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VOL. CXXXVIII. No. 8.;

Whole Number 3588.. .. ;





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT, Mica. SATURDAY. FEB. 24. 1912.





Shoo A YEAR. .

82.75 5 YEARS.





LEASING ORCHARDS AS A BUSINESS.





NLY a. few years ago the leasing

O of orchards was uncommon; now



nearly. every community has one

or

leasing orchards “by- tltis change?

Briefly we shall t1y to explain. 1 .



Owners desire to lease 111cha1ds. (1).

Because of a lack of time to (me for the

orchards themselves. The on nor may

be a general farmer with plenty of other

work to do, 01 he may be a. retired farm—

er who has leased the farm to a tenant

who does not desire to take ca1e of the

orchard, or again he may haVe othe1

business and hold the orchard only as an

investment.



(2). The owner may not have the dis—

position to care for the orchard even if

he has the time. He may not like to

prune or spray or pick apples, but pre-

fers to do general farm work. His usual





excuse for desiring to lease is a lack of





time, a very convenient excuse when 211:1

other is available. .



(3). ‘In some cases the owner really

lacks the ability to care for his orchard

so as to make it bring good returns, and

instead of learning how to do this work

he piefms to lease the orchatd to some

one \\ ho is qualified to care for it

”011121.151." " '



(4). The San Jose scale has come to be

an important factor in the leasing busi-

ness. The little scale has stepped in to

say that the owner must spray his or-

chard himself, lease it to some one who

will, or let it die. 1



The ienter deshes to lease bcc ausc he





is often a person who has little capital





and (annot purchase an orchaid of his

own. l-lis‘ capital is the ability and enel-

gy required to make a success of apple

growing it he can only get the material

to work \\ith It takes money to buy a.





grow one but the renter can take up the

business of leasing orchards with a very

small cash outlay. it also enables him

to realize on his 11111011 quickly as c0111-

pared with growing an orchard, and if

he is a beginner and desires to plant or-

chards of his own when able it gives him

valuable'expericncc as to varieties, soils

and care.



Finally the leasing of orchards is gen-

erally an advantage, to both parties. This

is the only true measure of a legitimate

and satisfactory business transaction.

Both parties should be benefited. in this

business labor and ability are joined with

capital and equipment, which makes an

excellent partnership. Orchards which

were dyingwith scale have been reclaim-

ed and placed in a thrifty condition, thus

greatly _ enhancing their value without

cost to the owner who has also realized

liltil'e from the orchard than he did be—

fore it was leased. At the sunte time the

renter has established a protltable busi—

ness with little cash outlay, and has the

pleasure of having enhanced the produc-

tivity of the leased orchards and made

them more valuable 50 the owner, the

community and himself. These are

among the reasons why the practice of

leasing orchards has assumed such pro-

portions. in our state in the" last few

years. ' "

we should also give due credit to the

horticultural department of our agricul—

tural. fe't‘jllége, land to Mr. It‘arran'd and

other pioneer' orchard rentesr who by

their advice and example have done much

to induce thoseoualified to take up this

excellent work of saving the orchards of

our state and placing Michigan again in

the nt rank as a. producer of choice





 

 





 





\Vith these introductory remarks on the

necessitvfor and giowth of the orchard

leasing business I wish to treat the sub-





moge persons who make a business of ject proper unde1 the following heads: 1.

The parties to the transaction. 2. The

orchard. 3. The contract. 4. The finan-

cial prospect. Each of these divisions

will be considered from the standpoint of





both owner and renter Of the parties

to the transaction we will first consider

the renter.



(1). First of all he should have ability

lie must be familiar with the principles

of orchard operations and able and will-

ing to profit by experience.



(2). He should have a love for the work





 





Harvest Scenes in the 35-Acre Spy Orchard of N. B. Hayes, of lonla County.





Mr. Hayes sold his 1911 crop for $9,000 on the packing table.

sprayed the first time with one part lime- sulphtu to 10 parts of water.

three sprays were one and one- half parts lime— sulphur

good 01cha1d and both time and money to tluee pounds of a1senate' of lead added for caclw 50 gals of the mixture.





 





of 33%;?" '





and a natural adaptability to it. if the

work is distasteful to him he will slight

it, and orcharding is no business for the.





careless man





(3) He 311011111 haVc time to att1n1l to x

the work The man who leases orchaids

must not be tied down to othei work too

closely if he would make a success in

this line. for his operations must be per-

formed .on time. '





(“wile must. have energy. Orcharding





is. no'VOCation for the shirk.



(5). He must have good equipment or"

"sufficient capital to procure same. A

power sprayer is very desirable but a

good hand pump will answer for limited

operations. Then ,he must have good

pruning ladders, packages, team .and





 





gufficient capital

labor until a crop is grown and marketed,

which may not be the first season.



He must have plenty of faith and

staying qualities, and not be discouraged

at an apparent failure. Success comes in

1ight by the proposition.



He must be fair and honest in his

both with the owner of the or-

his customers,

later come to grief.



There are also a few qualities which

should be possessed by the owner of the

be reasonable and

otl eiw1sc it will





otherwise he

will sooner or





 





 





This orchard was





 





bargain with

exacting and distrustful.

also be. honest and reliable, will-

ing to carry out to the letter any bargain

An owner who will break

as readily as he will make an agreement





be careful and ac-

Many conditionsVWill arise

covered by the contract.

should be ready

and willing to do the fair thing.



Let usnow turn from the parties to the





commodating.





course. has no choice‘of orchards.

orchard is of good size and in geod con-

dition he, is probably caring for it him-

self and will continue to do so.





sires or can be persuaded to lease the

01chard the proposition is then up to the

renter.



From the renter’s standpoint the or-'

chard should be of fair size. A small

orchard, unless conveniently located near .

another leased orchard will hardly pay

for the time lost in getting to and from

it. It should also be located near a mar—

ket or station if possible and near the





.home of the renter. Time consumed on





the road is time lost. I would give a

good rental for an orchard near home

and near a market, when the same or-r

chard might be worth very little to liter

if eight or ten miles distant. Again, the

orchard should have good varieties“

Winter apples are generally preferred,

but often summer or fall apples may pay

better if there are enough of them to

pay for marketing. It costs too much to

gather and market a few barrels of fruit

at a time from o1chards away from home.

A few standard varieties ol‘ good quality,

such as Spy, Baldwin, Jonathan, and

Greening, are much better than orchards

of many varieties such as are generally

found in orchards outside of fruit dis-





.t‘ricts. . . , -. . I.





.The accessibility of the orchard for

spraying and harvesting should also he

considered. ‘he ground should be com—

paratively smooth, and not too hilly, Wat.-

er convonient and plentiful. fences good,

buildings for team and barrels acces-

sible, trees low and not too crowdt'ul, nor

too far exhausted by scale. ’l‘hickncss

of branches is not so detrimental as they

can be thinned out, neither is age :1. great

disadvantage if the trees hayc low heads,

with trunks and framework capable of

holding a good load of fruit. About the

worst class of trees, we find, are, those





'that have had the lower fl‘alilt*\\'t)l'l{ re—





moved by the. tree butcher for conven-

ience in working beneath them, or those

whose lower branches are dead or lost

from scale or crowding. It is difficult

and expensive to care for a, crop in these.

high tops, and it takes longer than the

ordinary lease to grow a new head be—

neath them.



This brings 11s to the most vital part

of the leasing business. namely, the con--

tract. All contracts for the lease of 111'—

chards should be in writing. it may room

unnecessary at the. time, to both parties,

but neither can anticipate the ('llilllg"S

that may take, place before the expira—

tion of a verbal contract that may termi—

nate it or render it. of little amount. I

speak from experience on this point for

I have in mind two orchards where. a.

written contract was not considered nec-

essaryby the owner and we, did not. de—

mand it. Both of these orchards have

tttrned out. unsatisfactory. in another

instance a \\ri1te11 contract is all that

hold an orchard 11nd tint-vented trouble.

If the orchard pays the rentcr well some

owners are bound to be dissatisfied, if‘

it does not: pay,. the renter may be the

quitter. The only safe way is to have 3.

written contract sufficiently explicit to

cover all conditions that may arise, Some

of the provisions which such a contract

should include are:





(1). The definition, addresses and sig-

natures of all paities to the CUIlll‘ati in-

cluding the owner or owners, the renter

and the tenant, if them is one. “e have

found the signature of the tenant es-

pecially desirable, as the renter will be

likely to have as much dealing with him

as with the owner, and his rights and

agreements should be carefully definied

in the contract. In one instance trouble



(Continued on page 230).
or , ,

FARM NOTE-S.





210





 





Seeding Alfalfa in Wheat.

I have been a reader of your paper for





many years and like it verymuch. I

wish to get some alfalfa growing. I





have a small piece of ground seeded to

wheat. It was oats after corn on sod

well manured and is a clay loam. The

insects were in the wheat when winter

began, so that We expect it to be very

poor. \I‘e are top-dressing it with stable

manure. eight loads to the acre. Now,

will I stand a chance of getting a. seed-

ing on this ground? I intend to drag it.

What time would be best to seed, and

had I better mix any other grass with It?

I put some lime on this ground after the

Wheat was put in.

'E. B. T.





Ingham Co.



As before noted in these columns, it

has not yet been fully determined wheth-

er alfalfa can be seeded in wheat with

success in an ordinary season, but there

is probably no question that with the

preparation which has been given to the

soil. if it is harrowed up thoroughly and

the alfalfa sown and covered as early in

the spring as practicable after danger

from hard freezing is past, that a suc-

cessful stand will follow. There is ap-

parently only one thing lacking, and that.

may not be necessary upon this soil, viz.,

inoculation. If the bacteria peculiar to

the alfalfa plant is not present in the

soil, it will not thrive, but inoculation

could be used at the time of sowing,

either by inoculating the seed with a

pure culture of this bacteria, or by sow-

ing some soil from a successful alfalfa

field and harrowing it in with the seed.

The. application of the stable manure and

the lime will furnish desirable results in

the success of this seeding and, with in—

oculation to make sure of the presence

of the bacteria, we believe thcre would

be no difficulty in getting a good stand

of alfalfa.



Regarding the mixing of other grass





seed with alfalfa. this is a matter upon

which opinions differ. Although most

growers favor sowing the alfalfa alone,





some mix it with alsike clover, orchard

grass. and with other grasses such as

meadow i'escue, which do not form a turf

and are, properly speaking, bunch

grasses. .\s this is somewhat in the nu-

iure of an experiment. it might not be

a bad plan to sow a little orchard grass

and some alsike clover with the alfalfa,

which would insure a stand in case the

alfalfa seeding is not a success.





Rape and Spurry as Crops for Green

Manure,



ls rape any good for cow pasture and

does it live through the winter? \Vould

it be of much value to the soil if I sow

it curly in the spring and plow it under

in the fall for corn the next spring? Also,

would like to know about giant spurry.

Is it good for land or not?



NCll‘aygo Co,



Rape does not

ture for two reasons.

the milk, giving.r it a disagreeable odor

and flavor; and second, it is inclined to

produce hovcu, or bloat, if pastured when

wet, although where some other feed is

available young‘cattle can be run on it

with comparative safety after they have

bccn accustomed to it. The dwarf Essex

tape. which is the variety always used

for forage crops, is a bieiinial, but it does

not live through the Wintcr in our climate

unless especially well protected with

snow. The second your it simply sends

up a seed stalk and produccs secd, but

docs not make any forage of value.





SUBSCRIBER.

a good cow pas-

First. it will taint





make





Now, regarding the use of rape as a,

soil renovator, it should be understood

that it does not add any plant food to





the soil that it did not take from it, and

its use in this connection Would not be of

any benefit, except where it is used as a.

catch crop. It can be sown in oats at

seeding time and will make a good growth

after harvest. It can also be sown in

corn at the last cultivation where mois—

ture conditions are favorable, or stubble

ground can be disked up after harvest

and rape sowu on same as a catch crop

to good advantage. In this way it will

conserve soil fertility by appropriating

available plant food and also by adding

vegetable matter to the soil when plowed

down to improve its mechanical condition

and content of humus. in Michigan ag-

riculture. liowcver. rape has the well

defined limitation of being a crop suit-

able only for green forage for sheep and

hogs, with a possible value for young

cattle. and as a catch crop to be sown

in midsummer as a cover crop or late

pasture. as above advised.





Spurry has not been grown to any ex-

tent in Michigan, and its place in Mich-

igan agriculture is doubtful for the rea—

son that on good soils it is very much

inclined to become a weed. On very

light, sandy soils, however, it has been

found of value as a means of producing





 





 





some towns and‘adding vegetable matter

to the soil as it stands drouth well. it

should, however, be experimented with

on a small scale by those who are not

familiar with its habits, About six quarts

of seed are sown per acre and the crop

matures in about eight weeks from the

time of sowing. For this reason it is of

limited value for pasture and, if one

would avoid the seed being scattered

upon the land, it must be disposed of

before they mature.



Seeding Pasture Grasses on Light Soil.





I have a field of loose, sandy soil that

had a June grass sod plowed under last

year and was planted to beans and kept

clean of grass and weeds. 1 would like

to get this field seeded and use it for

pasture for two or three years. Clover

would be good for the land and for pas-

ture while it lasted but in this locality

on this kind of soil is very uncertain

about getting a. stand on account of sand

blowing and cutting the young clover,

and for several years we have had too

many grasshoppers to get a stand of clo-

ver on this kind of soil, drouth also

makes getting a clover sod uncertain. Can

you tell me of any grasses that would be

good to use on this field in connection

with clover, that would make a stand

or seeding more certain than clover alone

or clover and timothy, and that would

not be difficult to kill out when I would

again like to cultivate. Bromus inermis

makes good pasture but is about the same

as quack grass to get rid of. In putting

in a crop this spring would it be better

to plow this field or just work it up with

a barrow? It is clean and it seems to

me loose enough. Is it better to turn the

partly decomposed sod to the surface or

leave it where it is? I would be. pleased to

learn through your paper what is the

best plan to follow in handling this class

of soil to bring it up to a profitable state

of fertility.



Grand Traverse Co. H. T.



of this kind





In seeding a light soil

where there is trouble from the blowing

sand cutting the young plants, it would

be better to plow the land, turning the

rartly decomposed June grass sod to the

surface, as this would be a protection

against the blowing of the sand. It,

would probably be better to seed this field

alone or with only a light nurse crop if

it is in a low condition of fertility, as

would be inferred from this inquiry. But

the land should be well compacted so as

to form a firm seed bed after plowing

and before the seed is sown. Repeated

rolling and harrowing will, insure this

condition. but the land should not be

rolled after the seed is sown, as this ag-

gravates the blowing of the sand, and

there will be less trouble from this source

if the surface is left rather rough after

the seed is sown. If the old sod is turn-

ed to the top and finely broken up, and

the seed is lightly COVered with a har-

row, or better still, if it can be sown

shallow with a drill, this trouble will be

largely obviated.



It is difiicult to advise other grasses to

SOW on this land, aside from those enu—

merated, that will produce good pasture

on this light soil. Bromus inermis is a

dry land grass, with great drought re-

sisting power and. although somewhat

persistent and hard to kill out, these are

the essential qualities which make it a

valuable pasture grass on thin land.

“here the grasshoppers are very pre-

valent, some ulsike clover should be sewn

with the red clover, as it seems to with-

stand their ravages better. Some tim-

othy, and perhaps a little orchard grass,

should be sown with the clovers, although

if the land is very thin'the latter grass

would not: make a big growth. Still it

starts early in the spring and might im-

prove the quality and productivity of the

pasture.



As to the best method of handling this

kind of soil to bring it up to a profitable

state of fertility, it is the writer's opinion

that any method which will quickly re-

plenish the supply of vegetable matter in

the soil will be more effective than get-

ting it into pasture grasses to be pas-

tured iWn or three years. If a stand of

clover can be secured and this pastured

for a single year'and turned down the

following year, the land to be again re-

seeded after growing a single crop, such

as corn or potatoes, this 'result will be

more quickly attained than by using it

for pasture for a longer period. If the

seeding falls from any one of the causes

mentioned. the land could be sown to rye

and sand vetch in the late summer or

early fall, and this plowed down the fol-

lowing year to add vegetable matter to

the soil, which must be the first step, and

is the most important step in building up

Its fertility. Of course, the method taken

to accomplish this result must depend up-

on the local conditions with which the

owner is confronted, and the plan out-

lined in the above inquiry would be a

step in the right direction. Yet, where

the, land is pastured for two or three

years the clovers will have about disap—

peared before it is again plowed,.and the





The Mici-i NET-AN FARMER. ' '





 





other greases will have made use of the

nitrogen which is stored in‘ the soil, while‘

the grasses will be grazed off and there

will not be a large amount of vegetable

matter to be added to the soil by the

plowing down of the sod which is secured

on this light land. It is true that the

droppings of the stock will add some

humus and conserve some of the plant

food fer future crops, but these drop—

pings will be unevenly distributed, and as

good results will not be secured as would

be the case if vegetable matter could be

added to the soil more rapidly, as would

be the case by pasturing the seeding but

a single year and then employing a short

rotation of crops and getting the land

into clover or some other legume if clo-

ver cannot be depended on, at the ear-

liest possible opportunity. The rehabili-

tation of these light sandy soils and the

problem of keeping them in a fertile con-

dition are difiicult phases of farm man-

agement, and no set rule can be laid

down for their accomplishment. It is an

individual problem on each farm, but the

underlying principle of success is the ad-

dition of vegetable matter to the soil as

rapidly as possible, until it becomes more

retentive of moisture, less inclined to

drift or blow and higher in its content of

available plant food.

Seedings Failed. __ .



I have fiVe acres which I 'plowed three

years ago, seeding to June clover, with

oats, getting a good catch over all. I in-

tended to plow clover under the next

June and sow to wheat in the fall. Could

not plow until August when first growth

was ripe and there was a good second

growth to turn under. Sowed to wheat,

usmg 200 lbs. of commercial fertilizer per

acre on upland. Sowed clover and tim-

othy last spring but. seeding failed on

whole field. This field is clay, light sand

and black low ground, with generally a

gravely sub-soil. Would it be best to re-

plow in spring and seed again, with or

without a nurse crop? Or would it be

better to top-dress with a manure spread-

er, disk in spring and seed with or with-

out a nurse crop? If a nurse crop is de-

sirable, what kind and why prefer it?



Hillsdale Co. ' C. J. H.



Either of the methods noted would

doubtless succeed in establishing clover

upon this land. There is a possibility

that the land may be in a somewhat acid

condition and needs lime. However, this

is probably not the case as the season last

year was so dry that clover failed for

want of moisture in many localities. There

would be just one object in plowing and

that would be that the weeds would not

be so troublesome as would be the case

if the land was disked and top-dressed

with stable manure. However, this top-

dressing would increase the prospects of

getting a seeding, and if this plan is em-

ployed it would be proper to sow'a light

nurse crop of oats or beardless barley to

be cut for hay as a means of keeping

down the weeds until the clover got a

good start. 01' the weeds could be clip-

ped back with a mower if desired.



It is quite possible that if this clever

seeding which was plowed down at the





last plowing was again turned to the top...





that you would get some results from it.

although it would not be safe to depend

upon this prospect, for which reason it

would not pay to plow on that account

alone. If you keep sheep, at good nurse

crop would be Dwarf cssex rape, which

could be, lightly pastured in midsummer.

It is cheaply seeded and the forage se—

cured will more than pay for the cost of

seeding and such light pasturing would

not injure the stand of clover to any ex-

tent, for the reason that rape is a very

palatable and succulent feed. However,

if the covler is sown alone without a

nurse crop and the season is a favorable

one sometimes a fair crop of hay can be

secured the first year, which is an argu—

ment in favor of this method of seeding.





POTATO EXPERIMENTS.



The Department of Agriculture has re-

ceived a report of some potato experi-

ments recently conducted in England. In

the first test the use of seed of sizes rang-

ing from 11,4 to 11/2 inches resulted in

crops varying directly in total weight with

the size and Weight of the sets planted,

but more than twice as great a 'weight

of diseased potatoes resulted from the

planting of the largest sets. In the fol-

lowing two years sets between 11/4 and

13.4 inches and those between 1% and 21/4

inches yielded crops averaging 11 tons

and 12 tons and three hundred weight

per acre respectively, but the weights

of marketable produce yielded were prac-

tically equal.



Potatoes which had sprouted badly and

from which the sprouts were removed

before planting, produced somewhat high-

er yields in four tests conducted in three

different Years than did sound unsproutcd

potatoes.





 





‘ FEB. 24.? 1‘912. 1 5





 





Is Yourfl-Iumo

Sale From ' , ~





 

 





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Are You Rubbing Yourchildren?





If your method of farming is such that you will

leave to your children an impoverished soil you

have failed in your duty to them.





Leave Then a Fertile Farm.





Deep plowing will make available the abund-

ant potash in the subsoil.

Legumes will supply plenty of. nitrogen.





You Must Buy Phosphorus In some form





and the only economical way is to buy it in the

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A necessity for Alfalfa. Increases the yield of all

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we? '
FEB: 24, 1912.





LOST OPPORTUNITIES IN GROWING

. SUGAR BEETS.





 





Not long ago passed through the sugar

beet district near the Owosso sugar fac-

tory and noticed that the farmers that

grew beets had thrown away—or in other

words, had not saved—the beet tops for

feed. I immediately made up my mind

that farmers of that kind probably grew

their beets year after year upon the same

fields and expressed my thought aloud to

my seatmate on the train. He assured

me that I was correct, in the main, and

he knew what he was talking about, be-

cause he is one of the directors of the

sugar company. He, himself, recognized

the danger of the practice and admitted

that the1e 11as grave danger of a short-

age of beets in the future due to the lack

of piofit there 11 ould be {01 the farmer if

the present course is continued.





The Menominee Sugar Co., until this

season. gave away their beet pulp, and

could not get the farmers in general to

take it then. This year they charged

only fifty cents a ton for it, loaded on

cars. l tried a car load of it on Hemlock

Hill Farm and kept close tab on the ex-

pense and found that the pulp cost fifty

cents a ton at Menominee. Freight was

one dollar and thirty cents and it cost

fifty cents a ton to dig the pit, haul it

from the car and pit it, a total of two

dollars and thirty cents a ton covered it,





A fter train pi ng thoroughly we covered

the pit of pulp with old sacks and

the like, then threw the clay loam





We had taken from the pit over that. \Ve

dug the pit six feet wide, about three

feet deep and forty feet long. walled it

up roughly and put in a floor of odds and

ends of boards on poles. Drainage room

was left underneath. At this time, Feb.

ruary 1. we are feeding it to the milk

cows and they are eating about forty

pounds a day of it. \Ve are also feeding

it to our bred Oxford and Shropshire ewes

and it is really amusing to see them eat

it up. They go after it like the boys go

after candy. It is not as valuable as

corn silage, in fact, it is hardly worth

two-thirds as much for feed but it cer-

tainly is great feed and I can’t see how

the farmers who get it can do without it.



_It‘ is a destruction of soil fertility to

grow boots, or any other crop, year after

year, in the same fields without rotation.

and at the same time fail to use the bee.~

tops and pulp for feed, returning the

manure to the land. That part of it is

bad enough, but there is another side to

this method also.‘ In addition to losing

this fertility of soil there is a loss to

the farmer of additional productiveness

of soil that can be had by growing sugar

beets properly. A century ago Europe

was producing such poor crops on an av-

(ragc, especially France, that it looked

like eventual starvation for the masses.

Napoleon and others helped establish the

sugar beet industry at that time through-

out Europe, and the results that are

claimed are remarkable. By using beets

in the rotation better crops were grown

afterwards until they will now grow su—

gar beets in European countries even

when the farmer obtains no direct profit

from the beets themselves. “'hercas, the

production per acre of all Europe was on

the decline one hundred years ago it has

steadily risen until it is twiCo the pro-

duction of the farms of this country to-

day Do not overlook the fact that this

increase was accomplished on soils that

had been cropped for a' thousand years.

Since the commencement of the up-build—

ing of European soils was coincident with

the rise of the sugar beet industry it is

probably fair to assume that it bad Some-

thing to do with this added production

Der acre. Our soils are very largely vir—

gin soils yet, comparatively speaking,

and it would seem as though with care

we can reap some of the added harvest

that France and Germany have found in

growing beets. Experiments in our own

state have proven, beyond a doubt, that

the sugar beet properly used is the fore-

runner of increased crops. Mr. Ira Car-

ley, of Menominee county, in the Upper

Peninsula, has produced two crops of

corn and two of oats of over one hun-

dred bushels per acre, after sugar beets

and his alfalfa. fields, planted after beets,

produce three heavy cuttings each year.

One farmer at Nadeau produced on a

single acre, over twenty-one tons of

beets for which he received $128.40. As

the cost was probably about $28.40 to

grow the beets he apparently had $100 an

acre profit. In addition he had several tons

of beet tops for feed and if he had his

pulp. sent, back he also .had a carload of

pulp, enough of that part of the ration

at abOut two dollars a ton, to feed half 3.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. , - m1





dozen milk cows. As I write this the

thought strikes me that our American

farmers fail to follow things through to

their ultimate conclusion, in that way

losing some of the legitimate profits of

the game. They do this in all their tran-

sactions with ~the middle man, so-called,

for instance. Some of the estates in

Hungary, for instance, raise their own

grains and have breweries of their own

to work them up, returning the refuse to

their stables for feed. Some have beet

sugar factories of their own to work up

their beets and those of their neighbors

and the pulp and tops are fed to their

(wn cattle. A system .of rotation is fol-

lowed and instead of growing poorer and

poorer each year in fertility these farms

grow riched each year. \Vhy Will our

American farmers refuse to listen. refuse

to take the profits rightly theirs?

Ontonagon Co. T. A. GREEN.





WHAT MAKES SOILS PRODUCTIVE?



“Any soil which was once rich can

again be made rich.” is the declaration

made by Professor Alfred Vivian, acting

dean of the College of Agriculture, Ohio

State l'niversity, in a recent address, The

principal factor concerned in the. restora-

tion of soil fertility, according to Prof.

Vivian, is organic matter. “The destruc-

‘thin of organic matter. by cultivation and

otherwise, is largely responsible for the





depletion of our soils," said he. “This

organic mater must be restored if we ex—

pect our farms to be productive. \Vliat





does organic matter do? It increases the

power of the soil to absorb and retain

moisture; improves the physical or me-

chanical condition of the soil; helps to

control soil temperature; and is a store-

house of plant food. How can organic

matter be restored to the soil? By' sav—

ing all animal manures and putting them

(11110 the land; by making use of all crop

residues, that is, putting back into the soil

everything not used for feed; by turning

under green manurlng and catch crops.”

l’rof. Vivian pointed out the loss sus-

tained by burning straw stacks and oth-

er crop residues and declared that the dif.

I'erenee between the careful saving of this

plant food and its wanton destruction was

“the difference between the salvation and

damnation of our soils."





.—





GOOD ROADS FOR GENESEE

COUNTY.





 





By resolution of the board of super—

visors, approved February 9, to submit

the question of bonding the county for

$500,000 for the purpose of building coun—

ty roads is to be decided by the citizens

of the county on April 1 next.



This measure has been long very ear—

nestly advocated by the chamber of com—

merce of the city of Flint and champion-

ed by the Daily Journal, Flint's lea’ding

newspaper. The deplorable condition of

the roads of the county has been set

forth to such an extent as to almost cast

a reflection upon the county, especially

the farmers who up to this time have

built and maintained the roads of the

county.



\\'e, have been led to believe that the

(ounty is one of the most progressive of

the state. .1\ drive through the county

in any direction would be conclusive proof

that the owners of the good farms and

good buildings show a degree of enter-

prise not excelled in the state. \Vhile the

roads, as a whole, are not in keeping

with other things there are many miles

of fairly good roads in the county. These

roads have been built to the outlying vil—

lages that have become the farmers’ mar-

ket towns to the neglect of those leading

to the county seat. then it is st-t forth

to the outlying townships that the city

pays 50 per cent of the tax and the in—

corporated villages six per cent. leaving

but 38 per cent to be. paid by the town-

ships, the appropriation would readily be

approved. Yet when the farmer taxpay-

cr is confronted with the fact that it

will require $25,000 annually to pay the

interest at fiVe per cent and the expense

of the department $10,000 more, making

$35,000, which will never reach the roadbed,

the farmer is asking himself, “how shall

I vote?” The outcome will be watched

with great interest as Genesee has al-

ready adopted the county road system,

the good roads will surely come, whether

built by borrowing money or by means of

appropriations made by the board of

supervisors.





Genesee Co. S. C. GOODYEAR:





An improvement in the roads can be

made at small cost by the use of the

split- log drag when they are settling in

the spring.





Every farmer. needs at least one good

. Mower. In these days of high priced

M aklng hay and increased demand for high grade

hay the business farmer appreciates

Mowers more than ever the advantages of a large,



powerful, fast, dependable mower. An

inferior mower is dear at any price. Hay is now more

than ever a big money making crop.





The Johnston Line of Mowers appeal to more farmers than any

other make. The high foot lift, making them possible to clear

stumps and stones; the gag gear, permitting the cutter-bar to hug

the ground; its long, wooden pitman with heavy malleable connec-

tions and babbitted cast iron box, guaranteeing long wear and

smooth action; the easily controlled high grade steel cutter-bare, the

easily removed pinions, are some of the features that make a money-

making mower—a Johnston Mower—the mower you should have





In~almost every civilized country you will find Johnston Mowers at

work; they are suited to all countries, all soils and all crop con-

ditions. You need not hesitate to buy a Johnston Mower.





Johnston \

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Money





 





 





 





 

   

 

 





 





 





 





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JOHNSTON HARVESTER C0., Box 105-13, BataviaN.Y.,





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An Indiana Farmer Had

Two Fields of Wheat

On one he used 200 pounds per acre of “Old Abe”

Reliable Wheat Grower. The other was unfertilized.

411 The fertilized field yielded $18 per acre more than



I‘M the unfertilized field. In other words,





311,1

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returned a profit of 800 per cent.





 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   





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Working





 





 





 





 





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of corn. Mc

Sept. 24, 1911:‘





 

   





\ 8 Id! Frbnfifictual Photograph



pa ng e Tillln Machin

§ preparing a12toll)61nchesgdeep. levele. Spalding Department “2'

\ mellow. moisture-retaining seedbed.

§ all in one operation.





§ This places me under no obligation.





a Name.... ____

Post Office





 





 





GALE MFG. CO. Albion, Mich.

Send me your Free Books on Deep Tillage.





R F. D............. ....





WIIIIIJIWIIIIIIIIIW





Almost Miracle!





-—Joseph [-3. Wing





Mr. Wing. the great agricultural expert wrote

this, Dec. 27,1911. after viewing many crops

raised on ground tilled by the Spalding Deep

He describes tilling of

ground that could not otherwise have been

broken. Send for copy of entire letter.





Corn Yield Increased





Fred Bossen. Platte. S. D. writing Nov. 7.

1911. says Spalding tilled ground doubled yield

..Leavens Kaycee. VVyo. wrote

'Oats on Spalding,r tilled ground

will go 100 bu. to acre and wheat 50 bu ” Fred

Ladage. Auburn. 111.. harvested 807 bushels of

wheat from 20 acres of Spalding tilled land.

Write [or free books on deep tillage.





III/IIII/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/I<'





(23)





III/IIIIII-
212 l (4)





WHICH CLASS IS RIGHT?

When different classes of wise men dis-

agree on important problems, it is well to

stop and consider and see if we can con-

clude which class, if either, is right. There

seems to be at present in this country

two classes of economists, both of which

claim they reach their conclusions in a

logical manner, and yet the lines of their

arguments are diverging, and the ultimate

conclusions {1 long way apart. The state—

mcr-ts and conclusions brought forward

by one class tends to engender envy to-

ward the producers of food stuff in our

(ountry, while the other class makes an

appeal for a just remuneration for the

toil bestowed by the husbandman.





 





Each of these classes we will give a.

number. One we will designate class

number one, and the other class number

two. \Ve will say that class number one

studies statistics and- draws the conclu-

sion that at the rate of increase of popu-

lation, and the rapid rate of increase of

food consumption, the consumption will

soon overtake the production of food stuff

in this country, and that arrangements

should be made by which the products of

the soil of other lands, especially wheat,





can be secured at an advantage. Because

the percentage of the wheat crop ex-

ported in .1910 was only about 12 per





cent of the whole crop and the percent—

age of the crop of 1908 was 23 per cent,

or one-fourth of the whole crop, they

seem to see causes for alarm.



Class number two declares that there

is no necessity for preparing to cross a

bridge until we come to it, and that it is

unwise to prepare to build a bridge unti‘.

necessity calls for it. The figures pre—

sented are not disputed, but the fact

must be kept in mind that the, amount 01"

wlnat exported depends largely on the.

conditions throughout the civilized world.

in 1906 when the. crop of wheat in the

l'nitcd States was as large in proportion

to our population as at present. only

Vi pm cent of the crop was exported. The

difference is not suilicicnt to cause alarm.



Class number one seem to see the way

out of the difficulty which their vision

has unveiled to them. by making it easier

to secure supplies from new and unde-

veloped fields outside of Ullr own country:

it is the way our forefathers did, and

why should we not profit by their exam—

ple‘.’ “hen the supply was not sufficient

to meet the home demands, they sent

away and secured it where they could get

it at the least cost and best immediate

:ulvai‘itagc to themselves.



(“lass number two takes pride in in-

creasing the production of wheat. in our

own country. 'l‘hey contend that it is

wiser and ill-llC‘i’ to increase the nunmber

of acres producing wheat by clearing and

utilizing much land that is still untouched

in our own country. And further, it will

be vastly liclici‘ to be more thorough in

tilling the acrcs now under cultivation

and secure an increase in the yield, there-

by meeting the. requirements for consump-

tion from our own iiclds, and retain the

money required to pay for the same in

our own country. The possibilities of

production from our own soil have not

been nearly approached. lly studying the

requirements of the wheat crop, the total

annual yield, and the yield per acre, can

be greatly increased. as has been the

case with our corn crop.



It will be wise if we study this matter

and consider who is right in their con-

tentions. if we look at the matter from

the standpoint of class number two, we

will see the necessity of making greater

effort to return to the soil the plant

foods taken away when the wheat crop

is sold. The one that is likely to be ex-

hausted first is phosphoric acid. This plant

food can be secured from the bones of

animals and phosphate rock. it may be

well to ask the government to withdraw

the phosphate beds from sale to foreign-

ers, and prohibit the, exportation of phos—

phate rock and phosphoric acid. Canada

seems to have been more considerate of

her future needs than the i‘nited States,

for the gOVcrument holds the phosphate

beds of that country, and they are not for

sale to people of other countries. That

seems to be a wise course. When it is

too late the people of this country may

awaken to the fact that this government

has been unwse in letting the people of

foreign countries take away our raw

phosphate rock. We get rid of the phos—

phoric acid fast enough when we sell

wheat and our animals from our farms.



It seems as though we should cultivate

a more patriotic sentiment in regard to

maintaining our soil fertility and increas-

ing the yield of our staple crops than

exists at the present time. It would be





,well if





 





in every community farmers

would organize to study soils and soil re-‘

quirements in- order to produce better

crops. A few leaders are required in each

community to start such organizations

and keep them at work on these import-

ant matters. Such a scheme would ben-

efit the individuals engaged in it, and if

universally adapted would be a blessing

to the whole nation.



Wayne Co.





N. A. CLAPP.





 





GRASS INVESTIGATIONS.





 





The Bureau of Plant Industry of the

Department of Agriculture has been mak-

ing experiments at Blacksburg, Va., in

(Vi-operation with the Virginia Experi-

ment Station in the grazing of pastures.

These experiments have shown definitely

that continued light grazing is a detri-

ment to pasture grasses, and under such

conditions noxious weeds are very likely

to encroach rapidly. It has been found

that in many cases grazing which is too

light is as harmful as heavy grazing. EX—

periments similar to those at Blacksburg

are also being conducted in Maine, Mas-

sachusetts and New York. "



‘ln the course of the tests it has been





found that Sudan grass is valuable both

as an annual and as a perennial. It





closely resembles Johnson grass. but does

not possess underground rootstocks and

therefore is not difficult to eradicate “'ith

sufficient moisture it will give two or

three different cuttings in one season.

iVashington, D. C. G. E. M.





ORCHARD GRASS.





 





I have a piece of orchard grass sown

three years ago which is not thick. if

you can tell me of anything, grass or

clover, that would grow so as to increase

the pasture if ’sown on the ground next

month. plea.Se inform me.



St. Joseph Co. S. F. C.





Of course. the nature of orchard grass

is to grow in bunches it will not cover

the entire surface of the ground like tim-

othy or June grass. Consequently, or—

chard grass should never be sown alone

but with a mixture of other grasses. so

that they will fill in between the bunches

of orchard grass. For one of the grasses

in a mixed pasture or permanent meadow,

1 know of nothing any better, or one that

will produce a heavier yield of short hay,

than orchard grass, but it will not cover

the entire surface of the ground and

make a heavy sod. Now you should have

sown a little timothy. red clover, alsike

clover, and meadow fcscue with the or-

chard grass, and at the same time. Then

these other grasses would have filled in

between the bunches or stools of orchard

grass and given you a sod. If you un-

dertake now to sow this grass seed on

this meadow T am afraid that the orchard

grass will come up so quickly in the

spring and shade the land so much that

these seeds will not germinate and grow

to any great extent. They wouldn’t have

much of a show. You might try a portion

of the field but I wouldn't expect very

good results.



COLON C. LILLIE.





POTASH FOR MUCK SOIL.





 





Have about 15 acres of black muck

truck garden soil that will grow three

tons of timothy hay per acre and large

tops on sugar.beets and chickory. but

does not produce very large bottoms.

Ground was well covered with stable ma-

nure last year. Have been told that it

lacked potash. “'hat would you suggest?

if potash is needed, in what form and

what amount would you apply it? I want

to grow chickory on the ground this year.



Tuscola Co. Ni. D. S.





Very much muck is deficient in potash,

also in phosphoric acid. Some muck is

especially deficient in potash. The fact

that this field grows crops with large,

thrifty tops, indicates that there is a.

suflicient amount of available nitrogen. I

think it would be better to use fertilizer

containing both phosphoric acid and pot-

ash than it would to use the potash alone,

still no one can tell without a trial. if

you want to use the potash alone I would

use the muriate of potash and use 300 or

400 lbs, per acre, distributed broadcast

and thoroughly harrowed into the soil.

My opinion is, however, that you will get

better results if you will use a fertilizer

containing 10 per cent of phosphoric acid

and eight per cent potash and use 400 or

500 lbs. of this per acre. You could tell

readily enough if you tried that on a part

of the land and potash on another. But

the probability is that you will have trou-

ble in growing chickory or beets with a

high per cent of sugar for a few years at

least, as your soil contains an abundance

of nitrogen.



COLON C. LILLII. i





ms MICHIGAN memes:





 





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Hoe.

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Planet};- Twolve-toolh Harrow. Cultivator. and Pul-

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I ’s fuilof valuable information on all crp grow' . 4

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45 s LAllen & Co-





Box “07M

., Philadelphia I"
FEB. 24, 1912:

,LILLIE FARMTEAD NOTES.





 





Beet Top Ensilage.





I think beet tops are a good cow feed

well worth saving and feeding, and I have

been experimenting to find out the best

way to preserve them and feed them.

Like corn, they are good when the beets

are first topped, the cows like them, and

you can get them in no better shape, but

the trouble of it is they won‘t stay in

this shape. If the weather is bad it is a

job to go into the field after them every

day to feed the cows, and they will freeae

and finally rot. So we have to figure in

some way to preserve them, just as we

do the corn silage. '



I ran the beet tops through an en-

silage cutter into my silo on top of the

corn silage after we tread it down in the





_fall. They kept nicely. They did not





waste at all. The cows ate them all

clean, and they liked them, too. This

was the old—fashioned elevator carrier.

It was hard on the machine. Then I

built a silo on purpose to preserve beet

tops in. I built it close to thi- drive

bridge into the barn so that we could

drive up onto this bridge and pitch the

beet tops in. The silo is 18 feet high,

and standing in the wagon on the bridge

we can pitch clear to the top of it. The

great trouble was, I didn’t get this silo

big enough. It wouldn’t hold all of me

beet tops and consequently I had to ex—

tend it on up hight'r and make it 36 feet

high, and then we couldn't pitch them

up. Last year I rigged up an old carrier

that could run with a gasoline engine and

we elevated the beet tops with this. It

was rather slow work bttt we got them

all up there. Then I got a carload of

fresh beet pulp from the beet factory and

ran that up on top. This sealed up the

silo so that there was absolutely no

waste. on top. The boot tops all settled

down, heat up, and made good ensilage.

\Vhen we filled in the beet tops “'0 put in

a layer of oat straw and then a layer of

beet tops, another layer of oat straw, and

so on. The beet tops are very moist and

the straw helps absorb some of the

moisture. The cattle. ate the oat straw

almost as readily as they (lid the beet





_ tops, after it was saturated with the juice





from the tops.





Beet Tops with Cornstalks for Ensilage.

This year I tried another experiment.





' The corn was so wet that I did not husk





it with a shredder and so I husked it by

hand. We were very late with husking

and very late with the boots and so I got

a man to see if he couldn’t cut the beet

tops and the cornstalks together and run

them into the silo. He did it, and we

have the regular beet top silo brim full

of cornstalks and beet tops all choppml

up together, and we have SGVL‘I‘al feet nf

beet tops and cornstalks in one of the

regular corn silage silos. ".‘e are feeding

this ensilage at the present time. The

cows eat it all up, and like it, stalks,

beet tops, and all. Now I believe this

was a good way to take care of the corn—

stalks. I don’t imagine that~these corn

stalks are as valuable as they would be

if they had been cut up when they were

just at the proper stage, of ripening as

we do the ensilage corn. Some of the

starch and sugar has turned to woody

tiber and become indigestible. if the cows

(l0 eat them. \\'hi1e they are a tiller, they

are not very valuable as a food, and yet

they don’t waste any part of them. The.

cows relish the whole mess and are do—

ing fairly well on them. l. don't see but

what they are doing just as well as they

would on corn silage.



Now, if it wasn’t for husking corn by

hand I would say that this was just the

way to dispose of the. cornstalks, which

1 have on the corn where 1 want to save

the ear corn. It" I could only have. a

husker with a blower attachment that

would blow the cornstalks and beet pulp

into the silo I would husk the corn with

a husker and run the beet tops inth the

silo at the same time. This, I believe,

would reduce the harvesting and disposi-

tion of the corn crop and woi'lld save this

feed at a minimum cost and a least pos—

sible loss. The cornstalks being dry

would absorb some of the juice from the

beet tops and would make a valuable

cow feed, which would be cheap. But I

don’t like the idea of husking corn by

hand. And, whether I do this again or

not will all depend upon the fall. If the

corn gets dry enough so that we can

h'usk and shred it I think I shall do it

that way, just because it is almost im-

possible to get it husked by hand. One

has to vary his plans to suit the seasons

and conditions with which he is con-

fronted.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





' (6) 213





Get more potatoes

off our land





ICHIGAN AND INDIANA FARMERS average less than 100



bushels potatoes per acre. The reason is plain; only about



15% of them have been using fertilizers. Maine farmers, who use

as a rule 1200 to 1500 pounds high grade fertilizers per acre





Average 228 Bush. Per Acre





In Germany farmers on the average spend $20 per acre for fer-

tilizers which they use on potatoes and sugar beets.





The land must be made rich if you want to raise a big crop. It will

pay you. There is nothing so expensive to the farmer as a poor crop.





The A A C Company Fertilizers





contain the right kind of plant food and plenty of it. We have spent fifty years

and a great deal of money finding out how to do this, and you get the benefit

of our knowledge free with every purchase of our Fertilizer. \Vc stand for

everything we claim for our Fertilizers. Our guarantee means that our Fertilizers

are the best that skill, experience, capital and conscientious effort can produce.





we want every farmer to write us. \Vc will send free to everyone who

answers this advertisement :1 SZ-pagc book on Fertilizers and a pamphlet by

lohn A. \Vidtsoe, Ph. 1)., “\Vhy the Richness of Soil makes up for Lack of





Moisture and How to Fight Drought with Fertility.”





We want Agents for unoccupied territory.





THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY

Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Michigan





Largest Manufacturers of high grade fertilizers in the world.





 





 





 





 





 





When properly pulverized and evenly distributed over the

VALUE 0! MANURE ground, manure is the best; and most; economical fertilizer

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ordinarily more than pay for the spreader each year it is used. Besides much labor is saved.





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Spreading is generally done when ground is the Success reducethe draft at least one horse

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Success Spreaders are built to withstand running mime and retaining oil.

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Cold rolled steel axles are large in diameter.





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JOHN DEERE PLOW COMPANY, MOLINE. ILLINOIS





 





 





 





   





   





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Applet Wood Saws

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, Eat. 80 Fargo Street

. 1872 Batavil. “I.
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'rAxf mscussnous.





 





' In the December 30 issue of the Mich-

igan Farmer, I contributed a brief article

on phases of the new mortgage tax law,

which has been pcrtinently criticised by

C. A. Jewell, in the February 10 issue of

your .valuable paper. \\'hile I do not wish

to be personal or enter into any lengthy

argument in regard to this law. I am not

desirous of being misunderstood in regard

to the position I have taken.



I do not deny the fact, that under the

old law we had, in a measure, double

taxation, the nearest satisfactory solution

of the mortgage tax. to my, mind, was

the law enacted, in session 1890. under the

provisions of which, mortgagt-d property

was exempted t'rom taxation the full

amount: of the incumbramc thereon. each

party paying their respective share of the,

tax. This law, evidently, did not please

the, money loancrs ol’ the state, so what

did they do but get busy right away, and

when the next legislature convened they

“PIX; primed and loaded and brought

such pressure to bear upon that august

body that the law was rcpcalcd at that

session. Mortgages having always been

and. I might say, justly considered, tax-

able property, were kcg-t on the tax rolls,

while the mortgaged real estate holder

was. and has been. compelled to pay

taxes on property he does not own. Hence

resulted what Mr. .lcwell pleases to call

double taxation—the mortgaged farmer

to the amount of his int-tnnln‘ance always

being the “double.”



I am accused in this article of being

seltish, in that I wish to lllllmls't‘ upon my

neighbors double taxation, that my own

taxes may thereby be lessened. This, of

courso. is absurd and unworthy of no—

ticc, as my own vaiuations wcrc raised

last year through my personal effort. i

think all candid and hottest thinking peo-

ple will agree with me in the statement

that there. would be more justice in so—

callczl double taxation than in compelling

the mortgaged farther to pay more than

his just share of the tax and then prac-

tical}: exempt anotlicr class of property.

It would he just as consistent for our

state tax commissioners to instruct the

assessors of this statc to assess all cows

at cash value and exempt all horses.



This is class legislation pure and sim-

ple. XVhy should our lawmakers place a

premium on mortgages? For instance,

A, holds a $1,000 mortgage against B. A.

also holds C.'s notc Jol‘ $l.000'—V{ltll the

prcscnt law, the note is assessable in full,





the mortgage practically exempt after

paying the small registration fee. A





woman recently came into the oilice of

the c'iunty treasurcr in lllc city of Jack-

son with a long list of mortgages, no

doubt many of them long timers. for the





purpose of having lllL‘lll registered. After

having C‘Xl)lillilt‘tl to Mr the small amount

of the fee shc _ix:,\l'ully exclaimed, “this is





too good to b: truc." _\ taxpayer resid-

ing in my own township, a keen, brainy,

shrtwd man, whose propcrly

principally in gilt edged mort-

gagtls, t'ttitlt,‘ to me a short time ago and,

wxplaining his opinion of the in-





business





cons‘sts





:ti‘lel





justfto ot‘ the present mortgage tax ex-

(‘l|l]|t:'.ll law, said he did not think he





is an un-l

lair deal to thc land ownt-rs of Alichigan

and l am willing,r 10 pay my share of the

tax.“



\\'hat has this ncw law done. for us al-

rcadyvstltis, thc lirst ycar when the reg-

istration fees will, undoubtedly, double

any succeeding ycar‘.‘ The county treas—

urers throughout the state have collected

somcthing like $163,000 as :1 revcnue from

these mortgages. (hi the other hand.

what would the amount have bccn from

these same mortgages under the former

systcni of taxation ‘.’ A trittc (\Vcr $700000.

\\'hcrc, then, shall we look for that $535,-

000" “()h, well." quotcs the .leWcll from

\Vashtenaw county, “no double taxation

for me. saddle it onto the mortgaged land

owncrs of Michigan, they can hump their

backs a few lltilt'lltH more and make up

the deficiency somchow.”



At the recent mceting of the state as-

sociation of supervisors held in Lansing,

Auditor General Fuller. who is awake to

the taxation situation, in an address

said: “The people of Michigan are not

satisfied with the operation of the pres-

ent mortgage tax law.” It is an easy

matter for us to settle down and try to

console ourselves with the idea that it

will work out all right, but one thing is

very evident—tho side with the “pull"

always carries away tin;- “plum.” “'hen

I hear or read of a man who upholds this

new law, the thought naturally, unsought

for, comes to me—that individual has an

axe of his own to grind, perhaps, in' the

form of a. long time mortgage and he is





would. take advantage of it, “it





willing to place upon his neighbor, and

which reminds me of'that parable where

a man who once went down from Jeru-

salem to Jericho and fell among thieves

and was ill treated, by chance, there

came down a certain priest that way.

also a certain Levite, and when they had

looked upon this poor man, half dead from

abuse, they folded their cloaks closer

about them and passed by on the other

side. \Vl-iat Michigan needs today is not

so many priests and Levites, but a few

more good Samaritans.



0! consistency thou art a ”JeWell."



Jackson Co. C. J. REED.





THE CREDIT SYSTEM.



'We hear and read much these days

about the high cost of living. No doubt

the principal causes are the great cost of

distribution and the greater increase in

consumers than producers. But, there is

at least one more cause, and that is the

credit system. Lct me illustrate: I have

in mind the proprietors of two meat mar-

kets located in a small village. They are

not- doing a Very extensive business, and

yet, they claim that the one has $8,000 on

his books, and the other $5.000. Now,

quite a large amount of these outstand-

ing accounts can never be collected. Who

makes up for these losses in the end“?

Evidently those of us who are strictly

honest and pay as we go, or as nearly as

possible. Is it any wonder that there is

too much difference between the selling

and the buying prices? Tiese conditions

(xist to a greater or smaller degree, with

all dealers who do a credit business. This

system encourages dishonesty in those

who are already dishonest. Others it

makes dishonest against their own wills,

for whcn circumstances tend toward att-

vcrsity they cannot meet their financial

obligations, because they have not the

wherewith to pay.



The object of this article is not to up-

braid anyone. On the contrary, it is in-

tended to stimulate certain ones to make

little sacrifices, to economize somewhat,

to lay by something every week. Have

a nice little bank account. Pay as you

go, if possible. Surely this “from hand

to mouth” way of living, or what is far

worse, to mouth regardless of whether

the price for those things ever reach any

one’s hand, is a shiftless, dangerous way

of doing business.



“In times of prosperity, prepare for ad-

versity.”



Dealers could do much by joining hands

to encourage the adoption of a cash sys-

tem if they would give a liberal discount

for cash. \Vhen we buy on credit, we

ought to be willing to pay a little more.

The terms of Sales usually are. discount

for cash, interest on crcdit accounts.

Then, too, if dcalers would trust no one

unit ss they Wcre quite sure of their pay

faitllit‘l‘ or later, they would reduce their

losses materially; and in consequence be

alllc to rrake lower prices on their com—

modities.



Another shameful waste of money, to

those who make purchases in this way, is

buying on the installment plan. They

pay very dearly for that privilege. It

would ltc much better, and a saving, tOO,

for them to lay aside what they could

from time to time until they have saved

enough to buy a certain article, and then

pay the, cash. This would often prevent

trouble.



The cash system is the system. It is

good enough for the post office, depart-

ment, the railway companies, the express

companies and most of the mail order

houses; then why not good enough to us?



New York. \\'. D. KORB.





VARIETIES OF CANADA PEAS.





serious





 





I notice you recommend the use of peas

and oats as hay. As there are several

kinds of pcas, may I ask you to kindly

give me your opinion of the best one to

sow with oats?



hiuskcgon Co. J. A.



Of course, there must be different van

rietics of Canada field peas, but I do not

know of any, and all of the dealers that

I ever purchased seed of knew no dis—

tinction. They are simply called common

Canada field peas. and they all look

alike, at least all that I ever purchased.

As I say, if there are different-varieties

I know nothing about them. I simply

order common Canada field peas. If there

are different varieties, and there must

be, and one is better than another. I cer-

tainly would like to know it because I

would like to get the best.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





Gluten feed as applied to distillers'

grains is a. misnomer.





THE 'MlCHl-GAN FAléMER‘.





perfectly oblivious to the burden he Is





150





veloped.

opportunity.





New Mexico and Texas,

good prices.





I believe that it would.





folks.





 





 





You and your family will be richer, healthier and happier.

You will have friends, an assured income, a bank account

and a chance to make a place in the world for the young





 





. > ‘





 





successful farmers now

bear, testimony to the

unexcelled soil,





supply, health, educational and

social advantages offered by the





i Pecos Valley





New Mexico=Texas.





There is room for other thousands on

the land where water has been de—

Take advantage of this





climate, water





Go down at once and buy before the normal increase in

population sends the price of land up.





Get this profit for yourself.





The soil and climate are all that can be desired, water for

irrigation is assured and abundant, the home market, 5. e...





takes all the crops produced at





The schools are unexeelled anywhere, while

clubs, churches, etc., are there for your enjoyment.





\Vouldn’t such a prospect please you?





Let me send you our new book-folder.





C. L. Seam-ayes. Gen. Colonization Agent,

2293 Railway Exchange, Chicago.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





logue,





want. any moneyi

trial.





month, if you please.





on my





and cleaner.





 

 

 

 

 

 





Manson Campbell,

Father of the (‘lmth-

am‘Syntem of Breed~

in; Big Crop: and

Inventor of. the

Chathnm Mill.





 

 

   

 





clover; sorts corn for drop planter.

sickly grains.





Clean.

Your Seed Grain Free“!





You just pick out, from my cata-

whichever size of Chatham

Grain Grader,Cleaner andSeparator you

want me to loan you and I’ll promptly

ship it, freight Di epaId-free. i don’t

it’s a real free

Clean and grade all your

seed grain. Keep the machine n



Then return

machine at; my expense or buy it.





Low-Price Credit Offer





My price is positively the lowest

ever made on a reliable grain grader

Plenty of time to pay.

Don’t pay cash unless you want to.





Wonderful Machine





The Chatham handles over 70 seed

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flu, clover, timothy,etc.'1‘akes cockle,

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Removes foul weed seed and all shrunken. cracked or

Takes out. all dust. dirt and chaff.

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and Grade





 

 





Chatham

Grain Grader,





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barley,





Handles up to 80 bushels per hour. Gas

Over 250,000 in use in U. S. and Canada.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Read These Letters

By Mark Havenhlll. Fox, Ill.



”With my Chatham Mill I

found, saved and sold $197.08

worth of timothy seed thrown

in my outs by the threshing

machine. What do you think

of that; clean-up of good money‘l’

By H .O.Gllzore, Swnyzeednd.



“Separated 162 bushels of

wheat; from 294 bushels of oats.

Am not. half done yet. Have al-

ready made enough to pay for

the mill and am $38.16 to the

200d. besides."





 

 





A Wonderful

Seed Com Grader





Hundreds of farmers are

buying the “Chathum” for its

corn grading feature alone.

At State agricultural colleges

it has broken all records In

sorting corn for drop planters.

98 hills out of every 100 re-

ceived right number of



here grains were so

other means, onl

00 hills_were rig t.





Write Me Today





Get my famous Ilow-price-buy.

on-dme proposition and my big book,

”The Chatham System of Breed-

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Then, say which Chutbnm Mill_and



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you. I pledge my word they your

only expense attached to th_|8 loan

is the 2c atam which comes me

your letter. aw in the time to clean

and grade seed grain, so write me





today.

Manson Campbell Go.

Detroit. Kansas city. Minneapolis





rains.

ed by

60 out of





 





 





 





 





5g gale —llebuill Machinery





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: 1811!. Huber: 18 11. Pt. Huron' 17 H. Frkic

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Many tar-mars use it also for

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You need one. Write now for .





Big Folder FREE





 

 





 





FEB. 24. 1918. ,





)





 





 





 





 





 





. "—1.
\1_V_





 





Hm.—





 





FEB.” 24,‘ '1912. "





/





. ' 4



LIE ST CK ‘



' 4



. 4



LM“WWM

FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Silage fOr Beef Cattle.



More cattle feeders are this year ap-

preciating the fact that the silo would be

a profitable adjunct to their business

than ever before. In a year of short for-

age. like the present, the additional sav-

ing in feeding the corn crop from. the silo

is a more important factor in successful

cattle feeding than in an ordinary year.

Those who read the report of the recent

live stock meeting, as published in these

columns, will remember that Prof. Skin-

ner, of Purdue University, showed that

cattle could be fed more profitably when

silage formed a large factor in their ra-

tion than with any other combination of

feeds. and that where the profit was all

credited to the silage it was found to

:ave a value of something like $6.20 per

ten for cattle feeding.



Those who are feeding silage to cattle

this winter for the first time, however,

especially to beef cattle, are finding some

difficulty with frozen silage, due to the

severe cold weather which has prevailed

for the last two months. This matter

came up at the live stock meeting, and

the question was asked of Prof. Skinner

whether silage could be safely fed to beef

cattle in an open yard during the severe

cold weather, such as has recently pre-

vailed. He replied that their cattle at

the Indiana station were eating silage

from racks in the .yard right along, not-

withstanding the severe cold weather, and

without any deleterious effects whatever.



He warned his hearers, however, that

frozen silage must not be fed, as it in—

variably produces scours in the cattle.

with the result of getting them off feed

and the probability of making the feeding

venture unprofitable if the practice of

feeding frozen silage was persisted in.

Prof. J. L. 'l‘ormcy, of the \Visconsio

Station. has recently issued a warning on

this same subject. There has evidently

been more general trouble resulting from

the feeding of frozen silage than ever be-

fore, caused by the unusually cold weath—

er which has frozen more or less en-

Silagc ill practically every silo.



Sheep fall victims to the feeding of

frozen silage even more often than cat-

tle, but no bad results follow the feeding

of this ensilage if it has been thawed out,

to either sheep or cattle. The last au-

thority mentioned, however, calls atten—

tion to the fact that it must be remem-

bered that after thawing, the silage will

mold readily, and so should be fed im-

mediately. A good way to thaw the.

frozen silage is to cover it with the en-

sil'age. that is not frozen, and if need be

with a canvas or blanket in order that it

may be more quickly thawed. \Vhatever

method is taken of overcoming this diffi—

culty, however, it should always be re-

membered that it is not a safe practice

to feed the silage ill a frozen condition,

whether fed in the open or in the stable,

and also that it should be fed before it

is molded after it has been thawed out

or deleterious results will follow its use.



These precautions will prevent many a

man who is feeding ensilagc for the first

time from condemning this feed, and with

the coming of warmer weather it is im—

portant that the matter of getting the

frozen silage thawed out and fed out be—

fore it spoils should be given attention.



Feeding Frozen Carrots.





\Vill you kindly inform me through

your paper as to whether frozen carrots,

after being proprrly thawed out, lnay be





,fed to horses and cows'.’





Renzic Co. R. M.



This is a question which has attracted

a good deal of general interest this win-

ter. on account. of the unusually cold

weather following a late fall and a con-

sequently large amount of frozen roots.

A variety of experiences have been re—

iortcd regarding the feeding of frozen

beets in the early winter issues of the

Michigan Farmer. Some of these experi—

ences have been unfavorable and others

have noted no deleterious results from

such feeding. \Vhether this was due to

a difference in the amounts fed or the

manner of feeding, or to a difference in

the chemical changes which had taken

place in the roots themselves as a result

of freezing and thawing is, of course,

difficult to determine. There are, some

reasons, however, for believing that the

trouble was due to some extent, at least.

to the method of feeding, as will appear

from the following facts:



Last season a good deal of trouble was

reported from the feeding of frozen beets

in “Wisconsin. In one case reported hogs

that had been fed frozen beets that had





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





been cooked, died soon after from paraly-.





sis of heart action. An investigation was

made by Dr, Hadley, of the Wisconsin

Station, and a general warning was is-

sued against the feeding of beets that

had been frozen, on the ground that the

chemical changes brought about in the

beets from freezing and thawing devel-

oped properties which were deleterious to

live stock and in some cases actively poi-

souous to them. In a past issue of the

Michigan Farmer one Michigan farmer who

had had unfavorable experience in feed-

ing cooked beets that had been frozen, to

hogs, told about: investigating on his own

account to try and find the reason, with

the result that he found the water ill

which they had been cooked, and which

had been used for successive batches, to

have become fermented, with the result

that he was feeding a strong beet Vinc-

gar to his hogs. Ile changed his meth-

ods and had no further trouble after he

began using fresh water in which to cool;

each batch of beets. Others have report»

ed that they haVc had no deleterious re-

sults whatever from feeding a moderate

quantity of roots which had been frozen

but which had not spoiled at all after

thawing out.



From these experiences, and from the

writer’s experience in feeding roots that

had been touched with frost, it is his

opinion that such roots can be, fed in

moderate quantities without deleterious

effects. However, in the light of the un-

favorable experiences recounted, and the

scientific authority as to the danger in

feeding such roots, one cannot ignore the

fact that there is sometimes danger in





, I": 5..





 





ceived dressed beef from . the United

States and Argentina and, in former

years, as follows in cwts.:



United States. Argentina.

1911 . . . . . . ........ 174,350 6,176,503

1910 ..... 477,147 5,041,130

1909 . . . . . .. ....... 856,216 ’ 4,336,079

1908 ..............1,432,142 3,756,965

1907 ..............2,417,604 2,756,965

1.906 . . . . . .. ....... 2,426,644 2,811,493.

1905 .............. 2,232,206 2,580,152





GROWING HEALTHY LAMBS.





 





The flock owner who maintains sheep

for profit and pleasure is always anxious

to lIaVC his lambs dropped strong and

healthy and suckle well throughout the

nursing period. Lambs dropped with

plenty of vitality invariably grow rapidly,

while those that come weak and puny

give immeasurable trouble and are ulti-

lnatcly unprofitable. Lambs to make

rapid gains both in flesh and bone must

come into the world equipped with the

essential facilities for economic utiliza-

tion of nutritious food. Lambs possessed

of low vitality, weak inactive digestive

organs and an insufficient supply of blood

are improperly qualified for the struggle

of profitable mutton production.



Growing healthy lambs depends upon

innumerable details concerned in the

management of breeding cwes that de—

mand careful thought and attention, es-

pecially during the pregnant period. The

time to begin feeding to grow healthy

lambs is long before they are dropped.

Seldom, indeed, does a lamb of low vital-

ity at birth mature into a strong, robust

sheep. The purpose for which the ewes





 





"Prince de la Happe,” Belgian Stallion Imported by H. &. H.

Wolf, of lndiana; a Prize Winner at the Indiana State Fair

in 1911 and at the InternatiOnal in 1910.





 





feeding frozen roots, and that where they





are fed one should at least proceed with

caution. Something would doubtless de-

pend upon how hard they are frozen and

wllcthel there had been any continued

freezing and thawing. Also, of course.

they should never be fed in a frozen con-

dition, nor be allowed to remain long

after thawing before being fed, if they

are fed at all.





OUR MEAT TRADE WITH ENGLAND.



Vistors from this country to England

who have investigated the meat markets

have. found that all shipments of Ameri-

can heef are sold as home—grown beef.

the. product of English or Scotch farms.

Our exports of live cattle to the l'nited

Kingdom are a small affair compared with

what they used to be in past years, when

prices were much lower, such shipments

in 1911 aggregating 155,816 head, colli—

parcd with 138,387 in 1910, 203,449 in 1005)

and 414,906 ill 1905. Canada exported to

the same country last year, 42,239 cattle,

compared with 78.601 a year earlier and

160,680 in 1906. There has also been a

great falling off ill our sheep exports to

the I’niled Kingdom, these amounting

last year to 42,807» head, compared with

150.0% in 1905, while Canada sent over

only 4,868 head, compared with 28,240 in

1907». All these years Argentine has been

making enormous gains in its shipments

of meats to England and Scotland, and it

now furnishes the I‘nited Kingdom with

nearly 84 per cent of the beef imported.

During the last year British imports of

dressed beef from the United States

showed a falling off of 64 per cent, while

Argentina increased its shipments 23 per

cent of the frozen article and five per

cent of chilled beef. Australia and New

Zealand furnish considerable quantities

of beef and liberal amounts of mutton,

British imports of mutton last: year

showing more than 61 per cent from Aus-

tralia and nearly 34 per cent from Argen-

tina. Last year' the United Kingdom re-





are kept should be first determined and

then fed and cared for to attain that

end. I'rcgnant ewes should not in any

manner be. handled like. fattening sheep.



On the contrary they should be handled

enlircly different. They should be well

fed, but never ovcl‘f‘cd. liightly fat form-

ing feeds should not be included in the

daily ration. Pregnant ewes, in order to

grow healthy inborn lambs, require a

strong nourishing ration possessed of

blood making, flesh forming and tissue

building ingredients.



l'regnant cwcs should not be allowwl

to become reduced in flesh during tln

time they are nourishing their inborn

young. Better by far have them a little

thick in flesh than too thin. At this

lime. tho ewes haVe work to accomplish

and how well it is done will largely de—

pend upon their surplus vitality. Ewes

low in physical strength cannot transmit

to their l'lrogeny their strong and most

desirable characteristics. Some flock own-

(rs consider it good evidence of prepo-

tcncy if the eyes gradually grow thin in

flcsll condition as lambing approaches,

but I have never been fully convinced of

this fact and much prefer to have my

ewes in good flesh right up to lambing

time.



A common mistake made by many flock

owners is endeavoring to grow healthy

lambs by feeding the ewes on a ration

almost exclusively composed of roughage.

larched, unnutritious roughage. such as

timothy hay, corn stover and wheat

straw are unsuitable for pregnant ewes

not only deficient in essential ingredients

but produce congestion of the digestive

system and general disorder. “'hile such

loughage is useful when properly (‘om-

pounded into the ration it is extremely

dangerous and injurious when fed alone

In excessive amounts. When Such coarse

feeds as above must be fed they should

be supplied in conjunction with some

succulent food such as ensilage, roots or

while the» ewes have access to pasture.



It is not only desirable, but absolutely





l.





 





 





 





m V 215‘.





THE BEST llNIMEN'I'.





(III "III KILLER run THE HUMAN BODY

Gombault’s





caustic Balsam





IT HAS NO EQUAL





   





 





   

   

   

   





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





 





   

   





 





 





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For ing,s;:t‘lfi:; 3m Perfectly Sale

healings, and is: all Old and

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used on any case that Rheumatism

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a ic a tin n wi . .

ngflgctlsaffly, a" Sh" JOInts





 





 





   





REMOVES IIIE SORENESSnSTRENBTflEflS MUSCLES

Cornhill, Tex.—“One bottle Oauulo Balsam did





my rheumatism more good than $120.00 paid in



doctor'sbills." OTTO A: BL! LR.

Price 31.50 per bottle. Sold by drugglatu, or sent



by I“ expreu repaid. Write for Booklet R.



The LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0-





   

   

 





 

 

 





   





Collars





Under the



face of the



collar is a

heavy pad of w.

curled hair

that is smooth

and will nob

form lumps

The result, no

sore shoulders“ #

Ask your dealer

to show you

.Pcer-Ho Collars

and Harness.





Pierson &





Houah Co..

Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 

 





James Equipment

Boosts Your Profits





Lines up cows so manure drops

in gutter. Keeps cows cleaner,

healthier. Saves half the labor

of cleaning. Increases and fur

proves milk yield.

James Sanllary Barn Equipment

enables you to feed and water

cows ill stall. Helps prevent

tuberculosis. abortion, ruined

adders. etc. Book

No. 10 tells of stalls and stanch-

lons. No 11 of litter and feed

carriers. Send postal now.

State number of cows you own.

JAMES MANIIFACTIYIHXH (‘0.

5431 Cflne Street, Ft. Atkinson, WIS.

(Formerly Kent Mfg. Co.)





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 





 





 





A, , MINERAL

T? (“WINNN H EAVE

_ .4, till REMEDY





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Be‘nd to day

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$I PACKAGE ~ ,1

e’ure‘s ogdlnaryC cases; l,

as pal on re elp .

SAFE price. Agents Wanted. 1’





CERTAIN. . _, 4 Writolor doucrlptivohuokiet. ' it .

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7 If You Use This Collar

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Y? Will positively prevent and

$391 cure sore shoulders. Greatest im-



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your dealer for them. Write today for free Catalog.





Johnston-Slocum 00.. 852 State St, Caro. Mich.

PUB POSE S





HAHN Es Made of Good Stock





Shipped direct from factory at factory prices. We

guarantee to please and save you mone . May we

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ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS (10.. Elkhrt. Ind.





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E. E. VROOMAN, Pat. Atty.. 8341‘”. St" Wash. D. O





 

 

 





 





 





-FOR ALL-





 





 





 





 





c
.216 (3)





 





HEWO STOCK FARM-





Tbo Home of the





 





 





 





 





 





This announcement is for the men

who know a horse, who need a horse,

and who are familiar with values

when they find something suitable.

Have you, Mr. Stallioner. spent dol—

lars uselessly searching for a first-

class Belgian stallion or a No. 1 Bei-

gian mare for a price at which you

could afford to own some? ill-ave you,

Mr. Prospective Purchaser, decided

where you are going to find what you

want? ‘



\\'e want to state here, and to stare

most emphatically, that our twenty—

five years’ buying experience in'Bcl-

.‘Iium, and our selling system (all

stock sold at the farm). places us in

a position to sell a good stallion or

a good mare at prices beyond com-

petition.



We are talking of good horses, not

the mediocre kind, and we are in

position to sell this good kind at lesser

figures than are demanded by some

firms for the ordinary sort. If you are

in the markct for an extra good im—

ported Belgian stallion or mare. come

to Hewo and save all these useless

side. trips, secure a horse that rcprc—

scnts every dollar that is demanded

for same, and be a gainer of several

hundred dollars on account of “the

dit‘l‘crcnce in price.”



We have a number at home brod colts at



extremely reasonable prices. ,

"Remember, Nothing but Beigions.”l





lion‘t wait to write. visit.





' muscular action





 





 





H. & H. WOLF, Wabash, Indiana.





STALLIONS





The Place to Buy





or. w. sow—sis & sons.





Huntington, Indiana.

Write about them.





It Will Save You Money.





—

METZ BROS.





NILES, MICH.





We have a fine lot. of imported and

American bred





Percheron Stallions





on hand and we .can sell them for less

money than any other importer. Write.

us your Wants.

M ETZ BROS, Niles, Mich.

——

Why not buy a





DRAFT STALLION





Splendid Selection of





Porohorons & Belgians





BELL BR08., Wooster, Ohio.





Write for Catalog.





 





 





 





 





 





 





PERGHEBON, BELGIAN, SHIRE, HABKNEY

STALLIONS 8a MARES.





Two to 4 years old. imported and American

bred. Choice colors. lots of bone, weighing or

maturing 1.800 to2.3t)o;‘.bs. Three'importations last

few months. others to follow soon. Prices below

competition, I sell them low and they go last





LEW W. COCHRAN.

Office 1091/2 S. Washington St.. CRAWFORDSVILLE, IND.





—2 Imported Draft Stallions—Black

“if 8312 Percheron, 6 years old, weighs 1339 lbs.

Bay Bel inn, 5 years old, weighs 1R1] lbs. Both nicely

broken or service to drive and ride. Sound and good

health. Good breeders, can show colts from eachhorso.





Making change in business, must sell. Terms to suit

buyers.





WILL CLARK, Ashley, Steuben 00., Ind.

PERCHERONS FOR SALE

Stallions and Ergo? Méiggglaezryitgif 22333;: quality.



mmm‘l m Efraii‘ii‘ur. Elton Rapids. Mich.





Please mention the l'iichizon Former whon

writinc to advertisers.





 





 





the ewes to take plenty of exercise. A

goodly number of flock owners still carry

the‘impresSion that if they feed well they

are reasonably sure of a high per- cent of

strong lambs. This has'many times been

proven a mistake. Exercise, is a'vitai

factor in growing healthy lambs. During

favorable weather, regardless of ‘_tem--





'pci'ature, the ewes should be permitted





to graze on a meadow pasture. The food

they Secure is of minor consideration pro-

viding sufficient nutrition is properly com—

pounded into the ration, but the physical

exertion of roaming the fields stimulate

throughout the entire

body and strengthens the working of both

the digestive and circulatory systems.

Pregnant ewes if allowed to hang around

the sheep shed day after day soon be-

come sluggish and inactive.





As the ewes approach the lambing

time they should be given the best of at—

tention. If in good flesh condition a grain

ration of oats and bran will be found a.

splendid system toner and also start the

milking system to work. Nothing is more

discouraging to a flock owner at lambing

time than to find the ewes without milk

for the newly born young. It is common

even among good fleshed ewes to be de-

ficient in milk flow at lambing, due large-

ly to feeding an improperly balanced ra-

tion previous to parturition. Oats are

especially good feed for pregnant animals

and even at the present high price can be

very profitably fed to breeding ewes.



Shiawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.





SOME FACTORS IN PROFITABLE

PORK PRODUCTION.



'l‘hc hog should be an important factor

in the production of every farm. As a

matter of fact, hogs are found on nearly

r-vei'y farm. but on many farms they are

not a source. of great profit, simply be-

cause thcy are not given sufficient atten-

tion and suitable feed to make profitable

returns. .l'crhaps more farmers are de—

bating with themsclves whether pork

production is prolitable this winter than

in most scasons. since there is a short—

age of grain feeds upon most farms, and

when one. purchases high-priced feed it

is apt to be fed with a sparing hand and

lllr' results are not generally as good as





wcrc available in sufficient quantities.

it's a fact, however. that it does not pal‘

to keep any kind of live stock without. it

can be well ft-d and well cared for in such

a way as to make a maximum growth on

a given amount of feed.



.\ certain portion of the ration fed

must go for the maintenance of the bod-

ily functions, and only the balance over

the amount required for such mainte-

nance will go into the growth or flesh.

(‘oost-qticiitly if an insufficient ration is

tcd. the margin of profit will be corres—

pondingly less, owing to this inevitable

law of nature. Then a good deal of profit:

is lost upon the average farm by the

feeding of an unbalanced ration to hogs,

which necessitates a waste of some ele-

ments of nutrition through a lack of

proper digestion and assimilation of the

whole. Then again, the matter of proper

forage for the hogs is one which is not

given the consideration which it demands,

and in many cases the matter of exercise

is also neglcctcd, both of which are im-

portant factors in the making of a profit

from the. hogs kept upon the farm.



\thrc thc pigs are raised upon the

farm it is essential that some skim—milk

lw available for compounding a suitable

ration for the very best results during

their early growing period. However,

l'i'llt’l‘t‘ skim-milk is not available the

nutrients requiret'l to balance up the ra—

tion can be supplied in other ways in a

very satisfactory manner so that a profit—

able degrcc of growth and development

will be. sccurcd. although the results will

t'ot be quitc as good as though the milk

wrrc available. iut these details, as

well as other details essential to the.

health of the hogs, such as a dry and

clean llt'St in which to sleep, plenty of

charcoal, perhaps some air—slaked lime

and vermifuges are supplied, where the

same are required to counteract the pres-

ence of internal parasites. the hogs kept

upon the average farm may be made a.

source of considerable profit, not alone in

consuming feed which would otherwise

go to waste, but as well in turning good

grain and forage into marketable form

and at the same time retaining the but};

of fertility represented in .these feeds

upon the farm. '



We find, however, many extremes of

opinion with regard to the pin-fit in hog

growing upon the average farm. Some





 





 





keep an overstock of hogs and do not





“.THE MICHIGAN AFARMi-sié. .





vital in growing. healthy lambs to cause





would llc attained if home—grown feeds





   





give them sufficiently good feed andcare

so that a maximum profit is realized.

Generally where such a. condition is found

the other extreme will follow it, as such

a farmer is bound to come to the con-

clusion that hog growing is unprofitable,

after which the entire stock of hogs will

be sold and perhaps none will be kept for

some years. The writer knows farmers

who have not a single hog upon the farm,

and yet who are feeding shocked corn

and other unground grain to their live

stock in sufficient quantities so that sev-

eral hogs could be maintained, at prac-

tically no cost whatever, in the yards

during the winter season, and thus a

protlt be derived from feeds that are now

entirely wasted. As in most other phases

of good garming, a middle-of—the-road

course between these extremes will be

the most profitable for the average

farmer.



It is needless to say that where hogs

are grown upon the farm good breeding

stock is essential for a maximum profit.

There is a vast difference in the ability

of brood sows to produce thrifty pigs

which will make profitable feeders, and

when a good one is obtained she should

be kept upon the farm during her days

of maximum usefulness. \Vhile purc-

breds are far better than scrubs, and

should always be used for foundation

stock, yet cross—bred pigs make excellent

feeders. and in some cases seem to be

even better individuals from the feeding

standpoint than the average of the pure-

brcds. But these cross—bred animals

should not be kcpi for breeding purposes.

as the. next generation will be a nonde-

script lot. sadly lacking in the qualities

which characterized the original cross-

bred stock.



(it-nerally the trouble with the farmer

who does not make a profit from hogs

maintained upon the farm is due to the

fact that the owner has no special love

for even a good hog, and consequently

does not give them the attention and care

which is necessary for success in this, as

in every other line of live stock produc-

tion. However. there is a place for profit-

able pork production upon every farm,

no matter what other specialty may be

followed, and the farmer who has not

bcen inking any profit from this branch

of his business will do well to devote a

little time to self analysis to determine.

the reason why, and remove the causes

of his failure or dissatisfaction, rather

than to abandon the business of pork

production entirely as some farmers peri-

odically do.



Oakland CO. A. R. FARMER.



LIVE STOCK NOTES.



Many cattle feeders are making the

serious mistake of marketing their short-

fed holdings prematurely because of the

high price of feed. Many well-bred steers

are coming on the market that should be

hcld back in the feed lots for 50 to 80

days and made to weigh from 1.450 to

1,300 lbs. Such bceves are growing

scarcer all the time and promise to con-

tinue so for months ahead. In various

quarters farmers arc,.awakening t0 the

fact that the country is short of cattle

and are placing orders with Chicago live

stock commission firms, but so few choice

feeders are bcing offered for sale that

prices have reached a dangerously high

altitude. Sonic prime weighty feeders

havr- been purchased for $6.10. and in-

tending buyers are forced to face lively

competition from killers,



The southwestern portion of the coun-

try reports the smallest supply of cattle

in years, due principally to the influx

of settlers, spaying of heifers and whole-

sale markcting of calves in recent years.

Farmers are beginning to restock their

lands, but they find that desirable young

cattle come high.



The owners of fat lambs, both natives

and fed westerns, haVc been well satis—

tied with the prices obtained recently,

sales having been made at much the

highest figures of the- season. Demand

has been strong in the Chicago and other

markets of the country, east and west,

and in all probability further advances in

prices will take place before the top is

finally reached. More than ever, the

popular demand centers in fat medium-

weight lambs, with extremely heavy

lambs strongly discriminated against by

killers. l'rime little yearling wethers

have- advanced sharply, too, and fat

sheep have joined in the, general up-

ward movement at the same time. but

lambs are always a. long way ahead in

upturns. This change in the market was

predicted months ago, and sheepmen who

had confidence in the future of the. live

mutton industry and hung on and finished

off their holdings in first-class shape are

now reaping their reward. The general

sheep and lamb market has now advanc-

ed much above the prices paid a year

ago, and is only natural in view of the

materially reduced feeding operations ev-

erywhere. Lately rewsed figures show

that shipments of feeder sheep and lambs

from the eight leading western markets

during 1911 amounted to 3,773,956 head,

running 667.162 shortof the number ship-

ped in 1910. Conditions are the reverse

of those of last year, when average prices

for lambs were the lowest seen since

1904.





Disinfect

Your Pens





 





01) can't fatten he in a d n. The

hog house shoultfsbe smgyte’dpgccaslon-

ywith Dr. liens Di an Disintectan

not onlyto kill the lice an other vermi bu

also to kill the disease genus which result tom

sour swrll drippin s. Lice tilde under the

troughsandpenao sT-swuldnp sbeoome

sour and cake givm‘iI oft foul. poisonous

odors which the hogs hale. »





is a positive vermin killer. an antiseptic and

powerful dcodorizer. It is non-poxsonous and

non-irritating and makes the most effective

dip for hogs, sheep. horses and cattle—spells

certain death to all parasrtes and keeps pens.

sewers. stables barns etc..clean

and sweet smelling. both! a hog

wallow and keep a solution of Dr.

~ '~ Hess Dip and Dismiectant for the

' ’ hogs to wallow in. Cures dog

mange and eczema. Meets the

U. S. requirements for sheep

scab-one gallon dip makes a

70 to 100 allons solution. .

Writeior ree DipBooklet.

DR. HESS l- CLARK

., thloud. Ohio _





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





 





 





 





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DUNHAM’S





PERGHERDNS





Our summer importation, in our estimation

the best lot of horses we have ever had at

Oaklawn. has arrived. Numerous impor-

tant prize-winners are included, then the

high average is the main thing. as every

animal would be a. creditin any herd. Will- us,





DUNIIAMS, Wayne, lilinois.





 





A. A. PALMER G SONS,

BELDING. MICH.





The Pioneer Percheron Breeders oi Michigan,

offer for sale a choice lot. of black





Percheron Stallions and Mares





All registered and young. Fifty head to select from.





 





—2t| three

Breeders oi lacks and Percheron Horses and mu,

year old jacks, 15 earlings. Some nice Percheron

Stallions, Mares, oltg and Tamworth swine. All

stock re red or subgcct to registry. We would be

glad to have you visit our farm or write for circulars.

H. '1‘. Brown <95 00., 156 W. b'hort St, Lexington, Ky.





JACKS and MULES





Raise mules and get rich. 18

jack and mule farms under

one management. where can

be seen head flue largo

jacks, Jennets and males, 14

to 17 hands high. Good ones.

took. guaranteed. “’rite

for prices today. Address,





Krekler’s Jock Form

West Elkton. Ohio





Branch Barn—Clinton, Indiana.





JAC KS.





Bi est. jack offering ever made. ill-day sale on 5.5

hen of extra. big re stored Hammoth Jacks at. 601: of

their value. Prices . toil.200 each. I am im on.-

ingaIJPei-oheron and Belgian mares andBO stal ions

and must. close out. a lot. of glooks to get money and

make room. Write for outta 08. photograph. descrip-

tion and price list.





W. L. DeCLOW, ’ .r

Cedar Rapids Jock Form. Cedar Rapids, in.





m orted and pure bred ' We make a o l-

I Blelgion ii: Percheron Sl‘lllons. tilt. of Qua itay,





 





 





 





 





Bone and Weight. 6. iii H. LOCKER, luflton, Ohio.





 





 





 

 

 





.l

‘T
A





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





FEB. 24, 1912.



Sentiment in the hog' and provision

markets is that the persistent enormous

marketing of the hog supplies of the corn

belt states month after month is bound

to bring about greatly reduced supplies

for shipping before many weeks and that

this will make a high range of prices for

later marketings. Several causes have

influenced holders to send their hogs to

market earlier than in former years, long





 





WVVVVVYVYVYVYVVYVVVVYYY





VETERINARY l





AAAJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAM





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V, S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

- 1-. weath r and ex- shou d state history and symp oms o the

ffggggeiighfillgdcggm actirfg as pow- case in full; also name and address of

erful arguments for selling hogs of quite firiter. Initials only Will 12% tpubhshezi.

zight weights. as we“ as mere DigS- Man-V mi“ysaqmugr‘ilirié‘itas“Wri’etims acofil’il’my 13

people hardly know What to make Of the watched carefully you will probably find

government l‘eDOl‘t. ‘Vthh has JUSt ap- the desired information in a reply that

neared, showmg .the aggregate supply 0f has been made to some one else. When

hogs in the United States as 65,419.000 reply by mail is requested, it becomes

head, or within 210,000 of such. holdings private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

a year ago, and its accuracy is largely accompany the letter.

doubted. While the government’s figures





are reco nized as the most reliable to be _ '

had, thegv are, of course, after all only like bunch about the s1ze of a hickory





estimates at best, and it seems not un- nut is growing on back part (If my one of

likely that holdings have been exag- my cows tents and I would like to know

geraied. how'to treat it. This bunch has no neck,



Mules have been selling as much as 10 but is rather flat. J. ll., Goodrich, Mich.

per cent lower than in 1910, the. decline j—Applv one part iodine and six parts

being attributed by southern authorities .ard to bunch once a day. In my prac-

to the 40 per cent decline in the value of tice I usually open skin and dissect out

cotton. It is claimed that the low price bunch. '

of that great southern staple will lead to Partial LOSS of Power.——l have 11 last

a decrease in the acreage to be planted fall pigs that have been doing fine until

this vear, and this, combined With the 10 days ago, then they began to show

reduc‘e'd purchasing power of the plant- weakness in hind quarters. Their food

ers, will diminish the shipment of mules since weaning time has consisted of skim-

to the south during the. year. Feed IS milk and corn. They are kept in a warm

costing mule dealers tWIfe ashnligcéi as plat-e. R. St.C.. Muir, Mich—Corn and

a year ago, and this tents to 0 own milk .is not a balanced ration for pigs.

the supply. - especially if they do-not have plenty of



Sellers of Percheron horses report SOOd exercise. Feed less corn, more oats, oil

sales of high-class breeders since the 109' mcal, roots and tankage. They should be

ginning of the yeai’ to buyers from ml- given some lime-water with their feed.‘

nois and Iowa... and good‘ sales have been and this is made by dissolving lime in

made also of lilgh-ClaSS Shll‘e and Belgian water. The water absorbs only so much,

stallions, while 1good second-hand. stallions therefore no danger in making it too

are offered at argain prices. strong.



Country shippers of horses to the Chi- Crippled Pigs—M. P, Dryden, Mich.—

cago market did a wise thing when they See treatment for crippled pigs and how

curtailed their recent offerings, thereby to _feeo them, in this column. Change

checking the former downward tendency their feed, keep thcm dry, clean and

of prices. The worst feature of. the horse. warm._

market all along has been the super- Navtcular Disease ——M_v four-year—old

abundance of a common grade of draft- colt is quite lame in left fore-quartcr and

ers, the demand being mainly for a gOOd 1 am unable to find any swelling or sore—

class of heavy draft horses, Such‘ as Eire ness. .ltest seems to make him some bet-

usually in small supply. The Um? 01‘ ter, but when worked his lameness in-

breeding liigh-class horses of tllie ftlraft crcaScs. When standing still, he moves

LVDe‘ has arrived, and wide-awa’e arm- left foot and is inclined to point it out in

ers are doingthis, rcalizmg that it will, in frunt of body. After a day's work he is

all probability,‘ result in bringing them very lame F. B., Manton, Mich—Your

substantial Di‘OlltS by the “me the horses horse should have absolute rest and in

become matured. . _ _ , order tor him to recover he must have it.



1‘9““9’3 are buying breeding cattle ”1 I am inclined to belieVe the lameness is

variousparts of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, in nuvipular (coffin) joint. Apply one

Missouri and other states, and it .alieady llal‘i red iodide mcrcury and 10 parts (,e_

lias been demonstrated that breeding beet rate of cantharides ,0 coronet every weck

cattle can be made profitable, even on 01, ten days. '

farms that are worth $150 per acre. Spi'ained 'J‘endons—Scratches.—-My 8-



A recent dispatch from Guthrie, Okla, year-old gelding is lame in left fore—leg.

says that OV’eI‘ 100.000 head Of. 0211110 are caused, we believe, from a strain of back

being fattened at the 40 .011 mills of that cords. \V‘ould like to know how to treat

slate and that they W111 be marketed this case. We also have another horse

freely from this tune on, but this state- that is troubled with scratches, but there

ment has been declared grossly Ux'agger- are not many cracks on back part of hind

ated ,investigation falling, 10 (1150‘1’_‘1’91‘ legs. G. I... Lakeview. Mich—His lame—

more than ‘473000 _hea_d ln‘DOlhIQWI', ncss is perhaps in tendons and i advise

homa and ’leitas Oil mills. Scarce 3', an) you to clip hair off back part of leg from

cattle are being fed on 09’.“ m Ukla— hoof to knee and apply cerate of can—

homa- There is a DI‘ObablllW 0f more th'iridcs which will blistc li htlr Th

‘ ' 3 lace thOse ‘ . *. ~ I‘ 8 3. ese

all“? being put‘ 1"“ feed} to Ft”) applications should be made every week

marketed “0m .‘ 1e 50“ iwes ' , or ten days until he recovers. it is need-



A car load of 20 head of fancy Angus leSs for me to repeat the im ,



. , . . portance of

cows that aveiaged 1,240 lbs. was sold on mg, in the treatment of spr . ‘ ,



. H... , . . , ains. ltor your

the Chicago market recently for 956"" Del horse that has scratches apply equal

100 lbs. MOSt Of them were pure-blooded parts tincture ’bcnzoin and glycerine to

Angus‘cattle, and the price was the high- cracks twice a day and give him a des-

fjgdlff’dcggsmany months for a stiaight sertspoonful of Donovan's solution at a



Prominent stockmen of VVyandote coun- (lose m fefd thiee .U-mes a day. ,



. . , , j . congestion of Lungs—Hemorihage —-

ty, Ohm' have been Vlsmng the Chicago Black Tceth—AVe had three fin )l s

stock yards for the purpose of buying .W ‘ , e lg

feeder cattle They said that farmers “6‘51”!” am)“ 100 lbs' each, they are

hav been building silos in large num- ””80 momhs Old' This morning found



6 . t 100 one of them very ill, seemed almost im—

bers and that there we now abou ,, bl t b‘ l

_ r , five possile o leatie, had three severe

in the count}, against none only m, l . -



, . _ . 1g iing spells in the forenoon in which



years ago. By this means fee-ding 01) il b - ,

, p. , _ ic, lood and froth flowed from mouth

orations are doubled. and nose From noon on the - ft



Considerable surprise has been ex- ' . ‘7 4' ‘ , y came 0 en-

prcssed because of the liberal marketings 9‘ «and _more severe until about an hour

of hogs in recent weeks. Iowa and Ne- 139‘??? M. died, the blOOd ceased to flow

braska especially are free shippers of 39%,”(151111 coughed, pantedland struggled

young hogs tipping the scales around 200 1"“ 11 9515”] (‘nded “7‘7 SUfferlngs. 'Anotlier

lbs. and are evidently disposed to Sell one we ound dead in the pen this morn-





liberally around the market prices.

packers have been good buyers of these





YYVY





 





 





 





 





Fibrous Tumor on Teat.—A hard flesh-





and seemed all right, but had a slight

hogs to meet the heavy requirements of SW?” Of coughing While drinking, as if it

the fresh meat trade. had cnoken, from eating too fast, \Ye



An lllinois stock feeder marketed at ncticed the other one the same way.

Chicago not long since 36 head of Here- Opened them while Yet warm and found

ford steers that were too years old and their hearts full of black clotted blood.

avm‘aged 1,361 lbs. at $8.50 per 100 lbs. 11180 the lungs very dark. Have been fcd

They had been on full rations of ear corn warm milk with middlings three timcs a

and clover and timothy hay since the day with some. corn. They had a light

c1059 of last August and were allowed the roomy pen, well ventilated, warm, a dry

run of pasture in the meantime. Feed- bed of rye straw and the pen is cleaned

ers in the part of the state where these cvcry day, but one day the old sow opcn—

cattle were fed are paying from 60 to 65 ed the outside door, letting in the cold

cents a bushel for corn, prices being the air. What are the results if pigs get

highest paid in 11 years, and home- black teeth? J. 8., South Haven, Mich.—

grown hay costs $12 per ton, while al- Your hogs suffered from congestion of

falfa hay has been brought in at a cost the lungs and internal vicera and it was

of $16 per ton. Fifty per cent less cattle no doubt. followed by hcmorrhage result-

feeding is reported thereabouts than a. ing in death. The. others died from acute

year ago, but it is reported that swine congestion. Many well hogs have black

are going to be shipped in normal num- Item and l have failed to understand why

bers to market. black teeth should harm a pig,



C. C. Brower, of Indiana, showed up lndigestionWCongestion.—Had a litter

at CliicagO recently With a shipment Of of eight pigs farrowed November 7, wean-

a double-deck of western fed‘wethers of cd them December 2], then placed them

his own feeding that were prime enough in comfortable quarters in basement of

to sell for $5.05 per 100 lbs- The owner barn. I commenced feeding them lightly

bought them as feeders last September at first on slop made of oats and corn

at $3.70. when the” average weight was ground together with sweet skim-milk.

91 “38- They “"3139 run on rye .and blue adding a little oil meal and this food was

grass pasture and later placed in a corn fed to them warm. They lived on this

field until huskiiig time, Since ‘havmg ration up to two weeks ago, when,inid—

been furnished rations conSistmg 0f dlings were substituted for oil meal.

shocked corn and 03t5~ They made 300‘1 Since them I have fed them about three

gains and showed 800d profits. pints of corn and oat meal and one pint



One orthe most successful cattle feed- of middlings with enough milk to make

ers of Fremont county, Iowa. and one six quarts twice a day. They have also

of the large feeders 0f the middle “'05,“ had a quart of shelled corn three .times

has placed 600 exceptionally fine cattle a day. A few days ago l,found (me

on feed for next summer’s market. They breathing quick and short, body very hot

were purchased recently on the South and this pig died after being sick for 12

Omaha market. The owner marketed hours. I might add that he bloated badly

last August at Chicago 536 choice beeves after death. Twelve hours later another

that weighed around L400 lbs. one died showing much the same symp-





\ .





 





' THE C. MICHIGAN FARMER.





The ing, the evening before it ate and drank .





 





   





 





_ profitable

cow and a profitable location.





There are two things a successful dairyman must have. First is a good

breed of cows—second a good location. Scrub cows won't pay anywhere,

and;he finest type of milkers won’t pay if marketing conditions are not good.





Don’t be satisfied with the average cow—the kind that produces 130 lbs.

of butter fat 3 year. That kind Costs just as much to keep as the cow that

will produce 300 lbs. and up.



You know how to select a good milker. If not, Professor Cottrell’l book

“Making Money in Dairying”, mentioned below, will tell you.



With the right kind of cows, and the right location there is big money in

dairying. Good daitymen, with this combination are making





$100 a year per cow





formerly Professor at the Kansas and

Colorado Agricultural Colleges, and

now in charge of the Rock Island Lines

Department of Agriculture, has made a

careful study of every locality along the

Rock Island Lines. He knows the best

places for dairying, and can tell you the

very place Where you are most likely to

succeed. He will also give you the

bench of his will: experience on the best

methods to pursue to make a success in

y0ur new location.





These men are located on the main line

of the Rock Island between St. Louis

and Kansas City, where it is ideal for

dairying. The climate, the abundance of

pure water and native grasses enable them

to keep their cows at the highest point

of productiveness with the minimum

cost. They are close to two big markets,

St. Louis and Kansas City, where dairy

products bring high prices the year

around. They are located right.



This matter of location is worthy ofyour

serious thought. Just a few miles often





Dro me a line and tell me how man

makes the difference between profit and p y





, cows you have and what you are getting

1035- If your profits are not 1313‘ 1‘ from them. Tell me what prices you

may be due ‘0 3'0“" location. get and what it costs you to keep your

Then are some particularly good loca- cows. If your location is right you

tiono for profitable dairying along the will be frankly told so—if it is wrong

Rock Island Lines. ProfeSsor H. M. you will be given personal, expert assis-

Cottroll, anexpert of national reputation, tanco in finding a location that is right.





Book on expert dairy methods, FREE!





Prof. Cottrell has written several books on expert methods of farming. His book

“Making Money in Dairying" is the next best thing to a course in an Agricultural

college. It is worth dollars to any farmer who will read it. No matter where you

ll" you'll profit by it. You may have a. copy free, if y0u will write me today.

The statement. herein made have been fully inventigotod

and can be absolutely relied upon.



L M. Allen, Pannier Traffic Manager. Rock Island lines.



43 LoSolle Station, Chicago





John Sebastian, Third Vice-President-





 





 





 





 

 





/ . (“741 -,

’ - 6 5.”. ..-~

. <\ -1} I '





   

 





 





 

 





 





 





-5 -~





I

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Milne All Steel combination Slump Puller





Simple, light handy rapid, powerful. Many features—Potent Wire Rope Coupler, All Steel Rope Safety

Double Power éulley, lsouble, Triple and Quadruple Power Attachments, etc. Our new Rotary Power

Attachment isa wonder for sowing, grinding, washing, and other power work—a. farm horse power.





s EN D NAM E Get our new catalog of facts, proof and prices. Address

MILNE MFG.CO., 875 Elzhth Shoot, Monmouth. III.





 

   

 





     

 

 





 





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HERCULES Illl'G. 00.. 137—17“: 3t.

Center-ville, lowo





   

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 





   





 





 





   

 





 





When writng to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





1
218





toms and a third one seems. to be sick.

The first hogs that died discharged froth

and. blood from mouth and nose. The





(10)





sick one is quite stiff, but has a good ap- 401'





vpetite. T. C. 8., Buchanan, Mich.—_—You

may have fed your pigs a little too much

corn, but on the whole you fed them

about right. The cold weather is perhaps

responsible for their deaths. Protect them

from cold, keep them clean, their bowels

open and give them equal parts ground

ginger and cooking soda in their feed.

Two—thirds of a teaspoonful is plenty for

one pig and it should be given twice a





ay.



Wolf Teeth—Indigestion.——I have a. sev-

en-year-old mare that has what are call—

ed wolf teeth and I would like to know

if they do much harm. This seven-year-

old mare is thin, but has a good appetite.

E. L, B., Marcellus, Mich.-——Supernumer-

ary teeth, more frequently called “wolf

teeth,” are frequently seen just in front

of the molars (grinders) in either the up-

per or lower jaw. Sometimes they grow

to such length as to disturb the horse

while eating. They do, as a rule, very

little harm, but in my practice I always

extract them; this is done more to sat—

isfy the owner than to relieve the horse

for unless I do the work in a humane

surgical way someone else would be

called upon to do it who might injure the

mouth. Many persons labor under the

mistaken idea that “wolf teeth" cause

blindness in horses; this, I am sure, is a

mistaken idea. Your mare's teeth may

need floating, also give her a tablespoon-

i’ul of ground gentian, a tablespoonful of

ginger and a teaspoont’ul of powdered sul-

phate iron at a dose in feed two or three

times a day.



Diabetes—Have a seven-year-old geld~

ing that must have either kidney or blad-

der trouble for he urinates too often. He

has been treated by our local Vet. but

the horse is no better. V. J. B., Char-

lotte, Mich.—~tlive him 1 dr. urotropin at

a dose three times a day for 15 days, also

give him a teaspoonful powdered nitrate

of potash at a dose twice a day.



Ophthalmia.—Have a "mare that went

blind about 1.2 months ago. \\'e imagine

that she can see a little out of one eye.

Can this film that clouds her sight be

removed? G. B., Ionia, Mich—I am in-

clined to believe that very little can be

done to benefit her eyes; however, you

might blow a little calomel into eyes once

a day and give 1 dr. iodide potassium at

a dose in feed three times a day.



Rheumatism.~—\Vhen my 10—year-old

mare steps over in stall or starts to walk

her shoulder joint‘ snaps and I have won-

dered if bone is broken or what it might

lw. She stumbles some when traveling

and has had small boils on shoulder and





is rather thin. H. T., Kingsley, Limb.—

A cracking of a. joint indicates rheu-

matic or dry condition of joint. ,Apply





equal parts spirits of camphor and olive

oil to shoulder joint once a day. In-

crease her food supply and give her two

tablospoonfuls of ground genlian, a ta-

blespocnful of ground ginger, a table—

spomiful red cinchona and a teaspoonful

of salt at a dose in feed three times a

day.



Dropsy.—I have a mare 12 year old

that foaled last October; before foaling

time she swelled on lower part of belly.

llcr colt died soon after it was born; its

death was no doubt the result of cold.

She. has not done well since and is a}-

most as corpulent as she was at foaling

time. F. B., Dafoe. Mich.-Your mare

should be Well fed, exercised moderately

daily, her bowels kept open by feeding her

well salted bran mashes or roots. Give,

her 2 drs. iodide potassium and 1 oz.

ground gentiau at a dose in feed three

timcs a day.



Solidified Bursa] Bunch—Last spring I

purchased a large horse in Detroit-that

was a Very little knee-sprung and during

midsummer I noticed a bunch growing on

inside of right knee, which must now hurt

him. This horse seldom ever lies down

and when he d0es appears to be in con-

siderable pain, for he holds foot off the





ground. He also makes a fuss when

shod. He travels stiff but not mucl.

lame. .-\. J. 1-’., lrass Lake, illicli.——Paiut

bunch with tincture iodine once a day





and it will perhaps I‘ellt‘Vc him.

’\'crtigo——Gastritis.——I would like to

know what caused the death of my five-

months—old pig. Shc acted as if intoxi—

cated and would squeal as if in pain. I

have another brood sow that vomits and

refuses to eat. H. I... Imlay City, Mich.

~~Your hog died the result of vertigo or

perhaps brain hemorrhage. Your sow

has eaten some irritating infected food.

Give her a teaspoonful bicarbonate soda

or one—half of a teaspoont'ul sub-nitrate

of bismuth at a dose three times a day.

Horse Took Cold—Six weeks ago my

four—ycar—old horse contracted a cold. I

have. given him tar and oil, rubbed his

chest with turpentine and mustard; have

consulted a local Vet. who prescribed for





him. but the horse does not appear to rc—l





cover. lie eats and drinks well, but I

imagine his lungs are slightly affected as

there is a slight heaving of flanks. J.

K. l\T., Lawton, Mich—Gnu» him 30 grs.

of quinine, 1/2 oz. fluid extract gentian

and 1 dr. iodide potassium at a dose four

in- live times a day. Apply mustard and

“'illl‘l' to sides back of shoulders and

chest three times a week. Keep the

horse in a warm, but well ventilated sta-

IllG.



Stille or Hock Lameness.—Thr.ce weeks

ago my‘ nine-monthsmld filly went lame

in hind leg and I have thought that her

stifle was affected for it is swollen. “'hen

standing still she keeps heel off ground

and part of time food is held up as if

she suffered pain. W. l'). R., Ionia, Mich.

~~The lameness is either in hock or stifle

and to be sure. that you treat the right

parts, apply one part turpentine. one part

aqua ammonia and four parts raw linseed

oil to stifle and hock three or four times

a week.



Foot Soreness.—I have a vsix-year-old

horse that travels stiff and sore in front.

I am unable to account for this stiffness

and would like to know how to treat him.





 

 





E. R. L., Deford, Mich.—He may suffer

from a. light attack of stable founder

caused from high feeding'and .no exercise,

his boots may be contracted, or he

may have soreness .in 005111 joints. No

matter which ailment he suffers from he

will be benefited by blistering coronets

with one part red iodide mercury and 10





parts cerate of cantharides every week -





or ten days. Pack feet with blue clay,

oil meal or antiphlogistine.



Chronic Heaves.—Have a horse that

has heaves, but do not know how long he

has been broken-winded. He does his

work fairly well, but I would like to

know how to prevent him getting worse.

\V. E. G., Dimondale, Mich.-—Feed no

clover or musty, dusty, badly cured fod-

der of any kind and very little bulky food

is the best way to feed a horse that’has

heaves. Wet the feed and do not allow

him to drink too much water at a time,

while working but let him have all he

wants after his day’s work is done. If

he is a ravenous eater, .bed him with

shavings or sawdust. Give 1 dr. pow-

dered lobelia, 2 drs. muriate ammonia

and a dessertspoonful of ,Fowler's solu-

tion at a dose in feed three times a day.



Inactive Skin Glands—Our eight—year-

old mare panted during hot weather last

summer but did not perspire freely

enough, but when put in stable her coat

became moist. She is now in foal and if

you think I had better treat her, tell me

what to do. S. B. VV., Sand Lake, Mich.

Feed your mare well and give her good

care, but don’t forget to groom her thor-

oughly twice a day,

glands of skin. ‘When summer comes if

you work her, she should be clipped and

frequently washed with tepid- water.



Cough—I bought a cow last summer

and she had a slight cough which has

never left her; it must be slight for she

remains in good .health, but I have

thought she is a little worse now than

when I got her as she now passes some

phlegm, or mucus from nose and mouth.

H A., Fennville, Mich—Give her a tea-

spoonful of tincture opium, a. teaspoont‘ul

fluid extract belladonna and a teaspoonful

tincture lobelia at a dose in feed two 01‘

three times a day. Apply equal parts

turpentine and olive oil to throat twice

a Week.



Lice—I Would like to know how to rid

my horses of lice; these vermin are about

the size of bed bugs and resemble sheep

ticks. G. W. H., Eagle, Mich.~—If your

horses are very lousy it may be necessary

for you to clip them. You should also

whitewash or disinfect your stable; be—

sides, your combs and brushes should be

dipped in some solution that you apply

to kill lice.’ I find by boiling 5 ozs. of

crushed stavesacre seed in a gallon of

water for two or three hours, then strain

through a cheesecloth, and till to original

quantity, then apply two or three times

a Week. if you do not care to clip your

horses, blow Persian insect powder into

coat three times a week,



Vertigo—l have a ten—year-old mare

that is in an unthrifty condition, first

noticed her dull and dumpish last spring,

she tired easily, seemed to fall asleep

standing and was inclined to tumble

down. At times she trembles and sways

and has trouble to keep from falling down.

(3. F. 11., Henderson, Mich—.Your mare

suffers from vertigo and perhaps has a

weak heart and an inactive liver. Givv

her 25 grs. calomel at a dose twice a Week

for three weeks. Keep her bowels open

by feeding well salted bran mashes or

roots. Give 2 drs. bromide of potash at

a dose in feed three times a day.



Infectious .-\bortion——-Strips of Mucus.

——I have a mare that is 16 years old next

spring that has lost two colts at seven

months. \Vould you advise me to breed

her again? She gets up with difficulty

and for two years has occasionally showed

symptoms of bowel pain and she also

passes white, string—like mucus, that re-

sembles a partially decomposed worm.

She is now in good condition and I would

like to know if you would advise me to

breed her. M. S., Rosebush, Mich.———She

is not worth considering for breeding

purposes and if I were you should fill her

place with a sound mare.



l’eriodic Ophthalmia.—\Ve have two

llm‘s'es coming four and five years old that

have each had attacks of moon blindness

and I would like to know if this ailment

is contagious. The lower part Of eye ball

becomes clouded gradually becoming red—

dish color forming a film on cornea, caus-

ing partial loss of sight, but in 10 days

the. eyes appear to clear. \V. R., Howell,

Mich.-'l‘he veterinary profession are

convinced that there has not yet been

found a remedy for this ailment. Fo-

mcnting the eyes with warm water, keep-

ing the animal in a dark place, feeding

cooling laxative food, has a tendency to

lighten and shorten each attack, but it

is only palliative treatment. Apply a

saturated solution of boracic acid to eyes

twice a day and give a cathartic when

first symptoms appear will help.



Anaemic—Vi'eakness.—From a state of

good health my horse began to go down

and became so Weak that I was obliged

to discontinue teaming. Our Vet. thought

it was only a run-down condition and

prescribed a tonic which we have since

given him without any special results.

\V. A, 1)., Sharon, Mich—Give your horse

plenty of nourishing food, also a. tea-

spoonful of powdered sulphate of iron.

a tablespoont‘ul of ground gentian, a ta—

blespoonful of ginger, a tablespoonful of

powdered charcoal and a tablespoonful of

salt at a dose in feed three times a day.



Bruised Thigh and Hip—Fractured

Ribs—Team ran away, going straddle of

a stump; one of the horses had three ribs

broken and the doubletree caught stump

and tumbled the other one back, landing

with stump between hind legs, bruising

hip and inside of thigh. Her hind leg is

stiff and swollen. What had I better ap~

ply? Do you believe that she is injured

internally? A. H. K.. Bentley. Mien——

Give her a teaspoonful powdered nitrate

of potash at a dose in feed three times

a day. Dissolve 34 1b. acetate of lead in

a gallon of water and add one pint tinc-

ture. arnica. then apply to swollen parts

three or four times agday,





this will stimulate .





 





FEB. .24. 1912.),





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





only cost.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





Get it from your dealer.





Book No. 40.





   

   





anneal, Que.





Toronto, Ont.





first cost than shingles, tin and slate,

and cheaper than all other roofings

when cost per year is considered.



Tin, iron and most prepared roofings are a con-

tinual trouble and expense, for they have to be

painted or regravelled every few years.

paint, gravel or other protection is ever needed

for J-M Asbestos Roofing. Its first cost is the





consists of layer on layer of Asbestos (rock) Felt securely cemented ’ '

together with Trinidad Lake ASphalt. This makes a ready roofing

that is literally a pliable stone—with the everlastmg qualities of stone.



Sparks or burning brands cannot ignite 1t. Rain, snow, heat, cold,

salt air or chemical fumes cannot injure it.



This roofing is in good condition today on many buildings after more thana _quar-

ter century of service. J-M Asbestos Roofing can be used on any type of building.

Sold direct if he can‘t supply you. .



Write our nearest Branch for a piece of the curious Asbestos Rock and illustrated





H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.





Ba] ' Cl l d K CW m" . Minna lil Omaha San Francisco

“:10” Dalila“ L323: clan “5355105 New 031:“; Philadelphia Seattle _

Chicago Detroit ilwau cc "" cw 0 Pittsburgh St. Louis





I

For Canada: —THE. CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.. LIMITED





 





 

   

 





 





Goshth'lk Condensing Co.,Goshm, Ind.

Covered with 33M Asbeslos Roofing





The Cheapest

RoOfing





J-M Asbestos Roofing is lower in





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





No





Winnipeg. Man. Vancouver. B. C. 1575 j





   





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





The first cost is the last.





The Silo in Modern Farming—In these days of intensive

Iarmmg, ensxlage as feed can no longer be ignored. Its use is an

conomy. But the silo itself must not be a source of continual expense.





TI-IE IMPERISHABLE 511.0





is guaranteed. lt is storm-proof. decay-proof. no painting. no waste of time and

money in upkeep. no hoops, no injurious moisture.

The lmperishable is made of Patented Vitrified Clay

Blocks which are non—absorbent and last forever.

and rotting—n continual expense with other silos.





’HATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY

Agricultural Department A.

Huntington, lnduna',





In simple in construction.





They resist swelling. shrinking

Write at once for catalog.





 





 





 





. EARLY! BUYERS o



SAVE MONEY!

EARN "3533's???" PAID

HUWZ‘v‘llAlAMAZU





MiCHlGAN





(





Illlu lui



llmlun

, ,, , lllllllllllll

,, g, ; 3L0 llllllllllllll





‘lll! mllllll





mu m w;

.-





 





Special N otice! '

At the State Round-Up Farmers Insti-

tute at Agricultural College.





Iinvite you to investigate my labor-saver and

crop-improver; Free booklet on cultivating and

plant; culture. by Farmers, Agri. Experts and U.

s. Dept. of Agriculture: also a list of valuable

Farm books and where they can be obtained free.

Wanted. Ace-ls for litiga- at 0m. ' Con-luau.





GEO. GOODCHILD, Lansing, Mich.





GLOSIIE MIT SALE.





on Feb. 27th. 1912,





of my whole herd of





SHOHIHOIIII All] MILEB DURHAM BATTLE.





20 head, consisting of Cows, Bull Heifers, Heifer

Calves and Bull Calm Bord he ed by famous bull

Bprin rt Lad 88th; wet t. 2.200 be, Farm. )4 mile

from v 1W9 of Oxford. w are sale Will be held.



L. . SUTflERLA D. Oxford, nlchf‘nn,





 





 





_Blaok mhoron Stud. two dh It

For old. will? fourteen hundigd a? bail?

Inquilo. BBLNNAN B ounces, Williamston. Mich.





 





Position Wanted a: Foreman or Manager





on farm. b experienced farmer, etc It .

lad. R.F.D. No. 1. Box-18, fierhz‘lllemtiogs





 





reference.





 





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd, consisting of Trojan Ericaa Blackbirds

Prides, only, is headed by erton . a Trojan Erlgad

by Black Woodlawn, sire of t a Grand Oham ion stag}

and bull at. the International in Ohicm, 90,, 1910_

A few choiooly bred young bulls for sale.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich,





AYE S H I RE 5 “(1.333: :fovrglfil’; t hill

and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. All pure

bred.





Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.





 





-3 Re istoredf‘uernse B ll :5 ' -

For $3.0 tore large Iorkshiie 20:9, riggdg.





For prices write John Ebola. R. No. 10. Holland. Mich,





GUERNSEYS FOR SA LEjfi‘oewiS 9-32





canes. GEORGE MORLOCK. Vl'atervliet, Mich.





sired by half-brother f R I

ysgquzau" gal": Langwater. m. 12.986.501ba.?stf %.

. ., yrs. mo. AliamKelsey. Lakeviow. Mich.





calf,siredb b t. fP

5355.159 BULL 3...... B: that; 2.223:





C. D. WOODBU .Y. Ian-ting, Mich.

HOLSTEINS—IO heed choice high grade and pure





bred heifers, all fresh in 9 tin for I650. 3 to I .

bull calves at aibargain. B. Ill Regavey,‘Akron, Mitzi:





llagislemd “shin “flu-special prices on two

b 11 .5 a

old. FLOYD F. JONES. R.F.I1).?l, 03:1: eflvedfi‘léfif





. B U LLS 33$. 33”.3.l§“§3¥l.“§‘l$0.‘l§£&





- Y

M 8% each. ROBIN CARR. Fowlervillo, Michigan,





ULL. CALVES—De K01. Hengeryeld and Korndyke

'str ins. None better at the price. Few better at

””131? cc. Tabulated pedigrees and prices on nest.

00 BROTHERS, Ypsilanti Farms. Ypsilanti, ioh.





mum summons-anti???





l

A few. young. cows. and half bred for beef and





 





 





milk,pricesri ht. Also are bred cotchb I], G 7

Crown. JOH J. FoTER, ‘R.‘No.3,1~lliles, filial:





 





 





 





«r





 





 





 





 





 





 

   





-uM r. i...
"t





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





THE. MICHIGAN FARMER.





“rancher MW ‘ ‘ somewhat ‘1 *





\





 





[1





(11)





2'19





 





 





 





,





 





bills could be cut in two:





that of 1911.





Note how that demand doubles

every year—grows and grows with

increaSing experience.



Today~after 900,000 have been

tested out—the demand is growing

faster than ever.



Yet for years these tires cost one-

fifth m 0 re than other standard

tires. Now they cost but an equal

price.



Can you think these men mistaken

—these motor car makers, these tens

of thousands of users who have come

to this patented tire ?





They Sought

What You Are Seeking





They sought for a way to cut tire

bills in two. We proved that these

tires could do it.



They sought tires which can’t rim-

cut. One glance at these tires proves

rim-cutting impossible.



They sought oversize tires, to take

care of their extras-to save the blow-

outs due to overloading. And they

found this oversize without extra

cost in No-Rim-Cut tires.



That’s why they bought, in the

year 1911,409,521 Goodyear tires.





 





This is what happened when men proved that tire





In 1907 we sold 28,685 tires.

In 1908 we sold 51,542 tires.

In 1909 we sold 105,127 tires.

In 1910 we sold 210,762 tires.

In 1911 we sold 409,521 tires.





That’s“ pneumatic automobile tires alone.

So far this year the demand has run three times





Loss—$20 Per Tire





We figure the average loss of men

who don’t use them at $20 per tire.

It varies, of course, with the sizes.

And care or abuse affects it. One

can’t be exact on these savings.



We figure it this way.



Statistics show that 23 per cent of

all ruined clincher tires are rim-cut.

No-Rim-Cut tires wipe out that loss

entirely.



Tcn per cent oversize, under aver-

age conditions, adds 25 per cent to

the tire mileage. And No—Rim-Cut

tires, measured by air capacity, aver-





, The Flood-Like Advance of

o-Rim-Cut Tires—10 Per Cent Oversize





This is what happened when motor car makers

made their final comparisons:

44 makers in 1910 contracted for Goodyear tires.





64 makers for 191 1—

127 makers for 1912.





And these makers are experts on tires.





No-Rim-Cut tires now far outsell any other make.

And the demand is six times larger than two years





ago. It’s the coming tire.





Are All These Men Mistaken?





age 16.7 per‘cent larger than five

leading makes of clinchers.



The clincher tire is the old-type

tire—the hooked-base tire——which

No-Rim-Cut tires are displacing.



This No-Rim-Cut feature, pin the

oversize feature, will save motor car





owners this year, we figure, a million





dollars a month.





The Only No-Rim-Cut Tires





In No-Riin-Cut tires there are three

flat bands of 126 braided wires vulcan-

ized into the tire base. These wires

make the tire base unstretchable.



These tires stay on without hook-





 





 





 





GooofifiAR





With or Without





Double-Thick Non-Skid Treads





With a Bulldog Grip





 





 





Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities

Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont.





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO

We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits





Canadian Factory, Bowmanville, Ont.





ing to the rims; because nothing can

force them off the rim until you re-

move the removable flange. Then

they slip off in an instant.



Your removable rim flanges, when



on use this tire,are curved outward

Instead of inward. That’s why they

can’t cut the tire.



We control by patents the only

way to make a practical tire of this

type. Other devices, used to meet

our competition, have serious short-

comings which we explain in our

Tire Book.



That is why the demand for hookiess

tires centers on Goodyear No-Rim-Cut

tires. Nothing else known can take the

place of these bands of braided wires.



These patented tires now cost no more

than other standard tires. They fit any

standard rim, quick-detachable or de-

mountable. So,when you give up clinch-

ers. don’t adopt experimental tires.



More and more, the men who know

best are insisting on Goodyear No-Rim-

Cut tires. Soon or late, you are bound

to come to them.





Our 1912 Tire Book—based on 13

years spent in tire making—is filled

with facts you should know. Ask us

to mail it to you.





(505)





 





 





 





 





 





 





BULLS-HOLSTEINIBULLS





One $50 Bull

One $60 Bull





One $70 Bull

One $80 Bull





We have some very choice ones a little higher.

Write for description and pedigree.





Long Beach Farm, Augusta, “dsmnzml Mich.





 





“ Top-Notch ” Holsteins.





A fine young bull from an Advanced Registry dam.

Beauty Pietertie Korndyke King No. 78950.

Born Nov. 26, 1910.

SIRE—W‘illowbridge Bos. who is a grandson of Beauty



Pietertie, who has an official record of 30.51 lbs. but-

ter in 7 days and was the first 30-lb cow of the breed

toNproduce a 30—lb. daughter.

DA ——Aiina Houwtje Lenore, who has an oflicial

record as follows: Milk, 1 day 84 3 lbs.; milk, 7 days,

54cc n.9,; butter, 7 days. 20.251bs. She are 14015 lbs,

milk last year in 312 days at 10 years old. he has given

101675 lbs. milk in 9 milkinnger-iods averaging 326

days each. She has 2 A. R. . daughters. One has

a record of 23.22 lbs. butter in 7 days at~l years 3 mo.

old. He comes from large producers on both sides.

is a good individual, nicely marked, with a little

more black than white. Price $100.

McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell, Michigan.





Illlrl llot Sell 20 Holstein Bulls In Nov.

I Want to Finish the Job in December.





Send for_my Dec. Announcement. Select a

bull from It. order him QUICK. Several from

A. R. O_. dams. and sired by Johanna Concordia

Champion, the only bull in service whose grand

dams average 34.06 lbs.butter in 7 days. Also

yearling heifers bred to him.





L. E. GONNELL, -





EREFORDS—7 bulls from 2 mos. to Zlyears old. all

re . and of the very best breeding. A so big boned

ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.





 





Fayette, Ohio.





 





Pol an China hogs.





ii e rnndsons of Pontiac Korndyke in

we nave ogr fill] of Holstein bulls ready for service

now. :Prices rjght. Gregory & Borden. Howell, Mich.





HOLSTEIN BULLS





FOR SALE





Young bull out. of a 20-lb.A R. 0.cow. Sire





 





Ontario De Kol Burke—every entry in his pedi- -





gree has an 01710174 record, He is a grandson of

De Kol Burke. This is a finely bred youngster.





BIGELOW’S HOISTEIN FARMS, Breedsvtlle, Mich.





     





Purebred Registered





/ The Greatest Dairy Breed





HOLSTE IN CATTLE





Send for FREE Illustrated Booklets.





Forty Registered Oxford Down Ewes it Ewe Lambs.





Ali-lo Tcn Rams and liam lambs for sale. must be sold

. L. WRIGHT. Bad Axe, Mich.





at once cheap.





Duroc Jerseys for Sale





cithcrscx. l’uirsnotiikin. _\l. A. BRA Y,Ukcnio.~. .\li(’ll.





 





—Si-r\'ii'c Boar‘s. Bi'wl

Hows and Pull pigs,





 





 





H008.





Duroc Jerseys for Sale





bred from State Fair winners.





—Boiirs and Gilts. also

Fall pigs (both sexes)

Prices rcusonnblc.





 





 





Holstein- Friesian. Auo.. Box 164. Brattleboro.Vt.





JERSEYS AND DUROO JERSEYS

FOR SALE.





A few high class boars from such chain ion boars as

Orion Chief, Instructor. and King of ] linois. Also

i‘ew bred sow ev bulls. cows and heifers.





a, J rs ,

iinoorwnrrn Flori, Alltl ARBOR, men, n. r. o. 7.





 





 





EGISTERED JERSEYS For Sale—Some combin.

ing the blood of St Louis and Chicago World's

Fair Champions by HERMAN HARMS. Reese, Mich.

from a R. of M. cow.





JERSEY BULL CAL Cheap, considering





the quality. C. A. 'I‘AGGETT, R. No. 1, Caro, Mich.





 





 





l‘lltSEY BI'LL (‘ALF for sale. born Feb. 11. 191].

Q Dam ~und granddzim. also grandsirc Register

oi" Merit animals. Al ig class individual.

VVATERMAN d: WATERMAN. Ann Arbor. Mich.





MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.





T. F. MARSTON, Bay City. Michigan.





 





 





Crystal Springsu Jerseys lor Sale if;





testing cows. 0. A S’l'OL. R. No. 2, Fenton, Mich.





 





OR SALE—3 yearlin Holstein-Friesian bulls. also

bred heifers .150 to 8&0 each. Bull calves $40 to $60.

33 years a breeder. Photos and pedi rees on appli.

cation. W. C. Jackson, South Bend, nd.. 719 Rex St-





BUTTER BRED JE§3§YSEE£LS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





Lillie Farmstead JERSEYS





Cows all in yearly test. Several splendid Bull

Calves. A few Heifers and Heifer Calves. I guar-

antee satisfaction or money refunded.



COLON C. LILLIE, Coopersville. Michigan





 





J ERS EYS of the best breeding.

Cows officially tested.



A few bull calves from cows making splendid



records. SAMUEL ODELL. Shelby, Mich.





RED FOLLED—Choioe lot of females any

age, also some bull calves.

J. M. CHASE 6: SONS. lonla. Mlchlgan.



' — . . l .

Dairy Bred Shorthorns inimiiiei were.

each, cash or good note. J. B. HUMMEL. Mason.Mich.

For Sale at Low PriceS‘éfi‘iii‘iTyn‘Bii‘ié

bulls. 10 to 15 months old,v Reds and Beans and all





from good milkin dams. Write at once or better still

come and see. A. 1%. STEVENSON. Port Huron, Mich.





 





 





 





SHEEP.





—Wish to close out both sexes. All

rice. Farm—2% miles

J. O. A. COOK.





 





Reg; ilambouillels , 6.10..

E. orrice, on GILES. and . U. B.

—Good Yearling Field



r Down Slice n d g 11

2:33.". R. “unleashescream...





 





' ' —Elegant spring pigs, either sex.

Dumas and VIClorlls iii-l good as the breed produces at

living prices. M. '1‘. SCI‘OHY. R.F.D.48. Lowell. Mich.





BERKSHIRES—IL’ Grills at $25: 8 at $30: Stried

Sous ill $35 and up. All bred. Best

blood lines. Elmliurst Stock Farm. Almont, Mich.





 





 





' —\\'cancd pigs 315, two for $2."). Bours

BerkShIres I‘(‘ild,\' for scrvico $25. (jilts safe in pig

to HanrlsomciLce Jr.. a Mich. State Fair Prize \Ninuer

"35. Registered and truns‘l' -rrcd. Express prepaid in

lower Michigan. C. C. COREY. New Haven. Mich.





 





0R HALE, BERKSHIRES—‘Z boars & 3 gilts farrowed in June

also n choice lot of Aug. and Sept. pigs, sired by -Ha,ndsonie

Prince 3d Ac Marion King. A. A. PATTULLO, Deckerville, Micli.





—Buy a. service Boar now.

BerKShil‘eS cheap. Other stock also

for sale. C. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





 





 





o I 0 Service Boiirs, _Gilts bred for April farrow

- - . Au . and Sept. pigs. large. smooth and rolitio.

Glenwood tock Farm. Zeeland. Mich. P one 94





0 I SVVINE—Males weighing from 175 to 250

- - - lbs. each. lso a very choice lot of gilts

GEO, P. ANDREWS. Dansville, Ingham 00., Mich.





—My herd is chiefly



O. I. O. SWINE amen, 0,. a... Rm,



strain both males and females. Write for Live and

Let Live price on pairs and tries. not skin.



A. J. GORDON. R. No. 2. Dorr. Michigan.





 





 





o I C’s—A few tried sows to furrow in March'

I I fall pigs, also Buff Rock cockerel'





and cock birds. FRED NICKEL. Monroe. Mich.





0. I. C. Sows bred lor spring larrow.

OTIS GREEN MAN. It. 4 Bellevue. Mich.





 





 





0 I cvs~30 bred sows. headed by '3; herd hours.

I - Sonic tinc grits of Inst March and April

furrow, 300 to 3501M. each. Also last fall pigs. Stock

registered. OTTO B. SCHI LZE, Nashville, Mich.





O.





0 I. C’s—Service males. 25 bred gilts weighing 1'75 to

. 250 lbs. each. 4 bred yearlings. Choice fall pigs.

Rolling View Stock Farm. Cass City. Mich.





 





l C —Bred gilts by Champion bear. 8?!)

0 . each, for January shipment

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





 





Shipped C. o. d.





 





O I. C.—-Spring boars all sold. A few lengthygilts

e to be bred for April farrow. Choice Aug. & opt.

pigs. cheap. A. NE MAN. R. No. 1, Mariette. Mich.





 





Males ready, 100 to select from. Attractive

prices on young stock. H Jump, Munith. Mich.





 





o I c swine and Buff Rock cockerels of

I I I right tyge. best of breeding. price way





down for quick sale. I). SCOTT. Quimby, Mich.





 





‘OUR Imp. Chester Whites and Tamworth swine won





245 in at Fairs in 1911. Servrce boars. also sows bred

for spring fartowpf either breed that will please you

in quality and price. Adams Bros.. thchfield. Mich.





—Youn breeders fM

lmtpflmll mud.“ and May farmer, stilt-(hlb‘rAg:

A ew tried sows for sale when bred. Also Holstein





 





cattle, W. 0. WILSON. .Okemos, Mich. Both phones.





0. I. C’s—All ages. growthy and large. sows fbred.,





Write or call and see. it. (l.Vivian. RA, MonrerMich.





 





—l)uroc Jersey Guilts bred for last of March

For sale and A 11‘” far-row also a few fall gilte.





J. M. PARK & SO S. it. No. :3, Coopereville. Mich,





 





UROC JERSEY sows for sale. bred for M lll‘('h and

April farrow. Have a line lot. of fall pigs either

sex. Call or write Jno. McNicoll. l{.1,North Star, Mich.

—DUROC-JEBSEY bred sows,





FOR SAL pigs and Shepherd Pups. Ex-





press prepaid. J. H. BANOHART, Lansing, Mich.





' ready for service. S ecial

30 HIgh Class 3081's prices for 30 days. lenty

of growth, style and finish. Satisfaction guaranteed.

Come or write. J. C. BARNEY. Goldwater. Mich





LARGE TYPE P C —Largest in Michigan. Pigs

‘ o r from mammoth sires and

sows. Weigh 160 to 17.5le. at 4 months. My motto—

"Not how cheap but how ood." Will pay ex-

pensee_of those who come an do not find what I

advertise. W. E. LIVINGSTON, Parma. Mich.





Poinnm ClilNA undersea carers-w Sens:





P. D. LONG. R. No. . Grand Rapids, ich.





 





 





 





 





 





9 . ' —size,b n . ' '.

Butler 3 Big Type Poland-Chloris We ifeifiifif‘r'i‘éi.

for ercrything in Poland Chinas. If you want a nice

boar tohezid your herd, a brood sow or fall pig. Pairs

not akin. or a reg. Jersey bull of any age write us.

Our prices are verv low. J. 0. Butler. Portland, Mich.





SPEcML S‘LE on Poland China Boats, Sowsf Bred



and fallléi gs. Also Dairy bred Short-



horn Bull Calves. ROB RT NEVE, Pierson, Mich.



’ —Bred from large type. St :k



Poland Chlnas all ages. both sexes. at FflTID‘gl'S



prices. W. J. HAGELSHAW, Augusta, Michigan.



' lrci f .‘ ' r ' -



15 Poland China Saws 6...; {’vfiiri‘ilitt..3.‘.i_

priccd to sell. “M. WAFFLE, Goldwater, Mich,



POL‘Nn cHIN‘ ~Young sows bred for April furrow.



. - _ Extra good fall pigs, either sex.



L. W._BARNES.& SON, Byron, Shiawassce (‘o., Mich.



’ —(}ilts bred to a $75 pi" for



P013“?! Chlnas April furrow. AlSOi'llOlvT‘ l'ull



pigs. 13. D. BISHOP, Route 38, Lake Odessa. Mich.

' b d t '



Big lune P. C. Sows 3’09... Jfinfif





00D do SON. Saline. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





~—Mule Footed Hogs. Mr. Farmer

For sale get the mule footed hog and get

rid of the cholera. have a fine lot of them. all regis-

tered stock. Vi rite me. R. J. GROVES. Davison. Mich.





ULEFOOT HOGS FOR SALE. I am making list of

all mule foot owners inU. S. Send your name now

and get free printed matter. G. C. Kreglow. Ada. Ohio.





 





 





oland Chinas—Home of Michigan's Grand Champ-

ion Boar. Bred sows & fall pigs by this great sire.

'I‘hey re priced right. E. J. Mathewson,Nottawa,Mich.





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRES.





Bears for spring service. A few bred sows. Also

sows bred for August and September farrow. Pairs

and tune not akin. Satisfaction guaranteed.



COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.
220 (1.2.)





 





\





 





PRACTICAL SCIENCE. ‘





 





 





SOURCES OF PHOSPHORIC ACID AND

POTASH IN FERTILIZERS.





 





(Concluded from last week).

Kainit, Ashes, Etc.



Kainit is a commercial potash salt of

a lower grade than even the sulphate or

the muriate, and contains from 10 to 12

per cent of actual potash (K20). Besides

these commercial sources of potash there

is unleached wood ashes, which contains

approximately five per cent of potash in

the form of potassium carbonate, and the

ashes of other vegetable products such

as corn cobs, which are produced in some

considerable quantities in certain sec-

tions.



Availability.



T‘robablylthe question of availability is

more directly concerned with the phos-

phoric acid products than with either of

the other two standard fertilizing ingre-

dients. Most soils have a strong power

of fixing phosphates. We may pour a

watery solution of phosphoric acid upon

the soil and no matter how heavy the

rain, very little of this phosphoric acid

will be washed out of the soil. This is

due largely to the fact that when the

Stiitlilit- phosphoric acid strikes the soil

it combines with lime which in the

soil and becomes reverted. in which con~

dition it is no longer soluble in water. It

is, hchver, to a considerable extent sol-





is





Average CompOsitiOn





uble in dilute salt solution and because

of this fact, that is its solubility‘ in dilute

salt solutions, and in dilute acids, it has

been considered that it is in this way

quite readily available to plants, there-

fore it is customary to consider as avail-

able. not only the water soluble phos-

phoric acid but also the commonly known

reverted phosphoric acid.



Any acid phosphate or super phosphate





that is put on the soil becomes speedily~





changed into the Condition known as the

reverted, whereby it is no longer soluble

in water and consequently the rains will

not wash it out of the soil. The insoluble

phosphoric Cid, however, does not yield to

the influence of water nor salt solutions,

nor dilute acids. It is, therefore, consid-

cred to be very slowly available to plant

growth unless it be associated with an

abundant amount of organic matter and

in a good healthy soil.



In the accompanying tables We give a

compilation of the composition of fertiliz-

ing materials as published by the Ohio

Agricultural Station, in bulletin No. 100.

These tabulations are well to have in

mind as they not only give the percent-

age of the various fertilizing ingredients

which enter into the commercial fertil-

izers but they also give the fertilizing in-

gredients in the various animal manures

and in some of the animal and vegetable

l._\'-products.





 





 





 





of Fertilizing Materials.

l‘t-rcentage Composition. Pounds Per Ton.

l‘hosphoric I’hOSDhOI‘iC

Acid. Acid.

a if a 2‘

. it ”9. ~ 83 2 . {5;

Nateiials. 2 z: .5 g g 7;; i3 53

T: :4 *5 E 3:: ;> o 0

Z 4 E— C-t 7, 4. [-1 C—t

Ashes. hard coal .................... .... , ... 2 2

Ashes, soft coal .................... ... .. 8 8

Ash-s, wood, leached ............... 11;, it, 30 25

.\slu~s. Wood, unleaclicd ............ _,_ 1.3; f. I ... 35 100

Aslits‘. cottonseed hull .............. 71;, 71:, 221/, 150 150 450

A‘\Sht'.\‘, corn cob .................... .. 1, r. ' 49 - . .. .. 10 930

Azoim (ground meat. ctr.) ........ 15 RI. 300 70

Bone ash ........................... 11’. 700

Bone-black, untreated .............. ,_, 1:. .. 560

Hone—black, dissolved .............. .... 16 17 .. 320 340

Zone, meal, raw .................... 4 2:; 80 . 460

Bone meal, free from fat ........... 51,4), 21 110 420

Bone meal, from glut- factory ...... 1",; 2:7 35 500

lioilt- meal, dissolVed ............... 211. 171/: 50 350

Castorduean pomacc ................ 5 11/_, . . . . 100 30 . . .

Cottonseed meal ................... '7 3 15?], 140 60 3")

llrit-d blood ......................... 1013 2 ... 210 40

1mm lish .......................... 7t, 81,, its 165

Florida soft phosphate ............. .. . 19 . .. 380

Hair ................................. 1.") .. 300 ...

Hoofmcal and horn dust ............ 131;. 13/, .. 250 35

‘(ainit ............................... . .. 13 260

Leather meal ........................ Tl: . 150 ~ ~

Muriato of ammonia ................ 25 ... 500 ...

Muriate of potash (80 per cent ), . .. ... 50 ... 1000

Nitrate of potash ................... 131i. 43 270 840

Nitrate (if Stitiét ..................... 153: 315

Peruvian guano ..................... 711. 0 115 150 120 240

Soul 11 t‘arolina rock (floats) ....... “ ... 27 . .. ... 540

South Carolina lock (disstilvcd) . . .. ... H 17» . .. 280 300

Sulphate of ammonia .............. 20 .. 400 . -- - --

Sulphate of potash (low grade) ..... 28 560

Sulphate of potash thigh grade) .. 9 930

Sulphate of potash and magnesia... . . .. ”"1 ... . .. 540

'l‘anllagc, “(i and 35" ................ .1 16 100 320

'l‘anlutge, “7 and 3 " ................ Sit; 133:; 115 275

’l‘ankage, “8 and 20" ................ 61,; . 9 130 130

'l‘aiil;nge, “0 and 20" ................ "IL-’3 9 150 130

'l‘ankagc, “10 and 10" ............... 814, -~ 4‘12 16-5 --- 90

'I‘hrrmas (or basic) slag ............. .... 18 18 .. 360 360 . . .

'l‘olizicco stalks ..................... 33.3, 5 75 - - - --- 100

’l‘ohacco stems ...................... 21,3, 71/2 5 . .. 150

'\\'ool waste ......................... 51/; 11,5 110 5 30

Composition of Farm Manures.

Percentage

Composition. Pounds Per Ton.

.2 E’.

5 2: 5 s

00 "" .2 hi) A: J:

O Q . m 0 Q , m

1: E2 :3 r: E: 53

. z 53:? :3 z :3. 6.

Horse manure (Watson) ............ 0.49 0.26 0.48 9.8 5.2 96

Cow manure (\Vatson) .............. 0.43 0.29 0.44 8.6 5.8 8.8

Sheep manure (\Vatson) ............ 0.77 0.39 0.59 15.4 7.8 11.8

Swine manure (\Vatson) ............ 0.84 0.39 0.32 16.8 7.8 6.4

Horse manure (XVolff) .............. 0.58 0.28 0.53 11.6 J 5.6 10.6

Cow manure (\Volff) ................ 0.34 0.16 0.40 6.8 3.2 8.0

Sheep manure (V’Volfl’) .............. 0.83 0.23 0.67 16.6 4.6 13.1

Swine manure (Wolff) .............. 0.45 0.19 0.60 9.0 3.8 12.0

Cattle urine (fresh) ................ 0.58 ... 9.49 11.6 .. . . 9.8

Horse urine (fresh) ................. 1.55 ... 1.50 31.0 .. . . 30.0

Human excrement. mixed (TVolft‘)... 0.7’? 0.26 0.21 14.0 5.2 4.2

Hen manure (fresh) N. J. Ex. Sta... 1.15 0.92 0.45 23.0 18.4 9.0

Hen manure (fresh) (Wolff) ........ 1.63 1.54 0.85 32.6 30.8 17.0

Barnyard manure, average .......... 0.49 .32 0.43 9.8 6.4 8.6

HOW TO SELECT COMMERCIAL FER- commercial fertilizers shall stamp upon





TILIZERS.





 





In deciding to buy fertilizers, the farm-

er should certainly have some ideal in

mind. If there is any virtue in commer-

cial fertilizers, that virtue dtmands that

they should be used with skill.



The Law Requires a Guaranteed Analysis.



In nearly all of the states, particularly

in Michigan, the legislature has very wise—

ly provided that the manufacturers of





the outside of the sack the guaranteed

composition of the goods. The samples

that are shipped into the state are sub—

ject to periodical inspection by the agents

of the state experiment staton, samples

being transmitted to the chemists of the

experiment station, by them examined,





and report made in bulletin form, to be‘





distributed among the citizens of the

state who are interested in the question

of fertilizers. It is usually the custom for





   





, THE MICHIGAN FARMER. .





soil to run out instead of to build it.u_p.





the various experiment station chemists

to not only giVe the actual analysis ofrthe'

samples submitted in various parts of the

state, but also to frequently give some

additional data regarding fertilizers in

general, and to transmit for the benefit

of the farmer the current market prices

at which the varous ngredients retail in

the large centers.

Cost of Ingredients.



In the bulletin of the Michigan Experi-

ment station, for 1911, the following

schedule is quoted for estimating the

commercial values of the fertilizers print-

ed in the report.



Nitrogen is estimated at 1639c per 1b.;

potash is estimated at 4%c per 1b.; avail-

able phosphoric acid is estimated at 50

per 1b.; total phosphoric acid (bone), is

estimated at 40 per 1b.; insoluble phos-

phoric acid in fertilizers containing nitro-

gen, 2c per lb.



This schedule of values does not dif-

ferentiate, except in so far as phosphoric

acid is concerned, between the various

sources supplying the different amounts

of fertilizing ingredients mentioned. it

is generally conceded that a considerable

difference should be given in the value

of nitrogen from nitrate of soda, for ex-

ample, and the nitrogen from tankage,

cottonseed meal, and from other sources

which are not SO readily available as are

these last mentioned, For instance-nitro-

gen in nitrates might be placed at 161/,3c

a pound. It is generally conceded that

nitrogen in ammonia salts should be rat-

cd 3. little higher than the nitrogen in

nitrates, probably 10 per pound more,

this making the rating for ammonia salts

171/20 per pound. ()n the other hand, the

nitrogen in coarse bone and in some forms

of tankage should not be rated at more

than from 12c to 140 per pound.



This difference in rating of the fertiliz-

ing ingredients dependent upon dfferent

sources of supply is one of the strong

reasons why investigators have urged the

home mixing of commercial fertilizers. In

this way, no matter if there were no

saving financially in the products obtain—

cd by home mixing over the products ob—

tained in the factory mixed goods, the

iarmcr would have the assurance that

the materials used in these home mixed

fertilizers was of the highest grade 0b—

tainable.



It is quite usual, also, to recognize a

slight difference in the commercial value

of potash obtained from high-grade muri-

ate of potash and that obtained from the

sulphate and carbonate of potash. It is

generally conceded that sulphate or car—

bonate of potash is practically its most

desirable form and it should be given a

rating perhaps of one—half cent per pound

higher than is the case with the muristtc.



In the Michigan bulletin only that in-

soluble phosphoric acid in a fertilzcr

which is accompanied by organic matter

is given any value whatsoever, and that

is given a rating of 2c per pound. The

reason underlying this is a good one, al-

though it is doutbful if it is correctly ap~

plied, especially as broadly as it is ap-

plied in the bulletin mentioned.



Why insoluble Phosphoric Acid Should be

Associated with Organic Matter,



Bone meal contains a considerable

quantity 0f insoluble phosphoric acid, all

of which. in green bone, has some com-

mereial value. “'0 think perhaps two

cents per pound is a fair price to place

upon insoluble phosphoric acid in bone

meal. The theory Of the value of the

organic matter with which it is associat-

ed in the bone, decomposition sets up

within the soil which liberates the other-

wise insoluble phosphoric acid, thereby

making it available. Ground phosphate

rock is not associated with organic mat-

ter, consequently in a fertilizer devoid of

organic matter it should not be given

nearly as much value as is the insoluble.

matter in bone meal. In fact; it might

be almost neglected as far as its commer~

cial value is concerned.



Fertilizers, however, if used correctly,

will be used in conjunction with other

organic manures, and they will be used in

the soil in conjunction with organic mat—

ter, for a. soil devoid of organic matter

is not a soil suitable for the application

of commercial fertilizers. Complaint has

been made at various times, and correctly,

that commercial fertilizers wear out, or

burn out. more properly speaking, the

soil in some instances. This statement

is the result of close observation and is

caused by the fact that in the utilization

in the soil of the commercial fertilizers

applied, a considerable drain is made upon

the organic matter of that soil. Cons.—

quently, if the soil contains little or al-

most no organic matter the use of com—

mercial fertilizers tends to cause the





\





 





 

   





 





FEB. 24', 1912.





Granted, then. that commercial fertilizers

are to be used on soils containing a con—

siderable quantity of organic matter, then

the application of even ground phosphate

rock with its phosphoric acid cdmpletely

insoluble tends to increase the amount of

available phosphoric acid in that soil.

The reason for this is, as stated before,

that through the natural decomposition

of the organic matter already in the soil,





the insoluble phosphoric acid in the

ground phosphate rock applied is gradu-

ally made available. It matters not,





therefore, whether the fertilizer added in

itself contains organic matter.



Again, looking at it from another point

of view, it is easily possible to mix into

a fertilizer both organic matter and

ground phosphate rock and, in this way,

give to the ground phpSphate rock a two

cent per pound valuation which it would

not get were it removed and applied by

itself. In this case, it is extremely prob-

able that the advantage of the second ap—

plication would be as great as were it

used in conjunction with that fertilizer

containing organic matter.





Bone Phosphoric Acid Should be the

Basis of Differentiatlve in Price.



\Ve think it is exceedingly practical'antl

desirable, however, to distinguish between

the values of the insoluble phosphoric

acid in bone products and the insoluble

phosphoric acid in ground rock, provid-

cd, of course, the bone is a green bone

or a bone containing its original centcnt

of organic matter.



Farmers should bear in mind these facts

in buying commercial fertilizers and it is

a good idea to bear these commercial val-

nations in mind for they insure a cer—

tainty that the amount paid for the fer-

tilizer will not be. grossly in excess of its

real commercial value.



For purpose of calculation, let us con-

sider that we have a fertilizer of the fol-

lowing composition:





Per Cent.

Nitrogen as ammonia ............ 2t0 3

Available phosphoric acid ......... 8 to 10

insoluble phosphoric acid ......... 3 to 6

Actual potash .................... 10 to 12





What is the total amount of plant food

per ton of such fertilizer, and what would

its commercial valuation be?



.In computing commercial valuation, fig-

ures should be based upon the lowest per-

centage claimed by the manufacturer. In

this case we have ammonia from two to





three per cent. \Ve should, therefore.

base our calculation on the lowest

amount, that is, two per cent of am-





monia. “'e have stated that it is fair to

give to the nitrogen in ammonia the val-

uation of 17 cents per pound. If there

were two per cent of ammonia. then a

ton of this fertilizer would have .10 pounds

of nitrogen as ammonia. This 40 pounds

multiplied by 17 cents per pound, would

equal $6.80.



The available phosphoric acid' is eight

per cent. Therefore. in 2,000 pounds there

would be 160 pounds of available phos-

phoric acid. The valuation given it,

which was five cents per pound, would

mean 88.00, the value of the available

phosphoric acid in one. ton of the for»

tilizer mentioned. The insoluble phos~

phoric acid ran from three to six per

cent. Estimating three per cent phos-

phoric acid would mean 60 pounds in-

soluble phosphoric acid per ton, which,

valued at two cents per pound. Would be

$1.20 per ton.‘ ’l‘he potash, which in this

instance in the form of sulphate of

potash, running 10 per cent actual potash,

would show 200 pounds of potash per ton,

which, valued at live cents per pound

Would mean $10, the actual value of pot-

ash per ton of fertilizer in question.



Now, to recapitulate, We have the





is





Nitrogen, valued at ................ $ 680

Available phosphoric acid ......... 8.00

Insoluble phosphoric acid ........... 1.20

Actual potash ...................... 10.00

Total valuation per ton ........... 2250

The above valuation is based entirely





on the costs of the raw materials in the

various large fertilizer mixing centers in

the country, and represents the price at

which these goods can be purchased as a

rule but does not include the costi of freight

and the labor of mixing and handling.

.FLOYD W. Romson.





.—





. I ————————.



The South Bend Watch Co., South

Bend, Ind., are putting out a remarkable

book about watches, called, “How Good

W'atches Are Made." It gives many watch

potnters that will save you money. It

tells all about the personal adjustment

necessary for watches, even though they

are adjusted to run in both freezing and

boning temperatures, as are the watches

built by this company. This book is free

to Michigan Farmer readers. Address all

requests for same to The South Bend

\Vatch Co., 2' Market street, South Bend,

Indiana. ‘





 





V





 





 





 





 





. ‘9‘”





 

 





.W..,.,,,.~i, ,3» s
- stand.





   





FEB. 24, 1912."





.

vvaYYVVY





. THE DAIRY





‘WW

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





YYY.YYVYVYYYYV





 





 





PEAS FOR DAIRY COWS.





 





Analysis shows that the Canada field

pea contains 23.7 per cent of protein, 50.2

per cent of nitrogen free extract. .8 per

cent of fat. 2.4- per cent ash and 15 per

cent water. As compared with whole cot—

tonseed the peas have about four per

cent more protein, 22 per cent more nitro-

gen free extract, while cottonseed has 19

per cent more fat, 1.6 per cent more ash

and about six per cent less water. Thus,

we see, from these figures, that this pro-

duct of our northern latitude is quite as

able to furnish us with that most desir—

able and necessary element, protein. as

is the far famed seed of the cotton plant.



Peas are rich in the constituents which

produce muscle, blood and bone and con-

sequently are valuable for all growing

animals as well as those at work. The

high per cent of protein also makes it an

excellent grain for mixing with others to

compound a dairy ration. For feeding the.

dairy cows, this grain, however. should.

be ground, according to the careful ob-

servations of those who have attempted

to determine the best manner in which

to feed it. However. pea meal has a ton-

dcncy to pack and so its mechanical con-

dition is improved when mixed with other

feeds so as to lighten it up.



Not only is the grain of this plant ex-

cellent when compounding dairy rations,

but the straw also has considerable value

in this regard. The plant. being a nitro-

gen—gathering one like clover and other

legumes, stores up within its different

parts a large amount of nitrogenous ma—

terial. This makes the straw as well as

the grain valuable for feeding purposes.



One of the difficult operations in con-

nection with the growing of this crop is

its harvesting. Growers have found.

however, that by mixing peas and oats

together this operation becomes as easily

performed as is the harvesting, of oats or

other grains that stand up well, and in—

asmuch as the grain should be mixed

with other kinds for feeding it is not

necessary that they should be grown

separately. It has been found that. oats

make an exceptionally good grain to growr

peas with since they mature in nearly the

same period, and also because the re-

sultant mixture of grain is admirably

adapted to the feeding of dairy animals.

For .this purpose the grain should be

mixed so that about two—thirds will be

Then, too, in the event that one

run short of hay or fodder while

this crop is maturing, he could cut; a

\\ltt‘it' ('1‘ part of his field and put it in

the mow for feeding as hay. The result

would be exceedingly satisfactory since

the product would contain quite as much

protein as clover hay itself. It is, how-

ever, a little more difficult to secure than

the clover crop, but with this exception,

the grower would have little to feel dis-

appointed over.



The growing of peas on the farm where

dairy cows are kept would have a ten-

dency to reduce the amount expended for

conccntrz’ltes. which are now being bought

in (‘XCCCtlillgly large. quantities for the

balancing up of the dairy feed. By grow-

ing a liberal amount of peas and oats

together. one can entirely eliminate the

necessity of purchasing cottonseed meal

and other feeds containing a high per cent

of protein, and still continue to feed to

his animals a well balanced ration so that

none of the feed nutrients need be fed in

such large quantities as to make the grain

:ln uneconomical one.



.\ still further advantage in the growth

of this plant upon the farm is because of

its bcing a legume and having the power

to gather nitrogen from the air and leave a

portion in the soil, thus supplying the. land

with additional nitrogen. thereby saving

on the fertilizing bill. The excellent me—

chanical condition of the soil after a crop

of peas have been grown testifies to the

advantage along the line mentioned.



Field peas were formerly grown through

the central part of Michigan more liber-

ally than they are today. The reason for

this lies largely in the fact that the pea

weevil‘did much toward making a poor

But now that we know how to

overcome the work of the insect it need

not have this effect. By simply confining

the seed in a tight box and subjecting to

the fumes of bisulphidc of carbon at the

rate of from one to two ounces to each

one hundred pounds of seed the insect is

destroyed. The insect is inside of the

seed. The fumes, which should not be

breathed by the operator, do not harm





Hilts.

would





 





 





the germinating power of the seed. The

treatment may be continued for as long

as two full days. The inferior seeds can

also be removed by throwing the whole

in water when the seeds containing the

weevil arise to the top and can be skim-

med off, while those that sink are of

good quality. Ry taking this precaution

with regard to the selection of seed, pre-

paring the land well, and getting the

seed in the ground at therearliest possible

date in the spring, one is not likely to be

disappointed in the crop which results.



Gratiot Co. READER.





"SOME PHASES 0F DAIRYING."





 





Professor Fraser‘s address as reported

in the Michigan Farmer of February 10,

not only \expresscs interesting facts, but

reveals much more “between the lines.”



In the first chart Prof. Fraser gives the

work of six cows, representing the best

and poorest of three herds.



By the chart, the average cost of pro-

duction for'butter-fat per pound from

these six cows was 361/3c. If we may

take this figure as an approximate of

universal cost, then, since 361/30 is far

above the average of regular market quo—

tations, we must draw our conclusion,

the butter producer is not profiting largely

from the “high cost of butter.”l.\nd from

a manufacturer's viewpoint dairying is

10o unprofitable to be considered as a

part of farm economy, to say nothing of

farm profits.



Prof. Fraser's fourth chart, as printed,

marks distinctly the benefits to be gained

by close selection of best stock and prac-

tical details in feed. breed and care.



This chart represents the work of 13

cows, producing an aVcrage profit of

.‘z;~t:3.t‘~0. It would now be interesting to

know how many cows would be registered

as below this standard, in securing the

glycn 13 standard specimens.



in the absence of such figures or facts,

we note that the average production of

the 13 cows in buttcr~fat is 326 lbs. Upon

this basis I will wager a good Cow against

an old hat; that cows. as they run, will

not produce of lllc required standard

sort, 13 out of 1,300. l’rof. Fraser shOWs

that a cow producing $20 profit must yield

210 lbs. butter-fat per year,



Then, to produce an annual profit of

$500, one must keep 25 standard average

cows or the pick of approximately 2,000

rows, that is, it is possible there might

be about one profitable dairy herd of :23

cows in each county of a. state and all

cows outside of this must be, destroyed,





or maintained as a benevolence on the

part of the farmer to provide cheap

butter for the masses.



if, as a business proposition, we de-





stroy the unprofitable hordes of ordinary

cows, then what of the. price of butter

produced from the select? It looks like.

the coming of a trust that would pale the

shadow of Havemeyer and Rockefeller.

To what extent the conditions that pre—





vail may be bet‘tcrcd by breeding. sc-

lection and care, must remain an un—





mcasur‘ed and unknown quantity. It is

believable such improvement is enormous

beyond conception. It is equally patent

that so long as there is a farm there will

be ordinary cows in abumlance.



Then, to the average farmer the prac-





tical conclusion drawn from l’rot‘. Fras-

crs’ chart is, the average farmer would





best keep only enough cows to provide

his family with the luxuries of milk,

(ream and butter, leaving .to the. special-

l>‘t. the work of producing for the market.



This division of production would gain

the specialist dairyman profitable rc-

muneration for his labor and skill and

the grain farmer an outlet for his pro-

ducts at a better tigurc.



l’rof_ Fraser refers to cows kept at the

l‘niversity of Illinois, wherein tWo cows

produced a profit of 2.3 cents and another

two produced a protit of $223.27.



1 have good reason to know there are

farmers who question the truthfulness of

the larger profit. Suffice it to say, l’rof.

Fraser is not the sort who exaggerates

facts, and in this case there is no reason

why he should. There is a. greater ques-

tion involved in such abnormal produc—

tiveness.



Can this cow produce equally well the

second, third and fourth year, and is it

an abnormal production. amounting to a

disease or derangement that, in the end,,

will sap and deteriorate the vitality of

the whole bovine race, and maybe visit

malady upon the consuming humans? I

leave this for each to pursue for himself.





     





 





 





are used exclusively by





_ 987 OF THE WORLD’S

0





C R E A M E R I E 8

Ten years ago there were a. dozen





a. doctor. If you had the tooth-

difierent; makes of creamery or ache you would call on a dentist.

factory separators in use. Today Why? Because these men are all

over 98 per cent. of the world’s





specialists in their line, and you

creameries use DE LAVAL sepa— rely upon their judgment; and





 





rators exclusively. skill.

It means a. difl'er- When it comes to

once ofseveral thou- buying a. separator





why not; profit by the

experience 0 f t h e

creameryman ? Hi 8

experience qualifies

him to advise you cor-

rectly. He kn 0208

which separator will

give you the best ser-





eand dollars a year

Whether a. DE LAVAL

or some other make of

separator is used in a

creamer .



Exact y the same

differences exist, on a.

smaller scale, in the





useof farmseparators. vice and be the most

Owing to the fact, economical for you to

however, that; most buy. That’s why 98%





of the world’s cream-

eries use the DE

LAVAL exclusively.



There can be no

better recommendation for the

DE LAVAL than the fact that the

men who make the separation of

milk a. business use the DE LAVAL

to the practical exclusion of all

other makes of separators.





farm users do not keep

as accurate records

as the creameryman,

they do not; appreciate

just; what; the difference between

a good and a. poor separator means

to them in dollars and cents.



Now, if you were in need of legal

advice, you would go to a lawyer.

If you were sick you would consult:





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Every Year Adds t3 Ell?

Evidence That Quality

_I_tl E Separator l_’_a_);_s





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





in},r that the /1/,t’/I€.\lqmrll/y separator pays the Inc-pest

(lie/(Muir for the luugrxtt Irv/r. The experience of men

who bought only on a low price basis has served as a

warning against buying.r ”cheap" machines. )1 on who

have purchased Cruz! [Pm/urn Sr/mralors are actual living

proof that it is the best mummy to pay a fair

honest price for qua/Hy. Bc fair to yourself.

(let a separator that skims close for a life-





YEAR after year. more and more farmers are realiz-





time.





Get a separator that is u/rmrrx easy to turn. (ict a

separator that IS easy to clean as long as it lasts. Get a

Oi

Does

Not

Get ' in,

91:" /’ t if you want the most a separator can be—the best sepa-





‘1 rater investment you can make. The Great \Vcstern is

the only separator with a skimming system that follows

nature’s lzuvs~the milk sinks, the cream rises. There

is no chance of their mixing ~~so you get the utmost in

quantity and quality of cream—even when skimming

Cold milk. It is self-draining and sclf—llushing: there

are no long tubes, no minute slots, corners, crevices, or

ragged edges to hold milk and collect dirt. The

Great Western is ball—bearing throughout. The

balls we use are absolutely uniform in size and test

50 to 100’» harder than balls others use. The ball

races in the (ireat \\'estcrn are tempered so hard thatyou cannotcut

. them with a file, Low swinging tank and low gears with high crank,

Everything Just mean greatest convenience, least vibration, velvety cream and.

Right ..,, longestwear Without repairs. “’0 will arrange to give you

best meets your needs, no





Any Kind of a Trial You Want

—' matter what number of cows





you own. ' Test the Great \Vestern side by side with any other separator. Try them both on any

kind of milkwwarm, cold or stale. See how much better the (ircat \Vcstcrn is in every way.

See how much iincr the (lreat \Vestcrn is made—note how nluch stronger the materials are—~

how much caster it runs, how easy it is to clean and Aw]; clean and sweet. Then decide. \Ve

knowthat the (ircat Western beats them all. Comparison will prove it to you.

A t B k F Drop us a card today and we willsend you without any expense

r 00 fee or obligation ourbcautifulartcatalogue showing the (ircat \Vest-

em in natural colors and also our million-dollar 5~ycar surety

bond. Shows best methods of separating, gives results of extensive experiments and information

on separating not found elsewhere. Proves Great Western superiority. )1 oil postal today.





ROCK ISLAND PLOW CO., 284C Second Ave., Rock Island,lll.





 

 





High Base—High





Crank-Low Tank





   

 

 





 





   

 

 

 

 

 





on the size Great \Vestcrn that





 





 





 





Write for Free Booklet





 





 





“'How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully W ilhou! Mil/tu





Contain: full information and complete feeding directions for using





Blatchford’s Calf Meal ——The Perfect Milk Substitute





Three or {our calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.

No mill feed » Th; only call meal manufactured In an exclusive Calf Meal Factory

Established at Leicester. England. in l800.





 





 





I will answer in advance all questions





BARTLETT (a CO., Jackson, Michigan.





h. y'll to jhz' -._' . . .

t '1tVl arise as biggefitlsvmg overlowk Please mention the MlChlgan Farmer When you





ed the incidental of dairying





through production of fertilizing elements. are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
l

l

l

l





 





222 <14) V





 





MAKE YOUR MILK

CANS PROFITABLE





 





 





 





‘ SANITARY milk can makes

money for you in better qual-

ity milk—vbringmg the highest



price. Quality and dirt cannot go together.

.6 can must be sanitary, easy to clean

‘» and keep clean. That

describes the Slurges.

Every inside seam sol-

dered, as easy to wash

as a glass tumbler.

Nothing taints milk

like old milk or butter

particles. They can’t

lodge in sanitary





,Sturges

Milk Cans





the strongest built, of

highest quality steel

plate. tinned and retin-

ned in our own shops.

\Vorkmanshlp all of the

highest. Seamless neck

sanitary cover, round

handles of one piece. We

‘ guarantee satisfaction.

Write for Renaons.~—lf your dealer doesn't handle

them. write us direct. We have warehouses at

various points throughout the country. You are

sure of prompt shipments from Pittsburg or Detroit

and small freight. Ask for Gaming 46- '





 





 





 





Sturges & Burn Mfg. Co.

508 S. Green St, Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

it is .‘l solid proposition to send.

on trial. tully guaranteed. a new,

well made, easy running separa-





tor for $15.95. Skims hot or cold

milk; lllitklllg heavy or light

cream. Designed especially tor





small dairies. hotels and private

families. Dill‘crent from this pic-

ture, which illustrates our large

capacity machines. The bowl is

a sanitary marvel. easily cleaned.

G e a r s thoroughly protected.



Western orders filled from



Western points. Whether your



’dairy is large or small, write ._

us and obtain our handsome ;_

free catalog. iAddress: ‘irt‘ ..





AMERICAN summon co. 3 ............





 





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





3 000 000

ll til: $ ’ ’

III





I Will be saved this winter to the



; 15,000 users of Indiana Silos. Are

., you getting your share? There

-3 is another winter coming. Our

best salesmen are _the 15,000

‘. Indiana Silos now m u .





SILO PROFlEI'S





Written by over two hundred of the best; breeders.

feeders and farmers in the world. “Tells how they

greatly increased their profits." WWrite for this

valuable book and our new catalog now—FREE.

Licensed under llarder Patent No. 627.732.





INDIANA SILO COMPANY





The largest manufacturers of 81103 in the world.

Address nearest factory :

38:. Union Bldg" Andoroon. Indiana

“ Indiana Bldg. Don Moinoo, Iowa

“ silo Id'. Kannao city, Mo.

cod A ents wanted everywhere.





   





m0





 





   





 





 





The value of ensilagc for dairy or

cattle feeding is known to all. To get

results care must. be taken in selecting





a silo. The BOSS SILO is absolutely





guaranteed to produce the right kind

of ensilage. '





Why 7 Because It





IS THOROUGHLY MANUFAOTURED





and has feature: that are important

and found on the Ross Silo only.

Profit by our experience and build a

ROSS SIM). Catalog explains all.

Agents Wanted

The E. “5 Ross Co.(Est.1850)

- Box 14 SPRINGFIELD, OHIO





 





 





 





 





 





 





' Dairvmen Take a Look at

4': the Strite Governor Pulley.





write us direct. Don't

take an imitation.

Strike Governor Pulley Co.,

303 So. Third St,

Minneapolis, Minn.





CHALLENGE GHUHN





Makes First Class Butter

1 in 2 to 7 Minutes. .

ll Guaranteed. Easy running. sam—

tary. durable. Write for tree.

catalog. Agents Wanted.





MASON MFG. CO.





 





 





 





lt's~ the originul and

“only thing" l'ordrivinrz

(‘l'l'lll’ii Fl‘llill‘lliol'fi with

unsolinv cupini >4. Uncc

tried. ulu‘uys liht'd. 'l'liY

ilNl‘Z. Ask your dealer

for n “ls"l‘lll'l'l‘i" or





 





 





Dept. M, CANTON, OHIO.





for churning purposes. Ship to us. We

pay highest market prlce. flash on every

shipment. Reference—First National





Bank of Detroit. _

COMPANY. 74 West Congress Street. Detroit. Mich.





The largest. number of successful 01 ients is our proofo





Patents that PROTECT





For Facts about Prizes, Rewards. etc. .send 8c stampofor

our newlZB page book of intense interest to Inven re.

8.. S. 6.: A. B. LACEY. Dept. 89, Washington, D. C. Estnb. 1869.





MEDINA COUNTY OREAMERY,





 





by suggesting that the production cf spring

lambs, baby beef, poultry products and

kindred sorts of animal husbandry, not

omitting draught horses, would produce

as much fertilizer at a less intensive out-

lay, confinement and inconvenience, and

would scarcely lose more on the invest-

ment than Prof. Fraser’s article shows is

lost in common cow keeping,



Prof. Fraser’s charts are curious, in

that they throw light of an unexpected

character upon the city consumer's opin-

ion, that farmers are growing rich from

high—priced butter.



They are interesting by showing the

difference between individual cows. They

are practical when summarized in a busi—

ness way. by showing that cow—keeping,

on the whole, is far from profitable.



Ionia Co. J. E. TAYLOR.





VALUE OF OAT A—ND PEA HAY.





.___





. “'hat is the value of oat and pea hay

in a ration for milch cows with corn

stover, corn and cob meal and cottonseed

meal?



Van Buren Co. M.» N.



Oone can safely figure oat.and pea hay

if it is properly cured and cut at the right.

stage of development, of the same value

as common red clover hay. There would

be very little difference. The pea vines

are richer in protein than clover, but oats

are hot quite so rich, but the two to-

gether would make a hay that can safely

be figured in balancing a ration, of the

same value as clover hay. And, if it is

handled properly in the making it isjust

as palatable.





lM PROVENlETVTfiE DAIRY cows.





It is a matter for breeders to feel cou-

gi'atuluted over that there is being made

such strides in the improvement of the

dairy breeds of cows. Two of the dif—

ferent breeders‘ associations have recently

stated that records of individual cows

but lately tested show 32 cows to. have

olliciul records of over 700 pounds of but-

ter in a year. One breed shows 14 cows

mu of 65'. tested to be in the 700-lb. class





 





and above.



The Work of the advanced record dc-

pal-tmcnt «If the breed organizations is

doing much to bring the attention of





breeders to the business side of the cows

which they are producing and offering to

the public. This attention puts perform-

ance before conformation and while it

may disturb former established ideas as

to just how a dairy cow should look, it

will ultimately create in the minds of

breeders as well as dairymen a general

type of dairy animals that, will be more

exclusive of inferior animals and include

more of that large and profit producing,

class if It is possible to come closer thzm

the present ideal. But if We hth'

will eilhcr corroborate the fact that on.

ideals are true. or that we should not

put the dependence upon them that we

have and that we should go back of the.

appearance of the animal and see what

she can do at the pail. At whatever

angle we view the situation we are sure

to be. convinced that this work is an a<l~-

mirable one and that it is and shall con-

tinue to be a decided step forward in the

production of animals for dairy purposes.

“'0 now lll‘Otl to impress the dairymen

and the former of the wide difference in

cows; and urge and help them to secure





su<h as will give profits. and to aid in

the wording-out process that must be

done to put the dairying business wher—





cvt-r carried on, upon a. paying basis.





HIGHER l’auheé’so} LESS cows.





The. February Crop leporter contains

an estimate of the number and value of

the live stock upon the farms of the

country on January 1. 1010 and 1911 re-

spectively. .ln compiling these figures.

the census report of the number for 191'.)

was used as a base, to which the per-

centages of the yearly variation of the

numbers were applied. According to this

estimate the number of milch cows on

the farms of the country on January 1,

15012, was 20,669,000 as compared with 20,-

823,000 in 1911, or a decrease during the

year of 1.5 per cent. There has been a

shrinkage in value of individual vulhe of

cows, according to the estimates made

by the department. from $39.97 in 1911 to

$39.39 in 1912, making a difference of

$16,795,000 in the total value of allvmlloh

cows. This. in the light of the high

prices which have obtained for dairy pro-

ducts during the past year, shows that

the farmers do not consider the business

sufficiently profitable so that the number

of dairy cows in the country has even

.been maintained, to say nothing of the





 





pcr- :

felted our idcal type then these rel-«'>1~tl.-_





THE MICHIGAN:





 





\_‘.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





mill .. i all





 





From a Photograph Showing the Last Step in Locating the Exact Center of Population of the United States





“ The Center of Population ”

A Title that Fits Every Bell Telephone





From the census of 1910 it is found that the center of population is in Blooming-

ton, Indiana, latitude 39 degrees 10 minutes 12 seconds north, and

longitude 86 degrees 32 minutes 20 seconds west.





‘ ‘If all the people in the United

States were to be assembled

in one place, the center of

population would be the point

which they could reach with

the minimum aggregate

travel, assuming that they all

traveled in direct lines from

their residence to the-meet-

ing place.”



U. S. Census Bulletin.





It is the-point which can be

reached with “the minimum

aggregate travel,” by all the

people living within the

range of telephone trans—

mission and having access to

Bell telephones.





Wherever it may be on the

map, each Bell telephone is

a center . for purposes of

intercommunication.





To make each telephone the

center of communication for

the largest number of people,





This description gives a

word picture of every tele-

phone in the Bell system.





 





there must be One System,

One Policy and Universal

Service for a country of more

than ninety million.





Every Bell telephone is the

center of the system.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE” A‘ND TELEGRAEH'COMP‘ANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





One Policy One Jystem Universal Jervice





 





, Raise Poultry

and Make More Money





Just say you are interested in



buying an incubator or breeder



and the $25.00 Correspondence



Course in Poultry Raising Will be



sent by return mail, absolutely Free. There’s



no string-no red tape to this offer. M. VJ. Sav-



age wants everybody interested in poultry rais-



ing to make more money andhe‘ll help them do so.



As an evidence of this fact, note the Improved Jewel



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profit—paying incubator ever put on sale.





> To 'INTRODUCE





fREEIEWEL INCUBATORS





The New Jewel Incubator is aWOI‘





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Free Course. ask for full information about it. But get

the Free Course anyway.’ It tells more than you can learn

otherwise in a lifetime, Gives money- making hints that are

valuable. For $25.00 Free Course. address

' M. W. Savage. President

M. W. SAVAGE FACTORIES. lnc.. Dept.A161Minneapolis. Minn.





POULTRY RAISING





 





 





 

 

 





 





“ ELECTRIC " arms to fit any wagon—old or now. Make a new wagon of

your Old gear at small cost. We guarantee l‘it. Give a low lift—you get more

work done In less time, with less labor. Cost less than wood wheels and last

longer. Do not rut fields and meadows. Investigate ‘ Thou-lo" Steel Wheel].

memo HANDY WAGON—made of Oak, Hickory and Steel. Just what you

want for all kinds of knock-about work. Will last a lifetime. Has unbreak-

able steel wheels. Easy dratt. Let us show you how to save yourselt and

your team. Write us today for free book. Address





ELECTRIC WHEEL 00.. Box 35. Quincy. Illinois.





   

 

   

 

   

 

   





 





 





lbusiness being increased.





 





When writing to pdverflsers, mention The Michigan Farmer.





 





 





 

 





 

 





1w'
FEB. 24, 1912.





SOME CONDI'TIONS AFFECTING THE

SECRETION OF MILK.





No one has been able to satisfactorily





explain the process by which milk is

elaborated in the udder of the cow. It

is known, however, that this is done





largely during the process of milking, for

if a cow that gives regularly eight or ten

quarts of milk be slaughtered at the time

she is usually milked she would not have

more than a quart of milk in her udder.

During the period between milking times

the blood is carrying material to the cells





of the udder out of which the milk is

manufactured. 'When the milker takes

hold of the udder the. stimulation to the





causes the

passes to





nervous of the, cow



elaboration of the milk which

the cisterns from whence it is drawn by

the milker., This function being pet‘-

formed hy the animal at the milking sea-

observance of conditions





systcm





son makes the

that give the maximum of milk produc-

tion, important economically.





Where one is in the habit of taking his

meals at. a precise hour, he needs no

timepiece to tcll him when the hour and

minute for meals have arrived. His body

will indicate that. Now the function of

secreting milk being a bodily function of

the dairy cow it becomes important that

the time for stimulating it should be as

tablishcd at the same time each day. Par—

ticular dairymcn are anxious that their

cows be milked at the precise hour, and

minttte each day. If the same order of

milking be followed each time and if the

milking is startcd at the exact hour this

policy can be, carricd out to a nicety, and

it pays in tho better returns from the

animals. Establish the habit.



The dairy cow is a nervously construct-

ed animal. Anything that affects her

bodily or mentally affects her whole sys—

tem and consequently that portion of her

nervous equipment responsible for the

production of tnilk. It is a fact that ex.

posures to extremes of weather as u‘cll

as to unusual excitement disturb the sys—

tem of the animal, and from what we

haVc seen in the foregoing would natur-

ally affcct the secretion of milk. Bois-

larlguage about the stable, the

abuse inflicted on the animal by a milk—

cr with a quick temper, the exciting of

the cows through being dogged, often

reduce the, “mess" of milk one—half or

more. An understanding of the process

by which milk is secreted would aid in

explaining, no doubt, just why theSo ex-

cxting caust-s hayc the. effect they do.

Nevertheless, practical demonstration has

so thoroughly established the fact that

all dairymcn who are seeking to obtain

the largest net insist that their

cows be kept lll‘ttlt‘l' quiet conditions, es-

iccially around the milking hour.



Clean milking is another matter which

makes for the. sit-tiring of maximum prof—

it. ln thc elaboration of

cow‘s udder the fat particles are slower

in reaching the milk cisterns than are

other parts of the milk. As a consoqucihxe

of this condition, the, first portion of the

milk is very poor in butter—fat, whereas

the last part is extremely rich. Tests

show that the first streams of milk from

the cow’s ud‘dcr test as low as .8 p'a'

cent of butter—fat, and that the “strip-

pings" often lcst as high as 12 and cvcn

14 per cent.





tcrt nus





profits





milk in the





Hence, it needs no argument





to convince the average man that hi;

milkers should milk the cows clcan, for

in doing so he secures that part of the





milk most desired.





On the other hand, slow milking is to

be avoided, for tests have demonstrated

that, other things being equal, the slow





milker will not secure the samo quantity

of milk from a cow that a fast milker will

securc. It appears that the elaboration

of milk is most complete when the milk-

ing is vigorous from the first. Although

this should not be construed to mean

rough treatment.



The same argument would apply as to

the, changing of milkcrs. The cow lJC"

comes accustonn-wl to a certain milker and

often when a change is made, her nor-

yous system is so disturbed that the

tlaboration of milk is checked almost en-

tirely. \'\'hcrc large commercial herds

are kept and it is impossible to have the

same milkcr continuously milk the same

cows. the practice of having the milkcrs

rotate is followed, so that poor milkei's

will not have a chancc to spoil good cows

and also that the, cows may not become

accustomed to any particular milker, thus

preventing the milk flow from suffering

through a change. However, where it is

possible to keep the same milker with the

cow. superior results are obtained, pro-

viding he is a good milker.





\Vayne. Co. A. H.





 

 

 





 





 





 





\





good paint is a good investment.





quality products.





. I .





 





When you buy good paint you buy protection





Your farm buildings require protection, and anything that

is worth protecting is worth protecting well.

even when renewed frequently fails to protect, therefore,





You know this, but you may ask how you are to know

that Sherwin-Williams paints are the best paints.

answer is, because they have made good for the last forty

years and because during that time we have bttilt up the

largest paint and varnish business in the worldwa result

which could never have been accomplished without right





Again, we use only the best raw materials, most of which

we secure from our own mines, smelters and oil mills, and





SHERWIN - WILLIAMS

PAINTS t5 WRNISHES





Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask for color cards. Address all inquiries to





Poor paint





 





   





develop ourselves, in order that absolutely good quality

may be assured. The right proportions of these materials

are selected from time tried and tested formulas and ground

thoroughly together by powerful machinery.



Whatever it is about your farm that needs painting, there

is a Sherwin-Williams product made especially for it that

will cover more surface at less expense in proportion to

durability than any other surface covering material.





Our free bpok

tells just what paint to buy





for every surface on the farm and just how to apply it.

This book is free. It should be in the hands of every farmer.

Send for it today.





 

   

   

   

 





Our





 

   

   

   

   

 

 





 





   





The Sherwin-Williams Co., 669 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, 0. In Canada, to 639 Centre Street, Montreal





 





A GEN UINEfifi‘éfifi‘ttt‘l‘éfi





HAT NEXT?





 

 





world”—for 25 years.





Get the big news on the only self-

contained combination gasoline en-

gine and cream separator —— the

AUTOMATIC— that farmers and

dairymen everywhere in America

have been waiting for. Nothing else

like it. It’s in a class by itself.





NOW When The

Milking is Done, The

Skimming is Done





For dairymen and farmers with

three cows or more, this is the

greatest machine invented for 25

years—as a labor-saver, time-saver

and money-maker.



Read the fifteen points about the

AUTOMATIC below that will show

you at a glance why you ought to get

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your old machine.





Look This Over

for a Minute





You won’t get the whole story here.

But you’ll get the idea at once.



No man who sees the AUTOMATIC

or hears about it can get away from

wanting one, whether he has an old

style hand crank machine or not.





First Consider





these fifteen points of undisputed

AUTOMATIC Superiority that no

other separator can get around :





ITThe only Crank-less and Gem-less Stand-

ardized Perfect Separator in workmanship

and materials.



Z—The only Self~Contained Combination

Cream Separator and Gasoline Engine-—

absolutely DEPENDABLE for your work

tw1ce a day, 365 days in the year.



3—Perfect skimmer and separates faster

than 10 men can milk.



4—When the milking is done. the skimming

is done.



5—Runs smoothly without watching—for

6 hours. .



6—Engine power enough to do any work

that man or woman power can do on farm

or dairy.





 





That’s what our competitors asked—What Next?

been a 20th Century Wonder.





 





The AUTOMATIC has

No machine has so interested the farm and dairy—”cow





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





BIG NEWS

BOOK FREE





Just send your name at once for our

big AUTOMATIC Book—just off the

press for 1912—most complete and

largest book on cream separators.

Contains more money-making facts

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224 (16>





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DETROIT, FEB. 24, 1912.





CURRENT COMMENT.“





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





111 another column

Taxation and Farm of ibis issue will be

Finance. found a continua-

tion of a discussion

regarding the merits of 1110 present mort-

gage tax law, which DOIIH has bccn raised

in 1'cccnt issucs of the Michigan Farinm'._

This is a proposition upon which ncithcr

laymcn noi- sludcnls ol' laxalion matters

will ever wholly agrcc. 'l‘hosc who main—

tain that thi- 1.1x;11ion of both mortgages

and 11c rcal property upon which tho

mortgages arc H'clil‘cd constilules double

taxation will con1cud that tho amount

that must ncccwarily be paid in taxes

upon the mortgaged land, or that portion

of it which is not rcpresented by the own—«

c1".< couiiyz will be more than offset by

the chcapening of the rate of intorcst

when mortgages arc practically cxcmpl‘.

lrom laxation. (1111ch will as strongly

contend that 110 such rcduction of ihc in-

Icrcyt rate will occur and should it occur

will be coually ccrtain 111211 the reduc-

tion is due to some other cause.



If. howcvcr. 1he discussion of this prob-

icm serves 10 direct the attention of peo—

ple of diffcrcnt shades of opinion upon

this qucstion to the methods of farm

financing which prevailcd in many of the

l-Iuropcan countries. and in cvon some

countries of tho far east, the problcm

will be ultimutcly solved in a much more

satisfactory manner than by either the

laxalion or cxcmplion of mortgages or

any portion of the value of real estate

which is represented by a mortgage to

which it is collatcral security. This sys—

icm is operated through credit associa-

tions. which arr- locally known as banks,

and arc organized without any subscrip—

tion of capital stock. 'l‘hc membership is

simply made up of people owning real

estate who desire to use same as secur—

ity for cash loans. ['pon joining the so-

ciety. an application is madc for a loan

which is mado upon recommendation of

a committee of the society (11‘ So-called

bank, running for a long period of years

and at a low rate of interest, usually 31/2

to 4 per cent per annum, depending upon

other ('ODdIliHiiH. As a means of reim-

bursing thc treasury of the organization

for the loans so made, debenture bonds

are issued for which all of the property

of all of the members having made loans

through the socicty is security. These

are issued in small denominations and

are freely purchased by people who have





V while the Hawaiian planter is inde-





pendent.

Regarding the beet sugar growers this





large-or small sums for which they seek

investment.



There are thousands of' these banks in

Germany and other European countries,

and' they are associated with district and

central clearing houses or banks to facilii

tate the transaction of this business to

the advantage of both investor and bor-

rower. There the small real estate owner

is enabled to borrow money at a low rate

of interest, practically the same rate as

the industrial organization whose bonds

are on the approved list.



What is needed in this country is such

a system fostered and protected by the

state, to the end that the farmer or small

business man may no longer be corn-





vpellcd to seek loans in his restricted lo-





cal money market. in which outside capr

ital docs not compete to an extcnt which

will operate toward thc lowering of in-

terest rates to a legitimate minimum,

even under the cxemption of mortgages

from taxation. In the meantime the dis—

cussion and agitation of this question

should do much to bring about a healthy

public sentiment in the direction above

outlined.

The I‘nitcd States

A New Phase of the Department of Ag-

Potato Industry. riculture has re—

‘ cently investigated

the dcssicatcd potato industry of Ger-

many, the repori of which is the more

interesting becuusc of thc fact that Ger-

many grows about one-third of the

world’s potato crop. lermany has a.

number of potato drying plants, having

a combined yearly capacity of 25,000,000

bushels of potatoes, an amount equal 10

more than Seven per cent of the avorage

annual crop of the l’nited States.



There are two systems of preparing

this product, one of which makes the po-

lalocs into thin llakcs which are used as

a substiiule for fresh potatoes in the

household and are also ground into a flour

and mixed with (111101“ flour for the mak-

int,r of bread and other cereal foods. An-

otlicr is uscd which reduces the manufac-

turing cost about one—half in the prepara-

11011 of polaiocs for other than human food.

It is slatcd in this rcport that four tons

of poianies; yicld about one ton of dried

product and that the cost of manufac—

turing is about $1.30 pcr ton 'of potatoes,

including items of expense, depreciation.

etc.



Most of this product is used as a food

for all kinds of live stock, having about

the same equivalent value as corn for

such use. The product is also used in

the manufacture of yeast. alcohol, etc..

but being partially cookcd is not suitable

for the manufaclurc of starch. although

it is thought that a process will bi: work-

ed out for manufacturing the material

in such a manner as to make it suitable

for starch making.



This is of interest, not alone as a

means of using up the enormous German

potato crop which in some seasons com—

pctcs with our own market, but as Well

because of its possible application in this

country should our production grow to

exceed the demand for human consump-

tion, especially in sections where the

comparativi-ly high freight rate reduces

the value of the crop to a. very low level

in years of 1111.511 production.





In the congression-

The Michigan Sugar 3.1 investigation of

Beet Industry. the sugar trust,

which has becn in

progress for some iimc. the status of the

Michigan sugar beet industry was made

1hr subject of inquiry. -\ftcr some com-

promises the committee agrced on a re;

port which every member signed, includ-

ing Congrcssman Fordn‘ey, whose district

lies in the heart of the sugar beet scc~

tion of Michigan. This report indicates

a violation of the Sherman antietrust law

by the sugar trust, SO-Called. alleging

twenty—one actions which constitute such

violations. Howcvcr, the principal in-

tercst of the reader in this work will be

in relation to its bcaring upon the Mich—

igan sugar industry.



The investigation of this committee

shows that in 1.010 the world’s supply of

sugar was 17.000.000 tons, lof which 50.5

per cent was bcct sugar. The largest

sugar consuming countries of the world

were shown to be the United Kingdom,

which consumed 86.3 pounds per capita,

and the United States where the per cap—

ita consumption was 81.6 pounds. One of

the phases of the sugar problem in

which the committee was instructed to

inquire was if the cxistence of a trust

had any tendency to decrease the price

of sugar cane and beets to the producer.

The report indicates that in Louisiana

the sugar cane growcr is discriminated

against by arbitrary rulings of the: trust,





 





report says: “The present committee re-

ports that the evidence as,.taken does not

disciose combination between manufac-

turers in the beet sugar industry to have

caused, or had a tendency to cause, a.

decrease in the cost of sugar beets.”

The committee made no recommenda-

tion with regard to the action which con-

gress should take. in consequence of their

findings, leaving that for the regular

standing committee to take up. There

is a. great variety of opinions as to

whether congress should reduce 01‘ re—

move the duly on sugar. However, so

far as Michigan is concerned, a staple

condition of the sugar industry is to be

desired and the further development of

the industry is apparently to the advan-

tage of the.consumers of the entire

world. With more than one-half of the

sugar supply to its credit, it will be seen

that the bcct sugar output is a very con--

siderable motor in the keeping of prices

down to a reasonable level, and with the

increased cost of labor and greater un-

certainties in growing the sugar beet crop

which have prevailed in recent years, it

is certain that growers should receive

more instead of less for their product.

and such a condition can come about only

through the assured stability of this 1n—

duslry in which increased production will

in the end mean cheaper sugar for the





entire world.

l





At a recent farm-

The Reader’s Duty in crs' meeting whcro

Road Improvement. the question of

national aid for

highway construction came up for dis-

cussion the scutimcnt scemerl slrongly

to favor thc cxtcnsion of national aid in

this direction. Schral reasons were giv-

en for this expressed opinion, such as the

fact that the fcdcral taxcs are paid in-

directly and no one would feel the bur-

den of providing a dcgrce of government

aid for road building. Another reason

given was that the building of govern—

mcnl roads: would inspire the people to

construct more good roads on lhcir own

account and thus more quickly bring

about an improved condition of the high-

ways. This argument is one which has

also bccn advanced in favor of the coun—

ty road system. That is. it is claimed by

many who should have a good knowledge

of the subject that under the county road

systcm the townships will independently

build more good roads than, they did

without the county road system. This

may bc true of outlying townships which

get no immediate benefit from the adop—

11011 of 1110 county road system through

the improvement of the roads which

grcatly bonelit the taxpayers; but right

here is 21 freuucnt cause for discussion

and consequent dissatisfaction with the

county road system.



liven in (-ounlics where it is in She.

ccssful operation there is a strong fee-ling

on the part of the people of outlying

townships that ihcy do not get a square

dial in the building of roads. That is,

the roads improved are such as do not

bcnefit ihc taxpayers of these outlying

townships greatly. This, of course, Would

be vcry much more true of any system of

federal aid. sincc only the main roads

bctween large centers of population would

be benefited by any proposed system of

federal aid yot advanccd.



Howevcr, the ultimate solution of the

road problem w111 not be reached without

many differences of opinion regarding the

plan in vogue during tht‘ proccss of CVO-

lution. But whatever our opinion .with

regard to the soundness of the policy of

cxpcnding large sums in the building of

permanent roads, either through cash ap-

propriations or the selling of bonds, all

will agrcc that what money is expended

on the highways of any community should

be expended to the best possible advan—

tage. For this reason every reader of

this paper should have a personal lntcr—

est in the highway problem in his local-

ity, and by the concerted action of in-

terested people of each township, the ap-

propriation made at: the spring elcction

should be sufficient to meet the require—

ments and the men elected to expend the

funds so appropriated should be the meal

competent obtainable for that office.



In many counties there Will also be an

opportunity for an expression of opinion

as to the proper unit for road improve—

ment. Here, again. the reader should

carefully consider whether he prefers to

have the county the unit for road im—

provement and have the urban population

pay their share toward such improve-

ment, or have the farmers continue in

the future as they have in the past, to



.





 





Wihe eiotiremost» of such road improve-

ment as may be effected under the old

system of the township and district road

unit.





One can scarcely

The Scope of Farm'ers" realize the extent

lnstltute-Work. and scope of the

Farmers’ Insti-

tute meetings conducted throughout a

great country like the United States in

a single year. The 1911 annual report of

the director of office of experimental sta-

tions, recently submitted to the score—

tary of agriculture, contains some inter-

esting statistics with regard to the num-

ber and scope of institute meetings held

throughout the country during 1911. The

report says:



“Reports were rcceived during the past

year from 44 stalcs and territories giving

data respecting thcir institute work. In

41 of these. regular institutes were held

to the number of 5,582; 3.723 were one—

day meetings, 1,704 tWo days, and 155

three days or more.



“The total number of sessions was 15,—

532, with an aggregate attendance of 1,-

904.676. If the states and territories not

reporting equal the sessions and attend-

ance of last year, the aggregate number

of session for the, entire country will,

amount to 16,545 and the attendance to

2,074,099, as against 16,586 sessions in the

previous year and

falling off in sessions of 41 and in at?

tcndance of 321, 700. The special insti-

tutes agigcgated an attendance 011.2515 —

9.3, making the entire attendance at in-

stitute meetings of all kinds 3,327.002, or

383.818 more than in 1910. The special

institutes arc rai'iidly growing in import-

ance and intcicsl. ()ne hundrcd and

forty—nine movable schools wore hold

with an attendance. of 39,965; 62 railroad

instruction trains wcre run, covering” 35.—

705 miles, accmnpanicd by 740 lecturers

and zillcndcd by 039,120 persons. Four

hundred and filly—nine independent in~

milutcs wcre hold, with an attendacc of

130.5:17, and 1.": round—up insiitutes, con-

tinuing through 1713 scssions, at1cndcd

by 22,730 persons. ’l‘hcre Wcl‘e 303 picnics

and conventions. consisting of 260 ses—

sions, attended by 120,161, persons."





This trite maximum is

HOnesty is the often quoted as though

Best Policy. one should be honest

from a standpoint of. pol-

icy alono However, if absolute business

integrity wore 1110 standard of every man

it would not matter 10 those with whom

he had business dealings whet-her this

practice wero the result of policy or of

a decpcr and more praiseworthy principle.

Bc {11:11 as it may, it undoubtedly always

pays in the long 11.111 to bc pci'fccily hon-

est and fair in our dealings with our

fellow mcu. \\'o should do just as We,

agree and be careful to remcmber what

we agree to do. “'0 should l‘1c prompt in

meeting cm on; gagemcnis and obligations

and try to educate ourselves to be broad

minded and liberal in our judgments or

suspicions as to the dishonesty or dcceit

of othcrs. Thou we will unconsciously

build up a rcpulaiion for ourselves which

will not, only bc an enviablc personal ac—

quircmcnt but as well a valuable business

asset throughout our entiro lives.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





National.





\Vhat is known as the “Help One An—

othci' Club” has bccn organizcd in Tolc-

do as a means of helpingr to solve 1hc

cost (11‘ living problem. This club has

ordered a carioad of flour from a Michi—

gan mill and a Wholesale firm of Toledo

has donated the use of a 1n Minn of their

building from which it will bc dispensed

at cost 10 p111chase1s,city (mpmyec be—

ing given the preference. it is said thal

if this experiment is succcssl’ul the club

will go into the, work on a larger scale

and furnish the people of Toledo with

foodstuffs at cost.



The federal gland iiny a1 lndianapolis

last week issucd indictments 101 .14 laboi

lcaders in various sections of the coun-

try. who were (liarg‘ed with conspiracy

in relation to they vaIious d\11amiting jobs

which have stalled the (oimtiy in recent

years. These nicn wc1e mostly, if not

all, connected with the organization of

structural iron woikers. Two Detroit

men who had formerly been officexs in

the local union \\ erc among those indict-

cd.I1actically all of the indicted per—

sons me now under arrest.



On the initiative of prominent Red

Cross officials, 21 citizens’ committee has

been organized in New York to secure

funds throughout the country for meet—

ing the needs of the famine sufferers in

Central China. Last summer the worst

flood in forty years destroyed the crops

over an area of 50,000 square miles. Many

have already died of hunger, and unless

prompt relief is given multitudes of men,

women and children must perish.



At a recent conference in New York

between leading railroad officials and offi—

cials of the principal companies manu-

facturing steel rails in the country. the





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improvement or the character and qual-

ity of steel rails was the subject of dili-

gent inquiry. A committee of railroad

executives and manufacturers was or-

ganied to‘ continue investigations and he-

port findings at future meetings.



'On Monday, February 19, delegates rep-

resenting the milk producers of the var-

ious sections from which Detroit’s_ milk

supply is drawn, held an adjourned meet-

ing at the Burns Hotel in Detroit, for the

purpose of effecting an organization for

their mutual benefit. This movement is





~the result of stringent regulations adopt-





ed by the Detroit Board of Health for

the inspection of dairies contributing to

the Detroit milk supply. The delegates

present at the meeting represent an or-

ganization of members having about 6,000

cows, but it is thought that the organi-

zation will become general, embracing

practically all of the owners of herds, the

milk from which finds its way to the De-

troit market. It is said that the organ-

ization will undertake to effect a com—

promise with the officers of the Detroit

Board of Health regarding the board’s

requirements, particularly as to the tem-

perature at which milk shall be delivered

at shipping stations. The present de-

mand is that milk shall be delivered at a.

temperature below 60 degrees, which the

producers claim they cannot do.



Former Governor Herrick, of Ohio, has

been appointed as Ambassador of the

United States to France to succeed Rob-

ert Bacon, who recently resigned that

post.



A peculiar accident occurred at Bing-

ham, Utah, last week, when a locomotive

and three cars loaded with ore were de—

railed on a steep grade and rolled 250

feet down the mountain side, crashing

through the roofs of two of the principal

buildings of the town, killing four per-

SUBS. .



Maj.-Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, officially

known as Adjutant-General of the army,

was last week charged with disrespect to

his superiors, the major-general in com-

mand of the army, and the secretary of

war. Preparations were begun to try

him on the charge by court martial, but

General Ainsworth resigned his position,

and at his own request was placed upon

the retired list. These events form the

sequel to a friction 0!? long standing be—

tween officers of the staff and officers of

the line, so-called, in the army, and

as a result a bill is pending in congress

abolishing this and other olficcs and com-

bining them with the Mike of major-

general.



A limited train on the Pennsylvania

railroad was wrecked near Huntington,

I’a., on February 15, when a dining car

and eight steel pullmans left the track

and plunged dOWn a thirty-foot embank-

ment. Of the 132 persons aboard three

were killed and 67 injured. The wreck

was caused by the breaking of an arch

bar under the engine. This wreck will

be carefully studied by experts and is of

more than ordinary interest, due to the

fact that it is the first had wreck of a

modern steel train. It is said the show-

ing will be favorable to the steel type 01’

cars, as none of the cars were telescoped

or buckled up.



After being fatally wounded in a. duel

at Helena, Ark., James Gilbert, who came

from Kentucky, declares that he was the

man who fired the shot which killed Gov.

Goebel of .Kcntucky. in January, 1900.

It is impossible to verify his story and

Kentuckians who were closely in touch

with the Frankfort tragedy declare that

after several men had been convicted and

jailed, others bragged that they had been

involved in the killing.



Michigan labor leaders will urge the

passage of the cmployes’ liability com-

pensation act in the special session of

the legislature. This proposed legislation

was recommended by the special commit»

tee appointed by Gov. Osborn for in-

vestigating labor conditions in Michigan

in their recent report.



Arizona was last week admitted as the

forty-eighth state in the Union. The

formalities were carried out under mov-

ing picture machines with a large crowd

of visitors present.



The new postoffice bill which recently

passed the house committee in congress,

provides for a limited parcels post, and

an investigation of the general parcels

post proposition by the commission to

make a full report to congress within two

years.



The suffrage committee of the Ohio

Constitutional Convention voted to re-

port to the convention a proposal recom-

mending that equal suffrage be provided

for in the new constitution.



Chancellor Mahlon Pitney, of New Jer-

soy, has been appointed assoeiate justice

of the United States Supreme Court to

succeed the. late Justice Harlan. Judge

i'itney has been a chancellor of New Jer-

soy since 1907. He has also served as a

congressman, 3. member of the New Jer-

sey senate and as an associate justice of

the New Jersey Supreme Court.



It has developed that the evidence

against the officers of the Structural Iron

Workers' Union was most of it secured

by the aid of a dictaphone. a'little in-

strument which was concealed in the sec-

retary’s office and reported conversations

through receivers in another room, where

they were taken down by stenographers.



The efforts of Col. Roosevelt toward

saving the fauna of America has been

recognized by the French acclimatization

society, which presented to the Colonel

a gold medal for his work along this line.



A large number of families in eastern

and northern Detroit were inconvenienced

last Saturday morning by the bursting

of a large water main, which also dis-

turbed a trunk line of gas, thus interfer-

ing with both water and gas supply.



Foreign:



Ext-Premier Yuan Shi Kai has been

elected to the presidency of the Chinese

Republic to succeed Dr. Sun Yat Sen,

whose resignation was accepted by the

national council which afterwards passed





 





a resolution paying great tribute to 'Dr.





'Sun, whose purity of purpose and self—





sacriflce they declare to be unparelled in

history. Yuan Shi Kai has declared that

he adheres unconditionally to the na-

tional cause. He is looked upon as a

man of great constructive ability and it

is believed that he will be able to bring

about a degree of consolidation of the

country’s interests. The provisional cap—

ital of the new Republic will be located

at Nankin.



Mexican regulars defeated rebel sol-

diers in an engagement near Cuernavaca,

Mexico. Fifty-seven rebel deal were left

on the field.



Mayor J. W. Hanna, of Windsor, died

last week, succumbing to an attack of

pneumonia after several weeks‘ illness.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Ogemaw Co., Feb. 13.——The unprece—

dented severe weather that we have had

for the past six weeks has let up a little

today and soon something else than cut-

ting stovewood can be done. There is

no feed for sale in this county except

what is shipped in and many farmers

have not enough to stand a late spring.

Baled hay is selling now (by dealers) for

$20; potatoes, 900@$1; eggs, 30c; butter.

30c; cream around 330. Quite a few cat-

tle have been shipped out during the past

four weeks and milch cows are in es-

pecially good demand by shippers. Feed

is high. Wheat, 90c; corn, 80c, shelled.

per bushel. Not much damage to wheat

has been reported as yet as there is

plenty of snow to cover it.



Saginaw Co., Feb. 8.—The coldest Jan-

uary ever experienced here, entirely

without the customary January thaw.

Beets were marketed all through the

month. Good returns on the whole wore

received. The sugar companies will be

obliged to run most of February to clean

up the product. making the longest sugar

season yet known. Supplies of feed will

run low before warm weather, Stock is

wintering well. Eggs scarce and vow

high, quoted at 40c wholesale. Butter

around 35c. _



Mecosta Co., Feb. 8.——Continued cold

weather has held prices for all products

up pretty well. Potatoes, 88614900 per bu:

hay $186130; corn, 40c per crate; eggs.

30c; butter-fat. 32c per lb. Horses alt“

selling at from $140@200, according to

size; milcli cows from $20Qiiz40. No straw

to be had at any price. Apples all sold.

More sickness now than for some time.

No old—fashioned January thaw with ut-

tendant fog. Weather has not been warm

to cause sndw to thaw perceptibly since

Christmas, though the weather has nnl

been as cold here as some other places

not far away. Lots of farms are expect—

ed to change hands, according to inquir-

ies reported.



. New York.





Genesee Co., Feb. 15.—Beginning with

last April, this has been everything but

a normal year. April was quite cold and

damp, followed by very warm, dry

weather in May. Midsummer was the

hottest and driest for many years. The

early fall was quite wet. December was

rather mild; but January and thus far

in Ferruary have been very cold. Col-

lars froze, which never froze before.

There were also a number of winds which

were very destructive to crops. “'heat

went into winter in quite good shape.

Wheat was a good crop last summer.

Hay half a. crop. Oats, early potatoes

and early} corn almost a failure. Late

potatoes, late corn and beans fair crops.

Apples a. medium crop. Most of beans

marketed. Potatoes not moving much.

All kinds of stock and feed high. Good

young horses $200@300 each. Good cows

$50@100. Many farms offered for sale,

but not many changing hands just now.

Price $50@200 per acre, according to con-

'tion of soil, improvements and location.



course, some are held above their real

value same as in other localities. Fol—

lowing are the prices offered by dealers.

not the retail prices: Butter, dairy. 30/4:

32c; creamery, 38c; pork, alive, 6c; dress-

ed, 80; turkeys, 200; geese, dressed, ]l(':

fowls, 126013c; ducks, 20c; eggs, 3041:3114':

lambs, 100; wheat, 95@97c; oats, 53c; hay.

baled, $1661.20; beans, $2.50; red kidneys.

$2.75; medium, $2.45; red marrow, .230:

potatoes, 95c; cabbage, ton, $23@25c; milk

retail, 7c quart.



Ohio.



Carroll 00., Feb. 13.——_The weather here

is very cold; snow has been on the ground

for over a month. Farmers are about

out of feed. The farmers that burn coal

find it hard to get because the country

banks can hardly supply the demand.

Butter. 350; eggs, 360; wheat, $1.10; oats,

50c; corn, 75c; buckwheat ilour. 4c lb.



Hardin Co., Feb. 12.-—~Cold weather still

continues through our section of the coun-

try. Very little progress in farming line

now. Some corn in the shock yct; very

cold and disagreeable for stock to be out.

wheat is selling for 95c: corn, 65c; oats,

500; hay, $18-50; Eggs, 350; cream, 35c.





THE ROUND-UP INSTITUTE.





The Round—Up Institute will be held at

the agricultural college, East Lansing, on

February 27 to March 1, as announced

editorially last week. Superintendent Taft

a_dv1ses that Professor Hunziker. men-

tioned in last week’s notice, will be un-

able to attend on account of illness, but

he'has secured Professor Oscar Erf, of

Ohio State University, as a substitute.

Professor Erf will talk on the same dairy

topics which were previously assigned to

Professor Hunziker. In addition to the

regular program, Superintendent Taft has

planned for a special fruit session on

Vi‘ednesday afternoon. There will be

something for every farmer in the varied

program offered and no reader should

miss this Institute who can possibly ar-

range to attend. '





’ s .TH‘E' MicHiGAN FARM-ER.





 





 





F972





 





 





 





A Year

to Build 2.”.5 Watch





Think what that means. The

watch that you carryin your pocket

——if it is a South Bend Watch—was

from six months to a year in the

South Bend factory in the course of

construction. If your watch is a

South Bend you know that it pays

to spend that much time on a watch.





‘There are 411 inspections in the

making of a South Bend. Every

South Bend Watch must run for

seven hundred hours in an accuracy

test before it leaves the factory.

There isn‘t anything made today

that is more carefully made than





sameness”





This not only shows in the running

of the watch but in its appearance,

too. People who own South Bends

are always ready to pull their watches

out and [at you see the time. That’s

because they are proud of their

watches.





Ask your jeweler about the South





(9i)





THE SOUTH BEND WATCH COMPANY





21 Market Street, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Bend~the famous watch that keeps

perfect time even when frozen in a

cake of ice.



Ask him to explain to you why

every good watch needs the jeweler’s

regulation to the personality of the

buyer ~—- something every SOUTH

BEND \VA’l‘CH gets because only

expert retail jewelers sell it.



Vrite today for our free book,

“How Good Watches Are Made,"

one of the most interestingr books'

ever written on the subject of

watches and a valuable guide in

the buying of a good ’atch.



The price of

South Bend

Watches ranges

up to $75 (in

solid gold case).





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





.. ...- .3 _





One Man Stump Puller





Why wasn’t it thought of before? The ratchet principle for stump

pulling. As one man with a jack can raise a building of a

thousand tons, so with a. One Man Stump l’uller, you can

yank out all those dreary stumps in a jiffy, making land liand— ,

somer, richer, and worth $25.00 to $5.50le more an acre. '





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





an absolutely necessary farm tool for pulling p(

moving sheds, barns, heavy machinery, logging

tool that surely helps make a happier, liner, clcz

farm Costs no more than afew garden tools.





$25 We Pay Freight





lxcluslvo territory open

or live agents. erto toda





~or send





One Man Stump Puller is cheapest good puller made,

and operates much cheaper, quicker, safer and



handler than horse pullers or dynamite.

42 stumps ll1 half day. Another with two helpers pulls an acre a day. 4‘\lr-')





 

 





()ne farmer pulled '





ists. pulling stullcil teams,

, etc. \Velli‘llt {\3 llm. 4X ,

Lner, more prosperous ’4" ‘ " " " ‘





Send $25 now for a One Man Stump Puller—guaranteed





postal for book of description and proof.





THE ONE MAN STUMP FULLER CO.





E. 169 Ludlngton Street





ESCANABA. MICH.





 





 





 





DRAINAGE j





Make idle Lands Produce





‘2





 





 





Turn non-productive acres into profitable

crops. “e contract to drain land at; a small

cost. _If you have wet; lands it will pay you

to write for particulars. Address





 





I OPITZ DRAINAGE 00.. ELKHORN. WIS.





 





 





 





KITSELMAN FENGE





get It F rom.

-79“..be Faptory

K“Direct,





 





We make you

the same price

we Would make

the Dealer or

Jobber. That

is why we can

- saveyou money.

Look at these

very low prices.





,3

111 GENTS A ROD

2 for 18-in. hog fence.

23%0. a rod for 47-in. farm fence.

25¢. a rod for 60-in. poultry fence.

. $1.40 for 80 rod spool of [deal

Barbed Wire. Large free Catalog showing 100

styles of Farm, Poultry and Lawn Fence.





KITSELMAN BROS. Box 278 Munole,lnd





siqouassr FENCE mm:





 

   

   

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Rom FACTORY DIRECT T0 FARM

26-inch Hog Fence, ______ 15c.





 





 





’ srov'r





ROWN FENCES will outlast: h

gnigfcauselgaigfayiwf wires and trifle? :13

n e yum



Lawn fine” and’bditegv all s.





r 47-inch Farm che,_ “231/”.

F. 60-inch Poultry Fence- _ _. 30c.

. 80-rod spool Barb Wire, $1.40

{Many styles and heights. Our large Free Catalog





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





contains fence information you should have.





COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 21 Winchester, Ind.





 





Bat-tall: Prices. 13c

‘Qelivetrgld at. your railway sta’tgngogegtftoday

0U 'i‘ahe 08 ‘31:. (gee Bangle for test.

E ence Wire Com

9 Goveland. Ohiom”





 





 





 





 





GIIEIII'EII TIMI EVER!





Every Kind of Woven Wire Fence

also Wrought Iron Picket F 11

Gates, Etc. WT“. for in. enou‘Ig:

Pauli-y E Pace Ca!

1%2 F. Nth 8%.. Indhnanolu. Ind.





 





   

   

   

 

   

 

 

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





l

l

i

l
226 (18)





{BOULTRYMBEESt





M

POULTRY DESTROYERS AND HO'v’V

TO CATCH THEM.—l.





 





 





 





The mink that visits your chicken roost

has his advance and retreat all planned

before he makes a venture. He always

comes from the rear. along some fence,

through weeds or any sort of hiding. He

is one of the most important of all fur

bC‘dl‘t‘l‘S, and one of the hardest to catch.

It is found in most localities, preferring

tilcspstone bridges, and similar places for

its home. This animal is very destructive

to poultry, sometimes killing dozens of

fowl in one night.



The mink is generally found in the

neighborhood of rivers, lakes, and small

streams. it has a fondness for fresh run-

ning “’fllt'l', and is seldom found near

ponds or pools which are at all stagnant.

\Yhenover it is possible, in endeavoring

to trap this animal, sets should be made

in water. l‘sc traps of the best makes,

sizes No. l and 112;.



“'here there are indications that a mink

has visited your poultry house and that

his home is along a wooded creek, dig a

hole in the bank of the crcck, at the wat—

cr’s edge, about five inches in circumfer-

ence and twelve inches deep. Set the

trap in front of this hole. one inch under

water, and cchr with water-soaked

leaves, sprinkling a little sand on the,

leaves to prevent them from floating

away. For bait i find muskrat to be the

best, but any kind of fresh meat is good:

liver or the t-ntrails of animals will get

results. The bait should be placed in the

back part of the hole. not in the water.



A good place for a land set is in a cane-

brake or a thick growth of swamp grass,

llags or rushes. A jaybird makes good

bait, as a mink, when traVcling through

a swamp, is generally looking for a bird.

Fasten the bird with heavy thread to the

limb of a tree and let hang about fifteen

inches aboyc the ground. Drop a little

fish oil on thc bait. The mink will smell

the oil, stop. and soon sees the bird. He

jumps for it and alights in the trap,

*which should be set under the bait and

covered with some material common to

the placc.



A. very good set for mink is made bY

using a mediuin-sizcd tile. .\ stick should

be wedged in the middle. upon which the

bait is fastened. I‘sc rabbit’s head or

bird as bait. Place the tile in shallow

water so the bottom will be, covered to

a depth of an inch or tWo. The traps

should be, placed at the ends of the tile.

This set can also be used with success on

land. The traps should be covered.~



Always stake your traps when trapping

mink. if near water the chain should

be fastened in deep water, for when the

animal is caught it dives for deep water

and is drowned.



Minnesota. Y. P. COKEY.





rTHE DAY-OLD CHICKEN TRADE,





 





“'0 are in the midst of anfiother breed-

ing season. and probably no branch of

late has made such strides as the, sale

(if day-old chickens. For farmers this

branch has a great future. either as buy—

crs or scllcrs. “firm, as hatching pro-

gresses, farmers find themselves with

many small broods, and by buying chick-

ens these small batches are at once.

brought up to the full number that the

hen can accommodate. 'l‘hcn, again. as

a seller, the farmer can keep flocks of

purcdn‘ed t‘owls on the. colony system. in—

cubate their eggs. and sell the day—old

chicks. so that. lookingr at him either as

buyrr or scllr-r. he has, in my opinion.

great opportunities in this direction.



The best breeds for this line of business

are certainly the most popular brccds.

It is also preferable to stick to pure-bred

stock as there is not much demand for

cross—bi ed chicks. l have. tried both. and

from experience I must advise holding to

purc-breds of popular breeds. Of course,

the choice of breed or breeds rests great-

ly with the. farmer, the district he lives

in, and the soil upon which he is situat—

ed. Today. probably the most popular

of the sitting breeds of poultry are the

Orpi'ngtons, \\'yandottes, Rocks and R. I.

Reds. Of the non—sitting varieties, \‘Vhite

Leghorns and Black Minorcas are prob-

ably most popular, although with many

the Brown Leghorn is a strong favorite.



“'here it is desired to go right into this

business in a large way, artificial incuba-

tion must be resorted to. As a rule, from

the multitude of buildings upon the gen-

eral farm it is possible to convert one of

them into an incubator room. In doing

this take care to select the one with the





most equable temperature, also free from

draughts and noises. In buying incu-

bators it is always well to buy the best;

you will never regret doing so, as the

best machines, if properly worked, are

very reliable and satisfactory.



On a smaller scale this line may be





‘taken up with broody hens—that is, na-





tural incubation—but I have, during the

last ten years, experimented with both

methods and am convinced that, for this

line, artificial incubation is the better of

the two methods, and certainly the most

profitable. as it involves less labor. Of

course, the difficulty with natural incu—

bation is to get broody hens in any quan-

tity early in the season. Then, when

they are obtained, you must set several

together in order to obtain any quantity

of chicks.

Packing and Shipping Chicks.



In selling day—old chicks success de-

pcnds almost entirely upon careful pack-

ing. Some years ago. when I first be-

came interested in the business, wooden

boxes were universally used. and are yet

used by many, for the transit of live

chicks. However, today they have taken

a back seat in favor of cardboard boxes.

Iiast winter, in the midst of very keen

frost, I sent out chicks.in such boxes,

which are all alive and doing well; in

fact, distance seems no object if well

packed. Such boxes should be of double-

strength cardboard, which is very strong

and also more resilient and warmer than

wood, should be lined with felt and pro-

vided with ventilation holes.



The best age at which to send live

chicks away is about twelve hours after

hatching; at this age they require noth—

ing but warmth—--—no foodwand they travel

famously. If less than a dozen are placed

in a box. it is an advantage to make a

circle inside by means of cardboard, and

so shut off the. cold corners, which may

to stuffed with a little hay. Experience

has shown that a dozen travel much bet-

ter than a smaller number. because the

larger number contain more heat, and

therefore keep each other warmer; and

again. one dozen will travel better than

two dozen, because with tWo dozen in a

box they son'tetimcs crowd each other in

the corners. There are times when cus-

tomers ask for a broody hen along with

the chicks. In such cases never put the

thickens with her as she will trample

them to death enroute.



In conclusion let me emphasize care in

the choice of brccds, recommend advertis—

ing your chickens attractively, and last,

but not least. let me caution against care—

lessness in handling the incubators. If

properly conducted, the day-old chick

business will be found one of the most

protitahle branches of poultry keeping on

the farm. for often in spring and sum—

mer, when eggs are cheap. they can be

incubated in this way and turned to good

account.





Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





IN ANSWER TO INQUIRIES,





Black Turkeys.



-\n Eaton county subscriber asks about

lllack turkeys, as he is desirous of secur-

ing breeding stock. Years ago this breed

or variety had many friends and was

quite generally grown in some sections of

the country. 'l‘hrough neglect and in“

breeding it deteriorated in size and stam-

ina but of late years has been given re-

ncwcd attention, especially in the east.

and by turkey raisers of that section is

now regaidcd as a wry desirable breed.

\\'c do not know whcrc specimens of the

breed may be obtained in this state. “'e

trust that raisers who have stock of

this brocd for sale will make the fact

l:nown through our advertising columns.



Feather Pulling.



C. Ii. (3., of Cass county, reports his

chickens picking the feathers from each

otht-r’s throats until the necks of some

of his iowls are. entirely bare. This may

result from his fowls contracting the

habit of pulling feathers, or it may have

been induced by the presence of a mite,

(somewhat smaller than the mite which

causes scaly leg), which attacks the base

of the feather. The presence of the mite

may be determined by the aid of a good

magnifier, or by the fact that the feath-

ers surrounding the bare spots break

(asily or are easily pulled out. However,

1his mite does not always begin its at-

tack upon the feathers of the throat, but

may cause feathers to fall out from al—

most any part of the body, and, there-

fore, it would appear that the trouble in

this case is due to the feather pulling

habit. In either case grease the bare

spots thoroughly with carbolized vaseline

or some other penetrating ointment. No

one has ever been able to determine what

causes healthy fowls to develop this habit





 





 





l





 





M "A ShoMr Eve ry

Member Of The Family”





FEB. 24, 1912.





 





“ UR FAMILY” shoes are“Star Brand”sh6cs with the well-





known “Star” on every heel.

and counters.





They have solid leather soles, heels

No substitutes for leather are ever used.





You can soak a piece of the “Our Family” leather in a pan of boiling water

and it will still be as soft and as pliable as before. It is _

calf leather and this severe test proves that no better leather can be obtained.





It is a large line made in a variety of styles and prices, for every member of the





family—from childhood to old age.





specially tanned box





They are better shoes than any other





manufacturer has yet produced to be sold at the price asked for them.

Always ask for and insist upon having “St'ar Brand Shoas” because





“Star Brand Shoes Are Better





’1





ASK YOUR DEALER—It he can’t supply you write for a copy of the Star





Brand Family Magazine.





It’s full of good reading and household helps and





besides it shows 92 popular styles of the “Star Brand” shoes.





Rosana, JOHNSON QORAND





“





nAuurAc'rungns Branch of International Shoe

Send 1°C in stamps or silver for

postage and packing and we will

mail our Society Girl Art Calendar.

12x20 in 10 colors. by the famous

artist. Penrhyn Stanlaws.





Address

Dept. 7.





 





ST LOUIS





 





 

 

 

 





over with roomy

use the “Tycos.’





$1





 





nursery and strong egg tray.





COULDN’T Give You a

Better Hatchet If I

Charged You $100 For It





Yet My Price Is Only





All Freight Prepaid





Sold on One, Two or Three Months’ Test





0U can‘t get; anything better than the best—then why pay more than

1 charge for my World’s Championship Belle City Incubator. It has ,

won the double world’s championship in over 5,000 hatches—that makes it best of ail~no mt

__ .- ter what the price. The reason I can sell in incubator at so low a

sell several thousand at a small proilti I can, rather than a few hundred at a. big profit.

Order from this advertisement if you wish to. Thousands do. Here . g _. .- . ‘ _.

is description of the machine you will '

double world’s championship: liO-Egg Belle City World’s Champion- ,

ship Incubator has simple, perfect self-regulator,correct; hot water heating system,cop- .

per tank, and boiler, safety lamp, double walls and double door, with dead air space all

Of course the thermometer is right; I

I also supply egg tester, burner, funnel, everything you need includ-

ing valuable instruction book on operation, hatching and care of chicks.





50 Combination Offer





Gets my Belle City World's Championship 1



140-Egg Incubator and my celebrated 140- “c“b‘m"



Chick Belle City Broader — Guaranteed to raise more healthy



chicks than any brooder made. Read descrlpllon.

Itisdouble-walled,hot water top heated. metal safety lamp and



burner, wire runway yard with platform. Absolutely the most. perfect





chick raiser made today.





start when your eggs are ready. Earl

Why pay more for an incubator than





get—the machine that. won the <





By ordering together you save 90%—by ordering from this adver-

tisement,snve time—get your machine when you want it, ready to





able to buy our machine from me as thousands of people do right:

from this a vertisementl Let me send you my ortt’olio “Hatching

Facts.” I send this portfolio with each machine i you order from this

advertisement, or your name on a postal gets it.





Jim Robin. President, BELLE CITY INCUBATOR 00., Box 14 Racine, Wis.





 

 





"31‘





Freight

Paid ‘

East





price is because I would rather





   

 





 





 





 





1 40-13332





 

 

 

 

 





broilers bring biggest prices.

charge—(local) t it seem reason-





 





 





Off“





EGG CASE





My Guarantee With

Every Incubator





M Guarantee is

not Just a promise

but an Ironclad





_SELF"'RAIsmG“GATEs

'ARE THE GATES OF THE FUTURE.





No one is going to lift and drag _around an unweidly,

cumbersome gate if it can be avmded.





PEERLESS SELF -RAISING GATES





sprin up free and clear from the ground. swing eve: snow.gtass



bblsh, and may be latched ..

in the raised position to let small ‘ll'

stock passunder. Anextnhen ._4 I' c _' ,

high carbon steel frame, fillc ,

with the strongest: fence fabric - I

made. croubars 6 inches apart.

Heavy malleable fittings.



Your dealer can furnish Peer- \:

less Gates. If he will not. write .;

for catalogue and prices. :-





Peerless Wire Fence Co.

. 213 Moll. 8L. ADRIAN, lllOll.





Guaranteed to Hatch

bio hen in the world will equal this.





SamThompson’s

Fairlield Incubator





90% or Better.





No other incubator is good





fenough to be sold on such a guarantee. which proves that the Fair-



leid way is the best way an a . /. / : -,



this is the machine for you to buy., Wflr-Ww-

fig





So far I have received over 2,000 re-

ports from last year’s customers

who hatched 90% or better.





By ActualTest, the World’s





Made of fin-

Greatest HatCher 951 California

redwood. Has large, roomy egg cham-

ber. perfect heating system. It's the

most perfect machine on the market and

the cost is no more than yon would pay

for an ordinary machine. Write for cata- _

log. price list and free articulars of 7'

guarantee and 42 days’ tria offer.Address





SAM THOMPSON. Pres. Neb. Incubator Co.

65 Main Street. Fairfield. Nebraska.





 





 





 





 





.,

E

u it I‘Ii‘tl





 





 





 





'l‘lE 3% g t

‘ tin-'aQw-wo-nw’n My»... ‘vxus-n‘J-im' ‘ -I~





Second Hand





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





30 doz. Capacity $8.0





PEERLESS





“ THEY'RE





   





 





 





 





 





w... ,. 2r





fl‘JOA- ’





With fillers

per hundred





P. McKANNA’S SONS, Honesdale, Pennsylvania.





 





 





 





 





\





l





 





,r

5

l
4





'\





 





 





 





 





 

 





.





"m alarm





polled to y to your landlord most or

your llama-Earned profits! Own your own

. farm. Seouroa Free Homestead in

Manitoba. Saskatchewan or Al-

berta. or purchase land in one

of these districts and bank a

profit. from810.00 to $12.00

an acre every year.



land purchased three years

ago at $10.00 an acre has recently

c anged hands at $5.00 an acre.

The crops grown on these lands

warrant the advance. You can





Become Rich





bycattleraising,dairying, mixed tann-

in and grain growing in the Provinces

of Manitoba. Saskatchewan and

Alberta in Western Canada.



Free homestead and pre—emption

areas. as well as land held by railway

land companies. will provide

, homes for millions.



Ada table soilmealthful climate.

splen id schools and churches and

good railways.



For settlers' rates. descriptive liters.



re"Last Best West," how to reach the

country and other particulars, write to





Sup‘t 0t lmml ration. Ottaw

or to the Canadian Gov’t Merit.

W. 0. McINNEB. ,

176-163618th Ave.. Detroit, Mich.

c. A. LAURIE]!

Marquette, Mich. L





 





 





 





How to Make Money





Raising Chickens





First, he sure you Start

‘7. with the 77'th took—don’t





 





 

 





’ experiment with“Cheap"

? machines, but get





CY PHERS





- incubator: and Breeders



Write today for our FREE 244-page ”Poultry Guide" for

1912. Filled with granite! grits. for every poultry raiser-

shows you the latest Lungs! giggly, ideas. figures. etc.

Eight valuable chapters that you simply can’t afford to miss.

Explains "Cypher: Company Service" that is FREE to every

Cyphcrs Customer. write for FREE"GUIDE"now—todayl





CYPHERS INCUBATOR C0., Dept. 35 Buffalo. N. Y.





A WINNER





In 1911

.'National





 





 





Stevenson, of [helm





Mrs. J. B.

Tex , with her 140 egg Ironclad wins

in lilo. Valley Fat-me eBig' Hatehi

Contest. Her records were 142 eggs Hatching

3’7 chicks hatch





. ‘ :

moment: ”isms: C o n t 0 st

ese tam —‘





g8





143'egss set 6





 





hatched.



now get

_.._..____.——-

Egg incubator BOTH 0°

Chick Broader '-

M



, lit ordered ether. so pm night

‘4“, trial-45 year uarantee Order a





direct—«none back if not so

enema. Iiicubuhor is Calif. East 0!

. c . with Galvsn- Rockies

iron. triple walls. cop or

.an . nurser egg tester. t up ready

wi torus. grim erwi" __.

W oomy We

was. Order from this

adv. Catalogue Free.





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

   

   





 

 





Ironclad Incubator Co. Chick

Box 65. Racine, Wis. (3)



4.713; P__¢f= F309 LTRV



" w. ' [1011:1123 the 0:33;; 13in. B O O K





     





How to make a first-class

, brooder out of an old piano

’ box. What breeds lay best.

., Plans for poultry houses, how

of to feed. breed. etc. Describes

PRAIRIE STATE Incubators and Broodsrs

' You will be surprised at the valuable information it 0011- »

thins. it'sfree. Write a postal tor a copy today.

Olly. Pa. .





Prairie State Incubator 60.,413 Main St, Homer

MAKE YOUR HE NS PAY





Our two BIG sass aooxs tell you how. OUR New

1912 Hatcher and Brooders will give you stronger chickens

and will save hall the cost. Write for FREE BOOKS today

and we will tell you

how to MAKE ' »

your poultry pay ,5]

better than the rest u.

oi the farm. "





   

   

 





 

 

 





   





 





 

 

 

 





Cycle "atelier

Company.

126 Lehigh Ave..

Elmira, N. Y-





 

 





 





 





 





 

 





The incubatorthat is makin chick ' ,

hatchingasclence.“0pen ront poultry ouse’ ‘

plan of ventilation~opemngs at the eggs. Heat,

moisture and ventilation regulated and appor- 1

tioned automatically. Semi for latest book, free. ,

Write us for mating list and prices on S. C. ,

White Leghorn stock and eggs from the Mandy





Lee arm. ‘

GEO. ILLS: 00.. 1 21 2 Her-nay St. Omaha, "oh.





, - 125 Egg incubator

1. and Broader egg" £10

I “ordered together k,





9' Freight paid cast of =

Rockies. Hotwater.





 





 

   

 

 

 





 





' deseribes ‘-

Vllaconaln Incubator Co...

Box 126 Racine, Wig.





 





 





 





 





lfialiic'lili‘d‘d





The incubator-is

California Red- ggfihs 1 0



wood. covered

1 with asbestos and zalvsnued __

iron: has triple w-lln. copper sink;

the Rockies , nurse ; egg tester. thermometer ready

to use. 30 I ays' Trial — money back ~ ~.

ifnot 0.K. .Writetor Feratalog today. > ~. . ‘

Ironclad Incubator 00., Dept. 65 ilaclileJIIS.





 

 





mulls“





   

 





 





 





“Gleanings in

Bees on the Farm ,3, 0.1,...”

will help you get more pleasure and more profit

from Bee keeping. 6 months trial subscription 25c.

Book on Bees and Catalog, of Supplies sent free.

rut A. I. loot MANY. lost :42. Medina. Ohio





3.5:; u. n. my: agendas-us. rugs





erels all sold. .Mnuula itbeck Montague, Mich.





 





 





 





- shaken





i"





but it is generally ascribed to idleness.

If possible' to discover the guilty‘ones it

is a good plan to remove them from the

flock, as a change of surroundings will

sometimes break up the habit. Some

poultrymen recommend, as a last resort,

the trimming of the beak in such a way

as to remOVe the sharp edges of both up;

per and lower mandibles, so shaping the

beak that it is difficult for the fowl to

get a hold. If they seem inclined to eat

the feathers try adding a. little meat to

the ration. Also give a liberal allowance

of vegetable matter if possible. The

harder they have to work for their food

the boiler, hence adopt feeding methods

that promote exercise. '

Ridding Hens of Lice.



A Saginaw county reader reports a few



deaths in his flock of yearling l‘lOliS

which he believes to be due to body lice.

Tl‘ho hens have been infested for some

time and have been treated with a pow-

der which has failed to rid them of the

parasites. A post-mortem of one of the

dead fowls failed to disclose anything

wrong with tho internal organs. As the

symptoms before death are those usually

produced by lice, it would seem that the

loss of some of the hens was the result

of the ineffectiveness of the treatment

applied.

At this season a remedy which can be

applied in a dry, powdered form is best

since there is danger in using dips in

cold weather. “'0 can not do bottvr than

recommend a powder which is being used

with success by several of lhe experi-

ment stations which are among the lead-

ers in attention given to poultry. Cal‘-

bolic acid enters into the (full‘illOSlliOll of

this. powder and it is stipulated that the

highest grade of crude carbolic (00 to 07

per cent strength) must be used. If this

is not obtainable the creosote product

known as crcsol may be substitulml. The

directions for making the powder are:

Take tlil'eu parts. of gasoline and one part

of crude curbolic acid (or crosoli. Mix

these and gradually add, while stirring.

enough pluslci- of paris to take up all of

the moisture. As a general rule it will

take about four quarts of the plaster to

one quart of the liquid. The whole must

be thoroughly mixed and stirred until the

liquid is uniformly distributed through

the mass. \Vlien mmugh plaster has been

added the mixture should be a dry, pink-

ish brown powder having a fairly strong

carbolic odor and less pronounced gaso-

line odor.



.\])1'ily' this powder to the fowls, work—

ing it well into tlu- feathers on every

part of the body, especially into the fluff

at rear and on lower part of body and

undor wings. This powder is said to af-

fect the live very quickly, the statement

living mode that, a few moments after

applying, (load and dying lice may be

from tho {owls or dislodged by

loosening the feathers with the fingers.

Repeat the treatment at intervals of four

or five days until at least lill‘et' applica-

tions have been made. Also, at the con-

clusion of the treatment, clear out and

burn all litter which the llCllilOuSt‘ eon~

rains.



CREDIT DUE THE POULTRYMAN



WHO TRiES.





 





So much has been said about: the Slalk

methods of farmers in l‘Ogiil‘d in lill‘il‘

care of tho poultry that I bl'gill to thiul,

the farmer (loos not get credit for wluit

lie is roally doing in the way of ('ill'illll'

for his flock. I notice that farmers in

this; Vicinity are putting fol‘lliovm‘y effort

to make their poultry a prominent fut-tor

in Silocessful diversified farming, and on

most of the farms it is a very pi-otilaldaz

branch of tho farming system being; var-

riml on. rl‘l‘io farmers are building.“ good

comfortable chicken houses, keeping lid in

018111} and well ventilated, and whore

such conditions exist tho farmer is got—

tiug good pay for his work in plenty ol.‘

fresh eggs and a. good supply of chickens

for the market. I believe that a word of

Draise, now and then, along this lino

would help a lot to better conditions;

that is, praise for the man who does take

proper care of his chickens. The neg—

lectful man will soon become ashamed of

his neglect and will try to compete with

his thrifty neighbor.



Success is as much a matter of Spirit

as cf purpose, and tangible results 3‘—

ways flow from a combination of the two.

The man who succeeds must recognize

the fact that his success is due to the

commimity as rmuch as to himself. The

obligation to the community should al-

ways, be paramount, and the best citizen

is the one who recognizes his debt to ’the

community. The careless, slovenly man





 





is the unsuccessful man, the man who





‘, THE Mch‘iGA‘N FARMER.





lakes no pride in the results of his efforts,

and to him I would commend this ad-

monition: \Vhatever you find worth do-

ing at all try to do better than anyone

has ever done ii.

Walyuu Co. J. P.

THE CLOVERS AND THEIR VALUE A8

HONEY PRODUCERS.—l.





White Clover.



This subject covers a very wide field

and is one I hesitate to enter for various

reasons. one of which is that the liabii<

of these plants apparently vary some-

what in different localities; also tha1

statements made by one writer are some-





limes flatly contradicted by anotlur.

Then, loo, some of these plants I liavo





vxpel‘ience with and um

to borrow from various

authorities, but as for as possible, my

own oxl‘nm'ience is given. I am not :1

scientist, consequently this series of mai—

cles presents the practical rather than

the scientific side of the subject.

Probably the most common and the

most important, in the eyes of the honov

producer, is the common white clover,

litiltllllt'flliy known as tl'ifolium l‘opeu.1.

It may be found almost everywhere and

has given its to the most popular

honey produced. Raspbori'y. basswood.

:nilkwood and other fl'lll("_\' white honey“

are pronounced superior by various lion-





at". uni

forced





not had

Ult‘l‘efi urc





1mm 0





 





The White Clover Plant.





(—3? epicul‘eans, but after all none has

gained the reputation that while clovvr

honey holds. \‘Jllito clover honey, as Sold

on tho market, is not, generally speaking.

all gulhei‘ed from white clover but rather

from the various clovm‘s with, as a usual





thing. the white predominating. Even

this is not always true, as in many places

lil('l‘(‘ is: liixlo if any white clover left,

and {limost 1110 onlii'o crop is gathered

from the liiSiii‘.‘ which, however, is so

hourly ill,» some thing lhat'l do not be-

lieve lilifl’c is :im'wuc whose taslo is so

iinoly .lI-Vulopt-(l u»: to be able to detect

the dii‘ikxiwi-m-v. in fuel, llie name white

('l()\‘el', as: applied to honey, should not

ho runsiz-uod to moan liouoy fromihe

wimp (lover plum. but, rather, white

bunny from olovcr.



.\.< I» lbw habits of this variety of (‘lO-

\‘(l‘, i: is so generally well known as to

llilllx'v monliou of them here svcm almost

i-‘illh‘l‘lillllilF. ] will say, briefly, that it is

:i pfulii which seems to do its best in

brush lots, neglected fence corners, upon





which other

The seed is





inmlsidos. or any plat-o in

(mu-rs would do very liiile.

vol-)5 lmrd to gzlillm‘, owing to the fact

lllzli stalks or vines are int-lined 10

1'11“ iliHlliJ; the ground instead of assuming

an upn'glit position. A peculiarity of this

(*lovm' is that wherever a joint touches

the ground it will take rool.



A i’ill'll‘ii' ol‘ while clover which is not

\‘oi'y generally known in ilnis country is

rolled lilt‘ (limu \i'liilc. Having been in-

l‘i‘om across the water, compar-





lllt‘





il‘l H'l Ut'ml





alivoly few boo-keepers lmVo had expo—

l‘iOll(‘£' with it but it appears to be a

species ol‘ white clover which grows





about as large as our common red clover.

Its leaves are identical with thoso of the

red variety but its blossom is white, and

in its general habits of growth it closely

resembles the white clover asvwe know

it. Information as to whether or not it

is of account as a honey plant is look-

ing. and I doubt whether the plant is

found in sufficient areas in this country

to make the determination of this point

of particular interest. Nm- does it ap-

pear probable that its use will ever be-

come general, since its habit of running

along the ground instead of growing up—

right makes it, like the smaller white

clover, a crop that would hardly prove

profitable for other than grazing pur-

poses.





Mecosta Co. L. C. WHEELER.





 





(19)





227

THE DOCTOR HABIT





And How She Overcome it.





 





“'hen well selected food has helped

the honest physician place his patient in

sturdy health and free from the “doctor

habit” it is a source of satisfaction to all

parties. A Chicago woman says:



”We have not had a doctor in the

house during all the 5 years that we have

been using Grape-Nuts food. Before we

began, however. we had the “doctor

illllill” and scarcely a, week went by

without a call on our physician.



“When our youngest boy arrived ‘3

years ago, I was very much run down

and nervous, suffering from indigestion

and almost continuous headaches. I was

not able to attend to my ordinary domes-

tiv duties and was so nervous that I

Could scarcely control myself. l‘ndcr ad-

vit-n I took to Grape-Nuts.



“I am now, and have been ever since

we began to use Grape-Nuts food, able to

-lo all my own work. The dyspepsia,

headaches, nervousness and rheumatism

which used to drive me fairly wild, have

entirely disappeared,



“My husband finds that in the night

work in which he is engaged, .ll'ape‘

Nuts: food supplies him the most whole—

some, strengthening and satisfying lunch

he ever look with him.” Name given by

Postum C0., Baltic Creek, Mich.



Read the little book, “The Road to

\\'ellville,” in pkgs. “There's a reason.”





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true,

and full of human interest.





Highest Prices Paid for all kinds of

R AW F U R S





W e r e m it

promptly on re—

('oipt of skins,

and give fai

assortments. »

()ur attainmentg‘.» ‘

to the rank of "“"l

Leading Fur House, is backed up by a his-

tory of 80 Years, and as a further testimo-

nial, we would refer you to any mercantile

agency or bank.



0. GAUDIG .5: BLUM

l25=127 W. 27th St. N. Y. City





Importers and Exporters of Raw Furs since 1831.





Warehouses: LlEPZlG—LflNDON—PARlS—BERLIN





$10,000 Backs





this portable wood saw. Guaranteed lymr—money

refunded and freight. paid both ways li’ unsatisfac-

tory. You can easily earn 810 a day With a.





HERTZLER & 200K

Portable S

Wood aw



EllWili‘J,‘ all kinds of m-iuhim ‘ -

bt-r. Siricily factory priul .5

. joblivr‘s proli's. ()pvruli-s 0.. _\'.

7, Slick sits low—mtw lil‘HWn ii on im-



mediately iunchino slum. Only Sill

saw to which ripping tnhlncuu be

fiddl‘ll. Write for catalogue.





Ili-IRTZLER & 200K C0”

Box 23, Belleviile, Pa.





 





 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 





' Hiziiitlm‘ddiroil lloueu, l’okin and

ChOlce liHllilll lluuiiui‘ Ducks; Bull, While.

(illiiiCll, Silver, (‘oluinbiun and Pal-b



ridge Vl'yzindotics; liar-rod and Bull Rocks; Reds,

$2.50 single bird ; $6 trios;,’l‘(mlousv (loose, $1 each.

Catalog free. (loo. 1“. Hill'llllllll, llox 2M), Frocpornlll.





 





Plot-k oi' 3’5 average 20.3 (‘ZU'il





indlan Runner Dusk Eggs- in 1911. ( .i'i-ol'durkswith

order. Also 8. (‘. \‘i'. lmulmriis. Pr. v for mu~il$1 [It'l‘

ill;Silporfx'l:$3per1'ill. “m. i’. Booth, li.:i.()l'iilll1i.]llli.





mmu RUNNER DU8KS“lill‘;‘.‘.‘.:.‘:“lltifllfl'fl 52:13?





ill-rs now. .1. GORDON DRA Kill. Port Huron, .\ll('il.





, ~—.\liil(isziml foiiiulrs. prim‘s right. ('rm i,

Barrad Rocks in) illi; strain, lil'lll‘ winners. 17» to”;

$1.5”, \‘V. (Y, (‘OFFM AN, li..\'o.li, Benton Harbor, Mich.





‘, ' ' ' lilii'rwl Hooks, 1i. i. lit-'11s. Alani-

Prlze WInnlng infill i‘i‘iiill 11ml 1. lililiuul‘liui'ks.

Stock l'orsulu. Flags 31. $2, Slim-r2414. l'tility 871 per 1019,

l'l;\l\\'()()l) FARM. ll. ll. No. l‘l.(irun<l litlpiils, Mir-ii.



IliHT “HANNA, Bill‘l‘wl lim'k and “'llltu



J “'yuiidnito (‘ovkvn‘ls l'l’mu prize-Winning stock.

1'). I). BISHOP, Ilouiv 38, Lake ()dosszt, Mich.





LlLLlE FARHSTEAD POULTRY



B. P. Rocks, R. I. Reds, and S. O. W. Leghorn eggs



for solo. is for $1; 26 for $1.50; 50 for $2.50.

CQLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.





Y entire stock of thoroughbred S. C. Brown





Leghorns and business for sale. Write or call.

LEWIS ’1‘. OPPENLANDER. R. No. 4. Lansing, Mich.





° S. C. White Orpington and I (1'

White ROCk. Runner Duck eggs at farmers’ pli'itigsl:

Circular froe. G. N. BURT, Box B, 0akwood, Ohio,



l'FF & “‘hite (lrpingtons, Buff & White Legh



Barred & White Rocks, dz R. C R orns





. hode Island Reds

Fido. Selects $3. Mediums $2 Utilit $1.50 .

Sntifantiofl guaranteed. y each





R. E. limo. Willis. Mich.

Single Comb Black Minor-cos.





R. W. MILLS, Saline. Mich.

SIIAiHéR, GOLDEN AND WHITE WYANDOTTES.





no lot of onckerels S2 and S3 1. '

circular free. 0. W. BROWNING. Portl‘ifincdi Milli“.8





White 0minéton maker}; it? 311°“ 1“; in“

' ,. z . , 11' s, ‘ 1‘

$8, great layers. Lake Ridge Farm. Levering, Mich.





' ' cockerels $2.50, 83 and 83.60, fr

Willie wgaMhHe thomu hbred stock and heavy 12.1;3

are. A ranklin Smith. . F. I). 9. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





DOGS.





—Scotch Collie Pu pies at $5 each, 1



For sale stud dog, 1 female gyrsjold. 11 Ham -

shire ewes. HARRY W. GARMAN, Parkville, Mic .

TBAINED running Fox Hounds, and young hounds

bred from famous Coon hunting parents. Full blood





Jere] heifers. and stamp. W. E. LECKY. Bolmelville. Ohio.
o





Ask your 10cal dealer to show you

the OSCILLATING DRAW BAR

HEAD on a Superior Single Disc

Drill—-—the exclusive patented de-

vice that gives such great clear—

ance—that allows the discs to sow

around obstructions, not over them.

Send for the Superior Catalogue.

Insist on seeing the drill that puts

the seed in the ground—that

“Drills-the grain to grow again.”

The “Superior Feed sows every

seed.”



Superior Drills can be had in

any size from One—horse up in plain

grain and combined grain and fer-

tilizer. Single Disc, Double Disc,

Hoe and Shoe.



Superior Drills are sold under a

warranty that means absolute pro~

tection to the purchaser.



Superior Drills make good every-

where on earth—“The Name Tells

a True Story.”





firtAyzw/MVSHo/w ”Ac/rm: 6‘0.

\ ‘ INCORPORATED VJ

.Smmona o. OHIO. a St A. .





 





 





 

 

   

   





   

   

 

 





 

 

 

 





lN ALFALFA Prom.

staid“; AND C%OVER midi;





 





ngI‘N grow-





I



recommend



the PROPERLY 91:8lluelhfl

EXCELSIOR pLANTEp EACLISIOR

The Excelsior Gross and Clover Drill plants

All'ull‘ii, Clover, Timothy, Blue Grin-is, Mil-

lot etc., in the. Sl’lthST and M05 1 SAV-

N'Gr “'Al'. All of the seed (lrilied into





   

 





 





 





   

   





 

 





   





 





 

 





INCREASES YIELD OF WHEAT IIY (‘I'Ii-

T'IT‘A’I‘ION WHILE SOWING CLOVER.





on't. full to send for our

special booklet. M-Ub_ In-





ALFALFA





All Northern grown, guaranteed to be 99 percent

pure and free from dodder. Write for free sample



n which we invite you to get Government tests.

il‘his seed should produce hey at $60 per acre] an.

busily. Free Instructions on growing.





DRAIN AND GRASS SEE





Northern grown and of .strongest vitality. We

handle export guide only and can furnish grass

mixture suitable for any soils.





Win ’5 Mikado,Sable

and ongoi are the

heaviest known yield-

ers. Are all our own

new varieties obtainable from us only. Mikado

has record of 37 bu. per acre. Will grow on poor





soil and greatly improveit. Write today for cutnlog.

WING SEED 00.. Box 342 Mochanlcsburg, G.





DLDIIER ‘N TIMOTHY “5° P“



D _ a u s H E i.



Cheapest and Best Seeding Known.



Alsike, Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully one-third Al.

sike, a great bargain. Most wonderful hay and posture

combination that grows. Write for FREE SAMPLE and

our lorge 76-poge catalog describing this wonderful grass

mixture and be convinced. Far ahead of anything you

can sow and ridiculously cheep. Write before advance.

A. A. BERRY SEED CO.. Box 569,CLA.RINDA. IOWA.





r— .

“TREES at LOW PRICE

FRUIT TREES. two and three years

1 old. large or small sizes direct from

l grower at rock-bottom wholesale prices;

1 Ornamental trees, Roses, Shrubs. Berry

plants. Guaranteed Western ~

N. Y. Stock. Send for catalod.

GROVER NURSERY C0. Ell. I890 .

67 Trust Bldg" Rochester. ILY. .





   

 





 





 





 





 





 

 

   

   

 





 





 

 





First—class stock, 2 yrs. old, worth 52.00;

1 Buldwm, 1 Northern Sp? 1 Bartlett, 1

SeckciPeor, l Tartarian, Montmorency,

1 Early Richmond Cherry, 1 Bradshaw, l

Lombard, 1 German Prune,1 Elberta Peach,

1 Orange Quince—oil for 94 cents. Write

for free catalog and other oflfers.



1.. 'W. HALL d: 00., Established 1879

785 Cutler Bldg. , Rochester, N. Y.





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 





 





STRAWBERRY PLANTS

.\ Any quantity . 120 acres, 103 vari-

:l ones. Also fullline othersmall fruit

U plants and shrubbe . Lowest

prices for quality stoc . true to

name. Write toda. for; FREE cata-





lo . W. F. A

6'? Market Street, Salis’bury, Md.





WHOLESALE PRICES





“ ' rr Ros—berry Blackberry Gooseberry.

gi'ifiififiipmy-é us :lld Grdpe Plants. Il'cavy Rooled.

Illah Grade 5 ocli. 20th Annual Colologue Free.





   

 

   

   





 





THE” MICHIGAN. FARMER. ~—





 





_Y_YVYY‘Y‘YVVTVVYVVVYYVYYYV





‘HORTICULTUREi





“AAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAM~





PRINCIPLES~OF TREE PRUNING.

HE proper training of the trees is

I one of the guiding ideas in suc-

cessful orchard management. The

development of the commercial fruit

growing business in various parts of the

country shows that it is necessary to

evolve systems of tree pruning that are

adapted to the soil and climatic conditions

of each particular locality. Years ago

tree pruning was governed largely by ar-

bitrary rules and the wise saying of an-

cients, rather than by thoughtful experi-

ence and a study of the conditions sur-

rounding iho trees. There have been so

many theories, so many practices, so

much conquion, that few who have prac-

ticed the art have been satisfied with the

work they have done in their orchards.

Perhaps the most frequent cause of un-

satisfactory results has been the ten—

dency to rush to extremes. On one hand,

many growers do not believe in pruning

at all and so do not practice it, while, on

the. other hand, many resort to an indis-

criminate chopping, sawing. cutting and

slashing and term it pruning.



The chief object in pruning is to induce

the tree to produce fruit and grow heal-

ihy wood for future crops of fruit. Every

brunch produced draws upon the re-

soui'ccs of the tree and soil. The branches

most favorably located perform the chief

functions of carrying on the work of the

tree. Those less favorably located do not

produce first-class fruit: and become an

unnecessary drain upon the rest of the

ll‘l'O. The object of pruning, therefore,

is in throw the energies of the tree into

ilu- most: productive parts. The other

ports inu‘st‘ be removed. Tillage methods

hurt: a great inlluencc upon the strength

and vitality of the tree and to a. large

extent govern the necessities of pruning.

\ poorly nourished tree cannot support

:1 large bearing surface, while a vigorous,

well-fed tree can support :1 correspond-

ingly large number of branches. The

strength of the tree and its available

supply of food should be carefully con-

sidered before any extensive pruning is

to be undertaken.



To properly prune a tree one must

know on what wood and under what con-

ditions fruit spurs grow. Apples, pears,

iliiinecs, most plums and cherries are

borne on wood two or more years old,

so :is to take out all such wood would

result in no fruit. '\\'ith thesc fruits it

is not necessary to practice heading—in,

cxecpt (IS :1 special resort. All peaches

and some plums bear fruit on lllO wood

of the past season, and must be headed-

in more or less to keep the bearing wood

near the. trunk. One should have a defi-

nilc purpose in pruning a tree. A young

ire.- slioulil be trained, so that in later

)curs it will have a vigorous and pro-

ductive hcud. Ily directing its growth it

is forced to grow in the desired direc—

lion. By having a definite purpose the

skillful pruner removes branches before

they form, that is, he destroys: the. buds

and twigs that would grow out of place

and not he wanted. A sharp knife is his

most valuable tool. No lzirge branches

that are not wanted are allowed to grow

and all his efforts are toward encourag-

ins.r the tree to grow toward the ideal he

lids chosen after a careful study of the

form of ti'clc best adapted to his special

line of fruit production.



The real problem of priming begins

with the setting of the young tree. If a.

onc—yc.1r—old lrcé is planted the branches

should all be removed and the stalk cut

back to about the height desired for

heading. This may vary according to

the kind of fruit and the grower’s ideal

of a perfect tree. The head cannot be

formed until the. next year brings out

the branches that must be thinned out

and those retained for the framework of

the, tree. If two—year-old trees are se-

lected from the nursery row, the. work of

heading can be begun by cutting back all

the branches about five inches from the

head, leaving the ones that will be want—

ed to form the head and possibly a few

more to enlarge the leaf area. These can

be cut off later. For the first few years

the chief object is to train the tree in

the direction it. should grow. he peach

tree is the only exception to this rule.

It should be pruned as light as possible

to avoid the danger of over-stimulating

the tree and causing a. too heavy growth

of immature Wood.



In pruning a. commercial fruit orchard

there are three things to be considered:

First, form; second..quality; third. quan-





 





 





 





 





A. It, WESTON G co. Rel ~ Bridgman. Mien.





 





tity. In the management of the young

orchard for the first few years,vespecia.l "





attention should be given to the form

having in mind a well-defined idea of

what type of tree is wanted. In the past

great mistakes have been made in leav-

ing too many main branches, or, in oth-

er words, not pruning sufficiently during

the first few years of the tree’s life. It

is also necessary in pruning to have a

knowledge of the tree’s habit of growth

as well as the special environment suit-

able to each variety. In pruning young

trees one should aim to develop the best

framework to support the leaves and fruit

and all pruning must be directed to a

proper distribution of the leaves and

fruit if the best results are obtained. It

strengthens the stem to cut back and

bring the head of the tree nearer to the

ground, giving the sap less distance to

travel and forming a. thick, healthy

trunk. .



At regular intervals during the grow-

ing season it pays to prune out or rub

off all undesirable shoots that are likely

to need cutting out in future years. The

next spring a strong branch with an up-

right tendency should be selected as a.

leading shoot, the side shoots may be cut

back two-thirds, the ,Ieader being left

somewhat longer so that other branches

will be given off from it, but not in such

quantities as to prevent the sunlight from

shining all through the tree. After the

tree comes into full bearing, the chief

object is to secure first-class fruit in

moderate quantity. and if the mistake

has been made of leaving too much wood

in the post. it becomes necessary to re-

sort to severe cutting back, not only of

the present year’s growth, but many

times much more.



In cutting back a. large branch remem-

ber to cut back to the trunk, to avoid

leaving an unsightly stub. The best time

for doing this work is after the severe

winter weather has passed and before

bloom commences. In the large commer-

cial orchard it is not always possible to

do everything in season, so it may be

done in mild winter weather without scr-

iously injuring the trees. Only common

sense can tell a, man how much wood to

remove during the period of the tree's

(lth‘lIllllllC’lll. If a mistake is to be made

it should be on the side of light pruning.

Much depends upon the variety, the soil

and the. climate. One must decide {it the

lime of planting whether he is to prac-

tice high or low heading. Modern grow-

ers favor low-headed trees because it

saves work in spraying, pruning and liar--

vesting, the fruit and trees are less in~

jurcd by winds and the trunk is less lia—

blo to sun—scald or winter—kill, besides

the l()VI‘-llf‘£l(l(3(l trees come into bearing

iii an Clll'llOl‘ age.



.\ skillful primer takes into considera-

tion ilie habits of the tree. If it has a

spreading, drooping, or long, slender habit

of growth, lic prunes to the buds that

point upward or toward the center of the

tree. If the natural growth is dense and

upright, he cuts out the lower buds so

as to cause the compact top to spread.

In shaping the bond ii is well to keep in

mind that the \i‘eight of lllle fruit has a

tendency to spread the branches down-

ward from the center. A young tree that

appears too dense will correct iisclf in

this respect after hearing two 01' three

heavy crops of fruit. After the llelltl has

been formed at the desired height. sub-





sequent pruning shmild be directed to—

ward the formation of wood and fruit

buds. Pruning for wood can best be ac





complished by removing and cutting back

branches so as to throw the whole amount

of nourishment into those that are left.

TVhen pruning for Wood weak growing

varieties should be pruned generously

strong growing varieties lightly. Those

having long, unbi'uncliing limbs should

be pruned closely to prevent the tops

spreading too much. Trees in rich, deep

soils should be pruned lightly. while those

in a less fertile soil that produce short

branches and shoots should be pruned

more severely.



The two general types or head are the

open-centered tree, and the close-centered

tree. In the first the framework consists

of the short trunk surrounded by four or

five main branches ascending obliquely.

In the second the trunk continues up be-

yond the main side branches and forms

the center of the tree. As a rule the lat-

ter is preferable in many localities.

\Vhichever the form, care should be tak-

en that the lowest branches will be ex—

posed to the sun and light,



In pruning plum trees I would always

prefer the early spring and not wait un-

til after the foliage comes out or the

blossoming season is over. If a plum

tree is pruned after the blossoming sea-





KERNELS DP

105000 Selected 16°

FERTILE SEEDS for

I 000 Celery

I 00 Parsley

ooo Cabbage





I 780 Lettuce

750 Onion

1000 Radish



I 109 Tomato I00 Carrot

I750 Turnip lo Melon

I 700 Brilliant Flower Seeds. 50 sorts

Anyone of these packages is worth

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" Sen’d it cents in stamps to-day and

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- JOHN A. SALZER SEED GO.

. 185 South Elolnh Slnol Lo Groooo. WI.-





 





 





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etc. Hundreds of car lots

of FRUIT and ORNA-

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58 years. (22)

THE STORES 8: HARRISON 00.

Box 554, PAINESVILLE. OHIO





DOD SEEDS





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





5% Best iii TIIE wonin

mug Priooo Bolow All (More

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Over 700 illustrations of vege-

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and your neighbors’ addresses.

MWAY, - Rockford, Illinois

FOR ALL KINDS OF

DLDVEII and FIELD SEEDS.

Also a. full line of

SE En Write this Old Reliable

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Catalog Free and Price List of Grass and Field



Seeds mailed you on iippljczition.



The HENRY PHILIPPS SEED & IMPLEMENT 00, Toledo, 0.



CALL’S NURSERIES



. 9

PERRY, OHIO.



Have a large stock of the finest Fruit,



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I repay ten times cost if not true

Speciosa Catalpzi. Also seed. Beau-

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H. C. ROGERS. Box 4. Mechanicsburg. Ohio.

BEST STOCK and BEST FRUITS!

Buy Direct and Save bioney at our low prices!

Peach trees. fine at 40 and up. Apple and Cherry,

80 and up. All kinds of fruit and shade trees,



Berry plants. etc. Catalogue Free.



ERNST NURSERIES. Box 2. Moscow. Ohio



Wholesale Price to Fruit Growers



()n first—class plants and vines. “'0 have all of the



standard varieties of Strawberries“Bldckberrigs, lied



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and Black Raspberries, Crime Vines, etc.

prices on large lots. Satisfaction guaranteed. Semi for

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new smiwsrnnis .0...



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BEARE . and other important varieties. Address

C. N. FLANSBURGH do SON, Jackson. Mich.





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For Sale, Glover Seed.





Common Red Clover Seed. Home grown and true

to name. Write for sample and price. . .

COLONIC. LILL E,.Coopersv1|le. Michigan.





2 year No. 1 Concord Grape Vines $15 per 1000; Straw.

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up: Apple, PlumNCherry and Peer. Catalo free.





W. A. ALLE 6r SONS. Geneva, 0 io.





 





 





 





 





 





(true 9 eciosa.)$3.501000 . All

Bl. Locu3l& Dalalpa forest,p fruit and eyeli‘preen

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"Ursa” flock and Seed Potatoes. Strawberry plants





 





our s ecialty. Illustrated t 1

free. MAYER’S PLAINT NURSERY, Merrill, 3553111:





 





Spray ~





b ,
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FEB."24, 1912. * ‘

son is ov‘er, wherever a' branch is cut

back a number of weak‘ shoots start out

where only one should come from. It is

very dangerous to prune plum trees after

the sap has started in the spring. The

heading back of the shoots which have

made too 'much growth during the sea-

son should take place late in February

or' early tin uMarch in this latitude. These

shoots should be cut back about one-half

of their growth by making a cut as small

as possible just above the bud, bearing

in mind that by leaving a bud on the in-

side it will tend to produce a straight

top or on the outside a horizontal growth.



Cherry trees require but little pruning.

13inching and shortening in may be prac-

ticed to produce a compact, spreading

top. The cherry should not be pruned in

Winter because the gum formed in the

wound is likely to cause decay. In start-

ing a cherry tree the head should be

formed somewaht higher than is the case

with the peach, and plum. Pear trees

should be treated in every respect the

same as the apple. Yet, the dwarf varie-

ties should be pruned more severely to

prevent a, crop of fruit that will over-

burden the trees, or cause them to suffer

a ‘severeset—back in their growth.



New York. \‘V. MILTON KELLY.





 





USING ARSENATES WITH LIME-SUL-

PHUR SOLUTION.





 





 





How should one use Paris green or

other ar'senates with lime-sulphur solu-

tion for fruit trees, including apples,

pears and peaches?



Muskegon Co. A. K.



Arsenates are used in essentially the





same manner 111th the lime— sulphur solu—

tion as they are with Bordeaux mixture.

It is the general obseivation of orchard-

ists that arsenate of lead is a better ad-

herent to the trees t? in is Paris green.

Howevei, theie me still some practical

men who use Paris green instead of oth‘

er fotms of arsenic. Essentially the some

practice can be followed with regard to

pears as is followed in spraying apple

trees. Peaches, however, are a tender

fruit and the strength of the solution

must be reduced. For apples one should

use from four to six pounds of arsenate

of lead to 100 gallons of lime-sulphur so-

lution. If Paris green is used one pound

is sufficient for this amount of the solu—

tion. Paris green does not cling to the

foliage as firmly as arsenate of lead, and

for this reason it is best to use a larger

amount of'the latter than the former,

which insures the destruction of eating

insects and yet does little or no damage

to the foliage of the trees. For peaches

use about one-half pound of Paris green,

or not over four pounds of arsenate of

lead to each 100 gallons of the lime-sul-

phur solution.



CO-OPERATION 'AMONG THE GRAPE



GROWERS IN WESTERN NEW

YORK.





 





The following report furnished us by

Secretary Loomis of the association men—

tioned, will be appreciated by a large

number of our horticultural readers. This

has been a bad year for marketing

grapes and consequontly for an associa—

tion devoted to that purpose. In the

opinion of its secretary, this report argues

that the co—operation work should be

more comprehensive. The report follows:



Inasmuch as the results secured by CO-

operative associations in handling farm

crops are of interest, particularly at this

time, irrespective of Whether or not they

are successful in securing for their mem-

bers the “larger part of the consumers’

dollar” so often talked about, the follow-

ing summary of the report made last

week by the executive committee of the

Chautauqua & Erie Grape Shipping Asso-

tiation to its members, the grape growers

of the western New York grape belt, Will

be of general interest. The report covers

the operations of this company in the

shipping season of 1911, and measured by

the price of the product which was re-

turned to its members, the season is not

considered a very successful one.



The net price 0f eight-pound baskets of

grapes reported to the growers was nine

and one—half cents. This is the lowest

price which grapes have netted the grow-

ers in the Chautauqua belt for a dozen

years.



The company makes the following sum—

mary of its business for the season:



"The Chautauqua & Erie Grape Com-

pany handled for its members during the

season of 1911, a total of 1,625 carloads.

containing-2,683,455 eight-pound baskets;

86,212 fourupound baskets; 5,068 three-





and one-half pound baskets, and 17,979,—

045 pounds bulk grapes, and a few pack-

ages of other fruits, selling for $464,280.90,





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.   . .v , m;





as peeled and paid out to the growers by

the various local managers.



>Considering the‘fact that this associa-

tion did a business in merchandise as in-

dicated above' of almost a half million

dollars, and handled funds amounting In

all, on other accounts than merchandise

enough more to bring it very close to the

half- million mark, the following table

showing the office and managerial ex-





'penses will be of special interest:





Directors and executive committee, $2,-

569.30; inspectors, $2,590.68; traveling

salesmen, $3,359.79; telegraph and telev~

phone, $2,091.49; local expenses, $5,570.48;

incidentals, $3,008.28. This makes the to-

tal managerial and incidental expense of

the association, including loading and

sales expenses, but $19,190.02; or less than

four per cent of the amount of money

handled. In this respect the association

can be considered fortunate and success-

ful in every sense of the word. ‘



Getting down now to the gist of the

report, the amount which the company

received for the various grades and kinds

of grapes in the various packages used,

the following items will be noted:



Average price of various varieties and

packages for season of 191]: Two mil-

lion, four hundred and seventy thousand,

nine hundred and seventy-three 8—pound

baskets of Concords, average price 91/gcz

121,805 eight—pound baskets of Wordens,

average price' 9542c; 58,366 eight—pound

baskets of Niagaras, average price. 8.586;

about 11,000, eight-pound baskets of No. 2

Concords. average price, 80; 2,536 eight-

pound baskets of Catawbas, average

price, 9.60; 8,486 eight—pound baskets of

Moore’s Early, average price, 11.4c.



Eighteen other varieties were shipped in

eight-pound baskets but all in less than

2,000 lots. The only one of interest is

the Delaware which, in this size package,

brought but 10.10, a price entirely inade—

quate to pay for its wonderful table qual—

ities proving conclusively that the Dela—

ware should never be shipped in eight-

pound baskets.



Following are prices received for grapes

put up in four—pound baskets:



Twenty thousand. two hundred and

ninety-seven four-pound baskets of Dela-

wares, average price, 5.9c; 33,009 four-

pound baskets of \Vordens, average price,

4.990; 12,874 four—pound baskets of Nia-

garas, average price, 4.87c; 2,985 four-

pound baskets of Catawbas, average price,

5.7c; 6,612 four-pound baskets of Con-

cords, average price. 4.86c.



The general low level is noticeable

throughout the list but the price of 5.9a

for four-pound baskets of Delawares of-

fers a little encouragement as to What

real quality “in small packages” will do

even in a rock—bottom market.



The bulk stock, was almost exclusively

Concords, there being almost 17,000,000

pounds of Concords in bulk, either in

trays or in, 20-pound baskets, bringing

$21.20 per ton in trays and $23.77 average

in baskets; and only about 667,000 pounds

of bulk Niagaras, and no other variety

shipped in bulk. The Niagaras brought

a few cents less per ton than the Con—

cords throughout the season, a great

change from a few years ago when the

Niagaras brought the better price in al-

most all markets.



In a year when the total grape crop

brought in, according to the best figures

available, something over $2,200,000 it is

a. disappointment to note that leSs than

25 per cent of the business was handh-d

by the one. co—operative association cov—

ering the entire belt. The showing will

appear a little brighter, however, when it

is stated that this year, by previous ar-

rangement, the Chautauqua & Erie Com-

pany sold no grapes to the local grape

juice and wine plants, and as it is esti-

mated that these local plants took not

less than 20 per cent of the total crOp,

this raises the percentage of the crop sold

outside the belt handled by this company

to somewhere close to 35 per cent.





 





 





PLANNING THE FARM GARDEN.





 





While plans for the year’s farming

campaign are being made, the farm gar-

den must not be neglected. The garden

can be made the source of much satis-

faction and comfort as well as a saving

of money and should not be neglected

upon any farm. But if it is to be such

a garden as will meet these requirements

it must be planned upon in advance, else

it will very likely fail in meeting them

properly. A few loads of stable manure,

a small amount of money invested in gar-

den seeds and a few half days of time

devoted to the farm garden wilr repay

one hundred fold for the entire cost.

A good garden is always a, source of

pleasure and profit.





 





 





Monitor

Double DiSc-

Drill

' The Drill That Pays for Itself





It requires one-fifth less seed. It increases the yield.

It raises the grade.





How P





The Monitor is the only Drill that deposits the seed at the bottom of the





furrow in two rows, at an even depth, with a uniform covering of moist earth.



By this method you secure more normal plants to the acre, as all the seed

grows; comes up at the same time; has ample room to stool; withstands drouth;

and matures evenly.



This is accomplished by our patented device, which drops the seed in front

of the bearing with the downward turn of the disc.



Our Drill folder shows illustrations in colors of actual results.



Let us send you FREE, this folder and our FLYING

DUTCHMAN ALMANAC.

Write today





MOLINE PLOW COMPANY

MOLINE, ILLINOIS





Department No. ‘26.





 





 





Qaulity You Catn’ Equal

—a Price You Can’t Beat!





Let us .111sz you! Send name on postal for book

DirQCI From and price. Detroit- American is first {rcnm'flc tongue-

Factory





less disc ever imcntcdl ltcaturcs protected {01 17



. years by [mm/1... All other “tonguclcss' disCs are

Freight

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' Get our big book which fully

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AMERICAN HARROW COMPANY

. Detroit, Michigan





 

   

 

 

 





I the Genuine—All

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The Standard Stamplnd Co





 





 





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Burpee—Quality. 2





 





 





ave the best garden possible and who are

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DIAMOND JOE'S BIG WHITE—A strictly new variety. None like it.

[i (id 11.

ILLUdeTMTEDm FARM AN D GARDEN SEED CATALOG mailed FREE. A postal card will





BUSHEL CRATES.





I have a few hundred No.1 bushel crates that; I will

close out for 11 cents nailed up, or 9 cents in fla 1:.

Send for cuts. Will Allen. Route No. 8, Howell, Mich.





 





grain. (Also not. 10 that at belt mills)





 





th Ml

11111111011 tartar-15:13:13“-





MIL—Booklet on'FOIIII ‘





 





It is the Earliest and Ben Biz White

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, ,. Hardy Canadian.

(til/,1? Oi"? ‘ . Grow“

’5 reason





Wit





 





   





HANDSOME

white variety,

early. ust resistant. strongyastiff

straw, thin hull, heavy meat,

soft nib, white berry. We offer

hardy Canadian grown seed,

weighing 44 lbs. to the measured

bushel; very fine in appearance

‘ and of superb quality. No grower can

afi'ord to plant. ordinary oats when seed

of this quality may be obtained.

Bu. nf 32 lbs., $1.35; 2 bu. at $1.2o'

10 bus. at 31.20; F. O. B. Minneapolis.





Sold by Over 12,000 Merchants





For the convenience of planters we furnish

dealers With our up-to—date seed cabinet

containing 9. full assortment of Sterling

vegetable and flower seeds. Most dealers

also carry a stock of our heavier seedsin

bulk, orwill obtain them for you. If no

dealer in your community sells our seeds or

will not get them for you, order of us.





Read About Oats in Our 1912 Catalogue





This book contains 144 pages of

vlaluablefiniorlmation for ({Yl‘l‘); N-Kmi

under 0 sect s. nit are istct



iiardy varieties of vegetable, Slllllmfi

flower, field and grass seeds, as ‘9?)

well as shrubs, roots, plants,

garden requisites, fertilizers,

poultry supplies, etc. Write for

it today. Free to every planter. "Au: MARK





NORTHRUP, KING 8: 00., Seedsmen





654 Bridge Square, Minneapolis. Minn.





 





 

 

 

 





tl





inn





 





 





 





 





\





lt_il_l the

Scale *





with the one most re-

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the SAN JOSE ScALE. ‘3:





Spray NOW with i





BOWKER’S

LIME-SULPHUR





Write for Book and Price List to





BO WKER INSE C TICIDE C0.

\ BOSTON. MASS. ,





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





3 We ship also from 1/

\ Baltimore, Md. and Cincinnati, 0





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Bigger if Fruit lirofils





“Here is a spray pump invented

by fruit growers. it was our

endeavor to secure the best

spray pump to use on our

300 acre fruit farm that

produced the





EGLIPSE





SPRAY PUMP





It overcomes eve defect found

in other makes—it as roved it-

self best in actual wor . Put an

Eclipse to work on your trees and

earn bigger profits. Write for our

fully illustrated catalogue. It tells

why you should spray—and why

you should do it with an Eclipse.

It’s free. Write to-day.





non-u. a. MORLEY use. co.. Benton Harbor. Mich.

SPRAY FRUITS AND ,

FIELD CROPS





and do whitewashmg in most edectuul, economics],

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"AND OR



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and valuable spraying guide in our Free Book.



erto postal new.



THE E. c. BROWN COMPANY



32 Joy BL,Rochcater, N. Y-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





   

 

 





v t





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1.3

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..__ oiilx'fivéws





J Sixty Years the National Standard-

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State in the Union. also in Canada_an_d

Mexico. Produced on 600 acres--rich llIInots



land—no branches—all “Bloomington” grown.

Trees. Small Fruits, Roses. Shrubs. Plants—the

best of everything for Lawn. Garden and Orchard.

DEAL DIRECT—we pay freight. guarantee safe

arrival. Save you one-half. Write for tic—page Book

No. 39. Tell: you what and how to plant — mailed free.





PHOENIX NURSERY C01 Bloomington, Illinois.





nu Buy direct trom grower—enormous

all!“ saving —better trees. Apple — one

5 year tops on three (year roots. 80¢ per

to. $70 per M. ther fruit equally

low. Five new Strawberry Plants

for testing tree on request. We guarantee

satisfaction. 'We ay freight.

Galbraith Nursery 0.. Box 67. lairburleeb.





   

 





     





 





THEMICHIGAN "FARMER. '





LEASING ORCHARDS AS A BUSINESS.





(Continued from first page).

arose between the tenant and the owner

over their verbal agreement as to their

respective shares of the fruit. If our

contract had defined the rights of the

tenant as well as of the other two par-

ties this would have been avoided





(2). The contract should include the

location and description of the orchard.

\\'e usually locate this after the method

of land descriphon and give approximate

number of trees, also stating if any other

than apple trees are included.



(3). The pericd covered by the con-

tract should be stated. Nearly all our

contracts are for six years. \l'e make

tin term even as it gives both of us an

even chance on the “off years.” i would

prefer to begin with a run—down orchard

on the “off year" as it gives a chance to

put it in beltxr condition for a heavy

crop the socond year. I should prefer

not to lease a badly neglected orchard

for less than five or six years,



(ll. ’l‘he agrecments or concessions of

the renter should be carefully defined.

These should include definite agreements

as to pruning, burning brush, cultivating,

mulching, mowing, thinning, removing

undesirable trees. harvesting and mar—

keting fruit, etc. The owner should see

‘llmt the contract is sufficiently explicit

as regards spraying so that the orchard

will be, kept reasonably free from scale,

and it' the lease is a share lease other (le—





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





docality in this way.





tails of care. harvesting, and marketing

lshould be covered.



l (5). The agrcemems or concessions of

ithc owner (and tenant, if ihcre be one),

should form another clause in the con-

tract. 'l‘licse should include such pro-

visions as access to the orcahrd at all

times, also to the. water supply for spray-

ing, buildings for storage of fruit or puck-

ag‘cs or for stabling horses, agreements

as to board and horse feed while work-

ing on the orcabrd, fertilizers, mulch ma—

terials, use of owner's or tenant's tools,

cultivation, cropping or pasture, fences

and confining of stock, rooting of hogs.

and any other dciails for which it may be

toresecu that occasion may arise.



Hur orchards are all leased with privi—

lege of paslurago of sheep and hogs dur-

ing the spring and summer. '\\'ith some.

the dates of removing them are stated, in

others it is optional with us. The pas—

turage problem has caused us consider-

able annoyance. Owners. or more, often

tenants, are careless about turning out

stock when they should, or do not keep

up i'cnccs Well and stock breaks into the

orchard. lf possible to make such a con-

tract we. would exclude stock altogether,

but one could rent few orchards in our

l-logs cause the

most trouble by rooting the ground, mak-

ing it inconvenient in spraying and har-

vesting the fruit. “'e now put in a spe—

cial rooting clause covering this point.

11‘ possible, the renter should see that

water is pumped into an ample storage

tank by mill or engine. Life is too Short

to pump it by hand for extensive spray-

ing. It is well to provide for storage

facilities and stable room, if possible, for

these may be needed, also agreements as

to board and horse feed if these are to

be furnished by the owner. The ques-

tions of cultivation, fertilization and

mulch material should be settled. In one

orchard we get the wheat straw grown

on a portion of the farm for this purpose,

on another we get barnyard manure.



(til. Finally, the consideration should

be stated. if the orchard is leased for

:1 cash rental the. amount and time of

payment should be. stated, if on shares;

illt‘ portion and grade of fruit and di—

vision of varcties. Agreements as to di-

vxsion of drops and cider apples should

be included, also whether owner or renter

is to pick and deliver owner’s share. The





ing. or marketing between owner and

the renter, and full authority of mar—

keting should rest with one or the other

party, preferably the renter. Share leaf:-

ing makes a more complicated contract

than cash rental.



Most of our smaller orchards are leased

for a rental of from ten to twenty—five

bushels of Winter apples, tree run with a

proviso that this shall mt exceed one—

fourth of any crop. These orchards have

from 25 to 100 trees each. Privilege of

pasturage for hogs and sheep usually

until September 1 is granted. also sum-

pier and fall apples and cider apples for

family use. These owners are getting all

the good fruit they can use without ef-

fort on their part, and their orchards are

improving, both of which were not true

before leasing them. Another orchard of





 





division of all expenses of care, harvest—-





100 trees in better condition is rented as

above with an additional cash rental of

$50 annually. The care of. another or-

chard is charged to the owner. He and

the tenant take fruit for their own use

and we harvest the balance on halves.

Two orchards of 100 and 175 trees re-

spectively are leased on shares. We keep

an accurate account of all expense put

upon the orchards, including pruning,

spraying, harvesting and marketing the

fruit, packages, etc. This is deducted

from the proceeds and the balance (livid—

ed one-third to the owner and two-thirds

to the renter. If the proceeds of any

season are not equal to the expenses the

renter must stand the deficiency. This

plan requires a very complete contract,

it being necessary to specify the wages

chargeable, and many other details and

requires a. complete and systematic keep-

ing of accounts, but these orchards could

not be. leased in any other way. The

owner of one. of these «‘irchards will re-

ceive a small balance this season, while

lllc other one will receive as much as the

renter would feel like paying for the en-

tire term of the contract on a cash basis.



This brings us to the fourth and per-

haps the most interesting division of the

subject. liftiiicl)‘ tltc financial prospect.

\\'ill orchard leasing pay the owner, the

renter, or both?



So far as the owner is concerned, we

must presume that he would not or could

not give the orchard proper care himself,

otherwise we would iitll lease it. His

choice, then, is between the entire in-

come from a neglected Hl‘t"il:'ll‘(l, or a H" —

sonuble cash rental or share. of the, fruit

or proceeds from the orchard when cared

for. in every instance in our experience

the owner has been a gainer by leasing

the orchard as compared with his income

from-it before. lcasing. \\'ithout effort

on his part ho is assured of good fruit,

:1 cash income, or both; while under the

former regime in: rccrivcd nothing, or at

most some poor fruit.



The income of lllt,‘ rcnter will vary with

the conditions prcvi rusly mentioned, but

with a reasonably favorable opportunity

I believe his prospect of a fair profit is

better than in any other line of work he

can take up with an equal amount of

capital.



Calhoun Co. S. B. IIARTMAN.

WORK WITH A SERIOUS LETTUCE



DISEASE.



A disease known as Sclcrotinia liber-

iiana which attacks the lettuce plant and

does much damage, has greatly reduced

the profits of many growers of the east-

ern states and promises to become an imw

posing enemy to the crop unless careful

treatment is given.



The North (‘arolina Station tried var-

ious mcthods for the control of the dis-

caSc, such as soil disinfection by heat or

by chemical solutions. mulching, etc.,

but none of them seemed very satisfac-

tory. -\n experimt’nt was then under

taken in which lettuce beds were thor-

oughly inoculated with sclerotia and seed-

ed to lettuce. The beds were examined

and as soon as a diseased plant appeared

it was rcmovod and the ground about it

drenched with llt‘irdeaux mixturo or a so-

lution of copper sulphate. Officials of the

station believe that the disease. may be

controlled by a careful inspection of the

lettuce beds every other day and pulling

up and burning all diseased plants. The

place in the bed from which the plants

are removed shouid be drenched with

Bordeaux mixture or sulphate of copper

solution, and the inspection continued

throughout the season. The next year

the. same. treatment should be followed

and it is thought probable that two years





 





 





of this treatment will almost, if not en- ,





tircly eradicate the disease.





TRAMP SNOW ABOUT YOUNG TREES.





 





“'here a mulch, heavy crop of weeds or '





some sown crop has lodged over the or-

chard and become covered with snow, an

excellent harbor is made for mice. They

burrow channels about from one place to

another, gather small seeds for food and

pass the winter comfortably. However,

they seem to enjoy a better balanced ra-

tion than that furnished by dry seeds,

and seek to get all they can of green}

stuff, the tender growing bark of young

peach, apple and other fruit trees being

particularly relished by them in the cold

months of winter. The damage resulting;

from their gnawing is apt to be serious,





and should be provided against. By]

tramping the snow firmly about the trees

it: will be found that the rodents will not

trouble the bark further. They do not

appear able or have an inclination to,

burrow through the packed snow to get.

at the tree.





 





’i





"FEB. 24, 1912'





»





YOUR BIG”MON EY

CROP‘iIS YOUR

APPLE CROP





You can make more profit from the

fruit you grow on your form than from

anything else you can raise—and

with less time than you must devote

to making a crop of wheat,

oats, corn or potato e_s.

Apples, for instance, wdl

earn you 8200 to 8500 and

more per acre—not once

in a while, but on a regu-

lar average; not in some

far-away place, but right

in your own locality.



,You can prove this in

your own orchard, this

year. With a few pruning

tools, a little fertilizer, a plow, and a





D e m i n g

Spray Pump

0 0") you can work wonders,

fifilfiflofij bringing our trees into

i a good, ealthy condi-

fiim tion, so that they will

begin to hear such fruit

as you read about. Of

course, you should start new orchards,

too; but you can make money from the

old trees while the new ones are





coming to bearing—and for a good

while afterward.





flow to Make Money,





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





Your 9111 Orchard.





“How the Old Orchard

‘ Paid," tells how .

'one Pennsylvania

former has taken a

Deming Spray Pump and

some good ideas and has

made money. His story will

interest you, because the

methods he used are open

to you, too. Send for this

book and our new Cata-

logue, or ask your dealer

for full particulars

about Deming

outfits. If he

does not handle

them, write us.





THE ”EMING COMPANY

255 Success Building - - SALEM, 01110

Manufacturers of Pumps for All Uses

AGENTS EVERYWHERE





START GROWING FINE- FRUIT

on THE TREES YOUHAVE now





“Improved Sunshine" Sprayer





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 





 

 





 

 





   

 





 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 





Simplest; and most; effective made.

Any one can use it. Solid brass up-

per and lower cylinders. All brass

plunger. Brass valve seat and ex-

tra large air chamber. Guaranteed.





All others have but two. Makes the

work easy. Simple to operate and

produces a. constant uniform spray.

Send for descriptive circular.



C RESTLINE MFG. COMPANY

DE". 15 Cassnmc. OHIO





 





 

 

 





 





Plant the quality grape





CATAWBA - CONCORD





The grape for everybody everywhere.

A cross between the Catawba. and the Concord—so

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ority. Has received awards wherever shown.

Write at once for large descriptive enta-

log of Raspberries, Blackberries. Grapes.

Strawberries. Currants, Gooseberries. Gor-

den Roots, Hardy Perennial Plan ts, Shrubs,

Vines. Roses. etc. It. tells how to plant

and grow them—Ire. to ovorybody.





 





Only Ann-tor Mode Having Four Puddles .





 





J. 1. mm, x 161m m,





   

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





Buy (ll-

rect from no





 

 

   

   

 

   





. ity and Genesee Valley

' - grown. where male is unknown.

. [2 PEACH TREES. 99c.



8 Elberta, 2 E. Crawford, 3 L. Crawford,

2 Champion, 1 Carmen. 1 Early Rivera.

All fine, i year, well-matured and true to name

or money back. Write now for free analogue of

complete line. ‘

Reilly Ill-cl. Nunorlu, 1072 Bollly M, Don-ville, N. I.





FLANT HARDY TREES





Healthy, acclimated, high grade. true to label fruit tree.

and plants for Northern States at wholesale prices. direct

from nursery to planter. Send for catalogue.





 

 

 





 





 





F R U I T Fresh Dug Weotetn N. Y. Truce.

‘Appleo, Peon, Cher-nee, Plum, Peaches,

Smell Fruits, Shrubs, Roses. etc. Belt





Trees. Best. Prices. Write for FREE on.

I'll] IBUI'I‘LAND unusual“

Rood. Rochester. N. Y.





 





 





:TRAWIIRRV PLANTS—Warden. 32.00; Dunlap, $2.2M

Gandy. $2.25; Brundywino. $2.50; Aroma. 82.50 per 1000.

Catalog free. 100 varietiel. J. G. PRESTAGE, Allegan, Mich





 





 





 





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; GRANGE" "





‘A—qA‘AAAAAAAMAAAAAA





 

 





 





Our Mottd~“The farmer‘ is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





T;HE MARCH TOPICS.

State Lecturer-'3 Suggestions for, First

Meeting. .



Song, by Grange chorus. ,



Roll call, responded to by each giving

a current event.



Is the Grange doing as much to make

better homekeeper‘s as His to make bet-

ter' farmers?



The test of a profitable cow, by a dairy-

man.



How to keep bossy at her best,



St. Patrick’s Day exercises by children

of the Grange.



Music throughout

charge of Overseer.





this program in





CIVIC RIGHTEOUSNESS.





 





(Concluded from last week),



The Grange takes in the farmer’s en-

tire family. Wherever you find a good

live, active Grange. you find the school

and community going along progressive

lines. The Grange, nearly forty years

ago. favored teaching domestic science

and scientific agriculture in the schools,

showing that the farmer is a leader of

thought and popular sentiment. If the

people expect to build up the country

schools, the country church, the country

roads, and to develop the highest state of

cultivation, there must be a school for

the older people. Above all else we should

covct‘and cultivate a spirit of community

service. There is nothing spectacular'in

efficient social service. certainly not in

country community building. But there

are rewards for all that. _ Ilnless rural

leadership, means community usefulness

it avails not. The idea of leadership

must be obliterated by the fact of ser-





vice. The purpose of education and life

is usefulness. He who lives to enjoy

never enjoys anything. Good citizens





are useful citizens; no others are good.



Now for a few words in regard to

our duties as sovereign citizens of

this great. republic. Do you often

think of yourself as a sovereign cit-

izen? You had better, because it will

give you a higher conception of your

duties as a citizen than if you think of

yourself as a common voter. To you is

entrusted the responsibility of decent

government. .Does that responsibilty

over rest heavily on your shoulders? Upon

the party man who had rather vote for a.

bad man of his party than for a good

one not of his party this responsibility

does, not rest very heavily. \Ve pay no





attention to politics in choosing our

friends, then, in the name of common

s-cnsc, why should we in choosing our

officials. ~





It is a universal truth that eternal vig-~

ilance is the price of liberty and also of

decency. The grafter and tln- political

heeler we have with us always, and he

is confined to no party. Like the domestic

hog, he is omnivorous and omnipresent.

Be a party man if you will, for parties

are necessary to good government, but be

a clean party man. Do not allow certain

interests to blind your eyes to trim con-

ditions. It is with us as it has been in

all ages—the rights of man as opposed

to thc encroachment of wealth and spe-

Cial privilege. Burke said, “\Vhen parties

change their principles, then patriots

change their parties.” Lincoln said, “I

am not bound to win, but I am bound to

be true; I am not bound to succeed, but

i am bound to live by the light that 1

have. I must stand with anybody that

stands right, stand with him while he is

right, and part with him when he goes

wrong.” Pinchot, the chief apostle of

conservation. says, “True loyalty to a.

party is loyalty to the ideals upon which

it is founded. No man ca be loyal to a

party and lend himself, like a rubber

stamp, to leaders who have abandoned

the essential principles which gave that

party its right; to live.”



There, from three high sources. in

three different epochs. you get a correct

definition of what politics should be.

Clean politics is a game that any man

may be proud to play, and there is no

way in which he can better display his

civic righteousness. ‘In conclusion, I

would say, don't be afraid to get out and

attend your farmers’ institutes and pic-

nics; it isyour business to be public-

spirited citizens. There is nothing so val—

uable to a'com'munity as public spirit, as

public-spirited citizens who are Willing

to do Something for which they are not

paidf it you get .no other inspiration

here than that public spirit which comes





 





{is I sign.





, .





 





from mingling with your fellows, it will





be dollars in your pocket. Public spirit

is a brother to good citizenship. Some-

body has said that farmers can have as

much justice as they will demand, and

they will have as much injustice as they

will 'stand for. Farmers have not had

their. full share of favors from legislatures

and from congress, and His because this

public spirit has been neglected and the

farmers themselves have been indifferent

as to their public duty as citizens. It is

not only our duty to raise good crops, and

good stock, but it is our business to

keep alive the patriotism of this country,

and to see that good men and good

women are placed in positions of trust.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Vienna Grange, of Genesee county, is

conducting a lively membership contest.

The ladies are arrayed against the gen-

tlemen and the losers are to furnish sup—

per to the victors. The contest is not

only swelling the membership at a rapid

rate, but appears to be awakening re-

newed interest in the Grange and all that

it stands for.



Newaygo Pomona’s Midwinter Meeting

was held with W. W. Carter Grange in

the village of Newaygo. The following

officers were elected for the ensuing two





years: Master, Wm. Carter; overseer,

George Warren; lecturer. Mrs. Mary

Stuart; steward, A. C. Flint; assistant

steward, Leonard Clark; chaplain, Ada





McCall; treasurer, 'Wm. Robertson; sec-

retary, Sophia. Kimball; gate keeper, San-

ford Anderson; Ceres, Nancy Terwilligar;





Pomona, Mary Zerlant; Flora. Blanche

Carter; lady assistant steward, Lola

Stuart.





Plymouth Grange, of Wayne 00., held

an all-day meeting Feb. 1, which was

well attended and thoroughly enjoyed by

all. Its present officers are: Master, J.

H. Hanford; overseer, Clarence O’Brian;

lecturer, Dr, W. J. Burrows; steward,

E. Meyer; chaplain, Mrs. C. O‘Brian; as-

sistant steward, B. VanVoris; treasurer,

J. H. Root; secretary, Mrs. Chas. Smith;

gate keeper, Clyde Brown; Ceres, Mrs, H.

Packard; Pomona. Mrs. Maude Bennet;

Flora, Mrs. Edith Moyer; lady assistant

steward, Mrs. VanVoris; pianist, Mrs. G.

Gates. After conferring the first and sec-

ond degrees on a class of eight the Grange

enjoyed several musical numbers after

which Sisters Root, O’Brian and Hanford

read papers on the subject, “Does the

Grange meet the needs of the women on

the farm as fully as it should?” From

the very lively discussion which followed

it seemed to be the general opinion that

it dToes not. Next meeting Feb. 15.—



'. .B.





COMING EVENTS.

Pomona Meetings.

Ingham Co., with Leslie Grange, Thurs-

day, Feb. 22. Patriotic program.

\Vestern (Ottawa Co.), at Conklin,

Thursday and Friday, March 1 and 2,





E FARMERSj ruins]





W





Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

l'. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





 





 





Associational Motto.—



The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most. valuable asset.

Associatlonal Sentiment.—



The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





..___._.___..__





 





WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE

DOING.





 





Wixom Farmers’ Club, of Oakland

county, reported through its delegate,

Mr. E. M. Moore, at the recent annual

meeting of the state association, that this

Club finds its special feature meetings to

be most interesting and advantageous to

the organization. This Club cach year

celebrates the Fourth of July, making the

regular meeting for July come upon that





date. They celebrate in a safe and sane

manner and the members have a real

good time and unanimously vote this





the best possible way to celebrate the

national holiday. This special feature is

also helpful financially, the ladies serve

a. dinner and the proceeds are generally

from $20 to $30. This helps in the hold-

ing of a fair in October, which is anoth-

er special feature always offered by this

Club. Cash premiums are offered for the

best exhibits of corn, etc., the premium

list last year amounting to $50. The last

event of this kind was the third held by

this Club, and these meetings have prov-

ed both useful and practical. A dinner

is also served at this time and the meet—

ing is open to general attendance, a

strong program being offered aside from

the exhibits. This Club experiences a

difficulty in getting young people to at-

tend, the members and those who attend

the meetings being largely the older peo-

ple*o{ the community. As a means of

getting young people out Mr. Moore sug-





gested evening meetings during the sum-

mer. Notwithstanding the liberal pre-

miums offered at their fair, this Club has

from $30 to $40 in the treasury.



White Lake Club, of Oakland county.

The report of the delegate from this Club

was similar in detail to that of the Wix—

om Club noted above. The Club was re-

ported to be in a prosperous condition

and doing excellent work,





CLUB DISCUSSIONS. .





Hold Institute Meeting—The February

mceting of the \\'ionn Farmers’ Club

was taken up and in place of it a one-

day farmers' institute was held at the

K. O. T. M, hall at “'ixom, Tuesday,

February 13. N. 1. Moore, ‘state speaker,

was with us and gave two very interest-

ing and profitable talks. His first sub-

ject was “Seed Selection." He urged

the farmers to select seed that was well

bred. He said time was well spent in

selecting and caring for good seed, es-

pecially the corn. He feared the farmer

who had not saved good seed corn would

have serious trouble this spring to secure

it. The subject was discussed by several

and decided four things necessary for

good crops: First, good seed; second,





good soil; third, good cultivation; fourth,

good season, all within the control of

the farmer but the fourth. Mr. Moore's

Second subject was “Cultivating and

Feeding the Soil.” lie said it was a good

thing to keep ground supplied with plen-

ty of vegetable matter; for this you can

use the barnyard manure, also June clo-

ver and plow under. The speaker said

be sure and have a proper rotation of

crops. Study the soil and see what it

needs to bring about the best results.

Mr. L. D. Lovewell, of South Lyon, gave

:.n interesting talk. His subject was

“Co-operation.” He advised the. people

to patronize the merchants in their home

towns, thus making it better for all con—

cerned. lie urged the Farmers' Clubs

and Grange to co-operate for the trend

of better living of the individual and

society at large. Mrs. Nellie Deitrich,

of South Lyon, gave a recitation which

was exceptionally fine, entitled, “Lin-

coln’s Last Dream.” It was listened_to

by an attentive audience. A resolution

was read and‘adopted that we favor the

nomination of Theodore Roosevelt for our

next president. Also, a rising vote was

taken in favor of Mr. Roosevelt.——Mrs. it.

I). Stephens, Cor. Sec.



Begin Seventeenth Year.——The January

meeting of the Arcadia Farmers‘ Club

was held at the pleasant home of Mr.

and Mrs, George lrish. After enjoying

an excellent dinner, the meeting was

called to order by President Mainline. \Ve

were then entertained by a very fine

program, consisting of music, recitations

and readings. The question box was then

opened and subjects profitably discussed.

Our Club is just entering its seventeenth

year since organized. \Ve have 32 fam-

ilies enrolled and hold one meeting each

month of the year. An out—door picnic

is held in August. The Club adjourned

to meet with Mr. and Mrs. Ray Taylor

the last Thursday in February—Mrs. C.

F. Hainline, Cor. Sec.



Federal Assistance in Road Building.—

The Conway and Handy Union Farmers’

Club was cntcrtaincd at the home of Mr.

and Mrs. W. Stowe, Jan. 26. The attend—

ance was not largo, about 63 people being

served to dinner. “Should the federal

government engage in inter—state road

building?" .I. B. Fuller said: “Road

building is one of the greatest problems

before the people today; papers are full

of both sides of the question. \Ve are in

need of good roads; good thing to have

the government take hold of it for sev-

eral reasons; the government can build

cheaper, has the machinery, can get help,

get cnough money from men we would

not got through general taxation. The

forcigner‘s tobacco is taxed; the men that

‘v'i't‘ftl‘ imported clothes, the people that

livi», on luxuries, in a way, pay taxes lo

the government. If the township builds

a road and receives $500,state aid that

money comes out of the farmer through

general taxation. If the government

builds the mile main road there will be

no particular difference to our taxes; there

will be a greater inspiration to people to

build other roads to the main road. Dis-

cussion—d. B. Rambo agreed with Mr.

Fuller. Money used in great quantities

to make waterways. \Vhy not build dirt

roads; good roads are valuable, better for

team, save men from using bad language,

keep up and abreast with other nations.

G. L. Adams and If. Bcnjamin thought

the time was near when we would have

auto trucks to haul our products to mar—

ket and we must. mcct it by having good

roads, the quicker the better as this is

an age of progress; government must

take hold of it and use its money for the

experiments needed to make perfect

roads. Some $8,000 was taken in the

county for road building and about $3,000

paid out, this shows we are helping build

good roads somewhere else.



Would Have Laws EnfOrced.———Thc fol-

lowing resolution was read and adopted:



\Vhereas, we recognize that the future

of our great nation, as well as our indi-





vidual protection, lies in the propcr re

spect and honest enforcement of law,

therefore,





lesolved. That the Conway and Handy

I‘nion Farmers’ Club heartily commend

the action of the worthy citizens of our

county and the Anti-Saloon League in

their effort and action toward securing

the proper enforcement of the local op-

tion law in our county, and we hereby

pledge them our moral support and com-

mendation as patriotic citizens. Adjourn-

cd to meet with Mr. and Mrs. S. Horton

in February.





 





   





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Rayo lanterns are made in nu-

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All Rayo lanterns are

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232 i {24)





M‘W 'v





L. MARKETS .





AWWW

DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





February 21, 1912.





Grains and Seeds.



Wheat.——The wheat market which re-

ceived active support on Monday made a

feeble attempt on .Tuesday and early

prices moved up a fraction. but the vol-

ume of selling was sufficient to turn the

tide and the close saw a loss of 1133c for

cash and Lie for futures. Foreign news

was in favor of an advance, while the

decline was the, result of domestic condi—

tions, dealers being able to see nothing

but the huge. stock of grain in Chicago

with no buyers in sight, while Minneap-

olis has more wheat than a year ago and

southwestern receipts are large, The Liver-

pool market is strong because England

wants to attract shipments away from

the continent. There is also unsatisfac-

tory grading of Argentine wheat. Am-

erican millers complain of light demands

for flour and the winter wheat crop in

Kansas is reported in fine condition, but

there are reports of injury from other

parts of winter wheat.

decline of 2c in cash wheat for the week.

The price one year ago for No. 2 red

wheat in this market was 00¢ per bu.

Quotations for the week are:



No. 2 No. 1





 





 





. Red. White. May. July.

Thursday . . . . .971/2. 05%, $10213; .961/{3

Friday ........ 07 .05 1.02 .06 1,;

Saturday ..... 06 .04 1.011; - .06

Monday . . . .96 .94 1.011,; .0614,

Tuesday ...... 951/; .931/2 1.005, .961;



\\'ednesday . .9541; .0334 1.01 .0614:





Corn.»—\\‘hile there was little change in

the corn market, there was an easy fcel-

ing early in the week in sympathy with

the wheat market. This was counter-

acted by the news frotn Baltimore of a

bctter export demand. Fluctuations were

confined to futures. the market for cash

grain being lirtn, although the. price has

dropped about he during the week. One

year ago the price for No. 3 corn was

4651.0 per bu. Quotations for tilt: week





are:



No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday . ............... 663', 67%;,

Friday ........... 1w, (37-3.;

Saturday ....... . ......... 601, 671.1.

Monday .................. 651,, 66:};

’l‘ucsday .................. 65% 661/:

\\'cdnesda,v ............... 6511',» 661/53





Oats. l’rec selling by western specu—

lators caused an easy tone in this mar—

ket due largely to the movement in the

wheat market, but somewhat to a mod—

erate increase in receipts. The local

market has dropped 1,,éc from last week's

quotations. The price for standard oats

on this market one year ago was 321?;3c

per bu. Quotations for the week are as

follows:





Standard. No. 3

White.

Thursday ....... . . . . . . . . 133.3. 531/4

Friday .............. . . . . . 5334‘, 53%,

Saturday ....... . . . .q. .. 5331, 511,4

Monday .................. 531.; 523;

Tuesday .................. 5314. 5234

\\'edncsday ... ............ 531,11. 53





Beans.~There has been a decline in

this market of 2c per bushel sinCc last

week and a shrinkage in the May quota—

tions of 3c per bushel. Quotations for

the week are as follows:





Cash. May.



'l‘hursday $240 $2.48

Friday ...................... 2.40 2.48

Saturday ................... 2.40 2.48

Monday .................... 2 38 2.45

Tuesday ................... 2.38 2.45

\Vednesday ................ $2.38 2.41

Clover Seed.——'l‘here has been a net





drop of 50c per bushel in this market

since the high point touched last week.

The low point was reached on Monday

when the closing quotation was $13.40 per

bu. On Tuesday the market advanced

10c. Quotations for the week are as fol-





lows:



Prime Spot. March. Alsike.

'l‘hnrsday . .....$13.75 $13.75 $13.25

Friday ........... 13.75 13.75 13.25

Saturday ........ 13.65 13.65 13.25

Monday .......... 13.40 13.40 13.25

Tuesday ...... .. 13.50 13.50 13.?5

"Wednesday ...... 13.50 13.50 13.25





Timothy Seed—Prime spot timothy seed

sold on this market on ’l‘uesday at $7 per

bushel. which is last week’s quotation.



Rye.—~Thc ryo market is quoted 1c low-

1r. There is, however, practically noth-

ing doing in this trade. (‘ash No. 2 is

quoted at Sl4c per hit.



Flour, Feed, Potatoes. Etc.





Flour.~l'rices are unchanged. Market '

steady

Straight ............................. $4.25

Patent Michigan ....... . ............. 4.85

Ordinary Patent .................... 4.60

Rye .................................. 5.20





Feed. .\11 grades are unchanged and

steady. Carlot prices on track arc: Bran,

$28 per ton: coarse middlings. $28: fine

iniddlings, $28: cracked corn. $30; coarse

corn meal, $30: corn and oat chop, $27

per ton.



Hay and StrawgrBoth hay and straw

remain steady. Firm. Quotations are:

No, 1 timothy. 3422612250; No. 2 timothy,

521612150: clover. mixed, 620612150: rye

straw. $11.506112; wheat and oat straw,

$10.506111 per ton.



Potatoesrs’llhere is only a fair supply

of potatoes on the market. Prices rule

firm with those of a week ago. (Tar lots

on track are quoted at 05c6P$1 per bu.



Provisions.—F‘amily pork, $1761‘19; mess

pork. $16.50: medium clear, $166P17.50;

picnic hams, 9142c: bacon. 126111314311 pure

lard in fierces, Wile: kettle rendered lard,

103/40 per lb.



Dairy and Poultry Products.





Button—wThe butter market is firm at

the decline of 5c per lb, from last wpe'k’g

quotations. Receipts only moderate. Quo-

tations are as follows: Extra creamery.





-.





 

   





There was a net'





 





270; first Creamery, 26c; dairy, .210; pack-

ing stock, 20c per lb. =

Eggs.——Egg prices haVe declined 6c per

dozen during the past week. The arrival

of southern eggs is credited with an in—

fluence in the weakening of prices, al-

though more moderate weather and the

prospect of an early increase in domestic

production is more largely responsible for

this sharp decline. Current receipts,

cases included, are quoted at 33c per doz.

Poultry.—-There has been no marked

change in the market for live poultry

during the past week, except a slight in-

crease in the quotations for spring chick-

cns. Quotations are: Live turkeys, 16@

17c; geese, 116Z112c; ducks, 14c; young

ducks, 15c; No. 2 chickens, 90; hens, 1361)

14c. Dressed—Chickens. 13%61‘14c; ducks

166117c; geese, 14@15c; turkeys, 18@19c

per 113.

Veal.—Market rules steady.

6112c; choice, 96110c per lb.

Dressed Hogs.—Light, $7.50; medium,

$6.75; heavy, $6.50 per cwt.





Fancy, 10





Cheeses—Michigan, September, 171/261)

18c; Michigan. late made, 161/2c; York





-state, 171é6118c; limburger, 1663180; (10-





mcstic Swiss. 10612211: brick cream, 1861)

lingo per lb.

Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage.—Steady; now selling at St:

pcr lb.



Onions—$2 per bu;

crate.



Apples.——There is no change in the ap-

ple market since last week. Baldwins are

selling at $3613.50; Greenings, $3.25@3.50;

Spies, $350614; Ben Davis, $2@2.50 per

barrel.





Spanish, $2 per





OTHER MARKETS.





The mild weather has not greatly af—

fected the potato market as yet and price

ranges from 7561.85c at loading points.

Fresh eggs have taken a tutnble and 250

is Tuesday morning‘s quotation to the

shipping trade by jobbcrs. Dairy butter

is Worth 27c. Live poultry is selling as

follows: Fowls and chickens, 11c; roost-

ers, Sc; geese, 10c; ducks, 13c; turkeys,

‘lSc. Dressed hogs are worth 71/261780.

(:rain prices as follows: No. 2 red wheat

tl0c; oats. 53c; corn, 67c.



Chicago.



'\\'hcat.—-i\'o. 2 red. Slfll§c61.$1.001/§; May,

tl€l7.,c; .luly, 051,..,t-.



Ccrn.—-—No. 3, 621.,6163lic; May, 671,40;

.luly, 67c per bu.



Hats.»~.\'o. 2 white, 521A561153c;

521“; July, 471/3311 per bu,



liarley.—~-.\lalting grades,

on; feeding, 756185c.



ITIILLCT.’ The week of mild weather

brought a big increase in receipts and

resulted in a bad break in prices. Cream-

eries declined 6c in this market on Mon—

day but regained lc the following day,

placing this market on a par with Elgin.

Dairies are also 51.: lower. Quotations:

t‘reamcrics, 236127c; dairies, 21611250.



Jllggsrvtlffcrings show a fair increase

but the market is in an unsettled condi-

tion due to the outlook for heavy receipts

in the near future. Prices have declined

46151: the past week under a demand that

is only fairly active, but the sudden

change in the weather this week seems

likely «to stiffen the market to some ex—

tent. Quotations are: Firsts, grading 45

per cent fresh, 2861‘281/gc; ordinary firsts,

256126c per dozen; at mark, cases in-

cluded, ' 2361250



l’t.Ittltry.~Jl‘ltis market has a steady un-

dertone. Live are quoted as follows:

Chickens, 12141:; I'owls, 121/215 roosters,

Etc; turkeys, 14c; ducks, 150; geese, 11c.

llt'cssed—Chickens, 14c; fowls, 14c; roost-

crs, 10c; turkeys, 19c; ducks, 17c; geese,

13c.



l‘otatoes.~—Reccipts liberal but trading

has been of sufficient volume to absorb

the offerings of good stock at a slight

advance in values. Market firm. Mich—

igan stock is now quoted at $1.056vl.08

per bu. \Visconsin, 3610360105: Minne~

soiil, 31.05%].08. .



Beans—«This market has weakened

somewhat under heavy offerings and a

slow demand. .\11 kinds are lower. Cur—

rent quotations are: Pea beans~-Choice

hand-picked, $2.55 per bu; prime, $2.42

per bu; Red Kidneys, 9526561275.



Hay and Straw.—- Market is steady to

firm. Quotations: Timothy, choice, $22.50

6123.50 per ton; No. 1, $20.506121.50; No.

2 and No. 1 mixed, 15196111050; No, 3 and

.\'o. 2 mixed, $14.506118; clover, $165061)

10; No. 2 and no grade. $7.506113.50; al-

falfa, choite, 4520.506112]; N0. 1, $1061.20;

.\'o. 2. $186110; straw. rye, $0.50’1110.50;

out, $116110; wheat, $7.50618.50.



New York.



litttter.V'l‘liis market shared in the ex-

pcctcd drop in values and prices gener~

ally are about 5c lower. Market steady

at the lower range. Creamery specials

are quoted at 201: per lb; extras, 28611281/3c;





May,

$161» 1.30 per





liists, 2761275421'; seconds, 251/;2613261/fgt'.

lig’gs.~-~ltlasier with prices showing a lo

decline. Fresh gathered extras, 366137c;





firsts, 35c; seconds, 34c; western gath—

ered whites, 356137c per dozen, .



l’oultryxnldvi-wSteady to firm with

chickens quoted lower. \\'estern chick«

ens, 12((1112%('; fowls, 131/5261141/21'; turkeys

1561160 lilressed-MQnotations unchanged

but market somewhat unsettled. \\'est—

ern chickens, 121436115c; l'owls, 1234;61:16c;

turkeys, 1260210.



Boston.



\VooL—sAlthoug‘h trading is along broad

lines, with sotne of the nearby wools

becoming scarce, moderate sales of do-

mestic weols are being made at firm val-

ues. Reports fr‘tun the west indicate that

buyers are active in securing the new

clip. (me. report says that two-thirds of

the l'tah clip has been sold at 15@18c.

The lower grades of territory wools have

figttrcd most prominently in recent deals

in old wool in this market. Interest in

the foreign pro‘duct shows a decline. The

leading domestic quotations range as fol-

lows: Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces—~

Delaine washed, 32c: XX. 28@29c: tine,

unmerchantable, 23c: half-blood combing,

30c; %-blood combing. 300; 14-blood comb-

ing, 290; delaine unwashed, 260; fine un-





f THE. M'iCthAN-I‘FARMER. I i I





*‘w





washed,g211/gc. Michigan. Wisconsin and

New York fieeCes—F—ine unwashed, 2039c;

delaine unwashed. 24c; j,é—blood unWash-

ed, 28c. Kentucky, Indiana and Missouri

~Three-eigliths blood, 28C; lei-blood, 290.

Elgin.



kitten—This market recorded a drop

of 5c on Monday of this week, the rapid

accumulation of stock being the explana-

tion. The market was declared firm at

27c. The output for the week was 700,

000 lbs., compared with 625,000 lbs. a week

ago.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo. 0

February 10, 1912.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 150 cars; hogs. 90 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 10.1 double

calves, 1.200 head.



With 150 cars of cattle on our market

hero today. Weather soft and rainy. and

with 27,000 reported in Chicago, our mar-

ket was from 156125c lower, and the ex—

treme tops of the cattle, according to the

quality, Were all of 35c per cwt. lower than

last Monday.



We quote: Best 1.400 to 1.600~lb. steers,

5514061185; good prime 1,300 to 1,400-lb.

(10.. $650617; (10. 1,200 to 1,300-lb. do.,

516.25.616.75; best 1.100 to 1,200—lb. shipping

steers, $661640; medium butcher steers,

1,000 to 1,100. $5615.75; light butcher steers

$4.256D4.75; best fat cows, $4.506v5.25;

fair to good do., $3.75614.25; common to

medium do., $361350; trimmers, $22561)

2.75; best fat heifers. $550616; good do.,

$4.50615.10; fair to good do., $4614.50; stock

heifers, $3613.25; best feeding steers. de-

horned, $4.25614.50; common feeding steers

$3.25613.75; stockers. all grades, $3.256»

3.75; prime export bulls. 85.50616: best

butcher bulls, $561525: bologna bulls, $4

614.50; stock bulls, $325614; best milkers

and springers, $456150; common to good

do., $256130.



\\'ith 00 cars of hogs on sale today. the.

bulk of the choice quality yorkers, mixed

and medium weights sold at $6.55, and

the pigs and lighter weights sold gener-

ally around $6.25. llough sows, $575611

5.80; stags from $4..'.0615.25. Market op-

ened slow, but after the first round ruled

fairly active at the prices, and the sup-

ply was well cleaned ttp; closing steady.



The lamb market was Vci‘y dull today:

most of the choice lambs selling for $6.75:

few choice at 66.8061685. Don’t look for

much improvement the balance of the

week unless the runs are very light, as

the. dressed meat market is very bad in

the east. The sheep market was active

today; market strong. Look for about

steady prices the balance of the week on

sheep.



\\’e quote: Best lambs. $6.65616.75; cull

to common do.. $5.25615.75; wethera $4.50

614.75; bucks. $225613; yearlings, $561)

$5.75: handy cwcs, $4614.25: heavy do.,

$4614.25; cull sheep, 332.50611325; veals,

choice to extra. $1061‘10.50; fair to good

do., $861110; heavy calves, $4615.50.





decks;





Chicago.

February 19, 1912.





Cattle. llogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 28,000 66,000 27,000

Same day last year..30.204 35.788 21,210





Received last week..55,009 201,362 102,131

Same week last year.57.178 156,508 8:),134



This week opens with an extremely dull

cattle market. due largely to the. dearncss

of beef, very mild weather and the near-

ness of Lent. .\ few choice lots are. mov-

ing off at about steady prices, but the

general market is on the down—grade,

buyers bidding 1061150 or more lower.

llogs are in good general demand, the

decline of 10c being attributable to the

liberal receipts. Sales range at $58061)

6.25, the best light hogs going at $6.25,

while pigs bring 3145061505, stags $63061)

6.50 and boars $3613.50. Hogs marketed

last Week averaged 217 lbs., compared

with 232 lbs. one. year ago and 212 lbs.

two years ago. Sheep and lambs of the

best quality are selling at steady prices,

others being largely a dime lower. Lambs

sell at $4,506Il6.75; ycarlings at $5615.75;

wethers at $4.15614.75: ewes at 62.2561)

4.25 and bucks at $2.5061‘3.25.



The shippers operating in this market

last week shipped from here 63.868 hogs.

compared with 51,074 a week earlier and

42,834 the. same week last year. This is

the strong feature.



Cattle buyers complained last week of

a congested dressed bccf trade and of

the adverse influence of the approaching

Lenten season. and the traffic in steers

at tinns was of listless character. The

week opcntd largely 10.61115c lower, with

a Monday run of 26.144 head, only the few

prime heavy beevcs selling at steady val-

ues. Trade \‘t‘as sluggish the following

day, and a light \Vcdnesday supply failed

to bring any improvement. Nor was the

market better on subsequent days, and

liberal supplies for the week would have.

been disastrous for sellers. .\ large share

of the. Week’s sales of beef steers took

place between $5.60 and $7.00, with the

choicer class of heavy steers going at

675061850 and the poorer light steers at

3147561575. Medium grade cattle went at

$6616.75 and good lots at $7 and upward,

and choice yearlings brought $7657.90.

Butcher lots of cattle sold relatively well.

particularly the best fat offerings, cows

and heifers fetching $3.45@6.65, while

cutters sold at $3613.40, canners at $2611

2.95. and bulls at (3.25616. There was

not a very large demand for stockers and

feeders. 60c corn in the farming districts

and high prices asked for well~bred cat—

tle for fattening tending to check the in-

ouiry. There. was no lack of ordinary

light—weight stock steers; but most buy—

ers wanted choice weighty feeders. and

these were scarce and dear, packers buy—

ing many of them. Stockers went at

$3,50fi15.50 and feeders at $475636 for in-

ferior to choice. and fancy feeders sold

to a limited extent up to $6.25. Calves

had a fair outlet at $3658.50, not many

going above $8. Milkers and springers





   





FEB. 24, 1912.

had a moderate sale at $30@65 per head,

choice Holsteins selling especially well.

No fancy beeves were received during

the week. The general market closed

10@15c lower than a week earlier.



Hogs were marketed here and elses

where in the west liberally last week, and

prices experienced declines at different

times, the weakness being most pro-

nounced in the cheap and medium-priced

heavy packing grades, as usual. Rallies

took place, however. and the undertone

for the choicer barrows was rather firm

on the whole, some sharp upturns result-

ing in most of the packers curtailing

their purchases, but this was easily offSet

by the enlarged purchases made by east-

ern shippers, who on one day took near—

ly 30 per cent of the arrivals. Choice

light weights continued to meet with a

steady shipping demand, causing the best

of these hogs to sell within 5c of the ex-

treme top of the market. Fresh pork

consumption continued on an enormous

scale everywhere on account of the

cheapncss of such meats as compared

with beef and mutton, but cured meats

are accumulating enormously in ware—

houses. as retailers refuse to lower their

prices in accordance with the reductions

that have been made by wholesalers. On

the opening of the month five leading

western packing points held aggregate

provision stocks aggregating 290,415,000

lbs, compared with 225,841,000 lbs. a

month ago and 162.135,000 lbs. a year ago.

Closing Saturday prices were not much

different from those a week earlier,



Sheep and lambs had their usual ups

and downs last week. starting off largely

at lower prices because of a large Mon—

day supply and selling higher subse-

quently on greatly reduced offerings.

Much the worst feature of the market

was the preponderance of poorly finished

stock. many consignments having to sell

at such low prices as to allow but slen-

der protits to the men who fed them. One

of the curious features of the market is

the continued heavy offerings of native

cw‘cs. many sheepmen going out of the

industry apparently, and prices for such

stock have ruled extremely low. .\ sale

was made late in the week of 238 head

of fancy YVisconsin-fed western lambs

that averaged 84 lbs. at $7. being con-

tracted to arrive, the only sale of the,

week above $6.75. The greater part of

the lambs and sheep closed lower than a.

week earlier. Feeder lambs haye seld

moderately at $4.756P5.75, largely at $5.50

for good lots.



Horses were offered in very good num-

bers last week, but there was not a large

showing of prime heavy drafters such as

sell around 51325060325. The offerings of

lighter weights selling at 3517561122.? were

ample, and wagon horses that bring $160

61200 were plentiful. Farm'horses have

met with an excellentdemand. selling

chiefly at $16061200, and nice breeding

mares sold at higher prices now and

then. Inferior horses sold below $100, and

drivers were neglected at 8100611200 and

upward. F.



LIVE STOCK NOTES.



Once more, the approach of the Lenten

season has been a factor in depressing

the live stock markets of the country, al—

though it must be admitted that the

dearness of most meats hurts their con—

sumption to a far greater extent than

religious rules for fasting. The markets

also have been weakened at times by

much larger offerings of cattle. hogs and

sheep following unrestricted movements

of stock trains after the change from

severely cold to mild weather.



The consumption of fresh pork pro-

ducts has been uncommonly large all

this winter. and this outlet has afforded

the, most sttre support to prices for hogs,

although the consumption of cured meats

has been as large as could be expected

under all the circumstances. The, one

obstacle to the sales of bacon, hams, lard,

etc., is their dearness, retail meat deal—

ers having failed to lower their prices to

any great extent. Meanwhile, hogs have

been rushed to western markets from

nwnlh to month in enormous numbers,

and the packers have been manufactur-

ing provisions at a very much faster rate

than their consumption called for. This

has been going on for such a long period

that western warehouses are rapidly fill-

ing up, until at last many of them have

no more space unfilled. Stocks are far

ahead of former years in volmne, the

accumulations having been at an unpre—

cedentcdly rapid rate, and numerous own-

ers are evidently anxietts to make quick

sales. ‘



The character of the marketing of cat-

tle, at Chicago and other western points

fails to show any marked change, further

titan a reduction in offerings of strictly

ptime heavy beeves. The cause of this is

well understood, of course. it being the

dcarncss of .-orn and other feeds and a.

detcrmitiation upon the part of stockmen

nearly everywhere to hold down their

winter feed bills. it‘urthermt‘n‘e, the Win—

ter has been a rarely exceptional one in

the severity and long duration of cold

weather. and many stock feeders say

their cattle failed to make perceptible

gains during the coldest weather. With

corn bringing 60 cents a bushel or more

in feeding districts, owners are naturally

tempted to let their cattle and savg the

corn for selling. \l'hether this is a wise

course or not depends on the quality of

the cattle and the ability ofthe. owner to

continue the. process of feeding. but it

would appear that well-bred cattle that

are doing well and can be made fat

should not be marketed prematurely.- for.

choice beeves are the highest ever known

at this time oft'he year.



The following comes from San Angelo,

Texas: “The high price for range cattle

in this section of Texas is advancing and

is higher than packers' quotations. Last

week a bunch of cows were sold to Itasca.

ranchmen at.$29 per head. which "is





 





practically, $4 above tWo months ago. A.





few days ago $57.50 per head for steers

was paid. This is the highest price ever

known in the history of the state to be

paid for ordinary grass~fed cattle.”





I





 





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~ FEB. 21:14:23. ., .- .

THIS is THE FIRST EDITION.





In the first edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given inrthe last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do ,for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effec:





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Tu rsday’s Market.





February 15, 1912.

Cattle.

Receipts, 856. Market dull at last

week’s prices.

\Ve quote: Extra dry—fed steers and





heifers, $6.2560650; steers and heifers,

1,000 to 1,200, $575606; do., 800 to 1.000,

$5606; do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $4@4.50;

Choice fat cows, $4.75@5; good fat COWS,

$3.50@4.50: commOn cows, $3@3.25; can—

ners, $1.75@2.75; b‘ulls, $3.75@4.50; stock

bulls, $3@3.75; milkers, large, young, me-

dium age, $40@50; common milkers, $25

w35.



CRoc Com. Co. sold Gerish 26 steers av

992 at $6.20; to Sullivan P. C015 canners

av 862 at $2.85; to Goose 7 cows av 860 at

$3.50; to Rattkowsky 1 do weighing 1,020

at $4; to Mich. B. Co. 5 butchers av 790

at $4.50, 1 bull weighing 1,080 at $5, 1

cow weighing 1,170 at $4.75; to Sullivan

P. Co. 4 canners av 875 at $2.75, 1 bull

weighing 1.620 at $4.75. 1 do weighing 920





’at $2; to NewtOn B. Co. 15 steers av 960





at $5.40,; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,300 at $4.75; to Newton R. Co.

8 do av 910 at $4.85; to "(loose 3 cows av

943 at $3.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 20 steers

av 1,025 at $6.15; to Naglc 1’. Co. 20 do

av 1,149 at $6.40, 20 do av 1.050 at $6.



llaley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 2 steers

av 960 at $5.75, 7 do av 757 at $5.40, 6

butchers av 826 at $4.50; to Parker, W. &

(Jo. 5 bulls av 1,368 at $4.75; to (ioose 4

cows av 975 at $3.80; to Applebaum 4

butchers av 862 at $4.30, 2 cows av 96.)

at $3.75. _



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 11

butchers av 727 at $4.80; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 4 COWs av 820 at $3.25. 1 canner

weighing 730 at $2.75; to Goose 4 cows av

880 at $3.25; to Nagle 1’. Co. 22 steers av

1,063 at $6.15, 2 cows av 1,060 at $5; to

Hammond, S. 8: Co. 9 (lo av 916 at $3.65,

1 do weighing 1.160 at $3.75; to Kammaii

B. Co. 2 steers av 995 at $6; to Rattkow-

sky 6 butchers av 705 at $4.35, 1 cow

weighing 900 at $4; to Kamman B. CO.

8 steers av 902 at $5.50, 1 do weighing

980 at $5.25: to Lachalt 10 do av 760 at

$5, 2 Cow and bull av 1,065 at $4.50; to

Regan 1'1 butchers av 688 at $4.30; to

Goose 2 cows av 875 at $3.50, 4 do av 880

at $3, 12 butchers av 750 at $4; to Sulli-

van 1’. Co. 1 cow weighing 1.040 at $2.75;

to Newton B. Co. 25 steers av 957 at

$5.75, 1 cow weighing 1,170 at $4.50, 5

butchers av 668 at $4.25, 25 steers av 934

at $5.75; to Kamman 6 cows av 726 at

$2.85, 2 do av 1.040 at $4.50. 2 bulls av

1.570 at $5; to Parker, 17V. & Co. 2 bulls

av 1.330 at $4.75, 5 heifers av 806 at $5,

6 cows av 1.080 at $4; to Heinrich 22

steers av 808 at $5.25.



Roscnhelm sold Mich. B. Co, 2 cows av

920 at $3.50, 5 do av 1.060 at $4.50.



Lowenstcin sold same 7 do av 1.090 at

$4.50, 2 do av 895 at $3.50.



Brown sold same 23 steers av 1,020

at $65



Il'ety sold Newton B. Co. 5

1.164 at $4.65.



Hoffend sold Hammond, S. Co. 2 cows

av 965 at $3.25, 1 do weighing 1,320 at

$4.50, 5 do av 940 at $3.10.



\Vorthey sold Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,330 at $4.75, 4 steers av 860

at $5.35. -



Jedele sold same 1 bull weighing 1,510

at $5.25, 6 steers av 910 at $5.85, 1 do





COXVS 21V





weighing 1.220 at $6.50.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 2,951. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best lambs, $6.25@6.40;





fair to good lambs. 65.50656; light to com-

mon lambs. 173271.450; fair to good sheep.

$361350; culls: and common_ $1.25@2_50.

Bishop, 1:, & H, sold Thompson Bros.

31 111,...” .‘lV 93 at $2.50; to Mich. R. Co.

11 lambs av 55 at $4.50. 34 do av 67 at

$6, 2 do av 50 at 64; to Parker, W. & Co.

80 do av 7.3 at $6. 21. do av 65 at $5.75,

23 do av 75 at $5.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

8 do av 50 at $1: to Hayes 11 sheep av

95 at $2.50: to Hammond, S. & Co. 4 do

av 70 at $2.50, 26 lambs av 85 at $4; to

Sullivan P. Co. 5 do av 106 at $4.50, 9 do

av 10:, at $4.50, 4 sheep av 105 at $3, 3 do

av 73 at $2.50; to Thompson Bros. 17 do

av 85 at 63: to Fitzpatrick Bros. 8 lambs

av 80 at $6.50. 18 do av 48 at $4, 36 sheep

av 130 at $2.90, 45 lambs av 85 at $6.40;

to Hammond, S..& Co. 229 do av 83 at

$6.40, 85 do av 80 at $6.40; to Nagle P.

Go. 41 do av 70 at $6, 16 do av 60 at $5.

23 do av 85 at $6.25; to Thompson Bros.

17 sheep av 85 at $3; to Young 42 lambs

av 60 at $5.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 26

(10 av 55 at $4, 14 sheep av 90 at $3.25.

Snicer S: R. sold Mich. R. Co. 1 lamb

weighing 70 at $5.50. 1 sheep weighing 110

at $3; to Newton 13. Co. 3 do av 100 at

62.50. 14 do av 90 at $2.85, 14 lambs av 70





 





l





\

,





 





       





.‘ ‘; ff .1,





at $5.75, 1 sheep weighing .93 at $2.75, 14

lambs av 70 at $5.





093. ‘

Receipts, 1,884. Market steady with

Wednesday and last week’s close; noth-





ing sold up to noon.





Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $6.15@6.25; pigs, $5.75@6.80; light

yorkers, $6@6.15; stags one-third off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 615 av 200 at $6.20, 450 av 180 at $6.15,

325 av 165 at $6.10, 310 av 155 at $6.05.



Spicer & R. sold Parker, “7. & Co. 250

av 200 at $6.15, 115 av 180 at $6.10.



Haley & M. sold same 260 av 210 at

$6.20, 140 av 195 at $6.15.





 





Friday’s Market.

February 16, 1912.





Cattle.

Receipts this week, 1,336; last week.

1,518. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices.

We quote: Best steers and heifers,





$6.25@6.50; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $5.75@6; do. 800 to 1,000, $4.50@5.50;





do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $450615;

choice fat cows, $4.75; good do., $35061;

4.50; common cows; $3@3.50; canners,





choice heavy bulls. $4.75@5;

$3.75@4.25;





$1.75@2.75;

fair to good bologna bulls,





stock bulls, $3.50@3.75; milkers, large,

young, medium age, $40@50; common

milkers, $20@35.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 681; last week, 877.

Market steady at Thursday‘s prices. Best.

$850119; others, $4@8; milch cows and

springcrs (lull.



Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts this week, 8,304. Market, qual—





ity considered, strong at Thursday's

prices. Best lambs, 662562640; fair to





$3613.75; culls and common,

Hogs.



Receipts this week, 4,964; last week.



7.596. Market steady to Sc lower than on





good sheep,

$1.75tg‘2.75.





Thursday. Range of prices: Light to

good butchers, $6.15@6.20; pigs, $5.75;

light yorkers, $6@6.10; stags one-third

oft,





 





 





Engine Prices Drop





337 91‘! BUYS 12.:4 II. P.





DETROIT-AMERICAN





Big Free Book and 29 years’ reputation for mak-

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Greatest engine offer ever ma 6. Equal bargains ,_

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m . AMERICAN HARROW CO.

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Detroit, Mich.



NOTE—Catalog also shows mt-





oei: values In Burrows, Cultivators

. and 8p! 8





 

 

 

 

   





     





 

 

 

 





’5

k" I





   

 

 





 

   

 





‘ .





, 1i".

gt av,





 





   





 

 





 





 





same number or

days from seed,

but started at dllrer- ,-

ent intervals or the .2

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living from city growing tomatoes





 





 

   

 

 





 





   





 

   

   

 





ear/u. Write today.

FRANK H. RIOORV. Gregory Farm

33 Full-cores. Icy Olly. Mich.





 





 

 





   





 





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wan‘ed —A capable. industrious married man

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fir“: 1“" 1.

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300% Pofit!





If hogs are the “mortgage lifters”

in the corn belt, what would you

call them in Arkansas and East

Texas, where, according to govern-

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1% cent: per pound. Farmers there

have proved that an acre of peanuts

will put on 1,200 pounds of pork-—

three times as much as an acre of

corn. Peanuts, grown on land

there that can be bought for $10

to $20 per acre, will return $80

per acre when marketed through

pork. And peanuts are grown by

the same met/10d! used for corn.





On account of the mild, healthful climate,

and the splendid variety of stock feeds

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Cotton Belt Route

in Arkansas and Texas





a sow will stand more frequent breeding

and will bring bigger litters than the same

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brought 48 pigs infourteen months. This

is unusual, of course, but two big litters

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fitable, make any line of stock raising pay

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There are many sections in Arkansas and

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get the bcnctit of the big boost in land values

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On the 151; and 3rd Tuesday of each month

there are very low round trip excursions to

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Route, allowing 25 days for trip and free

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That section 0! Tennessee and Alabama traveled by the

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WRITE Descriptive Literature. (9)





H. F. SMITH, Traffic Mgr" Dept. P. NashviIIeJenn.





 

   

   

 





I general purpose





 





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In Looking for a. Farm send for my list.

T. HITCH MAN. Buhl Block. Detroit. Mich.





$50 AN ACR ’ Write E. A. LIVINGSTON. St.





Johns, Mich., about his 120 and

240 acre farms, 3 miles from town.





’I‘crms reasonable.

APPLE, P011110, and ALFALFA 16631.).





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MICHIGAN FAR M57262} 3511331?





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(25)





 





 





 





' ’ “'rito (l. W.



Oceana County is the Fruit Belt. 11,11,111,

Shelby, Michigan, for lists of good Fruit. Farms.



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Beautifully Illustrated Booklet 1...... 0.: ,1, 11,11





luscious peaches, strawberries. and of ideal homes

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Oceana County Michigan Fruit Farms, 0,, 111..





farms for sale. Write us what,

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'IHE (IULF STREAM

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0n_account of death in the family this

Farm Must Be Sold.





160 acres. 1 mile from Augusta; 12 room house in

first class condition: horse barn 24x34, with cement.

floor: grain barn 103150 with basement; sheep ham 3le

36 with basement; liog house ,20x24 with cement floor;

wagon house with corn crib: granary 242136 with base~

mont. This form is nearly it” love], 12 acres timber; H

acres pasture, balance is under cultivntion; 75 bearing

apple trees; 1‘3. pear trees; 1 cherry trees, strawberries.

grapes and all kinda 01' BlililII fruit. incl..ding black-

berries and raspberries: 14 acres alfalfa, cuts 3 crops

a year; soil is a burr oak loam, very plcasent location.

We will guarantee this to be just. as described and its

good a. bargain as any in Michigan. Price 311.000.





GOULD 8- RICHARDSON, AugustIJMIchIgan.

FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN





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‘3





 





%





“Be not the First Whom the New is Tried”





to consider itself wiser than the last.



(,‘ertainly each new generation adds

something to the, lessons the race must

learn before it attains perfection, but

does it follow naturally that the ways of

the present-are so much better than those

of the generation preceding that we must

discard their pet theories as things abso-

lutely valueless? \\'ith our advanced

knowledge in science, medicine, psychol-

ogy and eugenics it is quite the thing

to “pooh pooh" at everything our fathers

and mothers held to. But are we not a

little too quick to leave the old for the

new, in some things at least?



There is the matter of child training

as only one example. lVe hear nothing

nowadays but “the new psychology.”

though just what that is I have yet

failed to learn from any of its advocates;

“let the child grow naturally," “the rule

of reason" or “the rule of love," “don’t

insist on the child's ‘minding,’ “let it de-

velop into a perfect man according to its

own individual thought,” and so on and

so on through a mass of “tommy-rot" of

which our mothers never heard. Our

mothers and grandmothers who were

crude. enough to insist on obedience even

at the sole of the slipper, are decried as

barbarians and their method of raising

children, it is declared, would give to the

world only criminals.



‘\\'hat a commentary on ourselves, that

last remark. How can the “new" mother

account for her own superior intelligence

and tine mind, since she confesses that

she was brought up in the good old-fash-

ioned fear of the rod? Candidly, are we

not going a step too far when we throw

out all corporal punishment, and insist

on bringing our youngsters up by “moral

suasion'.‘”



Now do not understand me as believing

in whipping children for every offence. I

am with the “new psychologists" in

making the “punishment fit the crime.”

Where we differ is that l Iirmly believe

there are some childish “crimes" which

are ”fitted” only with a smart whipping,

while the new psychologist would send

him away to say he was sorry, while

probably he is glad all the time.



i have seen many children who were

brought up without whipping, and beg--

ging their pareots' pardon, I never saw a

well behaved or obedient one in the lot.

.-\ friend who has tried both ways sadiy

confessed the other day that new methods

had failed with her. “'hen her first two

boys arrived she had not yet attained the

present day nights of knowledge so she

(rudely brought her boys up as her moth—

er had brought her, spanked when she

thought they needed it. reasoned when

that would work, judiciously persuaded

and cajoled when that seemed best. but

lirst, last and always insisted on obedi-

ence. \Vhen the second boy was ten a

baby sister arrived. Meantime. a course

of mothers‘ clubs had "broadenet" the

little woman and she had come to regard

her previous methods as barbarous. The

small daughter should have different

treatment, she should grow naturally and

not be corrected except when a continu-

ance in her course would bring her harm.

After seven years the mother sadly con-

fesses she made a mistake. The child is

disobedient, ill—mannered, selfish and ab—

solutely indifferent to the rights of oth-

els. A fourth child, two years old, is be-

ing brought up in the old-fashioned way.



Our mothers had their faults in child

training undoubtedly, but they possessed

()llt- shining virtue which alone made up

for all their lack, they taught their chil—

dren obedience. If a child was told to do

a thing, the mother saw that he did it.

And by so doing she taught her offspring

the most valuable lesson he could learn.

Obedience is the one thing necessary to

give happiness to man. obedience to the

laws of health, of the state, of God, and

he who learns this early in life is thrice

blessed.



The great cry of many mothers against

insisting on obedience is that the child's

individuality will be thwarted. But why?

Individuality was never crushed by a

parent’s simply insisting on a child’s do-





IT is the fashion of each new generation





ing right. It is when the parent insists

on shaping the child’s future work in life,

his choice of vocation. that mischief is

wrought. But simple insistence on obe-

dience to the laws of home never hurt

any child. Individuality is only another

name for lawlessness in many cases, and

the parents who will not “thwart their

child” are usually too weak-willed to give

their children a proper training.



' DEBORAH.





 





GOLD AND OTHER LAID WORK.





 





 





No. 15.

BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.





From the earliest times in which or-

namental needlework assumed a role of

importance from an artistic standpoint,

gold and silver have been utilized to add

splendor and richness to silks, satins,

vclvets, linens, and various fabrics which

are suitable for carrying anything with

as much weight as necessarily marks this





 





BEE

535E

WI





fl





Fig. 1,



class of embroidery. In the very ancient

work the metal itself was used, the gold

or silver being beaten thin and cut into

narrow strips, but for centuries now the

gold or silver substance, and it is seldom

the pure metal, has been wrapped spiral-

likc around flax or silken threads of a

strong nature. This is called passing,

commonly, and is laid upon the surface

to be ornamented and held in place. by

stitches of fine, strong silk. This assumes

the order of couching, and is in reality

that form of stitchwork, though in a.

more extended fashion than that touched

upon in the chapter on “Darning Couch-

ing Stitches.” In that chapter most of

the work referred to was in outline form,

and when mere outlines are desired in

mttal threads the same processes may be

iesorted to as were therein described.

However, in solid or laid work slightly

different. phases must be dealt with.



In the first place the worker in gold or

silver must be sure that the passing is

of the best quality, as it tarnishes easily

if at all inferior. Dampness, either from





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Fig. 2.

perspiring hands or other moisture will

speedily ruin the threads, so that these

features must be guarded against. \k‘ith

good materials to begin with, and a. rea-

sonable amount of caution in their hand-

Bing, covering the work as it progresses,

etc., there is little difl‘lculty experienced

on this score, lots of work holding its

brightness for years. Sharp scissors

should be used in cutting the passing, so

that clean cuts will be made without

haggling. The ends may be left raw, or

drawn through to the wrong side of the

goods, as in braid work. As a rule, es-

pecially in olden gold work, the material





was backed with some other strong fab-l





ric, since the weight of the embroidery

was great. This makes it difficult to

pierce the materials except when abso-

lutely necessary, and it is customary to

carry the passing upon the surface with—

out cutting as much as possible. Curves

are made sharply, the thread being taken

back and forth across the surface, the

rows crowded close together, and the ut—

most care exercised that the thread does

not twist, a trick it is quite prone to.

in some work each row is stitched down

as it is laid, but usually two or three

rows are carried along at .one time, and

the stitches are made to cover all, thus

hastening the work without in the least

detracting from its beauty.





The Stitches are taken right over the

rows, and the manner in which these

stitches are spaced may be made to form

most attractive patterns. diamonds,

blocks. zigzag and diagonal lines. etc.

See Fig, No. 1. Basket weave patterns

are among the prettiest. Sometimes por-

tions of the work are raised, like roWs of

diamonds or disks. through the center of

a space, or any desired geometrical fig-

ure. Yellow cotton or yarn is used for

padding the gold, and white for silver.

The passing is then laid right across the

entire space, raised as well as flat por—

tions, and the coaching stitches are placed

to outline the forms, being scattered at

will over the remaining liat surface. This

brings out the raised parts distinctly.



The passing may be stitched down with

a self color or one quite at variance as

to shade. The Chinese like to use shades

of red which gives the work a beautiful

copper tone. For very delicate effects

white produces the palest tone. Some

shades of blue will give a greenish hue

to the gold thread. In fact, it is surpris-

ing to the tyre to discover the varied

shades made possible by a change in

stitch color, the gold or silver assm‘ning

quite unusual tints with certain other

colors.



Silk floss is such an exquisite medium

for laid work that no one can afford to

overlook its possibilities along that line.

The softly twisted variety is best suited

to the work, and it, too, is carried back

and forth across the figure to be cov-

ered. Being more flexible than gold or

silVer, it may be used in the needle and

drawn through the material at the edge.

It can be carried across on the under side

to begin the next row. but this is an un-

necessary waste of material, since by

taking tiny stitches along the edge sharp

turns may be made. This plan also has

its drawbacks if the article being embel—

lished is to receive severe usage, as these

tiny stitches are not so likely to hold as

those of greater length. To obviate this,

and at the same time economize on the

floss the worker should carry one row

across and then,“ skipping one, or two,

take the floss back again, the aditional

length of stitch along the edge making

for added strength. The gaps thus left

are filled in turn.



The rows of stitching, whether on met,—

al or silk threads, may be arranged to

give contour or shape to certain forms,

like leaves and flowers. Illustration No.

2 shows the stitches arranged in curves

in the petals of the tlower. The leaf form

has the diagonal threads laid over the

closely laid threads, and these in turn

are stitched down. Shaping in this way

simulates the veins of the leaf.



A lot of the old—time lard work, now be-

ing copied by later workers, has the flow-

er centers filled in with fancy stitches of

different kinds, such as knots, crosses,

couched lines laid across in both ways

from side to side, diagonally or straight,

spaced regularly, etc. This gives a quaint,

pretty change from the laid work of the

petals. I



A desirable laid work pattern which is

available for such designs as do not de-

mand solid work is also, shown in Fig.

No. 2, and is known as Portugese laid

work. Threads are laid across the space,

and groups 01’ stitches. three, five or sev-

en, placed over two of these threads every

so often. The same process may be fol—

lowed for very heavy lines, several rows

of floss or passing being laid c105e to-

gether, with the groups of stitches taken

over them at regular intervals.



A variety of embroidery which used to





 





 





 





 





FEB. 24, 1912. '





 





From

Our Ovens

To

Your Table





Untouched by human

hands-





Post

Toasties





—the aristocrat of Ready-

to-Serve foods.





A table dainty, made of

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seating delicious flavour and

wholesome nourishment in

new and appetizing form.





The steadily increasing

sale of this food speaks

volumes in behalf of its ex-

cellence. -



An order for a package of

Post Toasties from your

grocer will provide a treat

for the whole family.





“The Memory Lingers"





Postum Cereal Company, Limited.

Battle Creek. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





Fish of Guaranteed Quality





Fresh. Frozen.





Silver Herring. Round ...... ..........31,§c

Pickerel, Round ............ . ........ 5 c

Dressed. Headless ............ ' ....... 6 0

Pike, Hound .............. . .......... 81,20

Trout, Dressed ............. . ........ Sly/2c

Whitefish, Round .................... 81/;c

Perch, Round ........................ 3 c





Perch, Skinned, Dressed, Headless...61/_.c

Tullibees (Large Canadian Herring)..31/_.c

Salted Fish.



Lake Herring, 100 lbs., $2.25; 50 lbs., $1.50

Bayfish, 100 lbs., $2.25; 50 lbs ......... 1.50

Ask your neighbors about our goods.





WISCONSIN FISHING 00.,

Dept. Y, Green Bay, Wis.





 





 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   





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WEAK EYES? INFLAMED?





. SM RT. . '

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161-5 River St.. Troy. N. Y.





WANT ED—Experienced married man for

a 320 acre farm. Must. be willing

to work as well as supermtend. Besides cash. house.

cow, wood. chickens and garden furnished. Without

experience and best. of reference no use to lying.

Address BONNIE BBAE FARM. Algonac. L ioh.





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN MIME

when won are writing to advertisers.





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





.brx”;

Y. ‘4'
FEB. 24: 1912'. '

WHAT SHALL WE EAT?





 





BY EDITH WILSON M’conMICK.



\Vhlch shall we do in our case, please



' state, "



Get scared to death or defy our fate?



\Ve have lived for years on a peaceful

farm



Safe, so we felt, from stress and harm.



Well fed, we thought, content with our

fare.



But. now we’re told there's danger there.



'\Ve raise a lot of fruit and wheat,



Potatoes, eggs and milk and meat.



We cooked three hearty meals a day



And ate what we liked in a fearless way.



But Uncle Sam saw his rural classes



'\\’ere getting behind the city masses.



To remedy this he sends mail to our door



Each week day, thus we read much more.



We began to talk of tubercular milk,



Dietic rules, and all that ilk.



Mrs. Rorer wrote, “Berries should fccd

birds alone.



Three meals of potatoes We should cut

down to one.



A small piece of meat, a spoonful of soup



And then on green salad and a cracker

fill up.” ,



Our men "couldn’t stand such a meal,”

so they said. >



“\‘i’ithout bread and milk before going to





Then we. read Dr. Fletcher, “You must

chew your bread

Not soak it in milk, if you would be well





fed. ..

Nor should it be made of flour soft and





white,

But make it of whole wheat and take a

small bite.”





So thus we set our table out,



we ate'no pie nor sauerkraut.



But graham bread and “apple sass”

'\\'ell sweetened, we’d for supper pass.

\Ve plumed we were progressives



“'0 cereals ate each morn successive.

Then comes Janet McKenzic llill,_



In Boston she has learned her skill. ”

Says, “Don’t eat acids with a starch,

And “Sugar’ll leave you in the lurch.

You must not put it on your mush,



But only cream to make a slush.”

\\'oods Hutchinson had said “"3 could

For sugar was a “wholesome tool].



We farmer folk are badly scared



So long on scanty food we’Vc fared,



\Ve fear to take another bite _

Lest we should squash a germ, or might

Do something someone says we cant

And make them sit on us and rant.

Please someone come to our assrstancc,

You’ll find us too Weak for resistance. 0

\V'hat may we eat? \Vhat shall we fear.

Do write it out quite plain and clear.





be seen, but ‘which one seldom runs

across nowadays. is called inlaid work.

Instead of laying threads upon the sur-

face of a background fabric, a design is

cut out of one fabric and fitted into the

same sized spaces cut. out of another. It

is necesasry to baste the tWo upon strong

paper or enamel cloth, and the parts must

be so carefully cut and adjusted that they

will fit exactly. They are then caught

together by overcasting. Later these

stitches may be covered, if desired, by

fancy braid, cord, or more elaborate

stitchwork.





—§HOWERS.





BY PEARLE wm'rn M‘COWAN.



“Showers" or “throws" for prospective

brides, or newly married couples, still

continue popular. lut these delightful

social affairs are just as appropriate upon

some other occasions, and may furnish

airexcuse for more than one pleasant

afternoon or evening. when there is no

engaged or recently married person or

persons present.



Not long ago a Ladics’ Aid society he-

gan to realize that though their church

cupboards were fairly well stocked with

good, plain, useful dishes, there was a dc-

cidcd lack of fancy pieces, such as crcam—

crs and sugars, butter dishes, bread and

cake plates, salt and pepper shakers.

pickle and jelly dishes, etc. So it was

decided to have a “shower” and a “pot

luck” supper in the parlors of the church.

The affair was a decided success, and the.

participants wcnt home conscious that

the church cupboards lacked nothing, un—

less it was space.



A church kitchen might be stockcd in

the same manner with kcttlr—s, busing,

Skillets, big spoons, forks, knives, and all

the culinary articles likely to bc needed

upon festal occasions. The same idea.

would be equally as appropriate for use

in lodge or club rooms.



Another “shower” idea was recently

carried into effect when a company of

friends proceeded to take possession of

the home of a couple whose twenty—first

wedding anniversary it was. each bring—

ing a piece of graniteware or some mod-

ern and useful kitchen utensil. To say

that these people were as pleased as any

bridal couple could possibly he, would be

only mildly stating thc facts, for this

was an entirely unlooked for event, and

such occasions in the natural course of

business and family cares, had come to

be irare in their lives. ‘ . ‘



It is quite probable that there- are oth—

er monies, where: after a housekeeping

experience of'several years, many kitchen

utensils are showing symptoms of con-





 





, inch material.





stant wear and yet the frugal housewife

seldom feels justified in throwing them

away. But after a “shower” of this sort,

many of them would be apt to find their

way to the “trash pile,” while the new

and shiny additions would prove. a posi—

tive joy to the busy house mother, to say

nothing, of the deeper pleasure of the

thoughtful and happy surprise they would

be continually calling to mind.



Still another kind of “shower” that has

grown quite popular in our town during

the last few months, is the “baby throw.”

This latter is intended to bring a litt‘le

gladdening into the prospective mother’s

days, and each of the guests (who, of

course, are only ladies, and either rela—

tives or very near and dear friends).

brings some little gift either for the use

of the mother or the little, looked—for

baby. Tiny knitted shoes, stockings,

jackets, rattlcrs, bibs. toilet articles, etc.,

are all appropriate and useful. It is well

to hold this sort of shower in the after-

noon, at the home of some relative or in-

timate friend and thus relieve the pros

pcctive mother of all obligations in the

line of entertainment.





 





PAY BACK YOUR LAST SUMMER

VISITS NOW.



Now is the psychological time for the

country woman to pay back the visits her

city friends and relatives made her last

summer. For just now the stores are

filled with bargains which no woman

ought to miss. Suits, skirts. gowns, wool

dresses and winter hats are marked down

to the Iowr-st possible figure and as most

of the stores are already showing their

spring stocks. you may be sure the re-

ductions are real ones. Suits which cost

$15, for instance, may be bought for $9.50.

Skirts for which $10 was asked earlier

are now $6.25, etc. The garments are all

this year’s styles, too, so will be good for

another season at least. Do not have too

much faith in the “half-off” sales, as you

seldom find honafide ones. The goods

are first, carct'ully marked up from the

original asking price, and then sold for a

half of the new price. When you stop to

think of it, it is really a little more than

any man could be expected to do, to sell

at half price. But you get generous

enough reductions to pay you for doing a

little of next fall's shopping now.





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





These patterns may be obtained from

the Michigan Farmer oflice at the prices

named. lie sure to give pattern number

and the size wantcd.





 





 





 





I





No. 1283—Men’s Negligee Shirt. .l'light Free Trial





sizes, 82 to 46-inch breast measure. For

30 breast it requires 33., yards 32 inches

wide. Price, 10 cents.



Np. 5390—Children’s Yoke DreSS. Cut

in sizes 1, 3 and 5 years. The three-year





size requires two yards 36 inches widem





.131; yards of insertion, 1131.» yards of edg-

ing. Price, 10 cents.



No. 2854—Ladies’ Tucked Dressinc-

Sack. Eight sizes, 32 to 46 inches bust

measure. For 36 bust it requires four

yards 27 inches wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5111—Children’s Rompers. Cut in

one size. Age 1 year requires 2 yards of

27—inch material. Price, 10 cents.



No. 4817—Boys' Suit. Three sizes, 2. 4

and 6 years. For four years it requires

3 yards 36 inches wide; 5%. yard contrast-

ing 27 inches wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5059—Children’s Dress Closed at

Left Side of Frant. Cut in sizes 2, 4 and

6 year-S‘- Age 4 requires 2% yards of 36-

Price, 10 cents.





{THE MICHIGAN FARMER. , (27)





{.





235





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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The FARMER or any other business

man for that matter who does not keep

an accurate and comparative yearly ac-

count of every department of his farm

or business is soon “out of the running”

with the man who does. The greatest

aid to record work is the typewriter. The

typewriter for record work is

The l\r’[onarch





grca l est,

the Light Touch Monarch.

typewriter has no equal for billing, card





 





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The Farmer Ila: power to do 111':





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FtflQMEfilYJUfi





THE BASCOM COUNTY BLACK FOX.





 





BY TVM. J. COOPER.





“I wish we had an auto like that Jim!”



The Wilson boys, Jack and Jim, turned

and watched the Harpcrs’ auto as it tore

down the road.



“I guess we could buy one, too, if we

were storekeepers," Jim answered with

considerable dissatisfaction. “I’d be sat-

isfied with a new top buggy for mine, but

with all those sugar beets and potatoes

froze in the ground .1 guess we‘ll ‘hoof

it’ another year."



Jack kept silence the rest of the way

hotnc. The younger brother‘s wish, how-

ever, was of long standing—Along for a

fourteen-year-old boy. Ever since the

iirst car went whizzing by his home he

had craved one, but a new and stumpy

farm. a family of six. and a mortgage,

offered poor hopes of gaining his wish.



However, if Jack was silent it was be-

_cause the Wheels in his head ran noise-

lessly, and an idea was the result. Now,

a good healthy idea has. sometimes ov-

crcome bigger obstacles than was in the

way of Jack’s wish.



At supper that evening, he asked: “Pa,

what is a black fox’s pelt worth?”



The elder \Vilson looked quizzically at

his younger son. “\Vhy, Jack? How

many have you got?"



“I’m not joking, pa; I heard they were

worth a lot.”



“\\'ell, my boy, I read in the paper that

a. trapper sold one in Tletroit for $800, and

the for was not prime. either. Are you

going to try for the Bascom county black

fox, Jack?”



“i am going to try.’ the boy answered.



Now, Bascom county contained, or was

reputed to contain, a real, live black fox.

if the word of a score or more of its cit—

izens counted for anything. For two years

back. from time to time, farmers had

driven to Rascom (“entrc with the news

that the black fox had crossed the road

just ahead of them, or that they had seen

him trotting across their tit-ids. or their

children had seen him on the road as they

#ame from school.



l‘lach al'lpearaiicc had brought out its

army of hunters, bttl, like a will-o‘—the

wisp he had disappeared, leaving neither

scent nor trace behind him. Some of the

skeptical went so far as to say there was

no black fox. 'l‘hat .lcd Sanders.‘ black

collie pup’s wandering habit was the

cause of the whole. excitement. However.

as the pup had been dead a good year

from an overdose of nux vomica, and

Judge Hwariz, of uuimpeachabie Vcl':lt'il\',

had seen the tox tutor the Big Swamp as

he drove around the “bend" in the road

"VIIllS on 'I‘Etanksgiving day, not two

weeks past -tllc l‘ox’s existence and pros-

ance was as good as provon.



Now, .lack was some trapper himself.

Muskrats a plenty had he caught, and

other small fur—bearing animals, perhaps

bt‘ttcr not mentioned here but of staple

\‘aluo, an occasional mink, and once he

had caught a ‘c.lon. but that was all

trifling to the job he laid out for himsrlf

when he decided to capture the liascom

county black fox.



Now, .lack realized that he was up

against a big proposition. The best hunt—





9





crs and trappcrs in this county of skill-

i'ul men of the woods had failed. but this

only added to his dctcrminatitm. But

how?



.lack sit-pt little that night, devising

p'an ai‘tcr plan, until he, fell asleep to

dream of whole droves of black foxes.

.llut morning arrived, and action. A light

snow had fallen during the night, an

ideal tracking snow-- not enough to make

hard walking. still enough to make a

plain track.



Jack had come to one conclusion. It

was that the fox did not, have, his home

in the llig Swamp, because that had been

beaten up almost foot by foot by the

hunters: at various times. Yet the region

of this swamp was the centre of all his

reported appearances. Ilis home was

somewhere on the borders was his con-

clusion. The swamp was only about two

miles frmn the TVilson place, with pine

“slashings" on the borders and a little

stream ran through one edge of it.



\Vhile no trace or track had ever been

found which could have been positively

identified as made by the black fox, the

hounds had taken a lead into the Big

Swamp several times, always stopping

after going up and down the banks of the

the chase had always ended and it was

a matter of great puzzlement to the hunt-





. w». '1» ., . we VAEQWMAMWW as”...





— ‘THE ’ MICHIGAN ‘ FARMER.





ers; both the instinct of the hounds and

the woodcraft of the hunters were baffled.



Jack’s idea was that the fox took to

the water of the little stream and, of

course, everyone knows that this destroys

the scent. But he must have come out

of the stream again, so why had the dogs

been unable to recover the scent? This

was just. what Jack purposed to find out.

He managed to impart a. little of his en-

thusiasm to Jim, who agreed to go along.



They took a gun, an axe and a shovel,

with a. pocketful of lunch. Jack took'the

lead, proposing to circle the swamp until

they found a track. There were rabbit

and squirrel tracks in plenty; there were

tracks of weasel and even one.mink

track, but none made by a fox. Finally,

after nearly completing the circuit, Jack

let out a yell.



There was a fox track, large and plain,

and going right into the swamp. The

surface was comparatively dry, so the

boys had little difficulty in following the

track, which led in the direction of the

little stream not over ten feet wide.

Straight into the stream led the track

and there it disappeared; neither did it

appear on the other bank.



“Jim, I'll cross over on that log and

you stay on this side; then we’ll examine

every inch of the banks on both sides

until we find the track.”



l’p and down the stream they went and

then repeated. Still again did the boys

traverse, the little creek, but all to no

purpose; the track had totally disap-

peared.



“Let’s go home," said Jim. “My lunch

is all gone and I'm hungry.”



“Wait just a little.” Jack was exam-

ining an old' elm stump close to the edge,

of the creek which at this point ran very

close to the upland. On one corner of

this stump a little snow had collected and

in that snow was a track. “ll’urrah!”

cried .lack. .lim hurried over, but neither

of the boys could find where it led.



They looked up stream and down

stream. Finally a great light dawned

upon Jack. Right above where they

stood, reaching down from the high bank,

was a lodged tree trunk that had blown

or fallen over the bank. The bushy end

of it was within perhaps eight feet of the

elm stump. Climbing upon the trunk.

which grew larger towards the butt of

the tree, he found more snow and there

again was the track;



l‘p over the steep bank they climbed.

It all seemed so simple now, yet it had

baffled the best hunters of Bascom coun-

ty. There, in the light snow, was the

track, yet they had circled the swamp

not two rods farther in. How had they

missed the track going out? But the

track (lid not, go out.



Not ten feet from where they were, and

right on the edge of the bank, stood a

monster pine stumpv—one of a thousand

more just like it in the timber “slash-

ings,” only this stump had a monster

hollow in its bowels.



Seeing no continuation of the track,

and knowing something of the timber

climbing abilities of this particular fox.

their first thought was of this stump.

Sure enough! Just enough snow remain-

ed on top of the stump to show the track,





 





I





and in the center of the top was a hole





hardly seven ' inches- across. . It did not





Seem possible that the f0x Could sctueeze

through it, but the presence of hairs on

the Sides of the aperture gave proOf or

his ability to enter, and the hairswthe

hairs were jet black!



The boys looked breathlessly across the

top of the stump at each other. \Vithin

the compass of that old shell of a tree

lay $800—possibly $1.000!



But now came the fear of possession.

Had. anyone seen them following the

track? They peered in every direction.

N'o one was in sight and the sun was

rapidly making all tracks disappear.



The first thing to be done was to plug

up the hole, which was done with such





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gnawed himself out in a month of nights.

One thing was clear, and that was that

the rapid decline of the sun would pre-

clude finishing the capture that day. They

were four miles from home and had only

an axe to work with. Reluctant, but

happy, they went home, which they

leached about dusk.



The boys decided to say nothing about

what they had discovered, reasoning that

it was just possible that the hairs might

be those of a black squirrel. But it was

mighty hard work concealing their feel—

ings. They went to bed early and if they

did not dream of foxes it was because

they were too tired.



Next morning, taking their gun, axe

and a crosscut saw, they went back to

the stump over snowless ground. The

plug was still in place. The boys listened

a minute and fancied they heard a

scratching inside the stump.



“\\'ell, here goes," said Jack, as they

sawed into the side of the stump. Stumps

are hard things, and that particular

stump seemed made of iron. However.

there is an end of all things. The saw

ceased its clear ring and uttered gruff

sounds. The hollow had been struck and

a sharp metallic bark electrified the boys,

Mr. Fox was there! iut getting at him

was tough work. Finally, a thin wedge

was split out, leaving a cleft large enough

to see through but not large enough to

permit the animal's escape. There, hud-

dled in one corner, showing all his white

teeth, growled and barked as black a fox

as ever nature’s freak produced!



A little slim club, previously prepared.

soon finished Mr. Black Fox’s career. The

cleft was widened and the boys had won.

It can‘t be said that the boys walked

homev-mthey flew. yet not half so fast as

did the news of the capture of tho Das-

com county black fox.



Men came from far and near to see it.

Finally. a well—dressed, keen—eyedfinot

to mention hook-nosed—stranger got off

the tlein at Eascom Centre and inquired

the road to the \\'ilson's. “'hen he left

the black fox went with him and the

\\'ilson boys hurried to the National Bank

at \Viliow, where they saw a check turn-

ed into a big roll of green and yellow

backed bills, and again into a certificate

of deposit for $1.000. And if you ever go

up that way you will probably see an-

other auto besides the llarpers’. The.

boys call it the llascom County Black

Fox.





 





THE BACHELOR UNCLE





BY EVERITT MCNEIL.





I hurried back into the house. Teddy

and Joey tad both recovered conscious—

ness, and Ellen was comforting them. I

passed at onrc into llellc Murdock‘s

room. ltodncy's nurse confronted me.

Without a word I pushed her aside and

strode to the bedside. Belle lay on her

back, her eyes closed and her mouth

open, breathing heavily. I placed a hand

on her shoulder and gently shook her.

Iler (-ycs remained closed. I shook her

violently, but the result was the same.

She lay like a breathing automaton, dead,

absolutely dead, to the world. The nurse

stood near the foot of the bed, her tall

figure drawn up to its full hight and her

eyes watching every move I made. Her

face was white, and her lips were drawn

tightly across‘her teeth, and her hands

gripped the bedpost until her knuckles

showed white. _



“How long has it been since Red Mur-

dock gave Belle that last dose of medi-

cine?", I asked, turning abruptly to her.



“Sir, Mr. Murdock has given her no

medicine. I attend to such matters,” she

answered shortly.



“So much the worse for you,” I said.

“Some one has given this poor girl an

overdose of an opiate, with what inten—





tion I will not say: but, if it was your

hand that gave her the potion, I‘ll see

that you have a chance to explain this

and certain other matters to a judge and

jury.”



She hesitated a moment. and I could

see that her hands on the bcdpost ,were

trembling; but she answered bravely:

“Sir. by what right do you speak to me

in this way? \l’hy do you threaten to

bring me before a judge and jury? Tl'hat

have I done?”



“\Voman," I answered shortly, “this is

no time to bandy words. I happen to

know that murder has been attempted

here; and I haVc the best of reasons to

think that Red Murdock’s hand gave the

fatal potion. But I have no time to talk

now. I must act at once. Your services

will not be required longer. (let ready to

leave at once. I will take you to Plum-

ville. Come, be quick.”



She threw back her head defiantly. “I

will not go. Mr. Rodney hired me, and

Mr. Rodney alone has the right to dis-

charge me. 1—” ‘



“'Wonlan,” I interrupted Sternly, “if

you are not ready in five minutes I’ll bind

you hand and foot and carry you to

Plumville by force. ‘Rodncy is out of this





/





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l

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i
' FEB. 24,1912;



game, and if he attemptsyto interfere :in

any way-hie» will find‘hi'mself in trouble.

Now I mean exactly what I say,” and I

took out my watch and held it in my

hand.



She gave one swift glance at my face,

as if to discover whether or not I would

do what'I said, and then, without utter-

ing a word, she began swiftly packing

her belongings into her gripsack.



“Teddy,” I called, “come here."



In a moment the boy was by my side.



“I am going to take the nurse to Plum—

ville at once,” I said, “and I want you to

stay in this room every moment while I

am gone, and take care of Belle. She is

asleep now, and I do not think she will

wake up before I get back. Little Joey

and Ellen can stay in here with you;

but I leave Belle in your especial care.

Uncle hasn’t time to explain anything

now. You will be my own brave boy and

do what uncle asks?” and I placed my

hand affectionately on his head.



“Yes, sir,” Teddy answered, promptly

and proudly, “and I'll see that no harm

comes to little Joey and Ellen; and you

needn’t hurry, Uncle John. I am not





afraid.”

“Uncle will want you to tell him all

about what happens when he comes





back; but now he is in a very, very great

hurry. Goodby,” and I stooped and kissed

the brave little face. “Come,” and 1

turned to the nurse. “Time is up.”



“I am ready,” she answered, and pick-

ing up her gripsack she followed me out.

of the room.



“Mr. Delvin," she said, as I helped

her into the buggy. “I warn you that I

will have the law on you for this high-

handed action and your slanderous words.

1 am a respectable woman, obliged to

cam my own living, and I will suffer no

man. no matter how big and strong he

is, to browbeat and threaten me with im-

punity,” and her small eyes glowed and

her harsh features vainly, endeavored to

take on a look of righteous indignation.



“Nurse,” I replied, “if I have wronged

you in any way, pardon me; but I am

compelled to take stern and decisive





measures, if I would save Belle Mur-

dock's life. A cowardly plot to murder

her has been discovered and circum—





stances seem to indicate that you are a

party to the plot. Until things are cleared

you are under suspicion. Pardon my

frankness; but I think it right that you

should know this. It would be. wiser for

you to tell at once all that you know

about this unfortunate affair; for the poor

girl’s sake and for your own sake it

would be best. Will you do it?”



For a moment her form trembled, her

face whitened, and fear looked out of her





eyes; and then her wonderful self-control

conquered.

“Sir,” she answered, and her small





wraihful eyes looked straight into mine,

“your assumption of my guilt, or at least

of my guilty knowledge of a crime that:

probably exists only in your jealous, heat-

ed imagination, is an insult to my wom-

anhood. if I was a man I would knock

you down; but, being only a woman and

in your power, I must submit to your in—

sults until freed from your presence. I

have nothing more to say,” and her teeth

came together with an audible snap that

said plainly: “You will get no infer-ma-

lion from me.”



I jumped into the buggy and whipped

up the 'lmrses. Time was too precious to

waste any of it just now talking to her.



When I reached Plumville I drove at

once to Doctor Goldthorp’s. Fortunately

he had just returned from a sick—call,

and his horse and buggy were at the

door. In a few words I told him the

condition in which I found Belle Murdock,

and asked him to go to her at once. .Doe~

tor Goldthorp swore, as only a good man

can when his righteous anger is aroused;

and, bidding me hurry Doc Anderson

along, he jumped into his buggy, and

drove away, his horse at a gallop, in the

direction of Red Murdock’s house.



Plumville is a small town, little more

than a village; moreover it is an unusu-

ally healthy locality, and two doctors are

amply sufficient to attend to all the phys-

ical ills of its inhabitants.



Doctor Anderson, a tall, thin, energet-

ic young man, was in his office. I sum-

moned him to the buggy and told him.

what I wished of him. Before I had fin-

ished speaking he was on his way to the:

barn. “This is a case where the loss ofa

minute may mean the loss of a life,” he

called back, as} he hurried away. “I’ll be

at Murdock's inside of a half an hour,”





" {me the" {5am deer closed behind him.





I





"‘Mr. Delvin, perhaps you will now

kindly drive me to the‘station. I wish to

catch the twelve o’clock train,” the nurse





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 





TflE MICHIGAN" “FARMER-





56.000332;





 





 





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decide to keep it, unless we were absolu ely sure of

our quality—and the long, satisfactory service this

Odiumbus will give you.





Columbus [Carriage and Harness Co.





“Famous Buggies For Over a Quarter of a Century”





2041 South High Street. Columbus. Ohio





Test





Or Not





If You Do Keep It





share profits with—no middlemen.





to sell a olumbus Buggy this way.

and a. bookkeeper to enter the factory order with ship-

ping instructions the day we et it; No buggies to carry

over, either, like the catalog ouses or dealers, or the

maker who puts out a lot 0 styles.



Here’s a brief description—~more facts and full dc-

toils are told in our big, rce portfolio. (let it.



You can have your c olce of 4 Auto-Seat styles

and many choices of colors. Full length water tight

genuine leather quarter top. Strong well-ironed and

braced poplar body. Long distance dustproo I‘ steel

axles. Oiltcmpered easy riding springs. Hot set:

round edge (iautier steel tires. Strongest hickory

wheels. Rear Circle interlocking fifth wheel.

Double perch gear. Reinforced steel how sockets.

Substantial heavy upholstering. Genuine leather

dash. Waterproof rain apron and boat in rear.

Quick shitting shaft COIlpliilL‘l'S. 8-Proug

steps. Strung, double braced i'ull trim‘

med shafts. Oil and lead painting.

Handsome a job as you’lisee on 1000

miles of road. You can’t beat it.





Write for Big Portfolio





an.





 





We Have Reorganized Our Entire Factory '*

To Make This Columbus Buggy Possible





OW you can have at Columbus Buggy—highest quality—for 350 direct from the factory. We’ve reorganized

Nobody ever expected it could be done.





father knew Columbus Buggies—you’ve heard of them since you were a boy—the best buggies made.

50 or 60 different styles or grades.

Or the biggest mail order catalog house would charge $67.50 and





—2 Years’Guarantee





-—We are satisfied with only 81 profit on each sale we make.

—We have no more heavy selling expense—no dealers to





-—And vou‘d be surprised to know how little it costs us

It‘s only the postage





NOTE:





Choice of 4

Auto-Seat and

Many colors





Fl . a

.i l .

rt L -

d l! U

gi‘iifil '

FREE—Today Sure fungi ; XI

v I





   





Your





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





I ~ \ —

‘ ~\<\._._,...__.._...-. -

\ i





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 

   





S ‘thd





_. i’“ ~-.E"





 





 





 





Grand pa’s Pride

.,.\Globe Onions





 





raised by one of my customers the GILBERTSON .

WAY. You can do this just as well as be. If you





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Here’s the point—there. is no good reason why you

can’t (Ivar $400 to $601) per acre, every year, instead ot

only $40 to $50 per acre, no matter where you live!





3311:5126‘2‘dldtté:fisxktittitli'.iltt‘§:" .. 1a,! .



‘ ' ' . , c ' ’ . 0w you or your my can use only arms, 1

ten years.$15.480 ne'tprohtper year from 40 acres! ' you don‘t want to try more, and make who mt

On ordinary Iowa land. I_ Will tell you how I . profit this year! No matter what you know about

also raised the value of this land, at the same onions. I will tell you how you can do justwhat I





 

 

 

 

 

   





‘h‘me, from $40 per acre to $1,20U per acre!. I will

pay all your expenses to M ason City and return,

no matter wher on live, if I don’t prove to your

satisfaction every claim I make!





A. O. GILBERTSON, Krop Krank





 





 





$948 Profit from 4 Acres





3 CROPS A YEAR WITHOUT WEARING OUT SOIL





 





An Alabama. farmer planted four acres of land in Irish potatoes. They netted him

5468—01' $117 an acre. He then planted the same four acres in sweet potatoes which

netted $480. Total. $948 Profit on Four Acres of Land. which yielded in addition a

thrifty forage crop.





Game New and See Such Crops Growing While Your Land is Still Frost-Bound





Learnwhat the energetic Northern farmer can

do in a country where there averages 312 work-

ing days a year. No long winters to tax your

resources—and land so rich that you can raise

three crops :1 season without wearing it out.



Banner Cross Country of the United States-

There is ten months’ good pasturage during

the year. Stock thrives on grazing alone :

there is always abundant water, no drouths

and no ‘blizzards. You don't need costly barns

for winter housing-you needn’t spend time





letters giving the actual experiences of men

who have left the high-priced land and rigorous

climate of the North for the fertile lands of

Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and

Western Florida.



LOW ROUND-TRIP RATES are in effect the

first and third Tuesdays of each month. Your

opportunity to see this beautiful blooming re-

gion while your farm is still in Winter’s grip,

and lean-tne what greiat tplrogts can be made on

even a w acres :1 e teat Central South

:hng mgfiy raisting bed to carry your ltock whgrehthe 1trimmers are not oppres sivo



u e w n er. ‘ an e w lets no colder than Northern



So forOwBooHoh and read hundreds of Octobers. (204)





 





 





G. A. Pmaon'l lamination.“ Industrial Ant" toulaville a. Nashville n.n..Room 256 LouisvilleJty.

Blissfield,





The Blissiield Robe and Tanning 00., was...





pays the freight on all hides that are to be made into fur coats and robes

Our prices are lower than any other concern doing this kind of



work. We tan coon, muskrat and mink skins. and make beautiful fur



coats. mufla and sou-ts for theladies. We would be pleased to send you our catalog which



tells all about our work.



BLISSFIELD ROBE 8: TANNING (30., Blissfleld, Mich.





 





 





 

 





 





 

 





or rmsfgfl.m§k:fi\ ./ 311‘" .

O . 8 00“ ~

migr‘iuamm’ -r~





 

 

 





 





VS





entail) ti on without reloading. I.

$11311- “ m3”: the tie-twain





 





   





small one. Free supply of shot. You can have this oirr m-onlyo

tutu nan-t. diam our nut-loner. Everybody will takeout. 11‘ 003T

name-ham Ila-om can't dispose of. Bend no non at

. D I 32A dgm.‘ t.





 





 





 





' say you can, with GRANI‘H’A‘S PRIDE GLOBE

' ONIONS, raised the (,‘z'lbnr/wi ll'tzy/



‘ chargeyou om: (mt for this information.

over this page before making a note to IVrz'te Today!





BOX 759, MASON CITY, IOWA





And I won’t

Don't turn





 





A Few Good

Positions Open





We have a few positions open for

men who will drive through the coun-

We will

salary and expenses. Experience not

The work is healthful and





it will





try. pay a regular weekly

necessary.

instructive,

Write,





teach you a busi-

giving

Box F, Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





ness. references, to





 





 





 





STOPS STOP! STOP!

Thirty Days Trial of





United States Bonded

Ell .- Burns as. igasoline.

kerosene distillate. no or these

1 2 ufldvantagos-J 2

131:. Paylfior itself in fuel uvin

. __.- in short tune. 2nd, No violent v:-

A. bunch, 8rd, Greatly reduced bulk.

4th, Easdy portable; mounted any-

where. 5th, Every engineéuu-t and

horse power guaranteed. tb, Ab-

solutely frost proof. 7th, Positively

economical running engine-

de. th, Only ems with pulley on





a u. . lo one-In

shaft.“ very slowcanc inzl. 10th.

n

lo





Mon. ignition.

11th wast t ' hr?!» Id.

: a. was; a...“ ova





 





 

 

   

   

 





 





u-nu '

IUD. Canal 8 0 III





 





Please mention the Michigan Earner when

you are writing to advertisers.
M’ nun Hm.“ w. HM..."





..._ c... m“--.—





. ,.é~“- ,





.: 11H..- ,1 s...





238" «30>





said, as I again took my seat in the bug-

gy. They were the first words she had

spoken since leaving Red Murdock’s.



“I will take you at once to your des-

tination." was my reply. ”But, before

doing so, allow me to suggest again that

you tell all that you know. I fancy you

will find it no easy thing to explain or

excuse your part in this matter to the

doctors, and that your arrest will follow.

It would be better for you if you told

your story now, freely and without co-

ercion. Shall I take you to a notary

public?"



For a minute or two she was silent,

the nervous clutching and unclutching of

her hands and the wrinkling of her white

forehead alone showing how great was

the real agitation of her mind. ’l‘hen her

face grew hard as rock, the defiant look

canu- back into her eyes, and I saw that

all the chstinacy of an unusually obsti—

nate and strong-willed woman was up in

arms, and I knew that I would get no

help from her, at least not at present.

.Her fear of, or her loyatly to, Harry Rod-

ney was greater than her dread of me or

of what I could do.



‘Mr. Delvin,” she answered, “I have

alrcady told you that I am not a peni-

tent. l have no crime to confess. I will

not endure your insulting insinuations

longer. .lTIrch me at once to the station.

or I will call for help.” ller thin White

lips were drawn tightly oVer her strong

white teeth, and there was a look on her

face which told me that she was prepar-

ing to take the bit hetwcen her teeth.



“if you (all for help it will not in the

least better results," I answered quietly.

“it would only make huhlic what I should

think you would prefer to keep hidden. I

am now on my way to the sheriff‘s to ask

him to detain you until this thing is

cleared up. I know Shrriff Bowlder well,

and can arrange w th him so that you

will appear to be his guest. This I shall

do, if you go quietly; otherwise I will be

('Hlllllcllwl 1') have you arrested and con-

luu-d in jail. (ll-t up." and I droVo on,

lwoping one eye on the rigid figure hesizle

me, ha I‘ expecting the woman to call out

or to jump from the buggy and take

leg—bail: but she kept lu-y scat, sitting

stiffly upright. and never uttered a word

again until wc stopped at the sheriff’s





L house.





Sheriff llowldcr was just coming out of

the door tn: I drove up. I explained how

matters, stood, and asked him if he would

take charge of the nurse until the doctors

ltpol‘lwl.



“Stun,“ he answered heartily. “Bring

the lady right, in. No one need know but

uhat she is the guest of my wife. unless

she obliges me to take harsher measures;

and I’ll guarantee, lh-lvin. that she‘ll be

on hand when wanted. Allow me to as—

sist you from the buggy.” and llc turned

to the nurse and offered her his hand to

help her alight. ‘



’l‘he mouunt thr- nurse stood on the

ground she turned toward me, her hands

tightly clutching the sides of her dress,

and said. the Venom almost dropping out

of her eyes: "I’ll get even with you for

this outrage, John Delvin. as sure as my

name is Jane \\'ixa,m. Now, officer, do

your duty. 1 am ready." and she turned

to tho slit-riff, with the air of a wood~n

tragedy queen.



“llol—ta-toi—ta!” (xclaimed the sheriff.

“You are making a burn out of a chick-

en coop. it is no outrage to be the guest

of my wife, Miss \‘x'ixam, and that is

what you are for tho prest-nt. So long,

llclvin,” and he turned and walked, with

the angry woman by his side, up the path

1.) the door of the house.



Chapter XVl|.—The Doctors Get Sus-



piclous.



I drove. at once and as fast as l dared

make the horses go, back to lcd Blur-

dock‘s, more anxious than Words can tcll

to know how it was with llelh-z for I

now felt absolutely certain that the secret

which llodney was attempting to guard

so desperately was the thing that had

come between Elsie Lamont and me, and

that its revelations would prevent this

tit't'Ul‘FOd marriage.



But, what could I do? Ilelle was un-

t-tluscious—fluissihly dying—«and the Secret

was still safe in her keeping. Rodney

would deny the interview he had had

with Red Murdock at the bridge. Besides,

l shuddercd at the thought of giving

publicity to the affair, and furnishing

food for all the scandal-mongers in the

county to roll their tongues over. For

Elsie’s sake Harry Rodney's true connec-

tion With the Belle Murdock case must

be kept secret; for, if it were known, her

name would soon be tossing about all over

the country. Yet, she must not wed

Rodney; and, as I sat in my buggy, grip-





 





ping the lines tightly and urging the

horses to their utmost speed, I vowed

that if Providence did not show me a

way to stop the marriage before Sunday,

1 would make one.



“'hen I was within a quarter of a mile

of Red Murdock’s I saw a horseman com-

ing swiftly down the road toward me.

At first sight I knew it to be Rodney on

his black stallion. For a moment he

halted in front of Red Murdock’s, and sat

staring at the buggies of the two doctors:

and then he roile slowly on. until, catch-

ing sight of me, he dug his spurs deep

into his horse’s flanks and rushed by like

a. whirlwind, the look of an ugly devil on





his face. As he passed he suddenly





swung his light riding whip and struck

a vicious blow at my face. So unexpect—

Cd was the cowardly attack that I had

no time to protect myself, and the lash

cut a deep furrow in my left cheek.





For an instant the red blood flooded

my brain, and I pulled up the horses

with a jerk that almost snapped the lines

in two; but Rodney was rods away, rid-

ing furiously, and there was nothing for

me to do but to bottle my wrath and

drive on, with a prayer that fate would

not long delay the uncorking of the bottle.



The moment I drove into the yard

l-leen hurried out of the house to meet

me.



“Oh. I’ncle John, I'm so glad you’ve

come!" she cried. "It’s awful. They are

pumping the insides right out of the sick

woman, and Joey is crying, 2111—” She

slave a little scream. “Your face is all

Moody! Oh, what is the matter, Uncle

John?”



I hastened to assure her that it was

only a scratch; and, catching her up in--

to my arms, hurried with her into the

house. I left Ellen in the kitchen with

’l‘uldy and .lm-y, and went into the sick

l‘tmlll.



Doctor (loldthorp and Doctor Anderson

were working over Belle with a stomach

pump.



“How is shc‘.’ "Will she live?”



“\\'cll, that is. for the good Lord to

say," ])H('ltlr (loldthorp answered. “Now,

Ilclvin, the best use you can make ‘of

yourself is to drive right over to Tom

\Vatson's and get his sister Ann. Belle

must have a woman nurse, and you can

trust .\nn not to giVe her an overdose of

anything. Tell her that I Said she must

come. Now, hurry. There is one chance

out of a hundred of pulling her through.”

.\nd the autocrat of" the sick room dis-

missed me with a wave of his hand and

gave his attention to Belle.



In half an hour I was back, with Ann

"\Yatson. She was a maiden lady, who

ought to have been married and the

mother of children, but whom Providence

had reserved for the special help of all

who were in trouble. She came eagerly,

and her kindly presence brought hope

and cheer into the sick room.



“She is now in the hands of God and

the nurse,” Doctor Goldthorp said sol-

emnly, in answer to my anxious look of

inquiry. “And in better hands she could

not be,” with a courtly bow to Miss \Vat-

son. “Now, Delvin, this way, pleaSe.

lloctor Anderson and I wish to speak

with you in private,” and he. led the way

out of the house. At my buggy he stop-

pcd and turned to me. .



“.l>elvin.” he said. “this is a terrible

affair. I do not know what to do or say.

.\ll<lt*1‘>'on and I feel quite sure that an

attempt has been made to drug that poor

girl into ill'l' grave. \\'e can account for

her condition in no other way; and yet

we do not care to swear to this before

a court of law, for there is the possibil—

ity of the drugs having been gchn to he;-

‘through ignorance or a mistake, and it

would he terrible to fasten even a sus—

picion of murder upon an innocent per—





son. 'llave l stated our position correct—-





ly, .\nderson?" 'lloctor Anderson nodded

an affirmative and Doctor (loldthorp con—

tinued: “Now, we wish to know. Delvin,

if you havo any reasons- to hclieVe our

suspicions correct?” and he looked at me

sharply.



“I have the same suspicions that you

have." I replied, after a. moment's

thought; “but, at present, I do not feel

juslilit'd in giving them a name. One can

not be too careful in such a serious mat-

ter. My advice would be to keep the

thing quiet, until we know something

definite; and, in the meantime, to guard

against the possibility of any one. tarn-

pering with Bellc’s medicine. I took upon

myself the responsibility of discharging

her nurse. She is now visiting Sheriff

Bowlder." Both doctors nodded approv-

ingly. “And, before' coming for' you, I

gave Red Murdock a horsewhipping for

striking Teddy, and advised him to clear





THE HmHIHAH HAHHHH





 





 

 





,-





7" .ed"Ml Means Years-‘01? V .g

‘ g and 8,000,000 Wearers'





Every pair of the famous “BALL-BAND”

Rubber Boots and Arctics and All-Knit Wool Boots

and Socks is trade-marked with the RED ball.



Only the [lie/zest grade of materials and work-

manship are allowed to receive this tirade-mark.



This is the “BALL-BAND” standard. It has

been in force from the very beginning.



“BALL-BAND” footwear has changed only in

one direction—tor the better.



This is why it has won more than eight million

wearers—why these millions will not be satis-

fied with anything else.



We could save one million dollars a.

year by putting less quality into I



But

in - all





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 





4“A°c





"BALL-BAND.” The loss





would not appear on the sur-

face of our footwear:

the years

this company





has not, nor will





’VI A R ‘C

it ever cheapen the

quality of its goods to

meet competition.

Look for the RED BALL

Sign when you go to buy rub-

ber footwear. Many dealers dis-

play these signs in their windows or

store fronts for the guidance of the

constantly increasing number who

are asking about “BALL-BAND”

footwear.



Whether you see the sign or not, you

are sure to find the RED BALL trade-

mark on all “BALL—BAND” goods. —_——-———-—-

lnsist on seeing it. It is your pro-

tection. Forty-five thousand deal-

ers in all parts of the country

sell “BALL—BAND” goods.

If your dealer cannot sup-

ply you,writeus_,



mentioning his

name, and we

will see that

you are fitted.





Mishawaka Woolen Mfg. Co.





Mishawaka, Indiana





“The House That Pays Millions for Quality”





\





 





   

 





   

 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

 

 





   





.-.__..=



__

____————==:

=_._————‘

__.___._.._.——

53:3

5

fl

==='==

.._...._.__———-

E

._.._____—

____—_—

_—=-___-—.__"—

_____._.—

m

g

m

____._-_—

=======

__———-_.____.___—-

a

g

g:

===

a

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ONE HUNDRED JUST SUCH BARGAINS IN

OUR NEW 1912 PRICE REDUCTIHWHICLE BOOK





 

 

 





Makes You

the Owner

of this

Beautiful,

Stylish





 





Seat Top Buggy





Think of it! Only $33:65—full purchase price—for this splendid latest style

Twin Automobile Seat Top Buggy, absolutely guaranteed for one year. Did you

ever heatzof such a tremendous bargain as this? We actually sell you a regular



, $50.00 Twm Automobile Seat Top Buggy for only $33.65. AND. REMEMBER. this

is Simply ONE instance. This is Just a SAMPLE of our many amazing bargains

on any and every kind of vehicle. Our 1912 Price Reduction Vehicle Book contains





ONE HUNDRED JUST SUCH BARGAINS.





Positively the greatest, most startling price making the history of

the vehicle busmess has ever seen. A guaranteed top buggy as low as

$29.90; a guaranteed runabout for $23.80; a guaranteed road cart for

$10.35. The same smashntg bargains on spring wagons, road wagons,

farm wagons, trucks, etc. We lead the world in vehicle prices because





we sell

DIRECT FROM OUR FACTORY TO YOU.





We manufacture more vehicles by far than any other concern in the

world. We make every single part. We eliminate all agents’, dealers’

and jobbers profits. You pay just one small factory profit. That’s

the secret of the hundred great bargains we offer. '





GET OUR 1912 PRICE REDUCTION VEHICLE BOOK No.75M69





Send ostai or letter—TODAY—AT ONCE—for our beautiful 1912 Price Reduc-

tion Veh ole pook No. 451169. Contains every one of these hundred great bargains

and full articulars of our THIRTY DAYS’ TRIAL and ABSOLUTE GUARANTEE.

This boo is FREE. Simply ask for it, and-we will send"- it~to you [prepaid by

return mail, together with full particulars of our special prices and terms.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Illinois.
:Dear Sire: .

, I am pleased to

my that through a

friend of mine I

secured the oppor-

tunity of becoming

a traveling sales-

man for the Sagi-

naw Medicine Co.

I find that it is

n. money-making

proposition.” well

as pleasant work.

for it certainly

gives a man a satis-

- . fled feeling when

he knows that the

line oggoods he ishandling lis securing a lot

of go ,warm fnendsforhim alloverhia

territory.



Toagreater or less extent I believe that

the line of goods I handle are responsible for

the cordial reception I receive wherever I go.

The goods give such good satisfaction that

the people are glad to see me come again so

that they can obtain another supply. All I

had to do was to introduce the goods on the

first trip and now they sell themselves. ,



The S. H. CO. PLAN. I find is the only

successful plan to do limitless and I think it

is complete. '1 also wish toiadd thtt the

Saginaw Medicine Company has proved to be

both boast and reliable. .



' Very u-nlyyours. J. W. WRIGHT.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





lTflE HIGHIGAI LINE





Mr. Wright‘s sales mounted to $954.10

in his first 68 days on the mad. and he attri-

butes some of his success to the fact that he '





was supplying the le of Michi an with a -

reliable line of m, 8 My

Romulus. Exit“. SM d m m manu-





factured right here in the Slate of Michigan.

We want our line represented by a hustler in

Eaton. Waahtenaw, Hillsdale. Barry,Jackson

and Branch Counties. Michigan. .



If interested, write for terms. Don’t miss

this opportunity.





THE ‘SABilMW IEDIWIE WIN.“





_ snmaw. m. ?

Mention this paper. .





 





 





 





 





 





 





Rom LEATHER Rosita-

Full 8 .

2:3“ 3:





Back—





 

 

 

     





picture; doesn't

this Rachel-look

inviting with

its high, broad,





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





. and deep roomy

spring leatilt's

-ede to last

, « orever, and“!

‘3?“ widearuls.sup-.



ported by six

,’ ‘ neatly turned

"‘T: l smooth spin-

dles. and mass-

ive frontoarved

posts, give it





thoroughly seasoned oak. high golden and gloss finish. Beet ‘

quality Black Royal Leather; workmanship firxtrclua. Price -





hut $333 makes it the biggest bargain ever ofiered. We

can afl-rd such values because we own our

own timber lands, sawmills. factories

and Inlesrooms. Money back if it is not -

worth double. Send for our large FREE cnsll

catalogue of l-‘umituri, Rugs, Curtains. etc.

Learn at once how much cheaper and better you can buy.for

cash direct from the manufacturers. We save you all extra

profits. Write NOW; better still. enclose $3.85 for this com-

fortable rocker. Order by number 670, Address





: (ll-ll)

UIICIIII-Llllllrll a n... 3862 W. 37th Street, clllcago.





 





 





 





CK:

CATALOG

FREE





 





 





 





 





 





PRINTED JULY 20. IOII





Save Your Valuable Papers!





Don't take ohanceswith tire—don't lose them.

ace them in this





Assowlli'v FIRE-PROOF BOX.





And you save many time. the price of the box if

fire should come. Sent. express prepald. on receipt

POSITIVELY - G uarnnteed.





8110 5 in. x 7111‘. x 18 in. Weight, 12 lbs.





SAFE" BEPilSll 88X 00.,-Batile Greek. Mich.





GENTs'Hm





\J .





The onl ‘ ' ‘.

stropper t

straps any





 





 





 





 





l





 

 





   





"We patented Automatic

lent Shopper Automatically puta





   





razor



. aperioctedge on any razor. old style or



g‘wougfi' dag. Big seller. Every man wants one.

“”22: In , Writ quick for terms. priest and territo



°' 0. a. MdtCnflaryOo..flW. B’dwayri’





 





 





SAVE I!“ Will” BILLS

fibril; Banner Emergency Cabinet.





.It contains nemediee, appliances and instructian

fortunate many minor ailments and lmunes,



50be aprominent physiollm, who has

had a M practice for you and knows

inst Whatie held: for EMERGENCY ASES.





The“ in am in. iii-lid is made of selected





luck with fin . Sold on an absolute

to ya new «Med- Price

5 “is“. Order at once he prepared





ileum.

,thn-r.fls. 00.. Igor—ll. Mich-





 





 





 





 





xemlnetlon

'llo. Wand





, 7 , m .

lint-gm. -'rlto omnnr. miner. Louis.





‘ out.





‘ turn and spend the night here.





'what had happened





i then Ellen said:





lilaPoly be ck .





bother.





So Ifancy that brute is well out of

the way. Now, the thing to do is to save

Belle, if possible. Can it be done, doc-'

tors?" ‘ 2 '

The two men shook their heads. .- “It

would be a. miracle if she recovered,”

Doctor Anderson said. “Her hurt is of

a most serious nature. She has not had

proper care, and that dose nearly finished

her. If we had been two hours later she

would have been deadf But, as Doctor

Gcldthorp says, she is now in the hands

of God and the nurse. I agree with you,

Delvin, about keeping things quiet. Now,

I must be going. Doctor Goldthorp will

stay until this evening, when I shall re—

But there

is little a doctor can do, except to watch

results. Goodby,” and stepping over to

his buggy hc drove rapidly away.

Doctor Goldthorp promised to send me

word the moment Belle became conscious;

and, calling Teddy and Ellen, we got

into the buggy and drove home. After





~ supper I took Teddy and Ellen with me





into the library, where we would be

alone, and asked them to tell me how

they came to be at Red Murdock's, and

there before my

coming.





“Well,” Teddy began, “while We were





Z eating breakfast we thought of poor lit-





tle Joey, and how hungry he was, and

' ‘Let’s take him some-

thing to eat, and see how the sick woman

is;’ and we got Mary Jane to put some-

thing good to eat in a basket-—”



“But we didn’t tell her where we were

going.” brokejn Ellen, “’causo Mary

Jane is funny, and thinks we are babies,

and wouldn’t let us go so far alone. So

we explained that we were going to have

a picnic, and wanted something extra.

good to eat; and she gave us some cook-

ies, and two big pieces of pie, and some

jelly, and four tarts, and bread and but—

ter. Mary Jane is awful good, even if

she is funny, and I like her,” Ellen con-

cluded.



“And when we got to the sick woman‘s

house," Teddy continued, “Joey was so

,glad to see us that he pretty near cried;

but the nurse was terrible cross, and

Wouldn’t let us go near the sick woman.

And We made a table out of one of the

chairs. and put the good things in the

basket on it; and then we played Joey

was a very rich man giving a feast to

his friends, and 'Ellen and I were the

friends; and We were having just a fine

time when the door opcned and Joey’s

father came in. He swore terrible), and

called us brats, and told us to go home,

and never to come there again; and then

we went into the sick room. Joey felt

terriblc, because we wore his company;

and he asked to excuse his pa, because

he——he#was sick; and he began to cry,

and wc tried to comfort him; and then

Joey’s father camc out of the sick room;

and he was terrible, terrible mad when

he saw that We had not gone. and he

kicked over the chair with our eating

things on, and he said he'd lick us until

We couldn’t stand if we didn’t get right

out, and~——” ' ,



“0h, Ifncle John." Ellen interrupted,

hcr face flushing and paling with the

emotions called forth by her vivid rc—

membrauces ol‘ the scene, “he’s an awful,





awful wickcd man, ’causc when Jocy

said: ‘Pleasc don’t papal, they're my

company,’ hcfihc—Aswore at Joey. and





started after him, and said he’d lick him

'until the blood run: and Joey screamed,

and tried to get away from him, but hc‘S

lame and he can’t run, and—an(l——Ol1,

Uncle John. hc hit him on the head with

his fist, and Joey fell down, and I thought

he was dead; and Teddy jumped and

stood right over little .Iocy as hc lay on

the floor, and shook his fist at tho big

man. Then the big man started for Ted—

(ly, and I screamed loudcl' than cver, and

he hit Teddy 0n the head and 'l‘wldy fell

down; and then you came. I don’t think

I was ever so glad to see anybody in my

Whole life!" and half sobbing she threw

her arms around my neck and kissed me.

‘My, but wasn't Teddy brave! I must

kiss him, too.”



A short time after the children had

gone to bed, and while I sat alone trying

to think out some way of saving Elsie





. from wedding the man whom I now knew





to be a villain and utterly unworthy of

her, there came a sharp rap on tho door;

and, when the door was opened, Teddy,

in his white nightgown, quickly stuck

his head in and asked: “ lncle John. can

I take Joey to the circus with me? He——

he'd be delighted; and Ellen and I will

take care of him so he won’t be the least

Can- 1, Uncle John?"



“Yes, but—" .



But Teddy waited for no buts. VVlth

a yell he whirled around and darted up-





 





~ THE MICHIGAN FARMER





stairs, shouting: “He can go,’ Ellen!

Uncle John says Joey can-go to the cir-

cus with us‘. Hurrah! Day after to~

marrow is circus day, and Joey is going

with us! Hurrah! Bully for Uncle John!"

and, for ten minutes or -more, I heard

Mary Jane trying to quiet the two chil7

dren, who were shouting and laughing

to each other about the good time they

were going to have with little Joey at

the circus.

(To be continued).





H EN RY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW.





 





 





BY AVA E. LAU'I‘ENSCHLAGER.



Next week will see another anniversary

of the birth of Longfellow, widely known

as the poet of the heart and the home,

a century and half, a. decade of years

having passed since he first saw the light,

Feb. 27, 1807. The now flourishing city

of Portland, Me., in which he was born.

was then a. forest-bound hamlet. Long—

fellow, like Dana, and Bryant, and

Holmes, inherited some of the best blood

of New England, being able, on his moth—

er's side, to trace his lineage back to

John Alden and Priscilla of early Puritan

fame. The Longfellows also were of

sturdy yeoman stock.



There is much that

little that is stirring, in the history of

Longfellow's happy boyhood. He was

surrounded by books and an atmosphere

of culture and refinement; he was given

every educational advantage that his na-

tive town could afford, and in his four-

teenth year he was sent, fully prepared,

to Bowdoin College, where he became a

member of the famous class of 1822').



.\l the age of eighteen he had already

skelcllul out for himself a plan of life.

very much like that which he eventually

lollowcll. “I will be eminent in some—

thing," he declared. His ideal was a

purely lilcl'ul'y life, but his practical fath-

cr gave him but little encouragement. In

1824 be whole to his son: “A literary life,

to one who has the means of support,

must he w-ry pleasant, but there is not

enough wealth ill this country to affur'l

encouragement and. patronage to mcrcly

literary men."



The ”lovely outlook in those days was

indeed a discouraging one. The future

seemed dark and forbidding even as seen

through the eyes of a youthful poet, and

so, with a sigh of regret, Longfcllow gavn

up his dream and resigned himself to iill‘

study of law, the profession of his father

and his grandfather.



J‘lut, duringr the autumn following his

graduation from collcgc, there came all





is attractive, but





cveut that changed the whole current of

his life. .\ chair of modern languages

“'21s to bc founded at Bowdoin: young





a suitable cum

in 1826 was





Longfellow was (lccmcd

didalc for tho position and

sent on a three ycal's‘ tour to Europe.

tllcre to pl'cpul'c himself for the work.

lie took up his (lulivs in 1829 and held

the position with grout credit to himself

until invited to abandon it for a similar,

but much more important, position at

Iiill‘Vill'li. llc was again askcd to visit

Europe. this lime for a period of eighteen

months, in or'lvr to llel'ft‘Pt himself in the

German language. llc was ready for his

life—work whcn he rclurncd to outer upon

his (lutics at Harvard. toward the cud of





1836. Thesc he continued to discharge.

ably and assiduously, until the summcl‘

of 1854, when llc rcsigncd his professor—





ship ill order

to literature.



In thousands of American homes Long—

fcllow is the only poct. lie has comfort-

cd thousands of sorrowing hearts and

pointed thousands to the star of hope.

He has touched all the chords of those

expcrienccs which are common to man—

kind. H1.- and lhc nameless





to dcvotc himself entirely





21S]!ll'lli inns





melancholy of youth: the dream of love;

the cndcarmcnls of home; the llcrce bat-

110 of manhood: the visit of death; the





vacant chair: tllc sunny mcmorics of age.

He was a singer in all keys. He under-

stood all the stops in the great organ

and struck all of its chords. The genial.

loving, kindly nature of the poet shines

from all his work.



No American has becn more universally

loved than Longfellow. When he died in

Cambridge, March 24. 1882, there was

mourning throughout the wholc land. All

felt that they had lost a near and dear

friend. His last words, penned only nine

days before his death, were in accord

with his whole life:



“0

32; 2.0323 32233.3 3332

It is daybreak everywhere}:



He is the only American, save Lowell

who has been given a monument in West:

mlnster Abbey, where England buries her

honored dead.





 

 





 

 





 





 





l'c'

Fashi ns “3

SPRING (53 SUMMER.





~ 177‘,» “3‘- .

life-r A, 7— wenJm

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m ill-l ill-“F: 72,—: .



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31m

OZMEN ,17 R, St. Louis.
an“, #4.. 9M . ‘5.





.~ ~w MA“- .





 





 





_ ~.W"HW,,...V<.M..M ,_, i





_- Kremmling, Colo. it hassaved me many‘a stick 6: gain. My ’recudn. as my stacks in mu’ 5 ‘ “ -' . m3 ' ' ‘



Wilbur Stock Food ('10., Milwaukee, Wis. horses are slick and nice, also are ‘work- condition, with 'less' ‘giia‘ln; mangh-wligg’eli :3: txfigfidéggEMFggé‘ryggi-cmm afidygg

Gentlemen.-—Encflosed find draft for $13. ing had every day. Will enclose watch commenced to feed it. - , .. . will do -more work' feed' your 501: and;

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v, - . ’ ; 4 - ‘OI‘S, am, - ' .T FRANK iRA . - t w ’ ‘- Ina

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thing on the market, but nothing to com- . _ , South Royalton, Vt. Wilbur Stock Food 00., Milwaukee, Wis. afford to ‘be Withouthitv‘ so 'lease'l’iui'ry“

pare “1th the Wilbur Stock Food. My Wilbur Stock Food 00., Milwaukee, Wis. ’Gentlemenzml haVeI used Wilbur Stock my jiVe p331 order’t ‘ ’ p - f'

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feeding three days, I noticed the change. sent me several weeks ago works to per- I have any stock,‘ whatever kind it may ’ ' ' '- JffiEysxgur\sV’rAGNER ll





let me fatten ’em 111) # -





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V' . r I‘.. ‘



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$°l BOX .





I Want to give you this big free $1.00

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. Wilbur’s Stock Food builds up run down horses——





 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 

 





Is it worth a two-cent stamp to write for my big free $1.00 box? D0





 





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500 uron L. i wau ee. is. ' I '

Please send me the FREE 31.00 box ou “Ian? t0 d?Uble your prgfits and save your hvc Stoc . If so, Cllp out $ 1 0 0 0 0 0

o: wubursswck room this coupon and mail today. i '

\ ‘\§ ( ‘1 I

Iowa—Jersehcattlegozhponltry. \ President \\\\\\\§ u Ya n t P. e .

\ ‘\ i ' 1:... .. :1 it "

u. “m ‘ WILBUR srocx FOOD COMPANY \ \ssl “if: , f,” if"?





 

 

 

 





500 HuronSt..Milwaukee.Wis. A . it... .i ..

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34-—-———__§w®mw®s





O R. F. D.





1"





 





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~ ruin. .