.._.r





 





       





/h__1\pyflfivt‘/é§;wg-rrla.Yi





PUBLIS





 





«If/rd





 





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Jourria





' 3i the State.





 





 





VOL. CXXXVH. No. l8. ;

Whole Number 3571.





FARM NOTES.

The Fall Work.



Surely the present season is almost

unprecedented in peculiar conditions; a

comparatively early, and in manylsec-

tions of the state, a wet spring, followed

by an unusually long and severe summer

drouth, which has again been succeeded

by a. period of unusually heavy rains, ac-

companied by warm growing weather.

At this writing. October 20, there has

not been sufficient frost to do any great

damage to vegetation, and many plants,

both wild and cultivated, are still to be

found in bloom. This late fall will un-

doubtedly prove beneficial to the old mea-

dows and pastures when considered in

relation to next year's production, as well

as to the late pasture this fall. The late-

ness of the fall will also give opportunity

for the harvesting of the crops which

was delayed by the rainy weather, while

the ground will be 'in excellent condition

for fall plowing should the weather re-

main ’ open correspondingly .late. Com-

pensation is indeed one of thevgreat laws

of nature, and the fine weather which

has prevailed during the past week should

prove a lesson for the pessimists who





have loudly complained regarding the un- ,





DETROIT, MICH.. SATURDAY, OCT. 28, 1911.





will probably always be a good demand

for first-class seed corn, from which

those who are in a. position to furnish

it may reap a good profit.

Other Seeds for Next Season’s Planting.

In this connection a word with regard

to other seeds for next season's planting

will not be amiss. Many of us are not

satisfied with the varieties we are using;

we want improved seed oats; we want

seed beans that are free from anthrac-

nose; we want clean clover seed for the





spring seeding. All of these can be bet-

ter secured at this season of the year

than at any other and now they may be

purchased direct from some farmer whose

crops have produced well this year, and

can be secured at a lower cost than will

be the case if we wait until spring to

purchase them. It would be the part of

wisdom for every farmer who contem-

plates a change of seed for next year to

secure the needed supply this fall and

store it under favorable conditions so





 





 





favorable weather conditions which pre- 1 .





ceded it.

Curlng the Seed Corn.



The accompanying cuts will illustrate

the method of curing seed corn on one of

Michigan’s seed farms. The method of

storage is so well illustrated as to need

little explanation. The two strings of

wire fence are placed on posts about 20

inches apart and a board bottom is placed

at a suitable distance above the ground.

The corn is shovelled in at the top and

the temporary bin is roofed over to pro-

tect it from moisture. Undoubtedly this

arrangement will cure the corn out much

more quickly and Satisfactorily than the

ordinary corncrib. However, the corn

that is carefully selected on the farm and

thoroughly fire dried, or even air dried

in corn racks, will be likely to retain its

vitality and germinating





 





 





End View of a Seed corncrlb Used by a Commercial Grower.





”.00 A YEAR.

82.75 5 YEARS.





that its germinating power will not be

impaired. This will not only insure a.

more satisfactory supply of seed next

year at a lower cost but will effect a sav-

ing in the time Spent in an anxious search

at the time when the seed is needed for

immediate use.

Preparing for Winter.



During the wet weather of the past

few weeks which interfered with the

work of harvesting the season’s crops to

some extent, opportunity was afforded

for the doing of many odd jobs of repair-

ing which should be attended to before

winter. On the writer's farm this time

was employed in replacing some yard

fences which had become insecure after

some years of service. There is perhaps

no kind of preparation for the winter

season which is more important than get-

ting the fences about barn and yards in

shape to hold the live stock sot-lively

during the season when they are confined

therein. Good hog yards, good cattle

yards, and good sheep are wry essential

and it should be made an item of fall

work to replace any poor fences or repair

any fences or gates that may need at-

tention, before the season comes to con—

fine the liVe stock in the yards and

stables.



Another item which should receive fre-

quent attention as a preparation for

winter is the grading up and filling of

low spots in the yards, so that there may

be as little mud as possible for the live

stock or their caretakers to wade through

before freezing weather comes. It does

not take much time with a good scraper,

or even with a wagon, to move, sufficient

dirt to grade up about the buildings and

yards, provided it is done each year as

it may be needed. It is also a saving in

ultimate repair bills to see that the walls

about the buildings are well pointed up

at least once a year and this is a good

season to give that work attention, as

generally more time can be found for it

in the fall than in the spring season.



There are numerous changes to be

made in the stables each year and minor

repairs to be made to the





 





5.,





power much better than

where cured as herein

described on a commer-

cial scale. This, howev-

er, may prove a profit-

able suggestion for farm-

ers who have a quantity

of well matured corn that

will be husked in the

field and which can be

sorted with a view of

properly curing same for

the seed market next

spring, as there is al-

ways quite a proportion

of farmers who do not

take the necessary pre-

cautions in selecting and

saving their seed to in-

sure a home supply of

seed corn of dependable

quality.



Enough has been said

and written on this sub-

ject, in recent years, since

the important of corn im-

provement to - the agricul-

ture of our country has

been fully' appreciated

and emphasized so that it

would seem that everv

farmer would be sure of

his seed supply for next

'year during the corn har-

vesting season. However,

plans, even though made

with ordinary care will

often go‘wrong, and some

farmers will never learn

to plan on the future as

carefully as they should,

for which reason there





 





Side View of Seed Corncrlb Used on





. _._..... ._._,-_..... ._ hues-u... has“...w...»_:2......_.____._.__... . “any...” ._.....





H.-. “a..- "





 





a Michigan Far-Fri whore Seed Corn Is Made a Specialty.





stalls or stable equipment

which should not be de-

layed until after the live

stock is placed in winter

quarters, and the stormy

weather in the fall season

when one cannot work in

the fields is a good time

to give this work atten-

tion. As a matter of fact,

where these little odd jobs

are given attention as

their need becomes ap-

parent, there will be little

preparation for winter re—

quired upon the average

farm, but if they are al—

lowed to accumulate from

one season to another it

will be found difficult to

place everything in satis-

factory condition for the





 





Winter season without

considerable work.

While the fences are





being repaired about the

barn and stables, it is

good economy to give





some attention to the

field fences as well, not-

Withstanding the fact





that the fields are not

used during the winter.

If there are some broken

or decayed posts in the





fences the winds and

storms of the late fall

and winter will often





cause other weak posts

to be broken and the

Work of repairing will be

greater if delayed until
.n





382 . (2)





spring. These may seem like unimport- field to a. cellar, never covering pits with

ant details with which one should not the dead vines if they are to pitted in

bother until the crops are all secured, yet the field. By allowing them to remain in

the farmer who pays close attention to the ground a short time after the vines

the little details will generally be found are killed. the tubers which are seriously

to be one who is well up with his work affected will develop symptoms of rot so

at all seasons of the year, and these little that they can be distinguished when the

things are as much an indication of the potatoes are picked up. Early planting

ability of the farmer as are the character is a preventive of late blight and probably,

of the crops which he grows. is the reason for the other field men-

Fertllizer for Beans. tioned not being affected, although they



I have 10 acres of stubble that was in may be of a different variety, there be--

fiflgggsrggrlgfiewhéhggvgf‘gdgaoggég ing a great difference in the susceptibility

good enough to leave. I have just rented of varieties to the attacks of late blight.





”"5 farm for five years, and I am under Substitutes for Clover In Crop Rotatlon.

the impression the land is pretty badly

run. Now I want to put this 10 acres meg to the 'dry season, mdst of our

to beans. Will it be a good plan to drill clover seeding is lost, and I write for

fertilizer in the bean rows? If so, how your opinion of a plan I have in mind.

much and what kind? Or would it pay 011? land is finite sandy, and I plan to

to sow early to oats, plow the cats under sow the ground that missed seeding, to

at bean planting time, or say about two peas and oats next spring. This will re-

weeks before? The soil is a sandy loam. place the hay crop and I want to sow

H. W. V, the ground to cowpeas after the peas and





Man - oats are cut, to plow under the next sea-

y bean growers find It profitable to son for corn, the same as the clover sod





use fertilizer on the bean “‘01)- HOW‘ would have been turned under if the clo-

ever, care must be used in applying it as ver had not missed. The plan I have

a considerable quantity of the fertilizer outlined WOHId carry on the rotation the





. l

distributed in the rows with the beans is :32? 3,2131%: and 30:13:33 21;: tfiesktma





likely to injure the germinating power of sow, as they could not be sown much he-

the seed. Some growers follow the prac- fore July 5. and I want to leave them on





- . - the ground over winter, and plow the

tice of distributing the fertilizer in the dead vines under the next spring. Would





bean row and through one drill feed on I be getting as much nitrogen and humus

each side of the row, using about 200 into the land, from an ordinary conea

pounds per acre of 2:8:2 fertilizer. As the crop, as I W00“ from a fall“ clover 305?

y idea carried out would be to put the

bean is .a leguminous .plant nitrogen is corn ground to wheat, top-dress and seed

not required on a fertile soil Where one to clover, making a. three-year rotation.





is certain that the bacteria peculiar to the Jackson 00. F. D

bean plant is present. However, on a While the oats and peas will make a

run down soil, a little nitrogen will aid very good substitute for the clover hall.

in giving the bean plant a good start. the plan 01’ sowing cowpeas as a cropvfor

Results with fertilizer on this and other green manure after the hay crop is re-

crops are more satisfactory where the moved, would not, in the writer’s opin-

land is in a good mechanical condition ion, be very practicable. While, of course,

than where its humus content has been there are exceptions, as a general rule

depleted as is quite likely to be the case ihere will not be enough moisture in the

on this soil. ground after it has produced a crop of

It would not, in the writer’s opinion, oats and peas and is plowed in lnidsnm-

pay to sow oats in the spring to be plow- mer, to make the germination and growth

ed down for the bean crop for two rea- of the cowpeas at all certain. This year

sons. First, they would not get a large it could not have been succeurfully done,

enough growth to add much vegetable and the same is true of .last year in most

matter 10 the 80“: and second. if di’Y sections of the state. Then the cowpeas

weather prevailed the late plowing would should have about all of the growing sea—

be a handicap to success with the crop. son from the first of June to make a

which would hardly be balanced by the maximum growth. _‘

benefit derived from plowing down the It would probably be a better plan and

oats. Rye sown in the fall would be a. accomplished with less labor to disk the

better means of adding humus to the soil ground after the oats and peas are out

where a bean crop is to follow. and sow to m and vetch, if a. legnml-

Buckwheat as a Cover Crop. nous mp is desired, or to rye and n”

thCa?1 you give me anytinfonnfiior}: a; :2 if the soil is not in need of additional

ine org: €to pleovgeaurndgr sci); going] eIs nitrogen, as this will supply a 3006 deal

there any danger of souring the land, of vegetable matter to plow down the

which is a gravely loam? A. F. following spring and can be utilized as

Where buckwheat is sown as a crop to late pasture for sheep and hogs,

plow down the following year, it should In case either vetc'h or some are

be sewn reasonably early, say not later sown as a cover crop for green manure,

than the middle of August. There would it would be a wise precaution to inocu-

be no danger of producing an acid condi- late the soil or seed with the bacteria

tion of the soil, since the best method is peculiar to these plants, as only a corn-

to leave the cover crop on the ground u-n- I)anthely small growth um be made if

til spring before plowing it down. It is the bacteria is not present in the 303

now too late to sow such a crop this»

season, and there are better crops to

grow for this purpose, except where one

desires a. catch crop under conditions Not entirely a new line of business,

where there is but a brief season for yet one that conditions have favored

growth. within the past few years is that of re-

constructing farms. Helrship property,





 





RECONSTRUCTION 0F FAR MS.





 





Potato Bllght.





I have six acres of potatoes on sand managed by tenants; non-resident and





militant: mm m... Where





days they have nearly all died, although Conditions were good. dilapidated build-

there were a few little spots which were ings and accessories made up the field

evidently killed by weevil earlier. Upon operations. The men who have seized





examining the potato stalks I find a soft ,

place about two inches from the ground these opportunities have been farmers





and the stalk is hollow nearly all the who had capital or credit and a. genius

way to the top, but cannotidfififi ancy 11:23:: for building.

i); yoelfvtliillll‘kutlfigl. is gliog‘lit. Ae neighbor In “mom "”3" W1 ”3'50” were

told me that blight caused the stalks to is a desire to build. and stamp individual-

be hollow always. Another field of pota— ity on construction work. In the earlier

toes within1_20 rods WhiCh were “13:55: days of agriculture the farm building was

$1.2229a33lsterhféfheisyfileediff in... a series or growths almost hke that or

would be any more danger in keeping a tree, a little each Year, and additions

the potatoes over winternthalli asi lihtoggg rather than a comprehensive whole. Too

3:3 3:321 iglfisneslmlellaluglziobst as IIslitgong as often the near completion marked the

when they are frozen. death or the weakness 0f 888 0f the

Allegan Co. C. E. W. farmer, who, when just ready to enjoy

From the description given the rapid life, was unable to do so. There were,

progress of this disease and the very indeed, the tragedies of life, as compared

noticeable odor from the decaying vineS. to the conditions under which the recon-

it appears that the trouble was the late structor works. One large old house re-

blight or rot of the potato. This is a ceived the attention of carpenters and

fungous disease which grows through the concrete men, and in 60 days it was a

entire plant, both leaves and stalks, and modern residence completed, while the

might cause the peculiarity in the stalk original had been nearly as long in build-

which is mentioned in this inquiry, al- ing as was the temple of Jerusalem. The

though this is not one of the effects by old siding was removed and concrete put

which its presence is recognized. . on expanded metal lath, the interior

The late blight, however, kills‘a field of modernized, concrete porches, walks, etc.,

potatoes quickly when it once gets 8 added to the appearance of the residence.

foothold. A potato crop which has been The barn was placed on a concrete wall,

killed by the blight is not as desirable windows made numerous, concrete floors,

for winter storage as one which has ripen- tank for water and all modernized as far

ed naturally. The best authorities rec- as possible to utilize existing structures,

ommend not digging the potatoes for and at the minimum of cost. This place,

about ten days after the vines are dead which before had been of ill repute as a

where they have been attacked by blight. farm, had the finishing with (If tiling and

and then digging and removing from the fencing, and for every dollar spent in





O





‘ THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





reconstruction two dollars were received

when the place was sold.



The reconstructor of farms enjoys not

only the work. but secures the profit. He

is selling the results of his skill and me-

chanical ability, and at the same time

carries on farm work. The professional

contractor cannot compete with him,

for he has teams, tools, wagons and la-

bor, and utilizes these at unseasonable

periods of farming. The art and skill

is in adaptation of existing buildings to

modern conditions, and these conditions

are so varying that it finally molves it-

self into the personal equation.



The buyer of these reconstructed farms

finds a place which suits his ideas. The

permanence of the work makes him feel

that the repair bills will be of little con-

sequence for many years and that he is

justified in paying the price. The ability

to operate a farm with modern equip-

ment makes farming a “going business,”

rather than a struggle under conditions

less favorable. The work of the farm re-

constructor corresponds in a measure

with the systematizer in manufacturing

business, or rather, added to this, the

application of correct mechanical ideas

to permit a. modern system of farming.



The work of the reconstructor is an ob-

ject lesson in the community in building

and planning farm working conditions. The

advance in farm prices in the final analy-

sis is in most cases more of an advance

in the improvements on the farm in

buildings, fencing and drainage, roads

and location than in' actual soil areas.

Farmers who have good buildings, con-

structed during a period of lower prices,

when selling are cashing in labor and

materials bought low and sold high just

as'much as the increase in price comes

to stocks or merchandise when the price

goes up. While, aside from the subject

matter, it would be well for insurance on

farm buildings to be increased to approx-

imate present prices, rather than those

of former years, since to rebuild is done

at greatly increased cost.



Shmwassee'Co, JAs. N. MCBRIDE.





SOME LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE.





 





I have noticed that in two articles, one

written a year ago and another this year.

by S. B. Hartman. he states that m can

badly blown down a corn binder would

not work satisfactorily. Now, I think

there must be a difference in binders in

this respect. Our binder will pick up corn

that is flat on the ground, unless it lays

perfectly flat lengthwise of the row, and

in drilled corn this would be impossible.

It knocks of! a few more cars on down

corn than it does on good standing corn.

The main benefit we get from a corn

binder is its ability to pick up down corn,

as we are still husking by hand and it

cuts dowri corn just as fast as it would

if it stood up good.



Every fall many a field has failed to

produce a good crop because it was plow-

ed too late. The owner had so much to

do that he just couldn’t get that last field

in on time, and there was no use of let-

ting it lay over because it wouldn’t pro-

duce hay, so it was planted anyway. NOW

lots of times something happens that de-

lays us so that one will see even the best

of farmers in this fix. Some do let it

lay over and cut a quarter of a. ton of

June grass for hay, or even a. fair crop

of timothy, and then have trouble with

wireworms and cutworms the next year.



But we had a little experience two

years ago that makes me think that in

such cases the old-fashioned summer fal-





low is the line of work to follow in suche





cases. On the first of June. we still had

a 12-acre field to plow. It was a. piece

badly infested with ragweed, Canada

thistles, and other weeds and wouldn’t

even make pasture, so we started to plow

it. After getting five acres plowed we

were delayed unavoidably for a few days,

so we decided to fit this piece and put it

into beans and let the remaining seven

acres lay idle. About the first of July

we plowed the rest of the field and rolled

and dragged it at odd spells during the

remainder of the summer. On Septem-

ber 1 we drilled it to wheat. We har-

vested seven bushels of beans per son

from the remaining five acres and by the

time we got this piece ready for wheat it

was October 1. The following year we

got 30 bushels per acre from the summer

fallow and about 10 bushels from the late

sown bean ground wheat, and this year

the clover still showed big on the sum-

mer fallow as compared to the bean

. We hear the summer fallow spok-

en a as being obsolete, but it pays, in

my estimation, when you can’t get a

mop in on time,

We had a peculiar experience with





oer: 28, 1911.





beets this year. We have a inns-acre

field with a six-inch tile running through

the middle of it. that always carries a

running stream of water. This field was

used in a rotation of potatoes, com, and

this year beets. Never before have crops

planted over this tile in any way molest-

ed the tile, but this year those beets

plugged that tile from one end to the

other with fine roots, just like an elder

bush will. We have had beets over tile





before without any damage being done. .





but those tile were dry during the dry

part of the summer while this tile carried

water all the time, which probably ac-

counts for it. I think this is the last

year we will put beets over tile carrying

spring water. .





Montcalm 00. R. B.





 





LOCUST‘ A PROFITABLE TIMBER.



When my father bought our present

home 32 years ago there was one small

locust tree growing on the farm. The

land where it grew is high and sandy

and not very rich. That one tree has

spread until we have a good-sized, grove

of handsome trees. They have all come

from suckers; though they seed abund-

antly, they have not spread from seed.

They have proved such a blessing we do

not grumble much. at having to cut them

when they spread where we do not want

them.



To anyone not acquainted with their

habits, their quica growth is marvelous.

The tallest shoots started this spring are

eight feet high. We have» used timber

from this grove for years to repair barb

wire fences where the original cedar

posts have decayed, and last year made

80 rods of new fence, most of the posts

being locust.



There are about 50 good-sized trees

left and many small ones. We always

peel the posts, thinking it pays in the

end. When the sap starts in April they

peel very easily. The posts check the

first year and many of the staples have

to be replaced. The timber is very hard

and, after it is seasoned, it is difficult to

drive staples in it.



Where the trees grow very close to-

gether we fancy the borers do not work

as badly, though we have had few killed.



The largest tree we cut last year Was

20 inches at the stump. It branched

eight feet from the ground. The butt

made six large posts, and the branches

were large enough to split. That one

tree made 33 posts and 27 stakes large

enough for repair work. The trees grow

tall, as tall as white or black oak grow-

ing near them. They are taller than any

I have ever seen elsewhere. Perhaps the

chickens using the grove for shade has

made the difference. The stump of the

original tree is three feet, it divided near

the butt and grew in three parts. Where

they grow close together they make

straight, handsome trees, are self-trim-

mers and the fuel is excellent.



Tuscola Co. G. A. Jomvsorr.





___._.





CONCRETE FLOOR FOR CORNCRIB.





 





 





A very good foundation and floor for

a cornerib is made of concrete. I have

been troubled with rats working under

my corncrib, and destroying considerable

corn, so I finally took the board floor

out, and placed cobble stones all over the

ground on the inside and about six inches

outside all around. Then I sifted gravel

over the stones and sweptt it into the

crevices, then covered this with about

one to four concrete, until the stones were

covered. Then I plastered this all over

with a one to three mixture. I think

when this gets dry and I fill the corncrl‘b

with corn, the rats will not pull it down

under the crib, through the floor.



Shiawassee Co. B. S. FOSKET.





 





cX'rA LOG NOTICES.





 





Hamilton's Red Book on Orchard Heat-

ing, published by the Hamilton Orchard

Heating 00., of Grand Junction, COL, is

a ill-page illustrated booklet which dis-

cusses every phase of orchard heating and

illustrates the economy of giving this sub-

ject merited attention.



A Quarter-Centennial Souvenir, pub-

lished by Clay, Robinson & 00., Union”

Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., is being dis-

tributed to the patrons of this firm and

other interested people. It contains the

history of this firm’s progress during 35

years. until it reached an aggregate of

$105,000,000 of business in 1910. In addi-

tion it emtains much valuable and inter-

esting information for live stock men with

fird to the personnel of this progreuhe»





The Nelson Tank Heater, manufactured





by the Nelson Manufacturing 00., Deer:

field, Wk» is fully Med in a lllus- '





trafed folder which will be sent the





above firm on application. It shows the.





two styles of the Nelson Tank Heater

adapted to different types of water tanks.





 





 





 





 





 





- ._.<x_',“





 





i,

i





ALA"...—‘-.-v,
‘i

I

'l

l

I





E“. _.__.____.__<





->".. x. a... , ‘





 





 





OCT. 28, 1911.





HOW MUCH WORK SHOULD A MAN

ACCOMPLISH?

\ Please let me say a few words in your

journal. I read with much interest the

questions asked by T. E. M. in The Farm-

er of October 14, and also the answers

given by Colon C. Lillie, and would like

to add some comments to Mr. Lillie’s an-

swers. Undoubtedly, Mr. Lillie is a farm-

er with much experience, but I think he

follows the old way of farming and uses

the old day’s tools more than the prac-

tical farmer ought to do. Now, in farm-





' ing, as well as in anything else, we ought





to try to get as much profit and as much

work out of our hired help as we possibly

can, without hurting them or the teams

they use. This being granted, the ques-

tion might properly arise, how can we do

this? '



Touching the answer Mr. Lillie made

to T. E. M., I will first say that in regard

to plowing, the 12-inch bottom plow and

the horses hitched to it are both old-

fashioned and hard work on both a heavy

team and on the best hired man that can

be found. Now a better way is to buy a.

good riding plow, get a good one of the

best make that money can buy, and get

a 16-inch bottom, hitch three good horses

to it, have your field laid out as long as

80 to 160 rods, and a boy 16 years old

can, with ease, almost every day of the

year, that the ground is fit to plow, turn

over three acres a day. If a man wants

to do more get a plow with a seat on

and two 14-inch bottoms, hitch four good

horses to it, and the same boy can turn

over five acres a day, and both plows will

do good work if the man uses the levers

on the plow whenever it becomes neces-

sary.



And now, with regard to the cultivat-

ing, I have not much to say, only that

seven acres a day is too much for a

single-row cultivator in the small fields

we have here in Michigan, but it can be

done easily with the fields mentioned

above, and even more. In regard to

planting the corn with a two-row, check-

row planter, a man can plant 15 to 20

acres a day as easily in the long field as

10 acres in our small fields.





Now, Mr. Lillie, and perhaps some other

readers of The Farmer, will say the writ-

er of this is doing more Work on paper

than can be done in the field. Yes, dear

reader, I- am aware that it will look that

way to some of you, but I have done it,

both as a hired man and as my own boss,

and I have taken newcomers right from

the old country and trained them to do

the very same thing. I have also mowed

down many a 20-acre field of hay in a

day, with a five-foot mower and cut down

many 20-acre fields of grain with four

horses and a seven-foot binder which, as

I said before, was in long fields. Now,

why can’t the most of us do the same

thing right here in Michigan and save

both our horses and our hired men, our—

selves and our pocketbooks?





Allegan Co. S. B. V.





BETTER BUSINESS METHODS.





 





 





The American farmer can not be suc-

cessful in this hustling, bustling age un-

less he conducts his farm along business

lines. The tiller of the soil who is not

up-tO-date in his business methods will

be left far behind in life’s race for a little

more than his and his family's daily bread

by his more business-like and painstaking

brother. Then it follows, as night follows

dayfthat any plan or method that will

increase the business effectiveness of a.

farmer should be seized with eagerness.

The business methods of successful, up—

to-date, progressive farmers and business

men should be studied carefully and fol—

lowed when it is possible and where they

are practicable.



Authorities claim that 95 per cent of

the country’s business is done by credit

papers instead of currency. How many

farmers are there, influential, wide—awake

leaders of their calling, who do 95 per

cent of their business by means of checks,

drafts and notes? It is a safe wager to

say that there are many farmers who do

less than 5 per cent of their business with

commercial papers, and 95 per cent of the

5 per cent are the checks received from

the live stock and produce buyers and

their own notes issued to settle some bill

long past due. And yet the entire coun-

try is dependent upon the farmer. It is

the farmer who grows the bread stuff and

furnishes much of the raw material for

the large manufacturing enterprises, and

should he not be near the front ranks in

business methods, too, instead of strag-

gling along in the rear ranks.



The live stock buyers and produce

dealers pay for their purchases in many





 





\





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (3)





instances by checks. Business men are

fast adopting the method of paying all

bills without the use of currency. Manu-

facturers often pay their IOng pay roll

by checks and corporations use the check

method almost exclusively. Why should

not the farmer adopt a similar successful

method? There are few points why the

payment of all bills with checks would

not prove practical to the farmer and

many reasons why he would be benefited

from its use.



Where the farmer deposits his money

in the bank subject to checks it is safe

and secure from fire and robbers. As in-

dorsed checks are the best receipts ob-

tainable the liability of paying old ac-

counts is reduced to a minimum. The

check decreases the chances of errors

and does away with the making of

change, a source of frequent annoyance

and inconvenience. This is especially

true when paying off hired help.



The farmer's credit is measured to a

large extent by his bank balance. The

man with the largest balance frequently

has the largest financial influence in the

community. To increase the bank bal—

ance a tendency to economize is fostered

and less money is spent foolishly upon

luxuries, but is invested upon improve-

ments and labor saving tools. When in

need of additional funds, the good de-

positors are given the preference by the

bank.



The use of checks increases the amount

of money in circulation—a very needful

thing in the time of a financial crisis. The

farmer’s surplus or reserved funds for a

rainy day are in the bank instead of

hoarded in old stocking toes, iron kettles

well covered with mother earth, or other

secret places where they do no one any

good are a source of anxiety to the

owners, sometimes of danger.



A good substantial bank improves the

business condition of the community, and

it should receive the support of the rural

population. It is no more than fair that

the farmer should patronize his best

financial friend and counsellor. The bank

is a trusted business counsellor to whom

the farmer can go and find that the

bank’s officials stand ready and willing

to nip in the bud a “gold brick” purchase,

or put the farmer wise to a “get rich

quick” swindle. ‘



XVith the constant use of checks the

exact business method of the banker will

be acquired by the farmer, and as he

goes on in his daily rounds he becomes

more exact and business-like in his meth-

ods of business. Thus, the farmer be-

comes up-to-date by contact with busi-

ness men and business methods. His

farm will be run along business lines and

his prosperity increased, his happiness

enlarged, and the country enriched by

another successful business farmer, who

is not contented to bring up the rear

guard but is out with the scouts, and

ever on the lookout for the good of man-

kind.



Oakland Co.



AN OFTEN NEGLECTED FACTOR IN

BUILDING.





E. S. C.





 





It is very common to see the shingles

blowing off from a recently constructed

building because of the rusting and rot-

ting of the wire nails that were used in

laying them. In like manner wherever

the boards are removed from old fences

or the siding from a building, it will be

noticed where common wire nails have

been used in the construction work that

they have nearly or quite rusted in two.

No construction work can outlast in good

repair the nails which hold it together,

hence, it is poor policy to buy nails which

are sure to prove the weak link in the

chain of construction where a permanent

job is desired. Just why the common

steel wire nails are so inferior in this

respect is not easily explained, but is a

very thoroughly demonstrated fact. To

overcome this difiiculty various prepara-

tions have been used for coating wire

rails so as to render them impervious to

the action of moisture. Various degrees

of success have been obtained in this

connection and the wise builder uses

only coated nails. These may be gal-

vanized, or better yet, covered with a

zinc coating which is impervious to even

the salt laden air of the sea coast. Spec-

ial brands of these nails are now on the

market and are available at a slightly in-

creased cost above the common kind.

But in view of the fact that they insure

the life of all exposed woodwork, econ-

omy can only be secured by their use in

such connection. Buy the best brands of

such nails available, some of which are

now well advertised, and secure greater

economy in your building operations.



Oakland Co. A. R. F.





363





 





Comparison of the Distance Traveled by Earth and Bell Telephone Messages





The Orbit of

Universal Service





These aggregate distances, which

exceed in their total the limits of the





In one year the earth on its orbit

around the sun travels 584,000,—

000 miles; in the same time tele-

phone messages travel 23,600,000,—

000 miles over the pathways pro-‘

vided by the Bell system. That

means that the 7,175,000,000 Bell

conversations cover a distance

forty times that traveled by the

earth.





Solar system, are actually confined

within the boundaries of the United

States.

that has been made towards uni-





They show the progress





versal service and the intensive

intercommunication between 90,-

000,000 people.





When it is considered that each

telephone connection includes re—

plies as well as messages, the

mileage of talk becomes even





greater.





No such mileage of talk could be

possible in such a limited area

were it not that each telephone is

the center of one universal system.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





One Policy One J‘ystem Universal Jar-vi ,.





 





 

   





Big stumps Pulled 3.2..

Quick and Easy £135: "3,,“-





Pulls an acre a day. It .doubles land values. Enables you to

grow crops Instead of paying taxes on land that; yields nothing.





HERCULES





More power than a tractor. 60 per cent lighter

400 per cent stronger than cast iron puller. 86

days" free trial. 3-year guarantee to replace,

free, all castings that break from any cause

whatever. Double safety ratchets insure unfe-

ty to men and team. Accurate turnin means

lght draft. Mail postal for free boo show-

8 photos and letters from owners. Tells

how to turn stumg land into big

money. pacinl introducto ri 0

interest you. Write now. ry p c proposition will

nnncunns no. 00.. 137 ~11“: it.

Centervllle, Iow-





   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 





   

   

   

 





 





‘Sifi? HRIEBS’ GEIEIT TILE IIGIIIIIIE





“ . “a. of $3 to 55 'ef [000, The only farm tile machine that does not

re uire hand tamping; the only farmers’ machine operated b eith-





er nd or ower. Machine makes 3, 4 5 6 and 8 inch tile, 12% nches

long. Our slanted Water-{mitFLEXIBLé 5.45""! holds tile in erfect

shape tillset. No Pallets. a or h



10 days’ trial it does not meet '0 n‘vs REE T III.

with entire satisfaction, return at our expense. 6 price of the ma—





chine will be saved in makin your first 2000 tile. Can You Afford to Be

Without It? Write today for 11 ustrated catalogue.





“Businesses was? 60-.





 





 





HARD Bllllll'l'





Made of best Ohio Clay

Sold in car load lots.

Also manufacturers of





HOLLOW BUILDING BLDG!





- oun TILE usr ronrvrn . “W“ “L5 .............

H. B. CAMP COMPANY, Fulton Bldg" Plttsburg, Penna.





 

   





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.

Eradicatlng Lice from Hogs.





My hogs, that I am fattening for the

November market, are very lousy. They

are infested with a big gray louse. What





can I do to exterminate them? Any ad—

vice will be greatly appreciated.

Ingham Co. 0. J. H.





Ilse the standard coal tar disinfectants

advertised in this paper, one part to 20

parts of water and apply daily until the

lice are exterminated. It will be neces-

sary to continue the applications until

the nits have all hatched out in order

that the eradication may be complete.





Storing and Feeding Beets.



I would like to know through the col-

umns of your paper how is the best way

to store for winter use, mangel wurt‘zel

beets. , W'hen is the best time to feed,

mid—winter or early spring, when feeding,

to breeding ewes? Is there any way to

save beet tops for feed, or should they





be fed as soon as gathered? Would they

be good for milcli cows? ‘

liillsdale Co. C. H. B.





The best method of storing roots for

winter use is in a. cellar to which daily

access may be had. A barn cellar is, of

course, more convenient, and in its ab-

sence a house cellar may be utilized, but

it is not desirable, however, and a cheap

outdoor cellar can be constructed for

temporary use very easily on well-

drained soil. Experiments made at vari-

ous stations with regard to the economy

of feeding beets to sheep indicate that a

small ration of these roots, not exceed-

ing four pounds per head per day, gives

most economic results. When fed in

such quantities they provide a desirable

degree of suculency in the ration, and

enable the animal to get a. much larger

food value from the other feeds used in

the ration. When fed in quantities above

this amount, much less profitable results

are secured.



Care should be taken in feeding beets

to so store them as to prevent freezing

since there is a considerable danger in

the feeding of beets that have been froze

n, especially where fed in liberal quanti-

ties. Preferably, they should be fed in

small quantities throughout the period

of winter feeding rather than at any par-

ticular season during the stable feeding

period.



The beet tops can be utilized by piling

them in small heaps in the field and

drawing them directly to the barn for

feed. They are best: fed in small quan-

tities once each day to dairy cattle, as

deleterious results sometimes follow their

use for sheep, especially where care in

feeding is not exercised.



The Department of Agriculture, has de<

voted seine attention to this problem and

our “'ashington corerspondent advises us

that the Department is about to issue

Farmers’ Bulletin 465 on Experiment Sta-

tion \Vork, containing an item on the

Storage of Root Crops. The best place to

store roots, says the article, is in a root

cellar near where they are to be fed.

Such a cellar may be a part of a barn,

basement, or it may be built conveniently

near to the stock barn. In most places

the root house can be built most eco—

nomically of concrete. Ordinarily cement

is the only material that has to be pur-

chased. The gravel and sand are usually

available at no great distance on most

farms. While the temperature in a root

house should never fall to the freezing

point, it should be at a low point for best

results in keeping roots.



With no cellar available, roots may be

stored in pits. For fall and early winter

feeding they need not be covered to any

great depth. The roots are put in a con-

ical pile about four feet in diameter on

a bed of clean straw, then covered with

a layer of two inches of long straw.

Clean rye straw is preferred for this pur-

pose. The straw at the apex of the pile

is made to form a chimney five or six

inches. The roots are piled as high as

is thrown on the pile to a depth of six

inches. The roots are piled as I... as

possible so as to shed water. When want-

ed for feeding the whole pit is taken into

the barn at once. For early winter feed-

ing the layer of dirt should be thicker,

and in addition a covering of straw or

horse manure should be placed over the

whole pile.



A description is given of a pit intend-

ed to remain over winter, recommended

by E. J. Delwiche, of the \Visconsin sta-

tion. This pit provides for two layers of

straw and two of earth. A ventilator

made of four-inch boards is placed at the

apex. When severe freezing weather sets

in, the ventilator is stuffed tightly with





I





- THE MICHIGANaFARME-R.





ecp





fine hay. In such a. pit roots will keep

without freezing even in the coldest

weather. If desired, the piles may be





made oblong instead of conical in shape,

retaining the gable form. While pits do

very well, so far as keeping the roots is

concerned, it must be understood that

they are but makeshifts at best. A root

house which is accessible at all times is

much more satisfactory and more eco-

nomical in the long run.

KEEP THE PIG GROWING.



These are the days when the fall litters

are to be cared for and given their start

in life, and a good deal depends on the

first few weeks. The faster the young

Dig can be made to grow, in a healthful

and normal fashion, the more profit will

he given to the owner. The mother should

be encouraged to furnish as much food

as possible, by judicious feeding, but it is

important that the young pig be taught

at the earliest possible date to supplement

the mother‘s rations with something more

substantial than milk, and the sooner the

pig can be taught to eat, the better will

be its chances of thriving when it is tak-

en from the mother. A little slatted pen

where the older hogs cannot get, and

where even the hens, if they have the run

of the farm, are barred, can be supplied

to the pig when it is a week old, and corn

which has been soaked to soften it, can

be put in shallow troughs, and a bit of

sweet milk added, just enough to give

the pig a. taste, and make it eager for

more, then, when it has learned to lick

the trough for the milk, a. thin slop, made

of middlings and sweet milk, can be' given

not much at first, for it should all be

eaten up clean before it has a chance to

sour. The amount can be increased each

day, as the pig learns to eat, and its

stomach enlarges, with this kind of treat-

ment the pig will be ready to wean at six

weeks of age, and will scarcely miss the

supplies withdrawn by the removal of the

mother, and will continue to grow rapidly,

if its bodily comfort is looked after. There

are apt to be chilly nights at this season,

and a warm sleeping place should be pro-

vided, and above all else it should be dry.

Ten or a dozen well-fed pigs have a good

deal of heat stored up in their system,

and when crowded together they will not

suffer from ordinary cold, if there is no

draft, and if the nest is dry, but it is ask-

ing too much of a pig, big or little, to

thrive when it has to sleep in a damp

and foul nest. Straw is cheap, and the

bedding should be changed before there

is a suspicion of dampness.



It is surprising how fast a pig can be

made to grow when it is properly fed and

cared for. Several years ago we pur-

chased a pig for breeding purposes, a full

blooded O. I. C., it was born May 21, and

ran with the mother until July 5, when

we got it. At that time the pig weighed

just thirty pounds, and she kept growing,

notwithstanding her removal from the

mother. On August 4 she was weighed

again, and tipped the scales at 64 pounds,

which we thought was doing pretty well,

but she kept growing, and when Septem-

ber 3 arrived she was again picked up,

though she made an armful. The scale

said she weighed 107 pounds, and she was

certainly a nice pig, not too fat, but in

fine growing condition. I regret that we

had no conveniences to keep track of her

weight after that, she was too heavy a

month later to pick up easily, hence I

am unable to state how many pounds she

did gain, but the record shows what good

feeding and good care will do during the

first three months of the pig's life, and

on the average, that is nearly one-half

of the porker's existence, and the most

important half too, for the pig that is

given a good start in life is apt to keep

growing unless conditions are exceedingly

unfavorable. Of course, the fall pig will

need more care but if he is kept comfort-

able, and well fed he will repay with good

interest, the time and expense devoted to

him.





Eaton Co. APOLLOS LONG.





 





For several weeks past farm pastured

cattle have been shipped to market free—

ly from such states as Ohio, Kentucky

and the two Virginias, and these ship-

ments have been large enough to make a

good supply of cheap and medium-priced

beef in the eastern markets. This has

made a smaller eastern shipping demand

at Chicago for low—priced beef cattle.

east. A writer for a live stock Journal

says: “The old days of enormous winter

marketing and packing during cold

months at extremely low prices are past.

The hog business is not so much a. sea-

sonal affair as it used to be. Two crops

of pigs are raised in many places and

there is no reason why there should not

In future be a more even distribution of

supply and demand and prices. Grass,

alfalfa and ge are coming more and

more to be 3‘ factors In pork market-





ing. ”





Hogs

tyeahhyJ





He_





II





W





\ V‘T





 





 





lit-“IDII’IPING TANK on A HOG WALLow





KRESC‘SWHDIP N2.I





WILL DO THE WORK .





THERE. IS NO EXCUSE FOR Lousv MANGV -

'. UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF vou HAVE SOME

. OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH '

WHILE To GET oun CIRCULAR ON

TANKS AND WALLows. IT TELLS

How TO MAKE THEM 0F CEMENT





'KRESO DIP N9 I. i'



IS A REAL NECESSITY” ,

ABOUT ALL LIVE STOCK



FOR KILLING LICE .TICKS . MITES. FLEAS.



FOR TREATING SCAB.MAN6E,RINcwomI.

AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES:



' To DISINFECTJDEODORIZE.“



,CLEANSE. a: PURIFY. “i.





ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED.

IN OUR BOOKLETS . WRITE FOR COPIES '

ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NO]





PARKE,DAVIS 8: CO..





g DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.





 





 





 





 





   





This heater is so constructed that the entire heatl



surface is under the water. Thousands in use in “g

states. 2 weeks free the]. Send for Price and Catalog

NELSON MFG. CO.. 2 Wall St... Deerfleld. Wis.





The Celebrated Shaiifer IIallless Horse-Shoe





Abolishes the crime of

driving nails into the

hoof. More durable ; easily





   

 





 





 





 





 

 

 





WW attached: 100 times cheap-



WeL/I .: or: no more crippled



49‘ a723, ’ . #1.; horses. Everyone his own



AVE MM ““ horseshoor. For price-

list; address





National Nailless Horse-Shoe CO.. Philadelphia. Pa.





TRAPPERSF‘I’I’EEI'I’"





_ And pay highest prices for Coon.

M





 





Mink, Skunk. locum, Muskrat,

and all other Furs, Hide! and

Ginseng. Best facilities in America.

Send for Free Price List and Ship-

ping Tags. No commission charged.





ROGERS FUR ”IPA“

801 I. Ila!- SI. SI. Lou-lo. Io.





 





—1 G-roll McCormick bunker and



For sale redder, r. o. b. Rapid City, 3140;



l—Victpt yioverfih _r 3200; 1 American well drilling



machinojwith .derrick and trucks, 0%. These have



been used some. but are in good repair. Address

J. I1. I'lcFARREN. Rapid City. I'llchltln.



v 10]" ONE Most mclul small tool made;



: Nickelcd Key Ring. Nail Cutter.



w—‘w— 3:): Cleaner. Enter. Pencil Sharpener,



> . .' \VatchCascOpener, Pipe Cleaner.

CianlipperJouIcOpaier ,lo



, (glow-um. Screw Driver. C



II F. Adar 00.,” Dundfl..lcw!cck





 





   

   

 





oer. as, 1911.]





 





limo Ownorl Should Us.





commune

CAUSTIC BALSAM





The Great French Veto Romeo .

A m, SPEEDY & POSIT CURX.





 





b

~§





SUPERSEDES All. CAUTERY 0R FIRING.

Impossiblcto produce any scar or blcmuh.

The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the

Blanca of all linlmontc for mild or severe action.

3‘03! all Bunches or Blemishcs from Hot-u

or c.



As a HUHAN BEHEDY for Rhon-

matlon. Opt-tuna, lore Throat. m.. it

is invaluable.



WE GUARANTEE that one tablo-

spoonful of Coll-tic Balsam will produoo

more actual mulls than I. whole bottle of any

llnlmont or 5 via euro mixture over made.



Every bott c of Onuotlc Hal-om cold II

Wax-ranted to give attraction. Price .1.“

per bottle. Sold by druggistc or sent by ex-

pron, emu-goo paid, with II directions tor In

use. Semi for descriptive olrculm, malno-

nlalamto. Address





“I umm-wmnu OOIMIY, Olovoluld, Olin.





 





 





 





 





Seldom- See"





I a. bi knee like this, but. your horse may

I hovg a. bunch or bruise on his Ankle.

. Hock, Stiflo, Knee or Throat.





Hfififififlfi





will clean them of! without laying the



W m’ horse up. No blister, no hair gone.

[2.00 per bottle delivered. Describe your case for

lpeclal instructions and Book 8 free.



ABSOBB , B..lln.iment for mankind. Bo-

moves Painful Swelling: Enlarged Glands.

Goitre, W Bruises, Va cose Veins, Varicositie

Old Sores. ya Pain. Price $1 and I2 a. bottle

dmgglcts or delivered. Manufactured only by





VLFJWNG. ED. F. .mTcInnIo Sb. SntinnneIdJau,‘





 





 





25 Years of Grand Results





at Litton Ave.

Buflalo, 1‘}. Y.

Mar. 7, 1911.

Gentlemen: I have

used yourSpovin Cure

for twenty-five years

with excellent results.

'1‘. M. Nolan.





Kendall’s

Spawn

Guro





Keeps leg- sound and trim. It will odd mo

dollars to t e value of your horse. The old reliable

remedy for Bpovin. Eugene, Splint. Curb, Swollen

.Jolnts and aneness. ually reliable as house-

hold remedy. At dru gists, $1 - bottlo. Get tree'

book,“A Treatise on t 6 Horse," or writoto— 12





on. B. I. KENDALL CO.. [NOS-0R0 FALLS. VT.





 





 





 





LPEER-lit)"





WOOL SQUARE MARKETS and the "PEER-





HO" Ajax Stable Blankets are the best ,



money can buy. Ono Profit Only—be- I



tween you and the mill. If, your dealer ,‘



does not have our line, we will send him

our special blanket catalog and will

send you one also on request.





PIERSON & HOUGH CO..





DETROIT .





 





MICHIGAN/

a





 





HeaveS

Cured





NIWTON'S IEIEDY 21 3381:3' 5318



removes the cause. Prevent:- and cures Indigestion,

Coughs, an. Death toHoavegI. Removes Intesti-

nal worms gin is an excellent conditioner. Standard

remedy for years. Guaranteed for Hooves. At doolora'

or direct. prepaid 8] a. can. Book explains fully, free.

TM! NEWTON REMEDY 00-. Tolodo, 0M0.





   





lst Semi-Annual Public Auction





 





 





from Cleveland. Oberlin and Elyria.

cent interest.





of Ohio Breeders Company;





125 Head Reg. Holstein Friesian Cattle





Will be sold at the Fair Grounds





Wellington, Ohio, Thursday and Friday, Nov. 9 and III





1] The dispersion of tho herds of T. D. Phelon, Tomes Brothers and C. Low and 10 of the choice

young cows from the famous A. Boswell herd that averaged 10.000 lb. milk last year, makes it

possmle for us to secure this stock. which contains the blood of the most popular strains of the

day, such as Segis, Pontiac and De Re], which has been crossed upon the Ormsby, Lyons,

Clothilde and Netherlands. Such'blood and individuality has never been offered at auction in

Ohio before. 11A son of King Segis.'which is also a grandson of Paul Beets. together with 25 of

his daughters and a grandson of King Segis, which also is a grandson of the great cow Pontiac

Clothilde De Kol 2nd. (37.21 lb. A. R. 0.), with six heifers and 5 bull calves, are to be sold and

many (:211 to 80 131). cows capablle ogdholnorablo A. R. 0. work.

0 wee er, an every anima so 8 all be as re resented. Al '



tesgedlgy a. represerlittggve offrthe Oihio State VeteIi-inarian. 1 over 6 months W111 be tuberculin

ou . ee ranspo on om spot to the fair grounds. free lunch at noon. Wellin onis

mched by the Big Four and Whoelingqf}: Inks Sltlrie R. R. and Cleveland, Southwqcstern Egltectric



erms. months time with a. ' W



B. V. KELLEY. R. E. HAEGER, C. E. BAYLOR. Aucigghg‘dgl. murity a per

G. B. ROICE and FRANK P. SUTLIFF. Managers.





 





QThis sale will be positive regardless

Free hay and bedding for shipments





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





«m-.‘.-
a. MWI.‘-





 





 





OCT. 28. 1911-.

UTILIZATION 'or FEED ev CATTLE.





 





It is a fact of common knowledge that

marked differences exist between indi-

vidual animals as regards the returns

which they yield. for the feed consumed.

A current statement is that a good feeder

has a greater digestive poWer than a poor

one, or that the power of assimilation of

the one animal is superior to that of the

other, and‘it has been assumed that the

advantage of the better type of animal

lay in its ability to produce more flesh or

fat from a unit of feed than could the

poorer one. It has also been commonly

taught, and seems to be generally accept-

ed by animal husbandmen as an estab-

lished fact, that young growing animals

not only make actually larger gains than

more mature ones, but likewise more

economical gains.



The influence of type and age upon the

utilization of feed by cattle has, there-

fore, been investigated by officials of the

Department of Agriculture, and the result

published in Bureau of Animal Industry

Bulletin No.128.



Two steer calves were selected as the

subjects of this investigation, one a pure-

bred typical beef animal of one of the

well-known beef breeds; the other a

“scrub” of mixed breeding. Exhaustive

feeding trials were carried out with these

animals, including 24 experiments with the

respiration calorimeter. Finally the steers

were subjected to a slaughter test, where-

by the quality of the meat and the rela-

tive size of the various cuts were accu-

rately determined. The work is therefore

important alike to the practical feeder

and the agricultural scientist.



The feeding stuffs used were of the

same kind for both animals in all the pe-

riods, and the different grains used were





 





THE MICHIG’AN FARMER.





between the ages of 14 and 39 months,

the requirements decreasing relatively as

the animals matured. The gain in weight

of the scrub as compared with that by the

pure-bred steer consisted more largely

of protein with its accompanying water

and to a smaller extent of fat, and there-

fore represented a materially smaller

storage of feed energy. This was also

indicated ‘by the results of the block test



The animals were killed on January 4,

1908. The scrub was rated as “common,”

and the pure-bred was graded as “prime.”

The total dressed weight and the weights

of the several wholesale cuts show the

considerably higher percentage of dressed

weight in the case of the pure-bred which

is characteristic of the beef animal, and

likewise the predominance of the loin cut

over the less valuable cuts of the fore—

quarter in the beef animal as compared

with the scrub, and the marketable meat

of the retail cuts show that the propor-

tion of more valuable cuts was notably

greater in the pure-bred.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.



This is the time of the year when the

northwestern range cattlemen are forced

to do some lively hustling to gather up

their cattle intended for marketing, and

recent receipts at western markets have

undergone a large increase. Before long

the big end of the supply will be in, al-

though fair numbers are likely to be ship-

ped into the early part of November. The

appearance of large supplies of these cat-

tle tends to hold down prices for cattle

of the grassy kind, and after they are in,

common and medium cattle will undoubt-

edly sell considerably higher.



Horse breeding clubs are to be organ-

ized in every county of Wisconsin, says

Dr. A. S. Alexander, in charge of the de-

partment of horse breeding in the college

of agriculture of the University of Wis-

consin. . The first club was formed in

September at the Dane county fair at





 





 





 





 





A Bunch of Seven Poland Chinas Fed by George Sexton, of Kent County. Com-





bined Dressed Weight at 217 Days of Age, 1,456 lbs.





mixed throughout in the same proportions

for each steer. At intervals during the

time the digestibility of the total ration

and the nitrogen balance were determined

for each animal.



During each of the three winters cov-

ered by the investigation, four experi-

ments were made on each animal by

means of the respiration calorimeter in

order to determine the percentage avail-

ability of the energy of the feed con-

sumed. During the first winter, that of

1904-05, the feeding stuffs used differed

from those employed during the ordinary

feeding. In the succeeding two winters

the grain feeds used were the same, only

the amount differing.



While the results fail to show any ma-

terial difference between the physiological

processes of food utilization in the two

animals, they do show clearly an eco-

nomic superiority of the pure-bred over

the scrub steer, due, first, to his rela-

tively smaller maintenance requirement,

and, second, to his ability to consume a

larger surplus of feed above the require-

ment. Both of the facts tend to make the

actual production of human food in the

form of meat and fat per unit of total

feed consumed by the animal notably

greater by the pure-bred animal.



In the case of the pure-bred animal

especially, and to a less degree in that of

the scrub, rations containing less avail-

able energy and notably less digestible

protein than the amounts called for by

'the current feeding standards for grow-

ing cattle, produced entirely satisfactory

gains in live weight.



A distinct influence of age upon the

maintenance requirement was observed





Madison, 41 farmers entering the organ-

ization. The membership embraces own-

ers of pure-bred stallions, who will work

for the betterment of horse breeding, the

regulation of stallion service fee matters

and other things.



The decreasing marketings of choice,

fat, corn—fed cattle in Chicago and other

receiving points has led to their advance

recently to the best prices seen this year,

and prime grades of beef have shared in

the upward movement.



Inferior old cows on the canning order

are a. drug in the Chicago market and

sell at bed—rock prices. They are avoid-

ed by killers, who will not touch them

except on a very low basis, since they

are likely to be condemned on post—mort-

em examinations.



During recent weeks Ohio, Pennsyl-

vania and the Virginias have marketed

large numbers of pasture—fed cattle, as

well as warmed-up cattle, and these have

helped to fill up the eastern markets with

material for cheap beef.



Silo manufacturers have done the larg—

est business this year they ever experi-

enced, there being a general awakening

among farmers throughout the corn belt

states to their great value in stock feed-

ing. They turn to the silo as a needed

help for seasons of short corn crops and

prospective shortage of rough feed follow—

ing long spells of dry weather. Experi-

ence shows that by the assistance of the

silo, farmers owning high—priced farms

are able to breed and raise beef cattle

profitably.



The average quality of the western

range cattle marketed in Chicago for sev-

eral weeks has been the poorest seen at

corresponding periods in years past, this

being the result of poor grass early in the

season. In fact, all through September

a big share of the cattle were not even

fit for shipping to feeding districts in the

corn belt, as the cattle were too old and

too big-boned to gain in flesh on corn.

For this reason the packers have been in

a position to secure plenty of them for





canning purposes at a. cost down to uh-





usually low figures.





(5) 365





A FEW BIG LEADERS

IN HORSE BLANKETS AND LAP ROBES





From Our Latest and Greatest Harness Catalog





“Aberdeen,” Burlap Body, “D o n C a r l o 8”

Fabric Lined Stable Blanket. Burlap Stable

An extra wide blankelt vgithltwo Blanket.



31/2-inch heavy Web sure ng es ong i 1 1



stay, bound front, snap fastening. $1?” lisgmsigefisfla‘g:



Size, 76 inches long; deep body. blanket lined stable





 





 





 

 





Weight, about 7 blanket, made with

pounds. No spapl front, (two sur—

. cng es on. short

1066454314 stay. Size, 72 inches





Price, each..$1.75 long. Weight, about





41/2 pounds.





No.

| 1066452614





Double Plush Robes.





No. 1066355334 Double Plush

Robe. Fancy two horse pattern on one

side, plain black on the other. Size,

50x60 inches. Weight, about 61/2 pounds.



Price, each.....................$4.95





No. 1066355414 Same as





   





 





 





 





above. but with rubber interlin-

ing, storm and windproof. Weight,

about 9 pounds.



Price, each...............$5.95





“Altman”

Striped

Blankets.





 

 





Strongly made,

gray b o (I i e d

blankets. Fancy





. color striped

. body.

No.

. 1066437214





. . Sizc,76x76inches.

‘ A“ . W'cigéit, it’lmiit 4

W4 lwag&i;;m_r”;v¢ ,poun s. . r ce,

W 572,] each .....$1.00



No. 1066437914 Size, 76x80 inches.

Weight, about 5 pounds. Price, each.$l .25



No. 1066438314 Size, 84x90 inches.

Weight. about 8 pounds. Price, each.$1_75





 





 





The harness you will want for spring work. A full line of it is shown in curing.

handsomely illustrated Harness Catalog, all quoted to you at manufacturcrs' pl‘lt'cs,

one-third less than retail.



“'hcther you buy our goods or not: we are anxious that you should not this big

book, the most complete catalog of harness, saddlery, horse blankets, plush robes,

fur robes and auto robes. No guessing what our robes look like, as they are

illustrated in their actual colors. Send for a copy.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





The knowledge that ordinary “galvanized"

steel nails do not last has cost the home builders of

this country millions of dollars. When they were first placed on

the market their cheapness appealed to many and they were exten-

sively used, but thousands of roofs had to be re—shlngled, numberless

houses re-sided and miles of fences rebuilt. That was because they

rusted -—- could not withstand the attacks of rain, frost, sleet and snow.





Roofs shingled thirty years ago with M. I. F. Co. Zinc

Coated Nails have been found free from rust— just as good

as when new— ready to be used over again.





and the more expensive work of re-roof-

ing. re-clapbonrding and re-Hooring veran-

du. When you build you should specify

M. I. F. Co. nails. For your own use you

can get convenient 25 or 50 lb. boxes of

M. I. F. Co. nails.





In the manufacture of M. I. F. Co. nails

from ten to twelve pound. of pure .zmc

is used in coating each bundredwelght.

They cannot rust. They are as indestruc-

tible no copper nails, and cost only.one-

third as much. They nave roof repairing.





If your hardware deal” z'i'n’t supplied write for your near“! dealer’s name

and our dock, “ Nail Knowledge.” It will [15 sentfree’.





Malleahle Iron Fittings Co., Dept. G, Branford, Conn.





 





 





H rvey Bolster Springs





3 Get more money for your vegetables, fruit, eggs, milk and live stock

by delivering them in first class condition.



RVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS make your wagon a spring wagon—

make it last longer and prevent damage to produce in hauling to market.

They are the Standard Springs of America and are sold under our

positive guarantee to give satisfaction. Ask for special proposition.





t l-muumnuuummInn-muInn-muummImuI-m»
353 " - (c)





kVETERlNARY





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

writ 1r. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

case in full; also name and address of

should state history and symptoms of the

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested. it becomes

private practice. and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





 





 





Milk Fever.—I have a sow that farrowed

on September 24, which was taken with

milk fever and treated by our local Vet.

He thought she would soon recover, but

her appetite seems to be gone and she

has poor use of hind parts. We notice

she is obliged to make several efforts

before getting up. W. N. C., Corunna,

Mich—Feed your sow no corn, but give

her oatmeal and if she does not care to

eat, drench with gruel. Give her 10 grs.

powdered nux vomica and 15 grs. salicy-

late of soda at a dose three times a day.

Apply one part turpentine, one part aqua

ammonia and six parts sweet oil to back

once or twice a day. If her bowels do

not move freely give her 3 or 4 ozs. of

castor oil daily until they act enough. ‘



Partial Dislocation of Stifle.—-I have a

yearling colt that is troubled with a slip-

ping out of stifle joint. I succeeded fairly

well in putting it back into place, but

would like to know how it is most easily

accomplished, and I forgot to say that

both joints are affected. J. K., Grand

Rapids, Mich—The cap is most easily

put back into place when the foot is

pulled well forward and the stifle joint

pushed back, then can is easily slipped

into place. After it is replaced, blister

joint with cerate of cantharides every

week or ten days. \Vhen the hind quart-

ers are higher than fore the joint seldom

disiocates.



Bruised Shin—Bruised Knee—I have a

three-year—old colt that kicked through

stall partition. bruising shin and causing

a soft bunch. The leg stocks consider-

able when he stands in stable, but when

driven the swelling reduces. i also have

another 12-year-old horse that bruised

knee on poke. The knee joint is badly

swollen, the bunch is very hard; he has

been treated by two different Vets. and

neither of them have helped him. \\'hat

would you advise? L. D. (3n, \Valtz, Mich.

Your Vets. may have done all that can be

done for him. However, if you will ap—

ply one part red iodide mercury and eight

parts cerate of cantharides to knee once

every week or ten days it will have a

tendency to reduce swelling. Now your

three—year-old will improve as soon as

you apply equal parts spirits camphor

and tincture iodine.



Nervousness.—I have a mare that

squeals and kicks when tied in barn; she

also squeals and kicks when other horses

go near her or when working double if

her mate touches her. S. 'W., St. Johns,

Mich.-—-It may be necessary to have her

spayed; however, you might try giving

her a teaspoonful of nitrate of potash

and 1 dr. iodide potassium at a dose in

feed two or three times a day. She

should be fed on food that has a cooling

laxative tendency.



Scirrhus Cord—I have a mule colt two

years old that was castrated last spring,

but now has considerable swelling on

lower part of both cords. The Vet. who

cut him used a chain. I would like to

know what can be done for a case of this

kind. C. .I., \\'atervliet, Mich—It will be

necessary to cast colt, cut out bunches

and remove diseased cord. Following

castration the cord does not always re-

tract back into body, therefore it unites

with skin of scrotum, causing a tumor

to grow on its end. Surgical operations

of this kind are not attended with much

risk. Your Vet. can no doubt do this

work successfully.



Loss of Appetite—Torpid Liver.—I have

a five—year—old bull that seems to have

lost his appetite and is very thin. He

has run in a yard all summer and fed

dry feed. \V. \V., Copemish, Mich.—

tiive your bull 30 grs. of calomel three

times a week for one week only; also

give 1 07.. fluid extract of gentian, 1 oz.

fluid extract ginger and 2 drs. iluid ex-

tract nux vomica at a dose in feed three

times a day. He should be fed grass and

roots, as well as some grain.



Open Joint—My seven—year—old mare

was cut on barb wire, wounding lower

part of hock some two months ago and

I have been unable to heal the wound. A

peculiar sort of matter runs from sore

and 1 am puzzled to know what should

be done. E. l... Redford, Mich—«l am in~

(-lined to believe that joint has been

opened. Apply equal parts boracic acid,

powdered alum, oxide of zinc and tannic

acid to sore twice a day.



Mange—Our hogs do a whole lot of

scratching and rubbing against trees and

fences, but appear to be thrifty. Their

skin is rather rough. chapped and scurvy

like. They have the run of an orchard

and around straw stack and are well fed

on ground corn, barley and oats. I am

anxious to know how to eradicate this

trouble. I am thinking of tearing down

old shelters, old rail fences and build new

~—can the buildings be sprayed so as to

destroy this infection? G. \V. T., Char-

lotte, Mich.——Give your hogs cooking soda

in their feed two or three times a day.

A teaspoonful is about the right dose for

a 200-lb. hog. Also apply one part coal

tar disinfectant and 50 parts water, or

apply one part chinosol and 1,000 parts

water. I prefer the last mentioned rem-

edy. An occasional application of vase-

line will have a good effect. Spray fences

and pen with one part coal tar disinfect-

.ant and 30 parts of water.





BELLS’

HORSES





If you wish to have the best

stallion in your community write us

the kind of a horse you want.



Address all inquiries





BELL BROS.. Wooster, 0hio.





 





 





DUNHAM’S





Our summer importation, in our estimation

the best lot. of horses we have ever had at

Oaklawn, has arrived. Numerous impor-

tant: prize-winners are included. then the

high average is the main thing, as every

animal would be a creditiu any herd. ltl‘io Is,





DUNllAMS, Wayne, Illinois.





 





 





SHIBES, STALLIOIS MID MAKES





imported for sale. W. E. McANDLESS. Capac. Mich.





A. A. PALMER é! SONS.

BELDING. MICH.





The Pioneer Percheron Breeders of Michigan.

offer for sale a choioellot. of black





Percheron Stallions and Mares

All registered and young. Fifty head to select from.

FOR SALE 52.3333; piv‘fiih ”é‘c’bféhi





COLLIE puppies. CHAS. A. BEATTY. Milford.Mich.





 





 





 





SPRINGFIELD

STEEL CRIB





It pays for itself





Prevents mould — protects

from rats. mice, lightning

and hurricane. 150 sizes and

styles. Easily erected. You

can husk earlier. Write for

catalog. Wm. Boyley Co.



28 North St... Springfield. 0-





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas Blackbirds and

Prides. only. is headed y rton . a Train Erica.

by Black Woodlawn. sire of t e Grand Chain ion steer

and bull at the International in Chicago. 90.. .

He is assisted by Undulata Blackbird Ito.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionln. Mich.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





AYRSHIRES’0”°°‘ mm ....,



breeds: you bulls

and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. Pou tr . All

pure bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. ich.





~ 1 . l-

Guernsey Bulls Egtfidii‘i’é’afirm .l’h‘li.

0 ENN CLARKE. En“ Cllll'e. Mlcll.





 





— f d . .

3 Guernsey Bull Calves harm‘s". Eff.

generations. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet. Mich.





“Top Notch” HULSTEINS





A fine young' bull from an Advanced Raging-(3" dam.

Pietertje Hengerveld Mercena King 12d. born. ct. 19,

1910; sire,Pietert.je Hen rveld Meroena King: dam

Moonlight Pauline De K0 3d:she has an official reco

at 3 years as followsc—Milk 1 day 64.61ba. milk 7 days

4316 lbs.. butterl‘l days 19.70 lbs. She gave 113‘44 lbs.

milk in 306days in 4-year-old form. His first. b dame

have official records that average over-19 lbs._ butter

in 7 days. His sire is a randson of PietortJe Hen-

gerveld's Count De Kol. w ohas seven da hters with

official records that. average over 30 lbs. utter in 7

days. and 12 daughters that. aver over 100 lbs. milk

in 1 day. He comes from lars& producers ontboth

sides. is a good individual. about three-quarters

white. Price. 51(1)





McPHERSOI sinus co.. Howell, Michigan.





HDLSTEIN BULLS.





1 Grandson of Manor De K0]. 2 years old.



1 Son of Sir KorndykeZPietertie Hengerveld. 14

months old.



1 Son of Angie Manor De K01. 13months old.



1 Son of Sir Jolie Johanna. 10 months old.



rdla Oham ion, out. of a



1 (gongISng-nggmgea galléoBurk. who has four 31lb.

daughters.



4 Grandsons of Pietertje Hongervelds Count. De KO].



7 Sons of Johanna Concordia Champion. the only

bull in service whose two grand dams average

34.06 lbs. butter in 7 days. Also cows and heifers

bred to this bull.



L et me sell you your next Bull or





Bull Calf. I can please anybody.

L. E. CORNELL. - Fayette. Ohio.





HOLSTEIN BULLS





=F012 SALE





Registered bulls from four to ten months old for

sale that are closely related to Hengerveld

De K01, De K018 2nd Butter Boy 3rd. and Colan-

tha 4th‘s Johanna. The dams are heavy milkers

and mostly in the A. R. 0. Prices reasonable.

Send i or list. Bigolow's liolstaln Farm. Breedsvllioflich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Purebred Retinal-ed

H OLSTE IN CATTLE





/ The Greatest Dairy Breed

— ” Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets.

Holsteiml‘riosiau. Am. Box 164. Bradeboro.Vt.





' ' ' l l P 1

Mil Cattle—€332 1.0.2 °.°.3'.a‘§“m’;°f.‘§:.§

vice. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. m —





 

   





 





"OI-STEIN wnuhisti’inmufi °'





56 advanced registry do tori—and t of do I;

of Korndyko Queen not . over °al n... bug} in





7 da . Bectbnedl

d? n. WWDBBL§°E¥LLB§$2rflthim





TOP NOTCH HOLSTElNS

N Holstein Bulls com

bl of cows which now

have in the past held World's Records for

milk and butter f at f ricas. , .

McPflERSO PA is co.. Howell. l'llch.





FOR SALE—833;. llgfifi'il’f’i‘m'fiTfi





producing stock. 0. A.-BBISTOL, Benton. Michigan.





born Feb. '11;



For Sale, Jersey Bull Gal , .1... mg“...

of Merit cow. Grandsi Register of Merit bull.

WATERMAN & WATER AN. Ann Arbor. Mich.

.( uooeseors to MurrayNVaterman .)





LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.





I'Cowe all in yearly test. Four Bulls old eno h for

service. Several s lendid Bull Calves. few

Heifers andg'Heifer alves. guarantee satisfaction

or money refun ed.



COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Michigan.





REGISTERED JERSEYS For Sale—Some combin.

ing the blood of St. Louis and Chicago World's

Fair Champions by HERMAN HARMS. Reese. Mich.





HOLSTEIN BhU-I‘L EALXES- {Kimmy hard to beat

HOfifRT rd"? r'l‘ii'. Edgnfafifohllgghour





 





 





 





 





 





 





prices.





OCT. 28. 1911.





HROPSBIBE yearlings and ram lambs of best wool

and mutton type. Prices ri ht. Write your wants.

Also 0. I. C. Swine. Geo. P. An rows. Dansville. Mich.





The Maple Shropshircs 323$: ‘35:? i2

ens-ling rs and our 3-year~old stock run. bred by



Lavison and 3 red b British Yeoman.



E. E LELAND £8614. Route No. 9. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





Shropshire Bargains:

EWES and RAMS—Forty b stron well covered

yearling rams from im orted s res. Sat sfaotion ‘guar-

anteed. J. E. OTTA AY lb 00.. Flushing. M oh.





i .

snnorsnmr 75%.“.‘3’22... ”83“.. magma

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





 





 





Shropshire Rams for Sale.





AN BOOHER. R. No. 1. Marion. Mich.





HROPSHIBE yearling Runs and O. I. 0. Spring

Boers dz Sows. One yearlin Boar. Shrophire ewe

lambs later. E. E. BEACH a: CH. Brighton. Mich.





 





' at farmers' rices. Have a fine bunch of

Shmfs’l'm: year“ and ram lambaalsc a few oung

bros ing ewes. HA RY POTTER. Davlson. Mich.





lismbonillei [isms-6°“ one at tamer-r

i. _

lambs. A. E. GREEN. Grand-5 fikéllfiggefingfim





Polled Delaine Rams for Sale.





F. L. BROKAW. Eagle. Michigan.





 





 





from 2 to 12 months. and sons

noIStem Bulls of Hengerveld De Kol filling is.

KingOVeeman De Kol. and King of the lIengervel

all in grand old dams. rioes very low.breedln con-

sidered. Long Beach Holstein Farm. Augusta. ich.





 





0R SALE—3 yearli Holstein-Frieda]: bull a1



bred heifers 150 toga» each. Bull calves :0 ”'10

33 years a bree er. Photos and pedi recs on appli.

cation. W. C. Jackson. South Bend. nd.. 719 Box St-





— h

HEREFORDS ES” 312?”;‘1'3 Shall?





China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.





BUTTER BRED mfifi‘éflhm





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allozan County. Michigan.





Dan" y Bred Shortham—a few bred heifers for

Cash or good note. J. B. nollll’hff‘qfisolifl‘mfi:





 





 





 





For 8816— Double' Standard Polled Durham Bulls.

heifers. and cows. Iam closing out.

Write for prices. Sanford Gasser.:Sherman. Mich.





 





—REGISTEBED JERSEY BULL

For sale Choice breeding from best. tested

milkers. A Bargain 1 Call Tel. Hickory—1062 B.

orladdress 38 Campau Bldg.. Detroit. Michigan.





JERSEY BIILLS FOR SALE





Sired by Temisia’s Interested Prince 71648. whose dam

made 733 lbs. butter in one year. authenticated test.

Choice individuals ces Reasonable.





nnooxwmn naming Anson, men. n. F. n. 7.

Register of Merit Jerseys. .2321}. Fill:





lot. of ye bulls from dams with omcinl records

of 4% gmn and I’lfit'lnm of butter.

. F. MARS N. Bay City. Michigan.





FOB SALE—SIX HEB POLLED BULL CALVES





ready tc'use. Oxford ewes. E. S. CARR. Homer. Mich.





—A ure SCOTCH -OBTHORN

For 8313 BU . lyear old October 30. 1911.

fit to head any herd and a show bul . Roan in

color. W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





FOR SAL E-—§ Yearling BED POLLED

if taken now. J. M. CHAgEfisbogil-Sfionlgolflch.



oakdale StOCk Fm-Shorthorn Cattle. Shrop-

bulls for sale. w. J. LESSSIIiTeEliltefigldfiig?vllllghflg





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





SHEEP.





IMPORTED RAMS MID EVIES





Special Offering at Farmsrs' Prices.





Shropshires. Oxfords. Cotswolds. Ham hires. all

ages. Saliendid individuals read for bregding or to

show. ur shoe have .won prizes in the last.

five weeks at as Moines—Bamline—Milwauhee—

Detrott and St. Joe in. the hottest competition.

Sheep sent. to responstble [parties Ion approval at

our risk. Allow us tocuote you prices. etc.





IWM. COOPER & NEPHEWS . .

84 W. Illinois Street IChsicd-i‘ti'. Ill.





 





' ~Yearling and ram lambs from Ch '

LaEGSlers flock of Thumb of Mich. Also seleoBtntlrol:

shire ewtne. Elmhurst Stock Farm, Almont. Mich.





Choice. young. large. heav fleeoed '

20.0ne-third off to quickybuyer. ”Clam. Rams

Write wants to 8. II. SANDERS. Aahtabula. Ohio.





Oxford-Down Shoe “d POLL“

cattle for sale. J. A. DE GARMR MIIIlEIlflHidlliu





PAR80NS 0XF0RnS—QUHHW and satisiac





. tron aranteed. Prxc

will lease you. I ay express gu es





PAR CNS—“The heep Manf‘ Grand Ledge. Mich.





oxford Down Sheeg—Good Yearling Field





R d

for sale. I. R. WATERB Rfmfilghlfgfflfizliligggfi





OXFORD "ms and EWES bred by and ewes bred to





. . i t. . . .

Write B. F. Miller or G. L.mSg(i)lxlaexlle.I-1Irt¥llnli?rbfiad£.





XFORD DOWN RAMS FOR SALE—

0 and lambs. Will sell a few aged ewigaifilistf

tractive [prices 8. E. GILLETT. Ravenna. Ohio.





EGISTEBED RAMBOUILLETS—l t i

R'Barry Co. for 7 yrs. Special prices £23581? 383:ny

Both sexes. all ages. Ira Baldwin. Hastings. Mich.





EG. Bambouillots of the best breedln

R ewes from one to car lot at. reduced prlcgllnfaggi‘l

in Sept. Breeding furnished. All in rfeot. health

Farm 2% miles E. of Morrice. on G. T. ER. and M U.

R. Come and see me or write your wants. Shee .

shipped for i nspection if ordered. J. O. A. COO£





Oak Hill Stock Farm





VON HOMEYEI RAMBOUILLET RAMS

at farmers' rioes f th t. 90

heavy “90003- C or 0 her days. Large. lain.





. E. LOCKWOOD, Washington.





 





APLE RIDG E SHROPSHIRES—F

“1 ram. The Manager. and gearilng 3:331:31? ‘6ng

sired by this noted mm. H. towart, Lennon. Mich.





HROPSHIBE HALL STOCK FARM has a few on".





good yearlin and 2-year-old

price. L. s. DG'NKAM. a .ou’s‘tbiihmhl“





—-Choice earli Sh

Hocklicaders i... “1.? mania-3:." m“





 





 





H008.





 





FOR. SALE. BERKSHIRES—Z boars a 3 giits fax-sowed in June

also a choice lot of Aug. and Sept. pigs, sired by Handsome

Prince 8d & Marion King. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville. Mich.





 





' —Sows bred for fall furrow. Boa i f

Berkshlres fall service. Quality and breedrlp “drill:

class. Pricedmasonable. C. 0. Corey. New Haven. ich.





—Buy a service Boar now,

BOPKShireS cheap. Other stock also

for sale. 0. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





 





 





MPBOVED CHESTER WHITES-Cholco oung

boars of March and April furrow. I will also

sell 10 thorou hbred Holstein cows to freshen in Sept.

and Oct. W. 0. Wilson. Okemos. Mich. Both phones.

ADAMS BROS. Litchfiold. Mich. breed.“ of Imp. Che-tor

White and Tamworth swine. service boars. sows bred or

open. of either breed. Shorthorn Cattle. 8113 Rock. Buff Wynn-

dotte, W. Orpington. Ckls. all breeding stock, leading winners.





PURE 0 l COS—Bred from prise-winners and



o - strains, the uick growthy and

larfie type._ Both sexes not. akin. t is ring fan-row.

Cu or write. F. A. C. Schweiterman. flintezuma. O.





 





’ —either sex. March farmw—tho l .

0- l- cs fifiWifily kind. Right 1: [)0 at farmg’





prices. A. AN. R. No. 1, Mar ette. Michigan.





akin, some fine bred lite choice lot of f i all

ages. OTTO B. 30155:LG Nashville. media.





0. l. G. SWINE‘l‘Joe'ifi’do: $335.3

strolls: bothwinnlos aisitde femalesf 1?“ my price before

you uy. 1'61 rreeoca '

name. A. J. GO DEN. R. No. 2. firffilfil’fils





I. C.'s—Boars all sold. Choice 0 -

0. in 130 alsowAu . tSept. l {git enfgwglfis

no akin. Order early. red Niche . Monroe, Mic ..B.1_





liuroc Jerseys 0"?“ SALE—MA 5”." “pita“..“i‘éi

prices. J. A. MITT R. Siockbgldze. Michigan.





DUROO-JERSEY BOA RS of the large. heav boned

type and good in funny. also gilts and all pigs

. BRA . Okemos, (Ingham Co.) Mich.





D U R O C-JE RSEYS“€§¥AL00F°R



CAREY U. snuonns. Ila-um Mich. ‘

FOR SAL —niunoc-Jnnsnr bred sows.

press prepaid. J. 11. xBfN‘aggllle.llgigil:glPsMifij





for sale. M.





UROC-JERSEYS—flo fine spring gilts. 111 b

D Good individuals; 10 fine hours. bpobgedusovisoo‘lidi:°:d

furrow soon. JOHN MchCOL. R. No. 1. North Star. Mich.





ALNUmL DUBOCS—17 fan

W Mich. Col. for August and 800%.?a'l-sm2rfedlg

spring Elie. both sexes. riced ri ht. rite or come.

J. C. RNEY. CO DWA ER. MICHIGAN.





LARGE TYPE r. eraser MW... p...

m

sows. Weigh 160 to 1751bs. at 4 montl’ilsl.o Metres and

Not hofvzhcheaph but. how good." W.

panacea osewccome an d ntfl

advertise. W. E. LIVINGSTOON. Barmnzg Silica]: I





'BUTLEH’S BIG TYPE POLAND-0Hlill8‘“‘”°v 1mg.)





. qualit



big fail boars at 8%: 100 8 ring pigs .10 to 815: 50 f . ‘

35 each; 50 registered Shrop bucks at $10 to “fillS Eggs

Jersey bulls at'Slf) to 82'); 50 re . Shrop ewes at $10. “a

are the farmer 5 friend. J. Cfi3utler. Portland. Mich.





OLAND CHINA SPRING PIGS r l

Pstock. Also dairy bred Shortliol'gul.1 gel-tall, 232::

all ages. priceslow. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Mich:





_ __ .

Poland Chinas Efi’apiyeiffé?‘ £1“

L. w. BARNEB& SON. Byron. Shiawassee 00.. men:





0. BOARS ready for service. he b0 (1

P. type. Prices right. H. H. 2003311. stagessloll'rgg

L. F. Conrad & 8011.. R. No. 4, Lansing, Michigan.





P. C. Roars and Fall Pigs iifi‘ii‘fil‘hl’li‘i:

nprca fowls. Northru and anada stock. Satis-

tion guaranteed. . W. MILLS-Saline, Mich.





' —Bred from lnr 3 t .

fo‘and Chlnas all z§ea both stages. Rani-Sdg‘l:

pml. W. J. HAGELS AW, Augusta, Michigan.





Big Type P. c. Boars and Sows slaw.





slon. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.





Three Extra Good Fall P. 0. Boars





By Next In Line. 32 sprin male i a read to shi .

I ship 0. 0. D. and furnis pedig‘l'ege pronlptly. ff

you want good as s best. write me for prices.





WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater, Michigan.





—St.ockofnllaesf l P' ‘

Mulgiooi Hog: Best new.“ 13.35223 saiécerlifil‘i;

at. Lima. G. C. KRE L0 . Ada, Hardin 00.. Ohio.





Lillie Farmstead Yorkshires.





Boers old enough for service." A fo b



Fall Pigs. pairs and trios not. skin. I W?“ serloldyogofm

pigs at prices that will on rise you Satisfaction

guaranteed. COLON 0. LILL Coopersville. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





ewes. JONES CMOBBIS . Flushing. Midlihan.‘





, to mention th M' h-

Don t Fail gan Farmer thn lyfou

are writing to advertisers.





9 —Best 1 ‘

0. l. C s For Sale .m,“.‘lt..‘.§i'.‘:.‘.‘° .i'g'lli





 





 





t?

l
*fl‘





 





 





 





 





OCT. 28, 1911.





.‘L‘.'--a' ..





WWW





4

POULTRY 1

WM“.



THE CAYUGA OR “BIG BLACK"



DUCK.



' Several excellent pens of Cayuga ducks

were seen at the recent Michigan state

fair and the specimen shown in the ac-

companying illustration Was taken at

random from a pen exhibited by Mr. E.

J. Haskins, of Hillsdale county. This

breed has been called the “big black” in

distinguishing it from the black East

Indian, a- breed which is sometimes re-

ferred to as the bantam of the duck

family. The Cayuga compares favorably

with the Pekin as to size, the standard

weights of the two breeds being the same

and averaging only about a pound below

those of the Aylesbury, Rouen and Mus-

covy breeds.



There is some question as to how the

Cayuga originated, some holding, it to be

merely a black. sport of the Aylesbury or

the Rouen; others think that the blood

of the East Indian played an important

part in its development, while others be—

lieve that the breed came into exist-

ence through the domestication and im-

provement of the wild black duck. Cer-

tain it is that when this duck first came

into notice it was confined to the region

about Cayuga lake, in central New York,

to which fact it undoubtedly owes its

name. It has been more or less generally

grown for a good many years, notwith-

standing the fact that the color of its

plumage is against it in the eyes of many

practical growers. Duck raisers, like

broiler raisers, are partial to white feath-

ers for market fowlst but





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





spikes, as poultry often will do, particu-

larly in winter when cattle are being fed

upon’hay, or at seeding time when the

spikes of grass in the fields are ready to

shed their seeds, it is easy to see how the

little opening in the proventricle can be—

come blocked; Two or three spikes of

hay or strings of grass stretched across

the opening of the passage will effectively

keep back the rest of the food, and thus

the crop becomes full of food which can-

not pass on. Then this food starts to

ferment and very soon trouble results.



Another way in which it may be

brought about is by poultry over-gorging

themselves, as they will sometimes do

when fed grain, particularly corn. The

crop is the place in which the food taken

by poultry undergoes a preliminary soft-

ening process. The juices of the crop

cause the corn to swell very much. Thus

if a fowl gorges itself with corn, as soon

as the corn swells impaction of the crop

may ensue and we say the fowl is crop

bound.



The way to deal with this trouble is,

first of all, to try simple methods; if these





'are not successful an operation will be





necessary. Take the fowl in hand and

pour about half a teacupful of tepid wat-

er down the throat; work the contents of

the crop with the hand and see if you can

induce the bird to disgorge by holding

the head down. A little practice will en-

able the poultry keeper to do this quite

successfully and, if there be no long

stringy material in the crop, as a rule re-

lief will be given. All that is then neces-

sary is to withhold all. food for a few

hours so as to enable the fowl’s digestion

to right itself.



If, however, the crop cannot be washed

out in this way it becomes necessary to





 





those who have disregarded

this point have found the

Cayuga to compare favorably

with any of the breeds grown

for commercial purposes.

Cayugas are reputed to be

well adapted to the needs of

the grower who desires to

grow ducks on restricted

range as they breed well

in confinement. They are

comparatively quiet and do-

cile, forming a strong attach-

ment for their home and

showing little inclination to

stray. As table fowls for

early markets this breed has

been favorably compared

with the Pekin, the advan-

tage claimed for either of

these breeds being rapid

growth cheaply secured. The

Cayugas are also reasonably

good egg producers, laying

from 80 to 90 in the spring

and frequently laying again

in the fall. The young are

hardy and easily grown,

while the mature fowls lay

on fat rapidly under proper





 





 





 





 





feeding. -



The plumag is solid black with a

greenish luster, the green being especially

noticeable in the coverts and on the neck

of the male. The requirements of the

standard call for black shanks, toes and

webs but dark slate color is permissible.





 





CROP TROUBLES IN POULTRY.



Large numbers of fowls of all ages die

as a result of ti ouble in the crop. This

is really a form of indigestion, but it

arises from several different causes and

in many cases is due ultimately to a dis-

ordered state of the liver. Broadly

speaking, crop troubles are of two sorts:

There is the mechanical form known as

crop binding, in which, for some reason,

there is an obstruction in the passage

leading away from the crop which pre-

vents the passing on of the food; the

other form is what is known as “soft

crop,” which is pure and simple indi-

gestion. I shall briefly enumerate the

causes of these troubles, and the reme-

dies for them, prefacing what I have to

say with the observation that they are

common to no particular season, occur-

ring in summer and winter alike.



Treating Crop-Bound Fowls.



Almost everyone experienced with

poultry has noticed that as a fowl wan-

ders about over a farm it picks up all

sorts of substances. ‘_ These are mingled

together in the cropmgrain, grass, seeds

and grit all jumbled together. From the

crop they pass on to the proventricle,

or stomach proper, which is not a very

large organ in a fowl, as the greater pro-

portion of the digestion work goes on in

the glzzard. Now if a. fowl eats a lot of

grass, or swallows a number of hay





open it from the outside. This is not a

serious operation if it is done carefully.

It must be borne in mind that there are

two skins to cut through, first the outer

skin and then the wall of the crop. A

small opening about an inch in length

should be made with sharp scissors; then

a mustard spoon can be used to extract

the congested contents. This having been

done, a little warm water containing a.

grain or two of permanganate of potash

should be used to wash out the crop;

then the hole must be sewn up. Use a

little silk or catgut for this, great care

being taken to sew up the inner skin

first, and not to allow the outer skin to

be sewn to the inner. This having been

done devise some means of preventing

the fowl from reaching the stitches, and

feed it for a day or two on stiff oatmeal

pellets exclusively.





“Soft Crop” or indigestion.



This is the other form of crop trouble,

and it consists in the crop being always

more or less full of watery fluid, the bag

of the crop hanging down and the fowl

appearing unable to enjoy its food. This

is indigestion pure and simple, and, as

I have already said, it often arises from

liver trouble. The liver, being disorgan-

ized, cannot perform the work which it is

called upon to do; consequently it cannot

take the food from the crop as rapidly as

it ought to take it. v



The best possible treatment in such

cases is, first of all, to starve the fowl;

that is to say, allow it very little food

for a few days or until it has recovered

its normal condition. This may start the

cure, but further treatment will have to

be pursued, and that consists in giving

medicine that will tend to clear the liver.





An occasional dose of epsom salts will do

as much good as anything, there being

nothing better than that for clearing the

liver in poultry. At the’same time a

little powder added to the food, or an oc-

casional charcoal and butter pill will be

very useful, as that will tend to counter-

act the acidity and sourness of the crop.

If a fowl is persistently suffering from

trouble of this kind it may be taken for

granted that it is not likely to prove a

profitable member of the flock and it

should therefore be disposed of at the

first favorable opportunity—I mean,

should be fattened and killed.

Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





-__....__—_._.





PREPARING FOWLS FOR SHOWS.



The winter poultry shows will soon be

in full swing, and as local shows hold out

opportunities to amateur breeders a few

words about properly preparing and con-

ditioning the prospective prize winners

will not be out of place at this time.



The first thing to do is to pick out the

most promising\ specimens, going over

the whole flock, and place them in a sep—

arate pen. Then go over them all again

and cull out those fowls that are off

somewhat in color, shape, color of eyes,

lobes, etc. Repeat the culling process un-

til you get down to the number you in-

tend to exhibit. Now place them in sep—

arate coops so they can be properly

trained and conditioned. Fowls properly

trained and accustomed to handling will

show up to better advantage, and often

will score a. few points higher, than those

not so prepared for showing.



Weigh the fowls to ascertain whether

they are up to the weights required by

the standard. If not, they must be fed in

such a manner as to take on the required

weight in time for the show. If only a

short time remains in which to bring

them up to the required weight they may

be given sweetened milk to advantage.

\Vet mash, consisting of about two parts

corn meal and one part bran and mid—

dlings, should be fed often. Feed this in

a crumbly state and not as a thin slop.

Animal meal or green cut bone should

also be given, but in moderation. Too

much will cause looseness of the bowels.

Animal food will add color to the comb.



Handle the fowls often—several times

a day—while training them. This hand-

ling and training should be commenced

a few weeks before exhibiting. Take a

stick about two feet long and go over

each fowl with this, making it pose so as

to show its shape to best advantage.



Examine the legs carefully. If they

show any tendency to roughness rub them

thoroughly with vaseline. After applying

this.a few times the scales should become

soft and loose ones can then be rubbed

off. Remove all dirt from beneath scales

With a toothpick.



The fowls should, if of a light-colored

variety, be washed thoroughly the day

before sending to the show. For this

washing three tubs of water are required.

The first should be comfortably warm,

the second slightly cooler and the third a

trifle cooler than the second. Into this

third or last tub place about as much

blueing as is used in an ordinary wash.

Into the first tub shave a cake of pure

castile soap.



Two persons are needed to do the work.

Have the assistant hold the fowl on its

side in the tub of warm water while you

open the feathers and rub in the soap

and water. Rub the lather well into the

feathers and always rub the way the web

of the feather runs, to prevent feathers

from becoming broken. After it has been

carefully washed remove fowl to the sec-

ond tub and rinse thoroughly. Be sure to

remove every particle of soap from the

feathers; otherwise they will cling to-

gether when dry instead of iluffing out as

they should. \thn thoroughly rinsed

place the fowl in the blueing water and





rinse again. Remove from tub and

press all the water possible from the

feathers. Then rub gently with a soft





towel or cloth, rubbing the right way of

the feathers.



After a. thorough rubbing place the

fowl in a coop well littered with clean

straw and set it beside a hot stove—just

close enough to be comfortable. As the

feathers dry, gradually pull the coop

back from the stove. To give fluffiness to

the feathers lift them up often and fan

the fowl, thus insuring a thorough drying

of the under feathers. Clean the feet and

toes carefully, rub the legs with alcohol

and polish with a Chamois cloth. Rub the

comb and wattles also with alcohol. ,The

plumage of dark-colored birds need only

be rubbed with a silk handkerchief to

remove the dust and bring out the lustre.



Indiana. 0. E. HACHMAN.





 





 





 





 





There’s a burglar

hiding in your

Chimney ‘





 

 

 

 

 





Next winter he‘ll steal half the coal out of

your cellar. This is literal truth. More than

50% of the heat from the coal burned in ordi-

nary grates and stoves is carried out the flue

with the smoke. If you arrest this thief. you

will save half on your next. coal bill.





Our Free





 





 

 





explains

the princi-

ples of efficient

and economical

heating. It tells

how to get rid of the

coal stealer in the

chimney. It makes

perfectly clear why

some stoves consume

more coal than others.

make more dirt, more

trouble and more confu-

sion, but less home-comfort. The trouble is

in the stove,—-not in the fuel. It will make

you ask yourself whether your stove is work-

mg for you or for the coal dealer,_who is in

partnership with the chap in the chimney.

When you read this booklet you will

understand how the





 

 

 





,il ‘lel'n '7

‘- ,.-_-,.' il'lJ‘J'l’ .





'ill-Vr filo/on 1 2.... .fi .43;



1": a e- h

E"; \ ‘ ,fi \ '

l C V





     

   

 

 





 

   

 





 

 





 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





BaseBurner, .





 

 

 

 





with its scientificfire [raw] and its recirculat-

Ing air system, gets all the heat out of the

fuel. Whether you contemplate buying a new

stove at present or not, you will be interested

In this book and you will get a great deal of

very valuable information out of it.





Cut out the coupon which appears below.

fill the blank spaces and mail today.

THE GEM CITY STOVE C0.



540-550 Linden Ave. Dayton. Ohio





 





GEM CITY STOVE Co., M

Dayton, Ohio.

“ Gentlemen: Please send me a copy of your Booklet

P'Olntel's for Stove Buyers" by return mail. This is not

to involve me in any obligations whatsoever.





Name





Address





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE lRRGEST AND BEST LINE OF





WELL DRILLING





MACHINERY in America. We





have been mak-

ing it for over 20 years. Do not buy until you





see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14. Send

forltnownltis FREE -





Austin Manufacturing 00., chioago

FREE POULTRY BOOK





“Feeding Hm For In Production"

And Poultry Supply Catalogue

Defiance Mtg. 60., Granville. MINI





 





   

   

 





 





' Levering. Mich—Few White 0 -



Lake Ridge Farm: ington vkls. l’hilo strain direlcltl,

$1.50 to $3. Barred llm'kl-i from Chicago prize-winners.

—unexcelled la ers of lar e,



MOttled Anconas white eggs. Utility cockergls

$1.00, pullets $1.50. W. FISHER. Watervliet, Mich.





 





 





('FF & White ()rningtons, Buff & White Leghorns

Barred & White Rocks, & R. 0. Rhode Island Reds

Okls. Selects $3, Mediums $2 Utility $1.50 em-h

Satifactlon guaranteed. H. H. RING. Willis Mich.





u "—8. 0. Brown Leghorn Cookers] .

EGGM‘KERS State wide reputation. I can suit

you. Write me. Wm. J. Cooper, Mt. Pleasant. Mich.





HORQUGHBRED S. 0. BROWN LEGHORNS.

.A line lot. of COCKERELS at right prices.

LEWIS '1‘. OPPENLANDER, R. No. 4. Lansing, Mich





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY





B. P. Rocks. R. I. Reds, W. W (1 tt .

Leghorn eggs for sale, 15 for {1831260 1:: 31%? 53 gl-

2.50. OLON 0. LILLIE. Ooopersville. Mich.





SILVER. Golden and White Wyandottes of quality.

youngstock after November lat. Fine circular free.

A few white roosters. O. W. Browning. Portland. Mich.





WHITE wuunonEs-geguihed ........... The





' h . 1

pays. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Axglifibofffinfif





 





 





DOGS.





TRAINED running Fox Rounds, and some artly

trained rabbit dogs. and Shetland Ponies. Flori-eta

wanted. Send stamp. W. E. LEOKY, Holmeaville. 0. ‘





—E tra fine brood matrons. €

For sale, colfles Bait of breeding, open and

bred Also puppies. W. J. ROSS. Rochester. Mich.





WHEN writing to advertisers Jun uy "Bow

your ad. in the Michigan rumor."
OCT. 28, 1911.





 





 





g, THE DAIRY ._





CONDUCTED BY COION C. LlLLIE.





 





HOW To MAKE GOOD DAIRY

BUTTER.





 





I would like to hear through the col-

umns of the Michigan Farmer how to

make good butter. I don’t make much

butter but what I do make isn’t as nice

and solid as country butter should be.



Ohio. Mrs. E. C.





The making of fine butter is more of a.

science than an art. One must have the

requisite knewledge in order to properly

govern conditions and know just how to

go ahead. Besides that there is an art

that everyone does not posseSS in making

the finest kind of butter. Still, after the

whole subject is thoroughly understood

and with a little experience the making

of good butter is rather a simple affair.

To begin with, one must have good clean

milk from healthy cows. It should be

separated as soon as the milking is done

and the cream set away in a cool place,

a refrigerator is best. Then at the next

skimming do not mix the warm cream

with the cold, but cool the cream to the

temperature of the cold and then mix it.

In this way accumulate enough cream for

a churning. Most poor butter comes from

the fact that the milk and cream from

which it is made are not wholesome, there

has been too much dirt and filth incor-

porated with the milk. The next greatest

cause of making poor butter is keeping

the cream too long before churning. If

the cream is kept too long you cannot get

a. fine flavored butter. Where possible

the cream should be churned every day.

This is not practical on most farms, how-

ever, because the dairies are not large

enough but in no case should the churn-

ing be deferred longer than twice each

week. Good butter can be made if the

cream is properly handled and churned

twice a week. When there is cream

enough. accumulated for a churning it

should be removed from the refrigerator

and a started added. This starter can be

made from a commercial pure culture.

This is done by taking some sweet new

milk and sterilizing it to kill all the bac-

teria and then adding the pure culture

which contains the right kind of bacteria.

All the utensils are kept clean, and in

maklng a first-class butter it is possible

to use buttermilk from the previous

churning. This should be added to the

cream and the cream gradually warmed

to about 70 degrees, being stirred so that

you will have the cream all of a uniform

temperature. Then it should be allowed

to stand for about twelve hours to ripen,

that is, to allow the bacteria to thor-

oughly develop in the cream, which gives

the butter a fine flavor. The creamery

butter maker tests the cream with Mann’s

acid test to determine just when it has

the proper acidity or degree of ripeness

for churning, but the housewife can hard—

ly be expected to do this. After a little

experience she can tell by the looks of

the cream. It has a rich smooth appear-

ance. No one can tell another just exact-

ly by the looks of cream when it is ripe,

but one used to churning and sampling

the! butter will soon learn when the cream

is of a sufficient degree of ripeness to

make the best quality of butter. When

the cream is properly ripened then it

should be cooled as low as one can churn

satisfactorily. The lower the tempera—

ture the better. For dairy butter probably

this will be in the neighborhood of 60

degrees. in the winter time possibly lit:

degrees. Churn until the butter gathers

in small granules about the size of wheat

kernels. Then drain off the buttermilk

carefully and wash in water of about the

same temperature as the buttermilk.

Wash the butter until the water drains

away clear. Then add a sufficient amount

of Salt to suit the taste. The butter can

be salted in the churn. If carefully done

it will not be necessary to take the but-

ter out of the churn to work in the salt.

After the churn has revolved a few times

to thoroughly incorporate the salt with

the butter then it should be allowed to

stand with the plug out so that the but-

ter can drain until all the free moisture

drains 03, when it can be packed at once

into jars, or tubs, or made into prints as

one desires. In a good farm dairy where

one understands the-principles and the

importance of cleanliness, where one has

control of all the conditions and has these

conditions what they ought to be, one

has the opportunity to make the finest

butter on the market. The trouble is

that the average farmer does not provide

the proper facilities for handling the

cream and making the butter, and his





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





market does not warrant the taking of

proper pains in making this butter. Where

one makes his .own butter on the farm

he ought to get the highest price that

is paid, and he can if he will only

select his customers and make the right

kind 'of butter. Eternal vigilance is the

price of ’EhoiCe dairy butter. Everything

must be watched from the milking of

the cow to the ripening and churning and

packing of the butter, and the average

farmer does not make it in sufficient

quantities so that he can afford to. To

simmer it down carefully the making of

good butter is largely a matter of tem-

perature. The temperature of cream

mut be controlled. If the cream is kept

at a proper temperature after it is skim-

med and is held at that temperature, and

if it is warmed to the proper temperature

for the ripening process, and then cooled

to the right temperature for churning

there is very little trouble in having a

delicious butter of the finest quality. If

the cows are properly fed and the stable

and utensils and everything connected

with the dairy kept scrupulously clean one

need have no fear with regard to the

flavor of the butter. It will have its na-

tural flavor and will always grade fancy.

The making of dairy butter is largely

a lost art. Most butter is now made in

creameries, and for the reasons already

stated, farmers do not find that they can

afford to take the pains and the time

necessary in order to produce a fancy

quality of butter. Then, it costs too

much to find the market and to supply

this market with a small amount. Most

farmers have found out long ago that it

pays better to co-operate with their

neighbors and have their butter made in

a factory where it can be made in com-

mercial quantities in sufficient amounts

so that it can be placed upon the best

dairy market, and consequently the best

prices obtained for the product. Here is

where the question of co-operation in

America has worked out for the good of

the farmer, and in a very satisfactory

manner.

A GRAIN RATlON WlTH CORNSTALKS

AND BEAN PODS.





 





Please let me know through Michigan-





Farmer what feed is .best and cheapest

for milkers, with only cornstalks and bean

pods for roughage, when oil meal is $40

per ton, cottonseed meal $33 per ton, dried

beet pulp $18 per ton, corn, $25 per ton,

oats, $28 per ton, and wheat bran $27 per

ton. SUBSCRIBER.





Since there is no succulent food in this

ration like corn silage or roots of any

character I would certainly feed dried

beet pulp as a part of the grain ration.

Dried beet pulp is the best substitute for

corn silage or.roots that I know of and

it has a fair feeding value besides. Tak-

ing everything into consideration, I am of

the opinion that C. E. will get the best

results if he will mix corn and oats, equal

rarts, and grind them together; then mix

in the proportion of two parts of corn

and oats, two parts of dried beet pulp,

and one part cottonseed meal; that is,

mix nicely with the other feeds. It is 8.

lbs. of beet pulp, and 100 lbs. of cotton-

seed meal. The cottonseed meal does not

mix nicely with the other feed. It is a.

dimcult matter to get it evenly distribut-

ed so it in better to feed this feed sep-

arately as indicated below. I think best

results are obtained when the beet pulp

is moistened before feeding to put it in

as succulent a condition as possible. Wet

in the morning for the night feed and in

the evening for the morning feed. Then,

instead of mixing the ground corn and

oats and the cottonseed meal together

feed them separately, feeding corn and

cats in the morning and cottonseed meal

at night, and feeding it on this moistened

bect pulp. I think no better rule can be

given as to the amount of grain to be

fed than to feed each cow as many

pounds of grain per day as she produces

pounds of butter-fat in a week. Of

course, the cows are to receive all the

cornstalks and bean pods that they will

eat up clean twice or three times per day.





THE DOUBLE FEED MANGER IN THE

MODEL COW STALL.





In your valued paper you speak of a

double manger for the model cow stall.

Have you any plans of the same or could

you advise me regarding same, as I think

it a fine idea?



Kalamazoo Co. H. C.





This double feed manger is one of the

features of the model cow stall. Original-

ly, the bottom manger consisted simply of

a feed box which could be pulled into the

feed alley in front of the cow, the grain

ration was there deposited, after, which

the box was pushed back, it being used

after the same principle as a drawer in a





 





bureau. But in feeding ensilage it was

found that this movable feed box did not

prove satisfactory, and in most instances

it has been discontinued. Now, the lower

manger consists of a cement trough the

bottom of which is on a. level with the

floor of the stall. The sides of the manger

are simply four inches high, made of ce-

ment, and extends clear across the stall,

hence, for ordinary stall it is three and

one—half feet wide. An opening is left in

the front of this manger into the feed

alley so that the ensilage and me grain

can be put into the manger. Now the

hay manger is directly above this ensilage

and feed manger and the bottom of it is

very narrow and is 18 inches above the

top of the lower feed manger. It is made

out of a 2x4 or a 2x6. The manger ‘is

built perfectly straight on the feed alley

side. Slats are nailed on the side to—

wards the cow to the bottom of the

manger (on the 2x6 or 2x4), and these

slats slant back at an angle of about 45

degrees and project up as high as one

desires. The'philosophy of this double

manger is that the lower manger allows

the cow when she lies down to have her

head directly above it and compels her

to step up in front of a 2x4 which is in

front of her hind feet, to lie down. Then,

when she gets up the slant of the hay

manger will cause her to step back of the

2x4 and thus keep her bedding clean while

she is eating or standing. These two

mangers will enable one to give the cow

her grain and ensilage and hay, at the

same time, and the cow can eat them

when she desires.





 





ENSILOING CORNTALKS.





 





What do you think about putting up

a silo for cornstalks, husk the corn from

the stalks and then fill the silo by wet-

ting them as you cut them? Do you think

the feed would be enough better to pay

the expenses? I have 12 cows and will

feed a load of steers.



Hillsdale Co. L. K.





The idea of placing cornstalks in the

silo after the corn has been husked by

cutting them with an ensilage cutter and

moistening themvas they are deposited

in the silo. and leaving them to ferment

and settle to make ensilage, is not a new

one. This idea is almost as old as the

idea of the silo and corn silage itself.

Unquestionably, if one would ensilo the

cornstalks in this way he would feed

them with much less waste than by feed-

ing them dry, but the idea of ensiloing

cornstalks has never become popular be-

cause one does not get as good results

as he anticipates. The fact is, that when

corn has been allowed to become ripe and

is shocked, the corn cured in the shock

until it can be safely cribbed. the corn-

stalks then are not as digestible as they

were when the corn was first cut. Much

of the cellulous tissue has turned to

woody fibre and is indigestible, and you

cannot make it digestible by ensiloing it,

consequently you will not get as good

results from silage made from cornstalks

as you would from silage made from the

pure whole corn, largely from this fact.

Of course, it is well understood that the

ear of the corn plant contains more than

half of the real food nutriment of the

plant, about 60 per cent, and when this

is husked and fed in another way, leav-

ing simply the cornstalks, one could not

expect to get as large a feeding value out

of the cornstalks as he would out

of the entire plant. Cows don’t like en-

siloed cornstalks as well as they do en-

siloed ensilage corn. They are not as

palatable, nor as digestible, they are not

as satisfying, and they haven’t the food

value, but nevertheless, I believe this

would be the most economical way, so

far as good nutrients are concerned and

waste, to feed the cornstalks. At Lillie

Farmstead we generally raise corn to

husk for we want the corn for hogs and





liens. but these cornstalks are not en-

siloed, largely from the fact that the silos

are tilled with th) reguar ensilage corn.





The stalks, however, are shredded and

when shredded are fed as a part of the

roughage ration ‘0 the cows and young

stock. “'e do not expect them to eat up

the stalks clean because we realize that

a large part of the food has become in-

digestible, and we feed them rather lib-

erally and let them pick out what they

like and the balance being shredded

makes a splendid bedding. Shredded

cornstalks, when it is dry, is as good an

absorbent in the stable as straw, or bet-

ter, and it helps out on the bedding ques-

tion. As to whether it would pay a farm-

er to build a 8110 especially for this pur-

pose I do not know. I am inclined to





believe that it would not, but I am sure

that if L. E. K. would build a silo and put





(81' 368





ASK LEADING FARMERS

THEY WILL TELL You





SHARPLES





Tubular Cream Separators V





get more cream. cost less to run, and last several

times longer than any other. No disks. Double

skimming force. Wear a lifetime.

Guaranteed forever.



You expect The World‘s Best

from America's oldest and world's

biggest separator concern— not

from those who try to imitate‘our

low supply can and sell 011mg

system but are prevented by

law from imitating the Tubular

principle. Write or catalog 152.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





THE SBARPLES SEPARATOI C0.

om... x..'.‘i2lr.°£.'if$“&l"¢;.u. . o...

_ 0";th Wlhlpo},0-.I '





 





 





 





   

 





 

 

 

 





e 71:317., an“:

II" ‘\‘ ‘""”' V

2/ int/II ,/ ’4‘ g





I «a





     

 

 





wonderful corn husker





for the individual farmer.





You need no longer be at the

mercy of the husking contractor

or have to do it by hand. Hunks

mbushels an hour, clean without

shelling. and leaves the fodder in best.

pocible shape.



The Adams Corn Husker is the talk

5! as country. years 0 successful

use. Satisfaction guaranteed. Bend

fol-tree booklet.



Seager Engine Works

[001 Maple St.. Lansing. Mich.





Intern of the famous Old: Engine. I





 





 





 





 





 





, n 1-: LAVAL





CREAM

’SEPARATORS





are as much superior to other sep-

arators as other separators are to

gravity setting methods. Why go

but “ half-way ” when buying a

separator? Why not insure satis-

faction by getting a DE LAVAL '1’





THE DE [AVAl SEPARATDR 00.





185467 BROADWAY, 29 E. MADISON 81'.

NEW YORK. CHICAGO.





 





..i‘B\O‘W‘..$,,.-H,Effi





\ (Sold with or without elevator) ‘P‘ .

onus" carom-n (with or without . - l

chuck: GRIND all kinds of small grain.

Olav. “up. I“...

Dlfloront from all others.





UGHTEsT

RUNNING





(Our Circular Tall. Why)

lla- tooporu 108m —

amalgcamcityflozoom'eu. , ' ,

hut-“Muwlm '





me mm lens!





HR... HOW





‘ 'T’uz‘iumvnm FARMER

MAY 3mm A $110 WITH

_ unsmuro LABOR AND





 





 





   

   





 





 

 





 

 

     





 





 





../ i





 





 





 





 





fi' (MW A MRS! HELD

.. ,Wflflfllmm





WINE m CA





1. . m

. CEM ENT SILO C0

" IALAMAZOO MICH

FRI-IE CflURN 4' "” cm“

duce the CED“

l to Ill-gal capacity. Makes good butter from milk arena-m.

any in from 1 magnum. Write to-dailge. get one FREE





on. ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





his corn in there before he husked it, that

he would be well satisfied with the sllo.‘





“mm" In; to our alum-girl??- \





 





 





 





 





Lav—um
W





 





 





 





OCT. 28, 1911.





THE INTERNATIONAL DAIRY SHOW.





 





The first International Dairy Show was

held at Milwaukee, Wis, October 10-18.

The organization selected a pretentious

name, but this first exposition has done

much to justify it. The Milwaukee show

was a great success. In number and

qualities of entries of cattle, milk, cream,

butter, cheese, machinery, dairy equip-

ment and attendance it ranked as one-of

the very best dairy shows ever held, and

the entries in some departments, notably

milk and cream classes, showed it to be

really international in character. The

show was housed in the splendid new

auditorium building which is very well

adapted to the purpose. The cattle, num-

bering about 500 head, were comfortably

stabled in the basement and all exhibits

were shown to good advantage on the

ground floor.





The cattle show was one of the largest

ever held. Although most of the herds

came from Wisconsin, there was no lack

of quality. Guernseys and Holsteins were

particularly strong, being the two leading

breeds of that great dairy state. There

were seven herds of Guernseys, and some

classes brought out five entries from each

herd.



In the end animals are worth just what

they will bring in supplying a commercial

and economical need. Admitting the per-

fection of conformation and breeding in

the meat and draft animals, the dalryman

takes his hat off to the highly-organized

business machine—the dairy cow. His

ring of 35 or 40 pure-bred cows, each with

an individual record of production, does

not need to draw on fiction or sentiment

for its valuation. It represents a solid

value which is capable of returning good

interest on its investment.





There was plenty of opportunity for

the dairyman to enthuse at the Milwau-

kee show. The C-‘uernseys, Holsteins, Jer-

seys, Ayrshires and Brown Swiss were

shown in large numbers and of excellent

quality. The Guernsey breed was headed

by the wonderful Dolly Dimple who has

produced more milk and butter—fat for

three consecutive lactation periods than

any other cow in the world. As a two-

year-old her year’s record was 14,009.13

lbs. of milk and 703.36 lbs. of butter-fat.

As a three-year-old she produced 18,458

lbs. of milk and 906.89 lbs. of butter-fat;

and at full age, five years, she produced

18,808.5 lbs. of milk and 876.36 lbs. of

butter-fat. The Holsteins were headed

by the world’s champion two-year-old

heifer, Cedar Lawn De Koh Johanna, with

a year’s record of 16,905.1 lbs. of milk and

707.94 lbs. of butter. Pauline Wayne,

President Taft’s “Whitehouse” cow was

also present and added to the prestige of

the Holstein breed.



The educational features were perhaps

the strongest part of the show, and it is

here that the dairy shows surpass the

other live stock exhibitions. The herd

demonstration, conducted by the United

States Department of Agriculture, gave

instructions in cow selection, care, feed-

ing, stabling and general management.

The cows selected were all grades. They

were divided into four lots, each lot fed

differently and stabled in different types

of stalls and stanchions. The feeding was

done to show a comparison of an aver-

age farm ration, the VVolff—Lehman stand-

ard, the Hoecker standard and an excess

protein standard. The records of total

consumption, total production, cost of

maintenance and cost of production of

milk and fat were posted every day for

the purpose of comparison. The cows

were milked with different kinds of milk-

ing machines, and the milk separated with

different makes of separators every day.

Lectures on subjects pertaining to herd

management were given each day by ex-

perts.



The University of Wisconsin had an

instructive exhibit of lines of work and

investigation conducted by that institu-

tion. Perhaps the most interesting fea-

ture of the exhibit was the first Babcock

tester, designed by Prof. Babcock of that

institution. This machine differed con-

siderably in appearance from the compact

little machine now so familiar to all dairy-

men, but it probably did more toward the

improvement and building up of the dairy

industry than any other single invention.

It has been to dairying what the compass

was to navigation and the. telescope was

to astronomy—and the inventor gave it to

the dairymen without a cent of profit to

himself. Other features of the exhibit

were studies in care of milk, in produc-

tion of cheese, selection of home-grown

feeds for cheapness and efficiency of ra-

tions, models of stables, silos, etc. There

was also a particularly interesting demon-

stration of good and poor cows. Stacks





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (9) 369





of butter tubs represented the yearly pro-

duction of individuals shown by photo-

graphs. The average scrub cow showed

180 lbs. of butter per year, the good dairy

cow 360 lbs. and the exceptionally good

cow 806 lbs. per year.



Practical problems in butter and cheese

production were demonstrated in the

model creamery and cheese factory in op-

eration each day. All of the latest and

most efficient machinery was shown in

operation. The machinery exhibit was

an education in itself. There were ex-

hibits of all the equipment which belongs

to the industry, from the milking ma-

chine to the butter wrappers and paper

milk bottles. Just a few of the interest-

ing things to be seen in this department

were a cream separator with engine at-

tachment, a complete pasteurizing outfit,

a pneumatic pressure tank water system,

cork brick refrigerator room, latest litter

and feed carriers in operation, and bottle

washers, fillers and cappers.



The cheeSe contest. was especially good.

There were over 500 single cheese ex—

hibited, including many different varie-

ties. The butter exhibit was equally good

but was late in being placed and did not

receive the attention it deserved. The

milk and cream contest was excellent.

There were 115 samples entered. The

wide range from which these were drawn

is shown by the awards. In 'market milk,

A. Zeuw, of Washington, won first and

J. H. Whitbeck, of Utah, took second. In

the market cream class, the gold medal

went to Ohio, L. P. Bailey winning first

and E. B. Bready, of Pennsylvania, taking

second. C. W'. Orton, of W'ashington,

won first on certified milk and City Dairy

Farms, of Canada, took second. The

Manor Farm Dairy, of Canada, won first

on certified cream, the second prize going

to Howard Green, of Wisconsin. A new

class was inaugurated in this contest for

city milk dealers. In this class the high-

est score for both market milk and mar—

ket cream was won by the Supplee Alder-

ney Dairy, of Pennsylvania. There was

another new class for city health depart-

ments on collective exhibits of milk com-

ing from farms of five or more producers.

Salt Lake City won first in this class, and

Omaha, Neb., took second. Cleveland,

Denver, Detroit and Boston make good

showings in this class.



No dairy show is complete that fails to

give instruction in the use and care of

the dairy products in the home of the

consumer. Dr. F. A. Kraft, commissioner

of health of Milwaukee, had one of the

most instructive exhibits of this kind ev-

er seen. His work emphasized the fact

that all precaution in the care of milk

is lost on the individual who does not

know how to make proper use of it in

the home. It was an exhibit that should

be repeated in every big city and studied

by city people. Milwaukee showed its

support of this show with a liberal at-

tendance and the city papers gave liberal

space to the news of the show. The man—

agement deserves great credit for the

success of the exhibition. The Inter-

national seems firmly established as one

of the great dairy shows of the year. ‘



WILL DISCUSS ALFALFA AND



' SILAGE.



*-



The American dairy institute will hold

its meetings Friday, November 3, at the

national dairy show, Chicago. The offi-

cers of this association came to the con-

clusion that it would not be wise to at—

tempt to cover the whole field of dairying

in the time allotted, but devote the entire

day to alfalfa and silage. These crops

are of vital importance to the dairymen

of this country and there are several rea—

sons why they are important.



First. Alfalfa will produce more digest-

ible nutrients per acre than any other

agricultural crop. A yield of four tons

of alfalfa hay per acre produces about

4,000 lbs. of digestible nutrients, 880 lbs.

of which are digestible protein.



Second. Corn comes next; to alfalfa in

the production of nutrients for the cow.

An acre yielding ten tons of green corn

will produce about 3,400 lbs. of digestible

nutrients.



Third. No crops complement each other

better for feeding the dairy cow than

corn and alfalfa. The corn put into the

silo furnishes the succulence for the cow

and a large amount of heat producing ele-

ments. Alfalfa provides the dry rough-

age and is rich in the element protein

which is so necessary to the growing

animal and the cow producing milk. In

short, alfalfa and corn have a productive

feeding value that cannot be excelled by

any other combination of roughage grown

on the farm.



Fourth. When alfalfa is used properly

in the rotation it is beneficial to the soil.





 





 





 





SAVE$35';%‘:3





(In a Gasoline Engine Aooordin To Size

Ranging From Our Famous I 2 II. P. Pumping Englno ($21.50) To I5 II. P.





Buy from a. real engine factory, cave dealer, jobber and catalog house rofits.

No such offer as I make on the class of engines I sell has ever been ma 6 before in all gasoline engine history.

Here is the secret and reason: I turn them out all alike by the thousands in my enormous modern factories

equipped with automatic machinery, one man runnin as high as six machines at». time

and turning out thousands of perfect ieces. I sell 12 em direct to the user, saving

all middlemen’s profits and actuoll sel the veryhlihest grade engine on thirty days’

free trial for less money than some tories can me. 8 them at actual first shop cost.





I absolutely and positively save you from 050 to



a 0800 on a gasoline engine that will exactly



meet your requirements, no matter how

— large or how email.



All you pay for is acutalcost of material (and I buy in tremendous quan-

tities) cost of abor and one small profit base on large output.



Anybody can afford and might ‘{not as well have a strictly hi h grade en the

when he can get in one wholesale enl of this kind. I know w at I am tal ing ,

about. I have beena. dealer, a jobber. a. salesman. I started in at the bot-

tom of this engine business, and I am giving you the truth when I tell

you that our price is lower than dealers and jobbers are today buying

engines not as good as ours in carioad lots for spot cash.



This I absolutely know, and I cordially invite you or anybody

to inspect our factories and make the comparisons for absolute





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Don't IO!





proof. We simply have to make our engine so good, for we

send it anywhere in theU. 8. without an expert to inexpe— thorn fool you

- on Cholr qu-llty





 

 

 





talk as an excuse

for hlgh prion.





Blggoot and

Best Free Gasoline Engine Book





. " Write for it today while you think of it. It is in

,1" four colors, 60 ea; pictures our engines fac-

tories, and contains hundreds of letters and pictures

from actual photo mphs of our engine in use in every

state in the Union. t’s full of valuable information.

The proof of the pudding is in the eating of it.

You are throwing money away ifyou pay more fora. gasoline

engine than I charge you. Save that money or use it for some-

thin else. I positively and absolutely can save you from 050

to 0303, according to size you want. invite you to get our

catalog and make comparisons. WM. GALLOW Y, Prea,





VIII. GALLON" 00., 6450alloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa





rienced users on 30 days’ free trial, .to test against any engine

made regardless of‘price, of a. similar h. p. that sells for

twice as much, an are willing to let the man who

tries it be thejudge. Don’t buy an engine ofany make

at any price until you get our beautiful 50 page en-

gine ook. Why not. sell one of your poorest

arses and buy our famous full 5 h. p. Galloway. , -’





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





_..... L--.»





' I'THE ‘

; GALLOWAY

3’," 9 “f





 





The PORTER LITTER CARRIER





Greatest; capacity, easiest to operate





‘.. ,Vli

. \ and strongest of carriers. ’l‘hecarrier

i.





e





 

 

 





. w .!;NJ‘.L*.'I',.".L





all, n





 





 





wheels are roller-hearing and are

sw1veled so that Clll‘l‘lt'l‘ Will work

a around curves.





l .l‘

‘J





 





   





 





- , r ' " Runs on our celebrated Columbian



V‘ w k steel track, which can be, bent to ally

. - A; radius and will carry heavy loads.



- The hopper is held automatically

at any height and can be tripped at

the will of the, operator.



We make a large line of SANITARY

STEEL STALLS AND CATTLE

STANOHIONS.



Send for illustrated catalogue._

" l‘“. ’J. E. Porter 00.. Ottawa. III.

II. MAKERS OF THE FAMOUS



‘ “ PORTER HAY CARRIER.





 





 





   

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





London Tools put farming on I Icientific huh

and make it a business of certainties. They stop wastc— .

of time, labor and the fertilizing value of stable manure.

They increase the output of your herds and your acres.





Louden's Sanitary Steel Stanchions are flexi-

blc,chain-hung,tubular steel. Alltheirimportanifcatures

are patented and can be had on no others—LOUDEN'S

are leaders for all time. They allow the cow perfect ‘

freedom ofmoyement and comfort. either standing or lying down. No corners or crevices; easy to keep clean.

May be hung on homemade wooden frames when desired.



LOUDEN'S SANITARY STEEL STALLS make every part of the dairy barn light, airy

and fresh—increase the cows contentment and flow of milk, and dcdrcase the danger of disease.



Let us tell you all about Louden Feed and Litter Carriers. flay Tools, Bird Proof Born Door fingers and

1 complete barn fittings. Expert advice on fitting up your barn free, together with estimate of cost. Catalog and

~ barn management books free. See Louden Tools at your dealer‘s or write us direct.





LOUDEN MACHINERY 00.. - - - 603 BROADWAY. FAIRFIELD. IOWA.





 





 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

   





   

 





   

   

 





 

 





 





 

 





 

 





BOOK LINE—E,

, SEND FOR IT...»

I'".W.BRODE &C0. MEMPHIS. TENN.“





I Want Your Boy





and girl to write to me at once. In my fight against that trust which makes you!

implement dealer black-list me because I sel my U. S. Standard _Scales to you at

dealers’ prices Iwnnt the name of every honest farmer who believes in Fair Pin

and who is willin to help me fight to prove to Mr. Dealer that the farmer’s cred i

I ' and his dollar is t e equal of any man’s. .



Your boy can help. Write me for particulars.





“JONES, he pays the freIght,"

18 Kid St... Binghamton, N. Y.





When writing to advertisers mention The Michigan Farmer.





%PROTEIN

GUARANTEED
. “Juan.“ “.2, t .





370 (10);





VVVYY VYV YYVYVYYVYVY'YVYY





‘HORTICULTURE?





 





 





 





AAAAAAAMAMAAAAAAAAAA





 





A GOOD YIELD OF ONIONS.





 





The accompanying picture and follow-

ing facts were furnishes us by A. Wheeler

of Bay county, who owns the property

upon which the onions were grown. The

picture is taken from a seven-acre field

located in Arenac county. Where the pic-

ture was taken the onions yielded 1,600

bushels per acre. The crop as a whole

was not quite as productive as the par-

ticular portion illustrated, but it is con-

servatively estimated that the whole

seven acres will average 1,200 bushels per

acre right through. Mr. W'heeler asks if

any Michigan grower can beat this.



The onions were grown on muck land,

being a tamarack and cedar swamp. This

is the second crop grown on the land,

onions having been grown last year. The





THE NllCHlGAN PARMER;





growers can obtain it at a reasonable

price, at least. 01d wheat straw makes

a. satisfactory mulch and is the material

most generally ‘used. Straw manure can

frequently be used to good advantage.





The first calm day in the fall when the

ground is frozen sufllciently to bear a

wagon up is the proper time to apply the

mulch. If there is a few inches of snow

on the ground, so much the better. for

the mulch will keep the snow, which is a

good mulch in itself from melting so

quickly. But after all, it is of no use to

apply a mulch unless it is applied prop-

erly. Do not heap the material on the

bed; make it thin and of an equal depth.

An inch or two, or just enough to hide

the plants, is sufficient. The mulching

material should be well shaken up so that

there will be no thick, heavy bunches.

Just as soon as the plants begin to make

a growth in the spring, the mulch should.

be raked off and left between the rows.

But see to it that provision is made for

your supply of material now.



Ohio. SUBSCRIBER.





 





PRUNING AND DIVIDING BULBS.





 





\Vhen pruning, be careful to save all

choice cuttings, especially of roses. Place





of ground, and with the rows just far

.‘3 enough‘apart for cultivation. They root

easily if put in when dormant, and by





planting to permanent quarters. It is





always desirable to have young plants





 





Some of Mr. Wheeler‘s Onions.

onions are very large, and of the Yellow





Globe Danver variety. Mr. \theler does

not pretend to be a farmer and secured

his knowledge from observation and read-

ing farm' papers. His crop last your av-

eraged 1,200 bushels per acre. He expects

next year to have 40 acres out. The on-

ions at present prices will net him around

$5,000, or at the rate of $700 per acre.

Three years ago this land was offered at

$5 per acre, but it is safe to say that it

is not for sale now.





MULCHING THE STRAWBERRY BED.



We will enumerate a few of the bene-

fits of mulching the strawberry plants:



First. Alternate freezing and thawing

is what causes a. great per cent of the

injury to the plants. If the bed is given

a good mulch it will remain frozen all

winter. When left uncovered the freezing

and thawing lifts the plants out of the

ground and the tip plants are usually

entirely killed.



Second. Mulching keeps the berries

clean and we all know the greater mar-

ketable value of clean berries over mud-

dy ones. Where the ground is left ,bare

the beating rain gives the berries a coat-

ing of soil that is hard to wash off.



Third. Mulching is a great aid toward

keeping down the growth of weeds. \\'e

all know how the cultivation of the berry

bed is so apt to be neglected. Mulching

really fills the office of cultivation.



Fourth. Mulching adds fertility to the

soil. The decaying straw adds humus to

the soil and improves its mechanical and

chemical condition. In view of these sig-

nificant facts it is evident that no one

who has the well—being of his strawberry

beds at heart can afford to neglect or

omit this important duty in strawberry

culture. then we stop to consider the

cost we find it very insignificant as com-

pared with the benefits received. The

labor is usually the only cost for the ma-

terial used Would only go to waste other-

wise on a great many farms.



There are a few points in regard to

selecting the mulching material that

should be impressed upon the mind. The

material used should be loose and open

in texture. The use of such material as

sawdust and leaves is to be avoided for

they pack down and smother the plants.

Care should be cxercised to avoid pollut-

ing the bed with foul seeds of any sort.

Straw sometimes contains enough grain

or weed seeds to grow a considerable crop

in the spring. Some manure contains a

large amount. of seeds, also. A crop of

weeds will greatly decrease the yield of

berries if it does not ruin the bed en-

tirely. .



Cheapness is another item to be taken

into consideration when selecting a





mulching material for this cost must be

considered when figuring the ultimate

profit of the berry bed. Where it can be

secured, slough grass is probably the best

mulching material but comparatively few





coming on to replace poor or superannu-

ated ones, or to set new shrubbery.



Herbaceous plants that do not bloom

well are probably root-bound or in an

unsuitable location. In either case they

should be lifted, and, if there are large

masses of roots, be divided and reset with

more room for growth. Bulbous plants

have a tendency to form new bulbs over

the old, and in this way they gradually

work toward the surface of the ground.

lf they are not reset at suitable intervals

they will cease to bloom, and in time

even to die out. I have divided and reset

peonics that had been condemned as

“worn out,” and the next year had the

finest lot of flowers in all the country

round.



And so it is with most plants. A pro-

fusion of bloom requires a corresponding

amount of nourishment, and when the

roots become too crowded to assimilate

food in sufficient quantity the plant

ceases to flower, and finally dies. I have

seen many rare plants that the owners

were afraid to disturb for fear of doing

them harm, that would have been im-

proved by dividing and increasing ten or

twenty fold. A poor, unshapely clump of

iris, phlox, anemone, yucca, or narcissus,

may often be divided into half a dozen

thrifty, profuse-blooming clumps, each

one of which, at the end of a year, will

be more flourishing than the parent stock.

The secret of growing herbaceous plants

is to keep the roots strong and thrifty,

and this cannot be done if they are al-

lowed to crowd.



While it is not advisable to lift hardy

bulbs annually, it will be found that two

or three months out of the ground every

three or four years will prove beneficial.

New bulbs are constantly forming, one

upon another, rising toward the surface.

In time the old bulb decays, but in its

place are others, which gradually enlarge

and multiply until there is a clinging

mass, from the size of a pea. to the full-

grown, matured bulb. All of these send

up leaves, more or less feeble and unde-

veloped for want of proper nourishment

below. Crowding starves them, for it

cuts them off from their natural supply of

food.



But do not lift them as soon as their

flowers decay. It is then the beginning

of their growing season, and only when

the green leaves which succeed the flow-

ers turn brown should they be removed

from the ground and dried thoroughly

before storing in a dry, cool place in the

cellar. In cast of most bulbs this will be

from May to July.



Before replanting, in September or Oc-

tober, divide and separate the bulbs ac-

cording to size. planting those that are

too small to flower in beds by themselves.

In this way bulbs may be increased much

more rapidly, and the flowers will be

larger and more plentiful.



Finally, keep a close watch over all

your shrubbery, and trim judiciously and

with a view to clean, symmetrical growth;

and make your work light or severe ac-

cording to the nature of the plants. Those

that form their buds in the fall, as rho—

dodendrons, forsythlas, and the like,

should only have the unflowering and de-





cayed wood cut but. more severe pruning

being left until after they bloom. Smoke





bushes, and such shrubs as start late, .





can often be trimmed until the end of

May. But do not put the work ‘off too

long, or be satisfied with half doing it.

Severe pruning makes stronger growth

and larger flowers. Hybrid roses should

be shaped carefully, and as they bloom

during the summer it will be advisable to

cut back all flowering wood, for it will

not bloom the second time, and will only

be a useless drain on the parent stem.

Thin out masses of altheas and deutzias

and spireas, and if any of the choice

clumps of deutzlas and splreas are

spreading more than is desired, lift and

divide and reset the surplus elsewhere.

Virginia. F. H. SWEET.





WlLL EXTOL MICHIGAN APPLES.



It is remarkable how quickly the public

becomes informed of mistakes it has

made. Not long ago the people of our

cities and a large percentage of those of

country places were convinced that west-

ern apples were superior in every respect

to those produced in our state. During

the past two or three years, however, evi-

dence has been given to show wherein

this conclusion was false, and that Mich-

igan apples, from the consumer’s stand-

point, are superior, and already our fruit

dealers are taking advantage of this new

information and are making known to

their customers that they handle "fruit

with flavor” grown on trees in the or-

chards of the Peninsular State. The

coming show at Grand Rapids is sure to

aid in fixing this knowledge more firmly

in the minds of dealers and consumers of

the king of fruits. Much care is being

taken to present the virtues of Michigan

fruit and it is even now being declared

that the last claim of the western grow-

ers, which is, in effect, that their fruit is

superior to ours in color, is being seri-

ously threatened by the matchless ex-

hibits which are now in cold storage in

Grand Rapids, waiting for the great show

to open. Michigan patrons should not

lose the opportunity to see and know the

possibilities of their own state. This Will

be an excellent chance to prepare one’s

defenSe of Michigan’s rightful position

among the fruit states of the Union,

which position is at the top. The fruit

show will be held at Grand Rapids, No-

vember 7-11.





 





HOW TO PROPAGATE moss ROSES.





 





A subscriber to the Michigan Farmer

asks how to propagate moss roses. Moss

roses may be propagated by cuttings

made of partially ripened wood just after

the plants are done flowering about the

first of July. Or they may be made from

dormant or ripened wood just after the

leaves drop in the autumn.



If the cuttings are made in summer,

they should be eight inches long, with a

clean cut at the base and all of the

leaves removed except the two at the top

and they can be reduced one-half. If a

growing shoot is used, cut out the suc-

culent or green portion to a point where

the wood begins to get hard. Put them

out of doors in some sheltered, sandy

situation, water thoroughly every day

and keep them shaded by means of cot-

ton cloths or lath screens until they be-

gin to grow, when the shading may be

about now, they can be made and treated

removed.



If the cuttings are made in the fall, say

in the same way with the exception of

the shading and the watering. They

ought, however, to be covered generously

with dry leaves before severe freezing

weather sets in and protected so that the

covering will stay on without planks or

boards. The neatest and best method

is to have a small cold frame with a sash

made to fit. It carries the heavy snows

and prevents the leaves from becoming

wet and frozen. They should be left un-

til thoroughly rooted—perhaps a year,

when they can be potted or transplanted

in nursery rows until they are large

enough to place in their permanent sit-

nation.



Mich. Agl. Col.





__





THos. GUNSON.

There has been a firming up of values

in the New York apple market since the

offerings of early fruit started on the de-

cline. The trade is pretty well appraised

of the small crop of late varieties and is

willing to let it be known to the sellers

by showing more spirit in bidding for

such kinds. The ruling quotations for

the more popular apples range between

$2 and $4 per barrel, depending upon the

grade.‘ Extra fancy goods packed with

care command a premium. '





 





 





 





 





Your Best Insurance





against accident when driv-

ing along dark roads is one

of our famous Rayo Driving

Lamps.





Rayo Driving Lamps will

not blow or far out.





They are smaller than

other driving lamps, but

have a magnifying power

that throws a bright light

many feet ahead, while the

extra large ruby disc in the

rear is readily discernible in

any weather.



Rayo Driving Lamps are fur-

nished with double side bracket

attachments, to fit square or round

posts. They can be used on all

kinds of vehicles.



In addition to Driving

Lamps, the Rsyo line in-

cludes lanterns of all styles,

sizes and finishes—each the

best of its plrticular kind.

All are equipped with select-





ed Rayo globes, with wicks

inserted in burners ready to

light.



Dealers everywhere; or

write for descriptive circular to any agency

of the





Standard Oil Company





(Incorporated)





 





 





 





 





 





ill'v'li. FURS





We Pay Highest Prlces

Charge No Commlsslon



We Buy More Fun from Trapper: and

Dealer: Than Arc Handled by All 3!.

Louis Commission Houses Combined.

Send toda for Free Circulars icing

Prices W GUARANTEETOPA’. No

other house will guarantee to payfltoir

quotations.





I. ABRAHAM





258 I. Ilil 8t. 81’. W8. III.





champion Evaporator





For Maple, Sorghum, Cider

and Fruit Jellies.





Easy to operate.

Saves labor and

fuel. Write for

descriptive cats.





 





 





 

 





CHAIHOII

EVAPORATOR 00.

Hudson, Ohio. ms?

w. hall: 3.... 3:3»:

Maken’ Supplies. you up





 





PERFEGTIOI





Barn Furniture, CarfiErs.

Stalls and Stanchions.

Wood Preservatives for

$1108. Roofs or Posts. Ensi-

lage Forks, Baskets and

Cutters. Ho Houses'

WWrite or Catalog.

Western Implement Co..

‘mpolia. Indm'





 





 





HERTZLER I: 200K

Portable Wood





.SAW





Guaranteed 1 year. Cheapest and but

—only $10 saw to which ripping table

can Modded. Operates easily. Get

on now and save money. No

middleman's will.



We! . 200100., a 28. ”loving“





. will soonbehere. We sell

TIme to P'amdireat to Iantcr at lowest

rises for the best stock. A pl. a (merry Trees 80.

each 40 and u . Semi for atalcgue. its valuable to

0 you. ERN. NURSEBIES, ox 2. Moseow.0.





on: "usages; minimum?!“

wanted. MITCHELL'B NURSERY. Beverly. 0,

PM 7!... to. up. Splendid ino- for ulsto





m prices. 1‘ ‘3. SI! . I!

AM! radium 11mm; '50“ mow-1:13., has“:
* 001'. as. 1911. * THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





(Not for boys—they‘re all right and their turn

will come later—but this is for the boss.)





Thousands of farmers will buy gasoline engines this fall and winter





about the Olds Engine. —





Engine will do iii-1&1. I want to tell you about them—give you

ju_st 1.113 Hormation you want—so if you will fill out the coupon

below (or write me a letter) saying what size engine you want, whether

portable or stationary, and when you expect to need one, without

asking you to make any promise or obligating you in any way, I

will send you absolutely free this genuine calfskin bill fold,

stamped with your name in gold letters.

It Will hold fifteen bills easily. When folded it will go in





a small pocket. It is very convenient, handsome and uséful;

will last a lifetime. Has no advertisement on it.





0 DS



E NG IN ES

are known the world OVer and used by farmers everywhere. They are the most

satisfactory engine made for farm work. I guarantee them to do all we say they





will——you to be the judge. Ask fly man who has in Olds Engine. He wil

tell you. 1





[will





 





We also make complete electric light and water systems especially for farms. I





 





 





FRE this real. leather bill fold

for the head of the Farm





get in direct and personal touch with every one of them, as I want them to know





If you are going to buy an engine, or are thinking about it, w m to 19.121 what an Olds





l





I Horse Power wanted: 1‘53 4% 6 8 12 15 20





Sign name plainly, just the way you want it on bill told.





as below. _ Style wanted:

BRANCHES BRANCHES

J. B. SEAGER, Gen. Mgr. Exp... .0 n...

1007 Fern-m 8t. . 102 N. Lee Anzeles St.

Omohn. Neb. Seager Englne works Los Anzeles. Cal. I N

2112 Central St. 65 Beverly 5t I ame """"""

Km‘“ at!” ”0- 915 Walnut St., Lansing, Mich. Boston, Mass. -

Town ..........

To make quick deliveries, I also have a complete stock of engines and parts in warehouses at I

Houston. Tex. Atlanta. Ga. Decatur. Ill. Lexington, Miss. Cairo. Ill. Minneapolis. Minn. Binghampton, N. Y. Philadelphia. Pa County ..........

NOTICE—ll you prefer. write to my nearest branch, and it I am not there. |

my personal representative will attend to it.

I





 

 

 

 





I want to





 





Cut or tear off here,





Write for our prices on corn shellers. corn huskers. feed grinders and cream separators. S E AGER ENGINE WORKS, Lansing, Mlch.





. . - ~ - -, I ti lars about the following engine. It

(2 If you are gomg to buy an engine, put a check mark (X) in the place showmg the size and style is Ssrrigei-gfogdutgglt Imiio not obligate myself in any way





engine you want, and when you expect to need it, and mail to me personally at once. Address me I by asking for this information_





Portable Stationary





it: Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.





.........................................





............... State





915





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 





 

 





‘ ""uli'

35-11:”:

VIE-“ill:

‘fl‘ginlg

"flulll’

5’5Wfl.

(twin—a;

--‘ ,f’.. .2-

>_—’___.





 





 





\\





ll





 





\‘





i'

l

i

s





   





I





»





 





I





All the year ’round

“Pittsburgh Perfect"

Fence fulfills all the

, claims of the manufacturer and the dealer. It possesses the great-

“.W’ ’ est durability and adaptability, and afiords best service because it is made with



W/I, “In. the one object of economically and perfectly meeting the exacting requirements

/ ' of the scientific farmer. And “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence never disappoints.





The Open Hearth Wire used exclusively in “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence is like old time iron wire, and is the

strongest, toughest and most lasting fence wire made. Pure zinc galvanizing heavily coats the wire and resists

rust and decay for the longest time. V



Wires are electrically welded at every crossing point, which produces a. perfect amalgamation of metals,

doubles the strength of the fence at the joints, and eliminates all weight-increasing and strength-destroyin g wraps,

clamps, tWISts, ties, etc. “Pittsburgh Perfect" is the only electrically welded fence made, and is famous for the

mtegnty of THE WELD. THAT HELD.





EVERY ROD GUARANTEED PERFECT





Write for catalogue showing 145 styles and sizes of "Pittsburgh Perfect“ Fence adapted to every Field. Farm.

Ranch. Lawn and Poultry purpose. The best dealer In your town handles ”Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence exclusively.





Pittsburgh Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.





MAKERS OF "Pittsburgh Perfect" Brands of Barbed Wire, Bright, Annealed and

Galvanized Wire. Fence Staples, Standard Wire Nails and "Pittsburgh Perfect” Fencing





' onmomo

ELSE-1 DUPLEX mus !

' .7. Only mill made with a. double set of 0“ Ba

\ . lrinders or burrs. Have a grinding





 





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 





latter stock





 

 

 





 





surface of just double that of any ' - 3 edit! i



me be“ r i d other mill 0! equal size, therefore, E STuégI 31! til-33351:: 2&me 3;;in



, , . C 88 D T - M h 1 colors mule self-Miami's purposely

- 3 “'8 0 che as no ’ to hold the ports securely lu place.

/ more pro work. , No all-ups, buckle: or springs—enn-





not alip,so cannot ohufe or compress

against the pubic bone. The most

obstinate cases cured. " ‘

have successfully treated themselvel

at home without hindrance from work. Soft uvel.

chucks, sheaf oats, or vet—ouy to apply—Inexpensive. Awarded Gold

5111! kindflof grain, coarse; ino- ”0| .Hedal. llama" of re‘soverv ll nlgutnl. I0 mifurthgl'

dum or no. Be ulre25 can use rtrull. e provow I weny Ieu -

how to feed. prices. etc. power “I.“ “no other mill. as you Trial of Flaps: abso-

Elpecisll! adopted for gasoline utel! F353: WP“. TODAY.





1

msrn mono-mama co ._ _._fl_,,_ RIM. OflPLAPAO 1 .

m ‘mmm ' - ename- want-rm «m - -1)on LABORATORIE Block [.0 ll

11 mm" OhIo . Duplex Mina. Mtu.co..lox80859rlngflold,Oolsllo “an" 5' 728‘ In" 0'





 





Grind our com, aligned

com oats rye W est

barle’y, inim- cdrn, cot1

u need, corn in





Get ground feed at a fraction of usual



cost—grind for your neighbors—earn '

price of machine. Sweep or belt-



astestgrmders made. Guaranteed





one year. Send for free book on





 

 

   

 

 





 





 





 





 





Kerosene

ENGINES





Operate perfectly on common

coal oil. gasoline, distillate.

alcohol or any similar liquid

fuel. Our catalog explains

why this is safest. simplest.

most economical and prac-

tical power.





Genuine Free Trial



1! it doesn’t satlsf ou in ,

every way the tr :1

nothing. Don‘t invest in any 1





engine until ou get our .

proposition. riteforltnow.

llllE MllllllElllTlill ENGINE 00.



23 Maldrum Ava" Dolroll. Mloh.





 





 





Thirty Days Trial of





ginger! States Bonded

n no Burns as soline

kerosene. distillate. sod-fir those,

2 «Advantages-J 2

lat, Paysfor itself in fuel saving

. In short time. 2nd, No Violent v1-

- ‘ brntlon= 3rd, Greatly reduced bulk.

' 4th, Easily portable; mounted any-

where. 6th, Every engine art and

horse power guaranteed. th, .

solutely frost proof. 7th,_Positlv_ely

' .3 most economical running engine

‘ made._ 8th, Only engine with pulley on

both sides. 9th, Small pulley on can:

shaft, for very slow mophinos. 10th.

Perfect Lubricationmoohng é. ignition.

Wanda-f.“ N.w léih' ling-Bacon: 82%;” fig thsoworld.

. a .

Pumplllenfl‘ln. in businesz. y repu o m you--





Send postsltodnyfor United states Engine Work.

Illustrated Catalog. 1508 Gina! 8t. Chlca-o. Ill.





KITSELMAN« ,, FENGE





. .80Id direct to you of. rectory

Get It ‘Fr‘o n1 - prices on 30 day. trial. Save

{:3th Factory ~ the dealers profit Farm. Hog





, d Poultry Fence at from

at [)1er t “n

. L... I m cenrs A non up;

. All wires are benvlly galvanized

\. 5. {UBUlldflml 80 rod spool of ideal galvanized

, lubed Wire $1.66. Write

' today for large tree Catalogue snowing

'lb diflerent styles and heights 0! fencing.





Box 278 KIISELMAN BROS. MUNGIE, IND.





STRONGEST FENCE MADE



26-inch Hog Fence, ...... 15c.



47-inch Farm Fence,---23%c.



60-inch Poultry Fenco__ "30¢.



. 80-rod spool Barb Wire, $1.55

Many styles and heights. Our large Free Catalog

contains fence information you should have.



I COILED SPRING FENCE C0. Box 2 1 Winchester, ind.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 





   





 





 





,.

. 4

T

:I





' %





   

 





 

   





 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE RATCHET WIRE SPLICER.



‘ 7 Will wra. with ease tho

"()1 largest hot wire in the nar-

\ ___._ .





— rowest space in a woven



Lence. Sample b mall} ptostt piaicilrmf 50 cents.

ents wanted. ree us re 9 0 on or.



g A. B. PROBASCO, Lebanon. 0-
— 372 ‘1”...





The Michigan Farmer

ESTABLISHED 1843.

THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING CO.

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.





39 to 45 Conn-en &. Wat, Detroit, Michigan

mm m 4525.





 





 





New You On: . Put

Cmcseo Owner Pint Nst’l. Bank vBuilding.

(3an OrrIcn—llm- m 0 E.

Bums Omen—6 so New “1311;. Building.

M. J. IAWBENOE................... ..... ....President.

M. L.LA LA.WRENOE ........ .ioo-V President.

E. H. 3006111011.................... .Sec. -Treas.

I. B. WATIBBURY.................

0. E. «rouse ........................ ......... Associate

BUR Tm]! .................... Editors.

ALTA LAWSON 1.1mm.... ............ .





 





E. H. ROUGHTON.................

TIER” 0P SUBSCRIPTION:





.Business Manager

Five Years 2 ““352",... $2.75





Three Years, )5 copies, Eros-mid . . 323

One You 520mm





Six Months 2: mm mafia... ......“ a:

Canadian subscriptions” cents a your extra for «poem





Alwsnsend money by draft. postofioe money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not bere-

sponsible for none sent in iietters. Addre- sileo

munioetions to.“ nuke drafts. cheeks and poet-

Ofll oe orders msble to. the Lawrence Publishing Co.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





40 cents per line agate measurement. or $5.60 per

inch. each insertion. with reasonable discount on

orders smountin to m or over. No sdv't inserted

for less than 81 per insertion



0:?No lottery, quack doctor or swindllng advertise-

ments inserted at on price



Entered as second 0 see matter at the Detroit. Michi-

gan postofice.





 





 





 





 





 





COPYRIGHT [9"





by the Lawrence Pub. Co All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents 0!

of this issue without our written permi-ion.





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brought against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice is sent to us, before suit

is, started.



Avoid further trouble by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expira-

ation of subscription.



The Lawrence Publishing 00.,



Detroit, Mich.





DETROIT, OCT. 28, 1911.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.



In a recent interview

the traffic manager of

one of the leading Mich-

igan railway systems

declared that Michigan should have a

commissioner of agriculture, who should

be an appointive officer in order that the

best qualified man might be chosen for

the berth. Reference is made in the' in-

terview to the fact that the total amount

expended in behalf of agriculture in Mich-

igan in one year was $213,710, while in

the same year “Wisconsin expended be-

tween $400,000 and $500,000 for the same

purpose, and the province of Ontario in

Canada voted $621,514 to be. expended in

wbehaif of the agricultural industry of that

province. Mention is made' of the var-

ious development bureaus of Michigan

which are working independently and the

Work of which, with those of the various

organizations, might be coordinated with

a state department. The state of New

York is cited as an instance of the bene-

fits to be derived from a state commis-

sioner of agriculture to which he attrib-

utes much of the supremacy of New

York as an agricultural state. Much of

this benefit is attributed to the fact that

the state has a spokesman in the legis-

lature to look after the special interests

of the farmers when appropriations are

being asked for who is looked upon as

the leader of agriculture, w111le under our

system this work is left to almost anyone

who cares to interest himself in the prop-

osition, which results in no continuity of

our policy and little initiative. Reference

is made to our agricultural college and

the work it is doing, and it is declared

that that work might be made much

broader by making a commissioner of ag-

riculture an ex-officio member of the

State Department of Agriculture which

controls the institution, by which means

the influence of the institution would be

considerably extended if the proper man

were chosen as commissioner. The work

of France in behalf of agriculture is cited

as an example of what might be done,

also the extension work which is being

done by the Ontario Agricultural College,

and specialmention is made of that phase

of the work through which a certain

number of high schools are now being

equipped with a staff of one or two teach-

ers to carry on agricultural work during

the winter months. As a. final argument





Agriculture and

the State.





the gentleman refers to the fact that we

have a banking commissioner, a good





' "THE ’mchAN FARMBR.





roads commissioner, etc. ., and believes

that by gathering up the loose branches

of agricultural éndeeyor a good. strong.

healthy department of government could

be formed, and this not only in the inter-

est of the farmers, but as well those of

the consumer, through “a wide awake

commissioner who would not Only see to

the producing of the commodities but also

to the marketing through the best of con-

ditions. " ‘



tions.” _



The suggestion made is at least worthy

of serious consideration and thought.

There are, however, two sides to the

proposition. Jhe people of Michigan are

to be congratulated on the advancement

which they are making in the encourage-

ment of better agriculture and the at-

tracting of general attention to the ad-

vantages of the several sections of Mich-

igan through some of the organizations

above mentioned, and also for the suc-

cessful solution of the marketing prob-

lem in isolated localities where other or-

ganizations of special producers have been

formed with this end in view.



It is undoubtedly true that that which

costs us somethingln both money and

effort is better appreciated by the average

man than that which is a. gift, conse-

quently the progress which is made by

the farmers themselves, acting independ-

ently and upon their owu initiative, will

make for a permanency in the betterment

of our agriculture in a manner which can-

not be approached by state influence. It

is true that some states, having an oflicer

who might be compared in the matter of

his official duty to the proposed commis-

sioner of farming advocated in this in-

terview have been greatly benefited there-

by, both in practical results in aid ex-

tended to their farmers and in a whole-

some kind of advertising for the state;

but this has only occurred where the right

man has been secured for the place and

retained in the place for a long term of

years. Kansas is a notable instance of

the beneficial results which have come

from this kind of work. However; where

the officer is made appointive the eflect-

iveness of the work which might be ac-

complished by the right man is very like-

ly to be hampered by the political factors

of the case and the man made a. victim

of the mania of house cleaning with which

some of our state executives seem to be

afflicted, regardless of‘ the merits of the

cases involved.



Then again, while it would not be diffi-

cult to educate our legislators to be lib-

eral in the matter of appropriations for

the extension of agricultural educational

.work in our state, experience has shown

that after such appropriations are made

they must run the gauntlet of executive

approval, which may be withheld in the

attempt to make a record for economy

by the administration in power even

though the need of and the benefit to be

derived from the appropriations may be

admitted.



So far as extension work is concerned

in introducing agricultural work in the

high schools of the state in a practical

way, it might be a surprise to the author

of this interview to learn that Michigan

is perhaps in advance of any other state

in the Union in this regard, this being the

third year in which a Department of Ag-

ricultural education has been established

under the auspices of our Agricultural

College, during which a considerable num-

ber of high schools have been provided

with teachers for the conducting of a

well defined course in agriculture in which

short course lectures for the farmers of

the various communities in which they

have been established have been a feature.

The results of this work will undoubtedly

be more beneficial in future years when

the work has progressed far enough to

supply teachers for common schools who

are equipped for the teaching/of the scien-

tific principles of elementary agriculture.



But it is in the last idea presented in

this interview that the most important

suggestion is made, in that such a com-

missioner might aid in the solution of the

marketing problem, as well as the prob-

lem of production for our farmers. The

problem of production will always remain

a strictly economic one. Our farmers

have been soil robbers from necessity in

more cases than from ignorance or choice.

The progress which has been made in the

dissemination of scientific knowledge re-

lating to agriculture has been quite satis-

factory during recent years, and this work

is gaining momentum with each passing

year, but almost nothing at all has been

done with regard to the economic solution

of the marketing problem.



As an instance in point we would here

insert information received from a re-

liable source to the effect that potatoes are

being retailed in Jersey City at the rate





of $3.00 per bushel and; in' bargain lots

at $7.00 per barrel, with nothing said

about the size of the barrel, ’while in

Brooklyn the price at the same time 'was

$3.20 per bushel, or 10 cents per quart.

Think of it. Potatoes retailing at such

prices on the seaboard while they are

available at leading points in Michigan at

50 cents per bushel with an average

freight rate to the point named of less

than 20 cents per bushel. Here is cer-

tainly room for some good work by the

state as well as by the agricultural 'de-

partment of the national government in

solving this proposition of economic dis-

tribution of food stuffs. In Pennsylvania

the State Grange istaklng the initiative

in this matter and it is proposed to per-

fect an organization of the producers





which will put the supply in close touch,





with the demand in the great markets of

the east.



Undoubtedly the farmers of Michigan

will welcome a. state department which

would take up this problem and aid in

its effective solution. Undoubtedly more

benefits will accrue to them from such

a. course than could possibly accrue from

the threshing over of the old straw in an

effort to disseminate among our farmers

information which is now reaching them

through other channels, such as the ag-

ricultural press, experiment station bul—

letins, farmers’ institutes, etc., as well as

through the efforts and initiative of agri-

cultural organizations which are spring-

ing up in all sections of the state.





The proposition



Do We Need a Special of calling a spe-

Session? clal session of



the legislature,



which is being considered by the gover-





nor at this time, is one which interests





all the people of the state. The two pos—

sible excuses for such a special session

are the re-apportionment of congressional

districts of the state to provide a district

for the additional congressman to which

Michigan is entitled at the next election

and the consideration of the report of the

eciai commission to study taxation

ters, which was appointed by the gov-

ernor pursuant to authority given by the

present legislature at its regular session.



So far as the first matter is concerned

it would not appear of sufficient import-

ance to warrant a. special session of the

legislature, since, by the election of a.

congressman at large, Michigan would

secure her full quota of representation for

the next congressional term. The only

potent influence for a special session on

this account would come from the people

or the interests of Detroit, who feel that

the metropolis of the state would secure

another congressman under a re—appor-

tionment based upon the population of the

state as shown by the last census.



So far as taxation matters are con—

cerned, the report of the special commis-

sion will be of such a nature that consid-

erable time will be required for its study

by the citizens of the state before public

sentiment will crystallize to such an ex-

tent as would make any legislation which

might be enacted in strict conformity with

the views of the majority of the people

of Michigan upon this vexed subject.



Experience has shown that legislative





action taken at special sessions is gener-‘





ally rather hasty and more often than

otherwise unsatisfactory in the light of

future experience. A review of the legis-

lation which has been enacted at special

sessions of the legislature in Michigan

will substantiate this general proposition,

while the result of the special session of

congress the present year was anything

but satisfactory to the people of the

country, except to the special interests

whose ends were served in the effective

revision of the paper schedule of the tariff

law under the guise of a reciprocity bill,

which the people of Canada were good

enough to kill for us.



While a special session of the'legislature

at this time might serve some political

ends, we do not believe it is in demand

by the farmers of the state particularly,

and that the action. of Ingham County

Farmers’ Club, which passed resolutions

in opposition to the calling of a special

session at this time, fairly reflected the

sentiment of the country people upon this

proposition, believing that there are no

economic problems demanding solution

which cannot be the better solved by a

year’s public discussion and consideration.





In another column of



The Farm Labor this issue there is pre-

Problem. sented an idea which



is at least worthy of



careful consideration and thought. The

suggestion is presented that the Japanese

and Chinese might be made a. suitable

source from which to secure form labor.

both within and without the house. The





' OCT. ~28. 1911.





plen,»~however, ---hss some serious disad-

vantages, as well as some promising fen-i

tures. First, the laborer would have nec-

essarily to be retained for some years in

the same employment to become efficient.

whether in indoor or outdoor work, and

it would be difficult to make such an ar-

rangement sufficiently permanent under

conditions which prevail in this country.



However, there is no doubt that some~

thing should be done upon the average

farm toward the solution of this vexed

problem. Help on the farm is sufficiently

difficult to secure under present condi-

tions, but help in the house is a much

harder problem, and more often than’oth-

erwise can not be secured at all. Too

often the result is that the housewife is

overworked through the necessity of

boarding the farm help in the home. This

is a condition not to be desired upon most

farms and the best remedy, where hired

help must be employed. is to so arrange

the farm campaign that the work will be

distributed throughout the year, then

build a suitable tenement house and hire

a married man by the year. This kind of

help will be found much more stable and

dependable and the labor problem within

the home will be at least partially solved.

In the meantime any adequate solution

of the entire problem will be welcomed

by a large class of our farm people. Per-

haps the suggestion above referred to is

along the right line.





WHY NOT use THE—CHINESE AND‘





JAPANESE FOR FARM WORK?



It is now conceded that one of the

worst conditionsofound in farm life is the

uncertainty and instability of the help.

both as to farm hands and house ser-

vants.



No manufacturer would for a. moment

think of running his factory and con-

tracting for material ahead of his wants

unless he was sure of the workmen, but

the farmer is made nervous and filled

with a. feeling of uncertainty because he

is not at all certain of having help for

his crops, or if he has it in March he

may have none later on, consequently it

makes nervous the best of them as there

is nothing so hard on the nervous sys-

tem as uncertainty.



It is often Worse with the women folks.

All can point to farmers!‘ who are well

fixed and ready to enjoy life at the old

home whose wives cannot secure help of

any kind for several months in the year.



We believe that the government can

easily arrange to do away with all of this

by allowing the Chinese and Japanese to

come over and contract, say for five

years, as farm laborers only, - and the

Japanese as house servants only for the

same period. A contract could easily be

entered into that would protect all con-

corned. Of course, they would not be

allowed the right of suffrage but they

would not care for it.



Which one of our congressmen now

will take the lead in this matter and

give the farmers his views? We allowed

the Irish and Germans to come in and

never regretted it. We now allow the

Italians and Greeks to come as common

laborers. Why not do something for the

farmer? There is not a. large contract

now being carried out by any of the pub-

lic utilities that the foreign laborer is

not called upon to do the manual labor,

and there can certainly be no reason

why, if properly arranged, the farmer

should not have a good supply of such

work as the strong Chinese can give

them.



Missouri. R. H. STOCKTON.





HAPPENINGS OF TH E—WEEK.





National. ’



The question of compelling two tele-

phone systems operating in the same ter-

ritory to make physical connection of

their wires, is a matter to be determined

soon by the courts of Michigan The

Giles Act, passed by the last legislature,

is the basis for the action being brought.



An explosion of powder in the O’Gara

mine, near Harrisburg, Ill, resulted in

eight miners being killed and others ren-

dered unconscious by the impact. Fortu-

nately, the accident occurred while shifts

were being made and only 16 men were in

the shaft at the time.



A tentative agreement has been reach-

ed between the city officials and the De-

troit United Railway whereby patrons can

purchase tickets at the rate of eight for

twenty—five cents between the hours of

5 a. m. and 8 p. m., and six tickets for

twenty-five cents the remainder of the

day. This agreement was effected after

extended conferences between the au-

thoritis and the D U. R. officials. The

matter must now be voted upon by the

city council and go before the people for

ratification.



The twenty- fourth national confer-cues

of the Unitarian Church convenes in





 





Washington this Week. An attendance of,

of Virglnla,_





1,500 is expected.

The attorney-generals
-$.'





 





 





 





oo‘r. as. 1911. -





North Carolina and South Carolina, who

have been in conference considering plans

for the reorganizing of the American To-

bacco Company which was ordered dis-

solved by the United States circuit court,





‘has declared the scheme proposed by the





company to be one that would not pro-

vide the relief sought and would make the

victory of the government barren of any

results. “This conclusion is being put in

the form of a petition to be filed in the

United States circuit court that they may

be heard in argument regarding the dis-

solution and reorganization of the con-

cern.



Eugene Ely, one of the most noted av-

iators in the United States, fell to his

death while manoeuvering a bi-plane at

the state fair grounds at Macon, Georgia,

last week. He was the first aviator to

successfully launch an aeroplane from

the deck of a ship, having accomplished

this from the United States battleship

Birmingham.



Because of threatened prosecution by

the United States government under the

Sherman anti-trust law, the United States

Steel Corporation has cancelled a lease of

the great northern properties which con-

tain ore valued at; $300,000,000. The move-

ment will likely open a field for the steel

trust‘s competitors.



Governor Dix, of New York, has signed

the primary bill passed by the last as-

sembly of that state and makes that

measure a law. The governor has ap-

proved or vetoed all but flVe measures

p28ed by the last legislature.



.fter a very stormy session the na-

tional American woman’s suffrage asso-

ciation re-elected Dr. Anna Shaw, of





Pennsylvania. as the president of that,





organization. The election was finally

made unanimous.



John R. Walsh, former head of the Chi-

cago National Bank, who in 1909 was con-

victed of misappropriating funds of that

institution and was sent to Leavenworth

penitentiary, died at his home in Chicago

after being pardoned by President Taft.



A meeting of vessel owners and man-

agers operating on the great lakes is be-

ing held in Cleveland this week for the

purpose of merging their interests into

one large combination.



A delegation of Saginaw business men

will attend the meeting of the state tax

commission purposely called to demand

that a special session of the Michigan leg-

islature be called for the revision of the

taxing system of the state.



Seven buildings were destroyed by fire

at Milton, W. Va., causing a loss of

$800,000.



Minneapolis miliers have brought ac-

tion in the commerce court to break an

alleged combination on the part of rail-

roads affiliated with the trunk lines asso-

ciation.



After‘a long contest with the railroads

over the high charges for carrying mixed

car loads of live stock, the Chicago Live

Stock Exchange, which took up the mat-

ter in behalf of country shippers, has

come out ahead, the Illinois railroad and

warehouse commission having induced

the roads to come down from their for-

mer excessive charges. This is going to

result in enormous saving of money to

live stock shippers. who have been com-

pelled in the past to pay roundly for ship-

ping a cow or calf in a car load of hogs

or for putting a sheep or a goat in with

hogs.



Foreign.



The Italians are using military aviators

in their campaign against the Turks in

Tripoli.



The Italian sulphur mine at Trabonella

is reported to be the" prison of 100 work—

ingmen who were trapped by fire breaking

out between them and the outside world.

Rescue work has had to be abandoned

until the flames are gotten under control.



After fighting 12 hours, Italian troops

captured Benghazi, which is located 420

miles southeast of Tripoli on the Gulf of

Sidra. While the city is not a large one,

consisting of 15,000 persons, it is of much

importance, being the starting point of

caravans for Egypt and Wadai. The

Italians captured 21 guns.



It is difficult to arrive at any conclu-

sions regarding the conditions in China.

But few reports reach the outside world

because of the strict censorship over mes-

sages from that country. It is certain,

however, that fighting has been going

on and meagre reports that have sifted

through the wall of censorship indicates

that the fighting has been severe and

likely will continue for some time as the

rebel army appears to be determined in

its campaign and the imperial forces are

loyally striving to save the Empire from

dissolution. An unconfirmed report states

that the main army of the Chinese gov-

ernment under war minister Yin Tchang

was defeated at Kwang Shui of Hu-peh

province. The imperial forces numbered

20,000 men, while the rebel army consist—

ed of only 15,000. This attack was pre-

ceded by severe fighting which resulted

in the federals occupying Hankow, who

afterwards drove the imperial troops sev-

eral miles to the north. The imperial

government has ordered 25,000 more

troops to the front with which it hopes

to stem the forward movement of the

rebels. The victories are encouraging to

the rebel forces and making it more easy

to enlist larger numbers in their cause.

An imperial victory is the only thing that

can check the favor which the insurgents

are meeting. Four provinces are now

claimed to be under the control of the

rebels. European countries are watching

the situation very closely. Rear Admiral

Murdock, commander of the American

Asiatic fleet has departed from Manila

for Shanghai to be neager the seat of war.



Lord Kitchener has been ap inted

British agent for Egypt. This pos tion

has grown to be one of importance under

ordinary circumstances. but now that

trouble between Turkey and Italy is in

progress, 'diflicult problems will be pre—



Admiral Togo, of Japan, who recently

made a tour of England and the United

States, arrived home last week. He ex-

pressed himself as highly pleased with





h





   





THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER.‘





the hospitality of the American Republic.

.Because railways refused to blacklist

firms having labor troubles, em-

ployes held a mass meeting Monday even-

ing at ~Dublin, to consider calling a gen-

eral strike on three of the principal sys-

tems of railway of the country.

Considerable activity is evidenced

among the royalists of Portugal, who for

some time past have been quietly making

plans for the restoration of that country

to the royalist party. It is believed. how-

ever, that the strength of the republican

government is such as to resist all efforts

of the old party. ‘





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Mecoata Co., Oct. 19.—The latter part

of September and fore part of October

was quite wet. Many of the farmers on

low. wet ground lost almost their entire

potato crop. Potatoes were better than

many had thought for earlier in the sea-

son. They rangc from 75 to 250 bushels

per acre. Most of the crop is dug'and

much of the crop was marketed out of

the field at 45 and 50c per bushel. Much

of the corn crop is husked with a yield

below last year‘s and much more soft

corn than last year. About the usual

amount of fall seeding was done this sea-

son, more wheat and less rye being sown

than usual. Many of the farmers raised

a crop of contract beans; something you

will not see next year, in our opinion.

The same with cucumbers; the growers

demand a better price for next year’s

crop. Cattle do not look as well as usual

for this time of year. The fall work is

well in hand by all.



Case 60., Oct. 20.—Practically all of the

wheat and rye of the county has been

sowed. Never for 20 years has the sow-

ing of wheat been so late. We have had

so many rains and such hard ones that

the ground has been fitted over and over

before the sowing was finally accomp-

lished. The present pleasant weather is

being used to harvest the apple crop.

More orchards have been sprayed and

cared for this year than usual. Thou-

sands of barrels are being shipped from

the different towns. The high winds of

a week or two ago blew off many apples.

Cider apples are shipped at 28c per hun-

dred. Barrelled apples are selling for

$1681.50. Rye has touched a higher mark

than wheat this fall, consequently more

rye has been sowed than usual. Not

much corn has been husked so far, but

many will begin this week to husk. Chick—

ens, old, are bringing lingo; young, 11sec;

eggs, 22c. Potatoes are yielding pretty

well this fall and are mostly of market-

able size, selling at 45c per bushel. The

grapes are about all marketed.



Branch Co., Oct. 23.-The weather has

been very changeable, having lots of rain.

good. Have had no hard frosts. Many

Corn all cut and wheat sown and looking

have commenced husking and corn is

turning out fairly well. Fodder injured

by so much wet weather. Apples, largest

crop in years, but no ready sale. It is

very hard to sell them for $1 per bbl.

Cider apples 30c per hundred. Clover

seed light crop and injured by wet weath-

er. Pasture looking good for this time of

year. Late potatoes are turning out an

average yield. Hay selling at from $14

@20 per ton. Much straw is being fed





__





and considerable corn fodder will be

shredded for feed. Are getting the fol-

lowing prices for produce: Wheat, 92c;





com, 630; oats, 42c; potatoes, $1; clover

seed, $8@10.



Lapeer Co., Oct. 14.—Fine weather for

the potato harvest, the job that farmers

are now rushing, and hauling the crop to

their local buyers where they get 500 per

bushel, not as good a price as present

conditions would allow, but many potato

growers seem much in need of money

and therefore rush the popular potato to

the market if they are green. The bean

crop seems to be now all secured, after

such a long time with continued rains

and so many repeated turnings. But little

corn husked as yet, only about enough for

feeding. Lots of wheat was put in late

on account of the ground being too wot,

some not drilled in until October. Fall

pastures much improved. Clover seed not

all secured yet. This surely has been a

good season for apples; large quantities

are being shipped. Sugar beets are being

hauled to cars and are a nice crop, but

the prices are not satisfactory. No sale

for Kiefer pears. The usual amount of

rye is being put in. Hay brings a big

price. Not much of a boom in the sale

of farms.



Indiana.



Steuben Co., Oct. 23. We have had no

killing frosts yet, but lots of rain. The

wheat was about half in when it began

to rain and kept it up for about two

weeks so it was impossible to go on the

fields: then it was finished in the mud.

but it has continued wet and warm so

most of the fields look green at this time.

Corn is moulding some in the shock and

the fodder is nearly spoiled. Husking has

just commenced and the yield is about

an average in quality and quantity. Late

potatoes are a big crop and farmers are

selling them at 500. It is doubtful if any

one ever saw more apples in this county

than there are this year; a good many car

loads have been shipped for cider at 20c

per 100 lbs., and a few hand-picked winter

apples are sold in town for 40c per bu.

Pastures are good and stock is looking

well. There are not as many hogs or fall

pigs as common and hogs will not be

made as heavy as last year on account of

high prices for feed. Other live stock

is very dull because of a short hay crop.





 





 





NATIONAL MEETING OF INSTITUTE

WORKERS.





 





The annual meeting of American Asso-

ciation of Farmers’ Institute Workers will

be held at Columbus, Ohio, November

13 to 15. inclusive. At the same place

and beginning November 15 will be held

the annual meeting of the Association of

American Agricultural Colleges and Ex-

periment Stations.





 





in) 373.





'40bll$|lel crops



_,,. mr' m on the



. iii Land

‘ ‘ I





‘ .



. .

O



o





2"





'Q.‘





 

     





I'm





   

 

 





This is what T. M. K. Ville did at



Mercedes, in the lower Gulf Coast

Country of Texas and Louisiana. On

January 18th last, be planted 6 acres to corn.

He got 240 bushels, which he sold for $1 a

bushel. Cost of seed, planting, cultivation water

and gathering was $33, leaving him a net profit

of $207. On June Is: he planted a second crop

and got 240 bushel from it. This crop cost

$39, leaving him a net profit of $201. From

the 2 crops hecleared $408—not bad {orb acres,

and he can now grow a crop of fall potatoes on the same land and market

them before Christmas. This is not unusual in the





Gulf Coast Country of Texas and Louisiana





Three crops a year is making money just 3 times as fast as you are, and the Gulf

Coast farmer saves more of what he makes than the northern farmer, because

he has none of the northern farmer’s heavy winter expenses.





Investigate This Wonderful Country





The pleasure of a trip to the Gulf Coast Country of Texas and Louisiana, via the

Frisco Lines, is well worth the little cost of going. On the first and third Tues-

days of each month, round trip fares, via Frisco Lines, are greatly reduced to any

point in the Gulf Coast Country—not more than $37.50 from Chicago, $32.50 from

St. Louis and Kansas City and $37.50 from Birmingham—to some points in the

Gulf Coast Country fares are even less. From Baton Rouge and New Orleans

$20 to the farthermost points—to most points much less.



The Frisco Lines operate splendid. electric lighted, all steel trains, daily, from

Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Birmingham, and New Orleans. Every day these

trains carry through cars and on excursion days also carry tourist sleepers

through to the Gulf Coast Country.





3 Splendid Books FREE





One on the Mid-Coast country of Texas, one on the lower irrigated sec-

tions of the Rio Grande Valley and one on Louisiana. all beautifully

illustrated, showing scenes in actual colors. They describe the country

and crops, from one end to the other. giving examples of successes and

personal statements by men who have gone there and made good.

Write for your free copies. toda . while you think of it.



A. HILTON, General Passenger Agent, 1430 nsco Building, St. Louis, MO





 





A Square Deal

For the Farmers’ Feet





The farmers’ feet get lots of work;

in fact, they’re at it all day long. They

are entitled to a square deal. They are

entitled to warmth in cold weather, dryness in

wet weather, and ease and comfort all the

time. They get all these in





THE ELEPHANT HEAD

RUBBER BOOTS





the fine new brand made by the famous old Woonsocket

Rubber Co. , the company that for the past 45 years has

made the most popular boots in the world.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The Elephant Head brand comprises a

full line of rubber boots-Hip, Short—

everything, and also all styles of shoes;

all sizes from men’s to children’s, and

they all have





The Elepnani Head

Trade-Mark





Look for it. Sold everywhere.





WWISOBKET IIIBBEI Cl





Woonsockct, R. I. Elephant Head





Trude—Hark _





Get Our Half Price Offer





THE CAPITAL GASOLINE ENGINE





is not of the cheap push-rod type. It, has a revolving cam shaft on

the Side. Has no valves in the cylinder head. Write for big Catalog.

Get our profit-sharmg plan. On the market 17 years.





   

 





 





 





 





SAVE YOUR BID!





High lifting tires and wears ,

you‘out. Avoid it by using an ' .





Electric "and! Wagon A

have it the easiest





 

 





“ We will fit your old

‘- ‘ running gears with





Electric Steel 1'





and make your wagon into a low down handy wagon.





 

 





and but on or term work. Low .



tir ateel wheels—the ' We lit any sale. A set at wheeb at little cost give you

:3. broa es, Stroll for all awagnn good unaw.Write for catalog and particulars.

work, no bre downs no repairs. ELECTRIC “E E I. 00.. Box anulnoy. Ill.
374 . 04)





THE 'MrCHrGAN FARMBRJ . '





 





' PRACTICAL SCIENCE.





 





THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SOIL.





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.





If all the material which represents the

organic structure of plants came directly

from the soil, we may imagine that with-

out the addition of fertilizers on an ex-

ceedingly large scale the soil would be-

come speedily exhausted of its plant food

supply. We haVe a great many examples

in this country and in Europe of soils

which have been called exhausted soils

inasmuch as they will not produce a crop

at a profit. To many of these soils the

term “exhausted” is a. misnomer, for a

chemical analysis of the soil proper will

show a considerable quantity of the ulti-

mate plant food constituents, such as

potassium, phosphorous and calcium.

They act like exhausted soils because the

system of cultivation under which they

have been operated has not been ade-

quate to encourage the solution of the

plant food constituents which these soils

contain and because at the same time

perhaps no manures of any description

haVe been added to them.





The first function of tne plant food

constituents in the soil is probably not

as a direct source of plant food at all.

Their primary function is no doubt an

administrative one. By far the greater

bulk of plants is made up of Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen, ele-

ments which do not deplete the soil a

particle. We would not lose sight, of

course, of the fact that the mineral ele-

ments, particularly phosphorus, iron, cal-

cium, and some others, do form an in-

tegral part of certain organic products

in plants but they are present there in

an exceedingly minor ratio to the organic

elements present and which latter did

not come directly from the soil. It seems

that a certain more or less balance of

these plant food constituents is desirable

in the production of a maximum crop but

it is necessary on most soils to arrange

this balance through the instrumentality

of a very effective system of cultivation

so that a maximum crop may be pro-

duced for many years. The real func-

tion, we say, of the mineral elements in

the soil is an administrative function.

We mean by this that it is in the pres-

ence of these mineral elements, lime,

phosphorus, potassium, etc., that the dif-

ferent organic compounds in plants are

built. The amount of phosphorus, and

the amount of lime, and the amount of

calcium, etc., used in the manufacture in

the tissues of the plant of the different

organic compounds which we find at ma-

turity in that plant cannot be measured

by the analysis of the plant at maturity.

We know, for example, that starch and

sugar cannot be formed in the absence

of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, etc.

On the other hand, the analysis of starch

will show not a trace of one of these

elements mentioned. By means of this

administrative function, so to speak, of

these mineral elements in the soil, such a

condition has been brought about that

the plant is enabled to manufacture the

starch, the sugar, etc. The analysis of

the plant material also shows that a sur-

prisingly large amount of the mineral

elements are present in the organic struc-

ture in the inorganic form, by which we

mean that much of the so-called plant

food material, when taken into plants,

is taken in by a more or less mechanical

process and is not a constituent part of

the cell structure at all. This again shows

to us that the greater office of the min-

eral plant food is an administrative

office. It is in the presence of these min-

eral elements that plants form and ac-

cumulate from the atmosphere the major

portion of the substances of which they

consist. “’e do not mean to imply, nor

do We wish it understood, that the min-

eral elements of the soil are not in any

capacity direct food for the plant because

a certain amount of these mineral in-

gredients do not enter into the structure

of the plants. For example, the embryo

of the plant seed contains a considerable

quantity of phosphorus and to the phos-

phorus is attributed much of the so-called

vital influence of the seed. Again, in

the chlorophyl, or coloring matter of the

leaves of the plant, the mineral element,

iron, seems to bear a very important re-

lationship to the synthesis of this sub-

stance, chlorophyl.



Certain it is, as we haVe learned from

the history of the so-called exhausted

soils, that no matter how much Nitrogen,

Potassium, Phosphorus, or Calcium there





is in the soil, that until it is in the state

of fine division plant rootlets will derive

very little nourishment from it.



In the Sister Islands, in the Niagara

river, one of the very interesting fea-

tures is to see large trees growing seem-

ingly on solid rock. There is practically

no soil and yet the tree has developed

and grown to maturity. Its nourishment

has not been derived from the rock upon

which it stands for the rock is so mas—

sive in size that the amount of material

passing into solution from the rock is

very small indeed, and by far insufficient

to support the needs of the growing tree.

The roots will be found entwined around

the rock and, if we observe closely, pro-

jecting below into the water, and the tree

is really living a life of luxury upon the

so-called plant food brought to it in so-

lution in the waters of the Niagara.





We will see, then, that something else

is necessary in the soil other than the

total amount of plant food constituents

which it contains. We may guess that

this other factor is in a large measure

controlled by the proper system of tillage

or cultivation. Tillage does not effect the

total amount of plant food in a soil ex-

cept as it may reach into the subsoil, but

it tends to separate the soil particles, and

it tends to promote a healthy condition

of capillarity in the soil which encourages

a more speedy solution of the plant food

in the soil and thus makes it available

for crop production.



We will not have opportunity to go into

an academic discussion, here, of these

various terms used. They are ordinary

terms and most of us will, without much

effort, fully appreciate their meaning.

It may be sufficient to state that by the

term “capillarity” We mean the tendency

of water to rise to the surface in the soil

in just the same way that oil rises in the

wick of a lamp, or in just the same way

that water will rise in a, cube of sugar

when one corner of it is tipped to the

surface of water. These are every day,

under-the-eye, comparisons and practi-

cally everyone will understand their sig-

nificance.



Most soils will respond to proper tillage

because tillage tends to keep the soil

water, that is, the capillary water of the

soil, more or less constant in its content

of plant food material. Under proper

tillage it is therefore possible to produce

for a considerable period a maximum crop

without resorting to the use of artificial

manures.



Lawes and Gilbert, in England, in one

of the most elaborate series of experi-

ments known, demonstrated that soils

may be made to produce many years

without use of fertilizers, provided proper

cultivation of the soil be practiced. On

the other hand, their experiments have

likewise demonstrated that it is a very

easy matter indeed to speedily place a

soil in such a condition that it will not

respond to crop production.



On exhausted soils commercial fertil-

izers have produced very decided results,

not only because they have supplied in-

gredients which were entirely lacking in

the soil, but because, by the use of fer—

tilizers, the soil water has been put back

to its normal condition. It is possible

that in many of these soils this same re—

sult might ultimately haVe been reached

as well as by the aid of artificial ma-

nures. It is certain that it is not in the

interests of economy to use artificial

manures to take the place of systematic

cultivation. It is many times advanta-

geous to supplement thorough cultivation

by the addition of artificial manures. It

is desirable that not only should the soil

contain a considerable quantity of the

mineral food agents, Potassium, Phos-

phorus, etc., but that its mechanical con-

dition should be such, likewise, that the

capillary water in the soil is enabled to

put this so-called plant food material in-

to solution. We must emphasize again

that the plant cannot derive nourishment

through no matter how great a quantity

of plant food there may be stored in the

soil unless that plant food is in solution

in the water of that soil.



We would assume, then, that the first

requisite of a soil is that it shall contain

an abundance of the plant food agents,

which we have discussed, and second,

that its mechanical condition shall be

such that these agents may be taken up

by the soil water and thus be enabled to

exercise their administrative function in

the building of the cellular structure of

the plants. This first consideration leads





 





\





/.





 





A Quarter Century

of Perfect

Roofing Service

that; 3.?iii}Elf.Jéfiutsiffiirtfififiéil‘fi





(above illustrated), they never painted this roofing or

gave it the slightest attention.





15185527 ,

MIME





“ The Standard of Quality ”

Fire-proof’-—Weather-proof—Acid-proof





 





 





   





Keeps buildings warm in Winter and cool in Summer.



Sold by most dealers; or sold direct if not at your

dealer's.



Write for specimen of curious Asbestos rock and





I illustrated Book No. U-40 '

H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.

Manufacturers of Nb...“





, ' 7 3 ND E ‘ I

Maxine-in Products, lasagé‘ras Adm” R°°fi“9'. Publish





Electrical Supp es. Etc.

Kansas City Minneapolis Philadelphia Seattle

Lon u New Orleans





Cleveland



Dallas Pittsburgh_ , St. Louis



_ \ Detroit Milwau ee New York SnnFrancuco



1;} , For Canada—The Canadian H. W. Johns-Manville Company. Limited.



UK Toronto, Ont" Montreal, Que.. Winnipeg, Mam. Vancouver, B. C. 1488 l j





Baltimore

. on





sew—e





= BUY BONDS





Accepted by the U. S. Government as security for





Postal Savings Bank Deposits





 





That is the only class of bonds we offer you.

Bub-instead of the 2 percent the Postal Banks





w0uld pay you, these Bonds 1 3

will yield from - - - 42% to 44%





We have a complete list of these high-grade Bonds. Ask for





it-—It’ s FREE.





New First Nat’l Bank, 13%.. Columbus, 0.





 





 





 





 





 





Sturdy Jack 2 H. P. Pumper





 

 

 





, Send

Find out about this gasoline engine. It marks perfection in the For

2 H. P. Size, and solves the engine problem. An engine that I?"

can run by itself— is one that does not have to be propped up 32:1,”...

by pump or the machine it is running. A propped-up engine Books.





   

 





 





racks its work to pieces, does more damage than it helps.





Here is a Pumping Engine

that supports the Pump





It on don't realize what that means to you. we say. investi-

a e. Costs you only the trouble of writing ior our four engine

ooks to find out. 'This knowledge may save you dollars in‘



cash as well as In time and convenience. and save you from



buying an engine that Will soon go to the junk pile.





The Sturdy Jack is a horizontal on a like all the bi .



line engines—built for real serviiiial.I and gives it. “'A :30 .



goolfd;gvhgppgr-co‘fled. {trek-ivfifinted. Can be

as y e w ere wor a. o t



full information and get our low price. 0-day for





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





«4.;
OCT. 28. 1911.





us to make a chemical analysis of the

soil to determine the abundance of its

sorcalled plant food material. The sec-

ond consideration inVOIVes a mechanical

analysis for the purpose of determining

the availability, we may say, of that plant

food material.





 





Q





.ON ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION.





 





One result of the experimental studies

on dairy cows and steers which have

been conducted at some of the state ex-

periment stations is to cause the feeder

to pay greater attention to the compar-

ative values of different feeds which he

has to buy. There has been a popular

opinion among feeders that the succulent

ration has many points of superiority ov-

er the strictly dry ration. Just why has

:not been clear. Some experimenters

have dismissed this opinion by an ex-

periment which seemed to show that the

succulent feed had no greater digesti-

bility than the dry feed. Still the feed-

ers have refused to set aside their opin-

ions in this matter. To our mind much

injury has been caused by the lack of

sufficient foresight in planning experi-

mental work. Too frequently the end

in view is too remote throughout the ex-

periments to warrant satisfactory con-

clusions being drawn in the end, and in

their haste to pass upon some popular

opinion the experimenters have been con-

tent to let the results of some simple ex-

periment decide the case at hand. Many

experiments have been made which

seemingly tend to show that the factor

of succulency in the ration is not of suffi-

cient importance and of sufficient mo-

ment so that it may be measured in the

economical feeding of the animal. Ex-

perimenters have not realized that per-

haps the very methods employed were

not extensive enough to take into consid-

eration the differences that might exist.





We know now to a certainty that a

succulent feed has a decided advantage

over the dry feed in that, as quite plain-

ly ‘shown by the writer“ in his series of

experiments on dairy cows, the succulent.

feed is always digested at less cost to

the animal system than is the dry feed.

In other words, the percentage of net

available energy from the succulent feed

is considerably greater than from the dry

feed. About this same time the Ohio

station began a series of experiments on

cutting down the cost of the ration by

substituting a succulent feed, 1. e., corn

ensilage, for a portion of the grain in

the ration of dairy cows. These experi-

ments extended this to a very desirable

field. One of the main forces acting

against the economical production of milk

at the present time is the exceedingly

high cost of feeding material. If, then,

it is possible to substitute corn ensilage

or other succulent food for a portion of

this grain ration, it will be to the de-

cided advantage of the feeder.



*(Mich. Ex. Station—Factors of Succu-

lency).



Williams, at the Ohio station, fed the

following rations to two sets of dairy

cows. The cows receiving the dry ration

were fed the following feed: 4.7 lbs.

stover; 6.4 lbs. mixed hay; 5.0 lbs. corn

meal; 6.0 lbs. bran; 2.5 lbs. oil meal.



This gives a total of dry matter of 20.51

lbs, containing in all 2.9 lbs. protein, 3.8

lbs. crude fibre, 11.9 lbs. nitrogen free

extract and .7 lb. fats.



The other set of dairy cows received

the following ration: 58.0 lbs. corn en-

silage; 6.8‘Ibs. mixed hay; 2.0 lbs. oil

meal; 2.0 lbs. bran. The total amount of

dry matter showed 20.1 lbs; protein, 2.9

lbs; crude fibre, 5.0 lbs.; nitrogen free

extract. 10.0 lbs.; fat, .9 lb.



It may be observed that the amount of

crude fibre in the silage. or succulent ra-

tion, is slightly in excess of the crude

fibre in the grain, or dry ration, while

the percentage of protein in each ration

is approximately the same. This would

indicate that, ordinarily speaking, the

succulent ration was slightly less avail-

able than the dry ration, did we not take

into consideration the factor of succu-

lcncy at all. On the other hand, we have

shown that the factor of succulency in

the feed tends to counteract, and does

counteract to a. great degree, the excess

of fibre which that feed contains.



The average cost per month of the

succulent feed was $4.04. while the av—

erage cost of the dry feed per month

was $5.32, showing an advantage from

the cost standpoint in favor of the sil-

age, or succulent feed, of $1.28 per cow

per month. The amount of milk pro-

duced per 100 lbs. of dry matter from the

cows on the succulent. ration was 96.7

lbs. and the amount of rat per mo lbs.

per month on this same ration was 5.08

lbs., while on the grain ration, or dry





THE MICHIGAN: PARMER. (15)





ration, the amount of milk per 100 lbs.

dry matter was 81.3 lbs. and the amount

of fat, 3.90 lbs. per month, showing an

advantage here again in favor of the suc-

culent ration, of 15.4 lbs. of milk and

1.18 lbs. of fat per 100 lbs. dry matter

consumed. This caused 100 lbs. of milk

on the succulent ration to cost 68 cents,

whereas on the grain ration, or dry ra-

tion, it cost $1.05. A pound of fat on the

succulent ration cost 13 cents, whereas

on the dry ration it cost 22 cents. It

should be remembered that en'silage was

not used to the total exclusion of grain

and, in fact, we think that it should not

be used to the total exclusion of grain.

There is, no doubt, a point which is the

optimum point so far as the amount of

silage is concerned, and likewise so far

as the amount of grain is concerned. In

the succulent ration in this instance

more than 50 per cent of the total

amount of dry matter was derived from

the silage and less than 18 per cent de-

rived from the grain, whereas in the dry

ration over 50 per cent of the dry matter

was derived directly from the grain, no

silage being fed at all. On the silage ra-

tion the average net profit per cow per

month was $5.86 while the average net

profit per cow on the dry ration was but

$2.46. It seems very clear that the use

of silage may be extended very mate-

rially as a supplement to the grain ra-

tion at a great reduction in the cost. The

amount of silage that should be used we.

think may be governed largely by the

individual herd. Some cows will consume

to advantage greater quantities of silage

than will others and the best way to ar-

rive at this, at least so far as any pres—

ent knowledge we have is concerned, is

for the feeder to gradually cut down the





 





grain ration, introducing silage instead

until he has arrived at the most favorable

point.



FLOYD W. RORISON.





LABORATORY REPORT.





Beet Sugar vs. Cane Sugar.





What is the difference between beet

sugar and cane sugar?

Mrs. G. H. R.





Beet sugar and cane sugar differ only

in the source from which they are ob—

tained. The sugars themselves are no

more different than water obtained from

a. watermelon is different from the water

obtained from a muskmelon. Beet juice

is different from cane juice, and there-

fore a syrup made by the evaporation of

beet juice would be different from a syrup

made by the evaporation of cane juice.

The sugar present in beet juice, or beet

syrup, however, is identical with the

sugar present in cane juice, or true cane

syrup.



We are aware that there is a popular

impression that beet sugar is not only

different from, but inferior to, cane sugar.

The writer is reminded of an incident in

a grocery store in Lansing when a grocer

was demonstrating from two open barrels

of sugar, the superiority of cane sugar

to beet sugar. The barrel of beet sugar

was a product of a local beet sugar fac-

tory whereas the supposed cane sugar

came from the refinery in New York

city. To the writer’s knowledge both

barrels were beet sugar, but the one came

direct from the factory, whereas the oth-

er had been further purified.



When beet sugar was first manufac-

tured in Michigan some of the first sent

out was inferior in color and besides had

a considerable beet odor. This product

was the main cause of the ouium which

has clung to beet sugar since, and now

any sugar which is dark and inferior is

immediately called beet sugar.



For several years much of our granu-

lated sugar has been imported from Ger-

many and all that comes from Germany

is beet sugar. It is subjected to a refin-

ing process, however, in this country, and

when refined there is no evidence remain-

ing of its beet origin. We consumed beet

sugar in Michigan long before we pro-

duced a single pound.





 





CATALOG NOTICES.





J- M Asbestos Roofing is fully illustrat-

ed and described in catalog No. 303 and

will be sent upon request to the H. W

Johns- Manville Co., 100 Williams Street,

New York city This 52- page booklet

tells all about the superior merits of as-

bestos roofing, both as to the material

which is used in its manufacture and the

methods used in its making. Many

testimonials are printed with regard to

the service secured from this roofing, in-

cluding instances in which it has rend-

ered adequate service for a quarter of a

century and still remained in good con-

dition. Mention the Michigan Farmer

when sending for literature which will

tell all about this water and fire— -proot

roofing





u





 

   

 





/7

/

/





   





/





 





 





 

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





i

x i

\

h

\ h

a h

s h

a \

\ "Thirty-six” Touring Car

§ 5- pawn—$1800 \

§ Lonzslrolenwhr,Chain-ersulf-sfarur. , §

§ four forward speeds, Bosch dual igni- §

§ tion, Solar gas lamps and Prest-O-Lite §

\\\ tau}, ventilate! fore-doors, 36x4-mcll \

§ tires. Continental dmountable rims \

\ i

\ h l C \

x You Buy a C a mers ar e

\ \

§ . g; 12 §

\ Worth the Money §

§

\ . . \

\ FT san atis- wheels and framents all-around dura-

§ I EEN thou . d s f bility that hascountedmostinmain— §

§ fi.ed Owners fumlSh proo taining its leadership in its class. §

§ that 1n buying a Chalmers you In addition to the Chalmers “30” §

§ buy a car worth the money. this season, we offer the new model §

§ Utmost value at the price—one “Thirty-six” at $1800. This car §

§ price to all-and service guaran— fizpresenf ts a degelopmcn; along the §

\ teed is the Chalmers policy. We ' e 0 increase size an power.

§ have been unable to find any We ask you to compare the §

\ brand of salesmanshi equal to “Thirt -six” with an 5-pass er \

h It th d p rt 1‘ y ' Myt “W40 \

\ qua 1 y in e goo s, or any so 0 car at any price. 0 or g1ves :

§ advertising one- half so effective as h. p. in tests; four forward speed §

§ good words spoken by those who transmission; Chalmers self-starter; '\

§ know the merit of Chalmers cars. demountable rims; finished like the §

\ The Chalmers “30” holds the costliest cars; thoroughly proved. ,\

\ - \

§ . world’s speed record for cars of its We believe no one more than the ' §

§ class. It holds the national relia- farmer knows that quality means : §

§ bility record—winning the Glidden economy. Every successful farmer a§

\ 1 Tour of lQlD—the hardest motor has learned this from his experience 1 \

§ contest ever held. with farm machinery. §

§ Last year the Chalmers “30,” What is true of the binder, the §

§ fully equipped, cost $1750. This reaper, or the threshing machine is . §

§ - year, with the 1912 improvements, doubly true of the latest and great- ‘ §

§ equipped with thoroughly venti- est machine yet invented for farm §

§ lated fore-doorbodies, inside control use—the practical automobile. §

§ magneto, gas lamps, Prest- 0- Lite When you buy a Chalmers you §

§ tank,including alsoChalmersmohair discount the first cost by its known \\

§ top and automatic wind- ' durability. It is always §

\ shield, it is offered at $1500! “Guaranteed Sound.” ' \

§ The Chalmers “30” has We ask you to inspect §

§ always been noted for ex- the new Chalmers cars at §

\ cellence of design; grace of our dealer’s. A postal card \

h line; beauty of finish. But or letter will give you our §

\ . \

h It has been the sturdiness new catalog and any fur- §

§ of its motor and transmis- 5‘} ,‘mf’ag' 27“,;1 ther information you may §

\\ sion, the strength in its J’Z’ufil’fiififmfiri desire on Chalmers cars. \





 

 





 





Chalmers Motor Company: Detroit. Mich \\\

\ \\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\





 





 





[VL' [5751?





g. Loaded Shells

“LEADER” AND “REPEATER”





You can’t buy safer, faster, harder, more

even shooting or better keeping loads than

Winchester "Leader” or “Repeater"

shells. For field, fowl, or trap shooting,

. they are in a class by themselves, and give entire



satisfaction in any make of shotgun. The results they

give are due to their patented construction and the care-

ful and exact manner in which they are loaded. The

patent Corrugated Head used on Winchester shells is

an invaluable feature. TIt absorbs the shock of the

powder explosion and takes the strain from the paper

tube instead of localizing it, as the old English method

of metal lining does. That’s why “Leader” and

"Repeater" shells are stronger and less apt to cut off

at the mouth than shells made according to English

ideas of long ago. Try them and you’ll be convinced.





Ask for Red w Brand SheHs with Corrugated Heads





 

 





 





 





   





1" III. in, 'IIIJNIIII “11'1" I'M I!“ 1





_ 1"1uui1 lllll-lL ' Minilunhllll “111...: "null





 





   

 





$225 an Acre from Potatoes





a - ama, 1’ cstem

moflda,TcnnCSSCC and along the Gulf Coast. Good gnces are alwaysobtainable and demand





1 Early potatoes are one o the est-paying crops raise-1n uthcrn ‘





(or same beyond the supply. Read what a farmer at mmerdale. Ala” has to say on this crop:



any yieldo ”snob pot-toes thisy can!“ we was!!!) bushels, which sold readily at I1. 50



per bushel, this both ethe first crop on hell followed this cropwith sweet pot-toes



nnd-weeteommd uphmodmpcu. lmedtheempeonthehndinoneym,“



of which brought good prices."



sweet potatoes produce big returns and are usually planted after Irish potatoes have

Men (1119. Two tothrec threchtmdred bushels an acre are produced and bring from 50cents to

a 75 per bushel. Let no lend you our illustrated booklets and learn what can be done in a.

country where fertile land can be purchased cheaply and where there are 312 working

days a year. I" rod-trip hm nil 3d! each month. (208)





 





£LM~IHI¢MMM8 ll,“ 256W!»
' Mascara ........a—.~. ' .. .





 





 





 





 

 





,Vomaij: and Her Needs





,At Home - and Elsewhere





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘\





 





More Useful Embroidery Stitches—Article ll.





 





By Mae Y. Mahaffy.





Ismit stitch is a favorite one for quick-

ly covering rather wide spaces, whether

in floral or conventional designs. It may

be used in borders, also, the space cov-

ered being uniform thrpughout. It is in

reality an adaptation of the common

herringbone stitch, but is used for wider

surfaces, and the under stitches meet, so

that the long stitches cross, forming

diamonds, similar to some kinds of

couching. Indeed, these crossed threads

may be couched down with short stitches

in wide spaces, producing an attractive

allover effect. A short stitch is taken

first on one edge and then on the other,

the needle pointing toward the starting

point, and always being brought up at

the point where the last line left off, as

in illustration No. 1.



A conventional stitch known as Janina,

No- 2, is used for oval figures, bars, etc.

Like the Ismit stitch the lines intersect

across the space, but in such manner





is sometimes planned so that the short

central stitches are placed somewhat be-

neath the stitches on the edges, thus

drawing the crossing threads down a

little by the short ones in the center.

This gives a slant to the two halves of

tne long stitch, which is highly appropri-

ate for leaf forms, the short stitches act-

ing as the midrib. Larger figures, leaves,

flowers, and conventional shapes are also

covered by close set rows of this stitch

worked straight, as in the illustrations,

the stitches on one edge being placed

close in between those of the previous

row. The result is an undulating effect

which is decidedly ornamental, particu-

larly so when several shades or colors

are made use of.



Cretan and other eastern work often

incorporates the Cretan stitch, so-called,

which is almost like buttonholing from

side to side. It is shown in No. 5 in its

two steps. Four lines should be simulat-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





/ -





 





 





 





that an extra row of diamonds occur.

The stitches may be set quite closely, so

that a covering of solid color is secured,

or they may be spaced a bit. .



Number 3 illustrates the Persian stitch,

used in much of the work of Persia, as

well as elsewhere, and is made by car—

rying three threads, of one or different

colors, in the needle at one time. These

stitches also resemble the herringbone in

their arrangement, being taken from side

to side, working from left to right, but

each short stitch along the edge is taken

so that the needle is brought up between

the two preceding stitches, thus crowd-

ing the stitches quite closely together.

This is a rich, handsome design when

made in artistic colors.



An easily mastered, quickly made

stitch is frequently seen in eastern em—

broideries and is known as Roman or

Roumanian stitch. It is shown in figure

4. Two parallel lines are traced or

presumed, and the thread brought up on

the left line near the top. Then insert

the needle on the opposite line and bring

it up near the center, as in the first half

of the illustration. The remainder of the

diagram shows the next step. Insert the

needle below the crossing thread, just

a trifle to the side of where it was for-

merly brought up, and bring it out on

the left edge. It is then ready to proceed

with the next stitch. '



This stitch is used for leaf forms, and





 





ed, and the two central ones may be

placed rather close together or some dis—

tance apart, this movement producing a

great difference in the effect of the stitch,

as will be seen by a little practice. Bring

the needle up on the lower central line;

insert it on the upper line a little ‘in ad-

vance and bring it out on the upper cen-

tral line directly below, keeping the

thread under the point of the needle. See

“a” in the diagram. Now insert the

needle on the lowest line, bringing it out

on the lower central line, as in “b,” keep—

ing the thread to the right, as before.

Repeat these tw0 steps as long as may

be necessary to cover the required space.

This stitch may be widened or narrowed

by making the stitches longer or shorter,

and is thus admissable‘ for' use in leaf

forms and similar figures.

i t ‘



Basket stitch is satisfactorily used as

solid line work, or for representing bas-

ketry, etc. It is made between two par~

allel lines, and will look best when a

strongly twisted thread is used. Bring

the thread up on the left hand line; in-

sert on the right hand line about an

eighth of an. inch below, bringing it

through on the left hand side directly op-

posite. See first half of diagram No. 6.

Now insert the needle on the right hand

line above the last stitch on this side,

bringing it out on the left hand side di-

rectly opposite, as in remainder of the





 





sketch. Continue thus for the desired

space. The stitch, like so many of the

others, may be closely set or spaced, and

may be made wide or narrow.



Number 7 is known as fish-bone stitch,

and is made something like feather stitch,

one of the buttonhole variations. In

fiish-bone, however, the stitches outward

at either edge are much longer than

those down the center, and the straight

effect is produced rather than the undu-

lating. Bring the needle up at one side

of the center; insert it on the farthest

edge, bringing it out a little below and

to the side of the starting point, the

thread being held under the needle‘s

point. Work this from side to side, either

for straight lines or for covering leaf

and other forms.





Who is Everybody?





VERYBODY does it.”

What slaves we women are to

1. those words. How many needless

things we do, how much good money we

wickedly spend, because “Everybody does,

you know.”



There’s the matter of clearing the din-

ing-table between meals, for instance.

All our lives we have saved ourselves

work by leaving the cloth on the table

and the sugar bowl, salt and pepper

shakers and other articles that are used

every meal. All of a sudden some woman

discovers that in the homes of the weal-

thy where there is plenty of help the

table is cleared of everything and a hand-

some centerpiece put on between meals.

Immediately she adopts the idea and as-

sures us that “Nobody lets the table

stand any longer.” That is enough for

us. We certainly must keep “in," so we

add to our already heavy work by clear-

ing our table three times a. day.



We took up our carpets and laid rugs,

too, because “Everybody does.” And we

try to serve a five-course dinner every

time a friend comes because that is

“right.” “'e buy cut glass, not because

we like it but because “Everybody has

it.” \Ve join clubs and societies when we

feel we haven’t the time to give to them

and do not care a pin for the women who

are members, just because “Everybody is

in it and we can‘t afford to be out."





Houses away beyond our means are a

positive necessity, not because we





 





‘couldn't get along without the modern





improvements but because “Everybody

has them.” Clcthes that are not only

uncomfortable but unbecoming and ugly

as well must be Worn, because “Every-

body is wearing them this season.” Even

our food is not exempt and we serve cer-

tain viands that we positively dislike be-

cause “Everybody” demands that we eat

them or be under disapproval.

I I l





And who is “Everybody?" “Everybody

that is anybody,” we reply. And that,

if honestly interpreted, would mean the

few supercilious individuals in every pet-

ty little sooial circle who have only

brains enough to ape what the leaders in

the circle next higher are doing. We

allow our standards to be set by people

who have not individuality enough to lay

down rules for themselves but can only

copy what they see someone else doing.

We are afraid of the few self-constituted

leaders in our own little world.





Just stop and think what the term

“Everybody” literally means. Then pause

to consider how many people there are

in the whole wide world. In Michigan

alone there are 2,810,173 persons. In New

York city, 4,766,883; in London, 4,866,480;

in the United States, 93,402,151; in the

whole world is about 1,500,000,000. Of that

stupendous number if we should sit

down and count up all We could remem-

ber from earliest childhood, I doubt if we

would know more than 500 souls. Yet we

dub the few we know “Everybody," and

of those few it is only the least worthy

those who live only for conventions, that

we mean when We use our pet phrase.



How far away from your home is your

“Everybody" known? If you go into the

next village your leaders are small fry,

twenty miles away they are unheard of.





OCT. 28, 1911.





 





One Mother

Says





“There’s only One trou— '

ble with





Post

Toasties





“When I get a package

or two, Father and the

Boys at once have tremen-

dous appetites.”





Post Toasties

Require N 0 Cooking





Serve with sugar and

cream and the smiles go

round the table.





“The Memory Lingers”

Sold by Grocer:





 





Postum Cereal Co., Ltd.

Battle Creek, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





—

CUT DOWN





YOUR

GROCERY BILL





THIS FREE BOOK ohm you

how to save from 20 per cent 1:050

nor cent on all your nrocerioo.





Buy your ries direct from

us and save grom twenty to fifty

per cent of what you are nowp pay;



g. We have solved the “big

cost of living" problem for then.

sands of delighted customers.



We buy everything in enormous quantities. Thin

means rock bottom lpi-ioes— pcri 093 that small buyers

cannot get. We 39] direct top you with only one small



We save you all the “middlemen’ 9" pro-

ts that eat up so much of our money.

11 our groceries are ful measure—absolutely pure.



Write to-day for our interlestin mono saving gro-

cery book. It is book N.o 1. like free ewant you

to compare our prices with those you are now pa



We issue the grocer ybook every two months andeifl

send itto you regular



Below' is a partial lisyt. of the other books we issue.

They contain thousands of big, money saving oppor-

tunities. o matter where on live we can fill all your



needs and save you an amazing amount of money. No

matter what it. you want we have it. We can save

you man do] Ian on Everything on buy. We are doing

itsevefiyto- for oover 259330 00th8 cilighmat customers.



en a he at! n 9 you.



Order the okct by their numbers.





CHECK OVER THE LIST NOW





11mm:- 17 lhb Carri 28 W ’ New!

gonna l8 Menxl Fur ail. 81%?qu a

4 m 19 Sewing Machines 29 Circular and Du:

5 30%.”, co Gasoline Engines s.w- ,

GVc'ceI 210mm par-ton ”gov-W

g maxim 22 Building Material

“b5?" 28 tovcs de-ngel 81 M“ Coats. Rd”

9 .1in 2‘ nderwccr Sam- ber Coats. etc.

0 e lea 83 Tombstones and

1 ‘1 ssom’i- .. 3.“.me a... .. strait-t...

e

13 Tank Heaters 26 £21.. -- Motor- 84 Women’s Furl

it «awe Ends. 2. a’s‘r D... .... a eases.

- “I

16 Bui ding film mic? 37 mm...”





Sign _a_nd Mail _C_loupon 110W!

Fm— Montgo—mery Ward &— Co. -|





l9th ands Cam bell Sis. Ghlca 0 Avenue Brltl

KAN 35m "cm CIAGO o0





Please send to m address below books Noam..."

absolutely free 0 cost.





"m. cocoon-cocoon..-no-oooonc.Ineonates-003000000000...

Foot Office





sultan".............................................





BEND COUPON TO THE NEARER ADDRESS





 

 

 





 





 





1‘ Mud. snow. dust and dirt will not be

_3‘. tracked over your floors if you use





Grab’s Foot Scra er





ouvooide your door. The on de-

vice made which cleans bot-

toms and sides ot choc In

one o ration. Has ton

oi plate. for scrap-





 

 

 

 





docn side: of Ihoe.





AUTOMAHCALLY





Over ADJUSTS IT SELF

lwcpt under. Futons to dmr thiam- any handy place. “Get





one and save useless work Price Sl. 00. If your dealer will



not supply you. don' t take substitute, but lend your order



direct to us. Illustrated folder



VICTOR I. fill" & 60. S-I ‘Illllll‘ Block. CHICAGO. Ill.

Candi an Bole Agent... Onward Its. 00., Berlin, Out, (in.





ALWAYS mention" the MICIIGAN rum

when you are writing to odom-
eon-'28, 1911.





How foolish, then. to let. them rule our

livas. , ~,



And where is our "Everybody" when

we are in trouble? When we need help

do we turn to the women whose dictum

we fear~and whose favor we court, or to

those old-fashioned friends who have in-

dividuality enough to live their own lives

in their own way, unmoved by the sneers

and ridicule of “Everybody?"



Individuality is what we women need.

For, after all, we must live and die alone.

We alone know what is most needed in

our own homes and own lives. And if

our little world scoffs at our way of doing

we can take comfort in the thought that

outside is a great, big wonderful world

where the scoffers would themselves meet

with derision.



DEBORAH.





THE WINTER'S BEDDING.

5—...—

BY ELLA E. nocxwooo.

N OW that the long cold nights are





 





 





almost here the bed clothing may

need replenishing. With plenty

of fresh air in the sleeping rooms after

the healthful fashion of the day, more

covering is required to retain bodily heat.



For most families good cotton filled

comfortables are practical and durable, as

well as economical. Where time is no

object very pretty covers for these are

made of patchwork. Cut in squares and

set together, either in blocks or strips,

two colors of worsted make a very at-

tractive comfort cover. Old wool dresses

may be washed and utilized in this way

most acceptably. _



A Very pretty one is of dark red and

black in alternate three-inch squares.

Another is a plaid and plain blue set to-

gether in the same fashion.



The log cabin design is always good

for these worsted quilts, some of them

being extremely handsome. Silkolene

makes an excellent lining for these.



Pieced quilts and comforts become real-

ly works of art in the hands of the ex-

pert and are an adornment to any home.



Cotton bats the full size of the bed can

be bought and are superior to the single

pound bats usually sold, for obvious rea-

sons. Wool bats made the same way can

also be bought at the better class of

stores. The latter as a filling is really

luxurious, ranking only short of down in

this respect. Where pieced covers are

not desired pretty silkolene makes very

desirable ones. Seven yards of goods

three—fourths of a yard wide, will make

one side. '





 





TELEPHONES ON THE FARM.





 





BY INEZ DE JARNA'I‘T COOPER.



Users of the telephone who observe the

following customs save themselves trou-

ble and derive more bnefit from the

’phones.



First and foremost have a tablet and

pencil attached to your telephone. You

have no idea how handy they will be nor

how often you will use them. Take a

strong paper clip and fasten the leaves

of the directory so that the book will

open at once at your own district. Should

you want a name outside the clip can be

removed readily. 0n the back of your

tablet, write or printe in large letters the

names and numbers of friends whom you

call oftenest in order that you may find

their numbers without the trouble of re-

ferring to the directory and without the

use of glasses.



Every now and then wash the transmit-

ter with soap and water., They are

cleansed often at exchanges. Think how

olten they are breathed into and you will

see the wisdom of this.



Never say anything over a party line

which you would not like to have repeat-

ed. There is often a third person listen-

ing. We cannot prevent this but we can

guard our own words.



One of the most surprising things about

telephones is their height. Most farm-

ers, no matter how handy they subse-

quently found their ’phones had them

primarily‘that the "women folks” might

use them for visiting. Why, then, should

the ’phone be put half way between the

floor and the ceiling? Statistics taken

would undoubtedly prove that one-half

the women users of the telephone have

to converse standing on tiptoes. If your

’phone is not so that you can use it seat-

ed, have it lowered at once. You may

then enjoy the luxury of a desk ’phone.





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





To take off water stains from a. glass

or earthen water pitcher, pour in enough

vinegar to cover the stain. Let set a

few hours "and wash in suds.





it





It will ’





’- THE- MICHIGAN FARMER.





leave the dish as smooth and glossy as

when news If vinegar is scarce, half

vinegar and half 'water may be used,

but in this case it must stand longer

before being washed—V. C.



In making fried cakes and cookies after

mixing let them stand a few hours before

baking. They will be better than if bak-

ed immediately—E. L.



Rub some laundry soap over the bottom

of the stew pans several times. When

the pan is washed the black comes off

like magic.—D. T.





A LITTLE TIME AND FEW PENNIES

WILL SAVE THE WINDOWS.





BY WALTER JACK.





Why not a little putty and paint on the

window sash before the bad weather of

winter? It will save a lot of time, dis-

comfort and subsequent replacement of

windows. Almost every building has one

or more windows that need doctoring with

the putty knife. Everyone knows how to

apply putty, but few appreciate the real

value of it. ' ‘



In buying putty from country stores it

is very often too dry to be applied suc-

cessfully, and should be mixed with lin-

seed oil. Use very little oil, dip the putty

knife in a dish of oil, and chop the putty

into small 'bits, continuing the dipping

process. It will not take more than a

half dozen dips to secure sufficient oil to

reduce to the proper consistency quite a

little quantity of putty. If you should

make the putty too thin, mix in flour. If

your hands become smeared, it will wash

off readily With kerosene. After apply—





ing putty a coat of paint should be given.





it to protect the putty from the heat and

storms. This paint can be made by mix—

ing linseed oil and lamp black. In fact,

most all painters consider paint of this

sort as their “standby" in painting the

outside of a window sash. Use a. small

round brush and apply the paint lightly

over the line of putty, allowing some of

tue bristles to touch the edge of the glass

slightly. Then make a slow, steady

stroke away from you. When the brush

fully from the sash at the end of the

stroke. If care is taken no paint need be

becomes emptied of the paint lift it care-

gotten 0n the window pane. You will

find that the life of the window thus

painted will be prolonged, that windows,

too frequently held only by glazier’s

points, will cease their rattling, and that

putty carefully painted will last a period

of three to a half dozen years and still

be as firm as the surrounding wood.





That complaining husband who accepted

his wife's proposal to swap places with

her, was probably much wiser wifeward,

when, after four days, burned, blistered

and aching, he gave up his job, and I feel

that there are many like him who fail of

fully realizing how large a factor the

housewife is in ,the home—making process

——fail, not in all instances by any means,

because they do not care, but because

they are careless and thoughtless amid

the absorbing tendency of their own

duties.



Many a seeming little

thing that she does,

as for instance, set-

ting a room in order,

or preparing a meal, looms large when we

stop to consider its cost in actual effort

to do. I fear we too often sooner

think of what they cost us in the pocket.

Yet at all times is the housewife faith-

ful, seldom thinking of credit withheld,

or lost appreciation, planning unceasingiy

her little economies and often lending aid

far out of her true province.

How important that so indispensable

and faithful a worker should be recog-

nized as not only the most valuable asset

on the farm or elsewhere, but as the most

unselfish and worthy of companions. And

above all, how important that we do all

that is possible to conserve the health of

so worthy an object.

The nearest divine of anything upon

this cold earth, whatever she gets of life's

blessings she hath more than earned.

“Yet was there never a battle, but side

by side with the soldiers



Stern like the serried corn fluttered the

souls of the women



As in and out through the corn go the

blue-eyed shapes of the flowers;



Yet was there never a strength, but a

woman’s softness upheld it,



Never a Thebes of our dreams but it rose

to the music of women— _



Iron and steel it might stand, but the

woman had breathed on the building;



Yea, no man shall make or unmake ere

some woman hath made him a man."



—A. P. REED, M. D.





The Worth of the

Wife.





 





T—





 





 





 





Bu. Acre

eat

30.6

17.4

18.1

14.7

13.0

16.7

16.8





Montana

Illinois

Iowa

Missouri

Kansas

Nebraska

Minnesota





 





Bu. Acre

Oats





51.3 38.0

36.6 28.0

27.0





27.0 I

18.





That’s Montana-the greatest grain producing state in

the Union—Where wheat, oats, barley, rye and potatoes

run double the yield per acre than any of the leading

middle western states, on land costing about one-third

that of middle west land.





The government crop report given above tells the story

——there are fortunes making in Montana.





You get double profits on one-third the investment





The Judith Basin, Musselshell Valley, Smith River

Valley and the Three Forks Country, some of Montana’s

richest and most prosperous sections are served by the

new transcontinental line—the





Chicago, Milwaukee 8: St. Paul





Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound





Railways





Low round-trip fares in effect every Tuesday during October and the

first and third Tuesdays thereafter afford you an excellent chance to

Visit Montana at remarkably low cost.





For fares, folders and full information, address





P. B. WOLCOTT, Immigration Agent, 750 Marquette Bldg., CHICAGO

F. A. MILLER, General Passenger Agent, CHICAGO





COMPARATIVE CROP YIELDS FOR 1910





Bu. Acre

Barley Rye





Bu. Acre Bu. Acre





Potatoes

29.0 180

17.8 91

17.8



15.0



14.2



16.2



19.0





 





 





 





 





 





This Book Is. Worth $5 to $40 to You





Mailed to You





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





\Vc pay the Freight

—leo you 30 Days" Free

Trial —360 Days' Approval

Test—Cash or Credit Terms



‘. within

:34 hours of re-

’ ceipt of Order.





 

 





400 styles and





Get





30 Days' Free Trial





the stove or range as your

own 30 days, then if not





satisfied we'll take it

\Vc pay all freight ch





whether you keep it or not,

and the trial costs you nothing. 360





Days’ approval test.





$100,000 bank bond guarantee.





customers than any

world.

Catalogue No.113.





Kalamazoo Stove Company

Manufacturers





Kalamazoo. Michigan





Send for your copy of Stove Book and





Proof is what you want and get in the Kalamazoo Stove

Book—proof of a $5 to $40 sav-

ing—proof of the unmatched

quality. This book is packed

with live, valuable stove facts



thatthe dealerhimselfdoesn’t

know.

in large clear illustrations.



Prices from $6.50 up, east

of Mississippi.

Stove Book-eThen





Try the Kalamazoo

For 30 Days FREE





sizes





the





-Use





 





 

   





AII Orders Shipped





back. Same Day Received





arges





 





 

 

 

 

 

   

 





Cash or credit terms.

We have more

stove manufacturer in the





Postal or letter.





“A Kalamam





Direct toYou"





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





SHER WIN-WILLIA MS

Balms é WRNISHES





 





FOR THE FARM





The best protection for your ham, corn crib:

and outbuildings is Sherwin-Williams Com-

monwealth Barn Red. A bright, handsome

red,rnade especially forthe purpose. Greatest

covering capacity, spreads well under brush V‘.

and looks best longest. Sold by dealers ,

everywhere. Ask for color cards. ”





 





:5





Address all inquiries to The Sherwin -Williams 00., 699 Canal Road, N. W, Cleveland, Ohio

—





 





When Writini to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer





 





W4 w... ".4“.-. u





...4....-... .. --_,.c.-.._





... a... an“. m.“
378 cm





EHOMEm YOUTH





AAAAAAAAAAAAAA-AAAAAAA' '





GRAN DFATHER’S DAY. '





__.—_





 





 





 





BY L. M. THORNTON.





Grandfather never rode, they say,



In a great big auto, of red or gray;

Grandfather went on the lake to float

But never raced in a motor boat.



He did not kodak, or learn to play



At basket ball, though he liked croquet,





And his life, though no one was then

to blame,



Must have been, I think, just a little

tame.





Grandfather read by candle light,

Nor saw an aeroplane make a flight.

He couldn’t visit, when all alone,

By calling up on the telephone.

No elevators went up and down;

No trains went snorting from town to

town,

And life, I fancy, from fall to spring,

Might sometimes have seemed a hum-

drum thing.





Grandfather, though, saw bears at play,

And elks and caribou, in his day;

And he tramped the forest from morn

’till night,



Glad in the free-born settler’s right.



And he felled the trees, and he worked

the soil,

And soundly slept after hours of toil.



And Grandfather’s life, from spring to



l !

Musitahlave been a pretty good life after

all.

BALLOONS AND FLYING MACHINES—

PAST AND PRESENT.

BY W. J. GRAND.



I suppose every boy and girl who has

read the story of “Darius Green and His

Flying Machine” wonders whether it will

ever become possible for men to fly.

Shouldn’t we fly? Indeed, why shouldn’t

artificial wings work as well as those

made by nature?



So not only children, but many learned

and eminent men, have reasoned in by-

gone years, and vast numbers of attempts

to navigate the air have been made.

\Vings have been invented, kites of huge

dimensions have been tried, and still

stranger modes of flying have prevailed

in the popular belief. \Ve hear of witches

flying through the air astride of broom-

stieks, and Wonderful magicians who could

soar easily from place to place. At one

time it was seriously believed that if an

eggshell were filled with fresh dew gath-

ered early in the morning, and then plac-

ed at the foot of a ladder leaning against

a house, it would, as the sun rose higher

and higher, be attracted upwards, mount

gradually from round to round, and at

last reach the very tops of the chimneys.

One brilliant genius actually proposed to

make huge artificial globes resembling im-

mense eggshells, fill them with certain

chemicals instead of dew, and have them

lifted by the sun’s attraction into loftier

regions of the air.



There are a great many legends about

men who have succeeded in flying, or

who have made machines which could fly.

Archytas, a famous Greek geometer, is

said to have constructed a mechanical

dove which flew by means of strings con-

cealed within it. Everybody has heard of

Icarus, “him and his daddy Daedalus,”

who managed to get up such a nice little

accident some one hundred years ago.

Their wings were made partly of wax, and

Icarus, soaring too near the sun, was

thrown too near the earth and killed,

because his pinicns melted. Some other

failures of a similar kind have happened

in modern times; and people trying to fly

from lofty places have met with serious

falls. A few centuries ago an Italian

priest contrived a pair of artificial wings

and flew from the top of Sterling Castle

in Scotland. Failing to the ground, he

broke his thigh, but even then did not

quite lose, faith in the possibility of flying.

Ilis excuse for falling was very queer.

He said that in constructing his wings

he had used feathers of all sorts, those of

dungliill fowls as well as those of eagles.

He had put in too many of the former,

and their natural attraction for the dung-

heap had brought him down.



But why did all these attempts fail?

Why has every flying man had his tum-

bles? Simply because his wings were not

large enough to support his weight; and

if they had been large enough, he would

not have possessed the strength necessary

to manage them. But the birds have

wings of sufficient size, and strength

enough, too, for their control. Yes, but

the birds have certain great advantages

over us. Their bones, being hollow and

filled with air, their bodies are very light;

for the express purpose of working «their

wings, they are provided with muscles of

the most powerful kind. It is even said





that a swan can strike, with its wings, 8.





THE MICHIGAN! FARMBR.





blow so severe as to break a. man’s leg.





Just examine a. fowl prepared for table-





and notice the great quantity of meat up-

on its breast. _ The rest of the body may

be mere skin and bone, and yet the breast

will be full and solid. All this meat is

simply the muscle which worked the

creature’s wings. If we had hollow bones

and such large breast-muscles, we, too,

might soar.



But, although we are unable to fly, and

can hardly hope even to succeed in so do-

ing, we have yet other means of navigat-

ing the air. The invention of the balloon

has enabled us to travel from place to

place with great velocity, and to ascend

to heights where even the most cour-

ageous and powerful birds dare not ven—

ture. We merely fill a large, silken globe

with something lighter than cold air, and

make it lift us with it as it rises. We

may use either heated air or hydrogen

gas, the latter being the better of the two

and exclusively employed at me present

day. ‘



Before the balloon was actually invent—

ed, many conjectures were made as to the

possibility of such a contrivance. At last,

two brothers named Montgolfler, paper-

makers at Annonay, France, constructed

the first balloon. This was a small cloth

bag, which, filled with heated air, rose to

the ceiling of a room. Soon after the ex-

periment was repeated out of doors on a

large scale, with perfect success; and, on

the fifth of June, 1783, the brothers gave

the first public exhibition of their dis-

covery. A large balloon of cloth was

filled with hot air, in the presence of a

vast assemblage of spectators. After ris-

ing a thousand feet, and traveling hori-

zontally for more than a mile, it descend-

ed without the slightest injury. A great

many experiments followed, and France

became wild with enthusiasm upon the

subject of balloons. They were sent up

in Paris before immense multitudes, hy-

drogen gas, which is only one-fourteenth

as heavy as air, being used to fill them.

The balloons went up alone, mere spec-

tacles to be gazed upon, no one ascending

with them.



This did not last long, however,—only a

very few months. Soon a very large bal-

loon was sent up, carrying with it, in a

basket, a sheep, a cock, and a duck.

These creatures rose to a considerable

height, traveled quite a distance, and

descended in safety. Men grew bolder,

and, on October 15, 1783, a young French-

man, Pilatre des Rosicrs, ascended to a.

height of eighty feet in the car of a bal-

loon held down by ropes. Two days later

be repeated the experiment, and on fol-

lowing days, part of the time with a com-

panion, he made three ascents, mounting

at last 324 feet into the air. The balloon

was filled with heated air from a fire of

straw built upon a grating of wire in the

car.



iut the great journey was yet to be

made. In all these trials the balloon was

held by ropes and allowed to rise only a

little way. On October 21 the first gen-

uine trip was taken. The balloon was a





gorgeous affair, richly gilded and painted





with ornamental designs, and much more

beautiful than the dingy globes which we

see in use today. ' ‘



At one o’clock in the afternoon, Rosters,

accompanied by the Marquis d’ Arlandus,

got into the car, kindled the fires, and

rose majestically upward for half a mile.

Keeping the fires well fed, they traveled

about a mile and a half and descended in

safety with three-fourths of their fuel

left.



On the first of December following, two

other adventurers, named 'Charles and

Robert, made a good ascent in a hydrogen

balloon and alighted without injury after

quite a long tour. These ascents, all at

Paris, proved beyond a question that men

could navigate the air. People grew more

enthusiastic than ever and began to talk

about trips \to the moon and stars. All

sorts of Wild project.» were devised. Bal-

loons were to carry armies, and to drop

bomb-shells Inlt. bestow-xi cities. There

seemed no will a! tilt: wonderful things to

be hoped for,



But nearly at. mew: great. expectations

have failed 1.! lamination. Only a. little

has been really accomplished with the

balloon. It has found one or two uses,

but, after all, has not been very much

more than a toy. Today it is no better

understood and no better managed than

it was seventy-five or eighty years ago.

The trouble is that the balloonlst cannot

steer his craft. lie is at the mercy of

the winds, which blow it hither and

thither in spite of any steering apparatus

that can be made.



With the aid of balloons, however, men

have explored the atmosphere at heights

far above the tops of the greatest mount-

ains, and obtained knowledge of much





value in science.

Englishmen, Messrs. Glaisher and Cox-

weli, rose to the prodigious height of

37,000 feet, or more than seven miles. The

highest mountain in the world is not

much over 29,000 feet high. At this great

elevation the travelers suffered intensely,

both from cold and from the thinness of

the air. The thermometer marked twelve

degrees below zero, and Mr. Glaisher was

so much overcome that for a short time

he became quite insensible. The escape

from death was extremely narrow. Other

courageous balloonists have been among

the clouds during thunder storms, with

the lightning playing around them, and

have met with all sorts of perilous adven-

tures.



Some long journeys have been made

with balloons, and at very great speed.

About three years after the balloon was

invented, two daring men sailed through

the air from England to France, encount-

ering grave dangers on the way. In 1836,

a couple of Englishmen started with a

balloon from London, and at the end of

eighteen hours alighted in a little village

of Germany. But a longer journey was

made in our own country, when, in 1854,

two balloonists, Wise and La Mountain,

rose from St. Louis, intending to reach

New York. They finally descended on the

shores of Lake Erie, having traveled 1,150

miles in twenty hours. Longer flights

have, however, been made in this country

so recently as to be within the memory

of all.



Balloons have proved useful in warfare.

In 1794, the French defeated the Austrians

in the battle of Fleurus by means of in-

formation gathered from a balloon. The

balloon was held by ropes, and its com—

mander could easily look down upon the

enemy and distinguish all his movements.

In our great rebellion balloons were also

used. One aeronaut had his balloon con-

nected with the earth by a telegraph wire,

and sent down frequent messages de-

scribing what he saw. In the last siege

of Paris the beleagured Frenchmen em-

ployed balloons in sending dispatches past

the Prussian army to their friends in

other cities.



6 What of the Future?



Balloons, airships and flying machines

have been the subject of exhaustive study

and trial for the past hundred years. Dur-

ing the past five years unlimited funds

and the best efforts of scientific experts

from all parts of the world have been

given to this work, and it would seem

that the limitations of the balloon and of

the more modern flying machine should

now be recognized by all intelligent in-

vestigators. Any vessel which depends

for its upward motion upon its displace-

ment of air, must, of necessity, be so

large as to preclude the possibility of pro-

pelling it against even a moderate breeze.

Few even of the most visionary enthusi-

asts should now believe that the day will

ever come when buoyant airships will

navigate the heavens in any governable

direction.



“'itli flying machines, however, the

case is radically different. In the first

place, the ilyiiig machine follows the an-

alogy of nature as no airship could. Ships

float on the water in very much the same

fashion that fish and many aquatic birds

float in and upon it. But the balloon

finds no prototype in its sphere. The

specific gravity of water and that of ani-

mals is so nearly the same that an equi-

poise is easily established in various ways.

But the specific gravity of the air is so

very much less than that of most other

forms of matter that an equipoise is very

hard to establish. As has been observed,

no living animal can support itself in the

air without supplementing the specific

gravity of the air by an expenditure of

muscular energy, and in most cases this

expenditure is very large.



It is, then, only by means of some

strong, light structure, plus a large

amount of energy, that we may hope to

imitate nature and traverse the heavens

with both speed and certainty of course.

But when the inevitable conditions are

once accepted the outlook for success is

by no means discouraging. The obstacles

in the way of a successful flying machine

are such that any decade of our age of

aggressive science may surmount them.

There is nothing at all absurd in the

notion that men may learn to fly. Not

by means of their own muscles—of

course nobody expects that—but by means

of mechanical ingenuity linked with the

tremendous power of steam or with the

magic of that wonder-working force

which we call electricity. At the present

time there is a general feeling, not only

among wild enthusiasts but among men

of sober judgment, both in the scientific

and in the business World, that a practical

flying machine is among the near possi-

bilities of the future. Learned and con-





In 1862, a. couple of '





 





our. 28. 1911.





SHIFT





Il_Your Food Polls to Sustain You.

Change. ‘



One sort of a. diet may make a. person

despondent, depressed and blue and a.

change to the kind of food the body de-

mands will change the whole thing.



A young woman from Phila. says:



“For several years I kept in a run-

down, miserable sort of condition, was

depressed and apprehensive of trouble.

I lost flesh in a distressing way and

seemed in a. perpetual sort of dreamy





nightmare. No one serious disease

showed, but the ‘all-over’ sickness was

enough. '





“Finally, between the doctor and fath-

er, I was put on Grape-Nuts and cream,

as it was decided I must have nourish-

ing food that the body could make. use of.



“The wonderful change that came 'over

me was not, like Jonah’s gourd, the

growth of a single night, and yet it:

came with a rapidity that astonished me.



“During the first week I gained in

weight,

world began to look brighter and more

worth while.





“And this has continued steadily, till.





now, after the use of Grape-Nuts for only

a. few weeks, I am perfectly well, feel





splendidly, take a lively interest in ev- ‘





erything, and am a. changed person in

every way.” Name given by Postum

00., Battle Creek, Mich.



Read the little book, ”The Road to

Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a. Reason.”





'Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true,

and full of human interest.





Make $ 1 000 to $4000

A Yonr-fllght From

I The Start. Go! Into This





.‘y Fnoolnnllng



is; \\ {"Buolnoooond



1"”‘I'NJ-m WEEAH E :1 lo 1 Ho

r





   

 





«7:11;.





W





 

 

 

 





 

 





   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





«we ,;. P Ion on re o

Whllo Mall-

lnu Blg Pro-

lllo.

Positions are now open in line new territories —

maybe your own. We start you without capital and you

at once begin earning big money. You can make eoaily up

to 01000 to $4000 a year, payable on you corn it. No ox-

perienco necessary. Liberal terms—beat plans—bell: goods

—lowesl prices. You undersell all compelitoro and carry

staple. well-known goods.



Be sure to investigate our proposition — It costs you

nothing. This means a fortune to some men.

No applicant accepted under 21 years of age or older than

60 years. Write today—now-to Application Dopl.B

SAGIIIAI MEDICINE 00.. - SAOIIIAVI, MICHIGAN





   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





I WILL MAKE voTl

PROSPEROUS





If you are honest and ambitious write me



day. No-mottor where you live or what

your occupation, I will touch you the Real

Estate busineso by mail; appoint you Special

Representative of my Company in your town;

start you in a profitable business of your own.

and help you make big money at once.

- Unusual opportunlly for non IIIllIouI

oopllol to become ndopondonl lor lilo.

Valuablo Book and lull portloulnro FREE.

'Vlrllo Iodny.





IIATIOIAL BO-OPEIIATIVE REALTY 00.





. Mord B lid

n LIABDEI M192 “hung... 1:. 0.11:;





President





 





NEW PATINTED AUTOMATIC





AGENTS $3 a Day





 

 

 

 





 





Made of best cold rolled

’ steel. Horsemen delighted.

Takes just half the time

~ to clean a horse. Keeps



, the teeth always clean

~ * ’ no clogging with hair on

dirt. A. ,-B. Pett says: “It's is dandy. Sold 14 last;

night to my neighbors." Easy seller. Big profits.

Goin toot. Write quick. Free sample to workers.

T110 A8 “F9. 00-. 8845 Wayne Stu. Dayton. Ohio





 





Learn to be An.





,Aul'o Ex pert“ 95$;





A few weeks at thin great school with practical

work on real Automobiles, prepares you to drive

or repair any car. Only school endorsed and.

graduates hired by the Automobile 'I‘rndo. Big

new book of Information FREE. Write today.





AUTOMOBILE TIAIIIII SCHOOL,

1145 Loon-t Street, Knnlu Clty. llo.





 





 





 





WANTED-A man or woman to act as our inform-

. ation reporter. All or spare time. No

experience necessary. 850 to 8300 per, . month,

nothing to sell. Send stamp for articulars. Address

Sm: Association. 914 Association lid... Indianapolis, Ind.





Honest Man or Woman Wanted 23.3%.!





take exclusive agency for supiélyinz Ecktone Family

Remedies in their territory. cod income for right

persons. Nopreviouo ex erience necessary. Send

no stamps—Just write. 0 not delay. Ecklono

Medicine 00.. Dept. 11. 810 Olive 8h, St. Louis, Mo.





 





 





WANTED FOR U. B. ARMY—Able-bodied. nn

married men, between the o as of 18 and 35

citizens of United States, of good olgiornoter and tom

perote habits, who can speak. read and write the En

61in; lagguge, For information o I to Recruit!

Bffiogr, i riswold 8h. 8:“‘0117. 12$ng 9 Eieovonsré?

oo , now. 0 .- . me: a now .5

Flint. Mic .: no East Main so, Jackson. (oh.





0

Learn Auctioneering

at, the World's Greatest School and become in 0-

endent. Winter term opens December nth—the

onday followinfithe International Live Stock Show.

Tuition includes our days free admission to the Show.

Write for catalogue to-doy. You can become a

class auctioneer. We have fourteen noted instruc-

tors and lecturers. recs

.8 . w we M... i.

II II on V n o. 0

CARE M. JONE . Pros.





 





 





my spirits improved, and the‘





 





,‘F-q—
ooruzs, 1911.}.





ARE YOU

DRIFTING





into the crowd of Weak,

weary, depressed; or are

you filled with vitality and

energy?



Health 1‘s the founda-

tion of success.



Nerves, Brain, and

Body should be staunch-—

dependable.





Scott’s Emulsion





the best of food-tonics, is

the firm footing for health.





nu. onueclere 11.54





 





 





 





 





 





the bottom where it drops off

Assowrswm Possmiury

. or GETTING WEI:

‘ Practicel-Servicable-Economical

AsxyourDEALER to show you

THE Pisa anREl-‘LEJC Sucks:





AJ. Town (26.





BOSTON





 





 





 





   

   

   





I MAKES WORK ON RAINY DAYS

A PLEASURE .m

OurREFLEXed dge (Pat‘dlruns the '7

L en_t__ire1enqtdh 0 coat and storm L,

" lap. - GUId es 111 water to





   

   

   

   





 





 





Ask your





Brown’ s. BechJacke





To Keep Out “(Ind and Gold

Has specially prepared wind

wool lining, with.‘strongly knit ext





 





stripe, wears like iron and wash

without shrinkage.





Made without sleeves to wear und





of an overcoat. Great protection fro

cold for men who work or play 0

doors. Worn by the

mountain climbers, lumbermen, moto

men and chauffeurs.



Without sleeves, $2.00, with sleev

and no collar $3.25,

sleeves $3.50.





give us his name and upon receipt

price we will ship prepaid.

for Catalog No. 4.





W. W. BROWN, 395 Chandler Sh.





 





 





Dealer for





proof





rior of dark blue cloth with gray





a coat or with sleeves to wear in place





Appalachian





with collar and





If your dealer cannot supply you





Address





Worcester. Mass.





t





e-

es

er





m

ut





1‘—





es





of





 





 





 





Villlil HIDE.





Cattle or Horse hide, Calf, Dog, Deer,

or any kind of s r or fur on.

We make them softi, light, odorless,

wind, moth and water proof, and make

them into coats (for men or women)

robes. rugs or gloves when so ordered.



Your fur goods will cost you less than

to buy them. and be worth more. Send

three or more cow or horse hides in one

shipment from anywhere east of Den-

ver and we pay the freight both ways.



Get our illustrated catalog which

Eaves prices of tanning. taxidermy and



ad mounting. Also prices of fur

goods. and big mounted game heads





we sell.

The Crosby Frisian Fur Company.





571 lyell Ave.. Rochester. N. Y.





WANTED!





their ne hbors. A practioeBl and

$19013“! itihn. V’s refer you to any Bank. gl’r'itel us tod

LIM





TEA COMPANY

ALIMA, 01110.





MARVEL sown—instantly lands 11mm





Sol rs Without Heat all kinds of House-

1 E meled Tin. Iron. Copper

goth: tensi Emacs ell Mechi nary—Pine for

Motorists. ortfiel





Isrnl 3.11.: mm: 15.1.... raunchy





 





 





 





ll'a rmers' wives or daughters to buy Bags) £30139 :1:





IV-





 





 





THE *MICHIGAN FARMER.





servative societies have lent to this belief

a very considerable degree of favor, while

the faith of the commercial world is at-

tested by the recent formation in Euro-

pean and American cities of companies

with enormous capital which are devoted

entirely to the building of fly ma-

chines.



But when one examines carefully into

the possible utility of flying machines he

is forced to the conviction that no great

benefits to mankind are reasonably to be

expected from even the most triumphant

success in this line of invention. It is

really curious that so many people as-

sume, without reflection, that a. successful

flying machine would mean either in-

creased speed or increased carrying pow—

er over our present methods of transpor-

tation. “The successful trial of an air-

ship would, in twenty-four hours’ time,

out down half the value of all the rail-

roads and steamships in the world, be—

cause it would afford an opportunity of

cheapening, to an incredible extent, the

cost of transporting persons and mer-

chandise," is one of the extravagant

statements that has been made. This is

sheer nonsense; and it is worthy of con-

futation only because it is a kind of non-

sense to which people who talk on this

subject seem to fall victims in a very un-

thinking way.



The one sole advantage of aerial tran-

sit lies in the directness of route it would

find possible. A flying machine could

(theoretically) go from New York to San

r'ranclsco, or from London to Constanti-

nople, in a line much more nearly straight

than is now possible for a railroad or a.

steampship. But what other advantage

could possibly attend aerial transit? Many

persons speak of "traveling through the

air” as if air would be an entirely novel

medium to travel through. They scem

not to realize that steamships and railroad

trains at the present day travel through

the air, with the great additional advan-

tage of having a solid base beneath the

air to rest upon. Would a cargo of goods,

or a cargo of passengers, lost its weight

if it were elevated above the earth's Sur-

face? If not, then this weight must

rest upon something. And if it rosts upon

the air, the friction will be far greater

than if it rested upon the steel rails and

well-lubricated wheels of a first—class

railroad. The more yielding the substance

on which a moving weight slides the

greater the friction. As a ship,. resting on

the yielding sea. finds much greater re-

sistance to its motion than does the same

weight resting on steel rails, so would a

vessel resting upon the air find much

greater friction to overcome than if it

rested upon the sea. An express train

new travels through the air and through

no other medium. By resting upon the

earth it secures a grip for its driving

wheels and a hard, smooth surface to slide

upon. What advantage could result from

increasing the friction and putting forth

a tremendous power to support the weight

of the train, at the same time removing

the driving wheels to a region where they

could get no grip upon the thin and flee-

ing air.



And it is absurd to hope for an increase

of speed; it is even more palpably impos-

sible to secure an increase of transport-

ing power by means of flying machines.

A moment’s sane reflection ought to con-

vince any man that the power consumed

in lifting a dead weight 100 feet into the

air must enormously exceed the power

necessary to remove the same weight an

equal distance along the earth’s surface.

Even so crude a vehicle as a stone-drag

enables a horse to pull for miles a load

of rocks which he could not lift 1,000 feet.

Two horses will trot and pull 100 pas—

sengers along the smooth rails of a tram-

way. Of how many horses would the

strength be required to support the same

carful of passengers in mid-air an hour,

to say nothing of moving it along rapidly

at that elevation? A force of ten pounds,

advantageously applied, would move a. ton

in a horizontal direction. To sustain the

ton in the air and simultaneously move

it at the same speed in a horizontal di-

rection, obviously would require a force

of ten pounds plus 1,000. Here, again.

one is constrained to ask, what advantage

is it to put forth the enormous power

necessary to sustain the weight in mid-

air when the weight might just as well

rest peacefully upon the earth, the trans—

porting power required being in both

cases substantially the same? The whole

absurdity originates in the unthinking

notion that a bird on the wing weighs

less than he does when sitting on a

perch. .



No triumph of ingenuity, no availability

of new substances, such as aluminum; no

appliance of electricity or other power

will ever enable man and freight to





travel through the air more speedily or

cheaply than, with the same advantage

of material and power, they can be trans-

ported through the air while resting upon

the earth. So long as the force of grav—

ity remains unaltered, transit through

mid-air must be handicapped by disad-

vantages which no conceivable mechanism

could overcome—disadvantages which

forever preclude serious competition With

transit on the earth’s surface.



Flying machines are among the near-

possibilities; an enthusiast might say

probabilities. Man may yet harness him-

self into a light, tough framework of

aluminum and, compelling the electric

current to do his will, mount the ether

like a lark or cleave the clouds like an

eagle_ But the world has as little prac-

tical use for the flying machine as it has

for the North Pole. Scientists would be

deeply interested in them; the rich might

conceivably use them as luxurious plaY-

things; adventurous cranks would play

mad pranks with them; but the spec-

tacle of the perfected flying machine, to-

morrow curving its graceful spirals above

the modern skyscraper, need not shake

by a ripple the watery instability of the

most dropsical railroad stock in the

world. The mass of mankind will live

and move forever on the earth's surface.

The power that binds solid substances to

that surface will never be defied or evad-

ed to any beyond the most limited extent.





AN UNFORGOTTEN LESSON.





 





 





BY EUGENE F. CRANZ.





Once a lot of boys were throwing stones

at some woodpeckers, when a passing

man rcmonstrated with them, whereupon

one of the boys replied, “Them ain’t

birds, them's woodpeckers.”



A better day has dawned for the wood-

packers, and they are now justly entitled

to be classed as birds, for, taken as a

whole family, they are among the best

friends of the farmer. I have a, special

reason for admiring the “flicker" or yel-

low—hammer. Next to the quail, I doubt

if there is really a more useful and

friendly bird to the farmer. The reason?

\Vell, many years ago, in company with

several other boys I came upon a fiicker's

nest in an old stub. The young were of

the age to begin at once their monotonous

noise that has been likened to the sing—

ing of a. telegraph pole. One of the boys

suggested that one of us climb the stub

and throw the young birds out, as flickers

were woodpeckers and all woodpeckers

wcre bad birds! To our evcrlasting

shame the suggestion was carried out.



The nest was. quite high up from the

ground, and the young birds were chock-

full of breakfast and dinner. One of them

on striking the ground, burst open, and

the sight we saw is green in my memory

to this day. Actually, a handful of cut-

worms spread upon the ground around

that dead nestling! Mixed with the cut-

worms there were numerous big ants.



How industrious must a pair of flickers

be to provide food enough for six or eight

such hungry ncstlings? It will be putting

it low enough to say 500 worms and in-

sects a day for two or three wccks, and

all taken from the fields near-by. Later

in summer and autumn they feed largely

upon grasshoppers. Lct us cultivate a

friendship for this bcauilful and useful

bird. I love to hear him drum on some

dead tree top in early spring.





SMILE PROVOKERS.





 





 





“XVhat's the hardest thing you encount-

er in flying?” queries she. “At, tho pres—

ent stage of the game," returned the

aviator, tenderly rubbingr a bump, “the

hardest thing we encounter is the earth."





 





“It was a terrible sensation," says the

man who is narrating his experiences

while almost drowning. “After i wont

down for the third time my past life

flashed before me in a series of pictures."



“You didn’t happen to notice,” asks the

friend, edging forward with interest, “a

picture of me lcndim,r you that ten dollars

in the fall of 1898, did you?"



Into a general store of a town in Ar-

kansas there recently came a darky com-

plaining that a ham which he had pur-

chased there was not good.



“The ham is all right, Zeph,”

the storekeeper.



“No, it ain’t, boss,” insisted the negro.

"Dat ham's shore bad!”



‘riow can that be," continued the store-

keeper, “when it was cured only last

week?"



The darky scratched his head reflec-

tively, and finally suggested:



“Den mebbe it’s had a relapse.”





 





insisted





{(19)





379 ~





   

 





Trapping this Fall.





VICTOR

TRAPS





are sure to go and

sure to hold Every]

genuine Vict orTr'z‘i}:

1's pierced with a





:Zrk your Dealer





_l____nsist on t é"V





 





 





Thai Hide Would Make

An Excellenl Fur Goal!





We tan Cow, Calf, Hon-0 and Dog Hides

and make them up into handsome





GMl'S, HUGS and ROBES





At a big saving to

you in cost.





IfOur tanning methods

insure a soft, light, 0d-

orless. and moth-proof

fur, which is then made

up as you desire by our

expert tailoring depart-

ment.





We pay the freight

one way

on all shipments.





Get our illustrated cata-

log of information. A

post card brings it.





Brown 81 Sehler Go.





57 W. Bridge St.

Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





 





Sun Beam Goods are Made to Wear.





 





 





Perfect 1 Horse Power

Four Cycle Engine





Gasoline or

Kerosene





 





You Need One Now





and the Price is Low





Simple and reliable. Shipping weight,

440 lbs. Gives long life and steady





power for

Water Systems Printing Press

umping as 'ng

Spraying the

Grinding Band Saw

Churning Corn Sheller





Cream Separating Air Compressor





Will run any machine that does not require

over 1 H. P. Will pump more water than any

ordinary windmill. Send for big illustrated

Engine Catalog No. B1160 1 pin ng

Engines Pumps. Pump Jacks, Electric Linghrling

Outfits. SawF Frames. Grinders, Shellers. Supplies.





airb , Morse & Co.





Chicago Detroit





 





 





 





 





Ah BEFINED YOUNG MAN physically flimd



saith. whose nerves have been a flee by

busineu troubles. desires a place on a farm where

he can work in the open. Igel: fresh air and re-





 





cuperate. Box fi. care Mi io igan Farmer. Detroit.
380 (20)?





HUNTED.





__._.





BY CHAS. E. JENNEY.





Stalked in the open and sdught in the

thicket; . .

Dogged in their footsteps from cover to

cover;

Vain is the guard of their vigilant picket,

Spectres of death ’round the band seem

to hover.

Never a moment in waking or sleeping

May they the boon of security know;

Sharp on their track there is ceaselessly

creeping

Ever their bloodthirsty, merciless foe.





Down in the valley where Peace might

have dwelling,

Glealninig perchance on the fat of the

an ,

Sudden the rattle of shot comes pell-

melling,

And ranks must close up in the far-

scattered band.

Up on the mountain where Freedom re-





poses,



Still the avenger comes hot on the

scent;



Dies their last call beneath the wild





roses,

“'here with the petals their life-blood

is blent.

\Vhat is this band of outlaws? What

maurauders

Have brought retribution so strong on

their head?

A band of guerilias harassing our bord-

ers?

0r convicts at

their dread?

Their name? Ah, well may the lightsome

grow sober.

\Vill not the form tremble, the visage

grow pale? _

The law hath proclaimed, since middle

October .

The season is open for killing of quail.





THE MAN WHO NEVER FELT FEAR.





large, filling all with





 





BY MARY L. DANN.





“One place is about as safe as another,

in this part of the country, where every

Indian is ready to pepper a fellow with

shot, or shoot him so full of arrows that

he’ll look like his mother’s pin cushion,”

said Samuel Maclay, surveyor and hunt-

er, as he wiped the moisture from the

barrel of his rifle and sat down on a large

stone to consider.



There was no one for him to talk to

but Jack, the dog, but dogs often under—

stand a great deal more than we give

them credit for, and when one wanders

about entirely alone for weeks, it is a.

relief to talk even to a well-meaning dog.



Jack sat down at his master’s feet and

cocked his ear comically to listen, as Mr.

Maclay resumed: “You and I must stay

some place, Jack, and we must have

something to eat, even if our fire does

attract the red boys, hey, old fellow?”



A violent wagging of his tail was Jack’s

eloquent answer, emphasized by a series

of short, delighted barks.



“Down, down there, Jack; don’t you

know better than to bark these times?

If you keep on getting reckless, Chief

Sleep—till-noon will be dangling your

master’s scalp from his belt and Squaw

Greasy-cheek will be roasting you in the

coals," scolded Maclay, and Jack dropped

his tail in a very forlorn and penitent

manner.



Mr. Maclay, on this surveying excur-

sion, in the year 1767, a short time after

the capture of Fort DuQuesne and before

peace had been established with the Indi-

ans, knew not what bush concealed a

deadly, redskinned enemy. However, he

coolly set about preparing his evening

meal.



The place he had chosen to utilize as

kitchen, dining-room and bed chamber

was a fine open lot near a spring, in a

valley in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania,

near a branch of the Juniata river. The

spring water was pure and sweet, as it

gushed from the earth, and the place

looked wonderfully inviting to the tired

man, as it lay ii.‘ the hollow between two

low hills. He untied his hunting sack and

took from it a piece of venison.





“And you would like a morsel, too,

would you, you old rascal?" he queried

of Jack, as he builded a fire of dry twigs,

that it might make as little smoke as

possible to attract the attention of any

stray Indians who might be lurking about

with a burning desire for a lock of his

hair. Soon the delicious fragrance of

broiling venison permeated the evening

air.



Mr. Maclay. like the boy campers of

our own day, could not refrain from

“trying it on the dog:" so he cut off a

large slice of the tender meat and gave it

to Jack. The manifestations of enjoy—

ment on the part of the affectionate ani—

mal must have satisfied him that his own

cooking was not so bad. for he himself

commenced to eat with a relish.



Having finished his supper, he drank

deeply from the spring and, preparing

himself a comfortable bed of leaves, drew

his blanket about him and threw himself





 





THE MICHIG





down, with his feet to the fire. Jack

stretched himself close to his master,

yawned noisily and laid his head on his

outstretched paws. In a. short time both

were in a sound sleep. ,



It was in the gray of the early morning

that Mr. Maclay was suddenly awakened

from his slumbers by Jack’s muffled

growls. He opened his eyes and saw the

dog’s lips drawn back from' his white

teeth and his eyes gleaming yellow in the

first rays of the sun. Looking in the

direction indicated, he saw, outlined in

bold relief against the clear sky, the

figure of a large Indian, only a few yards

from him, on the low hill opposite. This

unexpected visitor was in the act of cock-

ing his gun, with the barrel resting on his

left arm, at the same time looking intent-

ly upon Maclay. Surprised but not un-

nerved, Maclay sprang to his feet, seizing

the rifle that lay by his side.





To his surprise, the Indian did not

move a muscle, nor did he, as Maclay ex-

pected, take to a tree, but remained in

the same attitude, without further motion

of firing. Neither stirred, but each stood

gazing at the other, the tenseness of each

figure seeming to increase with every

heart beat. Suddenly the Indian opened

the pan of his rifle and threw out his

powder.



The white man felt his muscles relax

and a strange weakness come over him.

He followed the example of the Indian,

and with outstretched hand, in token of

peace, approached his uninvited guest,

who grasped it with the warmth of a

brother.



Maclay was amazed at the courage of

this dusky son of the forest who could

thus throw the priming of his gun when

facing an armed enemy of another nation

and color in time of grievous war be-

tween the two races. He was still more

surprised to learn that his early caller

was none other than Logan, the celebrat-

ed Mingo chief, who afterward suffered

such outrageous treatment at the hands

of the white brothers whom he loved that

every one of his kin were exterminated.

From the anguish of his bleeding heart,

he cried out, in the words that nearly

every American schoolboy knows by

heart: “Logan never felt fear. He will

not turn on his heel to save his life. Who

is there to mourn for Logan?—Not one.”



The spring near which this incident oc-

curred still bears the title of "Logan's

Spring.”





 





THE SEASON FOR RUBBER FOOT-

WEAR.



The season for rubber footwear is ap-

proaching, and each and every Michigan

Farmer reader should be properly equip—

ped with footwear to protect them from

the effects of the cold, muddy, snowy or

slushy weather. The preservation of

health demands this and no better invest-

ment can be made than in footwear which

will protect every member of the farm

family from the danger of health expo-

sure due to the varying weather which is

characteristic of Michigan winters.



In the purchase of rubber footwear, true

economy lies in getting the best makes,

which, indeed, is the case with practically

all goods. However, there is a wider dif-

ference in quality between different makes

of rubber goods than in many other lines

of manufacture, and it will prove profit-

able in every instance to buy a Well

known brand, the manufacturers of which

have their trade-mark, and have a repu-

tation to sustain in the quality of the

goods sold. In this .way the purchaser

will get the benefit of the first quality at

practically no increase in cost, since the

manufacturers of the best trade-marked

brands of rubber goods distribute their

product direct to the retailer, thus elim-

inating the jobber and his profits in the

distribution of their product. There is

room for the exercising of good business

judgment in the purchase of rubber goods

for winter wear on the farm and the

above suggestions will be helpful to many

in solving the problem in a satisfactory

manner.





 





“I should like to chat with you a while,

Mrs. Duggan,” says the young lady who

has taken up settlement work. “I want

to talk with you about—-” “Are ye one

of them uplifters?” interrupts Mrs. Dug-

gan, without taking her hands from the

washtub. “Well—in a sense, that is my

hope." “Well, I’ve just this to say. I

was one day behind with my\ washin’s

last week because of helpful viSItin’ com-

mittee ladies, an’ from now on them that

wants to improve my condition in life

will either have to do th’ washin' while I

sit an’ listen or pay me 50 cents an hour

f’r hearin’ them through with an interest-

ed an’ aspirin’ expression.”





\





A‘N ' FAR‘MER.





   

 





Built

like o





l





a”?





 

 

 





/‘ r E;/ ’x‘\\‘fl / \‘Illn-

. \\\/¢. \\%\' ‘/ /.\/ .,,////////<\/\\\E///§¢\\\\

“ Silk / «4: / .





_ ,/

F .





St





A

III/I.





 





AMERICA’S BEST RANGE





The Arcadian is a perfect baking

range, and stays a perfect baker for a life-

time because it is built like a locomotive

boiler. Built of malleable iron and charcoal

ir a riveted together instead of being bolted



together. Made airtight without the use of

stove putty to crumble and fallout, as hap-

pens in cast iron and so-

called steel ranges, allow-

ing false drafts to fan the

fire or deaden it.





The Arcadian [Range will never

, have false drafts—it WI“ always do

perfea baking, using a third less

fuel than common ranges.

Never need to use blackening—a. rub with

on oiled cloth makes it appear like new. It

pays for itself over and over in the fuel it saves,

' to say nothing of the way it makes a woman's

work easier and allows her to do perfect baking.



The Arcadian is sold by dealers.



Write for Free Booklet. It tells inside facts

about: range construction shows how to pick out a

good range, and find the faults in poor ranges. It;

will save you money. and it “interesting reading.

Free. Write today to Dept.7





Arcadian Malicabie Range (20.. Milwaukee. Wis.





 

   

   

 

   

 

 





\’ __.___>

v: M v

“ vW/fifl/A‘W/I/IW/{I





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





k.Ei ughl'drjho

arm; GAE:

' mania)

Em ems/scam:

Built to handle the g





heaviest ammunition

with greatest accuracy

and safety.





 





BIG GAME

CARTRIDGES





W





Its parts are few and strong and simple.‘

The breech is locked by a turning bolt





as in the latest design of military rifles.





   

 





Five smashing, one-ton blows delivered with

lightning speed or deliberate fire as need may be.

The only recoil-operated rifle locking the cart-

ridge in the chamber until after the bullet has

left the muzzle.





WIL'M—the perfect shooting





. combination.

Send for Descriptive Foldep





Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co.

299 Broadway, New York City





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





THERE is great warmth

andcomfortinthethick,

soft Lambsdown fleece

—there is two seasons’ service in

every garment.





F leece-Lined Underwear





Lambsa’own is the reliable fleece-lined

underwear. It is smooth and easy in

fit and keeps the body warm and dry.

Physxcxans pronounce it the great

health underwear.



’I‘ry Lambsdown. Itwill cut your underwear

bills in two and double your comfort.



For Men and Boys





At your dealer's. In Separate and Union

Garments, at 50c, 75c and up. Look for the

Bodygard Shield. It is your safeguard.

Write for Bodygard Book No. 73., ‘





UTICA KNITTING CO.

Utica New York

Makers of Bodygard Underwears,

including Vellasfic, Twolayr.

Springtex and Az'rykm't.





 





 





 





 





- Arm" . .w—
OCT. ‘28, 1911.

Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more





consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





   





THE NOVEM BER PROGRAMS.





State Lecturer's Suggestions for First

Meeting.



Co-operation Day program, recognizing

the rapid increase of co-operative enter-

prises.



Debate—Resolved, that to sell farm pro-

duce through co-operative societies, or-

ganized on the Rochdale plan, would be

of m'ore financial value to the farmer than

to increase the production of his farm.



Recitation.



Why can the Grange run a fire insur-

ance company more economically than a.

farmers’ mutual covering the same terri-

tory?



What are the special features of the

Michigan Grange life insurance company?



Roll call—responded to by each member

giving a thought, quotation or instance

of co-operation.



Music, interspersed throughout by or—

chestra and choir.



Cake contest, in charge of social com-

mittee.



THE PLOWING MATCH A SUCCESS-

FUL GRANGE EVENT.





 





 





Charlevoix county is, so far as known,

the only county, in Michigan that holds

an annual plowing match. For years ,it

has been one of the big events in this

county. Barnard and Marion Center

Granges have fostered and encouraged the

holding of these annual matches in years

past, but this year the plowing match

was held under the auspices of Ironton

Grange during the early part of October.





Other Granges in Michigan that are”





seeking means for the improvement of

their financial condition, for making an

opportunity for their members to frater-

nize with the citizens of their neighhbor-

ing towns and cities, and at the same

time bringing about improvement in the

first principle of good farming, viz., plow-

ing, may be interested in learning how a

plowing match is conducted.



The first thing is to get a good list of

prizes. Call on the business men and

officials in your home town or cityvand

ask them to contribute something toward

the prizes. Ironton Grange this year





secured about $150 worth of prizes for





the plowmen and the victors in the field

day sports.



The plowing begins in the morning and

is judged by points for straightness of

furrow, start, finish, etc. The plowing

is finished by noon, by which time the

plowmen, as well as their friends who

haVe assembled from all parts of the

county, are ready for the chicken-pie

dinner which is always a big feature of

the event and brings a goodly sum into

the Grange treaasury.



After dinner an auction of quilts, ap-

rons, etc., which the Grange sisters have

been manufacturing during the year is

held, and the treasury gets another boost.

The rest of the afternoon is taken up

with field day sports; everybody being

out for fun and a goOd time. Supper,

with more money for the treasury, comes

next and the day closes with a dance.



'lfiiroughout the entire year the boys,

and men, too, are practicing for the

plowing match, so that real benefit in

the advancement of good husbandry is

apparent, as well as the big sum of money

it brings to the Grange.



GLENN M. DuBors.





-_—_7_4





FACTORS IN RURAL EDUCATION.





 





(Concluded from last week).





The Grange can have no higher mission

than to fit those within its gates for bet—

ter service. To this end it should do its

own work well. It is the duty of every

officer to be prepared to discharge the re-

sponsibilities of his position with credit

to himself and profit to the Grange. He

should be prompt and regular in attenu-

ance. He should know his part in the

opening and closing ceremonies, in order

that the work may not drag but rather

be performed in an interesting and in-

spiring manner. The entire membership

should support the officers heartily, and

in every possible way. The degree and

ritualistic work should be properly ex—

ecuted.



Under the "District System" of Grange

supervision we spent a year in the effort

to improve the degree work in Michigan

Granges. The result was highly gratify-

i‘g. Indeed, I doubt if we ever received

a, better return in any line, considering

the effort put forth.



Wherever possible, the Grange should

have a good degree team. The language





 





 





THB’ ' VMICHIGAN FARMER.‘





of. the ritual is too impressive. and its

lessons too valuable to be passed over

lightly. The drilling required to fit a

degree team for good work has much of

value in itself to any company of young

people engaging in it. Apart from the

beautiful and helpful sentiments ex-

pressed, the work teaches discipllne, and

discipline is most, essential in all the

activities of life.



Every Grange should be a school in

agriculture. It should encourage the

reading of agricultural. literature. It

should co-operate with the farmers' “In-

stitute Society" and any and every

agency that tends toward better agricul-

ture. It should promote corn contests,

contests in potato growing, efforts toward

the improvement of fruits and grains—in

short, it should do everything possible to

interest our boys and girls in the farm

and to prepare them to live there with a

greater degree of independence, with less

fathers and mothers have known.



The Grange should cultivate a taste for

good literature. It should be a school in

current events. It should discuss freely

and without prejudice great public ques-

tions that are not partisan in their na-

ture. It should be deeply interested in

the public good. It should stand for the

conservation not only of our material re-

sources, but of those priceless stores of

mind and soul that are indispensable to

our highest happiness.



The opportunities of the lecture hour

are all but limitless. At once a school in

farming and homemaking, an inspiration

to higher citizenship, a literary society,

a debating club, and more, can we crowd

into that short hour if we will.



But what are we doing about it all?





Sparta (Kent Co.) Grange Choir on the





Think of it, reader! A Grange in each

of eight hundred neighborhoods in Mich-

igan, most of them meeting twice each

of eigh hundred neighborhoods in Mich-

month! What could we not accomplish if

we lived up to our privileges in these

meetings? The greatest need of the

Grange today is not a. larger membership

but better work. This work will be per-

formed only as the result of an ideal, and

into that ideal it must needs be our aim

hard work and more léisure than their

to build all that is best in thought and

life. W. F. TAYLOR.





Benzle Pomona is planning for a coun-

ty exhibit of fruit in connection with its

November meeting which will occur at

Inland. The members also propose keep—

ing this exhibit intact for the purpose of

taking it to Kalamazoo when State

Grange meets there in December.





COMING EVENTS.





National Grange, forty-fifth annual

session, opens at Columbus, Ohio, Wed-

nesday, Nov. 15.



Michigan State Grange, Thirty-ninth

annual session, at Kalamazoo, Dec. 11-15.

Pomona Meetlngs.



Gratiot Co., with Sumner Grange, Sat-

urday, Nov. 4. Hon. Geo. B. Horton,

state speaker. '

Gratiot 00.,

Thursday, Nov. 9.

state speaker. .

Ingham Co., with Capital Grange, Fri-

day, November 17. J. C. Ketcham, state



speaker.



Lenawee Co., at Adrian, Thursday, Dec.

7. Annual meeting and election of offi-

cars.





with Sumner Grange,

Hon. Geo. B. Horton,





3 FARMERS’ owns a





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.



President—B. A. Holden, Wixom.



Vice-I’res.—~J. D. Leland, Corunna.



Secretary—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Meta»

mora.



Treasurer—Mrs. Lewis Sackett, Eckford.



Directors—fix. R. Palmer, Jackson, Wm.

H. Marks, Fair Haven; C. L. Wright,

Caro; E. 'W. Woodruff, Blanchard; C. P.

Johnson, Metamora; Patrick Hankerd,

Munith.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C

1’. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





 





Associationai Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





Associational Sentiment.—

Thc farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





.._.____..._..__.____.___





A MESSAGE To LOCAL CLUBS.





 





The annual meeting of the Michigan

State Association of Farmers’ Clubs will

be held in Lansing, (senate chamber),

December 5-6, 1911. _



What are you doing for it?



Each Club should send at least one del-

egate, two are better, with full instruc-

tions to pay the state dues, take copious

BULBS and give a full report of the meet~

ing to the local Club at its next session.



The delegates should give some thought

to their reports of their local Clubs, for

the Conference of Local Club Workers.

Spicy, condensed reports, embodying





 





Occasion of this Grange’s Annual Exhibi-

tion of Farm Products.





special methods of work, management,

etc., will not only add to the interest but

save much valuable time in this session.

All delegates must be elected in Novem-

ber as the meeting occurs so early in

December.



A strong program has been arranged,

but the local Clubs must supply the

crowd and enthusiasm without which the

best program is nothing. Work for it,

plan for it, come to it, and make the

meeting of 1911 the record breaker, both

in attendance and enthusiasm.



Mas. C. P. JOHNSON, Sec.





 





 





CLUB FAIRS.





 





Hadley and Elba Club.



The Hadley and Elba Farmers’ Club,

of Lapeer county, held its annual Club

fair at the Hadley town hall, October 19.

The fair was a great success in every

department, in spite of the many con-

fiicting influences. The prolonged rainy

weather put the farmers so behind with

their work that every pleasant day must

be improved now, while a wedding and

the funeral of our dear Mrs. Murphy

claimed many of our Club workers.



Mrs. Arthur Hurd and Mrs. Arthur

Rusk kindly brought a beautiful exhibit

of Irish linen, fancy work, paintings,

blackthorn canes, etc.



Mr. F. A. Smith exhibited an old sew-

ing machine, and a cane made from a

spar of Perry’s flagship, and Mrs. Smith

a fine collection of hand-embroidered

towels and pillow slips.



Large collections of old relics and cur-

ios were shown by Mrs. C. Burlingham,

Mrs. C. H. Mills, Mrs. George Schanck,

and others, and a sewing bird and an

old, old sewing machine deserve special

mention.



The fruit display was fairly good, but





(21) 381





the grain and vegetable departments

were ‘poorly patronized.



C. P. Johnson told “How he would keep

house if he were a woman,” much to the

edification of his lady hearers, while Mrs.

J. W. Tower, in her inimitable manner,

convulsed her audience by telling "How

she would manage a farm if she were a

man.” Mrs. DeClercq read the beautiful

poem, “When his hand is on your shoul-

der in a friendly sort of way.” The Club

fair has come to stay and we are already

planning for 1912.



The next meeting will be held with Mr.

and Mrs. Chas. Davenpoi-t, November 16.

This will be “Apple Day” and the pro-

gram is in charge of a special committee,

with Mrs. C. A. Bullock as chairman.—

Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Cor. Sec.



Columbia Club.



The October meeting of the Columbia.

Club. of Jackson county, was a most en-

joyable one held at “Sunnycrest,” with

Mr. and Mrs. M. C. and 'W. F. Raven.

A good atendance was present to listen

to the address by Prof. H. J. Eustace of

the M. A. C. Preceding this Miss Lila

Webster entertained the company with a

recitation, “Grandfather’s Story." In the

exhibit there were 23 varieties of apples

shown, most of them grown by Messrs.

Frederich and Weeks. There were nine

varieties of corn displayed, Reed’s In-

diana being shown of superior quality, in

contradiction to the assertion that it coulo‘

not be grown in Michigan. Among the

several kinds of potatoes shown an early

variety, Wisconsin Reds, were notice-

able. Among the other products dis-

played were some fine nuts from the

Crego farm, also from the Weeks farm.

Cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, beets and

other produce made a fine exhibit. The

juvenile exhibit of farm produce was

mostly raised and exhibited by Leon Pet-

erson, also a pair of Belgian hares.

Among the domestic articles shown were

pastry by Alice Boyce, needle and fancy

work by Gertrude Boyce and Ayesha

Raven, each of whom received first prize.

The general exhibit was very good, some

beautiful specimens of needle work and

crochet being shown by Mrs. Boyce, Miss

Crego, Mrsl Ladd, Mrs. \V. F. Raven,

Mrs. Freeman, Mrs. R. F. Peterson, Miss

Flint, Mrs. Dunn. Some old relics were

also on exhibition. A most abundant





supper was served and all rcturnwi to

their homes counting this another profit-

able and pleasant Club fair mccting. The





designation of Mrs. \V. l". llczuling as

secretary was accepted and Mrs. C. H.

Hewitt appointed in her piucc.



The November meeting will be at

“Millbrook Farm.” wilh All“. and Mrs.

George Conover on Novcmbcr ll. '



The Care and Value of Fruit—Prof.

Eustace’s lecturc was a most compre-

hensive one on the care and value of

fruit; one of the best the Club has been

favored with in some time. He pro—

nounced Jackson county one of the best

sections in the state for apple growing

and this with an extended acquaintance

with the orchards of Colorado. California,

Oregon and “leorgia. saying that the

Michigan and New York apple ranks

higher in flavor than any other grown in

the United States, and Jackson county

had ideal soil and climate conditions. He

spoke of a sample Of “ lrimes’ Golden"

raised by \V. “'eeks as the finest he had

evcr seen. He said for old orchards,

prune well and don’t be afraid to cut

the tops well off, so you can spray them.

Look out for San Jose scale. It will kill

the orchards in a few years. Spray with

a solution of lime and sulphur early be-

fore, the leaves or buds start, for the

first time. Second spraying, just before

the blossoms open use same solution,

adding arsenate of lead to the solution:

and in about two weeks use a fourth

spray of the lime and sulphur without

the lead, for winter fruit. Spraying

Should be done as late as early August.

He told of some orchards that had been

rented around Hillsdale and had netted

the renters thousands of dollars. If you

Won’t either rent the orchard so someone

can take care of it. or cultivate it your-

self, cut it down, for without some care

it will profit but little. The time has

gone by when one can produce good fruit

and not spray. A good spraying outfit

can be, bought from $12 to $20. You can~

not get too many Spys, Baldwins, Steel

Reds, while the Canadian Red will only ‘

grow to perfection through a small sec-

tion of Michigan and New York and the

demand for them is great. It will pay

to thin the trees when too heavily loaded.

in regard to peaches he said if they could

be grown in this section without the de~

structive yellows it was a most valuable

crop. No known remedy exists for that.

One man near Grand Rapids had planted

a new orchard on new soil with trees'

raised in Texas, but in a few years the

disease, had appeared. For curly leaf

spraying was most effective. For the

blight that affected pear and quince, cut

out the old wood. cutting out far enough

back to insure all healthy wood, as this

is a germ diseases. Then use the Bor-

deaux mixture in spraying. Spraying for

potatoes was also advocated. It has the

effect of stimulating the plants, causing

the tops to keep green longer and so con—

tinuing the growth of the potato. Prof.

Eustace spoke of the excellent market

advantages here compared to those where

the fruit had to be shipped half across

the country, thus losing much of the

value. He was asked if the market did

not afford a better price for highly color-

ed apples, such as was produced in the

west. in preference to ours. He said on

the whole. “no, taste and flavor were

bound to win." He had_ paid five cents

apiece many a time in the city for apples

of choice variety and flavor.





"Northeastern Michigan” is the title of

a report issued by the Northeastern Mich-

igan Development Bureau and addressed

to the members of boards of supervisors,

and contains much interesting informa-

tion regarding the work done by the

Bureau during the past year.
.. a-..” .,...-..





382 (22)-





gmflkjgia'rs ‘ f i





DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKET.

October 25, 1911.

Grains and Seeds.





Wheat—The market continued to make

substantial advances in wheat. over the

improved prices ruling a week ago. Just

now, however, the bears are trying to

stem the upward trend of trading and are

flooding the market with all the news

possible to gain that end. They note an

increase in the world’s visible supply; a

slight weakening of the Liverpool mar-

ket, a big crop in Argentine and the fact

that four large milling companies of Min-

neapolis closed their mills because they

had completed filling orders in sight. The

bulls, however, are encouraged by the

war situation in Europe, which is inter-

rupting the small yield of wheat in Rus—

sia getting to the western European mar-

kets. They are also apprised of the

shortage in the yield of Australian wheat,

the estimate of which makes the output

20,000,000 bushels short of what it was a

year ago. This, with the general demand

from millers through this country, for

cash wheat to grind into ilour, has given

the upward trend of the trade good sup-

port. A year ago No. 2 red wheat was

quoted at 951/2c per bu. Quotations for

the week are as follows:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Dec. May.

Thursday ...$ .99 .96 551.01% $1 06%

Friday ...... 1.00 .97 1.02% 1.07%.

Saturday . 1.00% .9794 1.03% 1083/4

Monday .. 1.0014 .9714 1.03 107%

Tuesday .. 1.0014 .9714 1.03 1.07%





Corn.-——Values for corn have improved

with that of wheat, the influence of which

trade is largely responsible for the change

here, however, export demand has given

the trade good reasons to put prices up.

The bearish feature of the trade was a

little improvement in the weather over

the corn belt which is enabling farmers

to work on their fields; but forecasts in-

dicate further rain interruption which

will likely destroy the value of the Weath-

er conditions for the bears for the time

being and lower the quality of the corn

that farmers will finally get into their

cribs. Demand is largely for future de-

liveries. The local market is somewhat

inactive and quiet. One year ago the

price for No. 3 corn was51c per bu.

Quotations for the week are as follows:





0 3 No. 3

Corn Yellow

Thursday . . . . . ........... 75 751/2

Friday ............. 751,5 76

Saturday . ................ 76% 76

Monday .................. 77 76%

Tuesday .................. 76% 76





Oats—The quotations for this grain

have fluctuated around the closing price

of a week ago, Tuesday’s price being

identical with, that of the former date.

There is no news of importance regarding





the trade. One year ago the price for

standard oats was 34%0 per bu. Follow-

ing are the leading quotations:

Standard No. 3

. White.

Thursday ................. 50 . 40%

Friday .......... 501/2 50

Saturday ................. , 50%, 49%

Monday .................. 50 491/2

Tuesday .................. 50 49%





Beans. Cash beans were at their high

point last' Thursday, they having de-

clined 5c in quotations here since then.

The market seems to be somewhat un-

certain, the bears, however, are doing

their utmost to keep prices down until

they can secure what they desire of this

year’s crop. All reports indicate that the

rercentage of good beans will be very

small compared to the whole crop har-

vested. The market here is firm at the

quotations given and the receipts coming

in are not in good condition. Following

are the quotations-for the week:





 





Oct. Dec.

Thursday .................. $2.35 $2.30

Friday . . . . . ................ 2.33 2.30

Saturday ................... 2.30 . 2.30

Monday' .................... 2.30 2.30

Tuesday ................... 2.30 2.30





Clover Seed.-—On Tuesday October clo-

ver seed advanced 15c. There is active

dealing in this branch of the trade with





consignments smaller than usual for this

season. Alsike is steady. Quotations

for the week are as follows:



Oct. Alsike.

Thursday ...... . . ........ $12.25 $10.50

Friday ...... 12.25 10.50

Saturday ........ . ....... 12.25 10.50

Monday ........ 12.25 10.50

Tuesday ........ . ........ 12.40 10.50





Timothy Seed—Sales continue to be

made at last week’s price, which is $7.20

per bushel for prime spot.



Rye.—Rye lost the 1c advance made

last week and is now selling at $1.00 per

bushel for cash No. 2.



Flour, Feed, Potatoes, Etc.





FIour.——-There is a brisk demand for

flour, with prices unchanged.





Straight ............................. . 4.10

Patent Michigan ................... . 4.75

Ordinary Patent ..................... 4.40





Feed. —All grades steady with last wee

Carlot prices on track are: Bran, $27 per

ton; coarse middlings, $29; fine middlings

$32; cracked corn, $30; coarse corn meal,

$30: corn and oat chop, $28 per ton.



Hay and Straw.—Timothy higher. Oth-

er grades steady. Quotations: No. 1

timothy, $20@20.50: No. 2 timothy, $18.50

@19; clover, mixed, $17@19; rye straw,

3861‘850; wheat and oat-straw, $7@7.50

per ton.



Pctatoes.——Potatoes are in good supply

but are not crowding the trade to an ex-

tent that prices-are suffering, since quo-

tations here are steady. Many consign-

ments give unsatisfactory returns because

of the grading. Car lots on track are

quoted at 60@65c per bushel. .



Provisions—Family pork, $18®18.50;

mess pork, $15; medium clear. $14.50@16;





' THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





hams, 1414c; bacon, 12%@14%c; pure

lard in tierces, 101/40; kettle rendered

lard, 11c per lb.



Dairy and Poultry Products.



Bunch—Creamery butter is higher

with dairies steady. There is a strong

demand and a lively trade for all the

better grades. Quotations: Extra cream-

ery, 2955c; firsts, do., 2835c; dairy, 20c;

packing stock, 10c per lb.



Eggs.—-—Price for' fresh eggs is higher

than the improved price of last week, the

decrease in supplies being responsible.

Fresh receipts, case count, cases included,

are now quoted‘at 24%c per dozen.



Poultry.——Broilers, hens and

ducks have made another drop. Other

kinds steady. The market is easy owing

to the liberal supply. Prices are: Live—





young





'Hens, 8@10c; turkeys, 14@15c; geese, 8@





9c; ducks, 12@13c; young ducks, 14c;

spring chickens, 11c; No. 2 chickens, 9c.



Cheese.—-Michigan, old, 16@1617§c; Mich-

igan, late, 153§@16c; York state, new,16@

1635c; Swiss, domestic block, 19@21c;

cream brick, 15@16c; limburger, 12@13c.



VcaI.——-Market steady. Fancy, 11@12c;

choice, 869C per lb.



Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage—Steady. Selling at

1.75 per bbl. for home-grown.



Onions—Steady; 80@90c per bu.



Pears.—75ctti’1 per bu for average of-

ferings.



Apples—There has been a firming oi

the undertone in this deal although prices

are steady. Average-offerings are going

at 50@75c perbu; Snows are selling at

$2.50@3 per bbl.



Grapes.—Niagara 4-lb. basket, 150;

Concord, 8-lb. basket, 14@15c.



From Farmers' Wagons on Detroit East-

ern Market.



Farmers were not having much diffi-





$1.60@





- culty in disposing of their products on





\Vednesday morning as most of the wag-

ons were emptied at an early hour. Prices

are ruling about the same as a week ago,

the offerings consisting largely of pota-

toes, apples, cabbage, celery, etc. Good

celery was selling at 30c per large bunch;

turnips, 40c per bu; carrots, 400; ruta-

bagas, 40c; cabbage was selling at from

35((540c per bu. It was difficult to find

good apples, most of the offerings being

wind-falls; they were selling from 60c@

$1.40 per bu. Potatoes were freely offered,

fancy goods, however, were difficult to

find; they were selling from 75@800 per

bu; hay was scarce, with quotations still

ruling at from $20@25 per ton.





OTHER MARKETS.





 





Grand Rapids.



Potatoes were firm and higher on the

city market Tuesday morning, selling

readily at 70c. Much damage from rot

is feared on account of wet weather.

Keit‘fer pears sold at 30611400; snow apples

at 85c@$1.10. Hay is worth $17®18 per

ton. Eggs are 2c higher than last week

and butter is also up Jyéc. Wheat is

worth 95c; rye, 89c; oats, 50c; corn 73c.

Dressed hogs are selling at 8@8%c.



Chicago.



VVheat.~—No. 2 red, $1.011,§@1.0234; Dec.

31.01%; May, $10693 per bu.



Corn.~—No. 2, 7314@74%c; Dec., 65%c:





May, 66%c per bu. ..

48@48%c; Dec.,





Oats—No. 2 white,

47%0; May, 50%c.



Barley.—-Malting grades, $1.00@1.25 per

bu; feeding, 75@95c.



Butter.—The check given the trade

last week was not permanent and an-

other advance was made through a better

demand and outlet for the supplies. Trade

is steady at the new figures. Creameries,

2360291430; dairies, 22@27c per lb.



Eggs. The steadiness of this trade is

shown by the unchanged quotations.

Supplies are not heavy and demand is

steady. Quotations: Prime firsts, 220;

firsts, 21c; at mark, cases included, 15@

18c per dozen.



Potatoes—There is an active demand

here and prices are improved for all

grades. Michigan stock is now quoted

at 60@65c per bu; \Visconsin, 57@63c;

Minnesota, 60@65c. -



Beans—Quotations are lower for all ex-

cept red kidneys which are higher. Choice

hand-picked pea beans are quoted at

$2.43@2.48 per bu; prime, $2.32@2.34; red

kidneys, $2.75@3.25 per bu.



Hay and Straw.——Hay is

last week‘s advanced prices. All kinds

of straw are higher except wheat.

Quotations: Choice timothy, $22@23 per

ton; do., No. 1 $20@21; do., No. 2 and

No. 1 mixed, $l9@20; do., No. 3 and No.

2 mixed, $14@18; clover, $15@17; do., No.

2 and no grade, $8@13; rye straw, $10@

1]; cat straw, $9@9.50 per ton; wheat

straw, $6@7 per ton.





New York.





Butter.—~All grades are higher with

other markets. Creamery specials are

quoted at 320 per lb; extras, 31c; firsts,

286329150; seconds, 251/2@27c; thirds, 23175

@24téc.



Eggs.——Nearby grades steady, with

western goods higher. Fresh gathered

extras, 30@31c; extra, firsts, 26@28c; sec-

onds. 20@22c; western gathered whites,

286ii35c per dozen. _



Poultry.——Live—Firmer, western chick-

ens, 12fn713c: fowls, 12@131,éc; turkeys,

15c. Dressed, quiet. Turkeys, 10@20c;

fowls, 7@16%c; western chickens, 10@

16c per lb.





 





steady at





 





Boston.



VVooL—There has been heavy buying of

small lots of wool here the past week

with prices about steady. Michigan %—

blood is in good demand and selling

around 24c. Other kinds claim a fair

share of the buyer's patronage. Follow-

ing are the leading domestic quotations:

Ohio and Pennsylvania fieeces—Delaine

washed, 30c; XX, 28c; fine unmerchant-

able, 22@23c; 1,lz-blood combing, 25%@

26c; %-blood combing, 2460245420; %-blood

combing, 24c; delaine unwashed, 25c; fine

unwashed, 210. Michigan, Wisconsin and

New York fleeces—Fine unwashed, 19@

20c; delaine unwashed, 23@24c; 1,s-blood





unwashed, 24%@25c. Kentucky, Indiana.





and Missouri—%-blood, 24c; -blood 23

‘ @233“. y" '





 





Elgin.



Batten—Market firm at 29%c per 1b.,

which is a. 1,50 advance over last week’s

quotation. Output for the week, 687,300

lbs., as compared with 693,700 lbs. for the

previous week.





 





 





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.

‘ October 23, 1911.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens.

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 240 cars; hogs, 140 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 110 double decks; calves

1,000 head.



With 240 cars of cattle on our market

today, and with 35,000’reported in Chi-

cago, the cattle here all being of common

and fair, with a few loads of good qual-

itY. and not a prime load on the market,

we have to quote this market all of 15@

25c per cwt. lower than last week. Had

there been any strictly prime cattle here,

they would have readily brought last

week’s quotations, but there was an ov-

ersupply of medium and common and

pretty good ca’ttle here, without a single

load of prime cattle on the market.



we quote: Best 1,400 to 1,600-lb. steers

$7.60@7.75; good prime 1,300 to 1,400-lb.

steers, $7@7.25; do. 1,200 to 1,300-lb. do.,

$6.50@7.25; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb. shipping

steers, $5.50@6; medium butcher steers,

1,000 to 1,100 lbs., $5@5.50; light butcher

steers, $450685; best fat cows, $4.25@5;

fair to good do., $3.50@4.10; common to

medium do., $2.50@3; trimmers, $1.75@

2.50; best fat heifers, $5.25@5.75; good

do. $4.50@5; fair to good do., $4@4.50;

stock heifers, $3.25@3.50; best feeding

steers. dehorned, $4.50@5; common do.,

333.50.293.75; stockers, all grades, $3.50@

3.75; prime export bulls, $5@5.25; best

butcher bulls, $4.25@4.75; bologna bulls,

$3.25@3.75; stock bulls, $3.00@3.75; best

milkers and springers, $50@60; common to

good do., $256035. ' .



The hog market opened slow, but ruled

fairly active after the opening round, and

the bulk of the choice quality yorkers,

mixed and medium weights selling at

$6.75, with quite a number as low as $6.65.

A few selected decks running to the heav-

ier weights sold at $6.80. The best qual-

ity and weight pigs sold generally at $6.10,

and rough sows at $5.85@5.90. Stags at

$4.50@5.25. Few decks of late arrivals

going over unsold.



The sheep and lamb market was active

today; most of the choice lambs sold

from $6.25@6.35. Wethers from $3.656!)

3.85. Everything about sold. Think they

will hold about steady the balance of the

week, unless we get a heavy run Friday.





W'e quote: Best spring lambs, $6.25@

6.35: cull to common do., $4.75@5.25;

wethers, $3.65@3.85; bucks, $2.50@2.75;





yearlings, $4.25@4.50; handy ewes, $3.25@

3.50; heavy ewes, $3.25@3.40; cull shehep,

$1.50@2.25; veals, choice to extra, $9@

9.25: fair to good do., $8@8.75; heavy

calves, $4@5.





 





Chicago.

October 23, 1911.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 35,000 33,000 70,000

Same day last year..27,296 24,639 49,963

Received last week...72,306 151,800 220,585

Same week last year.78,142 109,148 203,886



Cattle below $7.75 were largely a dime

lower today under heavy offerings, with a.

rather slow demand, especially for the un-

desirable lots. The better class had a

good sale at steady prices. About 10,000

western range cattle arrived and, sold

largely 10c lower.



Hogs started off weak to 5c lower this

morning, but later in the morning the

market firmed up under a good general

demand, and the top was 21,420 higher than

last Saturday. Sales were at a range of

35.90656721/2, lots averaging 205 to 280

lbs. selling highest, while pigs weighing

110 lbs. and under brought $4.25@5.40 and

selected pigs weighing 100 to 130 lbs. went

at 555.5065590. Light packing and select-

ed shipping hogs weighing 135 to 195

lbs. sold at $5.90@6.621,é, and stags

brought $0.50@6.85.~ Hogs marketed last

week averaged 222 lbs., compared with

209 lbs. a week earlier and 201 lbs. two

weeks earlier, indicating a decreased mar-

keting of pigs. A year ago the average

was 249 lbs. and two years ago 226 lbs.

Hogs sold a week ago at $6.05@6.80.



Another enormous run of sheep and

lambs today caused slowness in undesir-

able offerings, but feeders sold well, and

choice lambs were‘firm, with no large per-

centage of that kind. Weakness charac-

terized poor lots of lambs and sheep not

adapted-for feeding.



.Cattle of the best grade made further

big advances in prices last week, bringing

the top within a dime of the predicted

$9 mark. This is the highest figure paid

since the closing month of 1909 and is 30c

above the previous high record of the

present year, which was made week be—

fore last. This is sufficient confirmation

of the great scarcity of cattle in feeding

districts of the country, and predictions

are heard that further advances will take

place later on. The commoner kinds of

cattle have been kept from advancing,

with the choicer lots by the competition

from grassers from the ranges, but the

range shipping is nearing its close, and

after that all sorts of cattle may be ex-

pected to go decidedly higher. Inferior

grass-fed natives have been selling at

$4.65@6, and any lots that were choice

sold at $8.50 and over, a good grade

bringing $7.50 and upward, while medium

cattle brought $6.50@7.45. Wednesday is

the big day for choice beeves, Illinois fed

cattle being plentiful on that day, and

last Wednesday saw lots of sales at $8.25

((08.90, 104 head going for $8.90. Fat

yearlings went at $7.50@8.30, and export

steers had a limited sale at $6.60@7.25.

Butcher stock sold very well, with a. slow

rise in the better class, cows and heifers

fetching $8.306”, but little was sold above





Ibeeves on sale.





001‘. 28. 1911." ‘





$6. Cutters went at $2.65@3.25; canners

at $1.75@2.60 and bulls at $3@5.50. By

Thursday the advance in cattle had spent

its force, and prices were generally lower,

buyers and sellers being apart in their

views, but there were no strictly prime

Calves sold at $3@9.50

per 100 lbs. during the week, with the

late top $9. Stockers and feeders experi—

enced an active week, with good cattle

chiefly wanted and selling high under

limited offerings. Stockers went at $3@

5.15 and feeders at $4.60@5.80. Western

range cattle sold at $3.85@7.25 for steers

and $3.10@5.75 for cows and heifers, many

of the steers at $5.40 and under going

for stockers and feeders. Mllch cows had

a good outlet at $30@75 per head, buyers

wanting only good ones as a rule.



Hogs were. marketed freely most of the

time last week, and there was a good de-

mand as a rule, eastern shippers taking





good numbers of the choicest lots of light





weights, causing these to decline more

slowly when the market was weak than

other descriptions. Local packers were

bearish in sentiment and did what they

could to hold down packing lots, but it

was not easy to force the best hogs lower.

At times a good many hogs were carried

over unsold to the following day, and this

helped to depress values for the ordinary

and medium grades. Pigs, especially ex-

tremely light weights, were again in large

supply and sold at a big discount, the

greater part coming from parts of Illinois

where swine plague has broken out. Hogs

are selling much below the prices of one

and two years ago, but they are higher

still than in most other years at corres-

ponding dates, 1902 excepted. Owing to

the large percentage of light bacon hogs

coming to market, the weightier hogs are.

having a better demand at better prices

than were paid not long ago. Farmers

have marketed the greater part of their

matured hogs, and this looks favorable

for the future hog market.





Sheep and lambs have been arriving in

enormous numbers, particularly from the

range country, the approach of winter

stimulating sheepmen to hurry up ship-

ments. On Monday last week the receipts

were the largest on record, aggregating

71,792 head. There has been a large out-

let, with a good demand for range feeder

lambs and sheep to forward to feeding

districts in Michigan.' Ohio and other

near-by sections, but for all that, prices

have ruled on an average very low. and

sheepmen have picked up plenty of rare

bargains that should result in their mak-

ing substantial profits, provided they do

their part in making them fat. Feeders,

as well as live muttons, are much lower

than a ,year ago, but after the range

shipping season closes much higher prices

for well finished flocks may be expected.

Fat lambs still sell at an enormous premi-

um over the best yearlings and sheep,

with large supplies of thin fed lambs sell-

ing low in price. Fat lambs sold ex-

tremely well at the close of the week on

account of a scarcity, but most sheep were

off 25c and yearlings 10@150. Lambs sold

at 336175.15 for feeders and at $5.20@6.1E

for killers, while ewes went at $1.75@

2.75 for feeders and at $3693.50 for killers.

'V'Vethers sold at $3.50@4, feeders going at

$3.25@3.65. Yearlings sold at $3.75@4.25,

with feeder yearlings taken at $3.50@4.10.

Breeding ewes were active at $3.50@4.40.





Horses have met with a slower demand,

there being fewer out-of—town buyers in

attendance, and even good drafters had a

slower sale. The lighter-weight drafters

sold on a basis of $175@220 per head, with

the heavier ones salable at $225@300, and

a splendid roan gelding that weighed

around 2,000 lbs. brought $400. Wagoners

were wanted at $160@200, and feeders

were salable at $140@265. The demand

for southern chunks has ceased. F.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Prices for bacon are slow to fall in the

retail markets of the country, and in

Chicago, which is the largest market for

hogs in the world, bacon is retailing at

28c per pound for sides and at 300 for

sliced lots. This is in spite of the fact

that all the markets are liberally supplied

with bacon material, light-weight bacon

hogs arriving in generous numbers. Even

Omaha, which is known as a market for

heavy hogs, is getting lots of pigs that

are being shipped in without any claim

that disease is responsible.

have gone to a premium and are likely to

stay there unless farmers cease sacrificing

their young hogs and mere pigs. Light

hogs have sold recently as much as $2.40

per 100 lbs..lower than a year ago.



There is a steady demand from dairy

districts for high-class forward springers,

as well as for fresh cows of the better

class, and fancy animals command high

prices, with nowhere near enough offered

to go around. Occasionally a sale is made

at the Chicago stock yards of a prime

Holstein cow at $75, but not many cows

go above $65, with medium to good ones

selling at $40@60 and common cows

bringing as low as $30. Backward spring-

ers are sold- usually to killers at low fig-

ures. '



A. G. Bridgeford, a banker and all-

around farmer of Illinois, was in Chicago

recently and showed an account sale of a

good lot of cattle of his own feeding that

had averaged 1,270 pounds and brought

$7.70 per 100 lbs. As the cattle cost him

$4.75 per 100 lbs. a little more than three

months earlier, when he put them on

feed, he made a nice profit.



Because of the drought in various graz~

ing districts of the eastern corn belt

states, a serious shortage of cattle .pur-

chased by grazers is reported. At the

important distributing point, Lancaster,

Pennsylvania, there has been up to latest.

accounts a shortage of 30,000 head of

young cattle sold to farmers of the sur-

rounding cOuntry. It is easy to figure





out that this will result in a corresponding'





shortage in the eastern supply of fat cat-





tle next spring and a marked increase in‘ '





the demand for cattle in central western

markets, but the chances are that the

central west will be poorly fixed for meet-

ing this demand. or course, this means

extremely high prices for good, fat cattle.





 





 





Heavy hogs'





 





 





 





l

l
OCT. 23. 1911.

THIS Is THE LAST EDITION.





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





 





DETROIT LIVE.STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.

October 26, 1911

Cattle.





Receipts, 1,295. Canners and common

cows 15@25c lower; all other. grades 10@

15c lower than last week. -



We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $5.50; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $4.50@5; do., 800 to 1,000, $4@4.50;

grass steers and heifers that are fat,

800 to 1,000, $4@4.50; do., 500 to 700, $3.50

@4; choice fat cows, $4@4.25; good fat

cows, $3.50@3.75; common cows, $2.50@

3; canners, $1.50@2.50; choice heavy bulls.

$4; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $3.50@

3.75; stock bulls, $2.50@3.50; choice feed-

ing steers, 800 to 1,000, $4.50@4.75; fair

(10., 800 to 1,000, $3.75@4; choice stockers,

500 to 700, $3.50@3.75; fair (30., 500 to 700,



3@3.25; stock heifers, $3@3.50; milkers,

'arge, young, medium age, $40@60; com-

mon milkers, $25@35.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

22 butchers av 660 at $4.25; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 5 canners av 830 at $2.50, 1 bull

weighing 1,160 at $4, 2 heifers av 600 at

$3, 5 cows av 908 at $2.40, 3 bulls av 1,003

at $3.60; to Bresnahan 10 canners av 890

at $2.50; to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing

1,380 at $4, 3 cows av 970 at $3.50, 2 heif-

ers av 800 at $4.25, 30 butchers av 587' at

$3.30, 2 do av 900 at $4, 5 cows av 970 at

$2.50; to Regan 4 heifers av 542 at $3.65;

to Rattkowsky 5 cows av 1,020 at $3.50;

to Bresnahan 3 do av 943 at $2.35; to

Dooley 4 feeders av 740 at $4.25, 10 do

av 863 at $4.50, 2 do av 780 at $4; to New—

ton B. Co. 10 butchers av 762 at $4, 3

cows av 1,093 at $3.25, 1 do weighing 1,140

at $4; to Kamman 16 butchers av 822 at

$3.35; to Regan 4 do av 600 at $3.65; to

Breitenbeck 8 cow-s av 1,016 at $3.50, 6

butchers av 885 at $4.50; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 9 cows av 1,023 at $3.50, 1 bull

weighing 670 at $3, 15 butchers av 625 at

$3.25, 17 do av 730 at $4; to Bresnahan 8

canners. av 915 at $2.35, 3 do av 770 at

$2.40, 8 do av 892 at $2.50, 4 do av 817 at

$2.40; to Goose, 9 cows av 941 at $3, 3 do

av 810' at $2.80; to Fromm 4 butchers av

715 at $4, 2 cows av 890 at $3.50, 5 bulls

av 640 at $3.25, 3 cows av 950 at $3.50,

17 butchers av 589 at $3.75; to Marx 2

do av 800 at $3.95; to Hammond, S. & Co.

1 steer weighing 1,000 at $5, 2 heifers av

760 at $3, 1 do weighing 740 at $4, 1 cow

weighing 1,100 at $2.50, 7 butchers av 680

at $3.70, 1 steer weighing 1,020 at $4.75,

1 steer weighing 820 at $3; to Bresnahan

4 canners av 1,005 at $3, 1 cow weighing

930 at $2.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 4 heifers

av 655 at $3.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3

canners av 883 at $2.50; to Regan 6

butchers av 511 at $3.35; to Sullivan P.

Co. 1 bull weighing 1,630 at $3.50, 3 butch-

ers av 783 at $3.35; to Newton B. Co. 6

cows av 876 at $3.25; to Fry 4 heifers av

712 at $4.25: to Angerer 23 stockers av

552 at $3.50; to Goodwin 5 butchers av

604 at $3, 7 cows av 877 at $3.25.



Spicer & R. sold Newton~B. Co. 30

butchers av 843 at $4.35; to Bresnahan

1 cow weighing 1,050 at $2.50, 4 do av 850

at $2.40, 1 do weighing 880 at $2.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 30 butchers av 872 at $4.50;

to Lachait 16 do av 862 at $4.70, 1 steer

weighing 920 at $4.35; to Bresnahan 12

stockers av 573 at $3.35, 1 bull weighing

470 at $3; to Dooley 4 stockers av 640

at $3.90; to Goose 1 bull weighing 1,100

at $3.50, 4 cows av 730 at $3; to Bresna-

han 7 do av 991 at $2.40; to Pruckan 5

stockers av 650 at $3.65; to Goose 2 cows

av 1,085 at $3.25; to Marx 6 steers av 790

at $4.25; to Newton B. Co. 15 butchers av

976 at $4; to LaBoe 12 do av 956 at $4.50;.

to Breitenbeck 36 steers av 957 at $4.90.



Haley & M. sold Dooley 1 bull weighing

560 at $3.50; to Fry 1.6 butchers av 741 at

$4.20; to Mich. B. Co. 3 cows av 873 at

$3.50, 13 butchers av 800 at $4.25; to Goose

3 heifers av 550 at $3.40; to Applebaum

2 cows av 1.010 at $3.25, 4 butchers av

605 at $3.40; to Hammond, S. & Co. 10 do

av 629 at $3.60: to Rattkowsky 5 cows av

1,074 at $3.55, 2 bulls av 650 at $3.25.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 8 butchers av

750 at $4, 6 steers av 970 at $5; to Rosen-

ham 4 cows av 1,030 at $3.25; to McDon--

aid 4 do av 1,132 at $3.50; to Lowenstein

5 do av 1,058 at $3.40.



McHugh sold Parker, W. & C0. 23

steers av 1,035 at $5.50.





Veal Calves.





Receipts, 572. Market dull

higher than last week. Best,

others, $3.50@7.50; milch cows

springers steady.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 4 av

155 at $8.25, 6 av 165 at $8.25, 2 av 190

at $8.75; to Parker. W. & Co. 1 weighing

230 at $5, 7 av 145 at $8, 4 av 250 at $4,

1 av 150 at $8.25, 1 weighing 140 at $6.50,

2 av 160 at $8.50, 2 av 250 at $4, 1 Weigh—

ing 150 at $8.50; to Mich. R. Co. 10 av

150 at $8.25, 7 av 145 at $7.75; to Parker,

W. & Co. 14 av 150 at $8.25; to Sullivan

P. Co. 15 av 145 at $7.75; to Burnstine 5

av 155 at $8.75, 2 av 230 at $5; to New-

ton B. Co. 22 av 150 at $8; to Mich. B.

Co. 16 av 145 at $7.50.



Spi’cer & R. sold Mich. R. Co. 6 av 165

at $8.75, 6 av 155 at $8.50, 2 av 145 at

$8.50; to Burnstine 5 av 150 at $7.



Haley & M. sold Prowtowsky 13 av 300

at $3.75, 5 av 155 at $8, 2 av 150 at $8,

4 av 200 at $4, 7 av 150 at $8.50; to Burn-

stine. 7 av 150 at $8.50. 7 av 135 at $8.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 21 av 150 at





and 250

$8@8.75:

and





$7.85. i

Adams sold’Newton B. Co. 2 av 160 at

8 .





 





   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 6,301. Market 10@15c lower

than last week; common sheep selling





very low. Best lambs, $5.40; fair lambs,

$5@5.25; light to common lambs, $3.75@

4.75; fair to good'sheep, $2.50@3.50; culls

and common, $1@2.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 70

lambs av 72 at $5.15, 60 do av 60 at $5;

to Breitenbeck 38 sheep av 75 at $3.25;

to Newton B. Co. 33 do av 70 at $3.50.



Barnard sold Nagle P. Co. 24 sheep av

110 at $3, 61. lambs av 79 at $5.



McHugh sold same .82 lambs av 75 at

$5.50, 22 sheep av 88 at $3.50.



Spicer & R. sold Browu 37 feeders av

55 at $4.60; to Applebaum 12 lambs av

55 at $4.25; to Newton B. Co. 10 do av 55

at $4, 6 do av 75 at $4, 59 do av 78 at $5:

to Nagle. P. Co. 72 do av 75 at $5.50, 85

do av 70 at $5.25, 26 do av 75 at $4.50, 7

sheep av 100 at $2.50; to Hertler 66 feed—

ers av 60 at $4.75, 14 do av 50 at $4.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 25 sheep av 82 at $2.85; to

Youngs 68 lambs av 80 at $4.75; to Mich.

B. Co. 12 sheep av 100 at $2.85, 123

lambs av 75 at $5.35.



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 10 lambs

av 55 at $4, 6 do av 73 at $4, 59 do av 80

at $5; to Barlage 50 sheep av 110 at $3,

15 lambs av 50 at $4, 40 do av 70 at $5.



Stephens sold Mich. B. Co. 25 lambs av

60 at $5, 54 do av 110 at $3, 10 do av 85

at $2.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 4

sheep av 100 at $3, 10 do av 130 at $3,

9 do av 120 at $3, 8 lambs av 68 at $5.25,

24 do av 65 at $5, 7 sheep av 105 at $3.25,

8 do av 110 at $3.25. 35 do av 100 at $3.35,

10 do av 95 at $2.50; to Parker, W.

Co. 152 lambs av 65 at $5.25; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co 7 sheep av 67 at $1.50, 23

do av 85 at $2.50, 39 lambs av 80 at $5.50,

6 sheep av 2110 at $3, 18 do av 105 at $3,

67 lambs av 80 at $5.40, 15 do av 75 at

$5.40; to Nagle P. Co. 125 do av 70 at

$5.10, 89 do av 70 at $5.25, 82 do av 75

at $5.10; to Sullivan P. Co. 108 do av 47

at $3.50, 21 sheep av 80 at $1, 9 do av 100

at $1.50; to Hayes 43 lambs av 72 at $4.50;

to Brown 46 feeders av 48 at $4.25; to

Thompson Bros. 10 sheep av 87 at $1.50.

26 lambs av 53 at $3.50; to Breitenbeck 58

lambs av 73 at $5; to Thompson Bros. 47

do av 65 at $4.75; to Nagle P. Co. 408 do

av 78 at $5.40; to Sullivan P. Co. 11 do av

60 at $4.25, 24 do av 70 at $5.25; to Esch-

rich 48 do av 55 at $4; to Fitzpatrick

Bros. 43 sheep av 100 at $31234, 25 do av

100 at $3, 32 lambs av 80 at $5.25, 35

Sheep av 95 at $3.



Hogs.

Receipts, 7,802. Market 35@40c lower

than last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6606.30; pigs, $5@5.40; light yorkers,

$6@6.30.



Bishop B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 2,140 av 200 at $6.30, 1,530 av 170 at

£3.25, 310 av 150 at $6.10, 890 av 170 at



.20.



Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 710

av 200 at $6.30, 150 av 170 at $6.25.



Haley & M. Sold same 750 av 190 at

$6.30, 210 av 170 at $6.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 250

av 210 at $6.30, 180 av 180 at $6.25.



Spicer & R. sold same 170 av 200 at

$6.30, 150 av 170 at $6.25.





.—





 





The export demand for cattle has fallen

to extremely small proportions for some

weeks past, prices being above an export—

ing basis. In recent weeks exporters have

been buying plenty of Canadian cattle at

prices as much as 25c per 100 lbs. under

the prices current in the Chicago market.





I I

I

For Sale. Ilebulli Machinery

25 R. Huber Contnotor‘sengine: 20 H. Pitts traction

engine: 5) H. Reeves double; 18H. Gut-Scott: 18 H.

Pt, Huron; 18 H. Pitts; 18 H. Russell; 16 H. J. I. Case;

16 H. Advance; 18 H. Aultmant'l‘aylor: 16 H. Pt.Huron:

l3 H. Pitts: 30 Advance threeher with common

carrier; 4-roll McCormick com husker: 6-roll Mc-

Cormick; 8-roll McCormick: 8-roll Milwaukee: 8-roll

Advance; Ill-roll Kern King; 14:18 full circle Geo.

Ertel hay press: 17:22 full circle Bouthwick baling

press; a) H. Fairbanks-Morse gasoline engine: 23 H.

Marvin engine; 16 H. portable Van Dnsen gasoline

engine; 17 H. Hart-Parr gas tractor. and many othen.

Write us fordescription and prices.

THE BANTINO MACHINE CO..

114-118 Superior St. Toledo. Ohio





FOR SALE





Grain and Bean Elevator.





Also one Flour Mill.

Both located in splendid territory.

Owners want to sell. Prices right.

Write for particulars.

Michigan Farmers Elevator 00.,

Detroit. .lohlgan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





i l i l

1 0,. u! 1!

Low Prices lor this Handsome Fence





100 other styles. Many cheaper than wood—ell better. For Lawns,

Churches, Parks, etc. Write for pattern book and special ofi‘er.

THE WARD EEICE 00.. lo: .48. DECATUR. IND.





We Wanl HAY&. STRAW





' We get the top price on Consignments. make

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiIrey’s Sons Co.





leBURG. PA.

Manon Washington Trust Company, or nnybenk Incl”





3M“?'i’TIIAPPERS





We pay HIGHEST IAIIKEI PRICES f ll



skins because we use them for mood-nafnc‘tlgifa?

Sell finished article direct to public—you get

middleman 'o profit. Write/or special Price List.





A. E. BURKHARDT





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





JFIIII





lain st. cor. 30, Cincinnati, 0.





Let Us Tell You How. g,

This Great Work Saver 1|





 





 

 

 





t-C—-





‘

‘





Makes Big Money





Just send your name and address on a postal now for .l i l

big free book that tells all facts and figures about the/

labor-saving, time-saving, money-making advantages of

the modern way of keeping barns and yards clean.

how hundreds of other progressive farmers are cutting

out the drudgery of barn cleaning by using the





Great Western





It doubles the value of the manure. It makes clean barns. Clean barns mean

pure az‘r. Pure air means healthy stock, purer milk and cream, and better, sweeter

It means comparative freedom from bovine tuberculosis,





and higher priced butter.





mange, canker. thrush, grease heel and scratches.

monia means freedom from Weak and sore eyes. ..

advantages of owning a Great Western Manure Carrier. Write for big. Free Book J ."





Address HOOK MUD PLOW 00.,





Or any of our Branch Houses





Minneapolis, Minn: Sioux Falls, So. Dakota;





Indianapolis. Ind;





   





Oklahoma City. Oklm:





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Read





Manure

Garner





Freedom from the escaping am-

Let us tell you more about these





Rock Island, llllnolo.





Omaha, Neh.: Kansas City. Mo.





. 08.8.





 





 





New Way





Have you a farm that you want to sell. or ex-

change for city property or farm property in some

other locality?





My Charge





is only one dollar when you send in description

of property. No other charge. (live fulldescrip-

tion. anything that would interest prospective

buyer . My plan is to bring owner and buyer or

owners directly together.



200 acre Indiana farm for 300 or more acres in

Ohio or Mich. Must be well located. Will pay

cash difference.





“FARMER” BOWLES





7 Baldwin Block

INDIANAPOLIS - INDIANA





 





 

 





 





llllt‘ll? ,I=l~:ll:l ' 2- " -,

."'!l '2 .'r Lil” - _

intuiutz-LLW .



0. ~I .2 2: r 2 . us



a“ sw THE IDEAL

lies in the wide territory traversed by the Southern Ry.



System. From the high lands of the Appalachians, with



then dry. healthy dimm. to the Piedmont section with its



heavy yielding lunch, on to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

ere every my I}: river-somewhere in this broad territory



you (an find (plan jun mind to your malt and moan.



LandTperIces range from $15 to 850 per

acre. first year's crop often more then returns

the purchase plice.



All grasses, grains, fruit: and vegetables known to the

temperate zone thrive in the Southeast. Alfalfa grows

nearly everywhere—4 to 6 tons per acre not uncom-

mon—$I 5 to $22 per ton paid locally. Apple orchards

net $I00 to $500 an acre. Truck gardening yields

$2 to $400 per acre—everything else in proportion.



The Southeast is the farmer’s paradise.



. We have booklets giving full information of conditions



In each Southeastern State. Address



M. V. RICHARDS. Land & Industrial Agt.

. Southern Railway, Room 62



Washington. D. C.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





——Farm 160 acres; 150 acres cleared. all

For Rel“ good land. Fine large bulldi well

fenced 1% miles from two R Stations. or

mail and telephone lines. Cash rent 3230.00”: year.

Address ROBT. J. HARRIS, Reed City. Mich.





FARMS WANTEn—We have diriict. bun‘tgfinw

oribing property, naminglgwogs?m;isge?mWe 1.3 but;





erelocate desirable pro rty FR . American nveet-

ment Association, 3 P ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn





FIRMS lii0 mm Linus:

run SALE on ExcHIIsE f





OUR CO-OPERATIVE LIST quotes owner's price

for select FARMS all over Southern Michigan.

The Ypsilanti Agency 00.. Inc.. Ypsilanti, Mich.





IRGINIA FARM, 290Acres. Price $2,750.00; 7-room

dwelling. fishery, stable. 2 burns, etc. Station

2 “miles. . value. Joe Eggleston, Amelia. Va.





 





 





 





 





in Oceans, greatest fruit Co. in U. B.

"030" Fan“: also grain. ioiatoefl. alfalfa, dairying.

Write for list, ete. HAN ()N (It SON. Hart, Mich.





cEIInAL MicH.31:12:52.1.25235224;222.222.22.52

. . . . In (its to suit

FARMS 2”.th 3132:5232:





' —Choico Farm, Stock & Fruit Lands

MICh- Lands in Gludwin and ('lure Counties. We

have 20,000 acres of fine unimproved lands, also

some Improved farms. Write us for maps and folders.



A. J. STEVENS & CO.,Gladen, Michigan.





FOR AN INVESTMENT Ii taken before In. 15





70 ACRES, North of Detroit, 1% miles Woodward

Ave. pavement. 50 acres tillable. macros good tim~

ber. $150 per acre; $7000 cash; balance time.



M. J. CARLEY. Royal Oak. Michigan.





WE SELL FARMS in BARRY, EATON





Thand Ingham Counties, Michigan



0 most productive and best ' d f ’

_ SOUTHERN MICIIILIIGLKON? arms m

Write for booklet and our new farm list No. 7.





BUCKLES 8| MATTHEWS. Eaton Rapids, Mich





when you can buy



the Best Land in



shaligohiilazn at from



an acre



near Saginaw and Bay City. Write t .

tioulan. Clear title and easy'terms.°r8xtgmlidn%:o‘ei





(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg . Saginaw. W. 8. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





From VIRGINIA‘S Peanut

Fields, thru the CAROLINA‘S

rich trucking country, across

the Melon and Cot-

ton iands ofGEOK.

GIA, into the Fertile

section of ALABA-

MA, to the Orange

Groves of

FLORIDA.

Via 8. AL.

Ry.





Climate

Ideal. Wa-

terplentilul,close

to big matkets,

quick transportation.



The Southern States

supply the largest pan

of the Fruits and

Vegetables for the

North and East. You

can secure indepen-

dence on a 10 acre

farm. Land $10 per

acre and up.





I. A. Pride. Gel. ill. AIL.

Seaboard Air Line Ry.

Suite 623 Noriolk,Va.





 





2 to 3 crops a

year in Manatee

County on the

West Coast of

Florida,nct $500

to $1000 per acre.

Write at once

for free booklet.





MICHIGAN FARMS IN BARRY m

. . EATON COUNTIES.



Good stock, grain, fruit and general purpose farms“

food markets, water, roads and schools. Write for

res lut No. .9. BISHOP ck CROOK. Hastings. Mich,





FLflHIDA IEdARN'IIOIIV ’1‘0i Big! farm

an ear Win or omen n t SKINNY

SOUTH for a fraction of nesual cost.





M. J. CARLBY. ROYAL OAK. MICHIGAN.





Minnesota, FREE ZOO-Page Book.





Compiled by state, accurate information about

prices of lands in, and products of each county.





2,000,000 Acres Homestead Lands.





Address State Board of Immigration,

Room 502 State Capital, St. Paul, Minn.





Homeseekers-Aiieniion





The territory traversed by the Nashvill



tanooga & St. Louis Railway is rich in (flaggfatl

resources, and Its climatic conditions and the

fertility of Its 9011 offer unexcelled opportunities

for the profitable production of grains. grasses

live stock and truck crops. Fertile and attract:

Ive_ farm lands may be had at very low prices.

Write me at once for Iroo descriptive literature.

I. F. Smith, Traffic lansger. Dept. P, Nashville, Tenn.





 





 





 





 





FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN





’ The Nation’s

Garden Spot-





'I'IIA'I‘ GREAT I'lllll'l' AND TRUCK

GROWING SECTION—

alo n g the





Atlantic Coast Line

RAILROAD (





In Virginia, North and South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to





l





 





WILBUR MCCOY E.N.CLARK,

22.222.222.322“ 22.22.222.222...“ku

3.

Jacksonville, ’ Wilmington, H. 0:





 





 





 





 





Clover Seed Wanted “32523.73





 





Be (1 m lo. state nantit and we will if .

wé’paV-n'eight. A. .110 MAN. Bsmford, 3225']





 





Literature will be sentto any one in-



FREE terested in the wonderful Sacra-

. mento Valley, the richest valley in



the world. Unlimited opportunities. Thousands

of acres available at right prices. The place for

the man wanting a home in the finest climate on

earth. No lands for sale; organized to five reliable





information. Sacramento ' l

22 Ball ornIa





Valley Development

socIatIon. SACRAMENTO.

Grain and Dairy Farm.

0 1 1500 Acres $8500.00



n y per acre with first-class i -

story, 7-room house. eluted. with oelfiigrgvggggtzng

(Cl-shaped) 38x40x x48; granary; ice house: bhild-



I ppm-l 1““;th water supply from Artesion

we I, an isri can with clay sub-soil; fenced with

afiven wire: fruit for home use and some for market;



cords wood; only 1 mile to railroad station. Ad-

vanced age of owuer is reason for ceilings hence the



8





low price of n y cash, term suit pur-



. .Fuli description and location of this tremen-

dous Mich bargain on page 40. "Big Fertile

1' Act at on u want a





P! free. 00 if yo

KOIQY‘MAROI'. E. A. STROUT, Station 101. Old

Colony Bldg, Chicago.





 





Please mention the Michigan Former when





 





ertlill to advertisers.
r- ‘\





 





a [Million Dollars Profit





It costs us one million dollars a year to put into “BALL-BAND" Rubber Footwear

the additional quality which you get in the longest wear and the utmost

comfort and satisfaction.



We could withhold this mllhon dollars of value—add it

to our profits—and purchasers would not know the

difierence until the goods began to wear out.



For rubber footwear in the store looks pretty much

alike. Only an expert can tell the real quality.



50 when you buy rubber footwear you have to take

it on its record of wear, and faith 1n the manufac-

turer. That is just what more than eight million

wearers of “BALL-BAND” do.



Many of these millions have worn “BALL-BAND"

for years. It is to these that we refer you. Doubtless

your friends and neighbors are among them.



Let them tell you how much it pays to insist on the

footwear with the RED BALL trade- mark. You



find this trade-mark on every article of ‘BALL-BAND"





footwear. Be careful to look for it.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





The business of the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing

Company originated in the manufacture of All-Knit Wool

Boots and Socks, which the Company continues. As the

business grew, the Company could neither obtain the quan-

tity nor the quality of rubber goods which had to be sup-



plied with its woolen footwear.



The company therefore went into the manu-

facture of its own rubber footwear.





There was large competition then, as

there is now.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





0 supply the demands of more than



eight million people who wear



“BALL-BAND” Rubber and Woolen

Footwear, required in 1910:





1,252 carloads of raw material, supplies,

etc. This material, it put into one contin-

uous train, forming a hollow square, would

enclose more than 3,600 acres with a solid

Wall of fully loaded freight cars.





In 1910 we shipped to “BALL-BAND”

dealers 1,030 carloads of finished footwear

aggregating over $10,500,000 in value. The.

shipments would make a train xsimilar‘to

the above, solidly enclosing 2,500 acres-





Placed toe to heel in a straight line, the

footwear would make a dry walk of over

3,300 miles, or from New York to San Fran-





We realized that to succeed

with rubber footWear we must

make our product a little bit ,

better than the best rubber

footwear on the market 4“ A DE

--and keep on

making it bet-

cisco, with a long stroll down the coast in ten

addition.





It required 5,000,000 square yards of " - -'

sheetings, cotton duck, cashmerette, wool -'~ :-

linings, etc., to make these goods—enough , '

cloth to cover 1,033 acres completely. 5-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

 





We spun one and a quarter billion yards

of yarn for knit boots, lumbermen’s sox,

etc. ——almost enough to form three strands

from the earth to the moon.





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





A'A F! T In all the

years this com-



any has not, nor

willpit ever cheapen





 

 

 

 





to meet competition.



This is the explanation of the wide-

spread confidence in “BALL-BAND."

This is why it is worth your while to look for

the RED BALL sign when you go to buy rub-

ber footwear.



The extra quality that our sacrifice of a million dol-

lars pays for has created a demand for more than ten





million dollars’ worth of “BALL-BAND” Rubber and





Woolen Footwear every year.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Forty-five thousand dealers in all parts of the country

sell “BALL-BAND” goods.



Many of these dealers display these signs in their

windows or store fronts for your guidance.





Whether you see the sign or not, you are

sure to find the RED BALL trade- mark





on all “BALL-BAND” goods.





I f y o u r

dealercan-

not sup-

Ply yoiu,

wr1te

u s,

men-

tion-

inghis

name,

and

we’llsee

that you are

fitted.(58





‘== EWHSHAWAKA WOOLEN MFG. CO., Mishawaka, Ind.





“The Home That Pay: Millions for Quality”





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Irom Our Sacrifice





 

   





 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





the quality of its goods