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550 (2) , ’

FARM NOTES.

 

g Alfalfa Questions.

Having top-dressed one acre of ground
that was thoroughly cultivated to pota—
toes this season. on which I applied 19
loads of barnyard manure and wishing
to sow to alfalfa, which would be best, to
disk and harrow and sow the first of
June, or sow to oats and Canada field
peas for hay then disk and harrow after
cutting the hay and sow the first of Au-
gust? Soil is one-third sand and three-
fourths clay loam, well drained, lying
quite high. Where can I get a good
ground lime by the car load, the cheapest
for our shipping station?

Allegan do. F. L.

All factors considered, a stand of al-
falfa would be probably more certain if
the field were disked early, worked Well
until June as suggested, and the alfalfa
sown without a nurse crop. In a normal
season the alfalfa seeded after oats and
peas cut for hay would get sufficient
growth before winter to make it fairly
certain to live through, if the weather
were at all favorable. But the difficulty
is, no one can tell when a midsummer
drouth will come, and where such a
drouth prevails as visited us last sum—
mer, there would not be suffiient moisture
to insure the germination of the alfalfa
seed and the quick growth of the plants.

As experience in growing alfalfa ac-
cumulates in this state, more farmers are
becoming of the opinion that it is better
to sow it' early in the spring with a nurse
crop, using a light seeding of oats or
barley. If the oats or beardless barley
are sown this nurse crop can be cut for
hay, after it has served its purpose in
keeping the weeds in check, or, under
favorable weather conditions, it can be
harvested as a. grain crop without dan-
ger of material injury to the stand of
alfalfa.

This soil should be well adapted to al-
falfa, but the addition of lime as is evi-
dently proposed, is a proper precaution,
since it has been demonstrated that lime
is needed on many Michigan soils for
the success of the alfalfa crop. The soil
should also be inoculated to insure the
presence of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria
peculiar to the alfalfa plant, and without
which it will not thrive, even on a fertile
soil. Agricultural lime will be found ad-
vertised in season in the Michigan Farm-

er by a number of firms from whom
prices and freight rates can be secured
upon application.
A Poor Stand of Grain.

My wheat was quite smutty the past
harvest. but I used some of it for seed
this fall. I dipped it in a solution of
formaldehyde, double the strength given
in the directions, and soaked it for 20
minutes and dried it with lime and sowed
it on land that has not raised wheat for
10 years. Can I expect my next crop to
be free from smut? I am grinding the
Wheat and feeding it. Will the smut in
the manure from grain and straw affect
future crops? If so, how can I prevent it.

Sanilac Co. L. S.

It is difficult for one to express an opin-

ion with regard to the trouble with this
grain without more knowledge of the
facts. The season has been a very bad
one for fall sown grain, the ground hav-
ing been so exceedingly wet as to have
the effect of drowning out the grain. In
the writer’s opinion this grain is most
likely to have decayed or rotted off next
the kernel than to have been eaten off,
on account of the exceedingly wet weath-
or which kept the ground saturated and
excluded the air from the growing plants.
Regardless of the cause, however, if the
stand is poor, the only thing to do will
be to plow it up as suggested and put to
some other crop, and it cannot be de-
termined until spring whether this will
be advisable or not.
Grasses for Permanent Pasture.

Vl'hat would be the best kind of grass
to sow in an orchard, to make permanent
pasture? I have about five acres of or-
chard, now in corn stubble, that I would
like to have for pasture. The land was
heavy timbered, a part of the field is
heavy soil. and part of it on the sandy
order, all high grOund.

Lenawee Co. , H. H. P.

Undoubtedly the most valuable perma-
nent pasture grass for upland pasture is
June grass or blue grass, since it en-
dures better than any of the other avail-
able grasses. In a great many localities
it is not necessary to sow this grass as
it will run in on good land as the other
grasses get thinner. A good mixture for
permanent pasture on fairly fertile land
of the kind described would be June clo-
ver, alsike clover, timothy and orchard
grass with possibly a little white clover
seed if that is not common in the pas-
tures of this section.

Other grasses advised by good author-
ities are Russian brome grass, redtop,
meadow fescue and tail oat grass. If,
however. the June grass is inclined to es-
tablish itself within a few years a mix-
ture of the grasses above advised, sown

Controlling Wheat Smut.

I have some wheat and rye that was goes into a fight and figures on getting
sown late and had only nicely gotten up whipped, he will always get it, or vice
before the freeze-up. ,
over these fields where the grain is dead, *
it apparently having been cut 01" under It has been my experience that it is
It 13 8° foolish for us to stand around and wait

There are spots

the ground close to the grain.

bad that I think it will have to be lowed
Any information through thepMich- for unseen things to happen. I know of

igan Farmer will be appreciated.
C.

 

SAVING TIME AND LABOR ON THE

It is said that he who tilleth the soil
to a profit must “hold the plow or drive."
There is an endless amount of truth in
I wonder if' all the readers
of this valuable journal have ever thought
of lessening their expenses, in doing their
required work on their farms.
money, and unless we try and save time
and expense we are liable to work the
greater part of our lives for naught.
know of hundreds of men who are finan-
same as they were ten years
agowand still they work day in and day
There is truly some-
thing wrong. Some claim that it costs all
they make to support large families. This
is a mighty poor excuse,
people who have a dozen children,
they prosper nicely.
and poverty stares them in the face.
ery man is working (or should be) for the
Some may claim that
they work for their health, but this is
Money is an absolute neces-
sity and we must be able to get it in
some honorable way.
supposed to be blamed for what he don't
know or how he has been brought up,
but when he reaches his majority he
should have his eyes wide open to grasp
any opportunity that may be of value to
in future life and try and elevate
himself to the highest possible standard
no matter whether it be in the interests
of agriculture or anything else.

Of course, practical experience is the
very best teacher and usually is quite
expensive, although we can learn much
from those around us,
those who have made a success in life.
I am a western man and was taught the
western methods of farming.
acquired much knowledge in doing farm
Work on a large scale that did I not
now know I would be practically swamp-
ed on this big farm. My letters to this
may sound a little
many Michigan farmers,
those who have not been outside of their
immediate locality, but I can back up ev-
ery statement I make with facts and fig-

Time is

\Vhy is this?

as I know of
yet

Others have none, _
Ev- your ground must be In excellent shape

“almighty dollar.”

A man is not

especially from

not work here.

save time and labor.

ods of farming there.

have had in Michigan.

own business best.

be impossible for another.

a saving every year he is

_,e

THE . MICHIGAN FARME’R."
liberally. should prove as satisfactory as had my share, but it is useless to set
a mixture containing a larger number of discouraged. If the sun don’tshine today

it will tomorrow,_ and we will surely win
the victory if we forge ahead. If a man

versa.

many men who could have been worth a
comfortable fortune today had they but

In the use 01' 3 formula Of this kind. had a little nerve and resolution. But
it is much better to follow the directions they were always waiting for panics or
laid down as a result of successful ex- the tail of some comet to swipe every-
In the writer’s opinion, the de- thing out of existence. Do not cross a
struction of smut spores would be much bridge until you get to It. Roll up your
'more certain had the ordinary strength sleeves and get to work and you will be
of the solution been used and allowed a greatly surprised what you can accomp-
longer time before drying the wheat, 31- Ash.
though this treatment may be entirely Many ideas have come to my notice
There is little danger of per- since I came to Michigan nine years agO.
petuafins the fungus by the feeding 01‘ with which I was not familiar that have
use of smutted grain or straw where 8. been amusing to me. I am a crank 0n
crop rotation of ordinary length is em- improvements about the farm to saVe
ployed, the smut spores have been known time and labor, especially in the line of
to “V6 in the ground 1'0? as long as two farm machinery, and I never stop at the
years, hilt in the ordinary 0’09 rotation expense, if I am convinced that it is a
frequently money saver. I have over $1,000 invested
enough to make any considerable 1033 in the latest improved farm machines.
probable from this cause.

My first years, or year especially, in
farming here in 'Michigan, was very slow
and discouraging. I often thought of
what my friends had told me, "that I
was very foolish to plant myself down in
the sands of Michigan.” But I came here
with the determination of staying and it.
was “root hog or die" with me. But
some of the wise people who have pre-
dicted Washburne’s failure are hauling in
their horns and it’s my turn to laugh
now, as those “who laugh last laugh
best."

I When I was ready to plant my com the
first year I came here I went to my local
dealer and wanted to buy a horse plant-
er, but to my surprise he told me that he
never saw one and that they were not
used here at all. As he was rather a
smooth talker he convinced me that I
could get along with a hand planter (or
a stabber, as I called it). Of course, in
planting with this “famous” machine

and be marked both ways. As I had no
marker, (in fact never saw one), I bor-
rowed’ my neighbor’s and as there was
occasionally a stump in the row it did
not take me long to smash this marker.
I held my temper fairly well and after
a day or two I was done marking 16 acres
and was ready to start planting. The
dealer had told me that I could plant six
to ten acres per day, but when night
came I had only about three acres plant-
ed and was as tired as a "government
mule." I shall never forget how I felt
going up and down those rows in that
field of solitude, humping along with that
thing they called a corn planter. After
I had faithfully worked about six days
I had finished the job and was con—
gratulating myself on the fact. when
along came a Michigander and asked me
if my corn was all covered. I told him

I have of course. I was through planting and it

certainly must be covered. This aroused
my curiosity and I went out to that field
the next day and to my surprise (and
sorrow), nearly half of that corn was on
to top of the ground. Then I cut loose and
to I think I used some sort of an adjective
every time I stepped in going to the
house after the hoe. Well, in a few days
more I had it covered—all but what the
crows got, and that was the end of my

I have been told by dozens of Michigan efforts in using a hand corn planter, as
farmers that the western methods will
But I can prove the fact row planter which I had been accustomed
that they will, and that there is an end- to using all my life and, strange to say,
useless work done here my neighbors used to come and almost
lack of knowledge of how to pray for me to plant their corn after they
I am in love with saw how nicely it would do the work. I
this state and the great advantages it can plant 15 to 25 acres per day—do it
affords, but I am very thankful that I 933113’ and better than you can by hand.
grew up in Illinois and learned the meth- MY advice to all Michigan farmers is to
New, as 1 under- have one of these machine planters, which
stand them thoroughly I will try to ex- W1" save them time and money.
plain in the columns of this paper how I In the western states the grain is all
manage my work and what success I delivered to market loose in tight wagon
I do boxes. The elevators there are all equip-
not want any of our farmers here to bed with self—dumps and when you drive
think that I am trying to dictate their in with your load of grain you can unload
as we all ought to know our a hundred bushels, or all you can haul,
Of course, conditions in five minutes. When' I came here I
and circumstances haVe much to do with brought with me a western wagon box
our welfare, and What we can do might which has a capacity of nearly 100 bush-
As for mYSeif els of wheat, oats or shelled corn. This
I am hobbling over the clods to make was quite a curiosity here, especially to
every dollar I can and though my meth- see me load it full of grain and haul it to
ods may be criticized I “get there just market. But I can honestly say that the
the same," and generally get the “(101- farmers here are fooling away all kinds
I am frank to say that if a farmer of time and very hard work by bagging
can not manage his farm so as to make up all their grain. You can get a double
poor man- box for much less than you can 100 bags
ager and something is wrong. We are all and the rats will not chew this up either.
apt to suffer losses and I, for one, have There is nothing harder on a man’s back

the next season I bought a new check

    

 

 

DEC. 23, 1911.’ '

than to, handle these heavy bags of grain.
Many of the bins that you have here
are elevated enough so as to let the grain
run directly in the wagon box by making
some sort of a chute. Even though you
have to shovel it from the level you can
do it much easier and quicker than to
bag it up and then lift the bags onto
the wagon. The farmers never bag any-
thing in the west, unless they have an
over supply of cats and want to divide up
with their neighbors and they generally
do this after dark. I have a bin in one
of the barns here that holds about 2,000
bushels. When I was ready to haul my
wheat last year I connected a chute to
this bin and could fill my big box with
90 bushels of wheat in a few minutes. I
usually made two trips per day and de-
livered 180 bushels about five miles. I
could shovel off my load much quicker
at the elevator than you could dump
the bags, and much easier.

As the principal crop in Illinois is com
and I have had a wide experience in pro-

ducing same, in my next letter I will ‘

describe how it is possible for one man
to produce, harvest and feed 100 acres
of corn.
Washtenaw Co. B. F. WASHBURNE.
A GREAT DEAL 0F “KING CORN” ls
RAISED AT A LOSS.

 

From what I have seen in our own
neighborhood, and in my autumnal travels
in the eastern, and middle states, I have
observed that com is raised on all the
farms, and on half of them, evidently at
a loss. I have seen many fields that
I would not have husked if given all the
ears for husking.

On the alluvial'flats along the rivers
and creeks, as good corn is raised as can
be produced anywhere, but back from
these, on the bills, the soil is thinner and
colder, and unless “the land is well ma-
nured, corn gives but a poor yield of
grain or stalks, and it takes just as
much labor to raise an acre of poor corn
as an acre of good. On thousands of
farms in the United States, corn, instead
of being ”king,” is the boss pauper.

The average production of corn per
acre in the United States for the last ten
years, was 25 bushels per acre.‘ As many
farmers raise 40 and 50 bushels per acre.
it is plain to be seen that many others
(more than half), do not raise more than
12 or 15. The average value‘ of corn per
acre in the United States for the last ten
years was $12.

The average farm value of wheat per
acre in the United States during the last
ten years was $10.87. The difference in
value per acre between corn and wheat,
on a ten—year average, was only $1.13,
which would not begin to pay for the
extra labor that must be given to the cul-
tivation of corn and is not required for
the wheat. It costs just as much to pre-
pare the ground for corn, as for wheat.
It costs as much to plant the corn, as to
drill the wheat when planted by a ma-
chine ,and if planted. by hand consider-
ably more. It costs as much to cut up
the corn with a machine as to cut the
wheat with a reaper. and a good deal
more when out by hand, as is generally
practiced. It costs more to husk and
shell corn than to thresh wheat. It costs
a little less for seed corn than for seed
wheat; but think of the cost of three,
four or five cultivations that must be
given to the corn, whereas the wheat re-
quires none.

It may be said that if many farmers
were raising corn at a loss, they would
be apt to find it out as quickly as any—
body, and abandon the practice. The
answer is, some farmers do not keep ac-
counts with their crops, and others do
not seem to value their own time as
worth anything unless they happen to
work for somebody else. They continue
to raise corn because it is an excellent.
food for man and beast. Corn is in their
rotation, and if they suspect that com
does not pay, they think the other crops
in their course will make up for the loss.

Corn. to be profitable, must have a.
rich soil, or an abundance of manure, a
warm climate and a good yielding va-
riety or “pure-bred” seed. It is a hearty
feeder, and delights in heat.

Much has been recently written by
Prof. Holden and others about “corn
breeding,” and no doubt they have im-
proved their seed for making larger
yields. The writer did something in the
same line years ago, in making the same
variety earlier. and increasing the yield.
It was made earlier by selecting the ears
for seed that ripened first in the fall. He
increased the yield by selecting for seed
the best ear on stalks that produced two
good ears. ‘

Pennsylvania. J. W. INGHA‘K.

 

 

 

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551 (3)

CORN HUSKING AGAIN.

 

I have been very much interested in
the articles appearing in The Farmer on
hand and machine husking. The old say—
ing that “circumstances alter cases,”
may well apply to the subject, for there
are undoubtedly times and circumstances
when hand husking may be preferable to
the machine work, though I want to say
right here that I believe in machine
husking, and think it is not only better
under most conditions, but as cheap, or
cheaper, than husking by hand.

Three farmers here, two of them my
brothers, own a six-roll husker and a 12-
horse-power traction engine. They do
not do outside work, but husk their own
corn when it is in condition. It was
slow this year about getting in condition
to husk, and the ground in the field was
so soft it was difficult to get about on it
with a team, but it would have been just
as difficult to draw the corn fodder if it
had been husked by hand. The husking
here was done last week. Quite a bit
had been husked by hand as it was need-
ed for feeding, so there was about a
thousand bushels left, and it took nearly
two days, the small machine husking 500
to 600 bushels a day. The corn was cut
with a harvester, so was all bound, and
had it not been frozen to the ground
some one man in the field would have
been enough. As it was, two did the
pitching on the wagons. The haul was
about 80 to 120 rods and three teams did
the Work, and also drew the husked corn
to the crib. Two teams could have done
the work by changing from one wagon
to the other. The extra man in the field
made 10 men for the work, and they were
paid $1.25 to $1.50 per day.

A, G. C. speaks of paying men $2 per
day, which seems like a big price for the
short days at this season, especially when
he can get men to husk at three cents
per bushel. Farmers right here paid five
cents per bushel for husking this year,
the corn being thrown on the ground,
the stalks bound and set up over the pile
of corn. Some farmers paid four cents
a bushel, and the husker got his dinner
and supper in addition. There must have
been something wrong with the machine
which A. G. C. speaks of as husking 200
baskets of corn and 100 bushels of shelled
corn. There were 825 bushels of ears put
in the cribs here, and there is about 100
bushels of shelled corn, which is on the
barn floor, and will be fed out first. We
haven’t any fear of its spoiling. Again,
there is certainly more feeding value in
the shredded fodder than in the whole
stalk. Corn fodder which is not shred-
ded, unless it is a very small stalk varie-
ty, is not eaten closely by stock unless
forced to it by hunger. They eat the
leaves, husks and the small top part, and
reject the coarse stalk, and we all know
what a nuisance that stalk is in the ma-
nure, while with the shredded fodder
that left by the stock not only makes
a good absorbent but also works into the
manure all right. I cannot see how any
reasonable man could prefer to handle
the heavy bundles of stalks, and get them
in the mangers, to handling the shredded
fodder with a fork. The latter can be
handled not only easier but quicker. How
about storing 20 acres of unshredded corn
fodder in the barn? How many farmers
have room for it, and would A. G. C, like
the job of pitching the heavy bundles up
to the top of the barn? I know what
kind of work that is, I have tried it. If
there is not barn room the fodder must
be stacked, or left in the field in shocks
and drawn as it is needed. It’s lots of
fun to dig it out of the snow, or climb
up on a stack and pull the snowy, frozen
bundles loose, and take them to the
stock. The shredded fodder is all in the
barn, and the bay is full to the roof, and
it can be thrown right down in front of
the stock.

The machine charges three cents a
bushel for husking, which is cheaper than
it can be hired done by hand, and the
price includes the shredding of the {od—
der and blowing it into the bay. Now, if
the corn is husked by hand the husked
corn must be drawn, and the stalks also.
It requires men and teams to draw it,
whether hand or machine husking is
practiced. When the work is hired done
by hand, the corn is thrown on the
ground, and often lies there for several
days, absorbing moisture. The stalks are
put in shocks, and much of what was on
the inside of the shock before husking is
then exposed to the weather, often for
weeks, when the husking is done early.
With the machine the work is all done
in a. day or two, the corn and fodder go
right from the shocks to the crib and
barn, and is not exposed at all. It is all

in very

out of the way, and the farmer can go
about other things. If A. G. C., will add
up the time he spends husking by hand,
cribbing corn, hauling fodder, etc., and
charge it at $2 per day, he will find he
has spent quite a sum, and his fodder is
not in as good shape as it would be if he
had used a machine. I know people who
husk by hand, and later have the fodder
shredded, and do it year after year, be-

cause they are convinced that it pays to‘

shred, and would undoubtedly husk with

a machine if they could get it when

they wanted it.
Eaton Co.

.—

FAVORABLE EXPERIENCE WITH THE
POWER HUSKER.

In reply to A. G. C. on hand or power
husking, in your issue of December 9,
will say that his experience in power
husking must be very limited. I note
he says in husking 200 bushels of cars
there was 100 bushels of shelled corn.
Now that must have been very poor corn.
I have used the power husker more or
less for 12 years and would not go back
to hand husking if I could get it done for
nothing. In the first place, I consider the
fodder is worth enough more than the
whole stalks to pay the husking bill. I
have always hired my husking done until
three years ago, when myself and a
neighbor bought a small rig of our own,
and can say from long experience that I
haVe never had over 10 per cent of
shelled corn. We have a four-roll husker
and with seven men and two or three
teams, according to distance we have to
haul the. corn, I can put 400 bushels of
ears into the crib and the stover in the
barn in one day. That is what we call a

APOLLOS LONG.

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER.

   

passed away in farming and all methods
haVe become new, and farming must be
studied and all the short ends kept up
close in work and feed to succeed, as the
cost of producing is larger. As the prices
of lands increase an acre must produce
more, .so the old methods must pass out.

Shiawassee Co. GEO. BIGNALL.

' t t It

I am very glad to get this idea of G.
B.’s about shredding fodder. There is
some good ideas in it. Ordinarily, I don’t
believe that a farmer today can afford
to husk corn by hand. As a matter of
fact, it isn’t a question whether he can
afford it or not, because ordinarily you
can’t get: men to husk by hand anyway
and if you don't husk with a machine,
why you can’t get the husking done at
all. But, his idea is right about husking
early. Putting shredded corn fodder into
a mow is a good deal like putting clover
hay in. If it doesn’t contain any exter—
nal moisture you can put it in with quite
a little bit of the natural juice of the
plant and not have any material dam-
age. But if the corn is left out until
late in the fall and is saturated with
moisture, either snow or rain, and then
it is shredded and put in, look out! Part
of it will spoil.

COLON C. LILLJE.

HUSKING CORN.

 

 

Perhaps this question of husking corn
by hand or by power has been sufficiently
discussed. So far as my observation goes,
it is cheaper for the small or average
farmer to plant his corn by hand, cut it
up by hand, and husk it in the same
manner. The reason for this is because
he can do a large part of this work him-

 

 

 

 

Main Barn on the Farm of

fair day’s work. Have done better some
days, nearly up to the 500 mark.

As to seed corn, I have always saved
my seed from the machine husked corn
and at present have 10 bushels of cars
saved from machine that I doubt whether
A. G. C. could tell from his hand husked
corn. A. G. C. says he would like to see
one man tend to the blower and corn
from a power husker. ' One man always
has put my corn in the crib and looked
after the blower. All he has to do with
the blower is to keep the hood turned
in whatever direction he wants the fod-
der to go.

In A. G. C.’s article he says whole
stover is of more value than the shred-
ded. I would contradict that, for with
whole stover, it is as much work to clean
out mangers and carry out the refuse as
it is to feed the shredded stover, be-
sides the additional value for bedding,
and in my experience stock will eat it a
great deal closer than the whole stalks.
Every thing considered, I think there is a
big difference in favor of power husking.

Grand Traverse Co. G. W. A.

FAVORS NEW METHODS.

We take issue with the mode of hand
husking, especially such a catchy fall as
this, when the fodder is at stake. We
husked this fall with a machine and every
one predicted our fodder would rot, but
we are just opening it up now and it is
good shape. My experience of
five or six years is that if you salt well
when shredding and don’t tramp too much
you will be more scared than hurt about
the fodder keeping in the mow. But don’t
wait until it comes freezing weather.
Shred just as soon as the sap is out of
the fodder and you will have the most
value in your corn fodder and perhaps
avoid an attack of rheumatism in the fall
by not sitting out in the cold, and save
trying your temper in the winter and
spring by not having to pull cornstalks
off your fork tines. The old times have

 

H. Waltz, of Barry County.

self. \thrc a power husker is used the
cost for extra help and teams, makes
the job a rather expensive one, and if

the corn is not in the right condition the
shredded fodder is very apt to spoil, as I
have seen it do many times. This fall I
had nearly one thousand baskets of corn
and besides my own work, it cost me less
than $15 to get this corn husked and
cribbed and stalks drawn into the barn.
Had I hired a power husker to do this
work the cash outlay would havo been
more than double.

Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF' GOOD HIGH-
WAYS.

 

 

Bluch has been written, and more said,
about the present highway law and upon
the road situation in general. But still
our American highways remain 1,800,000
miles of bumps and holes with frequent
steep grades and long stretches of deep
sand. It is true there are a few miles of
good roads scattered hero and there, but
mostly between our large cities, oases
in the desert of our numerous trails. The
fact remains, however, that the. Ameri-
can highways have not kept pace with
the advance made in other means of
transportation. They are, if you please,
0f the stage-coach age. This is especi—
ally true of Michigan’s highways and
Michigan’s people are just beginning to
realize that the roads of Michigan are
not what they should be, and not as good
as those of borderng states. Already
various plans are being tried with great-
er or less success. But the object of this
article is not to discuss the respective
merits of various systems. Whether con-
vict labor should be used or other forms
of state and national assistance secured
for road construction; or the adsivabil-
ity of a higher highway tax; or a special
road tax upon automobiles, but rather
the object of this article is to suggest a
few points whereby the best results may
be obtained in. road construction and

  
  
 

DEC. 23, 1911.

maintenance with the money secured
from the present highway tax.

Although the management of the rural
roads has been shifted during the last
few years, yet the farmers still have a
large amount of influence in determining
the course to be pursued. It is only by
their co-operation with themselves and
the city good road men that the best and
most permanent results can be secured
with the present inadequate highway
fund.

One of the most important things in a
rolling country is the cutting down of
steep grades. Our fore-fathers have
climbed heavy grades only to shoot down
the opposite side and we are contented
to climb the same old hills in many in-
stances. If anything is tiresome, it is to
laboriously climb a steep pitch only to
have the horse start the descent before
the rear wheels reach the top. The rap-
idity that a force of half a dozen men
and four or five teams with wheel—scrap-
ers can move the dirt from the hill top
and dump it at its foot is surprising. By
dropping the dirt at the base of the hill
the grade is decreased twice as fast as
the hill is lowered. A few days’ Work on
many of our steep pitches with the ordi-
nary drag scraper, for hauls up to fifty
yards, will reduce them to nearly the
requirement of the state: highway law.
For longer hauls and up to 200 yards the
wheel scrapers are more economical. As
one of the first essentials of the building
of state. reward roads is a certain grade,
the money expended for the cutting down
of steep hills and the reducing of heavy
grades is well spent.

Another important point is the building
of graveled roads. The writer has in

mind a strip of road which has been '

graveled in recent years that is a pleas-
ure to ride over and another mile that is
clay and sand by spots. Muddy, sticky
clay during the spring to wade through,
and deep sand to drag through during the
dry summer months. All within a mile
on many roads are found these clay
knolls—hard in summer as a pavement,
when dry, but slippery when wet, a gravel
knoll to climb over, and a long stretch
of dcep shifting sand to pull .through.
Now, if the clay was spread over the
sand it. would give an ideal bottom for a
coating of gravel from the gravel knoll,
and at the same time both clay and
gravel knolls would be cut down—two
birds killed with one stone. When it is
possible to secure it clay gravel is excel—
lent for sandy soils, while for clay and
loamy soils a sand gravel is much better.
“’here it is not possible to secure a clay
gravel a coating of clay prior to the layer
of gravel gives the desired result. Fre-
quently a half load deep will be sufficient
to secure the result—a well packed road
bed. Ilowevcr, in the selection of gravel
the quality must not be overlooked. The
point that makes a gravel road superior
to an‘earth road is pebbles—real stones—
that it contains and not altogether upon
its immediate packing qualities as has
been thought. by many township com-
missioners and farmers. In the spreading
of the gravel care must be taken not to
spread it too wide as it works wider rap-
idly. Where the road bed is crowning,
shoulders should be formed of firm earth
on either side to prevent the gravel from
spreading wider than it is necessary.
\Vith the completion of a stretch of
gravel road that has the proper grading
and drainage, the township has a road
that has the proper essentials for a road
that can be regraded at small expense at
some future time for the purpose of se-
curing the state reward.

Another point that should be mentioned
is the use of the road grader as it is used
in many sections of the state. This
much used, and frequently mis—used, tool
is very efficient as a road grader in skill—
ful hands, especially to turnpike prior to
graveling. Gravel roads that have be-
come dished may be recrowned by care—
ful use of the grader, care being taken
not to run too deep or wide. However,
the grader has frequently been mis—used'
by the scraping of sod and turf into the
center of the road for the American
farmer and the city automobilist to bump
over.

In conclusion, the best plan to improve
the 70,000 miles of Michigan roads with
the present tax is first to plan to cut
down the high hills and lessen the heavy
grades, and, secondly, to grade and gravel
each year as much as possible. Care
must be taken to use the proper quality
of gravel. Thus will a start be made to—
ward what will be the great twentieth
century achievement—the [replacing of
our present inferior roads for improved
graded, graveled and macadamized roads.

Oakland Co. E. S. C.

  


552 ~ (4)

LIVE

“

 

“STOCK :1,

INTERNATIONAL—ITS LESSON
FOR THE FARMER.

 

 

THE

 

The 1911 International is history; and to
all connected therewith it should be inter-
esting and satisfactory reading. In all
sections, except sheep car lots and feeder
cattle, exhibits were more numerous than
ever, and withal the quality was main-
tained and in nearly all cases improve—
ment was noted. Especially was the gen—
eral condition of all exhibits better, ex-
hibitors having awakened to the fact that
only the best animals in the best condi-
tion are licensed to appear at this, the
greatest annual live stock show held any-
where in the world.

In the car lot classes out in the yards
the distinctive feature was the display of
fat cattle, which showed superlative mer-
it. Again the black Angus were winners
and the butcher judges declared by their
decision, as did also the buyers by their
bids, that yearlings of the requisite qual-
itv were preferable to older, more ripen—
ened beasts of greater weight. Light,
young beef is what the market demands.

The feeder cattle show was not as large
as heretofore, due in no small measure,
to the fact that feeders as well as grow—
ers recognize the Denver show held in
January, as the great show for feeder
cattle, and it would not be surprising if
this part of the International were eVent-
ually eliminated, at least to a great ex-
tent. The grand champions in this sec-
tion were Hereford yearlings from Texas.

Over in the sheep barn we had the un-
usual opportunity of seeing a car of aged
wethers win the grand championship for
the first time in the history of the show.
The strongest contenders were the load
of clipped blackface lambs shown by Ben
Conley, of Marshall, Mich. An exhibit
that attracted our attention was a load of
fat lambs direct from Idaho, which we
learned had been fattened on alfalfa hay
and what grain they could pick up in cat
and wheat stubble fields. They looked
as good as most corn fed lambs and
showed what may be expected from this
western country as it develops its grain
growing and supplements it by fattening
its ovm stock.

In the individual fat animals we find
a show of superior quality. In the steer
classes a committee culled out any in-
ferior animals so that only creditable
specimens of the bre-eders’ and feeders’
skill came before the judges. Of these
classes most interesting are always the
classes for grades and cross—breds, for
here the much advertised foreign judge
displays his ability. This year this ofii—
cial was J. J. Cridlan, an Aberdeen-Angus
breeder of high repute on the other side,
who has fitted and shown winners in the
best shows over there, as well as officiat—
ing in picking them. So far as we could
learn his work here was very creditable
and satisfactory to the exhibitors. Under
his eye also came the champions by
ages, from the various breeds, and from
these are ultimately sifted the grand
champion of the show. This year this con-
test was between the two-year—old grade
Angus steer Victor? shown by Iowa col-
lege, the yearling pure-bred Angus steer
shown by Nebraska college and the
grade Hereford calf shown by Missouri
college. It was all between the two
blacks, and the older, heavier, more ma-
tured animal won. just the opposite of the
result in the car lots out in the yards.
Both these steers were shown here last
year, Victor being champion of grades
and cross-brads, while the Nebraska steer
was reserve champion. the same as this
year. Both came back, a noteworthy oc-
currence. We also note that these win-
ners were all shOwn by bolleges, instead
of private individuals.

In the wether classes We found an
abundance of good lamb and mutton, and
here it was a Shropshire grade wether
shown by Lloyd—Jones. of Canada, that
claimed the purple, with a Southdown
from the University of Wisconsin as re-
serve. In the selection of the best ani-
mals here it is not so much a question of
sight as of touch. True it is that the
hand must aid the eye in selecting the
choicest beef, but with mutton it is nearly
all hand; for the expert shepherd, like the
modern expert tailor, so trims and fits the
coat of his charge that the eye can tell
but little of the actual form beneath the
coat. It takes an expert touch to carry
to the brain the knowledge which it finds.

In the hog classes, 2. Chester “'hite
was individual grand champion barrow,
while a. pen of Poland-Chinas were cham-

pion group.

THE.-Mici-iiGAN .FARMIER.

If memory serves no right
this is the first time that a hog with oth-
er than black bristles has won the cham-
pionship.

In the International show of individual
animals, we found a wonderful show of
horses of all the draft breeds, especially
of Percherons and Belgians. When one
goes through the buildings and observes
the high average quality of these ani-
mals; when he considers the growth and
size of these horses, he can hardly realize
that it has been attained in so short a
time, two and three-year-old stallions
weighing over a. ton; and then when he
considers the amount of capital, labor and
expense required to handle this business
he is almost staggered by its immensity.
Another striking fact is that nearly all
these horses are produced and developed
across the water, and it was the enter-
prising importers who made this great
show instead of American breeders. In
horses and mutton breeds of sheep the
old country breeders can send the win-
ners over here, but in nearly all other
breeds of live stock American breeders
have demonstrated their ability as breed.-
ers and fitters of the best the world pro-
duces. For instance, over in the cattle
barn we found American-bred stock the
winners; notably, in Shorthorns, where
Ringmaster, the undefeated champion of
1910, repeated this year and defeated the
imported entry.

In all the breeding classes it was the
same old story of superlative merit. It
mattered not what the breed nor what
the class, it required the judgment of an
expert to determine the winner, and then
the experts often disagreed. Frequently
it was a question of personal preference
as to the value of certain characteristics.
In fact, competition is so keen and the
difference between the ribbon winners so
small that it seems as if all were worthy
to wear blue ribbons and an equal share
of the prize money. .

As to the spectator, there was no sec-
tion of the show more valuable nor more
interesting than another. It was simply
a question of the class of stock in which
you were interested. If it was Shorthorn
cattle you found the best animals of the
breed with a judge from London who
evidently knew his business and did it
with reasonable dispatch. If it was
Shropshire sheep you found a show of the
best from both England and America,
with two college professors placing the
ribbons and no man competent to disagree
with them unless he could handle the
entries, which is practically impossible.
And so on all along the line: it is the best
and the most of it, to be found-anywhere.
It is the highest expression of the breed-
ors' skill and the fitters’ art in concrete
animal form. _

Any farmer or grower of live stock
who fails to see this show loses much in
his education for his own business; he
fails by that much of realizing and at-
taining the greatest possibilities in it.
Not that he may ever be able to produce
such specimens nor to place them in such
condition, but that it is possible because
other men have done it and the ambitious
man is spurred on by what other men
have done. Again, the sight of such
specimens of animal perfection gives the
average man a definite idea as to the
character in many and all respects of the
various breeds and the ideals of the
breeders so far as they have been able to
mold them into concrete form. When
Mr. Farmer goes home from the Inter-
national he carries new ideas, new
thoughts, new ambitions, new knowledge.
It matters not the kind of meat he is
producing, he has gained new knowledge
as to what is the most desired and most
valuable form in which that meat shall go
to market and as \to how it can be most
economically produiced.

Washtenaw Co. Roscon VJoon.

 

iN FEEDING FROZEN
BEETS.

I have read several articles in your
paper in regard to frozen sugar beets be-
ing poisonous to live stock. Here is my
experience:

Some years ago I had 40 shoats of from
80 to 100 lbs. weight that I fed boiled
sugar beets, about half of them frozen
and half unfrozen. I have a tank over
an arch and put in- a barrel of water and
two bushels of beets and cooked them
thoroughly. I then scooped them out
with beet scoop, letting water remain and
continued cooking every morning in same
water. - . '

All went well for two days. The third
morning some of the hogs did not act
just right. Would cramp, lie down, get
up, cramp again and go down, but there

EXPERIENCE

_~ ,

were no bad results.
or about five days after I commenced to
feed beets, one of them left the trough
after eating and began to cramp and drop
down, get up and cramp again, and died
in 10 or 15 minutes, and in less than one
hour three were dead.

I concluded there was something wrong
with the feed, but what was it? At that
time I had never read or heard that
frozen sugar beets were poisonous to
stock, consequently began an investiga-
tion myself. I opened the tank (the
water then boiling). I thought I detected
a sour odor from the steam. I cut a best
open and tasted it and found I was feed-
ing a very sour kind of sweet pickle.
Continued boiling of the beets in the
same water had converted it into vinegar.
I, removed all the water and beets and
used fresh water every morning and con-
tinued to feed same beets with good re-
sults, and have fed beets in same way
several years since with no bad results.
Consequently I am somewhat skeptical
in regard to the fact that the beets being
frozen was the cause of the stock dying
as others report. Perhaps if, at the time
I had the trouble I had read what I have
since on the subject, I would not have
investigated, but charged it up to frozen
beets. But from my experience I believe
the acid generated from continued boiling
in the same water was the whole trouble.

Ingham Co. W. W. HEALD.

KEEP THE PIGS GROWING.

The shrinkage in prices for fat hogs is
again repeated with the approach of the
holiday season. There is this year the
additional reason of the high-priced grain
which prevents many farmers making
their hogs as heavy as they would other-
wise do. Howcver, farmers should not
forget that one extreme usually follows
another, and that this rushing of hogs
to market, together with the inroads
made upon the pig crop by hog cholera
in many states, will materially aflect the
price in future months. For this reason
it will pay to keep the pigs growing to
the limit of their capacity, even at the
present high price of grain feeds, since
there will undoubtedly be an improve-
ment of the prices due to the free mar-
keting at this season of the year and
other causes abOVe mentioned.
_—_+
GOVERNMENT MEAT INSPECTION.

 

 

Interesting information about the fed-
eral meat inspection is contained in the
annual report made to Secretary Wilson
by Dr. A. D. Melvin, Chief of the Bureau
of Animal Industry of the United States
Department of Agriculture. During the
fiscal year ending June 30, the inspection
was conducted at 936 establishments in
255 cities and towns, both of these num-
bers being the highest in the history of
the service. The number of animals in-
spected before slaughter was 53,002,304,
comprising " 7.807,712 cattle, 2,214,127
calves, 29,920,261 hogs, 13,005,822 sheep,
and 54,382 goats. There were inspected
after slaughter 7,781,030 cattle, 2,219,908
calves, 29,916,363 hogs, 13,005,502 sheep,
and 54,145 goats a total of 52,976,948 ani-
mals. Of these there were condemned
for disease or other unwholesome condi-
tion, 117,383 entire carcasses and 1,009,672
parts of carcasses, making a total of
1,127,055 carcasses and parts condemned.
Tuberculosis was the cause of by far the
greater part of these condemnations.

The meats and meat food products can-
ned, cured, or otherwise prepared under
official inspection amounted to nearly sev-
en billion pounds, of which there were
condemned on inspection subsequent to
the inspection at time of slaughter over 21
million pounds.

Inspection certificates were issued for
export of meats and meat food products
aggregating 975,066,006 pounds, this being
an increase of over 150 million pounds
compared with 1910.

Laboratory examinations were made of
25,818 samples with a view to detecting
prohibited preservatives, prohibited col-
oring matter, adulterants, or other un-
wholesomeness, and to determine the
quality of salt, spices, condiments, etc.,
and the sanitary condition of water sup-
plies. It was found that the use of pro-
hibited preservatives and coloring matter
was not practiced at inspected establish-
ments.

The federal inspection is applied only
to meats and meat food products prepared
at establishments that do an interstate
or export business, but the government
inspects the entire product of such estab-
lishments regardless of whether it is in-
tended for local, interstate, or export
trade. »

The next morning

 

DEC. "'23, “1911.

1 - Honest

”is a fri'l'f/"IVI’ W} um-
\i“, 'I’ 5'; “"1 9/} meat
3... f as; w
PM Q - . [Lb i’gx
PH“! ,4); ‘" /’

. ‘ _' _,’ 1/0212" ,
1.52/3 ’
f r. ’

58 Years at Honest

Fur Buying

SINCE way back in 1853 Traugctt. Schmidt &
Sons have stood for honest treatment to the
trapper and shipper of raw furs. This fact alone
has made it most popular among those who ‘
wanted to be certain of square dealing. the high-
est possible price and every penny that was
coming to them. -

Dealing with us by mail is as simple as if you
were bringing your iursto our door, and there 13
never any question but that you will be paid more
for your raw Iurs than you could be m: of gab
tin elsewhae.

‘ighe most successful shippers all over the
country have for years shipped only to us, know.
ing that they would receive only the best of treat-
ment.

II Iiitl what you an we «at you It! was

Don‘t put off getting our price lists until ya:
have the furs and then wonder where you are
going to ship them.

Mail us the Coupon Below--
Today

Just the minute you have mailed us your ad-
dressyou (an feel as thousands of shippers all
over this country that now you have forgotten the
worry and disappointmentsoi former shipments
and an count on square dealing and best prim.

Trauooii Schmidt & Sons,

annual and Surplus—8400.000
196-164 loin-0e Ave” DETROIT. MICE.

Sit right down now and
mail us this coupon before
youforget it, we have many
flung: to tellyou.

0,3,

 

so: no Wt ms chum mu
T810001! m b 8018. Detroit. ma.

Dear Sirs:—I wmttoshlp my furs when I (an halite
of Honest Treatment and the Highest Prices. Will you send
me price lists, an. em. and put me on-your regular list!

 

 

 

 

Mc Mahon’s
Absorbent

Has No Equal to; Cure of

injured tem‘nns. bunc-
spavm, curbs. splints,
ringhonc. sidrhone,

gun ibmoughpin, bog-

money back if

it fun. “I 01.00 for this
great remedy today

CHICIGO VEIEIIIABY MEDICAL 00.
I470 Calumot Am. Chicago. Ill.

and other en-

  

largcmenls.

 

 

SEND FOR FREE CATALOG-
Dunhum Pulmiuera. Packers and Rollers are
made suitable to every so“ formtton.
and double gun pulverizers. Flexible and

lined-frame pu‘verinern. Combination Inn'-

aoe and sub-surface here. All steel land
rollers. Pl sand 'I.‘ 1- Boilers. Anne
increased! £54 bushels per note b using

am. On sale near 011

Dunh 1780.to Vgote us. Ave.
THE DilllllAii 00., Bel-ea. omlmo.U.S.A.

 

C

    
 
  
   

(Sold m or without W)
emu with or W
.chuckagnnlefirnezlfiigds of sm-Jlgram.
“m loll “up. mm
mm from others.

lob h. I ‘
Bookl‘ on "le3! of

anE Peed: and laurel."

. D. l. P. Bunker 00.5015 Build.

  

 

KENDALL'S
SPAVIN

CURE

 

 

 

 

Pious month-tho mals- Fu-Iior will
wrltlng to advertisers. .

    
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

.mz‘-..

 

 


  
    

 

  
 

 

 

 

 

.au-r’u;

 

 
  
 
 

   

 

 
 

DEC. 23,‘ 1911.
FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.

l .__.__.

A Ratlon for Fattening Steers.

Would corn meal at $30 per ton, or
wheat and oats ground together, equal
parts by weight, be the better feed for
yearling steers, prices being equal, the
same to be fed with corn silage made
from matured corn? Or would middlings
at $25 per ton and a little cottonseed
meal at $31 per ton be a more economic
feed. I want to fatten the steers, and in
addition to the ensilage which is fed
night and morning, they get a little oat
straw for roughage and a liberal feed of

.mixed hay at noon. Cattle are in a warm

barn with access to water. Would the
same ration be an economic ne for lambs
which I am feeding?

Sanilac Co. J. C. R.

The question of the amount of ensilage
to feed to fattening steers, and the kind
and amount of grain ration to be fed with
it is a matter upon which practical feed—
ers do not wholly agree. Until recent
years many expert cattle feeders, as well
as experimenters, have maintained that
there was little economy in the use of
ensilage for fattening steers. In recent
years, however, it has been well demon-
strated that silage is a very economic
feed to use in fattening steers, particu-
larly when roughage is high in price as is
the case this year. It is not considered
the best economy, however, to feed en-
silage as heavily to fattening steers as
to dairy cows, although in many cases
as high as 30 to 40 pounds of ensilage is
fed per day throughout the entire feeding
period with excellent results.

The kind and amount of the grain ra-
tion which should be fed with the en-
silage depends not a little 6n the
amount of grain in the ensilage and the

THE MICHIGAN PARMER.

While some cats in the ratin will
prove beneficial, and if home-grown cats
are available they can be added with
profit, it would hardly be good economy
to feed equal parts of corn and oats by
weight, and the needed protein can be
more cheaply secured in_th_e cottonseed
meal at the price above named than in
most any other available concentrate, al-
though the source from which the protein
is derived should be determined by its
cost and, unless clover hay is available,
it will be profitable to add some protein
concentrate to the grain ration.

The same ration will answer very well
for fattening lambs, although ensilage
should not be fed quite as heavily to them
and oil meal is a little more palatable to
them than cottonseed meal. However,
at present prices, corn should be made
the base of the ration for both sheep and
cattle as it is the cheapest available
grain for the purpose.

COOKING FOOD FOR HOGS.

 

What is the relative value of cooked
food for hogs, compared to feed in the
raw state? We have just installed a
steam cooker to keep the ice out of our
water tanks and wash our dairy utensils,
which we think is what every dairyman
should do, as we can sterilize all of our
milking utensils with steam.

Livingston Co. G. B.

Quite a number of years ago I became
very much interested in the cooking of
food for hogs. At that time it was neces-
sary for me to have what is known as
the feed cooker or small agricultural
boiler, because we. wanted to warm the
milk that came back from the creamery

 

 

 

 

Ringmaster, Champion Shorthorn Bull at the International.

kind of hay fed with it. Where good
clover'or alfalfa hay is available, and corn
is not too high in price, it has been found
that gains could be produced cheaper'on
this combination than by adding feed
richer in protein to balance up the ration
properly. With corn as high priced as at
present, however, this would not be true.
and particularly where mixed hay and
cat straw is to be fed in combination with
the ensilage, as in this case. If 30 lbs.
of ensilage per day is fed with the mixed
hay, as described in this case, an eco—
nomic feed would be composed of corn
meal and cottonseed meal or oil meal
mixed in a proportion of 10 parts to three
by weight, beginning with a small feed
and gradually increasing until on full
feed, which with this amount of en-
silage would not require more than one
pound per day of this mixture of grain
in each hundred pounds of live weight of
the animals fed.

.Unless the corn is ground cob and all,
to lighten up the ration, it would be well
to use some bran in connection with this
grain ration as the feeding period pro—
gresses, or add some ground cats to the
ration, particularly if the grain ration is
fed by itself instead of being spread on
the ensilage and eaten with it.

Corn meal at $30 per ton would still be
cheaper than ground wheat as the base
for the ration at the present price, but
one who expects to make a profit feeding
steers should not feed $30 corn meal.
While the current quotation on corn
meal is at $30 per'ton, this is on meal
made from old corn, since new corn meal
will not keep sufficiently well to be hand-
led in a commercial way at this season of
the year. It would be better to buy the
corn needed and have same ground. or
even feed Without grinding and allow
some hogs to run with the cattle, than
to feed such an expensive grain ration.

for the calves, then We had lots of dairy
utensils to wash and it was very con—
venient to have this boiler, and I tried
out quite thoroughly the proposition of
cooking feed for hogs. I couldn’t see
that it paid, so I gave it up.

I certainly believe it pays to warm the
swill for hogs in cold weather if it gets
ice-cold. I don’t believe in putting pieces
of ice into the troughs for hogs in the
winter time. But that is an entirely dif-
ferent proposition from cooking the feed.
Now, the hog’s stomach is adapted by na-
ture to digest raw feed. It never was
intended that a hog’s feed should be
cooked. This is not only my own expe-
rience but since then it has been tried
carefully at several experiment stations
and in every instance, so far as I know,
one could not get paid for the fuel for
cooking feed for either growing pigs or
fattening hogs. But. if it does not pay
to cook feed for hogs, G. B. will find his
feed cooker a good investment if he can
use it to keep the ice out of his water
tanks and if he can use it to sterilize
dairy utensils. Really, dairy utensils are
not real clean until after they are washed
and sterilized, and they want to be heat-
ed so hot in sterilizing that they need no
wiping. A great many people wash milk
cans and milk pails and then wipe them
out with a dirty old cloth and smear them
all over with bacteria which makes them
almost as bad as they were before they
attempted to wash them.

‘ COLON C. LILLIE.

Corned Beef.—F. K., of Tuscola Co.,
asks for a tested recipe for putting down
corned beef. Mix 4 qts. of salt, 4 lbs. of
brown sugar and 4 ozs. of saltpeter for
each 100 lbs. of beef. Rub mixture on
beef and pack with it tightly in a large
crock, weighting it down. It will soon
form a brine to cover the meat.

 

 

 

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One Policy One Jystem Universal Jervice

'= BUY BONDS ='

Accepted by the U. S. Government as security for

Postal Savings Bank Deposits

That is the only class of bonds we offer you.
But—instead of the 2 percent the Postal Banks

would pay you, these Bonds I 3
will yield from - - - 42% to 44 %

list of these high-grade Bonds. Ask for

it-—It’s FREE.

New First Nat’l Bank D7??? Columbus, 0.

A

We have a complete

 

 

 

 

 

ers! GetYour Share 4
these BigExtra Prizes Free!

Write quick for greatest money-making oil'er ever made. We are giving away.
absolutely GIVING AWAY. 81.000 in gold each month for best. quality skins.
You might as well go after these bi cash prizes. Costs nothing to get them. Send
805ml and learn how we make one an astounding offer and how to enter Prize
ontest free. Names of winners will be sent to everybody on our mailinglginant.

' ' Cash rizen are all EXT — .
"lghes‘ caSh Pnces—PrOmpt RelurHS! For wpe pay, in addition. top-market
ellh prices. and guarantee quick returns. No fake commirsionchargel. We send back all
iylour money. We pay express charges. You can't lose in dealing With SlLBERMAN. W_'o
ave been in business 45 years—are the largest Fur and Wool House In America. The world I
biggelt fur manufacturers buy of us. So we can always pay highest prices. Postal bring]
latest [“ur Market Reports and 01.000 Prize Contest Circular. Hold your furs till you hear from ul.

8.8ilberman & Sons maintain-rims: Desk 48, Chicago

The Blissfield Bone and Tanning 00., signs;

pays the freight on all hides that are to be made into fur coats and robes.
‘ . Our prices are lower than any other concern doing this kind of
. work. We tan.coon, muskrat and mink skins. and make beautiful fur
coats, mufis and scarfs for the ladies. We would be pleasedto send you our catalog which
tells all about. our work.

BLISSFIELD ROBE & TANNING 00., Blissfleld, Mich.

 
 
        
 

"ii

on -. will

  
 

 

 

 

  


m. r,»- 1,.
”es-ff“

   

[Ark AA

VETERINARY

Wu .

Advice through this department is free
to our subscribers. Each communication
writ ~u‘. Initials only will be published.
Many queries are answered that apply to
case in full; also name and address of
should state 'history and symptoms of the
the same ailments If this column is
watched carefully you will probably find
the desired information in a reply that
has been made to some one else. When
reply by mail is requested. it becomes
private practice and a fee of 81. 00 must
accompany the otter.

 

 

Bursal Swelling.——My 16-year-old horse
has in some way injured his stifle and is
some lame; the cap is in proper position,
but there is a soft bunch below joint
that was quite painful, but it is now less
so. D. M. R., Stockbridge, M1ch.——Apply
equal parts spirits of camphor and tinc-
ture iodine to bunch once a day.

Ringbone.-—For the past three months
my eight-year-old horse has been lame
and 'so far as I can tell it is the result
of ringbone. O. E. F., Hesperia, Mich.—
If your horse has ringbone situated low
down, it will be difficult to cure him;
however, the best results are obtained
by giving him absolute rest and either
firing or blistering. Firing is, of course,
the most heroic treatment; however, you
might try blistering with one part red
iodide mercury and eight parts cerate of
cantharides; these applications should be
made every week or ten days. What is
meant by rest, is keeping the horse per-
fectly quiet, without exercise.

Splint—I have a six-year-old horse
that has been lame for the past ten
months. There is a small, hard bunch
on shin just below knee; this is the only
blemish on him He points his foot out
in front of body part of the time. H. W.
S., Inaton Rapids, Mich. -Pointing the
foot is usually an. indication of foot
lameness. but if he has a splint causing
lameness, he will walk almost sound and
trot very lame Examine him carefully be—
fore commencing treatment Apply one
pait 1ed iodide mercury and eight parts
lard to splint once a \\ cek and if you be-
lieve he is lame in foot blister coronet
with cerate of cantharides.

Stocking—When my horse stands in
stable over night his legs stock, but
when driven an hour the swelling goes
down. Am feeding corn, oats and wheat
straw. A J. B, Hastings, Mich. —Stock—
ing is a result of other ailments and not
a disease. Inelease his feed and give a
teaspoonful of powdered sulphate iron,
tuo tablespooniuls of ground gentian, 1
(l1. giound nux vomica and two table-
spoonfuls powdered charcoal at a dose
in feed three times a day.

Shoulder Slip—I have a two-year-old
colt that must have sprained his shoulder
for when he steps forward his shoulder
rolls out of position and I am told it is
swceny. R. .J., Deckexville, Mich ——Clip
hair off shoulder and apply a light blister.
Use cerate of (antharides and if you will
make an application every Week or ten
days, I fully believe you will obtain good
results. Kindly understand cases of this
kind are slow in getting well.

Weak llea1t.—I purchased a horse last
Apiil that “as quite thin in flesh, he has
been thin evm since; acts tired and dull
and when urged to trot he falls back to
a walk whenever allowed to do so. Our
local Vet. has treated him all summer
He has purged him twice a month, filed
his teeth, gave him condition powder and
he has had good care. His hind legs stock
and he has had sore heels. He is only
five years old, weighs 1.300 lbs.,‘and is
fed c111n and mixed hay W. \V Hop-
kins, Mich. ——Your horse may not digest
food pioperly, or he may have a weak
hea1t.Givc 1 dr ground nux vomica, 1
oz ground gentian,1,§ oz. ground quas-
sia, % oz ground ginger and 2 drs. Fow-
ler’s solution at a dose in ground feed
three times .1 day. Feed equal parts by
weight of ground corn oats and wheat
bran Be sure and salt him well.

Indigestion wllave a four- ”year -old mare
nu1slng a colt but she is not thriving
and is swollen under belly. She is fed
corn, oats and some bran mash with cat
straw and hay for ioughage. Have giv-
en her buchu leaves and nitrate of potash
111190 times a week. 0. G. \V., Blooming-
dale, Mich. —Your mare may need a little
dental work as the permanent teeth are
taking the place of temporaiy ones and
are doubtless causing her some trouble.
The taps of grinders should perhaps be
iemoved; however, you can tell by mak—
ing an examination of mouth Feeding
her ground grain and cut hav will help
her. Also give her two tablespoonfuls of
g1ound gentian and 1 dr ground nux
vomica at a dose in feed three times a
day.

Partial Dislocation of Patella. —I have
a two- year-old colt unusually large and
seemingly over- grown for his age, that
has weak stifle. The cap seems to slip
out of place easily and it is not difficult
for it to return, but it bothers him start-
ing. A. ‘V., White Pigeon, Mich. ~—The
ligaments that hold stifle bone in place
are weak and it you will place the colt
with hind feet three inches higher than
fore and blister stifle with one part pow-
dered cantharides and six parts lard ev-
ery ten days. he will get well. The ob-
ject in keeping hind feet higher than
fore is to keep joint in socket, for it us—
ually slips out of place when hind foot
is back and down.

Sluggish Action of Glands. —-Ten days
ago one hind leg of my five- ”year old
mare commenced to swell; a few days
later all four were stocked and I would
like to know what can be done for an ail-
ment of this kind E. C., Merrill.
Mich. —Apply one part alcohol and two
parts warm water to swollen legs twice

T1113 MICHIGAN FARMER.

a day and bandage lightly over cotton.
Give 2 drs. iodide potassium and 1,5 on.
fluid extract of buchu at a dose in feed
three times a day. She should have walk-
ing exercise daily.

Bog Spavin and Thoroughpin.—We have
a two-year-old colt that has soft bunches
on fore part, inside and outside of hock
joints. I have been told they were wind
puffs and would leave him at four years
of age, but they are no better. I might
add that this colt is very large for his
age and I haVe another colt same age
that perspires while standing in stable.
C. 3.11., Palms, Mich. —Many colts come
honestly by puffy joints, for whole fam-
ilies of draft horses are inclined to have
joints of this kind from birth and if the
hooks are clean they seem to be predis-
posed to weakness and are easily
sprained. Blister joint with one part red
iodide mercury and eight parts cerate of
cantharides three times a month and you
will obtain fairly good results. It is well
to understand that suchjoints are not
easily made sound.

Obstructed Teat.~—Last summer a small
lump formed in upper part of teat, ob-
structing milk flow and to pass a milk-
ing tube seemed to hurt her. I also have
another heifer that has a similar ailment.
J. McG, Hudson, Mich. —In my practice
I frequently cut through teat and remove
bunch, then stitch wound, leaving a milk-
ing tube or sound in teat until wound
heals. You will obtain fairly good re-
sults by applying iodine ointment.

Ringworm.——I have a cow that has sore
spots all over body; these spots vary in
size and range from a half inch to 1%
inches in diameter. I have applied coal
ta1 dip, but it falls to effect a cure. I
have also applied strong salt water with-
out results. F \V. W., Monroe, Mich.—
Apply tincture iodine three times a week
and you will have little trouble in killing
the ringworm parasites,

Garget.—One quarter of my cow’s bag
is caked and I have applied hot water
and hot lard without results. I would
also like to know if badly cured corn that
has mould on it will injure live stock,
especially hogs. if fed to them moderate-
ly. A. C. K., Montague, Mich—Apply
one part iodine and eight parts lard t0
caked udder once a'day or as often as
you believe it necessary and it will re-
duce bunch in udder. Cooking the corn
will prevent it harming your hogs and it
fed to horses soak it for 12 hours in
salt water.

Barron Sow—I have seen many useful
remedies prescribed for ailments of live
stock in your paper, but have not noticed
a prescription to bring sows in season.
I have two sows that fall to come in heat.
\V. G. 8.. Shelby, Mich.-——Give 5 grs. of
powdered cantharides, 10 grs. ground nux
vomica and a teaspoonful powdered cap—
sicum at a dose in feed two or three
times a day.

Rheumatism.—I have a brood sow that
is lame, caused from having rheumatism.
S. P., Bailey, Mich—Give your sow 20
grs. salicylate of soda at a dose three
times a day. Discontinue feeding her
corn for her ration may not have been
balanced properly. Add some air—slaked
lime and roots to her food supply. Apply
equal parts aqua ammonia, turpentine and
sweet oil to sore parts three or four
times a week.

Goitle.—-—Our three- months- old Collie
puppy has a large bunch in neck which
appears to me like goitre. A G. D.
Brighton, Mich -—Apply tincture iodine
two or three times a Week.

 

 

rt d d urobred We make a speci-
Iwgignag Piercheron Slalfions- alty of Quality.
Bone and Weight..G .& H. LOCHEB. Bluflton. Ohio.

BREWERS’ DIRECT (DRY.
CATTLE.
ABERDEEN-ANGUS.

Mord. istina of Trojan Erioae Blackbirds and
Pridos. only. 1- headodb , ”w Trojan Erica.
by Black sckWoodlswn. sire oft e Grand Cham ion steer
and bull at the International in Chicago... 1910.
A few choicely bred young bullsA for sale.

WOODCOTES SFTOCK

 

 

BM. Ionia. Mich.

AYRSHIRES €31.35 “fiflgll‘h‘ii

l 1' le. Berkshire swine pure
{1:3me c“1511'nglg9slnsgchoolfor Deaf. Flint. Mich.

—-3 istorod Guernsey Bulls, 5 regis
For sa|e tere large Yorkshire sows, bred.
For prices write John Ebels, R. No. 10, Holland Mich

DEBS—7 bulls from 2 mos. to 2 vears old. all
EREEnd of the very best breeding. Also big boned
Polling China hogs. ALL LEN BROS. Paw Paw, Mich

“Top-Notch” HOLSTEINS.

A line can bull from an Advanced Begistt dam,
Sire Cor¥1uc g iaBos Pieter-tie N0. M2, born an. 2'7
191]. Sire—fillowbrie MBoa. who is a grandson of
Beauty Pietertie who an official record of so. 51
butter in 7 days and was the Int. 30- lb. cow of the breed
to produce a 30-lb daughter. Dam—Ia Cornucopia
Pauline. who has an omoial record at 2 years. 1 .mo,
18 days old as follows. —Mllk, 1 day. 48.1ylbs.: m1lk, 7
dsys,319.'l lbs -butter, ’1 days. 13 36
an oificial record at 4 years old of 11. '16 lbs. butter in '1
days and her granddam has an ofloisl record 01317.72

'7dnys at 14 dn’lyeorsh 1110., 19 days old
be.u in 318P days. is dam was slzodb y

whose dam has an

"NJ?“ lb: butter in 'I do? at 3 years
old. and was s sister of oAgiem Cornucopia saline. who
has an on dis butter in 7 days 3t
4% years old. world' s oiliniorl 4 year-o d record He
comes from large producers on both si is a an.
individual; nicely ms with more its um;

blwkll opti PHEBBON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mich.

i l i
llolshln ankles“... 1“ 1:"... 2..“ ”Tl-1.1.111...
Mood brooding. ROBIfi‘.ego CARE. Powlorvlllo. Mich.

llllll llol Sell 20 Holsleln Bulls In low.
I Wanl lo Flnlsll the Job In December.

Send for my Dec. Announcement. Select a
bull from it, order him QUICK. Several from
A. R. O. dams, and sired by Johanna Concordia
Champion the only bull in service, whose grand
dams average 8406 lbs. butter in7 days. Also
yearling heifers bred to him.

Fayette. Ohio.

 

La Es CORNELL. .

 

Who wants» this one?

long Beach Segis Beels’

Heis 10 months old, 60% white. straight. large
His sire. Oakland Paul Beets Burke is a prom-
ising young son of

PAUL BEETS DE KOL

with 98 A. R. 0. daughters and,_one of the great-
est siros of the breed.

His dam Segis Veman is one of the most.
promising young daughters of

KING SEGIS

She made a record of 14 .4 lbs. butter ,as a two—
year- -old and we expect she will make a 25
record this Winter.

Long Beach Farm, Augusla, (“gm”) illcll.

Younger ones from $00 up.

HOLSTEIN BULLS

FOR SALE——

Registered bulls from four to ten months old for
sale that are closely related to Hongorveld
De K01, De Kola 2nd ”Butter Boy 3rd, and Colan-
tha 4th 8 Johanna. The dams are heavy milkers
and mostly in the A. R.O 0. Prices reasonable.
Send for list. Bigolow's Holstein Farm. Brocdsvillefiich.

Thirteen lligll Grade Holstein Cows.

They are young)“,ed and ri ht i
glukeial. n... by“ 0mm flog-69331112182 "filJE‘l‘. tar
e o are br is and 0 s00
rice $00.00. 0.0 11v. New Haven. M1311. 1“

"OI-8"“. nun-Bu calft, sired by best son of Pontiac
dam. C. D.BVV 00' BUfiYxtnLanrginngfgfigl‘i.

—Special Prices 0 o
HolsloirFriosian Gallic bulls about awful 3:2
vice. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Mich .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purebred Registered
1'! OLSTB IN CATT LE
. I The Greatest Dairy Breed
‘ Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets.
Hoktoin-Friosian, Asso.. Box [64. Brett! ‘ .Vt.

REGISTEREDO J ERSEYS For Bale—Some oombiu.
1n; th 6 St Louis and Chicago WoMrld's
Fair Champions by OHERMAN HARMS. MM

LILLIE FARMSTEAD JERSEYS.”

Cows all in yearly test. Four Bulls old one feor
service. Sovo s londid Bull Calves.
Heifers and Heifer alves. I guarantee satisfaction
or 11283813“ refunded

NC.LILLIE. Cooper-Willem.

born Nov. 3,1910. good breeding, forsale
JUNO! lull at b i , F i
A... or “a“ spearhead 1:1?

 

 

 

OR SALE—3 earll Hollioln- F l i bu
313" bred hoiéers y token mania: 3:1" alike)???
years a or. 0 an i
cation. W. C. J ackson. South Bond, Mmd'i‘ag'sc

BUTTER BRED W231”

CRYEI'AL SPRIN groan Fm.
Silver Crook. “(3 County. Michigan.

Jerseyeliull Cali ior Sale—l £31,.“ “T”:

rt bull. Dam. Register 01 Merit“ one ull
sister ands half “slate star [Merit animals.
WATEEMA c WATEBMA .Ann Arbor. Mich.

JERSEY BULLS FOR SALE

filmed by Temisia' 3 Interested Prince 71618, whoeodam
made 733 lbs butter in one year. authenticated test.
Choice individuals. .Prlcoo noble.

BBODKWATER Hill, All ARBOR, HIGH" II. F. D. 1.

Jersey Heifer

Dropped July 12. 1911.

Sire is a son of Manion's Interested Prince
out of 11. Register of Merit Cow, whose sire has
20 daughters in the R. of M.

Marston’s Interested Prince has 5 daughters in
the R. of M and his sire has 18in the R. of M.
Dam of he1fer is a fine dairy cow but not tested-

T. F. MARST%N?°.5%3'y City, Mich.
Red Polled Bull Calves

6to7months old 840 t0650. Cows $0 to 875. Also
Percheron Stallion? 3 more old line style,a big
bargain at 150.15 EBLAOKETTQSON Allegan,M1ch

—2 YL LS“ RED POL
FOR SALEB “.13.”.

if taken now. J. M. CHESE it 890%800 10111116,0 Mich.

Dairy Bred Shorthorns—atlf." ”if: l‘lfiilfifi'fifi'

l'l .
Cashor good note J. B HUM 14.th Mason. Mich.

O

 

 

 

—Ohnioo re isterod Shorthorn Bull. Aid
For 53182—113 127. cu ved July 1011., 1910. 0013::
roan. Nine of his dams bred by A Crulckshank.
erte for part1culars to T. A. Baylor, Saginaw. Mich.

Choice Yearling Shorlhorn B 0:312;

tioulars write to Meyer Bros, R. No. 7, Howell, Mich.

 

 

 

SHEEP.
AT HALF PRICE

CIIMCE DELAINE To CLOSE om,

Also bred owes. B. H. SANDERS. Ashtabula. Ohio.

' ~Yearling and r 1
“mum's flock of Thumb 3? M 333“ 53,!!!”0113m if:
“’1’" swine. Elelu‘st Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.

Oxford Down Slice 4°“ Yw‘m‘ 111.14
fol-sale. 1.3. wuss}; €f?‘§l§df§£’fi‘lh“w “a“

—Registored and bred to rtedr
0M Em for sale at farmers’ impo Addg
B. F. Miller or GEO. L.8pillano. fiflint Michigan.

Rambolllllei RamS‘GPOG Ones at fax-men

prices. Also
lambs. A. E GREEN Orchard Lake, M121? 9:13:13}?

Reg. Rambouillets—W‘F“ ”°

lose out
both sexes. All e l i — 0
Monica. on 6. 1'1. 8 .21}: lM‘er. £1“er Q? 1111100011121, E

SHROPSHIRES.

Fifty registered ew bred to choice impel-tad rams.

for Jeale st farmersY prices reduce
MO'I'I‘AW 49.00.. Flushing. Mich.

 

 

“ DEG. 23.1311.

mom mfigl “‘2 “h
C. .1. TH 801afioo I.0. Boers for sale.

 

sg‘POPSEIBIEyou-iing ngBamsnd 01.0.8

us
srstows One year! tugboat. OSthhirgreiwe‘

.lSsmbs later. I]. BEACH.

HOGS.
l,either sex.

-lil t ri l
Dunes and 11,11,111: ”mu ‘31... “if " nose .1
11mm prices. M. T. :s'robr." 11. 11]” D 48, Lowell. Mich.

0N Brighton. M lob.

 

—Brod seed
Berkshires for .31.: "all. :“fifi‘fi?£3«: '
splendid individuals with fans heads, at resonaibfé
prices. 0. 0.00 , wanna. Michigan.

 

Thoroughbred Berkshire Brood 80v: for Ssh.

two years old magnificent specimens To snow
January and February to high quality boar.f Very
pro l.iilo About 3001bs. Only 1345.

ROUGEMONT FARMS. Detroit. Michigan.

NGLIBI-I Borksh ire' hogs and Oxford Down shoe
salboch sexes and all sgmloed away down for finial
Stoc tockgu B Beaver, Akron.

 

 

F 01! SALE. BERKSHIRE—2 boars a B gilts fsrsowed in June
also I choice lot of Au; and Sept. pigs, sired by Handsome
Prince 8d & Marion King. A. A. PATTULLO. Docksrvilla, lick.

—Buy a service Boar now

Berkshires ch... 0,]... m... '

for sale. 0 s BABTLn'r'rpronumf 111101.. “I”
s —Bred from ris - i

PURE 0.1. C 5 mm the «2.11.12.13.21? 223

l fie type. Both sax not in.t ring farmw.

or write. F.A. O. chweltorman ontezuma.0.

SWI
"G '- cs lbs Nil—Mall: :ovlgi‘inxfrom 175 to $0

 

o. 1. c. SWINE—14...! in: 11:11:31
strain both males and females Write for Live and
Let Live price on. airs and tri notak skin.

A. J. GORDO .3. No.2

9 —Best usiity, ls wth
0. '0 C S F0? Sale type. qeither mmpamno 1
11km, some fine b FOIL?“ choice lot of fsl pins all
ages. o’crron L211. Nashville. Michigan.

0 I. C. 's—-B<l>arsoaRu sold. SeChoioio youn sows weigh-
. 113180 a so or so , ire
no skin. Order early llflrodBe Niche. “bur-co, Mioxh .DP. 1.

 

 

 

O I. 0. —Spring hours all sold. A few lengthy ilts
o to be bred for NEW!“ furrow. Choice Aug & Sipt.
pigs, cheap. MAN. B. No. 1. Mariette.

o ' c Choice Boers and Gilh. April, Au. and Sept.
- furrows. rodfreo 11“ r' a name.
Glenwood Stock Farm, Zoolsnd. ich. Phone 94

OUR Imp. Chester Whites and Tamworth swine won

861‘ atFairs inlfll. Borv ooboars. aloosowab
(”spring farmw of either breed that will pleasoy ou

in l:qualli‘q and price, Adams Bros” Litohiield Mich.

-—Yo breeders of Marc A ril
MW Chaim “elude farmw. an}; 3...
Wodfom for sale when bred. Also Holstein
OWH.8.0N Okemos. Mich. Both phones.

for sale—2 spri

Remand Du“ Jemy‘ a few 11

boars.
sows. also a few slits. J .A. Hither, Shookbridgoinoh.

DUROC JERSEYS.
MW

CAREY U. EDMONDB.
DUROC JERSEYS POI 8m. Decombgur.
JOHN McNIOOLL. B. No. I. North Stan]!
DUROC-JERSEYi BOABS of the large. hoa boned

type and Mioodi usiity. also ilts d all
for sale. “.09 kemos. (1:311.an High...

FOR SAL attend 31.5% ”M ”11'?-

pro- prepaid. J. 11. 1‘10me .Lansing. Mich.
ready for service. 8 l
30 High Ch“ Boar: prices for 30 days. mmi;
of growth, style and finish. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Come or write. J. . Col dwstor. Mich

[.AIGE TYPE l’. Cfmiid‘él’fl‘fil‘; 51.3
sows. Weigh 16) to 175 lbs. at 4 months. My motto-

 

 

 

 

 

"Not how cheap but how ood. " Will ataxia

penses of thosew who come an do no ot fludp
advertise. .E. LIVINGSTON Parma, Mich.

BUILEH’S BIG lYPE POUND-CHIONAS“Z‘§§llc??ni’b

big fall boars at 325133308 ri i 810 tons 815:50 fall '
$5 507981 11‘ P 83' [“85
Jersey bulls M8151“: to“

 

“310.
are the farmer' s friend J.C 5outs-Butler.p8 Portland. Mich? .

 

—8pring and fall i f lrao and
Pound “his” medium style. at. £3 to [.1033 either
318,50? Bouto38.Ln-k odds-s. Mich

-Th P
F0 r saw I BE oroughbred 0! and China Swine.

Prise winnoros “as teand County
Fairs. F. Q.UIBK Blleapids. Michigan.

Poland Chinas‘i’dl". Weill... 1.. 33'“
L. W. BABNES‘ SON Byron. Shin pWamoOo..l

PolANll cnmAsfsllgfiszgzl'rl’a ”:3:

PD LONG R No d Rapids. ich

OB BBALE—Polsnd Chinsboars d H l i
F bulls. White Holland Turkeys .fiargg‘Plfmfitg

kalool ie Pups. L. Birkenstock. Fall River. Wis.

Pgland China—Bred from large type. Stock
prices. W. J. HAGELISKNWM Augxsx, ’35:}le
NLANB CllNASfii'si."rlii°5§£$nél§1§3
pairs not skin. .0? Michigan.

SPEclil 3111 addresses semen
horn Bull Calves. ROBE NEVE. Pierson. Mich.

sired b
9.32 Ti“... sarcasm-1mm ’

Three Exlra Bond FallP 1:. Boats

By Next In Line. 32 spri male ran to i.
I ship 0. O. D. and dfurni§1 M13113: pmgptlyfh
you want good as the best. write me for prices. ‘

WM. WAFFLE, Goldwater. Michigan.
Mllllflol ":gf—Btock olfaiilll ages for sale PriceF ri t.
at Lima. ECLO W. Ada. Hardin 00.. Ohio.
URE bred lar IMPROVED YORKSHI Elli?!
A

dbgzh eexoge afiiages'n Gilts bred Eggr Magohp
an ay Midi ““1
OWIL‘SON. Money.Mioh'

Lillie Farmstead Yorkshlms.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boers old a for service. 'A few bred Bows.
Fiall Pigs, gain anfitxioflnpt akliin. I will 531‘ £11 fall
D 89 B D 08! on so you
guaranteed. 0. units. Coopersvillo. Mid.

 

largo luprmd lorlsll 530%“.1’3’21 “‘° N

reasonable. AddressW.H._Pa1-ker. Grand ulfilsnapm Mich.

 

sch. oioe lot of ilts.
E0..P ANDREWS Dansvillo. InghamOo ch.l

rr. Michigan. .

rop bucks at $1000 60.15: 6 re . E

 

 

 

 

 


  

    
   
  

 

    
   
  
   
     

’oz. of Fowler’s solution, a tablespoonful use of one quarter of the udder; soon

‘DEc.23.1911-.’ THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘

._ , . . t of
" —' .- allon of water and washing out cow dence there. Mr. Gelvin is presiden
Anaemia—Isideigeiztégg flxknggs uslzg (giaily, will kill the germ. Give 40 drops one of the best banks in that part of th:
have beein 2nd prescriptions taken from of carbolic acid well diluted in either country, and is owner of 3,0010 acres Os
your adv cii‘armer and have tried 81V- feed ‘ or water once a day. The hull valuable land. He said. Ch efirlciasont
Michigan ux vomlca ginger, gentian and Should be treated much the same as for the decreased feeding are hg cos
Lgfieltmlbfilatnhe ‘does nht gain much. He is cows. If you have contagious abortion of feeders, prospectively dear cost of corn

'13 years old, fed corn, oats. wheat bran in your herd, you will find it troublesome and hay and fatal diseases thinning the

ranks of hogs as not seen in that country
The scourge is sweeping whole
The cattle I had

and some roots, but_h8 to get rid of. ‘
332s Egghglsg. His bowels are costlve. Chronic Garget—Infected Udder.——In in years.
his appetite for water is irregular. he The Farmer of Nov. 25, s. H., of Luding- herds out of existence.

. leans head against maneer and stands ton. Mich. described a case of garset here today would not have been shipped

exactly similar to one of our own. Some for several weeks had not disease w1petl
years ago a valuable Jersey cow lost the out the hogs that were following them.
f I Most farmers are retainingfitliieir tgllmid
' 1t and tWO tablespoonfuls 0 after freshening an obstruction appeared cattle on the farm and con nng er
ggmtxgegf gfiarcoal at a dose in 31'0““ in one teat which our best Vets. failed to shipments in the stocker and feeder line
feed three times a day. His liver is remove, but the next time she freshened to the poorer kinds, so that country buy-
Derhaps not “ting very we‘l' theremg this quarter came all right. A year ago ers of either good stock steers or good
if you Will give 30 grs. 0f calomel an last season, she was troubled all sum- feeders find it no easy matter to obtain
1 oz. bicarbonate soda at a dose three mer as S- H. describes and was treated such cattle, while such as are taken com-
times a week for two weeks' it wm hep by applying hot salt and water to the mand pretty stiff prices. Most buyers
him. ir inflamed part of udder after each milk- in the Chicago market show ‘a market;

Teething—Worms.—-I purchased adpat ing. This spring 500” after She came preference for well-bred weighty feeders,
of three-year-Old fillies that seemfh iv? fresh she was given a teaspoonful of the but these are apt to be held at higher
be in 300d health, but they are not r f fluid extract of poke root three mornings prices than buyers care to pay.

1118- L- Kw gesperla. Mich—Some 0- in succession, then none given for three Edward Merritt, of Kansas, knows of
the caps or grinder teeth may birémg- mornings, until nine portions were giv— no cattle that will be fed this winter in
faring With ma'sucatfilm dand geqllhey are 911- AbOUt tWO weeks after this was re“ his section of the country, whereas a
tracting. This Is easlsz girlie GSiVe a. tea- peated, 5116 began giving a heavy fiOW 0f year ago some 20 loads were fed in a
the milk or tempmgxy fehate iron two milk, has kept it up all season and has district covering about five miles square.
spoonful ptiwdelre ndsu pentian and one not once shown a symptom 0f garget. Hay is scarce and high, while the corn
tablespoonfuds ngurzguvomigca at a dose in Let me say it is 110i best t0 giVe large crop was a poor one, running only 20 ,to
dram grout; lt three times a day. doses 0‘. D0k0 Tom at this season or the 30 bushels to the acre. Hog cholera made
feed to eac CO d 1 year, Inn in the spring and summer it a clean sweep in the southwestern corner
Cracked Heel—Scratches.———I aim liege): will do to give fairly large doses- In the of Brown county, and the western half
interested in reading the veher “a? and meantime when any part Of the udder 33 of the county does not have one-twentieth
partment 0f the Michigan?) fill“: treat- inflamed, I advise dalrymen to use 3- as many hogs as were fed a year ago.
WOUId like to know morea on 11 strong salt solution and rub well in; . ‘ . - l: k
for scratches. E. M. C., Ster ng. Clay, Robinson & Company 5 Live S oc
ment h 1 is an inflammathIl furthermore, be sure and secure the poke report has the following- “There are
M‘Ch-_Cra0ked ees - eat root from a reliable drugglst, for much of '
f th lands of skin, both 011 and SW fewer sheep and lambs in Idaho than any
0 e g th skin is inflamed the it is not reliable. J. F. C., Cressey, Mich. time during the past ten years" remark-
gl.ands._ XYhen tfirown out by nature Phytolacca (poke) is a cardiac and res- ed Mr Bicknell of the well-known sheep
(my ms" argfiently the skin is not Nb?" piratory depressant, producing often 8’ firm of Bicknell & Gemmell Idaho There
ceases, coinsietq cracks Later these sores bad effect upon the spinal cord. It is also is also a decrease of 40 per centdn the
cated an ' 'b t ria r microbic somewhat narcotic and alterative in its - _
become infested With ac e .0 . Wyoming and Montana flocks, as com
arasitlc life' these parasites multiply effect, but it promotes the absorption of pared with four years ago. Liquidation
ordp kee up irritation. When the anl- fatty tissue. Its chief use is in the treat- in the Dakotas has also been very heavy.
firllal moses the wounds open and. of merit of mammitis (garget) in arresting Several causes for the big reduction in
course are slow to heal. Many pre- the inflammation and preventing sup- the. northwest range flocks have been at
scriptions for the treatment of scratches puratlon. It should be applied locally work for the past four years. Severe
are altogether too irritating and caustic and given inwardly. I have used it in losses in the winter and spring months,
i ffect. Feed less grain, more my practice for more than 30 years in ‘ - - -
in the r e 1 lb contraction of the range ineldental to the
bran mashes and roots. Dissolve A d the treatment of inflamed bags and be- encroachment of settlers the higher cost
sugar 0f lead, 3 OZS- sulphate Of zinc “tn lieve it is one of the best known reme- of ranging an unstable wool market and
2 025. carbouo acid in a gallon of W}? 9“ dies for this ailment. I have obtained refusal on' the part of many bankers to
and apply to sore heels two or tt $.an best results by giving large doses and renew sheep paper are among the most
times a. day. It ls needless for me'irfci asl soon discontinue its use. I thank you potent reasons for the big decrease in
that 'wet and filufl arraecfihg £2,318” p kindly for your interesting letter.—Ed. western range sheep holdings. I have
exciting causes 0 C 1 M horse had Eczema—My h0g3 must itch for they just received word from a well-posted
’ Chronic Cracked H69 S"— g I thought rub themselves almost constantly, but I fiockmaster in the southwest to the ef-
cracked heels last $131138;C 3135 heels are fail to find any lice. The skin appears feet that there is an unusually big num-
he had been cufiedvagrt Mich —Apply rough and scurvy like wherever they ber of fat yearlings and sheep in Arizona,
again sore. fine art oxide. of zinc rub. C. K., Bay City, Mich—Apply one New Mexico, and Texas due to excep-
3:3 gigtngltghvgsellne {’0 sore heels twice par: subnliitrats iott‘hbismuth and eight tionally favorable rarbgc conditions for
pars vase ne 0 c y parts of bod two some time of late. wners are n no
a day. J ' t—Fractured Hock.——Elght 01' three times a week. y mood to send their stock to market with
Open Orlxrlly mare was kicked, making Catarrh—VVorms.~—I have 128 two-year- prices on the prevailing low level. Un—
weeksmanglgs in hock which have not heal- old Idaho ewes that have a discharge less there is quite a boost in rates, the
t3") vShe has held her foot off floor ever from nose, cough some and are not thriv- great bulk of the stock will be held over
e. e and a stringy fluid runs from the ing. I Opened one that died and found this winter and sheared.”
smcnds D. D., Prescott. Mich—The quite a few worms in stomach and bow-
§§§es {nay be fractured and the Joint 13 els. These sheep seem to be quite weak.
no doubt open. This is a case that re- D. E. E., Bellevue, Mich.—'—Mix together
quires the attention of a veterinarian. equal parts ground ginger, gentian, cin-
for I am inclined to believe that she 15 chona, powdered sulphate iron and salt
incurable. . hi and give each sheep one-third Of a tea— feeder nor breeder, contrary to one’s us-
I-Iide-bound—Knuckllng—Enlarged ?d n spoonful at a. dose in ground feed twice ual ideas of a Scotch feeden At the age
_1ndigestion.——H?ve adirgage hhlaétsfiehdog; a dhiy. They should be well fed and have of twelve. however, young “Jack" went
0 nd and Ollt 0 CO“ 0 ‘ 300. care. to work for McIntosh Bros:, one of the
hot1 suffer pain. Have a six-m-ontlliIS-Olg PlleS-“I have 3' dog that 15 troubled largest firms of cattle feeders in the
colt that knuckles on fetlock and 35m“ with bleeding piles and our local Vet fails north of Scotland. The winner of the
bunch on shin. I also have it] foqhd¥ge5- to help him. L. T- S" Portland, MlCh-—- herdsman’s modal has been herdsman at
old colt that our Vet. slays rifhfielr teeth. Dissolve 14 113- acetate 0f lead and 2 025- the Iowa station for the last four years,
tion, also trouble with S g of tannic acid in a gallon of water and and it is not at all likely that he will

J. Z., Byron Center. MiCh‘_Have your apply to sores tWice 3' day. chan e 'obs soon if the Ames people have
mare’s “39th exartnvigegabltrslgoonlfiixlgagg Obstructed Teat.—The Michigan Farm- any 53373 in the matter,
floated. Give her of ground fenugreek er has been a welcome visitor to my Fifty-eighf loads of International car-
ground gentian, {infinite of soda at a dose home for many years and we could hard- lot show stEorS sold in the twelfth annual
and two of bicag grease her food supply ly get along Without it. Have a valuable auction at an average of $11.05 per cwt.,
in each feed. {30,5 Apply equal parts Helitem COW that came fresh a few against $7.77 last year, an advance of
and feed some and S'plrits of camphor t0 wee ts ztgo lilting slfiethas 3' small bunch 1“ $3.29 in face of current market basis of
hiSIEéhrirlgdgloecked joint. These applifca- gggthiiagg “be cdoges {36:21:23}; goww Can practically $2.00 advance over this time
dail for 3. SW .' ' " a year ago. The 1911 average stands 39c
tions Shoglfiwge ol'nagliee til'nes a week. Fawell, tMiclhrd—Atpplsg one part ”dine and lower than the record average of $11.44
days, to?” four-year-old ground grain, tlamespa; S a; 10 unch two or thlee established two years ago, but in all was
Feed r¥3ots and cut fodder until his per- necessar wfe d n some cases I find it a phenomenal sale and the hundreds of
soment teeth have grown in. such a); “oh 0 somef surgical work on cattle feeders, traders and packers‘ rep-
mane_ Stomach —Have two colts hcds g’tt ow§ver,ilt thls is necessary resentatives who stood about the sale
Amdlty 011; old that seem to be too yo}! d? tie erA ‘lld’let done by a Vet. ring from the opening to the close of the
eight mont Smg wood. D. C. H., Milan, thréle-lg?ntl)in_ldc 1%, hOf Stomach—My performance agreed that the prices were
“pd 0f gnawthem each two tablespoon- sitionntl obs-w) cgd has chronic dispo- entirely satisfactory to all hands con—
Mlch.——Glalered charcoal, a tablespoonful reatero or; WC; 't He has eaten the cerned.
fuls powde entian and a. tablespoonful of lgiave beel'l wggdegln SS. i manger andi The hog market is showing its usual
Of ggourii guassia at a dose in feed tWO jurious to him U 1%; Ref glucft’mvfi. I; December weakness, which fact should
pouéhgiég tignes a day. , *1/01". colt suffers fifibm 31d]. 31" ‘Cd impress upon breeders and feeders the
(”Mange—The hair seems to be coimhng acidity of Stomach which shofi‘fg g: :3;- desirability of the better distribution of
off around _eyes of all hays Cglhlrfient ff”. ily corrected by giving him 20 grs. bicar- marketing throughout the year.
lieve this is a contaglouff t d .f bonate of soda, a teaspoonful of pow- -——
nearly all my cattle are a e co ' ' art dered charcoal and a teaspoonful of fluid
8., Hudsonville, Mich—Apply one a}; extract of gentian at a dose three times
chinosol and 250 parts water to m BY {1 day. Salt him well, change food and
parts of cattle tw1ce a. day. 1d furnish him a few roots.
of Bowels.—We have an 0 ———-———~
méfegsfhlgfsis in foal which is troubled
with looseness of bowels. We feed hher ____,_
ground corn and oats and timothy tag- Reports from South Dakota state that
I had our druggiSt fill a prescription a the cattle on the ranges are looking ex—

- . - here ~

en from the Michigan Farmer. wsul- ceptionally well When the shortness of Secretary and treasurer’s report; was read
you presoribed glnghegpe‘gatfg‘ubffdshe is grass istaken into consideration. the and submitted, showing that the sece-
phate of_lron, t 1195 West Olive. Mich.— grass being of good Quality. A good tary had taken the matter up of import-
bad agam. ill oonfuls ground ginger, many cattlein the Black Hills region are ing milch goats from a number of coun-
Give two ta ‘35? of powdered sulphate fed on nothing but hay every winter and tries of Europe, but after repeated efforts
a desser stpggnolgnful of salicylic acid and bring extremely good prices by the time had failed to receive the necessary per—
0f:r%1llésao:nf§l cooking soda at a dose they are marketed at Chicago. For the mits to import, both from United States
it tied 5W0 or three times a day. last two seasons it has been a very dry government and the Canadian government
n . ti— Abortion —Will cOWS time in that part of the country. on account of reports of the prevalence

About Infecdiouss abortloh by mating Because of the discriminating buying of foot and mouth disease in Switzerland,
contract theh tseha: the disease? Will that has grown up in the wool market other countries of Continental Europe
With male ittha all.’ and carry the young where manufacturers purchase raw ma- andEngland. And at this present time
cows get_w if cthe have the disease? terlals for the productlon of certain no importations will be permitted.
to maturity r d in ymale or female after specified DI‘OdUCtS, the honest packing There were 94 new registrations of
Can it be cu iracted it? J T S Hud- and bundling of wool becomes an im- milch goats. Twelve new members were
they haven/(13;)? #Contagious' abortion is portant feature and instructions are now added to the 1‘05“?“ The industry With
sonvillet,’ Sting well cows to a diseased being sent out by a wool trade association all the. handicaps. is flourishing nicely.
spread 3’ m diseased cow may infect urging that these faults be mended for A discussmn 0f lhe rules was taken
bull, alsothgrllfss {A cow when first dis- the general good of the trade, as buyers up which resulted .1.“ an amendment to
several 0 ll 'aborts between four and are how suspicious of offerings and are Rule 6 by adding: _ _A buck that is from
eased usughyafter she is bred. The sec- bidding for them upon the ground that a sire and dam eligible to registry may
seven mon hs may carry calf longer and fleeces are not what they appear to be. be registered when satisfactory proof is
0nd 313% S (far she may carry calf full David Gethl. 0f Missouri, Who market- presented to the secretary that sum ani-
31:16 It i: needless for me to say that ed a consignment or ten car loads or cat- mall‘s grgmhvg‘lghgnd others int r t d

diseased and well should be kept 1516 at Chicago on a. recent Monday, is tif th t e es e are
Elsi-t Disinfectants should be used free- (fmefii 01’ ithethlargeSt farmers and St°°k 'Ivlvlhgeexg tlgrélect’ierg hairleseggfefindighoglésflayses
. b a 1_ e er: n e state, having fed at one '

:Y- cagepéfie(htilichlol'sldgersrlgggfiy 3nd pfofio time 1,000 cattle a year, and usually feed- thThe folilowingeglmcer; W105 e telecmd for
111its water or one part carbolic acid mg “0m 60° to 800 “many- He 1'9" Sherensufig llt ' Or-es lm' Wl A'
pad 50 parts water or one part coal tar marked that there are “we" cattle feed- Prgforii‘rancailgn Kiorl1 ’ Cool: avg-mt}? dillti
sainfectant and so'parts water. By dig- in: in northwestern Missouri than at any ‘ g ’ nne a, "

solving 1 dr. permanganate .potash in a time during his thirty-five years' rosi- :frfiftary-treasurer, J. C. Darst, Dayton,

oss-le ed as if weak or tired. C.
$5., Egg-t, Mich.—Give your horse

The feeder of Shamrock II. and Vic-
tor, the two grand champions from the
Iowa State college at the last two Inter-
nationals, was born in Scotland about 30
years ago. His father was neither a

BREEDERS’ MEETINGS.
The seventh annual
American Milch Goat Record Associa-
tion was held in the Pure-Bred Live
Stock Record. building on Exchange ave-
nue, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Illinois,
Tuesday, Dec. 5, 1911, at 2 p. in.
After the usual preliminary work the

meeting of the

LIVE STOCK NOTES.

n

171 555

 

E F F ECT U AL
The most effectual remedy. in use lo:
the cure of ailments of horses and cattle ll

GOMBAULT’S
CAUSTIC BALSAM

Used as a Blister
or Lotion.

     
  
 
      

This preferred remedy is prepared ex-
clusively by]. E. Gombault, ex-Vetermar
Surgeon to the French Government Stu .

As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-
matism. Spralnl, Sore Throat, etc., it
is invaluable.

Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 81.50
per bottle. Sold by dru gists. or sent by ex-
press, charges paid, with ull directions for its
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-
nials.etc. Address

I“ LAWRINGI-WILLIAIB GOIPAIY, Cleveland, Ohio.

 

 

 

 

' Hardy’s Hog House

" '4‘ “It’s Portable.” made of the best
- . Corrugated Galvanized Steel with
. «f, mall-steel frame. Guaranteed.
Protects the Bow: and

., . . .. ~__- Saves the Pin!

A warm, d sanitary, ventilated house. 5 ft. wide. 6 ft.

long and ft. high. Pays for itself every season.
R Write for Bnolal Introductory Prlool

My Hmuhcturln;€o., 303 Union St., Pendloton. Ind.

STALLIONS

A fine lot of

Perchemns and Belgians

with plenty of

Bone, Quality, Style and Action.

Good Ones, the dralty kindiat prices which
defy competition. erto us for parllculnrl.

GEO.W.SOUERS& SONS,

Huntington, Indiana.

DUNHAM’S

PERGHERDNS

Our summer importation, in our estimation

 

the best lot; of horses we have ever had at

Oaklawn. has arrived. Numerous impor-

tant prize-winners are included, then the
high average is the main thing, as every
animal would be a credit in any herd. erio us,

DUNIIAMS, Wayne, Illinois.

 

 

 
      

For the

NEW YEAR

Buy one of

B E L L S ’
DRAFT STALLIONS

Write for Gatalog.

BELL BROS., Wooster, 0hio.
_

100 Head Belgian & Percheron

Stallions and Mares.

Direct from breedjug farms of Belgiun and France.
all high lcluss draft stock with quality and size.
Among them are many European prize-winners.
If you are in the market for a stallion or more it
Will be to your advantage to see our horses and get
our price. e will sell you abetter horse for
less money than anyone else. We uarantee
every horse and back up our guarangee. Don’t
fall to see our stock before you buy. Send for our
catalog and Government Book on the care of hots 3s.

LOESER BROS.. Box 3. ngonlor. Ind.

JACKS and MULES

Raise mules and get rich. 18
Jack and mule farms under
one manaiggement, where can
he seen ’ head fine lar e
lacks, Jennots and mules. $4
to 17 hands high. Good ones.
Stock guaranteed. Write
for prices today. Address

Krekler's Jack Farm

West Elkton. Ohio
Branch Barn—Clinton, Indiana

A. A. PALMER (5' SONS.
BBLDING. MICH.

The Pioneer Percheron Breeders of lithium
offer for sale a. choice lot of black

Percheron Stallions and Mares

All registered and young, Fifty head to select from.
FOR SALE—Just what your boy wants for Christin

 
   
   
     
  

  

 

 

2 Shetland ony horse colts. 1 hi nk dc ’
black. Price 866) each. ‘J. A. Mitter. Sttlockbrvlvtlilgigf3 filixgh.

 

 
 


 

 

; THE DAIRY -_

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.

 

 

 

GROWING A BALANCED RATION ON
THE DAIRY FARM.

 

At the present price of dairy products.
especially butter, the dairyman could, if
he did not have to buy feed, save some
money to buy Christmas presents with,
or pay his taxes in time to save the col—
lector’s fee. But when one has to take
the check which he gets at the cream-
ery and go to the elevator and pay his
feed bill he has not very much left. That
is, he has not as much left as he ought
to have. Feed is too high. If we could
grow all our feed on our own farms we
dairnnen would be more independent and
would have larger bank accounts. Of
course, when we consider the added fer-
tility which we bring to our farms by
purchasing outside fccd, the disadvantage
of securing feeds from_elsewhere is les-
sened. One way to bring up a run—down
farm is to stock it with dairy cws, raise
roughage and buy grain. By buying the
grain to feed the cows, carefully saving
the manure and putting it back onto the
soil. you can increase the available plant
food and the plant producing power of the
land. But it takes capital to do this and
one must have some money at hand, or
credit. But when his land is again in
fairly good condition he hates to go over
to the elevator every time he gets his
creamery check and pay a big feed bill.
What he needs more than any other thing
to increase his independence is to raise
crops that contain a larger per cent of
protein than do the crops grown on the
ordinary dairy farm. When he grows
good crops of common red clover or al—
falfa he will add protein to his roughage.
Now we want corn silage in the ration
because it is our cheapest food and it
adds succulency t0 the ration. But clover
or alfalfa hay and corn silage are bulky.
Besides, these legumes are not rich
enough in protein to balance up the car-
bohydrates of the corn silage; and also
cows will not do well upon these bulky
foods alone but must have in connection
therewith a concentrated food. This con-
centratcd food must be richer in protein
than either corn or oats, the principal
grains which farmers raise in this part of
the country. If you feed clover hay, corn
silage and ground corn and oats you are
feeding an extravagant ration because
you fccd more grain than it is necessary
to get the amount of protein required by
the cow; consequently we have to buy
cottonseed meal, linseed meal or wheat
bran; and there has been so many peo-
ple buying these supplementary feeds
lately that the price is advancing year
after year. They are getting so high that
it takes about all of the dairy proceeds to
buy them.

Now there is one crop that the dairy-
man can raise in Michigan which helps
out in this respect, and that is common
Canada field peas and oats. We are not
after the cats so much because they are
not especially rich in protein although
they are a good dairy food. But we mix
in the oats to help hold the peas up so
that we could cut them with a self—binder.
If we undertake to grow peas alone they
will lodge and lay flat upon the ground
and it is almost impossible to harvest
them, but if we mix peas and oats to—
gether in equal parts by measure and sow
them at the rate of about two bushels, or
two and one-half bushels per acre, we
can raise a crop that will stand up, pro-
viding a good variety of oats with a stiff
straw is used. Then we can harvest
them with a self-binder just as cheaply as
we ca_n an pet or wheat crop. And we
have the machinery at hand to do it
with. “’hat we want to secure is the
pea meal. Pea meal contains over 20 per
cent of digestible protein. If we grow a
crop where the seed is mixed equal parts
of peas and oats by measure, allow this
crop to mature, then harvest, thresh, and
grind it, and feed as a grain ration, giv-
ing each animal as many pounds per day
as she produces pounds of butter-fat in
a week we will have just about as good
a ration as a man can provide for a dairy
cow and it will be a fairly well balanced
ration. The cows will have sufficient
protein so that they can do their best and
the bulky and concentrated parts of the
ration will be mixed in just about the
right proportion. We can grow all of
such a ration on our own farm, and will
not have to go to the elevator .every pay
day to pay a big feed bill. But. the trou-
ble is to get sufficient land to grow
enough peas and oats and clover hay and

 

corn for silage to feed a. good-sized com-
mercial herd. I never have been able to
do it. I buy commercial fertilizer and
feed the land well to get big crops, but
I have never yet succeeded in growing
enough to make it unnecessary to buy
outside feed. It takes a wonderful lot of
clover hay and corn silage and peas and
oats to feed a herd of fifty cows and the
necessary young stock. Sometimes I think
it would pay better to cut down the
herd to suit the grain ration which can
be produced upon the farm, but if you do
that you have some waste roughage pro-
ducts. like pea and oats straw, and per-
haps some shredded corn fodder to get
rid of. If I could only find a way of in-
creasing lhe yield of peas and oats it
would solve the problem.

“ADULTERATED BUTTER" ACT MAY

BE REPEALED.

The Chicago Butter and Egg Board and
the National Creamery Buttermakers'
Association have passed resolutions in
favor of amending the moisture tax law.
If these movements are given the proper
support of the dairy interests it will re-
sult in an elimination of much of the
present injustice in the administration of
the so-called "Adulterated Butter Act.”

The Chicago Butter and Egg Board,
whose representatives had a conference
recently with the Commissioner of In—
ternal Revenue at Washington, D. C., has
requested that the moisture law be
amended by repealing that portion of the
law which imposes heavy fines on gro-
cers, wholesale merchants, and others
found to have sold butter containing an
abnormal quantity of moisture. This
amendment means more to the small
dairyman than at first glance appears to
be the case.

Dairymen who have been unfortunate
enough to have their butter seized by
revenue officers and declared adulterated,
unite in testifying that their troubles did
not end when they had satisfied the de-
mands of the government. The grocers,
in whose possession the butter was found,
quite naturally blacklisted the butter in
question and the dairyman found his
markets about ruined.

 

Of course, the large creameries who
contract their entire output to wholesal-
ers do not have much difficulty in re~es-
tablishing their trade. But the small
dairymen and farmers who sell direct to
the retailers have felt keenly the injus-
tice of that part of the law.

No one has ever come forward to de-
fend the practice of assessing a tax on
dealers who have sold butter containing
too much water. There is no defense.
No grocer ever did so knowingly. It is
impossible for him to test every lot of
butter received. In fact, the government
practically admitted it was wrong when,
in the fall of 1910, the Commissioner of
Internal Revenue issued confidential in-
structions to his agents that dealers were
to be overlooked. The law was not re-
pealed, but it has not been so severely
enforced of late.

If the law is amended so as to exempt
dealers, then the grocers will never have
occasion to boycott the butter of any
dairy that has oil'ended the government
by incorporating too much water in its
product.

The National Creamery Buttermakers'
Association, in addition to asking the re-
peal of that portion of the law placing a
tax on dealers, has also placed itself on
record as favoring the repeal of the ten
cent tax on the product of a dairy when
occasional lots are found to exceed the
limit of 16 per cent moisture.

This is something that should also be
given the support of the small dairyman.
The injustice of the ten-cent tax is ap-
parent to anyone. The man who makes
beer, or whiskey, or oleomargarlne, knows
he is making a taxable product and he
willingly pays his taxes. But no one is
engaged in the business of making "adul—
terated butter.” When it is made it is
either through error, ignorance, or a de-
liberate attempt to defraud, and should,
therefore, come under the pure food de-
partment.

The butter inspection work should be
placed with the proper department. The
Internal Revenue Bureau exists for the
purpose of collecting taxes on businesses.
There is no such business as ‘Manufac—
turer of Adulterated Butter.” Butter
inspection clearly comes under the pure
food department.

L. L. DE BRA.

 

 

By clipping the hair from the flanks
and thighs of the cow and cutting off the
switch just below the bone it will be
easier to keep her clean.

 

pale. as, 1911: ,

      
   

Startling Slo Sensation!
New Saginaw Feature

Anchoring the base of stave silos as the giant roots
anchOr for centuries the great oak—the final step in making
complete the stave‘ silo.

Eventually all silo users will recognize the perfect
keeping qualities of the stave silo; and to overcome
, the last objection, the fear of the stave silo
blowing down, and to make an even better and
stronger silo, we have been eagerly searching

p for new ideas.

Man years ago we devel-
oped the Sagmaw AllcSteel Door Frame,
adding convenience, solidity and great

strength to the entire structure. '
The same enterprise, together with keen foresight,
developed in 1911, the

Saginaw Inner Anchorin‘g lloop

_ one of the great successes in modern silo construction.
“ And w—1912-with all wondering what possibly
_ , could be added to the Saginaw Silo..our engineering
Licensed under department has created and proved through exhaustive

PM“ “"3 tests, a device wonderfully effective and mull-my
simple in design and combuction, and like all great inventions, “It’s a wondq'
it wasn’t thought of before.” This invention will be known to the world an

The Saginaw Base Anchor

Like all important silo improvements, you get the Base Anchor only in
the Saginaw. Write us about this wonderful improvement, and with our
reply we will send you your copy of the Saginaw Silo Book FREE. Write
us or simply drop a postal today to the factory nearest you.

Saginaw Dc. Maine: ‘ Minneapolis Cairo
Mich. Iowa Minn. Ill.

To make Silos right. big modern factories are required. Our four large factories.
equipped with s cially designed machinery. are kept busy supplying the demand for
Saginaw Silos. e invite you to visit any of our factories: or, upon request. we will mail
you a Book showing dozens of interesting views of our plants. It you see where and how
the Saginaw Silo is made. you’ll buy a Saginaw. (34)

 

   
  
 
 
 
 
  

 

 

*f‘m '

 

Wings

n. 4W—

  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 

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RIFLES

There are many makes of hunting
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From the eleven difi'erent models of Winches-

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able calibers from .22 to .50, and in styles and weights to suit
everybody. No matter what Winchester you select, you can
count on its being well made, safe, accurate and reliable.

Winchester guns and Winchester ammunition — the Red W
Brand --are made [or each other and sold everywhere.

 

he

MORE THAN A HILLION WINCHESTERS ARE VIN USE

L

W‘ l ,f“:

  

 

J

 

IF

 

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Learn about my ad-
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This . . -
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act . With uni. Birthstone (diamond excepted) for $2.00. MAIL—81m
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examination of the ring which is worth double amount we IUNE — Purl
ask for it. Givens name of stone wanted, size 0 finger and MY — Rlbv
name and address. of your jeweler. Quality nar- snnm m AUG—Sudan:
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lumen. or was or QUALITY" lacu Rm NOV. —— T
Ourngckeptmrcpur Freemmttcrwhathappmtodlmn. DEG—Tug

 

 

GEO. l. FOX. llllw runs’

A slum Deal. liberal Aummll. Top Prim.

Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you
are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.

162 VI. 281i 8L, In York fill].

 
    
 

 

 

 

 

 


 
  
  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
 
  
  

' DEC. 23. 1911.

TH E BEST cow.

 

It seems to me that the cow contests
being made in several of our sister states
are not operated on the right basis. The
prizes and awards are all given to the
cow producing the most milk or butter-
fat in a week, a month, or in a year. Now
is that cow that will produce the largest
amount of butter-fat or butter or milk
in a given time the best cow? Is not the
cow that makes the greatest profit the
best cow rather than the one that pro—
duces the largest yield. It might be pos-
sible that the cow that produces the
largest yield would also make the great-
est profit, but this we do not know.
Wnere simply the yield is taken into con-
sideration the owner of the cow crowds
her to the limit to make the maximum
yield and does not take into consideration
the profit. He is not after the widest
margin between the receipts and cost of
production. He is out to win the prize.
I do not believe that a test conducted
along this line is for the best interests
of the dairy industry. Of what does it
sufl‘ice if a man has a cow that will pro-
duce 1,000 lbs. of butter in a year but
she makes no profit in doing so. We
practical, every-day dairymen are inter-
ested in the profit which we get out of
feeding the food produced upon our farms,
to our cows. Then again, a cow can be
fed too much grain which may stimulate
her to an abnormal flow of milk for a
given length of time, and one is liable to
do that where he is simply feeding for
yield. But where he takes into considera-
tion the profit, a different question pre-
sents itself. Economical production is the
basis of all dairy improvements, and I
think that the cow tests ought to be car-
ried on along thelines of~the modern co-
operative cow testing associations rather
than for yield alone. The cow that will
take a dollar’s worth of food and make
the most out of it is the one that the
practical dairyman is interested in, not
the cow that will produce a big yield on
an abnormal ration.

Ordinarily, dairymen do not find it
profitable to feed over a pound of grain
for every three or four pounds of milk
which a cow produces, or a pound of
grain per day for every pound of butter—
fat which she produces in a week. A
cow, for instance, that produces 14 lbs.
of butter-fat .in a week would have 14
lbs. of grain a day, if she only produced
10 lbs. of butter-fat in a week she
would only get 10 lbs. of grain each day.
That is about as high as you can go
with a grain ration if you want to make
the greatest profit, but where these cows
are put in a test with but the purpose of
high production considered, they are fed
abnormally. Some of them are fed as
high as 20, 30, 35 and 40 lbs. of grain a
day, and they are pampered and encour-
aged to eat grain to the exclusion of
roughage in order to produce an abnormal
amount of milk. Now this, I think, all
will agree is not good for the cow. I
don’t believe it is good for her progeny.
I would hesitate about buying a bull calf
from a cow that had been fed in this way
for any considerable length of time be-
cause I don’t believe that that bull calf
would be as vigorous or reliable a breed-
er, and I would hesitate also about buy-
ing a heifer calf from a cow that had
been fed in this way. It’s the cow that
can produce, in a normal way, the largest
amount of profit, and that can repeat
year after year, that is the cow for the
dairyman, and I think We ought to work
for this rather than for excessive yields
without taking into consideration the wel—
fare of the cow or the economy of pro-
duction.

IN RAISING COWS.

 

A SUCCESS

 

 

The raising of good dairy cows for
SUDDlying \dairymen who are living near
the large cities and cannot afford to raise
their calves to maturity, is a promising
line of work for one occupying cheap
land.

A young man of my acquaintance who
has lived on a rented farm for the past
six years has furnished a good example
of what business sense, combined with
thrift, can accomplish by raising the
right kind of stock. He began farming
on a 200 acre farm, for which he paid
$350 a year rent, with an equipment con-
sisting of eighteen rather inferior dairy
COWS, six brood mares and barely enough
tools to do g00d work. He managed to
pay his rent promptly, hire what help he
needed, meet his running expenses and
accumulate quite a bunch of stock during
the six years time of his lease. This
month he bought a farm in an adjoining
county and put all of his stock. tools and
crops up at auction sale. The results of

this sale ought' to dispel the illusions of
some of the doubting ' Thomases’ who
claim that this kind of farming don’t pay
here in the east. The results of his sale
prove that stock raising on cheap lands
in the east can be made profitable if the
right man is behind the business. At his
sale 10 horses and seven yearling and six-
‘months-old colts sold for $1,964. Forty-
four dairy cows sold for $2,192. Twelve
young heifers sold for $254 and a flock of
ewes and lambs, about 60 head all told,
for $380. The farm implements, wagons
and equipment about $450, and in addi-
tion to all this he sold 60 tons of hay in
the mow for $14 a ton, or $840, and ex-
pects his potato crop will bring $1,625 at
the car. In addition to all this he re-
served one team, 12 head of pure-bred
swine and a flock of about 100 fowls. Six
thousand dollars worth of stock and crops
from a rented farm in six years from a
beginning of about $1,500 does not show
up very .bad for stock raising in the east.
Of course, it is only fair to admit that
the growing of from 10 to 20 acres of
potatoes was an important factor in this
man's succeSS, however, the cash returns
from the potato crop were used to buy
grain to feed to the stock on the farm
and met the expenses of the business.
This proved to me that stock raising is
one of the best means any young farmer
can practice to get a start towards buy-
ing a farm. A good bunch of stock put
up at auction sale gives a man a bunch
of money at one time. It beats the sav-
ings bank forty ways.
New York. W. MILTON KELLY.

UNHUSKED SWEET CORN IN
RATION.

 

 

Would you please tell me how to make
the best and cheapest ration for dairy
cows, giving about 20 lbs. of milk per
day, from the following feeds: Shredded
corn fodder, oat straw, clover hay and a
quantity of sweet corn out before fully
matured, which I have put in the barn
without husking. For grain I have corn
and oats and can purchase beans at $1.40,
middlings at $1.50, and oil meal, cotton-
seed meal and dried beet pulp. The last
three I do not know the price of but un-

derstand that oil meal is higher than
usuaL
Branch Co. H. S. S.

Dry shocked sweet corn is a good feed
for dairy cows. It is better than ordi—
nary field corn when fed dry because
sweet corn does not get as hard, it will
be more thoroughly masticated and con-
sequently better digested so there will
not be as large a loss as there is in feed-
ing shocked field corn. Then sweet corn-
stalks are sweeter, more palatable, and
the cattle like them better, which goes
a good ways. With a good feed of this
unhusked sweet com a day and a feed
of clover hay I would not think it would
be hardly necessary to feed corn meal in
the ration. I should prefer to feed ground
oats and wheat bran, or ground oats and
oil meal, or ground oats and any feed
that is rich in protein to help balance the
ration. When you feed shredded corn
fodder or oat straw in the place of either
the clover hay or the unhusked sweet
corn you will have to allow a different
grain ration in order to have a well bal-
anced one. For instance, if you feed
shredded corn fodder and oat straw in
place of the clover hay then you would
want a larger proportion of cottonseed
meal, or linseed meal mixed with your
ground cats in order to keep up the
amount of protein in the ration, and if
your sweet corn does not hold out and you
feed clover hay once a day and this
shredded fodder and oat straw takes the
place of the unhusked sweet corn then it
would be best to add ground corn in the
ration. If you would mix 200 lbs. of corn
meal with 200 lbs. of ground oats and 100
lbs. of either cottonseed meal or linseed
meal it would probably add sufficient pro-
tein to make a good profitable ration.
Cottonseed meal and linseed meal are al-
ways high compared with some other
foods, but when we want these foods to
help balance up a ration and look at them
from the standpoint of the digestible pro-
tein which they contain they are not so
dear. For instance, what bran contains
about 12 per cent or 13 per cent of di-
gestible protein while cottonseed meal
contains 35 per cent or 36 per cent. There-
fore, to feed in connection with timothy
hay and shredded corn fodder a ton of
cottonseed meal would be worth as much
as three tons of bran to help balance the
ration. That is, one pound of cottonseed
meal in the grain ration would be equiva-
lent to three pounds of bran. Thus con-
sidered, the price does not seem so high.

I believe the best rule for feeding dairy
cows a grain ration is to mix the grains
to properly supplement the roughage to
give a balanced ration, and then ' feed
each cow as many pounds of this grain

THE MICHIGAN FARMER.

per day as she produces pounds of butter
fat in a week. I do not believe that We
can find any more rational rule than this
to guide us in feeding dairy cows.

As you haVe no succulent food in this_

ration I think it would be a good plan to
feed dried beet pulp. Moisten it a few
hours before feeding, and mix it with the
other grain at the time of feeding. Or
You could feed each cow the same amount
of moistened beet pulp, using it as a kind
of basic ration, say feed about four
pounds to each cow and then feed the bal-
ance of the grain ration corn meal, oats
and cottonseed meal upon it. Beet pulp
used in this Way will give excellent re-
sults on account of its succulency.

TOO LITTLE PROTEIN IN RATION.—
CEMENT GUTTERS.

' I would like to ask Colon C. Lillie what
Is the matter with my cows. I am feed-
ing them shredded cornstalks in the
morning and at noon timothy hay, at
night cornstalks again for roughage. The
grain ration is sugar beets, oats and corn
grown with the cob, in the morning and
also at. night: they seem to be falling off
With the milk. I have a new cow barn
and made my gutter too small. It is six
inches deep and one foot wide. Do you
think I could cut four inches off from the
Side and not hurt the gutter or cement?
I could sell my timothy hay and buy
clover but can not buy clover very well.

Bay Co. S. W.

With only shredded corn fodder and
timothy hay for roughage and corn and
oats for a grain ration, I think the cows
are not getting a sufficient amount of pro-
tein to produce the maximum flow of
milk. Sugar beets are an excellent addi-
tion to the ration for their sueculency,
but they, too, are deficient in protein,
which makes the whole ration an unbal-
anced one. I would recommend that you
add either cottonseed meal, oil meal, or
gluten feed to this ration. I would say,

 

mix the ration in the proportion of 200'

lbs. of corn and cob meal, 200 lbs. of
ground oats and 100 lbs. of either cotton-
seed meal or linseed meal. Feed the cows
as many pounds of grain per day as they
produce pounds of butter-fat in a week.
Or you could feed a pound of grain for
every three pounds of milk which they
produce a day.

W'ith a gutter six inches deep and one
foot wide, I hardly think it would pay to
go to work and chisel off six inches more
of a good cement fioor. Of course, it
can be done by taking the time and you
can make a good floor, although I don’t
think quite so good a one as you have
now; but it seems to me that a gutter a
foot wide and six inches deep is a fair
sized gutter. I know of a great many
dairymen who would consider this gutter
amply large enough.

If you can buy clover hay I think you
could make money by selling your tim-
othy hay at the present market price and
buying clover, but as you say, there is
little opportunity to get clover hay, con-
sequently you will probably have to feed
the timothy and you can make a good
ration if you will only add a feed rich in
protein in the grain ration to balance
it up.

WILL IT PAY TO —I;EE_D—COTTONSEED
MEAL?

 

In dairy farming. does cottonseed meal
added to corn and oats ground together,
produce a larger flow of milk than corn
and oats alone?

Livingston CO. G. B.

Whether it will pay to feed cottonseed
meal in connection with ground corn and
oats depends entirely upon the roughage
part of the ration. If you have got clover
hay or alfalfa for the roughage then I
should say that you wuld not need cot-
tonsced meal, or only a very little of it
anyway. But if you have timothy hay
and corn fodder and straw then I believe
it would pay to mix cottonseed meal with
the ground corn and oats. In other
words, if your cows are not getting suffi—
cient protein now to balance up the car-
bohydrates of the ration then they should
have cottonseed meal or linseed oil meal
or some other feed rich in protein to bal—
ance up this ration. But whether or not
they are getting sufficient protein all de-
pends upon the roughage that you are
feeding. In order to get a balanced ra-
tion with ground corn and oats you would
have to have a roughage of almost en-
tirely clover hay or alfalfa hay, other-
wise it would pay to feed cottonseed
meal.

 

Searchlight on Some American Indus-
tries, by James C. Mills. This book is
pre-eminently a Michigan book as it deals
with the sugar industry, also the lumber.

salt, leather, rubber and paper indus-
tries, about which everyone is more or
less concerned. It is fully illustrated.

contains 300 pages, is bound in cloth and
can be secured through the Michigan

. <9) ' 557
Take Any Kind of a Trial
You ,Wa’nt—On Any

Great Western
Cream Separator

/ We will arrange tolet you have a Great
Western Cream Separator on any
kind of a. trial you want. Test the Great Western side
by side with any other separator. Try them both
on any kind of milk—warm, cold or stale. See how
much better the Great Western is in ever
Then decide. We know that the Great
beats them all. Comparison will proveit to you. You
are safe in trying or buying a Great Western. Our

5 Year Guarantee

protects you absolutely. Write us. Let us send

. . you our book so on can read
up on butter at facts and
cream separator profits.
Read about the man fea-
tures that make the rent
Western pay enough more
than any other separator
to pay for itself quick. $5.00
to 015.00 more on each cow
every year. You should in-
vestigate now even if you
have a. separator.

M..- Our Book
FREEm

methods of separating—
—gives results of extensive
experiments and proves
reat Western supe-
riority in many ways.
Mall ostal now—don‘t
decl e on any machine
till our book comes.

ROCK ISLAND PLOW CO.
288C Second Ave. Rock IslandJll.

  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
   
    
   
 

 

 

 

SE P AiR-A, 0R5

are as much superior to other sep-
arators as other separators are to‘
gravity setting methods. Why go
but “ half-way ” when buying a.
separator? Why not insure satis-
faction by getting a DE LAVAL ?

THE DE IAVAI SEPARATUII 00.

165467 BROADWAY, 29 E. MADISON ST.
NEW YORK. CHICAGO.

DOUBLE THE MILK

The flow of milk is greatly increased
and often doubled by adding

“FARMER BRAND”
COTTON SEED MEAL

to the ration. A remarkable feed. Just what
the animal system needs. Six times more valu-
able than corn. Costs less. Contains 55%
Protein and Fat. Far Superior to Linseed
Meal or Gluten Feed. One trial will convince
you and make you a permanent user.

Price $31.00 ton f. o. b. Detroit, Jackson,
Owosso, or Kalamazoo. Michigan. Can you
make up a car among your neighbors? Write
for carload prices.

“Feed Facts” a valuable book on feeds and
feeding, free for the asking

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ionl. I. '"Ilgifiln'sfluf°""fii‘nln nIcII.
Have You Plenly of Feed,

enough to last you until next summer? Whether
you have or not ll will pay you to feed

Dried Beel Pulp.

Your stock will do better if beet pulp forms a.
part of their ration. This is not “hot air.” try it,
and prove it for yourself. You cannol lose by
doing so but you will undoubtedly profit thereby,

It takes the place of bran, gives better results,
and is cheaper. Especially good for dairy cows.
Dried Beet l’ulp is used by the best dairyman.
Don’t be afraid to feed it because your grand-
father didn’t use it. he probably never heard of it.

Ask your dealer. If he does not keep it write to

T. F. MARSTON, Sales Agent for the Sugar Co.
Address Box D. Bay City. Mich.

3 000 000
llll. u“ :s s 1 ,
lll

 

Will be saved this winter to the
15,000 users of Indiana Silos. Are
'- you getting your share? There
. is another winter coming. Our
boo} saloomon are the 15,000
Indiana Silos now in use.

SILO PROFIT

Written by over two hundred of the best breeders.
feeders and farmers in the world. “Tells how they
greatly increased their profits.” ewm. for lhlo
valuable book and our new 9“an. now—FREE.
Licensed under Harder Patent No. 627,732.

INDIANA SILO COMPANY
The largest manufacturers of Silos in the world.
Address nearest factor :
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NIH “I'll...

 

 

 

 
  

 

Farmer offices at $1.50 per.volume. Pub-
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for catalog and prices.
WM. H. PRAY, Verbank.N .Y

  

  


V558

POULTRY

LWMM

VITALITY IN BREEDING STOCK.

Haphazard selection of the breeding
stock is often directly responsible for
poor results in hatching. Unless the
breeders have vitality we cannot expect
them to produce chicks which will live
and thrive.

Inbreeding should never be practiced
whenever possible to avoid doing so. By
inbreeding we lower the vitality of the
offspring and make them easily suscep-
tible to disease. Line breeding, if sys-
tematically carried on, will produce good
results, but one must exercise extreme
caution. Unless one has had considerable
experience in mating fowls line breeding
should not be attempted. Outcrossing
will produce better results, especially for
beginners. New blood can more easily
be introduced through the male side. By
procuring a cockerel or cook} bird the
farmer can get good results from mating
with his own females. One must have
the assurance, however, that the male
bird procured from outside possesses
health and vigor, and that he has at no
time been infected with disease. Fowls
that have had roup have a tendency to
transmit the disease to their offspring.

Under no consideration select fowls for
breeding purposes that have had a set-
back at some time or other during their
growing period—that have failed to de-
velop naturally and steadily from the
time of hatching until full maturity has
been reached. It often happens that
chicks will stand still for a few weeks
but, by forcing them later with extra
feed, they sometimes develop into full-
sized fowls. Such are all right for the
production of market eggs but must not
be used in the breeding pen. They are
lacking in vitality to some extent. and
this is apt to show in the offspring.
,Chicks that fail to develop steadily should
be punch marked so they can easily be
distinguished when the time for selecting
breeding stock arrives.

Breeding stock must have the best of
care but must not be pampered. Rough-
ing it to a certain extent will do them no
harm as it all makes for health and vigor,
and this we must have if we expect
them to produce hatchable eggs—«eggs
that will hatch vigorous, livable chicks.

Keep the breeders busy. Make them
exercise. Idleness is not conducive to a
high percentage of fertile eggs. Throw
all whole grain in the litter and make
them work for it. Do not overfeed but,
at the same time, give them enough.
They should be hungry enough to be on
the lookout for food when feeding time
arrives. If they seem disinclined to
scratch in the litter the greater part of
the day, scatter coarse beef scrap on the
floor. This will induce exercise when
nothing else will.

Indiana.

(10)

 

 

0. E. HACHMAN.

 

 

THE INCUBATOR AS AN AID IN

CREASING PRODUCTION.

IN-

 

Many poultry farmers do not attempt
winter hatching, but if you have the
proper facilities raising chickens in win-
ter is a very profitable branch of the
work and one subject to little competi-
tion. After the hens are through moult-
ing and have begun the next season’s egg
campaign, their eggs are at their highest
vital lty. I‘Vith forcing, the winter hatch-
ed chicks can be brought to a marketable
size in a remarkably short time and will
secure for you the prices that an under-
supplied market always makes.

Vi'hiie there are few farms equipped
with such facilities, it might furnish good
employment and piofit to the farmer
during the months of comparative Idle-
ness, and the expense need not run into

the thousands or hundreds either. Re-
member when securing your equip-
ment that you don’t market it, so be

economical and reap the larger profit.

If you start hatching in the spring, let
it be early. March 1 being none too early
to pull on” a hatch. In all my incubator
experience my March hatches haVe been
the winners. Another thing, you usually
have more time than later in the season,
and if the weather is cold the chicks be-
come so hardy that you mm hardly kill
them with a club.

Loss Through Remlosness.

I cannot help feeling strongly on this
subject. With the natural advantages
that the farm presents for egg and fowl
production, I feel that the farmer is los-
ing a big bunch of easy money every

‘year through lack of sufficient flocks. In

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

a majority of cases it is caused by the
remissness of the .old lien in providing
the families. It is a sort of limited “race
suicide,” which can only be remedied by
the incubator route.

‘ To those who don’t employ them and

yet wish to raise chicks, I would say,
get one and give it a. fair trial. It is
easy to condemn what we don’t. under-
stand, to say that we don’t believe in it,
and to find apparent proof of our belief,
which reminds me of something I wit-
nessed in a local “picture show" not a
thousand years ago.

In a seat ahead of me sat a very opin-
ionated old gentleman who contended
that there was no such thing as a mov-
ing picture, and that the things were
real: that it was all done to fool gullible
people and, incidentally, get their money.
This evening his family had gotten him,
by hook or by crook, to come to a per-
tormance. The old fellow watched the
moving pictures without committing him-
self, up to the vaudeville act. This hap-
pened to be an act in which one of the
actors, or rather “aeters,” threw his
headpiece into the crowd, which head-
piece, in this instance, hit the old man.
He turned in triumph to his mistaken (1’)
family with a "Huh, didn’t I tell you
That hat a picture, eh! Didn't I tell you
they were real folks?” Now this man
will never be convinced that he didn't
“show up” moving pictures. In like man—
ner the incubator has been knocked, ridi-
culed, sometimes, I fear, cursed, but it
has kept right on hatching chickens.

A Word to Beginners.

A few suggestions to those who con-
template trying an incubator for the first.
time this winter may not be out of place
here. In the first place, be sure to get
a good incubator. If you know someone
who has had success with one, buy one
like it. Learn all you can about running
it, that is, all he will tell you and that
will be considerable, as these poultry
keepers are'a garrulous lot. Get your
machine and put it together. Study it
until you learn it by heart. Try it out
while empty, putting your thermometer
in different places on the trays to see if
there is any variation.

Vi’hcn you get things right, make sure
that your thermometer is correct. It may
have been recommended as tested and
correct, and probably is, but make sure of
it; test it by the side of your successful
neighbors. An unreliable thermometer

has spoiled many a good tray of eggs.

' middlings,

paring the ration is that of cooking the-
beans thoroughly and mixing them with
corn meal. The beans are cooked to;a

thick soup and then is stirred in all the _

corn meal that can be gotten into it.

I seem to get best results from feeding
this ration once a day and giving, twice
a day, a ration of whole grain, consisting
of wheat, oats, corn and buckwheat ,well
miXed.

Ottawa Co.

FEEDING FOR EGGS.

Unless all the elements for the forma-
tion of eggs are put into the hen’s body
she cannot be expected to lay well. If
the supply is stinted, or if unsuitable
foods are given, eggs probably will be
conspicuous by their absence. It is my
practice to give a warm mash the first
thing in the morning, while in the after-
noon hard grain is better. When the
crops and intestines are empty, an easily
and quickly assimilated food is needed,
while in the afternoon food that requires
a longer time to digest may be given. A
suitable ration for morning use consists
of the following: Three parts barley
meal, two parts toppings (also known as
pollard, sharps, seconds and
thirds, two parts bran, one part pea or
bran meal, one part corn meal, and half
a part of meat. A simpler mixture con-
sists of one part toppings and two parts
barley meal, but I think it, is worth while
going to the extra labor of preparing a
rather more elaborate ration. For after-
noon feeding wheat and barley are the
most suitable grains, with the addition
of a very little corn during severe
weather.

Other In the Diet.

Green food is naturally scarce during
the winter months, but, whether the fowls
are kept in confinement or are allowed
their liberty, it is very beneficial to sup-
ply them with this necessary item. Un-
less the hens receive a liberal quantity
of green stuff they are unlikely to lay
well. and they are much more liable to
become unhealthy. The effect of green
food is to keep the blood cool and the
internal organs in good working order.
If ordinary green food is scarce a substi-
tute should be provided, and I know of
nothing better than steamed cloverchaff.
It should be steamed for several hours
and then mixed with the morning mash.
A mangold or turnip, cut in halves and

N. B. SPENCER.

 

Items

 

The

Incubator Afford: the only Means of Materially Increasing the Output of

Poultry and Poultry Products at any Season of the Year.

This is something that incubator makers
ought to be very careful about, and they
usually are, but one gets broken some-
how and then we are sometimes tempted
to buy a cheap one.

The location of the machine is another
very important factor in the successful
operation of the incubator. The cellar is
used by many. As a whole, I do not think
the average cellar suitable; yours may
be, but how about the other fellow’s?
A cellar is usually too damp and poorly
ventilated. The latter point must always
be considered, for poor ventilation spells
poor hatches. The spare room, prefer-
ably a north one, makes a good location.

Isabella Co. Wu. J. Coopna.

FEEDING CULL BEANS TO HENS,

 

 

In the December 9 issue of the Michi-
gan Farmer W. J. L., of Sanilac county,
asks for suggestions regarding the use of
cull beans upon the farm. I have found
that cull beans make a very desirable
addition to the ration that I feed to lay—
ing hens. The method followed in pre-

suspended from the roof of the house,
just out of reach of the fowls, affords a
good deal of amusement and helps main-
tain them in fit condition.

It is by no means always easy to pre-
vent laying hens from adding flesh dur-
ing the winter, but strenuous efforts
should be made to keep them in a lean
state, for fat hens are rarely profitable.
Not only is the egg supply reduced, but
there is usually a larger proportion of in-
fertile eggs. Cover the floor of the
scratching pen to the depth of four or
five inches with chaff or straw, and throw
the grain Into this. It is remarkable how
soon they discover that if they do not
work hard they have to go hungry. On
wet or very cold days, when the fowls
cannot get out of doors, only half the
usual quantity of mash should be given
in the morning, following it about 8:30
or 9 a. m. with grain scattered in the lit-
ter. This keeps the hens busy until time
for the afternoon ration and acts as a
preventive against the contraction of
vices. such as feather picking, or egg
eating.

 

 

 

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70

DEC. 23. 1911.

YVYVVVVYT‘YVYYVYVVVYVY

‘HORTICULTURE

AAAAALAAAAAAAAAALMAAA

ANNUAL MEETING’OF THE STATE
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

(Continued from last week).

Wednesday morning the program was
resumed by the presentation of a paper
on the
, Contr0|iing of Fruit Diseases,"
by Edward Hutchins, of Allegan county.
Mr. Hutchins prefaced his treatment of
the diseases of yellows and little peach
by the statement that if we did not have
to work for what we get we would not
appreciate it. Mr. Hutchins stated that
although the yellows had been very viru-
lent in his locality for twenty years, peach
growing has continued to thrive. The lit-
tle peach has been worse lately than the
yellows, and is not so readily detected, as
other causes may also produce a similar
appearance. Its first symptoms are a
sickly, dryish appearance of the foliage
and the leaves become fiattishi with some
smaller ones on the inside of the tree.
Symptoms of root aphis may be quite
similar. When detected the little peach
trees are cut out, the stumps dug the
following fall and another tree set in the
spring. In Saugatuck township where
the peach yellows were eradicated very
thoroughly several years ago, the disease
has not been very troublesome since, but
is getting in again. The danger of in-
fection from nursery st0ck is not pre-
sumed to be great, as the disease seldom
develops in less than three years from
planting. Infection from pests is ques-
tionable but trees may become infected
in the nursery row. Trees may be re-
planted the next spring after removing
affected trees, with little danger. In
controlling yellows and little peach there
must be a healthy public sentiment, as
well as careful commissioners. In dis-
cussing the subject Mr. Hutchins gave
an opinion that he did not believe the
disease was contagious at the time the
very first symptoms appeared in the tree,
or that there was likely to be a contam-
ination from trees cut and left in the or-
chard for a short time after the leave!-
have dried down. Just when the disease
spreads is not known. Mr. Crane thought
the yellows law should be so amended as
to allow the digging and burning of the
trees to follow later after the cutting,
as the grower could get time. Mr. Far-
rand stated that the law would not allow
inspectors to cut trees for scale unless
they were practically worthless. Mr. Hale
remarked that he had seen two—year-old
peach orchards wiped out with the yel-
lows. On sandy soils the root aphis is
likely to cause considerable trouble. Mr.
Morrill stated that if the aphis tree is
dug up, the hole filled with stable ma—
nure, and this covered with soil and left
until spring, that further trouble will be
prevented.

Five-minute talks by the senior class
in horticulture of the M. A. C. were giv-
en under the direction of Prof. Eustace.
These talks are in competition for prizes
of $15, $10 and $5, offered by the society.

Mr. Bancroft, of Lansing, in his talk
on “Western Methods," described the
handling of the apple business in the
Yakima, Hood River, and Grand Junc-
tion districts. He spoke of the disadvan-
tage of fighting frosts, of irrigation, and
of high freight rates—75 cents against our
25 cents. Thorough culture is given, al-
falfa being a common cover crop. The
trees are opened up to admit light and
ladders. They thin heavily, prune heav-
ily, and spray thoroughly. The box is
used almost entirely. One man, after
traveling 23,000 miles looking for orchard
propositions invested in Michigan.

Mr.-Branch’s talk was along the line of
supplementary employment that can be
combined with fruit—growing to advantage
and profit. He suggested poultry and bee
keeping as adjuncts to the fruit business.
Poultry work comes when the fruit work
eases up, they destroy curculio, and fur—
nish fertilizer. The importance of bees
to fruit growing is well known.

Mr. Chrysler spoke of the apple scab,
explaining it from a diagram. It was
shown to be a minute plant which works
upon both leaf and apple. It first causes
raised spots on the lower side of the
leaves, which later turn darker. It may
crack the epidermis and allow rot spores
to enter. A cool, moist season is most
favorable for the development of scab.

Mr. De Graf gave the history and de-
scription of the San Jose scale, stating
that it originated in New Jersey in 1893.
There are about four generations per
year and if there were none destroyed

 

AAA;

 

 

 

one scale would breed several million in

a year. Lime-sulphur is the chief remedy
used. ' '
Mr. Edson, in speaking of the pear

blight, told of the three forms the dis-
ease takes, namely, twig or fire blight,
limb canker, and body canker. Abouc
one-third of these live during winter.
Bees get in the sticky liquid exuded and
infect other trees through the blossoms.
This causes the twigs to die back, caus-
ing the twig blight form. This should be
cut back a foot below the infection, and
the stub disinfected with a one to one
thousand solution of corrosive sublimate,
and covered with tar or paint.

*Mr. Gardner spoke of the life history
of the codling moth. It is a native of
Asia, and spends its winters in the larval
stage beneath scales of bark or rubbish.
Cocoons are one-half inch long. They
change and produce caterpillars that lay
eggs in May or early June. These hatch
in about two weeks, and 80 per cent go in
at the calyx end of the apple, and later
eat through the side, and go to the
ground. Of the second brood 80 per cent
enter at the side mostly, where two ap-
ples or an apple and a leaf touch. Ar-
senate of lead is the best poison for the
larvae of the codling moth.

Mr. Kirby spoke of the “Organization
of Fruit Growers.” giving something of
the manner of conducting the co-operative
fruit organization of the west and telling
of their success in securing good packing,
good markets, good prices and a good
reputation. He states that thus far they
had not been very successful in Michi-
gan, principally because the growers were
too distrustful of each other and did not
wish to pay a price which would enable
them to secure a competent manager.
If co—operation can be successfully worked
out in this state it will enable growers
to secure cars and storage» facilities, help
orchard inspection and prevent gluts in
markets.

Mr. McDermid spoke of the brown rot
of cherry, plum, and peach, illustrating
the growth of this fungus and the meth-
od of reproduction by means of spores.
These ‘SpOI‘eS, or seeds, are carried over
winter in dried, or mummy, fruits, and
begin their work in the spring. It may
destroy twigs as well as fruit and the
spores may live over in either. Self-
boiled lime-sulphur, eight pounds lime
and eight pounds of sulphur to fifty gal-
lons of water is the best spray known.

“Cover Crops” was the subject chosen
by Mr. Munn, who laid stress on the im-
portance of a good mechanical condition
of the soil due to humus aided by cover
crops. this being as important as the
addition ‘ of chemical fertilizer. After
reciting the uses of cover crops, such as
holding snow, preventing excessive freez-
ing and thawing, washing, etc., the
speaker stated that an ideal cover crop
should make a good growth in the fall
and stand the abuse of picking and
should grow in the spring also. The
legumes are generally preferred, the one
now in most favor being winter vetch, of
which 18 to 30 pounds of seed should be
sown to the acre.

Mr. Shoesner explained
Sulphur Kills the Scale.” He stated that
growers hadn’t concerned themselves
so much about how it killed them’so long
as they were “sure dead.” Some have
believed that it is a, caustic action upon
the scale, others that the breathing pores
are clogged and the scale suffocated.
Neither belief is fully right. Dr. Shaffer
has worked out the theory that since the
lime-sulphur is continually changing by
taking on oxygen, that this action from
the little ring of lime—sulphur surround-
ing the scale slowly draws the oxygen
from beneath the scale cover and smoth-
ers the louse, or scale, beneath the shell.
He was led to this belief by experiments
such as saturating blotting paper with
lime-sulphur and placing it beneath a bell
jar and found that the oxygen was re-
moved from the air beneath it. Then
he tried to see if the scale would live
in nitrogen alone and found it would not.
From these and other experiments he
concluded that the death of the scale
was due to the absorption of oxygen
from the air it breathes by the lime-sul-
phur.

Mr. Smith was well fitted to handle his
subject, “Orchard Conditions in New
York,” by having spent some time in New
York orchards. Baldwin and Greening
are the varieties most grown. Cold stor-
age plants are numerous. Hilton, N. Y..
ships more apples than Washington and
Oregon combined. There is little danger
of over production as the production per
tree has decreased to one-sixth its former
amount, while consumption has increased
in a corresponding or greater ratio. Co-

“How Lime-

 

THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER.

operation has not proved a decided suc-
cess as there is too much poor fruit mar-
k'eted.

Mr. Taft’s Subject was “The Peach
Tree Borer.” He called attention to the
fact that the insect also works in the
plum and the cherry. The eggs hatch in
June and the little larvae enter the bark
near the ground and begin work. They
work until cold weather, are quiet dur-
ing winter, and work again in the spring.
They should be dug out in fall and
spring.

Three judges were appointed, who con-
ferred the prizes of $15, 15 and $5, do-
nated by the society, upon Mr. Shoesncr,
Mr. McDermid, and Mr. Gardner respect—
ively.

Business Session.

At the business meeting of the society
which followed, Treasurer Garfield of the
Lyon Memorial Fund, reported the total
assets in this fund to be $9,257.12.

Treasurer Satterlee reported balance
on hand, December 8, 1910, of $342.53.

Secretary C. E. Bassett reported that
the society now numbered, counting the
members of the auxiliary societies, near-
ly 2,000, that four local societies had been
organized during the year and several
trips made to other states. The plan of
the monthly bulletin was explained.

T. A .Farrand, of Eaton Rapids, was
re-elected president; C. E. Bassett, of
Fennville. secretary; Jas. A. Satterlee,
of Lansing, treasurer, and Chas. F. Hale,
of Grand Rapids, and H. J. Eustace, of
East Lansing, were rc-elected members
of the executive board.

Wednesday afternoon’s session began
with a paper by S. B. Hartman, of
Athens, on “Renting Orchards as a Bus-
iness,” followed by considerable discus-
sion. If space permits we will give this
topic later.

Packing and Selling Michigan Apples in

Boxes,

was the topic discussed by A. M. Bul-
lock, of Lapeer. Mr. Bullock stated that
the worst thing about the barrel as a
package is its reputation as a convenient
container of poor fruit. Customers have
become afraid to buy fruit in barrels un-
less they know the packer. The box is
not presumed to be used for poor fruit,
and inspection is more easily made. The
commission firms and buyers discourage
the box as a package for Michigan fruit,
and storage companies charge the same
for storing a box as a barrel, They claim
that they can sell a barrel as readily as
a box and hence discourage the smaller
package. The method of making the
common box packs was illustrated and
described, including the manner of plac-
ing the tiers, using thinner apples at the
ends to give the bulge, putting some lay-
ers 0n the side if necessary, use of la-
bels, stencils, etc. The speaker sells
considerable fruit to private customers
but thinks the cost of so doing nearly
equal to that of handling through a com-
mission firm. He believed that the same
grade of fruit packed in barrels and sold
through commission firms would bring
about the same as if packed in boxes.
This was also the experience of several
growers present.

The discussion of the box vs. the bar-
rel as a package for Michigan apples,
was very spirited, and many interesting
points were brought out. Mr. Rowe sug-
gested that at the next meeting of the
society a western packer be secured to
demonstrate packing in boxes. It was
suggested that it was Michigan apples
we want packed and not western ap-
ples. Several growers suggested that the
expense of packing in boxes was greater
and that the box was more likely to be
injured in transit than the barrel, and
that the commission men and buyers did
not want them in boxes and would not
give any more for them packed in this
way. Mr. Rowe stated that he knows
positively that a number of Chicago buy-
ers buy Michigan and New York apples
in barrels and during the, winter repack
these in their basements. putting the
best in boxes and selling for western
fruit, and that they do not want growers
to pack in boxes as they want this 'work
for their men during slack times. Mr.
Friday said he knew of the opposite, be-
ing done also. Mr. Fraley wished to
know why commission men don't pack
our apples in boxes when they buy them
if they sell better this way. In general,
the packing and not the package was
considered at fault. Mr. Bullock used
boxes 11%v11% inches. Some families
preferred boxes. as they could keep them
in the attic. Good packers were difficult
to secure.

Fruit Farm Cold Storage Buildings
was the subject of a paper by Prof. Eus-
tace, of the M. A. C.‘ Prof. Eustace stat-

(Continued on page 572).

 

  
     
        
 
  

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(Enabliilmi 1795)
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The Michigan. Farmer

ESTABLISHED 1843. .
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COPYRIGHT [9“
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WE GUARANTEE to stop THE
MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately
upon expiration of time subscribed
for. and we will pay all expenses for
defending any suit, brought against
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Farmer by the publisher of any farm
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time ordered has expired, providing
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is started.

Avoid further trouble by refusing
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Which does not print, in each Issue,
a definite guarantee-to stop on expira-
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The Lawrence Publishing 00.,

Detroit. Mich.

DETROIT, DEC. 23, 1911.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER FOR 1912.

The character of the Michigan Farmer
is too well established and too well known
among the farmers of Michigan to make
an elaborate outline of our detailed plans
for the ensuing year necessary or of in-
terest. It is sufficient to say that the
plans contemplate not only the mainte-
nance of the paper on the high plane of
excellence which has so firmly established
it in a territory in which it is practically
without a competitor, but as well to con-
tinue the unvarying policy of improve-
ment which has been followed by its
publishers from year to year.

A New Department.

Perhaps the most important of the
initial improvements which have been
inaugurated in the present fiscal year is
a new Practical Science Department,
through which a practical short course
in scientific agriculture is presented to
our readers in short lectures which will
appear in each issue during the season
intervening between now and next
spring. Coupled with this educational
work of undoubted value, we have es-
tablished a Farm Laboratory in which
chemical analyses will be made, where
such analyses are necessary to the ren-
dering of intelligent answers to scientific
questions. Interesting laboratory reports
will be published from time to time and
in addition the principles of economic
feeding will be elaborated upon from a
scientific standpoint in the columns of
this department, which is under the
supervision of Dr. Floyd W. Robison,
well—known to Michigan farmers as a
former Experiment Station Chemist, for-
mer State Analyst and Attache of the
Bureau of Chemistry of the United States
Department of Agriculture. There is no
other man in the country so well equip-
ped to conduct such a department, which
is an entirely new department for“ any
agricultural paper and a feature for
which we hope much in the way of bene-
ficial results to our readers during the
ensuing year. Science is now being ap-
plied to agriculture as never before and
it is our hope that every reader of the
paper, and particularly every young man
and young woman of the farm home, will
interest themselves in this department,
sinCe we know that it will contain much
which will be valuable and helpful to
them in their after lives.

A Year for Progressive Work.

Not alone in this new department of

the Michigan Farmer have we planned

on9a campaign of progressive work, but

as well in every other department of the ,

paper. A special ~topic which will be
giVen greater prominence than ever be-
foreiis that of Economical Marketing. The
high cost of living is a problem which is
demanding the‘attention of our states-
men and economists, as well as that of
the great majority of the consuming pub-
lic. Herctofore, the ultimate consumers
in our centres of population have very
generally blamed the high cost of living
to an unreasonable profit on the part of
the producers. They are, however, be-
coming educated to the fact that thediffi-
culty lies not with the producer but with
the distributor of food stuffs. Nothing
is more essential today to the increased
welfare of the producer and consumer
alike than a more economic method of
distribution between the farm and the
consumer, and it will be our aim during
the coming year to specialize upon every
phase of this subject in a manner which
will prove of the greatest possible benefit
to the farmers of Michigan. This does
not mean that other important industrial
and civic problems will be neglected, but
simply that a special effort will be made
to elucidate this problem in a manner
which will be especially helpful to our
readers.

Specialized and Diversified Agriculture.

In no state of the Union has special-
ized agriculture along certain lines made
more rapid advances than in Michigan.
Michigan is first in the production of
a number of important crops, second in
several others which are leading staples
in the country, but is second to no other
state in the I'nion in the diversity of its
agricultural products or the adaptability
of its soil and climate to diversified farm-
ing. For this reason the numerous de-
partments maintained in our paper will
he so conducted as to be of value, not
alone to the specialist but to the general
farmer as well. No matter in what line
of agriculture he may be specializing or
no matter how great a diversity of pro-
ducts he may grow, something of special
interest will be found in each number of
the Michigan Farmer for everyone who
follows the profession of agriculture in
any section of Michigan.

Special Service.

Not only in a general way does the
Michigan Former stand ready to be hclp-
ful to its readers, but offers special ser-
vice alc-ng various lines absolutely free of
cost, such as the answering of questions
relating to any department of practical
agriculture, to' scientific problems, ques—
tions with regard to economic feeding,
and the veterinary questions which may
be submitted by any reader. Aside from
this, our crop reporting service is of
special value and our market feature is
alone worth more to any Michigan farm-
er than the subscription price of the
paper.

Our Correspondents.

These are too numerous to make it
practicable to give a list of them here,
nor would such a list prove interesting
to those who are acquainted with the
paper or instructive to those who are not
familiar with its pages. We have several
hundred correspondents, men who are
leaders in the special lines of agriculture
which they follow. They are located in
every section of the state and include
many agricultural experts from outside
the state. This list is constantly being
increased as new authorities develop and
will continue to include in the future, as
in the past, the best available writers in
the various lines of agricultural endeavor.

Our Aim and Purpose.

Our aim and purpose for the ensuing
year will be to not only continue to make
the Michigan Farmer a practical clearing
house of ideas and experiments for its
subscribers, but an educational factor
which will be second to no other influence
in the betterment of Michigan agricul—
ture. In addition to the special features
above outlined, timelytopics will be hand-
led in season, or a little ahead of the
season so as to make the subject matter
contained of greater economic value to
our readers. In addition to the educa-
tional features above noted, the Magazine
Section and our special W'omen’s De-
partment will be continued during the
coming year along similar lines to those
followed since the establishment of these
features, with the, betterment experience
has made possible. Thus there will be
not only instruction but profitable enter-
tainment for every member of the family,
within the pages of the Michigan Farmer
during 1912, and those pages will not only
be greater in number, but more instruc-
tive and interesting than ever before
since the establishment of the paper in

1843.

CURRENT COMMENT.

 

Our first page cov-
“Merry Christmas." or was designed
. with a. view to its
suggestion of Christmas cheer, to which
purpose no theme lends itself more read-
ily than the time-honored fable of “Santa.
Claus" journeying about with his rein-
deer and a sleigh laden with gifts for
expectant children. Christmas giving, as
thus typified, brings to others an un-
measured cheer, making the Christmas
season a merry one to all. The custom
of Christmas giving is indeed a happy
one, well suited to the event which the
day commemorates. So let us one and
all enter into the spirit of Christmas giv-
ing, to the end that all with whom we
come in contact may have a very merry
Christmas, which time-honored greeting
we sincerely extend to every Michigan
Farmer reader.

In another column of
A Lesson in 60- this issue will be found
operation. an account of how a
number of Antrim
county farmers co-operated in the sale of
their turkey crop for the present year,
thereby eliminating at least one middle-
man's profits in the process of distribu-
tion, and adding very materially to the
proportion of the consumer’s dollar which
they, as producers, received. This is a
most striking illustration of the benefits
it is possible to derive from co-operatlon
along lines of community production.

In this case, the local Grange took the
initiative and was joined in the move-
ment by the other local farmers’ organi—
zations and individuals who were pro-
gressive enough to forsee the advantages
in this kind of co-operation. The local
farmers' organizations throughout the
state can very profitably be made the unit
of organization for co-operative purposes,
especially in any community where spe-
cial cash crops are grown on a consider-
able scale.

The labor of arranging details in co-
operative enterprises, such as the one de-
scribed in this isSue, can be very mate-
rially reduced where a. local Grange or
some local‘ farmers' organization takes
the initiative in the movement. How-
ever, with the present development of
rural telephones it would not be difficult
to secure co-operation among a. very con-
siderable number of producers along any
special line for the joint sale of their
products, if some interested producer
would but take the initiative in a move-
ment of this kind.

Co-operation along lines of community
production has been most successful in
foreign countries and in this country
wherever it has been tried, and work of
this kind is growing rapidly throughout
the United States. The problem of the
high cost of living is exercising the con-
sumers in our centers of population as
never before. Various efforts have been
made to shift the responsibility, but pub-
lic opinion, as usual, is centering upon
the true cause for present conditions,
which is the excessive cost of the distri-
bution of food products under present
methods.

Organizations are being formed in var-
ious cities by consumers for the purpose
of securing cheaper food products. In the
city of Detroit an organization known as
the Consumers' League is making some
experimental efforts along this line. This
movement is in line with good economy
from the consumers' standpoint, but not
more so than co-operatlve organization
for the joint selling of products on the
part of producers. It is well that such
organizations be effected at both ends of
the line in order that the greatest possi-
ble reduction be made in the cost of dis-
tributing food products, thereby cheap-
cning the cost of living to the consumer
and increasing the proportion of the con-
sumers’ dollar, which is secured by pro-
ducers, to the profit of both.

This is a good season of the year to
think and act along these lines. There
is room for thousands of co-operative
enterprises among the farmers of the
state and in any case where such an en-
terprise was successfully conducted, as
was the one described in this issue, it
is certain that such efforts will not be
abandoned, but that they will progress
along the same and other lines to the
great benefit of our agriculture.

In another column of this

A Problem in issue will be found an
SOclology. expression from a sub-
stantial and thinking

farmer living in one of the most fertile
farming sections of central Michigan. He
notes with apprehension that large num-
bers of foreigners, particularly Bohemi-
ans, who are brought to the Sugar beet

‘. _ ' fismafimn,“

producing sections of the state to help in
caring for the crop, are, through their
industry and frugality, purchasing sugar
beet lands on contract with a small pay-
ment down and. by the united work of
all of the members of the family in the
field, paying for them without the lapse
of a single contract.

Apparently, his fears for the future
have been aroused by the fact that these
foreigners are colonizing certain neigh-
borhoods and organizing their own socie-
ties and establishing their own churches.
It would appear, however, that there is
less occasion for fear of the future in
such colonization of rural communities
than in the amalgamating'of foreign set-
tlements in our large cities, which has
been the inevitable result in the trend
of foreign immigration to the large cent-
ers of population where the immigrants
are needed and employed in the perform-
ing of menial labor in connection with
the development of public utilities, for
which American born labor is not avail—
able.

So long as our laws for compulsory at—
tendance of schools are enforced, a most
potent influence will be in operation for
the complete Americanization of the chil-
dren of these immigrant workers. There
are so many examples of the potency of
this influence that we can hardly doubt
its effecthe operation in all rural dis—
tricts. Ordinarily, and strangely as the
second or third generation of the descend-
ants of these European immigrants are
found to have neglected the acquirement

of even the language of their fathers and

to have become substantial and desirable
citizens, differing perhaps in their social
customs and religious affiliations from the
native-born Americans of the same com-
munity, yet possessed of many sterling
qualities which make for a desirable
type of American citizenship. The grad-
ual growth of these rural colonies makes
this process of Americanization possible
and is the saving factor of the problem.
So far as their competition is concerned
it should not be considered a serious
problem. True, the American farmer

will not follow the laborious methods of,

these immigrant settlers, but his superior
intelligence will aid him in the battle for
economic supremacy. There is little dan—
ger, in our opinion, of the American-born
farmer losing his place as the leader in
the larger agriculture of the country. It
is but natural that the bringing in of
these agricultural laborers, who have
come from the agricultural sections of
Europe, for the solution of the labor
problem in the growing of a special crop
like sugar beets should result in many
of them taking economic advantage of
the opportunities offered to profit by their
industry and frugality by going into the
business on their own account. There
would appear to_be no other solution for
the social prOblem involved, than to do
everything within our power to make cor
new neighbors the best possible Ameri-
can citizens in the shortest possible space
of time. ‘ x
As a result. of the
EcOnomic Results of agitation and the
Cold Storage. pending legislation
affecting the cold
storage business, exhaustive investiga—
tions have been made by the United
States Department of Agriculture during
the past year. the results of which were
incorporated in Secretary Wilson's annual
report recently made public. Information
from which the deductions contained in
the secretary’s report were made, was
obtained from schedules which cold stor—
age warehousemen were asked to fill out
by the department. These schedules in—
cluded statistics with regard to qualities
of the different kinds of food stuffs re-
ceived into cold storage and the quanti-
ties of deliveries to owners, month by
month, covering a period of years, the
first quoted price of éach month being
taken as far as October, 1880.

These investigations covered the com-
modities of fresh beef, mutton and pork,
dressed poultry, butter, eggs and fish.
The two years completely covered by the
investigation began with March, 1909, for
dressed poultry, eggs and fish, and with
May, 1909, for fresh beef, mutton. pork
and butter. Secretary Wilson’s report on
the result of this inquiry shows that the
principal months when fresh beef is
placed in cold storage are September; Oc-
tober, and November; mutton, August,
September, and October; butter, June,
July, and August, and sometimes MaY:
eggs, April, May, and June. Pork is quite
well distributed throughout the year.
Poultry is made up of divers elements:
broilers go into storage early in the
spring and toasters in the early autumn:
November, December. and January, and

   
     

if!

 

 

 


  
 

 

4!

          

 

" 15nd. 23.. 1911.

sometimes Octoberare the heaviest stor-
age months. With regard to fish there
seems to be no regularity in the heavy
cold-storage months; most of the fish is
receiVed‘ fresh and is frozen, and after
the lapse of some time is sent to ware-
houses at places of consumption, where
it is stored again. These two periods of
storage are combined in this investiga-
tion.

During the three heavier cold-storage
months of 1910-11, 47 per cent of the
fresh beef placed in cold storage during
the 'whole year was received into the
warehouse; 59.8 per cent of the fresh
mutton. 59.2 per cent of the dressed poul-
try, 70 per cent of the butter, and 79.4
per cent of the eggs.

It is established by this investigation
that 71.2 per cent of the fresh beef re—
ceived into cold storage in the year 1909-
10 was delivered within three months:

» 28.8 per cent of the fresh mutton, 95.2
per cent of the fresh pork, 75.7 per cent
,of the poultry, 40.2 per cent of the butter,
14.3 per cent of the eggs, and 35.5 per
cent of the fish.

The percentage of receipts delivered in
seven months is 99 for fresh beef, 99.3 per
cent for fresh mutton, 99.9 per cent for
fresh pork, 96.1 per cent for poultry. 88.4
per cent for butter, 75.8 per cent for
eggs, and 64.9 per cent for fish.

The fresh beef received into cold stor-
age during the year beginning with
May. 1909, was kept there on the average
for 2.3 months; the fresh mutton, 4.4
months; the fresh pork, 0.9 of a month,
and the butter, 4.4 months. The poultry
received during the year beginning with
March, 1909, was kept on the average 2.4
months; the eggs, 5.9 months; and the
fish, 6.7 months.

The important fact brought out by the
results of this investigation is that cold
storage products are practically all ex-
hausted within eight or ten months of the
period of storing, while by far the
larger percentage is distributed within
from four to five months from the date
of storage, instead of being held for ex-
ceedingly- long periods as has been charg-
ed by some agitators who have sought to
influence legislation placing rigorous re-
strictions upon the cold storage business.

In establishing this fact, the Depart-
men of Agriculture has made it clear
that by storing a portion of these perish-
able products in the flush season and dis-
tributing them during the season of
scant production, there has been estab-
lished a tendency toward uniformity of
prices throughout the year in the pro-
ducts of butter, eggs, mutton and poultry
and a tendency away from uniformity in
the prices in fresh beef and fresh pork.
These conclusions, Secretary Wilson de-
clares, are substantiated by the price
compilations made possible through the
results of this investigation.

The saving factor in this situation, so
far as a “corner" of these food stuffs is
concerned, is the fact that the charges
against the food products in cold storage
accumulate quite rapidly as the period
of storage lengthens. For example, the
report shows that if stored for a period
of 15 months the cost per pound in the
cost of butter will be over 8% cents and
for eggs nearly nine cents per dozen, a
charge which would be prohibitive, so
far as holding the products of one season
over to another is concerned. The Sec—
retary states that his investigation sup-
ports the belief that there has been con-
siderable speculation in some years by
men who have kept these commodities in
cold storage, sometimes with profit and
sometimes with disastrous results to
themselves. as they may have made a
good or a bad guess as to the available
supply and the demand for these pro-
ducts at the high range of price.

For some years the average price of
commodities kept in cold storage has
been increased by the gradual distribu-
tion process throughout the year and the
addition of the cost of storage does to
some extent, perhaps, increase the cost
of living, but at the same time affords an
available supply of these commodities
throughout the year.

In concluding this feature of his report,
Secretary Wilson says:

“This is no indictment of the men who
‘keep foods in cold storage, except in so
far as they sometimes speculate, nor
need they be indicted for offenses in or-
der that the public economic interest in
their business may be made to appear.
The foregoing matter, it may be sup-
posed, establishes that. The man who
places food in cold storage is somewhat
in the siutation of the man who forestalls
the market. He may not attempt to do,
but the power may be a temptation.

“The affairs of such a business as this

 

 

should have publicity. The public ought

to know how much goods are in storage
from month to month and what the move-
ments 'of receipts and deliveries are.

"The food warehousemen should be re-
quired to send to Washington monthly
reports containing the desired informa-
tion. Here these reports could be prompt-
ly aggregated and the results could be
given to the public on a previously an-
nounced day of the month, somewhat as
the crop reports are."

 

A COMMUNITY DEAL IN TURKEYS.

A co-operative sale of 585 turkeys, net
weight amounting to 6,359 pounds, by 32
farmers, led by the Grange and ably sec-
onded by other farm organizations and
individuals, recently occurred at Central
Lake, Antrim county, which netted them
over and above the price offered them in-
dividually, before they decided to sell
together, the sum of $190.

While this deal is of minor importance
in itself, it demonstrates certain points
that should commend themselves to the
careful consideration of every progressive
farmer. The advantages of community
production, co-operative selling, value of
organization for farmers, eliminating un-
necessary middlemen, and friendly inter.-
est and support between farm organiza-
tions.

By community production of produce.
live stock, or poultry in sufficient quan-
tities it is easier to interest buyers or
reach an outside market economically.
Then, if we will add uniformity of good
quality and appearance we will score an-
other point of interest to buyers, and to
the securing of as high a price as the
markets will warrant.

By co-operative selling, the business
can all be done through one party, which
will attract buyers, where the necessity
of having to deal with each individual at
livery and time expense discourages
them.

By organization we become acquainted

and gain confidence in one another, which

makes success possible in a co-operative
way. ‘

This sale was made direct to a retail
merchant, thus eliminating unnecessary
middlemen’s profit, and it is due largely
to the rates charged by this class, which
makes the consumer pay one dollar for
the product that the producer receives
but thirty-five cents for, which is ac-
cording to statistics.

It also demonstrates that different farm
organizations can work shoulder to shoul-
der for the common good of the whole
community; surely it were well if every
farmer belonged to some good farmers’
organization, for in working together to
accomplish definite ends we become in-
spired with the spirit of the Grange max-
im that “The welfare of each is bound
up in the good of all."

Antrim Co. G. M.

 

 

WHAT ABOUT OUR NEW NEIGH-
BORS?

The beet sugar industry has brought
upon us a class of people speaking a for-
eign tongue. At first, like the robin, they
were migratory, dropping down upon the
fields at the proper time in spring and
departing in the fall. We knew not from
whence they came nor where they went,
but during the last few years they have
swarmed down upon us. They are a
sturdy, robust people, largely Bohemians.
They are purchasing all the land available
suitable for beet culture. They buy first
on contract and we have yet to learn of
the first contract being forfeited. During
thinning time we have seen whole fam-
ilies go into the field at early morn, even
drawing the babe'in a cab made of a.
grocery box fastened on a pair of picked
up wheels.

As these people do the whole labor with-
in themselves, when the check comes
there is no deduction for labor in thin-
ning and topping, as with us Americans.
A very conservative crop with us is ten
tons per acre at five dollars per ton
with no deductions except for seed. They
easily meet these obligations. They are
organizing their social and religious so-
cieties. When we see these people with
their habits of frugality and industry in
comparison with those of our Americans,
we are led to exolaim, "What will the
outcome be?

Genesee Co. S. C. GOOD-YEAR.

 

HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.
National.

A resolution was passed by the house
of representatives last Wednesday, by a
vote of 300 to 1, calling for an abrogation
of the treaty of 1832 between Russia and
the United States. The measure will

’ " THE“: MICHIGAN FARMEfi.»

   
       

 

come before the senate this week. Pres-
ident Taft made known his opposition to
the resolution and has declared that, if it
comes before him he will veto the meas-
ure upon the ground that such action
would place the two countries in,an em-
barrassing position. The President and
senate have full power to abrogate treat-
ies and on Monday it was reported that he
had taken the initiation and notified the
Russian government that the pact would
be abrogated January 1, 1913, according
to the terms and conditions thereof, and
that in the meantime this government
desired to enter into a new agreement
that would be more responsible to pre-
sent commercial conditions.

The number of victims removed from
the Briceville, Tenn., mine where an ex-
plosion occurred some ten days ago, num-
ber 77. It is believed that seven or eight
more bodies are still in the mine.

The price of gasoline and benzine has
been advanced a quarter of a cent per
gallon by the Standard Oil Co.

The jury considering the evidence
brought to light by the raising of the old
battleship Maine in the Havana Harbor.
declared it as their opinion that the ves-
sel had been blown up by a mine located
in the harbor. The remains of several of
the sailors of the battleship at the time
of its destruction have been removed.
President Taft issued a letter commend-
ing that the bodies be brought to this
country under proper military ceremonies.

‘The federal employers' liability and the
workingmen’s compensation commission
in their tentative bill, which they are
about to present to congress, are provid-
ing that the common law and statutory
liabilities as provided for at the present
time... be abolished and that a certain
specified scale bf compensation be sub-
stituted for the settlement of the claims
by employers who are injured while on
duty. This measure, of course, relates
to all railroads doing interstate com-
merce business.

The foreign commerce of the United
States for the year now drawing to a;
close will amount to more than $200,000.-
000 above that of the preceding year,
making 19]]. the banner year in the his-
tory of the country. The experts will
aggregate over two billion and the im-
ports over one and a half billion dollars.
More than one-half of the imports en-
tered this country free of duty. r

The Sherwood bill, which will. add to
the pension roll if it becomes law about
400,000 eligible veterans of Mexican and
Civil \Vars, was passed by the house of
representatives last week by a, vote of
229 to 92. The bill will add to the pen-
sion roll about $75,000,000, as estimated
by Secretary of Interior Fisher. .

Control of the Elgin board of trade
passed into the hands/of Chicago and
Wisconsin creamerymen at the annual
meeting and election Monday. The new
board declares they will abolish the quo—
tation committee which is held by some
to be a scheme of dictating values that
is in direct violation of the Sherman anti-
trust law.

The earnings of railway trunk lines for
the month of October shows a decided
increase over previous months. Running
expenses, however, were comparatively
reduced over a large number 0f systems.

The offering of beet sugar upon the
general markets of the country has re-
sulted in a depression of sugar prices,
much to the satisfaction of the consum-
ing public. The reaction in price has
also been influenced by the smaller de-
mand at this season of the year, which
is usual, but which has been more ap-
parent this year because of the high price
at which sugar has been retailing.

Foreign.

A plot has been discovered by the
Mexican authorities for the assassination
of President Madero. It is claimed that
the conspirators consisted of a number
of prominent men who are favorable to
the Reyista movement. A special mes-
sage has been forwarded to General Diaz,
former president of Mexico who now lives
in Spain, asking him to return _to his
country. The message was sent by Pres-
ident Madero who assures the aged ruler
every possible guarantee of protection at
the hands of the country.

It is unofficially stated that Japan and
Great Britain will offer to mediate be-
tween the Chincse government and the
rebels. The continued rains over the
central provinces of China have brought
about conditions which are forcing upon
the parties to the present uprising the
necessity of bringing hostilities to a close.
Representatives are met at Shanghai to
consider tentative grounds for agree-
ment. The offer of Japan and Great
Britain is given that this movement may
assure a settlement since the offer is ac-
companied with a provision that, should
it not be agreed to by the parties, other
steps will be taken to end the present
war. This movement has been expected
for some time.

The Cuban government is being asked
by patriots of the island to enact a meas-
ure limiting the holding of public offices
to persons that have shown their patriot-
ism to the government and who have not
been hostile to free Cuba. To accomplish
this a measure is being considered to
suspend the act providing for civil ser-
vice for six months that the executive
may discharge those public employes
who are considered dangerous in the posi-
tions they occupy.

King George. of England. was pro-
claimed Emperor of India. In his address
to the officiary on the occasion of the
elaborate ceremonies, he declared that a
revolution would be made in the policy
of England toward India. The conserva-
tive element of England stand aghast at
the plan while the liberals are delighted.
The present ministry believes that be-
cause of present discontent the time has
come when the situation must be met in
a statesman-like manner. They contend
that the old policy of ruling with an iron
hand has cost the BlltlSh Empire the

(Continued on page 571).

 

 

The, Hamilinn Reservoir
Orchard Healer

 

Will Positively Protect Your Fruit
Crop From Frost Damages.

Write for our literature that will tell
you about the wonderful results fruit.
growers have secured by its use. Thou~
sands of acres will be eqmpped With
this heater in Michigan this year, and
you should get busy.

The Regulated Fire or Real Control
with large fuel capacity (3 and 6 gallons)
are exclusive features of this heater and
has made it the most powerful and most
efficient device ever attempted for this
WOPk- Let us tell you more about II.

THE HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER 60.

Grand Junction, Colorado.

 

 

 

cnnnmnn FARMS

Do you want a farm in Western Canada
where the crops this year are in advance of
anything grown on this continent? For
wheat-growing. dairying. mixed farming
and cattle-raising, the Province of Alberta is
unsurpassed.

Lands are now offered by the CANADIAN
PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY at prices
ranging from

$10 to $30 an Acre on Long
Terms of Payment or on
the Crop Payment Plan

-thot is, paying for your farm with a portion of

your crops each y ear. .
Land values have increased 30% in two earl.
Great opportunities for the Homeseeker all or

write for full particulars, booklets, maps, etc.

Z.fl'. THORNTON, General Agent
Canadian Pacific Railway, Alborh Land Dept.
112 w." Adamo so, cmcnoo, ll.l.

 

 

 

 

 

Inch We manufac-
18 $2.25 Cure circular.
. 20 2,30 Metal Cutting
. 22 3.30 Baws.WoodSaws,
24 3 90 gand Sagsrfiot
- aws an l'lc'
26 4-50 tion Discs. Ma-
28 5.10 (fihine andslgoner
, nves. ear
:2 2:8 Blades. b it.
3. ass .3...
° :- a
36 7.80 Eto..Eto. "‘

C. A. HILES &C0.
2431 W. Hill St. (IMO.
ICE PLOWS ,.
8 Inch. $20: 10 Inch, $25:
12 inch. 88 .
SAWS, BARS.

 

 
    
    
 
 

TONGS.

Semi for
Catalog.

Your Virgin Soil
LAGKS PHOSPHOHUS

and every crop which you have harvested and
sold has removed from 24 to 40 lbs. of phosphor-
us and thus impoverished your soil.

You Must Make Up This Deficiency

and restore to the soil the phosphorus removed
in the crops.

The Only Economical Way to Supply It
is to apply Ground Phosphate Rock to the land.
The economical way to buy Ground Phosphate
Rock is to get the best.

Our goods pulverized to fineness 95 a
mesh. 75% 200 mesh. % D sses 100

FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.,

Ground Rock Dept. Columbia. Tenn.

Texas Land Exposilion

Northern—Se—ml'Fs—fldveniiun.
HOUSTON, TEXAS,

JANUARY 1511: to 28th, 1912.

Homesoeken and investors should not mine is
opportunity to Visit. Texas and see the South's first.
rest. land show. Lowest railroad rates ever offered
.rcm all sections of the United States. Eighteen lines
into Houston. More than one thousand exhibits of
farm products and machinery. Many Inotable speak-
ers on program. Exposition open day and night.
Full particulars about Texas and Texas lands and
opportunities on request.

TEXAS LAND EXPOSITION,
Publicity Dept. Houston, Texas.

 

 

When writing to adver-
tisers please mention the
Michigan Farmer.

, ‘ (13} 561 ."

. mar-u. -


 

 

PRACTICAL SCIENCE.

 

SOILS AND PLANTS.

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

In whatever way we may individual-1y
believe regarding the purpose of the life
manifestations on this planet, a close
study of the universe reveals a very
careful preparation for the later on-com-
ing of man. We may probably safely .as-
sume that the fundamental purpose for
which soil was originally formed by the
gradual reduction of rock was to make
it, suitable for plant life. It was not ab-
solutely necesary for the appearance of
plant life that soil should first be formed.
It is perhaps true that plant life appeared
before soil was actually formed. It is,
however, very evident that the present
high state of perfection of plant life could
have been, by no means, reached without
the appearance of soil. It may sound
strange to say that soil is not absolutely
necessary for the growth of plants but
when we recall that some of our plants
are propagated throughout their entire
life in water solution we will realize more
clearly the aptness of the above state-
ment. Instead, it has been clearly dem-
onstrated that there are no plants which
can not be, alone and without the inter-
vention of soil, grown through the nour-
ishment derived from water solution, but
there are various physical or mechanical
matters, such as the holding, or anchor-
ing in place, of some of the heavier and
larger plants which make it absolutely
necessary that the soil exist even for a
mechanical purpose. We have mentioned
before that in various parts of our coun-
try we may see great trees growing on
bare rocks without the intervention of
scacely a particle of soil. Their rootlets
reach down into the running water which
carries in solution enough so-called plant
food. to furnish to the tree a life of lux-
ury.

We would by no means lead our readers
to understand that we consider the soil a
merely mechanical factor in plant life.
It is a mechanical factor but it is in
reality besides an actual physiological
laboratory where destructive and syn-
thetic changes are continually going on
with the ultimate purpose, no doubt, of
building a more complex plant organism.

There is enough evidence at hand to
make us reasonably certain that the de-
velopment of plants has been a process
of evolution from the simple, single—
celled bodies. There is ample reason for
thinking that the earliest forms of plant
life on this planet were these single—cell
bodies, which now are typified by what
We may call bacteria, moulds, or various
fungi, etc.

There is no more interesting study to
our mind than the study of the adapta-
tion of the various forms of plant life to
the general conditions of soil, and climate,
and other Surroundings to which they
are Subjected, and their part in turn in
contributing to the evolution of higher
plant life. We say there is no more in-
teresting study, and we may say in addi-
tion, except it be the study of the de-
velopment and evolution of animal life
which, however, is almost exactly similar
to the evolution of plant life, except that
it has lent to it the effect of a greater
variety of movement and intellect than is
exhibited in plant life.

It seems that the prime purpose of the
life of the plant is centered in its effort
at reproduction. It is very clear that this
must necessarily be so for in order that
the original purpose to which all living
matter seems directing itself may be ful-
filled, it is necessary that provision be
made at the outset for the reproduction
of the species.

Each plant seems vested with an inher-
ent instinct regarding itself, first of all,
to its own preservation and secondly, to
the reproduction of its species.

The earliest form of reproduction in
plants was by simple division. The fac-
tor which seems to govern and regulate
the size of single-cell bodies we may call
the point of most favorable (optimum)
development of that cell. For instance,
a cell body will grow and develop to the
point of maximum efficiency, which in-
cludes perhaps the ease of locomotion and
general efficiency of its various life man-
ifestations. Beyond this point the forces
of t universe will no doubt prevail to
elnco age the division of the cell body
into two individuals which two may ex-
ercise a greater efficiency than did the
one parent. As a matter of fact, we do
find single-celled bodies growing and de-
veloping to a certain more or less defl-

nite proportion and then, due to some
provision of nature which seems very
carefully adjusted, we find theSe cell
bodies dividing and two individuals con-
tinuing the work performed previously by
the one. Just what this force is that lim-
its the operations and size of the single-
celled organism and causes a division,
thereby reproducing the species, we do
not know. It may be, differently direct-
ed, the same impulse which directs that
when a drop of water reaches a certain
size it becomes two instead of one. In
other words, it may be the action of the
force of gravity, perhaps, which exercises
an all potent influence on every mani-
festation in the universe.

Some organisms remain attached to
each other after this division. For ex-
ample, certain of the cocci,‘ (small micro-
scopic organisms), instead of being sep-
arated completely by themselves at the
point of division remain attached to-
gether, forming long strings of cells or
perhaps, as in the case of the yeast plant,
they exercise the pehnomenon commonly
known as “budding" which is simply the
development of new cells .upon the parent
stock.

Appllcation.

In a study of the various ways of feed-
ing the plant it is the application of our
knowledge gained through the study of
the single cell that has given us the most
satisfactory results. Soils are most in-

timately associated with plant growth-

and it is through this ability to furnish
a proper nutrient soil solution that one
soil perhaps is more peculiarly adapted
to the growing of certain crops.

Certain crops cannot be grown on some
soils because the mechanical character of
that soil will not hold the crop in place
and this condition alone prompts us to
direct the energies of that soil in another
direction. It is this factor that has as-
sisted in proclaiming the rich muck soils
especially efficient in truck farming and
which has made the heavily timbered
lands adapted to a still different style of
agriculture. The great lesson to be gain-
ed by an understanding in this way of

the manner in which plants have gained.

the ascendancy is that certain soils, be-
cause of their composition are peculiarly
adapted to certain specific treatment and
it is working against nature to ignore
this point.

In our chart given a few weeks ago we
recommended a division of the farm ac-
cording to the different soil characteris-
tics. The desirability of this is strongly
emphasized.

“"nen the plant reaches a point where
its maximum efficiency is impaired, it
begins to adapt itself differently to its
new conditions. This encourages devel-
opment of new species, but at the ex-
pense of the qualities for which the par-
ent plant was previously famous.

Sandy soil or gravelly loam for this
reason is not suitable for celery culture.
Neither is heavy muck the most desirable
for wheat and grain farming. It is de—
cidedly fallacious reasoning that prompts
the farmer to compel his sand to grow
celery and his muck to grow wheat.

 

 

PASTEURIZATION OF MILK.

The subject of the pasteurization of
milk has been before the public now for
a number of years. Attempts at various
times have been made to make the pas-
teurizationof milk compulsory in certain
cities. We are aware of a condition in
the last few years in Chicago whereby the
department of health undertook to com—
pel the pasteurization of all milk sold on
the city milk supply. This condition has
caused various persons to undertake the
study as to whether the pasteurization
of milk for the city milk supply is in
reality desirable.

The word pasteurization derives its
name from the researches of Pasteur, a
French scientist. The various bacteria
are more or less susceptible to the influ-
ence of heat, especially after a prolonged
period of time. It has been known for
some time that the great objection to the
use of raw milk on the city milk supply
was because of its heavy contamination,
as indicated by the activity of a great
variety of forms of bacteria. The ill
effects from the consumption of the var-
ious end products of the life activity of
different bacteria is now well known.

Recognizing that, to suddenly foist up-
on the producers r.‘ milk methods which
would safeguard against contaminating
the milk supply, would be entirely im-

 

practical has caused students to attempt
to devise some means of treatment in it-
self non-injurlous to health which would
do away with the dangers of a polluted
milk supply. It is this condition which
has caused the treatment of milk known
as pasteurization to come into vogue.
In'nearly every city in our country at
the present time some of the milk sold at
retail undergoes the pasteurization treat-
ment. This treatment as generally con-
ducted, consists in raising the tempera-
ture of the milk up to between 140 and
160 degrees F., and retaining it at this
temperature for periods of about one-half
hour. It has been found by the re-
searches of Pasteur and others that this
system causes the destruction of great
quantities of bacteria present in the milk
and it has been assumed by various
health officials and others, that because
of this fact the pasteurization of milk
was an exceedingly desirable process.
Against this theory, it has been ascer-
tained that milk which has been pas-
teurized, if kept for a considerable period
of time develops along an entirely differ-
ent line from that not pasteurized. Or-
dinary milk produced under what we may
call ordinary conditions will, in the
course of two or three days, become sour
and unattractive for food purposes. This
is due to the action. specifically, of the
organisms known as the lactic acid bac-
teria which develops in ordinary milk in

,great numbers and very rapidly. The

chief end product of the life activity of
these bacteria is the formation of lactic
acid from the sugar in the milk. It is
known that this bacterium is very sus-
ceptible to the temperature of pasteuriza-
tion, and consequently milk which has
been well pasteurized does not readily
undergo souring. If this milk is kept for
a short period, however, it may become
(-urdled, it may develop an offensive odor,
and in fact, may produce very undesirable
reSults, all of which tend to indicate that
there must have been some other organ-
ism in the milk which was apparently, not
affected or not entirely killed by the
temperature of pasteurization. It is this
discovery that has called a halt some-
what on the practice of pasteurization
of the milk.

One thing is certain. For purpose of
human consumption unclean milk is not
a suitable product to pasteurize in the
ordinary way. Clean milk may be safely
pasteurized but as a rule clean milk does
not need to be pasteurized. The only real
safe remedy in the case of unclean milk
seems to be the complete sterilization,

If pasteurization is practiced by the
retailers of city milk, in our judgment
such milk should be again inoculated af—
ter pasteurization with a pure culture of
the lactic acid bacteria so that the other
forms of bacteria present may be kept
under subjection by the lactic organism.
If this is not feasible then the other ex-
pedient is the pasteurization of the milk
in the home just immediately before use.
The natural souring of milk is ordinarily
quite a protection against the effects of
undesirable, more or less pathogenic bac-
teria.

 

 

LABORATORY REPORT.

At the recent meeting of the Associa-
tion of Feed Control officials of the U. S.,
at its recent convention in Columbus,
Ohio, the following definition of the dif—
ferent feeding stuffs was considered and
adopted.

The object of this designation of the
standards, as they practically are, was
to secure a uniformity in the nomencla—
ture of different well known feeding pro-
ducts which are now on the market.
\Vitnout doubt, many of these will be
later modified by court interpretations
after they have been made the subject of
litigation, but the desirability of having
such fixed standards for the general un~
derslanding of the feeding trade, is ap-
parent to everyone at the outset.

Meal is the clean, sound, ground pro-
duct of the entire grain, cereal or seed
which it purports to represent: Provided,
that the following meals, qualified by
their descriptive names, are to be known
as, viz: Corn germ meal is a product in
the manufacture of starch, glucose and
other corn products and is the germ layer
from which a part of the corn oil has
been extracted. Cottonseed meal is the
meal obtained from the cottonseed kernel
after extraction of part of the oil and
contains not less than 38.50 per bent of
crude protein. Linseed meal is the ground
residue after extraction of part of the
oil from ground flaxseed. Bolted corn
meal is the entire ground product of corn,
bolted.

Grits are the hard, flinty portions of
Indian corn.

DEC. 23. 1911.

Hominy meal, feed or chop is the bran

coating and germ of the corn kernel and;

may contain a part of the starchy portion
of the kernel. ,

Corn feed meal is the sifting obtained
in the manufatcure of cracked corn and
table meal made from the whole grain.

Gluten meal is a product obtained in
the manufacture of starch and glucose
from corn and is the flinty portion of the
kernel which lies in its outer circumfer-
ence just beneath the hull. If the meal
is derived from any other cereal, the
source must be designated.

Corn bran is the outer coating of the
corn kernel.

Gluten feed is a product obtained in
the manufacture of starch and glucose
from corn and is a. mixture of gluten
meal and corn bran to which may be
added the residue resulting from the
evaporation of the so-called “steep-wat-
er.” If derived from any other cereal,
the source must be designated.

Wheat bran is the coarse outer coating
of the wheat berry.

Shorts or standard middlings are the-

fine particles of the outer bran as well as
the inner or “bee-wing” bran separated
from the bran and white middlings.

Shipstuff or wheat mixed feed is a mix-
ture of the by-products from the milling
of the wheat berry.

White wheat middlings are that part
of the offal from wheat left after sep-
arating it from the bran and the shorts
or standard middlings.

Red dog is a low-grade wheat flour
containing the finer particles of bran.

Oat groats are the kernels of the oat
berry with the hulls removed.

Oat shorts. or oat middlings are the
starchy portion of the oat groats obtained
in the milling of rolled oa.s.

Oat hulls are the outer covering of the
oat grain. I

Oat clippings are the small hairs, dust
and ends of oats separated from the oats
in the clipping process and may contain
light oats and oat hulls.

Rice bran is the inner cuticle of the
rice hull.

Rice polish is the flour secured from
the surface of the rice kernels in polish-
ing.

Rice meal or flour is the clean ground
rice. ‘

Rice hulls are the outer covering of the
rice grain. ‘

Flaxseed meal is the entire flax seed
ground.

Flax plant refuse is the flax shives, flax
pods, inferior flaxseeds and the woody
portion of the flax plant or any of the
above materials.

Buckwheat shorts or middlings are that
portion of the buckwheat grain immedi-
ately inside of the hull after separation
from the 'flour.

Blood meal is finely ground dried blood.

Meat meal is finely ground beef scraps.
If it bears a name descriptive of its kinds,
composition or origin, it must correspond
thereto.

Cracklings. are the residue after ex-
tracting the fats and oils from the ani-
mal tissue. If they bear a} name de-
scriptive of their kind, composition or
origin, they must correspond thereto.

Digester tankage is meat scraps from
edible carcasses which have been in-
spected and passed as satisfactory for
human consumption, specially prepared
for feeding purposes through tanking un-
der live steam, drying under high heat
and suitable grinding.

Distillers’ dried grains are the dried
residue from cereals obtained in the man-

ufacture of alcohol and distilled liquors.‘

oThe product shall bear a designation in-
dicating the cereal predominating,
Brewers’ dried grains are the dried
residue from cereals obtained after
"mashing and sparging” the malt.

Malt sprouts are the sprOuts of the»
barley grain. If the sprouts are derived'

from any other malted cereal, the source
must be dwignated. ‘

Cottonseed feed shall be a mixture ‘of
cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls
containing less than 38.50 per cent of
crude protein and shall be plainly mark-
ed “mixture of cottonseed meal and cot—
tonseed hulls.”

Alfalfa meal is the entire alfalfa hay
ground and does not contain an admix-
ture of ground alfalfa straw or other
foreign materials.

Chop is a ground or chop feed com-
posed of one or more different cereals
or lay-products thereof.

Screenings are the smaller imperfect
grains, weed seeds and other foreign ma-
terials having feeding value, separated
in cleaning the grain. They shall be
designated by the name of the seed from
which they are derived.

 

 

. :

 

 

 

 


  
   

 
 

   
  

. :

 

 

  
 

 

. time before.

, his astonishment.

kindly was his hearing!

 

 

WITH SANTA CLAus AT‘ THE NORTH

POLE.

‘ BY WILLIAM: murmnorr.

It was but a few days before Christ-
mas, still Howard had not-yet written
his letter to Santa. Claus. But as there
were a number of things he wanted very
badly, he hunted a few sheets of, his
very best note paper and his golden tip-
ped fountain pen, and sat down to write.

Having played very hard that day,

over his task, not knowing just how to
begin.

Just as his head began to nod gently
over his paper a tiny object sprang upon
the table with a clatter. HoWard jumped
up quickly and saw a beautiful fairy be-
fore him. He knew her at once; she was
the fairy Fancy. It was Fancy who had
taken Howard and Annabel through the
Rainbow Gate into Fairyland but a short
There they had enjoyed a
pleasant romp until the Dream Killer had
chased them out again.

“Come,” exclaimed Fancy, as soon as
Howard had recovered somewhat from
“I have come to take
you to Santa Claus at the North Pole!”

Before he had time to say a word,
Howard found himself shrinking into
fairy size, a pair of fairy sandals grow—
ing on his ankles. A window blew open
with a clatter; through this Howard and
Fancy flew at once.

It was a bitter cold night. Snow was
heaped up in huge drifts as far as the
eye could see and a frightful blizzard was
raging furiously. But the two travelers
towards the 'North Pole were not cold at
all, the air being as warm as on the
mildest summer days where they were,
high in the air, above the storm clouds
and towards the stars. Through the fairy
magic of Fancy, Howard could not feel
the cold.

How far away the pole seemed! " 0n,
and on. they sped, for hundreds and hun-
dreds of miles, their faces ever towards
the north. But when they came to the
place where the sun was going round and
round without setting, Howard knew that
they did not have so very far to go any
more. ,

Suddenly Howard gave a gasp of as-
tonishment. Far away, almost directly
below him, he saw a great temple gleam-
ing in the sunlight, its silver dome rcach~
ing into the very skies. A short distance
from the temple stood a huge brick build-
ing, with thick clouds of smoke pouring
from hundreds of stacks.

“That beautiful white building is the
Temple of Christmas, where the Spirit of
Christmas dwells,” said Fancy, in answer
to the questions of Howard. “You know
that you mortals celebrate Christmas be-
cause the Savior was born on that splen-
did day. The brick building is Santa
Claus’ factory, where all the Christmas
toys are made."

By this time the two travelers were
flying through the open doors of the tem-
ple. Scarcely were they inside the beau-
tiful building when they were met by
Annabel and another fairy. Howard
greeted them joyously.

“Goody!” he cried.

Howard and Annabel, with Fancy and
her sister fairy leading the way, contin-
ued their flight through spacious room
after room until they came to the most
splendid mansion of all, placed directly
under the dome. Winged angels were
fluttering about the doorway, as if keep-
ing guard; other angels flitted about the
chamber. In the center of the gorgeous
room a kindly faced man, all dressed in
white and with a halo about his head,
was seated before an enormous desk
reading the millions of letters that at-
tendant angels were bringing him.

“That is the Spirit of Christmas read-
ing the letters that children from all over
the world are sending to Santa Claus,
telling what they want for Christmas,”
explained Fancy to the awe-stricken pair.

The Spirit of Christmas was almost
buried under the crush of letters, each
one addressed in some childish hand to
Santa Claus at the North Pole. The
wonder of it all was how the saintly
Spirit of Christmas ever found time to
read them all.

The Spirit of Christmas looked up
quickly when his visitors entered. "Good
day." he said slowly, in a marvelously
musical voice, as he opened another let-
ter. “What can I do for you today, my
little ones?" he asked. hardly pausing

in his work.

How majestic he looked, and how
Howard and

   

x
l

Annabel began to understand why the
Spirit of Christmas should be so beloved.

“If you please, sir," and Howard
might not have known what to say had
not the friendly eyes beamed so encour-
agingly, “if you please, Annabel and I
came to tell you what we wanted for
Christmas. Fancy showed us the way,
for we never could have found this place
alone.” , _

The Spirit of Christmas smiled at
Fancy and the other fairy. It was very
evident that they knew each other very
well indeed.

“Hm,” said the Spirit of Christmas in
reply to Howard. “Are you sure you de—
serve anything? Annabel does, I know,
but I am not so positive about you. It
seems to me that my big book has some
very bad things about you.” He grasped
a. ponderous volume which was near his
elbow and opened it at 'a place where
Howard’s name was written in a queer
sort of handwriting.

“There is that matter of prayers,” said
the Spirit, apparently reading from his
book. “You have said them every even-
ing before going to bed, I suppose?”

Howard colored guiltily. His birthday
had been but a few. weeks before and he
remembered having forgotten his prayers
that night, out of pure joy for the day.
Howard sheepishly mentioned the omis-
sion.

“My book shows that you have forgot-
ten several times,” corrected the Spirit
of Christmas, somewhat severely. “Then
again, last Christmas evening you didn't
remember to give thanks for all of your
beautiful presents. That was bad, but
we will let it pass this once. I am sure
you will be more careful in the future.
But there is another matter. I suppose
you know why Santa Claus comes every
Christmas to give presents to the little
children.

“Of course,” answered Howard prompt-
ly, “because he loves the little ones.”

The Spirit of Christmas looked stern.
“Not bad, but it is not enough. Did you
ever hear of the Christ child?”

Howard had. He glibly told all about
the birth of the Savior at Bethlehem, the
wonderful star, and the three wise men.

“That is why Santa Claus comes every
year with presents; because the Christ
child was born on Christmas eve. I am

glad you know the story anyway, and I,

am sure you will not forget to keep the
fact in mind the next time you dance
around the big Christmas tree with your
father and mother.” _

Howard promised that he would re-
member. But he was beginning to feel
very uncomfortable under the searching
questions.

“Just one matter more, and then I am
done.” The Spirit of Christmas took afinal
peep into his book. “Of course, you al—
ways share your presents with your
comrades and those less fortunate than
you, do you not?”

Howard became very red' in the face.
He remembered only too well that the
last time he had struck little Jimmy, the
neighboring boy who was so poor that he
had received only some clothes for Christ-
mas, for wanting to coast with him on
his new sled.

“That sled part is not the worst, by
any means,” declared the Spirit of Christ-
mas, reading aloud from his book. ”‘Al-
though there were a hundred pennies in
his Christmas stocking, he wouldn’t even
give that beggar in the street one of them
when he'asked for it in the name of the
holy day,’ but why keep on,” suddenly
broke off the Spirit of Christmas. “I am
sure there are some ways in which you
can improve yourself so that you will re-
ceive many presents.” And he smiled
kindly at Howard, who was trying hard
to keep back the tears.

As Howard gazed at the benignant
Spirit of Christmas he was suddenly
struck with the likeness of his features
to the many pictures of Christ that he
had seen, and he suddenly realized that
the Spirit of Christmas was nothing but
the Spirit of Christ.

“Well, good-by,” and the Spirit waved

his hand in a friendly manner. "Come
again next year; I know there will be
nothing but good in the book about you
then. Meanwhile, Fancy, you had better
take them to Santa Claus and his fac—
tory.”

Instantly the travelers were wafted to
the big main door of the smoking brick
building. Howard noticed that his and
Annabel's wings now dropped off, and
that they became a plain boy and girl
again as soon as a funny little guard in
a red uniform had let them in.

And such a factory! Howard had nev-
er seen the like before. It is true that his
father had once taken him through a
place where there were hundreds of men

' THE ~ ‘MicHiG’AN" PARMER. *

sawing away at boards and pounding

nails, but here there were not hundreds ,

by thousands of workmen. The things
that they were making reminded him of
the stores at Christmas time, for the en-
tire factory was one vast toyshop.

As it was against the rules for visitors
to be shown through the toyshop, as ex-
plained by a guard in purple uniform,
they Were taken directly to Santa Claus'

oflice.
Santa Claus proved to be a dear old

gentleman, fat and jolly, and having a
fuzzy white head. He was seated in a
splendid office, in which scores of clerks
were seated, working at typewriters and
big books. Angel messengers from the
temple in which the Spirit of Christmas
resided were bringing messages all the
time, telling Santa Claus to make a doll
for this girl and a sled for that boy, and
other toys for still other children. Santa
Claus would have his clerks put this down
in his big ledgers, and then the order to
manufacture the toys would be given the
factory foreman, and the order to de-
livcr the toys would be given to the keep—
er of the six reindeers. For, you see,
with such millions and millions of toys to
deliver all in one night, Santa Claus had
to have very much help indeed. He is
nothing but the messenger of the Spirit

of Christmas, or of Christ, after all.
Howard and Annabel were very
thoughtful as they sped through the
clouds with the two fairies once more.
Both had learned a lesson that would re.-

main with them through after life.
GIVING WITHOUT EXPECTED RE-
TURN. '

 

 

BY L. M. THORNTON.

“Christmas comes but once a year,”
chanted the Post children on their way to
school. “Vi"hen it comes—” shouted Fred
Gillis, but the song was never finished
for Harry Post was quick of arm and
sturdy of build, and from many past ex-
periences he knew that if left to Fred
Gillis the Christmas song might be sadly
altered in the singing. His triumph was
only temporary, however, for shortly after
the opening of the morning session he
received a note and, innocently opening
it, read:

Christmas comes but once a year:

When it comes we won‘t be here.”
The school vacation began the Friday

before Christmas and lasted over New
Year’s, and this, even had there been no
anticipatiOn of presents, would have
made the day one to rejoice over, for the
teacher of the Block school ruled with a
will of iron and her pupils obeyed from
good wholesome fear rather than affec-
tion.

Fred Gillis was the bad boy of the
school. No one accused him of dullness;
he could learn his lessons in half the
time required by his mates but, as the
time thus saved was spent in devising
mischief, the gain was not appreciated.
Toward the Post children be cherished a.
peculiar animosity. Perhaps it was be-
cause thcy dressed better, perhaps on
account of larger pieces of pie and lighter
doughnuts in their dinner baskets. Per-
hapsw—hut who can fathom the reasons
for a child’s likes and dislikes?

On the Friday before Christmas mat-
ters reached a climax. Bessie Post
brought with her to school a small, yet
favorite, doll and six of its prettiest
dresses. At noon the doll and clothes
had disappeared; their timely discovery
in Fred Gillis’ pocket brought down upon
his auburn head the wrath of all the fem-
inine attendants of the school, and sev-
eral Big Brothers volunteered to thrash
him, good and plenty, as soon as the
teacher had gone her destined way and
interference from that quarter could be
ignored.

In the excitement of putting away books
and closing the doors for two weeks, the
doll incident was, however, happily for-
gotten and all troopod away apparently in
the best of spirits. But that night the
Post children poured into paternal cars
the story of the day's grievances. How-
ever, instead of the expected result they
were astounded at the suggestion offered.
This was none other than that they
should keep the coming Christmas by
giving to the tw0 Gillis children some of
the very nicest toys, purchased with
hard—earned spending money, to be dis-
tributed among themselves.

At first the idea was not warmly wel—
comed, but an earnest talk on the bles-
sednesspf giving without expected re-
turn changed the current, and three little
enthusiasts began the selecting of pres-
ents for the long disregarded children.

On Christmas morning a well-filled bas-
ket was borne on the sturdy arm of Harry
Post to the Gillis domicile. When Fred
opened the door he was surprised to see

DEC. 23, 1911'. '
A SONG FOR CHRISTMAS DAY.

.__._ -
BY MILDRED M'NEAL-SWEENEY.

Now when all thoughts are tender,
When gentle wishes start,

And dreams of happier living;
'And up Within each heart

The sweet old pulse of giving
Renews our fallen worth—

Oh, let me be the lender
To the weary of the earth!

For these how little pleasure!
How poor a life they found!
Hot noon—and night—and morning
For them, the long year round,
And the old, shrill, clamorous warning
For each new dawning day_
How full, Lord, is my measure!
.And none I gave away!

For those pacing solitary
The joyous ways of men,
“’hose fair hopes have fallen hollow,
those loves were loved in vain,
thom no sweet wishes follow
Nor care.of sweeter deeds,
Oh hearts! Return and tarry!
Be tender with their needs!

And for all those who loved me—
Who lingered faithfully

In every strait beside me,
And with that golden key

Of love found out and tried me—
Unlocked~so little to find,

Lord. for all those who love me,
Let me not fall behind!

But let this cold affection

Bloom up and fill my heart,
Looking ever for sweeter morrows

Than these, and bidding depart
All vain and empty sorrows.

Let joy and courage be high
Till from each far direction

They come—and touch—and try.

This is the honest spending!
No borrowed coin—nor base,
But coin of this my spirit
And of mine own true grace.
And mine owu hand must share it,
lVith all—and at my door.
The true, the happy lending
ls this—and is no more.

 

the face of his old-time foeman wreatbed
in Christmas smiles.

”A Merry Christmas and a Happy New
Year," shouted the visitor, “and this is
from all of us, to all of you, with the
best wishes of the season."

When Fred Gillis recovered his breath
the giver had disappeared, but the basket
remained.

Two very happy children removed
treasure after treasure from its keeping _
and the hours of their Christmas Day
were made bright by nuts and candles
and dolls and skates, treasures they had
never hoped to possess.

Just at dusk the basket was returned
to the Post home, and when the children
opened it they found this little note in
the very bottom:

Postses:——
- We’re awfle glad and I’m awfle sorry.
i can’t keep the things, though, without
telling you that I didn‘t take your little
(loll just to tease you. It was worse than
that.‘ You see, Dad's been out of work
all winter and there want no money for
Christmas things, but Sis she was just
wild to have a doll and I thought maybe
you wouldn’t miss such a tiny little one
so I washgoing to take it to her. That
was stealing l ’spose, but I’m never going
to feel tempted again.
Christmas comes but once a year,
\l’hen it comes it makes you dear.
_ _ GILLESES.
The minister the next Sunday talked

about loving your enemies and doing
good to them that despitefully use you,
and one little Post nodded to another lit-
tle Post, and that nod meant: We know
more about that than the minister does,
'cause maybe he’s only talkin' theory,
but we’ve tried it.

 

_.____'_,

OUTDOOR CH RISTMAS FESTIVITIES.

BY FRANK H. SWEET.

A track athletic meet, with the con-
testants on skates, makes a desirable
Christmas week entertainment. Mark off,
with a sharp spike, the 100—yard course,
and the mile-distance race. For the
third event, a hurdle race will prove pop-
ular. Construct the hurdles out of
Christmas greens, giving a width of sev—
en feet, drawing the greens taut by
means of two poles. This will give a
festival flavor to the event. Select a
regular judge of the course and have an
official time-keeper. This style of out—
door games will delight all ages of boys.
Prizes of a holiday nature will not give
too commercial a tone to the events.

A Christmas Coasting Party.

Perhaps the girls will think they have
been neglected in the outside sports. For
their benefit, and for that reason not
omitting the boys, a coasting party may
be organized with rival bobs. Let there
be a competition for distance, carried out
over the level snow of the road or lake
at the foot of the drop. A marking ap-
paratus can be constructed with ever-
green lines, which will be etched out in
green against the white snow.

For the Laggards. .
In any celebration where real skill and

  

 


 

 

564. (16)
energy are required. there is sure to be
a number of lagards, sluggards, very
small children, and persons of years who
are either stout or rheumaticf It seems
a pity that they should miss all the fun,
and yet, in a strenuous athletic affair,
they would all be hopelessly out of it.

For all such, and for them only, “back-
sliders” in skating, infants in years, and
cripples in action, a snow-ball race on
skates is attractive. A loo-yard arrange-
ment of snowballs, placed one. for each
second ward, will be found available.
Some of the contestants, whose skating
is mainly a study of tumbles, will make
a good finish by getting down on hands
and feet and crawling between the mis-
siles. No good skaters should be allowed
to enter.

THE’MICHIGAN FARMER.

The snowballs are easy .of construction.
They are made of emptied round candy
boxes—the left-overs of a wholesale can-
dy store (or anything similar)—-and are
covered with cotton wool, with string at—
tached. The effect is of a fluffy white—
ness, more realistic than life. .

The five or six lines of white pellets
for the first five or six contestants are
finished off at each starting point by a
Christmas tree—a five-foot evergreen. It
is the duty of each entry, as he stumbles
in with his wooly snowball, to hang it
on his individual tree. The final victory
goes, not to the one who first succeeds
in hanging all the balls, but to the first
one who completes his tree artistically.
The balls must be hung symmetrically,
making the tree balance.

 

 

THE BACHELOR UNCLE

BY EVERITT McNEIL.

Synopsis of Preceding Chapters—John
Delvin, farmer, bachelor, is suddenly in-
formed that his niece and nephew are
being sent to him for safe keeping while
their parents take a vacation trip His
consternation at this responsibility proves
to be well founded as Teddy the nephew,
is a young dare devil, and Ellen, his
sister, is his ardent worshiper. They have
never been in the country before and
have some wild ideas about conditions
there. This fact brings them into many
unusual and amusing situations which
prove very trying to Mary Jane, the
Bachelor Uncle’ s conscientious and sedate
old housekeeper. Little El’lens innocent
observation that Uncle John ought to
have a wife brings out the fact that the
uncle has had a serious love affair and
that, for some mysterious reason, the
woman whom he loved, Elsie Lamont,
and who he was convinced loved him,
turned from him to Harry Rodney, a
wealthy man of his own age in the neigh—
borhood, and who was known to resemble
Delvin physically. Their wedding is near
at hand. On an exploring trip Teddy
and Ellen see a young woman, Belle
Murdock. fall from a high bank into the
creek. They drag her out, seriously in-
jured. Soon Rodney and Miss Lamont
happen along and assist the injured
woman, later taking her to her home.
As Belle Murdock’s father, Red Mur-
dock, is a worthless fellow, and she is
practically the sole support and caretaker
of little Joey, her crippled brother, Delvin
goes over to the house in the morning to
offer his assistance, taking Teddy and
Ellen with him. As they approach the
house they meet Rodney coming away.
They find the injured girl suffering greatly
and Ellen proposes to stay with Joey
while Delvin and Teddy go to town to
secure a doctor and nurse.

 

She took her arms from around Joey‘s
neck and coming to where I stood said,
“Uncle John I want to whisper to you.”

I bent my head.

“Please excuse me," and she nodded
to Joey and Teddy, then she placed her
mouth close up to my ear and whispered:
“Uncle John I did want to go to town,
but I think it’s too bad to leave little
Joey all alone with his sick sister. I
think he’s hungry! and I want to stay
just to see that he gets all he can eat
once. I can stay, can’t I, Uncle John?”

“Of course you can, if you really wish
to,” I answered, kissing her. “Come,
Teddy, say good—bye to Miss Murdock and
Joey, and we’ll be going.”

\Vhen we reached Plumville we found
the town nearly covered with huge post-
ers, announcing that Bell Brothers' Great
-Allied Shows would exhibit there next
Friday afternoon and evening. Teddy
became greatly excited over the pictorial
representations of the wonders to be done
and seen at this show; and, at last, he
said: "Uncle John, if my papa was here
I know he would take Ellen and me to see
this show. I do wish papa was here,”
and he heaved a great sigh.

I smiled, and thought of the time when
I was a boy, and what a circus then
meant to me, and answered: “Well, Ted—
dy, I am very glad to know that you wish
to go, because I was intending to take
you and Ellen. But, are you sure it will
not be too dull and tiresome for you? It
will last some three or four hours.”

Teddy looked at me in astonishment.
“Why, Uncle John!" Then he burst out
laughing. “Of‘course, you are only jok-
ing; but I do think I could look at lions
and tigers and elephants and bears and
circus men forever without getting tired.
And there’s going to be some cowboys
and real live Indians, and they are going
to make believe fight—Oh, you are‘ good,
Uncle John, and when I write to mama
and papa again I am going to tell them
that you are the best uncle that ever
lived ”

At the postofi‘lce we found letters await-
ing Teddy, Ellen and myself from their
father and mother. Teddy eagerly read
his, and then looking up at me remarked:
“I don’ t think mamma and papa are hav-

ing as much fun as we are, ’cause they
don’t write of their doing anything or
seeing anything exciting or thrilling. I
am glad I came here.”

Doctor Goldthorp promised to call at
Red Murdock’s during the day, and to
report to me the result of his visit. Widow
Thorpe was willing to care for Belle
Murdock, for a consideration, and accom-
panied us on our return.

When I drove into Red Murdock's yard
I looked eagerly toward the windows, ex-
pecting to see Ellen and Joey at one of
them, watching for us, but neither child
was in sight, and no sounds of childish
laughter or words came from the house.
I hurried to the door, fearful of what had
happened. “Sh-h-!” stopped me at its
threshold. On a piece of old rag carpet,
spread on the floor, sat Ellen, with the
head of Joey pillowed on her lap. The
boy was sound asleep, and he smiled
sweetly as he slept.

Ellen placed a warning finger on her
lips, and said softly: “Joey is asleep,
and the hurt woman is asleep, and please
don’t wake them up. Poor boy!” and the
little mother placed her hand tenderly on
the white forehead. The child smiled, as
if an angel had touched him.

Very quietly Widow Thorpe and I en-
tered the room, and I set the things I had

bought in town on the table, and care-
fully slipped a pillow under Joey’s head,
and lifted Ellen to her feet; and then

Teddy came in on his tiptoes and placed
on the floor, where Joey would see them
the moment he opened his eyes, a set of
tin soldiers, a toy gun, a candy elephant,
and three big yellow oranges and a bag of
nuts, all of which he had bought with
his own money “to make Joey laugh.”

Chapter Vll.—The Cat Gets the Cod-

Liver Oil.

As we drove out of the yard Ellen
said: “I am glad I stayed, Uncle John,
’cause I know Joey’s had all he could eat
for once; and the hurt woman was glad
I stayed, too, ’cause she kissed me and
said I was a good girl, and Joey he
looked so happy and comfortable when he
was eating, and I felt warm and com-
fortable all over, too; and then the beau-
tiful woman came. Oh, Uncle John, she
is good! She washed and combed the
hurt woman, and fixed her bed and tidied
up the room, and kissed me, and asked
for Teddy; and I told her that he had
gone to town with you, and that you
would be back in a little while—And, oh,
Uncle John, she isn’t married, ’cause I
asked her! And I told her to wait until
you came back, and I would introduce
her to you. And then she looked queer,
and said she had to hurry home, and she
kept looking down the road and kind ’0
frightened like. You don‘t suppose she
ran away from home, do you, Uncle John?
And she put her things on ‘quick, and
said good—by and went down the road,
walking fast. I hope her father don’t
punish her. If he does he’s a bad man,
’cause she was doing good to the poor.
After she had gone I played Joey was my
little boy, and we had lots of fun. And
then the hurt woman went to sleep, and
we had to keep still. And then Joey got
sleepy, too, and I played he was my baby,
and he went to sleep with his head on my
lap, and after a long time you came. Oh,
I’d like to see Joey when he wakes up
and sees the tin soldiers and things! He’ll
be so happy and I think he is just beau-
tiful when he smiles.”

Then, Teddy had to tell Ellen all about
his trip to town, and the circus, and how
I had promised to take them both, and
his letter from their father and mother;
and then she had to have her letter, and
I had to stop the horses right then and
there and read it to her, " ’cause mam-

   

ma’s letters had queer crooks in them,”
and it might contain something “import-
ant.” When I had finished there were
tears in Ellen’s eyes. “Oh, I wish I could
see my mamma and papa,” she said,
choking a little over the words. "I don’t
believe I could live if my mamma should
die. Poor sick Joey, he has no mamma!"
and she began to sob.

I took the tender-hearted little girl in
my arms and comforted her as best I
could.

“You’ re ’most as good as my papa and
mamma,” she said, snuggling up close to
me. “But I do feel awful sorry-for little
Joey, and I do love my mamma and papa.”

That night, when Ellen was undressed
and ready for bed, she came and perched
herself on the arm of my chair, wearing
a very sober face.

“Uncle John,” she asked, "do little girls
who love their papa and mamma always
mind them? And are they wicked if they
don't?"

“Yes, at least they always try to mind,
and it is very naughty not to obey the
wishes of papa and mamma," I answered.
“What is troubling my little girl?”

To my surprise Ellen burst into tears.
“I have been a wicked, wicked girl!" she

sobbed, and, jumping down from the
chair, she ran to Mary Jane. "Get me
the cod-liver oil,” she said.

And when Mary Jane had the bottle

in her hand she ordered her to pour out
a "big" spoonful, which she drank, and
then, with the look of a martyr on her
face, called for another spoonful.

“Bless me!” Mary Jane exclaimed, look-
ing at Ellen in astonishment, but begin:
ning to pour out the oil.

“Hold up!” I cried. “Give her the bot-
tle, Mary Jane!”

Without a word Ellen took the bottle,
glanced at me, and then with a white
face placed the bottle to her lips, ready
to drink it to the last drop.

“Bring the bottle here, Ellen,” I said.

In a moment Ellen, bottle in hand, was
by my side.

Very gently I lifted her up into my
arms and kissed the tear—stained face.
“Now, Ellen, tell Uncle why it is you
think yourself a wicked girl, and what the
cod—liver oil has to do with it.”

“My mamma told me to take a spoon-
ful of cod-liver oil every night, and I
didn’t,” she sobbed. “I gave it to the
cat, ’cause the cat liked it and I didn’t.
Do you suppose mamma will forgive me
if I take a whole bottle full tonight to

make up and to punish myself? I do
love mamma and I will mind her.”

Dear, brave little girl!

“Ellen,” I answered, “Uncle is very

happy to find that when you have done a
wrong you are ready to do all that you
can to make that wrong right, something,
alas, we older ones are not always so
willing to do. But, listen, I wish to read
to you the letter I received from your
mother today,” and I took the letter out
of my pocket and read:

“Dear John:—

Your letter just received. I am glad
you did not send that telegram; for I am
sure you will like Teddy and Ellen, and
I know they will not be the least bit of
trouble to you. Of course that awful
catastrophe you hint of will never hap-
pen. I did not know you were 50 fussy,
or I should have sent the children to you
before—to cure you. Hope they are not
too late.

Yes, if you think best, Ellen need not
take the cod-liver oil. Poor little girl! I
did not know she thought it such “hor-
rid stuff.” Give it to the cat. But don't
tell Ellen of this until after she has read
my letter. I wish to see if she will not
voluntarily acknowledge her fault. I shall
write her a little dissertation on love and
obedience that I feel sure will go to the
right spot, she is such a dear loving little
girl,

Fred, and I are enjoying ourselves im-
mensely.

Love to Mary Jane. Tell her to take
the best of care of my babies.

Goodby. Your loving sister,

Esther.

P. S.»~I hope my little ones are not
causing you any trouble. Please be careful
about their eating. Teddy has the appe—
tite of an ostrich, and needs controlling;

and Ellen has always been delicate. God
guard them and you. Lovingly,
Esther.

“There, Ellen, that means you have
your mother’s forgiveness, and that the
cat has the cod-liver oil.”

Ellen looked into my face wonderingly
for a moment, then she threw her arms
around my neck. “Oh, Uncle John, I
love you! you! you! you!” and she punc-
tuated each “you” with a kiss.

"There, there, that will do,” I said,
putting her down. “Now, run to bed and
think no more about the cod-liver oil.”

Chapter Vll|.—A New Version of an Old
story.

Long after all the rest in the house

were in bed I sat in my easy chair,

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a]

' one. lie,- 1911". '

approaching marriage and with the rack-
ing of my brain over the discovery of some
clew to the mystery that had dishonored
my love. Somehow I could not give up
Elsie, not even now that she was the
promised wife of Harry Rodney. Des-
perate my love was, but not hopeless.
If I could but learn why Elsie had so
suddenly and cruelly broken our engage-
ment and so bitterly scorned my love, I
felt that all might be well. But how?
Harry Rodney I was certain had had a
hand in the matter. The morning’s in-
terview had told me this. There had been
more than the triumph of an honorable
rival in his looks and words. But I had
not the shadow of a fact to base my be-
lief on, not the barest thread of a clue
to connect him with the dethronement
of my love, only an intuitive inner con-
sciousness that he was the man. I care-
fully went over every word and look of
that interview. Why had Rodney been
so particular to. tell me the reason for
his calling on Belle Murdock, and then
lied about it? For it was evident that
Elsie had not sent him, or, why had she
called so soon after he had left? If he
had not come at the‘ request of Elsie,
what could, have brought him to Red
Murdock's house, and why had my pres-
ence there appeared to cause him uneasi-
ness, even fear? What could he have in

‘ common with such a one as Belle Mur-

dock? I tried to discover the beginning
of a clew here, but failed. I searched the
past for a word or look that might give
me the start I needed. If I could but lay
brain to something positive, definite, I
would follow, night and day, until I had
bared the baseness that had robbed me
of my love. If I had but a single accus-
ing fact with which to face Harry Rod-
ney I would go to him and force the
truth from his lips. But, alas, I could
discover nothing that led anywhere! It
was this inability to do anything, when I
would do much, that tried me sorely, and
made me cry out the most bitterly
against my fate. When I went to bed it
was past midnight, and then I lay and
tossed here and there for an hour or
more before sleep came.

Sunday morning I usually lie in bed
until long after the sun has looked into
my bedroom windows, and enjoy thor-
oughly the privilege of opening my eyes,
yawning, and then rolling over and go—
ing to sleep again, or, of lying half
awake, idly dreaming in the soft com-
fort of my bed. To my mind the satis-
fying pleasure of this luxury, known to
those only who are early risers six days
out of the seven, more than compensates
for the trifling discomforts of the other
six mornings. Be that as it may I love
my ease in my bed on a Sunday morning;
but, on this particular morning, the mo-
ment I opened my eyes, Teddy, "who had
been watching me, jumped out of bed.

“That. boy!” I moaned, “and before I
am out of bed!"

I closed my eyes quickly, hoping to de-
lude him into the belief that I was still
asleep; but the little wretch crept up
softly until close to the side of the bed;
then, with a sudden yell and bound, he
landed on top of me, planting one knee
plump on the pit of my stomach.

“Oh, you can't fool me, Uncle John!”
he exclaimed. “I saw your eyes open
Now I am going to get in bed with you,”
and without waiting for my permission,
he snuggled up cldse to me under the bed
clothes. “Tell me a story, Uncle John,"
he demanded. “Papa always tells me
stories on? Sunday mornings, Bible stories
about Saul, and Goliath, and David and
Daniel, and Samson. My, but wasn’t
Samson strong? Tell me about Samson."

Now, I did not remember very clearly
the story of the heroic Samson, but I
fancied I knew the tale sufficiently well
to tell to a ten-year-old boy; at least I
knew it as well as I did any other Bible
story; besides I wanted to keep thelittlc
Wiggler by my side still, if possible. So
I answered, resignedly: “All right, Ted-
dy. I am not much of a story teller nor
am I a Bible student, but I think I re-
member the main points in the Samson
story.” Then I began: “Once upon a
time—”

“That’s not the way to start, interrupt-
ed Teddy. “Only fairy tales begin that
way. Bible stories always commence,
‘And it came to pass’ or ‘And the Lord
said unto Moses' or some such a way."

“And it came to pass,” I began again,
taking my rebuke meekly, “that a child
by the name of Samson was born, and
grew in stature and strength until he be-
came a man. And the God of Israel
breathed into the body of Samson a great
strength, so that he became the most
mighty man in all that land. Now, in
that country, there was a great lion with

three heads and three huge mouths filled
with long sharp ~teeth. And this lion
went about seeking whom he might de-
vour; and he ate up hundreds of people

every day, not counting the babies and

children, whom he ate as desserts only.
And the king of that country was 3. Phil-
istine and afraid of the lion, and his sol-
diers were all Philistines and afraidof
the lion; but Samson was not afraid and
went about seeking the monster, for he
had vowed a vow to find him and fight
and kill the great lion with the three
heads. Now, it came to pass, that one
day as Samson went down into the val-
ley of Sodom, which is over against
Gomorrah, there came a mighty roar
from the mountain side, and, behold, he
saw the three-headed lion coming down
to him, roaring out of his three great
mouths and gnashing his three sets of
teeth together until the foam and blood
fell from his jowls. And he ran to meet
the lion, and as he ran he picked up the
new jawbone of an ass, for he had no
weapon in his hand; and he smote the
lion so mightily with the jawbone that
the lion lay down and died. Now, Sam-

'son was anhungere'd because of the fierce-

ness of the fight, and he sank down on
the ground by a rock, overcome with
weariness. And, behold, there came a
hollow place in the rock, and it was
filled with hasty pudding and milk and
Samson ate and was revived, and went
on his way rejoicing." '

Teddy sat up in bed and looked at me
in astonishment.

“Why, Uncle John!” he exclaimed,
“what Sunday school did you go to? I
never heard a Samson story like that
before! My papa don’t tell it that way.
But it was interesting. Tell me another.”

“It is chore time,” I said, hastily jump-
ing out of bed. “Can’t you hear the pigs
squealing for their breakfast? Come and
help me with the chores, and I will take
you and Ellen to church."

In a moment Teddy was out of bed.
“I don't believe you have time to read
your Bible very much, do you Uncle
John?" he asked, as he pulled on his
trousers, looking at me curiously.

“Now, Teddy,” I answered, “I suppose
I did not get all the details of that Sam-
son story exactly right, but 'I am sure a
lion and the jawbone of an aSS and the
Philistlnes were in it when I went to
Sunday school, and—and—. Say, Teddy,
if you will keep still about that Bible
story I will give you a horseback ride
out to the barn. Come,” and I bent
down.

With a yell Teddy flung himself upon
my shoulders, wound his legs tightly
around my neck, caught hold of an ear
with each hand, and shouted: “Get up!
Get up!” And I galloped with him out
to the barn and there dumped him head
first onto a pile of straw on the barn
floor; and then we helped Jake with the
chores until the breakfast horn blew.

The moment breakfast was done Ellen
jumped down from her chair and, running
into the parlor, came out lugging the big
family Bible in her arms.

“Now, read us a story,” she said, as
she deposited the Bible in my lap. “Papa
always reads a story from the Bible ev-
ery Sunday morning after breakfast, and
then Teddy and I ask. questions, and we
all sing a hymn, and Teddy or I say a
prayer. 'cause papa says God’s ears are
very close to the mouths of children, and
Sunday is a holy day. Now, read the
story Uncle John." She pulled her chair
up close to mine and seating herself in
it looked at me expectantly.

Mary Jane smiled and nodded approv-
ingly. Then she took off her glasses and
wiped the gathering moisture from her
eyes; for her thoughts, like mine, had
gone back to the time when father held
the same good old book in his lap on the
Sunday mornings of long ago, and read
to the yet unbroken family circle. How
sweet and sacred are the memories of the
beloved dead, and their associations, in
1he home.

Very reverently I opened the Bible of
my dead mother and father, and, turning
to the Book of Esther, read of brave
Queen Esther and King Ahasuerus and
Mordecai, and wicked Haman, and of
how Queen Esther had saved the lives of
her people, and had caused the king to
hang wicked Haman on the very gallows
that Haman had builded fifty cubits high
for Mordecai.

"And was wicked Haman hanged on
the very, very same gallows that he had
made for Mordecai?” Ellen asked, her
eyes big with interest, the moment I
closed the book.

“The very same," I answered.

"And did Haman have a wife and little
children, and could they see him hanging

TH'ETVUMICHIGAN FARMER-

there on the gallows fifty cubits high?”

"I suppose so," I replied. '

“And did they cry? 'Cause if they
didn’t he must have been a naughty papa
and I don’t care.”

"I think he ought to have been hanged,
don’t you, Uncle John?” broke in Teddy.
“And it gives one a very comfortable
feeling to have him hanged on the very
same gallows he had made for Mordecai.
But wasn’t Queen Esther brave? I should
like to have seen her when she went to
the king. at the risk of her life. I like
the story of Queen Esther. Now, let us
sing a hymn. Do you know, ‘Onward
Christian Soldiers?’ "

And then we all sang that stirring and
beautiful song, after which we knelt be-
side our chairs, and Ellen said: “You
Dray, Teddy, 'cause you can talk to God
longer than I can."

And Teddy prayed in his simple boy-
ish fashion, as he had been taught by his
parents.

“Amen!” echoed Ellen, heartily when
he had finished.

Somehow I felt stronger and wiser and
better after this simple service, and
something of the bitterness that had poi-
soncd the sore places in my heart was
sweetened.

Chapter lX.-—The Runaway.

On the tOp of a small hill 8. mile from
my home the Christian men and women
of the neighborhood had built a modest
church: and here the farmers for miles
around gathered every Sunday afternoon
at three o’clock to attend divine service.
It was my custom to attend this church;
and that afternoon at half past two
o’clock Jake, looking very hot and un-
comfortable in his “biled” shirt and stiff
collar and cuffs, drove the carriage up to
the horseblock, and we all rode to the
meeting house. A majority of the farm—
ers drove to the church, and a long shed
had been built back of the house for the
accommodation of their horses. When
we arrived this shed was already nearly
filled with light wagons and buggies, and
a knot of men and boys were standing
outside to “gossip a bit” before the ser-
vices. I left the children in charge of
Mary Jane, and went with Jake to the
shed to attend to the fastening of the
horses.

“Good morning, neighbor Dclvin,” and
old Caleb James warmly clasped my
hand. “This is fine growing weather, and
now if the good Lord will o‘nly send us a
little rain things will grow like tarnation.
Re you going to the circus?"

I answered in the affirmative, stopping
to shake hands and chat with the men
for a few minutes.

“I reckoned you would be going, seeing
that listher's youngsters are stopping
with you,” continued Caleb. “I calc’late
on taking Jamie. He’s never seen a cir-
cus. Thcm‘s uncommon fine children of
Esther's. I heard tell how they pulled
Belle Murdock out of the river when she
fell from the rocks. How is Belle com-
ing on?"

“Badly, Caleb, badly,” I answered.
“Doctor Goldthorp called to see her yes—
terday, and he says there is hardly a
fighting chance for her to live. She is
hurt internally."

- “Well, now, that’s too bad! I cal‘clate
there ain’t much can be done for them
internal hurts. You don’t ever know
what is smashed until the post-mortem.
But Belle’s tough as a hickory knot, and
I shouldn’t wonder if she s’prised the
doctors by pulling through. I hope she
will for Joey's sake. She’s been uncom-
mon good to that crippled brother of
hem.”

(To be continued).

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derstood by the multitude, leaves no per-
manent satisfaction. It is only the pleas-
ure derived from the knowledge of a good
deed well done that stays by you and
returns in memory to warm your heart.”

And isn’t it true? Think over the peo-
ple of your acquaintance and pick out
the happy ones. Aren’t they invariably
the busy ones, the ones who are working
with all their heart the most of the time,
with only occasional trips or picnics to
vary the monotony so deadly to every-
body? The happiest women I know are
the mothers of large families, women with
limited incomes who must plan with the
utmost wisdom the expenditure of every
penny, and whose days are filled from
morning until night with toil and thought
for others. They are perfectly happy,
happy because they are so busy they
haven’t time to think of their own feel-
ings.

And yet, for all their “busyness” and
lack of time, they always have more time
than anyone else in the neighborhood. If
there is sickness in the home of a neigh-
bor it is always the busy woman who
offers her help, and who finds time to
run in every day with some delicacy for
the invalid. If a child is left homeless,
the busy mother of a brood always finds
room for one more and time to take care
of the orphan. She always has time to
do church work and charitable work, and
her home is never neglected while she is
doing it. She has time because she loves
work, thinks about it and plans it so that
it may be done with the least expenditure
of time and energy, while the woman who
doesn’t like it devotes her thought to
scheming to get rid of it and so have
more time for pleasure.

After all, the pleasure seekers are the

 

 

 

Dee“

 

cede

 

 

 

 

{r a? n

 

Is In Honest Work.

most discontented, wretched women on
earth. Have you ever studied the faces
of the women of money who are in that
enviable position of “not having to lift
a hand if they don‘t want to?” I have
often watched them carefully at public
gatherings and never yet have I seen a.
happy face. Discontent, envy, selfishness,
bad temper are the prominent character-
istics. They are always wishing for
something “different,” something more
than they now have, especially something
a little better than the others in their
“set” possess. They look yOu over, not
with an eye to your innate worth, but
with a coldly critical eye which appraises
the value in dollars and cents of the
clothes you have on. They want to know
you not for what you are, but for what
you can do for them. And they have de—
veloped this disposition simply because
they have always been free to think only
of themselves.

It sounds nice to hear about people who
don’t have to work, but in actual truth
they are .the least to be envied of all
mortals. And when you think things over
honestly you know it is true. Ever no-
tice how uneasy and restless you are
when you go for a week’s visit with some
friend? You are like a fish out of water
after the first two days, unless you are
constantly going somewhere to keep your
mind occupied. How many times have
you said, "The hardest work I can do is
to go visiting?” And you are right, be-
cause the hardest work anyone can do is
to stop work and keep contented.

After all, we shouldn’t be harsh with
the idle rich when they go wrong. It
would be against nature for them to do
anything else. They must do something
and if there is no good honest work for
them to do, of course they will do some-
thing bad.

“Satan finds some mischief still for idle
hands to do,” may be a rather trite ex-
pression, but there is none truer.

DEBORAH.

 

THE SEASON OF GOOD-WILL.

 

BY BERTA HART NANCE.
Some minor poet has written a little
quatrain on the Christmas bells.

”Throughout the year their clangor fills
the sky
With creeds of man, too oft sin de-
filed,
But, when at last the fields in ermine lie.
They sweetly join to praise the new—
born Child.”

Is it not true of people, as well as
bells? Many a spirit, “out of tune and
harsh," the year round, sends forth a
merry chime, to continue the metaphor,
on that day of days. Christmas is prob-
ably the most universal festival of all.
Even in distant Asiatic countries where
the story of the Christ is not believed the
Christian observance has established an
expression of mutual good-will, and the
annual bestowal of gifts is a custom
that prevails to a surprising extent.

Some of us are quite content to enjoy
the Christmas tree and Christmas cus—
toms without any thought of their his-
tory, but others are worthy descendants
of Paul Pry and like to get at the root
of things. A puzzling business it is.
when one tries to find out Something
about the history of the Christmas tree,
for nearly every mythologist has a little
different manner of explaining why the
evergreen was chosen for our great fes—
tival day. The first written account we
have of a Christmas tree tells us that the
tree was hung by its roots and appeared
to be dropping its gifts upon those for
whom they were intended. No candles
are mentioned.

Of course, the human family has always
delighted in evergreens for decoration.
In ancient Egypt there was a common
custom of adorning the houses at the
time of the winter solstice with branches
of the date palm. This palm was the
emblem of immortality. The tree puts
forth a shoot every month and a branch

containing twelve shoots was a symbol
of the completed year. In Greece the
custom still continues of ornamenting
temples and homes with mistletoe, a
ceremony which many suppose is con-
fined to the British isles. The Romans
used laurel and bay because they signi-
fied triumph and consequent peace. Some
prefer to believe that the common prac-
tice of decking the houses and churches
at Christmas is derived from ancient
Druid practices. It was an old belief
that the syivan spirits might flock to the
evergreens, and remain unnipped by frost
until a milder season.

An old German legend makes St. Win-
ifred the inventor of the Christmas tree
idea. Surrounded by a crowd of his con-
verts he was cutting down an enormous
oak tree which the Druids had formerly
worshipped. Suddenly a whirlwind passed
over the forest and tore the oak from the
ground. In the vista thus left open, stood
a beautiful young fir. Turning to the
people, the priest said:

“This little tree, young and beautiful,
shall be your holy tree tonight. It is the
wood of peace, for your houses are built
of fir. It is the sign of an endless life,
for its leaves are ever green.”

Strange, indeed, were some of the ear-
lier Christmas practices. The custom of
singing canticles called carols was sug-
gested by the songs of the choir on that
first Christmas night when the Star of
Bethlehem shone over the place where
the young child lay. The bishops and
lower clergy often joined with the popu-
lace in the carols, and the songs were in-
termingled with dances. Fathers, moth-
ers, sons and daughters mingled together
in the dance, each bearing a lighted
taper. During the last days preceding
Christmas it is still the custom for Cala-
brlan minstrels to descend from the
mountains to Naples and Rome, saluting
the shrines of the Virgin Mother with
their wild music, under the poetical no-

tion of cheering her until the birthday of
her infant at the approaching Christmas
tide.

Among the revels of the Christmas sea-
son were the so-called “feast of fools"
and of asses, grotesque saturnalia, which
Were sometimes termed “December liber~
ties," in which everything serious was
b'urlesqued. In England, in the houses of
the nobles a Lord of Misrule or Abbot
of Unreason was often appointed, whose
office .was to “make rare pastimes” and
whose dominion lasted from “All-Hallow
Eve," which is the last day of October,
to Candelmas Day. The larder was filled
with the richest store and the- feasting at
that time must have become proverbial
for the Italians have the saying: “He
has more business than English ovens at
Christmas.”

A glowing fire, made of great logs, the
largest of which was called the Yule log,
kept out the severity of the weather. The
Yule log, sometimes called the Christmas
block, was burned until Candelmas Eve.
It was carefully selected from some tree
that is wholly disassociated from pagan
rites. The aspen was barred because it
is said to be the tree from which the
cross was made. The oak, the fir, the
cedar, and the larch, never the yew, were
the favored trees for this occasion. The
head of the household cut: the Yule log,
brought it in, arranged it in the fireplace,
and lit it with his own hand. This cere-
monial was supposed to keep evil fortune
from his home for the year to come.

The first and favorite dish on Christ-
mas day was a soused boar’s head, which
was carried to the place of honor with
great state, upon a silver platter, while
the bearer chanted a Latin rhyme.
Strange that no such ceremony is ever
observed with the great American bird,
the turkey, which has long since sup-
planted the humble inhabitant of the sty.

But we must not forget our royal Santa.
It is a far cry from a stately Archbishop
in episcopal robes to the rotund gentle-
man who comes silently down the chim-
ney once a year. Yet time and custom
has wrought the change and the Saint
Nicholas, to whom children once looked
for toys and sweetmeats, has become the
Santa Claus of modern times. For Saint

Nicholas was a very real man, and it was
an act of Christian charity performed
while he was Archbishop of Lycia, that
led to his being credited with the whole-

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plain Tunisian Croquet.
sale bestowal of gifts at Christmas. Com-
ing in touch with many of the youthful
members of his flock, he became especially
interested in three beautiful young girls
the daughters of an impoverished noble-
man. The Saint, who had inherited a
fortune, went secretly to the nobleman's
home and threw into the window, at the
feet of the eldest daughter, a purse or

 

gold, sufficient for a marriage dower,
thus insuring lier a happy future. Some
time later he did the same kindness for
the second daughter. In some way the
story became known and after the death
of Saint Nicholas, the nuns in the con-
vents of the east followed his example
by making secret gifts to their friends.
Gradually the custom became world wide.

 

HERRING-BONE STITCH.

Editor Household Department:—~Can you
tell me how the tricot or Afghan stitch is
made? Also herring-bone stitch?—E. D.

In herring-boning two parallel rows of
stitches are formed, the thread crossing
diagonally between. See sampler. A
short stitch is taken toward the worker
along first one edge and then the other,
the thread being thrown back out of the
way, so that it crosses through the cen-
ter when drawn to place.

Afghan Stitch.

Plain Tunisian crochet is often called

Afghan stitch. It requires a long, straight

 

 

 

 

 

Herring-bone Stitch.

hook, since all the stitches for a row
must be on the hook at one time, much
as in knitting. '

Crochet as many chain stitches as
width of work requires, 12 being used in
the accompanying sampler. T e first half
of the row is called the “loop row,” and
is made this way: Thrust the hook
through the chain stitch next: to that
one upon the hook and draw the thread
through, retaining the loop thus made
upon the hook. Repeat this process for
each chain stitch remaining, when there
will be an equal number of loops upon
the book. These are now crocheted off
by what forms the second half of the
row, thus completing it. Turn the thread
round the hook and'draw it through the
nearest loop; turn thread round hook
again and draw through two loops, one
being that previously drawn through and
the other the next one of the “loop row.”
Continue thus turning the thread round
the hook and drawing through two loops
until the row is finished.

Additional rows are made by thrusting
the book through each vertical stitch of
previous row in turn, drawing the thread
through, and retaining each loop thus
formed upon the hook until end of row is
reached, when they are crocheted off as
before. .

To decrease, crochet two stitches to-
gether. To increase thrust the hook
through one of the horizontal stitches
between the vertical ones, drawing the
thread through to form an extra loop.

ITHE CHRISTMAS TABLE.

 

 

BY LALIA MITCHELL.
Never overload the table from which

the Christmas dinner is to be served.
Let it suggest the holiday season and de-
pend upon the good things prepared for
the feast to furnish the necessary dec-
orations.

If the dinner be an evening one, cover
the cloth with a thin layer of cotton bat-
ting covered with diamond dust. In the
center have either a. wreath of holly with
its many red berries, or a snowbank
formed of boxes covered with batting and
diamond dust. If the latter is used set
small evergreen trees along the summit
or dot it with tiny silver leaf cornucopias
filled with small fruits and nuts.

At each plate have a small candle with
a shade of bright red tissue paper embel-
lished with a very small wreath of holly.

A!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


I‘ “

 

   

Duo. 23. i911.

> The eflect of this simple decoration under

 

 

 

 

 

r

a

u .

the glowinglights. is much prettier than
something more elaborate.

As a mirth provoker after the feast
have a centerpiece of bon bons .or pepper-
mints surmounted by a small Santa Claus.
Let each guest attempt to remove one, or
as many as he wishes, of the hon bons,
using one of the small forks which come
in candy boxes. If he displaces the
Santa Claus, causing him to tumble to

_ the table, he looses whatever bonbons he

may have secured and the fork is passed
to his next neighbor. When all have
tried their skill the Santa Claus figure
becomes the property of the one who se-
cured the greatest number of candles.
The figure may be tipped in any direction
but this is not wanted against the one
removing bonbons. Only a fall ends his
en'orts.

Place cards painted with holly, mistle-
toe and Christmas bells haVe been so

' much used that one tires of them. Try

instead, small square boxes similarly em-
bellished. Let it be understood that these
are not to be opened until the after din—
ner coffee is served, and when that time
comes let each guest find some clever but
inexpensivevsouvenir of the day. A don-
key for the auto enthusiast, a cannon for
the timid, a wig for the man blessed with
long and ample locks. Remember that
jesting on the truth is always in bad
taste, but a jest that is the opposite will
be enjoyed by the recipient as well as
others at the board.

If some other form of distributing gifts
is desired, dress a small child in any
clever masquerade costume which sug—
gests itself and let him go from guest to
guest asking each to reach in and take
a package from the basket which he car—
ries. A seasonable costume might be
that of a huge Christmas bell, and using
thos- in store windows as a pattern the
suit is not difficult to make, either of
cheap cotton material or tissue paper. If
the guests are to remain long at the table
see that their chairs are not placed too
close together. Better two tables, the
younger people at one and their elders at
another, than uncomfortable crowding.

An excellent manner of ending the
Christmas dinner is for all the guests to
stand and just before leaving the room
sing some well known Christmas song.
Impress it upon them that there are no
critics present and that each must at
least “make a noise,” that no voice be
missed in the Christmas chorus which is
to sound throughout the year.

 

CHRISTMAS CANDIES.

 

BY IIALIA. MITCHELL.
For the friends where no gift seems

exactly adequate, try a box of Christmas
candies. These boxes are easily made at
home, copying after the ones seen in con—
fectioners’ windows and making them. of
kid-finished cardboard or celluloid.

For the candles with which to fill them
try any of the following recipes:

Sunshine Drops.

In a granite saucepan place two cup-
fuls of granulated sugar and one-half
cupful of golden syrup, add one-half
cupful of water and a fourth of a tea-
spoonful of cream of tartar and boil until
it makes a firm ball when dropped in
cold water. In an earthen dish whip the
'whites of two eggs until very stiff, add
to them a. teaspoonful of vanilla. and one
cupful of chopped English walnut meats.
Over this pour the hot syrup and beat
until it begins to cool. Drop from a table—
spoon upon buttered plates or oiled paper.

Fruit Carameln.

Moisten two cupfuls of brown sugar
with lemon juice, add a big teaspoonful
of butter and cook over a slow fire until
it forms a ball when dropped in cold
water. Drop in one-half cupful each of
chopped dates, raisins, figs, citron and
candied orange peel. Stir thoroughly,
remove from the fire, as it cools press
into sheets and later cut into inch
squares. '

Cream Fudge. _

In a granite pan place two cupfuls of
granulated sugar, 3. tablespoonful of but-
ter, two-thirds cupful of sweet milk and
a wee pinch of salt. Cook until it forms
a soft ball when dropped in water, add
a, tablespoonfui of vanilla and one cupful
of chopped nut meats. Beat until creamy,
pour into buttered tins and mark off in
squares as it cools. If a novel fudge is
desired, omit the nuts and the vanilla
and substitute a teaspoonful of caraway
seeds just before removing the candy
from the fire.

Chocolate Fudge.
To two cupfuls, of light brown sugar

I add one—half cupful butter, one-half cup-

ful water and one-half cupful cocoa or
grated chocolate. Cook until it makes

 

v

.THE “MICHIGAN' FARMER.

a soft ball when dropped in water and
stir until nearly cold before pourjng into
buttered tins.

Fruit Hash. '

Chop together one cupful English wal-
nuts, seeded raisins, dates and puifed
rice, add Just enough maple syrup or
molasses to hold the various ingredients
together, pack in a mold and let stand
for 12 hours under a heavy weight. Cut
in thin slices with a sharp knife and if

'the hash shows a tendency to crumble,
"(which

it should not if well chopped),
wrap each slice in oiled paper before
placing in the Christmas box.

Mints.

To two cupfuls of sugar add one-half
cupful clear syrup and one-half cupful
water and cook until it makes a ball when
dropped in water. Divide into as many
parts as you wish different kinds of
mints, color the Wintergreen with currant
juice and the lemon with a very little of
the yellow liquor made from pressing
scraped carrots until the juice is forced
out. The peppermint may be left white.
Drop on paraffin paper and set in the
warming even back of the range until
they harden.

STUDYING SCHOOL LESSONS AT
‘ HOME.

 

BY LAUREL CAMERON.

In both city and country schools, con-
ditionlsare such that certain portions of
school work must be done at home. It is
a custom almost universally prevalent.

Now while in some instances this
might not prove injurious, yet taken as
a whole, especially from the family view-

point its disadvantages outweigh the
benefits.

The state says to the parent, “Your
child must be sent to school.” All well

and good. The child goes. Father works
to provide books, clothes, pay taxes, etc.,
that his child may have an education
and be able eventually to take its place
in the world. Mother works that the
child may be clean and comfortable while
gaining that education. Some ten or
more years of the child’s life is then de-
voted to securing an education. No pains
are spared, no sacrifice too great, no toil
too hard, for the parents if only their
child can get an education.

Now, while the parents are willing, and
the majority are, that the child shall put
in six hours a day for five days in a
week and for ten months in a year for
the express purpose of getting an educa-
tion, is it quite fair to the parents, es—
pecially to the mother, to demand that
so much of the child’s time out of school
be put upon its studies?

Mary comes home with the plea, “My
examples are so hard I can’t get them
alone. You will have to help me do
them," or, “I have so many sentences to
write I never can get them all done to—
morrow." John’s cry is, “Teacher says
I must study my spelling at home.” Or,
“I have to draw a map and learn my
geography lesson for tomorrow." Then
comes the plea for. time to study and for
help with the lessons. All this means
that mother must work a little harder
and hurry a little faster in order that
John and Mary may have time to put
upon their studies.

The mother of a family works hard all
day and naturally looks for some assist-
ance from the older ones when they
come home from school. This she cannot
get when so much of the school work
must be done at home. Many mothers
need the help of their children after
school hours. There are always errands
to run and little tasks to do that the
children can do as well as the mother
and that would save her many weary
steps. In order to learn so many lessons
after school makes it impossible for the
child to help as much asit otherwise
would. Mother is obliged to do these
things so the child may study. Then.
when she has the little tasks done, which
naturally would be done by the child if it
could, her burdens are increased if she
must help them with their school work.
And help them she must, or dire calamity
will befall them next day in the shape
of "no recess," or “stay after school," or
“be put back a grade."

In reality she is compelled to do the
Work for which another is drawing a sal-
ary. The child's father pays annually
his taxes that a teacher may be paid to
teach his child. He finds his wife many
times doing this Work—the work which
ought to be done in the school room and
not outside. Does he say anything? No.
It is all a part of the system. A thing
so common everywhere that it goes al-
most unnoticed. It is a mother’s place
to help her child—so let her. No matter
if another is getting paid for work which

 

the mother is doing for nothing. Teacher
is resting up for her arduous? work next
day. Mother has not the time to rest. I
know whereof I speak. I have been a
teacher. Am now a mother and can
testify that rest times are scarcer now
than when teaching school.

Then, outside of the help the parents
need from the child he should have-some
time each day to give to the cultivation
of tastes along other lines. If he has
musical or literary tastes some of his

‘time should be given to reading and

music. This can hardly be done when
he must needs put in so much time out
of school hours upon his school studies
there is little left for these other things.
It is not the lazy pupils that must put in
so much time studying at home. It is
generally the bright, active ones—anx-
ious to keep up with the class and make
their grade each year. The laggards
don’t care.

Would not the pupils learn their les-
sons easier, go at their school tasks in
better condition, and accomplish more in
the long run if they were not thus driv-
en? Would they not grow healthier and
stronger physically and mentally if al-
lowed freedom from school books after
school hours? Who is to blame for this
study at home—the teacher who gives
out the lessons, or the parents who allow
it to be done?

.—

SHORT CUTS T0 HOUSEKEEPING.

 

 

 

 

To blacken stoves, mix the blacking in
a baking powder can and apply with a
paint brush to prevent soiling hands. For
polishing an old broom will be found a
great time and labor saver.-—Mrs. D.
L. M. ,

I find a good-sized piece of pumice
stone kept handy, a great help in wash-
ing dishes. It scours the cooking utensils
quickly and easily. Also a piece of cha-
mois skin to wipe glassware, lamp chim-
neys and windows, is a time saver.—-Mrs.
T. C. C.

 

WANTS CROCH ETED. JACKET.

Editor Household Department—I would
like to ask through the columns of your
paper if any of the subscribers can give
me directions for making a crocheted
jacket that is to be worn over lingerie
waists or under coats? It laces under the
arms and is made without sleeves. It is
made of white wool yarn and has a bor-
der of light colon—Beatrice J. ,

 

 

MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.

 

These patterns may be obtained from
the Michigan Farmer office at the prices
named. Be sure to give pattern number
and the size wanted.

 

 

 

. 'l (Bib

No. 5318, Girls Dress. Cut in sizes 6 to
12 years. Age 8 requires 3% yards of 36-
inch material with % yard of 18—inch
all-over. Price, 10 cents.

No. 5444, Ladies’ Shirt Waist. Cut in
sizes 32 to 42 inches, bust measure. Size
36 requires 2% yards of 36-inch material.
Price, 10 cents.

No. 4623, Misses’ and Small Women's
Sailor Suit. Cut in sizes 14, 16 and 18
years. For 16-year size it requires 61,4
yards, 44 inches wide. Price, 10 cents.

No. 4593, Children’s One-piece Rompers.
Cut in sizes 1, 3‘and 5 years. For 3 years
it requires 21,4 yards of 27-inch material.
Price, 10 cents.

No. 5319, Ladies' Nine-Gored Skirt. Cut
in sizes 22 to 32 inches, waist measure.
Width of lower edge for 24-inch waist is
4% yards and requires 61/. yards, 44 inches
wide. Price, 10 cents.

 

 

Take Your Choice

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exactly how you can save money on eve g
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Herenreanum thespecialbooklwe
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9 W In 26 automobile Inppliel .
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18 irnnk Eastern 30 Women's Fashion Book
14 Wire 1’ 31 1! con Mum“
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— _ _‘ - _ _ — —
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19m “md (3390“ i'c‘lnclxco
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Send coupon to the address nearest you

 

 

    

PATENTED JULY 29. I."

the Chance

of losing your deeds, insurance policies and other
valuable papers in case your house should burn?

There is a house burned every 30 minutes.

Yours. may be next. Get our Fire Proof Safety
Deposxt Box and be protected. Price 85. Express
prepaid. A Useful Christmas Present.

SAFETY DEPOSIT BOX 00., BaIIIe Brook. Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

LET US TAN
YIIIIII HIDE.

Cattle or Horse hide, Calf, Dog, Deer,
or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.
We make them soft, light, odorless.
wind, moth and water proof, and make
them into coats (for men or women),
robes. rugs or gloves when so ordered.

Your fur goods will cost. you less than
to buy them, and be worth more. It;
will certainly pay you to look into it.

Our illustrated catalog gives a lot of
information. Tells how to take off and 3 -
care for hides ; how we pay the freight
both ways : about our marvelous brush
dyeing process which is a tremendous
advantage to the customer. especially -.
on horse hides and calf skins; about ’
the goods we sell, taxidermy, etc, but
we never send out this valuable book
except upon request. if you want a
copy send In your correct ad dress.

The Crosby Frisian Fur Company.
571 lycll Ave” Rochester, N. Y.

Hides Tanned for Robes,
Coats and Rugs

Send us your Cattle or HorseHides or any skins
hat you may have, a nd we will tan these for you
as they ought to be tanned. We have the largest
and best. plant in the country for doing this
work. We are coat and robe makers. Our prices
are right, work Guaranteed. Low prices.

Send for circular. nloo cat-log.

HUGH WALLACE COMPANY,
nmorr, MICHIGAN.

SEND US YOUR "IDES

COW AND HORSE

To be tanned and manufactured into
coats. robes, gloves and mittens.
We are dressers of all kinds of furs.
Write for free mtalogue and samples
telling all about our business.

run com and roses run SALE
THE SYLVANIA TANNING 00.,

Sylvnnln. 0.. Look Ben M. F.

STEEL MANTLE
hm]! “(I tern Burners

Oderleu. Smokeless. Durable Elliolent
Indispeneible. One Steel Mantle Burn
or given no muoh light as three com
mon burners. You certainly need them
lt'our denier doesn’t keep them send

    

 

 

 

In his name and address and 50 for
each burner on need, i
then to you. ate wanted? w 1] mail

THE STEEL MANTLE LIGHT CO.
Huron Street. Toledo, Ohio.

 

“ENTloN the Michigan Farmer when writ.

ing to our advertisers.

 


VfYYYYYVVVVYvVVVVYVVVV

l‘ARMERS’ CLUBS a

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-
TION 0F FARMERS’ CLUBS.

 

  

President—J. D. Leland, Corunna.
Vice-President—D. Morrison, St.

Johns.

Secretary—Treasurer—Mrs. C. P. John-
son, Metamora.

Directors—C. L. Wright, Caro; E. W.

Woodruff. Blanchard; C. P. Johnson,
Metamora; H. W. Chamberlain, White
Lake; W'm. T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry
Spaulding, Belding.

Address all communications relative to
the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.
P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.

 

Associational Motto.—-

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,
is the farmer’s most valuable asset.
Associational Sentiment.—

The farmer, he garners from the soil
the primal wealth of nations.

THE ASSOCIATIONAL MEETING.

 

 

(Continued from last week).
Wednesday AfternOOn Session.

This session was pleasantly opened by
a musical number by Miss Margaret
Wright, of Washington Farmers’ Club.
Owing to the fact that one of the par-
ticipants in the last number in the after-
noon as scheduled on the program, was
obliged to leaVe on an early train, the
symposium, “How can the farmer get
,more than 35 per cent of the cost to the
consumer,” was first taken up. In open-
ing the subject, Mr. C. B. Cook, of Maple
River Farmers’ Club, commented upon
the Wide difference in the prices received
by the farmers and those paid by the
ultimate consumer, giving examples of
the extreme spread of values which have
come to his attention at different times.
In speaking of the influences which had
brought about present conditions, Mr.
Cook mentioned the factors of capital and
combination, and emphasized the fact that
it is incumbent upon the farmers of the
present generation to find a solution for
this problem and. to apply the remedy
wisely.

Mr. Jas. N. McBride, of Burton Farm-
ers’ Club, who followed Mr. Cook in this
discussion, took the radical stand that
the most effective remedy for present
conditions would be the fixing of the
prices by the government and presented
arguments in favor of the contention,
which will be summarized in a future
issue, as will the ideas on this important
subject presented by Mr. Cook.

The last speaker on this subject was
I. R. Waterbury, editor of the Michigan
Farmer, who undertook to show that Mr.
McBride’s theory was impracticable and
undesirable, and the best method of pro-
cedure for the farmers to get a fair
share of the consumers’ dollar is to be
found in employing the same influences
which Mr. Cook mentioned as being .re-
sponsible for present conditions, viz.,
capital and combination, and referred to
the remarkable progress which has been
made in co-operative enterprises by the
farmers of Germany, Holland and other
European countries, not alone in organ-
izing for the co-operative sale of pro-

THE MICHIGAN FARMER. “

ducts and buying of necessities along
lines of cemmunity production,'but as
well by the organization of creditasso-
ciations for the purpOSe of making loans,
which, by this means are secured on
long time and at a low rate of interest
which compares favorably with the terms
on which the big corporations are able
to loan money through the sale of the
best classes of industrial bonds.

The committee on state affairs also re-
ported at this session, and the resolutions
which they. presented and which were
adopted by the delegates were published
in the issue of last week. Space com-
pelled the omission of the resolutions on
temperance and Club extension, which
were as follows:

Temperance.

Resolved, That the Michigan State As-
sociation of Farmers’ Clubs declares its
appreciation of the foresighted and wise
policy of the state fair management in
excluding from the fair grounds the sale
and use of intoxicating liquors, thus mak-
ing it a more safe place for the enter-
tainment and instruction of our people.

Resolved, That we endorse the work of
the Anti-saloon League.

Whereas, The saloon literature being

passed through the mail, is pernicious.
' Therefore, Be it resolved, that we urge
the individual members of the Clubs to
do all in their power to suppress and
destroy such literature.

Whereas, We believe that woman suf-

frage would aid in securing state wide
prohibition.
Resolved, That we, the farmers of

Michigan, through our Clubs and organ-
izations utterly refuse to sanction or sup-
port any candidate for the legislature
who will not pledge himself to work for
its cause.

Club Extension.

Whereas, We believe that many of our
Farmers’ Clubs are not properly financed
we recommend that some uniformity
of rules be adopted whereby we would
be relieved of that condition. We recom—
mend the formation of county Farmers’
Clubs Associations where such are not
already formed. We recommend the
affiliation of the several farm organiza-
tions of our country so far as is possible.

It was necessary to permit a part of
the numbers on the afternoon program in
go over until the evening meeting. for
which reason the two sessions will here
be reported as one meeting.

“Making the Most of One’s Self,” was
the topic of an excellent paper by Mrs.
Nettie Thomas, of Marshall Farmers’
Club. This was followed by an address
on “The Relation of the Farmers’ Club
to the Public Schools," by H. Eugene
Bradley, of the Eckford Club, while the
topic of a paper by Mrs. Ellen Purdy, of
Indianfields Farmers’ Club, was “For-
ward.” These papers contain so many
helpful ideas that we shall undertake to
either publish them in full or summarize
them for the benefit of the Club members

of the state in future issues, as space
may permit.
The program was pleasantly inter-

spersed with music, including numbers
by‘ Mrs. Gary Sanders, of Ingham Farm-
ers’ Club and Miss Wright, of Almer
Farmers’ Club, while at the evening ses-
sion the Industrial School choir rendered
several selections which were well ap-
preciated by the delegates present.

The treasurer’s report was given by
Mr. Decker, of Eckford Farmers’ Club,
acting for Mrs. Sackett, treasurer of the
organization, who could not be present
at the meeting. A recitation was ren-

dered by Miss Maude Slocum, of Corun-

' promoted by

us, which received an enthusiastic encore

from the delegates. “Our Girls” was the
title of a well received talk by Miss
Maude Gilchrist, Dean of the Women’s
Department at the Agricultural College.

The closing number of the program was
an address on “The School Book Prob-
lem,” by Hon. H. E. Straight, of Cold-
waterywho proved to be a highly inter-
esting speaker, mixing fact with humor
in so charming a manner as to hold the
attention of the delegates even at the
late hour. He is a strong advocate of
the publication and free distribution of
text books by the state and presented
some strong arguments for this plan
which are the results of his investigation
of the proposition. '

Thus closed the 19th annual meeting of
the State Association of Farmers’ Clubs,
which was both well attended and en-
thusiastic in character from the begin-
ning of the opening session until its
close.

 

TH E LOCAL CLUBS.

 

At the recent annual meeting the
secretary reported that four Clubs had dis-
banded during the year and three new
Clubs organized, with a very considerable
gain in the membership of the existing
Clubs, and not a little interest in Club
organization, as judged by the number of
requests for copies of the constitution
and by-laws, including one from Ontona—
gon county in the upper peninsula. Many
Clubs have requested information regard-
ing song books for Club use, and in other
ways great interest has been manifested
in Club work. She reported three execu-
tive meetings during the past year and
gave a detailed account of the Work ac-
complished at these meetings.

The secretary has listed at present 115
active Clubs in 29 counties of the state,
with several others of which she has in-
formation, but which have failed to re-
spond to repeated letters. Three others
have refused to join the State Associa—
tion. The secretary states that there are
still some copies of last year’s printed
reports on hand, which will be cheerfully
forwarded to any Clubs which did not
receive their full quota, upon request.

Three county associations are reported,
viz: Tuscola, ‘Clinton and Shiawassee.
The lecture course which is now being
the Looking-glass Valley
Farmers’ Club of Shiawassee cunty, was
quoted as an example worthy of emula-
tion.

 

YEARLY PROGRAMS.

 

The Odessa Farmers' Club.

The 1912 program of the Odessa Farm-
ers’ Club consists of three cards about
3x5 inches in size, tied together with a
ribbon by means of holes punched for the
purpose in one corner. The title page
bears the name of the Club, the date for
which the program serves, a list of the
officers of the Club, the announcement of
the dates of the meetings which are on
the second Saturday of each month be-
ginning at 10 o’clock a. m., from October
to March, and 2 p. m. from April to Sep-

tember. This, with the order of the busi-
ness of the meeting, completes the first
”page‘r:

Both sides of the cards are used, the

VIDEO. 23, 1911.

program being announced on successive
“pages” as folded over. The programs
are practically complete, the members
who are to lead the discussions being ans
nounced in connection with the questions
for each meeting and the literary num-
bers being announced, the musical num-
bers being left open to be filled in by a.
committee for the various meetings.
There are questions for discussion by the
ladies for nearly every meeting as well
as a general topic for the men.

The special features are, a young peo-
ples‘ meeting for February, a temperance
meeting for March, children’s day in
June and an August picnic. In July the
Club holds no meeting. The questions
announced for discussion are suitably se-
lected and of a practical and educational
trend. Altogether the program is most
tastily gotten up, is convenient in form
and admirably adapted to the purpose
which it is designed to serve.

 

CLUB DISCUSSIONS.

Hold Annual Meeting.—The Hamburg
and Putnam Farmers’ Club held their
November meeting at “Brookside Farm,”
the pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs. H. F.
Kice. After the appointment of the
committees by Pres. Hendricks, the Club
adjourned for dinner. This being the an-
nual meeting the election of officers fol-
lowed: President, Ray Baker; first vice-
president, Myron Hendricks; second vice—
president, Rule Conway; secretary, Mrs.
Rule Conway; corresponding secretary,
Miss Una Bennett; treasurer, S. E. Van
Horn. The Club was then favored with
a song by Florence Blanche Kice, of the
U. of M. school of music, after which a
very interesting question box followed.
A rising vote was asked for by one of the
members of the Club for all who favored
President Taft’s administration. Every
member seemed to be stricken with weak
knees, not one responding. The Club
adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs.
Steven Van Horn the last Saturday in
December.

The Rural Schooi.—Mr. and Mrs. Z.
W. Carter entertained the members of
the Odessa Farmers’ Club, Saturday, Dec.
2. A goodly company was present. After
opening exercises, Mr. Z. W. Carter in-
troduced the subject, “What shall be
taught in our rural schools?” He would
have small schools consolidated, so there
shall be at least 20 in each school. Then
there should be a. high school at or near
the center of each township. Also an
academy to fit high school graduates for
the university; all branches should be
taught but the proverbial “3 rs” should
take first place. Civil government should
be taught to enable the pupil to conduct
the affairs of the township. Scientific
agriculture should have a place in' the
curriculum. Discussion brought out some
good thoughts. The pupils should be
taught to do business for themselves. The
highest ideal for a boy is to be a man.
They should be taught to do things right,
and have a practical knowledge of prac-
tical things. Do all you can to keep the
boys at home. After a bountiful dinner
was served, Mrs. B. F. Carter favored us
with a beautiful vocal solo, and Leona.
Carter recited a Thanksgiving poem.

Christmas Giving—Mrs. J. W. Brown
led the discussion of the subject, "Christ-
mas Giving.” This is the most beautiful
thing in life, but is sometimes carried
too far. The retring president gave a
short talk, with some good advice. Mr.
and Mrs. H. E. Curtis were elected mem-
bers of the executive committee for two
years, Mr. and Mrs. John Bower for one
year. After the question box was opened
and questions answered, the Club ad-
journed.—Lottie M. Durkee, Cor. Sec.

 

Delegates to the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the State Association of Farmers’ Clubs, as they were “Caught."

Between Sessions by the Photographer.

 

 

 

 

a.

 

 

 

 


  
   
 

 

 

 

 

'”,GRANGE'

 

 

 
 
 
 

‘

  
 
 

    

5..

 

THE 8TATE GRANGE OF 1911.

425 delegates

the
'membership of the 39th Michigan State
Grange—a slight gain over the one which

About comprised

preceded it a year ago. Eighty of the
state's 83 counties were represented. 817‘
ing an average representation of better
than five delegates per county for the en-
tire state. If further evidence of the fact
that the Grange has advanced to the
state limits were needed, the choice of
location for next year’s meeting should
suffice, since the delegates at Kalamazoo,
in the closing hours of last week’s busy
meeting, voted. that the organization
should cross the Straits and conclude the
fourth decade of Michigan Grange his-
tory with a rousing meeting at Sault Ste.
Marie.

The attendance of visitors was largest
during the early days of the session. This
is explained by the fact that the early
sessions‘included most of the entertain-
ment and educational features which
figure so prominently in the pleasure and
satisfaction derived from these annual
gatherings. The entertainment of the

 

The Official Badge Mutely Testlfled to
. the Ali-Michigan Character of
the Organization.

delegates and visitors by the Western
State Normal on Tuesday evening was
the social event of the week. The citi-
zens of Kalamazoo and the faculty of the
Normal united in warmly welcoming
their guests. A short formal program
was carried out and the guests greatly
appreciated the privilege of meeting the
official head of the state's educational
system, Hon. L. L. Wright, and of listen~
ing to his brief but strong plea for the
improvement of rural school conditions.
Superintendent Wright asserted that it
is time that the rural schools turned
their attention to the study of agricul-
ture. and as a means of improving pres-
ent conditions he suggested a larger unit
or organization, either of township or
county, and closer supervision of country
schools by the county commissioner. The
remainder of the evening was given over
to social intercourse and to inspection of
the equipment and work of the Normal,
3. state institution in which every citizen
should be interested. ‘

The most popular session of the week
was that of Wednesday afternoon when
the‘State Lecturer's program was pre-
Sented, the attendance taxing the capac-
ity of the Academy of Music in which
all of the sessions were held. The able
report of the State Lecturer and the
pleasing and instructive numbers which

followed it must, however, be accorded

the space and credit which are due them

in a later installment of this report.
Other innovations which relieved the
routine of the proceedings and contribut-
ed to the success of the meeting were
interspersed through the numerous ses-
sions. Chief among these may be men-
tioned brief addresses by Gov. Osborn,
Ex-Senator Dickinson, of Eaton county,
Pres. J. L. Snyder, of the Agricultural
College, and Master Laylin, of Ohio State
Grange. 'Master Laylin spent two days
at the meeting and addressed the dele-
ates on several occasions, giving ex-
pression to his thorough appreciation of
the need ofjtrong. alert, business-like
and harmonious farmers' organizations
and his well-founded belief that the
Grange more nearly meets the require-
ments, than any other. Prominent as an
agricultural leader in his state for more
than fifteen years, he has been a member

'I

 

 
 
  

of the Grange much longer than that,

. having been one of the organizers of his

home Grange in Townsend township,
Huron county. For some years previous
to his election as State Master he did
effective Work as a farmers' institute
lecturer and served several years as a
member of the Board of Control of the
Ohio experiment station. He became
the official head of the Grange in Ohio in
1907 and, a little later, he so arranged
his farming operations that he might
give the major portion of his time to
Grange work. As a result Ohio, led all
other states in the number of new
Granges organized during 1911.

Officers' Reports Show Good Condition of

the Order.

The satisfactory growth of the past two
years and the generally prosperous con-
dition of the order were reflected in the
reports of the officers and standing com<
mittees from State Master down through
the entire list. In his annual address
Master Hull carefully reviewed the year’s
activities and forcefully urged concen—
tration of effort upon certain reforms
'which the Grange has long championed
and which cannot long be denied the
farmers of this country. The recent
reciprocity campaign demonstrated the
need of more thorough and complete or-
ganization of the farming class, and the
Grange’s attitude with respect to that
issue was made the subject of a, com-
mendatory and congratulatory tribute by
the State Master. In referring to past
achievements of the order in the import-
ant matter of securing popular state and
national reforms, he expressed the opinion
that a. general and practical parcels post
law will be the next great achievement
for which the Grange may justly claim a
large share of credit.

Among the recommendations offered
was one which came as a result of the
recent proposal to establish a state de-
partment of agriculture. Concerning this
matter the State Master said: I am of
of the opinion that there should be es-
tablished in Michigan an agricultural de-
partment presided over by a commis-
sioner of agriculture. This commissioner
should be both a practical and a scientific
farmer, a man who is in sympathy with
the farmer and who knOWS his needs.
It should be the business of this commis-
sioncr to advertise the resources of the
state, to have prepared a soil-survey map
of the state, that he may be able to fur-
nish inquirers accurate information as to
the adaptability of the lands of the state.
He should have charge of the collection
of the agricultural statistics of the state
and agricultural demonstrators should be
under his charge. In short, he should
stand as the official representative of the
farmers and use his best efforts to aid
and encourage them in every way pos-
Sible.

Our request for such a commission
ought in no way to be considered as a
narrow or selfish request, for not only
will our farmers be benefited by better—
ing our agricultural methods and pro-
duction, but in equal measure will all
other classes he benefited.

To assure greatest efficiency, such com-
mission should be closely allied with our
agricultural college and experiment sta-
tion. I therefore recommend that the
Michigan State Grange instruct its ex-
ecutive committee to use their best lef-
forts to have an agricultural commission
established in this state and that the
commission shall be appointed and under
the control of our state board of agricul-
ture.

Secretary Hutchins reported a good
growth in membership during the year,
notwithstanding the fact that the total
number of active subordinate Granges
shows little increase, the 142 new Granges
organized being nearly offset by those
which became inactive or dormant during
the year. The membership for the state,
based on fees paid during the year, was
shown to be 50,361, compared with 47,588
for the preceding year.

A detailed financial report was issued
in pamphlet form by Treasurer Coward
and distributed among the delegates. That
part of this report which deals with the
assets of the organization is as follows:

invested Securities.

Bonds on hand Dec. 1. 1910......344,000.00
New Loans——

Grange Life Insurance Co..... 1,000.00
Patron’s Fire Insurance 00.... 2,500.00
Total ..........................$47,60333
Bonds paid 00 00

, ....... 1,5 .
Securities on hand Dec. 1, 1911 .‘.$46,000.00
Cash on hand .. 1,859.31

Total of invested funds .........$47,859.31
Cash on hand general fund 1,647.86

Total IIOOIeeOCIeOeleeOOee-ee-u“9’507¢17

u....-o--n.----p

‘\

T, L wcmcm FARMER. "

 

Invested Funds, Cash Balance.
Cash on hand Dec. 1, 1910......3‘ 988.91

 

interest received .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.60
Bonds paid 1,500.00

Total ..... ...........$ 6,361.41
Expense ................ .........$ 2.10
Loan to Life Insurance Co. . . . .. 1,000.00
Loan to Fire Insurance Co. . . . . . 2,500.00
Cash on hand Dec. 1, 1911 ...... 1,859.31

Total ....................... . . . .$5,361.41

Prominent items in the detailed state-
ment of disbursements from the general
fund are $5,928.67 covering expenses of
State Grange meeting of 1910; $2,333.95
covering expenses of conducting the con-

‘ tract system, and $2,376.65 covering fees

remitted to the National Grange. Aside
from this, the year’s disbursements were
mainly for organization, supervision and
rally work, the total paid out during the
year, for all purposes, being $20,719.47.
The year’s receipts, including cash on
hand Dec. 1, 1910, are given as follows:
Cash on hand, $3,259.31; fifth and sixth
degree fees, $202.50; from co-operation
(contract system) $6,020.47; dues, $11,-
399.03; supplies sold, $941.02; from Na-
tional Grange extension fund. $510; mis-
cellaneous, $35, giving a total of $22,367.-
33. Deducting the year’s disbursements
of $20,719.47 leaves a cash balance on
hand Dec. 1, 1911, of $1,647.86.

The statement submitted by the ex-
ecutive committee’s sub-committee on
finance, T. H. McNaughton chairman,
which has charge of the organization’s
invested securities and funds, tallied with
the above report.

LegislatiOn and Co-operation.

The real work of the executive com-
mittee was brought out in the reports of
its sub-committees, the one dealing with
legislative matters being submitted by its
chairman, C. S. Bartlett. It was largely
a review of what was accomplished in
connection with the 1911 session of the
legislature. The committee championed
the amendment providing for a more
equitable )distribution. of the primary
school inicrest fund which was passed
by both houses and approved by the peo-
ple of the state last spring. It was also
active in securing the law which requires
telephone companies to make physical
connections for the convenience of their
patrons, which law is now being tested
in the courts. A measure which prom-
ised to affect detrimentally the farmers’
mutual insurance companies and the fra—
ternal societies of the state was vigor-
ously opposed and its defeat accomp-
lished, but the committee’s efforts in be-
half of the initiative and referendum
were not Successful. It was instrumental
in sending to Washington a petition,
bearing 30,000 names, requesting the de-
feat of the reciprocity pact. Parcels post
also received close attention and the
committee recommended that patrons
throughout the state keep in close touch
with their representatives in congress
during the prosont scsslon. And in order
that this congress, as well as all legis—
lative bodies of the future, may be kept
informed as to the attitude of the Grange
on questions of national or state import

which, directly or indirectly, affect the'
farmers of the country, it was further
recommended that each subordinate

Grange maintain a, legislative committee
which shall co-opcratc with the legis-
latiVe committee of the State Grange.
Chairman Horton of the sub-committee
on co-operaiion explained the contract
system of buying now being employed
by a mnjorily of the Oranges in this
state. Bricfly reviewing the history of
Grange co—opcrative effort, including the
failure of the irange stores and other
co-operative enterprises, he declared the
present contract system to be the clean-

est, safest and best that has yet been
worked out. The plan is practically
original with Michigan, but there are

many Granges in the state that do not
reap the benefits from co-operative buy-
ing that they might. The committee
recommended that each subordinate
Grange have a business agent or assist-
ant to the secretary in order that this
branch of the work may have closer and
more prompt attention. The problem of
co-operative selling by Granges has also
been earnestly considered by the com-
mittee during the year. but little has
been done beyond determining the finan-
cial responsibility of parties known to be
in the market for products which Granges
are in position to supply in considerable
quantities.

Work of the Delegates.

,Of the numerous committees appointed
at the opening of the meeting, the first
to bring in its report was that on agri-
cultural college. It was presented by
Chairman C. T. Cook and was promptly
adopted. Its main features are given in
the words of the committee:

  

(n) 569

Resolved, that the Michigan State
Grange approves the work of the Agricul—
tural College and its efforts to eXtend
agricultural education: (a) By means of
introducing courses in agriculture into
public high schools. (b) By organizing
short courses for farmers in connection
with such schools.

That we approve of a liberal appropria-
tion by the state to be. used in assisting
the Michigan Agricultural College in more
effectually extending its work and in-
fluence among the schools and the farm-
ers of Michigan; and that the use of such
an appropriation should be extended to
include demonstrations and experiments
in soil fertility, animal husbandry, farm
crops, dairying and horticulture.

That we are opposed to creating the
office of commissioner of agriculture, but
are in favor of so extending the duties of
the State Board of Agriculture that it shall
have general supervision of the agricul-
tural interests of the state.

Another report which was the subject
of much favorable comment was that of
the oommittee on education, of which
Director Leo M. Geismar, of the U. P.
experiment station, was chairman. We
present this report in full:

To develop and cultivate the physical,
mental and moral attributes of the fu-
ture citizen is the mission of education.
It is the preparation of the boys and girls
for life.

We admit that school education does
not necessarily spell success and that it
is not always productive of the highest
type of citizenship. There is a wide gap
between the knowing of what to do and
the doing of it, and it must be filled by
ambition and home training.

Keeping in line with the growing needs
of life, we have heretofore asked, and
again ask, for those educational reforms
which tend toward a better and more
efficient training and preparation of the
boys and girls for life, and philosophers,
statesmen, socialists, educators and
thoughtful men of all times have always
conceded that the ideal life is the life on
the farm.

To this end we re-affirm the stand of
the Michigan State Grange in regard to
educational questions, and particularly
in the matter of text books as reported
by the special committee on education at
the sessions of 1907 and 1910, namely,
compulsory free text books.

we believe that the time has come
when the great fundamental moral princi-
ples of our race should be taught to the
children in our schools; whether by read-
ing the Bible as a work of literature, as
advocated by the Governor, or otherwise,
must be worked out.

Your committee believes that a course
on public ethics or duties of citizenship,
and co-operation should be put into our
public schools. That rural social centers
should be developed with the public
school as the social center and, with the
co~operation of the Grange and various
conferences, strive to solve and work out
the problems peculiar to each community.

01’ the special things submitted to this
committee we recommend the following:

1. A larger unit of organization for the
schools of this state.

2. An amendment to the existing laws
that will rcsuit in a closer and more effi-
cient supervision, by educational experts,
of the country schools.

3. The beautifying, ventilating and
rendering more sanitary of school build-
ings and school grounds. .

4. That nature study be taught in the
lower grades.

5. That district school libraries contain

.a fair pcrceniagc of books on agriculture,

bulletins and agricultural papers, and
that children be encouraged to give re-
views of the same.

6. That the township unit system
school law be amended So that all candi-
dates for the office of trustee shall be
compelled to file their names with the
secretary of the school board at least five
days before the day of election, and that
such election he conducted under the
Australian ballot system.

7. That we approve the so-callcd Mc-
Laughlin bill and the movement of the
National Soil Fertility Association now
before congreSS, providing for government
appropriations for the extension of agri-
cultural investigation in agricultural col-
leges and experiment stations, and for
the establishment of demonstration farms
in every county.

8. That We favor a law along the lines
of the report of the Michigan Commission
on Industrial Education, as made to the
Governor and the last legislature, provid-
ing for introducing into our public school
system facilities for industrial and voca-
tional education and providing a state
grant, or state aid, for such purpose.

9. That we most heartily commend the
work of the Department of Agricultural
Education at the Michigan Agricultural
College, the county normal training
schools and the most excellent work of
the rural school department of the West-
ern Slate Normal College, to which we
owe much for inspiration and suggestion
at this session.

The committee on insurance in its re-
port commended life insurance as a
means of systematically saving and pro-
viding against the time of need. The
committee expressed the opinion that in
adopting life insurance the Grange has
found an effective means of holding its
younger members. The only recommenda-
tion offered was that the State Grange
eixecutiVe committee be instructed to
loan such money’ to the Grange lifein-
surance company, from time to time, as
it sees fit, and the delegates concurred in
the recommendation.

(Continued next week).

  

   


570): L 6" \ (it) ,
Er" MAKE ETS

DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.

December 20, 1911.
Grains and Seeds.

Wheat.——Prices ruled a little higher the
past week. The world’s stock for the
week shows an increase of a little over
one million bushels, whereas the corres-
ponding week in 1910 showed a. decrease
of over two million bushels. This is
largely due to the heavy receipts at
primary elevators in the United States
and Canada, Europe showing a heavy
decrease for the period. The govern-

 

 

ment crop report indicates a yield
for the country slightly smaller than
that of 1910. The large sales by

farmers of spring wheat states, and also
of Canada, give the impression that the
early estimates of the spring wheat crop
were possibly a little small, however.
The chief bullish news of the week came
from Argentine, where rain is damaging
the large crop that has been maturing
in that country. This damage caused
anxiety in Liverpool and developed a
firmer market there with slightly higher
quotations ruling. It must be stated that
the market is in an uncertain situation
and fluctuations are to be expected. One
year ago the price for No. 2 red wheat
was 950 per bu. Following are the quo-

tations:

No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. May. July.
Thursday ...... 94% -92V2 .9894 .9414
Friday ........ 95%. .9394 1.00 .9595
Saturday ...... 951/2 .93% .9994 95%,
Monday ....... 96% .9415 1.00% .959;
Tuesday ...... 961/6 .941/6 1.00% .9511,z
Wednesday . ..96 .94 1.0014 .9444,

Corn.—-C0rn prices have advanced a full
cent since the closing a week ago. The
government crop report was slightly bull-
ish and the improvement in the weather,
as well as the better feeling in wheat
circles, gave this trade good support. The
improved quotations, however, have in-
creased offerings from the corn belt and
this will probably bring an easier tone
into the trade soon. The receipts in the
ten largest market centers last Tuesday,

however, were about one-half what they
were in the corresponding week-day in
1910. The price for No. 2 corn a year
ago was 530 per bu. Quotations are as
follows:

No. 3 No. 3

Corn Yellow.
Thursday ............... . 62 63
Friday ...... . ..... . .. 62 63
Saturday ................ 62% 6311,,
Monday ....... . ...... . 63 64
Tuesday .................. 63 64
Wednesday ............... .6315 64%

Oats—«This grain has advanced with
wheat and corn. The government raised
its estimate on the 1911 yield nearly
50,000,060 bushels under the new method
of figuring. This change caused buyers
to be a little more cautious and resulted
in an easier feeling in the oat deal than
would probably have prevailed otherwise.
Offerings, however, were taken up freely
and the market is in a healthy condition
notwithstanding. A year ago the price

for standard oats was 35c per bu. Quo—
tations are as follows:
Standard. No. 3
White.
Thursday ................ 50% 60
Friday ................... 50%, 501/4
Saturday ................. 51 50%
Monday ........... . ..... . 51 505/2
Tuesday .................. 51 501/2
“'ednesday ................ 61 501/2

Beans.~There appears to be a firmer
tone to the bean deal which is partially
due to the better condition of offerings,
less moisture being present than for the
weeks when threshing was in order. The
great loss to this market from the un-
usually wet weather last fall, is certain
to be felt from now on. In some parts

of the state it is reported that from a
quarter to a third of the fields were a
total loss. Quotations are as follows:
Cash. Jan.
Thursday .................. $2.17 $2.22
Friday ..................... 2.20 2.24
Saturday .................. 2.20 2.24
Monday .................... 2.20 2.2
Tuesday .................... 2.22 2.2
Wednesday ................ 2.25 2.30

Clover Seed.——Prices have been main-

tained at last week’s closing figures;
trading is limited. Alsike is‘ nominally
quoted at the old figure. Prices are as
's:
follou Prime S of. March. Alsike.,
Thursday ....... $12.40 $12.40 $10.50
Friday .......... 12.50 12.50 10.50
Saturday ........ 12.50 12.50 10.50
Monday .......... 12.50 12.50 10.50
Tuesday ......... 12.50 12.50 10.50
Wednesday 12.50 12.50 10.50

Flour, Feed, Potatoes, Etc.
Flour.»The‘re is a fair demand for
flour, with prices unchanged.

Straight ....................... . ..... $4.10
Patent Michigan .................... 4.75
Ordinary Patent .................... 4.5

Feed—All grades steady with last
week. Carlot prices on track are: Bran,
$27 per ton; coarse middlings, $29; fine
middlings, $32: cracked corn, $30; coarse
corn meal, $30; corn and oat chop, $28
per ton.

Hay and Straw—Timothy hay and rye
straw are lower. The quotations for
mixed grades are wider. Quotations are:

No. 1 timothy, $206321; No. 2 timothy,
$19fD20; clover, mixed, $18.50@20; rye
straw, $9.50@10; wheat and oat straw,
$9 per ton.

Potatoes.——Last week’s prices are sus-
tained. About enough offerings are made
to keep the trade steady. Car lots on
track are quoted at 85@90c per bushel in
bulk. -

Provisions.——Family pork, $17.50@20;
mess pork, $16.50; medium clear, $16@
17.50; hams, 131/20; bacon, 12@14c; pure
lard in tierces, 9%c; kettle rendered
lard, 1014c per lb. -

THE MICHIGAN FARMER; ‘ '

Dairy and Poultry Products.

Button—Butter prices are substantially
the same as a week ago for both cream-
ery and dairy offerings. While at the
present time, butter is moving in little
larger volume than at this date in 1909
and 1910, yet the total output to Decem-
ber 19 from January 1 is considerably
smaller than for the corresponding pe-

riods for the two preceding years. Quo-
tations for the week are as follows: Ex—
tra creamery, 35c; first do., 340; dairy,

21c; packing stock, 200.

Eggs.———The prices given last week still
rule. Offerings are not as large at many
of the big trading centers as they were
for the two previous years. The demand

is good. Regular‘recelpts, case count,
cases included, are quoted at 320 per
dozen.

Poultry.——There is a liberal amount of
poultry for the holiday trade and prices
are not likely to reach any unusually high
mark in our cities. Chickens and live
ducks rule lower. Quotations are as fol-
lows: Live—Turkeys, 16@17c; geese, 11@
12c: ducks, 14c; young ducks, 150; spring
chickens, 10@101/_ac; No. 2 chickens, 8c
per lb; hens, 81/2@9c. Dressed—~Chickens
10@11c: hens, 8@9c; ducks, 16@17c; geese
12@13c: turkeys, 16@17c.

Cheese.-—-Michigan, old, 151/2@17c; Mich-
igan, late, 151,6@17c; York state, new, 16
@17c; Swiss, domestic block,‘ 17@20c;

cream brick, 15@16c; limburger, 14@15c.
VeaI.—Market steady. Fancy, 10@1lc;
choice, $8@9c per lb.
Dressed Hogs.—Light, $7.25; medium,
$7; heavy, $7 per cwt.
Frults and Vegetables.
Cabbage.—Lower. Selling at $1.25@

2 per bbl, for home-grown.
0nions.——-Steady at 95c@1 per bu.
Apples.—Baldwins and Greenings, $2.75

@3; Spy, $3@3.50; Ben Davis, $2@2.50;

Snows, $3.50@4 per bbl.

OTHER MARKETS.

 

Grand Rapids.

Potatoes are quiet this week, with buy-
ing prices at loading stations around 650.
Having had a taste of higher prices the
growers are not willing to sell at present

quotations. Poultry men are paying the
following prices for live stock: Fowls,
9c; ducks. 10c; geese. 9c; turkeys, 15c.

Dressed poultry is 2c higher. Fresh can—
died eggs are worth 300; dairy butter,
280. Grain prices are as follows: No. 2

red wheat, 910; oats, 50c; rye, 84c; corn
63c; buckwheat, 83c; hand-picked white
beans, $2, red kidneys, $2.25.
Chicago.

\Yheat.——No. 2 red, 96%@98c; May,
9970; July, 951/c per bu.

Céornr—No. 3?, 6114@620; May, 64%0:
July, 64774.0 per bu.‘

Oats—No. 2 white, 481/2@49IAC; May
481/gc; July, 45%c per bu.

Barley.—Malting grades, $1.10@1.24 per
bu; feeding, 80@95c.

Butter.—Creamery quotations steady
with last week while dairy prices are'off
a cent. The market is firm. Creameries,
26((0350; dairies, 23@31c. .

Eggs.——The volume of trade is limited
by the light holdings. Best grades are
higher while ordinary kinds rule steady.

Quotations are: Firsts, grading 45 per
cent fresh, 28@3lc; ordinary firsts, 206;

27c: at mark, cases included, 22@28c per
dozen.

Potatoes—Receipts have fallen off, but
trade holds steady with lower 'margin
slightly reduced for all except Wisconsm
offerings where a small advance is noted.
Michigan stock is now quoted at.82@
85c per bu; Wisconsin, 76@80c; Minne-
sota, 8230850.

Beans—Prices advanced 3c for pea
beans and remain steady for red kidneys.
Choice hand-picked pea beans'quoted at
$2.27 per bu; prime, $2.30; red kidneys,
2.85 er bu.
$Hayp and Straw—Market steady with
a week ago. Quotations: Chmce timothy
$221023 per ton; do., No. 1, $20.50@21.50;
do., No. 2 and No. 1 mixed, $19@19.50;
do., No. 3 and N0. 2 mixed, $14@18; clo—
ver, $156117; do., No. 2 and no grade, 6.7
@13; rye straw, $10@11; oat straw, $961;
10 per ton; wheat straw, $8@9 per ton.

Apples—Market about steady with a
week ago. The offerings are selling from
$2614 per bbl., according to kind and

New York.
Butter.—Practically all of the decline
of values last week has been recovered
with the trade firm at the advanced fig-
Creamery specials are quoted at

quality

ures. _
38c per lb: extras, 37c; firsts. 32@35%c;
seconds, 31(d-33c.

Eggs—\Vhile eggs are a little unset-
tled. quotations are up fully 5c. Fresh

gathered extras, 44@46c; extra firsts, 41@
42c: seconds, 32@37c; western gathered
whites, 38@45c per dozen,

Poultry—Market steady at lower fig-
ures. Western chickens, 11@111/gc;
fowls, 121vv§fij113c; turkeys, 14c. Dressed
——-Firm with turkeys higher. Turkeys,
13@21c; fowls, 5@16c; western chickens,
15@160 per lb.

Elgln.

Butter.—Market firm at 35c per lb.,
which is last week’s quotation. Output
for the week, 624,700 lbs., as compared
with 632,000 lbs. for the previous week.

 

Booton.

VVool.—This market has a very firm
tone and prices have a tendency upward.
Fleeces are in especially good demand
and buyers of these wools seem anxious
to lay in their stocks. The finer grades
also haVe a good call and large sales of
washed delaine and fine territory have
been made. Leading domestic quotations
are as follows: Ohio and Pennsylvania
fieeces—Delalne washed, 30@31c; XX,
28c: fine unmerchantable, 22@23c; 1,6-
blood combing, 26c; %-blood combing, 25
@251,éc; 1;(,,-blood combing, 25c; delaine

unwashed, 250; fine unwashed, 21c. Mich-
igan, Wisconsin and New York fleeces:—
Fine unwashed, 20c; delaine unwashed,
23c; Jyé-blood unwashed, 25@251;§c. Ken-
tucky, Indiana and Missouri—%-blood,
24c; art-blood, 240.

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.
Buffalo.
December 18, 1911.
(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,
New York Central Stock Yards,
East Buffalo, N. Y.)

Receipts of stock here today as follows:
Cattle, 200 cars; hogs, 175 cars; sheep
and lambs, 100 double decks; calves, 1,000.

With 210 cars of cattle on our market
here today and with soft muggy weather,
and 31,000 reported in Chicago, our mar-
ket was from 15@25c per cwt. lower on
the common and fair grades of cattle,
and on the prime heavy and good weights
from 35@50c per cwt. lower, and at the
close of the day, there were at least 25
cars of cattle went over unsold.

We quote: Best 1,400 to 1,600-lb. steers
$7.50@8; good prime 1,300 to 1,400-lb. do.,
9725612750; do. 1,200 to 1,300-lb. do., $6.50
@725; best 1,100 to 1,200-lb shipping
steers, $5.75@6.25; medium butcher steers

1,000 to 1,100, $6@5.50; light butcher
steers, $4.25@4.75; best fat cows, $4.50@
5; fair to good do., $3.50@4; common to

medium do., $2.75@3.25; trimmers, 1.75‘@
2.40; best fat heifers, $5.50@6; good do.,
$4.75@5.25; fair to good do., $4@4.50; stock

heifers, $3.25@3.50; best feeding steers,
dehorned, $4.50@4.75; common do., $3.50
@4; stockers, all grades, $3.25@3.50;

prime export bulls, $5@5.50; best butcher
bulls, $4.25@4.75; bologna bulls, $3.25@
4; stock bulls, $3@4; best milkers and
springers, $45@55; common to good do.,
$256930. Milkers and springers from $3
@5 per head lower and hard to sell. Late
springers have to be sold by the pound,
from $2.25@2.50.

Receipts of hogs here being very heavy
today, all the buyers were very bearish
in their views; started out bidding 60
per lb. for the best quality and weights
in the yards, and succeeded in buying
quite a number of choice quality mixed
and medium weights at this price. Some
salesmen refused to sell at the price, and
finally landed a good many best quality
mixed and mediums at $6.05, and several
decks of the best heavier weights up to
$6.10. Best quality and weight yorkers
sold generally at Go per lb., and light
yorkers around $5.80@5.90, and the bulk
of the choice quality best weight pigs at
$5.75. The good kind of rough sows Sold
mostly at $5.50, with a few running to
the packer grades up to $5.60. The hogs
are. fairly well cleaned up that were
yarded in time to fill and sell, but there
is about 50 decks of late arrivals going
over unsold.

The sheep and lamb market was active
today: most of the choice lambs selling
for $6.50; few at $6.60. Once bunch of
fancy Christmas lambs at $6.75. Look,
for steady to strong market the balance

of the week. The sheep market was
about steady; prospects about steady on
sheep.

We quote: Best lambs, $6.50@6.60; cull

to common do., $5.25@5.50; wethers, $3.75
@4; bucks, $2.25@2.75; yearlings, $4.25@
5; handy ewes, $3.25@3.50; heavy ewes,

$3.25@3.35; cull sheep, $1.75@2.25; veals,
choice to extra, $8.75@9; fair to good do.
$7.50@8.50; heavy calves, $3.50@5.
Chicago.
December 18, 1911.
Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ..... 31,000 60,000 38,000
Same day last year..19.031 30,378 22,092
Received last week..72,746 166,230 149,472
Same week last year.72,558 160,159 127,641

The week opens with an enormous run
of hogs, lots of cattle and plenty of sheep
and lambs, although prime holiday lambs
are not any too abundant. Buyers are
not eager to buy cattle, and while fat
butcher stock is having a fair sale at un-
changed prices, steers are moving slowly,
with prices reported as 10@150 lower, al-
though before the day is over the drop in
prices may be considered more. No
strictly fancy cattle have been sold, and
it seems hardly probable that last week’s
best prices will be duplicated. Hogs are
a good dime lower, with more activity
and firmness than was seen earlier in the
day. Light hogs are in demand at $5.60
@610, while the best heavy hogs sell at
3862060625. The average weight of the
hogs received last week was 213 lbs., the
same as a week earlier, comparing with
224 lbs. one year ago, 218 lbs. two years
ago and 210 lbs. three years ago. There
was a disinclination upon the part of
local packers to pay full prices for lambs,
and the less attractive offerings displayed
slowness and weakness, but on the whole
the sheep and lamb market was not
greatly changed. There was a high and
active Buffalo market, and eastern ship-
pers in the Chicago market paid $6 for
prime holiday lambs of moderate weight.
Next Monday, Christmas, will be a holi-
day at the stock yards, and no sales of
live stock will be made, but the receipts
will be yarded and cared for. New Year's
day is not included in the three holidays
of the year, Christmas, Thanksgiving and
the Fourth of July. '

Cattle suffered quite a slump in prices
for the great bulk of the offerings last
week owing to unexpectedly liberal offer-
ings Wednesday. following large receipts
Monday. The bulk of the cattle were
medium in grade, and the blgest decline
was in these offerings. The decline was
25@40c, the greater part of the beef steers
going at $5.75@8, with the commoner
light weights bringing $4.50@5.75 and a
very fair showing Monday of choice to
fancy cattle at $8.25@9.10, several sales
of prime yearlings occurring at $9. Good
steers sold at $7 and upward and medium
lots at $5.80 and upward. Butchering
lots of cows and heifers underwent quite
a moderate decline, the offerings being
only moderate, and the best were as
high as ever, going at $6@7, but not many
sold above $6. Sales were made all the

DEC; 23. i911.

way «1de to $3.35, while cutters sold at

$2.30@3.30. canners at $1.76@2.76, bulls
at $3@6 and calves at $3@8.30 per 100 lbs,
There was no great animation in the
stacker and feeder trade, the greater part
of the offerings undergoing moderate de-
clines in prices, while the best cattle
went considerably higher. Feeders sold
at $4.50@6 as a. rule and stockers at
$3.25@5.15, while stock and feeding heif-
ers had a fair outlet at $3.10@4.10. Milk-
ers and springers were quotable at $30@
60 per head for ordinary to choice cows,
with fancy Holsteins salable at $656275
and not many,offered. A great many
thin, old cows have been arriving and
sold usually to killers, as they were of no
particular value for milking purposes.
Looking forward, the cattle market prom-
ises well so. far as well-finished kinds
are concerned, and handy little fat year-
lings are expected to sell particularly
well. Some old-time stockmen are buy-
ing well-bred heifers in the expectation
of bringing them back to market and
selling at good profits. On Thursday
sales were made of 101 fancy holiday dat-
§§e35that weighed 1,591 and 1,639 lbs. at

Hogs have been shipped to this and
other western markets liberally of late
as a rule, the Monday runs being usually
the largest, so that it is usual to see low-
er prices that day. The trend of prices
has been in a downward direction much
of the time, the character of the eastern
shipping demand having much to do with
this, and when outside buyers are es-
peCially good customers it is custOmary
to see a firm market for the class of hogs
taken by shippers. As for a long time,
the choice class of heavy hogs is the
strongest and first to advance, while the
mixed packing lots usually lead the de-
cline in values. The receipts are largely
made up of rather light weights, and it
is evident that a. great many‘stockmen
are letting their young hogs go rather
than feed high-priced corn any longer,
although the best judges believe it will
pay well to make the hogs good and
heavy. Little pigs are still numerous, al-
though less so than several weeks ag ,
and they have to sell at extremely 10
figures. Fresh pork is having a. large
sale, and provisions are also active, with
prices weakening under the heavy ac-
cumulations at western packing points.
Closmg prices for hogs Saturday were
only a little lower than a week earlier,
light lots going at $5.65@6.20; the best
heavy lots at $6.25@6.35; coarse mixed
lots at $5,806,116; stags at $6.30@6.50 and
pigs at $4.75@5.65.

Sheep and lambs have been marketed
so. irregularly in volume recently that
prices have fluctuated a good deal, the
biggest movements up and down being in
lambs, on which
strongly. Usually the early part of the
week sees extremely large supplies and
lower. prices, while later days are sparsely
supplied, causing sharp advances, par-
ticularly for strictly prime lambs. For
instance, receipts of sheep and lambs
Wednesday last week aggregated 45,503
head, but later days much smaller sup-
plies were offered. The opening sales of
the .week were at $6 for prime lambs, a.
decline of 25c, but before the week closed
they .sold up again to $6.25. Prime little
yearlings on the lamb order sold next
best, With wethers and ewes following at
long _ distances, popular taste being
strongly for lambs. Sheepmen should re-
member that killers insist upon offerings
being well fattened, and they discrimi-
nate very strongly against poorly finished
stock, such selling slowly at such large
discounts as to afford little or no profit
to. their unfortunate owners. Closing
prices were away down, lambs going at
$3.50@6; yearlings at $3.50@5; wethers
at $3.25@3.85; ewes at $2@3.25 and bucks
at $2@2.50. Feeders paid $4.25@5.15 for
132;;an and $3.50@4.10 for yearling weth-
..Horses had a very limited demand last
week, and no one expects to see much
animation in trade until after New
Years. The receipts were not remark-
ably large, but they ran too much to
common and medium grades, while such
demand as there was ran mainly on the
better class of heavy drafters, such as
sell .around $250@300 and upward. A
medium to good class of lighter weights
of the draft class sold at $175@225, while
wagon horses were salable at $150@200
and inferior animals were hard to dis:
pose of at $65@145.

LIVE STOCK NOTES.

_._._

George P. Arnston, Minnesota, who
was awarded the honor of having fed the
champion car load of hogs at the Inter-
national show, kept them until they av-
eraged 246 lbs., the lot being seven and
one-half months old. They were Poland-
Chinas, and they were allowed the run
of pasture during the summer, and in
the autumn they had the range of a
corn field until three weeks before ship-
ment to the show. At that time they
were placed upon full feed, consisting of
corn mainly, with some oats. No milk or
I slop was fed, water being the only liquid
given. Mr. Arnston won $75 by getting
first in the class and an additional $100
for» grand premium.

The best authorities on the subject
seem to be unanimously agreed that well
fattened swine will bring high enough
prices this winter and next spring to
well reward stockmen for the time and
feed required. It is no time to market
imamture hogs.

At the recent combination Shorthorn
sale at Chicago during the International
under the auspices of the American
Shorthorn Breeders’ Association the Kan-
sas Agricultural College bought a bull
for $400, the North Dakota Agricultural
College bought a bull for $430, the Col-
orado Agricultural College bought a bull
for $425, and one was sold to the Univer—
sity of Minnesota for $330. The top of
the sale was Ruberta’s Choice, bought
93325 F. W. Harding, Of Wisconsin. foi'

 

 

 

the demand centers -

 

 

 

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‘vv’are given in the last edition.

 

me. a,"1911.
'2 1117373 TH! usflarrlon.

 

.m the firet’edition the Detroit Live'

stock markets are reports of last week;
all othermarkets are right up to date.

We Detroit Live Stock markets
The first
edition is mailed Thursday. the last edi-
tion Friday morning. The first edition is
mailed to .those who care more to get the
paper_ early than they do for Thursday's
Detront Live Stock market report. You
may have any edition desired. Subscrib-
ers may change from one edition to an-

, other by dropping us a card to thateltect.

DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKIT3-

Thursday’s Market.
December 21, 1911.

Cattle.
Receipts. 759. Market steady at last
week’s prices. . '
We quote: Best dry-fed steers and

-heifers, $6@6.50; steers and heifers, 1,000

to 1,200, $5@5.75; steers and heifers, 800
to 1,000, $4@5; do. that are fat, 500 to
700, $_3.50@4; choice fat cows, $4@4.25;
,good do., $3.50@3.75; common cows, $2.75
@325; canners. $1.75@2.75; choice heavy
bulls, $3.75@4.25; fair to good bolognas,
bulls, $3@3.50; stock bulls, $2.75@3:
choice feeding steers, 800 to 1,000. $3.50@
4; choice stockers. 500 to 700, $3.50@4.25:
fair stockers, 500' to 700, $3033.50; stock
heifers, ”1503.25; milkers, large, young,
medium age, $40655; common milkers,
$207,740. ‘

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond. S. &
Co. 1 cow weighing 930 at $2.50, 1 do
weighing 850 at $2.50. 3 do av 1,057 at
$2.75, 6 do av 873 at $2.50, 1 do weighing
820 at $2.25, 6 do av 878 at $3, 4 do av
900 at $3.70; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 do
weighing 1,400 at $4.25, 1 bull weighing
1,300 at $3.75, 6 steers av .873 at $5.25, 6
do av 926 at $4.50, 2 cows av 965 at $3.
1 bull weighing 1,250 at $3.50, 2 heifers
av 730 at $4.10; to Bresnahan 4 canners
av 807 at $2.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 1
steer weighing 1,230 at $6.50; to Ratt-
kowsky 2 cows av 1,025 at $3.45; to
Douglass 3 butchers av 783 at $4.50, 1
cow weighing 1,050 at $4, 3 do av 937 at
$4.25; to Goose 4 cows av 1,112 at $3.10;
to Fromm 1 cow weighing 1,150 at $2.90;
to Rattkowsky 1 bull weighing 510 at $3,
3 cows av 1,113 at $3.50; to Sullivan P.
Co. 4 cows av 827 at $3.50; to Bresnahan
7 canners av 888 at $2.50; 10 Newton B.
Co. 16 steers av 994 at $5.50, 1 cow weigh-
ing 1,000 at $3.50, 2 do av 1.030 at $4, 1
do weighing 940 at $2.75. 3 butchers av
843 at $4, 2 cows av 965 at $2.40, 3 do av
960 at $3.25, 2 do av 1.030 at $4.10, 1 ox
weighing 1,930 at $4.75, 1 do weighing
1,500 at $3.75.

Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.
33 butchers av 746 at $4, 28 do av 940 at
$4.75, 27 do av 808 at $4.50, 3 do av 853
at $4.10; to Perrin 19 stockers av 616 at
$3.75; to Goose 5 butchers av 344 at $2.50,
1 heifer weighing 380 at $3, 1 bull weigh-
ing 1,050 at $3.75, 1 cow weighing 980 at
$3; to Regan 1 heifer weighing 550 at
$3.90; to Bresnahan 1 canner weighing
900 at $2.50, 4 do av 790 at $2.50; to Ratt-
kowsiny 4 steers Weighing 730 at $4.75, 2
do av 780 at. $4.75, 5 cows av 1,088 at
$3.85; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av 1,040 at
$3.50, 1 bull weighing 1,020 at $3.50. 1 can-
ner weighing 970 at $2.75; to Thompson
Bros. 4 butchers av 1,100 at $4; to Regan
4 heifers av 525 at $3.75; to Newton B.
Co. 2 cows av 775 at $2.75; to Hammond,
S. & Co. 3 canners av 700 at $2.50; to
Lucke 5 stockers av 554 at $3.50, 14 do
av 376 at $3.25; to Perrin 8 do av 625 at
$4.25; to Hirschleman 8 butchers av 750
at $3.40.

Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. & Co.
4 canners av 845 at $2.75; to Bresnahan
11 butchers av 603 at $3.55; to Sullivan
P. Co. 4 do av 810 at $4.25, 3 do av 977
at $5.25; to Rattkowsky 1 cow weighing
940 at $4.25, 3 butchers av 670 at $3.50,
1 heifer weighing 430 at $3; to Heinrich
1 do weighing 830 at $4.25, 4 steers av
1,220 at $6.

Sharp sold Goose 3 cows av 1,087 at

.50.

Weeks sold Sullivan P. Co. 3 canners
av 800 at $2.50.

Johnson sold same 9 butchers av 652
at $4.25.

Lovewell sold same 2 canners av 800 at

25

Stephens sold same 5 do av 774 at $2.75,
2 do av 825.at $2.25.
Sandeil 8; T. sold same 3 do av 900 at
$2.65.
Johnson sold Perrin 7 stockers av 590
at $3.80.

Johnson sold Thompson 1 bull weighing
1,030 at $3.75, 1 do weighing 1,200 at $4.

Lovewell sold same 4 cows av 1,087 at
$3.65, 1 heifer weighing 840 at $5.

Veal Calves.

Receipts, 582. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best, $8@8.50; others, $4@

7.75;- milch cows and springers $3@5
lower.
Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

5 av 155 at $8.50, 40 av 140 at $7.50, 3 av
130 at $7.50, 9 av 150 at $8; to Thompson
Bros. 3 av 120 at $5.50, 3 av 165 at $8.50,
4 av 90 at $5, 5 av 125 at $7; to Mich.
13. Co. 10 av 137 at $8. 10 av 138 at $7.75;
to Goose 4 av 120 at $7.50, 4 av 135 at
$7.50, 2 av 140 at $5; to Parker, W. & Co.
3 av 130 at $8, 6 av 130 at $7. 8 av 130 at
$7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 av 150 at
$8.50, 1 weighing 120 at $6.50, 5 av 125 at
$5.50. 4 av 155 at $8.50, 5 av 115 at $6, 14
av 140 at $8, 4 av 100 at $6.50, 16 av 145
at $8; to Mich. B. Co. 21 av 140 at $8.
10 av 152 at $8.25.

S icer & R. sold Rattkowsky 3 av 150
at 6, 6 av 130 at $8: to Sullivan P. Co.
2 av 120 at $5, 4 av 130 at $8, 3 av 120 at
$6.50. 1 weighing 100 at $8.50; to Mich.
B. 00. 4 av 155 .at $8; to Newton B. Co.
3 av 145 at $7.50; to Thompson Bros. 9
av 140 at $5.50; to Sullivan P. 00. 1
weighing 160 at $8. 2 av 110 at $5, 4 av
130 at $7; to Burnstine 10 av 137 at $8.

Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av
145 at $8, 2 av 120 at $8.
t‘Jegele' sold Newton B. Co. 6 av 150

a .
Stephens sold Hammond, S. a Go. 1
'weighing 80 at $5, 2 av 135 at $7.50.

 
  

' THE MICHIGAN FARMER‘.

Sheep and Lambs.
Receipts, 7,045. Good lambs 15@25c
higher than last week; others steady;
few choice at $6.25. Best lambs, $6@
6.25; fair lambs, $5@5.75; light to com-
mon lambs, $3.50@4.50; fair to good sheep
$2.75@3; culls and common, $1.75@2.75.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.
19 lambsav 55 at $5. 37 do av 70 at
$5.50, 49 do av 70 at $5.75, 35 do av 57 at
$4.25, 52 do av 53 at $4; to Nagle P. Co.
22 do av 70 at $5.75, 84 do av 60 at $5,
94 do av 75 at $6.20; to Thompson Bros.
8 sheep av 73 at $3, 22 lambs av 50 at
$3.50, 23 do av 67 at $6; to Youngs 12
sheep av 110 at $2.75, 5 do av 125 at $3,
74 do av 90 at $2.50, 290 lambs av 75 at
$5.75, 75 do av 73 at $6, 63 av 83 at $6.25,
103 av 75 at $6.20, 79 sheep av 93 at $2.75,
82 do av 95 at $2.50, 16 lambs av 80 at
$5.75, 326 do av 80 at $6, 78 sheep av 120
at $3; to Hayes 6 lambs av 65 at $3.25, 21
do av 60 at $5.25; to Parker, W. & Co.
82 do av 60 at $5.75; to Breitenbeck 62 do
av 55 at $5, 25 do av 55 at $4.75, 19 sheep
av 105 at $2.50; to Mich. B. Co. 42 lambs
av 85 at $6.25; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 85
sheep av 95 at $2.75, 26 do av 90 at $2.50.
86 lambs av 60 at $4.50; to Parker, W. &
Co. 47 do av 65 at $5.75.

Spicer & R. sold Barlage 18 lambs av
55 at $5, 24 do av 75 at $6, 3 sheep av 100
at $2.50, 12 do av 125 at $3.25; to Ratt~
kowsky 8 do av 105 at $3.35; to Mich. B.
Co. 41 lambs av 55 at $5.50, 25 do av 75
at $4.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 23 do av 85
at $6.25, 15 do av 65 at $5, 102 do av 75
at $6; to Newton B. Co. 11 do av 62 at
$5, 79 do av 75 at $6.25; to Hayes 76 do
av 56 at $5.; to Newton B. Co. 15 do av
73 at $6, 2 bucks av 155 at $2, 4 sheep
av 75 at $2, 20 do av 110 at $3.2?; to
Sullivan P. Co. 10 do av 87 at $2.25; to
Thompson Bros. 3 do av 100 at $2, 15
lambs av 55 at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 1
buck weighing 130 at $3, 1 lamb weigh—
ing 80 at $6; to Newton B. Co. 4 do av
65 at $4.

Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 10 lambs av
46 at $3.50, 37 do av 55 at $5.50, 12 sheep
av 85 at $2.50.

Haley & M. sold Hayes 11 lambs av
50 at $4.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 64 do
av 70 at $6; to Thompson Bros. 30 sheep
av 115 at $3.

W'eeks sold Sullivan P. Co. 15 sheep av
80 at $2.50, 97 lambs av 70 at $5.

Hogs.

Receipts, 5,675. None sold up to noon;
packers bidding as follows:

Range of prices: Light to. good butch-
ers. $6; pigs, $5.50@5.65; light yorkers,
$5.75@5.90; stags one—third off.

Bishop, B. & ll. sold Hammond, S. &
Co. 2,160 av 200 at $6. 915 av 185 at
$5.95, 770 av 175 at $5.90, 425 av 140 at
$5.80.
. Haley & M. sold Parker, 1V. & Co. 540
av 210 at $6, 435 av 185 at $5.90.

Spicer & R. sold same 1,350 av 200 at
$6, 150 av 180 at $5.90. _

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 435
av 200 at $6, 41 av 175 at $5.75.

 

LIVE STOCK NOTES.

The beef canning trade of this country
will be seriously affected by the exclu-
sion by the British war office of bids on
army meat contracts by the ten indicted
Chicago packers pending the determina—
tion of the anti-trust case in the District
Court at Chicago. It is conservatively
estimated that this will mean a loss of
$18,000.000 per annum, and it is expected
to mean the transference of such pur-
chases by the British government to
Australia and Argentina. The Armours
and the Swifts have Argentine interests,
but they are excluded from making bids
along with the heads of the concerns in
Chicago. '

About the same number of sheep and
lambs are fed on feed around Minne-
apolis and St. Paul as a. year ago. or
about 36,000 head. This is the first feed-
ing, and it is stated that more flocks will
come from Montana for the second feed
ing. Lambs lead off greatly in number,
and after the first of the coming year
fair shipments to market will start up.
Feeding operations in that part of Min-
nesota are a small affair compared to
what was done only a few years earlier,
this being attributable to the inferior
quality and the dearness of screenings.

Provisions have been in a very weak
position for some weeks because of the
extremely liberal and fast increasing
stocks of cured hog meats and lard held
in western packing centers. Large spec-
ulative holders have been realizing, and
the numerous lots thrown upon the mar-
ket have greatly depressed values from
time to time. Word comes from Ham-
burg that provisions in Germany and
elsewhere in Europe are weakening and
that foreign holdings of lard are so heavy
that there will be a much smaller demand
for American lard than last year.

Not long ago a sale was made on the
Chicago market of 42 head of prime An-
agus heifers that averaged 975 lbs. at
$6.85 per 100 lbs. They were raised down
in Texas, wintered in Oklahoma and fed
later in Illinois. Since last May the
heifers have been fed ground corn and
a little oil meal on grass, but as soon as
new corn could be had it was fed brok-
en, and later pumpkins were given daily.
They were marketed by the man who
raised them, C. S. Batchelder. the widely-
known farmer and stock feeder of Illinois
and Oklahoma, and he was proud of the
work of his two boys of ten and twelve
years of age respectively in helping fat-
ten the heifers.

For the first time in the history of the
International Live Stock Exposition aged

wethers won the sweepstakes this year‘

over lambs. The bunch cost the feeder
when he purchased them at South Omaha
as feeders last August $3.35 per 100 lbs.,
while at the time of their exhibition they
tipped the scales at 165 lbs., and they
brought $7.60 per 100 lbs. They were
originally from Wyoming, and were out
of medium wool Merino ewes and ther-
oughbred Cotswold bucks. When they
reached the Finley farm in Illinois, where
they were prepared for the show, they

were put on bluegrass, timothy and clo-
ver pastures. At the beginning, ' of. Sep-
tember they were started on a small
amount of ear corn, this allowance being
gradually increased, and. by the middle
of the month a little oil meal Was added.
By the‘ middle of the following month
the sheep were put in a dry feed lot and
given alfalfa in the place of being given
the run of a pasture. Six weeks before
b91118 sent to the show the car com al-
lowance was changed to shelled corn. as
they Would not eat enough off the cob to
make the desired gains. During Sep—
tember and October it was the worst fall
feeding the owner ever knew, being warm
and wet weather. '

At a recent trial of hogs by the Wis-
consin experiment station it was discov—
ered that an acre of rape produced as
much gain on pigs when used as a pas-
ture crop along with grain as 56 bushels
of corn would accomplish. It was also
found that the pigs gained faster after
the rape feeding was discontinued than
those which had been fed on grain alone.

Additional reports are received from
many rarts of the corn belt states that
owmg to the lack of hogs to follow cat—
tle, farmers have to a great extent dis-
continued fattening cattle this winter.
Farmers who are situated for doing so
should see that their cattle are good and
fat before shipping them to market.

(Continued from ' page 561).

American colonies, has kept Ireland agi-
tated and prophesied disaster when the
liberals brought the Boers under the con—
stitutional provisions of England. Those
who father the new idea sce in the fu-
ture an autonomous government for
India.

Authorities report that there are 76
cases of typhoid fever of a virulent type
at Sarnia. Ontario. The water supply of
the city is taken from the St. Clair river
where it is believed to be poluted by the
sewagc of Port lluron. '

Persia has finally agreed to the de-
mands of Russia by dismissing Treasurer
Shuster. an American. from her service.
This removes the chief obstacle to good
relations between the two countries and
opens the way to a settlement of differ-
ences.

italian troops are advancing toward
the interior of Tripoli. It is reported that
the Turks and Arabs are short in their

supply of ammunition which it will be
difficult to replenish, since the only route
heretofore available for getting supplies
from Asia Minor has been cut off by
Viscount Kitchener, of Egypt, declaring
that country to be ncutral and prohibiting
the importation of war supplies into
Tripoli. It is also stated that Italy is
encouraging another Albanian revolt to
keep the attention of Turkey at home
and prevent her giving further assistance
to the forces in Africa.

. Emperor Francis Joseph. of Austria,
is reported ill and much anxiety is shown
over his condition.

The whereabouts of General
Reyes who was recently arrested as a
fomenier of a revolution against the
Mexican government are unknown. Re—
ports stating that he is in New York city
are generally believed to be unfounded.

CROP AND MARKET NOTES.

Mecosta 00., Dec. 14.—The weather has
been such that many of the farmers have
been plowing for the past week. The
weather for December to date has been
better than any period of equal length
during November. All the farm work
was cleanwi up in good shape this fall,
so that much of the plowing is being
done. Potatoes are a drug on the mar-
ket and have been for about three weeks.
The price has been around 700 during
that period. though they Were worth up
to 80c per bu. Hay is reported to be on
the down grade, selling for $15 to $17
per ton, baled. Hogs, 51/2C; chickens, Sc;
butter—fat, 34c; eggs. 300.

Ohio.

Wayne 00., Dec. 11.—The weather has
been quite wintry for several days, the
mercury having dropped to about eight
above zero. Had quite a snow storm on
Dec. 3, about eight inches of snow having
fallen. Had good sleighing for several
days, moderating down on the 8th with
rain on the 9th and 11th and roads are
quite muddy at present. Corn is not much
more than half husked in this part of the
county. Still some potatoes to dig. “’heat
90c per bu; oats. 40c; good timothy hay,
$19 per ton: dressed beef. 71/20 per lb. by
the side; pork, 71/20 dressed.

Carroll 60., Dec. 11,—It is nice and
warm here. The shredding of fodder is
under way. The roads are bad. There
is still lots of corn out in the fields. Bay
is scarce. Hogs are selling at 51/2c on
foot and the market is dull; butter, 34c:
Eggs, 25c; corn, 60c; buckwheat, 850;
wheat, $1; rye, 95c; No. 1 timothy hay,
$17 per ton.

Bernardo

Indiana.
.Laporte 00., Dec. 16.—-December, up to
date, has been mild. with cloudy days
and no extreme storms. November was
a wintry month in this section. Storms
delayed farm work and shredders are
still running to secure the corn crop.
Generally fair yield but could not safely
be placed in crib. Steady fall of snow
commenced at 4 a. m. and continued
until 9 o'clock. Snow packed nicely and

light sleighs are out on the road. A fine
covering for wheat and rye, as grain was
sowed late and has made small growth.
1Stgck is doing well, but few cattle being
e .

   
   

nation, only $275. 20 acres for $500.

excellent markets—delightful climate.

CHOICE VIRGINIA I-‘A RM
1:. & 0. Ry—As low As $1 5.00 Per Acre

Fertile 10 acre (adjoining) (not: of land. suitable lo: poultry, truck and fruit, near Railway

 
  

  

' i”) 571’

779mm Hill» STRAWE

' We t the top price on Consignments. make
libera advancements and prompt remittances.

Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.

PITTSBURG, PA.
Reference Washington Trust Company. or any bank in city

"'“""" TOP PRIGES F08 E008
Pay

We want nothing but. fresh, select stock.

Must be direct from first hands. Buoksters‘ and

collectors’ shipments not. solicited We supply you

with shipping cases. We pay all charges.

W. H. 'I‘IIOIIAS & 00.. 451 Woodland Ave., CLEVELAND. OHIO

mus lllll mm mus
run SALE on some

100 FARMS FOR SALE 3.2315333 2’3? 532?"?

J. CRANDAL a SON, Real Estate, VVellsville. N. Y:

We have dlriot buyers. Don't
FARMS WANTED—pay commissions. Write dos.
criblng property, naming lowest rice. We help buy-
ersiooate desirable pro rty FR . American nveet.
ment Association. 3 Pa ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn-

 

 

 

 

UR (JO-OPERATIVE LIST notes owner's price
for select FARMS all overqBouthern Mich gun.
The Ypsilanti Agency 00., Inc. Ypsilanti. Mich.

in Oceans. greatest. fruit 00. in U. S
we 38" Farms also grain. tstoes. alfalfa, dairying
Write for list. etc. HANé’BN & SON, Hart, Mich.

FARM

on the electric line, one and
one-half miles from Augusta.
productive soil. ood buildingsé

desirable location. Owner must sacrifice on nocoun
of ill health. Worth 8% an acre. 31“” gets it.
GOULD 8- RICHARDSON. Augusta. Hick.

—Good Jackson 00. Farms
for sale. chea . Write B.
Stillson, Jec eon. Mich.

 

Money-Making Farms
throu bout 15 states; improved. one to 1000 acres. $10
to all? an acre. Stock and tools included with many,
to settle estates uickly. Mammoth illustrated Cata-
logue “No. 34 " . E. A. B'I‘ROUT, Station 101,
Union Bank Bldg. Pittsburgh.

ANDERSON COUNTY’S BEST

—-l\lust sell at. once. Near good town.
Five Farms Terms to suit. Good house. all con-
venienees. such as both. hot. and cold water. natural
gas. (to. Prices, $75.00 to $135.11).
PEERLESS S. W. Co.. Garnett. Kas.
when you can buy
0 Beet Land

.wuv PAYREN ..

an at from

an acre

near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for mat!) and par-
ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. Sta eld Broa,
(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg . Saginaw. W. S. Michigan.

' —17. 0 acres is

Own a South Carohna Farm $893.... 0,, “5,3;
line Seaboard Air Line Railway at McBee . 0.
Fifteen to Twenty-Five Dollars per acre. investi-
gated and indorsed by Commissioner of iculture
of South Carolina. Will divide to suit. may pay-
ment plan. Speciallyadapted for growing truck, fruit,
corn and cotton. High and dry, no swam . Ideal
climate. Near famous winter resorts of ‘Ssouthern
Pines and Camden. Three railroads through prop-
erty. Eighteen hours to New York. Low frei ht rate.
Write fox-literature. SOUTHERN LAND DENVEIJOP
MEN’l‘ COMPANY, Dept. 5, LAURENS, S. O.

Lenawee County Farm for Sale.

Because of my son and other friends residing in
California, I have decided to make my future home
there. and therefore am oiiering my farm of 18) acres
lying three miles S. W. of Adrian, in the township
of Madison, for sale. The farm is one of the best in
Lenuwee County. has a fine macro wood lot. is equip-
ped with a modern residence, a good tenant house.
ample barns for dulrying and stock feeding. two silos
end a garage. and is one of the most disirable farm
homes in Michigan.

R. A. WOOLSEY. R.

Sunny Tennessee!

That section of Tennessee and Alabama traveled by ‘he
Nashville. Chattanooga & St. Louie Railway is rich in natu-
ral resources. and its climatic conditions and the fertility
of its soils oflcr unexcelled opportunities for the profitable
{reduction of rains.gresses. livestock and truck crops. '2?-

le and 8mg!" fern. lends may be had at very low

if E
WRITE 5353:1353?) 13131315713 (9)
a. r. sum. Traffic Man. Dept. P,Neslwll|e,1’enn.

 

 

 

I , Adrien. Michigan

 

 

' The Nation’s
Garden Spot-

m‘l‘ GREAT FRUIT AND TRUCK
. GROWING SECTION-
along the

Atlantic Coastline
RAILROAD ( ,

in Virginie, North and South Camila
Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to

 

 

 

WILBUR MCCOY E. N. CLARK,
A. a l. Agt. for Florida, A. 87 LAgt. torvnglnla
Alabama, Georgi and the Carolina,
Jacksonville, Fla. Wilmington, N. C. }

 

 

SILVER PLATED MILKING TUBES

 

For hard—milking cows or sore teats.
self-retaining. Prices, 21,5-inch, 25c; 3-
inch, 300, 396-lnch, 35c. Send orders to
The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.

ALONG
TIIE

 

“Country Life in Virginia" booklet of 134 page: gives

iuli description of broad mm for alfalfa, com. and other grains and grasses. Abundant rainfall—

Low excursion rates and booklet free. Address :

K. T. CRAWLEY. Industrial Agent, Chesapeake & Ohio Rfllway, Richmond, Va. Box LS.


5,72 (24)
Ma _‘ (Continued from page 559).

ed ‘that a cold storage building on the
farm _made the grower independent of the
buyer. .Holding a few days may“ make a.
great difference in the market. Imme-
diate cooling soon after picking'is also
quite an‘ advantage. In the west they
have pre—cooling plants for
where'they are cooled in the cars be-
fore shipping Fruits must be handled
carefully before storing so the skin shall
be intact. Leaving open barrels in the
orchard over night aids in cooling‘them.
Prof. Eustace found that it took a week
for a headed barrel of apples to cool uni-
formly from 80 to 33 degrees. This ex-
plains why apples do not keep as well
sometimes in the center, of the barrel.
Fruit cools sooner in open packages but
'shrivels more. Good ventilation

is es-

sential. '
There are several types of storage
buildings. 1. Air-cooled storage. This is

fairly satisfactory but will not produce
as low or as even a temperature as ice-
cooled storage. Mr. Smith, of Kent coun-
ty has a 'fairly good one with a cold air
duct to bring cold air to the building.
Where the nights are quite cool these,
work very nicely. Fall is the critical
period.

2. Ice—cooled storage buildings. One
type of such buildings has the ice stored
above the cooling room, .with cold air
ducts leading downward to it and warm
air passages leading from the sides'and
top upward to the ice storage. A tem-
perature of from 34 to 40 degrees can be
maintained by using plenty of ice. An-
other type of ice-cooled storage is one
where the ice is broken and placed in a
tank above with 25 per cent of salt.
From this tank vertical brine pipes lead
to the storage room below. This system
will produce a lower temperature and re-
quire less ice than the former method.

A' third and best type of ice—cooled
storage is the gravity brine system,
which acts reversely to a hot water heat—
ing system. The coils which circulate to
the storage room and to the cooling tank
above contain a brine which does not
freeze except at a very low temperature.
The upper part of these coils rests in an
ice tank containing ice and salt. As the
brine in the pipes in the storage room
warms it rises and is cooled in the coils
in the ice tank. This system costs more
to install but is more efficient and cheap-
er to operate. This system is installed
at the College and works very satisfac-
torily. The ice tank is filled about twice
per week. In Michigan it is estimated
that it will require from 100 to 175 tons
of ice per season for 1,000 barrels of
apples.

Under the general topic,

What Means Can We Employ to More
Profitably Market Our Fruits?
Charles Pratt, of Benton Harbor, took up
the sub—topic, “Education." Mr. Pratt
stated that the grower should «have a
knowledge of soils, chemistry, diseases,
varieties, be able to sift reading matter.
and be a good business man. We should
study the methods of other successful
growers. Study the problems of cover
crops, rotation, tillage. Have good tools.
A wide light draft harrow saved the cost
of another man, team andbarrow. Look
up the latest information on spraying,
pruning, and thinning. Marketing is half
of fruit growing. Prepare for it before—
hand and be ready to pick at just the
right time. Have a well ordered pack—
ing house, handle the fruit carefully,
grade and pack honestly, and put name
on the package. The California lug box
was shown and described as being very
handy in hauling and storing fruits be—
fore packing. The meeting then ad-

journed until evening.

Wednesday evening after an excellent
musical program, Prof. Pettit, of M. A.
0, gave an illustrated talk on
. Insects Every Frult Grower Should

Know.

It is impossible to give any satisfactory
report of an illustrated lecture without
the illustrations, but we shall mention a
few of these insects so the reader may
look them up. Among those shown were
the cane borer, scurfy scale, San Jose
Scale, oyster shell scale, European fruit
scale, cottony maple scale, plant louse,
wooly louse of apple, potato bug destroy-
er (which kills the bugs by sucking their
juices), Buffalo tree hopper, pear psylla,
cutworms (use bran and molasses one to
50), codlin.moth in all stages, tomato
stock borer, apple blossoms showing stage
for'spraying (as soon as stamens wilt),
gooseberry. fruit worm eggs, tussock
moth, plum curculio, old-fashioned potato
beetle and cucumber beetle (dust on
powdered lime- sulphur when dew is on).

‘ (Continued next week).

   
  
 
 
  
 

oranges, ‘

THE MICHIGAN FARMER
TEN

E "En

Or More In Every Township
To Get My, New Proposition

- YES. SIB! iohzrmaisuassaazri:

 

    
   
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
   

every township in the United States. I have a pro 051-
tion to make you that knocks the bottom out o the
lowest engine priceafyou ever heard of. This odor has
taken the windp out o the sails of every engine manufac-
turer in the country—th'ey’ re dumbfounded. I am ac-
tually going to make you a. proposition that is as good

as a. gift of $25 to 3300. according to size you want.

Think of that. Write today and get full information on the Greatest Engine Offer
ever made. I will stake every dollar of my own and the company ‘3 capital .
and reputation on the quality of these engines. Send me your name and ‘
address now and 1’ ll send you a proposition that will certainly open
your eyes. Be on the safe side and write me now, There isn’t a. better
engine made at any price-no higher quality possible-no better on-

ibl . F 1 t 15H
glue poss e rom % 0 "Illiflm Galloway 00-

Thfl "OW Galloway .. Wm. Galloway, Pro-Mont

Boss of the Fol-In 645P oauomy suuon.
I- .. Waterloo, Iowa

    

 

1 You’re Robbing
the Soil

of part of its most valuable and fertile pro-
ducts—ammonia, potash and phOIphorous—
every time you grow a com crop.
There must be replaced regularly or in a few Q \
yearI all the fertility of the Ioil will be exhausted. ‘I

Jarecki Brand Fertilizers

contaim all the foods neceIIary to the perfect
development and maturity of corn‘.

Drill Jarecki Fertilizer, 200 to 400 IbI. to the acre,
and you will get 80 to 100 bushels of better, more
fully developed com per acre.

Write for free memorandum book. Contains the
, B, C, of fertilization. Free to all growers.

Tun JARECKI CHEMICAL Co.
Sandquy and Cincinnati, Ohio.
Agonto wanted in ovary vicinity.

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 

olrmnuzlzb

 

 

 

 

0t: o
fififias 337g?-
%.o-IW ‘Jli
1.. ~=
719 07-
ul-H '

     
    
   
 

 

An Indiana Farmer Had
Two Fields of Wheat
On one he used 200 pounds per acre of “Old Abe”
Reliable Wheat Grower. The other was unfertilized.
The fertilized field yielded $18 per acre more than

the unfertilized field. In other words,

“Old Abe” Fertilizer

returned a profit of 800 per cent.

 
   
 
  

\‘ Ask your dealer about our Reliable Wheat Grower and Corn Special, or write
\./ direct to us for booklet and prices. We sell direct where we have no dealer.
You get a positive guaranty of analysis with every bag.

Wisconsin and Illinois authoritias have analyzed " Old Abe"

Fertilizers and found than richer than we guaranteed that» to III.

Write today for our booklet, "The Farmer' I Bandy Pocket Companion, " and learn more
about. “Old Abe” Fertilizer-I. Reliable dealer-I wanted everywhere. AddroII Dept (‘. \

CHICAGO FERTILIZER AND CHEMICAL WORKS, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Ill.

Big Stumps Pulled

Quick and Easy ”° “ml: °“"

tho Herculoo
Pulls an acre a.day It doubles land values. Enables you to

grow crops instead of paying taxes on land that yields nothing.

HERCULES

More power than a tractor. 60 er centli hter
400 per cent six-on er than cIItIlron pullegr. 36
days free trial. year guarantee to replace,
free, all castings that break from any cause
tever Dou Ie safety ratcllcts insure Infe-
tyto men and team. Accurate turnin means
lght drIft. Mail postal for free boo show-
ing photos and letterI from ownerI. Tells
how to turn Itum 1.3.11;qu bi
money. poc ntroduct
\ interest ou. Write now. cry price proposition will
[[30qu llF‘G. CO. .. 137 -—l'l¢h 3t.
Centerviue, lows

 

All .
flu!

     
   
     
    
  

  
 
 

 
 
  

  
 

  

    
 
 

 

 

K___ELLY DUPTE IIIII LLs

Only mill mode with a double set 0!
grinders or burn. Have a grinding r
surface of just double that of my r
other mill of equal Iizo, therefore, I.’

Do Twice as Much
‘ Work.

Grind our com, Ihollod
onto! rye, who“,

STRONGESTW-m FENCE MADE

26-inch Hog Fence, ______ 15c.

47-inch FIrIn Fence.---23%c.
60-inch Poultry Fence" "30¢.
80-I'od spoolBIrb Win, 81. 40

’Mony styles and heights. Our la. Eree Comic
contoInI fence information you l32mm have. . g .

0011.!” SPRING FENCE C0. Box 21 WinchItorJId

 

 

  
   
 
 
   
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calhoun Co. S. B. HARTMAN.

 

girl”, I! corn, opt-
n
11‘ I90 I 03:; or THE BATCH“ WI“ Drum
, 1 ~ Willw Willi?! with one tho
man; i.- . largest th wine“! the nor-
powor than on! other mill. , Wall in a woven
tarp-cling fence. ZEY mail post. poi for. so canto.
origins. III-luau was. Agents wanted. no Illustrated
1:...on IIIIII. um.co.nmsm¢m.on1oB-°PR°BM°°- million-0-

        
  
   
   
  
   
   
  
 
  
 
  
 
    
    
    
  
   
  
     

 

Trlp Io
PoirotI

 
   
    

      
 

' y‘;.I/lt“:<\‘ loll

 

 

. 23, 1911..

.Makesflarr

Cleaninyfsoy
1‘er km A Boy

Big Free Book tells moot astoun. :1;
facts ever printed—about the profit

there islin this easy way to clean barns.‘
Also tel 5 WII the ,
y anure

Man
Great Western Carrier

beats all other carriers for

quality, efficiency and dura-

bility. Write today for our

big free book" J.’ ’Address

~ Rock Island Pdh' Co..,
Rock] Ildan .11].

or any of our Branch Home.

. mans" F
“his“ 1:11" “i... 1:"
m»
"” °" 013:" “

    

  

 

1V2 Horsei 3ower
For 1% Hours
For 1V2 Cents

We know this Callie Perfection Special to lie ab-
solutely the greatest engine value on the market...
Built by automobile men with automobile moch-
lnery-runa econdmically on kerosene or gasoline-
your two hands the only tools you'll need.
simplest construction of anyf

your 14-year old boy can take3 care of it.
of the finest material, every moving part war a
as smooth and sweet. as a watch. Our free book
tells how we make a. better engine at. a. lower I‘prico
than our com etltors. Write for free book and
15-day free tr al offer.

CAILLE PERFECTION MOTORm C0.
301 Second Sire troll, Mich.

$48

Com lete and
R y to Run

 

udfecd. Getthebest mill.
The Corn Belt grinds so and ha corn—and small
grainhotoot. hoot om! elm-poof. No cloggi
Ground burr. wlth o plow
do It. Does not burn the fe

”GOIIII BELT”IIIII

has revolving knives that‘ohop comaud

cob and burrs that grln9. Vertical feed

means even distributionu Lathe-centered
burrs mean even grinding. Sent on

are made by farmers who

\\Wyfi mli‘fl

Burrs are easily changed in 3
minutes. Send for free book '

39 loin 8t. ,
V ' ounce, llIInolI

 

 

Engine Prices ~Drop

$372 BUYS 1% H. P.

DETROIT- AMERICAN

Big Free Book and 29 years’ reputation for mak-
ing world‘ s best form machines roves quality.
Greatest engine offer ever ma e. Equal bargains
in other sizes—larger and smaller.

Direct From Factory—30 Days Trial

Long guarantee. Don’t think of pam'n for any
other engine before you get ourprice on t e one you
want! WRITE POSTAL NOW.

   
   
    
  
   

1028 until!” street
Detroit, Mich.

NOTE—Catalog also shown

on voluea in Burrows, Cultivator.
Bprwl 8

 
 
    
   

 

‘fllE [ARGEST AND BEST LINE or

WELL DRILLING

MACH I N ER Y ..-.......... V"

have been mak-
Ing it for over 20 years. Do not buy until you
see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14. Sand
for i tnow. It is FREE

Austin Ilanuiaoiurlng 00., Bhlolgo

OWN FENCE

13 CENTS ':
PER ROD up

‘RUSTPROOF: BULLSTRONG: PlGTlGl-IT
Fencesfor horIeI.cattle,Iheegvhogs. chlfkeulstc.
Special low bargain prices. 9 pay t e freight.
Ornament-l Lawn Fonpcoo “11%;!th Co.
t l ' B encore .
, Excixddsgiiirfi: a" 0‘ ngo Cleveland. Ohio

Kl TSELMAN F ENDS

Sold direct. to you at

prices on so Iloy trial. ' flow

the dealers pro t. Form, In.

I min” t and Poultry Fence at

l

M . 11% canon non up.

N mail allwireoue heavily

. , so rod spoolI of Idea.-
II rbod

 

 

 

    
 
   
 

. .
-,"“‘ If I‘r'Onx;

    

30* 27. KITSELIAII “08. IIIIIQIE, III.

   
  
  
   
  
  

100 diner-out styles and heights of ténmi V

r" J