the ground to themselves.

Calhoun Co. S. B. HARTMAN.





SEED FOR COVER CROPS.



While one is not so particular with the

cleanliness of the seed sown in the or-

chard for the production of a cover crop,

as he is with seed for field crops, it is

usually wise to get the cleanest seeds ob-

tainable, since weed plants in the orchard

are apt to seed other parts of the farm

where the presence of weeds is not de—

sired. However neglectful one may be

about the weeds being present it is im-

portant that the quality of the seeds sown

be high as one desires a rapid growth of

the crop from the beginning, a result

that can be obtained only with seed of

high germinating quality. Such seeds

as cannot be readily secured in local seed

stores or on the farm can be obtained

from reliable seedsmen.



The following table not only suggests

the different kinds of crops that may be

used for cover crops but also gives the

amount of seed needed per acre, thus aid-

ing the beginner in calculating the

amount necesary for his purpose: Of al-

falfa use from 30 to 40 lbs. per acre; of

hairy vetch use 40 to 50 lbs; of cowpeas

use about 90 lbs; and the same amount

of soy beans; of red clover, mammoth

clover and crimson clover use frOm 15

to 20 lbs: of sweet clover from 12 to 15

lbs; of corn use one-half bushel; of buck-

wheat use from one-half to three-fourths

bushels; of barley from 11/2 to 2 bushels;

of oats from 1% to 21/; bushels; of rye

from $4 to 11,4 bushels; of rape from 8

to 10 lbs; of turnips about 2 lbs. All the

seeds enumerated in order down to sweet





clover, inclusive, are leguminous seeds,





and the plants produced therefrom have

the ability to take from the air free

nitrogen, which fact enables these crops

to bring to the soil additional nitrogen

and thus save fertilizing expense where

this element is needed. The remaining

crops add to the soil humus and benefit

its physical condition without adding to

it new material. In a bearing orchard too

much nitrogen is not conducive to large

and continuous bearing and so it often

happens that leguminous plants are not

best to sow in spite of the nitrogen—

gathering habit.



REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF



SPRAYS.





 





There is much speculation among prac-

tical men as to the proper manner to

apply spraying solutions to trees. It is

true, no doubt, that the limited experi-

ence of many has caused them to reach

conclusions which a broader practice

would show to be erroneous. .Messers.

Dickens and lleadler, of the Kansas sta-

tion, have the following to say regarding

the subject:



"'l‘hc method of application of spray

materials should be made to vary with

the object to be gained. All sprays ex-

cept the one given at the dropping of the

petals are intended to coat as completely

as possible the trunk, limbs, foliage and

fruit with the mixtures. They are there-

fore delivered as a fine mist from both

ground and tower in such a manner as

best to effect this object. The spray at

the dropping of the petals is intended to

fill the open calyx end of the apple with

poison, because eighty per cent of the

first brood and a large percentage of the

second brood of apple worms enter the

fi‘uit through this door, and because soon

the calyx lobes will roll together, en-

closing the poison and holding it there

for all comers. “'hen this spray is de-

livered the young apple stands with the

calyx opening upward and so the filling

can best be accomplished by shooting the

spray into it,. from above downward un-

der great pressure. There is a differenCe

of opinion among experimenters as to

whether the second spray delivered as

a dash is more effective than if delivered

as a mist.



With the ordinary spraying machinery





efficient spraying cannot be done with

pressure of less than 80 pounds, and the

work can be much more satisfactorily and

rapidly done with a pressure of 200. Good

types of barrel pumps will give pressures

raiging from 60 to 120 pounds, with an

average of about 80. Gasoline and com—

pressed air sprayers will give pressure

from 120 to 225 pounds.

—T“

PINE TREES TROUBLED WITH IN-

SECTS.





 





 





I am asking through the columns of

your paper for information which will be_

beneficial to other readers as well as

myself. There is a small worm that is

eating the leaves or needles off from our

white pine tree; the worm is about ~34 of

an inch long, very light green, four rows

of black spots running lengthwise. The

worm is almost transparent. It eats

needles clean as it goes. It gets in clus-

ters in a bunch of pines and strips it

clean. I should like to find something to

exterminate them. .I have tried paris

green, kerosene and carbolic acid.



Ionia Co. J. L. R.





The description of the insect at work

on white pine seems to point to the saw-

fly, as near as one can judge without

specimens. If it has a large number of

legs it must be one. On the other hand,

if it is a measuring worm it might be a.

geometrid moth. The chances are it is

a saw-fly. Now, the pine saw-fly spins

its cocoon in the fallen needles or under

them in the soil, and a clean-up of such

material, or the burning of the stuff un-

der the tree will kill many. However, it

is a native insect and seldom works bad—

ly for more than one or two seasons,

since the parasites get control. In case

the damage seems to promise to become

excessive, a spray of arsenate of lead at

the rate of about three pounds to a bar-

rel of water should put a stop to it, since

the larvae are chewing insects.



Agril. College. R. H. PETTIT.





SOIL MOISTURE.





 





There is no more important practice of

the gardener than the controlling of soil

moisture. Throughout the season, from

the breaking of the land with the spade

or plow till the last cultivation and later,

he finds his labor giving best results

when he works to conserve the right

amount of water for the plants.





The reason is simple. From 80 to 90

per cent and more, of the plant, is water.

Plant food is carried from the ground

upward to the leaves and, after manu—

factured into starch, sugars and other

combinations, is taken to every cell of the

plant by means of the water coursing

through the vessels. Besides the water

dissolves the mineral elements of the soil

and makes it possible for them to gain

entrance into the cellular tissue of the

minute rootlets where the circulatory

system of the plant takes them up for

the ride to the leaves.





Thus we see the importance of having

a constant water supply ready for the

plant and the danger that must accrue

should the plant at any time fail to se-

cure what is needed to properly carry on

its functions. Our rainfall is usually

sufficient to mature a good crop. When

a crop fails for want of moisture or for

excess it is because the amount has not

bccn properly distributed Over the grow-

ing season, or because some portion of

the amount coming on the soil in the

form of rain during times when crops are

not growing is not trapped and held till

the plants can make use of it. \Vhat-

ever we can do to distribute the moisture

so it will bccome available to the crops

when needed will aid in mastering the

art of plant production.





The mechanical condition of the soil

is a factor that influences the amount of

soil moisture the land will retain and also

the length of time it will hold it. Soil

with a loose surface will allow less water

to escape by evaporation than will one

with a compact upper layer of earth, the

latter being fitted for giving up moisture

since communication with the earth be-

low is unhampered and the capillary

movement of moisture from the lower

strata upward is rapid, unbroken and

damaging to the future safety of plants

should dry weather overtake them before

maturity. The loose surface, on the other

hand, puts between the moist soil and

the moving atmosphere above, an ob-

struction which, though it does not abso-

lutely prevent, yet greatly hinders the

upward movement of the moisture. This

accounts for the beneficial effect of cul-

tivation, as stirring the surface produces

a mulch or loose surface that affects the

results mentioned.



The incorporation in the soil of vexe-





JULY 29, on".





table matter is another means of securing

a greater moisture holding capacity. In-

spect the yards'where the stock have

been fed, or the corner of the' orchard

where a stack bottom decayed and you

will find more water in \the soil than in

the open fields. Well-manured soils are

therefore benefited by‘the manuring. The

growing of deep-rooted plants also aid in

that they carry down into the subsoil

quantities of vegetable matter that re-

mains and decays after the plants are

harvested. Clovers, turnips, and alfalfa

belong to this class of plants. The ap-

plying of mulch material to the surface

affects practically the same end as does

cultivation.





The breaking up of the subsoil is also

a practice that helps to control soil mois-

ture. This may be done by subsoiling.

which has been a profitable procedure in

soils where hard pan is near the surface;

but the same end is obtained to a large

degree by the use of deep rooted plants

mentioned in the preceding paragraph.

In connection with deep tillage should be

added the effect of under-drainage which

aids in making a deeper feeding surface

for the plants by allowing the roots to

go deeper. Under-drained soil, peculiar

as it may seem, has in it a larger amount

of moisture available to the plants than

soils that lack this means for the surplus

water to escape, other things being the

same. A little observation and simple

experimentation will convince the reader

of this seeming paradox.





\Vhat we have said has its bearing up-

on the activities in the orchard and gar-

den. The planting of cover crops, the

continuation of tillage, the saving of com-

post, the mulching of the strawberries,

currants, berry bushes, etc., are all re-

lated one way and another to the con-

serving of soil moisture.





 





SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS FOR

PEACH SCAB.





The New Jersey Experiment Station

has recently compiled a report on some

spraying tests on peaches conducted last

year. In its observations it was found

that scab is noticeably more severe upon

trees with dense tops and upon trees

with rank, vigorous foliage. Such con-

ditions are likely to prevail in orchards

of young trees, and, where only '9'.» few

fruits have set, the proportionate loss

from insect troubles and fruit diseases is

very large.



In the station plot was an orchard

composed of trees making their third

summer’s growth. The trees were well

pruned but the foliage was very vigorous.

Nearly all of the trees set a few fruits

and some bore a considerable quantity,

but the setting of fruit was, of course,

much lighter in general than on the trees

making their fourth summer’s growth.

The former trees were sprayed with





self-boiled lime and sulphur and ar—~





senate of lead May 6,. and received a

second application consisting of home—

made concentrated lime-sulphur 1:100 on

May 26. No further applications of any

sort were made. The crop from the

sprayed trees was noticeably much

greater than from the unsprayed trees,

but this was probably due principally to

the controlling effect of the arsenate of

lead upon the plum curculio, which of-

ten materially reduces the crop on young

trees with a comparatively light setting

of fruit.



The effect of the two sprayings upon

the peach scab was very marked, how-

ever. The fruit from the unsprayed trees

did not show a single specimen free from

scab, and the greater proportion was

very badly scabbed, with much fruit ac-

tually cracked open. As picked from the

trees the fruit was of but little value.

The fruit from the unsprayed trees, how—

ever, showed a considerable proportion

of fruit free from scab and a very large

proportion which was only slightly scab—

bed and which brought a. fair price in

the market. The small proportion of badly

scabbed fruit from the sprayed trees was

less seriously cracked and affected than

the badly scabbed grade from the un-

sprayed trees, due to early spraying with

the self-boiled lime and sulphur as it was

shown in other tests that diluted home—

made concentrated lime-sulphur had but

little effect on the scab.





It is believed by the station officials

that three sprayings of the self-boiled

mixture will produce much better results

in the control of scab than two spraY-

ings, but the experiment shows the

marked influence of even one spraying of

the self~boiled mixture.





Washington, D. C. G. E. M.





—«.‘..
I —......





 





 





 





 





   





a





my 29. "191m





\ GRANGE





“A'A MAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





Our Motto—”The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





THE AUGUST PROGRAMS.





 





t





   





State Lecturer’s Suggestions for

Meeting.



“Our object should be to help develo

in the country community the grea

ideals of community life as well as of

personal character.”——Roosevelt.





Roll call, responded to by each telling

of the greatest ride he or she ever took.





Music.

Summer rations for cows.





Recitation.



My method of canning corn, fruit and

vegetables.



Song, 2.



Somelnoted people of today—1.

2. Women.



Suggestions for Second Meeting.



“Work without rest is like bread with-

out yeast~it is hard and heavy.”



Roll call, responded to by each naming

an evidence that the world is growing

wiser, brighter or better.



Co-operative ownership of farm ma-

chinery—is it feasible in this locality? If

so, what machines?



Conundrum contest.



Vacation experiences.



Select reading.



Value of a power engine in the work

of the farm and home. ,



Prime lemonade, by men named A to

J; served with choice cakes, by women

named K. to Z. .



Intersperse this program with songs

from ”Song Knapsack.”





INTEREST IN THE SMALL

RURAL SCHOOL.



The annual school meeting has been

held and the fortunes of the rural school

for the coming year depend largely upon

the work of that meeting. The desira-

bility of the Grange aiding and co-operat-

ing with district school officers and teach-

ers has frequently been urged through.

this department, and the State Lecturer,

in the program outlined for the early

July meetings of Granges, sought to pro-

mote the discussion of rural school prob-

lems as a means of preparing Patrons for

the annual school meeting.



In Michigan, as in most states, the

school,;..district, covering a few square

miles, lg the educational, unit, and school

patronsuare'generally unwilling to give

up this-particular institution even though

decreasing population has greatly dimin-

ished the attendance. The consolidation

of such districts has been quite generally

advocated as a means of strengthening

the schools and affording better oppor-

tunities for supervision and instruction.

\Vithout discussing the practicability and

value of consolidation as a remedy. it

may be said that there are, and probably

always will be, very many country dis-

tricts from which it will be impossible to

transport the children, and the mainte-

nance of a school for the benefit of the

children living in the district therefore

remains a necessity. That the standard

of such schools should be as high as the

combined wisdom of patrons and teach-

ers can make it will not be denied, but an

increasing interest must center about

the affairs of the school and the future

welfare of both the pupils and commu-

nity if this desirable end is to be at-

tained.



Rural progress in any community is

largely dependent upon the educational

facilities enjoyed by its young people. As

the champion of rural progress, therefore,

the Grange must strive to strengthen and

uphold the hands of local school officers

and teachers. The Grange’s interest in

the rural school is well set forth by a

New York educational writer in the fol-

lowing: _



The life of the Grange does not depend

altogether upon its present members. The

boys and girls living in a community

should be trained to bocome‘ not only

future farmers, but they are the ones to

be concerned in rural progress. If the

Grange has an interest in keeping up a

prosperous, up—to-date school its young

people are much better prepared to figure

in rural progress.



No teacher and no equipment is too

good for a rural school. It is there that

larger responsibility falls upon the teach—

er, and ‘even though there are but a few

children in the school they are as worthy

of good instruction as though they at-

tended aischool where there are fifty or

a hundred. Every Grange should demand

that there be a teacher employed who is

in sympathy with farm interests, who

has some knowledge of‘the work which

the children are supposed to do later in

life and: who will co-operate with the

Grange in the interests of the commu-





First





Men.





 





GRANGE





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





The school cannot do this work

Co-op-





nity.

alone; neither can the Grange.

oration is essential. .



A course of-study which does not in-

clude a knowledge of agriculture and the

work of the farm home is not an up-to—

date one. Many teachers have not had

the training which will enable them to

teach the essentials of agriculture. The

Grange can assist in this by securing

practical talks for the school and liter-

ature and equipment for the teaching of

agriculture; otherwise it must be expect-

ed that the boys and girls trained in the

rural schools will not have the interests

of the farm at heart.



Many of the schoolhouses of the state

are not fit places for housing the children

six hours of the day. The Grange should

have a standard for hygienic conditions

and artistic surroundings which will help

to make the schoolhouse a pride in a

district rather than fit to be placed upon

a back road. The Grange can arouse





public opinion in favor of a truly attrac-,





tive public building.



In like strain are the words of Presi-

dent Butterfield, of Massachusetts Agri-

cultural College and formerly a forceful

Grange worker in this state, in an ad-

dress on the Grange of the future: The

Grange of the future must work less for

the benefit of the individual and more

for the benefit of the whole community.

The Grange must become a national rath—

er than a sectional organization. The

Grange must stand for the farmer and

fight the farmer’s battle. It must be a

studying organization. It should be care-

ful to know what it is doing and what

the effect of what it does will be. The

time is coming when the true test of the

Grange will be what it does or has done

for the community. The Grange of to-

morrow must be aggressive and work

outside of the Grange for the reforms

advocated in the Grange.





THE GRANGE IN OTHER STATES.





 





Bay State Patrons Successfully Defend

their Milk Transportation Law.



The Grange in Massachusetts has just

emerged from a sharp contest with the

contractors who supply milk to the large

cities of that state, and the organization

is be congratulated on the successful out-

come of the fight. The issue involved

was the repeal of the so-called Saunders

milk transportation law, which Grange

efforts put on the statute books one year

ago. This law abolished the contractors’

leased milk car on the railroads and pro-

vided the “open car,” with equal shipping

privileges for all milk producers and

handlers.



The great milk contractors, three of

whom had controlled the milk market of

Boston because of their leased car pow-

er,_ at once inaugurated a spirited cam-

paign to secure the repeal of the law.

An effort was made to get an extra ses-

sion of the legislature to repeal it, its

constitutionality was assailed, and when

all these plans failed the contractors and

their allies set about working up a senti-

ment throughout the state to block the

operation of the law and to accomplish

its repeal by the 1911 legislature.



The contractors and railroads joined

hands to defeat the farmers, and several

all-day hearings were held by the legis-

lature. Emissaries had been sent all

over the state to work up sentiment

against the continuance of the law and a

great agitation was stirred up. The

prospect looked anything but bright for

retaining the law and milk producers

shuddered at the prospect of going back

to the grip of the contractors and their

old leased car system.



Then the Grange took hold of the fight

and gave the farmers’ cause a leadership

that immediately changed the situation.

The annual State Grange had voted

unanimously in favor of retaining the

Saunders law, and the whole weight of

Grange influence was thrown in its favor.

The result was that the power of the

contractors and their allied interests was

overthrown by a vote of 24 to 14 in the

senate and of more than two to one in

the house. The Saunders law is there-

fore retained as a state law and the open

car in Massachusetts milk transportation

is saved for probably all time to come.





Liquor License Funds for Support of State

institutions.



At the meeting of Oregon State Grange

held last May a proposition to turn over

to the state penitentiary, asylums and

charitable institutions of the state all

fees derived from the granting of liquor

licenses was submitted. It resulted in a

long and spirited discussion in which

strong opinions were expressed on both

sides, particularly by those favoring the

proposition. The plan was held to be

logical and practical in that the saloon

money should properly be applied to sup—

porting those conditions for whose exist—

ence the saloon is largely responsible.

’VVhen put to a vote the Grange decided

to recommend to the legislature the

enactment of a law that would so apply

all liquor license fees.





 





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings.

Berrien County Granges' Annual Pic-





nic, at Hegman Park, Benton Harbor,

Saturday, July 29. D. E. McClure, state

speaker.





with Gorman Grange





Lenawee 00.,

Annual Grange rally.





Thursday, Aug. 3.





E FARMERS’ owns]





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS' CLUBS.





 





 





Presi'dent——B. A. Holden, Wixom.



Vice-Pres, J. D, Leland, Corunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson,-Meta-

mora.



Treasurer—Mrs. Lewis Sackett, Eckford.



Directors—A. R. Palmer, Jackson; Wm.

H. Marks, Fair Haven; C. L. Wright.

Caro; E. W. Woodruff, Blanchard; C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick Hankerd.

Munith.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





Associational Motto.—



The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer's most valuable asset.

Associational Sentiment.—



The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.



THE SUMMER PiCNiCS.



leports of the summer picnics held by

the local Farmers’ Clubs are coming in

slowly, but in each case where a report

has been received these picnic meetings

have proven a great success. While a.

few of the picnic meetings are held in

July, by far the larger proportion of them

occur in August. There is still time for

the officers or executive committee of any

Club to get together with other local

organizations and plan a general farmers’

picnic for the community where no special

Farmers’ Club picnic has been voted by

the Club itself. These meetings are es-

pecially profitable in bringing friends to-

geiher and in fostering and developing a

general social interest in the neighbor-

hood. It is a mistake to let the summer

go by without such a gathering in any

community, and no one can take the ini-

tiative in planning such a general social

gathering better than the officers of the

local Farmers' Club.





 





 





REVERIES OF THE NORTHERN SPY.





Original poem read by Frank C.‘Hack-

er, before the Howell Farmers‘ Club, of

Livingston county.





A clearing in the forest;

A settler’s humble home,

'W'liere ague and mosquitoes

Rose from the leafy loam.

The crooked, stumpy roadway

Had a traveler one day;

And, eating on an apple,

The core he threw away.





That evening in the moonlight,

"Twas by a rabbit found;

One little seed escaped him

And rattled to the ground.

Through the (lying autumn,

And ’neath the winter’s snow,

I waited for the springtime

To swell and sprout and grow.





Although the winter lingered

Long on the lap of spring;

The buds were slow in starting,

The birds were slow to sing;



I felt the rays of sunshine

My tender rootlets spread,

The rain came down upon me;

I lifted up my head.





And there, I grew neglected,

Beside a new rail fence,



\Vhile changes in the landscape

\Vere the farmer’s recompense.



But when, at length he noticed

I was an apple tree,



His face lit up with pleasure

And he remarked to me:





“How lucky that I found you,

For some infernal mouse



Has killed a tree I planted

In the orchard near the house.



And there I was transplanted—

A seedling apple tree.



“’iih grafted fruit around me,

Or was supposed to be.





There I out—grew my neighbors;

I was the farmer’s pride,

My branches reached to’ard l-i'caven;

Theirs hung down by their side.

But they were early bearers;

They blossomed when quite small;

The ripened fruit hung on them

In summer and in fall.





The VVagener, and the Spitzenberg,

The Greening and the Swarr,

Grime’s Golden and the Pippin,

The Sheepnose, black as tar,

The. Early Harvest Red Streak,

With branches hanging low;

YVhile I, the largest, tallest,

Did nothing else but grow.





At last the farmer weakened,

And gravely told his wife



That I was big, and worthless,

And he would take my life.



The farmer's wife then told him:

“Now, “’iiliam, spare that tree,



And don't be quite so hasty,

Or soon the time you’ll see





\Vhen you’ll regret your action

And wish you’d heeded me.”



And she. as usual, conquered

And changed my destiny.





- . can». A,“ .3- - i,“-





(13)





85





For, in the spring that followed,

XVhen all the rest were done,

My branches filled with blossoms,

\Vhen all the rest had none.





LMMJ





The shining, big red apples,

That hung on every stem,

Appeared, like Nature’s jewels,

Hung on her diadem.



The vanquished farmer saw it;

He said unto his wife,



“Now, Mary, you shall name it,

For once you saved its life.





It came to us a stranger

It once was doomed to die.”

She pondered for a moment,

“VVe’ll call it, Northern Spy.”

Then, I was propagated

By every modern craft,

I furnished b’ ' in August,

In spring, 1 furnished graft.





The catalogues proclaimed me

The hardiest and best;



A winter fruit in Michigan,

An autumn in the West.



The children played around me,

And some mechanic made



A rustic seat beside me,

Out in the cooling shade.





The Harvest Red Streak fruited

On each alternate Year.

\Yhen it failed, the town boy

Would on my limbs appear.

He strictly was forbidden

Such apples hard and green,

But, Adam-like, he ate them

With consequence foreseen.





Before the hour of midnight,

I heard the town boy cry

In tones of mortal agony:

“Oh! mamma, will I die?”

But on the morn he loitered

And lounged upon that seat,

And gazed on fruit forbidden,

And then, some more did eat.





The farmer’s pretty daughter

\Vould sit there Sunday night;



A young man’s arm around her,

Unnecessarily tight.



He told her how he loved her,

And how his strong right arm



\Vould always be around her,

And shield her from all harm.





I heard a growl of anger;

I heard that young man’s flight

Through standing corn and pumpkins—-

The dog got loose that night.

A sound of muffled laughter

Came from the woodshed door.

The maiden was heartbroken,

For he came back no more.





One day in late September,

An equinoxial storm



Came raging, like a pestilence,

0f most malignant form.



It seized me like a demon,

And twisted me around



’Tili two o'erloaded branches

Went crashing t0 the ground.





\Vith ax and saw the farmer

Soon cleared the wreck away,

It left a wound so ugly

It started to decay.

Not many short years later,

A hollow in my chest

Two little wrens discovered,

And therein built their nest.





In after years, two robins

Drove both the wrens away,

And built their nest of gleanings

All plastered o’ci' with clay.

The farmer raised his grandson,



To see the eggs so blue,

TVhile loudly chirped the mother,

As round and round she flew.





Then as the hollow deepened,

There came a Leghorn hen:

\N'ho laid her eggs and hatched them,

T‘Vhere did the little wren.

I see a splendid mansion

Where once the cabin stood;

I see rich grain fields waving,

“'here once I saw but wood.





“'here, on that road so stumpy,

The apple core was shied,



The trolley car is speeding

And automobiles glide.



The grave now holds the farmer;

My savior by his side.



M'y blossoms decked her coffin;

She asked it, ere“ she died.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





The Washington Center Farmers’ Club

met at Rose Cottage, with Mr. and Mrs.

J. '1‘. Hull on July 13 at 1:30 p. m. Mrs.

lda Cammet was chosen to take the

president’s chair. The meeting was

called to order with music by the grapho-

phone, “The Battle Cry of Freedom.”

Mrs. Ida Cammet read some poetry on

the present and past Presidents of the

Tfnitcd States. She said that 19 of the 26

Presidents were lawyers when elected,

two were farmers and two were soldiers,

two were statesmen and one was in pub-

lic office, nine haVe borne the same given

names as their fathers. Roll call “Name

a President of the United States” was

well responded to. Music was again giv-

on by the graphophone, which was fine

A select reading, “History of the Con;

federate Flag," by Mrs. Frank Cammet

was very good and many interesting

thoughts were brought out on the war

and the flags. Mrs. Frank Brown read

The Story of the Star Spangled Bani

ner. .This was an excellent reading

Master Wendell Blair recited a very good

reeltation and Floanna Brown spoke “The

Plagued Telephone.” Mrs. Frank Brown

recited “The Rent in the Clouds." There

were 22 present and all enjoyed them-

selves very much. The party was treat-

ed to some very delicious ice cream and

cake. The Club will meet with Mrs. and

Mrs. Frank Brattin. near Shepherd, on

Thursday, August 10, 1911. at 9:00 a. m.

—Mrs. Cora Keiser, Cor. Sec.
DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKET.





July 26, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.



Wheat.——\Vhile movements of wheat

have been heavy during the past week,

the market remains in a fairly healthy

condition owing to several influencing

factors. In the first place, prices are now

on an export basis, 200,000 bushels hav-

ing been worked into export channels on

Monday alone in Chicago. Then there

is considerable news of crop damage com-

ing in, which has a ten. ncy to steady

‘the market even under l.. receipts of

winter wheat. Large areas in all the

spring wheat states are reported to be

affected with black rust, and with sev-

eral weeks intervening before the crop

will be harvested, it is figured that there

is likely to be a further shrinkage in an

already reduced crop promise since the

issuing of the July reports. In addition

to this the lateness of the Canadian crop

and the cold weather generally prevail-

ing are bullish factors in the market.

Foreign markets remain firm under a re-

ported loss in the Russian crop of ap-

proximately 120,000,000 bushels, and with

prices here on an export basis and every

prospect that Europe may be in n'eed of

large quantities of American wheat there

is promise of a steady market, even with

a rapidly increasing visible supply of the

grain. Receipts at southwestern points

have dropped off and are now smaller

than at the same time last year. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat closed in this





market at $1.06. Quotations for the

week are:

Red. \Vhite. Sept. Dec.

No. 2 No. 1

Thursday ...... 851/3 .83 .8764 .913;

Friday ........ 8504 .828»; .879; 91%

Saturday ...... 85%., .8314 .8764 .92

Monday ....... 851,9, .8234 .8714 91%

Tuesday ....... 84154 .8214 .8711, .91

\Vednesday . . . .8514 .82 3i .871}; 911,5

Germ—General crop advices appear





more favorable, and this market has

suffered a slight decline during the week.

Country shipments have also increased

considerably in volume. More or less

general rains throughout the country

have caused an improvement in crop con-

ditions, although the usual local crop

losses from hail storms and heavy winds

have been reported. No. 2 corn sold in





this market at 660 one year ago. Quota-

tions for the week follow:

NO. 3 No. 3

. Corn. Yellow.

Thursday ................ 67% 681/41

Friday ................... 671/12 681/;

Saturday ................ 671/; 681/;

Monday .................. 671,1; 681/4

Tuesday ................. 67 68

\Vednesday .............. 661/4 67143

Oats.—‘This market declined Sharply

under hedging sales against the newly





harvested crop, and favorable weather

conditions for threshing. One year ago

standard oats sold in this market at 460.

Quotations for the week are:



Standard No.3





\Vhite.

Thursday ................ 461,4; 451/2

Friday ................... 46 45

Saturday ................. 45 44

Monday .................. 43 42%..

Tuesday ................. 40 391/;

\\'ednesday .............. 40 39%





Beans—No change has been made in

the quotations, which are nominal with

little actual trading in the product, little

of last years product remaining in grow—

ers’ hands. Quotations for the week are:





Cash. Oct.

Thursday $220 $2.05

Friday ..................... 2.20 2.05

Saturday .................. 2.20 2.05

Monday ................... 2.20 2.05

Tuesday ................... 2.20 2.05

\\'ednesday ................ 2.20 2.05





Clover Seed.——This market remains in-

active at last week’s quotations. Crop

prospects and the demand for mid-sum-

mcr seeding may soon be expected to fig-

ure in price making. Quotations for the





week are:



Prime. Oct. Alsike.

Thursday ......... $9.75 $9.50 $9.00

Friday ........... 9.75 9.50 9.00

Saturday . . . . . . . . . 9.75 9.50 9.00

Monday .......... 9.75 9.50 9.00

Tuesday ......... 9.75 9.50 9.00

\\'ednesday ....... 10.00 9.75 9.00





Rye.—No. 1 is quoted at 770 per bu.,

which was last week’s quotation.

Visible Supply of Grain.



This week. Last week





\that ............ 34,394,000 29,153,000

(‘orn .............. 8,517,000 10,581,000

Oats ............... 10,901,000 12,061,000

ltyc ................ 13,000 17,000

Barley ............. 902,000 767,000





Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.

Noun—Market is slow with prices





lower. Quotations are:



Clear ............................ .‘. . .3400



Straight ............................ 4.25



Patent Michigan .................... 4.75



Ordinary Patent .................... 4.60

Feed.-—Bran, middlings and corn meal





are lower. Carlot prices on track are:

Bran, $25 per ton; coarse middlings, $26;

fine middlings, $27: cracked corn, $29;

coarse corn meal, $28; corn and oat chop,

$28 per ton.



Hay and Straw.——Hay steady at last

week’s advance. All kinds of straw

quoted lower. Quotations on baled hay

in car lots f. o. b. Detroit are: No.

timothy, $216023: No. 2 timothy, $196020;

clover, mixed, $196020; rye straw, $7.50;

wheat and oat straw, $7 per ton.



Potatoes.—Old stock out of the mar-

ket. New gradually becoming more plen-

tiful and prices are slowly receding from

the very high range which has ruled for

some weeks. Now quoted at $1.60@1.75





per bu.

Provisions.—Family pork, $17@17.50;





 





-THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





’mess pork, $16.60; medium clear, $16@17;





smoked hams, 14@16c; briskets, 10%@

111,20; shoulders, 10%0; picnic hams,

91,40; bacon, 14@160; pure lard in tierces,

8%0; kettle rendered lard, 9540 per lb.

Dairy and Poultry Products.



Butter.—Creameries moved up a cent

on Tuesday, thus keeping pace with El-

gin and other outside markets. Market

very firm. Qoutations: Extra cream-

ery, 250; firsts, do., 240; dairy, 180; pack-

ing stock, 170 per 1



Eggs.--—Little change in the situation

although cooler weather prevails and the

quality of receipts should improve. Fresh

eggs, case count, cases included, are

quoted at 141,40 per dozen.



Poultry.——Receipts show a good in-

crease and prices, noticeably on chick-





ens, are lower. Quotations are: Live

—Hens, 1360131/20; old roosters, 8@100:





turkeys, 1460150; geese, 8@9c; ducks, 12

(@130: broilers. 1760180 per lb.





Cheese—Michigan, old, 17c; Michigan,

late, 1360140; York state, new, 13%

612140; Swiss domestic block, 16@180;





cream brick, 1360140.



Veal.—Market steady at last week’s

advance. Fancy, 101/2@110; choice, 86090

per lb.



Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage—Steady. Selling at

2.75 per bbl. for home-grown.



Pineapples.—-$3.506i)3.75 per case.



Currants—In light supply and selling

at $3603.50 per bu. for red.



Blackberries.—Lawtons quoted at $3.50

604 per bu.



Raspberies.—Scarce and higher. Offer-

ings light and of inferior quality, due to

dry weather. Red,’$4.50@5 per bu; black,

$1.75@2 per 16-qt. case.



Huckleberries.—In light supply

higher. Quoted at $375604 per bu.



Apples.——Although the trade is strong,

supplies are running in excess of the de-

mand and this, together with rather low

quality, has brought a material reduc-

tion in prices. New Michigan grown are

quoted at 75c60$1.25 per bu.





$2.50@





and





OTfiER MARKET—S.





Grand Rapids.



Early home-grown potatoes are still a

luxury, prices on Tuesday morning’s

market ranging from $2602.15 per _bu.

()ther vegetables sold as follows: , Rad-

ishes, 3c; onions, 86010c; leaf lettuce, 500;





 





head lettuce, 75c; cucumbers, 3060600;

celery. 107:150; tomatoes, $1; corn, 861)

12c: string beans, $2. Friut is selling this

week as follows: Plums, .2; huckleber-

ries. 815061160; apples, 2560350. Bean

shippers report a good market for this





season of the year, prices to farmers be-

int,r around $2 for white pea and. $27560

3 for red kidney. The Michigan crop of

beans gives excellent promise and with

an increased acreage of 20 per cent over

last year, the estimated total yield for

the state is seven million bushels. or a

record-breaking crop. Dressed hogs are

worth 811w. N0. 2 red wheat is quoted





at 77c: oats, 420. Eggs are half a cent



higher than last week, fresh stock bring-



ing til/go. .

Chicago.





Wheat—No. 2 red, 8560860; Sept. 87%0;

Pee, 911,40 per bu.



(‘orn.—N0. 2, 6360631/20; 62640;

Dec, 601/,0 per bu.



Hats—No. 2 white, 4060410; Sept. 37%0;

Dec, 4214c.



Barley. Malting grades,

bu: feeding, 6060700.



Butter.—~Market a trifle easier although

prices remain unchanged. Business only

moderately active. Quotations: Cream-

eries, 1960240; dairies, 18@22c per lb.



Eggs.-—Cooler weather has increased

consumption and likewise brought im-

provement in the quality of the receipts

and prices have advanced accordingly.

Quotations: Prime firsts, 16c; firsts, 150;

at mark, cases included, 560120 per doz.



Potatoes—Larger receipts and im-

proved prospects for the new crop in

many sections are gradually forcing prices

to a lower level. Good to choice new now

selling at $4604.25 per bbl.



Beans—Market very firm with choice

hand—picked pea beans showing another

good advance. Choice hand-picked pea

beans are quoted at $2.33602.38 per bu;

prime, $2.10-fi‘220; red kidneys, $3.506}?

3.85 per bu.



Hay and

at the recently





Sept,





800 60 $1 per





 





Straw.—Hay holding firm

established higher

range. Straw remains unchanged.

Quotations: Choice timothy, $256026;

No. l timothy, $22.506024; No. 2 do. and

No. 1 mixed, $20@21.50; No. 3 do. and

No. 2 mixed, 16.506018; rye straw, $860

8.50: oat straw, $650607; wheat straw,

$661. 6.50 per ton.

New York.



Button—Market remains firm at last

weeks advance. Creamery specials are

quoted at 26140; extras, 25fi251/20; firsts,

2214.61235/gc; seconds, 2160220; thirds, 19

60200.



Eggs.~)larket firm at

fully 20 since last week.





an advance of

Fresh gathered





 





 





extras, 2260250; firsts, 1860190: seconds,

15671.70: western gathered whites, 1960

220 per dozen.



Poultry. Dressed—Irregular. Turkeys

1.26il5c: fowls, 11@l51/20; western broil-

ers, 1760210.



Boston.





TVooL—Active transactions in wool both

east and west follow a fort-night of al-

most complete stagnation. An authorita-

tive minimum estimate places the

amount of domesticwool transferred be—

tween 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 pounds. This

large amount of business was quietly put

through by local merchants. Leading





worsted mills have been the prominent

buyers. Prices as a whole show no

change, although on certain grades of





wool many dealers are asking higher

prices and are getting them. The lead-

ing domestic quotations range as fol-

lows: VOhio and Pennsylvania fleeces—

Delaine washed, y29@300: XX, 27@2801





fine unmerchantable. 21@220; . half—blood

combing, 25@260; %-blood combing, 24%

@25yfic; 1,4-blood combing, ~23%@240; de-

laine unwashed, 243560250; flne unwashed,

2060210. Michigan, \Visconsin and New

York fleeces—Fine ' unwashed, 18@19c;

delaine unwashed, 23%@240; lé—blood un-

washed, offered at 250. Kentucky, Indi-

ana and Missouri—%-blood,~ offered at

24c; 1/1,-blood, 2360240.





Eigin.





Butter.——Market firm at 250 per lb.,

which is an advance of 10 over last

week’s quotation. Output for the week,

986,300 lbs., as compared with 1,023,400

lbs. for the previous week and 967,700

lbs. for the corersponding week of last

year.





 





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Buffalo.

July 24, 1911.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

c East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 120 cars; hogs, 65 double—decks:

sheep and lambs, 52 double—decks; calves

1,800 head.



\Vith 120 loads of cattle on our market

here today, and 25,000 reported in Chi-

cago, everything of good quality of all

grades sold strong 15@25c* higher than

last week. Market was active and main-

tained its buoyancy until the close. EV-

erything sold. At present there seems to

be a short supply of good cattle, es-

pecially cattle weighing from 1,350 to

1,500 lbs. \Ve would not be surprised to

see this class of cattle sell much higher

than present prices for the next 60 to 90

days. The stockers and feeders that are

coming are of inferior quality and we

anticipate better cattle and better prices

from now on.



“10 quote: Best 1,350 to 1,500-1b. steers

$6.606L6.00; good prime 1,200 to 1,350-lb.

steers, $6.2561ii6.50; best 1,100 t0\1,200-lb.

shipping steers, $5.65@6.-25;’medium butch-

er steers, 1,000 to 1,100 lbs., 5852560575;

light butcher steers, $4.75605.25; best fat

cows, $4.75@5.25; fair to good do., $53,756:)

4.35; common to medium do., $3683.50;

trimmers, $1.75@2.75; best fat heifers,

$575606; good do., $5@5.40; fair to good

do., 5342560485; stock heifers, $3.25@3.50;

best feeding steers, dehorned, $4604.25;

common do., $3603.25; best butcher and

export bulls, $450605; bologna bulls, $3.50

6M; stock bulls, $3603.25; best milkers

and springers, $55@60; common to good

do., $206030.



Good milkers and springers steady.

Common kind hard to sellat satisfactory

prices.



Hogs—“'ith fairly liberal receipts here

and western points reporting heavy re—

ceipts and lower: prices, .our market

opened slow with prices generally 1060150

lower than the close of last week.



The bulk of the selected, sorted yorkers

Sold from $7607.10, while the mixed and

medium weights went mostly to local

packers at $7607.05. Odd bunches of

mediums and heavies around $6.75@6.90.

Stag hogs all the way from 5565060690,

according to weight and quality. Pigs

and light yorkers sold around $670607,

according to weight and quality. ltough

sows generally $5.90 with a few extra

quality at $6. Stags sold from $4.756!)

5.25. Supply fairly cleaned up; closing

steady. ‘



The lamb market ruled a quarter lower

than a week ago. Yearlings and sheep

steady. Prospects steady.



\Ve quote: Best spring lambs, $760

7.25; wethers, $4.25604.60; cull sheep, $1.50

’03: bucks, $2.50@2.75; yearling lambs,

$5.506t5.75; handy ewes, $3.50@3.75;

common ewes, $3603.25; veals, choice to ex-





 





tra, $8.25@8.50; fair to good do., $760

7.2;; heavy calves, $3.50@4.50.

Chicago.

July 24, 1911.

Cattle Hogs Sheep

Received today ...;..26,000 42,000 26,000

Same day last year..29,613 34,094 25,561





Received last'week..51,606 129,112 105,572

Same week last year.66,066 87,664 113,164



General surprise was manifested this

morning when a sale was made of 20

head of fancy Iowa steers that tipped the

scales at 1,401 lbs. at $7.15, beating any

previous transaction of the summer by

a dime. The general market was active

at steady prices, with choice beevcs

quoted stronger to 100 higher, following

an advance of 1560250 in cattle last week.

Hogs opened this morning slow and a

nickel lower, but firmed up later and

sold actively at last Saturdays prices,

the range being $6.l5@6.85. Bears sold

at $250603 and stags at $6.80607.40, all

stags selling subject to 80 lbs. dockage

per head. Government throwouts

brought $250605, while pigs sold for $461)

“.55, strong-weights averaging around

130 to 135 lbs. going the highest, and lit-

tle grassy pigs averaging 30 to 45 lbs.

the lowest. Sheep, which declined gen-

erally 106/250 last week, were off about

a dime more, with a very poor demand.

Range shcep declined mostly 25612400 last

week, and were dull today, with a sale

of 1,000 Oregon range yearlings at $4.15.

Spring lambs advanced chiefly 1560250

last week, the best landing at $7.40 for

both natives and range flocks, and anoth-

er up-turn today carted fancy VVashing-

ton range lambs that averaged 75 lbs.

up to $7.60, there being 1,600 head in the

flock. Lambs sold all the way down to

$3, while ewes were salable at $125604;

wethers at $3.5061)4.65, bucks at $2602.75

and yearlings at $4605.15. Yearling breed-

ing ewes were salable at $4.10604.50: feed-

ing lambs at $5605.25; feeding yearlingg

at $3.6561)4.10; feeding wethers at 33.5060

3.75 and feeding ewes at 32.50603.



Cattle are marketed too irregularly to

admit of the best results to owners,

country shippers persisting in crowding

an extremely large share of the week's

supply into the Monday receipts, while

by Thursday the offerings dwindle down





‘....«' , -





JULY 29, 1911.

to extremely small, proportions. Of





course, this tends to make a. {poor mar-

ket at the beginning of the week and a.





much better outlet for sellers later, as,





was the case " last week, the Monday

decline of 100 being followed by sharp

upturns later in the ,week' ongood buy-

ing orders. The bulk of the week’s tran-

sactions in beef steers took place at

$5.50@6.60, with the commoner light-

weight grassy steers going at $4.75@5.50

and the choicest corn-fed beev‘es at $6.50

@7. Fat little yearling steers brought

$6606.80, and exporters purchased good

numbers of good steers at ‘$6@6.60.

Butchering stuff was active'and ‘decid-

edly higher, with a larger showing of

fancy heifers than usual. Cows and

heifers brought $3.30@6.75, while canners

sold at $1.75@2.70, cutters at $2.75@3.35

and bulls at $2.75@5.25. The stocker and

feeder. trade has developed considerably

more animation ‘Since the recent good

rains in various sections, and higher

prices are paid for the choicer offerings.





The rains checked the wild rush of these '





cattle to market from southwestern sec—

tions and at the same time created a

demand for them. Stockers have been

selling at $3604.65 and feeders at $41060

5.50, but very few lots were good enough

to sell above $5. The greater part of the

thin southwestern cattle have been mar-

keted at Kansas City and other Missouri

river markets, the principal share going

to Kansas City. Calves have been sell-

ing at $3606.50 per 100 lbs. for cemmon

to medium and at $6.75@8.25 for the bet-

ter class, the advance being due to a

larger demand for choice light-w’eight

vealers. Milkers and springers are in

large .demand at $306065 per head, prices

showing an upward tendency for desir-

able cows. _



Hogs that are well finished and of

medium weights are sure to sell well

these times, the market showing a. firm

undertone, with the long predicted $7

hogs putting in an appearance a few

days ago. There is a very good showing

of choice hogs, yet the percentage of

thin, grassy hogs has-been increasing,

as is usual at’ this season of the year,

and this has tended to create a widening

out in prices between the poorest-and

the best lots., The popular weights are

from 190 to 240 lbs., with pigs selling at

a big discount, particularly those of

light weights, while stags go at 'a'liberal

premium over the prices paid for the

best barrows. Little pigs have been

crowding the St. Louis and Kansas City

markets, and pig pork has accumulated

in packers hands. The provision trade

is still active, and so is the fresh pork

trade, and good hogs are all wanted. It

seems a great pity that so many farmers

have been compelled by dried-up pas-

tures and lack of feed to sacrifice their

young hogs prematurely, and the recent

rains are tending to stop this movement.



Sheep and lambs have been selling well

or otherwise according to quality. and





weight; with far the largest demand for;





choice spring lambs not too.heavy;.v Kill-

ers pay willingly a liberal premium for

choice spring lambs, either natiVes or

rangers, over.the price paid for yearlings

of the same- grade, and the prices paid

for wethers and ewes are extremely low

compared with those for the best lambs.

The truth is, the public clamors for lamb

meat and is willing to pay well to get

it. Heavy lambs, yearlings and sheep

continue to be discriminated against and

go at low figures, and the large offerings

of thin stock that crowd the market have

to sell at absurdly low figures, making

net losses to their feeders in most cases.

The ranges are now shipping yearlings

and range lambs in fast increasing vol-

ume, and these include a great many

feeders, which are bought up at low

prices, while breeding yearling ewes are

in good demand. ~



Horses were marketed last week in

larger numbers than during the preced-

ing week, while there was the usual

large increase in offerings over those of

a year ago. The numerous inferior ani—

mals that showed up sold as badly as

ever, and sales at $75@125 per head were

rather frequent. Drivers sold at $15060

225, with a fair sale part of the time, but

the principal demand was for workers

weighing 1,500 to 1,600 lbs., and these

sold $156125 per head higher than three

weeks ago. Fair to good work horses

go at 3115060200 and good drafters at $210

(1250, a fancy kind being scarce and

saleable at 3327560320. Farmers are mak-

ing a mistake when they sell off their

thin horses, and it would pay well to

finish them off properly. ' F.





 





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.

Cattle feeders have been marketing

their matured cattle, taking the ground

that they can hardly make Sufficient





,weight to pay for their feed from now





on, with fly time approaching, when cat-

tle are likely to lose instead of putting on

flesh. '



Prime Holstein .cows are selling at the

Chicago stock yards for $60 per head or

even higher, and good ones are going at

$50 and over, with not many prime cows

offered. Inferior cows are selling as‘l'ow

as $30.



There has been a. rally in prices for

horses due to the unusual numbers that

died during the recent, torrid spell of

weather, necessitating large ‘ purchases

to take their places. Farmers have been

holding back a great many horses dur-

ing the small grain harvest.



South Dakota farmers who are suffer—

ing from the drouth are in numerous in-

stances compelled to part with‘their cat-

tle prematurely, and one farmer is offer-

ing for sale about 400 head of good feed-

ing cattle that are from two and a half

vars old to five years .old, mostly of

S orthorn and Hereford breedingfi with

some black cattle. Farmers ,in'that‘state

have to a great extent take‘n”'up cattle

breeding and fattening, an great disap-

gnintment is expressed b cause of ‘the



ackset this year. -
JULY 29. 1911

THIS Is THE LAST Eon-um.





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports of last week:

all other markets are right in to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stoc

are given the last edition. The

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed 'to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for» Thursday 3

Detroit Live stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping as a card to that effect.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

July 27, 1911.

Cattle.





Receipts, 1,227. Market active at last

week’s prices on all grades.



We quote: Best dry-fed steers and

heifers, $5.50@6.25; steers and heifers,

1,000 to 1,200, $5605.25; steers and heifers

800 to 1.000, $4.25@5; grass steers and

heifers that are fat, 800 to 1,000, $4.25@5;

grass steers and heifers that are fat, 500





to 700, $3.25@4.25; choice fat cows, $4@

4.25; good fat cows, $3.50@3.75; common

cows, $3@3.25; canners, $1@2.50; choice





heavy bulls, $3.75@4; fair to good bolog-





nas, bulls, $3.25Ca:3.50; stock bulls, $3@

3.25; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1,000,

$4.50@4.75; fair do, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@





4.25; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $4654.50;

fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50@3.75; stock





heifers, $3@3.50; milkers, large, young,

medium age, $40@50; common milkers,

2561735.





Spicer & R. sold Breitenbeck 32 butch-

ers av 690 at $4.65; to Parker, W. & C0.

30 do av 763 at'$4.50; to Heinrich 29 do

av 892 at $5.25, to Mich: B. Co. 32 do av

800 at $4.75, 1 bull weighing 1,200 at $4,

4 do av 732 at $3.75, 1 cow weighing 1,030

at $3.50, 18 butchers av 790 at $4.40, 21

do av 617 at $4, 12 do av 600 at $4, 4 do

av 650 at $4.15, 5 bulls av 586 at $4.40; to

lattkowsky 1 cow weighing 1,100 at

$1.35, 3 heifers av 607 at $3.35.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 9

butchers av 533 at $3.25; to Mich. B. Co.

2 bulls av 575 at $3.50; to Applebaum 4

butchers av 800 at $4, 1 cow weighing

1,150 at $3.50.



Haley &. M. sold Jettka & Son 4 steers

av 905 at $4.90; to Lachalt 10 butchers av

788 at $4.70, 1 cow weighing 1,020 at $4.35;

to Rattkowsky 2 steers av 825 at $4. 2

heifers av 760 at $3.75, 1 cow weighing

1,060 at $3.75, 1 heifer weighing 720 at

$4.75, 4 steers av 1,350 at $6, 1 do weigh-

ing 1,500 at $6.25; to Mich. B. Co. 1 cow

weighing 950 at $3, 3 heifers av 773 at

$4.25,-] bull weighing 1,040 at $4; to Ap-

plebaum 3 butchers av 600 at $3.85, 1 bull

weighing 440 at $3; to Regan 17 butchers

av 540 at $3.85.



Bishop; B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 5

cows av 940 at $4, 2 steers av 865 at $5,

25 do avi'1.006 at $5.50, 14 do av 907 at

$5.10: tor-Goose 2 cows av 905 at $3.25, 5

heifers aV‘m ’at $3.65, 2 oxen av 1,535 at

$3.50, 1' ibull weighing 800 at $3.30, 1 cow

weighing 820 at $2.50; 'to Regan 6 butch-

ers av 716 at $3.90; to Parker, XV. & Co.

2 cows av 865 at $2.50, 9 do av 961 at

$3.25, 1 bull weighing 1,040 at $3.75, 5

cannon: av 910 at $2.50; to Kamman B.

Co. 10 butchers av 790 at $4.25; to Regan

4 do :w 580 at $3.65, 8 do av 752 at $3.90;

to Sclxuer 3 cows av 813 at $2.50, 2 do

av 887 at $3; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls

av 1,2f'5 at $4, 1 do weighing 1,070 at

$3.75; M) Cooke 9 steers av 980 at $5.70:

to Cor-sins 18 feeders av 730 at $4.35; to

Kamnmn B. Co. 7 steers av 1,000 at

$5.50, ' cows av 825 at $3.75, 5 steers av

816 at 4:3; to Goose 3 cows av 950 at $3.75;

to Parker, 11". & Co. 6 steers av 1,013 at

$5.50, N butchers av 812 at $4, 2 cows av

1,025 1'. $3.50. 1 bull weighing 1,100 at

$3.50: in Sullivan P. Co. 3 heifers av 850

at $5.23. 1 bull weighing 680 at $3, 2 cows

av 8% 1t $3, 5 butchers av 752 at $3.85,

1 bull weighing 1,180 at $4, 1 cow weigh—

ing 1,380 at $5; to Rattkowsky 3 cows av

1,137 at $3.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av

865 at $3.50, 5 heifers av 780 at $4.50, 7

butchers av 601 at $3.50; to Schuér 4

cows at 955 at $3, 1 do weighing 850 at

$1; to l’arker, \‘i'. & Co. 2 bulls av 1,225

at $3.73



Georgia & S. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3

cows av 1,220 at $4.50, 2 do av 910 at

$2.50, :3 do av 1,056 at $3.25, 7 steers av

871 at $4.85, 8 do av 746 at $4.



Mci.m:hlin sold Kamman 2 cows av 950

at $3.75, 2 do av 1,075 at $3.50.





Sarx:-- sold Erban Bros. 2 bulls av 550

at $3.53, 1 do weighing 880 at $4.

.Veal Calves.

Remsmts, 862. Market dull and 50c

lower than the close last week. Best,

$7504.“? 75; others, $3.50@7; milch cows





and szrv'ingers steady.



Spiwr & R. sold Newton B. Co. 14 av

150 at $7.50, 6 av 225 at $4, 5 av 200 at

$4; to Applebaum 4 av 125 at $5, 8 av

150 at $7.25; to Goose 2 av 230 at $4, 8

av 140 at $6.10; to Mich. B. Co. 2 av 155

at $7.50; to Thompson Bros. 1 weighing

250 at $3.50, 7 av 155 at $7.50, 9 av 145

at $6.25; to Rattkowsky 6 av 155 at $6.25,

3 av 150 at $7.50.



Haley &. M. sold Newton E. Co. 1

weighing 160 at $5, 6 av 160 at $7.50; to

.Tettka & Son 5 av 130 at $7; to Ratt-

kowsky 13 av 125 at $4.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 2

av 140 at $8: to Mich. R. Co. 1 weighing

5'00 at $6, 10 av 158 at $7.50; to Rattkow—

skv 7 av 180 at $4: to Goose 7 av 145 at

$7.25; to McGuire 1 weighing 110 at $5,

19 av 1.55 at $7.50, 9 av 150 at $7.50; to

Sullivan P. Go. 2 av 100 at $5, 5 av 165

at $7, 22 av 160 at $6.50, 14 av 155 at



.5 .

$7Stflepbens sold Newton B. Co. 2 av 100

at $5, 8 av 135 at $7.



McLaughlin sold Bray 4 av 240 at $4,

6 av 155 at $7.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

2 av 140 at £8: to Goose 5 av 155 at $4.16;

to Mich. B. Co. 5 av 160 at $7.50; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 2 av 170 at $6. 14 av 160

at sg_ 6 av 155 at $7.50. 4 av 150 at $6, 12

av 150 at $7.50: to Parker, W. & Co. 27





markets 37





     





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





av 160 at $7.60, 5 av 135 at $7.75,_11 av

150 at $7.75. 7 av 150 at $7.50, 1 wei hing

120 at $7.50, 4 av 150 at $7.75; to case

10 av 160 at $4.50, 5 av 200 at $4.50.

Kendall sold Mich. B. Co. 4 av 150 at





.60.



Duelle sold same 13 av 155 at $7.50.

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 2,427. Market dull and 50@



75c lower than last week's close. Sheep



25c lower; common grades very dull.



Best lambs, $6@6.25; fair to good do.,





$5.25@5.75; light. to common do., $3.50@

4.50; yearlings, $4@4.50; fair to good

sheep, $3.25@3.75; culls and common, 52





@250; few extra good lambs at $6.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co. 15

lambs av 72 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 37

sheep av 110 at $3.75, 13 do av 90 at.

$3.35; to Bray 44 lambs av 72 at $6, 91 do

av 73 at $6.15, 76 do av 68 at $6.15; to

Sullivan P. Co. 8 yearlings av 91 at $4,

14 sheep av 95 at $3, 17 do av 85 at $3.25,

25 'lambs av 70 at $6.25; to Thompson

Bros. 40 do av 53 at $4.25; to Fitzpatrick

Bros. 25 sheep av 90 at $3.50, 6 do av 68

at $2, 12 do av 85 at $3.50, 11 lambs av

70 at $4, 75 do av 56 at $4.50, 24 do av

75 at $6.50; to Harland 27 do av 70 at

$6; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 23 sheep av 120

at $3.50, 8 do av 100 at $3.50, 36 yearlings

av 90 at $4.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 33

lambs av 70 at $6.25, 40 do av 70 at $6.25,

22 do av 67 at $6.



Spicer & R. "sold Newton B. Co. 19

lambs av 68 at $6.25; to Mich. B. Co. 21

do av 73 at $6.25, 33 do av 74 at $6.15; to

Barlage 9 do av 72 at $6; to Thompson

Bros. 20 sheep av 100 at $3.65, 4' do av

93 at $2.50; to Harland 19 lambs av 57

at $5.50; to Kamman, B. Co. 20 do av 52

at $5.50, 19 mixed av 60 at $3.75.



Stephens sold Newton B. Co. 17 sheep

av 90 at $3, 60 lambs av '68 at $6.35.



McLaughlin sold Bray 10 sheep av 126

at $3, 9 lambs av 75 at $6.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 4 sheep

av 135 at $3, 10 lambs av 59 at $5, 72 do

av 75 at $6.50, 10 do av 66 at $5; to

Breitenbeck 88 do av 65 at $6.10; to Fitz-

patrick Bros. 31 do av 68 at $6.25, 10 do

av 74 at $6.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. Co. 4 sheep

av 105 at $3.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 14 do

av 120 at $2.75: to Newton B. Co. 42

lambs av 68 at $5.40, 64 do av 65 at, $5.40;

to Sullivan P. Co. 12 do av 75 at $6.50, 3

sheep av 150 at $3.25; to Mich. B. Co.

49 lambs av 70 at $6.



Taggart sold Hammond. S. & Co. 10

sheep av 110 at $3.50, 50 lambs av 67 at

$6.50.



'VVeeks sold Barlage 12 lambs av 65 at

$5.50, 11 do av 77 at $4.50.



Hogs.



Receipts, 2,103. Market 15@20c higher

than last Thursday; steady to 10c higher

than \Vednesday. .



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7@7.10; pigs, $6.75@6.80; light york-

ers, $7@7.10; heavy, $7607.10.



Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

153 av 190 at $7.10.



Haley & M. sold same 140 av 180 at

$7.10, 50 av 160 at $7.05, 65 av 150 at $7.



.lishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

1,025 av 180 at $7.10, 213 av 160 at $7.05.





Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 225

av 190 at $7.10, 120 av 170 at $7.

Bishop, B. H. sold Port Huron





&

Creamery Co. 56 av 118 at $6.90.





 





Friday’s Market.

July 21, 1911.

Cattle.

Receipts this week, 944; last week, 891.

Market steady at Thursday's prices. We





quote: Best steers and heifers, $5.35@

5.75; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200;

$4.75@5.25; steers and heifers, 800 to





1,000, $4.25@5; grass steers and heifers

that are fat, 800 to 1,000, $4.25@5; grass

steers andheifers that are fat, 500 to

700, $4@4.50; choice fat cows, $4@4.25;

good fat cows, $3.50@3.75; common cows,

$3@3.25; canners, $1.75@2.75; choice heavy

bulls, $3.75; fair to good bologna bulls,

$3.25@3.65; stock bulls, $3@3.25; choice

feeding steers, 800 to 1,000, $4.50@4.75;

fair feeding steers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@

4.25; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $4@4.25;

fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50@3.75; stock





heifers, $3793.50; milkers, large, young,

medium age, $40@50; common milkers,

$25@35.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week. 1,339; last week,

902. Market dull and bulk of sales 50c

lower than Thursday's close; few choice,

$8; bulk of sales, $7.50 for good grades.

Milch cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.





Receipts this week. 2,968; last week,





1,091. Market dull at Thursday’s close;

run light. Best lambs, $6.50; fair to good

lambs, $6606.25: light to common lambs,





$4614.50: yearlings, $4.50@5; fair to good





sheep, 335070375; culls and common.

$2683.



Hogs.

Receipts this week, 2,818; last week,





2,587: market 50 lower than on Thursday.



Range of prices: Light to good butch—

ers, 3675617680: pigs, $6.50; light yorkers,

$6.75@6.80; heavy. $6.75.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





Farmers who carry on extensive farm-

ing operations are counted upon as

among the buyers of high-class horses

with plenty of strength. It requires three

strong horses to move along with the

binder day after day in succession in

front of a modern self-binder, cutting and

binding big crops of wheat, rye and oth-

er grains. The team power is a highly

important factor when crops are to be

on .





The appearance of thin. grassy hogs

in the markets of the middle west in

growing numbers tends to create a wid-

ening tendency in prices between these

and choice corn-fed swine. Killers are

ouick to draw the line against hogs that

make a poor showing on the hooks. and

grassy lots must be sold on their merits.





The big discount paid for such hogs

should eter owners who have sufficient





grass and corn from sending them to





market prematurely, but, unfortunately,

there are many farmers whose pastures

are destroyed by the drought and the

hot weather and who have no recourse

except to sacrifice their hogs for what-

ever they will bring. Recent weeks have

seen a widening out of somewhat over

50c per 100 lbs. between the commonest

and the best hogs, and as the grass-fed

offerings are sure to come forward in

still larger volume as the summer ad-

vances, the spread in prices is likely to

be tw1ce as great before very long.





_ The production of early spring lambs

is growing in Kentucky, it having been

an important source of profit for years,

and there is a strong demand in the Chi-

cago stock yards for choice breeding

ewes to ship to that state. This demand

from Kentucky, as well as from other

statesthis stimulated considerably by the

prevailing belief that the present com-

paratively low prices will not remain

very much longer and that it is best not

to wait too long. Kentucky and Tennes-

see sheepmen have found the industry

of producing early spring lambs pays

well, taking one year with another, these

being the first lambs to be marketed.





On a recent day a single car of hogs

that arrived at the Chicago stock yards

contained 46 dead ones. This is, for-

tunately, an exceptional case, although

the same day the platform was strewn

with dead hogs, the heat being simply

terrific. At such times shipping hogs is

a dangerous thing to do and should be

avoided. At all times during the sum-

mer season light loading and chunks of

ice in the cars are great helps.





The ruined pasturage in various parts

of the country has resulted in forcing

great numbers of thin sheep and lambs

on the market prematurely, and, strange

to say, many shipments of thin flocks

have been made by sheepmen living in

sections where grass and feed are abund—

ant, thereby cheating themselves of the

profits.





The ranges of “'yoming, Idaho and

Utah are reported in fine condition, rains

having been sufficient to produce a good

growth of grass, and flocks of sheep are

fattening rapidly. Average weights of

the sheep are reportd as much heavier

than usual at this season of the year, and

recently it was said that the holdings of

fiockmasters would average about ten

pounds per head heavier than usual, but

such gains are offset by the great falling

off in numbers. It is stated on good au-

thority that the “crop" now maturing

will show a loss of around 35 per cent as

compared with a year ago. Cattle in the

above named states look well, but herds

that formerly ran up in the thousands

have been cut down to hundreds, and

there is bound to be a greatly lowered

Euptply for dry-lot feeders in the corn



e .





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





Calhoun 00., July 18.—-Threshing is in

progress and wheat is not turning out

well, but is of good quality as a rule.

The price varies around 800, being 78c

at present. 'l‘hreshcrs have advanced

prices a cent per bushel this season.

Oats, where not pounded by the hall,

promise a bumper crop. Sunday a heavy

wind and rain caused many of them to

lodge, and in streaks a heavy hail storm

pounded the bulk of the crop from the

straw. Old oats are being sold around

45 cents. Corn had not looked better in

years up to Sundays storm. Some fields

are still standing, but many are badly

blown over and riddled by the bail. We

have three pieces the farthest less than

a half mile apart. One was literally

shredded by the hall while the opposite

one was not touched, but badly blown

over. The center field was also injured

by the ball, but not so badly. There are

many opinions as to how this hail injured

corn will turn out. Of course, it must be

badly injured, but I have considerable

faith in its making quite a crop. About

half of our orchards were struck by the

bail, which will cause considerable injury

to exposed apples on the windward side.

The only object I have discovered in

having orchards scattered over a diameter

of ten miles as ours are is that some of

them usually escape bad storms. Fruit

has been quite plentiful, but is in good

demand as the supply of canned fruit

was getting pretty well exhausted. Rasp-

berries have been selling for a shilling,

blackberries and huckleberries at ten

cents per quart. New seeding is small,

but I do not think much of it succumbed

to the drought entirely. There will be

little clover seed and the price is soar-

ing. Potatoes as a rule do not look well.

Early ones blighted considerably and late

ones have been caught by the dry weath-

er but may recuperate after the rain.

Farmers in the hail region are rather dis-

couraged. \Vheat and hay was light and

the oats and corn is badly injured.



Livingston 00., July 17.—The long

drought has at last been relieved by

showers which have been general over

the county, but not until new seeding

had been practically ruined, pastures

dried up and all growing crops had suf-

fered materially. Corn is the only thing

that seems to have held its own, being

the largest to the recollection of the writ-

er, for this time of the year. The hot,

dry weather was very seasonable for

the securing of the hay crop, which was

secured in excellent condition though it

was the lightest crop in years. Wheat

and rye were also secured in fine condi-

tion and wheat promises to be a heavy

Beans and late potatoes are look-





crop.

ing fair, considering the extremely dry

weather. Fruit promises well, though





dropping guite badly. Buying and har-



vest help very scarce, with prices to suit



the laborer. '

Lapeer Co., July 17.——The drouth, which





(15) 87

was becoming serious, was broken by fine

local showers Saturday night and Sun-

day. Some hay and considerable wheat

were caught out, but as the weather is

fair and cooler today, with a brisk breeze

not much damage will be done. Wheat

threshing has, begun and yield reported

good. Barley is ready to cut and oats

are turning. Corn and beans are looking

fine. Most potato fields are good but

some late planted ones are coming up

unevenly on account of dry weather.

Pastures had become quite dry and milk

yield had fallen off.





ITINERARY OF THE “SOIL AND

WHEAT SPECIAL.”





 





_ As noted in the last issue, the Mich-

igan Agricultural College, in co—operation

with the State Millers’ Association, will

run a special institute tran over several

lines of railroad in southern Michigan

during the first two weeks in August.

The character of the lectures and demon—

strations was described in the notice

above referred to. Briefly reiterated, the

subject of wheat culture in all its phases

will be taken up, while demonstrations of

bread made from different grades of

wheat will interest the ladies, who are

invited to attend the meetings which will

be held in the coaches of the train. The

itinerary of the train will be as follows:

Tuesday, August 1.



Dimondale. 8:00 a. m.; Eaton Rapids,

9.40 a. m.; Springport, 11:00 a. m.; Hom-

er, 1:20 m.; Litchfield, 2:40 p. m.;

Jonesville, 4:00 p. m.



Wednesday, August 2.



North Adams, 8:00 a. m.; Somerset

Center, 9:30 a. m.; Brooklyn, 11:00 a. m.;

Manchester, 1:15 p. m.; Clinton, 2:30 p.

m.; Tecumseh, 4:00 p. m.



Thursday, August 3.



Adrian, 8:00 a. m.; Hudson, 9:30 a. m.;

Pittsford, 11:00 a. m.; Hilsdaie, 1:00 p.

m.; Quincy, 2:40 p. m.; Coldawter, 4:00

p. m.



Friday, August 4.

Bronson, 8:00 a. m.; Burr Oak, 9:30 a.





m.; Sturgis, 11:00 a. m.; White Pigeon,

1:00 p. m.; Constantine, 2:05 p. m.;

Moorepark, 3:30 p. m.; chhoolcraft, 4:45





p. m.

Saturday, August 5.

Plainwell, 8:00 a. m.; Otsego, 9:30 a. m.;





Allegan, 11:00 a. m.; Hopkins, 1:00 p.

m.; Dorr, 2:30 p. m.; Byron Center, 4:00

p. m.





Monday, August 7.





Caledonia, 8:00 a. m.; Middlevillc, 9:3

3. m.; Hastings, 11:00 a. m.: Nashville,

1:00 . m.; Vermontville, 2:10 p. m.;

Charlotte, 3:30 p. m.; Onondaga, 5:00

p. m.





Tuesday, August 8. ,



Concord, 8:00 a. m.; 'l‘ckonsha. 9:30 a.



m.; Union City, 11:00 a. m.; Colon, 1:00



p. m.; Centreviilc, 2:45 p. m.; Three Riv-



ers, 4:15 p. m.



Wednesday, August 9.



Jones. 8:00 a. m.; Vandalia, 9:30



Cassopolis, 11:00 a. m.; Niles, 1:00



Buchanan, 2:30 p. m.; Galien, 4:00

Thursday, August 10.



Pokagon, 8:00 a. m.; l'mwagiac, 9:30 a.





a. m.

D- 111-;

D- m.





m.; Decatur, 11:00 a. m.; Lawton, 1:00

p. m.; Mattawan, 2:30 p. m.; Kalamazoo

4:00 p. m. ’





Friday, August 11.

Galesburg, 8:00 a. m.; Augusta, 9:30 a.

m.; Battle Creek, 11:00 a. m.; Marshall,

1:10 p. m.; Albion, 2:30 p. m.; Parma

4:00 p. m. ’

Saturday. August 12.

Addison Junction, 8:00 a. m.; Clark's

Illsake, 39:33 a. m.; Jackson, 11:00 a. m.;

ives, : p. m.; Leslie, 1:30 . .' i -

son. 4:00 p. m. p m ’ Ma





 





 





 





A GREAT LAND AND APPLE SHOW

FOR MICHIGAN.





 





Preliminary arrangements have been

completed for the holding of a great land

and apple show in the Coliseum at Grand

Rapids during the second week in No-

vember. The oflicers in charge of the

show will be: President, Edmund W.

Booth, Grand Rapids; vice-presidents, D.

H. Day, Glen Haven, R. F. Church, Chi-

cago, and C. L. Lockwood, Grand Rapids;

general manager, Jos. R. Taylor, Grand

Rapids; secretary, John I. Gibson, Trav-

erse City; treasurer, Elmer Siemens

Grand Rapids; auditor, Hugh G. Gray:

Grand Rapids; publicity manager, Arthur

W. Stace, Grand Rapids. it is proposed

by the promoters to make this the finest

exhibition of Michigan apples ever gath-

ered together, and to this end the VVest-

ern Michigan Development Bureau has

decided not to exhibit at the Chicago

land show this year but to combine its

energies with the promoters of the Grand

Rapids Show and make this first Michi-

gan ‘Land and Apple Show a fruit ex-

position to eclipse in extent and import-

ance all previous achievements in this

direction. \Vhen it is considered that the

Michlgan display was without question

the most striking feature of the Chicago

show last year, it may be expected that

the exhibit which will be put up at

Grand Rapids will advertise the state of

Michigan far and wide as producing the

finest fruit grown on the American con-

tinent. Besides the display of apples and

other fru1ts there will be picking demon-

strations, lectures on scientific methods

of fruit growing and exhibits by manu-

facturers and others, which will add not

a little to the educational value of the

show. It is expected that the other

Michigan development bureaus and fruit

growers’ organizations will co-operate in

making the show representative of the

fruit interests of the entire state. Among

these organizations the Northeastern

Michigan Development Bureau, the Upper

Peninsula Development Bureau and me

Original Fruit Belt Association of South-

western Michigan are expected to make

collective exhibits from these several sec-

tions of the state. which will insure a

show fully representative of Michigan’s

possibilities in fruit production, with

which those of no other state or section

of the country are ,compara‘ , bio. |. , . ..
THE MICHIGAN FAR-Mela.





 





 





1%





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE SORT OF KNOWLEDGE} THAT COUNTS.





“Yes,

weeks





I’m real glad I spent that two

in the city with Cousin Maud,"

said Mrs. Martin as she deftly patted

and kneaded her bread. “And I don't

mind telling you why, Miss Devereaux,

for I know you will understand and you

won’t tell.” Miss Devereaux, the teach-

er who had coaxed Mrs. Martin to take

her in for the spring term, smiled sym-





pathetically. Mrs. Martin was always

entertaining.

“You see, I went there feeling decid-





edly awkward and not a bit sure of my-

self. I never spent two days in town be-

fore and am not much of a dresser and

don’t know the French names for plain

eatables. Then, Hand is a great club-

woman, and I always felt that club wom-

en must be a highly educated class. l've

lead some of the notices about their do—

ings in the daily papers, and I believed

that women who could talk about “The

Effect of the Renaissance on Italian

Art,” Maeterlin‘ck's “Blue Iiird," “Cosmic

Consciousness” and Ilacon’s “Key,”

would be sotfar above me mentally that

I would not dare to speak for fear of dis-

gracing Maud. But, lands. It was just

like it always is when you worry before-





hand. If you don’t worry then you don’t

worry at all, for you find when you get

there, there wasn‘t anything to worry

over.





“Maud was going to entertain her club

the day after I got there and I was just

sick. Seemed to me she might have giv—

en me a chance to get my sea legs, as it

were, but there was no escape. ‘\Vhat

are you fussing about?" Maud said, when

I hinted just a little as to my inward





agitation. ‘Didn’t you use to teach

school in the country? I’ll bet when it

gets down to real knowledge you know





than any of these

Dames of the Modern I‘plift. \Vhy, there

couldn’t one of them pass an eighth

grade examination. say nothing about

getting a teacher's certificate.’ I thought

she was trying to comfort me, and I

didn't say any more, but I hadn’t the

least idea she was speaking truth.



“V.'ell, when the first two or three ar—

rived in a bunch, Maud bustled around

introducing me and trying to keep the

fact of my embarrassment from becom—

ing too evident. ‘Mrs. Martin is from

Midland county,’ she explained, ‘and she

is anxious to see a city club at work.’



“ ‘Midland county,’ said one woman,

looking at me through a glass on the- end

of a gold stick, ‘L‘m—m, I don’t believe I

have my state map in mind. That is in

the northern peninsula, isn’t it?‘



“ ‘Why, no,’ said another quickly, ‘That:

is in the southern part of the state. St.

.Ioe is in Midland county, you know.’

Maud gave me a look, and some more

ladies came in just then so we let IVIid-

land county find its own location.



“ ‘Oh, how do you do interest?’ bubbled

one of the new arrivals. ‘My husband

wants me to help him figure up the in—

terest on some mortgages tonight, and

I wouldn’t have him know for worlds that

I don’t know how. Ile says a woman

who can write such profound papers as

I do, or at least papers with such pro-

found names, ought to be able to work

interest in her head.’



“ ‘I tried to make some baking powder

biscuits last night,’ volunteered a fourth

woman, ‘and Jar-k says he is going to use

them for golf balls. I made them just

as the book says, and I don’t see what

was wrong. The oven wasn’t hot when

I had them miXed and I left them stand

a half an hour, but i don’t believe that

would do any harm, do you?’



“By this time I was beginning to perk

up. quite a bit. I didn't know the differ-

ence between Maeterlinck’s “Blue Bird”

and a common meadow blue bird, but I

did know a bit about my own state, how

to reckon interest and I had a fairly good

knowledge of the chemical action of bak-

ing powder.



“But it took a dinner down town with





more in a. minute





 





   





 





 





0-—





 





Woman and Her Needy





 





 





 





 





% n,





 





some of the real lights of the city to put

me right in my own estimation. It was

a real swell dinner, and I had that sick

feeling all day long preceding it. Sup-

pose they should serve something I didn't

know how to eat, or I‘d take the wrong

fork? \Vhat would those folks think of

an' ignorant woman like me, for, of

course, people who dined out so much,

must know everything.



““‘ell, we had white fish for one thing.

It was cut in pieces just large enough

for a serving, dipped in crumbs and egg

and fried beautifully. It was delicious,

and I was just going to speak about it

to my neighbor, when she said to the

man the other side of her in a low voice,

‘Say, what is this we are eating? You

don’t suppose it is frog legs, do you?’



“I kept still, but I breathed consider—

ably easier. Further along in the menu

came squabs with rashers of bacon, and

I heard the girl across the table say, ‘Do

you know, I never can tell ham from ba-





con? This is ham, isn’t it?’ But when

the French endive was served, that re-

vived me completely. Of the whole 12 at

the table, only two or three knew what

they were getting.





“After that dinner, I enjoyed my visit

immensely. It showed me that I wasn’t

such a complete ignoramus, and that,

compared with the rest of the world I

would average up pretty favorably. Some

might know a few things I didn’t know,

but then. I knew a few things they didn’t

know. And, although I may be preju-

diced, I believe I would rather have my

knowledge to work with than the knowl-

edge of those city club women. I don’t

know about the latest plays and the new-

est books and styles, but I do know where

the important towns of my state are lo—

cated, I have enough arithmetic to carry

on business, and when it comes to cook-

ing a good meal I don’t take a back seat

for anybody. And so long as I am just

an ordinary working woman, with no

great place to fill in the world, I think

my knowledge is best for me.”



DEBORAH.





 





 





FRENCH KNOTS IN EMBROIDERY—N0. 5





By Mae Y. Mahaffy.





 





.\ll too many embroiderers limit the

use of French knots to finishing the cen-

ters or hearts of flowers. To be sure,

these knots furnish a most acceptable,

life-like finish to most flowers, when

clustered closely, but irregularly in the

space where the petals unite, but the

practical use of the knots does not end

in that function by any means. In old





colonial days, tufting, made of candle

wicking, and knots of floss vied with

each other for favoritism, numerous de-





signs being carried out in these rough





 





Figure 1.

outlines. Sets for the bedrooms were

frequently embroidered in sprays in





which several varieties of flowers were

combined, blue and white or blue and

yellow being favored colors. The outlines

of these designs were as often as not

carried out entirely in French knots, and

Very attractive is such embroidery, in-

deed.



In later years we are beginning to again

make extensive use of French knots,

utilizing them in rows with brier stitch—

ing and the like for simple decorative ef-

fects, or arranging them after cross





stitch patterns for band trimmings, belts,

and numerous other





card cases, bags,





pierce the canvas threads, as these must

be clipped and withdrawn after the work

is complete.



A desirable pattern for French knots

and stem stitch is shown in figure 2. The

wild carrot designs are especially good

for knot work, since the beauty of the

flower is best brought out by some such

needlework. This pattern may be utilized

on towels, pillow cases, etc., to splendid

advantage, space appearing for any de-

sired initial.



In making the ordinary French knot

the needle is brought up to the right side

of the fabric after the thread has been

fastened beneath; it is then coiled or

twisted around the needle from two to

five times, according to the size of knot

desired: the needle is then inserted just

beside the spot where it first came from

the wrong side, the twisted thread bing

held firm and close with the left hand to

prevent uncoiling while the thread is

drawn through. The amateur should

practice this knot carefully before un-

dertaking to use it on a. fine piece, as,

while it is not difficult to make, it re-

quires practice to make it smooth and

even. Where rows of these knots are to

be made they should all be laid in the

same direction, as this gives a better ap-

pearance than where the knots are made

haphazard. The little group showing a

needle in position in figure 3 illustrates

the making of these knots. To one side

of this group are two needle knots with

stems. These are made in the same man-

ner, except that the needle is brought up





 





Figure 2.





articles. Figure 1 illustrates this sort of

work. Any cross stitch or bead pattern

will answer for such embroidery, and col-

ors may be combined to suit one’s fancy.

If the back—ground material has no lines

or bars by which one can guide the work

a coarse meshed canvas may be basted

over it, just as is sometimes done in

cross stitch work, and the French knots

are then made in the meshes, counting

these squares as one proceeds with the

design, if such help is necessary in fol-

lowing the pattern. Care must, of course.

be exercised that the needle does not





stem, and the twist made, when the

needle is inserted again at the knot end.

This plan is desirable for stamens in

flower centers.



The remaining group of knots in'ilgure

3 is known as wash knots. Personally,

the writer has no difficulty in laundering

the ordinary French knots when well

made and not too large, but a great many

prefer the other variety for articles re-

quiring frequent laundering. These are

not subject to increase in size except by

using a coarserilosu. After bringing the

needle up at the desired point, take a





 





small stitch, but do not pull the thread

all the way through, leaving sufficient to

twist around once; run the needle through

this loop and draw the thread down

securely, thus tying a knot; then insert

the needle juSt as close to this knot as





g 9





 





Figure 3. '





possible, and bring it up at the point

where the next knot should be. These

knots cannot slip or be pushed to one

side as the larger variety of the ordinary

kind will sometimes do unless given care-

ful handling. ‘



In figure 4 the Bullion stitch is illus-

trated, generally used for wheat ears,

and sometimes for certain kinds of leaves,

stems, etc. It is made after the manner

of the common French knot. The needle

is brought up at the base of the leaf or

other form; carry it to the opposite end

of the form, insert there, and bring up

just beside the first point; now coil the

thread around the needle’s poirit a suffi-





 





Figure 4.





cient number of times to cover the lengt "

0f the form; hold this coil with the left!

hand while drawing the needle through,‘

turning the coil back upon the space it

is to cover as you do so, and then insert

the needle at the opposite end to secure

it firmly. The needle is then brought up

again at the point where the next leaf

starts. This stitch is by no means an

easy one for beginners, but after careful

practice its results will delight every

worker.





 





THE YOUNG MOTHER AND THE

FIRST CHILD.—No. 2.

When Baby Arrives.



Grandmother’s ideas of baby raising are

frequently laughed at these days and her

suggestions are calmly ignored by the

up-to-date mother. But she had one

idea which I believe was right, that the

sort of skin the child is to have as an

adult depends a great deal upon the ther-

oughness of its first bath. The old idea

was to rub the child all over with lard,

taking especial pains with the scalp, and

then to wash quickly

with a good white soap. Modern nurses

substitute white vaseline or olive oil for

lard. The eyes, nostrils, ears and mouth

should be cleansed with boracic acid, a

teaspoonful dissolved in a pint of warm

water. After the bath it is a good thing

to rub the child all over with pure olive

oil and to dust lightly with a good pow-

der. Of course, the temperature of the

room where the bath is given should be

high,





and the work done quickly. A.

flannel shirt and pinning band are best, ‘





in warm water _





 





 





i





.- *‘wl
JULY 29, 1911.





but the old idea of pinning the baby so

tightly he can scarcely breathe has

passed away for the more sensible one of

leaving the band loose enough to slip

three lingers under. Flannellette pinning

blankets are better than woolen ones, for

obvious: reasons, A flannel skirt, a white

one and a slip, either nainsook or flan-

nellcttu depending upon the time of the

year, completes the outfit. 'Wrap the

child warmly in a blanket and it is then

ready tor its basket or feeding, whichever

the :-,i.;=.nding physician decides.



If you care anything about your own

healtli and comfort, as well as baby's,

see tint he sleeps alone from the begin-

ning. “L clothes basket can be made into

an ideal bed by padding with batting

and «overing with cheesecloth or dimity.

This hwd can be easily carried from room

to roozu‘and placed on a chair at night

right by the bedside. Baby is then Warm

and comfortable and the mother is not

kept snake by the fear that she may roll

on her baby and smother him.



The child should be given to the moth-

er regularly every two hours, for al-

though doctor's now say that no milk

is sci-ra-ted until the third day after the

child's birth, he secures a fluid which





helps 2-: clear the digestive tract. Never

leave im at the breast more than ten

minnh ;. Any child can secure all the

food 2;. needs in this time. The habit





of mu éing baby frequently and leaving

him 9 long as he likes, is had from a

healt‘v' noint of view and is a great “time

killer" -l.S well. Suppose he nursed only

six t. es :1 day for ten minutes each

time, xere is an hour gone. But as he

nurs: oftener, even more time is taken.

If he kes 15, 20 or 30 minutes, as some

babic: lo, there isn’t much time left in

whicl: 1 busy mother can do her work.



Thu ipples should be washed in a solu-





tion .- )oracic acid before and after nurs—

ing. athe with a bit of absorbent cot-

ton :. ‘11 throw away the cotton after





usim? If the nipples become sore, a fine

ointis. .g-t is made of bismuth and castor

oil, 0 teaspoon of bismuth to a table-





spom l of castor oil. Mix thoroughly

and ;. ply each time after nursing and

waslz [c with boracic acid.



No atter how well the mother feels

she :- ‘ uld not try to get up until baby





is 12' ;s' old. Half the wretched health

of‘mi-‘rl; aged women is traceable to the

fact that they got up too soon after a

baby was born and went to work before

they were really in condition to exert

themzwlves. A few days of keeping still

now ill Lprevent months of ill-health

later.



Sor women proudly tell how they did

half 51.8i1' spring sewing while lying in

bed after baby was born. Nothing could

be more foolish, for at no time are the

eyes in a more weakened condition. The

mother should not be allowed to sew or

read while in bed, nor to tax her eyes

or strength in the slightest degree. Her

sole duty at that time is to see that her

health and the baby’s are not endanger-

ed in any way. The teeth, too, need es-

pecial attention. In fact, the whole sys-

tem is keenly susceptible to malign in-

fluences and no danger should be run no

matter how well you think you feel.



Upon rising, if you nurse your baby be

extremely careful about getting cold or

putting the hands in cold water. If noth-

ing worse results, baby is apt to have

colic after the mother is chilled, and a

badly caked breast is often the result as

well. Do not lift heavy weights, as wood

or water, and avoid much climbing of

stairs. in fact, spare yourself in every

way for six weeks at least, and three

months is better.



(Questions regarding diet, clothing or

anything else concerning the child will

gladly be answered—Ed.)





“COOL IT OFF” 0R ”HEAT lT UP."





 





“Why don’t you open up the doors and

windows and let in some air to cool it

off in here?" demanded the man of the





house.

“You mean to heat. it up in here,” cor-

rected his spouse. “Don’t you know the





air outside is like a blast from a fur-

nace? Do you think that would make

things cooler in here?"



She led him into the darkened, cool

living-room, motioned towards the couch

and as he stretched his big frame with

a grunt of satisfaction she asked,



“Have you found a cooler spot today?”



“We 1, I don’t know as I have,” be ad-

mitted grudgingly, “But I can’t say I've

ever just understood your philosophy.

My mother was great on air." '



"so am I,” assented the wife dutifully.

“But my philosophy is to get the house

filled with air after the sun goes down.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. <17) 89





Then it is more apt to be cool air. I ,





leave the doors and windows open all

night, and then shut them in the mom-

ing, pull down the shades so the sun

can't get at my rooms full of cool air to

heat them, and there you have it. Sim—

ple and effective, too, isn’t it?"



“Simple enough,” sleepin agreed the





‘man, “Maybe it’s effective. Anyway—it





~~is——-cooler——in~—4here——than—”



“In the field,” completed his wife to

the accompaniment of a masculine snore.

BY INEZ DE JARNATT COOPER.

TUESDAY FOR WASHDAY.





 





Don’t starve your family on washday,

thereby making everybody, including

yourself, cross. Much of the bother of

washday may be overcome if you do nor

wash on Mondays. Of course, it has been

customary to wash Mondays from time

lmmemorial and so was it, years back, to

bleed a man when he was ill and espe-

cially needed all his blood to recuperate.



On Monday, especially if there are chil-

dren in the family, almost every house

is upset and if it is to be straightened

out that day your work will be doubled.

And then, who wants to put the clothes

to soak Sunday night?.Often some mem-

ber of the family is finishing the wearing

of a garment, especially is this true in

summer time when much white is worn.

Needless to say, the wearer is not pre-

pared to have the garment in question

soaked.



So, on Mondays put your house in or-

der, cook up enough good, hearty food,

if you have much of a family. your pan-

try is depleted Monday morning, for

washday. Set your table after supper,

slice your potatoes, lay your fire, grind

your coffee and fill your boiler before

going to bed. You will wake up rested

Tuesday morning, your house is neat tron

the day before, something is left in your

pantry, and you are not particularly fag-

ged. If you try this way you will think

with pity of those who are still draining

their systems by the old method.





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





To sterilize jars, pails, jelly bags or

dish towels, boil in pure water five min—

utes. It is well to sterilize all drinking

water this time of year. Add a piece of

ice—Z. I. D.



In preserving currants or berries of

tender substance, like red raspberries 0r

strawberries, especially the finely flavored

wild, do not boil. Fill the jars, in layers

of granulated sugar and fruit, fill up

well, seal tight, let stand over night,

then set in a vessel with cold water, set

on side of stove and let the cold water

slowly heat up to boiling point. Remove

from fire. leave fruit jars in the water,

until cold again, but do not cover up to

steam. Even if after removing your su—

gar is not all dissolved in the jar, your

fruit will keep without —fail, color and

flavor will be incomparable and. the fruit

Will be unbroken.——Mrs. A. H.



Use a small knife to remove the bulls

from strawberries. It is more effective

with all sorts and conditions of berries

than the fingers alone. Meanwhile the

latter will be spared many a stain.—

Mrs. E.



if you have trouble in making paper

“stick" to the walls. put a little glue in

the paste. Another good remedy is to

stir up the paste with cold vinegar.—~

1\Irs. L. L. G.



Equal parts of turpentine and carbolic

acid is very effective in cxtcrmlnatlng

bed—bugs.—M. A. T’.



To determine the presence of moths,

place a lighted candle in a basin of wat-

or. The light attracts them and they

will drop into the watch—J6



Qliccd green tomatoes. when fried in

butter and bread crumbs, make a dish

quite as delicate as eggplant—4C R.



T’Vhen ironing one—piece dresses. keep

the skirt rolled up with a cloth bag

slipped over it while the waist is being

ironed. The 25-pound sugar bags do very

nicely—B. M. W.



When you put your heating stove away

for the summer give it a coat of unsaltcd

lard. It will keep it in perfect condi-

tion—1'. M. S.



To clean a white woolen shawl spread

over the table a sheet. On this place

the shawl, powder it all over with fine

starch. fold it up. press well together and

leave for several hours, then squeeze well

and rub together with both hands and

shake off starch thoroughly. The shawl

will look as well as when new—M. A. P.



For the tan that will come with the

summer outing, try equal parts of lemon

juice and camphor, applied with a. cloth

to hands and face—E. S.





 





 





It is an incentive to hunger

to see Uneeda Biscuit made.





All materials are of the finest quality

—clean, nutritious. The dough is

mixed in spotless trays in ‘ a spotless

bakery. Rolled thin; baked in wonderful

ovens scientifically heated to give just



the right crispness; then packed into



the moisture-proof packages that



keep them fresh, crisp and



clean till eaten.





Never sold

in bulk





 





 





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For Safety,

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Convenience.





A Perfect Light at

Reasonable Cost





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Write In for information

and estimatee.





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0UR~DESCR1PTIVE CATALOG "150 lLLUETRATlONS' SHOWS DOLLARS FOR FARM BUYERS'





NOTHING EVER HAPPENED

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SEND FOR CAT OC- ormcn naczorumnro Bison). ngiogcuxng





“£3 ESTATE or ALLEN MACOMBER, LAKEVIEW, MlCl-i.





 





 





 





 





When Writing to Advertisers please

Mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





V

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EHOME w» YOUTH





TH'E ABORIGINES.





 





 





 





BY L. M. THORNTON.





I saw them marching down the street,

Eager and unafraid,



A. little lad with eyes of blue,

A dancing brown-haired maid.



I followed them; the path they took

Was up a winding stair,



But when I entered, through the door

They’d passedfithey were not there.



Instead, now notice if you please,



\Vere just two Aborigines.





A dusky Indian, moccasined,



With blanket round him thrown,

A dainty squaw in belt and beads



Much like my books had shown;

Each primitive, he in his strength——



The strength of fifty pounds—

And she as truly charming as



Can anywhere be found—-

Slim-ankled, graceful, decked to please

.Her knight—the Aborigines.





The two upon me looked in scorn,

“Pale Face, depart,” they cried;

“The Photo-Man don’t want you here,

So just you wait outside.



This is our Wigwam, can’t you see,

VVe’re warriors for today,



Though tomahawks like hatchets look,

Now won’t you run away?”



And so I did, lest I displease



These two, the Aborigines.





Yet when the artist’s work was done

And trappings had been shed,



No more afraid of warriors’ frown

I smoothed each sunny head.



No more they spake 0f haughty pride,

0f wigwam, theirs alone,



No more they veiled a Winsome voice

And aped the warrior’s tone.



Instead, they scrambled to my knees,



Content, the Aborigincs.





And then I kissed them, maybe twice,

Once for their eyes of blue,

The spirit of the pale—face in

Their hearts so fond and true,

For love, that held a captive to

Their lightest wish or whim,

Since days of make-believe so soon

Become but memories dim.

And once for noble traits, in these

My own—the Aborigines.





GABRIEL DE MERSAC.





 





BY HOPE DARING.

Chapter I.



It was autumn of the year 1763. All

through the summer months the forces

of Pontiac had besieged the little English

garrison shut up within the wooden pali-

sades that surrounded the frontier town

of Detroit. As winter drew near not

only the savages but also the French

settlers, who cherished a feeling of re-

sentment towards the English, became

aware that it was useless to look, in the

Indian uprising, for aid from the French.

At first they refused to believe the rumor

that the government at Paris had signed

a treaty which ceded all of New France

to England, but gradually the truth of

the statement became apparent.



Notwithstanding the war, some of the

French traders, who had their head-

quarters outside the stockade, had kept

up their traffic in furs. They had sent

out the Voyageurs with supplies for the

winter, and the furs brought in had been

shipped to Montreal. One of the most

prosperous of the companies had sent its

convoy of furs to the Canadian city in

charge of Pierre, a trusted employe,



On a beautiful October day Pierre

found himself, on his way back to De-

troit, within a few hours’ rowing of that

town. After a long silence he looked ov-

er to his companion, a youth of fifteen

who had the olive—tinted face and the

flashing black eyes of the French Cana—

dian, to say: ”From what we’ve heard

on the way, Gabriel, I trust we’ll find

Detroit at peace. The coming of winter

will force the Indians to scatter to points

where they can find game.”



“At peace, but under English rule,”

Gabriel said a little bitterly.



It was some time before Pierre again

spoke. At last he said, “See here, lad.

I know it’s hard, but we must accept the

fact that never again will we see the

ileur-de-lis floating over what was once

New France. Good King Louis is not to

blame; he was driven to the capitulation.

\Ve must bow to it, but, lad, we must

hold fast to our own faith and honor

under the new rule.”



Gabriel started. “You mean—”



“I mean that we must do right. The

men who live under the English rule

must be, first, true men, then French or

English, as it has pleased the good Lord

to make them. Now you, lad. You must

not let this change unsettle your plans

for the future. Some. day you are to be

a great trader.”



“Yes. It was my father’s plan for me,





 





and it shall be carried out."

"Remember that a great trader must

be, first of all, a good man."





u





Gabriel did not, reply. The two drove

the canoe along swiftly. 'The lake was

smooth. On one hand the blue water

stretched away, to merge with the purple

haze that veiled distant objects. On the

other hand rose the forest, and there

Autumn’s brush had touched the falling

foliage with tints of gold, copper and

carmine.



Eabriel de Mersac was the only son of

a trader. The boy’s mother had died

when he was an infant. The father had

kept Gabriel with him part of the time,

often taking him on long trips through

the forest to visit various Indian tribes

whose furs the trader wished to pur-

chase. Several winters Gabriel had spent

at school in Montreal. A year before,

Monsieur de Mersac had died. The priest

at St. Anne, Detroit, was Gabriel’s guar-

dian. Until the youth had reached his

majority he was to serve an apprentice-

ship by working for other traders. Then

he was to have his father’s money and

begin business for himself.



Pierre and Gabriel reached Detroit an

hour before sunset. The gates of the

town were still closed, no one being al—

lowed to enter without the sentry's per-

mission, but the Indians who still re-

mained in the near—by camps, where they

had spent the summer, had ceased to





make any attacks upon the garrison. The.





two travelers made their way to the

headquarters of the company by whom

Pierre was employed. There they met

with a. warm welcome from the French

traders and farmers, all of whom were

anxious to hear the news from Montreal.



The next day Gabriel was surprised to

receive a message asking him to come to

the fort. On arriving there he was shown

to the council room where. Major Glad—

win, the commander of the garrison, and

several other officers were trying to un-

derstand a half dozen Indians who had

asked for an audience with the English.



“They are Crees, and the interpreter

cannot make them understand him,” Ma-

jor Gladwin said to Gabriel. “Henri

Cuzon, a habitant who was here on busi-

ness, told me of your arrival. Cuzon

said that you had visited the Cree vil-

lage up near Hudson Bay, with your

father, and he felt sure that you could

talk with these Indians.”



Gabriel nodded. Monsieur de Mersac

had see that his son could readily ac-

quire the dialect of the various Indian

tribes. The father had urged Gabriel to

learn as many of them as possible, for

the knowledge was of great benefit to a

trader.



"Yes, I can speak their language. Ah,

there is Old Elk among them.”



Old Elk remembered Gabriel and his

father. The Crees had greatly respected

"Monsieur de Mersac, whom they had

called \Vise Father. They gladly accepted

Gabriel’s help in their present difficulty.

The lad spent much of the day at the

council room. The following morning

he was again sent for, Major Gladwin

desiring his services as an interpreter.



For three days Gabriel faithfully served

the English officers. The cordiality with

which they treated him, and their evident

desire to adjust the Indian trouble with-

out further bloodshed, caused Gabriel to

regard them with more favor than at

first. On the third day they asked him

to remain after the Indians had gone.

Two officers besides Major Gladwin

stayed in the room. It was the older one

of these, Captain Gray, who asked: “My

lad, did you ever see and talk with Pon-

tiac?”



"Yes, a great many times. My father

and I once spent two days at the chief’s

home on Peche Island."



“Do you think you would be granted

an audience with him, should you ask

it?”



“\‘.'hy, I think so, for my father’s

sake,” Gabriel said, his face and his

voice both denoting surprise.



Captain Gray leaned forward, to lay

one hand on the boy’s shoulder. “Ga-

briel, we have been making inquiries

about you. It is only good things that

we hear of you and of your father. Eng-

land will need such men as you will be-

come, to uphold her authority here, and

she will be ready to pay for the help.”



The captain went on to speak at some

length of Pontiac’s cruelty and of his

bad influence over the Indians. The wily

chief was about to withdraw from that

community, but doubtless the next sum-

mer would see a renewal of the hostili-

ties. The English oflicers felt that, if

they could capture Pontiac, their troubles

would be over. If Gabriel would seek an

interview with the chief and lure him

away from the camp, on some pretext, so

that he could be captured, the English

would give the youth a purse of gold and





_ singing;





THE “MICHIGAN FARMER.





would help him on in any career that he

might choose'for himself. ' -

Gabriel's black eyes burned. “But

that would be treachery, to trade on

Pontiac’s friendshipfor my father."





“In dealing with a. savage one must

use any weapon that is at hand,” Cap:

tain Gray began, but Major Gladwin in-

terrupted him, leaning across the table

to say: ”My boy, could you have known

and loved, as some of us did, the gallant

Captain Dalzell, who was slain by this

savage, you would be glad to help on his

capture. Dozens of foul murders lay at

his door. He has deceived and betrayed

the French by telling them that their

government approved of his attack upon

this fort.”



Gabriel stood mute. The major saw

the youth’s troubled face and went on:

“Take time to think over what We have

said. Gabriel, I know that I can trust

you to keep it to yourself. We will not

need you tomorrow,-but the day after

come to me here, at three in the after-

noon.”



Gabriel went away. Outside darkness

had fallen, and he hurried along to the

home of the Cuzons where he and Pierre

lodged.



That evening a party of boys and girls

gathered in the great hearthroom of the

Cuzon home. There were games and

Apples and' croquecignoles, a

sort of doughnut, went round. Gabriel

tried to take his usual part in the merri-

ment, but, even in the midst of the romp-

ing games, he found his mind going back

to the proposal made to him by the Brit-

ish officers. ’



After he went to bed he lay for hours,

staring into the darkness, thinking,

thinking. At his side Pierre] slept quiet-

ly. Gabriel had no liking for Pontiac;

he knew that the “Great Chief," as his

followers called him, was cruel and

treacherous. If the English were to rule

over that region, they must put down

the Indian trouble or there would, be

safety and prosperity for no white man.

The gold did not tempt Gabriel, but he

knew that, in the years to come, the

patronage and friendship of the new

government would mean much to him.





It was late when Gabriel fell asleep,

but he awoke just as the gray light of

early morning was creeping over the

earth. He arose, dressed, and left the

room without rousing Pierre. Making

his way down stairs, he walked out of

the house, unseen by anyone.



The Cuzon farmhouse was but a little

way from the river, the farm fronting

on that stream. Gabriel walked in that

direction. He had gone- but a little way

when an Indian emerged from a thicket

and, stepping directly in front of him

asked in Ottawa: “You are Gabriel, son

of him the Ottawas knew as “’ise

Father?"



”3,“...



“The Great Chief has sent for you.

Come with me and I will take you to

him.”



Gabriel hesitated but for a minute.

Then, as the Indian strode towards the

river, he followed him.





 





Chapter il.



0n arriving at the river’s edge the

Indian motioned Gabriel to enter a bark

canoe which had been drawn up on the

beach. The youth did so. Then the In—

dian pushed the boat off, sprang in, and

took up the oars.



“Where are we going?" Gabriel asked.



“To the Great Chief.”



Gabriel asked no more questions: he

knew enough of the Indians' taciturn na-

ture to realize that further inquiries

would be useless. The boat went swift-

ly, keeping close to the shore. It was

not long until they reached that point

whcre, a little way back from the river,

stood the Ottawa village. There the boat

was beached. The Indian motioned for

Gabriel to follow him and started for the

camp.



It was surrounded by palisades. I’Vith-

in the enclosure were dozens of rude huts

and wigwams. Only a few Indians were

to be seen, although fires burned before

many of the lodges. Over some of the

fires hung kettles, and before others, im-





paled on long sticks, pieces of venison





were roasting. Gabriel’s guide halted

before the largest one of the structures

.—a hut built of logs and roofed with

bark. Throwing open the door he called:



”Great Chief, it is the son of “’ise

Father."



“Let the lad enter,” said a deep, sonor-

ious voice.



Gabriel stepped inside. At the end of

the building opposite the door there was

a. chimney, and there a. big fire burned.





JULY '29, 1911.





Two openings high up in the 'hut ad-

mitted the light. Before the fire, on a

couch of skins, sat an Indian. He turned

his head, beckoning Gabriel to come

nearer. ,



Pontiac was past fifty. He was of

medium height, and his figure was finely

proportioned. His features were stern

and bold, but his face was impassive. In

his hair were the eagle feathers that

denoted his rank as a chief. He wore

buckskin trousers, and a. blanket shroud-

ed his figure.



“The son of 'Wise Father is welcome to

the lodge of Pontiac,” and the chief held

out his hand after the manner of the

white men with whom he had associated.



Gabriel laid his own in it. Pontiac

motioned his guest to a seat on the furs

and began to ask about Gabriel’s jour-

ney. XVhile they talked a squaw entered

and placed on the ground before Pon-

tiac a. bark platter containing a piece of

roast venison, a. fried fish, a dish of

parched corn, and a. small, closely~woven

basket filled with praline, which was

made of parched corn pounded between

two stones and mixed with maple: sugar.



“The Great Chief’s visitor is welcome

to eat with him,” Pontiac declared. He

drew a knife from his belt and carved

slices of the meat. ‘



At first Gabriel drew back, but Pon-

tiac’s invitation was so like a command

that the French boy began to eat. No

word was spoken while the meal went

on. When it was done, and the remnants

had been carried away by the squaw,

Pontiac lighted a pipe and began: “Wise

Father's son has been long at the coun-

cil room of his country’s enemies. He

hates the English?”



“I am not sure,” Gabriel said slowly.

“Our king, the good Louis, has been

obliged to give over New France to the

English. They are to rule here.”



“Not for long. Pontiac must go away

for the winter, unless he can even yet

gain entrance to the fort. If it was not

for that dog, Gladwin! Long ago the

others would have yielded. He must

die.”



The chief leaned forward, bringing his

face close to that of Gabriel. The boy

shrank back.



”VVhat do you mean?”



“That the son of “’ise Father is to help

not only Pontiac, but also New France.

\Vith Gladwin dead, the English will give

up and leave. See! This contains a

treasure made by a medicine man. Shake

it into the dish from which Gladwin

drinks, and it will remove the foe of the

Ottawas and the Frenchmen. All it needs

is someone who can enter the council

room.”



Into Gabriel’s hand the chief thrust a

tiny box made of birch bark. It was

filled with a fine white powder. Gabriel

tried to give the box back to Pontiac.



”I thought that warriors fought with

arrows and bullets.”



“The white man must be fought with

his own weapons. Let Wise Father’s

son do this, and when New France is

free, all power shall be» his.”



Gabriel stood up. “It is useless to tell

me that, for I know that New France

has passed into the hands of the Eng-

lish.”



“But Wise Father’s son is to take the

powder and use it.” Pontiac’s gaze met

and held that of the boy. “If he does

this, when he becomes a trader, all the

Indians of the forest shall be his friends.

Let him refuse, and disaster and defeat

shall come to all his ventures. Pontiac

has spoken.”



There was a moment’s silence. The

flames leaped higher, and the bright light

showed that Gabriel’s cheeks had paled.

If Pontiac lived and his power was not

overthrown, the words uttered by him

would prove no idle boast. He would

have it in his power to hinder or to help

Gabriel’s success. Suddenly Pontiac put

one hand on the boy’s shoulder, turning

him about so that he faced the door.



“Go now. When the bidding of the

Great Chief is done he will reward the

one who does it.”



It was not until he was out in the open

air that Gabriel remembered that the box

was still in his hand. He turned about

to re-enter the lodge. Then he recalled

the chief’s pre—emptory dismissal and

thrust the box into his pocket. His In-

dian guide was waiting for him just out—

side the door. No word was spoken

as the two passed down the river to the

landing before the Cuzon house. When

they reached it, Gabriel sprang ashore

and walked away.





That afternoon the youth refused to,





join Andre Cuzon, who was going out on

the river with a net after whiteflsh. He

also asked to be excused when Pierre
JULY 29,. 1911.





suggestéi that he should go over some

accounts for the firm. Going out into

the woods he threw himself down under

a tree, to think over the situation in

which he found himself. \



He lay there for an hour. Suddenly he

sat up. W'hat was it that Pierre had

said? To do right. And that was the

teaching of his own honored father as

well as of the priests who had been his

instructors.



Gabriel sat still, looking up to where

the branches of a tree were outlined

against the soft blue sky. “Why, it’s

easy enough,” he said aloud.



Early the next morning Gabriel bor—

rowed Andre’s canoe and rowed to the

Ottawa village. “‘hen he told the sentry

at the gate who he was he was allowed

to enter the enclosure. As he drew near

the lodge of Pontiac, that chief opened

the door and stepped out.



“Ah! The son of VV’ise Father has

come to tell that he has done the bid-

ding of Great Chief?"



“No, I have come to return you this,"

pressing the box of poison into Pontiac's

hand. “I do murder at the bidding of

no man.”



Pontiac came a step nearer, a. danger-

ous gleam in his black eyes. “\Vise

Father’s son is a fool. Does he not know

that he is in l'ontiac’s power?"



“That may be, but 1 am not afraid,”

and Gabriel coolly turned around to walk

away. He listened intently for some

word of command to stop him, but it was

not spoken. Unmolested he passed

through the gateway and reached his

boat.



Promptly at three that afternoon Ga—

briel entered the council room. No one

was in the apartment save Major Glad-

win, who sat at a table, writing. He

looked up.



“You are on time, Gabriel. I hope that

you have come prepared to promise me

your aid in capturing Pontiac."



“Nay, Major Gladwin, l have come to

tell you that I cannot do as you ask.

Indeed, I could not if I would, for Pontiac

would not allow me to enter his camp.”



"Ah!” There was something in the

single word that made Gabriel brace him-

self, as if for a combat. “How is this?

Early yesterday morning you were at the

Ottawa. village, rowed there by one of

Pontiac"s‘: raves.”



The mom threw back his head. “Then

the English spy upon the French trad—

ers?" ._



The major frowned. “A wise com-

mander learns all that he can of his en—

cmy’s movements. What explanation

have you to make of that early morning

visit?”



“None whatever." Gabriel's voice was

cold, but he was very angry. XVhile he

vaguely felt that it was not wise to throw

away the major’s good will, his pride

would not let him tell that on the oc—

casion of that visit, when he had been

spied upon and misjudged, he had had it

in his power to further a scheme against

Gladwin's life.



Major Gladwin poured a glass of wat—

er from the pitcher that always stood at

his elbow. Gabriel’s face twitched. It

would have been easy to carry out Pon-

tiac's orders.



“It will be useless to prolong this in-

terview. I will not again need your ser-

vices as an interpreter.”



Gabriel bowed and left the room. “I

wish I had stayed in Montreal,” he mut-

tered.



Two days Went by- Gabriel surprised

Pierre by devoting himself to the busi—

ness of the trading company, to the ex-

clusion of everything else. In the mean-

time the Indians continued to leave the

camps where they had been so long. Life

in Detroit began to assume- something of

its olden comfort and gaiety.



It was on the evening of the. second

day after his interview with Major Glad-

win that Gabriel entered the stockade.

The sentry had come to know him so

well that he was not challenged. In his

hand he had a bill which he was to pre-

sent to one of the traders who had been

shut up in the fort all summer. Before

passing through the gateway Gabriel had

seen several forms skulking near the

palisades.



“The sentries are growing careless.”

he thought. “Some day they will wake

up to the fact that an Indian cannot al—

ways be counted on to do the things one

expects of him.”



Gabriel’s way led him‘close to the wall.

All at once he stood still. What was it

he had seen?



Through the air, a little way ahead of

him, there had flashed what had seemed

like a ball of fire. So quickly did it pass

that Gabriel asked himself if he could





     





THE MICHIGAN FARMBR. .





have been mistaken. Then he remem-

bered that, in a. shed, .just where that

ball had disappeared, was stored the

fort’s supply of gunpowder.



He started forward on a run, a cry

for help breaking from his lips. As he

ran he thought of the row of houses back

of the shed. There lived several families

of French habitants, some of them his

friends. Then he saw that a mass of

some burning substance had fallen in

front of the shed’s open door, setting lire

t0 straw which was littered there.



Chapter ”I.



“'hen Gabriel reached the fire his first



thought was one of regret that he had





sounded an alarm; it would be easy for





him to extinguish the blaze. He leaped

directly upon it, beating out the flames

with his feet and with his deer-skin cap.

The sound of hurrying footsteps reached

him but as be bent down there came a

sudden rushing, crackling noise. The.

next moment he was surrounded by fire.

His clothing was aflame and in his agony

he shouted: “Put out the fire! There's

powder in the shed!"



A moment of the wildest confusion fol-

lowed; the whole town was in an uproar.

However, the fire was extinguished be-

fore it reached the powder. Gabriel's

burning clothing was torn from his body

and, sick and faint with pain, he was

carried into the nearest house, which

chanced to be tlfat of Madam St. Best,

an old friend of the boy's father. The

fort surgeon was sent for and then Major

Gladwin set about learning the cause of

the excitement.



It did not take long to learn the de-

tails. Others besides Gabriel had seen

the ball of fire as it was lussml over the

palisades, but no one but the French

youth had realized the danger. The plot

had been well laid, so well that Major

Gladwin felt sure there must have been

a confederate within the walls. The

shed door was open, and no one could

account for the straw scattvrcd in the

doorway. The flash which had cost Ga-

briel so clearly had. been caused by pow—

der being scattered in the straw. The

most vigorous investigation failed to find

the offender. No harm had been done,

save the injuries suffered by Gabriel.



It is not always on a battlefield that a

hero proves his courage. Gabriel had

grown up in the mien, used to countless

dangers and hardships. Fear and he

were strangers, but in the days which

followed the fire he came to know pain

well, that enemy Whose attacks are so

hard to withstand.



Gabriel’s feet and legs were burned

badly. His hands and arms had also

suffered, but not so severely. The sur-

geon did all he could for the sufferer, and

Madam St. Best summoned an old half-

breed nurse who was noted for her skill.

The next day Gabriel’s fever mounted

high. He became delirious. and for forty—

eight hours be tossed about, living over

the scenes of the past few days. Again

and again he told of both attempts to

bribe him. Then he would go over his

last interview with the major. "They all

blame me, they think me false," he would

say, his voice dropping to a. minor key.

”And I tried to do right. It will make

my future harder, it may even defeat the

plans my father made for me, but there

was nothing to do but to do right.”



The second day Madam St. Best sent

for Major Gladwin. The message asked

him to come to her home, but gave no

reason for the request. The officer came

at once as be fully realized that Gabriel’s

promptness and courage had averted a

tragedy. ’



The ground floor of Madam St. Best's



little house was nearly all taken up by

the hearthroom. The-re, on a high-post-

ed bed, Gabriel lay. A wood fire blazed

on the stone hearth.

Madam St. Best was a. tiny woman

with a proud, refined face. She had

flashing black eyes and snow~white hair.

The hand she held out to her caller was.

finely shaped. but brown and hard, made

so by the labor that the brave widow

was obliged to do.



“Thank you for complying with my re-

quest, Major Gladwin," she said.



“It was a pleasure to do so, madam.

Flow is our brave Gabriel today? I trust

his fever is lower."



“Not yet, and I think it worries Doc-

tor Harrow. Msjor Gladwin, you have

wronged Gabrie."



“I wronged the boy! How is that?”

The major tried to speak lightly, but his

eyes avoided the woman’s gaze.



, “It is to let you know how that I have

summoned you. The lad has neither

father nor mother to speak for him, so

I am going to risk your anger. It is not

to criticise your pilot to Gabriel mt I





have asked this interview; an ignorant

woman cannot judge of the duties that

war may impose upon an officer. But

Gabriel is not of your country; if he

wished to decline the task you would

have set him, to do so was his pleasure.”



“Madam St. Best, how does it come

that you know of my interviews with

Gabriel?"



“In his delirium the boy has told it

all. He has told of another interview,

one to which he was summoned by the

Great Chief himself. Pontiac sought to

bribe Gabriel to take your life. even as

you conspired against that of the In-

dian.”



Major (lladwin started. He was a brave

man and had many times looked death

in the face. Never before, though, had

his danger been announced by a sweet-

faced woman as she sat with him at her

own fireside. All that he could say was

to ask, ”Madam, what do you mean?"



“There! Gabriel is again beginning to

talk- Take that chair by his bed and he

shall tell you what, unconsciously, he has

told me." e



Madam left the room and the major

took the chair indicated. There was. no

one in the room but himself and Gabriel,

save the wrinkled old half-breed nurse.



It was an hour later when Major Glad-

win went away. He had hidden the nurse

call Madam St. Best. All he said, as he

shook the woman's hand, was: “I un-

derstand, madam. You can trust me to

see that this brave lad is recompensed

for all I have unwittingly made him

suffer."



After Gabriel’s fever had left him there

were weary days of pain. He appreciat-

ed the many kindnesses shown him, and

tried to be patient. Madam St. Best said

to him: “Major Gladwin sends each day

to learn how you arc.

you that he is your friend, and, when

you are stronger, he will talk with you."



Gradually nis strength came back and

his burns healed, but the first snow came

before Gabriel was allowed to leave the

hOUSe. He sat at a window, looking out

to where the little palisaded town was

wrapped in a mantle of white, when there

came a rap at the door. Madam went

forward, to welcome Maj-or Gladwin.



“It is Gabriel whom I' came to see,”





the new-comer said, as he shock hands.'





“Then I will leave you two together,"

and, drawing an easy chair near the fire,

she left the room.





Major Gladwin strode across to where:

“Forgive l





Gabriel sat, his hand extended.

me, my boy. ForgiVe me for tempting

you to betray a trust, and for thinking

that you were guilty of treachery when

you were refusing to lift your hand

against me.”



Gabriel stared into the

"“'hy, how dill you know?"





Major Gladwin sat down and told him‘





the whole story. They talked for a long

time. Gabriel learned that Pontiac and

all his braves had withdrawn from that

vicinity.

friendship and asked him, when he was

strong enough, to become his secretary.

““"ith your knowledge of the Indian dia-

lects and the lndian character, you can

be of great assistance to us. life will

unite in making the English rule in De-

troit an era of peace and prosperity.”



Neither of the two dreamed of the

changes the next score of years would

bring to that region. )ubriel became a

famous trader. in the Revolutionary War

he gave himself to the cause of the col-

onies, and came to bc one of the most

honored and influential men of territor-

ial Michigan.





THE FLASH OF A KNIFE.





 





BY F. M. (IOMSTOCK.



Meeting Capt. Mason the other day led

up to a memory seduce of the old time

days on the lakes, when a. sailor’s life

was one of extreme hazard. But the

miracles wrought by man have created

wondrous changes in the nature of a

sailor’s toil, and have robbed the dreamer

of the. poetry and romance that environed

him, until, today:



The angel that was up aloft

is in the boiler now,



For Jack he is a stokcr man

And to his fate must bow.





tuted a true toiler of the lakes had to be

equal to an emergency, and be possessed

of more than common presence of mind.



Quite a number of our seamen were

school teachers during the winter and

sailors during the summer. These men

came from farms and the small towns,

and we gave them the name of "sum-

mermen" in contradistinction to the

tougher element that made the cheap

sailor boarding houses their winter abode.





He bade me tell‘





 





other's face.





Gladwin assured the boy of his





. township.

:lnnsmess men. anyone anxious to improve his com)

In those days the elements that consti— « mm '





.- LEAN MIMIONEERINB 33.1%. '33





 





<19) 91





 





A Triumph

0f Cookery—





Pest

Toasties





Many delicious dishes

have been made from

Indian Corn by the skill.

and ingenuity of the ex-

pert cook.





But none of these crea-

tions excels Post Toast-

ies in tempting the palate.



‘Toasties” are a luxury

that make a delightful

hot-weather economy.



The first package tells

its own story.





“The Memory Lingers”

Sold by Grocers.





Postum Cereal Company, Limited,

Battle (‘1‘eek,Mich., U. S. A.





 





 





 





85





 





Get

a ;. What

You

‘ ) ._ Ask





 





JaSIlrkaCam

' For

The ongmd,’ ' cartonned, transparent,

mp. Delightful for the Toilet and

Bath. Makes the hair soft and

fluffy. Use it in all kinds of water.





Sold by Dealers Everywhere





REFUSE IMITATIONS

Look for the lap Girl on every package.





A Large J “M” f”

Cake 10¢ ‘ . ‘ I 1





TRAINING FOR BUSINESS

m A UNIVERSITY ATMOSPHERE.





Every_.'advantage of the modern np—to-date

collegennclnding the finest gymnasium in the

state, is. otiered students of the





Ohio Wewleyan

UNIVERSITY





School of Business,

Delaware. Ohio.





Course includes studies necessary for suc-

cess in commercial life.

Best Courses for the Least Money.

Write today for full information to

P. 0. Box 3»l:3,L. L. HUDSON, M.A., Principal,

Delaware, Ohio.





 





Establ islwd

1 83.9





       





 





 





 





 





 





 





pieced-Mm“-

tneb Ind hula‘ all

(lieu. Neat, clean,

0mm conven-

ient,cheap. [int-III

gee-on. Can'tspil’lor

.. tip over. will not soil

g or injure anything.

. , ,. Guaranteed elect-

4‘ ‘ ” 8 've. 01-" dealers“):-

' ‘ sent prepaid for .



HAROLD 89M 8

150 lb lllb Ave.

mm, R.Y. ’





 

   

 

 





‘33?” '2 ..

'4 ow,"





‘-

a.‘





 





 

 





 





\ 7AN’l‘ED FOR U. S. ARMY—Able—bodied. un-

. ‘ mun-1051 .men. between the ages of 18 and 35.

Citizens of limited States, nil mod character and ten-

perute habits. who can speak, read. and write the En-

glish language. For information apply to Recruitin

()tlmcr, €12 Griswold Sb, Detroit, Mich.: Heavenri

Block. Saginaw. Mich: (‘orner 1st Saginaw Sta ‘

Flint, Mich: 1}) East. Main 86.. Jackson. Mich. M





Lei: In S '

I will tt‘urnisl'ii thgfggtergsifi, mlxkterlaggzlr'o‘fin;



no. we nee , ear nan' every

Farmers, fighmm.laniKerfi."§n::fi





difion. Add-ms coin! Democracy. Dunn» Dymfihi...





am! eeomo [nae-pends: ,

”1““ ‘nb'mefio- FREE}. fill“??? and ”m





_ JOKES KAI": 303001. 0? At'CTION‘EERflGtW Washi

. ton Blv‘d. Chicago. Ill. Hummer tern mus July :18





YOUNG MEN WANT n to N

- ,gx VETERINARY (conga. ”M2





.t 1

free. GRAND $103 vmrgnlifiiiur“

COLLEGE Deptll Grand Rapids.“





 





PRIN'I'ING—For Poultry men, Live Stock Breed

ers and General Work. Write for

terms. 0. N. MENDELS it SON" Gd. Rapids, Mich.
92 <20) -

Very few of your true jack tars found

their way to the great lakes, but such of

tnem as did come were of the better

class. ‘ ’



All of the old timers cannot help but

remember the L. K. Plimpton twin ware-

houses on upper Buffalo creek. At the

time of which I write—1861, I think—the

New York Central Railroad had a line of

propellers running between Buffalo and

Chicago, stopping as need bc.at inter-

mediate ports.



One of this fleet was called the Sciota,

Capt. Gil Traverse commanding, and Gus

\\'illiams occupying the position of first

mate; and as this, “Flash of a Knife,“

has to do with the said \\'illiams, and, to

my mind was the active cause of the loss

of the Sciota, the facts in their sequence

have always seemed to hold more than

the usual run Of interest, and I have of-

ten wondered why it was that \Villiams

was spared death at the point of a knife

to be shrouded a few days later by the

waters of lake Huron; but I could never

solve the puzzle.



Capt. Mason and \Villiams, who were

fast friends, had been to the thatre the

night in question, and were returning to

their respective vessels, which happened

to lay at the Plympton warehouse docks,

when the murderous attack on \Villiams

was made. Ordinarily they would have

gone to their respective homes, but the

early morning had been set for the get-

ting under way of both their vessels. I

take the rest of the event from Capt.

Mason’s private log.



“Gus and I had been to the theatre

to see Buoth in llichard the Third. ‘\\'e

struck the docks on our return at shortly

after midnight, (lus bound for the Sciota

and I for my own vessel which lay just

above. \Ye were talking about the play

and of the our having a

good time in where we were

both bound. Lot}: . “ as with little thought





possibility (if





Chit-ago.





 





of our sui'rtiundiizs. 'Zfill we realized

we were in a :CSS dangerous

vicinity, and firewall; :‘.:at time of

night.



“\Ve were caret 21': [:12 our way

through the piles :1"~:.- ’. :'~ r it was

much too dark for us it :_ i-ley for—

ward, (‘lus taking the: lea-T, won; a gleam

of light pierced the ‘lf;f‘_\;i16¥> and l





caught the tlash of a sheath knife in the

hands of some unknown assassin as it

was drawn back to strike a deadly blow.



“In the preservation of one’s life I be-

lieve instinctive action does not depend

on thought at all, but if it does it was a

mighty quick thought that made me give

Uus a shove forward—for the gleam of

light came from between two boxes to

the left of uswand grab the hand that

directed the blow. But, quick as l was,

I could not prevent Gus from getting a

slashing cut on the arm which brought

the blood good and plenty."



"As you know, I was a pretty husky

Chap, yet for once in my life 1 found I

not only had my hands full, but was get—

ting the worst of it, and had to call on

Gus for help; but in spite (If both of us

the assassin got away and left us pulling

and blowing.



“Now the curious thing in this incident

lay in the following facts:



“It was the second mate of the Sciota,

and not this, that the man was laying

for; anyway, the unfortunate officer was

found with a sheath knife tip to its hilt

in his heart the next morning.



“As a result of the murder of his sec-

ond mate, Captain Traverse was delayed

in leaving port for over twelve hours, and

twelve fatal hours they proved to be to

the Sciota and all on board.



“As for me, I escaped the coroner’s

inquiry with a deposition, and we pulled

out on almost schedule time.



““"e were a slightly faster boat than

the Sciota, all things being equal, but on

this trip were somewhat heavier loaded,

in thinking the matter over in the

of later events, I came to the con—

elusion that we logged about the same

number of miles in the run up the lakes

that the Sciota did.



“Anyway, we came to under Blackinac

island, glad of the shelter from the heav—

iest gale of wind that had swept over the

lakes in years; and it was in this gale

that the Sciota foundered off Thunder

Bay. making it very plain to me that tile‘

murderer of lid.

sponsihle for the





and,

light





l

loss of the Sciota and}





the lives of twenty-sexton passengers and E "





' ,





at about

not have been1





crew; for, bad we left Buffalo

the same time, there could





much difference in the time of our arrival E .

the l ’





at the Straits where shelter from





storm would have been assured.”



The murderer, Ed. Monahan. was finally

brought to hook and paid the penalty of

his crimes.





:TTW"““*———T - , -

,l ‘ g"

l " ‘ ‘ ‘





iv; - ,<’ '

Th





 





Motor Hay Prooo





 





o Sondwloh





 

 





‘:?.%_g y





 





 





 





 





“Just





The recent invention





 





_l_._i_lg inding one ”





of an 8111- steel Motor





Press ,makes- Hay Baling one of the finest

profit-paying businesses on earth—so say men

who are using the new Sandwich Motor Press





"Hay baling has always paid me fine

profits. but now, that I’ve got a MOTOR

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rakingin the coin handover fzst.’ It’s just

like finding money!" That’s a sample of

the letters we get from delighted owners

of our newest style Hay Press. the Sand-

wz'clz Molar Press.



The Sandwich Motor Press is a combi-

nation Sandwich All-Steel Belt Power

Press with a lzzgh-grade gasoline engine

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it is the most com-

plete. compact and

fast-working Hay

Baling Outfit in the

world. It is porta-

ble. too! And always

ready for work—no

time lost in setting

andliningup engine.

For windrow baling

this outfit has prov-

en a whirlwind:



The machine is of reinforced steel con-

struction throughout.



Special device makes it easy to start or

stop press instantly. Friction clutch is on

the press, not on the engine. Special

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power or require frequent adjustment.



Engine is 7 H. P. ho per-cooled type.

requires little water. %nder brake test

shows 9 H. P. Equipped with both bat-

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Engine provided with standard gasoline

pump with overflow. Combination seat.





 





SANDWIBH





MOTOR PRESS





battery and tool box included. A reliable.

powerful engine. high class in every

particular. - 3



If you have an engine. buy the Press

alone. It is easy to mount any standard

hopper-cooled engine on platform.



The Sandwich All-Steel Hay Press

bales 35 per cent more hay than others

of equal rated capacity—2% to 3% tons

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Takes double charge of hay. Has no con-

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direct from fork.

No balance wheels.

no com plicated

gears, no high speed

machinery. Fast,

simple. strong and

light of draft.



If a smaller outfit

is desired. one some-

what less expensive

and having capacity

of. say 1% to 2 tons

per hour, we can furnish it. using either

a 4 or 5 H. P. gasoline’ engine.





We make Motor Presses (complete or

without supplying engines); wood

frame and steel lrame presses; horse

power and engine power presses in

all sizes up to 5-lon per hour capacity.



Drop us a line,a postal, today lor new

book about the profits in hay baling.

We want lo tell you particularly about

Sandwich Motor Presses. Address





SANDWICH MANUFACTURING COMPANY





562 Spruce Street, Sondwlch, Ill.





 





 





 





RUST





METAL STACK COVERS





 





PROOF





god





 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





rugated

‘v ., " Covers.





,, mesh. A 15-

"it.

.I‘ ‘ ‘1

Many





Paid 'l .-

4-18-191L





;_ Ill





1





 





l or mention this





IE'I’AI. s'rnox oovzn oo., 25 So. Dosplaines so. ohioago





If not room to write in coupon, write on margin.





 

 





hay there are few if any, money and

labor severe that. compare with our Cor-

Galvanized Metal Stack

They prevent tires, avoid hauling he to

\, barns, saves barn and shed room, saves all the oy, can

- \‘ be quickly put over an unfinished stack in event of rain;

T}, takes but. little space when not in use. as the sheets inter-





can quickly cover a stack 20 by 40 feet.

' 4 , grater them to burns because of economy and convenience.

.l l aving on one stack will pay for the cover.



1.. of! by wind, and water tight—lam u ertlmo-~rust-proo£.



hay-ralsers bale and stack in the field

-. cover till wanted for market. or use, when cover can be taken off

I in section: as desired. Best kind of insurance against loss in

case of burning barn.

Write today for descriptive booklet, price delivered, and

special agency terms if you wont agency. Use coupon





Your





year-old boy can put. them up. Two boys

Hay men





Can’t be blown





and





Farmer Agents Wanted.

wrma, oto., of M 31"!-

Sncn COVBRE. My neueut



freight. depoti .

nme . .. . .........





paper. Address:





 





 





 





Fitzgerald was also re— l '





You can cut an





dry or green feed most economically, shred corn to best advantage. if





you own t to Blizzard. Designed to stand hard service without a bit of strain or

" pull and built in fewest parts—simple, easy running, with self-feed table and





Self -F eed

Table





I _ V

‘57 Mounted or





’ Unmouuted





\





knives adjuotoblo whilo running.





We Guarantee It Fully





improved Wind Elevator carries



fodder any height. any direction. Every machine



tested separately before shipping. A demonstrated



success for 38 years. Shipped ready to put up.



Let us send on free book, “Why Silage Pays."

Write to ay.





J08. DICK MFG. CO.

1439 W. Tuscarawao 8!. Canton, Ohlo





 





All steel construction—Steel



pltmun and plunger mounted on



roller bearings—Smooth.silent action—-



No jar orjerk—Speed up to 35 strokes per minute.

Automatic Block Dropper—drops block at right time-

prevents accidents or injury to operators and avoids





loss of time. The "Ohio” is





The Only Automatic 'llay Press





on the market. Investigate our non-breakable, automatic relief clutch feeder. Powerful and efficient.





insuring great; capacity. Our book explains details of various features. Mailed free.





6 don‘t ask you





to buy, simply investigate before investing your money—Remem her-back of our press stands the “Famous

Ohio" factory—a positive guarantee of best servwo and highest quality. Write postal now—address





THE OHIO OULTIVATOR GO.





1106 Ohio St. Bollovuo, Ohio





 





 





When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer





 





(fl) "





‘1





JULY 29, 1911.





.."Illllllmll‘mf"lull“ l lllllllltlllllllll





‘ "ill!" 1 d

l ‘n l_ “





l [Ill





Ill





 





 





Edwards Interlbking

“Rec” Steel Shingles





.Write today for our Biin-ee Out on No. 797, which

was full details about. dwurds In flocking “Rec”

teel Shingles and other metal roofing and materials

mode by us. It; tells you all about; the Ten Thousand

lim- Guaranty Bond, which insures every Edward.





“Rec” Steel Shingle Root against destruction by

ligchtnin for all time.

dwart s “Rec" Steel Shingles are made of high- ‘





rude Bessemer Steel in sheets 6 to] feet long and



inches wide. Either painted or alvanized steel and



all ready to put. on. You can easi y put them on your-

self. Only hammer and nails required.



We have a Special Cash Money-Makingl’ropo-

sitlon for the man who writes for it. in each commu-

aity. If any of your buildings need roofing. you are



e man.



Send dimensions «(your buildings and we will quote

you cost. of an Edwnr a Roof—freight prepaid.



Write for offer—NOW.





The Edwards Mfg. 60.. 711.767lock Sh. Cincinnatim.

LII-goo! Monmoomroro ol Siool

Rooting uncut-i In tho World (60)





 





Our ”Cyclone” 3 stroke self feed hay press is

the latest. most powerful and most efficient

press on the market. Each Circle of the team

presses In three charfies. The self food automatic-

ally puts the bay to t e bottom of the bale chamber.

These improvements wonderfully increase capacity

rite __tod‘ay for



which gives prices



five days' free trial.





 





 





Keep hogs from going under

. wire fence. Hold fence down

in crossing depressions“ Protect

stock from lightning by’ ground

connection. Hold in any soil. By

their use you can set your





Posts 35-40 F t. Apart





Simple. cheap. easy to use. No dig—





 

 

 

 





Agents ging necessary. Special driving too!

free w1th orders of 100 or over

Willi“ Ask your dealer or write





H. C. WHITNEY In 00.. Mloh. Stole Agonlo.

31 Home Bank Bldg. Detroit. Mich.





 





ill will ll It.gill"illmllllililrip





 





 





J. M. PEEL a BRO., Bole Mfr-u Box 102, Marylvillo. 0.





Genasco





the Trinidad-Lake-Asplialt Roofing





You get real roof-economy in Genasco

—not in substitute ‘ ‘asphalt”, coal-tar,

or composition roofings. ._



The Kant-leak Kleet makes scams absolutely

watertight and preventsnail leaks. ‘





Write for the Good Roof Guide Book and

samples.





The Barber Asphalt Paving Company





Largest producers of asphalt, and largest

manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.





Philadelphin'





San Francisco





 





 





New York Chicago





 





Rider Agents Wanted





. -. In each town to ride an exhibit sample 19" bicy-

file. Write/or .rpzct'al (3",

Inc-t Guarantood \

1911 Model. '0 ‘0 $27

\- with Coaster-Brakes and Puncture-Proof tires.





1909 .1910 Modolo $7 to $12





all of boot make... ..





Second - ”and Whack





All makeo and model-



ood osnow...............f 31038



real: FACTORY OLEA , G SALE

‘ We 81!,” on ‘fpl' ' without a

‘vcent depun’t. [my I z [rag t, and allow



10 DA V 8‘ FREE TRIA L.

TIRES, ooaotor brake rooiflhoolo, lamps.

. sundries, parts and repairs for all makes of bicycles at

half u;ua_l priggx. DO NOT BUY until you get our

catalogues and offer. Write now





MEAD CYCLE co. Dept. ”In”. cutonoo.





 

 

 

 





 





 





THE IIRGES'I’ AND BEST LINE 01’





will. titan





have been mak-

ing it for over 20 years. Do not buy until you

see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14. - Send





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Austin Manufacturing 60.. Ghlcago





 





 





 





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That. beats them all. One horse on ..





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labor saver. Carries tgvthefihockif o twine. ..W riled