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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. CXXXVII, No. 17.;

Whole Nu‘mlier 3570.





FARM NOTES.





__.._





Silage Corn and Crop Rotation.





:1 have a 30-acre field on which I had

ensilage-corn last year. had a splendid

crop. ,Last year I manured the high

spots and planted ensilage corn this year,

with better results than last, the growth

being unusual. Would it be advisable to

use the same ground for the same crop

next year? If so, how long can Ifollow

this up providing I manure it well? It

is the most convenient field I have for the

purpose and I really need it for ensilage

corn, but thought possibly I might be

robbing the ground of some particular

ingredient that the manure would not re—

place in full. Also, if I use it for 1912

would you use fertilizer and if so, how

much per acre? The field is in good con-

dition and good soil, being a black loam

and just nice to work. Also, I have a

ten-acre field that is quite light and has

been run for years. Last year I sowed

it to soy beans and pastured it off with

hogs. This year I put in oats and peas

early and pastured it off with hogs until

August then sowed it with rape and later

turned in my lambs. They have it about

cleaned up now. I shall sow rye on it

for early sheep feed and then figure on

putting it into ensilage corn. What kind

of fertilizer should I use and how much?

I have two silos, holding about 325 tons,

which I am now filling (Oct. 7). It would

make some of your southern county

men take notice if they could see the

stand of corn I have.-



Ogemaw Co. W. H. S.





From the standpoint of the amount of

plant food removed from the soil, corn

may ,be considered an exhaustIVe crop.

It has been ascertained that a crop of 50

bushels of shelled corn per acre will, in-

cluding the stalks, remove from the soil

on an average 80 lbs. of nitrogen, 29 lbs.

of phosphoric acid and 55 lbs. of potash.

HOWevcr. the corn plant is a good Iorager

and hasalong growing season, for which

reason it reduces the immediately avail-

able fertility less than some of the more

shallow rooting grain crops.



The fertility removed in a crop of silage

corn would probably be in somewhat

different proportions, due to the fact that

more nitrogen would be required to grow

a heavy'tonnage of leaves and stalks

than would be required 'for the grain

crop, while the mineral elements would

not be drawn upon to a proportionately

increased degree. Much of the nitrogen

required would be provided by the appli-

cation of stable manure as contemplated

in this case. The stable





DETROIT, Mica. SATURDAY, car. 2:. 1911.





are this year experimenting with this

combination as a cover crop sown in the

corn to be plowed down for ensilage corn

again next year. By the growing of such

a cover crop, by the liberal application

of stable manure, and with a moderate

application of fertilizer, it has been

found entirely practicable to grow en—





down and the ground fitted for corn. The

fact that corn may be grown in this man-

er for successive years with entire feas-

ibility is no argument against the crop

rotation theory. *It simply illustrates the

necessity of using some means to keep

the soil in a good mechanical condition,

and well supplied with humus and avail-





 





 





 





A Season of Extremes in Moisture Emphasizes the Importance of Tile Drains.

(See Notes on Tile Drainage, Page 330).





silage corn on the same ground for sev-

eral years in succession, and not only pre-

vent a decrease in the yield but to actu-

ally secure better crops.



The actual plant food requirements of

different soils vary greatly and as these

can only be determined accurately by

experimentation, the best plan would be

to use a standard grain fertilizer, putting

on say about 500 pounds per acre broad-

cast after the manure had been plowed





able plant food where a crop rotation is

not employed.

Seeding Alfalfa in Wheat.



I have a six-acre field sown with wheat

this fall. The soil is a heavy clay, Well

drained and in good condition. Would it

be advisable to seed this field to alfalfa

in the spring or would you advl o, -

with oats? Also state about w

would be the proper time for sei-



Monroe Co. 1‘. .



It does not seem to have been (-le-urly

demonstrated as ,\'n-t by Michigan experi-





 

 





 





manure would also tend

to keep the land in a good

mechanical condition and

well supplied with humus,

which is an important

factor in soil fertility.

Thus it is of consider-

able advantage to growa

leguminous cover crop in

the corn to be plowed

down for green manure

the following season

where the crop rotation

is to be abandoned and

the same field devoted to

corn for successive years,

as is contemplated and

seems desirable in this

case. In much of the

southeastern section of

the'country crimson clo-

Veris used for this pur-

pose, While in the more

Southern and central

states, and those of the

middle west, cowpeas or

soyibeans are utilized. It

is unlikely that these

crops ‘could be so employ-

ed in Michigan, especially

in dry seasons. It seems

inore likely that vetch

sown with rye would be

the best available legumi-

nous crop for this pur-

pose in Michigan, and,

some Michigan farmers





   





Utilizing the Sprayer Engine





to Advantage in “Buzzing” Up the Stove Wood without





 





Dlsmountlng It from Rig.





$1.00 A YEAR.

$2.75 5 YEARS.





once whether alfalfa can be successfully

seeded with wheat in the spring in an

average season or not. The writer has

known of instances where alfalfa was

mixed with the clover seed in seeding

wheat in the spring and a. fairly good

sprinkling of alfalfa was gotten in the

seeding. In other cases where the same

mixture has been sown there has been

practically no alfalfa present in the seed-

ing.



There is probably no doubt that when

a soil has become well inoculated with

the bacteria peculiar to the alfalfa plant,

this method of seeding will be much more

likely to be successful than where this is

not the case, as it would not be nearly as

practicable to inoculate the land with soil

from an alfalfa field where the seeding





" - is sown in wheat as where it is sown in





a spring grain crop such as oats or hur-

léy, when it can be harrowed mm the

surface. \\'hilo the knowledge gained

from experience in the sowing of alfalfa

in fall sown grain would lu- vuluuhle, we





do not believe it would llt‘ profitable to

undertake it on a large swulo. It, would

be better to sow alone without a nurse

crop or with a light seeding of cats or

barley at: the usual time of sowing these

grains in the spring. It would also be

well to take the. precaution of inoculating

the field with soil taken from a successful

alfalfa field or inoculate the seed with a.

pure culture of the bacteria peculiar to

the plant. It would also be a good plan

to sow lime on at least a portion of the

field to determine Whether lime is needed





on your soil for alfalfa, as is the case on





a good many farms in the state.





Deep vs. Shallow Fall Plowing.





Is deep fall plowing, just turning up a

half inch or so of the raw subsoil, good

practice here? Land to be planted to

corn, some to alfalfa and to be top-

dressed during the winter and spring.

Land varies all over the farm from sandy

loam to clay loam, with a sandy subsoil

to a clay subsoil. Some of the ground to

be plowed is corn stubble, some hay

meadow, other oat and wheat stubble. I

would be pleased to get enlightenment

about this as I hear a lot of talk against

it in this county. Am Minnesota S. -





M. graduate and was taught that it was;





all right in Minnesota.

Jackson Co. KY. M. H.





There is not a little difference of opin-

ion among successful farmers as to the

proper depth to plow for

good results. There is a.

growing impression, how-

ever, which is backed up

by many experiences that

{here was more truth

than its author realized

in Poor Richard's maxim,

“Plow deep while the

sluggard sleeps.” There

is no doubt, particularly

on deep and heavy or

rather impervious soils,

that deep plowing is ben-

eficial with many crops,

and particularly so in dry

seasons, as it increases

the ability of the soil to

store and hold a maxi—

mum amount of moisture

for the use of growing

crops when needed.



In his work on alfalfa,

Joseph E. \Ving refers to

the fact that European

farmers plow much deep-

er for this crop than is

the common practice in

America, and in another

work gives examples of

caSes where he has seen

the crop succeed where





turned to the surface. ,

The new deep tilling m‘a-V

chine is claimed. to give

Very profitable results on

the deeper soils by stir-





 





 





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.mm,-». , .

._._... .._.«..m-. ,_..__.,_ “wages-firrm—a





considerable raw soil was '
330 - (2)





ring and mixing the soil to a much great- ‘

er depth than the ordinary plow will run,

and these claims appear to be backed up

by many who have experimented with

this method.



On the other hand, deep .and shallow

plowing have in other cases given similar

results in seasons where the rainfall was

fairly plentiful and well distributed. How-

ever, the gradual deepening of the soil

by plowing below the old furrows is a

practice which is approved by many good

authorities and which, in the writer's

opinion, would certainly be beneficial

rather than harmful where the land is to

be top-dressed with stable manure over

winter.



Cutwcrms.



Would like you to tell me how to get

rid of cutworms. I have 1% acres of

high sandy land that I plant to musk-





melons every year and fertilize with barn

manure each year, about 50 loads to the





acre. This year the cutworms almost

took my crop. '\\'ould it do any good

to fall plow, then plow again in the





spring just before planting? Any infor—

mation as to how to get rid of these pests

will be thankfully received.



Macomb Co. S. L. J.





There is no better remedy than fall

plowing to rid the ground of any kind of

destructive larvae. in a case of this

kind, where there has been an excessive

quantity of stable manure app‘ied in

successive years, it might be more bene-

ficial to omit the stable manure next

year and fertilize with commercial fer-

tilizer, fitting the ground for the crop

without replowing, although the stable

manure may be applied during the winter

, and then plowed down just before plant-

ing as suggested, with a fair prospect of

minimizing the damage from these insect

pests.



The Production of Timothy Seed.



What would be considered a good yield

of timothy seed per acre?



Kent Co. M. D. C‘.



Instances have been reported where as

much as seven or eight bushels of seed

have been threshed from an acre of tim-

othy, but from three to four bushels is

considered a geod crop, four bushels be-

ing above the average, while in many

cases not more than two bushels per acre

are grown, even under favorable condi-





tions. The crop of timothy seed has been

light for some years, either due to the

small amount grown for seed, or poor

yields, which accounts for the unusually





high price of seed at the present time.





NOTES ON TILE DRAINAGE.



The importance of tile drainage is so

well known that no attempt will be made

here to elongate on that phase. Tile

drains are a good investment in time of

excessive moisture and also in time of

dry weather. However. there is far less

written in the agricultural press on this

vital subject than many others. One

reason perhaps is, that in a great many

places drains are not absolutely neces-

sary owing to the composition of the soil

and the topography of the ground. Soil

that is underlain by limestone, sand or

gravel near the surface, or any soil that

does not have a tenaciaus and impervious

subsoil does not need tile. but either for-

tunately or unfortunately, in many places

tile drains are one of the best

ments the land owner can make.



Why tile drains are a good investment

in time of heavy rains is apparent. W'hile

on the other hand, tile drains supply air

and oxygen to plants in time of dry

weather which is essential. The necessity

of a goodly amount of air in the soil is

as important to the life of plants on up-

land as is water. Therefore, when seeds

placed under otherwise good conditions,

if free oxygen, is completely out off ger-

mination and growth will not take place:

then, if seeds have begun to sprout and

the supply of oxygen is cut, off they will

not develop.



life are located on a farm underlain by

limestone that has a level to slightly roll-

ing topography. The limestone varies

from eight to 20 feet to the surface and

the farm needed drainage badly. Some

12 years ago we had placed 350 rods of

tile on the farm, our first effort. The

farm was operated by the writer’s father

who begun farming in the forest ”and

never laid any drains but made a few

open ditches and used to say, “I will get

it ready to tile and someone else may

tile it." Since the first tile were laid we

have laid a few drains each year.



We have outlined a system for the

farm and are working with that end in

view. We have a splendid outlet for the

tile—one of the most important things to

take into consideration.



We have been tiling new fields each

year with the outlet in ditches other than

the main one, until this year when the





invest-





r .





THE MiCH‘iGAN FARMER.





outlet was to be in the tile placed some

12 years ago. The first work was sys—

tematically performed by a good, honest

workman and this year we emptied some

new tile into the first laid. When we

dug down to these tile they were work-

ing perfectly. They are about four feet

deep. The photo shows two of the men

at work in the ditch in a fine clover field.

The men are taking out the first and sec-

ond spades: and the ditch shown is about

four feet deep when completed.



The mistake we made this year in all

our ditching was. that we did not begin

early enough in the season as the clever

shown soon grew to such an extent that

much of it was destroyed when laying

and covering the tile, while on other parts

of the farm plowing for corn was retard-

ed very materially, owing to the laying of

drains. Tile being extremely difficult to

procure made the delay. Next year we

Will begin tiling in late winter or at times

when the weather will permit.



In another section of the farm, where

we joined some new tile to the old ones

laid some eight years ago, we found the

old tile in some places to have four inches

of clay in them. They were ten-inch tile.

Vile were compelled to take up and clean

out about 12 rods of these tile. The 10-

inch tile joined onto a Y sewer and here

we found much clay. The junction of tile

coming‘into the Y were in too deep and

caused the trouble. Vi'e placed the tile

back again and made a silt well where

the sewer was. This well, we have every

reason to believe, will catch all the silt

and will be cleaned out at intervals. For

good results never have a spur coming

into a main (tile on the same level, but

a few inches higher. This is one import-

ant lesson we learned and we want to

pass it on, but hereafter we will over-

mme clogged tile by the use of a slit

well.



Some explanation of a slit well might

be "i interest. Vi‘hen a string of tile is

running in say a westward direction and

another comes from the south that is to

empty into the east and west tile, a silt

well should be provided right at the end

of the south string in the line of the east

and west drain. The well may be made

thus: Dig out a hole about 20 inches

square and two feet deeper than the bot—

tom of the tile. This size was for our

10-inch tile and the size of the well will

depend upon the size of the tile in use.

New make a box of either good, sound

timber or cement, from the bottom of

the hole made, as high as the top of the

tile. Make three holes in this box. one

that the water from the east may empty

into the well and one that the water from

the south may also empty therein and the

third opening that the water in the box

may flow out. All silt will be deposited in

this well and no tile will be clogged. The

box, of course, must have a cover that

can be removed to permit cleaning the

well.



In conclusion: Lay tile drains. Get

them on the ground early in the season;

have them put in carefully without sharp

angles and curves; have them level with

as much fall as possible and where there

are any junctibns provide silt wells and

then the tile will not only give you big

dividends but your posterity as well.



Ohio. I. G. SHELLABAnGEn.





 





 





ALFALFA lN SHIAWAssEE COUNTY.





 





i’i‘e have one small field of alfalfa that

has been into this crop for about six

years. it is in an out of the way place,

2142 acres by exact measure, that has been

generally regarded as a piece of land not

up in fertility to the average of the farm.

This piece has been out three times this

season and we have a fourth crop ready

now to be‘cut. ‘We have already hauled

14 loads of hay off this little piece this

year. One load was driven on the scales

to give us an idea and it weighed 3.070

lbs. net. I would not say that the loads

were all as large but I think there is no

question but they averaged 11,; tons each,

easily.



This bit of testimony is not given for

those who stoutly affirm that alfalfa is

not a success in Michigan, but to help

those of us who have faith in and believe

Michigan as a state equal to the best,

to recognize our opportunities, and as far

as possible live up to them.



Shlawassee Co. C. B. COOK.





BEAN CROP OBSERVATIONS.





 





The most noticeable landscape feature

to be seen from the car window as the

writer passed through several counties of

east central mchtgan. was a saturated

sell over which were scattered a par--

tialiy harvested bean crop. It was no,





.erate in filling them.





uncommon sight to see piles of beans

resting in and partly covered with water;

Fine weather is a much to be desired con-

dition while the harvesting of any crop

is in progress, and this is especially true

of the bean crop. Around the section of

country where we are spending a few

weeks, (southwest St. Clair county), there

are hundreds of acres of beans lying ex-

posed to heavy rains with but little

show of improvement in weather condi-

tions. Some fields of beans are yet stand-

ing and these have a much better show-

ing than those fields where the crop is

lying in small piles on a. saturated soil.

Just what the loss to the present sea-

son's bean crop will be because of the

unpropituous weather during harvest will

never be exactly known. That this loss

will be large, and that the shortage in

the bean crop, arising through this loss

must be instrumental in creating higher

values is certain. These frequent and

copious showers are interfering with the

harvesting of other crops also, and de-

laying all farm operations in general.

There is a considerable quantity of clover

seed yet in the field though some of the

crop has been gotten in between show-

ers. It is said that there is no great

loss without some small gain and it is

so in the present instance. The abundant





rains have promoted a good growth of‘





wheat and new grass seedings and pas-

tures are at their best.

Emmett C0. M. N. EDGARTON.





 





 





FILLING THE SILO.





 





It may strike the reader at first that

this topic is a little untimely, as the silos

are all filled for thisyear, but the thought

comes to me that just now, when the ex-

perience of the season of corn-harvesting

is fresh in our minds, is an ideal time to

discuss this question. '



The man who has a silo is anxious to

fill it as cheaply as he can, and the man

who has not has watched his more for-

tunate neighbor, considering whether or

not he could afford to build one and giv-

ing much thought to the matter of getting

it filled.



In a community where silos are plenti-

ful, it is possible to hire this work done

at a fair price. There are some difii-

culties to be encountered, however. The

owner of the machine is anxious to do

as much work as he can and it is often

impossible to secure him at the time when

the corn is in proper condition to har-

vest for ensilage. Again, he may come

at a time when it is very difficult to se-

cure labor to cut and draw the corn.



Individuals are often urged to buy ma-

chines of their own and be independent.

But'this plan is expensive. When a man

has put all his ready money into a silo

and borrowed a little besides, he, hardly

feels like investing two or three hundred

dollars more in machinery to fill it. It is

'this very fact that keeps many a farmer

from putting up a silo who otherwise

would have had one years ago. '



A larger percentage of the farmers in

this locality have silos than in any other

in which I have ever been. I have stud-

ied the question of filling a great deal

and am convinced that the most econom-

ical and practical method for the small

dairyman is to co-opcrate with his neigh-

bor in doing this work. It has been my

privilege to belong to a company of this

sort for years and every season strength—

ens the conviction that we are filling our

silos in the best way possible under the

circumstances. There are nine of us in

the company and we could admit two or

three more if necessary. We have solved

the labor problem; we have enough men

in our company so that it is rarely neces-

sary to secure any help from outside. But

the practice of exchanging work has an—

other advantage. It is a means of educa-

tion. Every man in the company is {3'

miliar with every silo. If there is one

that possesses advantages over his own.

he knows it and can profit by it. He sees

every field of com. If his corn is not as

good as his neighbor’s, he may learn why

and do better next year. If some mem-

ber of the company has planted a new

variety, the others all see it harvested

and learn its merits or demerits, as the

case may be. .



But it is often impossible to secure so

large a number of men in one neighbor-

hood, who have silos or who will 00-09-

It is a question

whether there is any great advantage in

so large a company. The plan works

well. but a smaller company might be

equally satisfactory. Instead of purchas-

ing a large machine which, like ours.

would handle practically all the oornk that

could be gotten to It. the smaller com-

pany might purchase a lighter machine.





001‘. 21, 1911. "





Four or five men could unite; purchase a

six-horsepower gasoline engine and a-

small ensllage cutter and fill their silos

very economically. Indeed. it is doubt-

ful if they could not do the work as

cheaply and as well in this way as it

could be done in a. large company, '0!

course, it would take longer to fill each

silo, but less men would be required and

more time would be possible for the set-

tling of the ensilage. When a silo is

filled rapidly, it will settle a good deal,

and if the owner wishes to put more corn

in he must get the machine back and

refill. If he is unable to do this for some

time, the top of the ensilage will spoil

and have to be thrown off before the

process of refilling begins. If the work

proceeds slowly, more time is allowed

for settling and consequently more corn

can be put into the silo at the first fill-

ing. A small machine can be moved more

easily than a large one and this is an

item worth considering. Our cutter

weighs about 1,600 lbs., and we move it

quite readily as we have mounted it on

a truck made from two old mower wheels. .

I like this plan of mounting very much,

be the machine large or small. Wheels

like these can be obtained for a nominal

price in any neighborhood and the mak—

ing of a suitable frame to sustain the

machine is the work of only a few hours.

I would not think of lifting a machine

on and off a wagon every time it was

used.



The distributor is a somewhat new in-

vention but I would certainly have one.

If the man inside the silo understands

how to operate it, it is an excellent thing.

All parts of the corn plant are thorough-

ly mixed and by the rapid falling of the

ensilage through the distributor, packing

is greatly facilitated. If a distributor is

used, great care should be taken to se-

cure the elbow where it joins the blower-

pipe. In fact, this should be done in any

case as otherwise it is apt to be blown

off, though this is not so likely to occur,

where the distributor is not attached.

Dangerous accidents sometimes happen

from the blowing off of the elbow at the

top of the pipe. A man of our acquaint:

ance, not far from here, narrowly es-

caped a serious injury this fall when

an elbow was precipitated to the ground

and struck his head in passing. Where

the distributor is used, there is little

danger of accident, as the elbow, if blown

off, cannot fail, but if it happens very

often, it will occasion a loss of time that

is not quite as serious as a. broken head,

but nearly as exasperating.



Where a large cutter is used, a traction

engine is a convenient power if it can be

obtained without too great expense, but

it has its drawbacks. It is hard to move

over roads that have recently been Worked

and sometimes delay may be occasioned

on account of the condition of the roads.

A gasoline engine and a small cutter can

be moved from place to place without

consuming any considerable time. Two

or three men can afford to purchaSe such

an outfit if no more 'can be induced to

unite with them, in which case it will

not be long until their wisdom will be

demonstrated in the neighborhood and

their numbers will increase.



Oceana Co. W. F. TAYIDR.





sov BEANS IN THE CROP ROTATION.





Can soy beans be sown early enough in

the spring to cut for hay and fit the

ground in time for wheat in the fall?

How much seed is required and what is

the usual cost per bushel?



SUBSCRIBER.



Soy beans can be sown early enough to

cut for hay and still give time to fit the

land for wheat in the fall. Where this is

contemplated the beans should be sewn

not later than June. They can then be

cut for hay any time after August 30,

which would give plenty of time to fit the

land for wheat. The roots of the beans

have about the same effect on the soil

as clever roots would have, since they

gather nitrogen in the same manner as

clever, by means of bacteria which form

nodules on the roots.



About corn planting time is as early as

the crop should be sewn, since, like corn,

soy beans require a warm soil. This yearc‘

I sowed 11,1, and 1% bushels per acre.

sowing with a grain drill over the entire

ground and covering the seed about two

inches deep. However. unless the ground

is free from weeds. it would be better to

sow the drills, say about 28 inches apart.

and cultivate. This would allow room for

the beans to branch out more. and I be—

lieve would give nearly as much feed a

If sown broadcast. Anyway this method

would settle the weed question. My need

has cost me from $2.50 to $3 per bushel.



St. Clair Co. a. A. BALD“.
OCT. 21, 1.911-





BRAIN AND BRAWN.





 





“It is better to wear out than to rust

out,” hums the old “saw.” Better still

to do neither. However, too many of our

farmers are exerting themselves to the

utmost to do both; wear out their bodies

and rust out their brains.



- As a rule, we try to do altogether too

much of our own farm work. It is com-

mendable to have lots of pride in having

the work done right, by doing it ourselves,

but beware lest it becomes a “grind”

and terminates in a physical breakdown.



There is a business side to farming

today, and an important side, too, and it

is the brain that handles this side. There

are few men who, with an utterly “fagged

out” body can possess the brain ability

to handle the business side to the best

advantage. For, if the body be tired, so

the brain will be also.



We have the binder, hay loader, slings

and all the other labor—saving devices of

the farm; now let us leave the mostly

mechanical operation of these tools to

those who will do only this class of work,

and set our brains to work, not to rust

“on the job.” The usual objection is,

that help cannot be found. Yes it can,

if you are big enough for the job at all,

and this is one of the “brain jobs.”



Yes, but many will say that it will not

pay out. I answer that it will as surely

pay out as that brain pays out over

brawn. There are a lot of jobs on which

we can set our brains at work, mighty

profitable jobs at that, and the longer

our brain is on the job the more readily

will it find them. I do not believe there

is a spot between the poles where oppor-

tunity is not poking about some corner.

Let your brain loose on it.



When I was a boy I heard a very suc-

cessful old farmer, (old, I say, he was

probably fifty, and he seemed old at that

time, to me), remark that the first thou—

sand dollars was harder to get than the

next five thousand, and I wondered there-

at. I now understand. He didn’t work

five times as hard; he simply formed a

partnership between his thousand dollars

and his brain.



Now I don’t mean by this that we are

to sit down and boss the job from a ham-

mock or an easy chair. \Vork is all right

but in moderate doses, and never to the

point of physical exhaustion, for it means

loss .of brain power. This is an age of

thinkers and thinking and there is no

class of men better placed for the exer-

cise of this gift than the farmer. So

work moderately. if you will, but never at

the expense of that most wonderful crea-

tion, your brain.



Isabella Co. WM. J. Coormn.





STOPPING LEAKS.





 





If the old saying, that small leaks sink

the ship, is true then it is important to

look after those small leaks, and there

are usually quite a good many on the

average farm; in themselves, some are so

small they seem unimportant, but taken

together they often spell the difference

between success and failure.



One farmer has no water in his pas-

ture, and all summer the stock could

drink but twice a day, and during the

hot weather, when brought up at night

would run to the water and drink, and

drink till they could hold no more, filling

up on several gallons of cold water. I

have a notion that the cream check would

have been larger each week if the cows

could have had free access to water, or

had been driven up at noon. There are

many pastures without water, and cattle

suffer the same as do humans if denied

a drink when thirsty. I know a well

costs money, but the lack of one does,

too, though it may not show up so plainly.

If a well in the pasture cannot be had

then it would be better to drive the cat—

tle up at noon, instead of leaving them

for so many hours without drink. I have

known of sheep being left in pasture

without water for weeks and weeks, the

owner declaring that “sheep didn’t re-

quire water,” perhaps they can exist

without it, but I am sure they would have.

done better, and given their owner a bet—

ter income if they could have had water,

and I am certain they would have been

more comfortable. Increase of comfort

for any animal on the farm means more

profit from that animal, there is no get-

ting around that fact.



One man knows that wheat makes the

hens lay good, so he buys wheat and feeds

his flock, and the egg basket is kept full

and he brags about his hens, but the

growing chickens, and the old hens that

will soon be taken to market, are with





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





full, but it would fill the pocketbook full-

er. Clear, good wheat at eighty cents a

bushel is rather expensive chicken feed,

and especially so for 'a. mixed flock.



The worst leak on the farm, I think, is

scrub stock; few farmers realize what a

price poor stock costs them. The big-

boned, long-horned cow may, when fat-

tened, make alot of beef, but as a dairy

animal she is far from being a. success.

She will consume more feed than the

pure-bred Jersey, and not yield half the

income. While the increase from the

former is worth whatever the butcher

will give, the calves from the latter will

make desirable additions to the herd, or

can usually be sold, at several times the

price the scrub will bring. At the pres-

ent time good heavy farm teams are

worth from $400 to $500, and are hard to

find even at those figures, though one

can get any quantity of scrubs at about

half that price. It costs little more to

raise the $250 horse than it does the $125

scrub, and there is a whole heap more

satisfaction in the good colt and horse

than in the poor one, satisfaction as well

as hard dollars. The big-boned, long-

nosed, razor-backed sow, that can root a

fence down or jump over it cannot com-

pete with the pure-bred swine, and the

man who keeps the former is certainly

neglecting to stop the leaks, and to his

cost. Scrub sheep and scrub chickens

come in the same class with cattle, horses

and hogs; though a flock of mixed chick—

ens, of half a dozen different breeds, and

no breed at all, may supply a lot of the

spice of life, by way of variety, yet they

will supply fewer dollars at the end of

the season, than the pure-bred fowls, and

will consume as much, or more, feed.

Poor seed as well as poor stock makes

leaks on the farm; the farmer who goes

to his crib: or bins for seed because it is

cheaper than to pay someone a good

price for seed, is not only neglecting to

stop leaks, but is actually making more

of them. The time has gone by when any

little, old potato is good enough for seed,

or any good ripe ear from the crib will

suffice for the planting. Our fathers did

that way, and we cannot blame them for

they knew no better, but it would be

sheerest folly for us to select our seed

that 'way.



There are many other leaks on the farm

to be looked after, such as the neglect of

crops when they should be cultivated, or

when they are ready to harvest, the leav—

ing of vehicles and tools exposed to the

weather. A fine big maple tree is a good

thing, but was never intended as a shelt~

er for a binder, though I recently saw

one put to such a use, weeks after har-

vest was over. The farmer who is the

most successful is the one who looks after

the small matters, stops the small leaks.



Eaton Co. APOLLOS LONG.

RESULTS OF DISSEMINATING AGRI-



CULTURAL INFORMATION.



An investigation by the Department of

Agriculture into the extent of the opera-

tion of agricultural instruction trains in

the United States reveals he fact that 52

of the leading railroad companies had

engaged in this form of disseminating

agricultural information during the fiscal

year which ended June 30, 1910. The

number of cars employed aggregated 239,

an average of 4.6 cars per train. The 52

trains traversed altogether during the

year 40,771 miles of track. One thousand,

seven hundred and ninety-three stops,

ranging from 40 minutes to two days

each, were made, during which lectures

upon agriculture and domestic science

topics were delivered, demonstrations

made and exhibits of animals, charts,

and agricultural products.



“'hat. such work has accomplished

may be illustrated by the experience of

one company which for eight years has

been engaged in organizing farmers’ as-

sociations in the districts through which

it runs, until now there is hardly a town

of 300 people on that line which has not

an active association of farmers for the

promotion of diversified crops. The re—

sult has been that the road in 1904

hauled in about 90 days, 3,500 cars of

truck and fruit as against almost none

five or six years before. Another com-

pany reports an increase in business of

over 100 per cent in five years as the

result of its efforts. Still another rail-

road, in a locality adapted to the growth

of strawberries agreed to furnish plants

and send an expert to instruct the farm-





,ers how to plant and grow this fruit.





Eighty-six acres were put out the first

year, and the yield was nine carloads.

In 1904, about 1,000 acres were planted





l





u,





Ru nabout

fully

equipped





$750





F. O. B.

Detroit





 





For three years the Hupmobile has

been showing more people every

year what economy in motor car

operation really is.





The first cost of the Hupmobile is less

than the annual depreciation of many

heavier cars—to say nothing of the

expense of running them.





And, by the way, $750 or $900 for a

Hupmobile brings you everything you

require in the way of equipment.





As‘for cost of operation—many farmers

are running their Hupmobiles o n

average roads, for as low as 25 cents

a day for gasoline and oil.





It is no uncommon thing for a Hupmo-

bile to travel 3000 to 5000 miles with-

out a tire puncture—and 10000 on





Runabout—4 cylinders, 20 H. P., Bosch magneto, sliding gear hammiuion. Price include-

top, windshield. gas lamps and generator; three oil lamps, tools and horn.

Touring Car, same equipment, $900. Interchangeable wagon bodyifor farm use, $25 extra.





Touring C or





/ © / eqftliglyied





$3.2."





Detroit





one set of tires. That means more

than a whole year’s use in the service

of the average car owner.





Hupmobile simplicity and strength re-

duce repairs to the veryminimum.

With ordinary care the majority of

Hupmobile users run their cars an

entire season without repairs of any

but the most trivial sort.





It is ready to show you——and to show

you the infinite advantages and

pleasures of having a car at your

disposal.





The catalog will help you to under-

stand why; and the Hupmobile

dealer can further enlighten you.





Write today for the catalog and the

name of your dealer.





Hupp Motor Car Company 1258 Jefferson An, Detroit, Mich.





 





azecwmnmmmazzrmswmmwuwmnnz. C ' ‘ ‘ .... . . .





 





 





Cafe if you choose





LEHICH





 





Build Your





Watering Troughs of Concrete





All thrifty farmers are building their watering troughs ofconcrete. There

is a reason. Concrete does not rot, leak or rust. Once built of concrete, your

trough, will last indefinitely, and there will be no upkeep cost. The same

qualities make it the perfect material for feed troughs, fence posts, silos and

farm building work in general. In concrete construction the most important

thing to consider is the cement. Be sure to use the right brand—you are





PORTLAND

CEMENT





It has been on the market for 14 years, and its quality is therefore

unquestioned. If you use Lehigh you may be sure ofa cement that has all the

qualifications for making the strongest and best concrete.





It is most important that your sand and gravel





 





 





are right before you start your work. Write us today

for our book, The Modern Farmer, which tells how

to test your sand to see ifit is clean and your gravel

to see ifit is free from impurities. It is sent free on

request.





LElllGfl PORTLAND CEMENT

CGMPANY

(11 Mills—11,000,000 bbls. yearly capacity)

534 Peoples Gas Dido” Chicago





 





U





POQELLA N o

b Wins

a e ,





Z





 





 





 





OOD '





   





   





THE llRGES‘I’ IND BEST LINE 0F





“_ WELL DRILLING





M AC H I N E R Y iifiemfiéff'ml'fi





" 1., , lngit for over 20 years. Do not buy until you





I .. ~59; , ' ' see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14. Send

. fill the basket, and all et and '0 ca 1 w l - N ammo mcuur. oconnsn om: mm

the hens that g 0 r oads ere sh pped, the next l'J‘t.‘..§£”§'en‘ci for PM can!" No E“ showy” low moi foritnow. ltis FR E





E .

the same ration, just wheat. A mixed year 130 carloads and in 1906 between dtesflmomls fromthousands. Firstorder sccuresagcncy.

ration might not an the basket quite so 250 and 300 carloads. G. E. M. ,E'Lumnmmuh. Co., 161W. HmilouSt..Chicuo,lfl. Anni“ Manufacturing 00., chla‘“
332 (4) ' \





 





W





w

’ , .

P 7‘

>

r - '





ECONOMY IN WINTER FEEDING.





 





Under the conditions which prevail this

season, economy in winter feeding is

even more essential than in the average

season, and profit in feeding live stock

always depends largely upon the degree

of economy with which they are fed.

True economy in feeding does not mean

feeding sparingly, but rather getting a

maximum of results at a minimum of

cost. Nor is this so easy of accomplish-

ment that little thought need be spent

upon it. It is a problem worthy of most

careful thought and persevering study on

the part of every live stock owner. The

first factor to be taken into account is

the home-grown feeds which are avail-

able for winter feeding. and which per—

haps may best be considered separately.



The Corn Crop.



The corn crop is, upon most farms, the

most productive source of Winter feed,

and a great variety of methods are em-

ployed in its use. Unquestionably, the

most economic method of feeding the

corn crop is in the form of silage, a fact

of which a larger percentage of live

stock owners and feeders, as well as

those who make a specialty of dairying.

have become convinced, and more silos

have been built upon Michigan farms this

year than in any previous year in the

history of silo development. it is now

too late to provide a silo for this year’s

use, if that has not already been done,

and it remains for the farmer who has

no silo to make the best possible dispo-

sition of his corn crop.



The greatest economy to be attained

in feeding the corn crop depends upon a

number of factors. When the crop is to

be fed to fattening steers, or even store

cattle, when labor is considered, it has

been demonstrated that feeding the corn

from the shock or bundle as it comes

from the binder, is good economy. The

writer has fed a great deal of corn in

this manner with very good results, not

only to cattle but also to sheep and

horses. It is doubtful, however, wheth-

er as great economy in the fodder value

of the corn can be secured by this meth-

od as by shredding the stalks. Of course,

the economy of the practice of husking

with a machine husker depends some-

what upon weather conditions. The stalks

must be thoroughly dry or the fodder

will not keep well in the mow. Should

the rainy weather which has prevailed in

recent weeks continue, care should be

exercised in selecting the time for this

work, and if it is delayed too late snow

often comes and further delays the work.

\Vhere the corn is set up in large shocks,

however, this problem of outside moisture

is not. so serious and there is certain to

be a time. when this work can be safely

done. if calculations are rightly made.

ltather more of the. fodder will be eaten

and relished by the stock where it is

shredded and the residue makes the best

of bedding, a commodity which is scarce

upon many farms where grain farming

is not followed.



The same. factors should be considered

in the problem of feeding grain whole or

ground. \Vhere the grain is cheap and

plentiful or where there are sufficient

hogs to follow the cattle, it can be eco-

nomically fed without grinding, and

where this is not the case it will pay, in

a season of high—priced corn, to have

more of this grain feed ground than in a

normal season.



' The Coarser Feeds.



The straw, and especially oat straw,

will be more generally utilized as feed

for live stock this year than is usually

the case, and, Where judiciously used,

even wheat or rye straw can be utilized

for this purpose to some extent. Some

years ago the writer had a surplus of

stock and was short on feed, and rye

straw was made the principal roughage

ration for 10 head of horses and colts for

many months. \Vhere a roughage ration

containing so much crude fibre is used,

something must be fed with it to count—

erbalance this effect. In this case the

straw was cut in a cutting box, moisten-

ed and mixed up with the grain feed,

which consisted of a mixture of ground

rye, corn meal. bran and oil meal. Some

roots were fed in connection with this

ration, a very little hay and corn fodder

being fed once a day in addition, the rye

straw otherwise forming the entire rough-

age feed. Of course, grain had to be fed

more liberally than if a better roughage

ration had been available. but the grain

could be secured more easily than the





hay, and the horses were carried through

with no bad results from this method of

feeding. other 'than some irritation of

their mouths caused by the rye beards.

The same method could be used to good

advantage when feeding wheat straw to

cattle where that is necessary. Sheep

will take less kindly to a wet feed of this

kind and it would not, in the writer’s

opinion, pay to attempt it.



Where bean fodder is available it can

be made a valuable factor in the rough-

age ration, especially for sheep, although

bean fodder should not be fed as an ex-

clusive roughage to any kind of stock.

0n farms where sugar beets are grown

the beet tops should be utilized, al-

though care should be exercised not'to

feed too heavily, and especially to the

sheep, as they sometimes produce dele—

terious resutls when so fed.



Balancing the Ration.



On many farms the practice of feeding

the coarse feeds such as described above,

during the early part of the feeding sea-

son and feeding hay after they are gene,

is not an economic one. It would be

better to distribute the hay throughout

the season, feeding it in connection with

the other roughage, thus adding a great-‘

er variety to the ration and producing

better results than where the coarser

feeds are fed exclusively. The grain ra-

tion should, of course, be compounded

with the idea of supplying deficiencies

in the roughage ration, and giving a

proper balance to the total nutrients fed.

More protein should be used where clover

hay is available as a large factor in the

ration and this should be secured at the

lowest possible cost.



The bean‘growers of Michigan have

been unfortunate this year in having their

crop badly damaged by the wet weather

which prevailed during bean harvesting

time. Their loss will be the stock feeli—

crs’ gain, since cull beans make a very

good source of protein in feeding either

sheep or hogs. The various concentrates,

or some of them, will also need to be

used, and of these, oil meal is the best

adapted to feed with coarse feeds, since

it has a slight laxative effect which is

beneficial where the roughage contains a

great deal of crude fiber. Bran is also

nearly indispensable under these condi-

tions,’"and, although high in price, should

be utilized in limited Iquantities. Some

form of succulent feed should also be

provided for best results. Roots will

serve a very good purpose in place of

silage where they ’are‘ available, and

where they are not the beet pulp which

is a by-product of the sugar factories,

can be used with profit.



Liberality in feeding is also a factor in

economy, since it is only by feeding an

animal a quality and amount of feed

which approximates its requirements that

profitable results can be secured. It is

not a simple proposition, even under nor-

mal conditions, to attain a maximum of

economy in winter feeding, but it is

much more difficult where the best of

feeds are not available in sufficient quan~

tities, as is the case upon many farms

this year; hence, the desirability of de-

voting more than ordinary thought and

attention to this problem just now.



RAISING FALL PIGS.



I am aware that there are a good

many good swine breeders, and good

farmers, who decry raising fall Digs. They

contend that cold winter weather is det-

rimental to the pigs and they do not

thrive well. The trouble is in the, man-

agement of the breeding stock and the

pigs. The fault is not with the season.



There are several reasons why a larger

percentage of pigs farrowed in the fall

are raised than in the spring. In the

first place, e sows usually roam in the

fields in the summer time, get plenty of

exercise. are allowed the privilege of

subsisting on a great variety of feed and

much of it is of a succulent nature. In

the second place, during the autumn

months the farrowing pens are more

comfortable, and a greater amount of

pure air can be allowed to circulate in

them than is likely to be the case in

early spring. As the weather is more

comfortable than in the early spring the

pigs get out and exercise while young

and, as the milk is abundant and thin-

ncr than when the sows are fed on dry

feed, there is less danger from some dis-

eases such as the thumps while the pigs

are. small. -



leing the Pigs an Early Start.



One fact should be kept in mind: Suc-

cess in raising fall pigs depends on giv-

ing the pigs an early start in order to

get them to a size to withstand the cold

weather before the cold weather comes.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





   

 





Let us remember that as the pig is bent

the hog is inclined. The bent of the pig

depends on his ancestral influences and

on the care he has while young. If 1e8-

lected while young his ancestral influ-

ences may help him some if conditions

are improved later, but he can never be

as good a hog, in every way, as if he had

been given reasonably good care all

along. If given a full stomach of good

food all along he will be in a condition

to withstand cold weather. If farrowed

near the first of October and kept grow-

ing along he ought to reach 76 or 80 lbs.

weight by the first of January and be on

the side of hoghood by the time "winter

begins to strengthen" and hold us in a

firm grasp of cold weather for two or

three months more.



As the sow has had succulent feed all

along which enables herto give a large

flow of milk the succulent feed should be

continued in order to enable her to give

a good supply of milk to expand the

stomachs of the pigs and enable them

to be heavy consumers of feed. As the

pigs are allowed to run at will they will

begin to bite at the grass and cheW on

things that are palatable as food. Young

pigs begin to eat much earlier than most

people think they do. When I hear peo-

ple tell about pigs not being old enough

to eat until they are four weeks old, I

think they have never noticed the little

fellows at two to three weeks of age

chewing on kernels of corn that they

chance to come across while wandering

around the farm yards.





Give Them 3 Creep.



If we wait for the pigs to begin to eat

with the mother we will have to wait too

long, for they will not eat the common

feeds such as are given the older hogs

until driven to eating by severe hunger.

There is too much difference in'the taste

of the common sour feeds and the milk

which they get from the mother. But if

we fix up a dainty mess the case is dif-

ferent: they will begin to eat, because

they have found something that tastes

real good.



I like to put a shallow trough where

the other hogs can not get to it, and

the-n scald some fine middlings, stir in

some sweet milk, sweeten a little with

molasses, and put it in the trough while

warm, carefillffii‘it’e the 'piE's"oyer‘"the

trough and see one_ get a tastehsrnack

with eagerness to'wget more, and "then

see the whole litter pitch into the feed.

They will eat as long as they can swal-

low and go away but will come back in

a few hours.



One can easily regulate the number of

times of feeding the pigs per day. I us-

ually feed them twice, once in the fore-

noon and again in the afternoon, and if

fitting for Show once after the evening

meal. This feeding the pigs by them-

selves relieves the sow very much. Al-

though they will continue to nurse the

sow quite regularly, they do not draw as

heavily on her as when they are not fed

by themselves.



After the pigs have been fed the mid-

dlings food for two weeks some coarser

feeds can he added to advantage. Take

corn and cat chop, finely ground, sift

the cat hulls out and mix with an equal

amount of fine middlings and you have

an excellent grain feed. If this grain

feed is scalded and mixed with skim-

milk. you have a feed which will prO-r

mote a rapid growth. I am aware that

in the chop, middlings and skim—milk

there is a larger percentage of protein

than the feeding standards call for, but

the pigs can. and will, utilize it to their

advantage, as a trial will prove.



In feeding little pigs give onlytas much

at a time as they will eat up clean. If

any feed is left in the trough after they

are through eating clean it out, and be

sure to feed in a clean trough every

time. A clean trough tends to promote

the appetite with pigs as well as with

other kinds of animals.



As. the pigs have grass to eat while

running around in the fall, they will do

much better if supplied with some EOOd

forage feeds during the winter. A little

clover thrown to them on a clean 171309

or some sweet cornstalks will be relished.

If one wishes to take the trouble they can

chaff the clover and stalks and mix a lit-

tle in with the grain and slop feeds.



The pigs will not thrive if compelled

to sleep in a damp, cold place. Provide

them with a warm place that is high and

dry, and change the bedding often. When

made comfortable and well fed, the cold

weather is not a detriment to the pig

feeding business, but it promotes the ap-

petite and consequently rapid growth.

Treat the pigs kindly and they will be

easily handled.





Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





 

 





 





Disinfect .

Your Pens





0U can't fatten ho in a dirty pen. ‘ The

- hog housBshoul be sprayed an-

ally with r. Hess Di an Disinte it



not out to kill the lice an other verml bu



also to illthe disease genus whichresult om



sour swiil drippiugs. Lice hide under the



troughs and pen osts—swill drippings become



sour and cake giving oil foul. poisonous

odors which the boss inhale.





llr. [legs [lip [and

Disinfectant





is a positive vermin killer. an antiseptic and

powerful deodonzer. ltis non-ponsonous an

non-irritating and makes the most effective

dip for hogs. sheep, horses and cattle—spells

certain death to all parasites and keeps pens,

sewers. stablesI barnsBetc. clean

63 , and sweet sme lug. uild' a hog

' wallow and keep a solution of Dr.

Y. , j» Hess Dip and D smtectant for the

hogs to wallow in. Cures do:

mange and eczema. Meets the

U. S. requirements for sheep

scab—one gallon dip makes

70 to 100“ aliens solution. ' t

Writeior ree DipBookle





DR. "£881: cum:

4 Mini. out. , - —





 

 

 

 

 





 





car. 21. 1911.- ’-





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Proi. Beery’s Grand

Horse-Trainer’s Prospectus





Every horse owner should

get this book from Prof. Jesse '

Beet-y, King of Horse Trainers .





and. Horse Tamers. All who



love horses should learn the secret of subduing

and controlling balky, tricky, scary, vicious

horses Without the use of whips. curb bits and

other cruel devices. Every man who is looking

for a profession that pays $1,200 to$3.000 eyes!

at home or traveling should learn how

hundreds are making big ,

money as professional



Horse Trainers with the



aid of Prof. Boery’s won- ,





dertul system. TI‘IllI

Emmett. White; of Kaio- a Colt in

DB. Iowa, writes: “I would 8 Hours!





not. take $500 for whet. you

have taught: me. You’me‘y‘iudge of my success when

I tell you that. I have been able to buy a home and

an automobile solely through earnings as taught by

yourexoellent methods. I am proud of my profession.‘

A. L. Diokenson Friendship N. Y.. writes: "I am

orking a pair of horses that cleaned out several dif-

erenu men. got them and gave them a few lessons

and have been offered $400 for the pain I bought

them for 3110."

Better write today to make sure of the grand free

Horse-Trainer's Prospectus. Tell me all about. your

horse. Address ' 123]





PROF. JESSE BEEN. Box42A PLEASANT IIILL, OHIO





 





Shad-rd Veterinary Remedy





In Do. 2| Yours





9 lo Ouch to Hooves.

NEWTON s REMED Coughs. Diolomporo.

Safe. positive cure that is anal-onto“ for

Heaven. It gets at the root of the trouble. A

scientificremedyforlndlguilon.which is theml

om. of hooves. Heaven affect the inn only

indirectly. Newton’s Remed drives on Into.-

Ilnol worm- and is an excel ent stomach and

bowel conditioner. Book explains fully. free. I



r can, at dealers’, or sent direct, propel .



HI NEWTON REMEDY 60.. '* Tobie. 0M0





 





 





€391!" Results viii—less Power ‘ H





SUPERIURIDUPLEX MILL





Double drlndlnd rlnds with new tooth

hooves firlnd twice as much

other food mill of some also

' with one-third less fuel.

5 Force feed ; never chokes. For Gaso-

line of Steam Engine. Grinds corn on

cohs orin shucks, shell com, sheaf

oats, Kaflir com, alfalfa. oats. rye,

:- _ fl _ wheat, barle , cotton seed.

. 2% Coarse or no. Easy to

' operate. Fully guaranteed.

Catalog FREE.de today.





Superior Mfg. & Mill Co.

5 East Street, Sprlngfield. 0o





   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 

 





 

 





. '1 ."llllit'l





 





   

   

   

 

 





 





LIVE STOGK PROFITS





depend upon the feed and core. The



importance. Roots have their



place in the feedingbeconomy. ’

Sta. 1 .





of ovary and e

groper-erect: quicker and in bet-

: form for foodin toali kinds i {live

otook than they can 9 re oredin any

other my. Takes a. at -round chip

out of the root. No slicing cubing or

Nothin c311 ohf'ke $1: 1m “ban- '

en 3 sea or hand or power.

n my reach of o

stock of egg kind. Write for $§P€fm°Tm m

0.1. 11! non A sous. Ypolloufl.





 

 





 





 





‘i
. OCT. 21, 1911.





FALL MANAGEMENT OF THE SWINE

HERD.





 





Clean feed yards, comfortable sleeping

quarters and sanitary surroundings are

important factors in the fall management

of breeding and fattening hogs. Hogs

need plenty of room in the feed yards. If

they are overcrowded in small yards it is

almost impdSsible to have clean feeding

ground unless the feed yard is paved.

Swine, unlike other domestic animals, do

not respond readily to treatment, once

they become affected with disease, thus

we see the necessity of precaution in pre-

venting the spread of disease in the

herd.



Science has given us much information

on this subject. It has shown us that

most forms of swine disease can be read-

ily transferred from place to place. Since

this is the basis of trouble we can see

the importance of using every precaution

possible to keep the animals in a cleanly

condition. Disease germs multiply rap—

idly under filthy conditions. ’ Scientists

claim that these germs cannothithstand

light and sunshine, thus the importance

of having plenty of sunlight in the yards

and houses where the hogs eat and sleep.

The yards and houses should be cleaned

and disinfected very often. Such prac-

tice greatly improves the general health

and thrift of the herd and makes the hogs

less susceptible to contagious swine dis-

eases.



It is the writer’s opinion that the most

frequent cause of disease among hogs in

the fall results from allowing the ani—

mals to sleep outside during cold and

frosty nights. “'hile taking a number of

early morning drives through one of the

leading hog growing states last fall it

was common to see 50 to 100 steaming

and heated hogs crawling out of bunches

where they had been sleeping. Sleeping

in bunches and coming out in the cold

morning air creates conditions favorable

for the development of coughs, colds and

lung diseases. As a rule, every hog on

the farm should be compelled to sleep in-

side as soon as the nights begin to get

cold and frosty.



Caution must be used in getting the

pigs and fattening hogs used to the

change of food when they are placed in

the'feed yards. One of the greatest dan-

gef-s’cbnfronting hog growers at 'this'sea-



In of the year is the feeding of new

corn. Feeders should introduce new corn

gradually by cutting it up and feeding it

in connection with pasture and other

feeds.

hogs will consume both ears and stalks

and by degrees become accustomed to

the new feed. By the time the stalks

have hardened they will be in condition

to consume larger quantities of the grain

with safety and profit,14 1/1, 1,4 1/4

with safety and . ni‘ess'hogs have

re and forage crops the

change of feed must be gradual to es-

cape derangement of digestion and dis-

ordered stomach. It means a little more

work to feed supplemental feeds and old

corn with the new, but the advantages

are so great that the careful and intellia

gent feeder will not neglect that which

is safest and promises the best returns.

Hogs relish new corn and we are often

tempted to feed too much at the start.

At least a month's time should be taken

to bring them from pasture and forage

crops to a full feed of the new corn. It

requires more bushels of new corn to

make the same gain that sound corn will

produce, hence it is advantageous both

from the standpoint of health and profit

to feed some old corn while bringing the

hogs to a full feed of new corn. Severe

losses may be avoided by the exercise of

care and judgment in feeding new corn

to hogs.



Charcoal, ashes and salt help to keep

the hog’s digestive system in good con-

dition and should be kept within the

reach of the animals at all times. Corn

cobs make good charcoal. By digging a

pit about four or five feet deep and quite

a bit smaller at the bottom than at the

top it is a simple matter to prepare the

corn cob charcoal in the right form for

the hogs. Start a fire at the bottom of

the pit and gradually fill the pit with

cobs and cover with a sheet iron cover

as soon as filled and in about 12 hours’

time there will be a good grade of char-

coal. Five bushels of this charcoal, one

bushel of wood ashes, six pounds of salt,

two quarts of air-slaked lime, two pounds

of sulphur and one pound of copperas

makes an excellent mixture to place in

feeding boxes where the animals may

have. access to it at all. times” Such a.

mixture is at once a food, vermlfuge and

tonic. '



Good pure drinking water from an un-





   

 





If fed moderately at the start '





 





 





. THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





contaminated source is a safeguard to

the health of the herd. It is of so much

importance that every hog grower should

equip his feed-yards with 'an adequate

system of supply tanks and drinking

fountains. At this season of the year

thousands of dollars worth of feed is

worse than wasted because the hogs do

not have enough water to work the im-

purities out of their systems and for that

reason cannot perfectly digest their foods.

Ponds, brooks and springs are many times

insidious sources of danger on the hog

farm, besides, they frequently give out

just when they are needed most. If wat-

er can be found at a reasonable depth

a windmill or gasoline engine that will

raise the water and distribute to the var-

ious places where it is needed will give

the best satisfaction and insure a supply

of‘pure water for the herd.



As a general proposition it seldom pays

to carry hogs along after they are ready

for market. Feeders who have held their

hogs for a rise in the market have found

that the expense for feed wipes out all

of the advantages of a higher price later.

After the gram and forage crops have

stopped their growth, there is little cheap

feed left. From now on hogs must have

liberal grain rations. Gains must be

made or profits will be materially re-

duced. Light feeding is a risky specula.

tion, because they cannot be carried along





 





 





First Prize Pen of Shropshire Lambs at





without expensive grain feeds. Heavy

feeding can be continued profitably on

growing pigs as long as supplemental

feeds are fed along with the corn to sup—

port an increase in frame and muscle

commensurate with the fat'put on by the

corn. In this way many 150 to 200 pound

hogs can be continued on full feed to a

weight of 300 pounds or more and pay

larger profits.



Hogs that are to be kept over for

breeders and fall pigs should go into

the winter in good condition. A blanket

of fat under the animal’s hide is worth

bushels of corn in the crib as a protec—

tion against the winter’s cold. Fat can

be put on during the fall easier than it

can after winter begins. The fall pig

that has not been well fed during the fall

months has a winter of misery before it.

Its hair affords but little protection and

without a blanket of fat it is in a sad

predicament. Fat, vigorous pigs will con—

tinue to grow during the winter, but the

thin ones are expensive boarders. Older

breeding animals will endure more hard-

ships and exposure but they come out in

the spring in poor condition and cannot

produce as good pigs as those that go

into the winter in good condition. A

chilled body reduces vitality and saps the

animal’s reserve energy and it comes out

in the spring in a weak, emaciated con-

dition. By getting the herd properly con-

ditioned during the fall months when

every kind of farm-grown feed is avail-

able it is possible to carry them through

the winter in good breeding- and growing

condition.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.

A LITTLE LIGHT ON A DARK SUB-



JECT.





 





With the shortening of the days at a

season of the year when farm work is

still pressing, the lantern becomes an

important factor in farm equipment. Oft-

en, when one is needed there is consider-

able search and much inquiry before it

can be located because, on the average





 





farm‘ only a single lantern will generally

be found, and often this is not of the sort

that is the most effective aid in doing

the chores or other work which must be

done after dark. No one is more help-

less-than the man who tries to work in

the dark and the light which is afforded

by many lanterns does not penetrate far

into the darkness; others will blow out

when carried in the wind, while still oth.-

ers will smoke and blacken the globe so

as to make them well nigh useless.



But the lantern problem is one upon

which the average person will be apt to

think not at all until the times comes

for the use of this insignificant article of

farm equipment. Every person should

have good lanterns and plenty of them

so that the work which is necessary to

do after dark need not be delayed or

made more burdensome for the lack of

an insignificant investment. There should

be a lantern for every member of the

family or every hired man who is likely

to need one in the accomplishment of his

work; and it should be a good lantern,

one which will not blow out or smoke,

one that will give a maximum of light

and which is of sufficient weight and

size to stand firmly on its base when set

down for any purpose and which will

hold sufficient oil to satisfy ordinary

needs.



There has been a great improvement in





 





State and West Michigan Fairs, Exhibited

by W. P. Pulling, of Jackson County.





lanterns since the old-fashioned tin case

with holes punched in the side for the

light to penetrate and a socket in the

bottom for a tallow candle, such as our

fathers were compelled to use. That im-

provement has gone right on up to the

present time and better lanterns are

available now than ever before. It is poor

economy to do without the best available

lanterns and enough of them upon any

farm, and those who are not well supplied

with this necessity should investigate the

modern type of lanterns and replenish

the supply without delay. Note the ad-

vertisements of the improved lanterns

which appear in this paper, carefully look

over those handled by your local dealer

and select an up-to-date article. The

cost will not be great and the satisfaction

and convenience in its use will more than

repay the cost of the investment.



Having secured the. lanterns needed, ar-

range a suitable place where they may

be hung around the burn or outbuildings

for convenience in doing the chores. In

the stable a wire should be strung in a

convenient and safe place and the lan-

tern hung on a hook arranged to slide

along so that it may be moved to a con-

venient point as desired. llooks should

be provided wherever the lantern may be

needed in the regular work of doing the

chores so as to avoid danger of its being

tipped over and causing destructive fires.

See that the lanterns are filled and the

globes cleaned at stated intervals and

that they are always kept in a regular

place where they can be quickly found

when needed. Lantern economy is true

economy, particularly at this season of

the year, upon any farm.



Oakland Co. A. R. FARMER.





 





There are parts of the southwest and

on the Pacific coast where the supply of

hogs is short, and the same holds true of

parts of the east. The country as a

whole has no surplus of either hogs or

pigs, and there is no reason why owners

of healthy, growing young hogs should

not dispose of them at good prices. There

is a fair crop of pigs. but it is far from

a record-breaker, and they will all be

needed by the packers.





 

 





 





   





. Wok

% nc onel. / \\\\\\\§





gllnlflmlliullflfllflll millllllllilllllIilillillllll!





gnaw John Freeré

Saved Veterinary Bills. |





Horses are naturally run down

at this season of the year. They

need the appetite-creating stimu-

lus that they get from pure cane

sugar molasses.



Properly mixed with feed it will

cleanse and purify the entire sys-

tem, resulting in better digestion,

increased vitality, freedom from

colds, heaves, worms, colic, cholera,

dysentery, etc.



Saves feed and saves veterinary

bills. But,

genuine





be sure you get the





Buckeye Feeding

Molasses





Positively guaranteed to give sat-

isfactory results. \Ve have yet to

hear of a single disappointment.



John Freer, a Detroit team—owner

has been feeding Buckeye Feeding

Molasses to his horses for three

years. Read what he says:



‘Ihavo twenty-two big heavy horses, and

have fed them Buckeye Feeding Molasses fer

three Years. I formerly paid the voter-



inary 60 per month—nrw he and I are

strangers.” Signed) JOHN FREE“.



008. & Bolvay Coke, Detroit. Michigan.



Every user gets equally satisfac-

tory results, so will you. Buckeye

Feeding Molasses is just as Good





 





for Cattle. Keeps cows in good

condition, increases the llow of

milk, and is a good veterinary for

all your cattle.



Great for Sheep~~l<eeps flock

healthy and Well. Adds weight,

makes finer wool and more of it.



Fine for Hogs—Keeps them in

perfect condition. Use it and you

will get more pork, more shoats.

Every hog a big hog. no runts.



Free Trial Offer.-—Sign this con-

pon and get our test proposition.

Fill it in and mail today.





W. H. EDGAR 8: SON,

542 Lafayette Blvd.. Detroit. Mich.





W. H. Edgar &. Son,



542 Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich.

I have ........ head of cattle. .' .....

sheep ........ hogs and ....... horses.





Send me your trial proposition to

prove that Buckeye Feeding Molas-

ses will benefit all of them.





Name........... ..... R. F.D .......





P. 0...





 





 





 





 





You simply can't realize the big dollar value

there is in 5A Storm King Horse Blankets





until you actually see them. For the rice— -

$2.50—it's certainly a blanket bargaianxtra

large (84x90 inches) and practical y wind and

storm proof. Fits snug—affords ample pro-

tection to the horse—roomy enough to ensure

perfect comfort. Manufactured in the lar est

horse-blanket factory in the world. Ygour

dealer buys these blankets direct from our

factory. avoiding middleman's profits and

thereby savmg you. money. Be sure you

see the 5A Storm King. if your dealer can-

not suppli' you. write us.





Buy a 5A Bias Girlli Blanket for stable

l Buy a 5‘ Square Blanket for street

h Always see the 5A trade mark





LVII. AVRES & SONS, Philadelphia, Pagh





Steal Wheels





will make your old farm wn n

-' as good as new. Save money - BOOK

cause they never need repairs.

Write for our big free book tell- FREE

his all about them and how they





 





 





 





 





 





 





’ pay. Impm my. c... Borges-ocular”. III.





 





 





:3..-..~ . 12...?





.33 ““32. 2. an .





., ..... $42.9;
334' <0

WINTER FEED‘ FOR THE COLTS.

u, p—





The present season is likely to prove

critical for many weanling colts on ac-

count of the lack of clover hay as- a

roughage ration for them on many farms.

It is important that all young animals

be kept growing from the start for the

mosit economic results. but it is particu-

larly true of colts, since their life of use-

fulness covers so many years and a lack

or proper development reduces their

earning power to a corresponding degree,

whether they are retained for work on

the farm or sold for other purposes, and

in diect ratio it affects the value of the

animals and the price which they will

bring in the open market.



For this reason it Will pay to buy the

best of feed for the growing colts and

if it is not available upon the farm it

will pay to secure it even at a consider—

able expense and trouble. A load or two

of good clover hay can be found and

purchased within the reach of every farm.

and it will pay to secure it in order that

the colts may be supplied with the best

of roughage for winter feed. Where it

cannot be secured without too much

trouble it will pay to buy alfalfa meal as

a substitute, and with this and a choice

bit of corn fodder, the colts, with a suit—

able grain ration, can be well grown

without any great additional expense.

In fact, the additional cost of feeding

them in this manner, even where the

feed has to he purchased, will be a mere

pittance compared to the increased value

of the colts when so cared for.



The grain ration should consist largely

of oats and bran, with possibly a very little

corn meal and a small portion of oil meal

by way of variety.



Exercise is also an important factor in

the development of colts and a good-sized

paddock should be provided ~preferahly

with some sort of a shed for sheltcr~~ili

which they may roam at will during all

but the most inclement weather.



\Vith plenty of good feed regularly giv-

en, a good wholesome water supply,

plenty of exercise and well bedded stalls,

a maximum degree of colt comfort will

he provided which will ShOW in the early

development of the animal, a develop-

ment which makes for good quality in the

matured horse to a greater degree than

the growth secured at any other stage

of its life. ' A. R. F.





FEEDING THE PIG ON ROOTS.



If one can produce a pound of pork

by feeding some other substance than

corn or rye or barley, which have a real

fixed market value at all times, and do it

as quickly on a feed having no real cash

value in any market, then, counting the

labor of feeding, the same, which is the

more profitable? But can this be done?





 





A yield of 77. baskets of corn per acre in

Michigan generally is very good; of bar-

ley, 30 bushels; of rye, 15 bushels, and





average yields are more apt to be below

this, estimate, one year after another,

than above. One acre of mangolds will,

on an average, yield 15 to 20 tons; of

sugar beets, about the same. IVe all

know that a bushel of corn will go much

further in feeding than a bushel of roots,

but one bushel of corn will hardly com-

mence to go as far as eight bushels of

roots based on an estimate, as above. of

corn at 75 bushels per acre and roots at

18 tons per acre. I\'or is the corn, wheth-

er whole or chopped, or in meal alone, as

good for growing pigs, as the roots. But

let us further add to both rations fed,

two daily feeds, for both feed and drink

it is, suillcient amounts of separated milk,

morning and night. I have found that

the increase, if we wore to allow only

three bushels of roots to one of corn fell.

to be as nearly equal as possible. That

is, one bushel of corn, as meal, fed with

milk, gave results similar to three bushels

of sound roots, fed with like amounts of

milk. Then, basing the normal yields per

acre as above, I found in two trials that

for pigs up to six months of age I could

produce over double the amount of pork

per acre from the roots than from the

corn, and at only a small extra expense

per acre in caring for the roots.



I7nderstand, this is not a ration intend-

ed to top them for the market, as I al—

ways feed hard corn when sufficiently

grown, but is for the purpose of dis-

claiming the prevailing idea of many that

pigs must and should have corn, or oats

and barley or other grains, just as soon

as they are weaned and stuff them until

marketed.



There are more hogs go over the block

with a loss to the farmers of this state

than should be the case and just because





 





inn—u---" o—o-





THE 'MIC'inéAfi'FiAfiMER





many cannot think otherwise than that

a pig is a hogtrom the start and that

com is its only salvation anyway. so they

are stuffed or starved or both, regardless

of profit or loss, until the day they are

finally sold for what they may bring.

Clinton 06. G. A. RANDALL.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.



A. M. \Velsh, one of the leading sheep

and lamb feeders of Michigan, is a great

advocate of silos. He says: “I cannot

say too much in praise of ensilage as an

economical feed for sheep, and particu-

larly for a breeding flock. There is no

other feed that will take its place and

leave the ewes in such excellent shape

for the lambing period. I think I can

claim the honor of having had put up on

my farm the first silo ever used in the

state of Michigan. That was about 24

years ago. I now have three new silos,

with a combined capacity of 700 tons, on

my place, and silos are becoming common

Sights on the farms of most of the more

successful stock feeders of our state. In

my opinion the silo has become a part of

the necessary equipment of every stock

farm in the feeding bclt where feeding

operations are conducted for the money

there is in them.



\Vei’l-in ormed men in the sheep feed—

ing indus ry are expecting to see a large

return of warmed—up sheep and lambs to

market from Iowa and other feeding dis-

tricts during the early winter months in

a half-fat condition, although another op-

en winter would tend to lessen such a

movement. and more stockmen would

hold their flocks until they could be made

better in flesh. Every year sees a pre-

mature remarketing of fed stock, and

there are always experienced sheep feed-

ers who stand ready to take. such stock

and pay the extremely low prices usually

asked. A short time ago an Iowa man

who thought he was a stock feeder re—

turned to the Chicago market two car

loads of western range lambs that he had

of western range lambs that he had

owned for a short time. They tipped the

scales at 51 lbs. and were purchased by

a real feeder for $5 to $5.05 per 100 lbs.

.\t the same time a double—deck of west-

ern range wethers that had undergone a

similar experience came on the- market

and went to another feeder, who secured

them at $3.10 per 100 lbs. '



The September shipments of stocker

and feeder cattle from Chicago to the

country were far below such shipments:

a your ago. being but a little more than

half the number, while the August out-

put was also on a much smaller scale

than last year. Eastern buyers have been

taking Sillllv cheap and medium—priced

stockers, and Ohio, Indiana and‘ Illinois

took to the good feeders and well-bred,

thin and light lots.



Few people have any idea of the large

numbers of little pigs that have been re-

ceived for several weeks past at the Chi-

cago stock yards. During the first three

days of a recent week 10,000 head that

averaged under 80 lbs. were received and

sold at $3.75 to $4.75 per 100 lbs., or about

$3 per head. Cheap pig meat is going to

make a big inroad into the future supply

of matured hogs. But for these little

follows, the packers would be short on

fresh pork. The slaughter of the pigs is

not all due to the outbreak of sickness

in the droves, but is attributable to a

considerable extent to a desire upon the

part of their owners to sell their corn at

ruling high prices. A year ago farmers

were extremely anxious to buy all the

little pigs they could get hold of, but this

year they take an opposite view, although

this sacrifice is clearly a losing game.



Chicago’s shipments of feeding and

breeding sheep to the country show a

falling off this year of about 227,000 head

compared with the same period last year.



Breeding cattle are bringing the high-

est prices ever known down in the Texas

Panhandle. Heifer calves are selling for

$21 per head for breeding purposes, and

calves have been purchased for shipment

to Indiana for feeding at $17.50 per head,

against $15 two years ago.



Surplus butcher cows are not numer-

ous, as dry pastures in many parts of

the corn belt during the past summer

forced a large share to early markets.



\Vith regard to the class of cattle best

adapted for feeding the coming winter

season, a prominent live stock commis—

sion firm with houses at all the principal

live stook markets of the country offers

the following suggestions: “In our opin-

ion, good heavy two—thirds fat steers of

1,150 to 1,300 lbs. average. bought for (50

to 90 days' feed should prove a good busi—

ness venture. All signs point to a strong

market for well fattened cattle during

the fall and winter months. Thus, cattle

of the above description, it well fattened,

should be ready for sale at remunerativc

prices. Good quality 850 to 950-”). steers,

bought along in October, can, we believe,

be handled to make money. They can

be run on fall pasture and in the stalk

fields until around the middle of Decem-

ber, then given enough corn in January

and February to keep them growing well,

and put in the feed lot in March. By the

middle of May or June they should be in

attractive beef condition and meet with a

good market. \Ve believe that the fat

cattle trade during the spring and sum-

mer months will be of a kind that will

please cattle feeders.”



Vi'estern packers have slaughtered since

March 1, 15,3 5,000 hogs, an increase of

3,650.000 hogs compared with the corres—

ponding period last year. For the same

period two years ago 13,605,000 hogs were

packed.



The marketing of range sheep and

lambs from \Vashington, Oregon, Nevada,

Idaho and Utah is reported to have spent

its force, and for the remainder of the

range shipping season the largest sup-

plies are expected to come from Mon-

tana, Wyoming and the Dakotas. These

shipments will run largely to fat lots.

and it is reported on good authority that

there will be the smallest proportion of

feeders seen in years.





 





   





 





 

 





No hill

too steep





No and

too deep





This year, as never before,

automobile manufacturers

are striving to give buyers

more for the money.





We sincerely believe the Jack-

son has gone farther in this

direction than any of its con-

temporaries; that it has, in

fact, set the pace.





We state this as our belief; and

we ask you to confirm it by

comparing the Jackson with

other cars of approximately

the same price.





What $1100 car but the Model

“32” Jackson (see illustration)

places 30 horsepower; 110

inch Wheelbase; 32 inch

wheels at your disposal?





What $1500 car but the Jack-

son Model “42” comes to

you .Wlth 40 horsepower;

118 inch wheelbase; 34x4





001'. '21. mi. '





 





ComparisOn shows more

for the money inthese cars





inch tires; . and complete

equipment?





What $1800 car but the Jackson

Model “52” giVes you the

luxury of 50 horsepower; 124

inch wheelbase; 36 inch

Wheels; demountable rims?





Look about you and see if you can find

this excess power, these generous

proportions, in other cars of these

prices.





If you can, we relinquish our claims





upon your consideration, save to

suggest that you demand also a rep-

utation and experience that means

as much as the Jackson reputation

and experience of ten years’ standing.





Apply the process of elimination;





study the Jackson features and the"





features of other cars—you Will see,

we believe, that the Jackson out-

strips the rest.





Begin by writing a postal card for the

catalog and the name of the nearest

Jackson dealer.





Jackson Automobile Co. 1533.? 3. Jackson, Mich.





Model "32”—Five-pmenger; 30 H. P.: l 10 inch wheelbare; full elliptic





springs, front and rear; 32 incl:





W]: e els. Inc luding Equipment





0 gas lamps and oil lamps. tools. eta—$110





 





 





 





Has greatly diversified land, climate,

altitude and products.

suit all comers. On one farm has





It is a country to





been





grown a total of 112 different varieties of products:

There is a vast area of cut-over timber land in the northern “Pan.

handle” admirably adapted to farming. This, can be obtained at





prices as low as $10 per acre.





The soil of Northern Idaho is very





deep and made up of richest ingredients. All the cereals, corn. pota-

toes and other vegetables, fruits and grasses grow in abundance. -



The Nez Force and Camas Prairie Country is famous for its grain

production, for its blooded cattle, and is particularly well adapted to dairying,





hog-raising and general farming.





The Lewiston-Clarkston region, with its five and ten acre irrigated

orchards and vineyards, is very attractive to homcseekcrs. {The State University

at Moscow, 3. State Normal School at Lewiston, and the State College at Pullman,





Wash., offer exceptional advantages.





Write for free copies of booklets “Eastern Washington and Northern Idaho" and

“'Ihc Lewiston-Clarkston-Clearwatcr Country" with other literature and full infor-

mation about low Homeseekers' fares, effective the first and third Tuesdays of





each month.





Address I... J. BRICKER. Gen'l Immigration-Agent. St- Paul. Minn.

7 Northern Pacific Bldg" 5!. Paul. Minn.





Northern Pacific Ry





 





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you





are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor. .





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘
\





we LANTER





~ \

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Good Light





makes night work easier.

Rayo lanterns give the

most light possible for

the oil used.





Rayo Lanterns will

not blow or jar out.





They are easy to clean.-

Easy to fill and light.

Made to stand hard wear.





You can get Rayo Lan-

terns in various sizes,

finishes and styles. Each

is the best you

can buy of its

particular kind.





All Rayo lanterns are

equipped with selected Rayo

globes, clear, red or green,

as desired, and wicks are

inserted in the burners,

ready to light.



Dealers everywhere; or

write for descriptive circular

direct to any agency of the





Standard Oil Company,”





(Incorporated)





 





 





 





 





Warrani'ed

to give satisfaction





   

   





' GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





A safe, speedy and

positive cure for





Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Ca ed Hock,

Strained Tendons, Founder, ind Puffs,

and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone

and other bony tumors. Cures all skin

diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.

Removes all Bunches from Horses or

Cattle.





As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

mutlnm, Sprain", Sore Throat, etc., it

is invaluable.



Every bottle of Caultlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction, Price 81.50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent. by ex-

press. charges paid. with ull directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials. etc. Address





TH] LAWRENCE-WILLIAIS GOIPANY, Cleveland, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





i.- &





DISTEIiIP





have noterror to horsemen who keep on hand that old

relinblo remedy which is so sure and effective that it

is sold on a. money back guaran ee—





GRAFT’S DISTEMPER REMEDY





Once tried, you'll never be without it. No risk in buy-



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50c and $1 00. 3 Valuable Books on orses FREE.

WELLS MEDICINE COMPANY



11 Third Street LaFayette. Ind.





 





‘v will reduce inflamed,swollenJoints,

Bruises, Soft Bunches. Cure Bolle,

Poll Evil, Quitor, Fistula or any

unhealthy sore quickly' pleasant

to use; does not blls :- under

bandage or remove the hair, and

you can work the horse. 82 er boo-

tle delivered. Boo free.



ABSORBINE,JR.,iInimenuor

mankind. Reduces Painful Swol-

len Veins, Goitre, Wen? étrains,

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. are or delivered. ill tell you more

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a

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THE. MICHIGAN. FARMER.





The favorable outlook for fat cattle in

coming months and improved fall pastur-

age have stimulated farmers to begin

buying cattle in Chicago and other west-

ern markets for fattening during the

coming winter season, and a. good many

buying orders from Ohio, Indiana and

Illinois have been received by Chicago

live stock commission houses recently.

The demand embraces cattle of the bet-

ter class, as well as medium weights and

light and rough offerings. It happens,

unfortunately, that the packer competi-

tion for steers of low beef quality is ab-

sorbing a. large number of cattle that

should be sent back to feeding districts

to meet future requirements of the choice

beef trade, killers paying higher prices

than most stockmen feel able to. At

present the best demand for beef cattle

centers in medium-priced handy little

yearlings, and it is generally admitted that

in the long run it pays best to grow this

kind of beef. Of course, there is always

a certain demand for prime long—fed

heavy beeves, and their growing scarcity

causes these cattle to command high

prices at the present time.



The Indiana Experiment Station re-

cently bought in the Chicago market 150

head of Idaho feeding lambs at $5.25 per

100 lbs. “We have been experimenting

with silage in cattle and lamb feeding

for a number of years,” said Professor

King, “and our opinion is that silage

where fed in the right proportion is a.

most valuable aid in producing at cheap

cost. We hope to further demonstrate

this fact in the experiment which we

will conduct with the lambs just pur-

chaser.”



The corn crop is turning out very ir-

regularly, being extremely good in some

places and not good in others, and on

the whole it is believed that the crop will

not be excessive. Encouragement for

high prices is found in the revived export

demand, but it is well to remember that

extremely high prices would quickly stop

this movement out of the country. It is

believed that in sections where the crop

turns out well live stock will be fed ex-

tensively.



The mutton-eating public

mainly for fat lambs, and it is easy to

glut the market with sheep. This makcs

prime lambs bring a handsome premium.

Feeding and breeding sheep have been

scarce of late in western markets, while

feeding lambshave been numerous and

in lively demand. The demand for good

breeding ewes has been the bcst secn at

any time this year, coming from widely

scattered sections of the country.



W. J. Crow, of Webb, Iowa, docs not

think the packers’ type of hogs is the

one that is most profitable for breeders

and feeders to handle. He says: “.\s to

the best interest to breeders, my advice

is to steer away from judging hogs from

the packer standpoint, as they want less

bonc than can be bred on any hog to

make him a profitable hog for the farmer

to raise. Take the Meharry exhibit at

Des Moines for an example. They would

not have made half the size for age if

developed under ordinary farmer‘s care

and would have been completely broken

down. The expense of putting them up

to weigh what they do is too great. The

cost of the kind of feed it took to hold

and bring them up would far exceed the

price they would bring on the open mar-

ket. This is not profitable pork-making.

A hog of a coarser nature, larger boned,

will feed out on corn and grow at a.

profit, and yet raise a profitable litter,

where the fine-boned kind will not exist

at a profit. This is plain history, and

whenever a breed has taken up com-

pletely with the packer idea it has lost

out as a profitable hog for the farmer.”





A. H. Marble, vice-president of the

Stock Growers’ National Bank of Chey—

enne, \Vyoming, was in Chicago recently

and stated that range conditions were

quite spotted throughout the northwest.

“In some places there is an abundance of

water and the feed outlook for the win-

ter is splendid,” remarked Mr. Marble,

“while in other sections cattlemen and

sheepmen will have to ship very closely

because of the poor feed prospects this

coming winter. Taking the range as a

whole, however, it will average up fairly

good. The season's shipments of both

cattle and sheep from the northwest

ranges to the markets this season will be

under those of last season. Where pos-

sible owners are holding on to the young

thrifty stock. The 'financial situation is

much easier than it was, and this will be

of vast help to the rangemcn. While cur-

rent prices for cattle are encouragingly

good, sheep and lambs have been selling

below productive cost.”



Country buyers in the Chicago market

are refusing to buy cows which are due

to calve a few weeks off owing to the

dearness of feed, and owners of such

cows Should not ship them to market at

this time. As a rule, they have to be

sold at low prices to killers.



Daniel \Vaters, the well-known stock

feeder of Illinois, who always carries off

prizes for fat stock at the International

Live Stock Exposition, has purchased at

the Chicago stock yards two head of

fancy Shorthorn steers out of a consign-

ment that brought $7.85. He paid $8.25

and is going to add them to a drove he

is preparing for the coming show.



Recently a sale was made at the Chi-

cago stocl yards of a bunch of grade

Aberdeen- ngus steers that

18 head at $7.85 per 100 lbs. They tipped

the scales at 1,135 lbs., and had been fed

only about four months. They brought

$2.20 per 100 lbs. more than first cost

and showed a flesh gain of 326 lbs. The

man who fed them was very much pleased

with the transaction, while stating that

the cattle needed 30 days’ longer feeding

to render them strictly prime. He bought

them as feeders in the Chicago market

on the twentieth day of last April at

$5.65, when the averaged 809 lbs. They

have been given the run of pasture and

given access in a self-feeder to a ration

of ground cob and corn. ground oats, cot-

tonseed meal and alfalfa hay.





is calling





numbered





 





ivVYYYVYVVYTYVYV YVYVVVVY





E VETERINARY





LAMAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAAAA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V, S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are anSWered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested. it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





AAAA





 





 





 





 





 





Scrotal Abscess—I have a two~year~old

colt that weighs 1,2” lbs., which I have

treated all summer nd wih poor results.

When this colt wa one year old a. swell-

ing came on sid of sheath, which I

opened and allowed a quantity of yellow

fluid to escape; some time later a swell-





ing took place under belly which also

opened. Our local Vet. hought he had

farcy. I applied ammonia and water,





which appeared to help him, and gave

him medicine that Vet. left. His sheath,

scrotum and lower portion of abdomen is

yet swollen. During the summer I sta-

bled him during the day and allowed him

to run out nights. He has been in a sort

of dying condition several times and I

would like to know what to do for him.

C: ’I‘., Fergus, Mich—If your Vet. will

give him the bacterin treament it will

doublcss have a good effect; however, I

am inclined to believe it will be necessary

to cut out bunch and shorten cord. I

have operated on many hundred such

cascs and nearly all of them have made

good recoveries. Tell the operator to be

sure and cut off all the diseased portion

of cord. Give him 1 oz. doses of fluid ex~

tract of gentian and the same quantity

of fluid extract of cinchona at a dose

thrice times a day. He should be well

e<.



llock Lameness.—I have a mare that

has been lame in right hind leg for the





past four months: she shows it most

when going up hill. She has been ex-

amined by several horsemen, none of

them appear to know what ails her. S.

It, Buckley, Mich—Apply equal parts

tincture cantharides, turpentine, aqua.

ammonia and raw linseed oil to hock

tWice a week. Keep close watch of the





whole leg and you may be able to locate

the trouble correctly, then apply the lini-

ment I have prescribed. .





Obstructed Tent—Leaks Milk—I have

a cow that seems to be all right, except

one teat: when milking from this quarter

milk spattcrs and spreads too much and I

would like to know what to do to prevent

it. I also have another cow that leaks





milk; how can it be stopped? R. W. D.,

Homer, Mich—You should 'milk her

through a milking tube. A 31/é—inch tube

costs 35c by mail; 3—inch, 30c. Make her





wear a teat plug, that is the only way to

stop her leaking milk. Tcat plugs cost

3pc each by mail. The Lawrence Pub-

lishing Company can Simply you.



Blood Poison—Rheumatism.—-My two-

ycar-old heifer came fresh last March:

she failed to clean, was helped, but work

was not properly done. She is stiff and

sore and has trouble in reaching ground

With nose. llcr appetite is good, but I

believe she has rheumatism. l’. IVE. .,

Clare, Mich.~(live cow 1 oz. doses hvpo-

sulphiie of soda and 1 dr. salicylatc of

soda at a dose in feed three times a day;

also rub musclcs of neck with camphor-

atcd oil onco {1 day.



lmpacihianuddcn Death of Two Cows.

Two of my cows died last week and so

far as we could judge they died of im—

paction and we would like to know how





this ailment can be prevented. Our local

Vet. prescribcd salts and soda. These

cows have been in pasture, had plenty





of salt and we would like to know how to

prevent any morc getting sick with the





same disease. Our neighbors haVc also

lost cattle thc. smnc way. J. M. S,

Plymouth, lilich.~»—lmpnction is generally





brought on by some error in feeding,

want of propcr cxcrcise, or inactivity of

liver, stomach and bowels. There must

be a peculiar kind of grass in lot that is

indigestiblc and perhaps the best thing

for you to do is to change their feed.

\Vatch the condition of ilicir bowels and

whenever thcy become costive give ep-

som salts to opcn ihcm. l also recom-

mend that you salt your cattle well, for

it will help kecp their bowels open.

Rickeis.~l have. a four-months—old pig





that will weigh 100 pounds, which has

shown some stiffncss for the past seven

wccks. This soreness seems to be affect—

ing the hind quarters. I feed skim—milk,

and mirldlings with some corn. Neigh-

bors tell me they have kidncy worms.





\V. “7., Remus, Mich. Feed no corn and

give pig :1 teaspoonful of prepared chalk





 





at a dosc in feed two or llll'OO times a

day. I do not believe he has kidney

worms but suffers from rickets, the re-





sult of eating perhaps too much corn and

fat-producing food. Green feed for a few

weeks will hclp him, besides more exer—

cise will prove beneficial. If his bowels

are. costive givc either castor oil or ep—

som salts to move them.



Condition l‘owdci‘.—I would like to know

how to prepare my own condition powder

for live stock, a formula that is not too

expensive. .I. E. S., Linwood, Mich—Mix

together equal parts powdered sulphate

iron. gentian, ginger, quassia, cooking

soda, ground nux vomica and fenugreek

and give a tablespoonful or two at a dose

in feed twice or three times daily.



Spinal Paralysis—I have a seven-year-

old mare that raised a colt this past sum-

mer, but when she gets down is unable

to get up without help. Our local Vet.

has treated her and no doubt did all he

Could and perhaps as much as any person





 

 

 





MORE MONEY





\CMORE sifiEFACIIoN.





N0 STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED

~ WITH LICE,TICKS,MITES,FLEAS,

SCAB,MANGE,AND OTHER SKIN

. DISEASES.

r TO CLEAN our THESE

LPARASITES, GUARD AGAINST

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.CLEANSE, pumrv, AND

DEODORIZE.USE





BETTER THAN 0THERS,BE(AUSE,|T l5





STANDARDIZED.





UNIFORM,DEPENDABLE,EFHCIENT. ONE





GALLON 0F KRESO DIP NOJ MAKES 60

T0 IOO GALLONS 0F SOLUTION(DEPENDING

UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT.)





A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT

HORSES,CATTLE,SHEEP, SWINE,

DOGS. GOATS AND POULTRY.





FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

WRITE FOR FREE cmcuuns. ASK roe LEAH."

DESCRIBING A new cement HOG wauow iF YOU

‘ ARE INTERESTED-





PARKE,DAV|S&C0.





DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL

INDUST IV. '





 





 





' Get this l84-page

Veterinary Book

FREE





Simply

call

for it



at

your

own

drug

store





   





Learn to Know





Your Live Stock





The book tells you about the ailments of your

cattle. horses. sheep. hogs and chickens. Gives

symptoms and enables you to treat all ordinary

cases, at home. Veterinarians use it in their

practice. Pages are large and well illustrated.

Dr. Roberts. the eminent veterinarian. has

dedicated it freely to the use of live stock owners.

Get a copy free from your druggist. It not there,

enclose 10c in stamps to pay postage and address





Dr. David Roberts Veterinary Co.

963 Grand Avenue. Waukesha. Wis.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





 





NEGLECT 5

Will Ruin





Your Horse . _ . .



Selud to day c AGE

or our 33 PA K



PRRMANENT , will cure any case or





have cured ever

801 want to use tagain. Enclosed find check for 35. K. F. Grant.





 





could. She seems to be weak in back or





 

 

 





W _ MINERAL





 





   

 

 





 

 

 





money refunded.

$I PACKAGE 5

cures ordinary cases. a ’

Postpaid on receipt of é 5:

price. Agents Wanted. (.1 --

erte for descriptive booklet. "





 

   





CURE





SAFE .

CERTAIN. 1





   





 





Mlnaral item Remedy co.. its fourth iv... PliisburgJ’a.





 





 





415 Dickson Bldg. Norfolk Va. 1

Co., Binghamton, N. Y. . . June I 19) L





three occasions for Bone





Troy Chemical

1 have used your “Save-thetlorse" on

Spawn, Bog Spavin and Side Bone and

case. I have not had to ask {or my money back.





a. bottle. with binding contract to refund mone . Send

for COPY. BOOKLET and LETTERS from bankers.

Farmers and Business men on every kind of case. Per-





*5





mnncntiy Cures Bone and Bog Spiivln, Thoroughpin, itinghoao





(except low), Curb, Splint, Cnpped flock, Windpiitr, Shoo Boil,

Injured Tendona anti nil aneness. No scar or loss of hair.

Horse works as usual. Dealer: or Exprenprepai‘d.



Troy Chemical Co., 20 Comments] he" Bushman, N. 3.
336 <8)

kidneys. H. M. R, Niles, Mich—She will

be slow in recovering. Give 1 dr. ground

nux vomica and a tablespooni'ul iiuid ex-

tract buchu at a dose in feed three times

a day. Her bowels should be kept open

by feeding bran mashes or grass.



Slavering.——I would like to know what

can be done to prevent slavering. One of

my horses has slobbered for the past year

and two more have recently commenced

doing the same. J. R. G., Bad Axe, Mich.

If you will file off sharp cutting edges of

upper grinder teeth and inside of lower

rows your horses will soon slayer less and

perhaps stop it altogether. Fall grass

very often causes it.



Surfeit.—-1 have a valuable two—year-

old colt that has a great many pimples

on body and I would like to know what

can be done for a case of this kind. These

pimples come in patches, hair comes out

in spots and skin seems to itch. A. G.

D., Pontiac, Mich—Give colt a teaspoon-

ful of Fowler's solution at a dose in feed

three times a day; also give a tablespoon~

ful of cooking soda at a dose twice daily.

Groom body well and apply one part

blchloride of mercury and 1,000 parts

water twice a day.



Obstructed Teat.‘—I have a valuable

cow that latelv became affected with teat

trouble; now one teat seems to be block-

ed and it causes her pain to be milked.

What can be done to relieve her? W. R..

Ellsworth, Mich—If you fail by using a.

sound, then use a teat opener. I usually

dilate teat canal with metal sound.



Indigestion—I would like to know what

ails my cow. She is only eight years old,

gives little milk, eats fairly well. but is

thin and hide-bound. The bone of tail

appears to be dry and I have tried sev—

eral remedies, but none of them appear

to effect a cure. M. R, Lapeer, Mich.—

Your cow suffers from indigestion and

her food supply should be changed, she

should be given tonics. Mix equal parts

ground nux vomica. geniian and ginger

together and give cow a tablespoonful or

two at a dose in feed two or three times

a day. .



Sow with Caked Fillies—“'1“ you be. so

kind as to tell me what to do for a sow

that is troubled with cakcd udder? This

is a brood sow and I am anxious to have

her cured. E. H.. Adrian, Mich.~(‘.lve

your sow 5 grs. iodide of potassium at a

dose in feed or water three times a day

and apply tincture iodine to caked parts

of udder once daily.



Indigestion—Worms—d have a five-

year-old mare that is in foal which ap-

pears to be out of condition, she passes

a few worms and I would like to know

what to do for a five-months'-old colt

that is very,thin and he also passes a

few slim long worms. L. 'ii., Carson City,





Mich.——Horses become worm'y on account





of eating fodder and drinking water that

contain worm embryo, therefore I would





sugest a change of food; also give your

mart: two tablespoonfuls of the followmg

compound powder at a dose in feed twice





a day: Also give colt a small teaspoonful

in his feed twice a day:

ground gentian, ground

quassia and salt together thoroughly and

continue giving it to them until they

show a glossy coat and thrifty condition.

Kindly understand, it will not do to medi—

cate a mare in foal

worms that other horses can be treated;

besides, you must be careful in

cathartic medicine to a pregnant mare.



Acute Indigestion and Acid Poisoning.

—\\’e have just lost a cow from eating

too many apples; my cows have been

pasturing in an orchard adjoining hay

fields all this fall. The wind blew off a

great many apples one day last week and

before we noticed it the cows had eaten

all they wanted. Next morning two cows

and a yearling were sick and so weak

they. could hardly walk and when walk—

ing staggered a great deal, ears and nose

cold, scoured some and gave no milk. \\e

kopt llli‘lll ill a shed and called _a. Vet.,

who treated them by giving medicine to

reduce fever and strengthen them. The

cow that died refused food. He gave

each cow one quart of raw linseed Oil

and sometime later gave more oil and cp-

som salts. She showed so much distress

and grunting before ., death that we

thought some of the medicine might per—

haps have gone down willdpipe into lungs.

()ur Vet. thought she showed symptoms

of inflammation of stomach. I would like

to know what caused her death. Mrs. C.

ll. Attica, Mich—Your cow died the re—

sult of acute indigestion and acid poison—

ing. In, the treatment of such cases the

stomach and bowels should be unloaded

as promptly as possible, for if this is not

done death very often occurs. Large

doses of epsom salts given every twelve

hours, or ot'tener if thought necessary

proves to be good treatment in such

cases. it is also important to give ene—

mas every few hours, using soap and

warm water. It is also good treatment

to give stimulants, because the ailment is

attended with considerable weakness. 1t

is also important to give bicarbonate of

soda, (cooking soda). carbonate of am-

monia or calcium chloride to dissipate

ille gases generated within the stomach

and bowels. I prefer to use preparations

of ammonia to either of the other men-

tioned remedies. If the animal suffers

much pain give opiates or the animal will

lose strength. No two cases seem to

require the same treatment: however, it

is well to keep in mind that cathartics and

stimulants are the two remedies to be

relied upon in the treatment of acute in-

digestion.



Bunch on Stlfle.—I have a two-year-old

colt that has a soft, moVablc bunch on

stifle joint which first made its appear-

ance last spring. This hunch is easily

moved and when pressed does not appear

to produce any pain. It must be free

from joint for it causes no lameness. H.

B., Vicksburg, Michfilf the hunch is far

enough away from joint, it could be eas—

ily cut out; however, if it hitches on joint

closely, then apply one part iodine and

eight parts lard three times a week. Per-



, haps you had better delay treatment of

him until you stable him for winter.





ginger, ground





 





 





Mix equal parts





the same way for





giving





l





 





BELLS’

HORSES





'If you wish to have the best

stallion in our community write us





the kind 0 a horse you want.

Address all inquiries





Blill. 31108., Wooster, Ohio.





 





 





UNHAM'S





PERGHERDNS





Our summer importation. in our estimation





the best lot of horses we have ever had at





Oaklawn. has arrived. Numerous impor-

tant. prizenvinners are included. then the

high average is the main thing. as every

animal would be a credit ill any herd. Irlio II,





BUNIIAMS, Wayne, lllinois.





 





 





A. 0. PALMER G SONS.

BBLDING. MICH.





The Pioneer Percheron Breeders oi lithium

offer for sale a choice lot of black





Percheron Stallions and Mares





All registered and young. Fifty head to select from.





BREWERS’ BlllECTilliY. -

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Eerd. consisting of Trojan Ericas Blackbirds and

Prides, only. is headed by erton . . a Trojan Erica,

by Black Woodlawn. sire of' 9 Grand Chain ion steer

and bull .at the International in Chicago. 00.. 1910.

He is assisted b Undulata Blackbird Ito.



WOODC STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





AYRSHInEs-One .. ......... ....,

breeds; young bulls

and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. Poultry. All

pure bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.



imported sire. pedi-





—Y _

GlIBPIISB Bulls grfiénflmished. Prices right.

(i ENN CLARKE. Euu Claire. Mica.





3 Guernsey Bull Calves‘ESé‘édfig‘i‘J.‘ is.

generations, G. A. “'IGENT, Watervliet. Mich.





HOLSTEIN BULLS.





l Grandson of Manor De K0]. 2 years old.



1 Son of Sir Korndyke Pietertie Hengerveld. 14

months old



1 Son of Angie Manor De Kol. 13 months old.



1 Son of Sir Jolie Johanna. 10 months old.



1 Son of Jrhannal‘oncordla Chamfiion, out of a

daughter of De Kol Burk, who as four 31 lb.

daughters.



4 Grandsons of Pietortje Hengervelda Count. De K0].



7 Sons of Johanna Concordia Champion, the only

bull in service whose two grand dams average

34.06 lbs. butter in 7 days. Also cows and heifers

bred to this bull.



let me sell you your next Bull or





Bull Calf. i can please anybody.

L. E. CORNELL, - Fayette, Ohio.





HOLSTEIN BULLS





FOR SALE '





Registered bulls from four to ten months old for

sale that are closely related to Hengerveld

De Kol, De Kols 2nd Butter Boy 3rd, and Colan—

tha 4th’s Johanna. The dams are heavy milkers

and mostly in the A. R. 0. Prices reasonable.

Send for list. Blfloiow’s liolstoln Fem, Bmdsvillefllch.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Purebred Registered

H OLSTE IN CATTLE





. The Greatest Dairy Breed

‘ ' ‘ Send for FREE Illustrated Booklets.

Holstein-Friction, Auo.. Box I64. Brettleborofilt.





TOP N OTCH HOLSTEINS





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com

hining in themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have in the past held World 8 Records for

milk and bother fat at fair noes;



MCPHERSON FAR S C0.. Howell. Mich.





HOLSTEIN BULL—sired by best son of

CALF Pontiac Butterboy—

56 advanced registry daughters—and out of daughter

of Korndyke Queen De Kol. over. 24 lbs. butter in

7 days. Best. breeding on earth. Price right.



C. D. WOODBUBY, E. Lansing, ichigan.





 





 





 





ms moi-now mam...

' LILLIE sAsmsrsAo massive;





   





m 'mw 33:000.?- 9; 8t. 11::ng1 ct

y'all-lo. Elsa” w h maul: calml



I

sale. Write on M1313. and p110... 5mm” ion





gum or _ n refunded.

com “W coopemino. Michigan





Racism mam ror Sale—Some combin.

in; the blood of t Ionic (1 Chicago W rld’

nu Chunpiono by MAN flBMS. Reese. inch?





BU .

EWEIN melt“ 9.33mi? i‘i‘JEhélnii’fie‘fi ”33$





HOBART W. FA Eden. Michigan.



— L CA

lolsleln hiesian Callie 3%....“ .livo‘li

or! Hemedeo. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Michigan.



0R SALH yearll Holstein-Frieslau bulls. also

bred heifers 3150 to each. Bull calves to ”0.



33 years a b er. Photos and pedifnrees on appli.

cation. W. C. Jackson. South Bend. d.. 719 Box 81;.

' —Both a a all ages

HEREFORDS for “it: if... Poland-





Ohiua hop. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.





BUTTER BR ED “EmRSEn‘QXl’é‘”





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





Dairy Bred Sliortliorns‘...‘;‘if.‘.":;l‘.’i"..'21 illififii’f





Gusher good note. J. B. HUMME Mason. Mich.





 





 





 





 





—Do bl St ndard Foiled Durham Bulls.

For sale hei‘lorg, mild cows. 1am closing out.





 





JERSEY BIILLS Filli SALE





Sir-ed by Temisia's Interested Prince 71648. whose dam

made 733 lbs. butter in one rear. authenticated test.

Choice individuals. Prices [lemma 9.





nanomun rm. Mill Alison, men. a. F. n. 7.

Register oi Merit Jerseys. gag mill





 





lot of you bulls from dual with ofloinl records

of 43 gum and u wards of butter.

. F. MA ON. Bay City. Michigan.





 





JERSEY BULL

ONEYEAROLD.





Grand individual and royal blood at modest price.





Write for printed lgree and minute description to

LINDEN LEA J RS Y FARM. Cassopolis. Mich.





FOR SALE"§ Yearling RED POLLED

if taken now. J. M. OHAEEIASEO%rS?€IOn‘i:0Mi$?h





 





Write for prices. Sanford Gmer.‘.8hemnn.-Mich. .





, as; in. 1911.

Slim Ram's for Sale.

DA! 3. No. 1. MI. Inch.





*1 ”sur- °..i~....°- sis



lembe lltor. s. n. on a N. crimson. molt



s ”m at farm risen. Have lino bunch of

year! an: nml haul M



b ' ng ewes. than: Pom'ii'n. 1133?»... his?



Rambonillci Rams—3&2. “23. 3,2132% ‘



lambs. A. E. GREEN. Orchard Lake. Mich. loll Phone. ,





Pulled Delalno Rams for Solo.





F. L. BBOKAW. Eagle. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





Hoes. ‘ ‘





' ' —Gr wt 8 rin Benoit Gilto

”"008 ‘ “dorm: of ghoiltlayest Bree in from Prize :





 





Winners. M. T. BTORY,R. 248. Lowell. Michigan.





BERKSHIRE—Boers at. special prices for 30 days. i

Also Leicester rams. from prizc- -





l





winning stock. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mic h. ;

FOR. SALE. BERKSHlRES—-2 boars & 3 gilt! fursowed in June





also a choice lot of Aug. and Sept. pigs. aired by Handsome

Prince 8d & Marion King. A. A. PA’l‘TULLO. Deckerville, Mich.





' —Sows bred for fall f . B i

BCTkShlles fall service. gumi’i‘i‘i b13353 “luff;

clues. Pricesireasonable. C. . Corey. New Haven. lch.





—Buy a service Boar now.

BerKShires cheap. Other stock also

for sale. 0. B. BARTLETT, Pontiac. Mich.

3 CHOICE BERKSHIRE ready for oer-t

BOAR PIGS vice. Master-

piece and Premier Longfellow wblood—none better.

C. D. WOODBURY. E. Lansing. Michigan.





 





 





 





MPROVED CHESTER WHITES—Ohoice young

boars of March and April furrow. I wil also

sell 10 thoroughbred Holstein cows to freshen in Sept.

and Oct. W. O. Wilson. Okemos. Mich. Both phones.





 





DANS 3306.. Litchileld. Mich. breeders of imp. Cheater

White and Tamworth swine. service hours. sows bred or

open. of either breed. Shorthorn Cattle, Bull Rock. Bull Wynn.

done. W. Orpinxton. Ckls. all breeding stock, leading winners.





0 I C mMarch [31 with quality and best pedi-

- (t3 0 green. ( r or now and get first choice.





. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





 





 





PURE 0 I C’s—'Bmd from prize-winners and



I 0 strains. the nick growthy and

large type. Both sexes. not akin. t llB 8 ring furrow.

Call or write. F. A. C. Schwelterman, ontezuma. O.





 





0 l sis—eitheg‘h “iii. dmal‘shhtf‘lrmw—‘th? large.

. - w y n . lg ype a armers'

fi AN. R. No





prices. A. EWM . 1. Mariette, Michigan.





 





- «Shorthorn C ttle. Shro -

o‘kd‘le stock Fm shire sheep_ 8A few youyfg

bulls for sale. W. J. LESSITEB. Balding, Mich.





 





9 —Best qualit . lar e rowth,

00 In C s For sale type. Blithe; sex.‘ airs no:

akin. some fine bredngilua choice lot of fall pigs all

ages. OTTO B. 80 UL E. Nashville. Michigan.





 





SHEEP.





IMPORTED RIMS AID EWES





Special Offering ‘at Farmen' Prices.

Blimp-hires. Oxfords. Cotswolds. Hampshires, all

ages. 8 lendid individuals reigg for breedin or to

show. at shoes have won rizes in t 0 last

live weeks at. on Monies-Ham inc—Milwaukee—

Detroit and 8t.Jce in the hottest competition.

Sheep sent to responsible Fpartien for: approval at

our risk. Allow us to quote you prices, etc.



'WM. COOPER & NEPHEWS P. S. CO.



64 W. Illinois Street Chicago, Ill.





20 Choice. young



One—third 0



Write wants to E. II. SANDERS. Ashtnbula. Ohio.

cost no more glen other





PARSONS' 0XFoRBS Rams. class





xx. snxxx. $25.00. Write at once for 30 da ‘olub

offer and [Mice list telling how to get 3 Ram tee of

0113 eiof ichigan’elar t breeder of goodshee

PAR CNS—The Sheep an, Grand Ledge. Mic .

WANTE —A CAR LOAD 0F GRADE

BREEDING EWES.





any breed. J. D. S. HANSON. Hart. Michigan.





Oxford-Down Sheep ““fiil’é’ii‘l‘fin

cattle for sale. J. A. DE GARMO. Muir, Mich.

—Good Yearli Field

OXford Down Sheep Rams and eweggf all ages

for-sale. I. ll. WATERBURY. Highland. Michigan.





OXFORD RAMS and EWES





W'rite B. F. Miller or G. L





 





 





 





 





 





bred by and ewes bred to

imported rams, for sale.

. Spillane, Flint. Mich.





OXFORD D0‘VN RAMS FOR SALE-yearling





Bind. lambs. Will sell a few a ed ewes t t-

tractlveiprices. S. E. GILLETT. Rivenna. 0.1110?





FOR SALE—Registered Rambouillet Sheep.

Both sexes. all ages. Prize

winners. IRA B. BALDWIN. Hastings. Michigan.





 





 





EG. Rambouillets of the best. breeding. rams and

‘ ewes from one to car lot at. reduced przce if taken

in Sept. Breeding furnished. All in erfeet health.

1i arm 2% miles E. of Morrice. on G. '1‘. . R. and M. U.

ll“ Come and see me or write your wants. Shee

shipped for inspection if ordered. J. Q. A. COOfi





Oak Hill Stock Farm





VON HOMEYER RAMBOUILLET RAMS‘

at farmers‘ Knees for the next 90 days. Large. plain.





heiii'i' flee“? - C. E. LOCKWOOD, Washington. Mich.





PARSONS’ POLLED DELAINE RAMS





will increase the we‘ ht f ' '

your flock. Gra e X.”§l5: gradgoiil?dszl?1§§v£y of

PARSONS—the Sheep Man." Grand Ledge. Mich.





 





 





 





FOR SALE—335. ghaLfihifi‘m‘E’i‘iiil





producing stock. 0. A. BRISTOL, Fenton. Michigan.





1" Al‘fgilfijllhiéx‘ilf SHROPSdHIRIiis—J‘or sale the imp.

' ‘ . . anager. an ' - '

sired by this noted ram. H. $35.33;? figsofiilfdlfizgé





 





. M ERIDALE J EaSEvs-é





If you would like to know something

more about Meridale Jerseys, ask for

a copy of Meridale Facts.





   





We offer several young bulls of Meridale

breeding. We commend them to all

who seek herd improvement. A booklet





just off press describes them. Sent,

postpaid, on request.



We will sell a few females. List and

description sent on request. We can





better fit the list to your needs if you

Will tell us what you need.





AYER & MCKINNEY





 





300 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia





$2331 Psefggllil'liflgglAIaI‘.)HT(')OKdFAliM has a few extll‘a

_ an u-ye - ] mean

price. L. S. DUNHAM. grS‘ONlSfingogtcgrd. Might.) 8





——Choice yearlin Sh h'

Pl0Ckheaders for sale: also fearllggahrg 22:15

ewes. JONES & MORRISH. Flushing. Michigan.





HROPSHIRE yearling: and m l

S and mutton'type. Prices right:1 Wafitb: 55:33:10th

Also 0. I. C. SWlne. Geo. P. Andrews,.Dansville. Mich.





FOR SALE‘Bafig‘FWI‘Bd Shropshire Ewe





A I . .

at once. Thos. B. Buell. ll. 1". D. 1, Il‘hligihuaiig. film:





Thel Maple Shrogshiresflfimgg ‘ggggle 2

year in; ruins. an o r - — ld '

avlsofillé’lnd sired byuBritlgllrfeomsfiCK ram. bred by





n. E. LAND a SON. Route No. 9. Aim Arbor. Mich.

Registered Shropshire Roms’3.1‘ofmb' “





ones up to $23. LONG BEACH FARM. summmfilgif





EWESShI? fig—Ire Bargains:

a

yearling time from lmFgl'rgdbfli ramé’fi‘l well covered





 





anteed. J.‘.E. 01m AY a 00.. rlm'iffé’zffifi'afl'





large. heavy fleeced '

to quick buyer. Delalne Hams-





 





. —My herd is chiefl

0- II c- SWINE dmnt of the Roya

strain both males and females. Get. my price before

you buy. Will register free of charge in, purchaser's

name. A. J. GOBDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Michigan.





0 I 0 Fa" Pi 3 either sex. Pairs not akin. A few

- - - g spring males. also booking orders for

gilts bred for spring furrow. 'All stock shi pad 0. 0. D.

if desired H. T. CRANDELL. Cass (fity. Mich.





I. Ole—Boers all sold. Choice you sows weigh-

. lug 180, also 60 Aug. & Sept. 1 , cit or sex. pairs

no akin. Order early. Fred Nickel), Monroe. Mich.,R.1.





UROC-JEBBEY SOWS bred for Sept. fa now. Also

spring gilts and bears of choicest breeding at

right prices. E. R. CORNELL. H0“ ell. Mich.





FROG-JERSEY BOARS of the large. heav ' boned





type and rod in unlity. also gilts and all

for sale. M. BRAf. Okemos. (Ingham Cc.) Mirhgs





FOB SALE—A few i b .

Duroc Jerseys o. o... breedin . '"v'vi‘li. °i§3

prices. J. A. MITT ER, Stockbrldge, Michigan.





BUTLEH'S BIG TYPE POLAND-CHINA “We





utility. 10

2'36 fall boars at. 8%: 100 spring plan 810 to $15?50 fall pigs

; 5 registered Shrop bucks at 310 to .15: 6 reg. Jersey

bulls at $15 to 8255 00 reg. hrop ewes at 510. 'e

are the farmer's friend. J. C.Butler, PortlandJMich.





D U R O C-JE RSEYS“¢AX¥A58§

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. D1101).



FOR SALE—DUROC-JERSEY bred sows,



pigs and Shepherd Pups. Ex-



press prepaid. J. H. BANGHAR'I. Lansing. Mich.



' UROC-JERSEYS-—25 fine spring gilts. popular blood lines.



Good individuals: l0 fine boars, b bred sows due to





furrow soon. JOHN McNICOL. R. No. 1. North Star. Mich.

ALL'NIIIIITCEILL DUROCS—l'l fancy sows bredto





 





 





 





 





—size.





 





 





 





 





’ to b tli for Al‘g'uitii andhtSe ‘9. furrow. 165

s ring is. o sexes. ric ri . rite

JP. 0. EARNEY. co DWA R. Mlcfiiéfixis.





 





LARGE TYPE I) C -Largest in Michigan. Pigs



Y _ 0__ - from mammoth sire: and



cows. Weigh 160 to bulbs. at 4 months. My motto-—



Not. how cheap but. how cod." Will pay ex-



penseeof those who come an do not. find what I

advertise. W. E. LIVINGSTON. Purma, Mich.





POLAND CHINA SPRING PIGS from large stvled

stock. Also dairy brr‘d Shortborns. both sexes.

all ages, prices low. ROBERT NEVE, Pierson. Mich.

Pola nd Chlnas“fiiimpi§s°dei€iéi‘“ at

L. W. BARNESA SON, Byron. Shiawassoc 00.. Mich_





P. C. Boars and Fall Pigs :igsr'sl‘giim;

notch i’owls. Northrufi and «nude stock. Satis-

tion guaranteed. . W. MILLS. Saline. Mich.





~Bred from let .3 t . 8

P018” ClllllliS all gee both Began. {Lelnrnfifi

prices. W. J. HAGEIS AW. Augusta, Michigan.





Bill Type 1; C. Boars and Sows flagging;





sion. A. A. 00D & SUN. Saline. Michigan.





—A few bi t' S t. G'lt b

Polalld-Chlflas for Sept.g fliggovgp A1210 83 rien:

pigs. 11.. D. BISHOP. Route 38. Luke Odessa. ich.





Three Extra Good Fall P. 6. Bears





By Next In Line. 32 eprln male pigs read to shi .

I ship 0. O. D. and furnitfii pedigree proulptly.

you want. good as the best, write me for prices.





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater. Michigan.





—8tockofallagecf r l P‘ ' .‘

Mllelflill "088 Best. ualivtvy 13.3.1180; Saiécerréfiili.

at Lima. G. C. KRE LO . Ada. Hardin 00., Ohio.





For Sale—Yorkshire Plgs

Both sexes. July furrowing.

WATERMAN 8: WATERMAN. .

Successor: to the Hurray-Waterman 00.. ANN ARBOR. HIGH. '





lillie Farmstead YorkshireS‘EPD‘J," 3.15 !

Oak Lodge blood predominates. Large Herd. Three 1

service boon. Pair- end tries. not akin. Boers ready .

{or service. A lot of :pring pigs. Glam: £11331: ifor {



on earth. on '

no. 1.112211. Coops e. Mich. :
. without danger of stunting.





     





 





OCT. 21, 1911. .'





. W

> ' ,4

> . . . .4

b - a

> .

AAAAAAAAAAAAMA’AAA AAAJA'A





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





j.





 





 





 





 





RAISING CALVES. \



It is not new,in fact it is the original

and natural way to raise calves, i. e.,

upon the cow. There are, however, var-

iations of the program and in this varia-

tion lies its merits. It is several years

since this farm has grown any skim-milk

calves and the abandonment has been in

every way satisfactory.‘



In most herds of cows there are found

some that are defective, hard milkers,

short teats, cows whose milk tests low,

or cows past their prime. It is this class

of cows that, instead of being the foster

mothers of the human race, are the foster





--grandmothers whose duty it is to raise





the foster mothers. Some of these cows

will raise six or eight calves during the

season. Sometimes it is a veal calf and

again two heifer calves. The calves are

early accustomed to eat grain, corn and

oats), and may be weaned at 90 days

The grain

ration, with hay, is an important item.

The development of calves thus raised

is more'uniform than is usual among

pail raised calves. The calf’s stomach

will not take the 'milk in all conditions,

as the pig’s will, and swine have paid

more for the skim-milk, sweet or sour,

warm or cold, than will the calves under

similar conditions. The labor Of milking

the Off grades of cows mentioned, togeth-





er with the preparation of the milk» and'





teaching the calves to drink, are items

Of labor in excess of the method of suck-

ling which are not often considered.



Of all young creatures the calf is the

most sinned against in the animal king-

dom. The young of equine, ovine and of

sWine are allowed to have sustenance at

nature’s fountain, but the dairy bovine is

cast aside with almost cruel

to gets its living from a. pail. Employes

dislike to teach calves to drink and ex-

press their feelings in unprintable lan-

guage. The calf makes its protest so

determined that it decides then and there

to become a "Robber Cow." For days

there is a lockout between the calf and

its'feeder, and before the “strike” is

broken the tender stomach of the calf is

injured and the staring coat and pot belly

are the posted notices of the dairy out—

law that consumes feed and makes no

adequate return therefore. Cow testing

associations are formed and the “rob-

bers" are apprehended with all the gusto

of the amateur detective when~it would

seem that even “Sherlocko the Monk"

could have discovered the cause in the

unnatural and stunting process. One of

the noticeable things is that range-raised

beef animals are, as a rule, well formed

and fulfill their function of meat makers

uniformly, much more so than the aver-

age dairy cows and are usually good.

There is, either greater prepotency in the

beef breeds than in the dairy breeds, or

else lack of skill in the raising of the

latter. The same reproduction of type in

the other meat animals like swine and

sheep is comparatively easy as compared

to the continuity of the dairy line of

adequate producers.



When farmers learned that the so-

called proceSS of toughening colts by

raising them around the straw stack

really resulted in a poorer specimen of

draft animal they changed their methOds,

and such ideas are not now considered

good practice. From the standpoint of

profit, and figuring the return from some

"or the defective cow list, if Inilked, the

gain is greater where calves are raised

on. them than their use in any other way.



The calves are tied with a broad strap

around the neck and a short chain with

a snap. Each calf is kept in a Clean, dry,

well—lighted place, and the one or two

calves given the Opportunity to suck

night and morning. Grain feed is given

in a clean trough and no grain is better

than whole corn and oats. In six weeks’

time the calf is a good grain and hay

eater and if necessary can be weaned at

three months if continued on grain feed.

A fact more generally known than prac-

ticed is that calves dO better on dry feed

the first year of their lives and that un—

ground grain is also better 'during that

period than ground feed.



This plan of calf raising is more prac-

tical where a reasonably large herd is

maintained, or the ability to put calves

on the cows when the older calves can

be weaned is the condition. In the re-

plenishment of the cow herd in the milk

shipping districts, this will be found a

profitable way for maintenance.





 





ingenuity .





 





   





u .. ' /‘~





'If ever there was a time ‘when‘ raising

good cows is demanded it is now. A cow

famine look's imminent. At the state

fair the deputy dairy and food commis-

sioner made a showing of the child’s

milk received in the natural way and

the dangers when drawn through a tube

60 miles long, i. e., shipped by rail for

that distance and then fed to children. In

a similar way the infantile stomach dis-

orders of the calf, when fed sour milk

and improper feed, are manifested. Where

is is desired to hasten from the liquid to

the solid or cheaper foods the logical way

is to early establish the calf on the grain

ration, which is in any event to be its

feed sooner or later. The illogical way

is to feed it an unbalanced and unsani-

tary food, as in many cases is skim-milk.



The success that comes from calf foods

and skim-milk is the grain ration in

these proprietary foods. Calves have

been fairly raised on “hay tea” and grain

and the latter was their salvation. On

the range an occasional young calf is

separated from its dam by death or

stampede, and the calf manages to live.

It resembles the poorest specimen of a

pail-raised calf and lives entirely on pas-

turage-. Cowboys term them “dogies”

and a “dogie” never grows into a prime

beef animal. Dogie is not a word of re-

proach so much as of pity. Homeless





 





" THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





arise were held by the low ceiling and

certainly would contaminate the milk in

the large open pails. Several cats and a

big dog were playing about, constantly

brushing against the milkers or against

the pails. Worst of all, perhaps, the sep-

arator was in an open pen in a corner of

the barn. There it was subject to all the

dust from the floor» and all the filth that

the wind might carry to it from off the

floor.



Really, clean wholesome milk may be

produced without unreasonable effort.

First the cows will need attention. If

they are healthy in body and have no

diseased udder and are fed judiciously

they will do their part. Then the cows

will need a clean, well ventilated stable,

with a large amount of window space to

keep the stable cheerful and to destroy

disease germs. .



Cleanliness in every detail in handling

the milk is the keynote of the whole

problem. Bacteria cause milk to sour or

spoil. Foreign material anywhere serves

as a home for bacteria. Get rid of every

particle of foreign matter or filth and you

get rid of harmful bacteria. Pails, cans

and every vessel used in caring for the

milk should be washed and scalded after

every milking. The washing does the

most of the cleansing but the scalding is

necessary to kill the bacteria that still





 





 





Bunch of Calves Nurtured by Foster Mothers.





and orphan children are, in cowboyesque

terms, referred to as dogies. The word

is pronounced with the long sound of O,

as in dog. I never see an ill-favored calf

but the word dogie comes into my mind.

In the photograph there is shown a

“bunch of grafters” on‘their foster moth-

ers, who will not grow up to be dogies

In the stock yards such animals as dog-

ies are referred to not so kindly, but as

sunfish, knotheads, yellow boys, etc.

There is a good opportunity for changes

in the ordinary methods of calf raising.

Shiawassee Co. JAs. N. MCBRIDE.





CLEAN MILK.





 





 





Clean milk is what milk consumers are

demanding everywhere. Little or no Ob-

jection is raised as to price. Everywhere

people are saying that they would be per-

fectly willing to pay a higher price per

quart if they could feel sure that they

were getting milk that is perfectly pure

and clean and from healthy cows. Be-

sides that, every man who keeps a. single

cow or a large herd wants pure, whole-

some milk for his family use.



Milk from any cow which is diseased in

any way is not wholesome. While most

cow diseases are not transmitted to man

through the milk it is against the taste

and feeling of any normal person to use

such milk. Of course, the great scourge

among cows is tuberculosis. The con—

census of opinion today seems to be that

this awful disease is contracted by babies

fed on milk from tuberculous cows. No

one wants to drink milk from infected

cows. No considerate man would sell

milk from tuberculous cows. Now, the

only way to be sure that the herd is free

from this disease is to have the cows

tuberculin tested. Then, if any react

they should be disposed of. It will spread





,and infect all the cows, thus causing the





loss of all the cows in the herd if it is

not stamped out »



But it is chiefly in handling the milk

that most concern need be given new. A

barn visited a few days ago showed many

things that were undesirable and un-

wholesome. The milking was done in a

dark basement. All foul odors that might





remains after even the most thorough

washing. The high temperature of boil-

ing water or steam, if it is available,

kills nearly all kinds of bacteria. The

separator must not be allowed to escape

this thorough cleansing. There are enough

grooves and crevices in the ordinary sep-

arator bowl to harbor millions of germs.

I'nless the bowl and all its parts are kept

thoroughly cleansed all cream that passes

through it will be infested.



The proper location Of a separator room

needs more attcniion than it commonly

receives. It should never be in a corner

of the cow barn where it will be a dump—

ing place for filth that floats thiough the

air and where it will act as a collector

of bad odors. The. separator room, it is

true, needs to be close to the barn for the

sake Of convenience, yet it must be far

enough away so that the above objections

are overcome. Sometimes the separator

room is built as an annex to the barn but

with two pairs of swinging doors between

this does vory well.



At milking time a few simple things may

be easily observed which will greatly aid

in producing clean milk, or cream. If

the udder and body are, kept well brushed

at milking time by running a wet rag

over those parts, the small particles that

may be clinging to the hair will be kept

from falling into the pail. Then the

milker should have his hands clean and

wear clothes that are not soiled. There

are no particular advantages in wearing

white milking suits, except that white

shows dirt more readily.



The writer prefers the pail with a cov-

ered top and which has an opening of

about four inches. He objects in his own

work, to putting a cotton strainer over

that opening. To the minds of some peo—

ple that cotton strainer would be a per-

fect excluder of foreign matter of all

kinds. However, it never seemed to work

out just that way. The trouble was that

a bit of foreign matter would fall upon

the cotton pad. Then the streams of milk

falling constantly upon it would dissolve

it completely and carry most of it through

the strainer pad.



When once the milk has been produced

in as 'clean a. manner as possible it wilt





 





 





 





(9) V 337





help greatly in keeping it sweet if it is

cooled at once and put away where it

will be kept at a uniformly low tempera-

ture'.

Iowa. H. E. MCCARTNEY.





_%_.._.





OCTOBER DAIRY NOTES.





 





 





Saving ensilage, hay and grain for win-

ter feeding and allowing the dairy cows

to fall away in milk yields and flesh con-

dition during October and November is

very doubtful economy. Unless special

care is given the cows from now until

they are safely secured in their winter

stable there is sure to be some rather

thin boarder cows with us this winter.

It is always best to have the cows go into

the barn for the winter in a good, vigor-

ous condition. They may be giving a fair

amount of milk this month, but if they

are drawing on their own bodies, they are

certain to fall off in milk yields and con—

dition when winter begins and their ra-

tion is changed. It is very difficult to

regain a milk yield or flesh condition dur-

ing the winter months.



Pastures and meadows may look green

and thrifty during the fall but the grass

contains far less nourishment than it 'does

during the spring and summer, conse-

quently, supplemental feeds must be sup-

plied or there will be a loss of milk yields

and flesh. Corn fodder and hay will help

to balance the detrimental effects of

green, washy grass and bring good re—

turns to the feeder. I would much pre-

fer to waste a few loads of corn fodder,

cnsilage or hay than to carry the herd

along on short rations until December.

A little grain food at this season of the

year when all kinds of dairy products are

ringing high prices will also bring good

fiaturns. In‘ fact, unless the cows are

(getting plenty of nutritious pasture grass

and forage crops it will pay excccdingly

well to feed a little wheat bran and glu-

ten, and perhaps a little linseed oil meal.

1 always make a practice of fccding some

kind of fecd‘ known to possess laxative

qualities when the cows are being chang-

ed from pasture grass to dry winter feeds

and find no feed bcitcr than oil meal.

Grain foods are particularly needed by

the cows that have freshened during the

summer and autumn. Cows that have

been milking seven or eight months can

waste valuable fced rapidly if— fed ex-

pensive concentrates near the close of

their lactation period. Cows differ wide-

ly in their ability to consume feed at a.

profit and it requires the hand of a.

master feeder to plan their rations so

that he will secure a profit and at the

same time maintain the cows in good,

vigorous condition.



If we pasture our best meadow lambs

and give the cows the run of the whole

farm during the fall months considerable

feed may be saved for winter, but few

practical farmers find that it pays them

to turn their fields into pastures and al-

low the cows to trample down the mea-

dows and new seeding. It is not profit-

able to hire a man to herd the cows and

the writer will say, for one, that he is

not in favor of having his fields sub-di-

vided into small lots by cross fences and

having to work around these fences while

plowing and cultivating.



New York. \V. MILTON KELLY.





A NEW FIELD FOR CO-OPERATION.

..l“robably one of the most objectionable

features to the, dairy business is milking.

It often happens in scouring help that a.

man will refuse to labor because the em—

ploycr desires him to milk cows. This

condition is made worse from the fact

that men in the market for employment

are in such demand these days that they

can discriminate much to their liking.



The arduous work connected with the

making of cheese and buttcr in the home,

has driven these two businesses into the

hands of, specialists who are either em-

ployed by the community or work in their

own interests. The household has been

relieved, however, of the duty and the

attitude of the farmer’s wife, as well as

of the farmer himself, protects the home

against a re-invasion, at least to any

general extent, of butter making and

cheese making.



Now we ask the question, why is it not

just as possible that the daily milking of

too cows be placed in the hands of ex-

pert milkers? We realize that this would

need to be conducted upon a much small-

er basis, but We contend that the outlook

for such a co-operative scheme appears

as bright now as did that of the other





 





industries before they'had actually been.





established. Such a scheme would seem

actually commendable where a number

of small dairymen lived in close prox-





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THE ‘MICHIGAN





imity. The use of machinery for milking

purposes lends added force to the reason

for such co-operation, inasmuch as it

would do away with the necessity of dup-

licating the machinery; also, the interest

on the investment in barns. stables, milk-

houses, cream separators and other

equipment and the depreciation thereon

would make a emuch smaller percentage

of the cost of the production than where

the cows were milked in several different

localities. A better control of sanitary

conditions could be provided, thus en-

hancing returns by increasing the selling

price of the products. The changing of

the milk to butter, or cheese, or ice

cream, would become a part of the co~

operative enterprise, thus placing the

whole course of the milk. from the cow to

the manufactured product, under the eye

of a specialist. \Ve realize that this idea.

will be considered insane by some, but it

appears to grow as it is given more

thought, and we believe .that future

dairying will find this part of the work

specialized, the same as butter making

and cheese making have become.

Wayne Co. A. B. H.





 





OO-OPERATIVE BUYING OF DAIRY

FEEDS.





 





I wish to speak of this matter now

becauSe it is timely. Winter will soon be

here, and the dairy that yields a profit

for the next few months must be liber-

ally and properly fed. It will pay to feed

liberally, providing the feed that must

be purchased to supplement what has

been grown on the farm is bought eco—

nomically. Since our Canadian friends

have summarily declined the offer of our

markets, the price of butter has risen

rapidly and dairymen everywhere may

renew their courage.



We have co-operated in the purchase

of dairy feeds in this community for

years and I speak from considerable ex-

perience in saying that the plan is in

every way satisfactory. We have band-

led a good many carloads of bran, cot-

Ionseed meal, wheat and corn flake

feeds, etc. and in so far as We know

eyery obligation for money has been met

in full. lVe make up our orders in any

and every convenient way: at the Grange,

over the telephone, when we meet in

town. or when we pass each other on

the road. It does not matter how, so

long as every man gets what he wants.

\Ve buy our cottonseed meal of one of

lhe large companies and have it shipped





 





 





 

 

 





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to us directly. If we have any doubts

about the quality of the meal, we send

a sample to the College for analysis.

The company sends a sight draft to the

bank in the town where the feed is dev

livered; the man who delivers the feed

just bids the banker a pleasant “good-

morniug,” receives the bill of lading, goes

to the freight oliice, pays the freight, op—

cns the car and work begins in earnest.

Twenty tons of cottonseed meal can be

delivered in much less time than one

would think. I have‘seen five or six

teams in waiting at once, and it would

be only the work of a. short hour to tum—

ble the sacks into the wagons and send

the last man home satisfied. During the

day, the car would probably be entirely

emptied. Each man receives a slip con-

taining the number of bags in his load.

He presents this at the bank and pays

there for the feed. Thus the trouble of

handling money and making change at

the car is saved and the danger of loss

from this source is avoided. On the oc-

casion of our first delivery of cottonseed

meal, payment was made at the car and

the neighbor who had charge of the work

lost a ten-dollar bill. It was probably

blown away. We got our lesson from

that circumstance. Since then every-

body pays at the bank, there is a record

of every load, no mistakes are made and

consequently nothing Is lost. But some-

one will say, “You must have a very

obliging banker." lVell. yes, we have

but on the other hand, while there is not

a rich man, nor even a very large farm-

er, among us, we keep our credit good

at the bank. Every man can do this if

he will and it is not only right in prin-

ciple, but it pays out in practice. Every

rural community should keep on the best

possible turns with the business men of

their town. But, some will ask, “What

is the effect of co-operative buying? Does

it not tend to sever the kindly relations

that ought to exist between town and

country?” Well, under certain conditions

it might. But our friends in town .must

adapt themselves to these new conditions.

The right of farmers to combine and co-

operate in the purchase of raw materials

used In their business or of anything

needed upon the farm ought to be as clear





'FARMER.



to the individual of average intelligence

as any other human right. It is certainly

just as well founded as the right of the

dealer to buy a farm and grow corn and

potatoes and keep a dairy in competition

with the farmer. Every sensible dealer

knows this to be true and will tacitly

admit it and ,there need not be the least

trouble if farmers engaged in co-operative

buying are careful not to do so in a spirit

of opposition to the man who is handling

the same line of goods. In other words,

all we farmers need to do, in order to

live in peace and harmony With our

friends in town, is to go right on about

our business, quietly but earnestly, and

treat the dealer always exactly as we

would have him treat us.



00- operative buying of dairy feeds ad-

vertises the business of the dealer. All

men will not buy in this way, not even

a majority will do so. In many localities

the great majority of men underfeed

their cows during the winter season to

an extent that not only destroys their

profits but leads to the loss of the ma-

jor part of the scrimpy ration that they

reluctantly feed. But one or two of these

men come along while the car Is being

unloaded. “\\'hat is that stuff?” they

ask. “What is it good for? How much

does it cost? Can I get a bag to take

home? I want to try it." They are told

that the dealer handles it, and they can

get some of him. Then if they want to

buy when the next car is ordered, their

chance will be good. So the parties get

valuable information, the dealer sells

some feed and both are pleased. I am

sure there is not a dealer in this part of

our county that has not profited indirect—

ly from the practice of co-operative buy-

ing prevalent among us, but this is not

all. The practice is in itself a means of

education. It tends to make the farmer

a better business man. It teaches the

value of cash in the making of purchases.

It leads to the discussion and comparison

of dairy rations and this tends inevitably

to better methods of dairy feeding.





In every dairy section where the cream .





is marketed at the creamery on shipped

to some other point, large numbers of

hogs are usually kept. It is very im-

portant ‘that these animals should be fin-

ished off. and marketed at the right time,

if the largest profits are to be made. To

do this it is often necessary to buy some

feed, as the corn may not be matured.

There are feeds that can be purchased

for this purpose which will yield a hand-

some return for the labor and money ex-

pended. These feeds can be bought in

the same manner with quite as large a.

percentage of profit. “’e want to grow

all the feed we can at home, but it is

often profitable to supplement our home-

grown feeds with purchases from outside

and co-opcraiion will be found the best

method of making" these purchases.

Oceana Co. W. F. TAYLOR.





DIDN’T EXPOSE THE DAIRY COWS.

Dairy cows will not stand the exposure

that beef cows will stand. With the

latter the fat is distributed through the

flesh and forms a layer under the skin,

which serves to keep the animal heat in

Inc body and gives the cows a certain

amount of protection when they are ex-

posed. 'l‘he cow of a dairy breed turns

all this fat into milk and does not have

it to use as a protection from cold. If

the dairy cow is exposed to the cold

rains of fall and spring, or the cold winds

of winter, the flow of milk is invariably

lessened. A neighbor not Infrequently

blankets his cows when turning them

out into an open field where there is no

shelter, on especially cold. days.



Virginia. F. H. SWEET.





 





In some foreign experiments with dairy

cows, according to report received by the

department of agriculture, when the in-

tervals between milk are about 12 hours,

for example cows milked at 6:00 a. m.,

and 6:00 p. m., then the morning fat ex-

ceeds evening fat by .18 per cent on the

average of 22 tests. When the intervals

between milking are_about 13 and 11

hours, for example, cows milked at 6:00

a. m. and 5:00 p. m., then the evening fat

exceeds the morning fat by .33 per cent

on the average of 19 tests. When the

intervals between milking are about 14

and 10 hours, for example, cows minted

at 6:00 a. m. and 4:00 p. m., then the

evening fat exceeds morning fat by .70.

per cent on the average of 18 tests. When

the intervals between milking are about

14% and 935 hours, for example, cows

milked at 6:00 a. m. and 3:30 p. m., then

the average eVenlng fat exceeds morning

fat by 1.09 per cent on the average of 391

tests. -





» . ‘ " I OCT. 21. 1911. \





The MAY stem TOR





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OCT. 21, 1911.





CROPS FOR AN IDEAL DAIRY FARM.





Some time ago we published in these

columns general descriptions of four

dairy farms, each containing practically

160 acres of land. The net profits on one

of these farms was 1,616 times the profit

with the reasoning and conclusions which





\led to the adoption of the system.

, most profitable farm is conducted.





The crops raised in the system followed

upon the farm in question are, corn, al-

falfa and rye, the rye being sown in the

corn at the last cultivation as a catch

crop for pasture. There is sown 95 acres

of corn and 57 acres of alfalfa. Four

acres of land are required for buildings,

and yards. It will require six horses to

do the work upon this farm. A daily

ration of 13 lbs. of corn and 15 lbs. of

alfalfa hay has been demonstrated by the

University of Illinois as a practicable ra-

tion to feed horses. At this rate it would

take 7.98 acres of corn and 4.05 acres of

alfalfa, or 12.03 acres in all, to care for

the horses. The roads and fences would

take out another four acres, thus leaving

139.97 of the 160 acres available for dairy

purposes.



During the six months of summer when

the cows should produce an average of 13

lbs. of milk per day, they should receive

on an average 40 lbs. of silage and 13.5

lbs. of alfalfa hay per cow per day. These

two feeds fed in the above proportion

would furnish 1.85 lbs. of protein, 9.86 lbs.

of carbohydrates and .45 lbs. of fat, giv-

ing. as a nutritive ratio of 125.9. Now,

according to our best information, a cow

weighing 1,100 lbs. and producing 13 lbs.

of milk daily demands 1.38 lbs. of protein,

10.51 lbs. of carbohydrates and .32 lbs. of

fat, which we see is practically provided

by the above ration, there being a slight

deficiency in carbohydrates. This

amount of feed would demand 7,280 lbs.

of corn silage, to which we, should add

five per cent for waste, making 7,644 lbs.

of corn silage required per cow for the

six summer months. It would, therefore,

require .32 acres of land to feed one cow

during the six months with corn silage.

Of alfalfa it would require 2,457 lbs., or

.31 acres, to feed one, cow during the same

six months. Summing up we find it

would take .63 acres to supply the sum-

mer feed for one cow.



In the winter six months the cows

should produce 24 lbs. of milk per day on

an average. It requires that they be fed

40 lbs. of corn silage, 5.5 lbs. corn meal

and 11 lbs. of alfalfa hay per cow per

day. Now, this combination of feed would

supply digestible nutrients as follows:

Protein, 2 lbs; carbohydrates, 12.55 lbs:

fat, .65 lbs., making a nutritive ratio of

1:7. Scientific calculation shows that a

1,100-lb. cow, producing 24 lbs. of milk

daily requires 1.88 lbs. of protein, 12.88

lbs. carbohydrates and .49 lbs. of fat.

Calculating as above for the summer

months we find that in the six months of

winter each cow would demand .28 acres

of corn in the form of silage, .27 acres of

corn to supply the corn meal and .22 acres

to provide the alfalfa, making in all .77

of an acre to support a cow during the

six winter months.



Fifty seven acres of corn ground is

sown to rye in the fall, which provides

pasture for both fail and spring. It is

calculated that the cows could be turned

on the field for about 33 days during the

year, and while feeding on this rye, the

ration of silage could be diminished and

the grain discontinued altogether during

that period of time. From the above cal—

culation we see that where it required

.55 of an acre of corn to feed the cow in

the winter six months and .32 of an acre

in the summer six months, that .27 of an

acre-of corn would be required to feed a

cow per year, and if it takes .22 of an

acre of alfalfa in the winter six months

and .31 in the summer six months, it

would require .53 of an acre to supply the

alfalfa part of the ration per cow per

year. Dividing the cropping of the farm

so that we would have sufiicient alfalfa

and corn to feed an equal number of

cows, we find that the division would

require 87.02 acres of corn and 52.95 acres

of alfalfa, which would practically sup-

port 100 cows the amount that could be

kept on the 139.97 acres available for this

purpose. Each cow would need 1.4 of an

acre per year. But this sized herd would

demand the keeping of bulls and heifers

to the number of about 16 in order that

the old cows could be replaced with

younger ones and breeding properly car-

ried on. This would leave 84 milch cows,

which, if they would produce 6,000 lbs. of

milk per year apiece would give a total

of 504,000 lbs. during the course of. a

single year.



It is to be understood that the above





   





THE MICHIGAN





calculations are figured on the average

yield of the above crops as nearly as can

be estimated—the corn being expected to

grow 55 bushels per acre and yield two

tons of stover, while the alfalfa is ex-

pected to provide four tons of hay per

acre. The system was worked out by

Chief in Dairy Husbandry Fraser, of the

University of Illinois, and his assistant.





 





WHITEWASHiNG THE DAIRY

STABLE.



All progressiVe dairymen understand

the value of whitewashing in stables.

However, we find a very small percentage

of men who keep dairy cows that follow

this practice. The lime in the whitewash

destroys insects and harmful bacteria

with which it comes in contact, and be-

sides, it keeps the stables sweet and is

a good material for lighting up dark

barns.



Just how often whitewash can be ap-

plied to get the maximum of benefit from

it is, of course, a mooted question. The

whole stable should be gone over once in

the spring and again in the fall. How-

ever, it is better to-give them one good

painting a year than not to do it at all.

If, in conjunction with the two applica-

tions, the stalls themselves could be treat—

ed about once every month during the

six months, practically ideal conditions,

so far as covering for the stable walls

and stalls are concerned, would be main-

tained.



One of the greatest objections to this

work is applying the mixture. The usual

manner of putting it on is to take an

ordinary whitewash brush and go over

the walls to be treated. The ingenuity

of the Yankee has overcome this difficulty

to a very large degree by using an ordi-

nary spray pump for putting on the

whitewash. By this means the mixture

can be applied very quickly, and the op-

erator is not made uncomfortable by hav-

ing the mixture come in contact with his

person. Sprayers used for applying solu-

tions to fruit trees can be employed in

this service.



The ordinary whitewash is made by

simply slaking lump quicklime in hot wat-

er. This is probably the cheapest wash

that can be had. It, however, flakes off

and makes the walls look spotted in a

short time after application. Its merits

lie in the fact that it is cheap and is a

good disinfectant. There are a number

of cold water paints on the market that

make a good coating for this purpose.

Possibly the best material, however, and

one that will last for years, is what is

known as the government, or white house

whitewash. This material is not only

valuable for ordinary work but can be

used where it is exposed to the elements

and will cling almost as well as paint,

thus making it valuable for treating the

fences about the barn where stock is

kept.



Formula for Making Government

Whitewash.





Use a half bushel of unslaked lime, a

peck of salt, three pounds of ground rice.

a half pound of powdered Spanish whit-

ing and one pound of glue. To make,

slake the lime in warm water. having the

receptacle covered during the process,

and strain the liquid through a strainer

with a fine mesh seive. Dissolve the salt

in warm water and add it to the slaked

lime. Have the ground rice boiled to a

thin paste and stir it in the above mix-

ture while boiling hot. Add the Spanish

whiting and glue, which has been dis-

solved over a slow fire. Five gallons of

hot water should next be added to the

mixture. which is stirred well and al-

lowed to stand for a couple of days. The

receptacle in which it is contained should

be covered to prevent dirt from getting

in. The mixture should be applied hot

and it is well to strain it a second time

before using, in order to remove any

lumps that would interfere with its ap-

plication.



Should one desire to- make a material

of a different color, it can be done by

adding either common clay, Spanish

brown, yellow ochre, or other material to

produce the shade or color wanted.



By the careful use of the whitewash

about the stables, it is possible to produce

a much better quality of milk than can

be secured where this precaution is not

taken. There is no question about its

utility. and the farmer who wishes to be

up-to-date should certainly not overlook

a matter of such importance as this part

of his dairy work.





 





 





Progress is being made in the dairy

business but all dairymen are not in the

line of march. Some will need to be

drafted into service. '





 





 





 





FARMER. . ' 4 01> 339





 





 





Make Your

Fall and .,

Winter

Dairying

Profitable





The wasteful losses of any “gravity” setting system or poor

cream separator are always greatest when the milk is often cool or

the cows are Old in lactation, and under these conditions, with butter

prices highest, the use of the best cream separator becomes even

more important than at any other season, so that a





DEA LAVAL





Will Save its Cost by Spring





\Vith any setting system you are wasting at. least, a quarter of

your product at this season, with cream and butter values highest,

while the superiority of the De Laval to other separators is always

greatest, under the difficult conditions of separation, particularly in

the skimming of cool milk.



\Vhy delay your purchase of a De Laval until another spring.

Put it in now and let. it save its own cost meanwhile. And as to

that you may either buy for cash or on such liberal terms that the

machine will actually pay for itself.



You may prove all this by test to your own satisfaction. See the

local De Laval agent or connnunicate directly with the Company.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Simpler Than You Ever Thought fa





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In an engine, the more things to get outof order.

Every added part means an extra danger of n.

break~down just when you need the engine most.



The McVicker can't. break down—every

unnecessary part has been sent to the junk-

heap, where it belongs~there's nothing to the

engine except what's necessary to do the work.

And cutting out. these unnecessary parts has

made it pessihlo for us to strengthen and improve

the vituis of the engine until it's a hundred per

cent perfect.



You never have to ”coax" the Marvelous

McVicker—it's always on the job. Set it going,

then go away and attend to something else—you

can bank on the McVicker running till the gas-

oline gives out. You don't. have to be a mechanic

forun the McVicker. It's not necessary to spend hours

every once in a while tinkering with it. Your ten-yenr-old

boy can get just. as good results with the Marvelous

McVicker as you can. It runs itself.



With only four moving parts, the McVicker delivers

one-sixth more power on less fuel—tho cheapest sfove gas-

olino too. It will stand at least. 60 per cent more sudden

overload than any other engine—will run fanning mill,

. . churn, separator, saw, corn-press, thresher, pump—do dozens of things about the term. It

is made in sizes to fit all power needs.





WRITE FOR INTERESTING FREE ENGINE BOOK





Don't think of buying an engine until you have investigated the Marvelous McVicker.





Write for our free book on engines; full of valuable engine information, includln desert tion of mod

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ALMA MANUFACTURING CO., Dept. «4], Alma, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





Give it to them with Louden'a Sanitary Stalls and Stanchions.

You will be repaid over and over by the increaseof both quantity and

quality of milk and the satisfaction of having a barn equipped with

the moat econ0mlcal, and up-to-dnte sanitary burn equipment made.

R‘ Louden I SleeI Slalls are medoof tubular steel. Simple, strong and

'. practically indestructible. Once installed they are there for a life—

sII‘K‘Icey. hzvheehgffflohd amfpie ventilation, light and perfect sanitation.

:1 our aces '

’1 cement 9' wooden floors. to catch and hold dirt. Made for either

In Louden 8 SlanChlons—ore the perfect ltnnchiona, affording the cow

almost, thesnme freedom when feeding or sleeping in if free yet

keeps them perfectly lined up at all times. Catch in easily opened

wnh gloved hand, yet is completely "cow proof. ” Made entirely of

steel. No wood to harbor dirt,—no sharp corners to injure cows.

The Louden Electra Galvanizing Process with which we finish

London. Equipmentwhen desired, adds greatly to the appearance and

durability of the equipments It is 1: perfect coating of pure zinc

“1°."th preventative of corrosion known, applied by special proceu'

which_ia for superior to the ordinary hot process galvanizing I

Investigation before equipping your urn may lave you disappoint-

ment. It is cheaper-to put “LOUDEN QUALITY’ in your burn or

'/ finz, than to experiment with inferior equipment. Write for catalo

. 4-1. of modem labor and moneyanving barn equipment, .





XQLOUDEN MACHINERY CO. 603 Broadway FairfieldJa.





   

   

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





Write for Free Booklet





-,. SWITI'IDIIT Mill/Pi





 





“How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk"





Cont-inc full information and complete feeding direction. for using





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BARTLETT 6' C0., Jackson, Michigan.





 





 





7’“me





 





.ngznlvrrwywr ‘r-v—szvé-Nx-arrww '. ‘





. .,_.r_
340 mi





The Michigan" Farmer





ESTABLISHED 1843.

THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING CO.





EDITORS AND PROPR‘IETORS.

39 to 4'5 Congress St. West, Detroit. Michigan

TELEPHONE Mum 4526.





le YORK OFFII‘E—‘il Park Row



CHICAGO OFFICE—600 First Nat' l. Bank Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—1011 1015 Oregon Ave"



amp RAPIDS OFFICE—5 & 6 New Hawkins Building.





 





 

 

 

 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ........................... Pres ident.

M. L. LAWRENCE ........... .. . .Vioe- President.

R. H. HOUGHTUN ........... . ..Sec -’.lreas

I. B. WATERBURY ....... ... .



O. E. Yi lUNG .............. ... Associate

BURT VVERMITTH. .... Edition.





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Camgian 11.11.311.311.“ 50 cents a your aura firmtago.





 





 





 





 





Always send money by draft postoiiloo money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address

munications to, and make all (ix-nth. checks md post~



. oflioe orders payable to, the Lawrence Publishing 00.





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orders amountiu rfito or over. No sdv’ t. inserted

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nil com-





 





 





COPYRIGHT 19"





by the La“ rem-c Pub. Co All persons are warned

against. reprinting 11111 portion of the contents of

of this issue 11 iLhout our 11 ritten. permission.





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay gill expenses for

defending any suit, brought against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notlce is sent to us, before suit

ls started.



Avoid further trouble by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expira-

atlon of subscription.



The Lawrence Publishing 00.,



Detroit, Mich.





DETROIT, OCT. 2|, 1 91 I.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





READ THE ADVERTISEMENTS.



We desire at this time to urge every

reader of the Michigan Farmer to read

the advertising columns of the paper as

thoroughly and carefully as they do the

matter published in its different depart-

ments. To neglect this is to miss much

which will be of practical value and in—

terest to every farm family.



There are several reasons why this is

true. The enterprising manufacturer or

the dealer who advertises his goods in

our columns has learned the important

lesson that by doing a large volume of

business at a moderate profit, he in-

creases his prosperity to a degree which

can be accomplished in no other way.

The commodities which are advertised in

a rcpuiablc farm journal, are not in the

nature of experiments; they are com-

modities of proven value, in which the

manufacturer or dealer has sufiicient

faith to conduct a campaign of publicity,

depending upon the quality of the goods

to sustain a patronage thus obtained.



In addition to this natural economic

law, the publishers of the Michigan Farm-

er exercise a careful censorship over

their advertising columns. No deceptive,

unclean or dishonest advertisements are

accepted at any price. Only advertisers

of established reputation are solicited by

us or permitted to use our pu lication as

an advertising medium. Thus a liberal

and select advertising patronage not only

enables its publishers to send the Michi-

gan Farmer into the farm homes of the

state at a moderatc subscription price,

but in addition to the valuable reading

matter which it provides for every mem-

ber of his family, the subscriber gets an

up-to-date buyers’ guide which will keep

him in touch with all the latest improve-

ments in farm equipment and the most

economic market in which to purchase a,

large proportion of the supplies which he

may need.



Thus any reader of the Michigan Farm—

er who fails to scrutinize the advertising

columns each week is not getting the

greatest possible benefit from the paper

or the money which he has invested in it.

From all the carefully prepared matter

which is prcscntcd by advertisers, a vast

amount of valuable information can be

gained by every progresive farmer and

every member of his family. If the Mich-





igan. Farmer is mentioned when writing

to advertisers we guarantee a prompt re-

sponse and fair treatment in every in-





stance.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





' With the closing of the

Winter Study for fall campaign of farm

the Farmer. work and the approach

of the winter season,

when there will be more time for reading

and studying, every farmer should con-

sider Well what line of study he will take

up, since, unless there is some systematic

plan outlined, the farmer’s reading and

studying will be done at random and not

much of practical value will be accomp-

lished. As an idea which might be fol-

lowed out with profit by every farmer, we

would again refer to our Practical Science

Department, which was recently estab-

lished for the study of science as applied

to agricultural problems. 0f necessity

the early lectures of this short course in

agricultural science were rather element-

ary in character and less interesting read-

ing than will be the case as the course

advances and the exact knowledge of'the

scientist is made plain in its application

to the complicated problems of agricul-

ture.

The farmer, and particularly the young





'man. who becomes interested in this de-





partment, will find that it will suggest

lines of profitable study and reading which

will go far to equip him for «success

worthy the name in his chosen following

“'13 bespeak the careful attention of every

Michigan Farmer reader to this new de-

partmentvas a means of outlining a more

profitable line of winter study for the

farmer and his entire family.





Scarcely a. week

goes by that one

does not hear or

read of an instance

in which the farmers of some neighbor-

hood are associating themselves together

for the more economic solution of the

marketing problem. In a recent issue of

the Michigan Farmer was published a

notice of the organization of pickle grow-

ers in Montcalm county. Last week there

was noted a movement among some of the

farmers in Barry county to'organlze a.

co—operative elevator company. This week

comes news of the organization of a new

Grape Growers' Association in Van Buren

county, for the purpose of marketing the

grape crop produced in two townships of

that county next year. This association

will be organized and conducted along the

lines which have been successful in other

sections of Van Buren county, where two

other similar associations are now in op-

eration. These associations have had a.

wholesome influence, not alone in the

grading and marketing of fruit, but as

well in negotiations with the railroads in

regard to more equitable service in the

icing of refrigerator cars, which has been

a source of contention for so many years.



An instance has just come to public at-

tention in Michigan, which illustrates the

important work which a co-operative 01--

ganization of this kind can do in solving

and maintaining the standard of the pro-

ducts marketed by .it for its members,

and thus making the locality noted for

the staple and standard quality of the

products which it furnishes. Recently the

Florida Citrus Exchange, through which

most of the citrus fruits of Florida are

marketed, communicated with Michigan

authorities, and stated that for more than

two years the Exchange had been mak-

ing strenuous efforts for the prevention

of shipments of green oranges, which ef-

forts included the passage of a special

law in Florida forbidding such shipments.

Notwithstanding this fact, shippers were

said to be arranging to flood the country

with poisonous green oranges, masque-

rading as food, to Florida's shame. Ap-

peals were made for assistance by the

Michigan authorities for annihilating this

trade by the seizure and destruction of all

unripe oranges arriving from blorida, and

offering a. reward of $100 to the food in-

spector who discovered the first car de-

stroyed in Michigan for such violation of

the law. Appeals have also been made

to the health officers to act without reser-

vation in dealing with this situation.



By this action, this co- ~0perative mar—

ketlng association has sought and will

succeed in sustaining the reputation of

the oranges groun in the section of the

country which it covers. This is simply

an illustration of one of the'advantagcs

which may be derived from such co-op-

r-rative marketing of any product, and

particularly of all perishable products

like fruit. '



There are, doubtless, some lessons to

be learned by'the consumer ah well as

the producer in this matter of eliminating





Solving the Market-

ing Problem.





excessive profits of the middlemen and





bringing the producer and consumer clos-

er together. Not long ago the mayor of

Indianapolis, deciding that the middlemen





were holding up potatoes in1that city to

an unreasonable,_level, took matters into

his own hands and purchased potatoes in

car lots for distribution at cost to con-

sumers in his city, with the result that

the cost of this article of food was greatly

reduced, andthat even though subsequent

shipments cost more money, the prices

were still lower to the consumer than

when purchased from the middlemen on

a basis of lower cost at 'shipping points.



There are many opportunities for Mich-

igan producers to enter the field of co—

operative marketing, and this is a good

season of the year to discuss the matter





end take some action toward the end of





organizing for the purpose. As has been

many times stated in these columns, the

most successful forms of comparative or-

ganization have been those developed

along the line of community production.

This has been the case in practically ev-

ery country where co-operative selling

has attained any great importance, and

there is every reason to believe that it

is the best method of organization for

Michigan farmers. All that is needed in

many localities is for some enterprising

man to take the initiative in the matter,

take up the proposition with his neigh-

bors, call a general meeting for its con-

sideration and work out the details of

final organization, when the attainment

of success will be comparatively easy.



An example of what may be done with-

in a short period of time is furnished by

the Burlington County Exchange, which

was organized in the state of New Jer-

sey something like a year ago. Within

ten miles there are fifteen stations at

which supplies are bought and products

sold, all business being done through a

central office to better advantage than

where individuals sold the produce from

their wagons. The total amount done by

this association was $600,000 the first

year. Produce was shipped into 21 dif-

ferent states and 110 cities. This organ-

ization sold 107 cars of strawberries; sev-

en cars of gooseberries; 1,012 cars of po-

tatoes; 3,486 baskets of peaches; 18 cars

of cabbage; nine cars of hay, and 99 cars

of pears, aside from large consignments

of garden truck and other small fruit

which were received in less than car load

lots.



The time is, we believe, near at hand

when the marketing problem will be

solved in many communities in Michigan

in a manner similar to that above illus-

trated, and it is not too early for the

farmers of many communities to get busy

on the proposition.





That Michigan has

Michigan Fruit with this year produced

Flavor. the best fruit crop

within a. decade- is

the declaration of Professor Taft, State

Superintendent of Orchards and Nurser-

ics. There has been a good crop of

peaches, pears and plums, while the grape

crop is larger than ever before, and cher-

rics were plentiful in southern Michigan.

There is 211911 a plentiful supply of early

apples, although the crop of winter apples

is estimated to be about 25 per cent be—

low a full yield.



Must Michigan farmers are realizing

the importance of the fruit end of their

lusiness and orchards are being better

cured for and more fruit being planted

from year to year than has ever before

been the case in the state. It has been

generally found that satisfactory prices

have been received wherever prime fruit

has been grown, "while an inferior pro-

duct does not pay well for handling.

Gradually Michigan is coming into her

own as a fruit state, for which purpose

1101‘ soil and climate is excelled by that

of no other section of the country.



‘Ne read and hear much about the west-

ern fruit section which has been boomed

and developcd and advertised, but which

in reality does not compare with Michigan

for natural advantages for fruit growing-

A recent report from Washington is to

the effect that serious deterioration of

,911ngv, apple and other orchards on the

irrigutcd lands of the western states

Where intensive methods of production

are followed, has resulted in the begin-

ning of an investigation by the Depart-

ment of Agriculture to determine the

cause. It is stated that the decline in

value of csmblished orchards has amount-

ed to millions of dollars, while in Mich-

igan, , orchards and orchard lands have

rapidly increased in value as their adapt-

abillly to the growing of “fruit with fia-

vor,” for which Michigan is famous, has

become better and more generally appre-

ciatcd.



The damage to the

The Bean Crop. Michigan bean crop, re-

sulting from the ex-

ceedingly wet weather which prevailed





oer 21.1911.





throughout the harvesting season, is var-

lously estimated, but it is generally con-





; ceded that it will exceed $1,000,000. When





it is considered that Michigan is not only

the largest producer of beans among the

states of the Union, but grows more than

one-half of the total bean crop of the

country, it will be seen that this loss is

a very Considerable one. The effect of the

wet weather has been noted in the bean

market appearing on our market page

from week to week, and it has been still

more noticeable in the retail market or

the sales to retailers and peddlers as

made by the wholesale dealers in this

product, which have been as high as

5.2.90 per bushel during the past week.



With this very general condition of the

bean crop, farmers will do well to mar-

ket conservatively this year. The plan

which the organized bean dealers have

been using for some years past of pur-

chasing upon a hand-picked basis some-

times operates to the disadvantage of the

growers, particularly where the price for

the commodity is unusually high. This

should be carefully figured out by every

farmer who has beans to sell, and any

offer which does not give him a square

deal on the crop which has been damaged

should be refused, the beans carefully

screened and cleaned through a. good fan-

ning-mill and hand-picked at home if

need be, to place them in first-class mar-

ket condition. Of course, this work will

not be necesary if this' plan is generally

followed by producers, but it will be a

means to the end of securing a fair share

of the consumer’s dollar by the bean

grower who has a damaged crop for which

he cannot get offered a fair price upon

the basis of the marketvalue of the

good beans as proportionate to the whole

crop. The cull beans will be of no small

“value as feed for the following up of the

corn ration for the hogs or sheep.



The marketing of the bean crop is a.

factor of the marketing problem which

should be given the most careful consid-

eration by every grower this year. - V





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





National.





Effort is being made by the beet sugar

raisers to properly present to the coming

congress testimony showing the necessity

for tariff protection of. sugar. They con-

tend that should free sugar be admitted

it 11 ould mean the end of the beet sugar

industry.



The Philadelphia-American and New

York-National leagues are competing for

the World’s championship baseball honors

this week—the first game having been

played at New York last Saturday. A

scandal resulted from the management

permitting speculators to secure large

blocks of tickets, which they were dis-

posing of to the public at outrageous

prices.



The Presbyterian Synod of Michigan,

passed a resolution appealing to President

Taft to remove the bans of silence im-





 





posed on protestant teachers in the Phil- -





ippine Islands—they contending that the

regulation savers of the inquisltlon and

is contrary to the American constitution.



Seven persons were killed and 22 in‘

jured. four of them seriously, in a. col-

lision between a. passenger train and a.

fast freight at Fort Crook, Neb., last

Sunday morning. The accident is believed

to have resulted from a misunderstanding

of orders on the part of the freight crew.



.An attempt to wreck President Taft’s

train while traveling over the Southern

Pacific, near Santa Barbara, Cal.,~was

frustrated by the watchfulness of the

railroad employes. Explosives were placed

so as to wreck a bridge when the Presl-

dent’s train passed over it. A watchman

however, detected the plotters and scared

them away by firing upon them before

they had time to perfect their plot. The

President’s train would have been due in

a few hours.



Assistant Secretary of Agriculture

Hays sugestcd to the national farmers'

congress, at Columbus, Ohio, that that

organization he changed to form a feder-

ation similar to the German agriculture

society, a powerful factor in German rural

life. The plan contemplates a body con-

sisting of delegates selected from state

federations, as well as existing farmers'

organizations, agricultural colleges, ex-

periment stations, etc.



At a meeting of 200 progressive repub-

licans at Chicago, Monday, unanimous en-

dorsement of United States Senator Robt.

La Follette, of “'isconsin, as a candidate

for Presldcnt, was voted.



Four accidents have occurred on the

D. U. R. since Sunday night. A rear end

collision near Farmington between two

interurban cars resulted in the death of

one person’ and the injury of 20 or more

others. A collision between a Fourteenth

avenue and Myrtle street cars seriously

injured :1 17-year-old girl. A Port Huron

Limited interurbun car struck an unl-

dentlfied man at Gratiot avenue and the

Seven Mile road, killing him instantly.

Two men were injured in a collision be-

tween two cars at Shelby and State

streets, Detroit.





Plans haVe been completed for the BS-'





tablishment of a steel plant at Detroit.

The cost will be around one and one- -half

millions.



The death rate in Michigan during ’Au-

gust of this year was only 12 persons per

thousand. A year ago the rate was 15.9

per thousand.



(Continued on page 349).





 





 





"17...... ,.





1'





 





4‘4.“ ;.1. WT” _
LITERATURE

POETRY



‘- HISTORY an?



INFORMATION





 





 





 





 

   





 





 





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77w FARM BOY

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SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





EXPLORING THE NAKIMU CAVES.





of the Selkirk Mountains, far



above the summit of Rogers pass

and enclosed by towering peaks and

glistening glaciers, which has been ap-

propriately named the Valley of the

Caves. For a distance of nearly a mile,

and far beneath the floor of the valley,

the Nakimu caves honeycomb the strata

of dark-blue limestone, and in almost a

score of places the broken and much

ruined passageways lead to the surface.

Some of the openings are mere cracks in

the rocks through which the explorer

must wriggle and squirm to effect an

entrance. In other places the caverns

gap wide with precipitous drops for a

hundred feet or more to narrow ledges

over which the subterranean torrents

plunge to further depths, filling the vault—

ed space with their dull reverberating

roar.



The beautiful glaciated valley lies al-

most in the center of Glacier park, which

has been set apart by the Canadian gov-

ernment as a national reserve. It em-

braces the Great or Illecillewaet glacier,

Mt. Sir Donald and other lesser peaks,

whose rough and rugged scenery more

nearly approaches the alpine type than

any in'America.



In its devious course through the Sel-

kirks, the, Canadian Pacific railway

reaches its summit near the base of the

Great glacier; and at a most favorable

scenic point on the line, which happens

to be on a long loop along the base of

Sir Donald, the railway has established

Glacier station, The. view from this high

altitude in the Selkirks is most impres-

sive, and fills the beholder with wonder

and delight. On two sides the frowning

steeps of Sir Donald and Mt. Cheops

reach beyond the clouds. On the south,

the vast face of the glacier presents a.

glittering front of ice from peak to peak,

its head clouded in a filmy mist. So near

is the huge mass, said to be fully a half

mile in thickness, that its chilling breath

is plainly perceptible. Its ice tongues

feed numerous rivulets which tumble

down the mountain side and finally unite

in the head waters of Illccillewact river.





T HERE is a little valley in the heart





By James Cooke Mills.





To the west, the silvery course of the

stream rushes onward, and beyond the

distant peaks and snowflelds show but

dimly.



From the Glacier House as a base of

supplies, the trip to the Valley of the

Caves may be made in about four hours.

The distance is nearly six miles, and for

the first four miles the exploring party

has a choice of two trails. The one more

frequently used leads along the south

base of Mt. Cheops, through a magnifi-

cent forest growth of Douglas fir, spruce

and hemlock, to the mouth of Cougar

creek. Here, at the crossing of the rail-

way, is a water tank where the huge

“battle—ships" refill their tanks after the

long steep pull up Ross peak.



The slightly shorter route, sometimes

used by explorers making the journey to

the caves on foot, is along the railway

for perhaps two miles, to a point where

the steel-bound trail turns off in a broad

loop, to effect an easier grade. By

clambering down a narrow and rough

path among jagged rocks the exploring

party again strikes the railway nearly a

hundred feet below, the line above being

almost oVerhead. After crossing the riv-

er the railway twists sharply to the west,

and the other trail meets it there. For

another mile the first trail is followed to

the above mentioned water tank.



Near by, on the edge of the creek, is

the cabin of Charles H. Deutschman, the

mountain habitant, who discovered the

caves in section, in May, and, in October

following, entered the little valley and the

caves as a mineral claim. The work this

intrepid mountaineer has done in ex-

ploring the underground waterways, in

many instances unaided and without lad—

ders, bridges or ropes, shows a character

entirely devoid of fear. The descent into

deep caverns and along narrow ledges

above yawning chasms, where the thick

darkness is scarcely penetrated by the

feeble rays of lanterns, requires more

than courage; it demands strength of

purpose and power of will far beyond the





ordinary. Huge crevasses had to be

crossed and the subterranean stream

t'orded above precipitous descents to the

unknown, where a misstep would have

meant death.



\Yith Deutschman as guide an explor-

ing party, headed by the official topogra—

pher of the Dominion, made the ascent of





 





Cougar Creek Entrance to Mill





the lower valley of Cougar creek. It

was a most arduous climb along the steep

mountain side, over rocks and through

tangles of logs and black alders, the trail

being merely a. narrow path, in some

places hardly accessible for a mountain

goat. Besides, heavy packs were carried,

consisting of tents, blankets, provisions

and camp appliances.





The creek through its entire course is





 





 





 





Mount Sir Donald and llleclllewaet Glacler, lboklng Southeast from Just below what is known as Lookout Point.





a wild mountain torrent, leaping from

boulder to boulder in swirls of foaming

spray. About a mile from the railway

and 900 feet above it, the party came to

a place where a mammoth spring wells

up out of the bed of the creek, adding a

considerable volume of water to the rush-

ing stream. Above this point the creek

dwindles to a small trickling brook among

the rocks, and it is evident that the spring

in its bed is fed by the subterranean tor-





 





Bridge Series at Foot of Flume.





rents hurtling and dashing along within

the caves. A little farther on, where the

gully narrOWS between the deep ridges,

the explorers were suddenly chilled by a

fierce blast of w’ntry wind belching from

narrow cracks in the rock strata—from

somewhere in the interior of the mount-

ain. Crossing the little stream the trail

swung to the left and soon brought into

View a beautiful waterfall, sikty feet

high, which was named Goat Falls. The

waters drop over the cliff, and, instead of

flowing away in a mountain rivulet to

lower levels, they enter a cavity in the

ground where they fall and disappear to

unknown depths. A further climb of a

few hundred feet brought the party to

Point Lookout, a high projecting ledge of

rock at the turn of the cliff to the north.

This is the entrance to the Valley of the

Caves, beyond which the trail leads, in

a mountain paradise. to cave entrances,

within whose dark recesses and vaulted

chambers are things weird and mys-

terious.



The upper valley, extending from Point

Lookout to Cougar pass, is a most pro—

nounced tye of the “hanging valley," one

that has been carved out by the eroding

power of a glacier at one time filling its

bottom, and is quite different from the

V form of the lower valley, worn so by

water erosion alone. The entire length

of the upper valley is two and a half

miles and the ficor is on a comparatively

low grade. At one point it is covered for

about half a mile by a small lake-bed, in

which some water lies during the sum-

mer.





In all the Rockies, it would be difficult

to find a more beautiful example of the

alpine valley. In every direction silver

waterfalls leap down the sides from the

glaciers and melting snows of the Sur-

rounding peaks. These collect at the bot-

tom of the valley in one central stream

which bounds, in foaming cascades, to

the little lake-bed, from which it rushes

through luxurious meadowlands in a sec-

ond series of cascades that have worn

down to bed rock, showing a. thin veneer
342 m)”





of soil overlaying it. The alpine mea-

dows and park lands, as well as the open

mountain slopes of the valley throughout

the spring and summer, are decked with

a gorgeous array of flowers of varied hues

which, in places, are so profuse and .bril-

liant that it seems as though .nature had

spread a carpet of rainbow colors for the

‘delight and wonder of her visitors. In

early spring, the giant Adder‘s Tongue

covers whole acres with a brilliant yel-

low, and are the first to push their heads

up through the snow. Like all spring

flowors in this region, they follow the

melting snows and may be found higher

up in the valley as late as August. There

is also the Globe flower, a plant of much

beauty and great wealth of blossom.

Next comes the scarlet and crimson Paint-

er’s Brush, showing everywhere in the

opens and on the lower slopes with a

blaze of glory. Later still the blue Lark—

spur and purple and pink Asters replace

the earlier flowers. while the crimson and

yellow Monkey flower is found in the beds

of the streams and where moisture is

prevalent. High up the valley, below the

rocks, are seen the False Heaths and.

highest of all. the pink flowering moss

found in magnificently flowered bunches

directly below the ice. There are many

other species more rare and just as beau-

tiful in blossom, but of not such frequent

or noticeable occurrence.



The timber, in this upper valley, con-

sists chiefly of spruce and balsam; trees

which, at this elevation in the Selkirks,

attain a grace and beauty that is not

noticed in the more crowded areas of

lower altitudes. Here they rise sym-

metrically to a great height and their

sweeping lower boughs form shaded can-

opies that are most inviting during the

sultry summer days. As the head of the

valley is approached, a short climb brings

the explorer to the ice of several small

glaciers where he may study with ease

their formation and action, look into

miniature crevasses and see how mo—

raines are formed by the downward flow

of the ice.



From a natural history point of view

the upper valley is of especial interest,

due in a great measure to the absence

of visitors in the past. The Rocky

Mountain goat may be seen frequently,

and his tracks are everywhere along the

heights. The grizzly bear and also the

black bear are plentiful at the head of

Bear creek, and it is unlikely that they

fail to visit Cougar valley—~the Valley of

the Caves. 0f the smaller animals, the

hoary marmot or whistler is found in

both the upper and lower valley, and is

seen in great numbers, larger in size and

giving forth a louder and more shrill

whistle than those in the main range of

the Rockies. Say’s squirrel and Pary’s

marmot are also found, and the Little

Chief hare is frequently seen disporting

itself among the rocks, its comical antics

and quaint squeak, resembling that of a

toy rabbit, being very amusing.



The birds are few and, in the upper

valley, are confined chiefly to the I’tar-

migan, of which a flock may nearly al-

ways be seen, and the \Vater Ousel or

Dipper, a funny little dark-grey chap who

llits from stone to stone along the cas-

cades and falls of the valley. continually

bobbing and dipping as though it were

the object and aim of its existence. This

bird has a very sweet note.



Taken as a whole, and quite independ-

ently of the attractions offered by the

caves, this wonderful valley illustrates

in a marked degree the 'various phases of

nature in the Selkirks—Lscenery, geology,

natural history and botany.



Following the natural rise of the valley

toward the west, the principal glacier,

forming Cougar creek, came in plain

view. It was named Grizzly Glacier be—

cause a grizzly bear, only a few weeks

before, came down over it into the valley

and disputed with Deutschman his right

to invade the sacred precincts of the ani-

mal kingdom. On a level grassy bench,

on the north side of the creek, the camp

was pitched, the magnificent assemblage

of balsam firs with their spiral forms

welcoming the party as stately hostesses.

The afternoon was spent in taking views

of the cave entrant-cs from points of

vantage, and in exploring the upper wat-

ers of Cougar creek. A mile and a half

from the camp, through a narrow ravine

with lofty peaks on either side, the party

came upon the little lake, at this season

of early summer, still covered with a,

spotless counterpane of snow and fed by

the glacier itself. On turning around to

retrace their steps to the caves, a view

of Mt. Sir Donald and the Great glacier

in the distance, and the valley up which

the journey had just been made, greeted

their eyes and never can be forgotten.





THE MICHIGAN (FARME'R.





Nearing the camp two cascades were no-'

ticed, several hundred yards to the north

on the side of Mt. Ursus Major, which

descend with many leaps and plunges to

join the creek farther on. The cascades

were named “Whistler Falls" because of

the great number of whistlers, hoary

marmots, that 'have their burrows in the

neighborhOOd. Three hundred feet below

the waters disappear in a cavernous op-

ening, called the “Gopher Hole.”



That night there was a heavy fall of

snow that decked the balsam firs about

the camp and on the mountain sides with

the most dainty crystal drapery. These

perfect specimens of an exceedingly at-

tractive tree, range in age from 150 to 25 0

years, are tall and straight, and create

a spicy fragrant atmosphere peculiarly

their own. The following morning the

“Gopher Bridge” series of caves was

first explored.



These caves are imediately south of

“‘histler Falls. The first entrance was

effected by crawling through a narrow

crack in the rocks opening into a small

passage, which evidently, in bygone days

was the old bed of Cougar creek. 'An-

other and larger opening was discovered

about midway to the cavern where the

creek now drops from sight into a shallow

hole. This entrance leads to passageways

found to be rare specimens of nature's

handiwork. They are water channels'cut

into solid rock, with many round pot-

holes in the floors and along the sides.

The characteristic water-carved walls of

white and grey marble are everywhere to

be seen. In many places, however, the

change of the limestone into marble is

not complete. The parts of the rack not

fully changed stand out as little knots

or lumps, while the marble between them

has been dissolved and eroded to an un-

usual degree, thus giving the walls a

strange and weird appearance.



Standing on a narrow ledge that over-

hangs a deep cavern of stygian darkness,

the explorers were attracted by a sub-

terranean waterfall heard roaring on the

left. The rays of acetylene bicycle lamps

disclosed the foam-flecked torrent tumb-

ling down a steep incline until lost in





dense shadows. Overhead, fantastic

spurs of rock reached out into the dark-

ness and the entire surroundings were

so unearthly and uncanny that it was

easy to imagine Dante seated upon one

of these spurs deriving impressions for

his Inferno. As the brilliant light of

magnesium wire went out the thick dark-

ness was felt. and instinctively the ex-

plorer turned. half expecting to find

Charon standing beside him. The sub-

terranean stream, with its wild and magic

confines, is strongly suggestive of the

Styx, and incidentally supplied the name

“Avernus” for the cavern of the water-

fall.





The creek has a tortuous course under

the bridge, the first portion of it being

inaccessible because of the low roof, the

last portion because of the deep water in

the creek. In the 450 feet of its under-

ground course the fall is only thirty feet,

and by bridging the deep and swift por-

tion of the creek, the party found it quite

possible to form a continuous passage un—

der the bridge. The exit of the creek at

the east end of Gopher bridge is in a

deep rock cut, only eight or ten feet

wide, through which the stream races in

a series of cascades and falls for a dis-

tance of about 350 feet. It has been

named “The Flume” because of its re-

semblance to a millrace. At the lower

end the creek again disappears below the

surface of the valley and in a whirl of

flying spray, and for 300 feet continues

its underground course under the “Mill

Bridge" series. This name was suggest-

cd by the roar of the water as it rushes

underground through the choked entrance,

resembling the noise made by the many

swiftly revolving wheels and grinding

gears of a big mill in full operation. About

seventy feet farther cast a larger open-

ing was discovered which seemed to have

been at one time the main entrance of the

creek. [’pon close examination, one of

the explorers concluded that, as the rush

of water out deeper in the rock channel

it took advantage of a handy crack and

gradually carved out for itself the opening

where the full volume now descends.

(Concluded in next Magazine Section).





 





GOING BACK TO THE ROAD.





 





BY MARIE OSBORN. .



The sun came up that morning attend-

ed by a radiant “dog," at which the wise-

acres shook their heads. “Sign’v storm,"

said Grandma Billington, as she came

frdm across the way, with her shawl over

her head, after a little sour milk “to wet

up a few biskit,” and borrow a “pinch of

salaratus.”



It was “give and take” with sour milk,

or sweet either, for that matter. The

ones who didn’t happen to “hev” Were

made welcome by those who “bed,” but

“boughten things," from “the store"

were borrowed and paid back.





Except in case of sickness it was sel-

dom that anyone went calling in this

primitive community. No one “enter-

tainec.” “Functions” were unknown.

Now and then some woman would “send

word” a day or two in advance, that she

was “coming over to spend the after-

noon.” Sometimes two, seldom more.

would go together. These were serious

and ceremonious occasions, to be elabor-

ately prepared for. The afternoon began

at two o’clock and lasted till after sup-

per. The supper, to which the husbands

sometimes came, was usually something

to invite dyspepsia or nightmare. Once

in two or three years, perhaps, someone

made a quilting. Then the gathering was

at one o’clock.



The sociabilities were kept up mostly

by “running in,” when~there was some

errand. And what delightful seasons of

friendly gossip, or harmful perhaps, when

the gossip was unfriendly. That depend—

ed entirely upon the medium, the point

of view, just as light is this color or

that, according to the tint of the glass

through which we see it. It had been

known to take a thrifty housekeeper a

full hour to borrow half a teacupful of

molasses at seasons when the proverbial

slowness of that semi-liquid was in no

way' responsible for the length of time

consumed.



And there were those whom keen ob—

servers more than suspected of borrow-

ing before they were "out," when some

especially delectable morsel of news need-

ed circulating, though this was not often

self confessed. "I'm much obleeged to

you for the sour milk," said Grand-

mother Blllington as she arose to go, ad-

ding with great frankness, “I ain't out

o’ wettin‘. I saved up agin our' cow

should go dry, but its froze up so solid

down in the well room I knew ’twould





take all day for it to thaw. Besides I

wanted to find out how Anny’s throat

was- whilst I could git here. She's fell

away turrible. This bright sunshine’s

a weather breeder. The fire talked about

snow last night. It’ll be deeper ’foreit’s

lower. Tell Mr. Lee to come over.

Grandfather's rheumatiz is dretful bad,"

and she closed the door and took her way

across the snowy road.



“I remember her telling me once when

I was there," said Anna to her mother.

”that the fire ‘talked about. snow’. It

was the funniest little fluttering, mur-





muring sound, quite unlike the common '





sound of burning. She says there always

is a heavy storm directly after it. It





is a little like the waves lapping the

Shore."



“Old people often speak of it,” said

Mrs. Lee. "The Billingtons are descend-





ed from the Pilgrims.”



“Yes,” returned Anna, “she told me

once that her forefathers came over in

the Mayflower, explaining that it was a

good while ago.”



“When 1 was young,” said her mother,

“Grandfather 'Billington's Aunt Polly

lived with them. She was an old maid.

and died nearly a hundred. I loved to

hear her tell the stories of old times."





“I wish I could have heard them," said

Anna, who was a teacher taking a sore-

throat vacation, and interested in Pil-

grims folk lore. Anna closed her eyes

and wondered if the fire learned its stor-

ies in those times of the early settle-

ments, when wood was more plentiful

than anything else, and the homesick

families used to sit about the wide fire-

places through the long winter evenings

and talk in low tones of the life they had

left beyond the seas, while there was

mingled with their voices the sound 01'

the storms raging on the bleak New Eng-

land coast. But it told them no tales of

the growth that was to rise and spread

from their dreary planting.



Directly Mr. Lee came in with a. "crick"

in his back. ”Just as I expected," said

his wife, resignedly, “when I saw you

and Sam go out with a crosscut saw!"



“Yes, I know it," answered Mr. Lee.

“It nearly always gives it to me when I

pull a saw but we couldn’t seem to find

anybody to help with the wood. Mebby

’twont last long."



"Maybe not," assented his capable wife.

and then there was inaugurated a season

of rubbing, and of hot-water fomenta-

tions, “stopping just short of the blister-



(Continued on page 344).





 





— 001.21, 1911.~ .' - ‘





_- ' FROM TEXAS

Some Coffee Pacts From the Lone

star State.





 





From a. beautiful farm down in Texas,

where gushing springs unite to form

babbling brooks that wind their spark-

ling way through flowery meads, comes

a note of gratitude for delivery from the

coffee habit.

“When my baby boy came to me five

years ago, I began to drink Postum. hav-

ing a feeling that it would be better for

him and me" than the old kind of drug-

laden coffee. I was ,not disappointed in

it, for it enabled me, a small delicate

woman. to nurse a. bouncing, healthy

baby 14 months.

“I have since continued the use of

Postum for I have grown fond of it,

and have discovered to my joy that it

has entirely relieved me of a bilious habit

which used to prostrate me two or three

times a year, causing much discomfort

to my family and suffering to myself.



“My brother-in-law was cured of

chronic constipation by leaving of! coffee

and using Postum. He has become even

more fond of it than he was of the old

coffee. .



“In fact the entire family, from the

latest arrival, (a 2- -year old who always

calls for his 'potie' first thing in the

morning), up to the head of the house,

think there is no drink so good or so:

wholesome as Postum. ”

Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.



Read the little book, “The Road to;

W'eliville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason”





Ever read the above. letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true.

and full of human interest.





 





 





HE reason for the

great warmth and

delightful comfort of

Lambsdown is its

thick, downy fleece.





   

   

   

 





F leece-Lined Underwear





is also remarkably durable—

two seasons’ wear to a gar-

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wear bills in two.



Your physician will tell you that

the heavy fleece- -lining wards off

colds and promotes good health.



Made for Men and Boys





in separate and union garments, at I





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





50c, 75c and up. At your dealer's.





Write for Bodygard

Booklet No. 23‘ '





UTICA KNITTING CO.

Utica - New York





 





 





STEEL MANTLE

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Learn Auctioneerihng

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x: ”‘33 f "Winter th to”? tel-nation l

on 0 or n e 1:

Tuition inclndeo’our adm “inlaid: tsomtlglg gig:





rite for cats] 0 to y. Y booo first

clam mtioneoS'uWo have figurggll: notedmeinztrno-





tenant!

0 VAL A. ONES, Mam.

CAREY M. wJON'?" on." " chic-so. m.





 





Please mention the niobium Former when





 





width: to advertisers.





Name given by! .
'eral years ago,





 





 





001821, 1911,





I .





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





CURIOUS PUMPKINS—3y W. R. GILBERT.





 





Many different kinds of pumpkins are

cultivated, and these, together with mel-

ons, gourds, and bitter apples are the

most. curious representatives of the eu-

cumber family. ‘Some of these vege—

tables reach extraordinary dimensions.

For example, there was exhibited, sev-

an enormous specimen

which was grown on the plains of Colo-

rado. It measured not less than five feet

in length and weighed 386 lbs. Other

members of the same family grow into

strange and picturesque shapes. Some

resemble turbans or serpents, some are

like the domes of mosques, and some even

like the head-dresses at a carnival.



In France the seeds of the pumpkin

are sown in April in a hotbed under

glass; then they are thinned out and fin-

ally transplanted to a bed in the open air

during the month of May. This opera-

tion necessitates several preliminaries.

A few days before the final transplanting

it is necessary to dig holes from four to

six feet away from each other, according

to the kind of seed planted. These holes

are then filled 'with manure, to which a

little potash has been added, and the

whole is covered with good earth. When

this is done a gourd seedling is planted in

the middle of each hole, care being taken

to cover it with earth as far as the first

leaves. The plant must be watered fre-

quently in order to facilitate growth, and

if the heat of the sun is too strong it is

covered with a little stra In cold,

frosty weather it is usual i France to

place a hand-glass over ea h seedling.

In hot weather the plants re watered

more frequently.



When the gourd stems ar about three

feet in length they are lay ed, that is to

say, pegged down so that hey may take

root. This method of pr edure hastens

the growth. As soon as a fruit forms,

the extremity of the bra ch bearing it is

cut off just above the next knot, and





 

 

 





 





the extraordinary number of excrescences

Covering the surface. '



Square melons, also called Spanish arti-

chokes, although they probably came

originally from Mexico, are not the least

curious specimens of the members of the

cucumber family. The-ir color varies

from yellow to green. Certain kinds are

long in shape and of a yellowish green

color. On seeing them one would be

more inclined to think they were clubs

belonging to old-time stave players at a

fair rather than fruit. Portuguese gourds,

too, with their reddish sides—do they

not seem like the top of certain oriental

mosques that a hurricane has hurled to

the ground? These last two kinds of

gourds demand more heat than the oth-

ers; they are cultivated chiefly in the

south of Europe and in the Antilles. Their

surface is covered with a. kind of pow-

dery down, and the flesh, firm and not

stringy, varying in color from pale yellow

to blood red, possesses a more or less

perfumed taste.



Even French gourds are seldom eaten

in their natural condition. They are

made into soup, with water or with milk,

and thus prepared they form a very heal-

thy food. Peasants in the south make

pies and sweetmeats of themfor their

children; they also fry them as they

would potatoes. In olden times they used

to take the seeds out of a gourd and

then dry it and serve it with different

sauces. Roman slaves were thus fed.

This practice has been kept up for a

long while in Italy, and is still carried

out in the neighborhood of Genoa.





In conclusion, let it be noted that the

growers collect the seeds themselves each

year, women breaking open the very hard

skins of the gourds with a hammer to

take out the seeds, while other workers

cut the fruits into four parts and tear

away the interior pulp. In Anjou an

edibleoil is extracted from the pulp, but





 





Field of Mammoth Pumpkins—What Huge Jack-o-lanterns They’ll Make!





naturally it is taken off altogether if it

seems misshapen. The market gardeners

on the outskirts of Paris have learnt

how to raise splendid gourds, and never

allow more than one fruit to grow on

one stalk. 'l‘hey cultivate all the edible

varieties and even grow bitter apples,

which are rather ornamental than other-

wise when grown in gardens.



The different kinds of pumpkins grow

in the shape of a more or less flattened

sphere. The best known varieties are

Mammoth pumpkins, which are of such

an enormous size and such a well round-

ed appearance as to disinguish them from

all others. The gourds called the Gard-

ener’s Favorite, or the Yellow Dutch, are

cultivated exclusively in the surround-

ings of Paris. The flesh of this kind,

from one to three inches thick, is found

slightly sweet and of a beautiful orange

yellow. Other kinds are the tea gourds

of Etampes, and the grey gourds of Boua

logne that are frequently seen in the

kitchen gardens in the middle of France

and which differ from the other kinds

mentioned in the greenish grey tinge of

the skin. The Turban pumpkins are re—

markable on account of their shape. Peo-

ple say that the Turks have let fall their

peculiar hats or head covering upon the

field.



Among pumpkins with leaves bearing

stiff and prickly hairs, ovoid or elliptical

fruits are found of variable size and with

or without longitudinal sides. One of the

best known is the pumpkin of Touraine,

with a smooth skin of pretty green color.

There is a large pumpkin, whose diam-

eter lengthwise often exceeds nineteen

inches, which is chiefly noteworthy for





this grows rancid rather quickly. In

short, pumpkins are extremely curious

plants as well as very useful ones.





THE TEACHER’S PUMPKIN PIE.





 





BY GERTRUDE K. LAMBERT.



“Oh, mama!” said Jimmie Dorrance.

laying down his knife and fork and look-

ing across the table at his mother, “Our

teacher wants a pumpkin.”



“A What?" asked his mother.



“A pumpkin—she wants a pumpkin.”



“that in the world does she want of a

pumpkin?"





“To make pies of,” explained Jimmie.





"She just loves—no, likes—pumpkin

pies," put in Ernie, “and when she saw

ours that we had for lunch today, she

said so; an’ she said ‘Did we have pump-

kins?’ An’ I" said yes, an’ she said,

‘Couldn’t we bring her a little one?’ an’

I said yes, we could if you'd let us,’ "

finished Ernie, breathlessly.



“Can we?” asked both boys at once.



“I'll see,” said their mother.



After tea she spoke to Grandpa about

sending a pumpkin to the boys’ teacher,

for the garden was Grandpa’s especial

care, and pride in its products was his

greatest reward for his work therein.

Grandpa could not understand, at first,





/





what a school teacher could possibly» want

of a pumpkin; but mother explained that

this school teacher was Mrs. June, a

widow, who, with her two children, had

rooms in the \Vidow Brown’s house and

“boarded themselves.” Then Grandpa

said ““‘hy, certainly! Send her two or

three——pick out good ones, too."



The next day was Saturday, and think-

ing that Mrs. June would probably wish

to do her baking on that day, for the next

week, Mrs. Dorrance selected a fine, large

pumpkin and dispatched Jimmie and Er-

nie with it to Mrs. June’s rooms, with

Grandpa's compliments, quite early in the

morning.



Jimmie. andErnie Dorrance lived half

a mile from Mrs. Brown’s cottage, and

between was the home of the Jones chil—

dren. \Villie Jones was hanging over the

gate when the Dorrance boys came past

with the pumpkin in their little express

wagon, and he called out, “Where you

goin’ with that pumpkin?"



“To the teacher,” answered Jimmie

briefly.



“Oh, yes!" said Willie, “I heard her say

she wanted a pumpkin, an’ I meant to

take her one, an’ I forgot.”



Mrs. June was apparently much pleased

with the gift and insisted upon giving

each of the boys a warm cooky. \i'hen

they reached home again their mother

asked, “What did Mrs. June say to you?”



“I couldn't 'member what Grandpa

sent ’sides the pumpkin, but she said she

was awful welcome, an’ made us take

some cookies," said l'lrnie.



Mrs. June began at once cutting the

pumpkin for stcwing, in order to convert

it into pies as soon as possible. She was

soon interrupted by another rap at the

door, and, upon opening it. found \Villie

Jones with another pumpkin. She ac-

cepted it, thanking him cordially, and

also presented him with a big round

cooky. A little later the Harris boys

brought another pumpkin: then the Gregg

children brought two more; and before

noon Mrs. June had twelve fine pump-

kins. She had discontinued the offering

of cookies as a reward for each gift, but





 





 





 





 





Enough “Turbans” to Start an Up-to-date Mllllnery Establishment.





 





 





as) 343

she still thanked every one as gratefully

as possible. '



‘While she and the children were eating

their dinner Mr. Adams drove up and

unloaded three more pumpkins, calling

out as she appeared at the door: “The

children were saying that you wanted

some pumpkins for pie, and as I was driv-

ing over this way I brought along some.

Entirely welcome—more than welcome,”

he declared, as he drove away, catching

her stammered thanks. Three more out—

of—town scholars brought each a pump-

kin before night, making eighteen in all.



The next Monday Mrs. June brought

pumpkin pie for her lunch; but the little





 





The Serpent Variety—Clearly Not a Halloween Favorite.





givers had heard of her oversupply of

pumpkins, and hardly knew whether to

expect praise or blame for their gener0s-

ity. Mrs. June' took occasion, early in

the day, to thank them generally, for

their kindness in acting so promptly upon

her request, assuring them that she had

double cause for thankfulness, both for

the practical good the pumpkins would

do her and Mrs. Brown, who had offered





to dry and otherwise preserve them for

winter use for both, and quite as much

for the knowledge she had gained of the

number of kind, thoughtful friends which





she possessed. Then she invited all the

school to a Halloween party, at her

rooms, where she and Mrs. Brown would

try to give everyone who came a good

time.



Of course, every scholar of them accept-

ed the invitation, and it was to them all the

event of the season. Long it furnished

a gratifying topic of conversation; and

always the rehearsal of the delights of

Mrs. June’s Halloween party ended with,

“And didn’t we eat a lot of pumpkin pie!”





 





A HALLOWEEN PARTY FOR THE

LITTLE FOLKS.





~*





BY MARY MASON WRIGHT.





The younger children will enjoy a Hal-

loween party just as much as their older

brothers and sisters, but the games and

refreshments should be more simple, and

it is best to omit the wierd and uncanny

features that are usually found in con.-

nection with Halloween parties for older

folks. The invitations can be sent out in

the shells of English walnuts, from which

the meats have been removed; these can

be glued together, or tied together with

baby ribbon and finished with a prettv

little bow, the ribbon being kept ~

with a little mucilage.



Decorate the rooms with branches of

autumn leaves, festoons of nuts, and

plenty of .lack-o-lanterns of all sizes:

of the last named there should be no two

alike, so that the children may readily

recognize Peter Piper, Simple Simon, Jack

Horner, Old King Cole and other familiar

characters. Also have a few lanterns

made out of odd-shaped squashes, large

ripe cucumbers, and large red apples.

Have a pumpkin man in one corner of the

room made by using a small Jack-o-lant-

em for the head, a ripe cucumber for the

neck, and a very large pumpkin for the

body. Paint on this a bright green waist-

coat with black buttons. Long squashes

can be used for the legs, or sticks can be

used incased in crepe paper trousers, and

sticks for the arms with sleeves made of

green paper. The trousers can be red.

Place a jaunty red cap on Mr. Pumpkin’s

head, and he is ready to receive the

guests with a bread smile.



Supply a table with vegetables and fruit

of various kinds, washed until they shine,

nuts of different varieties, also toothpicks

and pins, and let the children make men

and animals. It is wonderful what pos-

sibilities are in these simple materials

for the children, and what comical and

striking beings can be evolved from them.

A tall, thin man can be made from rad-





in place
344





lobes. pansnips or carrots; or an apple

can be used for the head. a turnip for

the body. and carrots or parsnips for the

legs." An Indian can be evolved by using

an onion .with a, top for the head, a tur-

nip for the body and carrots for the legs.

A fine Chinaman can be made from man-

darin oranges, and queer animals can be

made as well as men. There are also

great possibilities in nuts, since owls and

odd men can be made with peanuts; fish

and ducks with almonds; pigs with pe-

cans, and little baskets and sailboats

with English walnuts. Give a prize for

the most real looking animal or man, and

one for the most grotesque object.



A game which nearly all children will

enjoy is played by placing in the center

of the room a large pumpkin which has

been hollowed out. with an opening in

the top. Let the children try throwing

a ball into the pumpkin through this op-

ening, standing a certain distance from it.

Give each one so many trials, and the

one who succeeds in getting the ball into

the pumpkin the greatest number of

times is considered the winner and should

be given some simple prize, such as a

little pumpkin filled with hon-bone.



Nearly all children like a hunt of some

kind, and a nut hunt is especially ap-

propriate for Halloween. Give each child

a number, then paste numbers on the

nuts, allowing at least six nuts for each

child. Hide these nuts about the rooms

and let each child hunt for his number.

Tiny baskets should be provided for

gathering them in. Have one nut among

the lot cellcctcd by each child contain

some little loy or trinket.



For the ccntcrpiccc for the table have

a pumpkin receptacle filled with golden-

rod or yellow cbrysanthemums, or else a.

mound of red and yellow apples. I‘nioue

place cards can be made by mounting

pumpkin seeds on cards which have been

decorated with queer littlc faces done in

ink. The favors should be gingerbread

men. Cookies decorated with faces will

please the children, putting on eyes, nose,

mouth and hair with chocolate; also

frosted cookies with the names of the

guests put on in pink icing or red can—

dies.



The ice cream can be served in little

pumpkin reccptacles, or in little baskets.

The sandwiches should be cut in fancy

Shapes, or rolled up and tied with yellow

ribbon. There should be a ball of pop-

corn for each guest.





(1‘)





AN OPPORTUNITY FOR FARM BOYS.





The season is at hand when prepara-

tions are being made by trappers for the

taking of the scason’s catch of fur-bear—

ing animals. This proves a profitable in-

dustry for many men are making it a

specialty. It is, however, stated by one

of the loading for dealers that a very

large percentage of their shipments come





 





from those who take up hunting and

trapping us a winter sport and thousands

of a. liars are made annually in this man—

ner. ‘



Many :1 farm boy could earn consider-

able pocket—money by doing a little trap-





ping on his own account during the win-

aud owing to the increased

ll(‘lllflllll for furs of all kinds, prices for

polls are much higher than for many

yours, which adds to the opportunity of

thc farm boy who may not be as skilled

business of trapping as the expert

who it as a profession. How-

cw-r. the boy who studies this problem

and carefully observes the habits of ani-

mals, which he seeks to catch, will soon

develop into an expert himself. It is not

too early to be considering means of

profitable winter employment and this

opportunity is one which should not be

neglected when the subject is being con—

sidered.





lcr scuson,





in Hu-

follows





V\/HEN THE CORN IS IN THE SHOCK.





RY MILLIE ourswom) REILEY.



\‘x'ben the corn is in the shock,



.‘md the pumpkins, lying ’round,

Hcmtcrctl here and fhcrc amongst it,



lmt with color all the ground;

\\'hcn the collar’s full of apples,



()ther fruitsfla goodly stock,

'l‘hcre's a fecling of contentment



\thn the corn is in the shock.





“'th the wheat is in the granary

\Vith great bins of oats and rye,

And the silo's ncarly bursting

And the hay is stackcd up high;

Though the birds begin to migrate,

Every now and then a flock,

Still there is the old contentment

“hen the corn is in the shock.





\thn the nights are floor as crystal

And the days are growing brief,

\Vith a gust of wind or rainfall

Sent from heaven for our relief,

“’63 begin to think of winter,

And Jack Frost is right on dock,

But we do not fear his coming -

For the corn is in the shock.





 





 





,,.





come BACK TO rust-"loan.

(Continued trbm page 342).

ingf point,” Mr. Lee declared. The ex-

ternal treatment was assisted by ‘a bowl-

ful of something for the inner 'man, the

active principle of which, judging by the

taste. was equal portions of wormwood





~and cayenne pepper., Mr. Lee submitted





patiently, if notthankfuily, to these at-

tentions, even to being set behind the

stove to “cool off so he wouldn‘t catch

cold."



"New, father, if you can have faith

you will be well," said Anna



“1 don’t care whether he has any faith

or not,“ protested her mother. “If you’re

sick you need doctoring. Thinking you’re

well. nor taking a teaspoonful of cold

water once an hour. won't make you

well." And to the credit of her system

be it said that at dinner time her patient

was able to stand nearly erect, and at

night was quite himsélf again.



By noon the sun was obscured, and at

two o'clock the air was filled with flying

snow. Apparently it all stayed in the

air, for it seemed to be swept horizontally

by the force of the wind, which tore at

the branches of the trees and battled

with them, while it raved and Stunned

at every solid object as if the snow did

not provide half enough resistance to its

strength and fury. Albeit an hour later

Mrs. Lee said, “I declare for it it there

isn't a drift between the kitchen window

and the garden fence that I don‘t believe





a team of horses could go through. It,





hasn't been so deep there this winter."

\Vhen evening came Mr. Lee said; "My

back feels pretty well again. so





father Billington, and

couple are in this storm.’





u





f

\l'hen he had been gone an hour they





were surprised to hear steps on the

porch; all wondered that he was back so

soon, for reading the paper to Grand-

l'zllhcr Billington was well known to be

(,nly a pretext, as the evening was always

spent in a very little reading and a large

amount of talking politics, beginning with

\Yhigs and Tories and ventilating every

party and measure clear down to the

present administration. as if the fate of

the nation depended upon their opinions.



The family were still -more surprised

when the footsteps were followed by a

rap, for surely nothing but necessity

would bring anyone out on such a night

as this. Mrs. Lee, being nearest, opened

the door and found standing there a

stranger, ragged, dirty and shivering, his

lower garments stiff with frozen snow.



“Can I get a night's lodging?" he ask-

ed, hesitatingly. “I’ve no money. I’m

broke.” '



“I don’t see how we can take him in,”

objected Anna, who had a constitutional

tear of tramps, as well as dislike, owing

to some unpleasant experiences with

“remains,” after entertaining those who

proved to have been not at all like

angels.



“I've been turned away a good deal,”

said the man with a hopeless air.



“A pretty tough night to send anyone

out,” remarked Sam from behind his

newspaper. Sam was Mr. Lee's nephew

and helper, and having once taken a

rather long trip in midwlnter with a

friend in a wagon, he kneW'better than

Anna the misery of being refused admit-

tance to a house.



"You may stay,” said Mrs. Lee.

“There’s :1 broom in the corner to sweep

off the snow with."



She closed the door, and it was so

long beforc be came in that they began

to think he had gone on. Presently he

rc-uppcarcd, and then they saw that he

had no overcoatfbis trousers were worn

to a deep fringe at the bottom, and his

feet were covered. but not protected, by

worn shoes and arctics. Mrs. Lee gave

him a seat by the fire and warmed some

beef soup'for his supper, while Sam, by

way of being hospitable, plied him with

questions as to Where he came from,

where he was going, and the object of

his journey.



He claimed New York city as his home

and professed to have left there in conse-

quence of some misleading advertisements

of work in the west. He had followed

one will-o-the-wisp after another, find-

ing now and then a'few days‘ employ-

ment, and was trying to make his way

back to New York.



”r-ld you ever use a crosscut saw?"

asked Sam.



"Yes, a little," he answered. "I could

have got a job sawing yesterday if I had

had a partner, but there was no one to

saw with me,”



“Vl’e need someone to saw," said Sam,

“so maybe We can give you a. few days’

work if you want."





\





Mayer Hono

Shoes are leaders.

They lead in style and ,

are unexcelled 1n weanng -,

qualities. The styles are the ‘ ' ' “

very latest. These splendidshoes are not equalled. by other

shoes selling at the same price. The chmcest leather, tough

soles and the best of everything goes mto them. Made With

double leather toes. They are “built on honor."



Buy Mayer Honorbilt Shoes and get the greatest shoe Values obtainable

' WARNING—W53“ -m.mrozems

We maize Mayer noncrbilt Show for man, man on! children. including

“Landing Lady.” and ‘ Knit" Mala. It “You“ cushion



at tum III-tho awn Mort m: >





Fill! OFFER—Send the mo of a deder who does not handle

Mayer Honorbilt Shoes-We will send free a handsome picture

1)! George W: err-size 15x3.



F. mm ”01‘ R SHOE GO» mwauxsswns.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

 





on the sole ’





\_vn__,.





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





l guess .

I’ll go over and read the paper to Gmnd- f

see how the old?





“Mar/i





You can buy no better gun

for target work and all

small game up to ‘





200 yards.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





— handles .22 short,



long or long-rifle cartridges

perfectly. The deep Ballard

, rifling develops maximum power and

accuracy and odd: years to the life of rifles.





The solid top‘is protection from defective cartridge-prevents powder and

tug- n2 ck. Th. aide ciecgion never let. ejected dial].

a all your beadhndmgckuaccunte to at s ciaofWith szirznple lake-

_ construction, notion puns, any . -1'!iut

qmckeflmdould_hdun. Amnesia: um any can duals.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





MICHIGAN FARMS IN BARRY AND

EATON COUNTIES.



Good stock, grain, fruit and general purpose fume:

od markets. water roads and schools. “rite for



a list No. a. motor a oxoox, Hastings. Mich,





I WILL MAKE v06

PROSPEROUS





"you are honest Ind ambitious wrlh In.





 





today. No matter when ll hat

, your occupation. x mu .331. ”23.1... -—LEAnN now To not mm

, huh bluinou by null; nppoini you smut lndl or winter home- ln the SUNNY

1 Ropmonhtivo of my Comp“, in mhwn: SOUTH for a fraction of usual out.





am you in a profitable holiness of your ow



f and help you mote big money ct once. u.



% Unusual opporlnn for men MM

capital to become moor-dent [or Me.



Valuable Book and full portionin- FREI.



Write ted-1.





‘ llATlOIAl. WRIT!" "Al" 00.





1:. mmm mgzmglfiigm Virginia Farms for Sale.



No. 1—196 acre stock farm with good improvement.-



nnd Well fenced. 80 acres cleared, nlonoe saw-timber



B U SH EL C TE S and oordw , the orchard. 80 miles from Richmond.



RA one mile from Station. timber will pay for it.



To close them out. a. No. 1 crate for 12 cents each. Price $3,800.00. Ii“ 2‘4“) acres 3‘ mile from Btutlon.



Nailed up. slots 2 inches wide, round corners and 17 miles from Richmond. price $10 per acre. Other



they 1“,“ together. Cuts if you wish. farms burgh?I and small write me what you (want.

WILL ALLEN, R. No. 8. Howell. Mich. M. 0. ANN, 911 Hull. St, 80. Richmond. Va.





M. J. CARLBY. ROYAL OAK. MICHIGAN.





——l\[ ' .



l91Ԥ.l.illi. shim-bio Wild-

. v n . - 0 an 1' a .



Secretory Commercial Club. finfifi‘i‘éa. will;





 





 





Mont





 





 





For Re“ —Farm 160 acres: 150 acres cleared. all

good land. Flue large buildings well

fenced 1&3 m‘lesx from two R. 1%. Station. ‘Rural

mail and telephone lines. Cash rent $250.00 per year.

Address ROBI. J. HARRIS, ,Reed City. MlchJ





FARMS AND FARM lANllS

Hill SALE 0H EXCHANGE





EW YORK GREAT FARM BARGAINS near

. lthzu-a and (‘ornell universitv; lnr 9 list. Send

w free catalog. KEEBER dz BARBER, Ethnca. N, Y.





' ' —Fine fertile lands. Prairie

Free HomeSEead In ”mm and Grove. For particu-

lars write, C. L. SHERIDAN, Thief River Falls. Minn





CENTRAL MlcH.egzgligligsss:“§r§msj

. . . . . in 0 S 0 Fill

FARMS nearer handball?





rec Trips to Texas—Learn of a way to see theWonder-



ful l ower l’eeoasVlley with its vast irrigation reser-

\‘oi re, .1 ts big fields of Alfalfa, cotton and cone. ts orch-

ards. its vineyards and its gardens abso utely with '

out. one cent of expense to you. W. Scott Luce, Gen.

,L‘and dc 'lownm'te Agt,. Land De is. U. S. a Mexican

lrust 00.. 518 \V iddicomb Bldg, (fraud Rapids, Mich.





WE SELL FARMS In BARRY, EATON

and lngham Counties, Michigan





Homoseekers-Alienlion





The territory traversed by the Nashville, Chet,-

tanoogu & St. Louis Railway is rich in, natural

resources. and its climatic conditions and the

fertility of its soil offer unexcelled opportunities

for the profitable production of grains. grasses,

live stock and truck crops. Fertile and attract

wafarm lands may be had at very low prices.

Write me at once for tree dourlptlvo lltoraturo.

II. I'. Smith, 'l‘ramc lancer. Dept. P. Nashville. Tenn.

FRE forested in the wonderful Sacra-



mento Valley, the richest valley in

the world. Unlimited opportunities. Thousands

of acres available at right prices. The place for





the man wanting a home in the finest climate on

earth. No lands for sale; organized to give reliable





information. Sacramento ' '

lessonlegi‘sshs: Gallfornla

FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS [N

o 9 ‘



The Nation 3

Garden Spot-





 





 





 





 





 





 





Literature will be'sentto any one in-





 





 





 





 





The most productivE and beat. lm roved farms in AT GREAT [RUIT AND TRUCK

SOUTH «RN MICHI AN. GROWING SECTION-

Write for booklet and our new term list No. 7.

eucKLEs a. MATTHEWS, Eaton Rapids. Mloh 81038 the





 





Atlantic Coast Line





WHY PAY REN “Madge RAILROAD’





near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for mo and per-





a 1 rs. Ole m] d . ., . . \

(033.2...)15 Mt'mn infill .°€:§l§°.'$’w. is. album. in Virginia, North md South Carolina;

Georgia, Alabama and Florida. write to





WILBUR McCOY E.N.CLARK,



' A. a I.Agt.for Florida, A.& I.Agc.torv1rgmu

Alabama, floor is,



I Jacksonville, 1a..





and the Carolina,

Wilmington, N. 0.



Acres of rich black corn land in



EASTERN OKLAHOMA. ARKAN-



! SAS and LOUISIANA for sale.

trade or rent. Write





ALLEN 8: HART, Owners





 





 





 





 





 





 





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the





 





 





308 Com. Bldg..Kansas City. Mo.. AG





Gifford. Ark.,or Cloremore. Okla. Wilma MiChigan Farmer-





 





 





 





xv... ‘3‘. ..—..,._..4u>n





~ .r a.





f as-..





m balms“ Mi‘ . M}... ._...to‘--.-... m ain‘t! 1.... ~e.- a.





v





 

   





‘/
1.-.-..m1.» . .





run-3.3





.1‘.£-. , .





v~ ~..._ .g ”k x”;





it

1

1

l





 





 





   





OCT. 21' I ”11b





Atter being fed and warmed he was

shown to a bed, and Sam brought down

his clothes to be dried through the night



"If he's good for anything we ll keep

him a few days," commented Mr. Lee

when informed of his coming. That he

should be there was a matter of no sur-

prise to him, for Anna had been known

to declare that ”Father never. would re-

fuse anybody, and we might just as well

have a sign of ‘Tramp Hotel’ on the

front of the house." “I guess you’re in

their good books all right," Sam would

answer consolingly. ‘



The next day the man went with Sam

to saw wood. The storm had spent itself

in the one day and night and gone rush-

ing away on its mission, which was to

spread discomfort as far and wide as

possible. There were deep drifts, how-

ever, in the lane that led to the woodlot.

Sam was dressed suitably for such ex-

posure, but Frank—~Frank Dailey was the

name he gave—by night was wet to the

hips. Mrs. Lee ransacked Sam’s ward-

robe and appropriated a pair of overalls.

To the bottom of these she sewed straps

to' go under his feet, and then by tying

them down around his ankles with strings

his limbs were kept comfortably dry. As

his atmosphere was somewhat malador-

011s, Mrs. Lee gave him a rocking chair

near the kitchen stove, with a table and

lamp on the other hand, and here he read

HIM-2 of the papers and some books.



skier 11 day or two Sam asked him what

wages he wanted.



"I’m not very particular,” he replied.

“I’d rather work than be tramping:” so

day after day he kept diligently at work.

He never arose until daylight, about the

time breakfast was ready, and always

came into the house as soon as it was

dusk. At first he was very awkward

with an axe, and his blows were like a

child's, but gradually practice made him

more skillful.



He was rather slight in build. and be-

low mcdium height. His hair, though line

and thin, was straight and black at an

Indian’s. His features were rather sharp.

His voice was low and he used good lan-

guage, with a slightly foreign accent. He

seldom spoke voluntarily, but his few re-

marks were sensible and to the point.

No one could decide his nationality,

either from looks or speech, though, after

the rural fashion of finding diversion in

trifles, the family often speculated upon

it, trying by this sign or that to locate

the place of his nativity.



With the idea that he possibly was

not one to make good use of money, Mr.

Lee, from timo to time, when business

called him to their market town, brought

home to him foot and hand wear. under—

wear, new overalls, and. after about six

weeks an entire new suit of dark clothes,

On each occasion Frank accepted the

articles given him with a quietly spoken

”thanks,” and wore them as necessity

required.



The trousers which he was‘ wearing

when he came, besides the dirt and

fringe, were now further embellished

with a large three-cornered tear on the

knee. Mrs. Lee pronounced them “not

worth washing and mending," and they

were left hanging in his room. he mean-

while making uso of the new ones.



After a pretty general change had been

made in his clothing, assisted by a bath,

Mrs. Lee had invited him to come into

the sitting room, but he declined, saying

that he was out of the way in his cor-

ner. He was well read for one in his po-

sition, and had a quiet dignity which won

respect. He seemed retiring in disposi-

tion, and apparently rather gloomy. “No,”

he said on one occasion in reply to some

banicring remark from Sam, “I never

went in company much. It's no good to

go if the girls don‘t like you." He gave,

his age as- thirty-rive, said his mother

had been burned to death in a kerosene

lamp accident, and that he never had

been home much after his father‘s sec—

ond marriage.



No word further had ever been said

about wages. “'eek followed week until

ten had slipped by since the wild night

when he first sought the shelter of Mr.

Lee’s hospitable roof.



Anna, who had finished her winter

term and was well begun with the spring,

had long been reconciled to Frank as a.

member of the household and was about

persuaded that they probably would not

have to be applying insecticides to his

room once a week all through the sum-

mer.



Mr. Lee, with another pair of Willing

hands always ready to do their part.

had not found it necessary to tempt a.

return of his “crick.” “Frank is atten-

tive and faithful as the day is long,"

he said at one time. “After I have told





have to watch it any more. He will do it

just the same every- time. For any work

that he has done so far; he is one of the

best men I ever had. but there must be a

screw loose somewhere or he never would

be a tramp."



It began to look as if Frank might be

what Florence Dombey's nurse called a

“permanency,” in the Lee home. Even

Grandmother Billington had ceased to

Wonder “what the feller was anyhow.”



The snow was gone and the lengthening

days were growing .more spring like,

when one Sunday morning Frank asked

the way to the church. Mr. Lee direct-

ed him, but added that if he wanted to

go he could have a horse and buggy and

drive down. He said he “wanted to take

a walk anyway,” and started in the di-

rection of the church, wearing his entire

suit of new clothes.



He returned early in the afternoon, say-

ing he went to the church but not i11-

side. He seemcd less sociable than usual

the rest of the day, not replying to any

remarks addressed to him as cordially as

was his wont. Monday morning while

at his work he kept looking across the

fields to the road which ran past the

farm.



“What are you looking for?” asked

Sam.



“I dursn’t tell you,” answered Frank,

“for fear you’d ‘jump your job.’ ”



After working about half an hour long—

er he laid down the fork which he was

using and said, “I believe I’ll ‘pack my

freight;"’ then he started toward the

house. On the way he passed through

the barn where Mr. Lee was feeding his

sheep; he stopped a moment to say to

him, “I’m going to ‘pack my freight."’



Mr. Lee, after puzzling a little over his

meaning, answered, “Just as you like,

but you needn't go till you get ready. 1'“

be'in the house in a minute."



As Mr. Lee went through the room

where his wife was he remarked, “Frank

says he’s going to leave.”



“How much money does he want?”

asked Mrs. Lee.



"He hasn’t asked for any,” returned

her husband, “but I’m going to give him

some,” and taking a bill from his desk

he went upstairs where Frank was al-

ready. Finding him arrayed i11 the. dis-

reputable garments in which he first ap—

peared, he said in surprise: “Why,

Frank, are you going to wear the old

clothes and early the new ones?”



“I'm not going to take the new ones,”

returned Frank, quietly.



“Why not?” asked Mr. Lee. “I want

you to take them, and here is some

money for you.”



“I don’t want it,” stolidly replied Frank,

and started down 'stairs, leaving clothing

and money lying on his bed.



Mr. Lee followed him, sdying, “Vi'hy,

Frank, I don’t want you to go this way;

1 want you to take what belongs to you.”





“You wouldn't want me to take them.





if I didn’t think it was right, would you?”

asked Frank with some' show of temper.



“N0." replied Mr. Lee, “but I think it

is right. You’ve earned them, and they

are yours."



“I’ve tried to do the best I could for

you," observed Frank, rather irrelavant-

ly, as Mr. Lee thought. However, he

answered: “I’m perfectly satisfied with

what you’ve done. I'm not finding any

fault."



“Neither am I,” retorted Frank, and

he started down the road with no more

ceremony, leaving the family feeling as

it‘ someone had struck them, and with a

riddle on their hands that they have nev-

er been able to read.



“Never had a word with him while he

was here," said Mr. Lee as he watched

him turn the corner, “and I can’t under-

Stand it.”



Anna suggested that if “tramping” was

his profcssion, he might have felt that

he could better sustain the character in

the old clothes.



“That needn’t have hindered his taking

the, money," answered her mother.



About noon it turned colder and one of

our cheerful spring blizzards set in. A

neighbor who stopped on his way home

from town said he “hadn’t suffered so

from cold all winter.”



“\l'ell,” said Sam that evening, as the

wind was howling and the storm trying

to beat its way through the kitchen win-

dow, “I wondei if Frank doesn’ t wish he

was‘here in his rocking chair. Blamed if

his corner don’t look lonesome.”



”I hope he’s comfortable, somewhere,”

said Mrs. Lee. “The warm days called

him too early.”



“He’ll be back agin come fall,” prophe-

sied Grandmother Billington.



But he never came back.





 

     





   





THE 'MICHIGAN FAR'MER. , _ . mi, 345





him how to do a thing once, I never





     

       





                               

 





       





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Why Young Women





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Dislike Housework.





 





housework has for some time back



been a source of alarm to those

who are watching the trend of things.

Scarce a public speaker or writer but

has touched on the subject, and if we are

to belieye these savants, scarce a woman

exists who really loves this, her natural

vocation. Among the younger women es-

pecially is this true, the women who have

married, say, in the last decade.



And great are the crimes which are

laid at the door of this abnormal (?)

tendency. Indeed, not a few philosophers

charge that nine-tenths of the divorces

in America ma;r be traced to bad cook-

ing, which again is directly traceable to

woman‘s dislike to work with her hands

in her own home.



Where there is much smoke, there

must be fire, runs the old saying. So we

must admit there is something in this

charge that women are turning with dis-

gust from housekeeping to other lines of

work, or to idleness if they are so situat-

ed as to make idleness possible. Ask

your acquaintances who are housekeep-

ers if they like their work, the baking and

brewing, washing, ironing and mending,

and the thousand and one tasks which

are grouped under the general term,

housework, and probably only one out of

ten among the younger women will give

you an affirmative answer. If you turn

to the older women a larger percentage

will honestly say they enjoy their work,

and know of nothing they would rather

do.



It is the young women, then, who are

the sinners, and why? Why is it our

American girls dislike housework and

would rather work in sweatshops or stuf-

fy offices than in a kitchen? Whose is

the fault? Three are to blame equally,

the mother and the writers and publish-

ers of modern fiction.



Among my acquaintances are many

mothers of growing daughters. \Vith one

exception money is not plentiful in any

of these homes. There is enough, by

stretching it, to pay expenses and put a

little by, but there is none to squander,

and yet not one of. those daughters ever

so much as washes a dish. The mothers

work hard, usually far beyond their

strength, the daughters are old enough to

be of a great deal of help, yet they are

never set to wotk at a single household

task. And for this lamentable wrong

there are many excuses. “Mary works

hard enough in school," “Mary can’t

wash dishes, it would make her fingers

too stiff for the piano,” “Mary needs the

time for study,” “Mary needs the time

for play,” and, most pitiful of all rea-

sons, “None of Mary’s friends do house—

work. ’l‘he girls in her set would cut her

if they knew she had to work.”



So Mary is not only allowed to grow

up with no knowledge of housework, she

is encouraged to think that some sort of

stigma attaches to dishwashing and cook—

ing. The probabilities are that if Mary

ever marries, she will wed a man with-

out moncy and have to learn at that late

day the things she should grow into as

unconsciously as she does into truthtell-

ing. But the eyes of the mothers are

holden so they can not see, and the

daughters go on to join the multitude of

young married women who “just hate

housework."



And why blame the writers and pub-

lishers for this nation-wide a'filjction?

Because they join with the mothers in

putting housework under the ban. The

average novel and short story deals only

with heroines who toil not nor spin.

Lady’s maids, butlers, housemaids, and

servants appear, but only as minor inci-

dents, and as creatures of different blood

from the lovely heroine. The real center

of the stage is held by a woman who

never does anything more menial than

pour a cup of tea, the while she archly

assures the hero, or villain, whichever is

due to appear, that she never remembers

whether ‘he takes one or two lumps. If





THE growing distaste of women for





a servant appears she is placed in the

light of a. clown or assistant to the vi]—

lain. Housemaids are never painted as

intelligent, dignified women.



Books for girls are little better. If the

book deals with school days, it is always

a select, private school which is pictured,

where the girls have wealthy parents or

guardians, and where their lily white

hands are never soiled with kitchen work.

We never hear of the girl in public school





eccl





 





 





 





 





“ v

who hurries home at night to take care

of the children while her mother goes

shopping, or to get supper for her father

and a hungry brood.



It would be well for those magazine

editors who run editorials monthly be—

wailing the fact that American women

refuse to do their natural work, to scan

their fiction honestly. Example has more

weight than precept, and it will do no

good to preach to women of their duty,

while the ideal creatures held up to them

in stories are always ringing for the

maid. DEBORAH.





 





 





 





Women Who Are-Doing T hingsé-No. 3.





[Charlotte Perkins Gilman.





E are apt to connect the term



RR] "\Voman Suffragist” with a



mental picture of a female who

scorns feminine occupations and devotes

her time to the “cause,” to the neglect

of all else. When the suffragist is also

a lecturer and a writer of deep and

weighty magazine articles all bearing di-

rectly on woman’s questions, we are dou-

bly sure she can have no'strictly frivo-

lous occupations.



Imagine our surprise, then, to learn

that Charlotte Perkins Gilman can cock

as well as talk, and thinks it not beneath

her dignity to design and fit her own

clothes. Add to this the fact that she

draws and colors exottisitely, and you

get a new idea of this woman who is cer-

tainly “doing things." i '



Mrs Gilman‘s name is known to every

reader of magazines, for it appears in

practically all of the best. Just to show

the sort of things she writes about, here

are the titles of a few of her articles:





“Children’s Clothing,” “Irresponsible

Nursemaid,” “Naughtiness in Our Lnil-

dren,” “Child Labor in the Schools,”





“Pets and Children,” “Race Improve-





 





, . .....





 





 





 





Charlotte Perkins Gilman.





ments,” “New Home Conditions React

Upon the Family,” “What Are Women

Anyway?” “Five Kinds of Love,” “Sug-

gestions of the Negro Problem." A book

from her pen has also recently been is-

sued, “VVhat Diantha Did.”



Mrs. Gilman is the daughter of Fred-

erich Beecher Perkins, the great grand-

daughter of Lyman Beecher, and the wife

of George H. Gilman, of New York, whom

she married in 1900. She began lecturing

on ethics, economics and social conditions

in 1890, and has always been identified

with labor problems and the movement

for the advance of women. She lectured

in Europe in 1896 and again in 1899 and

1905. She‘is a prolific writer, not only of

serious articles and stories, but also of

verse. Since 1909 she has been the edi-

tor of the Forerunner.



Among the societies to which she be-

longs are the American Academy of P0-





litical Science, American Sociological As-

sociation, and the League for Political

Education.



As a platform speaker Mrs. Gilman is

more of a conversationalist than an orat-

or. She speaks with much deliberation

and handles her subject exhaustively, en-

livening it with flashes of quaint humor.

She is tall, dark and slender and a very

quiet dresser.



THE MUCH ABUSED AND MISUSED

POTATO.





 





BY ISAAC MOTE S.





No other vegetable served upon the

table in the American home is subjected

to such poor cooking as this good old

stand-by, indispensable alike to the table

of the workingman, the tradesman and

the professional man. The way it is too

often served for breakfast in the average

hotel and restaurant, and in the home of

the poor and the middle classes, is almost

revolting when we consider how well it

might be cooked, with no more trouble

or thought, for if you learn to do a thing

right it takes no more mental energy to

do it that way than to do it the wrong

way.



It- is always the left-over potatoes,

cooked the next morning for breakfast,

which are subjected to such poor cook-

ing. In 19 cases out of 20 they are stale,

tasteless, without seasoning, and almost

unfit to eat, considering that they could

so easily be made into excellent dishes,

and considering, too, how fine and mealy

they were the day before when freshly

boiled or steamed. When put into hash

the proportion of potato to meat is ten

times too large, and the meat often noth—

ing but gristle;



In the homes of poor workingmen these

cold boiled potatoes are put into a frying

pan and heated, often without the addi—

tion of any lard or butter, and called

German fried potatoes, when there’s no

resemblance whatever to German fry.

\Vhen a frying pan fttll of potatoes are

cooked at once they cannot be browned

nicely.

they may be made into soggy, tasteless,

ilat, unsalted and unseasoned cakes, With

no grease in them except on the outside,

what little attaches to them from the fry-

ing or heating in the greasy pan, with the

middles as unpalatable as so much ground

up rotten wood. Many times leftover po-

tatoes are served for breakfast when

they should be thrown away, but the wife

doesn’t know that they are unfit for food.

or else she is unwisely economical and

wants to utilize them.



In the homes of the average working-

man, and. even those making from $100 to

$150 a month, not one housewife out of a

hundred cooks French fried potatoes. It

is always boiled or mashed potatoes for

dinner, and these warmed over, hashed or

imitation German fry for breakfast and

luncheon the next day. They say it is too

much trouble to cook French fry. The

real reason doubtless is that theSe house-

keepers do not know how to cook French

fried potatoes easily, quickly and conven-

iently, but a still better reason is that

they have cold boiled or mashed potatoes

left over from the previous day, and

economy impels the housekeeper to utilize

them warmed over for breakfast.





They can only be heated. Or'





Really, it isn’t any more trouble to cook‘

French fried potatoes than the pretended

German fry you find on the breakfast ta-

ble of so many workingmen and in res--

taurants and cheaher hotels every morn-

ing, and the breakfast Would be infinitely

more appetizing and enjoyable ‘if the in-

telligent housekeeper would serve them

far oftener than she does, both for break-

fast and dinner. It would be much better

if the housekeeper cooked only enough

potatoes for dinner each day for that.

meal, had none left over to be warmed

for breakfast and eaten in order to “save"

them.



French Fried Potatoes.



To cook French fry take raw potatoes

of uniform size, not too large. Let them

be smooth, straight and say about one

and one—half to two and one-half inches

long, and about half as thick as long.

\Vash, peel and cut lengthwise in slices

about a quarter of an inch thick, that is,

if small and slender, cut them in quart-

ers, or each half into three slices, making

six in all, but if larger cut into eight,

ten or twelve slices. It is best to let the

slices remain in cold water an hour or

so, then take out and dry on a clean white

clith, but where they are to be served for

breakfast this may be dispensed with.

Simply put them immediately into clear,

bubbling hot lard.



Before they are quite done, and for the

purpose of making them puff out their

sides, lift them out a moment and drain,

then return them to the lard and fry untll

done, a bright orange yellow, or a shade

less yellow. They should be neither too

pale nor too brown. Sprinkle a very lit-

tle salt and pepper over them immediately

after taking out of the hot grease, and

serve at once. French fried potatoes are

best when served immediately upon being

cooked, when they are hot and crisp, but.

anyway they should be served within an

hour after being cooked, and should be

kept hot in the meantime.



The best utensils for cooking French

fried potatoes are a large, deep, bright

frying pan, with a woven wire potato

holder the shape of the frying pan, and

just large enough to fit inside of it, with-

out quite touching the bottom, with a

long wire handle, and with hooks at the

top edge of the holder to catch on the

top edge of the pan. In this way the

potatoes are kept off the bottom of the

pan, and do not become soiled. The

grease should be clear, bubbling hot when

the potatoes are put in, so as to soar

over the outside and prevent the escape

of the potatoes’ flavor and also to prevent

too much of the grease from striking in.

Put a handful or two of the slices (not

enough to lower the temperature of the

grease too much), into this wire holder

and lay in the pan of bubbling grease,

when they will cook in three or four min—

utes. This grease should be strained

every two or three days through a clean,

[iner woven cloth.



Another convenient vessel is a pan four

or five inches high, to set back on the

stove where the heat is not so great, with

a deep tin vessel having a rounded, per-

forated bottom, and with hooks at the top

to catch upon the top edge of the deep

pan, this perforated vessel to hold the

potatoes as they are cooked, when the

grease will drain off through the holes in

the bottom into the pan underneath. If

the potatoes are put into a pan or dish

where the grease gathers on the bottom

they will soon become saturated with it,

and be heavy and sodden with grease.

Every good hardware store sells such

vessels.



\Vith these fixtures the potatoes may

be cooked as required, starting the meal

with only a few, for if the grease is kept

as hot as it should be they can be cook-

ed in three or four minutes, and will be

much hotter, fresher, more crisp and de-

licious. This is the way French fry is

cooked in the greatest hotels in the land.



Care must be used to see that the

grease doesn’t scorch, for then it will

give the potatoes a dark, dirty look, and

will have to be thrown away. For this

reason a good coal or wood stove is far

preferable to a gas stove for cooking
" fl. 4... a...“





a . -....~ a--.





 





 





   





CHILDREN

IN VALIDS





Need Sunshine





AND

Scott’s Emulsion





Next to sunshine, nothing

restores health, strength

and vitality like





Scott’s Emulsion





-ILI. DHUGGIBTB





 





‘ t em made better than .

the CENTURY BOOT.





Waits: the _ , .

but a or pro- 1:

mammal 32%?“





IT IS THE CHEAPEST



. because best—best in material. best in workmanship,

and best for wear. Those facts are also true of the en. -

tire Beacon Falls line. When you want. a. high grade ;

satisfactory rubber boot or shoe, meist that. you be ..

shown goods bearing the Gross. It insures you quality

and service. If you can’t secure Century Bpots from

your dealer, write us. Send his name. W is Will see that:

you are supplied. Send for illustrated booklet.





BEACON FALLS RUBBER SHOE 00.





 





 





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   





New York Chicago Boston

6'" “K no”. .- - ' ‘ "x‘x‘k

/ » ‘2’ z ’ - ‘x ‘ \

LI. . s ” \ \

' W I, DRIVING .‘~





{album ,Youarein out oft/1e wet

ifll/ ’4’,fl,flfl/l 'f ",

ill/ll/ Il/l/ ,’/ 1 YOU Wear (1

3.97/0]? ” FISHBRAND it



I . _

4,37,], liE.FLl:'.x,such

i130,” Our REFLEX edgeipatd) guxdes all water

1/ III down and gif.moking front of coat

ilII/l absolutely waterproof :the greatest





W v‘imp‘rovem ent ever made in waterproof





,’ (garment construction.

MORE THANEVEK

7115 SLICKER or QUALITY





Sold Everywhere



, Satisfaction guaranteed



" Anl .Tows R Co.

BOSTON



" TOWER-CANADIAN.LTD;





 





Full



Spring $ §§

Seat and -—

. ‘ “:1. Covered in Best

'73: 3} R o y sl Leather





Look at the

picture-,doosn't

this Rockerlook

' inviting with

. its high, broad,

,' shapely b a c k



. and deeproorny

spring leafllt' a

node to last

orever, and its





 





 





dies. and mau-

ivo fmntcnrvod

poets. give it

the exclusive-

neu and style

. Marmot be had inany other rocker. Frame

thoroughly waned ooh, high golden and gloss finish. Best

quality Black Royal lather; workman-hip first-chm. Prica

but “.85 mak- it the biggest bargain ever offered- We

can afford such values become we own our '

own timber lands sawmills. factorial

and nluroome. Honey back it it is not

worth double. Sand for our large FREE cash

outalogue of Furniture. Bun. Curtains. etc. ._____

Iurn at once how much cheaper and hotter-you can buy for

cash direct from the manufacturers. We line all ext--

3.. Write NOW; better still. enclose 38.86 this com-





bio locker. Order by number 070. Address; (ll-l)

them-tum cc... 1201 ll. am 81ml. chicago.





 





BIG

CATALOG

FREE





' know it.





 





 





\





 





these potatoes, for gas makes such a. hot

fire that the grease burns before you





German Fry.



It you have some boiled potatoes left

Over from the previous day and want to

make German fry, cut the potatoes into

even slices crossways of the potato, about

one-fifth of an inch thick, and brown

them nicely on both sides in a large,

bright, flat-bottomed frying pan slightly

greased with butter, lard or clear bacon

grease, cooking only' one layer over the

bottom at a time, and turning them once

or twice as you would a steak or a chop,

in order to brown both sides, salting and

peppering them a little while cooking. It

is absurd to think of browning a. whole

frying pan full of potatoes at one time,

and calling them German fry. The bot-

tom of the pan should be hissing hot when

the potatoes are put in, but not smoking.

German fry is best made from potatoes

which have been boiled specially for this

purpose, with their jackets on. If any of

the potatoes break or crumble in slicing,

use them for hash, to be made of equal

portions of good lean meat and potatoes.





~’ THE MATTER OF CHILDREN’S

DRESS.





._._.





BY ELLA E. BOCKWOOD.



ARENTS owe it to their offspring

P to dress them in proportion to their



means. I do not advocate dressing

children other than simply. and over-

dressing is both vulgar and in poor taste.

Yet, to be well and suitably clothed

means more to a child than might at first

thought be imagined .



Pretty and neat frocks for little girls

need not be expensive either in material

or in making. For school wear in wintcr

some soft cloth of pretty color has the ad-

vantage of not showing dirt and does not

require doing up. Aprons may be worn

over such a frock, indeed, they are quite

necessary. -



Little boys' suits are very cheap these

days. A little money buys a serviceable

suit. Yet, with a ten-cent pattern a good

suit can be made out of a man’s discard-

ed coat, dyeing it if necessary. Usually

all that will be required is to turn the

goods.



To be well clad gives a most comfort-

able feeling to an adult, why not to a.

Lchild? Never let the boy or girl get the

impression that anything is good enough

Insist upon personal neatness and care

of all clothing. That will be a help to

them all their lives. To compel a child

to wear shabby clothes when there is no

necessity for so doing is cruel and makes

them a target for ill—natured remarks

from their mates. Self-respect is a virtue

and has no kinship with vanity. This

virtue is largely dependent upon so sor-

did a matter as clothes. Is this not true?





IMPROMPTU REFRESHMENTS.





BY MRS. FRED





A couple of afternoons ago, a telephone

message informed me that half-a—dozen

young people would drop in to spend the

evening with us: “Just after supper,

you know, and not to make any trouble.”

But a hostess feels that an evening of

music and games should be supplemented

by light refreshments, particularly when

guests drive out in the winter, but—the

time was short and the cakebox con—

tained only a little more than enough for

the family supper.



A brief review, however, demonstrated

that a satisfactory little lunch could be

prepared without much trouble. Sand-

wiches, pickles, chocolate and three kinds

of cake were decided on while the fire

was being started.



There was not time for the mixing of

three elaborate cakes, but the old stand-

by was called into use after this fashion

while the oven was heating: Three cups

of sugar and three large tablespoonfuls

of butter were creamed together in a.

large crock. To these were added three

well-beaten eggs. three cups of milk, and

six cups of sifted flour, into each of

which a small teaspoonful of baking pow-

der had been mixed. Eighteen patty

cake tins were first filled, then a sheet

of the batter was spread in a very large

bread tin (to make layer cake) and to

the remainder fruit and spices were ad-

ded, this being turned into a granite

basin to bake.



The materials for a favorite boiled ic-

ing were then put in a. skillet and set on

the range: Three cups of granulated

sugar, with a tablespoonful of corn starch

mixed in to prevent graining, and 15

tablespoonfuis of milk. Boil till it hairs,

cool and beat till white and creamy.





 





NI SE‘V ANGER.





 





While the cakes were baking, sand-





brown.





'confidcnl





 





*Tnéi‘mcmem A'IAFAERl’VléR.





wiches and chocolate were made and

put in the tireless cooker—the chocolate

to keep hot and the sandwiches to keep

cool and moist. »



There wasn’t an abundance of boiled

ham for the sandwiches, so it was run

through the food chopper, some cracker

crumbs were added, the whole seasoned

with celery salt and pepper, moistened

with rich cream and spread on thin slices

of buttered bread cut in various fancy

shapes with cooky cutters.



The patty cakes were sprinkled with

”cake candy" after being iced; icing for

the layer cake was colored pink with red

sugar dissolved in a little milk and

sprinkled with cocoanut; grated choco-

late made the icing for the fruit cake





About ten o'clock, plates containing a

sandwich, mixed pickles, fork and nap—

kins were passed, followed by the three

little girls with plates of patty cakes,

slices of layer cake and wedges of fruit

cake, and mother with a. tray of hot

chocolate. '





BURY YOUR BULBS IN SAND.

h—n—





nY LALIA MITCHELL.

After bulbs have bloomed, the bed in





which they grew is often wanted for oth-

er plants, and yet the gardener is unwill-

ing to throw them away, with the pros-





pect of buying new in the fall. Some

cover the bed with several inches of

loam and then sow seeds or set plants





over the tops of the bulbs. This is sel-

dom satisfactory, however, as the roots

are disturbed when the soil is removed,

or else they are buried so deeply that

they will not blossom the coming spring.



A better way is to put a load of sand

in some shady place in the back garden.

As soon as the bulbs have bloomed lift

them very carefully and. put in a cool

shaded place to dry out. Direct sunshine

injures thcir vitality. As soon as all the

little roots are thoorughly dry, bury them

in the lmllom of the sand heap, being

careful that they are not close enough to

touch each either. When fall comes, dig

them out and

that the bloom of the second

spring wffl be even finer than that of the

first.





MICHlGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





 





These patterns may be obtained from

the Michigan Farmer office at the prices

named. Be sure to give pattern number

and the size wanted.





 





 





 





 





No. 5151—Ladle5’ Tucked Shirt Waist.

-—Cut in sizes 32 to 42 busL measure. Size

36 requircs .‘5 yards of 27—inch material.

Price, 10 cents.



No. 4015—Ladles' Dressing Sacque. Cut

in sizes 32 to 44 inches. bust measure.





For size 36 it requires 31,5 yards of 27—

inch material. Price, 10 cents.



No. 4875—Ladies' Princess Slip. Cut in

sizes 32 to 44 inches, bust measure. For

size 36 it requires 53/4 yards 36 inches

wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5132—Ladies’ Nine-gored Skirt. Cut

in sizes 22 to 36 inches waist measure.

Width of lower edge of skirt for 24—inch

waist 3 ardisysl/g, 174 1/4 1,4, 14

waist is 314. yards, and requires 3%, yards

of 44—inch material. Price, 10 cents.



No. 4845—Children’s Dress. Cut in sizes

1.5 to 5 years. For 3 years size it requires

17/8 yards of 36-inch material. Price, 10

cents.





 





For excellent dusters, sew together the

upper parts of old socks and stockings.-

E. W. T.





set them in their beds,





 





l





   





Write for this

free book





if you have a

heatingproblem

to solve. It ex-

plains why fifty percent of the heat

from the coal goes out the stovepipe

of some stoves, just as fifty percent

of the cold from the ice goes but the

drip pipe of some refrigerators. . It

makes the principles of household

heating so clear that you will under-

stand wlzy it is that you get a dollar's

worth of heat out of every dollar’s

worth of coal you burn in the





LERMONT





BaseBurnen





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





’ This wonderful stove extracts all the heat

from the fuel before discharging the burnt

gases and smoke into the chimney because

it has the longest fire travel. And it; radiates

every particle of this heat directly in to the

house because it has the largest warm air

flue. No scorching of the face while the

cold chills run up and down the back. The

remotest corners of the rooms are heated

and the temperature is uniform all over. The

combustion is perfect—there is no waste.

The fire holds over night and may be started

up strong and even in the morning bya turn

of the dampers.



Send the coupon today for the Booklet

which we will forward by return mail. It

will cost you nothing and may save you a

great deal in heat and comfort no less than-

in money.





The Gem City Stove Co.

540-550 Linden Ave. Dayton. Ohio





 





GEM CITY STOVE (20., ' M

Dayton, Ohio.

.. Gentlemen: Please send me a copy of you: Booklet

Pointers for Stove Buyers" by return mail. This is not

to involvemc in any obligations whatsoever.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Q:

%

3

W

m





TRADE MAHK





foninnonneo l

auburn -. ‘





Jas.S.Kirk8.Com]iy‘





You Should Use

J AP ROSE





for a Perfect Complexion





JAP ROSE Soap is a perfect blending of

purest vegetable oils. It cleans the skin

of all grease and dirt instantly. It

refreshes and invigorates.



JAP ROSE is made especially for the

toilet and bath—NOT for laundry use. It:

daily use will result in a clear complexion

and healthy body.



it is the only soap that lather: freely in

Hot or Cold, Hard or Soft water, without

sediment.





A Large Transparent Cake for 10¢





REFUSE [MIT ATIONS. LOOK FOR THE

JAP GIRL ON THE YELLOW PACKAGE.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





At All . and

Druggists ' . Grocers

Walled 1839 102





   

 





 





NULITE GASOLINE TABLE [AMP





A complete Light. Plant weighing’l lbs. Por-

table,absolute y safe, 3000 . brilliant. light

7 5‘ cent per hour. Ssves90$of your light bl",

AGENTS Write for Special lOfl'er' on com-

plete line 0 gasoline lights and

systems. ()vermldifierent styles._ Highest

Quality. Lowest prices. Exclusive tern.

tory for capubletown. county and traveling

salesmen. 72-page illustrated catalog free.

Write to-day.

IA'I'IONAL STAIPIKG I ELECTRIC WORKS,

482 S. Clinton BL. CHICAGO. U.8.A.
OCT. 21, 1911.





(20) i





348





' THE MOTHER’S oppon'rum'rv.



:5 . '—“



5 . BY A. W. s.



i“ As I sit on the porch this bright au-



. tumn morning and watch the merry



if youngsters go trooping by to school with

books and dinner pails I fall to wondering



if many mothers realize the great and



bleSSed opportunity that comes to them‘in



school days for influencing the lives, and



making lasting impressions upon the



hearts of their children.





As I look back upon my own childhood,

the mornings when I started for school,

and the evening’s return to the dear

shelter of home, stand out with peculiar

vividness. I have only to ctose my eyes

to outer things and I can hear my moth-

er’s loving words of farewell and admon-





A It Pays You in ensn, Convenience and

Permanent Satisfaction to Buy Stoves





. From Your Home Dealer





Stoves are one thing that it pays to buy at home and not send away for, i





as People who have tried both ways now know._ _

t is so much easier to have your home dealer deliver your stove and set it up for





you than to go to the trouble of doing it yourself. And when you





   

 

   





 





ition, as I set out for school in the sweet

summer mornings, and can see her dear

face light up with a smile of welcome

when we came home at night.





Mothers are busy people and the morn-

ing hours, especially on the farm, are

filled to overflowing, and with the added

tasks of filling the lunch boxes and mak-

ing the children tidy there is surely scant

time for sentiment, but mothers, let us

learn to put first things first, at any cost.

And I adjure you not to send your little

ones from you with frowns and unkind

words. Rather let them carry each morn-

ing to their day’s work in school the

memory of mother’s loving tones in coun-

cil and farewell. and the sweet assurance

that her loving thought will follow them

through the day.



And then at night. when the noisy little

troop return to you. is your golden op—

portunity for writing ineffacable lessons

upon the tablet of your children‘s hearts;

lessons that they wil’ read from mem-

ory’s page long after your voice is still;

lessons that will endear their childhood’s

home to them in such a way that its

memory will be to them a tower of

strength in the temptations that will

Surely come with mature years.

Children, like plants, thrin best in the

sunshine.





all day, and the average child is eager





to be at home again when school is out: 1‘





but the day has been a. trying one for

mother, your hands and feet are weary,

your heart is burdened with thoughts of

unfinished tasks, and I fear that some-

times when the little homecomers rush





buy a sto





ve from your home dealer you are sure of permanent

satisfaction. It is always easier to talk to a man you

know than to write to somebody you don’t know, in

case some trouble should come up regarding your





   





 





They have been away from you ,





De Luxe Series





breezily in they are made to feel and are 5





told by her who loves them best, that

their presence is not an unmixed joy, and

that they are intruders in their_ own

home. But weary mother, forbear! Do

not dampen your child’s eager joy in his

homecoming. It may cost you some ef-

fort, but it will repay you well in future

years, to greet them with loving smiles

and words of welcome, to assure them

once more of your joy in having them at

home. (For you really do feel thus, only

you are tired and burdened).





When the

their hearts are especially





children come from school

susceptible to





the influences of the home, and each

night a new opportunity is given you,

mothers, to forge with stronger links





the chain that binds their hearts to you,

and to their childhood home.





Schooldays will soon be over. All too

soon, since the dear children drift away

front you out into the busy world. Moth-





ers, do not slight or neglect your blessed

opportunity; and, too, new is the besr.

time to Win their confidence and gain a





knowledge of things that perplex and

trouble them, for children have their

troubles.



\\'hi1o they are flushed with joy of





home—coming and of seeing mother after

the day‘s separation, you can perhaps

enter into their heart life, as you cannot

at another time, and you will sorely need

this bond of sympathy, this confidence

when the world begins to attract your

child from you and from his home. Then,

mothers, let us be wise and make the

most of the opportunity that comes with

the school days, to endear home to our

children and to \\ rite lessons of love and

hallowed associations upon their hearts

that time and life’s cares will not be able

to erase.





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.



When making cake if the icing “runs”

as it often does, put in a teaspoon of bak—

ing powder and keep beating until it is

thick again and foams—M. A. P.



Keep lemons in a jar covered with cold





water, which should he changed every

week, and they Will not dry 0ut.~—M [

A. P.





For burns from whitewash apply vine-

gar at once—J. P. H.





 

 





Garland Coot-Iron Range





 





Art Garland Base_Burner





Detroit





 





range or stove.

wear tlzree ordinary stoves.





three of the commonplace kind.





Disadvantages of

Buying Stoves

Away from Home





A stove you send away.

for never comes set

up. You must go to





l l

The

the depot for it. You





must load it at the depot, unload it at home,

uncrate it, put it together, fuss with a lot of stovepipe,

set it up, black it and assume the whole responsibility

of the job. Compare this with ordering a stove from

your dealer. Don’t buy stoves sight unseen. You pay

excess freight, too. Your order may be delayed. You

get no better terms than your home dealer will give you.





The World-Famous Garland Line





Don’t buy a stove or range of any kmd until

you have seen the great Garland Line. Over4,000.000

'Garlands" are now in use—more than any other kind.

They have been on the market for more than 40 years.

They are guaranteed by the maker and guaranteed by

the dealer in your town who sells them. Be sure to see

the Garland Linebefore you buy. It won't cost you a cent

to look. We ask you to compare these excellent stoves.

quality for quality and price for price, with any you





The Michigan Stove Company





Largest Makers of Stoves. Ranges,

Gas Ranges and Furnaces





, a





One of your home dealers sell: stoves which out-

It is really much less





expensive to buy one good stove than to have to buy





Cheap Stoves an Extravagance

Curious as it seems, the stove that you pay the





least money for is very apt to be the most expensive. Pretty pictures. alluring descriptions and loud claim;

can’t make up for poor material: and careless workmansth. Remember that!





Garland Stoves and Ranges





 





 





World’s Best’.’





have ever before seen. It will save you Money.

Trouble and Future Disappointment it you do it.





8 Stove Books Free





Our busmess is so great that we publish

eight different books on stoves. You can have one of

them, oral! of them ifyou wish,free. They coverthese

subjects: Steel Ranges—Cast Ranges—Cook Stoves

—-Base Burners—Heaters—Gas Ranges-Furnaces

—“The Only Safe Way to Buy Stoves and Ranges."



Please let us know which Book or Books you

want or tell us what style of stove or range you ex-

pect to buy. We want to send you some of these

fine Books tre”... We will also write you the name of

our dealer in your town. i



Cold weather will be here beforelong, so it would

be well to write today, so as to go into this stove

proposition thoroughly befbre spending any money.



Write us today. Be sure to state what kind of

Stove or Stoves you are most interested in.





 





Chicago





 





 





 





   





   





//////./////// //

/’¢’.¢’/,/,





\\

\.\\\\\





«no





\





\





\\





Doubles the value of feed—fatten: pig‘s—keeps

all stock sleek and well. Strong. simple, quick

ever—lasting—I strong cost iron calcium kettle and seamless





- .heetsteel

fl





eating and





incket.





\\\\\





\

‘\





\\\





Oct This Handy 40-Pogo Book Free. We will

mail you a 40 p. I9l2 Alumnae full of valuable and handy information.

topther with our catalog of 7 size. F Cookers ondT-mk Heoten.

post paid on request. Write today.



Heeson Bros. 6 Co. 80:65 Tecumseh. Mich.





DON’T PAY TWO PRICES-





Savo $18.00 to $22.00 on





HOOSIER





 





/ /

r ’ o ', /

/

4'7 Aoyfe'fl/ yo WM" '4





I

1/ 1H

tail“. 99’





f/ . , /





/

TEACH your dollars to give you their utmost.





tre of America, Where you will get. more for

than ever before.

found in our big free 636 page Catalog-

Our new policy





need for man, Woman or child.





transportation as well as in the cost. \Vrite for





/9 T4". ~.





//////////// ///////

/ // 4,

//





where the return to you will be greatest—where the

quality of the merchandise is highest and the prices lchst.

Send them to MACY’S, in NEW YORK, the merchandise cen-





The key to the bank of economy will be

Send for it to-day

and learn of our wonderfully low prices on every possible





delivery charges on thousands of articles saves you money in





Send them





TAT _ :’

lawns





lllE SAME [ON‘PRICES- 'e ,- '

a..u.....i.n..,..i. m...-

.N..Y...:.....e.. ,....

...,....J..my,.6.u..i..r





' ‘ in nu FASHION PLATE ,

but alto-"Lo J Col-lea:

aka-Ab swath-6‘31 ‘- 0





your money





§

§

e‘.

s

e

y

t





n





of prepaying





the big Cat-





\\\\\\\\‘\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\





\





if fifMAcvaz 836:8 name“... Nazis;





 





xymmzz/





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





Next Shipment of F urs—





and see what a difference there will be in be cash you will re-





ceive for your trapping.





I Have No Padded Price Lists—but I Grade Honestly





Grade and Value Your Own Furs—if I can not pay your price or more,

I W111 return them f0 you, express prepaid. You have probably had

some experience With firms‘making glon’ous promises of big prices

only to disappomt you by ‘sharp” grading. '





ie My Shipping Tag to Your





 

 

 

 





straightforward treatment of my shippers.

ing to less than $10.00.





full information, latest prices and valuable advice.





 





Milton M. Sloman, Men. M. SLOMAN & (20.,





26 years of honest dealing and thousands of testimonials from trappers testify as to





I pay express charges on all shipments over $10,





and remittances are forwarded same day furs are received. I do not solicit shipments amount:

. ' Any shipment of furs held separate for your approval if you request it.

I Will telegraph valuation upon consignments amounting to $100.00 or upwards.





. . Write to-day for

I Will give you my personal attention. Address:

I31 Congress Sh. Wool. DETROIT. HIGH.

")3 Church Street. TORONTO. ONT.

;—





 





 





 





AXES and burns its own gas. Pro-

duces 100 candle power light—-

brighter than electricity or acetylene

-—cheaper than kerosene. No dirt.





THE BEST LIGHT CO.

280 E. 5th Stu Canton. Ohio





WANTED!





Farmers! wives or daughters to buy Beans for us

from their nei hbors. A practical and rofitable Bean

Proposition. 0 refer you to any Banki'5 rite us today.





MA TEA COM ANY

LIMA, OHIO.





 





PRINTING—For Poultry men. Live Stock Breed-.

era and General Work. Write for

terms. 0. N. MENDELS & SON" Gd. Rapids. Mich.





 

 





 





I DAYS FREE TRIAL BEFORE YOU

, BUY. Our new improvements abso-

. : _-_ _ lutelyssltgiiplz’isslasgt'lhirli‘gevg prgduced.

. T DA FOR

' 3°03“? 3‘00! our: man CATALOG um PRICES.

I noosmu s'rovn Moron! 130 sure so. III-ion. Ind.





LET US TAN 9

YOUR HIDE.





Cattle or Horse‘hide. Calf, Dog, Deer,

or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We make them soft, light, odorless,





   





 





 





 





wind, moth and water proof, and make

'them into coats (for men or women)

robes, rugs or gloves when so ordered.





Your fur goods will cost; you less than

to buy them, and be worth more. Send

three or more cow or horse hides in one

Shipment. from anywhere east- of Don-

ver and we pay the freight both ways.



Get our illustrated catalog which '

gives prices of tanning, taxidermy and ,

head mounting. Also prices of fur

goods. and big mounted game heads

we sell.





The Crosby Frisian Fur Company,

571 lyell Ave., Rochester. N. Y.





 





 





$ 3 3 -30 A W E E K

Jack Wood did iti He writes—“Hur-

ry up 100 more—sold firstlot in 2 days—

best seller I ever saw." Hundreds of

agents coining money—$5.60worth of tools

for the price of one. Drop forged from

finest steel. Astonishing low price to _

agents—1,200 ordered by one man. Write '

at once. Don’t dela . Experience nn- .

necessarv. Sample roe towel-ken.

THOMAS MFG. COMPANY

845 Barney St. DAYTON. OHIO
ll ill ,

llllll '





.45... I





ll"





i

For Ilin'fly l'lenIGYounéllen

CLOTIICRAFT

Cloth are.





l





all





luulnunnuuunuuuunnu





 





YOU men'who pay from

$10 to $25 for a suit or

overcoat can get guaranteed

service if you buy Clothcraft

Clothes-—





The One Guaranteed All-Wool Line

at Medium Prices: $10 to $25





This Clothcraft service is a

good thing for you to know

about. Before you pay a cent,

it makes you as sure of lasting

satisfaction as you are of the

correct style and unusual per-

fection of fit that you can see for

yourself.





These advantages are assured by Clothcraft

Scientific Tailoring—the result of sixty-one

years devoted solely to making good clothes at

medium prices. It is the only means through

which we have been able to improve the quality

while cutting down the cost.



The one way to be sure of all-wool clothes

at $10 to $25 is to buy Clothcraft Clothes—and

to buy early, while assortments are good.





Go to the Nearest Clothcraft Store



Ask particularly to see the Clothcraft Blue

Serge Special, No. 4130. at $18.50; and be sure

to try on several Ciothcraft coats and over-

coats. so you can see how well they fit. Notice

the close-fitting collar, the shapely shoulders.

and the full, smooth ooa‘t-imnt.



If you don't know a Clothcraft Store, write

us today. We'll promptly send you the Cloth-

craft Style-Book for fall and winter, with the

name of the nearest dealer.





THE JOSEPH & FEISS C0.

Founded 1850—01dtrt American

(lining





Manufacturer: of Mm’: Clothe:

DIDN’T BUY TWO ENGINES





623 St. Clair Avenue. N. W.

to get one you can use. Investigate





macaw? AIR GUULED





The Oviinder and piston must be enclosed to]

do the best work. The open crank case lets a]

' he dirt in and ruins the cylinder. BUY AN

ENGINE TO LAST A LIFETIME. BE FREE

FROM TROUBLES THAT MEAN REPAIRS.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





All Cal'l

um freeze

, adored

No pm



But

i. . Get our

no 1 “W

‘ oi in} No. C

'hwmm' , A...



an... man. “A. street



WANTED —mfarno:t.o olp mfi‘d :1“





3‘3].- basins-in did In! breed of Ho-

ve moatmr ”1311:, m:

. condition hand of In"





scuttle. W

at luv—dun later Kathi .

fltflfign." one Michigan Farmer, st‘i’i.





 





 





 





'o





. THE MICHIGAN FARMER‘. -





. (Continued from page 340).

Foreign.





The famous picture, Mona Lisa, has

been found in a little town east of Paris.



American troops are arriving in Pekin,

China, from ‘Manila, to protect the Amer-

ican legation at the Chinese capital.



Indian rebels are reported to be in com-

plete control of the State of Chiapas, Mex-

ico. and are threatening to invade neigh-

boring states. Indian officials have been

installed in all offices, the Mexican in-

cumbents having been deposed.



General Malvar, who was chief com-

mander under Aguinaldo during the Phil-

ippine rebellion, died at Manila last Fri-

day. Since the war he had become friend—

ly to America.



A formal declaration has been issued

by Commander-in-Chief Li, of Kankow,

China, informing foreign consuls of the

establishment of a defacto government in

southern China. The declaration states

that all existing treaties will be respected

and that the defactor government will

assume responsibility for the safety of

the lives of property and foreigners. This

is the most recent result of the efforts of

the natives of southern China. to revolt

against the old government and form a

republic. The movement appears to be

general over the southern part of China

and extends well Into the center of the

country. Disorders prevail in many places

and the imperial government seems too

weak to combat the situation. Yuan Shi

Kai, who was recently appointed Viceroy

of Hu-peh and Hunan Provinces, has de—

clined to accept the appointment unless

certain reforms are guaranteed by the

federal government, as Well as the en—

forcement of the constitutional measures

such as are demanded by the insurgents.

The contention of the insurgents is that

they are not taking a stand against the

government, but that the present national

officials have not abided by the conditions

of the constitution granted by the late

Emperor. The government has taken

charge of the telegraph wires and is us-

ing railroads for the transportation of

troops to the seat of trouble. It appears

that the activity of the insurgents is

forcing a crisis upon the ancient govern-

ment. the end of which is likely to be a

general change in the political status of

the Orient.



The situation between Turkey and Italy

has not changed to any great oximt. ac-

cording to reports. The news appears to

show Italy in the better position, and her

forces will likely succeed in gaining the

desired ends. Italian colonies lili‘illed in

Turkish territory are being harshly treat-

ed at the hands of troops and citizens.

Reports are being closely watched and

full details of movements are not allowed

to get beyond the confines of the two

countries when possible to prevent.



Spanish forces have been engaging the

tribesmen in Morocco. After ten hours

of fighting the natives were driven from

their stronghold in the Kerr River region.



A papal bull will shortly be issued, re-

organizing the Catholic Church of Eng-

land, considerably reducing the dignity of

the See at Westminster.





FARMERS’ NATIONAL CONGRESS.





The Farmers' National Congress met

at Columbus, 0., Oct. 12-16. A welcome

was extended by Governor Harmon in an

address at the opening session. He said

that farmers derive less individual bene-

fits than men in other professions. Dr.

\V. 0. Thompson made one of his charac-

teristic addresses and evoked great ap-

plause. He sympathized with farmers

for the comparatively small share of the

consumer's dollar that reaches them, de-

claring that the problem of the high cost

of living is not founded on the price the

farmer gets, and branding as misleading

the cartoons and newspaper articles

showing the farmers rolling in wealth.





This was the 3lst annual meeting of the

congress. The delegates are appointed

by the governors of the various states

but they attend the meeting at their own

expense. Ohio had by far the largest rep-

resentation. The purpose of the congress

is to discuss matters of economic import-

ance to farmers and pass resolutions. In

past years these resolutions have not been

placed in printed form, but at the late

session a popular subscription by the

delegates made the printing of the resolu-

tions possible. This is important, as reso—

lutions do no good unless they can be

placed before members of the congress of

the United States and other official bodies

in some compact form for reference.



In his address President Joshua Strange

left the impression that President Taft

had broken his word with farmers in

calling a special session of congress to

pass the Canadian reciprocity pact. He

was cheered when he referred to the pact

as a "dead issue." He praised Dr. H. W.

W'iley, government chemist, and declared

that the most important conservation is-

sue was that which would maintain up-

right manhood and womanhood.



The leading demands of the Farmers’

Congress were for parcels post. good

roads and the improvement of inland wat-

erways. The resolutions passed were as

follows, in brief: Favoring the early

enactment of general. parcels post; favor-

ing federal aid for improved highways;

favoring immigration restrictions: urging

the speedy passage of the Page educa-

tional bill to aid and encourage the teach-

ing of agriculture in the rural schools;

favoring a fair and equal tariff protection

of all industries needing it, but opposing

any tariff discrimination against the inter—

ests of the farmers: favoring the direct

election of United States Senators: favor-

ing the enactment and rigid enforcement

of a federal pure seed law, which will also

prohibit the free seed distribution by

members of congress; favoring legislation

that will restrict undesirable legislation:

expressing implicit confidence in Dr. H.

\V. Wiley and his honest purpose in en-

forcing the federal pure food laws; urg—

ing the rights of states to regulate com-





 





merce within their boundaries; real pro-





hibition of the liquor tariff in dry terri-





tory.



Special attention was paid to the rec-

iprocity pact with Canada, approved by

the congress of the United States but re-

pudiated by the voters of Canada, in the

following words: “We will never submit

to Selling on a. free trade market and buy-

ing on a protected market. We approve

the action of the executive committee

in going on record ofllcially through our

legislative agent against the passage of

congress of the so-called Canadian pact

in the form in which it was introduced."



Addresses were delivered by the follow-

ing men: Willet M. Hays, assistant Sec-

retary of Agriculture, “Possibilities of

Advancement in American Agriculture;"

W. M. Bates, former commissioner of

navigation, sent a paper on “American

Marine for American Commerce,” which

was read by Secretary Sandles. This ad-

dress was discussed by Hon. Lewis Nixon,

of New York City. Prof. Alfred Vivian,

of the Ohio StateUniversity, spoke on

“To what extent have agricultural col-

leges improved agriculture?" Dudley

Grant Hays ekplained the plan of the Na.-

lional Soil Fertility Society to have $011

chemists, supported by the state and fed-

eral government who should assist farm-

ers in putting into practice the best meth-

ods of maintaining soil fertility. Secre-

tary Jesse Taylor, of the Ohio Good

Roads Federation and C. A. Kenion of In-

diana, talked “Good Roads." Jas. L.

Cowles, secretary of the Postal Progress

League was present and presented his

usual unanswerable arguments for parcels

post and other postal reforms.



The following officers were elected:

President, George M. \Vhittaker, \Vash-

ingion, D. 0.; first vice-president, C. F.

Sunborn, London, 0.; second vice-prem-

dcnt, Col. H. R. Kirby, of New York;

secretary, O. D. Hill, of \Vest Virginia;

treasurer, W. L. Ames, of \Visconsin.





 





 





MICHIGAN FAIRS.





The Three Rivers Fair.



The Three Rivers’ Fair Association

held a successful show from October 3

1o 0', inclusive, notwithstanding the un—

favorable weather conditions. On Tues-

day, the first day of the fair, rain pre—

vented exhibitors from getting their ex-

hibits in place. The weather was again

lhi'eatening on Wednesday but the morn-

ing gave opportunity for the placing of

exhibits. and by noon there was a fine

shew of everything that goes to make up

a successful fair. Thursday was the firs:

"fair" day. although the third day of the

fair, and by noon there were 6,000 people

on the grounds. Friday was to have been

the last day of the fair, but as it again

rained nearly all day the program was

carried over until Saturday in order that

the races might be finished. The show

of live stock was not as large as usual

but the entries were of good quality. Had

the weather been more favorable, the fair

would have been one of the most success-

ful of the season. '





Northern Michigan State Fair.





The Northern Michigan State Fair, held

at Escanaba, September 27-30, inclusive,

was a successful event considering the

cold‘stormy weather, which necessitated

extending the date of closing to Septem—

ber 30, and considering that it was the

first fair held under the auspices of the

Delta County Agricultural Society. The

exhibits were housed under large tents

provided for the purpose and were gotten

in place the first day. The quality of the

exhibits is illustrated by the praise ac-

corded io the apple display by an Oregon

man who was present. The vegetable

display was also exceptionally fine as to

quantity and quality, one exhibitor hav—

ing over 40 entries. The display of Dent

corn of many varieties was visible proof

that the upper peninsula can grow

corn as well as fruit and vegetables.

amusements were of a high class with no

fakirs or gambling devices on the grounds.

The weather was threatening and rainy

on \Vedncslluy afternoon and Thursday,

on which account the management did

not close the fair until Saturday. The

show provod an insipration for the boost-

ing of lleltu county agriculture, and the

first Northern Michigan State Fair was

generally com-eded to be the best event

of the kind chr held in the upper pe-

ninsula. 1A. 1,4

ninsula.—M. S. G.



BOOK NOTICES.



“The Harvester," by the well-known

author, (lone Sirallon Porter, is deserv-

ing.of the sumo popular approval which

has been accorded her other works. It

exhibits the same broad knowledge of na-

ture which cluiracll-rixcs all her writings.

The plot, which is laid in the country in

a spot which abounds in the wild beauty

of nature, is strenglhcncd by the in-

troduction of strong characters whose

lives as depicted exemplify the better ele—

ment of humanity and makes the work

one which the man or woman, boy or

girl, will be the better for reading. The

reader’s interest is maintained through-

out, from the opening to the closing chap-

ters, and many wholesome and valuable

lessons are presented in a most enter—

taining and charming manner. Published

by Doubleday, Page & Co., New York.



Government in the United States—Na-

tional, State, and Local. By James W.

Garner, Professor of Political Sciende in

the I'niversity of Illinois. The author’s

aim in the preparation of this book has

been to present in an elementary way

the leading facts concerning the organi-

zation and activities of national, state,

and local government in the United

States. Cloth, l2mo, 16 pages. Price,

$1.00. American Book Company, Chic go.



Shakespeare’s erchant of V ice

Edited by Gilbert Sykes Blakely, De art-

ment of English, Morris High School, New

York City. 112 pages. Price, c.



George Eliot’s Silas Marner. Edited by

May McKitrick, Head of Department of

English, Cleveland Technical High School.

220 pages. Price, 20c. ’





 





 





 





 





Loading carriers with asphalt at Trinidad Lake





Co to the bottom of the

roofing question—if you

want to save money on your

roof.



Don’t be caught by mere

looks and mysterious terms.

Find out what the roofing is

made of.



And the time to find out is

before you buy——it is often

costly to find out afterward.





Genas co





the Tnnidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing





is made of natural asphalt.



The difference between natural as-

phalt and manufactured or artificial

“aSpha1ts" is great. Natural Trinidad

Lake asphalt contains natural oils which



ive it lasting life. They are sealed in



enasco and stay there to defend it per-

manently against rain, sun, wind, heat,

an c 1d.



Artificial asphalts are residual rod--

ucts. Same way with coal tar. ' hey

are mixed with oils which makes them

pliable for a while, but the oils evapo-

rate quickly when exposed to sun and

air; they leave the roofing lifeless, and

it cracks and leaks.



When you get Genasco you can be

sure of roofing that lasts. And roofing

that lasts is the only kind worth having.



The Kantrle-k Kleet is the lasting waterproof

fastening for seams—prevents nail-leaks. and

does away with unsightly cement.



Ask your dealer for either Genasco mineral

or smooth surface roofings with Kant-leak Kleets





packed in the roll. Fully guaranteed. Write

for the Good Roof Guide Book and samples.





The Barber Asphalt

Paving Company





largot noon of "pin-It. and larva.

manufacturers of renal: Mag In the vurhl.





Philadelphia





New York San Francisco





Crone-section Gonmo Model Roofing



. . ,3;,,~_~~,:51 Crushed Quartz



~ Trinidad Lake Asphalt

Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt

Trinidad Lake It



: Asphalt-saturated uriap '

Trinidad Luke Asohall





:Take-‘i‘Your Choice





of these





 





Chicago





 





 





’ ‘i‘





 





 





 





 





 





32 SpecialiBooks





Let us' show you free of all cost or obligation

' exactly how you can save money on everything

- you buy to eat or wear or use in any way.



Here are a number of the special books we

. In the entire list there may be but one

1 or two or three that will interest you at this





issue.





‘ time. But by all means gel: that book or books

in which you are interested.



You owe it to yourself, to your family to at



least investigate this big opportunity for saving.





Check Over the List Now -





 





1 Paints 1'! Baby Carriage:



2 Pianos 18 Men’s Fur Coats



8 Organ: 19 Bevin Machines



4 Trunks 20 00.501 0 Engines



0 Roofing 21 Cream Be orator-



. Vehicles 21 building orb!



'1 Furniture 23 iltovu and Ranges



! Incubators 24 Underwear Samples



9 Wall PA or 26 Automobile Supplies .



10 Typewr tern 26 Bicycles—Motorcycles ‘

11 Groco List 21 Baby‘IDreuondl'ollot



12 Peed Cookers 28 Women'l'railorod Suits



1| Tank Eastern 30 Women's tuition Book



1!. Wire Fencing 31 Raucous—luck”:



1|! Carpets, Rugs 33 Men's Clothing





34 Women's run





16 Building Plans

, Each of these books is nice!



Send TO-DQY- illustrated. The mustn'-

tions are true to life. The doc ptlonl are oblo-

lutely accurate. and behind every article there in an

unconditional guarantee of satisfaction or money

refunded. The titles of these various books tell you

the nature of the contents. Pick out the book or

books that interest you. write their number in the

coupon below and mail to us .





Sign and Mail Coupon NOW!

"' nopTT'co'fimTanoTcT





19m and Campbell Street: Chicago Avenue Bridge

KANSAS CITY CHICAGO





 





Please send to in; cadre- below boob Noam"...

‘absolutely free 0 cost.



Name . ..... ...............................................

.Pou Office"... ......... ......





:a-to cccccc o ....... . ........ .





State

Send coupon to the address nearest you





ouaun-nulu





 





Clover Seed Wants “'{ffxi'é’l‘i





d l,. st-tc unnt.tv and we will oiler.

iveé‘pa‘la'él'él‘gm. “A. .HOFFMAN.Bami’ord,l’a.





\
_ f -- u.‘.»‘.‘..;:—.;..';£._v.fl-'d1





- .4 ash. .193:





348 (20)





THE MOTH ER’S OPPORTUNITY.





BY A. W. S.





As I sit on the porch this bright au-

tumn morning and watch the merry

youngsters go trooping by to school with

books and dinner pails I fall to wondering

if many mothers realize the great and

blessed opportunity that comes to them in

school days for influencing the lives, and

making lasting impressions upon the

hearts of their children.





As I look back upon my own childhood,

the mornings when I started for school,

and the evening’s return to the dear

shelter of home, stand out with peculiar

vividness. I have only to Close my eyes

to outer things and I can hear my moth-

er’s loving words of farewell and admon-

ition, as I set out for school in the sweet

summer mornings, and can see her dear

face light up with a smile of welcome

when we came home at night.





Mothers are busy people and the morn-

ing hours, especially on the farm, are

filled to overflowing, and with the added

tasks of filling the lunch boxes and mak-

ing the children tidy there is surely scant

time for sentiment, but mothers, let us

learn to put first things first, at any cost.

And I adjure you not to send your little

ones from you with frowns and unkind

Words. Rather let them carry each morn-

ing to their day’s work in school the

memory of mother's loving tones in coun-

cil and farewell, and the sweet assurance

that her loving thought will follow them

through the day.



And then at night, when the noisy little

troop return to you, is your golden op—

portunity for writing ineffaeahle lessons

upon the tablet of your children‘s hearts;

lessons that they will read from mem-

ory's page long after your voice is still;





, lessons that will endear their Childhood‘s





in such a way that its

memory will be to them a tower of

strength in the temptations that will

Surely come with mature years.





home to them





Children, like plants, thrive best in the

sunshine. They have been away from you

all day, and the average child is eager

to be at home again when school is out;





 

 





THE MICHIGAN FAR-.MER.





 





as people who have tried both ways now know.

t





satisfaction.





range or stove.

Wear three ordinary stoves.





expensive to buy one good stove than to have

three of the commonplace kind.





can’t make up for poor material: and careless workmanship.





' Garland Cast-Iron Range





Disadvantages of

Buying Stoves

Away from Home





A stove you send away,

for never comes set

up. You must go to

the depot for it. You

must load it at the depot, unload it at home,

uncrate it. put it together, fuss with a lot of stovepipe,

set it up, black it and assume the whole responsibility

of the job. Compare this with ordering a stove from

your dealer. Don’t buy stoves sight unseen. You pay

excess freight, too. Your order may be delayed. You

get no better terms than your home dealer will give you.





The World-Famous Garland Line I





Don’t buy a stove or range of any kzna' until

you have seen the great Garland Line. Over4.000,000

'Garlands" are now in use-more than any other kind.

They have been on the market for more than 40 years.

They are guaranteed by the maker and guaranteed by

the (dealer infiougtpwn whobsellslthem.’t Be sure to re:



the arland ne e ore you uy. twon costyou acen



A“ Gfigfliggfiigg’mer to look. We ask you to compare theseexcellent stoves.

quality for aualz'ly and price for price, With any you





 





 





but the day has been a. trying one for

mother, your hands and feet are weary,

your heart is burdened with thoughts of

unfinished tasks, and I fear that some—

times when the little homecomers rush

breezily in they are made to feel and are

told by her who loves them best, that

their presence is not an unmixed joy, and

that they are intruders in their own

home. But weary mother, forbear! Do

not dampen your child’s eager joy in his

homecoming. It may cost you some ef-

fort, but it will repay you well in future

years, to greet them with loving smiles

and Words of welcome, to assure them

once more of your joy in having them at

home. (For you really do feel thus, only

you are tired and burdened).





When the children come from school

their hearts are especially susceptible to

the influences of the home, and each

night a new opportunity is given you,

mothers, to forge with stronger links

the chain that binds their hearts to you,

and to their childhood home.





Schooldays will soon be over. All too

soon, since the dear children drift away

from you out into the busy world. Moth-

ers, do not slight or neglect your blessed

opportunity; and, too, now is the besx

time to win their confidence and gain a

knowledge of things that peiaplex and





trouble them, for children have their

troubles.

\\'hile they are flushed with joy of





home—coming and of seeing mother after

the day’s separation, you can perhaps

enter into their heart life, as you cannot

at another time, and you will sorely need

this bond of sympathy, this confidence

when the world begins to attract your

child from you and from his home. Then,

mothers, let us be wise and make the

most of the opportunity that comes With

the school days, to endear home to our

children and to \\ rite lessons of love and

hallowed associations upon their hearts

that time and life’s cares will not be able

to erase.





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.



When making cake if the icing “runs”

as it often does, put in a teaspoon of bak—

ing powder and keep beating until it is

thick again and foams—M. A. P.



Keep lemons in a jar covered with cold

water, which should be changed every

week, and they Will not dry out.—M ‘

A. P.



For burns from whitewash apply vine-

gar at once—J. P. H.





 





Stoves are one thing that it pays to buy at home and not send away for, l





is so much easier to have your home dealer deliver your stove and set it up for

you than to go to the trouble of doing it yourself. And when you

buy a stove from your home dealer you are sure of permanent

It is always easier to talk to a man you

know than to write to somebody you don’t know, in

case some trouble should come up regarding your





One of your home dealers sell: stoves which out-

It is really much less





Cheap Stoves an Extravagance





Curious as it seems, the stove that you pay the

least money for is very apt to be the most expensive. Pretty pictures, alluring description: and loud claim:





Garland Stoves and Ranges





“The World’s Best’.’





 





have ever before seen.

Trouble and Future Disappointment if you do it.





8 Stove Books Free





Our business is so great that we publish

eight different books on stoves. You can have one of

them,orallofthem ifyou wish,free. They coverthese

subjects: Steel Ranges—Cast Ranges—Cook Stoves

—Base Burners—Heaters—Gas Ranges—Furnaces

—"The Only Safe Way to Buy Stoves and Ranges."



Please let us know which Book or Books you

want or tell us what style of stove or range you ex~

pect to buy. We want to send you some of these

fine Books frez.

our dealer in your town. i



Cold weather will be here beforelong. so it would

be well to write today, so as to go into this stove

proposition thoroughly before spending any money.



Write us today. Be sure to Sta re what kind of

Stove or Stoves you are most interested in.





 





OCT. 21, 1911.





It Pays You in GASH, Convenieoo and ‘1

Permanent Satisfaction to Buy ”Stoves

. From Your Home“ Dealer





\\





   

 

 

 





to buy





 





Remember that!





It will save you Money.





 





We will also write you the name of





The Michigan Stove Company





Largest Makers of Stoves. Ranges,

Gas Ranges and Furnaces





Detroit





- .





 





Chicago (,5, , ;





 





Doubles ,the value of leech—fatten: pigs—keeps

all stock sleek and well. Strong, simple, quick heating and

ever-lasting—a strong cast iron caldron kettle and seamless





.heei noel iacket.

#





r ,////////////// // war/r //////// --

EACH your dollars to give you their utmost. Send them





‘16/ me.



where the return to you will be greatest—where the

quality of the merchandise is highest and the prices lchet.

Send them to MACY’S, in NEW YORK, themerchandise cen-

tre of America, where you will get more for your money

than ever before. The key to the bank of economy will be

found in our big free 636 page Catalog. Send for it to-day

and learn of our wonderfully low prices on every possible

need for man, woman or child. Our new policy of prepaying

delivery charges on thousands of articles saves you money in

transportation as well as in the cost. \Vrite for the big Cat-

alog to-day and it will be sent tree and postpaid by return mail.





/ R. H. MACY & 00., 383,323,: New York





ie My Shipping Tag to Your

Next Shipment of F urs—





and see what a difference there will be in be cash you will re-

ceive for your trapping.





I Have No Padded Price Lists—but l Grade Honestly





Grade and Value Your Own F urs—if I can not pay your price or more,

I Will return them _to you, express prepaid. You have probably had

some experience With firmsl‘making glorious promises of big prices

only to disappomt you by sharp” grading. ‘

26_ years of honest dealing and _thousands of testimonials from trappers testify as to

Straightforward treatment of my shippers. I pay express charges on all shipments over $10

and remittances are forwarded same day furs are received. I do not solicit shipments amount:

ing to less than $10.00. Any shipment of furs held separate for your approval if you request it.

I Will telegraph valuation upon consignments amounting to $100.00 or upwards. Write today for

full information. latest prices and valuable advxce. I will give you my personal attention. Address:





Mum“ M. 510mm, Men. M. SLOMAN & C0” '3' Congress s'IIWOCI.DETR°lT. men.





'08 Church Slrool, TORONTO, ONT.

‘-

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Farmers! wives or daughters to buy Beans for us

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together with our catalog of 7 size- ol F

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we so .





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$33-30 A WEEK '





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Sal I ii :- Kathi ry.

Address-filiflchfgan." care Michigan Farmer, Detroit.





. (Continued from page 340). ,

' Foreign.





The famous: picture, Mona Lisa, has

been found in a little town east of Paris.



American troops are arriving in Pekin,

China, from Manila, to protect the Amer—

ican legation at the Chinese capital.



Indian rebels are reported to be in com-

plete control of the State of Chiapas, Mex-

ico, and are threatening to invade neigh—

boring states. Indian oflicials have been

installed in all offices, the Mexican in-

cumbents having been deposed.



General Malvar, .who was chief com-

mander under Aguinaldo during the Phil-

ippine rebellion, died at Manila last Fri-

day. Since the war he had become friend-

ly to America.



A formal declaration has been issued

by Commander-in-Chief Li, of Kankow,

China, informing foreign consuls of the

establishment of a defacto government in

southern China. The declaration states

that all existing treaties will be respected

and that the defactor government will

assume responsibility for the safety of

the lives of property and foreigners. This

is the most recent result of the efforts of

the natives of southern China to revolt

against the old government and form a

republic. The movement appears to be

general over the southern part of China

and extends well into the center of the

country. Disorders prevail in many places

and the imperial government seems too

weak to combat the situation. Yuan Shi

Kai, who was recently appointed viceroy

of Hu-peh and Hunan Provinces, has de-

clined to accept the appointment unless

certain reforms are guaranteed by the

federal government, as well as the en-

forcement of the constitutional measures

such as are demanded by the insurgents.

The contention of the insurgents is that

they are not taking a stand against the

government, but that the present national

officials have not abided by the conditions

of the constitution granted by the late

Emperor. The government has taken

charge of the telegraph wires and is us;-

ing railroads for the transportation of

troops to the seat of trouble. it appears

that the activity of the insurgents is

forcing a crisis upon the ancieni govern-

ment, the end of which is likely to be a

general change in the political status of

the Orient.



The situation between Turkey and Italy





has not changed to any great CNN-m, ac—

cording to reports. The news uppvars to

show Italy in the better position, and her





forces will likely succeed in gaining the

desired ends. Italian colonies lili'lllCd in

Turkish territory are being harshly treat-

ed at the hands of troops and citizens.

Reports are being closely watched and

full details of movements are not allowed

to get beyond the confines of the two

countries when possible to prevent.

Spanish forces have been engaging the

tribesmen in Morocco. After ten hours

of fighting the natives were driven from

their stronghold in the Kert River region.

A papal bull will shortly be issued, re-

organizing the Catholic Church of Eng-

land, considerably reducing the dignity of

the See at Westminster.





FARMERS’ NATIONAL CONGRESS.





The Farmers’ National Congress met

at Columbus. 0., Oct. 12-16. A welcome

was extended by Governor Harmon in an

address at the opening session. He said

that farmers derive less individual bene-

fits than men in other professions. Dr.

\V. 0. Thompson made one of his charac-

teristic addresses and evoked great ap—

plause. He sympathized with farmers

for the comparatively small share of the

consumer’s dollar that reaches them, de-

claring that the problem of the high cost

of living is not founded on the price the

farmer gets, and branding as misleading

the cartoons and newspaper articles

showing the farmers rolling in wealth.





This was the 31st annual meeting of the

congreSS. The delegates are appointed

by the governors of the various states

but they attend the meeting at their own

expense. Ohio had by far the largest rep-

resentation. The purpose of the congress

is to discuss matters of economic import-

ance to farmers and pass resolutions. In

past years these resolutions have not been

placed in printed form, but at the late

session a papular subscription by the

delegates made the printing of the resolu-

tions possible. This is important, as reso-

lutions do no good unless they can be

placed before members of the congress of

the United States and other official bodies

in some compact form for reference.



In his address President Joshua Strange

left the impression that President Taft

had broken his word with farmers in

calling a special session of congress to

pass the Canadian reciprocity pact.‘ e

was cheered when he referred to the Delhi

as a “dead issue." He praised Dr. H. W.

\Viley, government chemist, and declared

that the most important conservation is-

sue was that which would maintain up-

right manhood and womanhood.



The leading demands of the Farmers‘

Congress were for parcels post, good

roads and the improvement of inland wat-

erways. The resolutions passed were as

follows, in brief: Favoring the early

enactment of general parcels post; favor-

ing federal aid for unproved highways;

favoring immigration restrictions: urging

the speedy passage of the Page educa-

tional bill to aid and encourage the teach-

ing of agriculture in the rural schools;

favoring a fair and equal tariff protection

of all industries needing it, but opposing

any tariff discrimination against the inter-

ests of the farmers: favoring the direct

election of United States Senators: favor-

ing the enactment and rigid enforcement

of a federal pure seed law, which will also

prohibit the free seed distribution by

members of congress; favoring legislation

that will restrict undesirable legislation;

expressing implicit confidence in Dr. H.

W. Wiley and his honest purpose in en-

forcing the federal pure food laws: urg-





 





ing the rights of states to regulate com-

merce within their boundaries; real pro-





 





 





. TEE ’ MICHIGAN FARMER‘.





hibition of the liquor tariff in ‘dryterri-

ory. ‘



Special attention was paid to the rec—

iprocity pact with Canada, approved by

the congress of the United States but re-

pudiated by the voters of Canada, in the

following words: “We will never submit

to selling on a free trade market and buy-

ing on a protected market. We approve

the action of the executive committee

in going on record oflicially through our

legislative agent against the passage of

congress of the so-called Canadian pact

in the form in which it was introduced."



Addresses were delivered by the follow-

ing men: Willet M. Hays, assistant Sec-

retary of Agriculture, “Possibilities of

Advancement in American Agriculture;"

W. M. Bates, former commissioner of

navigation, sent a paper on “American

Marine for American Commerce,” which

was read by Secretary Sandles. This ad-

dress was discussed by Hon. Lewis Nixon,

of New York City. Prof. Alfred Vivian,

of the Ohio State 1’ iversity, spoke on

“To what extent ha e agricultural col-

leges improved agriculture?" Dudley

Grant Hays eXpiained the plan of the Na.-

iional Soil Fertility Society to have sod

chemists, supported by the state and fed-

eral government who should assist farm—

ers in putting into practice the best meth-

ods of maintaining soil fertility. Secre-

tary Jesse Taylor, of the Ohio Good

Roads Federation and C. A. Kenion of In—

diana, talked “Good Roads." Jas. L.

Cowles, secretary of the Postal Progress

League was present and presented his

usual unanswerable arguments for parcels

post and other postal reforms.





The following officers were elected:

President, George M. Whittaker, \Vash-

ingion, D. C.; first vice-president, C. F.





Sunburn, London, 0.; second vice-presi-

dent, Col. H. R. Kirby, of New York;

secretary, O. D. Hill, of West Virginia;

treasurer, W. L. Ames, of \Visconsin.





 





MlCHlGAN FAIRS.





The Three Rivers Fair.



The Three Rivers' Fair Association

held a successful show from October 3

to 6, inclusive, notwithstanding the un-,

favorable weather conditions. On Tues-

day, the first day of the fair, rain pre-

vented exhibitors from getting their ex-

hibits in place. The weather was again

threatening on Vi'edncsday but the morn«

ing gave opportunity for the placing of

exhibits, and by noon there was a fine

show of everything that goes to make up

a successful fair. Thursday was the firsr

"fair" day, although the third day of the

fair, and by noon there were 6,000 people

on the, grounds. Friday was to have been

the last day of the fair, but as it again

rained nearly all day the program was

carried ovor until Saturday in order that

the races might be finished. The show

of live stock was not as large as usual

but the entries were of good quality. Had

the weather been more favorable, the fair

would have been one of the most success-

ful of the season. '





Northern Michigan State Fair.





The Northern Michigan State Fair, held

at Escanaba, September 27-30, inclusive,

was a successful event considering the

cold stormy weather, which necessitated

extending the date of closing to Septem-

ber 30. and considering that it was the

first fair held under the auspices of the

Delta County Agricultural Society. The

exhibits “ere housed under large tents

provided for the purpose and were gotten

in place the first day. The quality of the

exhibits is illustrated by the praise ac-

corded 10 the apple display by an Oregon

man who was present. The vegetable

display was also exceptionally fine as to

quantity and quality, one exhibitor hav-

ing over ~10 entries. The display of Dent





corn of many varieties was visible proof

that the llplvci‘ peninsula can grow good

corn as well as fruit and vegetables. The





amusements wore of a high class with no

fakirs or gambling devices on the grounds.

The weather was threatening and rainy

on \Vcdnesday afternoon and Thursday,

on which account the management did

not close the fair until Saturday. The

Show proved an insipration for the boost-

ing of liclta county agriculture, and the

first Northern Michigan State Fair was

generally conveilcd to be the best event

of the kind chI' held in the upper pe-

ninsula. 14 1,4

ninsula.——M. S. G.





 





BOOK NOTICES.

w the well—known





“The, Ilarvcsicr," by '

is deserv—





author, Gene Stratum l‘orici‘,

ingpf the sump popular approval which

has been accorded her other works. It

exhibits the same broad knowledge of na-

ture which character-m»; all her writings.

The plot, which is laid in the country in

a spot which abounds in the wild beauty

of nature, is strengthened by the in-

troduciion of strong characters whose

lives as depicted exemplify the better ele-

ment of humanity and makes the work

one which the man or woman, boy or

girl, will be the better for reading. The

reader’s interest is maintained through—

out. from the opening to the closing chap—

ters, and many wholesome and valuable

lessons are presented in a most enter-

taining and charming manner. Published

by Doubleday, Page & Co., New York.



Government in the United States——-Na-

tional, State, and Local. By James \V.

Garner, Professor of Political ScienCe in

the Is'nivcrsity of Illinois. The author’s

aim in the preparation of this book has

been to present in an elementary way

the leading facts concerning the organi-

zation and activities of national, state.

and local government in the United

States. Cloth, 12mo, 416 pages. Price,

$1.00. American Book Company, Chicago.



Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice

Edited by Gilbert Sykes Blakely, Depart-

ment of English, Morris High School, New

York City. 112 pages. Price, 20c.



George Eliot’s Silas Marner. Edited by

May McKitrick. Head of Department of

English, Cleveland Technical High School.

220 pages. Price, 20c.





 





 





 





 





Loading carriers with asphalt at Trinidad Lake



Co to the bottom of the

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Genas co

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Artificial asphalts are residual rod“

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air; they leave the roofing lifeless, and

it cracks and leaks.



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sure of roofing that lasts. And roofing

that lasts is the only kind worth having.



The Kant-leak Kleet is the lasting waterproof

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32 S‘pec'i-al'fflBooks





., Let us show you free of all cost or obligation



i exactly how you can save money on everything



_' you buy to eat or wear or use in any way.



_ Here are a number of the special books we

issue. In the entire list there may be but one

or two or three that will interest you at this





 





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time. But by all means get that book or book.

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You owe it to yourself, to your family to at

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Check Over the List Now -





 





 





 





 





1 Paint: 1'! Baby Carriage-



2 Pianos 18 Men’s Fur Coats



8 Organs 19 Bowinguachinel



4 Trunks 20 Gasoline in



5 Roofing 21 Cream Be stators



I Vehicles 21 Building ataxia!



'1 Furniture 23 Move: and Ranges



8 Incubators 24 Underwear Samples



9 Wall Pa or 25 him-while Supplies \

10 Typewr ten 26 ityclw Hotorcycies \

11 Grocery List 21 Baby’IDi-euandloilot

12 Food Cookers 28 Women'srafloredsmu

18 Tank Heaters 30 Women's fashion Book

14 Wire Fencing 31 kahuna-Emmanuel”





Men’s Clothing





Carpets, Bugs 33

Women's Pm





18 Building Plans

Each of these books is nicel



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unconditional guarantee of satisfaction or money

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the nature of the contents. Pick out. the book or

books that interest you. write their number intho

coupon below and mail to as to—day





Sign and Mail Coupon NOW!





—

MONTGOMERY WARD & C0.

19th and Campbell Street! Chicago Avenue Bridge

KANSAS CITY CHICAGO





 





Please send to m addre- below books Nos... .......





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Name ............. ...................... ...... ............

.Pou Office ............. .................................-

State .................. .................... ............





Send coupon to the address nearest you





Clover Seed Wanted “333%.





Send sample. stuto fiiuantity and we will ofl'er.

We pay freight. A. . HOFFMAN, Banit'ord, Pa.
m ,





350 (22);





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THE MICHIGAN PARMER.‘





 





PRACTICAL SCIENCE.





 





CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 0F SOILS.

No. 5.

BY FLOYD w. ROBISON.



Phosphorus is another element of ex-

ceedingly great interest and of prime im—

portance to agriculture. Phosphorus in

its free, pure state is a solid substance,

whereas Nitrogen was a gas. Whereas

Nitrogen was exceedingly inert in its free

condition, Phosphorus in its free condition

is exceedingly active. It is quite inflam-

mable and in its pure state is dangerous

to handle. Phosphorus occupies a place,

so far as plant and animal food is con-

cerned, which is not essentially different

in many of its particulars to the element

Nitrogen. It is one of the elements which

go to make up the various protein bodies

which are so intimately associated with





the vital principles of life in animal

structure. The seed, or center, of growth

in the plant contains a. considerable





quantity of this element Phosphorus, and

coupled with the element Nitrogen it

forms, therefore, a very essential con-

stituent of the life center of plants. We

do not deal with Phosphorus in its free,

or pure, state in our study of agriculture,

but it is usually in combination primarily

with Sodium, Calcium and Potassium,

as salts, or in animal nutrition in com-

bination with Nitrogen, Iron, etc., in the

protein bodies. We usually speak of

Phosphorus in terms of its compound

called Phosphoric Acid, which is a union

of two parts of Phosphorus with five parts

of Oxygen (P205) and in reporting or in

studying the Phosphorus content of ma-

nure it is this latter compound, Phos—

phoric Acid (P205) that we generally

mention when we speak of the element

Phosphorus. 'Phosphorus is one of the

elements which in certain soils of our

country has become rapidly exhausted

and, unlike the element Nitrogen, there

has been no observation of the restoring

of the element to the exhausted soil ex-

cept by the hand of man in applying it

as a fertilizer. Hopkins, of the Illinois

station, has laid great stress, and sound-

ed the warning with vigor, in his home

state, Illinois, regarding the removing,

by continual crops of this element Phos—

phorus, or its compound, Phosphoric

Acid, without returning again to the soil

in equivalent of the Phosphoric Acid re—

moved by the crop. The principal

amount of Phosphorus in the body is

found in the bony structure of the body

and consequently one of the most com-

mon sources of Phosphoric. Acid Fertiliz-

ers is ground bone.- Since the importance

of Phosphorus to agriculture has been

proclaimed there have been discovered

in this country large deposits of phos-

phate rock which is an insoluble phos-

phate of lime. This product is now drawn

upon heavily as a source of Phosphorus

in fertilizers. As Hopkins has thoroughly

demonstrated, crops respond beautifully

to the intelligent addition of Phosphorus

to the soil. The conditions which seem-

ingly call for the addition of Phosphorus,

we will discuss somewhat in detail in our

discussion of fertilizers and their rela—

tion to the soil and crops.



The third element of great concern to

agriculture is the element Potassium.

Potassium in a way, like Phosphorus, is

not ordinarily found in the free condi-

tion. It is an alkali metal and is danger-

ous to handle when in the free condition.

It has the property of decomposing water,

liberating the Hydrogen of the water and

itself combining with the Oxygen to form

the Oxide of Potassium: or Potash. It

has been considered that Potassium, or

as we commonly speak, Potash, is like~

wise another constituent of fertile soils

which is quite subject to exhaustion.

llnlike Phosphorus, however, it is not now

being so rapidly exhausted, because of

the fact that very few of the crops which

are taken from the soil carry away with

them a considerable amount of Potash.

In animal nutrition Potash is largely a

medium, it might be said, assisting in the

supply of starch, sugar, albumin, etc.,

to the animal without being an active

constituent of these substances itself.

The excrement of farm animals, if prop—

erly conserved, will return to the soil

practically the whole amount of Potash

which the crop removed. Certain crops,

however, require for their best develop-

ment a large percentage of Potash in the

soil and we may undertake the discus-

sion of these particular crops in our

course. -



We may now recapitulate briefly re-

garding these three important soil con-





stituents. Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid and

Potash have been called by .the modern

agricultural scientists the great tripod of

agriculture, and well We may understand

why this importance was attached to

these three substances when we know

their exceedingly great influence upon

agriculture and their intimate connection

with plant and animal nutrition.



Calcium in the free state is not known

in agriculture. One of the most common

forms in which we find calcium is as lime

—a union of calcium with the element

Oxygen and yet lime (CaO) of itself is not

a very common product, due to the great

affinity which lime has for water. Its

exposure to water or even to air for a

short period is ample to cause a slaking

of the lime whereby it takes up water

and changes its chemical relationship.

Another common form in which we find

calcium is Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3),

or, as is commonly spoken of, carbonate

of lime. In various sections of this state

there are immense deposits of limestone.

or carbonate of lime. This element is in

this form being constantly removed from

the soil by solution in water and at the

same time by means particularly of mar-

ine organic life it is being continually

laid down as lime rock. The field of cir-

culation of this element, therefore, is per-

haps more definite and more restricted in

this way than are many of the other ele-

ments which we have briefly discussed.

Carbonate of lime is used as a source of

Carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid gas, and

is made of use in sugar factories in the

process of clarifying the juice. The lime-

stone is roasted, or heated, at a high

temperature, the carbon dioxide being

driven off, leaving the quick or caustic

limc behind. The Carbon dioxide is stored

in large tanks under pressure. The beet

juice is treated with caustic lime where-

by many of the impurities in the beet

juice are removed. It then becomes nec-

essary to remove what 'lime may have

gone into the solution in the juice and

then the stored carbon dioxide is again

allowed to bubble up through the liquid

when the lime in solution is precipitated

again as carbonate of lime. Lime is not

very soluble in water, a saturated solu-

tion containing less than one-half of one

per cent of lime. In outer words, it

would take over 200 pounds of water to

(lisolve one pound of lime.



Calcium as a fertilizer has been in and

out of favor, and in again, during the last

fifty years. At one time it was supposed

that the proper addition of lime to the

soil would solve all of the fertility prob-

lems of that soil and as a result lime was

added indiscriminately and injudlciously

and the injury as a result of this indis-

criminate use militated against its re—

maining in lasting favor. We have a pe-





.riod at the present time in agricultural





development in which interest is again

being revived in lime as a fertilizing

material. There is little doubt that

many soils are greatly benefited by the

judicious use of lime in one or another

form. To soils that need lime it matters

little in what form the lime is introduced

providing it is exceedingly finely divided.

One may add ground limestone rock, or

if available he may add quick lime, using

the precaution in case quick lime is used

that it does not come in contact with any

vegetation on the ground at the time. In

whatever form it is used it will be con-

verted in the soil into carbonate of lime.



The conditions which would prompt the

student farmer to use lime are worthy of

consideration in some detail. The indis—

criminate use of lime as well as the in-

discriminate use of other fertilizers is to

be severely condemned. Both have their

proper field and when considered and used

in their proper places the soil will usually

respond but neither can be used indis-

criminately without using good judgment

in connection therewith.



Calcium is also found extensively in the

immense deposits of phosphate rock and

We may see that in one way or another

nature has provided for an abund t sup-

ply of calcium. It is rather unevenly dis~

tributed, it is true, but the supply is ac-

cessible, nevertheless.



WHAT DIGESTIBILITY OF FEED



MEANS.



When chemical analyses were first re-

sorted to as a means of determining the

value of a feed stuff, it was ascertained

that in many instances the analysis did

no: seem to give the true index or the





   





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value or certain feeds. This observation

was a more or less general one among

feeders and it' soon became apparent that

the different analyses left out of consid-

eration some very important points.



Chemical Analysis and Digestibliity.



Popular opinion among feeders, based

upon their experiences, led them to give

to certain, feeds values entirely different

than the chemical analysis would warrant.

There'is usually some basis for a public

opinion. It may not be well directed but

as a rule there is some fundamental truth

underlying that opinion. In these in-

stances it was observed that perhaps two

known feeds which analyses showed to be

quite different in composition had prac-

tically the same feeding value.



These observations paved the way for

a study of the physiological differences

or these feeds, and it was observed in this

way that one was more completely utilized

than the other, In other words, that the

one perhaps was quite completely digested

while the other was much less completely

digested.



This study of the digestibility of these

different feeds resulted in the analysis

and publication of the digestibn.ty of

nearly all of our well—known feeding

stuffs. The general method of determin—

ing the digestibility upon which ‘these

tables were based was to make an anal—

ysis of the excrement, to determine just

how much of the particular feeding stuff.

in question had been utilized by the ani-

mal in the process of metabolism. These

factors of digestibility left out of consid—

eration one very important factor, name-

ly, that of two feeds which may be equally

digestible, by which we mean equally

completely digestible, the actual amount

of energy obtained from the one would

be very materially less than that obtained

from the other. In determining the cause

of this it was discovered that, on the feed

which the animal utilized to the last de—

gree. a considerably larger amount of ac-

tual bodily energy was expended in con-

verting that feed into soluble form so

that it would be taken up by the circu-

lation. Armsby, in his experiments on

cattle at the Pennsylvania station estab-

lished this point very nicely, and in his

work he demonstrated that “the net avail-

able energy, as he called it, of one food

was essentially different from the net

available energy of another and that this

factor influenced very materially the value

of that feed to the animal.



The “Cost" of Digestion.



In the writer's experiments, conducted

at the Michigan station, this same point

was observed and corroborated. A feed

which takes considerable effort on the

part of the animal to digest and utilize

is usually accompanied by the voiding

3.10ng with the excrement the remains of

membranes and. muscle fibres, and worn-

out fragments of cells, etc., together with

rejected products from the digestive juices

of the body, all of which represent in a

measure the actual cost of the digestion

of that feed material to the animal body.

It is obvious that when the cost of the

digestion of one feed is greater and ma-

terially greater, than is the cost of the

digestion of another feed, that the value

of that particular feed to the animal

economy is lessened by just the amount

that it cost the animal to digest it. In

order to establish. then, the real value of

feed Stuffs. the factors of digestibility

should be supplemented by an estimate

of the cost of digestion of that particular

feed, or, in other words, the value of any

particular feed to the animal depends

not alone upon its digestibility but upon

the net available energy which that feed

has.



We have observed that about the clear-

est index of the net available energy of

a feed stuff may be had by observing.

together with its digestibility, the per-

centsge of crude fibre which that particu—

in: feed has. V‘Ve have therefore urged

in our study of feeding stuffs that of

prime importance to the feed is to learn

how to judge of the amount of net avail-

able energy in a feed stuff by the study

of its crude fibre content. Therefore, we

have placed. as of at least secondary im-

portance in the analysis of a feed. the

study of its crude fibre content. Many

states require that the percentage of pro-

tein and the percentage of fat or oil shall

be stated on the guarantee, which ac-

companies the i'eed. This is in the right

direction but does not go far enough, for

without the guarantee that a minimum

content of crude fibre shall not be ex-

ceeded, and without a knowledge of the

etude fibre content at any [articular feed.

its feeding'voiue cannot be very closely

determined. ‘ ' ‘ -





. OCT.- 14, 1911.





FLOYD W. RoBIsON.





 





   





THE MICHIGAN' FAR'MER.‘





LABORATORY neponr.





 





Comparative Value of Feeds.





1. What is gluten meal? 2. What is

the difference between old process oil

meal and the new process meal? 3. What

is the difference between beef meal and

beef scraps, and which is best?



Kent Co. M. D. C.



1. Gluten meal is a by-product obtained

in the manufacture of glucose and starch

from corn. It is the portion of the corn

grain that lies just beneath the hull. Care

should be taken to discriminate between

gluten meal and gluten feed. The terms

have been confounded frequently and

gluten feed has been sold when gluten

meal was ordered. Gluten feed is a mix-

ture of gluten meal, corn bran and fre-

quently the starchy residue of the steep

water. Gluten meal is of considerably

greater value than is gluten feed because

of its higher content of protein and its

lower content of crude fibre.



Below we compare the analysis of the

two products:





Gluten Meal. Gluten Feed.

*p. c. p. 0.

Protein .....29.00 Protein ........ 24.00

Crude fibre 2.25 Crude fibre 6.40





Ether extract.. 3.00 Ether extract.. 250





N. free ex ...... 55.25 N. free ex ...... 54.10

Moisture ....... 8.50 Moisture ...... 8.00

Ash 2.00 Ash ............ 5.00





2. The difference between the old proc-

ess and new process oil meal lies in the

completeness of the removal of the oil

from the linseed meal. In the old process

the meal was heated and the oil pressed

out by hydraulic pressure. In this way

from five to eight per cent of oil was left

in the oil meal. In the new process this

remaining oil is extracted by the aid of

naptha and therefore the new process oil

meal contains very little oil. On this ac-

count the new process oll meal is slightly

higher in its protein content than is the

old process meal. The variation in the

oil meal in the new and old process, so

far as protein content is concerned. is so

great that one cannot place reliance with-

out resorting to an analysis of the pro-

duct. It is by no means unusual for this

product to vary from four to six per cent

in its content of protein.



3. The only difference between beef meal

and beef scraps is in the fineness of

grinding. Beef meal is ground very finely.

In fact, it is in reality a meal while beef

scraps are very coarse. They are one

and the same thing so far as the identity

of the material is concerned. To advise

which is better, therefore, depends upon

the purpose for which it is to be used. If

it is finely ground it can, as a rule, be

better incorporated for feeding and in

this way it it probably more desirable but

the grinding has not enhanced its value

so far as its feeding qualities are con-

cerned except as stated. Beef meal prop-

erly used should be a valuable adjunct to

toe ration inasmuch. as it carries a high

content of protein. A typical analysis of

beef meal or beef scraps would be as





follows:

Protein .........40t060per cent

Fat ...... ........6to Sper cent





Effect of Salt on Cement.





If salt is sprinkled on cement steps to

remove ice, will salt injure the steps?

Lenawee Co. READER.





It is the consensus of opinion from this

laboratory that if the cement is well made

and the proportion of cement to gravel

is quite high, the application of salt in

the removal of ice will not damage the

cement at all. Where cement is poorly

made and it has not been properly bound

together it is possible that the continual

absorption of salt, especially if that salt

contains some considerable amount of

magnesium as an impurity, might in time

injure the structure of tne cement and

cause crumbling. However, as stated

before, if the cement is properly made

we do not believe salt will injure it. To

support our contention, it will be remem—

bered that in the harbors along the ocean.

docks and piers are being built of cement

and concrete and subject as these are to

the continual washing with salt water it

Would appear'to us that this affords an

excellent example of the high resistance

of cement, when properly made, to salt.

Again, it is by no means uncommon for

salt to be actually mixed with concrete

when it is manufactured in very cold

weather in order to lower the freezing

point of the water which is held so that

building operations may go on unaffected

by the temperature.

of the fact that complaint has been made

of the use of salt in the above purpose

and that it has been supposed that the

salt caused injury to the cement. It is

our opinion, however, that this injury

1: any, was caused by imperfections in‘

the cement itself rather than to the fleet

that salt was used to removing tn toe.





We are conscious.





The successful business houses

of the city employ motor

delivery wagons.





They have proven from past

experience that motor de—

livery is more reliable and

economical than any other

method.





Is there any reason why the

farmer should not avail

himself of the possibilities

of a Motor-Wagon in his

work?





The farmer needs motor de-

livery!





His journeys are longer.





The city merchant is saving

money by using motor

delivery; and he is earning

more than he ever did before.





The farmer can save money by

using the Motor-Wagon and

at the same time have his

horses and wagons to do

more work on the farm.





The Motor-Wagon has made

this possible.





For Sundays

and Holidays





It’s simplicity

and strength

make it prac-

tically repair-

proof.





Woodward Ave. - -





 





Motor Wagon Sales Company,





 





23> 351





 





The farmer can save money

by using the Motor-Wagon





 





It is easy to operate and costs

little to run.





Between the farm and the

market, the Motor-Wagon

does the work of two horses.





On the farm it can be used

for the transportation of

tools and materials while

the horses are at some other

work.





Get in touch with the nearest

dealer at once and see for

yourself this reliable and

economical Motor-Wagon.





Compare it with the more

expensive cars and we know

that you will acknowl o

it the better for your wor .





On Sundays and holidays,

you can use it as a pleasure

car by installing extra seats,

supplied at small additional

cost.





We want you to know all

about the Motor-Wagon—

of its advantages for film

use. - '





 

 

   





Do not waste any time—write today for this information.





- Detroit, Michigan. !
l

3

i:

.i”

i.





 





3+ __.. J:.:e.'«,~‘.§;,.3.





352 <24» _.





E'" MARKETS? ‘





WMW

DETROIT WHOLESALE -MARKET.





 





 





 





October 18, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.





Wheat—Farmers are rejoicing over the

steady advance of wheat prices this last

week. The improvement has been great-

er in cash wheat than in futures, how—

ever, both haVe enjoyed a substantial

change. The general news over the world

does not appear to warrant the advance

that has been made. Conditions in Ar-

gentine are of the best. The world's vis-

ible supply had a heavy increase although

the world’s total stocks are now a little

over 11,000,000 bushels less than a. year

ago. The Liverpool market was a little

easy and lower on Tuesday when an ad-

vance was made in the markets on this

side. The Russian crop is a bullish fea-

ture to the trade, it being certain that

she will market a much smaller crop than

usual; but this condition is overcome in

part, by the superior yield in other Eu-

ropean countries. The demand from mill-

ers in this country is forcing the upward

trend of prices. They are encouraged to

do this by the low grading of the wheat

crop in the northwest and the great dam-

age that has been done since harvesting

by the heavy rains, much of the grain

spoiling in the shock. One year ago

Cash No. 2 red wheat was quoted at 950

per bu., which was 2%0 below the price

on Tuesday of this week. Quotations for

the week are as follows: -





No. 2 No. 1 .

Red. White. Dec. MaY.

Thursday ....94 .91 .9964 $1.04%

Friday ......951/2 .921/2 1.00% 1.05171,

Saturday .....96 .93 1.0014 1.05%,

Monday ..... 961/2 93% 1.001/4 1.0514

Tuesday ..... 971/; .041/2 1.00% 1.05%.

Wednesday ..98% .956; 1.013;; 1.06%

Corn.—Corn enjoyed a fractional ad-

vance during the past week. This grain





appears to be steady considering the high

price it is commanding. The past week

has witnessed little or no improvement

in conditions of the new crop \Vthll'lS

suffering considerably from excesswe

moisture in many instances. The corn is

spoiling in the shock. There is little deal-

ing on the local market. Fall delivery is

likely to be delayed owmg to the inabil-

ity of farmers to get the crop in the crib.

One year ago the price for No. 3 corn

was 51c per bu. Following are the lead-

ing quotations for the week:





No. No.3



Corn Yellow.



Thursday ................. 74 74%

Friday .................... 74% 75

Saturday ................. 741/2 75

Monday ................... 741/2 75

Tuesday .................. 741/5 75



Wednesday ............... 7o 751,9





Oats.——This grain seems to have found

its high point, for instead of advancmg





.with other cereals it showed a tendency





to fluctuate and the average price is

about on a par with that of the previous

week. No news of importance has mate-

rialized, the demand and supplies are

constant. One year ago the price of

standard oats was 341/20 per bu; this is

practically 1.50 below the present figures.

Following are the leading quotations:

Standard No.3





White.

Thursday ................. 491/2 49

Friday .................... 50 491/2

Saturday ................. 50 491,2

Monday ............. . ..... 491/.) 49

Tuesday .................. 49 1,5 49

nVVednesday ............... 50 49 1/2





Beans.-——This has been a most discour-

aging season for growing beans. The

farmers who succeeded in getting their

crop secured without rain are very few

indeed. Many fields are totally destroyed

so far as producing any marketable beans.

It is believed that the damage done 15

greater than the trade recognizes. Crop

reports and other letters to this office

indicate that the Michigan offerings to the

bean trade will be very small compared

with other years. The price on the mar-

ket. here takes a drop every time the sun

comes out, but no amount of sunshine

will remedy the damage that has been

done and farmers who have good beans

will take little chance in holding them,





providing the beans will keep well. Quo—

tations for the week are as follows:



Oct. Dec.

Thursday .................. $2.40 $2.30

Friday ...................... 2.30 2.20

Saturday ................... 2.27 2.20

Monday .................... 2.27 2.20

Tuesday .................... 2.27 2.20

\Vednesday ................. 2.30 2.23





Clover Seed.——No material change has

occurred in this market and the offerings

are small for this season of the year be—

cause of the small acreage harvested and





the small yield of fields hulled. Quota-

tions are as follows:



Oct. Alsike.

Thursday .................$12.25 $10.50

Friday .......... . ......... 12.25 10.50

Saturday .......... . ...... 12.25 10.50

Monday .................. 12.25 10.50

Tuesday .................. 12.25 10.50

\Vednesday .............. 12.25 10.50





Timothy Seed—This product advanced

20c in price the past week, sales being

made on Tuesday at $7.20 per bu.



Rye—«Cash No. 2 rye advanced lo the

past week and is firm and quiet at $1.01

per bu.



Flour, Feed, Potatoes, Etc.



Flour.—There is a brisk demand for

flour, with prices unChanged,





Strai ht .......... . ................... . 4.10

Pategt Michigan .................... 4.75.

Ordinary Patent . .; .................. 4.40



Feed. ——All grades steady with last week

Carlot prices on‘ track are: Bran, $27 per

ton; coarse middlings, $29; fine middlings





.._.._....._ ... “a- , u..- :.':x:.—..-- .





mHE meme“! FARMER.

now quotedat 55/@60o per bu; Wisconsin,





50@58c; Minnesota... 55@60c.

Beans—Pea beans are 200 higher; mar-





332; cracked corn. $30; coarse corn meal,

$30; corn and oat chop. $28 per ton. '



Hay and Straw.—,—Prices are steady with

last week. Quotations: No. 1 timothy,

$19@20; No. 2 timothy, $18@19; clover,

mixed, 17@19; rye straw, "$8@8.50; wheat

and oat straw, $7@7.50 per ton.



Potatoes.—The continuous wet weather

has so delayed potato digging that the

trade 'is catching up with the deliveries

and an improvement in prices has re-

sulted. Quality of the tubers is a little

off. Car lots on track are quoted at 60@

650 per bushel, which is a 5c advance ov-

er last week’s price. »



Provisions.—Family pork, $18@18.50;

mess pork, $15; medium clear, $14.50@16;

hams, 10c; bacon, 121/2@141,§c pure lard

in tierces‘, 10140; kettle rendered lard,

1114c per lb.



Dairy and Poutry Products.





Butter.—The advanced prices of last

week are maintained with the trade firm

and enjoying a lively demand. Quota-

tions: Extra creamery, 29c; firsts, do.,

28c; dairy, 20c; packing stock, 10c per lb.



Eggs.-—The week’s quotation is higher

than the improved price of last week, the

decrease in supplies ,being responsible.

Fresh receipts, case count, cases included,

are now quoted at 24c per dozen.





Poultry.——Broilers, hens and young

ducks have made another drop. Other

kinds steady. The market is easy owing

to the liberal supply. Prices are: Live-—





Hens,.10c; turkeys, 14@15c; geese, 8@90;

ducks, 12@13c; young ducks, 14c; broilers,

110 per lb. .



Cheese.—Michigan, old, 17c; Michigan,

late, 15%@16c; York state, new, 16@

16%c; Swiss, domestic block, 16@18c;

cream brick, 15@16c; limburger, 12@13c.



VeaI.—--Market steady. Fancy, 11@12c;

choice, 8@9c per lb.



Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage.——Steady. Selling at

1.75 per bbl, for home-grown.



Onions.—Steady; 80@90c per bu.



Pears.—75c@1 per bu for average of-

ferings.



Apples—Market about steady with the

bulk of offerings of inferior quality. Av-

erage offerings are going at 50@75c per

bu; Snows are selling at $2.50@3 per bbl.



Grapes.——-Niagara 8-lb. basket, 15@180:

concord, ”@150.





From Farmers’ Wagons on Detroit East-

ern Market.



There was a dearth of buyers on the

market W'ednesday morning which made

selling a little slow. A good variety of

produce was offered and prices are little

changcd from last week. Squash was

fairly plentiful and offered at 50@60c per

basket: turnips from 35@400 per bu; cab-

bagc, 3071350 per bu; cauliflowers around

75c. per bu: carrots, 40c per bu; good cel-

ery was commanding 35c per bunch; but-

ter beans of an inferior quality were go—

ing at 500 per bu; tomatoes were in fairly

large quantity for the season and were

selling at 50@60c per bu; potatoes showed

the effect of the wet weather, they hav-

ing much dirt clinging to them; a good

quality was commanding 80c per bu.

Chickens were going at 140 per lb. Pears

ranged from 75c@$1.15 per bu; there were

a very few good apples to be found on

the market and prices ranged from 50c@

$1.10 per bu. Hay is still quoted at $20@

f25 per ton, but loads were not freely of-

ered.





$1.50@





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.





Potatoes range from 40@45c at up-

state loading points and farmers are quite

free sellers at these comparatively low

prices. Frosts have cut the vines in the

territory north of Cadillac, though in

lower sections of the state the tubers are

still growing and are of large size. Stock

is green and the continual wet weather

threatens great damage from rot. The

rains have badly damaged the bean crop

of the state. White beans are worth

$2.10@2.20. Eggs are higher, fresh stock

being worth 22c, jobbers to country ship-

pers. The poultry market is weak, with

fowls and spring chickens off to 81/2c.

Dressed hogs are worth around 8c. Wheat

is worth 91c; corn 71c and oats 50c.





New York.





Butter.—The advance of last week was

not sustained, and the better grades of

creameries are off 1@2c. Market steady

at the new figures. Creamery specials

are quoted at 31c.per lb; extras. 30c;

firsts, 27@281/2c; seconds, 25@260; thirds,

2361240



Eggs—Steady. Fresh gathered extras,

30((5310; extra, firsts, 26@28c; seconds. 20

(w22c: western gathered whites, 26@30c

per dozen.



iloultrys—Market lower and in bad

shape. Turkeys, 10@200; do., young, 25c;

fowls, 8@161/2c western chickens, 10@16c.





 





Chicago.



\Vheat.-—No. 2 red, 987§c@$1;

$10014; May. $10474. per bu.



Corn—No. 2, 711/2@721/4,c; Dec., 641/20;

May, 65140 per bu.



Oats.—-No. 2 white, Dec.,

471/:2c: May. 500-



Barley.—--Malting grades, $1.00@1.25 per

bu; feeding, 75@95c.



Butter.——Supplies the past week have

more nearly met the requirements of the

trade than for some weeks, checking for

a time at least, the tendency toward still

higher values. Market steady at last

week’s figures. Creameries, 2360290; dair-

ies, 2162260 per lb.



Eggs—An undertone of firmness per-

vades this market, due to meager re-

ceipts, especially of prime stock. Top

grades are quoted 1&0 higher: miscella-

reous receipts unchanged. Quotations:

Prime firsts, 22c; firsts, 210;. at mark,

cases included, 15@180 per dozen.



Potatoes—T‘Vith receipts for the first

two days of this week more than double

those for the same days last week prices

have declined fully 100. Demand showing

some improvement. Michigan stock is





 





Dec.,





47@47'%c;





ket very firm. Choice hand-pic'ked'pea

beans are quoted at $2.48@2.55 per bu;

prime, ‘$2.37_@2.41; red kidneys, $2.75@3

per bu.



Hay and Straw—Market easier with

the better grades of timothy quoted $1

lower. All kinds of straw 500@$1 higher.

Quotations: Choice timothy, $22@23 per

ton; do., No. 1 $20@21; do., No. 2 and

No. 1 mixed, $19@20.; do., No. 3 and No.

2 mixed, $14@18; clover, $15@17; do., No“

2 and no grade, $8@13; rye straw, $9@10;

oat straw, $7.50@8 per ton; wheat straw,





'$6@7 per ton.





Boston.





VVool.-—-During the past week there has

been an increased demand for Michigan

fleeces. A general revival of the clothing

market has given a new impetus to the.

wool trade. Lower grades of fleeces,

however, are commanding the greater

attention, while in territory lines the de-

mand seems to be more general. Prices

appear steady with a week ago. Quota-

tions for the leading domestic grades are

as follows: Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces

-—Delaine washed, 300; XX, 280; fine un-

merchantable, 22@23c; 1,é-blood combing,

2555617260; Q‘s-blood combing, 25c; 1/,,-blood

combing, 24@241/2c; delaine unwashed,

250; fine unwashed, 21c. Michigan, Wis-

consin and New York fleeces—Fine un-

washed, 19@20c; delaine unwashed, 23@

24c; %-blood unwashed, 241/2~@25c. Ken-

tucky, Indiana and Missouri-%-blood,

25c; ya-blood, 23174260240.





, Elgln.



Butter.—Market firm at 29c per 1b..

which is last week’s quotation. Output

for the week, 693,700 lbs., as compared

with 705,800 lbs. for the previous week.





 





 





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.

October 16, 1911.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens.

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 215 cars; hogs, 125 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 145 double decks; calves

1,500 head. ' _.



With 215 cars of cattle on our market



here today, and 27,000 reported in Chica-

go, had there been any strictly prime

cattle here today, they would have readily

sold at an advance over last week. It is

a positive fact that there wasn’t a single

straight load of good cattle on the mar-

ket here today. There were a couple of

loads of cattle sold for $7.25 per cwt.,

but they were far from being strictly

good. All other grades of cattle ruled

about steady at last week’s prices.

, We quote: Best 1,400 to 1,600—lb. steers

$7.60@7.75; good prime 1,300. to 1,400-lb.

steers, $7@7.25; do., 1,200 to 1.300—1b. do.,

$6.50@7.25; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb. shipping

steers, $5.75@6.15; medium butcher steers

1,000 to 1,100 lbs., $5.25@5.75; light butch-

er steers, $4.65@5.15; best fat cows, $4.50

@5; fair to good do., $3.65@4.25; common

to medium do., $2.50@3.-25; trimmers, $1.75

@250; best fat heifers, $5.25@5.75; good

do.,‘$4.75@5.25; fair to good do., $4@4.75;

stock heifers, $3603.25; best feeding steers

dehorned, $475605; common do., $3.50@4:

stockers, all grades, $3.25@3.50; prime ex-

port bulls, $5635.25; best butcher bulls,

$4.25@4.75; bologna bulls, $3.25@3.75;

stock bulls, $3@3.75: best milkers and

springers, $50@60; common to good do.,

$25@35.



With liberal receipts of hogs here to-



day, market opened slow; prices on the

bulk of the hogs ruling about 10c lower

than the close of last week. The best

quality yorkers, mixed and medium

weights, sold at $6.65@6.70, the bqu at

the latter price, with a few decks of a

strong weight of choice quality selling at

$6.75. Pigs show a 10c decline on the

bulk of the sales; majority going at $5.90,

With quite a number of the stronger

weights and best quality at 6c. The good

quality rough sows sold generally at $5.70

@575; stags, $4.50@5.25; light skip pigs

ranging from $425655, according to weight

and quality. After the opening, the mar-

ket ruled fairly active at the prices. The

hogs are well cleaned up except a few

late arrivals.

. The sheep and lamb market today was

in a demoralized condition. Most of the

choice lambs sold from $5.50@5.55; few

at $5.60. \Vcthers from $3.50@3.75. Don’t

look for much improvement the balance

of the week, unless the run should be very

light Friday. There will be plenty here

to last until Thursday.



Vt'e quote: Best spring lambs, $5.50@

5.55: cull to common do., $4.50@4.75;

wethers, $3.50fil3.75; bucks, $2.50@.r2.75;

yearlings, $4614.25; handy ewes, $3.256)

3.507 heavy ewes, $3.25@3.50; cnll sheep,

$1.506P225; veals, choice to extra, $960

9.25; fair to good do., $8@8.75; heavy

calves, $4@5.





 





 





Chicago.





October 16, 1911.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Received today ...... 27,000 28,000 75,000

Same day last year..4l,140 23,880 63,743

Received last week..58,072 124,315 218,826

Same week last year.73,919 83,730 227,748

The week opened today with an over-

whelmingly large supply of sheep and

lambs, a moderate run of cattle and no

excessive offerings of hogs. Cattle ruled

steady for the general run and about a

dime higher for choice offerings, with sev-

eral transactions at $8.50 and a sale of

a consignment of six car loads that aver-

aged 1,541 lbs. at $8.55. Any fancy beeves

would have sold at $8.60 or perhaps high-

er. Hogs were called steady at first, but

before the close. the best sold 5c higher

a sale being made of 68 prime hogs that

averaged 233 lbs. at $6.80. Sales were

made all the way down to $6.05, and the

top price was only a. dime lower than a





I





m-_.___..-._--..- .1 ._ .





OCT. 21, .1911, . i_. , ,





week ago in spite of the greatly increased

receipts last week over those for a week

earlier. Common to choice light bacon

hogs sold at $6.05'@6.571,g,;

shipping hogs at $6.60@6.80; mixed pigs

weighing 110 lbs. and under at $4@5.25;

selected pigs weighing 100 to 130 lbs. at

$5.30@6.05 and stage at $6.60@6.90. Hogs

marketed last week averaged 209 lbs'., 9.

gain of eight pounds over the preceding

week. Sheep and lambs met with an ex-

cellent demand today from local slaught-

erers, as well as from eastern shippers

and feeders, but the liberality of the (.ifer-

ings forced further reductions of 15@250

in prices, lambs going at $4676; ewes at

$1.50@‘3.50; wethers at $3.2§@4 and year-

lings at $4@4.50. Feeder lambs sold free-

ly at $i@5.25. The market showed the

least weakness in the choicer offerings,

but even these were affected in a marked

degree by the heavy supply from farm

and range.





Cattle sold to better advantage last

week, as country shippers pursued a more

conservatiVe course than a week earlier

in making shipments, and the aggregate

supplies showed quite a falling off. VVest-

ern range cattle also arrived much less

freely, and they, as well as. farm-fed of-

ferings, brought higher prices. Range

cattle were as much as 25c higher, and

choice native heavy beeves made two new

high records by selling first at $8.50 and

later at $8.60. 'The previous high‘ record





was made a week earlier, when steers,





sold up to $8.35. Beef steers went largely

at $590458, but there was a surprisingly

good showing on Wednesday of prime

steers that sold at $8.05@8.50. The sale

of a car load of fancy 1,480-lb. Illinois fed

Angus and Shorthorns on Wednesday for

$8.60 was the highest price paid on the

open market since July last year, when

the top was $8.85, while the top for the

years 1910 was $8.85 paid in June. The

poorer class of grassy native steers sold

last week at $4.75@5.75, and export steers

were slow and quotable at $6.60@7.25 for

medium to pretty good lots. Desirable

yearlings sold at $7.25@8.25.' Cows and

heifers on the butcher order went at $3.30

(1‘7, and sales were made of cutters at

$2.80@3.25; canners at $1.75@2.75 and bulls

at $3@5.75. Western range cattle had a

good outlet, steers selling at $3.85@7.25,

and cows and heifers at $3@5.75, with

such steers as went at $5.35 and under

taken largely for fattening. The general

stocker and feeder market was fairly

active at $10@15c higher prices under re-

duced offerings, stockers bringing $3@5.05

and feeders. $4.40@5.90, and choice lots

were scarce and very firm. Stock heifers

sold at $3.10@3.85 and feeding heifers

weighing 700 to 800 lbs. at $4@4.40. Milk-

ers and springers had a good sale at $30@

75 per head, it being one of the best

weeks of the year for choice cows, with

not enough offered to go around. Back-

ward springers, however, were largely a





packing proposition, and such cows went’





at killers' prices. Western range cattle

advanced 25c or more last week and na-

tive cattle 10@15c or more.





Hogs were marketed freely most of the

past week, and the larger purchases made

much_of the time by eastern shippers

helped to check the downward course of

prices. Local packers were as averseas

ever to paying advanced prices, however,

and they usually held back and took the

cheaper lots late in the day at weak to

lower prices than early quotations. Little

pigs rushed to market from Illinois feeding

points continued to make a large part of

the daily offerings and sold at a big dis-

count from prices paid readily for ma-

tured healthy hogs. This incessant mar-

keting of pigs is causing a revision of

opinion regarding future supplies of hogs,

and it is now admitted that hogs will be

much scarcer than was at first expected.

The spread in prices for hogs has nar-

rowed in recent weeks a good deal, the

heavier packing lots selling much closer

to prime lighter weights, and prime light

hogs are now going at lower figures than

choiCe medium butcher weights. Fresh

pork is still having a large sale, and there

is a large cash trade in provisions, which

are wholesaled much lower than a year

ago. although the decline has been check-

ed lately. On the opening day of October

the five principal western markets held

aggregate stocks of 168,847,000 lbs. of pro-

visions, compared with 244,340,000 lbs. a

month earlier and 119,326,000 lbs. a year

ago. .



Sheep and lambs were received ‘ln

greatly increased numbers last week, and

prices pursued a downward course‘ much

of the time, even the choicer offerings sell-

ing off. .Feeding lambs had such a large

decline that country buyers were able to

pick up some rare bargains, and liberal

numbers were shipped to feeding districts

in near-by states, Michigan and Ohio ob-

taining their shares. Before long winter

weather will shut off further range sup-

plies, and range sheepmen have been

hurrying up shipments. At the same time

natives have been offered in liberal num-

bers, receipts hailing from all parts of the

corn belt states, including “’isconsin,

Minnesota and South Dakota. Breeding

ewes had a good demand at $3.75@4.50

per 100 lbs., yearlings going the highest.

Sheep sell at much lower prices than in

most former years, and the best lambs

make an even worse showing, but after

the range shipping season is over a bet—

ter show will be seen for sellers. Prices

declined during the week 35@75c for

lambs and 15@2_5c for sheep and year-

lings.



Horses of the better class have been

selling all right. with hardly enough prime

heavy ones offered to meet the good de-

mand, while the inferior animals were

hard to dispose of~at steady prices. Too

many horses weighing around 1,400 lbs.

are shipped in, while the demand calls

for a high-class grade of drafters weigh-

ing at least 1,600 lbs. A good to prime





grade of heavy drafter goes at $225@326

per head, with a lighter kind going at

$175@220 and wagoners fetching $1606?

200. .





fancy light '





 





.. ”Aw.”
4”,.





 





 





" 3 ocr.’ at. 1911.





   





' 7





rule IS THE LAST EDITION.





 





In the first edition the. Detroit 'LiVI

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailedThursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early then they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

October 19, 1911.

Cattle.



Receipts. 950. All grades steady at last

week's prices; quality very common.



We quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.50; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200,

$4.50@5.25; do. 800 to 1,000, $4@4.50; grass

steers and heifers that are fat, 800 to

1,000, $4@4.50; do. 500 to 700, $3.50@4.25;

choice fat cows, $4@4.50; good do. $3.50@

3.75; common cows, $2.75@3.25; canners,

$2@2.50; choice heavy bulls, $3.75@4; fair

to good bolognas, bulls. $3@3.25; stock

bulls, $2.75@3; choice feeding steers. 800

to 1.000, $4.25@4.75; fair do. 800 to 1,000,





$3.75@4; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50 "





((04: fair stockers, 500 to 700, $3@3.50;

stock heifers, $3@3.25; milkers, large,

young, medium age, $40@55; common do.

$256035.



Roe Com. Co. sold Parker, W. & Co.

4 cow's av 900 at $3.50: to Regan 8 butch-

ers av 527, at $3.35; to Hammond, S. 8:

Co. 1 cow weighing 1,000 at $2.75; to

Bresnahan 1 do weighing 740 at $2.50; to

Rattkowsky 3 butchers av 787 at $3.50; to

Kamman B. Co. 15 steers av 987 at $4.85;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 cow weighing

1,000 at $2.75, 4 Cows av 930 at $2.75: to

Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,170 at

$3.75, 1 steer weighing 550 at $3.75, 11

butchers av 791 at $4, 1 canner weighing

740 at $2.50; to Regan 7 butchers av 593

at $3.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 canners

av 883 at $3, 2 bulls av 910 at $3.50, 22

butchers av 605 at $3.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan 4 cari-

ners av 900 at $2.25; to Parker, W._&

Co. 1 steer weighing 930 at $4, 1 bull

weighing 1,330 at $3.75, 5 butchers av 650

at $3.50, 1 cow weighing 810 at $2.50, 1 do

weighing 910 at $3, 1 do weighing 1,030 at

$3.25, 1 do weighing 920 at $3, 2 canners

av 775 at $2.50; to Kamman 5 butchers av

876 at $4.50; to Rattkowsky 2 bulls av

690 at $3.50; to Fromm 10 butchers av 635

at $3.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 10 steers

av 880 at $4.50, 15 do av 953 at $4.75; to

Newton B. Co. 2 bulls av 750 at $3.25, 1

do weighing 940 at $3.50; to Fromm 4

butchers av 553 at $3.35; to Rattkowsky

5 steers av 880 at $4; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 2 cows av 960 at $3, 4 do av 885 at

$2.50, 4 canners av 950 at $2.50. 4 bulls

av 925 at $3.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 4

heifers av 532 at $3.15, 2 cows av 895 at

$3, 5 do av 910 at $2.50, 4 butchers av 655

at $3.75, 2 cows av 765 at $2.75, 6 do av

1,063 at $3.40, 2 bulls av 705 at $3, 1 do

weighing 930 at $3.50; to Sullivan P. Co.

8 butchers av 731 at $4, 3 do av 770 at

$4.25, 2 do av 1,145 at $4, 1 steer weigh-

ing 1,020 at $5.50, 2 do av 825 at $4.40; to

Bresnahan 4 cows av 890 at $2.65.



Spicer & R. sold Kamman 4 butchers

av 835 at $4.05; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull

weighing 970 at. $4, 1 do weighing 920 at

$3.50, 1 do weighing 430 at $2.75, 1 do

weighing 1,350 at $4, 5 heifers av 680 at

$3.25, 4 cows av 945 at $3.50, 3 do av 883

at $2.75, 1 do weighing 820 at $3; to Bres-

nahan 4 canners av 835 at 2.50, 1 do

weighing 850 at $2, ,3 do av 880 at $2.50,

3 do av 790 at $2, 7 heifers av 620 at $3.35;

to Sullivan P. Co. 4 steers av 732 at $4.50,

4 cows av 895 at $3.75, 2 cow and steer

av 715 at $3.25; to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull

weighing 530 at $3, 1 cow weighing 930 at

$3.25; to Gust 2 stockers av 47:) at $3.50;

to Breitenbeck 9 butchers av 857 at

$4.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 canner

weighing 870 at $2.50, 2 do av 875 at $2.25,

1 do weighing 1,020 at $2.75.



Haley & M. sold Sullivan P. Co: 1 steer

weighing 1,070 at $5, 1 bull weighing 1,460

at $4.10, 1 do weighing 1,580 at $4, 2 do

av 790 at $3.60, 1 do weighing 1,000 at

$3.75, 9 butchers av 840 at $3.90; to Regan

4 bulls av 562 at $3. 8 heifers av 542 at

$3.40; to Schlischer 8 butchers av 740 at

$3.80; to Applebaum 4 do av 925 at $3.60,

1 cow weighing 1,050 at $3.25; to Goose

-1 cow weighing 1,000 at $3.25, 10 butchers

av 528 at $3.40; to Kamman 6 do av 641

at $3.90, 1 cow weighing 1,170 at $3.90;flto

Hammond. S. & Co. 8 do av 859 at $2.75;

to Schlischer 15 butchers av 770 at $4.30;

to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,030 at

$3.65; to Houghton 13 stockers av 620 at

$4, 8 do av 665 at $4. ,



Adams sold Parker, W. & Co. 4_ cows

av 982 at $3, 2 bulls av 1,000 at $3.75.



Same sold Mich. B. Co. 7 butchers av

743 at $4.



Veal Calves.



Receipts, 572. Market 500 lower than

last Thursday. Best, $8@8,50; others,

$3.50@7.50; mllch cows and springers

steady.



Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av

140 at $7.50; to Newton B. Co. 7 av 130 at

$8, 3 av 150 at $7.50.



Lewis sold Mich. B. Co. 5 av 145 at





.50.

8Spicer Sr. R. sold Nagle P. Co. 33 lambs

at $8, 5 av 145 at $8.50; to Applebaum 4

av 130. at $3.75; to Goose 6 av 130 at $7.50.



Haley & M. sold Burnstine 15 av 140

at $8.50; to Goose 4 av 120 at $8; to New-

ton B. Co. 11 av 145 at $8, 4 av 120 at $6;

to Mich. B. Co. 9 av 150 at $7.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 1

weighing 130 at $8.50, 2 av 150 at $8.50, 3

av 140 at $8.50; to Goose 2 av 260 at $3, 2

av 330 at $3: to Friedman 9 av 140 at

$8.50: to Rattkowsky 4 av 120 at $7.50; to

Thompson Bros. 11 av 150 at $8: to Nagle

P. Co. 6 av 150 at $8.25. 3 av 140 at $8.



Sheep and Lambs. ,



Receipts, 3.933. Quality considered,

market is steady with VWednesday and

last week's close. Best lambs, $5.35@





a





   





.,





5.50; fair do. 84.7565: light to common

'do. $3.25@4.50; fair to good sheep, $3@

8.50; culls and common, $2@2.75. .



Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B‘. 00. 8 sheep

av 120 at $3, 2.0 do av 110 at $3, 14 do av

120 at $3; to Sullivan P. Co. 22,1ambs av

60 at $4, 51 av 62 at $4.25; to Nagle P. Co.

158 do av 75 at $5. 37 do av 83 at $5.25:

to Newton B. Co. 52 do av 80 at $5.



Harland sold Nagle P. Go. 18 sheep av

70 at $3, 61 do av 60 at $4.90, 89 do av

77 at $5.



Spicer &. R. sold Nagle P. Co. 3 lambs

av 70 at $5.15, 28 do av 85 at $5.40; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 65 do av 70 at $5.



Johnson sold Sullivan P. Co. 46 lambs

av 70 at $4.85.



Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Cm 23 lambs

av 70 at $5.25, 43 do av 70 at $5.25, 49 do

av 70 at $5.25.



McLachlln sold Newton B. Co. 17 sheep

av 80 at $3, 42 lambs av 77 at $5.25.



Grofl' sold Hayes 8 lambs av 65 at $5,

10 sheep av 117 at $2.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 4

sheep av 125 at $3.25, 3 do av 135 at $3,

32 do av 85 at $3, 11 do av 100 at $2.75;

to Hayes 29 lambs av 47 at $3.60, 15 do

av 56 at $5; to Newton B. Co. 27 sheep av

110 at $3.25, 34 lambs av 45 at $3.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 104 lambs av 75 at $5.25,

70 do av 77 at $5, 66 do av 70 at $5, 51 do

av 82 at $5.25, 11 sheep av 115 at $3, 18 do

av 80 at $2, 28 do av 75 at $1.50, 8 lambs

av 60 at $4.50; to Thompson Bros. 10 do

av 79 at $5, 38 do av 75 at $5; to Nagle

P. Go. 12 do av 70 at $5, 116 do av 68 at

$5.25, 139 do av 70 at $5, 45 do av 67 at

$5.25; to Breitenbeck 9 do av 52 at $4.25,

12 do av 55 at $4.25, 65 do av 73 at $5, 18

do av 75 at $4.25; to Barlage 46 do av

65 at $5, 17 sheep av 55 at $3; to Fitzpat-

rick Bros. 49 sheep av 87 at $3.25, 5 lambs

av 82 at $5.50; to Mich. B. Co. 96 do av

75 at $3.35; to Young 50 do av 75 at $5.25;

to Fitzpatrick Bros. 37 do av 72 at $5.25,

29 do av 70 at $5.50, 16 sheep av 95 at $3.



Hogs.



Receipts, 6,488. Good grades 5c high-

215 av 200, at $6.65, 350 av 180 at $6.60, 150

lower than last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.-40@6.60; pigs, $5.75@5.90; light

yorkers, $6.40@6.60.



Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

215 av 200 at $6.55, 350 av 180 at $6.60, 150

av 170 at $6.55.



Haley & M. sold same 580 av 190 at

$65.33, 180 av 170 at $6.50, 150 av 150 at



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

1,640 av 190 at $6.65, 1,615 av 170 at $6.60,

525 av 150 at $6.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 325

av 180 at $6.60, 176 av 170 at $6.40.



Good hogs closed 5c higher; pigs steady

with opening. .





 





Friday's Market.

October 13, 1911.





Cattle.



Receipts this week, 2,019; last week,

1,302. Market dull at Thursday’s prices.



\Ve quote: Best steers and heifers,

$5.50@5.60; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $4.50@5.25; do., 800 to 1,000, $4@

4.50; grass steers and heifers that are

fat, 800 to 1,000, $vi@4.50; do., 500 to 700,

$3.50@4.25; choice fat cows, $4@4.50; good

do., $3.50@3.75; common cows, $2.75@3.25;

canners, $2@2.50, choice heavy bulls, $3.50

GM; fair to good bologna bulls, $3@3.25;

stock bulls, $2.75@3; choice feeding steers,

800 to 1,000, $4.25@4.75: fair do., 800 to

1,000, $3.75@4; choice stockers, 500 to 700,

$3.50qu4; fair do, 500 to 700, $3@3.50; stock





heifers, $3603.25; milkers, large, young,

medium age, $40@55; common milkers,

$256035.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 900; last week, 909.

Market very dull and 250 lower; common

grades $1 lower; best, $8.50@8.75; others,

$3.5(l708.



Mlich cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week, 9,817;

7,568. Market 10@15c lower than on

Thursday. Best lambs, $5.35@5.40; fair

lambs, $4.75@5; light to common lambs,

835066450; fair to good sheep, $3@3.25;

culls and common, $1.50@2.50.





last week,





Hogs.



Receipts this week, 7,589; last week,

7,957. Market steady at Thursday’s prices.

Range of prices: Light to good butchers,

864065660; pigs, $6@6.15; light yorkers,

$6.40@6.55.



Recent prices for range feeding lambs,

yearlings and sheep have been greatlv

under those paid last year, and buyers

have been able to pick up so many first-

class bargains that it is no wonder they

have embraced the opportunity so ex-

tensively. The losses involved in feeding

lambs and sheep usually come from pay-

ing too high prices at the start. and men

who have. been buying of late should

come out well ahead, providing they make

their holdings good and fat.



Before very long the ranges will cease

marketing.sheep and lambs, and then

feeders throughout the country will stand

a much better show for marketing fat

stock at satisfactory prices There have

been liberal numbers of range lambs and

sheep shipped to feeding districts in re-

cent wecks, but the season’s shipments of

such flocks have fallen far behind last

year, and prime live muttons are expected

to make good profits for their owners.





 





ENTRIES FOR INTERNATIONAL

CLOSE NOVEMBER 1.



The entries for this year’ International

Live Stock Exposition, to beheld at the

Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill., Decem-

ber 2-9 inclusive, will close on November

1. Thus prompt action is necessary on

the part of all who would exhibit stock

at this greatest of American shows. Write

at once to Secretary B. H. Heide for a.

classified premium list, if entries for the

show are contemplated. Also'prepare.to

attend this greatest of educational shows

and profit by the many lessons which it

affords for the practical farmer and feed-

er, as well as the breeders of pure-bred

animals.





 





THE MICHIGAN‘FAR . MER.‘





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





lelngeton 00-, Oct. 9.—The weather





conditions have been anything but f vor- .





able for securing the bean crop, i hav-

ing rained about every other day csince

after the first week of bean harvest.

Many fields have been nearly ruined and

the heavy rains have wet those that have

been stacked so they are rotting in the

stacks. These conditions, coupled. with

the extremely dry weather during the

summer, have made the growing of this

crop very unsatisfactory this season, but

the price for beans is now soaring so

those few who secured their crop early

will likely get a big price. Pastures and

new seeding making a good growth since

the rains. Corn fodder has been injured

considerably by the continued wet weath-

er. Not much husking done yet. Not

many bean fields have been sown to

wheat, owing to the wet weather and as

a result more rye will be sown than usual.

Late potatoes promise a good yield.



Ottawa 00., Oct. 9.——The first killing

frost of the season ocurred on the morn-

ing of October 8. It may injure the corn

some that is intended for ensllage, but

otherwise no material damage has been

done. A few silos in this immediate vici—

nity have been filled, but there is quite

a number yet to fill. The reason for this

is on account of so much rainy weather

for the past two weeks. The ground is

so .thoroughly saturated with water that

it is impossible to use binders, and some

have been trying to cut ensilage corn by

hand, but they have found this a slow

and tedious job, because so much of the

corn has been» blown down and badly

tangled. Most of the beans grown in this

section haVe been secured before the

heavy rains: There is still some clover

seed in the swath in the fields, and it has

commenced to sprout on account of the

wet weather. Some farmers who intend-

ed to sow wheat after the corn was re-

moved. have had to give it up.





Eaton Co., Oct. 7.—A light frost the

morning of the 5th, not enough to do

much damage. Farmers with a late bean

crop are having strenuous times, as it has

been raining almost daily for the past

two weeks. Beans that have been out

will be worth little except for hog feed.

it will mean quite a loss for this section,

as they are extensively grown. Corn was

mostly out before the rains began, and

the rains have boomed the wheat crop in

line shape, and have given new life to

pastures. Farmers are busy gathering

the apple crop, which is good where the

trees were sprayed. Farmers are realiz—

ing more and more that it pays to spray

thoroughly. Beans, $2; wheat, 83@87c;

rye, 850: com, 68c; oats, 420; potatoes,

900; butter. 250: eggs, 18(r924c, according

to size; hogs, $5.50@5.90: lambs, $250605;

calves, $4617; apples, $1.25 for best winter

fruit. Best timothy hay $15.





Emmet Co., Oct. 3. Weather cool and

rainy. Yield of grain. especially oats, is

light. An average acreage of fall grain

being sown. Some up and showing green

and more going in. County fair very suc-

cessful, with an especially fine showing

of fruit. Silos being filled and other

farm work going forward. Prospects good

for an average yield of late potatoes. A

fair crop of apples, buyers paying $1.25

per barrel.





 





Indiana.





Laporte Co., Oct. 9.-—-The first frost of

the season was here yesterday morning.

Mercury 32 dogs. at 5:00 a. m., after a

rainy period of nearly two weeks. Corn

mature and mostly cut. Cowpeas and

buckwheat mostly cut, but in the field.

Potatoes are a fair crop from late plant—

ing. Apples plentiful and most perfect

crop in years, cheap in price. Wheat

seeding late for fear of Hessian fly. Pas-

ture has grown since the rain. Stock

mostly in good shape. Dairy cows have

the lead now in profit. Buter, 35c: milk

not very plentiful. Farmers are building

silos and have them filled with corn. The

labor problem is a great question on the

farm, and how to economize feed and

labor is before them. Autumn tints are

on the trees and it bids fair for an early

winter.



Ohlo.





Carroll Co., Oct. 2.~'l‘he weather down

here is damp and we had a few big

rains. The creeks got so high that they

did some damage to farmers who had

crops in the bottoms. The corn is nearly

all cut and it is a fair crop. Buckwheat

is nearly all threshcd and it was a very

good crop. The grass in the pastures

freshened up a lot after the recent rain.

Potatoes will be a poor crop. Sheep and

hogs are doing well. Corn, 75c per bu;

oats, 50c; buckwheat, 85c; rye, 95c.



Montgomery Co., Oct. 2.—Raius the

past two weeks haVo wet the ground and

renewed the pastures. Some seeding done

but the ground is too wet to work now

for a few days. \i'e have had no frost as

yet. Harvesting the corn is the order of

the day, it being a fairly good crop. The

spring seeding is almost a failure on ac—

count of dry weather that, prevailed the

fore part of summer. Hay scarce and

high in price.



Wayne Co., Oct. 2.——The weather has

been very changeable, having lots of rain

on the. night of September 14, when four

inches of water fell in the night, rais-

ing small streams, overflowing all bottom

land and washing some corn that was

cut, entirely away, besides killing all low

land pastures. The \Vayne county fair

was in progress and the heavy rain flood—

ed the fair ground to a depth of about

three feet, on account of which they post-

poned the fair. Corn is nearly all cut

now, and is shocking up good. Wheat

not nearly all sown yet on account of wet

weather, the ground being soggy and not

fit to work. What wheat was sowed be—

fore heavy rain nearly all drowned out.

Markets about steady. Wheat has ad-

vanced a little and pork is somewhat

lower in price. Potatoes are worth about

90c per bu. at retail; butter, 25¢ per lb;

eggs, 20c per dozen.





 





 





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1017-1061 Lock Street. Cincinnati, Ohio





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You get the highest prices and the

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than any house in the wor d. The big.



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While work is slack. do some trnpping. It pays big.

Use Funsten Animal Baits. $1.00 [rt-l'call. Gunmnteed

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Traps Furnished at Factory Prices

Write toda for Catalog E, New Trnfifer's Guide,

Game Laws, ur Market Reports and S pping '1‘

ALL SENT FREE.





( )

flatten Bros. ‘00-. 228 Elm St. St. loflfiflo.





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 





‘mAPPER‘s

LiUiUE





 





 





rnAppEns GET; READY

BIG MONEY INFURS





 





Over ten million dollars will be paid totrappere of

fur bearing animals during the coming winter. Any “

man or boy living in the country can add a goodly

sum to his earnings b tritiyfnn durm spare nio-

ments. WefurnlshAB 0L ’ E Yr’itE acomplene

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We receive more furs direct from trapping grounds

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F. c. TAYLOR 8: co.

GREATEST FUR HOUSE III THE WORLD

:40 Fur Exchange Building. St. Louis. Mo.





 





 





 





 





Highest Prices Paid forall kinds of

RAW FURS





We remit

prompt-1y on re—

ccipt of skins,

and give fair

assortmchts.,~, ,

(lur athlixznlclitfi'

to the rank of"“





 

 





 

 

 





nial, we would refer you to any mercantile

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(1. GAUDlG 45: BLUM

125-127 W. 27th St. N. Y. City





importers and Exporters of new Fun since 18”.

Warehouses: llEPZlG-lONDON—PARIS—BERLIN





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BENJAMIN DORMAN, Ina,





IRS-I27 West 26th 88.; New York

References: Any bank or commercial Agency.





We Want HAY&. STRAW





‘ We get the top price on Consignments. make

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Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.





PITTSBURG, PA.

efer to Washington Trust Company. or any bank in city
~ wag: 1wn-,‘*fl:"fi" aw





.';.=4...-.r.._a.,,;_.,_s.,.- ,





x,. .,

I:





854 ' it“! ‘





POULTRYm BEES?





AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALA—A

.





MEETING THE, WIN.TER.DEMAND

FOR YOUNG POULTRY.





 





 





The practice of breeding in late fall or

winter is one which has always to some

extent been adopted by those who go in

for special branches of table poultry pro-

duction, but under ordinary circumstan-

ces the general poultry keeper does not

attempt breeding during the winter

months, especially where his main object

is egg production. In France it is cus-

tomary among poultry keepers generally

not to commence setting hens until after

Shrove Tuesday, and in Denmark I found

that the bulk of the hatching takes place

during the latter part of March and the

month of April. Under these circum-

stances it will be seen that the work is

simplified to a considerable extent, but

that the period during which young fowls

are available for market is considerably

shortened. Still, where} egg production

has been the main object, poultry farmers

have seemer averse to extending the pe-

riod of hatching and rearing, many even

failing to appreciate the necessity of get-

ting chicks out of the shells three or four

weeks in advance of the natural hatching

period if they would insure an egg supply

for the following winter. Anyhow, such

an advance of the hatching season would

hardly be termed winter breeding.





The main purpose in breeding in the

winter season is that of placing upon the

market chickens, ducklings, etc., at a

time when they command the highest

price by reason of their scarcity. This

work has been largely in the hands of

those who may be termed breeders of

table poultry, yet there is no good reason

why the ordinary poultry farmer should

not produce such young fowls for the

winter market.





Increased Interest on Incubator Invest-

ment.

To the man who has adopted the incu-

bator system of hatching, as well as to

the one who contemplates obtaining a

machine during the coming winter, hatch-

ing during the cold months will suggest

some advantagesuaside from meeting the

demands of a good market. It will at

least serve to prevent the incubators

standing idle‘through so large a part of

the year and, under right conditions,

should make them yield a. materially

greater return on their purchase price.

As to whether the conditions and facili-

ties warrant engaging in this line of pro-

duction, however, is a question which

can only be answered by the individual

himself, but there can be little doubt that

there are many farmers who have the

time and can easily provide the facilities

that would enable them to have chickens

and ducklings available at the time when

prices are highest if they would only

take the necessary trouble, and this with—

out seriously interfering with their efforts

at egg production.

il’here winter breeding is undertaken

it is necessary to take steps to carry it

out properly. One of the first things to

consider is the fowls themselves. It has

been proven that we can breed from a

single pen for eight or nine months of the

year, but I question very much whether

this ‘is desirable. A good deal more ex-

perience, especially experience which has

been under careful observation, is neces-

sary to determine the effect of prolonged

breeding upon the vigor of the chickens

so produced. Therefore, I am inclined

to think that wherever winter breeding

is taken up it will be better to use special

breeding stock. In fact, in some direc—

tions it is essential to do so. Take the

case of ducklings; if we go in for breed-

ing ducklings we must have young fowls

to give us eggs early in the season. If

we depend entirely upon older fowls, as

a rule, we shall be disappointed.





Young Breeding Stock Wi1I Do for Pro-

ducing Market Stock.



Under these circumstances breeders

generally are obliged to resort to the use

of young stock in the breeding pens in

order to secure the necessary eggs at the

right time. This in itself is undesirable,

unless the progeny are all to be market-

ed, and should not be resorted to more

than we can possibly help. Very often

the progeny from these young fowls ap-

pear, in the first instance, pretty nearly

as vigorous as those from older stock,

but it is known that there is a certain

amount of loss of vigor as a result of

breeding from immature fowls, and that

this practice, carried out season after

season, has a good deal to do with re-





duced vitality and greater tendency to

disease on the part of our domestic pouls

try. Still, we cannot help ourselves and

must, if we go- in for this branch of the

"trade, utilize the earlier laying qualities

of the young stock.



Where, however, the chief mistake is

made is that, say, a pen is mated in OC-

tober or November consisting of a cock—

erel and several pullets. From these we

obtain eggs which are used for hatching

winter chickens. The right way to pro-

ceed would be, as soon as the older hens

begin laying as they will probably do in

December or January, to break up the

pen of young breeders and make the put-

lets a part of the laying flock. If that

were done systematically and regularly

it would tend to strengthen the race;

but many poultry keepers, finding that

they are breeding good chickens from a

pen of young fowls, and also that the

eggs are coming bigger in size and bet-

ter, are tempted to go on breeding and

producing stock fowls from the pullets

that were mated for the special purpose

named above. This is a serious mistake.

Even in the case of mature fowls there





must always be a tendency towards re-*





duced vitality on the part of offspring if

the parents have been used for breeding

for a prolonged period, but this tendency

is enormously increased in a case of

young stock mated prematurely. There-

fore, what might be done with two-year-

old hens ought not to be attempted with

yearlings or those even younger.

Something, however, can be done in

another way. If a male bird has been

used for, say, three months with a flock

of hens, it is a very excellent plan to

substitute another and in this way bring

a stronger and fresher influence to bear.

As a principle, however, we ought to use

the two-year-old hens and not the year-

lings for producing breeding stock. I

know it is sometimes difficult to apply

this rule, but it is nevertheless one which

should be kept in view. I was interested

to find that in some of the best poultry

establishments in Denmark, the rule is

consistently practiced of using yearlings

only as layers and not employing them

for breeding purposes until twelve months

afterwards. I would like to see this rule





more commonly adopted in our own coun-

try.



For winter breeding we want the prop-

There are many places





er conditions.





 





which would be utterly unsuited to the

production of poultry in winter, and even

such matters as the lay of the land have

a bearing. During the winter it is desir-

able to have as warm a place as we can

secure, naturally warm, that is, net arti-

ficially, and therefore any position which

enables us to getlthe advantage of all

the sunshine that is going, and where

the ground is dry and kindly, will be

likely to yield the best results. On the

other hand, a cold, sunless place, where

the ground is harsh, would not be con-

ducive to success. We do not want a

place which is too much closed in by

woods. In fact, the less we have of woods

in winter, except to break wind, the bet-

ter. Then it is a prime necessity that we

adopt artificial methods, and to that end

the use of incubators and brooders is a

factor which cannot be ignored. Anyone

who took up winter production of poultry

and was dependent entirely upon natural

methods would have to keep a race, of

fowls “Such as the Huttegems of Belgium,

the hens of which become broody after

having laid seven or eight eggs. Artifi-

cial methods are surely preferable to this.

Canada. W. R. GILBEn'r.





THE DUCKS IN WINTER.





 





It is time to prepare winter quarters

for the ducks and to educate them up to

occupying them these cool nights. This

can be done by driving them in for a

few nights and closing the door. It is

easy to drive the ducks wherever you

want them to go. They will soon learn

where they belong and will go in every

night of their own accord.



Many people allow their ducks to wan-

der about at will all day, sleep where they

can at night, and pick up for themselves

what food they can find. This method

may do in summer, but in winter we

must look after them well,'giving them

good quarters and a variety of food if

we are to get the greatest number or

eggs from them and are to realize the

largest amount of profit.



An old house or shed, even though it

is not very warm, will serve as winter

quarters for ducks if it is dry and sub-

stantial enough to give them protection

from cold winds. Ducks can stand a good

deal of cold, as they are well protected

by feathers, but dampness does not agree

with ' them, causing lameness. The

quarters should be kept well bedded with

dry straw through the winter months.

As soon as the old bedding becomes damp

or soiled, replace it with fresh material.



Ducks require the least time and atten-

tion of any fowl. Supplying them with

food and water, and keeping their quart-

ers clean, is about all the attention they

require. Ducks lay their eggs on the

floor, so We need not provide them with

nests.



For the morning meal in winter a mash

composed of bran. cornmeal and cooked

vegetables is excellent. Then give them

a supper of whole grain. Too much hard

grain is not good for ducks and they

should not haVe more than one meal a

day of it. Between meals they may be

given some cabbage to work at. The

ducks must have plenty of water while

they eat. A good supply of grit should

be kept before them also.





Indiana. WM. PURDUE.





ROOF WINDOWS AS A MEANS OF

ADMITTING SUNLIGHT.





 





 





 





The accompanying reproduction of. a

photograph taken upon a farm in Gratiot





county shows a section of a poultry house.





which is unlike most

poultry houses in the

provision made for ad-

mitting sunlight to the

building. The builder

of this house, instead of

depending entirely upon





windows in the walls,

devised a satisfactory

way of inserting win-





dows in the roof of the

building. The house was

covered with prepared

roofing material and

this was so fitted about

the frame or rim of the

window as to obviate all

chance of leaking, a diffi-

culty which in the past

has caused the con-

struction of roof win-

dows to be looked upon

with disfavor. A good

tight sash was then

hinged to the upper edge

of the frame, this sash

being large enough to

extend beyond the frame

on all sides. The sash

is fastened down securely during inclem-

ent weather and thrown back, as shown

in the picture, on warm sunny days.





 





NEEDS OF POULTRY AFTER THE

RANGE SEASON.

v————.



It goes without saying that winter prO-

duction of eggs is a craft about which

most of us are woefully ignorant. In fact,

there is no part of poultry raising that

requires more skill and judgment than

winter feeding. In these times, when

fresh eggs readily command remunera-

tive prices, it pays to cast about us and

find out if possible what methods of feed-

ing and what varieties of feed will pro-

duce greatest results.



In summer time, especially where hens

are running at large, provided a reason-

able allowance of grain is fed they will

balance their ration and the question of

egg supply is practically solved. With

poultry kept in confinement, of course,

the question of proper balance is ever

present. The feeder who throws out a

quantity of corn or other grain to his

hens and says poultry feeding is easy, is

laboring under a mistaken idea which





Sinus a Deon-Sealed .. 3

_ Cough in a Hurry





Remedy for Silo-Money Ro-

funded If It Foils.





 





 





Cough medicines, as a rule, contain a '

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‘ will surely be rebuked or disputed by the





give a ration in which the fat-producing





 





 





egg supply.



The shell of the egg is largely com-

posed of lime, and no other known ele-

ment will form the shell. So. if we have

eggs at all they will have soft shells un-

less the lime content of the food is

ample. The feathers, the white of the

egg, the lean meat and muscles contain

a large proportion of nitrogen, and that

element must be present in the food in

order to produce a. healthy, well-developed

hen capable of egg production. Chemists

call this element protein, but a simpler

form of English is muscle-making mate—

rial. The fat of the body is made from

sugar, starch and like materials. which

are known as fat-makers, but they can

by no possibility produce either lime,

white of the egg, feathers or muscles.

So we have only to exclude the foods

containing these latter elements, and





elements predominate to make the hen

stop laying and put on fat.



When the food is so prepared or com-

pounded that all the above elements are

present in proper proportion, and there

is not an oversupply of one or a lack of

another, it is said to be a balanced ra-

tion.



Left to run at her own sv'veet will and

seek the food she desires, as insects,

weed seed, grass, etc., the hen is smart

enough to balance her own ration and

will do so, provided the foods are obtain-

able. She is endowed with instinct to

properly supply her needs and so com-

bine them that every requirement is sut-_

isfied and all parts of the body are suffi-

ciently nourished; and this fact is the.

principal reason for the feast of eggs in“

summer time and the famine in winter. I



l





 





Now what is the remedy, and how may

we reverse conditions sufficiently at least ,

that the egg basket may be filled in win-

ter as well as in summer? In a general

way we cannot do this in the fullest sense

of the word, for the reason that in cold

climates we cannot give the fowls sum-

mer conditions in the winter time. We

may, however. remedy present evils and

make a. long stride toward the desired

goal by simply getting down close to na—

ture. This means that we must .closely

study the hen, her habits and require~

ments. It also means that the foods must

be so selected that they shall combine, in

proper proportion, all the essential ele-

ments that go to make up the well de-

veloped business hen.





Wayne Co. J. E. Monsm.





PREPARING BEES FOR WINTER.





As to passageways through the combs,

there is difference of opinion. However,

my experience leads me to conclude that

they are unnecessary. It is true they af-

ford an opportunity for an outer portion

of the cluster to reach an adjacent inner

comb space, if the bees happen to be lo-

cated directly over the passageway and

the weather is warm; otherwise, they

serve no purpose. I have settled down,

for my owu part, to using a woolen

blanket or carpet cover, placing on toy

of it porous and absorbent material, such

as sawdust, chaff. cut straw and forest

leaves. The woolen material next the

bees conveys the moisture to the other

side of the piece of blanket or carpet,

where contact with the absorbent mate-

rial causes it to pass upward, so render-

ing it harmless to the bees. I suppose

there is the slightest possible ventilation,

a sort of slow percolation of air and

moisture, but it works well, provided the

entrance of the hive is not too narrow

and contracted. Bees exhale vapor, and

when this vapor strikes the cold walls of

the hive it; sometimes congeals into frost

there, melting into water and running out

of the hive as soon as the weather is

warm enough. Sometimes it merely con-

denses into water and runs out of the hive

as soon as enough is collected. Whether

cold or warm, this vapor is being sent off

at all times, only when it is warm enough

it does not condense into water or ice.

often mistaken for mold.



The bees must be kept dry and also

warm. A substantial hive, with a tight

roof, will keep rain and snow from the

cluster. A few inches of dry porous ma-

terlal, such as chaff or ground cork,

packed between the cluster and the roof,

will have a good effect in keeping the bees

comfortable by allowing the moisture to

pass off slowly. A draft would be injur-

ious. I advise'a windbreak of some sort

on the north and west sides of the hives.

Also guard against mice; have the hive

entrances shallow and long, rather than

round. In conclusion I would say, do not

delay in preparing the bees for winter

Commence early and feed it necessary.





Nature would cover them with

shells, like nuts, protecting from





moisture, mildew, dirt and





insects.





Just so are Unceda Biscuit protected b the

moisture-proof, dust-proof package. t keeps

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flavor and goodness till used.





Think it over and you will always

buy the protected kind





U_needa

Biscuit _





 





 





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(28)





Y—VYVVVVYYYYVYYVVYV‘VVYVV





> ' " 1

> .

HORTICULTURE

4

FEEDING THE SOIL FOR FRUIT

GROWING.





 





 





 





 





The above is far from a new subject.

To these who have been carefully follow-

ing this line for several years the follow-

ing article may contain little new. In the

older fruit sections of our country this

subject, has been under careful advise-

ment for a long time and problems that

have been fairly solved in many places

may be just now presenting themselves

to others.



The soil question is the greatest sub-

ject before the American people. today.

Local in its manipulation, far-reaching

in its aspect, and to a high degree the

victim of every tiller of the soil, this

question comes to us with appalling com-

plexity. A community becomes great in

any line in direct proportion to the way

the rank and file of its farmers apply

themselves to the many problems affect-

ing maximum production. Hence the first

fertilizer we must use in fruit growing,

is brains, and it is the very best article

we can commend.



A good soil, locally speaking, is one

that contains all of the elements neces-

sary for crop prcduction in such a shape

that they can be readily assimilated and

at the same time furnishes a congenial

home for the plant.



New soils are not necessarily ideal for

the production of fruit plants. Often

they contain too much nitrogen and pos-

sibly too much humus,van(l where new

areas have been badly burned they may

be quite lacking in one or both of these

vital elements. Again old soils that have

been weli'handled may furnish an ideal

location for a fruit area. \Ve must know

as far as possible the conditions neces—

sary and supply those conditions to the

best of our ability.



Some Essentials for Soil Feeding.



1. Learn, as far as possible, the his—



tory of your fruit area. A piece of land





that has been heavily cropped for a long'





period will require different handling

from a like soil recently reclaimed. The

older soil may be short in mineral fer-

tilizers even if a good system of farming

has kept the soil in good mechanical con-

dition.



2. Note the natural formation of the

soil. Soils of either grave] or sandy ori-

gin are likely to run short in potash salts

first and are often likewise wanting in

sufficient phosphoric acid. A clay loam

usually carries enough potash to run it

for many years, while the phosphoric

acid content often runs short with a few

years of heavy cropping. -



3. Note the physical or what is termed

the mechanical, condition of the area.

Mechanical conditions means generally

two things—a soil well supplied with veg-

etable matter, so as to render it loose and

friable, and likewise make it a congenial

place for the trees to live. A soil want-

ing in the necessary vegetable matter be-

comes too subject to changes of tempera-

ture for good results. Also, it is more

easily influenced by drouth. In strong

lands the opposite extreme is easily found

and a soil too rich in vegetable matter

not only causes fruit trees generally to

produce an excessive growth of wood that

is sappy and immature but such condi—

tions rarely produce good fruit buds.



4. Note, if possible, what has been the

behavior of similar soils in the past un-

der like conditions. Observation in this

line may Save some serious mistakes in

subsequent operations.



It is a matter of common observation

that soils vary greatly in their wearing

ability. A soil that is quick to feel the

drain of constant cropping must be more

heavily fed than stronger soils. How-

ever, it is axiomatic that a system of

fruit growing that soon exhausts a poor

or light soil must in time render the

stronger areas unprofitable. Michigan's

fruit belt is already old enough to have

many of her best orchard lands complete-

ly worn out by intensive cultivation. Ev-

ery careful student of the soil has come

to recognize thorough tillage, or cultiva-

tion of the soil as an exhaustive process.

The farm or orchard that is run under

neglect is being robbed of its virgin fer-

tility much less rapidly than is a similar

piece of land subjected to the most in-

tensive methods in constant cultivation.

Do not let me be misunderstood, for best

results the fruit area must have in the

The

resources that we tap in so doing are

our “stock in trade." Nature does not

object to our drawing on the reserve, she





only requires that, . like our bank def





posits,‘ we must keep the balance on the i





right side or we must in time come to

grief. ‘



It is evident from the foregoing that it

may take years of mismanagement on

some strong soils to bring mistakes to the

surface. As a people, traditionali’sm and

prejudice rules us to a high degree. The

simple subject of feeding the soil often

stirs up more feeling in a farmers’ meet-

ing than a heated political debate. The-

ories are attractive but often misleading.

Liebig’s theory of mineral manures was

fine to contemplate but in practice it

ruined the farms.



Fruit growers’

has proven that: ‘



1. Most soils gradually play out when

subject to a heavy cropping of fruit.



2. The necessary cover crops and ele-

ments can furnish what the fruit plants

must have. I



3. These elements must be carefully

and systematically applied if we would

get best results.



4. TVs learn the personal needs of evn

ery kind of soil in the fruit area by ex-

perimental plot work.



5. We should not expect the chemist

with a sample of our soil to tell us what

it will take one or more years to learn

for ourselves.



Thorough cultivation, then, is our great

recourse to what the soil already has to

give us. It also must conserve moisture,





experience everywhere





THEN MICHIGAN FARMER.





ed. It is easy for the fruit grower to

look well to cultiimtibn, supply eover

crops as regularly as. possible and .rest his

case there. As the strength of a chain

is measured by its weakest link, so in

orchard management the fruit output in

amount as well as quality and appearance

will be measured by the extent of the

essential element of plant food that is

running short. i, If this element is phos-

phoric acid or fi‘otash the application of

those forms of plant food is the most

direct road to better results. There is no

better way to find out what is wanted in

this line than to put the question right to

the trees and plants by taking. different

elements or combinations for different

trees or rows in the fruit area and let

the trees speak for themselves. Often

times the negative results as registered

by a check plot will speak most empha-

tically, for in the last analysis results are

the safest guide. ’



Shiawassee Co.





“——





KEEPING APPLES FOR HOME USE.





C. B. Coox.





 





 





Again this season‘ the apple crop on the

whole is light and the continued rains

and winds are constantly thinning them

more and more, looks as though some of

us, unless we pick immediately, will have

none to gather when the cooler weather

of late October comes. Will apples keep

if picked now? Yes, and no. It depends

altogether on how they are handled and





 





 





 





 





Snow Apple Tree on the Farm of C. B.





20 bbls., Mostly First-class Fruit, this Year.





.1





and help keep the soil in an open aereat-

ed condition. We must supplement this

culture with cover crops whenever they

can be grown to advantage. They fur-

nish some plant food, protect the ground

against frost, check the vegetative func-

tion of the fruit plants when they should

be ripening wood and maturing fruit

buds, and keep the soil in good physical

condition by adding a. fresh supply of

humus.



The leguminous class of cover crops

must be used advisedly in the fruit area.

Where considerable quantities of nitrogen

are needed they furnish it most economi-

cally. But to the grower of tree fruits

on strong soils their use may force too

much wood growth.



_ Stable manure likewise must be regard-

ed as a one—sided fertilizer in the fruit

field and one that mustbe used advised-

ly. On less productive soils there is little

danger from its liberal use, while on the

heavier lands it may be better left out.

The behavior of the trees must be our

guide.



Lime surely has its place among the

list of fertilizing agents for the orchard.

it goes without saying that the land for

fruits must be well drained and sweet.

To keep it so and to subdue any hard

clay areas is the mission of’lime on the

fruit farm.



Phosphoric acid and potash are two.

more elements we must consider in this

article.

that experience has proven repeatedly

may be lacking in our soils in a soluble

or available condition. They are 'most

important elements in the production of

good fruits. An excess of these foods in

the soil is the orchardist's safeguard. In

general, clay soils need phosphoric acid

early in their history while the supply of

available potash may run short later.

Likewise the potash salts must be used

with phosphoric acid on the sand and

gravel soils if we would insure our fruits

against shortage in this line.



The importance of these, so-called, min-

eral elements can hardly be over-estimat-





 





They are the mineral elements





Cook, Shiawassee County, which yielded

Note Portable Ladders Used.





the subsequent method of packing and

storing whether they keep well or not.

Here is a method I have employed of

packing and storing apples for home use

in past seasons when conditions were

similar to those now prevailing and while

it may not be new, it has the virtue of

being cheap and very effective.





Tf not on hand, procure of the grocer

as many new, clean cracker barrels as

desired, they are frequently given away

and seldom cost more than ten cents

each. Be very careful in picking the ap-

ples and reject all wormy and bruised

ones, as they seldom keep well. If in

doubt as to bruised places, as frequently

they do not show when first picked, place

the apples in cold water about ten min-

utes, then drain and wipe dry and the

’spots, if any, will usually show a darker

hue than the rest‘of the apple. I follow

this plan anyway, as it cleans them of

all dirt, rust and other foreign particles

and spores that often prove disastrous

to the packed product. Invert your bar-

rels and bore half—inch holes spaced about

two inches apart through the bottom of

each, at least two or three dozen in all;

now select apples as uniform in size as

possible for each layer and after placing

cxcelsior or straw chaff loosely one inch

deep over the bottom, inside, arrange the

apples in a snug manner but not to bruise

them. Over this layer, place a circular

card or pasteboard, cut to fit and this, as

all subsequent ones, should have perfor-

ations through them to admit of a free

circulation of air, these should correspond

in size to those in the barrel bottom, also

in number. After each layer of apples

are in, cover with the fitted papers until

the barrel is filled flush with the top; this

layer should also be covered with the

paper and afterwards a coarse gunny

sack, one thickness tacked snugly around

the edges of the barrel top. Make a plat-

form three or four inches high on a dry

cellar bottom, two 2x4’s, the desired

length, are just the thing and these are

placed edgewise and parallel about 8 in.

apart, a cleat nailed across each end





 





:





001231, 1911. ,





holds them rig-id. On this the barrels are





placed in a row and the place‘kept Well





darkened and .free from .frost, yet quite

cool and an abundance of pure air always

on hand. They will keep if any apples

keep, and splendidly, too. The perfora-

tions both in the barrel bottomsand the

cardboards permit of a free and contin-

ual circulation of air, which carries off

any and all moisture, foulness, etc., liable

to collect otherwise. The papers keep the

apples in position as well as each layer

separate and tend also to exclude frost

if present. The barrels may, previous to

filling, be lined with paper of any sort if

desired to make them more proof against

inclement weather. I have kept early

September picked apples in this manner

in fine condition until the next spring.

The method is well worth the while to

all who really appreciate the healthful?

ness and enjoyment of eating good apples

through the long winter season.

Gratiot Co. G. A. RANDALL.





A GOOD YIELD.





 





 





The accompanying cut shows one of

our large snow apple trees just before

the fruit was picked this fall. The tree

is probably about fifty years old and a

fine specimen. Heavy feeding, good cul-

tivation, and six times spraying has made

this tree produce over sixty bushels of

apples this year, nearly all of which are

first-class stock. Forty such trees well

maintained on an acre of land would pro-

duce a yield of high quality apples that

would compare favorably with many of

the glittering apple stories that come

from the West and in addition to that,

Michigan puts flavor into her product

that may be equaled but never excelled.



Shiawassee Co. C. B. COOK.





GARDEN TOPICS.

Fall vs. Spring Manuring.



The first essential in preparing the

“stew,” is the capture of the rabbit, and

applying this same principle to soil-feed-

ing, the first and chief requisite is to pro-

vide the manure. With this provision

made the time for applying it becomes

the principal issue at stake.



The writer long ago became convinced

both through experience and practice,

that there is no time like the present,

just now, for this work. Without manure

sheds, with which unfortunately, it is

impossible to keep the manure for “any

length of time without serious loss. Filed

in the open yard, exposed to the elements

the best values either go up in smoke or

leach downward into the yard soil which

we all know has already grown too rich

by the waste with which it is constantly

being fed. If that pile accumulating

there in the yard were only hauled now

and spread, not piled again, on the ground

where it is to finally go, the cost of

hauling would be more than paid in the

better quality of the manure. Suppose

the ground is rolling, what then? Only

let the plow follow the spreading and the

work is all the more complete. And this

we believe, is the best possible treatment,~

eith'er for rolling or level land. I would

not plow deeply, only sufficient to cover

the manure; and this is the best place

on earth, or under it, to winter the next

season’s plant food. Of course, as the

winter advances the accumulations are

increasing; but let that be hauled out and

spread on the level ground as, what can-

not be plowed under is far better spread

upon the soil’than lying in the yard. It

is a matter of surprise to see the man-

ner of handling the manure which is

hauled out of the cities on to adjacent

farms; but by far the greater portion is

left in piles to winter thhs rather than

being spread from the wagon. The result

is a feast and famine combined, part of

the soil is overfed and the balance, which

is the greater part, is left to starve.

Queer economy, isn’t it? But thus it is.



' Keeping Tomatoes. M



It is not a difficult matter to keep to-

matoes up to Thanksgiving and, in fact,

well up to Christmas. As to the manner

of keeping them, I have tried various

and sundry ways, and in divers places.

Many ways are suggested and each writ-

er has thought his the best. I have tried

placing them in layers on’ a litter of

straw in the hotbed and putting on the

sash and have had very fair success.

Others pull the vines and hang them in

the cellar: but my success with this plan

has not been very. flattering. Some pile

the vines (not too thickly), and cover

with hay or straw. This plan I do not

like as the vines, or at least the foliage.

decays very quickly and the tomatoes

very soon go the same way. The most

satisfactory plan I have tried is to take
52.;





.i.





 





g.





 





 





OCT. 21. 1911.





only the best ones and pack in bushel

baskets, putting clover chaff or fine, short

hay between the layers. Cover over all,

,with the chaff or a blanket and sit in a

moderately warm place. I havevhad bet-

ter success with this plan than any oth-

er. If the cellar is too cool, they can be

easily moved to warmer quarters and

they ripen more evenly and with better

color than in any other way of which I

know. However, it is best after all, to

take the fruits from vigorous vines, and





not from those that have exhausted

themselves bearing through the hot

weather. If they can be brought to the





stage of nearly full growth and taken in

before heavy frosts, the majority of them

will ripen under fair conditions and make

very desirable fruits.





Wayne Co. J. E. Monsn.





CANKERS ON APPLE TREESH





 





Owing to the extended damage from

this inconspicuous trouble growers can-

not be too strongly impressed'with the

necessity of getting busy this fall and

winter to aid the apple trees to over-

come the enemy, or to recover from pres-

ent injury. Valuable advice has been

published by the Ohio station at Wooster

upon this disease, which we commend to

our readers. Where dying branches oc—

cur, the cause of local death should be

learned; if from a local dead area with

roughened dead bark one may have rea-

son to suspect apple canker. If at the

same time dead pruning stubs from other

years are found surrounded by an area

of dead bark or wood, then such infection

of the pruning wounds would indicate the

prevalence of this disease. The spores of

the canker fungi are carried by such agen-

cies as wind, rain, etc. Between now

and next March is the proper time to

seek out the cankers and prepare fer their

destruction; better results are promised

by early fall removal. While picking ap—

ples keep eyes open for these contagious

diseases.



Three forms of canker are quite fre-

quent over the state and one of these.

the blister canker, has been found by the

experiment station to be exceedingly

abundant especially on hearing or-

»ohards in southern and eastern Ohio.

Tue black-rot canker and the cankers

caused by the pear blight organism are

well distributed. Other canker forms are

known and all are being studied. All

forms are shown by death of the bark and

threaten the life of the bearing orchard,

they are in a way to inflict heavy losses

if neglected. Blister canker seems to

enter through wounds which are unpro-

tected. To meet canker, early pruning

and burning of the dying branches and

removal of canker spots on living trunks

and branches are urged. The diseased

bark, etc., from such spots must- be burn-

ed if spores are to be destroyed and in-

fection reduced.



Treatment.



The treatment of apple orchard cankers

involves also the treatment of large

wounds or pruning wounds as well as

those caused immediately by the removal

of cankers. Dead limbs will require to

be cut off close to the trunk or large

branch. The same applies in all pruning.

N0 dead stub should remain to open the

way for further infection.



Where local conkers with bark dead to

the wood are discovered upon branches

or trunks, or in crotches, the dead bark

should be removed with a chisel. draw-

ing knife, or other suitable instrument

back to the sound, healthy, living tissue.

When these surfaces, such as those caus-

ed by the sawing off of branches, or by

shaving off all cankered tissue, have be—

come free from moisture and the surface

is dry they should be treated with melted

asphalt or asphalium; the branches should

be removed and the bark from conkers

should be promptly burned to destroy the

spores of the fungus. When pruning in

the fall it will be easy to secure the dry

surfaces spoken of, usually without pre-

paratory dressing. At times when trou-

ble arises from moisture the freshly cut

wounds may be covered temporarily with

white lead paint or linseed oil and Vene-

tian-red, and later treated. Permanent

covering of all wounds is required to pro-

tect from infection by wound parasites.



The asphaltum to be used for dressing

has a high melting point, running from

250 to 285 degrees, or even 300 degrees F.

This is carefully melted until thoroughly

liquid, necessarily in a metal vessel, and

then in this condition is applied by means

of a short brush, swab or stiff broom to

the surface one desires to cover. When

freely liquid a thin coating is run over

the surface—this may be increased by a

second coating after the first has partly





 





   





" THE ‘ MicHicAN





cooled. Of course, the asphaitum should

be put over on the edge of the live tis-

sues, which will usually not be .injure‘d

if the asphaltum is of the right grade.

Asphaltum of low melting point which

has been thinned with benzine, such as

coal tar or regular roofing paints, will in-

jure the living tissue underneath the

bark.



FEDERAL REGULATION OF SPRAY-



ING MATERIALS.





 





"A bill was enacted at the last congress



giving the department of agriculture au—

thority to look after and control insecti-

cides and fungicides entering into inter-

state commerce, and those offered for

sale in the territories and insular pos-

sessions. Under the provisions of Sec-

tion 4 of the act, the department is

charged with the duty of examining spec-

imens of insecticides, paris greens, lead

arsenates and fungicides for the purpose

of determining from such examination

whether such articles are adulterated or

misbranded Within the meaning of the

act, and subsequently recommending

such legal action, if any, as the findings

may warrant. Sections 1 and 2 of the

act are especially applicable to persons

engaged in trade in the above articles

in the territories, and insular possessions

of the United States, viz., Alaska, Ari-

zona, Hawaii, New Mexico, Philippine

Islands, and Porto Rico, in view of the

fact that the manufacture or sale of any

adulterated or misbrandcd insecticide,

paris green, lead arsenate or fungicide

within the territories is punishable by

fine or imprisonment.



An insecticide or fungicide is any sub-

stance or mixture of substitutes intended

to be used for preventing, destroying, re-

pelling or mitigating any insects or fungi

in any environment Whatsoever. The in—

secticide and fungicide board has been

established for the purpose of carrying

out the terms of the act. The board is

composed of four members selected from

the scientific staffs of the department.





" EASTERN APPLES SUPERIOR.





 





The eastern portion of the United States

is coming into its own as to apples. While

the apples grown on the Pacific slope are

splendid in- size and beautiful in color,

those from the orchards of the eastern

states which have been grown under up-

to-date methods are equally as fine in

size and as lovely $0 look upon. The ap-

ples grown under conditions of natural

ra fall also possess a flavor all their

0 n—a flavor delicious to the palate and

one that those of irrigated Washington

and Oregon will never have. This, Sec-

retary 'Wilson says, may be due to some

defect in knowledge regarding irrigation,

but it is true nevertheless. Certain it is

that the fact has been proven by com—

parison, and will be demonstrated when

the seat of government has its first apple

show, which is to be held at Washington,

D. C., in December. Our western com-

petitors have been much quicker to recog—

nize the advantage of high cultivation and





spraying against the codling moth worm





and other pests and diseases; but eastern

growers have now come to realize that

the application of science to apple grow—

ing brings as sure results as it does in

the Chemist's laboratory. Apples are prob-

ably the most wholesome of all fruits, and

thousands of new/ orchards are being

planted every year. Within the next de—

cade the apple will become the king of

fruits as never before.





 





 





EXPERIMENTS WITH LIME-SUL-

PHUR.





 





The department of agriculture has pub-

lished a report of some experiments made

last year in Virginia with lime-sulphur

sprays. In these experiments four appli-

cations of each of the following sprays,

viz., 115250 commercial lime-sulphur,

2:4:50 home-boiled lime-sulphur, and

3:4:50 Bordeaux mixture, were tested on

Winesap, York Imperial, and Ben Davis

apples. Two pounds of arsenate of lead

was added to every 50 gallons of the

spray used. The evidence obtained from

these and other experiments seem to war—

rant the following conclusions: Lime-sul-

phur solution containing four pounds of

sulphur to 50 gallons of spray is a good

substitute for Bordeaux mixture in the

treatment of apple scab, fruit spot, leaf

spot, and cedar rust, but is not satisfac-

otry in controlling bitter rot. When

necessary to spray for bitter rot the early

applications of lime-sulphur for scab may

be followed at the proper time with Bor-

deaux mixture for bitter rot, thus avoid-

ing the russet and yet controlling the rot. .





 





 





m) A 357





 





 





 





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All country roads should





You, Mr. Road Commiss





Write for “éoncrete





to the farmer.





CHICAGO

72 West Adams St.





 





UNIVERSAL Pgsmsu'r





PITTSBURG

Frick Building





 





 

 





1/

(,1, g





\\>\‘T¢/,i/’ZZ” ‘ ~ rm





The Concrete Culvert is an Essential

of Good Country Roads





be permanently improved





by putting‘in concrete culverts. You, Mr. Farmer, and





ioner, know that there is a





big crop soon to be moved. How are your roads?

Now is the time to fix those troublesome spots in the

highway. We will help you.

will send you full information on how to build a sat-

isfactory concrete culvert. We will write you indi-

vidually, giving instructions how to get best results

without the need of skilled labor.





If you’ll write us we





in the Country” 3. book





of 100 pages of building hints of daily use

Mailed FREE on request.





RTLAN D





COMPANY





MINNEAPOLIS

Security Bank Buildlng





‘ annual Output 40,000,000 Sacks





 





 





 





A Thrilling Story





is told by hundreds of Fruit Growers in every

State in the Union from windy Texas to

Washington State of their great achievements

in overcoming from one to fifteen degrees of

frost in their orchards by the use of





The Hamilton Reservoir

,Orchard Heaters.





 





Every grower i‘rccly claims that; his successes

were due almost entirely to the Regulated

Fire feature which permitted him to secure

two. three or own four times as much fire at

the time of most revere frost, the most critical

hour of the night. Munyalso tell us of having

lost their crops by the use of small pots that

could not be regulated to give greater fire to

meet the critical hour. Forever the question

of the vast supremacy of the large Reservoir

Heater with the Regulated Fire has been

established. We have abundance of proof

that the only Orchard Heater equipment on

the market today that afiords the grower

absolute protection aminst the most severe

weather conditions and wind is the





Hamilton Reservoir Heater





either in three or six gallon sizes.



it is the most effective. most economical and

the simplest in construction and operation.



Our new literature is now ready. contain-

ing much of interest to you and expert advice

on these points, which is free. We welcome

your inquiries. Better write today. Don’t

wait. two or three months.



coed Agents Wanted Everywhere.





HAMILTON oncnum HEATER co.,





GRAND JUNCTION. COLO.





 





 





 





will soon be here. We sell



Time to Plant direct to lanter at lowest

rioes for the best. stock. A pie an Cherry Trees Be.

flewh 4c and up. Send for atalnE’w, its valuable to

to you. ERNST NURSEBIES. x 2. Moscow. 0.





— L KIN

APPLE to ES to... ..££..l;°°'.....°r..£.mhngg

wanted. MITCHELL‘S NURSERY. Beverly, 0,





 





 





~81: riutondent or M

WANTED 3b a of gusting anan°3$

3 11 "ii”! 391° ml) state”: '0 I ti ““3



n on son on. n , ox once.

3.18:” expected. Box 492, core Mich. Eager. Denali.





Maple Syrup Makers, Attention!





Tile-Evaporator that lions the Business.





 





 





No better evaporator can be built 'untll someone

produces a better grade of material or discovers a

better rrincrple of evaporation than rapid and shal.

low l-o ling, which prevails throughout our system.

Write for circular and state number of trees you top-

GPIMM MANUFACTURING CO.

619-621 Champlain Ave.. N. W.. Cleveland. 0.





Champion Evaporator





For Maple, Sor‘ghum, Cider

and Fruit Jellies.





Easy to operate.

Saves labor and

fuel. Write for

descriptive cata.

CHAMPION

EVAPORATOR 60.

Hudson, Ohio.





We handle Sugar

Maken’ Supplies.





 





 

   





number

of trees

you top





Make $ 1 000 to $4000





. A Year—night From

. « The Stat.





 





 

 





OM Into Thls

Panel-“lug

Business and

/ E n lo 1 Ho

P loo on f. I

Whllo ”Ili-

lng Bl. Pro-

flu.

Positions are now open in fine new territories—

msybe your own. We start you without capital and you

at once begin earning big money. You can make easily up

to {1000 to $4000 a your, payable as you earn it. No ax-

perlence necessary. Liberal terms—best plans—best goods

—-iowest prices. You under-sell all competitors and curry

staple, wail-known goods.



Be. sure to investigate our proposition— it costs you

nothing. This means a fortune to some men.



No applicant accepted under ‘21 years of sgeoroldsr than

60 you-I. rite y—nou—to Ammonium 0.9!. B





WIM' IEBICIIE 00.. ”SHAW, Ilcliliifl





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





who'r- ros u. s. ARMY—Able-bodiod. un

married men, between the of 18 and 35

oltllons of United States, of good 0 sraoter and tom

habits, who can speak. and on the Eu

For information a If: to Recruiting

, Id 8t" Detroit, 0 .: Hoavenrioh

k. inaw. Mich: Comer & 8 new 8b.!

mm. Mic .; no East Main so. Jackson. lch.





idiom e.
. ‘ .......'...:. .. 1





 





was up...” in“ ..;'~”.m“.“ 'm: ...... T '.





: -_ .... ...._.....





3584 ‘ (30)





APPLE VARIETIES.





c.—_.





I would like your opinion of the winter

Banana apple and the C. de Nantes pear.

Would like your opinion also of the five

best and most profitable varieties of

winter apples to set on light hardwood





land. ~



Traverse Co. W. F. J.



I can not speak of the winter Ba‘nana

apple from experience in handling them.

We have 45 young trees of this variety

set four seasons, and most of the trees

bore a few specimens this year but they

were injured by hail and did not hang

well. most of them being matured and off

by the middle. of September. I amtold

by those who have grown them that they

have a tendency to drop early in this

part of the state, but in Traverse county

they might be more persistent. In ap—

pearance they are much like the Maiden’s

Blush, and have the objection of color to

overcome, as the market at present pre-

fers a red apple. They also have a ten-

dency to 'scab quite badly if not well

sprayed. Their quality is quite good, the

flesh being yellow and quite rich. With-

out a thorough knowledge of the variety

my advice would be to try them on a

small scale first. I doubt if they will

prove as profitable commercially as many

other standard varieties.



I am not familiar with the C. de Nantes

pear. It is quite highly recommended by

a certain nursery in this state, but all

nurseries have a few leaders, generally

new varieties, which they boom and for

which they ask a higher price. It is a

pretty safe rule to steer clear of new and

highly boomed varieties and let the other

fellow pay the advanced price and try

them out, or do it. yourself by setting only

a few trees if you feel the variety is one

of merit. It takes too long to grow a

tree for a grower to try out many novel-

ties on a commercial scale.



It is probable that no two growers

would give the same list of the five best

varieties of winter apples for your sec-

tion. The best varieties for you to set

will depend not only upon your soil and

location, but upon your market. If you

have a local market for your fruit you

can often handle tender varieties or those

which ripen unevenly or special fancy

sorts to advantage when the commercial

grower who depends upon selling to a

shipper or consigning to a general mar-

ket could not use such varieties to ad-

vantage. Some of the varieties which

are classed as fall varieties here are al-

most winter varieties in the Traverse

section, and might prove ‘quite profitable

on some seasons, but I take it that the

question refers to late winter sorts.



I believe one of the best apples for

Michigan is the Northern Spy. It is al-

ways in demand, and the demand is

growing. Our calls locally and for private

shipping orders are about three-fourths

Spys, and if a large proportion of one’s

orchard is Spy the buyers are more anx-

ious than if there are too many green or

poor quality varieties. The Spy is a

standard both for cooking and eating,

and the tree is hardy and long lived. It

has its faults as a commercial apple,

however, being very iregular and packing

fewer firsts than many other varieties.

It is also irregular in season of ripening

and needs two pickings to get the apples

at the proper stage. The keeping quali—

ties of different trees and different apples

on the same tree will vary also, and the

same tree will vary on different seasons,

depending upon the season and the size

of the crop. The Spy.is very late in com—

ing into bearing also, and should be used

in connection With an early bearing filler,

like the W'agener or Jonathan. But in

spite of its faults the Spy is, and will

continue to be, a leading winter apple

for Michigan.



The Jonathan is another excellent ap—

ple, and, although it can not be grown

quite as large in Michigan as farther

south and west, we can get good quality,

color, and keeping qualities, and the dark

red fruit sells well on the market in

early winter and for holiday trade. The

tree is a rather slender grower and can

be used as a filler between the larger

later sorts. I should include the Jonathan

in the five most desirable winter varie-

ties.



'Steele’s Red is an excellent variety and

is grown very well in Michigan, especially

in the eastern part. It has a fine color,

good quality, and runs even in size and

shape. It also keeps well in storage. It

will class next to the Jonathan as a

fancy apple, and if one expects to cater

to the box trade it will make an excel-

lent variety for this purpose. The tree

is a rather slow grower and of.medium

size, not making a good tree in the nur-

sery, but it is quite thrifty when well

started. This variety has a tendency to

scab badly if not well sprayed, but if the





THE MICHIGAN“ PARMER.





orchard is to be given good care the scab





can be controlled.





The VVagener is an apple which works

in nicely in planning an orchard as a fill-

er between larger sorts. It bears early,

and the ‘fruit is of good quality and keeps

Quite well. We find it has a tendency to

produce fruit somewhat irregular in shape

and size, but when well grown will, with

a little grading, produce a nice lot of

fruit. The tree is rather small and not

as long lived as many, hence it works in

nicely as a filler.



The Grimes Golden is one of the best

of the yellow Winter apples and is about

our only fancy yellow apple. The tree is

strong and seldom slyits, and the fruit

even in size and of ex ellent quality. We

have not had much experience with this

variety, our trees being young, but it

promises to be a very desirable sort.



Among other desirable sorts are the

Baldwin, which I hesitate to recommend

highly on account of its tendency to dry

rot and its quality not being the best;

the R. I. Greening, which will grow a

large number of even apples of good size

which will grade well, and the tree grows

low where it can be cared for. Its color

is about the only drawback. McIntosh

promises to be a leader in northern Mich—

igan, especially for a fancy and local

market, and Hubbardston would be one

of the very best if its color were better.

Stark will grow a large number of excel-

lent keeping apples, but its coarseness

is against it.



The list might be increased, but I think

we have named enough from which to

make a good selection. The first five

will not lead the average grower far

astray, but some would prefer to sub-

stitute other varieties for one or more of

these. If W. F. J. will stick to the sorts

that have been thoroughly tried and

proved true he will be safer than if he

does the trying himself.



(‘alhoun C0: S. B. HARTMAN.

PRUNING APPLE TREES AFTER HAR-



VESTING THE FRUIT.





 





W’ould the trimming of apple trees,

after the fruit is picked, be in any way

less beneficial than spring trimming



Lenawee Co. READER.





There is much controversy as to when

is the best time to prune fruit trees.

Many people have decided to their own

satisfaction on one season or another and

declare theirs to be the only time when

this work can be done to the best ad-

vantage of the trees. Others are just as

positive that the time of the season mat-

ters little so long as the trees are dor-

mant, and that the success or failure of

the job depends entirely upon the manner

in which the work is done. Because of

this controversy, it would seem, (since

many prune in the fall and continue to

grow successful crops), that there would

be no danger at least in doing this work

after the apples are secured. Of course,

it is just as essential that the limbs be

cut so as to leave no stub and the larger

exposed surfaces be covered with some

white lead paint to prevent decay, as it

is When pruning in the spring. In fact,

reason would suggest that a little more

care should be exercised, since the time

when nature can begin to cover the cut

surfaces will be delayed five or six

months, and artificial protection should

be provided in the meantime. However,

we believe that our readers would find

no serious handicap in pruning his apple

trees this fall and especially so if he de-

layed the work until the latter part of

November or the first of December.





APPLE MARKET NOTES.

H.— .



Constant rains have delayed harvesting

apples in the Hudson River Valley. Help

is short and heavy winds have caused

much of the fruit to drop. These two fac-

tors will very likely reduce the amount

of No. 1 fruit from this section, while the

elder mill and evaporator will have' a

much larger service to perform.



Buyers are taking advantage of the un-

favorable weather conditions in Central

New York and are securing apples at a

much lower value today than they would

under normal conditions. Prices range

at anywhere from $1.50 to $2.75 per bbl.

delivered.





There has been an improvement in the'





Chicago apple market this past week.

Extra Jonathans are selling at $3.50 per

bbl. Other varieties range mostly be-

tween $2.25 and $2.50, with attractive

lots going at $2.75. '



The failure of the storagepeople at

Dayton, Ohio, to make good on their ap-

ple contracts a year ago has discour-

aged activity in that line this year, and

as a consequence little of this' fruit is

being put away.





 





 





n





001'. 21,. 1911.





 





 





M tam.





, COMPARATIVE CROP YIELDS FOR 1910





Bu. Acre Bu. Acre Bu. Acre Bu. Acre Bu. Acre

heat Oats Barley Rye Potatoes





 





 

 

   





Mr:





 





1m «in» may; ... '00” 7/1,];





 





-Ih... ".13:

INMU'U-a-“W ,I ’1!"





 

   





, I , .qu

fziv‘u‘yll'flmur' '.





Boomer Crops for 1911





Montana this year will have the largest and best

crops in her history. It is estimated 20,000,000

bushels of wheat, which in some districts is run-

ning 50 to 60 bushels per acre, will be produced,

and equally large crops of other grains, potatoes,

and small fruits.





 





Montana Offers Opportunities Unequaleil Elsewhere





Splendid climate—good soil—wonderful crops—

lowland prices—thousands of acres of fertile land

open to entry under the Homestead Act.



Go now, investigate this new country of opportunity.





Low Round Trip Fares





are in effect every Tuesday during October and

first and third Tuesdays thereafter, via the





Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul





and





Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound

Railways

Sendfor descriptive literature andqu information.





P. B. WOLCOTT, Immigration Agent, 750 Marquette Building

F. A. MILLER, General Pauenger Agent, CHICAGO





 





 





 





 





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W





FARMERS’ CLUBS

,.



' aw .

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

‘ TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.



President—B. A. Holden, Wixom.



Vice-Pres.-—J. D. Leland, Corunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Meta-

mora.



. Treasurer—Mrs. Lewis Sackett, Eckford.



Directors—A. R. Palmer, Jackson, Wm.

H. Marks,‘ Fair Haven; C. L. Wright,

Caro; E. W. Woodruff, Blanchard; C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick Hankerd,

Munith.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





Asaoclatlonal Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





PREPARE FOR THE ANNUAL MEET-

ING.





 





Already preparations are well along for

the annual meeting of the State Associa-

tion of Farmers’ Clubs, which will be held

at Lansing in December. These plans,

which will shortly be announced through

this Department, promise a meeting of

unusual interest, at which questions of

the most pressing economic importance

will be discussed. It is not too early for

the local Clubs to be planning for this

meeting. The general custom is to elect

delegates to the State Association at the

November meeting. In some cases these

delegates are left free to act for the Club

on any question which may arise during

the deliberations of the meeting. In other

cases it is considered expedient to instruct

the delegates regarding the ideas of the

local Club upon some one or more matters

of general importance, and in case this is

desired, some preliminary thought and

study should be given to such matters.



Unquestionably it is to the interest of

every local Club to send one or more del-

egates to this meeting. Unfortunately, in

previous years, not every local Club in

the state has availed itself of this oppor-

tunity. It is unnecesary to here enu-

merate the advantages accruing to the

local Club from affiliation with the state

organization, these advantages are too

self-evident to make argument necessary.

The expense of sending deflegates is

small in comparison to the benefits de-

rived, from their participation in the

meeting, by the Clubs: which they repre-

sent. Every local Club in the state should

elect one, and preferably two, delegates

to this meeting on the occasion of the

next local meeting, and should be pre-

pared to advise the delegates so elected if

there are any matters of special import-

ance which the Club desires to have

brought to the attention of the State As-

sociation.



DAY IDEA GROWING.



With each passing year the Memory

Day idea is taking a firmer hold upon

the people of Michigan. The publicity

.which has been given thismovement has





had the effect of interesting city people, as

well as country people, in the proposition





of making the observance of September

30 universal throughout Michigan. This

year the metropolitan press devoted con-

siderable space to giving publicity to this

movement, and in some of the large city

cemeteries special work in the way of

decorating was caried out by the man-

agement, in order to call more general

attention to the event.



In addition to this general interest in

Michigan, an attempt will be made by

Mr. Daniells, with whom the idea origi—

nated, tosecure action by congress at the

coming. regular session setting apart

Septem er 30 as Memory Day throughout

the nati n. This movement should have

the support of every Farmers’ Club

member in Michigan, to the end that this

wholesome idea may become nation Wide

in practical application.





THE MEMORY





FARMERS’ CLUB FAIRS.





 





The annual fair of the Cambridge

Farmers’ Club was held Saturday in con-

nection with the regular October meeting.

A good exhibit of vegetables, canned fruit,





apples, melons, fancy work, etc., was

made. A school exhibit by Miss Florence

Carr was particularly noticeable. A





chicken pie dinner was served, to which

all did ample justice. The judges made

their decisions, giving to Miss Arvah

Hand first prize for largest and best col-

lecti'on, which contained, pie. cake, bread,

fruit, 9. large variety 0f seeds. canned

fruit and flowers. .Alice Shuitz received

the second prize and Vivian Sherrard

third. These little misses" are seven

years old. Roy Laur' and Edgar Hubbard

each‘fzv received a prize of 75 cents. The

older ones were also'given prizes for their

exhibits.



Much more might be said of interest to

members of the Club. but for want of





 





“THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





space, rthe’ regular program was taken up.

. . Nellie Hand presented a paper on

“ ssentials in Poultry Raising,” which

was followed by discussion. C. H. Reed

said wood ashes would drive away hen

lice. Miss Lotta Mason keeps books, so

she knows just how much profit she

makes, sells her chicks as soon as they

weigh one and one-half pounds and makes

money. Miss Ethelyn Shugar sang ”Down

by the Old Mill Stream.” Vivian Sher—

rard recited, “How to Pronounce Gar—

age.” Recitation, “Woman’s Suffrage,”

Julia A. Reed. Recitation, “Too Many

Dogs," Curtis Shepherd. The meeting

closed with song. The November meeting

will be held with Mr. and Mrs. Fred Reed.



North Shade Farmers’ Club held their

annual fair at the pleasant home of Mr.

and Mrs. George Crismore, Friday, Oct.

6. Owing to the very stormy day it was

not very largely attended, although the

day proved to be a very pleasant one to

those who were there. ‘After a big chick—

en-pie dinner was served the exhibits

Were brought in. A fine display of corn,

watermelons, squash, pumpkins, apples,

beets, canned fruit, jellies, fancy work

and fi0wers. The secretary, Mrs. Valols

Todd, then appointed the judges: Mrs.

Frank Ellsworth and Miss Lydia Naldrett.





. There were 25 blue-ribbon prizes award-





ed. George Naldrett and Nettie Todd got

first prize on their beautiful flowers. The

day was spent in visiting, music and eat-

ing watermelons.





 





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.



WIII Hold Jolnt Club and Grange Fair.

~—The VVixom Farmers’ Club met at their

hall, October 11, with a good attendance.

A greater part of the time was devoted

to making further arrangements for our

Club and Grange Fair, which will be held

at the Maccabee Hall in Wixom, October

28. Then question, “W'hat'is the present

outlook for the country.” Generally speak-

ing, the outlook is good. We are capable

of caring for ourselves, live on a higher

plane than they can produce in any na-

tion. During the discussion of the ques-

tion a parallel between the state capitol

and the state was drawn by one of the

speakers. He said the capitol was typical

of the character of the people. The sturdy

columns that supported the magnificent

structure with its marble columns and

scintillating syklight windows, might vory

fairly represent the sturdy farmers who

carry the great burden of the stale upon

their shoulders. If the columns that sup-

port the great capitol building wcre to

fail the whole structure falls. So, if the

farmers fail the whole state falls—Mrs.

R. D Stephens, Cor. Sec.



Farm vs. Business Life—The Salem

Farmers’ Club was pleasantly entertained

for its September meeting at the home of

Mrs. Lottie Hammond. The program

consisted of selections, music and general

discussion of the question, “\Vhich pays

best, farm or business life?” Many in-

teresting points were brought out, all of

them tending to Show a satisfied state of

mind in Salem Farmers’ Club. Charles

Ross opened the discussion with the fol-

lowing points: Statistics show that the

farmer only averages $500 gain each year,

while the laboring man realizes a return

from his labor averaging $600 per year.

The average farmer also gets only about

three per cent on the amount of money

he has invested. This brought on _a

lively discussion. Mr. Vanvoice said this

average is unfair to the farm, as a good

many farmers half work a large number

of acres, thus bringing down the average

of those who make good profits. He said

he had been running a street car before

he was a farmer and often had to work

double time and far into the night. The

farmer doesn’t have to do this. Robert

Ross said he got a lot of pleasure out of

his work, besides a good deal of profit.

He said when you live in the towns a

while and pay the rent you will be obliged

to you will have little profit left. It was

also sugested that much that is of value

to the farm home is not estimated. Such

as a good garden, etc., which greatly adds

to‘ the real farm assets but is not counted

in the average. On the whole, the Club

expressed themselves as well satisfied

with their farm homes and the profits

they are gathering in. The new execu-

tive committee is: Mr. and Mrs. Robert

Ross, Mr. and Mrs. 'VV. B. Rorabacher.——

H. C. Thompson, Reporter.



Will Hold Charity Fair.-——The Rives and

East Tompkins Farmers' Club met at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jones,

October 7, with an attendance of 53. Af-

ter dinner the Club was opened by singing

America, followed by a prayer by the

chaplain. It was decided to hold our an-

nual fair for the benefit of the Friendly

Home for Old Ladies, October 25. After

the necessary committee was appointed

an excellent program was rendered. Aft‘

er the question box, which contained

many interesting questions, the Club ad-

journed to meet with our chaplain and

wife the first Saturday in November.—

lna Stringham, Cor. Sec.



The Retired Farmer.—The Indianfields

Farmers' Club met at the home of Mr.

and Mrs. D. Vanburen, Saturday, Sept,

21. Owing to the very busy time there

were only 50 members and visitors pres-

ent. As the president and vice-president

were both absent, the secretary appoint-

ed 1. N. Taggett to take the chair. The

meeting was called to order by singing,

followed by prayer by Rev. Denman. The

program was opened by a solo by Mrs. C.

Taggett, which was followed by several

good literary and musical numbers. A

discussion which brought forth a number

of remarks was, “Which is the better, to

stay on the farm or go to the city when

one retires?” Some thought there was

no pleasure to go to the city and sit

around and do nothing and be in the

way, while the majority thought it best

to stay on the farm and look after It.

The question box was nearly empty. It

is hoped it will be full, as the next meet-

ing will be an all-day meeting which will

be held at the home of Mr. and Mrs.

Grant Ross—Mrs. J. M. Miller, Cor. Sec.





 





 





 





m





 





Motto—“The Farmer ’is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





Our





THE NOVEMBER PROGRAMS.

State Lecturer's Suggestions for First

Meeting. _



Co-operation Day program, recognizmg

the rapid increase of co-operative enter-

prises.



Debate——Resolved, that to sell farm pro-

duce through co-operative societies, or-

ganized on the Rochdale plan, would be

of more financial value to the farmer than

to increase the production of his farm.



Recitation.



Why can the Grange run a fire insur-

ance company more economically than a

Iarmers’ mutual covering the same terri-

tory?



What are the special features of the

Michigan Grange life insurance company?



loll call—responded to by each member

giving a thought, quotation or instance

of co-operation. ‘



Music, interspersed throughout by or—

chestra and choir.



Cake contest, in charge of social com-

mittee.





FACTORS IN RURAL EDUCATION.—|I|.





 





 





The Grange.



In the preceding articles. bearing the

above general heading, which were pub-

lished in another department of this jour-

nal, I have spoken of ‘the literary or de-

bating society and the singing school—

two institutions which, in their day, ex-

ercised a very beneficial influence upon

those who particxpated in them. At this

time I desire to speak of the Grange, an

institution of the present and one pos-

sessing far greater possibilities for good.

In this connection I shall discuss it main-

ly from the standpoint of education.



There is no obligation more sacred or

more binding upon us as individuals or

citizens of a great republic than to fit

those who come after us rightly to dis-

charge the responsibilities of life. and no

circumstance of the present bears

stronger testimony to the fact of human

progress than our growing interest in

childhood and youth. Notwithstanding

this, thousands of our young people from

the farms fail every year for want of

something which is lacking in their en-

vironment.



The Grange is very properly interesting

itself in this question. The country boy

and girl who have finished the eighth

grade and are not away at school are in

danger if they have not the right sort of

mental occupation. The Grange should

see to it in every community that this is

furnished in some way. Wherever pos-

sible it should promote the literary and

debating society. It should see that sing-

ing classes are organized at all points

where a sufficiently large attendance can

be secured, and should give to each of

these agencies for good its most hearty

support.



I fear sometimes that we people in the

Grange are not actch enough along

many of these lines of human betterment.

I know a grout political party whose ad-





vocates in (-vcry campaign for twenty-

five years, at least, spent much of their

time boasting that it had saved the Un—

ion. Long, long. after the white dove of





peace should have nested among us and

filled our land with her descendants, these





good people persisted in fighting over

and over again the war for the Union.

Like them, wc dwell too much upon our





victories of The past.



The reform of our patent-right laws,

the breaking of a plaster monopoly, the

progress of illiel'slulv commerce legisla-

tion, the 0190 law and free rural mail de-

livery ai‘e monumcnts to the success of

our order and its service to mankind.

But, we may well turn from them all and

ask, what can we do today? How shall

we interest our young people in the call-

to the end that live





ing of agriculture,

stock may be improved, the fci‘ti‘ity of

our soil be maintained and a hungry





world be fed? The boy of today must

know far more about farming as a busi-

ness than his father knew or we shall

come short of these ends. The girl of

today must become a better home maker

than her mother or the forces of evil will

overpower the influence of the home and

moral retrogression will follow. It means

more to be a citizen today than it ever

meant before. The responsibilities rest-

ing upon the shoulders of the individual

are far greater. But we are slow to bear

even the burdens we have sought for our-

selves.



Just a little while ago we were clamor-

ing loudly for primary reform, and now

that directrnomination is a fact. what

are we doing about it? Have we used





 





(31). 359,





the best means at hand to inform our-

selves concerning opposing candidates,

and will we attend the primary though

the day be fair and we have to leave our

work undone? While the “Cod-Con” was

in session we lashed the air into a fury

with our tongues by our demands for a

number of reforms. In some degree we

were successful, but if we had won out

in everything, What would have been the

result? Would our interest in the public

good have been greater, or would the

majority of us have remained inactive,

thus leaving all the hustling and all the





work for a willing, but overburdened,

few?

If there is one thing we need to do





more than another as American citizens,

it is to impress the young with a sense

of public obligation. \Ve need to teach

them the dignity and the joy of service.

Over and over again we need to hear, in

our busy and often self~centered life, the

voice of the Great Master, as He said

,to His disciples while they disputed

among themselves who should be great-

est, “Him who would be chief among

you, let him be your servant."

W. F. TAYLOR.

(Concluded next week).





__





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





 





A New One In CharleVle.—The organ-

ization of a. Grange at Bay Shore, Charle-

voix Co., was recently accomplished by

Deputy Master McClure and County Dep-

uty Newville. A charter membership of

sixty was secured and this new subordi-

nate will be known as Bay Shore Grange.



Chestonia Grange Re-organlzed.—~l)ep-

uty Master V'Varner, of the Grand Tra-

verse region, recently made a trip into

Antrim C0,, and succeeded in I'e-organ—

izing the Grange at Chestonia, which has





been dormant since 1905. This Grunge

starts out anew with a good mcmlm-ship.

Deputy Warner also visited other

Granges in that section and I't‘pnl'lh‘ a

strong sentiment in favor of lilo Grunge

with prospects that during thi- coming

winter there will be scvcml now subordi-

nates organized and placwl on it good

working basis. Modern ('tlIltIlllillIH have

shown the farmers the llcccssil)’ for or-

ganizing and they are (’Hlllltit‘lli that the

desired results can lit-SI be secured

through the Grange.



Grand Traverse Delegates to State

Grange, reccnily elected at the county

convention hold in Traverse City, are Ed—

ward J. McMullen and wife, of Grand





Traverse Grange from the northern sec-

tion of the county and Leonard Baker

and Wife of Fife Lake Grange from the

southern section. The alternates chosen

were John Daw and wife of Elk Lake

jrange and Elizer Case and wife from

Fife Lake Grange. The above named

delegates, along with those elected by the

l’oniona, will represent this county. The

Pomona delegates are It. H. Ellsworth

and wife, of Grand Traverse Grange, and

the alternates, George Arnold and wife of

\\'illiamsburg Grange.



Sumner Grange, of Gratiot Co., last

month completed its plans for a contest

beginning with the meeting of October 14

and ending with the close of the year.

Sisters Myrtle Kneer and Maud l’eacock

were selected captains and the Grange is

equally divided, Sister Kneer’s side fur-

nishing the first program. The points are

to score as follows Attendance 30 each

meeting; roll call response 10; anecdotes,

when not given as roll call, 10; new mem-





‘bers, 200; reinstatements, 100, the monies





to accompany both; recitations, 30; mono-

logues, 50; original poems, for each stan-

za of four lines, 10; original dialogue, 100;

dialogue, for each one taking part, 10;

acting charades, for each one taking part,

30: tableaux, for each taking part, 10:

instrumental music~—S()los, 50; duets, 60;

orchestra, for each one taking part, 30;

vocal music—solos, 30; duets, 40; tries,

50; quartets, 60; quintets, 100; for each

item for Grange Gossip, 20; minstrel group

for each, 30; illustrated songs, 80. At

the end of each month 100 points to be

credited to the side furnishing the best

program as decided by the judges.



Mt. Tabor Grange Homecoming.-—The

members of Mt. Tabor Grange, of Berrien

county, held their second annual home-

coming at their hall on October 12. The

dining-hall had been beautifully decorated

with flowers and fruit, as had also the

Grange meeting room, and an excellent

exhibit of apples, potatoes, corn, grapes

and garden vegetables had been installed.

About 125 patrons and their friends en-

joyed one of the best Grange feasts ever

prepared. The program opened with sing-

ing in which all present joined, after

which Sister Pearl Schriver, secretary of

the Grange, delivered the address of wel-

come. ltecitations by Mrs. John Hollen-

beck, Marion Miller and Pearl Schriver,

and vooal selections by Mrs. Dean Clark

and \Vm. McMellen comprised the enter-

tainment features supplied by local talent.

Deputy Master McClure, who was pres-

ent in the capacity of state speaker, ad-

dressed his remarks to the value of such

annual home-comings, pointing out that

the Passover of the Hebrew race, the

Olympic games of the Greeks, and the

Roman feast days were in reality home-

coming reunions which served to fix the

ideals and develop the best side of these

great nations. He paid a glowing tribute

to the home, to the mother and teacher in

educational matters, and to the great

work of the Grange home and of indi-

vidual homes. He highly commended the

idea of the annual home-coming as it 18

being carried out by Mt. Tabor Grange-

Several applications for membership were

received at this meeting and this Grange

is looking forward to a general revival of

interest In the work of the organization.
WWWWWMWM ,

W W





./ WWW/WW W” W





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and the Household, Ideas in Dress, the Family Table, Profit-

able Occupations, Keeping up a .Small Place, Making Ends

Meet. -





3 Volumes of Editorials





Current Events, Notes on Science and Natural History, the

Doctor’s Weekly Talk on Hygiene and Emergency Treatment.





 





ALL FdR $1.75—AND EVERY LINE WORTH WHILE

Send for, the Illustrated Announcement for I 9/2, Which Tells About It All.





 





EVERY NEW'SUBSCRIBER who at once cuts out and sends this slip (or mentions the name of this pub-

llcatlon) wlth $1.75 for the fifty-two Issues of The Companion for 1912 will recelve also .

ALL THE ISSUES FOR THE REMAINING WEEKS OF 1911. FREE, including the beautiful Hollday

FREE Numbers for Thanksgiving and Chrlstmas. . To GET

THE COMPANION'S PICTURE CALENDAR FOR 1912, Ilthographed in twelve colors and gold. '> , . ,

THEN THE YOUTH’S COMPANION’F’OR THE FIFTY-TWO WEEKS OF 1912—all for only $1.75. ' , V

. Your last chance to get The Companion at the present price. On January 1, 1912 It wIll be I H ‘ I

. advanced to $2.00. Subscribe to,-day.. .. , ‘ ‘llCI7I . ‘





~THE YOUTH’S . COMPANION, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS ,.