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The Only Weekly Agrieultural, Horticultural, end Live Stock

DETROIT. MICH” SATURDAY. MARCH 23. 1912..





 





 





 





‘





$1.00 A YEAR.

32.75 5 YEARS.





THEPOTATO. CROP—dis Importamce and PosSibilities.





F the various cash crops growu up-

0 on Michigan farms, potatoes are

7 first in rank of importance. This

is true, not alone because of the fact that

the aggregate value of the potato crop

will average greater than that of any

other cash crop grown upon Michigan

farms, but as well because this crop is

the sourcetof a part of the revenue upon

more Michigan farms than almost any

other cash crop which is generally pro-

duced.



For the reason that it is of such great

economic importance in Michigan agri-

culture, potato culture is worthy of the

most careful consideration of the great

majority of Michigan farmers to the end

that the crop may be made more pro-

ductive and thus more profitable to the

average farmer. That this has not been

the case,

careful study of the statistics relating to

potato production in Michigan for a ser-

ies of years, notwithstanding the fact that

the potato crop has been an important

cash crop on Michigan farms for several

decades. The statistics





however, would appear from a





in Michigan. With this fact in mind, as

well as the fact that the latitude of

Maine is not greatly different from that

of Michigan, or the better potato pro-

ducing sectiOns of Michigan, it will be

conceded that this difference of average

production cannot properly be ascribed

to climatic conditions. An examination





of the geological surveys of the two

states will show that the soils of

Maine, like those of Michigan, are ex-





tremely variable in character and com-

position.



But for some reason, and perhaps be-

cause the farmers of Maine have not so

many cash crops upon which to depend

for their revenue, they have apparently

given more study and attention to po-

tato culture than have the farmers of

Michigan, and for this reason they have

produced a potato crop approximately as

great as that of Michigan on something

less than one-half the acreage for a

number of years.



That Michigan farmers could double

the production of potatoes in our state





and be placed in a proper mechanicai

condition for best results with the po-

tato crop. The Maine growers, as a rule,

apply all available stable manure to the

ground intended for potatoes in addition

to allowing the aftermath of clover to

go back upon the land, and after ploy"-

ing the ground for potatoes apply high-

grade commercial fertilizer very liber-

ally, oiten using as much as one ton per

acre in addition to stable manure ap—

plied. They have also learned that it

pays to spray the potato crop as a pre—

ventive of blight, and this practice 15

almost universally followed.



These and other lessons need to be

generally learned by Michigan growers

if they would secure equally profitable

results in the growing of this staple cash

crop. ‘Plenty of available plant food

must be supplied so that the develop-

ment of both vines and tubers may be

rapid and continuous. The soil must be

placed in a good mechanical condition by

plowing dowu vegetable matter so that

it may be sufficiently retentiVe of mois-





general proposition, however, it is safe

to say that potatoes should be grown in

a short rotation of crops. The soil

should be fertilized liberally, both with

stable manure and with commercial fer—

tilizer for best results, the stable manure

being applied to clover sod early in the

spring, or better yet, the previous year.

Here, some readers will offer the objec—

tion that they find it impossible to de—

pend upon getting clover secdings upon

their farms. But for such there is special

encouragement in the use of potatoes as

a cash crop for the reason that clover

seems to thrive better when seeded after

potatoes have been grown the preceding

year than where any other cultivated

crop has occupied the land. The reason

for this is immaterial to this discussion,

but it is a fact which is generally recog-

nized by experienced potato growers, and

where the soil is very liberally fertilized

and given the best of culture, as it

should be for the greatest success with

this crop, there is a very apparent rea-

son for the fact above mentioned.



There are now annu—





 





compiled by the depart-

ment of agriculture

show the estimated av-

erage yield of potatoes

in Michigan for more

than forty years. Con-

sidering these averages

by decades we find that

from. 1872 to 1875 the

average per acre pro-

duction in this state was

85 bushels; from 1886 to

1895, 71 bushels; from

1896 to 1905, 82 bushels;

and-for the five-year pe-

riod from 1906 to'1910,

93 bushels. Thus, it will

be observed that there

has been no consider—

able increase in the av-

erage per acre produc-





 





tion of potatoes in

Michigan during this

period, and if we go

back still farther we





willlifind that the com—

parison is even less fav-

orable, since during the

period from 1866 to 1873

the average per acre

production was 97 bush-

els.



If, however, we look





 





 





ally grown in Michigan

around 350,000 acres of

potatoes with an aggre—

gate annual yield of

from thirty to thirty-

five million bushels. The

cash income from this

crop varies, of course,

with the supply and de-

mand, but in most re-

cent years has probably

averaged in excess of





$15,000,000 per year.

Except in the matter of

fertilizers and minor

details, it would cost

little more to double

this total income and





thus socure a net profit

at least fifty per cent





greater than that now

derived from this lead-

ing cash crop in our

state.



Surely it is well worth

whilc, and with a little

careful thought on the ,





part of the potato grow—

ers, a little more faith

in the potato crop as a

good investment and an

increased interest in

promoting its success





 





over similar statistics

for Maine, which state

produces the highest

average per acre yield of potatoes of

any in the country, we will find that

there‘ has been a very marked increase

in the average production. In the de-

cade from 1876 to 1885, the average per

acre production of Maine was 98 bush-

els; from 1886 to 1895, 110 bushels, from

1896 to 1905, 143 bushels, and from 1906

to 1910 inclusive, 205 bushels. It will

thus be seen that according to the most

reliable statistics obtainable the average

per acre yield in Maine'h‘asbeen dou»

bled during'a period When it was prac-

tically stationary in Michigan.



The large average yield in Maine is a

matter of common knowledge among our

farmers, but has been quite generally

ascribed by those‘to ~whose attention the

factsg'ave been brought to better nat—

ural conditions for potato production in

that state than obtain in Michigan. From

the study 'oftth‘ese statistics, however, it

will be at Ionce seen that this is not the

case, since, during the earlier years for

which statistics are‘ given .their produc-

tion was. little greater than the average.





from the area now planted is demonstrat-

ed by many examples which could be

cited, in, which successful growers have

produced crops for a number of years in

succession which have averaged a yield

fully double that of the average yield in

our state, and this in widely separated

localities and on different types of soil.

As a general proposition there has been

no definite system followed on most

Michigan‘farms in the preparation of the

soil for the potato crop or in the cultural

‘methods‘ followed in producing the crop-

This, however, is not the case in Maine

where the general practice, which has

developed as the result of experience. is

to grow potatoes in a three-year rotation

of potatoes, oats and clover, the oars

being sown-on the potato ground with-

out plowing and the clover seeded in the.

oats. ‘ _ ~V > _ , ~



The Maine farmers have, however,

learned an- importantlesson which is not

sufficiently appreciated by Michigan p0.-

tato growers, in that the- soil must be,-

supplied with an abundanceof fertility,,





A Load of 290l/2 bu. of Potatoes, for which Frank Lockrey, of Antrim County, Received $188.82.





ture to prevent the shortening of the crop

from untimely drouth. The culture giv—

en from the time the ground is plowed

until the crop is matured should be

with a view of conserving needed mois-

ture, as well as keeping the land free

from weeds. The seed should be treated

for the prevention of scab and spraying

should be practiced as a preventive of

blight, since it has been thoroughly dem-

onstrated by Michigan growers, as well

as by many authentic experiments, that

the yield will be increased sufficiently to

pay the cost-of spraying, even in seasons

when the blight is not prevalent. Last,

but not least, the commercial potato

growers should supply themselves with

improved machinery for planting and





digging, as. well as , spraying. .in order.





that the cost.of production may be re—

duced to a minimum. ' , _



.It is imposSible 'to‘ lay dOWn any set

rules to be followed .by growers who grow





the potato crop on a. commercial 'scale,,





since ,many factors. enter into the most,

economic solution of this problem. As a





throughout the growing

season will go far to—

ward making this desir-

able possibility an actual accomplishment

in our state, and there is no better time

than the present to inaugurate a cam-

paign to that cud.



Some few farmers will contend that

larger crops of potatoes mean cheaper

prices, and will cite the present Scarcity

and high price of potatoes as an exam-

ple to prove the point that it is better

not to increase the production for fear

of lowering values. But it would be

difficult to convince the Maine growers,

who this year had an average yield of

190 bushels per acre, of the soundness of

their argument. It is certainly sound

economy to produce the largest possible

yield from each acre of land devoted to

cash crops. The area devoted to such

crops may, of course, be wisely varied in

accordance with prospective conditions,

but by growing maximum yields at a.

minimum of cost the net profit from the

operatiOn of our farms may be largely

increased, and there is no better place to

begin than with the potato crop, and no





better time than the present.
346 (2) '





SMALL POTATOES FOR SEED.





 





A little over a year ago there was a

good deal said through the columns of

the Michigan Farmer in regard to using

small potatoes for seed. I don’t know

but I had as much to say then as anyone;

at any rate I said what I had to say, and

promised the readers of the Michigan

Farmer another trial for the season of

1911, and a. report of the same.





I noticed an item some time ago where

Brother Lillie said he thought perhaps

there had been enough said on the sub-

ject, but to keep my word good I must

say a little more. I said ,a year ago that

I was going to try for a larger yield per

acre. Now, everybody knows that we had

a peculiar season last year. which gave

some of us a chance for lots of experi-

ence. I think I was one to profit, there-

by, and while I didn't get as large a yield

per acre, 1, am well satisfied with my

crop, which is the finest in quality that

I ever raised. The men to whom I sold

it said it was a shame to put them in the

same car with common stock.



I will try now to give an explanation

of the way I treated my land and also

the crop. In the first place, I drew what

manure I could through the winter, cov-

ering about one-half of the' field. In the

spring I covered the other half with ma-

nure and plowed about five or six weeks

before I planted, in order to giVe a chance

for the weeds to sprout. I harrowed the

ground about once a week till planting,

which was begun as usual about the 22nd

of June. I think we finished planting the

26m or 27th of June. In recent years I

have planted at this time for two reasons.

First, it gives me a chance to harrow the

young weeds to death, which I can do

faster than with a cultivator, and, last.

but not least, to avoid the bugs. I would

say right here that I haven’t used one

pound of Paris green in three years on

my late potatoes.



You may begin to think that I have

forgotten about the small seed, but not





so. In the first place, I select my seed

at digging time, taking none quite as

large as a hen’s egg, unless it is some





that have stuck out of the ground and

turned green, which makes the seed of

stronger vitality. I plant whole seed, un-

less it is some of the larger green ones.

I sort my seed again at planting and I

am as particular about uniform shape as

I am about the size, or more so. I plant

a Rural type, if not very large. I think

the trouble with many having poor qual—

ity is that they plant anything that is a

potato.



I don’t intend to plant any scabby ones,

but I treat with formaldehyde so as to

guard against scab if there are any germs

on the potatoes. Last year I intended to

plant all whole seed but when planting

time came. I saw that I was going to run

short of seed to plant my whole field so

i told my help to cut some of the largest





ones, which was the worst thing I could"





have done, considering the season, for it

was so hot at planting time that the cut

sced didn’t come as well as the whole

seed. Ily examining I found that the

hills that had a small stalk or none at

all, invariably had cut seed and all of the

good hills had whole seed. which was

solid and hard when the cut seed was

rotted and gone, and the stalk only a few

inches high. I noticed. too. that on the

more sandy spots of the field the seed

came the poorest, which I think was

caused by being scaldcd. On those parts

of the field there was only about one—half

a stand.



I would say that part of the seed was in

the pit and wasn‘t taken out until plant-

ing time, and was then treated and plant-

ed right away, which I think was a bad

idea, especially when the weather is as

warm as it was last season. The part of

the field which was planted with this seed

was the poorest stand of all. But, con~

sidering the season, I am well satisfied

with my crop, for I got only five bushels

of culls and little (mes to each 100 bush-

els of good potatoes and not enough small

ones for seed to plant the same amount

of land next year. Some of the hills had

as many as 18 salable potatoes, so I think

if the season had been as good as the

year before I would have gained my 25

bushels per acre which I started in the

spring to do. I will plant small seed next

year without cutting. I will also practice

the process of greening, which I have ad-

vocated for years, but have not practiced

to any great extent on account of the

time required.



I would not advise those who intend to

plant on rather low and heavy land to

plow and harrow so much before planting

time, especially if the ground is inclined

to be wet, for it has a tendency to pack





THE MICHIGAN EARMER.





the soil too .much and the potatoes will

grow on top of the ground.



Thinking perhaps it will beef some hen-i

efit to someone I will send a. cut of the

sled which I use when picking up my

potatoes; a small boy can do as much as

a man for he don’t have to carry the





 





Take any suitable timber and





crate.

make a light, flat-bottom sled, 22 inches





wide by 30 inches long. Then make a

frame of twa pieces of 4x4 any length to

suit. Make it just wide enough for one

crate to set crosswise and nail strips on

the sides to keep the crates from sliding

off. Be sure and put the cross-piece on

the back end far enough ahead to permit

small stones to pass under. Such a sled

is light and can be turned around in a

very small space. A person can pick up

the back end and carry it around when

turning at the end of the row even if

there are four full crates on the front end,

for the tw0 ahead of the bearing will

offset thetwo next to them.



' Montcalm Co. E. M. WoomuN.





SOME ALFALFA DONTS.





 





 





The agricultural press and many public

speakers have so insistently harped on

the many things necessary to do and not

to do to get a successful stand of alfalfa

that_ the great majority of farmers have

fought shy of the crop entirely, not want-

ing to have anything to do with any crop

one had to be so particular with.



Now, brother farmer, “don‘t" pay too

much attention to what these sources

have been telling us in the past. In the

first place, don’t forget that alfalfa is as

much better than June clover as June

clover is better than June grass, and then

some. Don’t forget that under normal

conditions it will “ketch” sown with an-

other crop more surely than will June

clover. Be sure to note that expression,

“under normal conditions.” These em-

brace practically only the one thing, prop-

e'r inoculation. This must be provided for

in some way or another. If the soil is

very fertile it will practically take care

of itself. If it is not, the liberal use of

barnyard or stable manuree, will‘ take

care of the question. Without the fertile

soil or good manure, it will be necessary

to either use inoculated soil, either from

an old alfalfa field or a sweet clover

patch, ‘or take a little longer and sow'a

pound or two to the acre of alfalfa seed

in all the clover sown on the farm from

now on till the whole farm has been seed-

ed over in this way.



This is about all there is to the alfalfa

questiOn more than there is to the clover

question. They say we must have plenty

of lime to grow alfalfa. That may be

true, but much of our soil has plenty of

it. If clover will take to the soil readily

so will alfalfa. If it is.difIicult to get a

clover stand on account of acidity of the

soil it will be the same in relation to al-

falfa. Many a field in this state has

grown splendid and abundant crops of

alfalfa without ever even hearing of ap-

plications of lime. So far as this is con—

cerned, whatever you can do with clover

you can do with alfalfa under “normal”

conditions. Just fix up these conditions

and this part of the proposition is dis-

posed of for all time. There is a little

extra work or attention necessary to do

this, but no great amount of thought, so

we need not let our heads ache very much

over this phase of the question. \Vhat

We need is to get a vision of the value of

alfalfa and then go after it with the same

sticktoitiveness that We employ in grow—

ing clover will give us successful alfalfa

stands and crops.



Don't be fooled by the term “nurse

crop,” as applied to any crop with which

we may seed alfalfa. If you want to call

it anything, call it robber crop, and then

when you sow your alfalfa with your

wheat, rye, barley or oats, you will realize

that it simply is a gamble as to whether

or not you will get a successful stand of

the alfalfa. This ‘is really all there is to

the nurse crop question. If we want to

be sure to secure a successful stand of

the alfalfa, especially if we haVe never

grOWn it on the same land before, just

leave out the robber crop and plow the

land early, work it thoroughly till some-

where around the middle of June and then

sow the alfalfa alone: If the land is once

inoculated for the alfalfa as it now is for

clover. we stand fully as good a chance

of getting a successful stand if we sow

with a robber crop as we do when We sow

clover in this way. Until we get this





,land.





5‘ ’





inoculation provided for we had better

go a little slow but sure in order to get

the best results possible at'the very out-

set in growing the crop. If we find that

we can go ahead with the alfalfa just as

we do now with the clover, why, of

course, that is the thing to do. I happen

to have a farm that takes to alfalfa as

naturally as a duck to water and I can

get a better stand of alfalfa sowing with

another crop than I can of clover.

Alfalfa vs. Clover.



This leads me to the next step, that of

cutting out the clover as a crop entirely

and sowing nothing but the alfalfa, just

what every sensible farmer will do in the

near future, providing he wants to get

the greatest returns from his soil and

labor with the least deterioration to the

This, of course, runs up against

another, or two, of those stock “don’ts.”





For if We seed to alfalfa only in our seed-.





ings this means that it will have to take

the place of clover and the grasses in

pasture as well as hay. We have been

told that it is dangerous to pasture it,

both on account of the stock and also the

alfalfa itself. That is another thing that

folks know that isn't so. Any man that

can pasture- red clover can pasture al-

falfa. The same set of brains that are

necessary to work in the one case will do

very well in the other, with no more dis-

astrous results. Now I know this can be

done in Michigan, for I am doing it' with

all kinds of stock. Farmers in the south,

southwest, west and northwest, are lay-

ing it down by the thousands of acres for

pasture purposes only. What those farm-

ers can do in those regions we can do

right here in Michigan.



And here we run against another

“don’t." They say don’t try to raise it

on certain kinds of soil, one man says one

kind, another says another, and in the

main both are wrong, for we can raise it

successfully on any kind of soil in Mich-

igan, providing only that it is reasonably

Well drained, and this provision applies

in every region or country where it is

grown. In other words, Michigan is just

as much of a natural alfalfa state as any

other state in the union, so do not hesi-

tate to grow it, no matter what kind of

soil you may have. Another thing about

pasturing alfalfa. It is not nearly so in»

jurious to the plant as they try to make

us believe. Three years ago I pastured

a two-year-old seeding so short that there

was nothing green to be seen on the

field. A flock of rams ran on it till we

were forced into winter quarters by win»

ter weather. The next summer there was

at least three tons to the acre cut off that

piece the first cutting. Mr. Waterbury,

of the Michigan Farmer, knows this field

for he has had to pass it every time he

went to and from the city to his summer

home at the lakes. That field is a splen-

did stand yet and in spite of the very

dry season in that section of the coun-

try last summer, it afforded at least three

times the tonnage of hay that any new

clover seeding furnished in that same

region besides a lot of fall pasture after

the third crop of hay was cut.



How Much Seed?



Another “don’t” which it is well to

note is that we should not sow nearly as

much seed as the most of them tell us to

sow. It would seem as though the alfal-

fa teacher either has a stand-in with all

the seed dealers or else he does not want

the other fellow to succeed when he does

try to grow the crop. Ten pounds per

acre is a great sufficiency of seed to sow,

providing it is good seed. 1 am not at

all sure but that this is about two times

too much. I notice that in North Dakota

one of their college men advises only five

pounds per acre. I do believe that the

novice stands a far better chance of get-

ting a strong, permanent stand with five

pounds of seed to the acre than he does

with 15, let alone with 20 pounds. The

more unafovarble- the conditions obtaining

for getting a start of alfalfa the greater

the necessity there is of sowing less seed

to the acre. Ten pounds will give a

stand of anywhere from 20 to 40 plants to

the square foot, and that is altogether too

thick a stand, especially if the land is

not in first-class shape and the weather

is somewhat unfavorable. If you double

that amOunt of seed per acre the stand

becomes impossible in case of these ad-

verse conditions for the plants literally

starve and 'kill one another off and in the

end those left are not as strong as they

would haVe been had théy had more room

and a better chance all the time. Let us

keep in mind that if we could have at

least one good thrifty plant to every

square foot when the seeding is three

years old, we have an excellent stand that

will ordinarily give us a maximum crop

of hay. Therefore, don't sow more than





 





*MARCH'zs, 1912..

ten paunds per acre. unless you simply





want to spend money for alfalfa Seed just

for the fun or honor or glory of buying it





and do not care whether or not you set





a successful stand.



You. notice all these "don’ts” tend to

simplify, rather than complicate, the

problem of alfalfa on Michigan farms. Do

not be afraid of them because they have

all worked satisfactorily and will do it

again. Therefore go after it at once, for

it is the greatest forage crop ever grown

on a Michigan farm, all things consid-

ered. It will double the‘value, because it

doubles the productivity of any land we

may grow it on. So, finally, don't be fool-

ish or lazy or indifferent, but hustle this

very spring and start getting a. vision by

sowing at least some alfalfa. It is two

dollars a bushel cheaper than clover this

year so we can break away from the old

idol a little- easier possibly, anyhow, get

ready to make a start and "don’t" think

of not doing it. '





Oakland Co. E. M. MOORE.





 





GROWING ALFALFA IN MECOSTA.

COUNTY.





 





For a number of years I have been

reading about alfalfa, and experimenting

with it, and while 1 am well pleased with

it I think it is harder to get it established

here than in some. other places.



First, the alfalfa winter-kills some the

first winter and needs to become accli-

mated the same as corn has been.



Then the soil must be inoculated, which

may be done with cultures if the cultures

are not exposed too much to the sun. I

sowed mine on a cloudy day, harrowing

as fast as sowed, and secured a good

inoculation. Then, this is a great place

for June grass to grow, and we have to

get after the June grass hard to kill it.



Plow early and work well in potatoes

or corn, then fall-plow and harrow well

in the spring until the ground is well

cleaned of weeds and grass, sowing about

corn planting or just after. On one very

light spot I spread some rotten hay and

allowed the grass to grow through it one

summer before plowing it up, with good

results. When sown too early alfalfa

grows slow at the start and lets weeds

and grass get the start of it. If sown too

late it winter-kills badly the first year.



My ground was full of alsike seed and

the two did well together, making fine

hay, maturing well together and drawing

from the ground evenly, as alsike roots

on the surface, while alfalfa roots deep,

making an ideal combination.



Alfalfa seems to pack very close in the

mow and I have to be careful not to feed

too much bulk. I find stock tires of it

if overfed, and anyhow, as it is not a bal—

anced ration, having an excess of protein,

it should be fed with other feeds that are

deficient in protein, such as corn, corn

fodder and straw. When used to balance

other feeds I think one ton of alfalfa hay

is worth about as much as one ton and

a half of common hay. As it seems to

seed well, (at least, in dry years), I see

no reason why it should not pay well to

raise our own seed, and I think home-

grown seed w0uld likely do better here

than any seed we would be likely to get

elsewhere.



Mecosta Co.





INTERESTING WHEAT EXPERIMENT.





F. G. SMITH.





 





 





An increase in wheat yield from 41/2

bushels to 381/3 bushels per acre, due

wholly to difference in methods of prepar-

ing the land before seeding, certainly

seems extraordinary, but this was done

in an experiment made last year at the

Kansas Experiment Station by Professor

L. E. Call. Land disked, but not plowed,

cost $1.95 per acre for preparation and

produced 41/4 bushels of wheat per acre.

Land plowed three inches dctcp, Septem-

ber 15, gave a yield of 14%, bushels but

when plowed seven inches deep, Septem-

ber 15, gave a yield of 15% bushels. Land

double disked July 15, to save moisture

and plowed seven inches deep, September

15, gave a yield of 231,3, bushels, but when

plowing was done August 15 and worked

sufficiently to preserve a soil mulch there-

after gave a yield of 27%; bushels per

acre. Land double disked July 15. to save

moisture and plowed August 15,,setven

inches deep, produced 34% bushels per

acre. When the land was plowed July

15, seven inches deep, the yield was 38%

bushels per acre. After paying for the

cost of preparation there was left $25.74

per acre, the largest net return of any

method under trial. This is an argument

for disking oat stubble intended for wheat

as soon as possible after the cats are

cut to conserve moisture on Michigan

farms. '





 





 





p
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MARCH 23, 1912.‘

DR. HOPKINS ON SOIL FERTILITY.





 





In his addresses before the recent meet-

ing of the ROund-Up Institute held at the

Michigan Agricultural College, Dr. C. G.

Hopkins, of the agricultural department

of the University of Illinois, aroused much

interest, thought and comment. Perhaps

no series of addresses given along agri—

cultural llnes has so stirred a Michigan

audience as did these, and while many of

the pet and patented theories held by the

multitude for many years were given a

hard blow, yet the masterly grasp of his

subject coupled with an ability and cour-

age to say what he. knew, gave the doc—

tor a permanent place in the confidence of

those who heard him.



Method and Value of Soil lnvestlgatlons.



The above was tlie‘subject of Dr. Hop-

kins’ first address. He first impressed

the necessity of giving facts more weight

than theories in our study of soil condi-

tions. Facts are definite, theories may

be wrong or misleading. It is often true

that farmers are more able to interpret

facts than is the man in the laboratory,

consequently the practices that have re—

sulted from the hundreds and thousands

of years of actual experience in the field

should not be set aside readily to give

room for the findings of some man who

declares to have found a panacea for the

the soil's ills. At the Rothamsted agri-

cultural station in England one field that

has been sown to wheat for 55 consecu-

tive years now produces an average yield

of 12.9 bushels per acre; another field

yields 35 bushels with a different method

of culture, while a third field in which is

a. still different system of treatment, is av—

eraging 37.1 bushels. These facts should

indicate to the practical man that there

is a difference in the way in which the

soil is managed.



There are a number of factors which

enter in the production of maximum crops

in a permanent system of agricultuic.

Seed may be mentioned as the first of





these. It is important that the seed be

good. Cato, in some of his works, recog-

nized this. The use of good seed has been





practiced for centuries, as have many of

the other agricultural practices which the

present day farmer thinks belong alone

to this generation. There is valuable in-

formation in the books of the Greeks and

Romans written before the dawn of the

Christian era. Alfalfa was grown then to

enrich the soil. These men also laid much

stress on the use of a good seed supply

and declared seed to be an important

factor in the production of good crops.





A second factor is the preparing of the





seed bed. The ancients understood the

necessity of this also. Dr. Hopkins re-

ferred to the reference made by the





Master in his parables when he cited how

that the seed falling upon good ground

sprang forth and produced an abundant

harvest.



A third factor is the control of the

amount of moisture. Comparatively

speaking. we are not able to control the

supply of water very much. However, a





little regulation of soil moisture often

means considerable in the outcome of

a crop. But contrary to the general un—





derstanding, the speaker gave- the results

of an experiment conducted at the Illinois

station covering a period of ten years

where, in two plots of corn, one was cul-

tivated often and the other, after being

planted under the same conditions as the

first, was not cultivated at all, the weeds

being cut to keep them from robbing the

corn of plant food. The average yield of.

the two plots was identically the same.

Here, he added, the theory of moisture

conservation through cultivation appears

to be contradicted.



A fourth factor is heat. We have little

control over heat; however, by carefully

underdraining our fields, thereby remov-

ing surplus water, we are enabled to raise

the temperature of the land, for, while it

takes a calory of heat to raise one cubic

centimeter of water one degree of tem—

perature, it takes 80 calories of heat to

evaporate that water. It can therefore

be seen that if the soil contains an ex-

cess of water it will not warm up as

quickly in the spring. Soils well drained

are ready for growing crops earlier than

are wet soils.



The fifth factor mentioned was light.

We have little control over light, although

the element is so important in the devel-

opment of crops. We often drill the nurse

crops north and south that the clover be-

tween the drills may get more sunshine

before the nurse crop is taken away.



The last factor mentioned by the doctor

was the necessity of plant food, which he

declared to be as important in the grow-

ing of plants as animal food in the pro-

duction of live stock. Thirty years’ work





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ‘ m





at the Pennsylvania station, where a ro-

tation of clover, corn, oats, and "wheat.

was followed, showed that without the

addition of plant food four acres produced

$60; where farm manure was applied four

acres of like soil produced $88.91, and

where commercial fertilizers were also

added, $91 worth of crops were taken

from four acres of similar land.



In answer to the question as to how

shall our crop yields be kept up, Dr. Hop-

kins stated that we must do it through

the use of plant food. He believes that

plant food is of more importance in con-

sidering the factors that go to produce

a maximum crop, than humus. and cited

to sustain his belief the inability of peat

bogs to produce large yields although

well supplied with humus. Farm manure

stimulates the soil to yield up plant food

already contained therein, besides adding

other plant food. But our practice in the

use of farm manure is quite inadequate

in maintaining productiveness. We usu-

ally add about six tons per acre when the

land is being plowed for corn. This six

tons contains about 60 lbs. of nitrogen. If

we grow 125





takes out of the soil 105 lbs. of nitrogen.

Should we take off a second crop of corn. ‘

as is done when following the rotation of;

corn, corn, oats and clover, We take out‘





another 105 lbs. of nitrogen. Then the

third year a crop of oats yielding 60 bush-

els will take from the soil 60 lbs. more

of nitrogen. So that, at the end of the

third year after applying the manure

we have taken from the land 270 lbs. of

nitrogen while we have added but 60 lbs

The land is then seeded to clover. How-

ever, should he remove the hay from the

land the clover does not add to the land

any more nitrogen than is taken out of

it for growing the crop Our account,

therefore, with the soil for the four years

shows that we have run short of nitrogen

by 210 lbs.



cht the speaker tried to dispel the

erroneous conclusions held by so many,

that a rotation of crops improved our

soil. A rotation merely enables us to rob

the soil in a shorter time. Of course,

there are advantages in a rotation of

crops, such as avoiding damage from in-

sects, bacterial and fungous diseases, dis—

tributing of labor to better advantage,

releasing plant food that is not readily

available, etc., but the fact that by ro—

tating we release this plant food more

liberally proves that the food in that soil

will be the quicker depleted, provided no

additional plant food is added. To enrich

the land we must plow under clover or

other legumes, feed the plants grown and

return the manure with additional food in

other forms.



There are ten elements concerned in

the growth of plants. They are all need-





ed. Five of them are provided by nature.

in quantities sufficient, that we may over- "

Oxygen and carbon come?





look them.

from the air. Hydrogen is furnished from

water. Sulphur is gotten from inorganic

sulphates, and iron is plentiful in all soils.

But the supply of nitrogen, potassium,

phosphorus, calcium and magnesium

needs to be watched.



Only the plant food in the soil moved

by the plow should be considered. A rich

sub-soil below a worn—out surface does

not give a productive field and makes a

property of little value for bringing net

returns. In England, at Rothamste-d.

where for 55 years turnips had been

grown on one plot to which no plant food

had been added, and on another where

plant food was added so that the yield of

the former was one-half ton per acre and

of the latter 20 tons per acre, it was

found that in the first nine inches of the

first plot there were 2,560 lbs. of nitrogen

and in the first nine inches of the second

there were 3,130 lbs, while in the second

nine inches of the first plot there were

2.021 lbs. of nitrogen, and in the second

plot 2,058 lbs. of the same element. Thus

showing the small amount of plant food

in the sub-soil was not affected material]?

by What was put in the surface soil.





SEED CORN BREEDING.



It is surprising what increased yields

careful breeding and improved, up-to-

date cultural methods will produce.



The improvement of your seed corn is

not a very difficult task. Have a seed

plot a safe distance away from your other

corn, and your neighbor’s corn. Plow it

early. Work it down thoroughly. Har~

row it often. Be sure to work it as soon

as dry enough, after every rain, for this

will conserve the moisture, and keep

down all weeds; quite important items.



There must be plenty of available plant

food, as well as sufficient. humus. Better

give it a. liberal application of a complete





I





baskets of corn that cropI‘





 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





 





347 .





The Open Doors





 





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Highway





 





 





   

 





' n "N." '. . .1

i‘ ‘l/ ‘I... H ‘1",

of} 16-, I?“ &\“i\ I

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The Bell system opens more

than six million telephone

doors so that each subscriber

lean talk with any other subscriber.





;It provides a highway of universal

communication to open and connect all

these doors.





I It also furnishes the vehicle for use on this high-

way, to carry speech from door to door throughout the land.





The Bell highway is used daily by more than twenty million



people—all telephone neighbors— by means of universal



service.



AMERICAN TE'EEEHcN'e "We ‘TEL'EGRAEEl Qumran!

AND ASSOCIATED CTOM‘EZKN'IES.





One Jystem Universal Jervice





 





 





 





One Policy





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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When Writing to advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer.
346 (2)





SMALL POTATOES FOR sEED.





 





A little over a year ago there was a.

good deal said through. the columns of

the Michigan Farmer in regard to using

small potatoes for seed. I don’t know

but I had as much to say then as anyone;

at any rate I said what I had to say, and

promised the readers of the Michigan

Farmer another trial for the season of

1911, and a report of the same.



I noticed an item some time ago where

Brother Lillie said he thought perhaps

there had been enough said on the sub-

ject, but to keep my word good I must

say a little more. I said .a year ago that

I was going to try for a larger yield per

acre. Now, everybody knows that we had

a peculiar season last year, which gave

some of us a chance for lots of experi-

ence. I think I was one to profit, there—

by, and while I didn’t get as large a yield

per acre, I am well satisfied with my

crop, which is the finest in quality that

I ever raised. The men to whom I sold

it said it was a shame to put them in the

same car with common stock.





I will try now to give an explanation

of the way I treated my land and also

the crop. In the first place, I drew what

manure I could through the winter, cov-

ering about one-half of the field. In the

spring I covered the other half with ma-

nure and plOWed about five or six weeks

before I planted, in order to give a chance

for the weeds to sprout. I borrowed the

ground about once a week till planting,

which was begun as usual about the 22nd

of .Iune. I think we finished planting the

26th or 27th of June. In recent years I

have planted at this time for two reasons.

First, it gives me a chance to harrow the

young weeds to death. which I can do

faster than with a cultivator, and, last,

but not least, to avoid the bugs. I would

say right here that I haven’t used one

pound of Paris green in three years on

my late potatoes.



You may begin to think that I have

forgotten about the small seed, but not

so. In the first place, I select my seed

at digging time, taking none quite as

large as a hen’s egg, unless it is some

that have stuck out of the ground and

turned green, which makes the seed of

stronger vitality. I plant whole seed, un-

less it is some of the larger green ones.

I sort my seed again at planting and I

am as particular about uniform shape as

I am about the size. or more so. I plant

a Rural type, if not very large. I think

the trouble with many having poor qual—

ity is that they plant anything that is a

potato.



I don’t intend to plant any scabby ones,

but I treat with formaldehyde so as to

guard against scab if there are any germs

on the potatoes. Last year I intended to

plant all whole seed but when planting

time came. I saw that I was going to run

short of seed to plant my whole field so

l told my help to cut some of the largest

ones, which was the worst thing I could

have done, considering the season, for it

was so hot at planting time that the cut

seed didn’t come as well as the whole

seed. By examining I found that the

hills that had a small stalk or none at

all, invariably had cut seed and all of the

good hills had whole seed, which was

solid and hard when the cut seed was

rotted and gone, and the stalk only a few

inches high. I noticed, too, that on the

more sandy spots of the field the seed

came the poorest, which I think was

caused by being scalded. On those parts

of the field there was only about one-half

a stand.



I would say that part of the seed was in

the pit and wasn‘t taken out until plant-

ing time, and was then treated and plant-

ed right away. which I think was a bad

idea, especially when the weather is as

warm as it was last season. The part of

the field which was planted with this seed

was the. poorest stand of all. But. con—

sidering the season, I am well satisfied

with my crOp, for I got only five bushels

of culls and little ones to each 100 bush-

els of good potatoes and not enough small

ones for seed to plant the same, amount

of land next year. Some of the hills had

as many as 18 salable potatoes, so I think

if the season had been as good as the

year before I would have gained my 25

bushels per acre which I started in the

spring to do. I will plant small seed next

year without cutting. I will also practice

the process of greening, which I have ad-

vocated for years. but have not practiced

to any great extent on account of the

time required.



I would not advise those who intend to

plant on rather low and heavy land to

plow and harrow so much before planting

time, especially if the ground is inclined

to be wet, for it has a tendency to pack





the soil too _much and the potatoes will

grow on top of the ground.-



Thinking perhaps it will beef some ben-

efit to someone I will send a cut of the

sled which I use when picking up my

potatoes; 8. small boy can do as much as

a man for he don’t haVe to carry the





     





crate. Take any suitable timber and

make a light, flat-bottom sled, 22 inches

wide by 30 inches long. Then make a

frame of two pieces of 4x4 any length to

suit. Make it just wide enough for one

crate to set crosswise and nail strips on

the sides to keep the crates from sliding

off. Be sure and put the cross-piece on

the back end far enough ahead to permit

small stones to pass under. Such a sled

is light and can be turned around in a

very small space. A person can pick up

the back end and carry it around when

turning at the end of the row even if

there are four full crates on the front end,

for the tw0 ahead of the bearing will

offset the two next to them.

Montcalm Co. E. M. WOODMAN.





 





 





SOME ALFALFA DONTS.





 





The agricultural press and many public

speakers have so insistently harped on

the many things necessary to do and not;

to do to get a successful stand of alfalfa

that_ the great majority of farmers have

fought shy of the crop entirely, not want-

ing to have anything to do with any crop

one had to be so particular with.



Now, brother farmer, “don’t" pay too

much attention to what these sources

have been telling us in the past. In the

first place, don’t forget that alfalfa is as

much better than June clover as June

clover is better than June grass, and then

some. Don’t forget that under normal

conditions it will “ketch” sown with an-

other crop more surely than will June

clover. Be sure to note that expression,

“under normal conditions.” These em-

brace practically only the one thing, prop-

er inoculation. This must be provided for

in some way or another. If the soil is

very fertile it will practically take care

of itself. If it is not, the liberal use of

barnyard or stable manuree, will".take

care of the question. Without the fertile

soil or good manure, it will be necessary

to either use inoculated soil, either from

an old alfalfa field or a sweet clover

patch, ‘or take a little longer and sow‘a

pound or tw0 to the acre of alfalfa seed

in all the clover sown on the farm from

now on till the whole farm has been seed—

ed over in this way.



This is about all there is to the alfalfa

question more than there is to the clover

question. They say we must have plenty

of lime to grow alfalfa. That may be

true, but much of our soil has plenty of

it. If clover will take to the soil readily

so will alfalfa. If it is.difficult to get a

clover stand on account of acidity of the

soil it will be the same in relation to al-

falfa. Many a.‘ field in this state has

growri splendid and abundant crops of

alfalfa without ever even hearing of ap-

plications of lime. So far as this is con-

cerned, whatever you can do with clover

you can do with alfalfa under “normal”

conditions. Just fix up these conditions

and this part of the proposition is dis-

posed of for all time. There is a little

extra work or attention necessary to do

this, but no great amount of thought, so

We need not let our heads ache very much

over this phase of the question. \‘i’hat

We need is to get a vision of the value of

alfalfa and then go after it with the same

sticktoitiveness that We employ in grow-

ing clover will giVe us successful alfalfa

stands and crops.



Don't be fooled by the term “nurse

crop," as applied to any crop with which

we may seed alfalfa. If you want to call

it anything, call it robber crop, and then

when you sow your alfalfa with your

wheat, rye, barley or oats, you will realize

that it simply is a gamble as to whether

or not you will get a successful stand of

the alfalfa. This is really all there is to

the nurse crop question. If we want to

be sure to secure a successful stand of





'the alfalfa, especially if we have never





grown it on the same land before, just

leave out the robber crop and plow the

land early, work it thoroughly till some-

where around the middle of June and then

sow the alfalfa alone: If the land is once

inoculated for the alfalfa as it now is for

clover. we stand fully as good a chance

of getting a successful stand if we sow

with a robber crop as we do when we sow

clover in this way. Until we get this





me 'MlcmoAN PARA/lien.





land.





inoculation provided for We had“ better

go a little slow but sure in order to get

the best results possible at the very out-

set in grewing the crop. If we find that





we can go ahead with the alfalfa just as





we do now with the clover, why, of

course, that is the thing to do. I happen

to have a farm that takes to alfalfa as

naturally as a duck to- water and I can

get a better stand of alfalfa sowing with

another crop than I can of clover.



Alfalfa vs. Clover.



This leads me to the next step, that of

cutting out the clover as a crop entirely

and sowing nothing but the alfalfa, just

what every sensible farmer will do in the

near future, providing he wants to get

the greatest returns from his soil and

labor with the least deterioration to the

This, of course, runs up against

another, or two, of those stock “don’ts.”

For if we seed to alfalfa only in our seed-

ings this means that it will have to take

the place of clover and the grasses in

pasture as well as hay. We have been

told that it is dangerous to pasture it,

both on account of the stock and also the

alfalfa itself. That is another thing that

folks know that isn’t so. Any man that

can pasture red clover can pasture al-

falfa. The same set of brains that are

necessary to work in the one case will do

very well in the other, with no more dis-

astrous results. Now I know this can be

done in Michigan, for I am doing it‘ with

all kinds of stock. Farmers in the south,

southwest, west and northwest, are lay-

ing it down by the thousands of acres for

pasture purposes only. What those farm-

ers can do in those regions we can do

right here in Michigan.



And here We run against another

“don’t.” They say don’t try to raise it.

on certain kinds of soil, one man says one

kind, another says another, and in the

main both are wrong, for we can raise it

successfully on any kind of soil in Mich-

igan, providing only that it is reasonably

well drained, and this provision applies

in every region or country where it is

grown. In other words, Michigan is just

as much of a natural alfalfa state as any

other state in the union, so do not hesi-

tate to grow it, no matter what kind of

soil you may have. Another thing about

pasturing alfalfa. It is not nearly so in»

glorious to the plant as they try to make

us believe. Three years ago I pastured

a two—year-old seeding so short that there

was nothing green to be seen on the

field. A flock of rams ran on it till we

were forced into winter quarters by win--

ter weather. The next summer there was

at least three tons to the acre cut off that

piece the first cutting. Mr, Waterbury,

of the Michigan Farmer, knows this field

for he has had to pass it every time he

went to and from the city to his summer

home at the lakes. That field is a splen—

did stand yet and in spite of the very

dry season in that section of the coun-

try last summer, it afforded at least three

times the tonnage of hay that any new

clover seeding furnished in that same

region besides a. lot of fall pasture after

the third crop of hay was cut.



How Much Seed?



Another “don’t” which it is well to

note is that we should not sow nearly as

much seed as the most of them tell us to

sow. It would seem as though the alfal-

fa teacher either has a stand—in with all

the seed dealers or else he does not want

the other fellow to succeed when he does

try to grow the crop. Ten pounds per

acre is a great sufficiency of seed to sow,

providing it is good seed. I am not at

all sure but that this is about two times

too much. I notice that in North Dakota

one of their college men advises only five

pounds per acre. I do believe that the

novice stands a far better chance of get-

ting a strong, permanent stand with five

pounds of seed to the acre than he does

with 15, let alone with 20 pounds. The.

more unafovarble the conditions obtaining

for getting a start of alfalfa the greater

the necessity there is of sowing less seed

to the acre. Ten pounds will give- a

stand of anywhere from 20 to 40 plants to

the square foot, and that is altogether too

thick a stand, especially if the land is

not in first—class shape and the weather

is somewhat unfavorable. If you double

that amount of seed per acre the stand

becomes impossible in case of these ad-

verse conditions for the plants literally

starve and ‘kill one another off and in the

end those left are not as strong as they

would have been had they had more room

and a better chance all the time. Let us

keep in mind that if we could have at

least one good thrifty plant to every

square foot when the seeding is three

years old, we have an excellent stand that

will ordinarily giVe us a maximum crop

of hay. Therefore, don't sow more than





 





MARCH 23, 1918‘.-

ten pounds per acre. unless you simply

want to spend money for alfalfa seed just

for the fun or honor or glory of buying it

and do not care whether or not you get

a successful stand.



You notice all these “don’ts” tend to

simplify, rather than complicate, the

problem of alfalfa on Michigan farms. Do

not be afraid of them because they have

all worked satisfactorily and will do it

again. Therefore go after it at once, for

it is the greatest forage crop ever grown

on a Michigan farm, all things consid-

ered. It will double the value, because it

doubles the productivity of any land we

may grow it on. So, finally, don’t be fool-

ish or lazy or indifferent, but hustle this

very spring and start getting a vision by

sowing at least some alfalfa. It is two

dollars a bushel cheaper than clover this

year so we can break away from the old

idol a little easier possibly, anyhow, get

ready to make a start and ”don’t” think

of not doing it. ‘





Oakland Co. E. M. Moons.





 





GROWING ALFALFA IN MECOSTA.

COUNTY.





 





For a number of years I have been

reading about alfalfa, and experimenting

with it, and while I am well pleased with

it I think it is harder to get it established

here than in. some other places.



Flrst’, the alfalfa winter-kills some the

first winter and needs to become accli-

mated the same as corn has been.



Then the soil must be inoculated, which

may be done with cultures if the cultures

are not exposed too much to the sun. I

sowed mine on a cloudy day, harrowing

as fast as sowed, and secured a good

inoculation. Then, this is a great place

for June grass to grow, and we have. to

get after the June grass hard to kill it.



Plow early and work well in potatoes

or corn, then fall-plow and harrow well

in the spring until the ground is well

cleaned of weeds and grass, sowing about

corn planting or just after. On one very

light spot I spread some rotten hay and

allOWed the grass to grow through it one

summer before plowing it up, with good

results. When sown too early alfalfa

grows slow at the start and lets weeds

and grass get the start of it. If sown too

late it winter-kills badly the first year.



My ground was full of alsike seed and

the two did well together, making fine

hay, maturing well together and drawing

from the ground evenly, as alsike roots

on the surface, while alfalfa roots deep,

making an ideal combination.



Alfalfa seems to pack very close in the

mow and I have to be careful not to feed

too much bulk. I find stock tires of it

if overfed, and anyhow, as it is not a bal-

anced ration, having an excess of protein,

it should be fed with other feeds that are

deficient in protein, such as com. com

fodder and straw. When used to balance

other feeds I think one ton of alfalfa hay

is worth about as much as one ton and

a half of common hay. As it seems to

seed well, (at least, in dry years), I see

no reason why it should not pay well to

raise our own Seed, and I think home-

grown seed would likely do better here

than any seed we would be likely to get

elsewhere.





Mecosta Co. F. G. SMITH.





 





INTERESTING WHEAT EXPERIMENT.





An increase in wheat yield from 417/2

bushels to 381/3 bushels per acre, due

wholly to difference in methods of prepar-

ing the land before seeding, certainly

seems extraordinary, but this was dome

in an experiment made last year at the

Kansas Experiment Station by ProfessOi-

L. E. Call. Land disked, but not plowed,

cost $1.95 per acre for preparation and

produced 41/, bushels of wheat per acre.

Land plowed three inches deep, Septem-

ber 15, gave a yield of 14% bushels but

when plowed seven inches deep, Septem-

ber 15, gave a yield of 15% bushels. Land

double disked July 15, to save moisture

and plowed seven inches deep, September

15, gave a yield of 23% bushels, but when

plowing was done August 15 and worked

sufficiently to preserve a soil mulch there-

after gave a yield of 27% bushels per

acre. Land double disked July 15, to save

moisture and plowed August 15,,seiVen

inches deep, produced 34% bushels per

acre. When the land was plowed July

15, seven inches deep, the yield was 38%

bushels per acre. After paying for the

cost of preparation there was left $25.74

per acre, the largest net return of any

method under trial. This is an argument

for disking oat stubble intended for wheat

as soon as possible after the oats are





cut to conserve moisture on Michigan





farms.





 





 





,b)
,b)





 





 





 





 





 





MARCH 23, 1912.‘

on. HOPKINS oN SOIL FERTILITY.





 





In his addresses before the recent meet-

ing of the Round-Up Institute held at the

Michigan Agricultural College, Dr. C. G.

Hopkins, of the agricultural department

of the University of Illinois, aroused much

interest, thought and comment. Perhaps

no series of addresses given along agri-

cultural llnes has so stirred a Michigan

audience as did these, and while many of

the pet and patented theories held by the

multitude for many years were given a

hard blow, yet the masterly grasp of his

subject coupled with an ability and cour—

age to say what he. knew, gave the doc-

tor a. permanent place in the confidence of

those who heard him.



Method and Value of Soil lnvestigatlons.



The above was the subject of Dr. Hop—

kins’ first address. He first impressed

the necessity of giving facts more weight

than theories in our study of soil condi-

tions. Facts are definite, theories may

be wrong or misleading. It is often true

that farmers are more able to interpret

facts than is the man in the laboratory,

consequently the practices that have re-

sulted from the hundreds and thousands

of years of actual experience in the field

should not be set aside readily to give

room for the findings of some man who

declares to have found a panacea for the

the soil’s ills. At the Rothamsted agri-

cultural station in England one field that

has been sown to wheat for 55 consecu-

tive years now produces an average yield

of 12.9 bushels per acre; another field

yields 35 bushels with a different method

of culture, while a third field in which is

a. still different system of treatment, is av-

eraging 37.1 bushels. These facts should

indicate to the practical man that there

is a difference in the way in which the

soil is managed.



There are a number of factors which

enter in the production of maximum crops

in a permanent system of agriculttne.

Seed may be mentioned as the first of

these. It is important that the seed be

good. Cato, in some of his works, recog-

nized this. The use of good seed has been

practiced for centuries, as have many of

the other agricultural practices which the

present day farmer thinks belong alone

to this generation. There is valuable in-

formation in the books of the Greeks and

Romans written before the dawn of the

Christian era. Alfalfa was grown then to

enrich the soil. These men also laid much

stress on the use of a good seed supply

and declared seed to be an important

factor in the production of good crops.



A second factor is the preparing of the

seed bed. The ancients understood the

necessity of this also. Dr. Hopkins re-

ferred to the reference made by the

Master in his parables when he cited how

that the seed falling upon good ground

sprang forth and produced an abundant

harvest.



A third factor is the control of the

amount of moisture. Comparatively

speaking, we are not able to control the

supply of water very much. However, a.





little regulation of soil moisture often

means considerable in the outcome of

a crop. But contrary to the general un—





derstanding, the speaker gave the results

of an experiment conducted at the Illinois

station covering a period of ten years

where, in two plots of corn, one was cui-

tivated often and the other, after being

planted under the same conditions as the

first, was not cultivated at all, the weeds

being cut to keep them from robbing the

corn of plant food. The average yield of.

the two plots was identically the same.

Here, he added, the theory of moisture

conservation through cultivation appears

to be contradicted.



A fourth factor is heat. We have little

control over heat; however, by carefully

underdraining our fields, thereby remov-

ing Surplus water, we are enabled to raise

the temperature of the land, for, while it

takes a calory of heat to raise one cubic





' centimeter of water one degree of tem-





perature, it takes 80 calories of heat to

evaporate that water. It can therefore

be seen that if the soil contains an ex—

cess of water it will not warm up as

quickly in the spring. Soils well drained

are ready for growing crops earlier than

are wet soils.



The fifth factor mentioned was light.

We have little control over light, although

the element is so important in the devel-

opment of crops. We often drill the nurse

crops north and south that the clover be-

tween the drills may get more sunshine

before the nurse crop is taken away.



The last factor mentioned by the doctor

was the necessity of plant food, which he

declared to be as important in the grow-

ing of plants as animal food in the pro-

duction of live stock. Thirty years’ work





at the Pennsylvania station, where a ro-

tation of clover, corn, oats, and ”wheat

was followed, showed that without the

addition of plant food four acres produced

$60; where farm manure was applied four

acres of like soil produced $88.91, and

where commercial fertilizers were also

added, $91 worth of crops were taken

from four acres of similar land.



In answer to the question as to how

shall our crop yields be kept up, Dr. Hop-

kins stated that we must do it through

the use of plant food. He believes that

plant food is of more importance in con—

sidering the factors that go to produce

a maximum crop, than humus. and cited

to sustain his belief the inability of peat

bogs to produce large yields although

well supplied with humus. Farm manure

stimulates the soil to yield up plant food

already contained therein, besides adding

other plant food. But our practice in the

use of farm manure is quite inadequate

in maintaining productiveness. We usu-

ally add about six tons per acre when the

land is being plowed for corn. This six

tons contains about 60 lbs, of nitrogen. If

we grow 125 baskets of corn that crop

takes out of the soil 105 lbs. of nitrogen.

Should we take off a second crop of corn.

as is done when following the rotation of

corn, corn, oats and clover, We take out

another 105 lbs. of nitrogen. Then the

third year a crop of oats yielding 60 bush—

els will take from the soil 60 lbs. more

of nitrogen. So that, at the end of the

third year after applying the manure

We have taken from the land 270 lbs. of

nitrogen while we have added but 60 lbs.

The land is then seeded to clover. How-

ever, should We remove the hay from the

land the clover does not add to the land

any more nitrogen than is taken out of

it for growing the crop. Our account,

therefore, with the soil for the four years

shows that we have run short of nitrogen

by 210 lbs.



Next the speaker tried to dispel the

erroneous conclusions held by so many,

that a rotation of crops improved our

soil. A. rotation merely enables us to rob

the soil in a shorter time. Of course,

there are advantages in a rotation of

crops, such as avoiding damage from in-

sects, bacterial and fungous diseases, dis—

tributing of labor to better advantage,

releasing plant food that is not readily

available, etc, but the fact that by r0-

tating we release this plant food more

liberally proves that the food in that soil

will be the quicker depleted, provided no

additional plant food is added. To enrich

the land we must plow under clover or

other legumes, feed the plants grotvn and

return the manure with additional food in

other forms.



There are ten elements concerned in

the growth of plants. They are all need-

ed. Five of them are provided by nature

in quantities sufficient, that we may over—





look them. Oxygen and carbon come

from the air. Hydrogen is furnished from

water. Sulphur is gotten from inorganic





sulphates, and iron is plentiful in all soils.

But. the supply of nitrogen, potassium,

phosphorus, calcium and magnesium

needs to be watched.



Only theplant food in the soil moved

by the plow should be considered. A rich

sub-soil below a. worn-out surface does

not give a productive field and makes a

property of little value for bringing net





returns. In England, at Rothamsted.

where for 55 years turnips had been





grown on one plot to which no plant food

had been added, and on another where

plant food was added so that the yield of

the former was one-half ton per acre and

of the latter 20 tons per acre, it was

found that in the first nine inches of the

first plot there were 2,560 lbs. of nitrogen

and in the first nine inches of the second

there were 3,130 lbs., while in the second

nine inches of the first plot there were

2.021 lbs. of nitrogen, and in the second

plot 2,058 lbs. of the same element. Thus

showing the small amount of plant food

in the sub-soil was not affected materially

by What was put in the surface soil.





SEED CORN BREEDING.





 





It is surprising what increased yields

careful breeding and improved, up-to-

date cultural methods will produce.



The improvement of your seed corn is

not a very difficult task. Have a seed

plot a safe distance away from your other

corn, and your neighbor’s corn. Plow it

early. Work it down thoroughly. Har—

row it often. Be sure to work it as soon

as dry enough, after every rain, for this

will conserve the moisture, and keep

down all weeds; quite important items.



There must be plenty of available plant

food, as well as sufficient humus. Better

give it a liberal application of a complete





I





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ' m





 

   





347 .





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348 (0





fertilizer, the analysis of which should

be governed by the kind of soil; but it

should be high in available phosphoric

acid and potash, and especially phosphoric

acid. If there is any surplus of these

elements, they will not be wasted as is

the case with nitrogen. Sow it early in

order that it may become thoroughly in-

(-orporated with the soil, by the frequent

cultivations.



If possible. plant about the middle of

May. about three kernels of some of your

«hoicest seed corn to the hill. said hills

to be not more than 42 inches apart each

way. All seed corn should be graded. if

planted in hills with a planter, otherwise

the planter will not drop uniformly.





Harrow several times before the corn

comes up, with a spike-tooth harrow, the

teeth set at an angle of 45 degrees. Cul-

tivate often to conserve the moisture, and

keep free of weeds.



After the corn has tasseled out, and is

beginning to ear out, take a small prun-

ing shears and detassel every stalk in the

first row half the length of the row; but

from this point to the end, detassel only

the barren stalks. Detassel the second

row just the reverse of the first row; and

the third the same as the first; and the

fourth as the second, and so on to the

last row. This gives cross-pollenization

which is very desirable indeed. This

could also be accomplished by detasseling

entirely every other row. and the barren

stalks of every row.



Let the ears mature well before cutting

or picking. Select the best for your seed

for the following year; the choicest of all

for the plot the next year. Do this every

year. and you will be amazed with the

increased yields.



New York. IV. D. KORE.





CLOVER FAILS BECAUSE OF

DROUGHT.





Having read Mr. Lillie's article, “\Vhy

Clover Fails,” in February 17 edition of

The Farmer, would like to ask why our

clover fails. Our soil is what I would

call a gravel loam; that is, it contains

some gravel and was formerly covered

with as line hardwood forest as could be

found anywhere. consisting mostly of

maple. beach. and large elm, and a very

few hemlock. This soil seems to be un-

derlaid with a clay subsoil and absorbs

water freely: also retains moisture well.

“'0 also have enough stone to make it

necessary to remove them after plowing.

of which about one—third are limestone.



I cleared a piece of this soil and plant-

cd to beans. scouring a good crop, after

harvesting the beans it was plowed about

seven inches deep and harrowed twice a

neck. Later we harrowed it twice more.

then sccdcd to wheat broadcast and bar-

rmm‘etl again. As it was late in the sea-

son the wheat did not make much of a

growth and did not seem to stool much.

This spring we seeded clovcr in the wheat

and covered it with a weeder. The clover

(alllC well, after which several heavy

rains fell and the clover didn‘t seem to

do as well as it should. On June 15 we

had a good stand of clover but it was

small. From June 7 until July 10 we had

no rain, excepting one light shower,

enough to settle the dust for a couple of

hours. On July 20 there was no clover

to be found on this field.



On a neighbor’s farm, on same kind of

soil which was cleared and planted to

potatoes. followed by oats thc following

spring: clover failed in the same manner.

This field was plowed early, well cleared

of stones and roots, thoroughly harrowed

and oats were- drilled in. after which the

(-lovcr was seeded and covered with the

spike—tooth barrow. A good stand was

secure-l, which also failed. Also on an-

other farm, soil of the same character

was cleared off and planted to beans and

followed with wheat, seeded to clover and

covered, securing a good stand and this

seeding also failed. There was much

vegetable matter plowod under on these

fields.



Two years ago we cleared some land

and planted to potatoes. After harvest-

ing the potatoes we plowed a portion of

this field, the following spring we har-

rowed it well. A week later, after a good

rain it was harrowed again. Then we

plowed the remaining portion of this field

and after harrowing the entire field we

seeded to peas and clover and secured a

good stand of clover on the whole field.

"From June 6 until July 12, a couple of

very light showers fell and the seeding

seemed lost. After rains came the seed-

ing on the fall-plowed portion of the field

came on Well and by latter part of Sep-

tember covered the ground and was part-

ly in bloom. On the spring-plowed por-

tion of this field only a few small patches





THE MICH'I'GAN':¥KRMER. *   ' f. .





of clover remained, and although we let

it have a chance to make good this spring

there was not enough clover on this field

to leave it.



Can it be possible that any one of these





failures was wholly or in part due to an -





insufficient supply of plant food, or lime,

or vegetable matter in the soil? I ap-

prove of Mr. Lillie's idea in fertilizing the

soil to secure a stand of clover, but what

I wish to say is that I believe our failures

were caused by drought, and not for want

of plant food. '



Antrim Co. WM. Koovnns.



SEEDING CLOVER WITHOUT A

NURSE CROP.



Solving the problem of growing June

clover each year is about the same to the

farmer as the high cost of living is to

the laborer who lives in the towns and

cities. During the past we have been

quite successful getting a catch of clover

sown on the wheat in April, but the se-

vere drouth of the last two years has

made this plan nearly a complete failure,

so much so that we have again com-

menced the sowing of clover alone with-

out a nurse crop.



Vl'hile we never had a complete failure

in tliiS'form of seeding. I have known of

several instances where it did fail. I

find it very necessary to have your land

free from all foul growth, such as sorrel,

blue-grass, and the like, and a farln that

is thoroughly cultivated will generally be

found to be in this condition.



Clover always grows better and stands

more drouth whon sown on a good solid

seed bed, secured either by rolling the

freshly plowed ground or plowing in the

fall and fitting in the spring.



I'nless the price of seed goes beyond

all reason, we will continue to chance a

little each year on our wheat ground.

Ilowercr. we do not expect to be as for—

tunate as Mr. Lillie, as I see by a recent

issue. of The Farmer, he has not had a

failure in twenty years. ,



I have found by actual experience tha

our very poorest land in the corn belt of

Michigan can be gotten back to a good

profitable. productive soil by a little hard

work and good management. About five

years ago the writer purchased 70 acres

of wornout land that had seen no clover

for fifteen years and‘but little manure.

This was considered by the surrounding

community as a very non-productive farm

and was paying a poor rate of interest;

but owing to the good location of the

property and the high-priced land that

joined~it on all sides, I concluded to

chance restoring some of the lost fertil-

ity of this once productive soil, and pur-

chased it at $80 per acre.





With the exception of 30 acres of tim-‘V

othy sod, this farm was oat and rye.

The stubble was plowed in N0-‘





stubble.

vember and sown to clover alone in April

and to my great surprise and joy, a good

catch of clover was secured, and a fair

crop of short growth hay was secured the

following year. This clover sod was

then treated to stable manure, mosdy

hauled from a toWn one and onee-halt

miles distant. The timothy sod was put

to corn and then seeded to clever alone

with fair success. As soon as money

could be spared a barn was erected and





we are now producing considerable fer:





tilizcr through the feeding of lambs.



\R’hile this is not a great money—malt-

ing scheme, the past two winters. I con—

sider I have received a good price for

all feed consumed, and have received no

small benefit from the increase in crops

secured.





living. You will hear the most complaint

around your grocery store or meat mar—

ket, I believe, as I have often overheard

conversations between proprietor and

consumer. Now is it not a fact that if

you would ask nine out of every ten of

the men employed in factories and towns

to work on a farm at a better average

wage scale, with steady work the year

around and on an average of less hours,

that. they would simply laugh at you. And

when we turn to our government census

for 1910, it tells us our population gained

21 per cent. This means necessarily a

corresponding increase in needs for con-

sumption, but the increase in improved

farm acreage was only 4.2 per cent. The

city and town population increased 34 per

cent, while- the rural portion, from which

all foodstuffs must come. only increased

11 per cent, or less than one-third of the

increase in urban population. We also

find that nearly all the meat producing

animals on the farm and range actually

decreased in number. When we con-

sider all these things is it any wonder

that the cost: of living has advanced.

St. Joe 00. J. D. STURGIs.





 





 





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——the proof is yours for the asking.

Why not save your share now on one

of these Great; Galloway Spreaders No. 6

with Mandt’s New Gear. No spreader at

any price any where can touch it. Write . ,

for big, free catalog at once and the prices ~

.. 7 x. that make dealers tell foolish tales

about Galloway. You’ll also get Gallo

VII-y 's new book—“A Streak of Gold”—most valuable book on

manure published. Wm. Galloway, Pros. ‘

THE WM. GALLOWAY COMPANY

. G49Alcallowny Statlon Waterloo, Iowa





 





 





Get ReadyNowtoTill Deep





Fred W. Ladage, Auburn. Ill., writes: Corn from

ground failed with Spaldina Deep Tilling Machine

averaged '19 bushels to acre. Corn from shallow



lowed ground same field, only 67 bushels per acre.



ate from Bpaldin tilled ground 40 bushels, to acts

from shallow til] less than 30 bushels. acres ol'

Spalding tilled ground yielded 817 bushels of wheat.





The Spalding

Deep Tilling Machine





by pulverizlng the ground 12 to 16 inches deep

or more makes the ideal seed bed—makes more

lent. food available—eaves moisture against. drou ht.

hose men tell you so. We will send you *- eir

full statements. If the Bpalding does so much

on their farms won't. it. increase your "05’“?

Investigate the Spalding now so you may 01‘ 81’

before the spring rush. Get your name on our free

mailing list. Drop a postal or mail coupon today.





 





Spalding Department

Gale Manufacturing Company

Box R-31, Albion, Mich-





Send me your free deep-filling b00k3- This

places me under no obligation.





 





 





 





Name _______________________________________ - ________________________________________________________________________________ ..





Postoffice _. __________________________________________________________________ R.F. D.





 





 





 





.......................... %
MARCH 23. 1912.

FA R M N OT ES.





‘Prepa‘rlng Potato GrOund ‘for Alfalfa.

.I turned under a. June grass sod. last

spring and put potatoes on ground that

I want to sow to alfalfa. Now I would

like to know how to prepare the ground

for this crop and if it is necessary to sow

lime, and if so how much lime to the

acre, what kind of lime, where I could

get the lime the cheapest and how the

lime should be put on. Do you advise

sowing on hilly ground, as my field is

rough? How much seed would you sow

to the acre and do you advise a nurse

crop or not? Is it best to sow broadcast

or with a drill and what is the best time

to sow. Also I would like to know what

is the best kind of corn to grow to fill

silos with. I filled my silo this year with

big ensilage corn and my cattle haven’t

done very well this winter.



Leelanau Co. S. H. M.



The best way to prepare potato ground

for alfalfa is without plowing, since the

weeds have been kept dowu by the pre-

vious year’s cultivation. The soil should

be disked up in the spring and kept well

narrowed until the seed is sown. There

is a great difference of opinion among

growers as to the advisability of using a

nurse crop. The best authorities advise

a. nurse crop of beardless barley to be

cut as hay before it ripens. Successful

stands have been secured in many cases

in this state by seeding in oats or barley

sown at the rate of not more than one

bushel per acre. The Writer will use that

plan this coming spring. If sown with

such a crop it should be put in as soon

as danger from hard frost is past, or late

in April. Where no nurse crop is used

most growers favor a little later seeding.

Experiments have demonstrated that

some Michigan soils require lime for the

successful seeding of alfalfa. Any kind

of lime can be used, but where available

a good quality of ground limestone is

considered the best because the beneficial

effects are more permanent. A fairly

liberal application should be made, using

not less than one ton of ground limestone

per acre, and two or three tons would be

better. .



Rough, hilly ground is suitable for al-

falfa; in fact, any good fertile soil that

is well drained is all right for the crop.

The one condition that this plant will not

endure is a saturated soil, although heavy

land that is well drained will grow a1-

falfa successfully. Inoculation should be

used, notwithstanding the fact 'that it is

not necessary in some soils. Sow some





 





’soil rrom a successful alfalfa field, or





treat thegseedwwithjhe pure culture to

insure the presence of the nitrogen—fix-

ing bacteria which are peculiar to, and

necessary for, the success of the crop.

The Kind of Corn to Grew for Ensilage.



The trouble with the large kinds of

ensilage corn is that it does not reach a

suitable stage of maturity in our climate

to make the best of ensilage. Formerly

corn was cut for the silo quite green and

made a sour, acid silage which is not as

good feed as a sweeter silage made from

more mature corn. While a good many

farmers use the large varieties of en-

silage corn for filling the silo, more dairy-

men and others who put up silage are

each year planting a good, big variety of

(lent corn which will mature well and

cut for ensilage just when it is nearly

ready to cut and shock for husking. This

makes a sweeter silage and the ensilage

will contain more grain so that better

results are secured from feeding it to any

kind of stock.



Fertilizing Value of Sugar Beets.



Do decaying sugar beets contain suffi-

cient value as manure to pay for hauling

them about half a mile to spread on land?



Isabella Co. N. P.





According to Henry’s tablet sugar beets

contain the following amounts of the

three principal plant foods for each 1,000

pounds of beets: Nitrogen, 2.2 lbs.; phos-

phoric acid, 1 1b.; potash, 4.8 lbs. At the

conceded value of those plant foods the

nitrogen at 161/2 cents per pound would

be worth 36.3 cents in a thousand pounds

of sugar boots. The phosphoric acid at

its estimated value of one cent per pound

would be worth five cents, while the pot-

ash at 41/; cents per pound would be

worth 21.4 cents, making the value of

these ingredients in the thousand pounds

of material worth 63.7 cents, or $1.27 per

ton. There is, however, the additional

value of the vegetable matter and the

beneficial results derived from the de-

caying organic mattea‘ in the soil to be

considered. Also, there is to be consid-

ered the possible danger of producing an

acid reaction in the soil by the applica-

tion of a fermenting mass of decaying

vegetable matter containing considerable

sugar.



At the expense of hauling one-half





‘mile, it would appear that sugar beet re-





fuse of this kind would be profitable to





 





 





THE, MICHIGAN FARMER. .5, 349





 





Get more pctatoes

off your land





MICHIGAN AND INDIANA FARMERS average less than 100

bushels potatoes per acre. The reason is plain; only about

15% of them_ have been using fertilizers. Maine farmers, Who use

as a rule 1200 to 1500 pounds high grade fertilizers per acre





Average 228 Bush. Per Acre





In Germany farmers on the average spend $20 per acre for fer-

tilizers which they use on potatoes and sugar beets.





The land must be made rich if you want to raise a big crop. It will

pay you. There is nothing so expensive to the farmer as a poor crop.





The A A C Coinpany Fertilizers





contain the right kind of plant food and plenty of it. We have spent fifty years

and a great deal of money finding out how to do this, and you get the benefit

of our knowledge .free with every purchase of our Fertilizer. We stand for

everything we claim for our Fertilizers. Our guarantee means that our Fertilizers

are the best that skill, experience, capital and conscientious effort can produce.

We want every farmer to write us. We will send free to everyone who

answers this advertisement a SZ-page book on Fertilizers and a pamphlet by

John A. Widtsoe, Ph. 1)., “\Vhy the Richness of Soil makes up for Lack of

Moisture and How to Fight Drought with Fertility.”





We want Agents for unoccupied territory.





THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY

Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Michigan





Largest Manufacturers of high grade fertilizers in the world.





 





 





 





No Stump Too Big .

For The Hercules





Stumps 3 and 4 feet across and larger, with 5 to 12 foot tap roots come out like

weeds when the Hercules All Steel Triple Power Stump Puller is hitched to them.

Let us show you many actual photos and letters from men who use the Hercules

Why don’t you ull the stumps and grow crops instead of paying taxes ouland

that yields not ng. Now is the time. Our special price to first 5,000 .

buyers saves you big money on first~cost. Stumps get harder to

pull every year. Youlose half the land value and $700 in crops

every year stumps stand.





Triple Power—All Steel—30 Days Trial

3 Year Guarantee—Special Price Offer





Triple power means more than the un of a Iocomotlve. All steel means

lighter weight, 400% more strengthpthan any cast iron or "semi steel” puller

ever made. Accurate machining and turning means smooth running and

light draft. Double safety ratchets mean safety to men and team. 3 year

guarantee means replacement of any broken castings. Pull an acre of stumps

a (in easy with the Hercules. When yourstum psare-pulled. do work for your

neig bors or rent machineata nice profit. Wh not mail postal at once for

new lntroductorylmoney-saving proposition an interesting free book! See

photos and letters. Read about profits owners are making. Get facts and

figures that. will post you on best crops to raise on virgin land where stumps

stood. We ll show you how to make BlZB].(£flrst year on 40 acres of stumps

and 3760 every year after. Mail postal quick.



1 37 1 7th St,





Hercules Manufacturing Co...





 

   

   





Stumps like this easy





. . for the Hercules

ontervillo. Iowa.





 





When writing to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.
'\





 





5‘ AETNA DYNAMITE

/ will remove useless





and obstructing em-





;l bankments, mounds, hills, big

rocks and boulders and stumps

in less time than it takes us to

ll tell about it. It does away with

the employment of horses and

farm hands and what it costs to

keep and pay them. And t/ze

«work i: done Without Me lea}!

. danger to you.





One man armed

t with AETNA DY-

; NAMITE will do as much





work as several teams of horses

and half a dozen farm hands.

What you Jame 2': clear profit. The

Dynamite costs but little-—not

one-third as much as the horses





 





apply to the soil, at least in an experi-

mental way, which is the best way of

getting» a correct answer to questions in-

vc-lved.



Millet as a Hay Crop.





\Vil]. millet.make good hay?. Is there

more than one kind of millet? “What

time should the seed be sown? How much

to the acre? How early could it be cut

for hay? Would it do best for high.

sandy ground or low land?



Monroe Co. ' SUBSCRIBER.





The best soil for millet is a rich, well

drained, sandy loam; it does not thrive

well in heavy clay or wet land. Millet is

generally seeded the latter part of May

or the fore part of June. The seed bed

should be well prepared; when sown for

hay about one—half bushel per acre of

Hungarian grass or ‘commbn 'rnillet; for

seed production only about one-half as

much seed is sown. Millet makes a fair-

ly good hay but should not be fed to

horses unless out before the seed devel-

ops to any extent. On account of this

necessity of cutting the hay crop rather

green it requires more drying than other

hay. Sometimes it is cut with a. self-

binder ahd cured out in shocks. The

small kinds of millet above enumerated

are more generally used than the larger

varieties, such as broomcorn and Jap-

anese millet.



Fertilizing Soil for Potatoes.





Can you tell me how to fertilize ground

for potatoes? I have a piece of sandy

land I wish to plant to potatoes which

was in oats last year. I have lots of sta-

le manure. Can put on 15 or 20 loads to

the acre, or had I better put on less and

use some fertilizer, and what would be

the best to use, and how to apply it, in

the hills or broadcast?



St. Clair Co. W. M.



There is no crop grown upon Michigan





 





and men. Don’t waste your time



and money in the old way. If



you have been p re j u d i ced



against the use of dynamite,



write to us and let us educate

a you in its me: and oemftx.





Get to work in advance





El of Spring and have things



ready for the plow as soon as

i the frost leaves the ground.

A E T N A DYNAMITE will

work wherever the plow will or

will not go. You will find it the

grratwtaid you have ever um! and

you’ll thank us for calling your

attention to it. We will edu~

catc you by mail and booklet

and make this year’s profits a

great deal bigger than they

were last season.





A p o stcard sent to us

today will bring our educa-

tional booklets free of charge

by return mail. They are worth.

rcadin g. The] are wort/i counties:

dollar: to you.





Aetna Powder Co.





Gown! Offices. 'l'rlbuno Bldg.

Chloago, III.



For quick memo-Edda”

We





 

 

   





l

l

l





 

   

   

 





l

l

I

l

l

l

l





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

   





\_,_ I’m ,

,._,— ».‘





Pull Slum snake





Get this Milne Unbrealm lo

All-SteelCombinatlonéltump on



Puller. Self or Stump An-



chored. Pullss ps.green



trees and hedges nick easy. Raise crops next

year on land now all ofstumps Pull rees faster

than able to cut them. Pull l to 6

acreswithoutmoving MllneDoubl

TrlpleandQuadruploottnchment. .

Also Rotary Power At- , , .

tachment for sowing,

grinding,woshing,etc.



. llllLNE IIFG. CO.



’ 975 Mini: St. .

loumouth,





 





   

 

 

 

 





 

 





Combination

All Steel

Stump Pane:-





 





 

 





 

 





 





INIlSTllllllEllBE





Well drained land produces big crops.

Invest in high grade clay tile and you

will have a permanent drainage system.

We have been manufacturing indestruc-

tible drain tile for several years. Thou-

sands of satisfied customers. We satisfy

you. Write Now for our prlooo.





SUMMITVILLE DRAIN TILE C0.





SUHMITVILLE, INDIANA.





 





 





 

 





most from all then. lorzhorsea

Iul Oomwlmghuckoandaumd

grain. (Also mole 10 sizes of belt mill.)

"II—Bock!“ 013qu d





. n. r. monocusiutl lend. Ind.





 





farms which will respond better to liberal

fertilization than will potatoes. The sta-

ble manure should be applied as early in

the spring as practicable, and after this

is plowed down, and before the potatoes

are planted, a liberal application of com-

Illi‘I‘Clal fertilizer may also be made with

profit, or applied either broadcast and





1narrowed in the surface of the soil, or in matter, 1,, any great exent.

[the rows at the time the potatoes are want to recommend it because I believe





planted. The formula of the fertilizer





Tflzfi..MICHIGAN" -: RMER ‘ f 7' I





 





previous years. The soil should be rolled

so as to insure good‘ capillary attraction.

The time when it is done however,

should depend upon moisture conditions.

If the soil is wet when the seed is sown

it should not be rolled until after the

plants have germinated and gotten up a

few inches out of the ground. If dry at

the time of sowing the roller should be

used at that time, but after the seed is

sown, as the seed can- be sown at a

greater depth when the ground is com-,

paratively loose. Too much seed should

not be used upon this kind of land. For

hay, the crop should be cut when the-

grain is beginning to form, as at that

time the greatest amount of digestible

nutrients will be contained in the forage.





Sand Vetch as a Forage Crop.





V'ould like to know what sand vetch

seed weighs per bushel. Also how much

of vetch and oats should be sown to-

gether as a substitute for hay. -



Lenawee Co. L. H.





Sand vetch seed weighs 60 pounds per

bushel. As heretofore stated in the

Michigan Farmer, better results are se-

cured from the vetch if sown in the fall

with rye, using about one bushel of vetch

and three peeks of rye per acre. Other

grains, like oats, should be used at the

rate of one bushel per acre. The soil

should be inoculated with the prOper bac«

teria, which is essential to the success

of this plant. In the writer’s opinion, it

would be better not to experiment with

spring sown vetch on too large a scale.





The ‘Iflo out: what

you’d expect to way for

an onglno worth ovlng.



You wouldn’t want to pay less be-

cause you'dsacrifice tbequality which,





enables the Novo to run when cheap

engines have been scrapped. The





   

   

   

   





 

 





is built to give the very best possible

service—hence its reputation._ Just

the engine for all farm work—simple,

compact and the lightest engine for

power developed. _Made in from 1

to 10 H.P. _ .



The selfvcontamcd cooling system

is guaranteed against freezmg troub‘

lea—frost can't stop a Novo. Fuel is-

used in proportion to work done—

governor prevents any waste. .

Every farmer needs this readily

portable power plant which

does farm work q uicker,

better. and cheaper than

' he can do it by hand.

It's the ideal farm

engine.





Sand for the Nova





Catalog





Get the facts and then

decide on this impor-

tant question of the

best power for your

farm.





IOVO ENGINE co.

ellllEICE E. BEIIEIT.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





 

 





 





1/4",





 

   





 





7/4





   





 





   

   

   





z —"/7/[.‘//7' -" //.'-/





   





 





~~—-——— Soc 1 and fioo'l list.

TOP-DRESSING WHEAT iN THE 2'13 wlmvinlslilw

SPRING WITH FERTILIZER. 3'51“» c -





 

 





 





 

 





m .

oozing





Would you advise sowing fertilizer on ,

.NO

‘ 'fiououo





wheat ground in the spring? Would lime,

phosphoric acid, and potash be the best

ingredients? How much would you sow

to the acre?



Newaygo Co. G. B.



Very little is known about the prac-

ticability of top-dressing wheat with fer-

tilizer. It has never been tried in this

part of the state, or in this state for that

I would not





 

   





that a valuable product like commercial





3best used would depend UDOH the SOilv and fertilizer ought to be mixed with the soil.





 





it is impossible to tell without experi- 1 would be afraid that if I put it on topl

l





: menting, although you do not need a large of the ground that much of it nevertwould 1

ipci'centage of nitrogen if the stable ma- *





nure is used. You should probably have

more potash than would be contained in

a grain fertilizer. In Maine very liberal

:applications of potato fertilizers are used,

land many Michigan growers are fertiliz—

ing this crop liberally and with profitable

results in recent years.

Grewing Oats on Sandy Land.



I am putting in ten acres of oats on a

good grade of sand land. “'hat is the

best variety of oats to plant on sand and

at what rate should they be sown to the

acre? Also, how many quarts of clover





should I sow with them?

Oceana Co. SUBSCRIBER.





There are a number of improved varie-

ties of oats which have been developed

through seed breeding and selection. Seed

'of some of these varieties will be found

advertised through the Michigan Farmer.

However. if one uses home-grown seed





 





l





lthe oats should be sown early and not

too thickly,

bushels per acre is as much as should be

sown on this kind of soil, and some farm-

;ers use only one bushel per acre. In fact,

there is a tendency among farmers to sow

less oats than formerly on all classes of

(soil. The Writer knows of one case in

which 60 bushels per acre were- grown

lfrom one bushel of seed, and where one

desires to make a stand of clever in oats

l as certain as possible. where sown in

'sandy land, not more than one bushel per

,acre should be sown. About four quarts

lof mammoth or June clover will make a

good stand, if sown ahead of the drill so

'that it will be covered at about the right

depth.





 





Light Sandy soil for Peas.

I would like to know if Canada field

peas can be adapted to light sandy soils.





. In sowing on light sandy loam which is





not very fertile, would it be best to sow

more than a bushel of peas and a bushel

of oats to the acre, for hay? Should the

peas be covered deeper than the oats?

Should the ground he plowed deep or

shallow? Is it best to roll the land and

compact lhe soil or is it better to leave

it loose? At what stage of ripening is it

best to cut the crop for hay?



Barry Co. I. F.





Unless a light; sandy soil contains con—

siderable humus and is in a good condi—

tion to conserve moisture Canada field

peas are not apt to be a. great success.

The peas should be_ sown early in the

spring on this kind of soil, and as deeply

as is practicable with a, drill. The soil

should he plowed to a good depth, al-

though not much, if any, deeper than in





it should be secured from some farmer

who has a good yield, and on sandy land





probably one and one-half





dissolve in the soil moisture and youi

would not get the benefit of it. It costs

too much money to leave it on top of the

ground. It is the same way with lime.E «1'1.e engine

I would not want to put this on top of the (grevau,pacu





LOUDENS Bird-l?





the soil so that it will have the oppor—l

Barn-Door





 





 





 

   





 





If it is

on top of the ground it would not.





tunity of correcting soil acidity. ‘





Of course, if you could go on and thor-

oughly harrow this ground so that You

incorporate the lime and the fertilizer

with the soil then that would be all right.

But, if you did this with sufficient thor-

oughness to incorporate the lime and the

fertilizer I would be afraid that you

would injure the wheat very much. Phos—

phoric acid and potash would be correct

plant food to put into the soil to raise a

good u heat crop. The wheat plant, how-

ever, needs available nitrogen, and I

should want a wheat fertilizer to contain

a little of this element. If G. B. tries

this experiment Ithink we would all be

interested to know what results he gets.

I understand that this practice of top-

dresslng wheat in the spring is quite

common in New England, but I know

nothing about it only from hearsay.



COLON C. LILLIE.

SUBDIVIDING THE TOWNSHIP

ROAD DlSTRlCTS.





 

 

 





Can't Get

Off The

Track





   

 





 





No other barn

Door Hanger

on the market posit-

ively and permanently overcomes all

the troubles ofclogging by either birds

in summer or by snow and ice in

winter. There’s no opening in the

Louden Hanger. excert a narrow slit.





Made of one solid piece 0 steel pressed in

INTO] shape. is rust—proof; will last a life time. to





‘ ’ Bird"



Having had letters of inquiry concern i LOUden sProoi anger

. ‘ , ' ' i h on] once '

ing the law under which the township ofl Ilia;i§letrzckwhlilctl?:rl::::g 23:3?





V ‘\, . - - 4 .



Chester, liaton county, was diVided into: ingof trash between trackan barn.



31 road districts, as stated by me in the - .



M. . . if you are 20mg to build a new barn or need

lClllgan Farmer of March 2, would state, new hangers for the old one, get the hanger



for the benefit of any others who may be ““0"" [Who alwavscuv to operate.



interested, that in the session laws of ”3:32 33:31:“ ”“130"! greatly and save



. u n '



1909. page 556, section 9, Will be found barn: Putin Lou'ii’ciieo Tfigfl’lg‘e {é‘éi gall:



the law under which this subdivision was and Slouchiono, Feed and Litter Carriers.



made. flay Corners and Balance Grapple Poi-h.

If I am rightly informed the county





s_ce them at your dealers. If he has not our

[me write us for Free catalog and send your

road system does not affect, in any way, de‘ler'm‘m“

this law, which may be put into force

where the county system is in effect.





Louden Machinery (30.,

Eaton Co. E. J. LOVELAND.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





703 Broadway, Fairfield. Iowa.





Minion-outlines





 





 





 





A LOAD THAT BROUGHT MONEY.





 





and all oxponuo





There was received at a Gene-see county flock and WMnsmm-h

, . rontoo «til 9.... Pk.“ m.

gram elevator on February 24, a load of “a 0:0." £533.”... Williams





 





90 bushels and 52 ,ound

D S 0f alSike seed The largest number Ofoucceoqful clients is our mqfof





that sold for $12.25 per bushel making P 1



’ atents tha PROTECT

the load the.net value Of $1’113'11' This ForFoctsabout Prizes,Rotwords. etc..sond8¢sstampfor‘

grew upon eighteen acres of land on the our new128 page bookoi‘ intense interest nventorn.





. . .c. F‘ .

farm of George E. Eisentrager, of Gaines n. SWAB'LACEY' Dept w'wuhinm D tab mo.

township. Who can beat it?



Genesee Co. S. C. GOODYEAR.





 





IOVEllllIEll FIHIEIIS WAITEfllEn‘ii‘iE ‘ b32333





living quarters. Write OZMENT. 1 1". St. Louis.
MARCH 28. 1918.





{WWW

1.931539%





'i'HE WORK HORSES IN SPRING.



While the work horses are one of the

first essentials on the farm, with many

they are given less consideration than

any pther stock kept on the farms. The

dairy cows, beef steers, mutton sheep,

and pork hogs, are studied. and their

necessities are better understood and

complied with, than the horses that are

the working and necessary part of nearly

all the active operations on the farm. .



The horses are the farmer’s best friends

and most faithful servants. They re-

spond to his bidding early in the morning,

and until late in the evening they are the

faithful slaves that move fast or slow,

whether the burdens are heavy or light,

and act according to the will, the die—

tates and the mood of the master. The

master, who, with cruel hand inflicts un—

deserved punishment, is rewarded with

faithful service. Suffering from gross

neglect, the horses, though cruelly prod—

ded, meekly perform their tasks,



Prepare the Horses for Work.



It is with a good deal of fear of trouble

we look forward to the time when the

horses will be called upon for active ser-

vice in the spring. The winter has been

long and severe, and for this reason the

horses have been allowed a long period

of rest. A short season of rest which

will give the animal's system a chance

to recuperate after months of hard labor

will do them good; but a long period of

rest, which allows the system to become

accustomed to the rest and quiet is dif-





 





 





 





trflfe- MICHIGAN FARMER.





of a. rush. The men themselves feel good,

the horses seem willing to work, and

they try to see how much they can do

the first day. The result in such cases

is a jaded team, sweating profusely when

they come in from the-field, and if they

are not unusually well cared for, they

will take cold, the muscles will be sore

and they will not regain their former

spirits during the whole season. If such

men are reprimanded for such work, will

generally reply that “a team is no good

that cannot stand one good day’s work.”

Such men often do such things unwit-

tingly, not knowing what the result is

likely to be. Some severe experieces are

a good teacher. '



It is safer and better to begin the heavy

work with a due consideration of the

condition of the horses. If a team is

worked in at first gradually, and care-

fully, they will retain their good spirits

all summer and do much more work in a

more agreeable manner than if they are

allowed to work too briskly at first.



It is a sad sight. too often met with,

to see a jaded farm team moving only





 





when urged and slacking at every oppor-

tunity. It is an evidence of bad manage-

ment on the part of the driver. Such

teams are too often suffering from har-

ness galls that speak loudly against the

teamster as one who neglects his duty in

caring for his team. If the harness is

well fitted at first, to prevent “see-saw-

ing” at any place on the surface, the

team not worked when wet with sweat

or'rain, and the dirt and dried sweat kept

cleaned out of the hair, where the har—

ness touches the horse, there is likely to

be but little trouble from harness galls.



A man who prepares his team by care~

ful and continuous usage for the spring]1





 





 





Copyrighted photo by F. Babbage.





HAMPSHIRE DOWN LAMBS.—First and Breed Cup Winners, at Smithfield, Eng-

land, Annual Sh0w.





 





ferent. It brings about a condition which

makes it dangerous to at once put them

into heavy work without some consider-

able preparation.



One should keep in mind the fact that

after a long period of rest the horse’s

nervous system is unprepared for heavy

work. The muscles have become flabby

and have lost a good deal of their

strength and capability of endurancec.

They should be exercised regularly for a

considerable time and tho strength and

elasticity of the muscles will return. The

lungs should be exercised carefully by

moderate work or exercise, for what

seems to be a better condition as far as

flesh is concerned, is a hindrance to the

free and continued use of the lungs. \Vith

the restrictcd use of the lungs, when the

horse exercises, the blood circulation is

accelerated, the sweat IlOWS freely and

the animal is likely to take cold unless

well cared for.



It is worth the while to take the teams

out for a moderate amount of exercise

each day until the busy season actually

arrives. The amount of exercise should

be gradually increased every day in order

to harden the muscles, and get the ani-

mal’s system working in a normal man—

ner. To compel a horse, especially of the

meaty temperament, to. exercise vigor.-

ously after a long period of rest is to en—

danger his lifc. The dread disease, azo-

turia, comes upon horses well fed during

a period of rest, that are full of blood.

and given vigorous exorcise without any

previous preparation. It is not safe with

such horses to increase their feed any

faster than the exercise is increased.



When the Work is at Hand.



It is too often the custom with the in-

experienced men who drive the farm

teams, to start the work with too much





 





campaign on the farm, keeps them look-

ing well and feeling good through the

whole spring and summer, is a merciful

man, and a good horseman, who has a

proper estimate of the value of, and the

pleasure there is, in using a good team.

His horses do him better service than

when jaded out, and have a greater value

at not only the end of the season, but

at the end of a long period of years.

Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





ALFALFA FOR HORSES.





Much is being said at one time and an-

other about the danger of feeding horses





alfalfa hay. low let us use a little com-

mon sense; The chemist tells us that al—

falfa is practically as rich a foul as





wheat bran. The Illinois Experiment Sta—

tion tested the matter out, last- your on

dairy cows and demonstrated that us :1

feed it had, pound for pound, a slight

advantage over the bran. Now if. when

we fed the- llOI'StS, we would shovel in a

Whole manger full of bran to each one we.

would Very soon have some invalid

horses. So it is with alfalfa. I'sc com-

mon sense and not feed Such a feed as

“'0 usually do when we are feeding clo-

ver or timothy hay.



Many of us, however, have to depend

on hired help to do much of this feeding

and when it comes to feeding the horse

it seems as though the average helper

cannot refrain from stuffing the manger

or feed chute chuck full every time. So,

if we have to let the help do this work,

We can fix the. alfalfa so it will not be so

dangerous when fed to excess. Just sow

about a peck of orchard grass to the acre

with the alfalfa and it makes a splendid

filler and supplement to the alfalfa. It is





 





m 351





 





“boarders”?





Lots of farmers, if

they would take the trouble to figure costs carefully, would find that their

cows are not paying their way. The trouble, in most cases, is due to two

things—the cows are not the right kind, and they are not in the right place.





Are your cows





Do they pay you a profit, or do they‘ live off you’ ’3





Here is a case where both the cows and the place are right. It shows





what a man can do under favorable conditions.





$1800 from 15 cows





That is what G. H. Merten got from his herd of Holsteins, on

a small farm near Villa Ridge, Missouri. Each cow averaged

through the year $10 a month in milk production.





now in charge of {the Rock Island Line.

Department of Agriculture, has made .

careful study of every locality along the

Rock Island Lines He knows the bent

places for each branch of farming, and

can tell you the very pl ace where you are

most likely to succeed. He “III also

give you the benefit of his Vast experience

on the best methods to pursue to make a

success in your new location.



The Rock Island Lines Department of

Agriculture 13 at the serv1ce of all farmers

now 11v1ng along the Rock Island Lines

and those who are thinking of moving

there. I hope you will take advantage

of this means to obtain greater efficiency

and profits as well as a better location.

Drop me a line and tell me about your-

Ielf and what y0u want to do You will

be given careful, personal, cxpertadvico

without cost or obligation.





Mr. Merton’s success is due to the fact

that he knows his business, and realizes

that profit in dairying means producing

at a low cost and selling at a. high price.

He can produce at the minimum because

every natural condition—climate, abund—

ance of native grasses and pure water

make feed cheap and the cows contented

and healthful.



Being located on the main line of the

Rock Island between St. Louis and

Kansas City, Mr. Merten can market

his dairy products the year around at the

highest prices. This matter of location

is worthy of your serious thought.

There are some particularly good loca-

tions for profitable dairying along the

Rock Island Lines. Professor H. M.

Cottrell, an expert of national reputation,

lormerly Professor at the Kama! and

Colorado Agricultural Colleges. and





Book on expert dairy methods, FREE!





Prof. Cottrell has written several book: On expert methods of farming. His book

“Making Money in Dairying" is the next best thing to a course in an Agricultural

college. It 1: worth dollars to any farmer who will read it. No matter where you

live you ll profit by it. You may have a Copy free, if you will write me today.



' The statements herein made have been fully investigated, and

can be absolutely relied upon.



L. M. Allen, Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock Island Lines,

431La5alle Station, Chicago





‘ John Sebastian, Third Vice-President





 

 





 





 





YOUR AUTOMOBILE





won 't run a week lwith the engine all exposed. I1) rt gets in it, —-chafi

lls uD._You simply wouldn t own it.





mummy AIR COOLED





is all enclosed by our patented crank case No dirt. or (hair can cut the



cylinder or scratch the piston. Built like 11. high grade watt-.11 luvery art.



cleannand smooth when running on the dirtiest jobs ’I hat.‘ 8 why the‘ ‘EIJJW



WAY lags longer, uses less gasoline, gives more ower.1n.1ke11 more friends.

EUS NOW FOR OUR ENGINEPCATALOGN N0. C.





mflfigm mun. (18.4.





 

 

 





 





 





7 Ash Street.





 





 





 





 





 





GALVANIZING on PAINT

WHICH?





ll Think. of the years galvanizing has added to

. the life_of fence wire. Galvanized Peerless

1'! Gates w1ll give the some additional service—



carry a heavy rust- proof coat. Big. massiVe

.' frames of high carbon steel tubing; filled with

.‘,' close spaced Peerless Fencing of all No.9

'1 wire. Fitted with a handy double latch—a





 

   

 

 

   





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





V) - .





barb wire top for safety.





SEN-RAISING G‘TESJ- lift themselves—no dragging or lugging—raise





and swing over snow, grass or rubbish. Save time, temper and trouble.





The ”hurry-up” gates—always on the job—always work. If there IS no Peer-

less dealer in your town, write direct.





PEERLESS WIRE FENCE (0., '213 Michigan St, Adrian, Mich.





 





   

   

 





 





   





 





 

 

 

   

   





 

 





IOWA N ew GALVANIZED GATES£E1~'.._

G AT ES Le’ me‘Sh‘D the gates you need for 60 days





free inspection and trial. Save from $50 to



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wires.Ruet proof—wear proof. Write or my special proposi-

tion today, Complete galvanized frame, also





 





 

 





 





 

 





 





ainted gates





 





 





a higher analyzing feed than timothy, it





cheaper than ever before. Joe. 8. Clay, Manger” 0M GATE 00., 57 lay Strut, Cedar Falls, Ion
352 <8)





is fit to cut fully as soon as the alfalfa,

it grOWS very luxuriantly, it gives more

bulk to the alfalfa and so aids in curing

it very materially, and consequently

makes a better balanced hay for horses

than the clear alfalfa, especially when

the horses have an indifferent or careless

feeder. If we are planning to grow at-

falfa exclusively on our farms, we can

set aside one field for horse hay and seed

in the orchard grass so as to get this

condition. I find that the orchard grass

comes in very nicely with all the hay,

especially in the second cutting, as it

makes a remarkable second growth. It

is also splendid in the alfalfa pasture,

since it will grow right along even in a

dry time when other grasses are making

no growth at al. The only objection we

can see to sowing it in our regular al-

falfa meadows is that if we diSc up our

alfalfa after it is three or four years old,

it will be likely to kill out the orchard

grass. Possibly we can line up the fields

in which we sow the orchard grass with

our rotation plan so that after it has

stood four or five years and is in need of

discing, we can plow for a spring crop

and in due time re-seed in the same way

again. Anyhow, I believe there is a great

future for orchard grass combined with

alfalfa, especially when we want it for a

horse hay.

Oakland Co. E. M. MOORE.





- PREVENTING ACCIDENTS.





 





it is always too late to prevent an ac-

cident after it has occurred. but most

accidents could have, been avoided ‘had

we given the matter more, careful thought

beforehand. Accidental injuries are of

course, very numerous, occurring in a

variety of different ways, but most of

them fire the result of carelessness or

Some violation of orders.



During the winter months when roads

are icy and slippery, it is necessary to

keep driving and work horses either

sharp shod or shod with rubber pods. It

is altogether too cmumon a custom





among" fin-mere and stockmen to turn

cut horses for exercise that are Sharp

shod. The result is one of them kicks

and wounds, one or more of the other





horses. These accidents could all be



prevented it‘ horses that are sharp shod

were ‘et out to play and exercise alone.

I also find that short stall partitions af-

ford horses an excellent opportunity of

kicking their mate. Lengthen the. stall

a few feet and perhaps fasten a rope or

(ham or bar across rear end of stall and

these accidents would be prevented. Nar-

row halls and passageways behind horses

giy'c Vicious horses an opportunity to

kick and injure or wound others while

pusslnii’ behind them. in some stables a

swinging bar. or one or two two-inch

boards are used for a stall partition and

some people keep tWo horses in a double

stall without partitions. Sooner or later

one horse usually kicks 0r tramps his

mate.



I also find a great deal of carelessness in

hitching horses; hitch them so that they

cannot get loose. “’ornout, weak. frail

haltcrs that fit badly are. often used in

hitching valuable horses; this I regard as

poor economy. Sooner or later one or

more horses hitched in this manner break

loose and get hurt. it is not unusual for

a hungry horse, to break loose and eat

enough grain to cause his death. Every

horse should he hitched securely when

in and out of stable and every colt should

be educated early to stand hitched and

not halter pull. Halter pulling horses im-

properly hitehed break loose, run away,

become injured or may injure some per—

son. Tie them with a strong five-ring

halter or apply a rope around body

through neck strap Or halter and fasten

rope to something substantial that they

cannot pull loose and they will soon give



‘up thi- habit of halter pulling. Nothing

encourages halter pulling so much as ty—

ing horses with wealceasily broken halt—

ers or tie lines. Leaving horses unhitched

is another Very common cause of acci-

dents.



The proper shoeing of horses will

prevent many accidents. During the win-

ter season ask your horseshoer to dull

inside heel calk of hind shoes, or set in-

side (-alk forward, thereby making it im-

possible, for horse to wound coronet.

Horses that are inclined to trample them-

selves should bo shod with rubber pads.

I also find that horses slip less and do

not require to be sharpened so often if

one heel calk is reversed; by doing this

they strike less and are much less likely

to fall. Narrow stable doors are often

causes of fractured hips.- Smoothly fin-

ished cement floors is one very common

cause of horses falling and injuring them-





 





 





 





selves; besides. a cement floor or brick

floor should not be far from level, just

enough fall ‘to drain. I find many run—

aways to be the result of using wornout

harness on spirited horses; this I regard

as a commOn cause of accident. It al-

ways pays a horse owner to use a safe

bit, reins and traces. Good fitting collars

and saddle pads prevent sore shoulders

and back. Starting and stopping horses

suddenly causes many accidents. Over»

loading, especially when roads are bad, is

another common cause of sprain. Im~-

proper attention to vehicles and other

wheeled implements causes many acci-

dents. By thoughtful care of animals,

proper attention to stabling, shoeing, har—

nessing, feeding and attention to vehicles

and implements that are used. many ac-

cidents could be prevented. It is need-

less for me to say how many animals are

injured by coming in contact with fences,

you are familiar with safe and unsafe

fences. '



A, great many horses and cattle meet

with accidents by breaking through de-

cayed barn floors. After many years of

veterinary practice and in speaking with

hundreds of other veterinarians who are

engaged in practice, we all agree that 80

per cent of all accidents that happen to

animals could have been prevented.



W. C. FAIR, V. S.





FEEDERS'FROBLEMS.

A Permanent Hog Pasture.





“'ould you please tell me through the|

Michigan Farmer what would make a

good permanent pasture for hogs. This

is an old orchard and the soil is a strong

gravelly loam.



St. Joseph CO. L. J. B.





There is no forage plant which would

compare in value as a permanent hog

pasture with alfalfa. On this kind of soil

it should be easily established if the soil

is placed in a proper condition and per-

haps given an application of lime and

inoculated to insure the presence of the

bacteria peculiar to the plant. It will

make more and better pasture than any

other plant which can be used for the

purpose. but it must not be closely grazed

until it has become well established. The

best authorities estimate that good ai-

falfa pasture for hogs is worth at least





 





THE Micni-GAN FARMBR





 





$50 per acre each season. N0 better a“~

gument could be advanced for the use ofl

this great forage plant in establishing a“

permanetnt pasture lot for the hogs upon

every farm.



Rape 'as a Forage Crop.



l have a 16-acre field, of high, dry,‘

sandy soil, which I sowed to cats andl

seeded to June clover last season. butt

lost the seeding. This season I wish to!

sow for ~earliest pasture possible, to rapet

or sonif‘lhilig better if there is anything:

better, for cattle and sheep, and at the

same- time leave the ground in the best

possible, condition as to fertility andt

cleanliness ready for wheat or rye this

fall. and seed to clover in spring. V‘Vhat

would be the best to sow for pasture. and ‘

Would the field have to be plowed for‘

both spring and fall crop?



Shiawassce Co. C. J. D.



For sheep there is no better supple-

mentary crop, which can be used as a

catch crop and sown early in the spring

or later, than. dwarf Essex rape. For

stock cattle it can also be used if sown

with oats and a little millet or in connec—

tion with other pasture, but for milcli

cows it would not be a suitable feed as it

taiuts the milk in a disagreeable man—

ner. You could fit the ground for fall

sown grain without plowing by thorough-

ly disking it up, as the rape will not live

over winter to any extent in our climate.

The rape crop has the advantage of being

a cheap one to seed, in addition to being

a valuable forage crop for sheep or hogs.

It should be sown at the rate of four or

five pounds per acre On a well preparedi

seed bed. ‘



Buckwheat vs. Wheat Middiings. ,



I am a reader of your paper and would i

like to know which would be the cheap-

est fccd for hogs, buckwheat middlings.‘

at $1.54) per cwt., mixed with corn and

oats equal parts by measure, or wintrr

wheat middlings at $1.60 per cwt., mixed

with the. same grains.



Culhcun (7'). C. .T. G.



Buckwheat middlings, that is, the fine

middlings without the hulls, contain 22

per cent digestible protein; 33.4 per cent

digestible carbohydrates; 5.4 per cent di-

gestible fat, while wheat middlings con-

tain 12.8 per cent protein; 53 per cent

carbohydrates; 3.4 per cent fat. Thus, as

a source of protein in the balancing up

of pig rations the buckwheat middlings

would have a greater theoretical value,

pound for pound, than wheat middlings,

and at the price mentioned would un-

doubtedly be. the cheaper. In experiments

conducted to determine the relative feed-

ing value of buckwheat and wheat, wheat

has been found to have a slightly greater

feeding value for hogs.





 





 





 





More Money’s —Worth





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known Case 30. (22)





i



J. I. CASE '1'. M. co., Inc., Dept.40 Racine,Wis. g

Please send me at once your latest catalog de- :

scribin‘g‘ . .

The Car With the g



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NAME ......................................... ...... E

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J. 1. CASE T. M. COMPANY, Inc.. Dept. 40 . Racine, Wis.





 





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COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS co.

Columbus. Ohio





2041 So. High St.





0 a . Writes. os~

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DI

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Austin Manufacturing co., citing:





 





 





 





 





 

   





 





m..—
We"





 





 





 





Your Horses are Entitled

to a Haircut Before the

Spring'Work Begins





Farmers and horse owners of England and France

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Horse Owners Should Use





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CAUSTIC BALSAM





The Great French Veterinar%§emed .

A SAFE, SPEEDY d; POSITI CU .





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W J. E. Gombault. ex-

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Every bott e of Caustic Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 31.50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by ex-

press, charges paid, with ull directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars. testimO.

nials, etc. Address





'l'lll LAWRINOI-WILLHIS GOIPANY, Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





. wlll cure any case or

money refunded

$1 Package

cures ordinary cases.

Postpaid on receipt of price.

,r , Agents Wanted

‘3" ‘ Write {or descriptive booklet





V

PERMANENT





Sale—Certain





 





   





Mineral "save lsrnsriy co..483l-‘ourth Ava. Pillsbury);





     

   

     





 





Breeders oi Jacks and Percheron Horsesziodtigfis





Some nice Percheron





enriings.





year old jacks. 15

olts and Tamworth swrne.





Stallions, Mares,





stock registered or subject to registry. We would be

lad to have you visit our farm or write for circulars.

fl. '1‘. Brown a 00., 156 W. Short St.. Lexington, Ky.





JACKS and MULES





Raise mules and get rich. 18

jack and mule farms under

one mans ement, where can

be seen head flne large

jacks, jennets and mules. 14

to 17 hands high. Good ones.

Stock guaranteed. Write

for prices today. Address





Krekler’s Jack Farm

West Elkton, 0bio_

Branch Barn—Cluton. Indians





JACKS.





Bi est ’nck ofi'erlng ever made. m-day sale on 65

heerfgfl ethra big re istered Mammoth Jacks at 601: of

I am im _ort-

ngOOPeroheron and Belgian mares and80 eta] ions

and must close out a lot of cake to get money and

make room. Write for cats. 0g, photograph. descrip-





their value. Prices , to 81.200 each.





tion and price list.





W. L. DeCLOW;





Cedar Rapids Jack Farm. Cedar Rapids. '8-





lEAflllVETElllNAIlY DENTISTRiY

3.2:? 3000 fiifiz"m.llfh§°tfihy¥.$ 22.3%”.‘im'3

by illuo rated lectures and grant diploma , with degree.

Particulars Free. ”93?" Veterinary Dental





Golieze. Detroit. ch.





 





 





 





YYmVYYfiVYYVYVYYYYYYY—Y





l VETERINARY :





LAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V, S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Eachcommunication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full;_ also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If.this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a. reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





 





 





 





 





Indigestion—Worms.—We have a. horse

that has a rough coat, keeps thin and

perhaps has some worms.

this horse needs a tonic and worm killer.

J. P., Birch Run, Mich—Mix together

equal parts ground gentian, ground cin—

chona, ground wormseed and salt, give a.

tablespoonful or two at a dose in feed

tWo or three times a. day.



Care of New Born Colt.—How am I to

proceed with the care of a new born colt

regarding its navel and after care? Dif-

ferent people seem to have different ways

of caring for young colts. M. L., Parson-

vllle, Mich.—It is usually a good plan not

to interfere with a mare before fooling,

but inredlatcly after she foals the cord

should be tied with a silk, linen or catgut

string to prevent bleeding or the pasging

of infection back into body. Cord should

be left about one inch long, then apply

any good healing remedy such as one

part bichloride mercury and 1,000 parts

,wutcvrwor one par-L carbolic acid to 50

f-purrs water—0r one parL carbolic acid

and 1") parts glycerinc; or apply borucic

acid to navel twice a. day. If the first

milk of mare does not open colt's bowels.

use a glycerine suppository, or some olive

oil, or small plug of Ivory soup to lubri-

cate bowel. It is seldom neoccssary to do

this more than once.



L'dder Tumors.—Thrce-yenr-old heifer

will be fresh sometime in June and she

has a growth on side of teat about the





 





, size of a small teat and I would like to





know how to treat her. W. N., Kingsley,

Mich—Growths of this kind should be

removed with a knife, then apply equal

parts powdered alum, oxide of zinc and

boracic acid.



Sore Lips.—I have a flock of 16 Merino

sheep and nearly all of them have sore

lips. Have been feeding them clover hay

with a grain ration of oats and beans

and they am furnished a good quality of

water. lCVcI-yone of these sheep seem to

eat us well as usual. S. J. 3.. North

Branch, Mich.——Dissolve 1,1, 1b. borax in

a gallon of water and apply to lips once

a day. They will perhaps come all right

without treatment. I rather suspect the

clover may be causing all this trouble.



Eversion of Uterus—I wish you would

tell] me how to treat a sow that is trou—

bled at farrowing time with eversion of

womb. Last year we lost a valuable sow

from this ailment. VVo rcturncld womb

and stitched her, but stitches did not hold

and she died. \V. H. 8., Rose City, Mich.

——\\'hen an accident of this kind occurs

the proper thing to do is to wash the

parts clean with one part bichloride mer-

cury and 2.500 parts water, the-in return

uterus to place without using harsh

moans, then stitch upper part of external

opening, then tie a. surcinglc around

flanks and body to prevent straining; also

give sow opiates to keep her quiet. (live

her two or three drums of tincture opium

(laudanum) at a, dose every hour or two

until she quielcns, and keep her undm‘

the influence of this drug for a day or

two. It is always good practice to keep

hind end highest, but easier said than

done.



Nasal Catarrh—Loss of Vision—Last

Tanksgiving a. friend gave my wife a

turkey. Some two months ago eyes com-

menced to water, a watery discharge

came from nose. eyes clouded, swelled

considerable and were closed part, of the

time. There seems to be a complete loss

of sight and I would like to know what

to do. lrl. ll. if, Coy, Mich—I am un—

able to make a very correct diagnosis of

this case; however, the turkey must suf—

for from a Calarrhal condition of the eyes

and upper air passages. Apply a little

calomc-l to eyes once a day and. dip head

in a salt slution made by dissolving a.

tablespoonful of salt in a quart of clean

tepid water. These applications should

be made two or three times a day. In-

stead of feeding wheat, feed corn. Your

turkey should not be allowed to roost in

a draft or reside in a (lamp place.



Loss of Appetite—Lazy Liver.~—I derive

great benefit from reading the veterinary

department of the Michigan Farmer, but

fail to find a suitable prescription for my

18—year-old mare’s ailment. She seems:

to have lost her appetite for corn, oats

and mixed hay. I offer her good feed,

but she eats little and drinks very little

water. I keep her blanketed when in the

Stable and let her out a while every day.

E. S., Saranac, Mich—Your- marc's teeth

may need floating, if So iile sharp points

off outside of upper and inside of lower

grinders. Give her 1/2 07., fluid extract of

gentian, 1/2 07.. fluid extract (‘inchona and

1 dr. fluid extract nux vomica at a rinse

three times a day. Also give hor 21') grs.

calomel daily for three days, adding two

tablespoonfuls cooking soda to each dose

and in ten days give her three more

doses, one day apart. She should be fed

some roots.



Contagious Abortion—I have a. brood

mare that was bred at three years of age,

but lost her colt at end of five months:

the next year she lost colt at five or six

months and sometime ago she lost her

third colt at end of seventh or eighth

month. What causes these miscarriages?

,x. H. G.. Cass City, Mich—Your mare

suffers from contagious abortion and it

is doubtful whether it will pay you to try





 





 





THE ’ MICHIGAN ‘FARMER.





We believe ,





to raise colts from her. Fairly good re-,

sults follow giving such a mare 25 or 30

drops of carbolic acid we'll diluted and

mixed with feed once a day. She should

be washed out with a solution made by

dissolving 1 (lr. permanganate potash in





six quarts of water two or three times a.





week.



\\'ormS—~Groen Feed for Hogs—I have

a ten—year-old mare that has some worms

and I would like to know what to do for

her. “hat kind of green feed would you

advise me to grow in an old orchard for

hog feed? ll. V. B., Sparta, Mich—Mi):

together equal parts powdered sulphate

iron, ground wormsced, ground gcntian

and quussia and give a teaspoonful at 3.

(lose in feed twiCc a day. You will find

rape as profitable a crop as you can grow

in your orchard for feeding swine.



Feeding, question—About how many

pounds of hay should I food a. 1,400-11).





horse? Also, will he thrive just as well

on whole hay, as if it; was out? E, J. E,

”\Vhitehull, Mich—A horse with good





teeth will do almost as well on bulk hay

as on cut. If a 1,400-lb. horse is not fed

much grain they will eat from 35 to 50

lbs. of well—cured hay in 24 hours. In

cutting hay there is usually very little

waste.



Dropsy—Loss of Appetite for Grain——

Barron Hellen—l have a brood mare scv-

en years old, that has never been in foal

before, which has a swelling under ab—

domen, but it does not seem to affect

her health. I also have a cow that came

fresh four weeks ago which is not thriv-

ing. She eats fodder faily wcll and has

little appetite for grain. Have a heifer

21/2 years old that has failed to get with

calf, but made bag and gives a. watery

fluid, instead of milk. .l. M. \V., l-ligh-

land, Mich ~*Give your mare more excr-

ciso, perhaps less grain and give her a

dessertspoonful powdered nitrate of pot-

ash at a (lose in fecd two or three times

a day when necessary to stimulate klrl-

ncys into action. Give your cow 1 oz. of

ground gcnliun, and 1 oz. powdered quas—

siu or u (losc three times a day. Foul

her some roots. Your heifer may make

a good cow if she gets with calf.



Chronic Laminitis.—l have a horse that

has been feverish and stiffened in fore

feet for six weeks; would like to know what

can be done to make him more comfort—

:rble. F. ht, Saginaw, Mich—Apply lan-

olin to hoofs twice a day. Give 20 drops

tincture ucouite and a teaspoonful pow-

dered nitrate potash at a dose three times

a (lay. Standing his fore feet in tepid

lwutcr an hour or two u. day will help

111]].



Foot Sorcucss.——My seven—year-old

horse is fool sore and when on road hunts

for SOfU‘Sl putts. l’. M. 1)., Ada, Mich.—

lf your homo is lame in foot he will per-

haps poim it out in front of body, but if

lame in shoulder he will give a rotary





 





 





 





 





swing when traveling and keep foot a

little buck of opposite one. Blister sore

parts with cerulc- of canthurides every ten

days.



Stringhalt.—llave a mare eight years

old used for road work, that shows syrup-

toms of s-triughalt, both in stable and

when starting out. Can she be cured?

\Vould it do to use a more of this kind

for breeding purposes? \V. E. \\’., Olivct,

Mid],——Yo11 bud honor use how for breed—

ing purposes. It is doubtful if she can





be cured; luquvcr, you might have her \





operated on for slringhalt.



Abscess on Sillc.m—Lfalil you tell me what

to do for my mur'c'.’ l. was decking logs

with her about three \\'€(‘liS ugo~u work

she has always lwcn used to, and at night

I noticed a bunch low on left side about

the size of 2111 cgg. .\ few days later an-

other bunch appeared. Those bunches

are both onlarging. I have painted this

spol scvm‘al times with iodinc, but it

made little impression. 14‘. H. M., Quick,

Mich.—~.\pply onc part iodine and eight

parts lard to bunch three times a week,

but if this bunch is soft it should be

opened.



lmptrction.—Pigs two wceks old died;

before (lo-.1111 they breathed fast, but were

only sick part of a day. I opened one

and found bowels clogged. Sow is fed

corn, cooked potatoes, milk, slop and

mirldlings. C. F. J., New Buffulo, Mich.

wi'ou should have given Ihc young pigs

half a teaspoonful of olive oil at a, dose

twice a. day until their bowels moved

freely.



Azulux‘ifl._1 have a young more that

had an attack of azoturia sometime ago,

but wus perhaps put to work too soon

uflcr she recovered. She travels rather

stiff, has some fever in feet and I ima—





 





gine is sore in hind quarters. ll l{.,

Saginaw, Mich—It is possible that your

mare bccamc foundered soon after or at

samo time she took azoturin. Azoturla

should not cause fever in feet. The: mus-

cles of hind quarters are frequently left

wcak and atrophicd, but with exercise

and frcding muscle-making food, they

recover. Apply equal parts turpentine,

aqua ammonia and olive oil to coronets

in front and muscles of hip two or three

times a week. Give 1 dr. ground nux

vomica and 1A, oz. ground gentian at a

dose in feed three times a day. It. is also

important to give her some exercisce ev-





ery day; besides, she should be kept

warm.



Bruised Shin—Vaginal Hemorrhage

from lleifer.%Have a mare that was





kicked by another horse which wore dull

.fhoc-s. The injury was to shin flu-0e

mclrcs below hock and is causing soreness

and lameness. Shortly after mating my

two-ycur-old heifer she passes a little

blood and I would like to know if it is

necessary to treat her. “'hat can be done

lo prevent cows from urinating at milk-

ing time? Is this trouble caused from

Sickness? C. .. Reese, Mich—Dissolve

1 oz. acetate of lead in a quart of water

and add 4 ozs. fluid extract opium then

apply to_ sore shin three times a day.

Your helfer requires no treatment and

milch cows urinate from excitement at

grilkmhg ttlge.d tIt is needless for me to



a 1n "

trouble reatment overcomes this





<9) ' 353‘





 





l HEWO STOCK FARM





The Home of the





 





 





 





BELGIANS





This announcement. is for the men

who know a horse, who need a horse,

and who are familiar with values

when they find something suitable.

Have you, Mr. Stallioner, spent dol-

lars uselessly searching for a first—

class Belgian stallion or a. No. 1 Bel-

gian mare for a price at which you

could afford to own same? Have you,

Mr. Prospective Purchaser, decided

Whore you are going to find what you

want?



\Ve want to state here, and to state

most emphatically, that our twenty-

five years’ buying experience in Bel-

gium, and our selling system (all

stock sold at the farm), places us in

a position to sell a good stallion or

a good mare at prices beyond com-

petition.



\\'e are talking of good horses, not

the mediocre kind, and we are in

position to sell this good kind at lesser

figures than are demanded by some

firms for the ordinary sort. If you are

in the markot for an extra good im-

ported Belgian stallion or mare, come

to Hewo and save all these useless

side trips, secure a horse that repre-

sents every dollar that is demanded

for same, and be a gainer of several

hundred dollars on account of “the

difference in price.”



We have a number oi home bred colts at

extremely reasonable prices.



“Remember. Nothing but Belgians."





Don’t wait to write, visit.





l'l. & H. WOLF, Wabash, lndiana.





PERGHERON





Stallions and Mares of quality.

At Reduced Price's. .

l. l. PALMER & SONS, Balding, loma 00.. Huh.





4





 





 





 





 





 





 





Take the time; come to our barn:

gota Stallion. A whole barn full

of good ones. Don’t buy an in-





‘ fcrior horse and complain. Buy

\ ol us and be satisfied. 0111‘ old

customers buy again; why not





you?



“'8 always handle the good

ones and will use you right.

Give us a trial. It will be worth

while.



GEO. W. SOUERS ('3 SONS,

601 to 949 West Matilda 51..





HUNTINGTON. IND.

Our Stallion b’crvicc book for 100.





 





METZ BRO?





NILES. MICH.





We have a fine lot of imported and

American bred





Percheron Stallions





on hand and we can sell them for less

money than any other importer. W’rite

us your wants.



METZ BROS. Niles. Mich.





 





 





 





   

 





Why not buy a





llllAF'l' STALLION





Splendid Selection oi





Percherons 8:. Belgians





——AT———





Bllll. BR08., Wooster, 0hio.





Write for Catalog.





   

 





 





PEHGHERUN, BELGIAN, SHIRE, HACKNEY

STALLIONS & MARES.





Two to 4 years old. imported and American

bred. Choice colors. lots of bone. weighing or

maturing 1.800 to 2,3001bs. Threciimportetions last

few months,,others to follow soon. Prices below

competition, I sell them low and they go fast





. LEW W. COCHRAN.

Office 1091/2 S. Washington St.. CRAWFORDSVILLE, lND.





ICHIGAN AGRICI‘LTFRAL COLLEGE has for



sale cheap an aged imported Clydesdale Stallion

or Will exchange or 7 a. VPorr-hcron or Clydesdale

more. Write ll. S. H[ DSON. East Lansing. Mich.





—l’EliCHEliON STALLION (‘HESLER N .

For salo 61216, coming 3 in May, 1912 ood 0112.

l





 





 





 





Charles R. Dean J: 00.. R. No. 1, Vcrniontvi e, Mich.
PAYS





MORE MONEY





GIVES





MORE SATISFACTION.





NO STOCK CAN THRIVE IF PESTERED

WITH LICE,TICKS,MITES,FLEAS,

SCAB,MANGE,AND OTHER SKIN.



. DISEASES.



, ’To CLEAN OUT THESE

PARASITES, GUARD AGAINST

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES,

CLEANSE, PURIFY, AND

DEODORIZE. USE





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 





BETTER IHAN OTHERS,BECAUSE,IT IS





STAN DARDIZED

9

UNIFORM,DEPENDABLE,EFFICIENT. ONE

GALLON 0F KRESO DIP N0.l MAKES 60

TO I00 GALLONS OF SOLUTIONIDEPENDING

UPON WHAT USE IS TO BE MADE OF IT.)





' A REAL NECESSITY ABOUT

H0RSES.CATTLE.SHEEP,SWINE,

DOGS, GOATS AND POULTRY.





FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.

WRITE FOR FREE cmcuuns. ASK FOR LEAFLET

osscnIaING A NEW CEMENI HOG WALLOW IF vou



*. ARE INTERESTED.





PARKE DAVIS8IC0 IA,





 

 

 

 





   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Get MoreWooI

Get Longer Wool

Get More Money





for yourwool by shearing with 3 Stewart machine because

such wool has a longer fibre. Wool buyers pay more for

long staple—and you get the longest by shearing with 3





Stewart No. 9 Ball Bearing

Shearing Machine





This is. without question, the most perfect hand





ball bearings In every part where friction or wear

OLCUl’S. Has a ball bearing shearing head of the

latest improved Stewart pattern.





Price 0 f mochine.

all complete. Including

4 combs and 4 cutters

of the celeb rated

Stewart quality is





Only $11259





Get one from



you dealer, or



’ ' send ‘2. OOand we



- I' " will ship C. 0. D

"I! ‘ y for balance.



‘ M o n e y a n <1



(. I‘ ‘t transportation



"“ ‘d . g) charges back If

not pleased.





Chicago Flexible Shaft Company





115 La Salle Ave.. Chicago, Ill.





Write for big new catalogue showing the most I om plete and

modern line of Horse Clipping and Sheep Shearing

Machines on earth.





 





 





Thirty Ba ys Trial of





Unlteyd States” Bonded

. Engine, Burns ”gasoline,

kerosene, distillate. onsI er these

2.. 12--lldvantages--1_2

E 1st, Pays for itself In fuel saving

. : in short time. 2nd, No violent Vl-

' , bration. 3rd, Greatly reducedbulk.

4th, Easily portable; mounted any-

where. 5th, Every engine artand

horse power guaranteed. th,

.1 solutely frost proof. 7th, Positively

most economical running engine





Elude. 8th.0n Iy engine with pulley on

0% si es, 9th. Small [11.1) Iley onlcexn

Pe





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





t. or very slowms ines. th.





   





Wonderful New 11th.

Pumplngln‘ln. [Ifmfilfilgdu y repute is In 60 years

Send Winder!” United State. En no Work.

Illustrated Coulee. I508 Canal St. hie-o. III.





IIIPEIIIAL





PULVERIZER





   

   





 





     





 





OLOD CRUSHER

nd Roll ler





Leads them all!





 





 





tifé'uffts The Paterson Mfg. Co. 55'}:





THE MICHIGAN/IEARMER. ,-





Barbed Wire Cut—Swollen Knee—Last

August my flve—year-old horse cut knee

on barbed wire, wound healed but a.

bunch remains. C. W. R., Redford, Mich.

«No hair will ever grow on scar and you

will find it almost impossible. to reduce

bunch. However, you may try applica-

tions of one part iodine and ten parts

lard twice a week.



Contraction.—.~My 12-year-old mare is

sore- in one fore foot and is inclined to

place most weight on outside of foot. Our

local Vet. failed to find any disease of

foot. B. C., Clarkston, Mich.——~The inside

quarter is perhaps slightly contracted.

Poultice foot with bran and water. Ap-

ply cerate of cantharldes to coronet once

a week.



Fractured Leg-Garget.-——Last August

my six—yeahold horse fractured long bone

of pastern and I had plaster of paris cast

put on. leaving it on for five weeks. I

have used him some since, but he is quite

lame when trotting. The pastern is some-

what enlarged and he walks fairly well.

What had I better apply to cow’s udder

that is caked? She will freshen in a week

or ten days W. H., Rushton, Mich. —Do

not drive him faster than a. walk and

apply one part iodine and eight parts

lard. Better milk cow twice daily, taking

only one half milk out of udder. Apply

one paIt alcohol and two parts hot water

to udder three times a. day; also, reduce

her grain supply.



Indigestion -My six- year old horse had

what We supposed two different attacks

of colic, showing both sick spells at the

end of a journey. S. W., Auburn, Mich.

~—Your horse had two light attacks of in—

digestion and may have been the result

of a change of feed or water. Give a ta-

blespoont’ul of gentian, and two table—

spoonfuls of ground ginger at a. dose in

feed two or three times a day



Indigestion. ——Have a pair of horses, one

11, the other 14, years old both have a

good appetite, are fairly well fed but do

not lay on flesh. Have had their teeth

floated and have fed them some stock

food 14. W. R. \Vest Branch, Mich.—

Thcir teeth may need floating, also in-

crease their feed, groom them twice a

day and give each one two tablespoonfuls

of the following compound powder at a

does in feed three times a day: Pow-

dered quassia, gentian, cinchona, rosm

and fenugreek.



Cracked Heels—Sprained Ankle. -We

have a mare that is troubled with crack-

ed hecls and stocking of leg. We also

have another mare that sprained her

ankle causing some lameness, but s Is

traveling sound now, but fetlock join is

enlarged and I would like to know if it

can be reduced. H W. Hersey Mich.

”Dissolve 1 oz. acetate ofI lead 3 drs. sul-





 





operated shearing machine ever deVIsed. Has 1





phate of zinc. and 1 oz. carbolic acid in

lthxee pints of “alter and apply to cracks

thIce times a day. After exercising your

horse apply cotton and bandage to fet-

lock joint; also give 2 drs. iodide potas-

sium at a dose in feed twice a day

I Stifle Lamoness. —My nine— montlu-old

colt shows soreness and lameness in both

lsliile joints and has some trouble in get—

ting up. W. G. M. Croswell, Mich. ——Clip

Ihair off both stifle joints and apply one

part powdered cantharides and six parts

laud (very ten days Give colt 1/; d1 of

aground nux vomka and 1/2 (h. of iodide

potassium at a dose in feed three times

a day. .

i [.ooscuess of Bowels. —1\Iy nine— —month-

lold i1lly has occasional attacks of purging

qud 1 would like to know what can be

done for her. E. l\IcM., Evan Mir-.h—

Hdve colt 1 dI. powdered sulphate irln, 2

IGIS ground geniian and 4 dis. of ground

ginger at a dose in feed twu or Three

Limes a day.



CI: Imp of Muscles —Our five- year- 0d

horse shows a great deal of soreness in

!one fore leg when he gets up, but appeais

to gradually warm out of this stiffness,

but falls lame as soon as he stands still

a while E. A.. Cedar Splings Mich. -~

. \pply equal pails alcohol and spirits of

(amphor to shouldel two or three times a

day; also give him 1 dr. ground nux vom-

Eica at a dose {“0 or mice times a day.



Sprained FICXOI Tcndons. —I have a 10—

yeaI-old hmse that went lame in left fore

leg the vsccks ago and I am quite sure

his cords are sprained. Have applied

:skunk oil and a light blister without

helping him any. (i. F. S., Amadorc,

.\Ili(-h.wClip hair off icndon and apply one

part I'cd iodide mercury and six parts

morale of cautharides every ten days.



Brood Marc Has VVorms.—I wish you

Would tell me of a harmless worm remedy

ilor brood mules and one that will not

'harm a man» that is sum in foal T. F.

M., GIass Lulu Mich —-—Mix together

cqual parts powdered worm seed,g10und

gcntian, ground (:iuchona, quassia and

salt. Give a Iublospoonful or two at a.

dose in feed twice a (lay.



impaction—My breeding cwcs are hav-

ing trouble which causes quick breath-

ing and i found the stomach and bowels

wedgcd full of blood. .1. B. H., Cedar

Springs, Mich-Feed your sheep clover

also some ground oats and bran, but if

their food fails to open the bowels give

2 ozs. of epsom salts or two tablespoon-

fuls of castor oil and four 1’ olive oil at

a dose. If their bowels are kept in good

condition and your flock well suited, they

should improvei KiKndly understand

their bwcls move more often if the sheep

:are exercised.



BarrennessmVaginltls.—My four-year-

Iold cow comes in heat regularly, has been

bred several times. but fails to get with

calf. She has a vaginal discharge and is

only four years old. C. C., Mulliken,

Mich.-——Dissolvc 1 dr. permanganate pot-

ash in six quarts of: tepid water anw

wash out vagina through a. rubber tube

and tin funnel once a day She will not

get with foal until this discharge ceases.



Nodular Disease—My sheep are affect-

ed with bowel trouble, get weaker and

weaker. soon are unable to stand and

finally die. Vi hat can be done for them?

C. D "Brown City, Mich. ——It you will cut

one of the dead ones open, you will find a

great many small bunches on bowels.





 





each of these bunches contain bowel





parasites. setting up iritation of bowels :





and as they are so numerous, interfere

with digestion. In the advanced stages

this ailment is incurable. Give your

sheep equal parts of powdered sulphate

iron, ground gentian and salt mixed with





their feed—they should have 'a. , dose,





twice a day. A teaspoonful is enough

for four sheep. It is needless for me to

say they should have good care and be

fed plenty of grain to keep up. their

strength.



Infectious Ophthalmia.—I.. am writing



for advice concerning my sheep. I have

24 that I had on the place last year.

Theyhad extra good pasture last fall and

went to the barn just after Christmas in

fine condition. I bought a few others

last fall that are poor. On account of

failure of clover crop, I fed cornstalks

and straw for roughage. About four.

weeks ago a two-year-old took sore eyes,

was soon nearly blind and a few days

later stopped eating and in five or six

days died. More of them commenced

having sore eyes, treated their eyes with

fairly good results. Some of them Went

blind, but followed thee fiock fairlmwell.

A few days after the first one died two

more of my best sheep stopped eating

and a. week later they died. Every one

of the sheep that died were pregnant

and most of them had twin lambs. The

sore eyes went through the entire flock,

but nearly all of them have recovered,

except those that had sever attacks.

Those that died did not have the worst

cases of sore eyes. I think this is a

disease of the eye or brain. Nearly all

of them that died were fleshy. M.

C., Dewitt, Mich. —Your sheep suffered

from infectious ophthalmia, with per-

haps other complications affecting the

brain or heart. The first step taken in

line of treatment should be to open their

bowels by giving a cathartic of either

one part castor oil and two parts olive

oil, or to give epsom salts. One ounce of

castor and two ounces of olive oil at a

dose every 12 hours until bowels move,

or 2 czs ,of epsom salts given as a

drench. Apply a saturated solution of

boracic acid to eyes once a. day and

blow calomel into eye once a. day will

prevent blindness. Give 1/2 grain calomcl

and 15 grains bicarbonate soda. at a dose

once a day for a. few days. Give them

any kind f food they crave, but, of

course. it should be of a. nourishing lax-

ative nature.



Nasal Gleat—Diseased Teeth—I havea

road horse that has an offensive disehaI-ge

from both nostrils; this trouble showed up

about a week after I purchased him. I

imagine his teeth are all right for he

passes no whole grain. Is there any per-

manent help for a horse in this condition?

W. B. A., Kibbie, Mich—The nasal dis-

charge may be the result of diseased teeth

in upper jaw. Give one scruple of pul—

verized shlphate copper, 3 drs. fenugreck

and 1/2 oz. ground ginger at a, dose in feed

two or three times a day; also give a

dessertspoonful of Donovan’s solution of

arsenic at a dose in feed three times a.

day. Inject one part peroxide hydrogen

and six parts water into nostrils twice a

day. I am inclined to believe he will

recover.



Mare Does Not Come in Heat—I have

a nine-ycar-old mare that I am anxious

to use for breeding purposes but have not

yet succeeded in catching her in heat.

C. P., Caledonia, Mich.——Give your mare

plenty of good feed and also give 15 grains

of powdered cantharides and a teaspoonful

of powdered capsicum at a dose in feed

twice a day. The neck of womb may

new] dilating and in some cases a. forced

service induces a mare to come in heat.

You may not have tried her often enough

as some mares show few symptoms when

in boat.



Difficult Parturition—Dropsical Swell-

ing—Wind Broken—A colt had to be re-

mchd from mare in pieces; this opera—

tion no doubt injured her somewhat for

a swelling appeared under abdomen in

front Of udder, which, never disappeared.

She is in seemingly good condition now

and I would like to know if it will do to

breed her again. She had her last colt

some two years ago and is wind-broken.

L. D. C., Sterling. Mich.»—~Breed your more

and apply iodine ointment to bunch three

times a week. Broken-winded mares may

perhaps have produce that are predisposed

to respiratory ailments.



Lymphangitis.—»The inside of thigh and

sheath of my horse is swollen and tender.

I looked up back number of paper and

found where you prescribed potassium

iodide and I have given him a few doses.

D. H. B., VVyandoitc, Mich.-—Apply one

part iodine and ten parts vaseline to

swollen glands three times a. week. Dis-

continue feeding grain, but in its place

feed roots or well salted bran mashes to

open bowels; also give 2 drs. iodide potas—

sium at a dose three times a day. Coun—

ter— irritating linimcuts applied to thigh

will have a tendency to make a big leg

Exercise him three times a day.



Indigestion—Septic Infection—My 8

vcar- old gelding eats enough food to fat—

ten him but strange to say, he seems to

be growing thinner and his urine is yel-

low. I also have a nine— year- old mare

that had a. miscarriagee Dec.18,1911;

since then she has been in an unthrifty

condition. S. H., Clare, Mich.——Float his

teeth and gIVe 1,5 oz. ground gentian, 1,9

oz. ground cinchona, 1/4 oz. pondered sul-

phate irOn and 1 dr. ground nux vomica

at a dose in feed three times a day to

both horse and mare.



Rheumatism.——I have eight pigs that

are four months old which 1 feed oats

and rye chop mixed with warm skim-

milk, and they have a. fairly comfortable

place to run. About Christmas one of

them stiffened and died and lately others

are stiff and show much the same symp-

toms of the first one. E. R. M., Pinne-

bog, Mich. ——The cold weather may have

affected your pigs and caused rheumatic

affection, or their food supply may have

caused it. Give each pig five grains of

salicylate of soda at a dose two or three

times a. day and change their feed.





 





MARCH 23, 1912-;





l , _- A..-» _.._ . -.___..__.._..____—_ .__ ...\





walrus ail-"7'11".





L h: E R- 11;”)

I g “"“"""II





it I





. I 4‘ .I I“, and Harness.

'. Pie r s o n &

' ‘ . Hooch Cm.

l





”III”.IIHIIII...L:*.H





LWYOII can I

an IIIIIIAIIA Sll.

. on our plan and

. I‘ll never know you

' have spent a cent!





The best proposition ever 0(-

tered. WWI-it e no a posts! for

our special lan and our free

book entitl “silo Profits.” The

book tells WHY you should have

o Silo and our plan tells no

you. can get one.





INDIANA 811.0 COMPANY.





The lonest makers of Silos in the

World. Address nearest factory:

382 Union Bid... Anderson. 1nd.



”Indian- Bldg Des Moines. lbs

I " sIIo mam, Xi'an.- City, Mo.





AUCTION SALE





I, the undersigned. having sold mylfarm, I offer for

sale my hard of Pure bred SHORTHORNS comprising

11 licad.10 ferns es and one male, and 30 head of pure

bred OXFORD- -DOWN SHEEP, 1 buck prize- -winneI at

Michigan State Fair, and 2) odd high grade ewes: one

hem .\ air now 853. 'Location 4 miles northeast oi.‘

the vi] age of Ubly, Mich” Huron 00., on THURS DAV.

MARCH 28. IOI2. Sale starts at 1 o ’,clock sharp.

Papers will be furnished with each and every head

of Hire bred stock.



'1‘ MS—All sums of $5 and under. cash; over that

amount 8 months time on approved notes 7 per cent.



JACOB MILLER, Proprietor, Ubly, Mich.

ELMER Ii. PAIGE, Auctioneer.





PUBIJB SALE APRIL 4th





15 Head Registered Jersey Cattle

and 20 Head Yorkshire Hogs, at

LILLIE FARMSTEAD.

Coopersvllle, Mich.





Also several farm horses and horse tools.





 





 





 





 





 





— \



Percheron Mares for Sale 3.39%.? 17%”.3513;

goodlbrood mare, have3of her colts to ow, price $325.



brown, 12 years old price $400: one of her 4- \r. -old

colts same color make well matched pair. $400. All

bred. Re istered In P. S. ofA Also 1 yearling stud colt,

price and one imported Bel ian mare, 10 years

old. took Ist prize at. InternationI Sin 1905. Price 3400.

Joseph Parker «It Sons, Cassopolis Cass Co Mich.





FOR SALE OR TRADE!





A 4-YEAR-OLD BELGIAN STALLION,

Wei ha 198) lbs, right in every way! Also two young

JA KS. one coming two \93m Old and BStheother

coming three. Bi hti never wm. Addre



W. G. HIMME WltIGH'l, Frankfort, Indiana.





——8 :fl

CLYDI'ISDALI‘I s.2l'i‘.%..i%i§§i2¥“§§fe,°lil§ifc§§

bred, ready for service. F. A. PET,Z Capac, Mich.





SHEILANII P0NIESF§3¢SIE§I“Soliimigrnili?





My stock is high class and gore bred. Write for prices.

J. M. DDOW. irmlngham. Mich





 





 





 





 





IIIIEI'IIIERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-AN GUS





Herd, consisting of Trojan Ericss Blackbirds and

Prides, only, is headedb by erton W. a Oh'l‘roian Erica.

by Black Woodlawn. sire of t 0 Grand ion steer

and bull at the International in Chicago, “11.500.19

A few choicely bred young bulls for sale.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionln. Mich.





 





 





—Yearling Bull and Bull

“OISIZCIIIS 0f Quality can? :mmA 4.1:, 0, dams

and sires, whose dams have records of 27. 3811b.s

(at 3 years) and 30 lbsw BestR of breedin. Write for

pedigree and prices. W. A,DER owell, Mich





IIIILSTEIN BULL





Just one more Grand son of





KING SEGIS PONTIAC





Ready for service.

Write for What you want; in Holsteins.





REED 5t KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 3 to 6 mos. old, of fashion-

able breeding and from dams with A. R. 0. records,

at. reasonable prices. so one 2-year-old bull, fitto

head a good herd

MIIIPI'IERSON“l I-‘ARMS 00.. Howell, Mlohlgan.





REGISTERED JERSEYS A'I‘ AUCTION.





Will sell on MA530 1! 28th. at Tipton. Lenaweo

Count t.y i.oh 5%EAD 16 cows from 4 to 8 tears,

4 young ls. .KEJINEY, Tecumseh, 1,011





RED POLLI'ID: BULL FOR SALE‘ 3.71m“?





BROS. Blmlnghmd MICI‘





 





 





 





 





 





.





3‘31





agar *wwmw~wl





.x. .u..
.n. L“.





 





_ MAS-n. a... .- »





 





 





 





 





   

   





MARCH 23.. 1912.





 





 





   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





(11)





355





 





 





gone into use.





the past 12 months.





No- Rim- Cuttireshavebeen tested,

probably, on 200, 000 cars. And this

flood- like demand is the result of

that testing. ,



For the year 1912, 127 leading

motor car makers have contracted

for Goodyear tires.



That means the reign of a new-

type tire—a tire that cuts tire bills

in two.



It means that men who know, want

tires that can’t rim-cut. They want

oversize tires, to save the blow-outs

due to overloading.



Theywanthooklesstires. And they

want tires which embody the final

results of 13 years spent in perfect-

ing them.



They get all these features in No-

Rim-Cut tires. Yet they cost no

more than other standard tires.



So these ”200,000 demand these

tires, as you will when you know.





Old-Type Tires





The old-type tires which No-Rim-

Cuts are displacing are known as

clincher tires.



They have hooks on the base,

which hook into the rim flange.



When the tire is not kept fully





 





 





Think what that means.

year than in 12 years altogether.





200,000 Users—127 Makers Adopt Them





Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities





No-Rim-Cut Tires—10% Oversize





Touch the Million Mark





This month ,We celebrate.

A million Goodyear Auto Tires have now





Over half that number have been used within

Yet this is our 13th year.





More used this last





inflated, or run flat, the rim flanges

cut it. Such tires are often ruined

in a single block.



No-Rim-Cut tires have no hooks

on the base. Yet they fit any stand—

ard rim. These tires make rim-

cutting forever impossible, as a

glance at the tires will show you.



And they are twice as easy to de-

tach as old-type clincher tires.





Average Saving

48 Per Cent





_ Statistics show that 23 per cent of

all ruined clincher tires are rim-cut.

No-Rim-Cut tires forever end that

worry and expense.

Then No- Rim- Cut tires are 10 per





Just because No-Rim- Cut tires—our patented

type—suddenly became the sensation.



A few men proved them out. Then thousands

proved them—then tens of thousands more.





Now a million tires.

over last year.

tire commands.





cent over the rated size. That means

10 per cent more air~10 per cent

greatercarrymg capac1ty And that,

with the average car, adds 25 per

cent to the tire mileage.



Thus we figure 48 per cent. It va-

ries, of course, with proper use or

abuse. Your cost for tire upkeep

depends somewhat on you.



But this saving of rim cutting,

plus the added size, will cut the

average tire upkeep 1n two. Andtens

of thousands have proved it.





No Extra Price





No-Rim-Cut tires now cost no

more than other standard tires.

They used to cost one-fifth extra.



Think what that means.





 





 





(lo OD)“





No-Rim-Cut Tires





With or Without Non-Skid Treads





R





 





Now a larger sale than any other





 





 





Main Canadian Office. Toronto. Ont.





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO





We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessohes and Repair Outfits





Canadian F actory. Bowmanville. Out.





Now a trebled demand





Tires which can’t‘rim-cut cost the

same as tires. that do. Oversize tires

cost the same as skimpy tires.



You are offered your choice at an

equalprice. Which tire willyou take?





We Control Them





We control by patents the only way

to make a practical tire of this new

type.



Three flat bands of 126 braided

wires are vulcanized into the tire

base.



Other devices are employed to

make a hookless tire, but in use

theyhaveprovedveryunsatisfactory.



That is why the demand for this

new-type tire has centered on Good—

year No-Rim-Cut tires. ‘



When you change from the old

type—as you will—~do not adopt an

experiment. Get the tire of which

one million have been tested out.



No-Rirn-Cut tires, in these days

of tire wisdom, far outsell all others.

Get these tires. ’





 





Our 1912 Tire Book—based on 13

years spent in tire making—is filled

with facts you should know. Ask us

to mail it to you.





 





(568)





 





 





 





AYRSHIRE





and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. illb lpure

bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.





 





Guernsey Bull Calves Lug“... u. 1-366.!) 15.

669.89 lbs.. 2 yrs. ',,7 mo.





sired by half— brother of Ros? cg

Allan. Kelsey. Lakeview. Mich.





 





Registered Holstein Ballle‘i‘ffifii‘fi $538111 °.’.‘...‘.‘."1‘.’

old. FLOYD F. JONES, R.F.D. 3.





Oak G rove, Mich





 





Poian China hogs.





EREFORDS—7 bulls from 2 mos. to 2 years old. all





‘Si‘e‘éé’i “53.???“ ‘ififii YPSiLAND FARMS

Choicest Konrdyke. Dekol and Hengerveld breed-

11131133190 to Si





BULL CALVES.





00.00 Official Pedigrees on request.

E BROTHERS. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





JERSEYS AND DUROG JERSEYS





FOR SALE.





A few high class boars from such chum ion boars as

Orion Crhiief' Instructor, and King of I iinois. Also





ryse bulls. cows and he





iersf

BRfOOKWATER WFARM, Allll ARBOR, MICH., R. F. ii. 7.





 





re .11nd of the very best breeding. Also big boned

ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Mich.





 





MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.





Oxford Down Slice





for sale.





Rams and ewes of all ages

I. R. WATERB RY. Highland. Michigan.





—Good Yearling F i e l d OUR Imp. Chester Whites and Tamworth swine won



. Service boars. also sows bred

for spring furrow of either breed that will please you

Litchfleld, Mich.





245 1st at Fairs in 1911





in quality and price. Adams Bros.





 





HOGS.





 





 





 





J

BUTTER BRED ERSRYinIda‘I‘S





 





' ' -—Yo11111: sows (1110 Mar. L' April.

nurocs and Violonas Iii‘wi to ]st il‘lzt‘ and champion

‘tory, Lowell,Mich.





boar. Priced to move tin-111. M. 'J‘. 1





YSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





 





Duroc Jerseys for Sale“§:;fsjj”f:,,§°cf51 ”it?





' —VVc.'1nml pigs $15. two tor 82."). Hours f h. . . ‘ 1; ‘ gk' , r x . '.

BerkSlllres ready l'ox senhe $2.'3 (tilts safe in pig mt ersrx 1 unnotl 111. \I' A' BitA\.()ke,mos, ‘V 11 1‘





to HandsomeLcc Jr, .1 Mir 11 State 1‘ air Prize \V' inner

Express prepaid in

COREY, New Haven, Mich





$35. Registered and transl -'1rcd.

lower Michigan. C. C.





 





—B ti . - . ll . 1 -

Dunno JERSEYS tignlgiiiti'hiltci-d. Piggpi‘esszi‘f‘lhfi‘id

Herd established 1888. .11 Banghart Lansing.1\ii1h.





 





 





BULLS-HDLSTEIN-BULLS





Two'} $50 Bulls

Two $60 Bulls





Also 3 ready for business at very cheap prices. consider-

ing breeding. Writ to for description and pedigrees.





Long Beach Farm. Augusta,(hc'g::;;°°) Mich.





HOLSTEI NS





I I can please any body with a. service bull, bulls

from one to ten months old. sired by Johanna

Concordia. Champion. Also cows and heifers bred

to him. Write me for anything you want,

in Holsteins.





L. E. GONNELL, -





d

HOLSTElll BULL $31212? n3yybe§§ds°ir§LP§£$fi§

good dam. C. D. W0 OODBURY Lansing. Mich





 





Fayette, Ohio.





fin randsons of Pontiac Korndyke in

we Have our ot of Holstein bulls ready for serv1ce

now. Prices right. Gregory & Bordon. Ho“ ell Mich.





HOLSTEIN BULLS





FOR SALE





Young bull out of a 20-1b. A R. O cow. Sire

Ontario De K01 Burke—every entry in his pedi-

gree has an official record. He is a. grandson of

De K01 Burke. This is a. timely bred youngster.





BIGELOW’S HOLSTEIN FARMS, Breedsvtlle, Mich.





 





Purebred Registered

H 0L STE IN CATTLE





The Greatest Dairy Breed

Semi for FREE Illustrated Booklets

Holstein-Frisian. Asso.. Box 164. Braflleboroflt:





Vale Concordia De Kol Oornuco is.

“ClSlClll "3rd n“"1‘10 Pedigree and descript1pon

on application. One oyeerling bull. 3 bull calves and

4 gofidc “MK bred to one of the best bulls in the State.

{LE TAO SON. R. No. 3. SOUTH BEND. IND ‘





 





 





 





 





T. P. MARSTON. Bay City. Michigan.





18 mo. old.

For Sale, Reg. Jersey Bull, .01....1...

Sire-pure St. Lambert dams test 24 l.bs oz Dam

has given 61 lbs. milk per day and tested 6.3% last

test. Price 37:3. C. A. BRISTOL. Fenton. Mich.





JERSEY BULL CALF {3113113 chhsliiieiirivg

the quality. C. A. TAGGETT, R. No. 1 Caro. Mich.





ERSEY BULL CALF for sale, born Feb. 11.1911.



.1? Dam -11nd ngranddam. also grandsire Register



rit 1111a A ‘high (lass individual.

WATEeRMANa ctr VVAITERMAN. Ann Arbor. Mich.





FOR SALE 4 Jersey bulls mid one or

breeding. F. W. NOTTEN tTJPraiilseLgfiz, (iiiicii’igziiif.a

JERSEY BULLS, git 131138363?th OffewMztliiiis 0%?





a

heifers. S. B. EASON. STURGIS. MICHIGAN





Holstein- Friesian bulls. also



each. Bull calves $40 to



Photos and pedigrees on appl i.

d 719 Rex St-





OR SALE—3 yearlin



bred heifers 8150

33 years a breeder.

cation. W. 0. Jackson. South Bend





J ER 8 EYS of the best breeding.

Cows officially tested.



A few bull calves from cows making splendid



records. SAMUEL ODELL. Shelby. Mich.





For Sale—Good Polled Durham Bull First class





1n breeding and from 3 00d dairv. cow.

J. S. FLINT. CEMENT OI'.1‘Y ICHIG





RED POLLEDZEE,°§.‘1§JSE£§ 333313ng





J M CHASE 6: SONS, Ionla. Michigan.





f l . ll ter-

Red POlleded Bulls dz StHeifeFr‘sailcr 12313119 11 mmWiflrite

WELLS PARISH d& SONS. R. No. 1. Allendale. Mich.





Sll0R'l'll0llN BULLS FOR SALE 713.0%





mos. old. JNO. LESSITER’S SONS, Clarkston. Mich.

—T b ll



Milking Strain ot Shorthorns .39.“; iginieii‘eri

for sale. WARNER BROS. Almont. Michigan.



AIRY BRED SHORTHORN cows and heifers





bulls and sOpBrin calves. Also Big ty e Poland

China pigs. R0 ERT NEVE. Pierson. ich.





Dairy Bred Shortharns*i.i’“iii‘.8 "Mastic.

each. cash or good note. J. 8.1! MMEL. Mason. Mich.





SHEEP.





' —Wish to close out both sexes. All

Raga. Rambouillels .39., 1.... rUlce arm—2% miles

orrice. on G.T. R.R Rand . UR. J. Q. A. 000K.





 





FOR SilE—3-Year-0ld Berkshire Service Boar.





Best bred in State. Splendid individual at practi-

cally pork price. Also t ioroughbred gi its.

ROUOEMONT FARMS. Detroit. Mich.





—12G'lt 't 9";8 t 2" ‘

BERKSHIRES 8011's11153123 arid up. fill Tiger}? tlgligi

blood lines. Eimhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





 





OR SALE, BERKSHiRES—2 boars & 3 gilts farrowed in June

alsu 11 choice lot of Aug. and Sept. pigs. sired by Handsome

Prince 3d 15L Marion King. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville. Mich.





 





AKE the boy 11 stock breeder and keep him on the

farm by mung 111111 a Berkshire gi It bred for spring

furrow. Buy one how, cheap. (J. S. Bartlett. Pontiac, Mich.





o I 6 Service Bears. Gilts bred for April farrow

IAn and Sept. pigs. large. smooth and prolific.

Glenwood ‘étock Farm, Zeeland. Mich Phone 94

0. Il SWINE—M ales weighing from 175 to 250

-lbs. each. Also a very choice lot ofMgilts



GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansviile. Ingham Co u.





—-A few choice young sows

Improved Chester Whites ma lor 1.1.. mm. 1 Ami

furrow Also three young boars (heap, to ( lose them

out W. O. W iLSON. Okomos, Mitt 1. Both phones





0 I C! -—A few tried sows to furrow in March,

5 fall )igs.11lso Buff iiork cockerel

and cock birds. FR D NICKEL. Monroe. Mich.





o.1.c.swm —M herd .. .N....



descent of the Royal



strain both males and females. Write for Live and

Let LiveJ price on pairs and trios. not akin.



.GORDON. B. No. 2. Dorr. Michigan.



I C -—Bred gilts by Champion boar, 825



0. o ~11.ch for January shipment



C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





0 I. (1' s-——Service males 2.3 bred gilts weighin 175to

2130 lbs. each. 4 bred yearlings. hoice fa pigs.

Shipped c. o. (1 Rolling View Stock Farm. Cass City, Mich





OI —Spring boars all sold. A few lengthy ilts



to be bred for Eiwnil farrow Choice Aug. do Sept

pigs. cheap. A. NE M.RAN .No. 1. Mariette. Mich.

0 I C’s—Ali ages. growthy and large. sows bred.

0 Males ready, 100 to select from. Attractive





prices on young stock. Jump. Munith. M1ch.





o I c swine and Bufl Rock cockerels of

I r1ght tyge.D best of breeding. price way





down for qui0k sale. COTT Quimby. Mich.





o l C’s -I‘.have some very fine and growthy last

fall pigs, either sex. males read for ser-

airs not akin. OTTO B S ULZE.





vice now.

ich.. half mile__ west of depot.





Nashville.





’0. l. C. Sows bred lor spring iarrow.





OTIS GREENMAN. R. 4 Bellevue. Mich.





1





 





FANCY bred l)11ro( Jorseysousduo to furrow in Apl.

S‘pct ial priies ioi M.1rch.Alsol"nll pigs. both sexes

reasonable prices. John McNicoll. North Star. Micih





 





—Boars and Cilts. also

Duroc Jerseys for sale Fall pigs (bdth sexes)

bred from State Fair winners. Prices reasonable.

Write or call and see. it. G.Vivian. RA. Monroe..Mich.





' ready for service. S ecial

30 “lgh Class Boats prices for 30 days Rienty

of growth. style and finish Satisfaction guaranteed.

Come or write. J. C. BARNEY. Goldwater. Mich





LARGE TYPE I) C —Largest in Michigan. Pigs

‘ 0_ from mammoth sires and

sows. Weigh 160 to 17olbs. at 4 months. My motto—

“Not how cheap but howa cod." Will pay ex-

penses of those who com do not find what I

advertise. W. E. LIVINBGSTON Par-ma. Mich.





Registered Poland China Swine 519.3 8.1.29 midi:

good NELSONJ WYCKOFF. Summit City. Mich.





 





 





 





 





’ ' ' —-siz . b n , .

Butler 3 Big Type Poland-Chinas W0 5... gaming.

for everything in Poland Chinas. If you want a nice

bear to head your herd a brood sow or fall pig. Pairs

not akin. or a reg. Jersey bull of any age write us

Our prices are very low. J. 0. Butler. Portland. Mich.





‘ ~Bred from large type. Stock



POlallll Chlnas all a. es. both sexes. at Farmers



prices. W. J. HAGELS AW. Augusta. Michigan.



15 Poland China Sows 1’55: $.21.“5.§1“%.3‘§:

priced to sell. WM. WAFFLE. Coldwater,1iich.



POL‘NB cHIN‘s—Young sows bred for April furrow.



Extra. good fall pigs, either sex.



L. W. BARNES & SON. Byron, Shiawassee Co ., Mich.



' ‘Gilts bred to a $71 for



POIand Chlnas April furrow. Also cholicpie fall



pigs. E. D. BISHOP. Route 38. Lake Odessa. Mich.



b (1

Big Type F. C. Sows 329.933.3313

A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.





MU LEFOOT HOGS FOR SALE. I am making list of

all mule foot owners inUG. S. Send your name now

C. Kreglow Ada. Ohio.





 





 





 





and get free printed matter.





 





oland Chinas—Home of Michigan' s Grand Champ-

ion Boar. Bred sows & full pigs by this great sire.

They’ re priced right. E. J. Mathewson.Nottawa.Mich.





Lillic Farmstead YORKSHIHES.





Bears for spring service. A few bred sows. Also

sows bred for August and September furrow. Pairs

and tréog not akin. Satisfaction guaranteed





LON C. LILLIE. Coopersviile. Mich.
356 <12)





 





 





PRACTICAL SCIENCE.





 





TH-E LlMlNG OF SOILS.





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.





In our studies into the problem of the

maintenance of the fertility of the soil.

we have so far been concerned mainly

with the elements which constitute the

famous tripod of agriculture, namely,

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In-

deed. many agriculturists’ attention has

been riveted solely upon these three ele-

mcnis. It is well to pause here and re—

member that there are some twelve to

fifteen elements which are concerned in-

timately with crop production. The ab-

sence of one of these elements is as

vital to plant growth as the absence of

any one of the three 'famous elements

which have been the subject of so much

attention on the part of the farmer.



For example, iron is clearly as essen—

tial to plant growth as is potassium.

and calcium is no less necessary than is

phosphorus. The question here comes to

us, why haVe we been discriminating all

these years, centering our attention up-

on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium,

or as they are perhaps more commonly

known. nitrogen, phosphoric acid and

potash. The answer to this query is

simply that it has been found that in

general the greatest fluctuations take

place in these three elements mentioned

and that soils exhibit a deficiency in

some one of the three sooner than with

the other elements which are neverthe-

less just as vital to plant. growth.



The Fertilizer Problem an Ecouomic One.



In plain language, it has been conceded

that with most of the other elements

nature has provided such an abundance

that it is not necessary for the farmer

to give economic consideration to them.

and yet this statement. whileb eing the

one advanced, does not strictly tell the

cxact facts in the case.



Wt- have seen many soils in which the

dctit'icncy in iron in available form was

very marked indeed, and in Which we be-

iicvwl a lowered crop production coupled

with an unhealthy growth of the plant

was directly traceable to a. deficiency in

iron. Many soils we have found have ex-

liiliitctl this deficiency in the element cal—

cium or, as it is more commonly known.

lime. About as clear an evidence of soil

deficiency in lime as has been brought

to our attention was revealed in some of

the soils in the western part of Michigan,

in which the natural water of the soil

was practically as soft as ordinary rain

water. It takes but a very small content

of lime to make water hard and where the

natural drainage water, or the capillary

water of the soil is soft. it is clearly an

indication that that soil is deficient in its

content of lime.



Lime ls Indispensable.



Lime is absolutely indispensable to plant

growth. It exercises an exceedingly im-

portant influence upon plant nutrition and

not only upon plant nutrition, but through

the plant ttpon animal nutrition. “'0 do

not class lime directly as a fertilizer. By

this we mean that it occupies a position

somewhat different in relation to plants

and soils than does nitrogen, for exam-

ple, or phosphorus, or potash. Lime ex—

crciscs an important influence as an ad-

ministrative agent, purely and simply. in

the soil. It does enter in small quanti-

ties into actual combination with the ou—

ganic constituents of the plants and con-

sequently it is in this degree likewise a

true plant food. Its third important in—

llilt'llt‘t‘, however, relates to the soil itself

and here is where its value is best noted.

Exploitation of Lime Has Been Almost



Sensational.





A great deal has been written. and the

press has spread the doctrine of the im-

portance of lime generously and with a

lavish hand in the last few years. With

lime, as with commercial fertilizers, our

course and advice must be of a conser—

vative nature. “ice are aware that to get

thoroughly impressed upon the mind of

the farmer as upon the mind of the pub—

lic in general, of the righteousness of any

cause, it seems necessary to approach the

sensational in order to thoroughly attract

his attention. As with commercial fer-

tilizers, many interested directly in the

exploitation of fertilizers have to our

mind adopted clearly the sensational in

the fertilizer question. The agricultural

press, echoing as it does in a measure,

this prevailing sentiment has followed the

lead of these men, and the farmer has

been told of the possibilities of commer-

cial fertilizers which far exceed their av—





erage probabilities. This has served





without doubt to center the attention of

the farmer upon the fact that if he- would

obtain the best resultsin these days, un-

der modern conditions of farming, a mod-

erate use of commercial fertilizers seems

desirable. ‘



So with regard to the use of this pro-

duct, lime. It is not new in its exploita—

tion. Years ago, in much the same way as

at the present time, the use of lime was

almost, we might say, as se‘n‘sationally

exploited, but with the return swing of

the pendulum, it gradually fell into dis-

use. VVe are reminded of a quotation

from a famous pet which practically hits

the nail on the heat as far as our advice

goes to the farmer in the use, not only of

commercial fertilizers, but of this sub-

stance, lime:



“Be not the first by whom the new is tlried;

Nor yet the last to lay the old aside.”



Our interpretation of this quotation, for

this purpose, would read: "Be not as en-

thusiastic as the commercial exploiters of

these products would have you, nor yet

be indifferent to their' use.”



There is a source of information on

these matters to which the farmer may

turn with confidence in a conservative

opinion. \Ve refer here to the various

state experiment stations whose funda-

mental organization makes them the ad—

visors of the farmer on these various

matters. “'e point to the fact that it is

the experiment stations of the country

that have advised caution in the use of

commercial fertilizers. They have recog—

nized their value but it has been devoid

of sensational exploitation. In a similar

way we may'now tttrn to the experiment

station for advice and counsel in the use

of lime and here again we find the farm-

cr advised in a conservative use of this

product, which advice is devoid again of

sensational exploitation.





Many Times the Press is the Only Source

of Information.





“'9 would not be understood as saying

that the press is unreliable on these

points, nor would We be understood as

claiming that concerns who are commer-

cially interested in the exploitation of

these various products are not capable of

satisfactorily advising the farmer on these

various points, There are many instances

of men who have devoted their lifetime.

practically, to the study of these particu—

lar problems and whose belief in fertiliz-

ers and in lime have led subsequently to

their commercial exploitation of the pro-

duct. Their advice is invaluable but, gen-

erally speaking, we will say that the best

guide for the farmer to follow is the

opinion of a competent investigator whose

opinions are conservative and whose ad—

vice is conservative, depending upon the

results of his own and his colleagues’ in-

vestigations. It will be found therefore.

that our opinion along these lines have

more of an experiment station point of

view than the ultra—radical.



Benjamin Franklin Believed in Lime.



In Benjamin Franklin’s time lime, in

one or another form, was used quite con—

sidcrabty as an administrative .agent in

the soil, or soil tonic, and it gained some

considerable ascendancy at that time. Too

generally was it used on some of the

New England soils and, as with the too

liberal application of commercial fertiliz-

crs, without a thorough knowledge of the

manner in which they should be used,

some considerable damage was done in

the application of lime. Consequently it.

fell into disuse and ill-repute, and it it

only within a comparatively few years

that its use has begun to'revive, and the

pendulum once more points to an almost

sensational use of this product.





LABORATORY REPORT.





 





Buckwheat Hay.





Will you kindly tell us the feeding value

of buckwheat hay, cut in the blossom and

cured good and put in barn with salt and

lime? Stock all eat it fine. leave all other

feed for it. Was short of hay so put in

five acres and if it is any good will put

in more next year. Am sending you a.

sample of the hay for analysis.



Lake Co J. C. H.



The sample of buckwheat hay submit-

ted as per inquiry above has been an—

alyzed with the following results:





Per Cengt.





 





Protein .

Crude fibre 2519

Ether extract ....... 2.10

Nitrogen—free extract ................ 59.35

Ash ..... ‘. 7.06

Total ........... 100.00

Approximate net digestibility ........ 25.00





THE MICHIGAN EAfiM‘ER.  





0 Waterloo, Iowa, mentioning this paper.





From this analysis it will be observed

that the protein, 6.30 per cent, is a trifle

higher than is given for about 68 anaylses

of timothy hay. It is considerably high-

er likewise than the protein content of

the various.straws. Its crude fibre con-

tent is less than is the crude fibre con-

tent of any of the hays with the excep-

tion of “hits Top and the Kentucky Blue

Grass hays.



We have estimated the approximate

net digestibility 0‘ this hay—to be 25 per

cent. That is, if anything, a little high,

although it is not as high as is conceded

to be the digestibility of some of the hays

given in Henry‘s “Feeds and Feeding.”

No doubt the protein in this product is

considered more digestible than is shown

in 0ur.analysis but by the net digesti-

bility which we have figured here we

mean the material aVailable after we have

eliminated the cost to the animal of the

digestion of this particular feed. We

think this analysis then will be certain

not to exceed 25 per cent of the dry mat-

ter available.



The question of the value of this feed

depends principally upon the question of

its.palatability. In intrinsic value it is

as great, seemingly, as is that of timothy

hay. In palatability it may be as desir-

able as hay, provided it is harvested at

the proper time when the blossom is on

and before the stalk turns almost en-

tirely to Woody fibre.



Two years ago a manufacturer of candy

was taken into court upon the charge

that his product contained sulphur diox-

ide. The jury convicted him but the

judge of a higher court set the verdict

aside on the ground that confectionery

is not food and did not, therefore, come

within the meaning of the pure food law.

Judge Henderson, of the- Pennsylvania

Supreme Court in an opinion, severely

condemned this juggling with words with

the statement: “No one has a natural

or constitutional right to put poison in

confectionery or other food, and the ben-

eficial object of the statute under consid-

eration ought not to be defeated except

by clearly convincing reasons. The Ver-

dict ot‘ the jury was sustained and the

proper punishment will be handed out

against the offender.





Scientists of the Department of Agri-

culture have. found that under certain





 





.‘(iii Your Tires.

wand Save

All That

i 5 1, Tire Repair





 

 

 

 

 

 





drove a

horse un-

shod, you’d

expect him to go

lame, his boots to wear .

out, and his usefulness to be short-lived.

The tires of your motor car need rotec-

tion, just as do the boots of your .orses.

It is a sheer waste of money'to ride on

unprotected tires, especially on country

roadS.





Standard Tire Protectors





' are almost like armor plate around your tires. Made of

a new toughest rubber and hardest woven Sea Island

Cotton—the only practicable materials for tire protection.

They easily slip on over the tires—and are held fast

simply by inflation pressure. No mechanical attach-

ments. Cannot chafc the casing. Put them on quickly

with just your two hands and a short wood or iron bar.

Sand or gravel cannot get between the Protector and the

tire. These protectorsare proof against puncture, blow-

out or any other tire accident. They make your tires

wear years instead of months-save you hundreds of

dollars.





.0 Free Book telling all about

these money-saving protectors will be sent

you on request. Write for this free



book today.





 





The Sandra-d Tire

Protector Co.,

320 E. Market





 

   





 





{filth "





 





 





conditions some well-bred varieties of

corn» produce very little viable pollen. Thel

tassels appear normal and the authers‘

are well formed, but careful inspection

disclosed the fact that no pollen is sheds

it is important, they say, that this con-

dition be guarded against in the selection





 





of seed corn, as its prevalence will result ‘- ,.





in poorly formed" ears and reduced pro-

duction of grain.





The New Hampshire Experiment Sta-

tion has found that turnips in the win-

ter ration materially reduce the cost of

mutton production as compared with ra-

tions commonly used.





CATALOG NFIES.





 





The Standard Separator Company, of

Milwaukee, 'W’is., manufacturers of the

automatic ”New” way cream separator,

send a catalog of 24 pages, beautifully

illustrated and printed in colors, describ~

ing the only self-contained combination

gasoline engine and cream separator,

which is manufactured by this company,

the engine of which can also be used for

other purposes about the home, as shown

In this catalog. “'rite for same at: the

above address, mentioning the Michigan

Farmer.



“flow to Spray, When to. Spray, and

Which Sprayer to Use,” is the title of a

36-page. illustrated catalog, issued by

the Goulds Manufacturing Company, of

Seneca Falls, N. Y. This book is hand—

somely printed on good paper, profusely

illustrated to show the various kinds and

styles of the new spraying devices man-

ufactured by this well-known company.

_ Novo Contractor's Equipment and

Pyumping Engines,” manufactured by the

l\ovo Engine Company, Lansing, Mich.,

are fully illustrated and described in a

16-Dage catalog published by the abOVe'

company and sent upon request to Mich-

igan Farmer readers.



The new catalog published by the Wm.

Galloway Co., of Waterloo, Iowa is a

large book of 128 pages, printed an fine

paper and in several colors. This large

catalog fully illustrates and describes the

big line (if geods offered _by this com-

pany, including a full line of gasoline en-

gines for all purposes, manure Spreaders

cream separators, agricultural machinery

and implements of every description as

well as house furnishings of all kinds

including luxuries as well as necessaries

and conveniences for the farm home. This

big catalog is very complete as well as

elaborate. Write the Wm. Galloway Co.,





The.Phoenix Nursery 00., Bloomington,

Ind.. issue a 32~page catalog describing

itir :2mpilevtebline dof fruit and ornamental



e .. s ru s an plants. This com an .

established in 1852, make a specially gt





 

 

 





 





 





 





Only One

Question

To decide





NOT whether lightning pro- mmmnrmm.

tectton is worth while. Originator or

BUT what SYSTEM—that Lightning control



is the question.

Qver 2000 Insurance Companies have

given their opinion and backed it u by

notable reductions in insurance rates. hey

are unanimous in declaring in favor of the





Dodd System

of Lightning Control





the invention and discovery of West Dodd. lo houu

no protected In: ever been destroyed by lightning.

The DODD SYSTEM is based upon scientific data dis-

' covered and gathered original] by us. We knowhow

and why, whereas others try 0 copy our methods.

LightningV’lewa Free. Send for our large ll hating

book showln actuailizhtnin photograp I. (we!

to any skept c that the Dodd ystem gives absolute

Kotecnon. We guarantee your safety under bind--

3 contract.





DODD & STRUTHERS

721 6th Avenue. Des Moines. In.





West Dodd. Discoverer

Perfected Lightning Control





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





 





 





Highest Prices Paid forall kinds of

RAW FURS





W e re m it;

promptly on re-

ceipt of skins,

and give fair

assortments.-

Our attainment . - .

to the rank of ‘ " ' * ’

Leading Fur House, is backed up by a_ his-

tory of 80 Years, and as a. further testimo-

nial, we would refer you toany mercantile

agency or bank.



0. GAUDIG'G: BLUM





125-127 W. 27th St. N. Y. City

Importers and Exporters of law Fun since 1831.

Warehouses: HEPHHONDON~PAIlS—Inufl





 





 





landscape architecture and of the plans

adapted to landscape gardening.





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN I‘m

when mu are writing to advertisers.





 

   

 





 





 





«r..’— v
“r"- v.





 





 





   





MARCH 23, 1912.





 





fivvvwvvvvvvvvvaYYY





THE DAIRY '





   





CONDUCTED ,BY COLON c. LILLIE.





 





THE FEEDING AND'CARE 'OF DAIRY

- ANIMALS. ,





 





Dairying is not popular, the work is too

confining, at ‘least, that is the impres-

sion that so many men have from their

early experience with the business, stat-

ed Professor Oscar Erf, of Ohio State

University, in an address before the

Michigan Annual Round-Up Institute re-

cently held at the Michigan Agricultural

College. He recalled the time when it

was the practice to arise at four in the

morning, milk a dozen or more cows, eat

breakfast and get out in the field by sev—

en o’clock. After supper it would require

the evening to milk the same cows again.

From sixteen to eighteen hours per day

was thus spent at work. It is little won-

der that the business became unpopular.

This has been overcome in part, but the

social conditions on dairy farms are not

what they should be, and the speaker

advocated that a campaign be inaugu-

rated for the bettering of these things

that go to make dairying distasteful. By

making the milking a portion of the day’s

work and providing some pleasure it is

possible that the rounds on the dairy farm

can be made as attractive as those on the

grain farm and even more so, for there

is always more attraction where there is

animal life. But if the cost of labor is

increased the dairymen must get satisfac-

t0ry prices for his products.



There is a wide need of co—operative

action in' the dairy business. “’e should

co-operate in the testing of our cows. in

the breeding of our animals, and in the

selling of our products. These things

will come. But they. are sure to arrive

sooner if we give them careful and con-

tinuous attention.



The elimination of the poor animals

from the herd is important, even though

speaking of it may be considered trite.

The average man is not giving it atten—

tion, although it has been impressed upon

,students of the business for some time.

The campaign must be pushed until the

g‘dfi-gjand file of ayerow owners weed out

the unprofitable and give better care to

«he profitable indigjduals. Here the

speaker related information gathered by

~the MissOurfEtatl'o‘hui‘egarding two bulls.

The 30 daughters of one of these bulls





produced $18,000 more of dairy products‘





than did the equal number of cows from

the other bull. It may be concluded from

this that a feW more dollars put in a bet-

ter bull is money wisely spent. Better

heifers result, and mesh give larger re-

turns to the owner. The dairyman can-

not overlook the importance of a good

bull. Get rid of the poor bulls.



The dairyman should also know the

good cows and the poor ones. He cannot

a-lways get this knowledge from the out-

ward appearance of his animals. Out-

ward appearances are quite as deceiving

in COWs as in people. “ 2y their fruit ye

shall know them.” l‘se the same stan-

dard in the dairy barn. The speaker

related that in one herd the Babcock test

and the scales brought a cow that had

been kept in the rear barn where she

could not be seen by visitors, to the most

conspicuous place in the barn, and she

was afterwards pointed out by the owner

with pride for the record she made. Ac-

curate figures help us to see virtue where

it was not dreamed of being.



We must speculate in every business.

But we should narrow the chance of los-

ing all we can. We can do this by check—

ing up the cows’ feed consumed and

credit them with butter—fat produced.

The net result will tell whether the gain-

ble is going against us or not. If it is

not favorable the iigures will tell what

to do.



Feeding is an art. The speaker stated

that science usually did not enter into

the practice of feeding very much, at

least the successful feeders appeared to

have an instinct that directed them in

their work. They, however, used com-

mon sense and that is akin to science.



Professor Erf stated how that one man

hired himself out at $15 per month to feed

dairy cows. The cows were sold and the

man went with them to the new owner.

He was observing, careful, and studied

what he could on feeding cows. His new

owner raised his wages to $60 per month

and finally to $100 after he had shown

that he could get results from the cows.



Two brothers living in Kalamazoo coun-

ty started feeding dairy cows four years

ago. They were good observers and care-





THE Micmc

fully studied the question of feeding with

the result that this year they have one

cow that will break the world’s record,

and two others who will make close sec-

onds. '



An important point in feeding is to

keep the cows filled with good, succulent

feed. There should be a proper balance

between the roughage and the concen—

trates, as well as a proper combination

of the whole feed to furnish the needed

proportion of each of the different food

nutrients. There is often a tendency to

feed too little roughage and too much of

the concentrates. Plenty of roughage

should be used.



Another important thing in feeding the

dairy cows is to keep them in good shape

when dry. Usually cows haVe all the sub-

stance they can get from a straw stack

when not giving milk. This 'is wrong.

They should be fed well. One man, who

has 200 cows, feeds these cows better the

month preceding freshening than the

month following.-



A, third item to be carefully weighed is

that 50 per cent of the feed used is re—

quired to satisfy the bodily wants of the

cows. Now, if the feed given the cow is

reduced 25 per cent, it means that the

feed "which goes into the production of

milk is reduced 50 per cent, because the





cow require an equal amount to keep her§





body supplied.





Professor Erf is convinced that about;





50 per cent of the production of the dairy

cow is due to careful feeding and the

general care given the animal. This

would indicate the necessity of studying

the conditions which surround the ani-

mals, as well as the compounding of feeds

to give the required amount of food

nutrients. as well as proper palatability.





Disoussion.



The discussion of the address of Prof.

Erf was opened by lion. Colon C. Lillie.

He agreed with what the professor said.

contending only that the points should be

emphasized again and again. Mr. Lillie

is a strong convert to the necesity of

palatability in feeds. \Ve should cater

to the cow’s palate. To do this we must

cure our hay prOperly and put all feeds

so that they will be liked by the animals.

The cow’s appetite can be maintained in

much better condition if she is fed only

such feeds as will please her. It is neces-

sary to have some succulent material in

the.- feed throughout the whole year. Sil-

age, of course, is the main source of suc-

culency during the winter time, although

roots are used considerably.



The best available statistics indicate

that there are in Michigan 125,000 less

dairy cows today than a year ago. Mr.

Lillie believes that this decrease is largely

due to the weeding out of the dairy herds

l‘y mom who are cmning to understand

that some cows are profitable and others

are not, many even being kept at a loss.

This decrease in the number of cows does

not indicate. that the dairymen of the

state are making less profits by ridding

themselves of the poor cows. They are:

actually bringing into their pockets more

money.



Dairying is a business that provides a

cash income. Feeding thr- crops of the

farm to dairy cows enhances the value

(2f those crops. lhiiryimm even buy feeds

from off the farm and make a substantial

profit. by feeding it to the herds, besides

increasing the fertility of their land. It

requires about 20 tons of feed to make

one ton of butter. The consumer must

stand the expense of shipping their pro-

ducts to the market in whatever form

they are sold. It costs far less to ship a

ton of butter than it does to ship 20 tons

of feed; consequently the duiryman prof—

its by changing his feed into butter.



Mr. Lillie also pointed out how dairy

farming offered a solution to our labor

problem. Grain farming demands extra

work during the summer season. In the

winter time the hired hclp must find

some other kind of work. This drives the,

labor to the cities. \Vith dairying this

help can be employed the year round,

making it much better for the hired men,

and also providing a better class of labor

than can be secured where only a. few

months’ work are required. W.





 





CROP FOR SUMMER SILAGE.





I intend to build a silo in the spring.

TVant to partly fill the same with some-

thing that will tide us through the

drouth We are so apt to have after har—

vest. Had thought perhaps oats and peas

sown together would be good. If not,

will you kindly tell me through your pa-

per what you would advise sowing. Also,

how much seed to be sown to acre.



Berrien Co. W. C. R.





Green forage crops and other green

crops can be and have been successfully





 





AN FARMER. in) 357

Every Year Adds to t_h£

Evidence That Quality





hemrm





EAR after year, more and more farmers are realiz.

ing that the highest quality separator pays the bzggrst

dividends for the longest time. The experience of men

who bought only on a l0w price basis has served as a ‘

warning against buying “cheap" machines. Men _w_ho

have purchased Great Western Separators are actual livmg

proof that it is the best economy to pay a fair

honest price for qualz’ly. Be fair to yourself.

Get a separator that skims close for a life-

time. , Get a separator that is always easy to turn. Get a.

separator that is easy to clean as long as it lasts. Get a.





2"?“ Great Western





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Get

On \ if you want the most a separator can be—-the best sepa-

Fb‘” ~ " rator investment you can make. The Great Western is





the only separator with a skimming system that follows

nature’s laws—the milk sinks. the cream rises. There

is no chance of their mixing—so you get the utmost in

quantity and quality of cream—even when skimming

cold milk. It is self-draining and self-flushing; there

are no long tubes, no minute slots. corners, crevices, or

ragged edges to hold milk and collect dirt. The

Great Western is ball-bearing throughout. The

balls we use are absolutely uniform in size and test

50 to 100% harder than balls others use. The ball

l » ‘ Hi races in the Great Western are tempered so hard that you cannot cut

3 Crani—Low Tank them with a file. Low swinging tank and low gears with high crank,

Eve thing Just ' mean greatest convenience, least vibration, velvety cream and

rilight ' longest wear without repairs. We Will arrange to give you





Any Kind _O_f a Trial You Want onthe size Great Western that





best meets your needs. no

matter what number of cows

you own. Test the Great Western side by side with any other separator. Try them both on any

kind of milk-warm, cold or stale. See how much better the Great Western 15 in every way.

See how much finer the Great Western is made—note how much stronger the materials are—

how much easier it runs, how easy it is to clean and keep clean and sweet. 'I‘hen dectdc. \Ve

know that the Great Western beats them all. Comparison will prove it to you.

Dro us a card today and we willsend you without any expense

A rt 300k Free or ogligation our beautiful art catalogue showing the Great West-

ern in natural colors and also our million-dollar 5-year surety,

bonu. Shows best methods of separating. gives results of extensive experiments and information

on separating not found elsewhere. l’roves Great Western superiority. Mail postal today.





ROCK ISLAND PLOW CO., 284C Second Ave., Rock Island,lll.





’ When roperly pulverized and evenly distributed over the

VALUE 0‘ MANURE groun , manure is the best; and most economical fertilizer

that can be used. The additional crops produced will





ordinarily more than pay for the spreader each year it. is used. Besides much labor is saved.





SUCCESS MANURE SPREADER





S readin is enerally done when ground is the Success reduce. the draft at least; one horse

rough; largegandgheavyloads are usually hauled. and add years of life. . They insure _all shafts

Success spreaders are built to withstand running in line and retainingpil.

severest tests. Firmly mortised, trussed and Success Spreaders are the lightest

bolted frame, is made of second growth ash. draft spreaders on the market.





 





' h Bose—High





   

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





   

 

   





 





 





   





   

 





»~ : v'i' J. _;'- "Mar.

. , at . .

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J '



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" mini iii/fol





 

 





   





mm—moocm





Beater Starts Free

Throwing machine in gear slides beater

back out: of load. When the machine starts,

the beater is free. It. is revolving when

R [I B i load comes in contact with it. Thus strain

0 er ear “98 IS off the beater as well as the pull necessary



Seven complete sets of roller bearings on to start the load greatly reduced.





Get This Book. Be sure to ask us for a copy of our new book, “Better Farm Implements and

How to Use Them,” if‘you do not. already have one. Answers every question concerning the most

complete line of farm implements. To get our latest Spreader Book, ask for package N0. 85.





JOHN DEERE PLOW COMPANY, MOLINE. ILLINOIS





Cold rolled steel axles are large in diameter.

Steel wheels, made to withstand ammonia in

manure, are almost universally used. Wood

wheels furnished when specially ordered.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Saglnaw Base Anchor and Inner Anchoring Hoop



Positively the only improvement offered in Silos this year. You get

them only in the Saginaw. Why? Because Saginaw sets the pace in

Silo science. Four big factories filled with specially designed Silo making

machinery are rcqulrcd to turn out the Saginaw. It is scientific manufacturer

that makes the Saginaw solid as a rock. With the new Base Anchor and

Inner Anchoring Hoop the last fear is banished that Silo will ever blow down

or collapse. Scientific manufacture gives the Saginawits perfect silage kccp-

ing qualities. Write to nearest factory for FREE BOOK of illustrations and

facts on profitable silage feeding. Ask for Circular Q





FARMERS HANDY WAGON COMPANY





Saginaw, Mich. Minneapolis, Minn. Des Moines. Iowa





Licensee under

Harder Paton.

No. 627737.





Cairo, Ill.





 





The Best Silo for the Progressive Farmer, Stock-Feeder or Dairyman





THE IMPERISHABLE SILO





It's guaranteed. Storm-proof, decay-proof, expense—proof. Needs

.1: no painting or hooping. Built of Patented Vitrified Clay Blocks,

" which are moisture-proof. Keeps the silage perfectly clear up to the

. . Wall. lt's everlasting. The lmperishable costs nothing after it’s

, i erected. Hundreds of owners would not think of having any other

.33, kind. Its use is an economy from every viewpoint. How about

your silo 3’ Don't fail to‘ write for free catalog.



NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY



Agricultural Department A.

Huntington, Indiana





‘7 s WITHOUT





Write for Free Booklet

”How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully W ilhoul Mil/e"





Contain. full information and complete feeding directions lo: using





Blatchford’s Calf Meal —-—-The Perfect Milk Substitute





Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.

N0 mill feed .11]! only call meal manufactured In an exclusive Calf Meal Factory

' Established at Leicester. England. in I809.





BARTLETT (‘3 00., Jackson, Michigan.
358 .5 <14)





ensiloed. The reason for using Indian





corn is because you can grow so much of '7





it to the acre. Now the best and the

cheapest feed in the world to carry liVe

stock through‘the drouth of summer is

to have sufficient corn silage put up the.

fall before. I don‘t think any other crop

can take the place of corn for this. ‘ But,

if you haven’t got it then you can raise

an earlyr crop of peas and oats, cut them

green and put them in. They can be

put in without running them through the

ensilage cutter if you will tramp them

well when putting them into the silo, af-

ter which it would be better if they were

weighted so as to make them pack down

and to exclude the air. or, you can put

in green clover or alfalfa. Some people

raise peas for canning factories. They

put the. pea, vines, after they have been

run through the viner, into the silo.

which makes good silage. This, in fact.

is the most practical way of disposingof

the pea vines where the peas are raised

for the cannery. The thing to be re-

membered in putting this stuff into the

silo is that it will not pack down of its

own weight as closely as corn, and hav-

ing hollow stems which contain air, the

heating will be more severe and there

will be greater loss. This makes it nec-

essary to give particular attention to the

packing of the crop in the silo.



In raising peas and oats for silage I

would mix the peas equal parts by meas-

ure and sew two and one—half to three

bushels to the acre. Cut them when the

oats are in the milk.





 





PLASTERING AN OLD SHEETED

SILO.





 





In your talk at the Farmers’ Club. at





Mr. Fred Howe’s, February 13, you

spoke of your silo which is built some—

what like. mine. They differ in that

yours is plastered on the inside, while

mine is sheeted with ‘33 matched lum—

bcr. Mine has not been in shape to use

for some years. We wish to ask your

advice on repairing it. From the fouli-

dation to the roof it is 23 ft. in., 17

ft. .1 in. in diameter. \Vhich would be

the cheapest, to lath and plaster or re—

shcet it? It would require two thick-





ncsses of matched lumber. For plaster-

ing. can I lath over the old sheeting. and

will common house lath answer the pur~

pose. and how thick a coat of plaster

will it require? \Vhat do you think will

be Illc total expense either way?



Ingham Co. C. -\. Ii.



If you had beveled lath no that the

inner side of the lath would be wider

than the side next to the sheeting of the

silo, then lathing the silo would be of

benefit, because it would enable the

plaster to cling better to the wall. “'ith—

out lath of this kind, lathing it would be

of little benefit. Unless beveled lath

could be procurt-d I think it would be

better to nail lath up and down in the

silo and put them one-half to two fcct

apart in regular courses, then get some

of the cheapest kind of “chicken net—

ting," that is, the wire we call “chicken

netting,” and nail this onto the lath. A

little pains Should be taken to nail it on

with large-headed nails so that the net—

ting could not be pulled off easily. This

netting: would hold the mortar so that

there would be no question about its evm‘

coming off.



I am of the» opinion, however, that you

(an get good ccment mortar to stick on

the walls of this old silo without any lath



any chicken netting at all.

boards, wet them. and then

mortar, rather a heavy coat.

It may need considerable trowcling.

i believe it will stick so tight to

walls that it will never come off. This

certainly would be worth trying. and if

it did not stick, why then it could be

lttlllctl. as I suggest.



it would not only be much cheaper to

plaster this silo this way than it would

to rcshcet it with double-matched lum-

ber but it would be a great deal better.





and without

chcp the

put on the

but

the





It Wouid make a much better surfaCc,

would be much more endurable, and

would be air tight. \Vith this silo prop—





on the inside you will haVc

a silo as anybody, and it

as long as anybody's.





erly plastered

just as good

will last just

ts FROZEN SILAGE POISONOUS on

INJURIOUS TO COWS.





 





Is frozen ensilage poisonous or injurious

as a feed for dairy cows, that is, silage

that has been frozen to the sides of the

silo?



Livingston Co. E. L. G.



I have answered this question several

times in The Farmer. If any amount of

frozen silage is fed regularly it will be

injurious to the cows. Not that it is





poisonous, but eating this cold frozen en~

silage tends to paralyze the stomach or

put it in condition so that it would not

perform its functions properly,





So far as





frozen silage being dangerous is concern--

ed, it would be no more’objectionable than"

eating frozen meats or frozen butter. So

cows should not be fed for any length of

time upon frozen emsilage. If you leave,

the ensilage in the silo until it thaws out

and then feed it you will find that it will

not injure your cows. Of course, you

have got to feed-it immediately after it

thaws out. The only way to do is to put

the frozen ensilage in the warm stable

and leave it there long enough so that it

warms up and thaws out. Silage quickly

deteriorates when exposed to the air after

thawing out. If any decays do not feed it.





WILL IT PAY TO CHANGE THE

RATION?





 





'Xi'ould it pay me to feed a different ra-

t1on of feed to my cows? For roughage

I feed cornstalks and oat straw, and in

the morning I feed 11/2 qts. of cottonseed

meal and 4 qts. of bran to each cow in a

pail of water.



Cheboygan Co. J. B.



“’heat bran and cottonseed meal are

just the right class of foods to feed in

connection with corn fodder and oat straw

for roughage. It is the right principle,

where you

to use nitrogenous conc‘entrtes to balance.

Wheat bran is pretty high and yet most

(ther feeds are high,.and I do not know

as 1 could suggest any better foods. I do

not believe in making this feed into a slop

to feed the cows. Better feed it dry and

then) give them whatwatcr they want.

No reason can be given for putting the

grain ration into a pail of water to give to

the cow. Let her chew her grain natural-

ly and then give her what water She

wants to drink.





 





CRlTlClSES DR. FRASER’S LECTURE

ON DAIRYING.



Before me'as I write is a copy of your

paper in which is a summary of an ad—

dress by Prof. Fraser, of Illinois. Now,

it may seem out of place for a plain

farmer to criticise a noted authority, but

l feel called upon to do so just the same.



I fully agree with Prof. Fraser that

there are many unprofitable cows, but I

cannot swallow all of that address with-

out finding the points of some of the

nails and tacks contained therein. I find

one cow mentioned that gave 1,411 lbs.

of .milk, 53 lbs. of butter—fat. Countfiig

two pounds to the quart we}; have 7@5%

quarts of milk. Most farmers calculate

to milk their cows at least 300 days, this

makes the cow’s average less than 213’;





haVe carbonaceous roughage, .





   





enough in





Price __





to buy another





Cow - -

Yes, you can do it.

Select any other cream sepa-

rator you choose. Find out its

capacity. Find out the price.



Then compare that machine—

rating' for rating '—- with the

BEATRICE.





$25 to $40 difference in favor of

the BEATRICE. 2- .



And you get a more durable,

more efiicient separator— a.

stronger separator -— a closer

skimmer -— and a guarantee

backed by a company with 3%

millions invested inbusiness.





 





 





 





~ml TIT Illll lfll-ll‘dlmllld



fi,;l.. Fmflfllh

(‘11 15 a math



llllll ’ l II“ ”If





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





l— “,1-.. “a.-. I . . ”.7 . -..,.-





.Please write at once for complete des-

criptions. and name of your nearest dealer.





Note: BEATRICE Centrifugal Disc

Washing Devxce and pressed steelpailfree

With each separator.





Beatrice Creamery Co.

Dept. K. Chicago, Ill.

Capacity:

550 to 600 lbs.

$55.00

750 to 800 lbs.

$65.00

950 to 1000 lbs.





 

 

   





 





quarts of milk or 1%,; quarts at a milk—1





ing.

of butler—fat,

per day,





602 quarts of milk,

Another, 1,326 lbs,

quarts. Another 2.944- lbs., 1,472 quarts.

The biggest cow in the herd gave 4,903

lbs. of milk, averaging 2,4961/2 quarts, or

an average of 81/2 quarts a day,

quarts a milking.

Now. I realize that

farmers that have cows





quarts





there are many

that





butter—fat, and can

man might be deceived that way, but

what farmer would be such a fool as to

milk fifteen cows for a year when they

gave only from one to four quarts at a

milking. The farmers of Illinois must be.

a different lot than they are in this

“ncck o' the wood.”



I have one cow. a mongrel Poll, that

fresht-ncd May 1, and July 4 I was get—

ting a ll—qunrt pail full twice a day, and

she is giving thi‘eoqutti'ts a day yet and

will be fresh the first of April. Does a

man nee-d scales and a Baboock test to

tcll him that a cow that gives one quart

a day is not worth keeping?



Again, the cost of keeping them is far





too high as the average farmer under—

stands it. I have three cows, have kept

them and three heifers on ten acres of





pasture land, costing $3 an acre, $30; fed

hal acre of sweet corn, $15; kept them

and two others on 700 bundles of corn

fodder. 3521; ten acres of bean feed, $12:

oat straw, $10, and grain, $12, making

$100 the total cost of keeping them.



We sold $130 worth of butter. I count

the butter and milk for the family at

$40, two veal calves, $18.59, one yearling

at $15, appreciation in value of three

heifers at $10 each, or $30, making $133.50

the total gain of keeping.



Now, I suppose the Professor would

figure mcaloser by about $200 but I can-

not see it. I am fully aware that I could

not make my cows bring me in a good

deal, but I cannot give them the time

that should be given. And this brings us

to the gist of the whole matter: The

profit from a cow depends quite as much

upon the man as upon the cow,



Mecosta Co. I". M. ELLSWORTH.





Another cow gave 1.204 lbs., 49 his:

tWt) ‘

661 ‘





41,4:





give a;

large liow of milk and a small amount of:

plainly see that a,





‘ on trlnl. fully guaranteed. a new.





 





 





v





 





" MARCH “iyafiin‘z'.





MAKE-Mount ~





 





 





 





 





. ‘ ' SANITARY milk can makes

2 4 money for you; in better_qual«

ity milk—“bringing the highest

price. Quality and dirt cannot go together.

A milk can must be sanitary, easy to clean

._ “" and keep clean. That

ascribes the Sturges.

very luside seam sol-

‘ dared, as easy to wash

fig- 3. glass tumbler.

othing taintse milk

like 61d milk or butter

articles. They can’t

odge in sanitary





Sturges

Milk Cans





the strongest built. of



highest quality steel



plate. tinned and retin-



ned in our own sho s.



Workmunship all of be



highest. Seamless neck



sanitary cov‘er, round

bundles of one piece. We

guarantee satisfaction.



2 Write for Reasoning—It your dealer doesn’t handle

them, write us direct. We have warehouses at:

various points throughout the country. You are

sure of prompt shipments from Pittsburg or Detroit

and small freight. Ask for Catalog 46.





Slurges & Burn Mfg. Co.

508 S. Green St., Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





 





The value of emilago for dairy or

cattle feeding is known to all. To get

results care must be taken in selecting

u lilo. The BOSS SILO In ubwlutoly

guaranteed to produce the right kind

of. 01131113.. Why? Because it





IS IIIOIIOIIGHLY MANUFACTURED

and has future: that no imports”

and found on the Ross Silo only.

Profit by our experience and build 5

BOSS 311:0. Catalog explains .11.

Anon“ Wanted

.. The E. W. Ross Co.(Eat. 1850 '

_ Box 14 SPRINGFIELD. on:





All Metal Sllos





(PATENTED)





Direct: from Factory. A permanent:

structure adds value to your farm—not. a

liability, but an asset. A clean. safe

container of silu‘ze. All sizes. Guaran.

teed for du rub lit You know ‘glfi





 





 





i III li-Intij .

' "' . troubles with the other kinds, FR





ruse nearest. factory.

FG. 00., Dept-<1“.

ABSILLON. OHIO





CATALOG. Add

H. W. HARRY M

KANSAS CITY. 110.. AND I





 





 





   

 





 

 

   

 





 

   





L t EARLY BUYERS _

SAVE MONEW ....

‘ . : EARN "$352373" PAID .‘llllllllllllll

llllllllll‘ 9 . mm lllll'lllllllll

am HOW-r5 KflkgmélgiUUSlmEU limit—ELM





     





 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





2‘ THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

It is a solid proposition to send.





well made, easy running separa-

tor for $15.95. Skims hot or cold

milk; making heavy or light.

cream. Designed especially for

small dairies, hotels and private

families. Different from this pic-

ture, which illustrates our large

capacity machines. The bowl is

a sanitary marvel, easnly cleaned.

G e a r s thoroughly rotected.

Western orders in ad from

Western points. Whether your

dairy is large or small. write

us and obtain our handsome

free Catalog. JAddress:





AMERICAN SEPARATOR (:0.





Box ' as

sAmamnez. N.Y.





 

 

   





 





BHALLENEE BHUHN





Makes First Class Butler.

in 2 to 7 Minutes.

Guaranteed. Easy runningasani-

tax-y, durable. Write for free



catalog. Agents Wanted.





MASON MFG. 60.,

out. M, CANTON. OHIOV





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





.m Duirylnen Take I Look at

a. the SlriteZGovemor Pulley.





It's the ori inal and

“only thing" ordrivin

cream separators wit

gasoline engines. Once

tried, always used. TRY

ONE. a your dealer

for a “8'1 RITE" or

write us direct. Don't;

take an imitation.

Slnle Governor PuIIey Co.,

303 90. Third St.

Minneapolis, Minn.





l ‘V :1

LUVIAIVN .





crummy FOR sun on FOR run





near Sault Ste. Marie (Upper Peninsula) Michigan.

Newuund in erfect order. The Up :- Peninsula of

Michigan ho ds all the State recor s for best. dairy

products. Natural conditions for dairyin here are

unexcelled. Jacob Balnbridge, Sault Ste. arie.Micb.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Galloway.”

I just want 3 Chan

the cream separat

better separator at





turning. close

others in your town- long service.

ship to write for my

special offer -— based

on placing 10 or more

separators in every

community. My prices

are such as to nuke

sure of the business.

Answer quick.





vantages of a Galloway separator and give yo

not found anywhere else.





 





pay agent or dealer the high prices they ask.

No separator made can beat Galloway’s '2

Bath-m-Oil Cream Separator for easy





WRITE!





-—long guarantee: and you return it if not

satisfactory. all backed by my $25,000 Bank Bond.





My Free Catalog mildt’EEy’imk‘il’Z‘di





Also my new catalog on Galloway’s general line.

Wm. Galloway. Pros" Till WM. CALLOWAY COMPANY

«an: Galloway Station. Waterloo. Iowa





HERE’S $20





To $45 From Galloway





Victor Sitts. of Holt, Mich.. writes: “For quality you certainly make a

price on your separator that is tight. and I will say that I saved from $25

to $30 by ordering from you.





I will always have words of praise for the





Let me show you how much I can save for you.





cc to show you a cold cash saving of $20 to $45 on

or_you need. And I want to prove that you’ll get 8

this big saving than If you " .





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





skimming. quick cleaning,—





and get the proof

-the low price—

30 to mdays free trial





uvaluable Dairy Information





 





caNs PROFITABLEA
J.— -__W





{W





 





 





 





mcu‘mufl. ' ' . THE-MICHIGAN FARMER. I ' as) 359-





1’ SEARS, OE UCAND I (:0. f

C





out) 3 ‘ h Sklmmlng 1





 

 

 





.....





 

 

 





A





eParalor





Offer Without V , g_ a?

Parallel ‘ "





Think of it! Only $27 .65, full and complete

purchase price for the Big Economy Chief Cream

Separator, a big, strong, durable separator just

exactly as shown in this picture and absolutely

proven by expert tests and thousands of testi-

monials to be the closest skimming, easiest turning

and most durable cream separator ever put on

the market. This is our wonderful, brand new

1912 model, equipped with our marvelous pat-

ented purifying and aerating bowl and the

celebrated double opposed disc system. A

regular $70.00 big business cream separator for

only $27.65, and with a capacity of 300 pounds

an hour, and covered by our guarantee for twenty years.





Direct From the Factory





That is the reason why you get the biggest and

finest cream separator ever manufactured at the lowest

price ever quoted. No agents’ commissmns for you to

pay; no jobbers’ profits; no extra dealers’ profits; no so ,

called factory distributers’ profits. You pay only the

rock bottom price based on scientific management and 1

direct selling. You actually {ray less than the dealer, -

less even than the jobber. our order is‘ filled direct

from the largest and most completely equipped cream

separator factory in the world.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





Our $ 1,000





Skimming Challenge





 

   

   





 





 

 





We will give $1,000 in gold

to the separator manufacturer

who can produce a machine that

will outskim the Economy Chief.

We make this challenge to the

makers of ANY AND EVERY

OTHER SEPARATOR in the

United States. We have tested

them all and we know the facts.

This great sweeping challenge

has been advertised for years

and has never yet been accepted.





 

   

   

   

   

 





We actually save you from $40.00 to $50.00

on any capacity machine you want. For in-

stance, a 400-pound per hour capacity separator

for only $34.90; a GOO-pound per hour capac-

ity machine for only $42.35. Big, massive,

close skimming separators for even less

money than others charge for small machines.





You Can Buy on Sixty Days’ Trial



We Will positiVely Ship you the Economy Chief Cream Separator on sixty days’ trial. We want you to giVe this

separator sixty days’ good hard test on your farm before you decide to keep it. Compare it with any and all of

the overpriced machines you can find around. Try it on warm milk, cold milk, new, mixed or stale milk. It makes

no difference. Then, after two whole months’ trial, if you are not absolutely convinced that the Economy Chief is the

greatest cream separator you ever saw at any price, simply return it to us and it won’t cost you a penny. We

will even pay the freight charges both ways if you return it. And remember, if you decide to keep it, we guarantee

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DETROIT, MACH 23. 1912.





____.__—-





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The announce-

Presidential Preference ment of Colonel

Primaries. Roosevelt that he

would accept the

republican nomination for the presidency

if it were tendcred him, and the simul-

iancous inauguration of a campaign for

the holding of pi'csidcntia‘. preference pri-

maries in Michigan, are events in rc-

cent history so well known and so com-

monly understood by Michigan Farmer

x-cadcrs as- to make extended comment

thcreon unneccssary. But the proposi-

l.ons involved are of such vital intercsi to

ihe people of the state that a calm and

«impassionate review of recent events from

the standpoim of the voters and taxpay—

crs, rather than that of the politicians

with personal ends to serve, should be of

bcncfli at this time.



'l‘hc legislature was assembled in spe—

cial session by Governor (Jsborn. primarily

for the consideration and enacinlcnt of a

presidential preference primary which the

administratii'un sought to have given im-

mcdiaie effect. notwithstanding a provi-

sion of the constitution, which reads: “No

act Shall take effect or be in force until

ihe cxpiration of ninety days from the

cnd of the session at which the same is

pusscd, except that tho legislaiul'c may

give immediate cffect to acts making ap-

propriations and acts immediately neces—





.«zury for the preservation of the public

pence. health or safety by a two—thirds

vote of the members elected to each

house." As a means of securing the





passage of the administration bill, includ—

ing the immediate cffcct clause, legal

opinions were submitted to the legislature

to the effect that that co-ordinate branch

of the. government was the sole and only

proper judge as to the need of giving im-

mediate effect to acts which it passed,

and examples were cited to show that the

present legislature had apparently taken

that View of the matter in giving im-

mediate effect to the general primary act

and othor legislation during the regular

legislative scssion. On the other hand,

the plcdge takcn in their oath of office “to

support the constitution of the State of

Michigan” was cited by a faction of the

legislative body which was opposed to the

administration plan for the direct election

of delegates to the national conventions

at a presidential primary to be held in

connection with the April election, as a

just and valid reason why the bill should

not be given immediate effect.





$2.75 .





In the meantime a compromise plan

was offered which would amend the gen-

eral primary law so the primaries would

be held in June instead of in September

as at present, and providing for an ad—

visory presidential preference vote by the

electors, similar to that now held for the

expression of'popular preference for Uni—

ted States senators in Michigan; This

compromise, had it been acted upon.

would have permitted the holding of the

presidential preference primary before the

dates fixed for the national party con-

ventions, and still allow time for the con-

stitutional ninety days to elapse before

the law took effect. This compromise

was, however, rejected by the administra-

tion forces, with the result that while an:

other substitute bill containing an ap-

propriation for the printing of primary

ballots passed both houses and received

the necessary two—thirds vote to give it

immediate effect in the house, thirteen

members of the senate refused to vote for

the immediate effect clause, thus making

its adoption impossible. Thus the ses-

sion closed, with the presidential primary

bill passed and before the Governor, who

has issued a call for another special ses-

sion to convene on Thursday of this

week, but there is no longer time for the

passage of a compromise measure for the

holding of a presidential preference pri-

mary which would go into effect in ninety

days and at the same time become opera-

tive in this campaign. It would therefore

appear that the interested electors are

likely to have to exercise their influence

in this contest, and in an equally inter-

esting contest for the democratic presi-





dential nomination, in some other way

than a: the polls in a general primary

which, under the circumstances, could





best be done by each interested elector

addressing a letter to the delegates who

will represent them at the state and na-

tional conventions, expressing their party

preference for presidential candidates on

the leading tickets. A general movement

to that end could easily be inaugurated if

interested electors in each township

would get together at the coming April

election and start a movement for united

action to that end.



So far as the presidential preference

primary is concerned, it would appear

to be equally as desirable, if not more so,

than the general primary for the nomina—

tion of more petty officers. If it is a good

thing to permit the people to vote directly

for the nomination of state' and county

officers, and to express their preference

for candidates for the United States sen-

ate, and it is very generally agreed that

it is a good thing, it is certainly quite as

important that they be permitted to ex-

press their preference for presidential

candidates. We are now irrevocably com-

mitted lo the direct primary system in

Michigan. and that system will undoubt—

edly be cventually extended to the nom-

ination of all officers, and to the expres—

sion of the voters' preferences for presi-

dential candidates.



And yet, during the regular session of

the present legislature a bill was intro-

duced providing for presidential prefer-

ence primaries, which died apparently be-

cause of a lack Of interest, either on the

part of the Governor or the ardent advo-

cates of an extension of the general pri-

mary system. \Vhelhcr the calling of the

special session of the legislature for the

purpose noted, and whether the attempt

to give immediate effect to a presidential

primary bill, was warranted under the

circumstances, is a matter upon which

there is bound to be honest differences of

opinion. Both the attempt and the

thwarting of the attempt were proba-

bly largely due to local politics and to

the ambitions or prejudices of local poli-

ticians, into the discussion of which we

cannot properly e-ntcr. Be that as it

may, the votch of the state haVe to deal

with a condition, rather than a theory, a

condition with which they should deal in

accordance with their own convictions,

forcibly expressed in the only manner

which is now open to them.





Following the discussion



The Highway of the different phases of

Question. the highway question

which has appeared in



the columns of The Farmcr during the

present year, we have received so many

communications relating to this question,

and particularly to the country road sys-

tem, that it has been impossible to de-

vote the space to their publication. The

varying expressions of these communica-

tions, however, make it plain that there

is far from a united sentiment upon any

one of the many different phases of this

important question. While some are set-

isfied with the present highway law, oth-

ers are not and there is a tendency to





ma mammalian ER.





     





,Ir- fir Xv





return “to the'Mn:.ceRs.nmba of road-

districts in the remap, _~ which plan is

permitted under; thé‘pi‘eéoht’ldw. ‘



Amongthe communibatlons noted, some

were favorable to the adoption of a. county

road' system, but more were not and, it

the tenor of these cbmmunlcations may

be taken to indicatepubiic sentiment up-

on this questlonkit would appear that the

adoption of the system laxather uncer-

tain in the twelve comics which will

vote upon it at the coming April election.

There are also varying opinions as to the

wisdom of the policy of bonding a county

heavily for the improvement of, the high-

ways under the- county plan, some favor-

ing that plan and others opposing it as

vigorously. ’



The publishers of the Michigan Farmer

regret that space cannot be devoted to

the publication of each and every article

Which has 'been received bearing upon

this question. When the subject was first

introduced, facts and figures with regard

to the cost and permanency 0f the differ-

ent types of road and different opinions

regarding the desirability of the adoption

of the county road system were published.

Perhaps even an indefinite continuation

of the discussion would add no new light

to these problems, however, and thus

would not aid the voters materially in

reaching a. conclusion as to how they

should cast their votes upon this import-

ant question, the outcome of Which will

be viewed with interest by the entire peo-

ple of the state, as well as those resid-

ing in the counties where the question

will be submitted.



It is a question, however, which should

be decided without prejudice, and un—

questionably many who have not given

the matter serious consideration from ev-

ery standpoint, do hold prejudiced opin—

ions regarding it. Among the communi—

cations. reccived on this subject, many

have mentioned the influence of the auto—

mobile inte-rests in the movement for the

building of permanent roads. It is natu-

ral, of course, that an interest of this

kind should exert an influence in that di—

rection. but at most such influcnce cannot

be great in our interior counties at pres-

ent. However, the time is not far dis-

tant when the automobile will be in gen-

eral use by farmers as well as others and

when this factor in the good roads prob-

lem will be a more important one than it

is at the present time.



But in the adjustment of township high-

way‘affairs on a satisfactory basis, the

average reader of The Farmer has a more

immediate interest, since it is an ever

present problem in all sections of the

state. This problem should be given ev-

ery attention, in the selection of proper

highway officers, for the appropriation of

money at the township meeting for high-

way purposes and ' in the'bringing of

proper influence to bear to secure the all)-

piication of funds raised in Such a man-

ner as will bc of the greatest good to the

gi‘eatcst number of the taxpayers within

the township. This is, of course, not as

simple as it might appear, but united ac--

tion among the taxpayers who are agreed

upon a definite policy will go far toward

bringing abouL an adjustment of the

township road affairs which will bc fairly

satisfactory to all concerned. Thus, the

present is the time for action rather than

discussion in highway matters.





There is no one

factor in crop pro-

duction which is

so fully in the hands of the farmer as

that of the seed from which the crop is

produced, and there is no othcr one factor

which is more important to the success

of the crop. Statistics can be cited to

prove that seed of productive strains and

good germinating quality will produce

from 50 to 100 per cent larger crops than

seed of poor producing strains or poor

germinating quality, no matter what the

crop to be planted. ,Seed corn of good

quality is notoriously scarce this year.

Secd outs of good quality are scarcely

more plentiful in many sections, and yet

the time is not now far distant when

these seeds will be required. Many farm-

ers will have to purchase them for plant-

ing and no time should be lost in locating

and securing the needed supply. It is

better to secure the seed as ncar at home

as practicable, provided equally good seed

can be secured, and it should be secured

in time to make germination tests so the

grower will know that this factor in the

production of the season's crop is not

such as to handicap his success.





Good, vs. Poor Seed.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Natlonal.

The remains of the sailors found in the

old battleship Maine during the process

of raising the hulk from the Havana har-





' fiAaéfijisfis12‘. ” *





bar. are “now"beln ~brou¢ht to thls‘oeun -

try upon the-“bat eshlp South Carolina.

The remains laid in State In Havana sev-

eral hours before being taken aboard the

battleship. Friday the wreck of the

old Maine was buried, attended with much

ceremony, In the Gulf of Mexico off the

Cuban coast.



Rear-Admiral George W. Mellvllle, re-

tired, died at his home in Philadelphia.

from paralysis, Sunday. He was 72 years

old and had been for 16 years chief of the

bureau of steam engineering in the navy

department of the government.



As the result of. the burning of the court

house at I—lamilton, Ohio, two persons are

dead and four injured by the falling of

a. tower.



The jury in the bath tub “trust" case,

tried before the federal court at Detroit,

disagreed after ten hours of deliberation.

The trial has thus far required six weeks’

time and this action of the jury will

necessitate another trial.



A reduction in wages was followed by

the women meat trimmers in the packing

houses at Kansas City going on strike.



“’hcn sentence of one year in the peni-

tentiary at hard labor was pronounced

upon Floyd Allen. a member of a gang of

outlaws of Virginia, his brothers and a.

score of followers opened fire in the court

room with pistols, killing the judge, prose-

cuting attorney and sheriff. The twenty

bandits left. the city during the confusion

and were afterwards followed by sheriffs’

posses of seven counties, into the mount-

ains.



Storms did much damage over a wide

area in the southern states last Friday.

in Alabama five persons were reported

killed and many injured, while the At-

lantic coast states suffered extensively

through the loss of property and the in-

terruption of both wire and rail com-

munication.



Dr. Harvey W. ‘Viley, framer of the

present pure food law who has become

prominent for his work along pure food

lines, has resigned his position with the

government.



The snow storm of last week which cov-

ered the southern part of Michigan and

the- states of Ohio and Indiana as well as

adjoining territory was the heaviest of

the year, the amount falling beng fully 12

inches.



The federal house of representatives

passed a bill last week removing the ta1'~

iff from sugar. Twenty-four progressive

republicans joined with the democrats in

putting the measure through the lower

house of congress, the vote standing 198

to 103.



As yet the representatives of the coal

operators and the miners have failed to

agree upon a wage scale and conditions

of employment. The present agreement

cnds the first of April.



The decision of the mill owners of the

New England district to advance wages

of the operators has resulted in all strik-

ers going back to work, and will mean

that the workers will receive for their

services this coming ycar about $10,000,000

more than under the old scale of wages.

Fully 275,000 persons will participate in

the advance.



The federal commissioner of corpora-

tions is urging Upon the administration

the necessity of the government develop-

ing water power at some of the available

sites that interests, which are now utiliz—

ing the more important positions along

streams and bringing those positions un-

der a few managements, may not gain a.

monopoly of the water power of the coun-

try. It is declared by the commissioner

that now 60 per cent of the water power

is controlled by ten great. financial inter-

ests and that the inter-relations of these

ten companies, with the probability of

their becoming more closely related,

makes the question one to be seriously

considered.



Already preparations are being made

for the inauguration on July 22, in De-

troit, of Cadillaqua, a gigantic water and

land fete. Plans for the great event,

which is to be an annual affair, have

been formulated and decided upon during

ihc past 12 months by the leading finan-

cial, industrial, mercantile, manufactur-

ing, municipal, social and civic organiza-

tions of the city.



The explosion of a large locomotive boil-

er in the shops of the Southern Pacific

railroad at San Antonio, Texas, resulted

in the death of 32 persons and the injury

of 50 others. The engine was new and

was being inspected. It is thought that

the carelessness of some of the victims in

permitting cold water to be drawn into

the hot boilers caused the explosion.



In a desperate fight between a sheriff’s

posse and escaped convicts from the pen-

itentiary of Nebraska at Lincoln, three

persons were killed, two being convicts

and the other was a farmer’s boy who

had been impressed into service by the

runaway men. The two convicts and an-

other escaped from the prison by killing

three of the officials of the institution.



Foreign.



There are reasons for believing that the

Russians are about to join in the war

with Italy against Turkey. A Russian

squadron is reported to have assembled

within ten miles of Constantinople.



Former King Manuel, of Portugal, is

reported to have secured assistance from

Spain, England, Germany and France in

his efforts to be returned to power in

Portugal. Certain advantages are be-

lieved to be profcrred these countries for

their interest. Spain will be aided by

minor concessions but chiefly through the

discouragement of the activity of the

Spanish republicans when they find their

fellow politicians in Portugal losing hold

upon political affairs; England is to have

important lands in the Azores; France

will receive concessions in Morocco, while

Germany will get Angola.



Premier Asquith of Great Britain, has

introduced a bill in the house of commons

dictating the minimum wage to be paid

miners. He hopes to get the bill through

the house and have it signed by the King

before the end of this week. It is ex-

pected that the passage of the bill will \





     





 





atwd.‘ ..





-,,. .





i

‘i





owl:
_A__._s.





 





‘nm





 





moon :3. 1913.

the way tot-settling the coal strike.

Page federal troops at Brace, Mexico,

surrendered to the rebels to avoid un-

necessary bloodshed in an unequal fight.

The capture amounted to 137 men and

arms. The rebels are now pushing on to

Parall.





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





Ogemaw 60., March 15.—Another fierce

blizzard today but we are getting so used

to that sort of thing here that we don’t

mind it much. Nothing doing here among

farmers but chores and hauling out a

little manure on nice days. \Ve notice a

few farmers are covering up the bare

spots of wheat with manure where the

wind has swept off the snow, but as a

rule the snow covers the ground pretty

well. Not much change in price from last

month except butter and eggs. Stores

are paying 25c for butter and 18 to 200

for eggs. .

for eggs. A few are hauling in potatoes

at SOQUSOC and some hay contracted for

early in the winter is being loaded. Many

are having trouble with their early lambs

on account of the severe weather, but

those who have good warm quarters for

them are not finding any fault.



Grand Traverse 00., March 15.-—VVe are

having milder weather after an unprece—

dented cold winter. Stock is looking fair-

ly well but all kinds of feed scarce and

very high. Considerable cream being

shipped. Prices very irregular. Consid-

erable quantities of bc'ans grown which

have largely been marketed at around $2.

just as they came from the machine. Po-

tatoes have been marketed quite freely

and there are very few in the hands of

the grower. The price is crowding the

dollar mark at loading stations.



8. E. Mecosta 00., March 15.—Potatoes

have reached the $1 mark. Feed is very

high, some hay having been sold (at auc-

tion) as high as $25 per ton; grain is

about $30 per ton. Butter is down to 220

a pound and eggs 170 per dozen. Ground

is deeply covered with snow and ice, so

wheat, rye and grass must be doing well.

Tender fruits must be hurt some. Many

peach trees are badly frozen, but a few

peach buds are alive yet. A few spring

lambs have appeared and are doing fairly

well. l’igs are likely to be rather scarce.

Horses are still scarce and high.



Ottawa 00., March 13. There is still

a heuvy body of snow on the ground, an]

the weather continues cold. It is feared

that wheat will be more or less injured

by smothering. There is but little that

farmers can do until some of the snow

disappears. Hired help for the farm

seems to be more scarce than ever, this

spring. \Vages are getting so high that

mose farmers do not see how they can

make any profit and depend much on

hired help. Feed of all kinds is getting

scarce, and the price is advancing. Deal-





 





ers in this vicinity are entirely out of





some kinds of feed, and have been for

some time on account of the freight

blockade. This has caused considerable

loss to some dairymen. Hay is,selling for

$206922 per ton, and baled straw from $10

@12. Many auctions are being held, and

most stock at these sales brings a low

price, with the exception of horses.



Mecosta 00., March 13.——Sleighing is

still in order. though not so good as it

was, it is the only way of getting over

the roads. It will be gone in a very few

days. “'9 haVe already had 77 days of

continuous sleighing. Been fine for mov—

ing potatoes and they are for the main

part all sold. They are now worth $1 per

bushel. Hay in good demand at $18@21

per ton. Straw is something that cannot

be had at any price among the farmers.

Hogs, (Sc; chickens, 9c; eggs, 16c; butter—

fat, 28c: milch cows from $2561.50. Horses

are selling at and around $200 each for

good ones. Horses have not wintered

this year as well as last, oven with same

attention and feed. Cattle are in the

main, wintering well.



lngham 00., March 11.—The new local

condensary commenced to receiVe milk;

price per cut, $1.50 for March. The con-

deiiscry is built of re-inforced concrete

throughout and has in connection an ice

plant of 30 tons daily capacity. The

building of this condensery has given land

values in this locality a 25 per cent raise

and Will be of incalculable benefit to the

farmers of the surrounding country, not

only in a tinancial way but as a means

of keeping up the fertility of their farms

by the keeping of more and better cows.

Prices of all grains and seeds high. “heat

1|2c per bu; oats, 510; corn, $1.30 per cwt;

beans, $2.10 per bu; for hand-picked; hay

$18 per ton; butter, 24c; eggs. 17c.



Eaton 60., March 8.—Sleighing is still

good, with the drifts three. four and five



Nl‘eet deep. Today is the first time since

February 21 that the mail carrier has

been over the whole of his regular route.

For the first six days of March the tem—

perature was below zero each morning,

the morning of the 2nd it was down to

1.2 below. Not much chance to begin farm

work yet. Farmers are realizing good

prices. At the. auctions hay in barn and

stack is selling as high as $20 per ton,

and ccrnstalks up to 93.14; per bundle.

Genuine June clover seed is up to a

record price of $18 per bushel. Beans,

$2.15; wheat, 9060930; rye. 90c; corn, 650;

oats, 50c; potatoes, 9006131; butter, 25c:

eggs, 1661200; hogs, $5.75; calves, 5@71/20;

lambs, 3/535340; sheep, 261 3c; cattle, 3@6c;

chickens. 9c. It looks as though the

maple sugar season would be short, and

therefore much sweetness be missed.



OhiO.



Hardln 60., March 15.—Progress is slow

in our section'of the county. The ground

has not been thawed out here since New

Year’s. Some corn out yet. but nothing

to speak of. Some are waiting for fav-

orable weather to ODBn sugar camps and

some want to tile, but it moderates Just

long enough to make a person think its

going to thaw and then gets cold again.

“’heat looks bad and the new seeding of

grass is nothing to brag of. Hay sells at

around $20‘per ton; oats, 500; corn, 60c;

wheat, 95c; eggs, 200.





 





late; the mischief is done.





its protecting and its enduring qualities,

gamble in buying paint.





 





 





 





of my GRANDPA’S PRIDE produced 812 bushels.

and has just been sold for $2.00 per bushel, or a

gross return from one acre of $1624. I have spent



a lifetime in the growing and improving of these



strains of my FAMOUS GRANDPA'S PRIDE,



RED AND YELLOW GLOBE ONIONS. The

points of superiority that I have produced in these

two strains of onions are:, lst, extra long keeping

quality: 2nd, perfect globe: 3rd, large, uniform size:

4th. small neck; 5th. high color; 6th, mild flavor





   

 





Then if you have gone wrong in your selection, it is too





While there is a wide difference in paint—in its covering,





A little investigation will teach you that among paint

manufacturers there is one that stands out as the pioneer in

this country—one that has been making paints and var—

nishes of the highest quality for forty years, and has grown

to be the largest paint and varnish concern in the world.



That concern is The Sherwin-Williams Co.—a name

to remember when buying paint for every farm need. For





Sold by dealers everywhere.

The Sherwin-Williams Co..659 Canal Road, N.





This phenomenal record was made by one of my

customers the past season. This field of one acre





v





A. O. GILBERTSON, Krop Krank





' . n. ,g





FARMER.‘





There isn’t any doubt ab ut the quality of the

have bought AFTER you have bou





still there is no





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





paint you





ght it and used it





whether you buy SWP for your house, Commonwealth

Barn Red for your outbuildings, S-W Wagon and Imple—

ment Paint for your machinery and wagons, or 8-“!

Brighten-Up Finishes for floors, woodwork and furniture,





you get what the greatest paint organization in the world is





Per Acre

From! my





\





willing to stake its reputation on as being the best.





Our Free Book

tells just what paint to buy





for every surface .on the farm and just how to apply it.

This book is free. It should be in the hands of every farmer.

Send for it today.





SHE]? WIN-Wu. LIA Ms

PAINTS e WEN/31153





Ask for color cards. Address all inquiries to

W., Cleveland, 0. In Canada, to 639 Centre Street, Montreal





 





Grandpa’s Pride

g Globe ‘ Onions.





7th, an extraordinary drought resister. Send for my

book on onion culture, covering my 33 years of ex-

perience in the scientific growing of one of my big

money making crops. This book is recognized by all

prominent onion growers of the middle west, as be-

ing the greatest authority on onion culture ever pub-

lished. Let me show you how 1 hm c produced on a. ten

your average, $l5.480 net profits per your, from my {O-acre

field of onions on just. ordinary Iowa soil. 1 Will pay all

your expenses to'Muson City and return, no matter where

you live it‘ lcannot prove to you chry claim that l have

made. Sciidfor my onion book today. and be convinced.

Itls free. A postal will bring it. Address





BOX 759, MASON CITY, IOWA





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 





Why guess at clothes-

quality whencyou

can be sure}





HE signed guarantee in

the pocket of every Cloth-

craft coat is backed by

dealer and maker. It will

give you confidence in all

Clothcraft Clothes at $10 to $25.





It guarantees absolutely pure





 





 





wool cloth; first-class trimmings

and workmanship; permanent

shape; satisfactory wear and

service.



The style and fit match up to

those good qualities—as you can

see for yourself.



Go to The Clothcraft Store-—

ask especially to see and try on

the





C LOTHCRAFT





Blue Serge Special





N95130 inseam $15





It shows the ear-marks of strength and refine-

ment common to Clothcraft Scientific Tailoring.

And it has the added advantage of an extra-good

blue serge—such as usually goes only into clothes

at much higher prices.



If your regular store isn't a Clothcraft Store. let

us direct you to one that is. Write us today for the

address. the Spring Style— Book and a sample of the

5130 serge.





THE JOSEPH & FElSS CO.





Founded IMO—Oldest A merican





Manufacturers of M en's Clothes ‘ We (1

623 St. Chit Avenue, N. W. 1- per





 





White’s Weather

Prophets





. will tell you from 8 to 24 hours

“ in advance what the Weather

will be. ’lhis Instrument is

about. 7,14 in. x 6% in. Full di-

rections supplied with each.

Sent prepaid to any address on

receipt of $1. All Guaranteed.

Agents Wanted.





DAVID WHITE. Dept. M. 419

[-1. Water St . Milwaukee, Wis.





 





 





ANTED FOR U S. ARMY—~Able-bodied. un.

. ’ married men. between ages of 18 an 36.

citizens of .United States. of good oharacter and tern

perate habits, who can speak, read and write the En-

glish languge. For information lg?) to Reoruitin

Officer, 2 2 riswold 8h. Detroit, ohu Hesvenrio

. Saginaw. Mich; Corner let a Saginaw 8b.;

Flint. Mich.: 110 East Main St. Jackson. Mioh.:

Huron and Quay Sta, Port Huron. Mich.





 





that: PAY. $42,530 made by cli-

ents. 2 Books~~“thit & How

. to Invent—Proof of Fortunes

in Patents" 6; 112-1). Guide Free! Free report as to pat-

eutability E. E. ViiooiiAu, PM. Atty, 864 F St“, Wash. 1). C.





CLEAN CLOTHES AND GLOVES





well. very cheaply. Complete guide for dime sewed

in paper so envelo e kee s it. Nothing else for

sale. KLOSKLEA ER. . 8h, Coshocton. Ohio.





 





 





—1IX)0 Railway Mail Students immediate] . E -

wanle amination May 4. 31 yo r1 . Writeytodaxy





&

for free trial lesson. ()ZMENT,17 . St. Louis.





 





wants job by the year. On able

compelenl Farmel’ of taking chm-go or wouldlivork

on shares. E. Y. 893 btiinlcy, Detroit, Michiganj





 





w‘lIEn—Reliahle girl or middle aged woman for

assistant in the dining room and kitchen.

Steady position for the ri ht: person with good wages.

Relerenoes required. trite. Hos ital, Ann Arbor.

Address J. B. DRAPE , Secretary.





 





 





Ioallon tlio Ilclilgaii Farmer when wrmng advertisers
362 us)





V—VVYVYVVYVVVVY VY vavvvvvi





 





 





 





AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





HEARING THE EARLY CHICKS.





 





 





At no period do chicks need greater

care than when hatched out early, and

the work entailed in rearing them is of-

ten accompanied by more or less discom-

fort, according to climatic conditions. To

successfully manage such chicks, feeding

early in the morning and late at night is

imperative. To allow the youngsters to

go without food from sunset till sunrise,-

cvein in March, would soon weaken them,

as they cannot store up in their little

crops sufficient food to nourish them

through nights that are still rather long

and cold.



Another thing necessary for early chick-

ens is adequate shelter from storms. They

must have roomy, dry, clean and airy

coops if brooded by hens, and such coops

must have damp-proof iloors well covered

with dry sand or fine ashes as a pre-

ventive against sore hocks and other leg

troubles. A roomy shed in which coops

and brooders may be placed is essential

at the season when these cannot be placed

in the open with safety. An open-front—

ed cart-shed or similar structure that is

roomy and light will do admirably for

sheltering coops and brooders at this time

and as a protection from storms later on.





Good nourishing foods are necesasry to

ensure success with early chickens. Dur-

ing the first week or ten days the little

ones will require feeding every few hours,

enough being allowed to satisfy them. Oh

no account must uneaten food be left.

about to become stale. Little and often

is the rule to observe when feeding. The

first feed of the day may consist of fine

biscuit meal moistened with hot milk and

allowed to stand until soft and swollen,

and this should be followed tWo hours

later by a little fine grain food, or dry

chick food, and later still by a little fine—

ly minced lean meat. Another feed of

soft food should be given in the evening,

and this may consist of steeped rice mix-

ed with ground oats, scalded bran mixed

with oatmeal, bread soaked in milk, or

any other soft nourishing food. The last

feed at night should consist of fine grain.

Frequent changes of diet are good. Milk

should take the place of drinking water

once or twice a day, and a little fine grit

should be sprinkled on the feeding dishes

or boards occasionally. The water and

food vessels should be scalded out with

hot water several times a week.



As the chickens advance in age the

number of feeds per day may be gradu—

ally reduced until. at the time they are,

six weeks old. three meals a day are sulli-

cient. Soft food should always be giVen

for breakfast, as it is quickly nourishing

after the long night’s fast. The import—

anct- of green food cannot, be over-esti-

mated; ii‘ at all possible they should have

all they will greedily eat.



Canada. NV. R. GILBERT.





 





H_—._





POULTRY DESTROYERS AND HOW

TO CATCH THEM.—V.





 





The fox is one of the hardest of the

fur bearers to trap. its animal instinct

is so \u-ll developed that the greatest care

must be taken in making all sets for it.

liuman scent must be destroyed. This

necessitates the handling of all traps with

gloves. Traps should be smoked by burn-

ing iir boughs that are green.



The lieu—roost set is very simple and

effective for catching the fox. l‘rocure a.

box three feet in length and about a foot

square, Make a partition wall of screen

wire- in the center of the box and place

a live lien or bird behind it. Leave the

front of box open and set two traps in this

opon compartmtnt, covering them with

line trash Carry this box to a place in

which the fox is accustomed to traveling

and you will sure get him. Move the box

in daytimee. This set is aISo good for

mink.



Another good set is made by driving a

stake in the ground, one that will extend

four or five feet above the ground. Fast—

en on top of this stake a rabbit or foul.

The traps are concealed at a distance of

two or three feet from stake. As soon

as bait begins to decay results are sure

to follow. .



Find a path which the fox is known

to frequent. Procure a piece of beef or

mutton, or a rabbit, skinned, with en-

trails left partly in. Drag the bait over

the ground from several directions leading

to set. Place traps in a circle with meat

in the center. Dig holes in the ground so

that traps will be level with surface and





 

   





‘POULTRYIID BEESl '





 

 





cover with dirt or dry leaves. Put a. piece

of wool or cotton under pan of traps.-

There are many other means of trap-

ping fox. Near a persimmon tree, around

dead animals, and in 'hollow logs are

promising places for setting traps. Never

approach or disturb a trap while it is set.

Minnesota. V. P. GOKEY.





IN ANSWER TO INQUIRIES.





 





 





Chicks Smother in Shells.



Is it characteristic of Barred Rocks to

lay eggs in which the membrane lining

the shell is very tough? ‘Last spring

nearly half of my chicks smothered in the

shell, owing to the toughness of this

membrane. Is there any remedy for this

condition"



Wayne Co. J. B. \V.





The condition you describe is not pe-

culiar to the breed named. It is prob-

able that your trouble was due to lack

of moisture. \l'hile it is not stated

whether these eggs were hatched in an

incubator or under hens, it is known that

this condition is more or less common

under artificial hatching and occurs 00-

casionally where hens are used. The

toughened condition of the membrane is

due to dryness resulting from the evap-

oration of too much of the egg’s moist-

ure. Even where moisture is supplied in

the machine it is possible for this to

occur through having the atmosphereof

the incubator room too dry, and through

giving too much ventilation, thus allow—

ing the moisture to be carried off too

rapidly. The humidity of the atmos-

phere in and about the machine is about

as important to a successful hatch as the

matter of temperature, and most of the

modern incubators are supplied with an

instrument, known as a hygrometer, for

determining the percentage of moisture.



That eggs lose a considerable propor-

tion of their moisture content during-the

process of incubation is a fact that has

been pretty accurately determined, tests

made by several of the experiment sta-

tions having shown depreciation in

weight, due to evaporation, ranging from

11 to 17 per cent. It is understOod that

these tests were made under natural, or





average, atmospheric conditions in whichl





the moisture given off was not immedi-

ately carried away by too free ventila-

tion or absorbed by the dry air of an

artificially heated room. It has been

estimated that, at this rate, a sitting of

eggs evaporates enough moisture to sat-





urate the air in an average nest four:





times an hour throughout the period of

incubation which, under right conditions,

is all that is required. The trouble you

experienced,- however, is sometimes de-

veloped in the last stages of hatching

under hens by the hen leaving the nest

for food during the time that the chicks

are, coming out, thus, perhaps, exposing

eggs to a warm drying atmosphere at a

most critical time. For this reason ex—

perienced poultrymen endeaver to pre-

\‘t‘nt the hen from leaving the nest from

the time the first chick appears until

satisfied that all that can be hatched are

out of the shells, even though it is nec-

essary to deprive her of food for 24

hours or longer. \Vliere. it has been im-





possible to do this and the trouble you,

complain of is encountered. sprinkling;

the eggs and nest with warm water lSE'

generally resorted to. Incubator hatchts;

which are slow are also frequently hast—.





ened by such treatment,





it is true that the inability of chicks:





to get out of the shell is generally at-

tributed to lack of vitality in the. breed—

ing stock and some. poultrymen go so far

as to declare that assistance given to

such chicks is time and labor wasted.

llowcver, most raisers prefer to get out

(‘Vt'I‘y chick possible, whatever the means,

and this looks like good judgment when

we consider that the trouble is almost as

likely to be due to the improper mois-

ture conditions described above as to

lack of vigor in the breeders. It is a

fact, howeVer, that chicks which have

to be helped out of the shell are almost

universally weak, since the want of mois-

ture during incubation weakens the

growing organism, thus_ increasing the

difficulty at hatching time.



Charge for Hatching——Ventilating Cement



House.





“That is the usual price for hatching,

chickens, the eggs being furnished? 1‘





have a chance to hatch some, that way

but do not know what to charge.



What is the best way to ventilate a

cement block chicken house?



Kent C0. Mrs. W. W. S.





We do not know what is the customary

charge for hatching chicks under such

an agreement. It is doubtful whether

the practice has become sufficiently com-

mon to establish a uniform price. It

should not be difficult for you to figure





we Mlcmcwismmm





 





 





', Three Important FaCts

concerning the much-talked-of





United States Tires





The first fact





United States Tires are made as no

other tires in the world are made. in any style you prefer.



The co—operative method employed Three styles of fastening—Dunlap

in their manufacture is unique in (straight side), Quick Detachable and

automobile tire manufacturing. Clincher, and six different treads—

, Plain, Bailey, Nobby, Chain, Type

Here is the method: Course and Steel Stud.



A If you are convinced that a certain

In four of the largest and best- style of fastening or tread can best

equipped tire factories in the world serve your urpose, you can not only

there areal: work today four corps of get it in a nited States Tire, but—

tire specialists, each of which for- what is even moreimportant—youcan

merly made a. brand of tires which get it in a tire made as only United

ranked among the world’s best tires States Tires are made.

—Continental, G & J, Hartford and Thus the motorist who clearly rec-

Morgan & Wright. ognizes our claim to his patronage on





 

 

   

   

   





The second fact





You can buy United States Tires





   

   

 

   

   





 





Each body of men formerly put the basis of manufacturing methods is

into the tire of its particular manu- enabled to take advantage of our tires

facture enough of regardless of per-

quality, enough of canal choice in the

strength, enough of matter of fastening

actual wear to cause or tread.





the tire to become a

The third fact





front—rank tire—a

tire that easily com-

United States

Tires cost no more





peted with all other



single-factory tires.

than you are asked

to pay for other





N ow—

kinds.





In the same fac—

tories today these

This opportunity

to secure extra value





same tire specialists



are at work building

without extra cost

has naturally ap-





tirw not only as

good as they know

£fi?§fllats—Z%itga;l: ’3' - ' . pealed to motorists

..... --”“ ‘1 Mia. li‘tifétliiien‘lol‘é

of three additional 20323;??? $366333?





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





A





 

 

 





 

   





"SIL'\~





.. \' .Iu. .EIIIII/I’"





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





corps oftlre experts, I There is e y

ver





can mak th .

e em indication that the





\

Or, to put it another way— spring season will witness thousands

of motorists putting on one, two or





It {8 precnsgely ans-1f the motorist. more United States Tires for the first

desmng an Ideal tire, 8110““ CO!!— time—motorists who are convinced

tract with four leading tire manu- that, at the same price, tires made by

facturers to build a tire that would our co—Operativc method most cer-

actually combine every element of tilinly should g iVG exceptionally large

strength and every secret of manu- mileage returns for their investment.





facture known to the four com_ Knowing as thoroly as we do what

panies. our four-factory method of manufac-





ture means in the production of su-



lt isinconceivahlethatsuch a method perior grade tires, we frankly invite

of tire manufacturing should not pro- every mOtOHSt Who, Without preju-

duce a grade of tires that is distinctly d109, is looking for 8 full return on

better than could possibly have been his tire expenditure, to use United

produced by any one of the factories States Tires as either partial or

working Single-handed. exclusive equipment during 1912.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





America’s Predominant Tires





at no greater cost than other kinds

sou) svunvwnunu





United States Tire Company, New York

X





$7.35 BUYS THIS:





 





 





 





 





 





 





Heroin the Incubator to buy—saves you money and has all the big features. Special ,3

construction—III. hundrodt of do-d Ilr cello. Large“ lncubahor ever offered. for the .

price. Ventilation and hosting always perfect. Chicks come through safely every time.

I. oubltantinlly built—ha: high legs—cold rolled copper tank—hot water heat—double

_ .. doors—egg tester—safety lump —deep nursery—double disc "

-- regulator. Speoinl price $7.35. Incubator and Broader or-

dered together $9.85. Freight prepaid East of Rockies.

BIG BOOK .PREE. Buy right from this Id—will return

your money with 8 per cent. interest besides it dissatisfied, but if you wm‘to be

further convmcod and learn all the details of this wonderful incubator, send for





W “mm- “mem ““11“” PROGRESSIVE Inwwon m. Box m Raclnc,Vlls.





125 Egg Incubator in! Broader ill" $ I o





7 :11“ Wh pay more than our price? If ordered together we send



9-3: bot. machines for Duly $1 .00. and pay freight charges East. of Rockies.

“3‘ Hot. water, double Will Is. dead air a ace between,doublo glass doors.copper

tanks and boilers. self-regulating). ursery under egg tray. Incubator and

M , Brooder shipped com lpte With 1; ermometers, lam aegg-testers—readvto

. “99 when you et them. we year ”antes-30 days trial. I3 ' ' '

Rogues highhgraéievgla Iftgmia lftfedwdood lumgg

‘ mac me ‘10 eruo are an ‘ ' ' '



this—you’ll save money- -it ya to Investigate before y%h%:;? ”Sgt? ‘fhr? rgfilil’hle 3:1153’10333? it? fighdrfiefiglghiagfign 32v: 312?





l‘v'il‘gu'fi‘édgyf‘iiofi‘l‘e‘lgtmWISCONSIN IINCUBATOR CO. Box 126 Raclne WIS-





Mfllld! Lee “ 14o EGG INCUBATOII





i m. 140 CHICK BROODER

The incubator-that is akin: chick I





- games-norm

hatching a. science. “ pen front poultry touse 0mm . For 1 o





' wood, covered

plan or ventilation—o eninas at the cage. Heat, . , with asbestosmd calvnnized

moisture and ventilat on re ated and appor- ‘ item has triple walls. copper tank;

tinned automatically. Send orlateltbookJree. .’ , mama: egg tester. thermometer ready

Write In for mating list and ricea on S. C. . louse. 30 | 8 ' T ill—money he

Kalgrifigzhorn stock and eggs rom the Mandy it not 0- K- Write for MON-8108 today-

OIO. tun co.. 1 a I 2 «may 3... Omaha. Nob. Ironclad Incubator co" Dept. 65 llaclne.Vlls.





   

 





 





 





   

   

   

 

 

   

 

 

 





 

 





 





 

 

 





 





   





 





 

 

 





 

   

 

 





 





 

 

 





.3 I.”





, we“





vs.
neon 6 w





vi.





 





 





   





. MARC .23. 1.912.

approximawly‘ at least, what flyou

can afford to do the work for. You are.

of course, familiar with the work and

therefore know about how much time

and labor. are‘involved in bringing off an

incubator hatch. Try to determine what

your time is worth to you, either per

hour or per day, and charge up the time

devoted to the hatch at this rate. Add

to this the cost of the fuel required and

interest.0n the mon'cy invested in the

machine. It must be remembered that

the hatch will consume the time of the

machine for nearly a month—counting

in the cleaning and disinfecting of the

machine before and after making the

hatch—and in charging interest on in-

vestment it should be figured on the

basis of the number of months that the

machine is in Operation rather than on

a full-year basis. It will also be proper

to charge about 5 percent for deprecia-

tion or wear and tear on the machine,

figuring this on the same basis as the

interest. .



With these factors in mind it should be

possible to make a pretty close estimate

on what it should cost to run and care

for a machine for the period. From this

the cost per egg can easily be determined.

The larger the machine the lower the

charge per egg should be since the small

machine will demand the same attention

as the larger one, while the difference in

fuel and labor required will be so slight

as to be of little moment.



In a poultry house built of cement

blocks the King system 0f ventilation

should work well, for the reason that the

walls are perfectly tight. This system as





out,





it is used in ventilating stock and dairy





barns has been illustrated and described

in this paper many times. Briefly, the

system provides for the introducing of

pure air through small pipes or lines

cither built in the walls or attached to

them. These receive outdoor air at the

lower end near the ground and admit it

to the house from the upper end, at. a

point near the ceiling. Then near the

center of the building there should: be a

large outlet flue beginning near the floor

and extending through the roof to a con-

siderable hight, the purpose of this being

to draw off the. foul air as it falls to the

iloor. Prof. King's experiments indicate

that in a house built to accommodate 50

fowls this outlet flue should be about 14

inches square and extend 16 feet above

the floor. The intakes are best located

on several sides of the building, being

small and well distributed. but their com--

bined capacity should equal or slightly

exceed that of the outlet, and they should

be fitted with dampers or valves by

means of which the admission of air can

be controlled. As before stated, such

a system will work well in a house hav-

ing tight walls, windows and doors but

under other conditions would probably not

pruVe satisfactory.

The Cold Broader.





An Oakland county subscriber writes

for information concerning the cold or

tireless brooder. The unheated brooder is

intended to be used in a brooding house

or a building or shed which gives ample

protection from wind and weather. Under

such conditions it is proving fairly satis-

factory. Only about 50 chicks can be

handled in one of these brooders as there

is too much crowding when more than

that number are put together.



Being small, a breeder of this kind is

conveniently handled, and it is possible

for the owner of a large flock. who desires

to use this system of brooding, to have a

number ‘of them, as they are quite inex-

pensive. A Department of- Agriculture

bulletin recently described the construc-

tion of a satisfactory cold brooder from

a common cheese box. the details being

as follows: Proceed to tear down the box

by knocking out the bottom. Then knock

the lid to pieces, being careful not to

break the rim. The lid should then be

put together again so that, instead of

being large enough to go over the rim it

should fit loosely on the inside. “’ith a

knife or saw make an opening in the

lower rim of the box to permit the en-

trance of the chicks. To the hoop that

has been made from the top should be

lacked a piece of canton flannel, allowing

this to sag quite loosely. Now put the

covered hoop into the top of the box, or

rather in the rim, and the brooder is

complete. When the chicks are first put:

into the brooder the flannel cover should

sag down low enough to touch their

backs. It ....is claiined that an ordinary

cheese box thus fitted up, will aceommo-

date 50 chicks but this number should be

reduced by one-half after a few weeks.



It is recgmmended that the chicks be

placed' in the broader at the age of 24

hours, being given sufficient litter or bed—





 





- ,3; '1,“ E,“ .

ding to enable them to make a goodnest

in the center of the hover. 'The idea is

to conserve the heat generated by the

bodies of the chicks and in order to do

this the folds of the flannel must come in

contact with them when the'yvhuddle be-

neath it. If such a. brooder is to be used

in anything like severe weather the box

should be lined with old blankets of some

sort and an old pillow or pieces of blank-

ets placed on.top of the hover.



TRYING CONDITIONS'FOR BEES—

SPRING FEEDING.





 





 





Early spring is a most critical time for

bees and there is little doubt that more

bees die during this month and April than

at any other period of the year. The

first bright days lead them to take

cleansing flights while the air is still cold

and damp, with the result that many per-

ish, the long winter‘s confinement having

unfitted them to withstand such exposure.

A second reason why this is a critical

time is that the store of honey in most

hives is limited for spring brood rearing.

The hives are likely to be filled with





young bees, with little or no honey for.





them, although there will not be so many

young bees as would have been the case

had there been a good store of honey on

hand.



Many practical and experienced bee

men claim that 25 pounds of honey will

winter a colony of bees and feed the

young in the spring until fruit blossoms

appear. The years 1910 and 1911 have

been the best ones in my experience so

far as wintering bees well and getting

them started right in the spring are con-

cerned. The honey flow for 1910 was good

in this section and I secured 1.100 pounds

from 26 colonies, most of it white honey.

My fall crop would have been larger had

I followed in the wake of the- man who

killed the goose to get the golden egg.

But after the first of September 1 re—

mov'ed every super, so that all honey

gathered by the bees after that date was

stored in the lower chamber for fall brood

rearing and for winter use. I wintered

the bees in single-walled hives that wiin

ter, protected only by a few bundles of

cornstalks set up about them. From a

careful examination and a close estimate

I figured that every colony had at least

50 pounds of honey to winter on. The





winter was a fairly severe one and the '





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following spring my colonies were..in close

quarters for honey, having hardly enough

to carry them through brood rearing and

up to the beginning of the nectar flow.

I therefore felt obliged to feed, in order

that they might not suffer, until the

spring blossoms appeared.



The past winter has been even more

seVere and there are many bee owners

who will find themselves similarly situated

this spring, all of which brings up the

question of what is best to feed to col—

onies whose stores are running low. I

will describe the food I used, with the

explanation that it gave me good results

and I think is considered by apiarists

generally as both stimulating and nour-

ishing. Take a pound of granulated sug—

ar to a quart of water and heat to 130

degs. F. for about 20 minutes. Let stand

until cool and then fill the feeder. This

will give the queen the food she‘requires

for early laying and is an excellent food

for young bees, in fact a good substitute

for honey. I use wheat flour to take the

place of pollen with good results. There

is some difference of opinion as to the

proper method of feeding this. Mr. Don-

little, an eminent authority, advises mix-

ing it with the sugar. syrup, honey or

whatever you happen to be feeding. My

experience has taught me to sprinkle it

on top of the brood frames. The bees

will take care of it and save you the

trouble and labor of mixing it with the

feed.





Jackson Co. JESSE SMITH.





 





BOOK NOTICES.





Constructive Carpentry. By Charles A.

King, Director of Manual Training, East-

ern High School, Bay City, Mich. This

is the third volume in this series on

woodwork and carpentry, and is intended

12mo, 188 pages. Price. 70 cents. Amer-

ican Book Company, Chicago.



Willis’s Essentials of Health for Inter-

mediate Grades. By John Calvin Willis.

A.M., Ph.D., MI). Author of “Outlines

of Psychology,” “Elementary Physiolo-

gy," etc. This book is the first of a ser-

ies of textbooks on personal and public

hygiene based upon the study of the life

and health of the cell. Cloth,_ 12m0,.302

pages, with illustrations. Price. 40 cents.



Golden Treasury Third Reader. BY

Charles M. Stebbins, Boys’ High School,

Brooklyn. The material in this book rep-

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it is new, and all is full of action. Cloth.

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Single Comb Black Minorcas.

R. W. MILLS. Saline. Mich.

SIIAV1gR, GOLDEN AND WHITE WYANDOTTES.





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‘iHORTlCULTURE





AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAA





PRUNING THE BEARING APPLE

TREES.



“As the twig is bent so the tree in-

clineth.” This observation noted in the

Book of Books should be a principle

adopted by the pomologist. The priming

of newly set trees has much to do with

the work to be done after the tree has

come into bearing. If properly looked

after early there will be no large limbs

to remove from the young bearing apple

trees, but if mistakes have been made,

so that in the development of the main

scafforld limbs, they come too closely to-

gether and some of them must neces-

sarily be removed, then the work of get-

ting the young bearing apple tree in

shape is a diflicult one and needs a per-

son who understands the ends to be ac-

complished to prune it. Even then, the

tree cannot be made into what the prac-

tical man would call a perfect treee.



Our illustration shows an apple tree

that has been well handled. The branches

are well distributed, there is little likeli-

hood that the tree would break down, it

has a large bearing sur-





 





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





tree, rather than by the cutting out of

large limbs at the center. Occasionally,

however, the latter is the only means of

securing results, but the man who under—

stands orcharding is not prone to take

out much wood, unless it be deadwood.



While the policy or heading-in is gen-

erally followed in the case of young un-

bearing trees, the practice of thinning

out is pursued in handling old trees. The

thinning out should be done to permit

the sunshine to have freer access to the

center of the tree to encurage the leaves

growing there to perform their functions

properly and to give color and quality to

the fruit growing from the center spurs.



Among other things, pruning is a

scheme to concentrate growth in fewer

fruit buds.

COVER THE WOUNDS AFTER PRUN-



ING.



In pruning trees, whether fruit or or-

namental, the wounds are covered to pro-

tect the wood from decaying until nature

can grow over the cut a layer of living

tissue. White lead paint has been found

to be the» best material for this purpose,

although grafting wax, shellac, coal tar

and other protecting materials are often

used and do delay decomposition of the





 





 





face. and the sunshine

can enter to the center

of the tree, thus keeping

that portion in bearing

condition. In all it is a

tree that could be used

as a type to follow in

training the new hear.

ing orchard.



The first principle to

be complied with is to

Dl‘une often and lightly.

The apple tree may be

thrown out of balance

by heavy pruning. \Ve

mean by this that a cer—

tain accommodation has

been affected between

the roots and the top of

the tree. The roots

gather mineral matter

from tllc soil which is

elaborated into plant

food by the lcaves and

then distributed through

the tree for building

plant tissue. If the top

is severely cut back (as

is often done by the

man who neglects his

orchard for a few years

and then decides to

make up for his indol-

encc by pruning heav-

ily), the root system

takes up mort- mineral

substance than the

loans can handle. This results in a

heavy growth of wood and discourages

fruit production. 11‘, on the other hand.

a small amount of pruning is done a11-

nually the disturbance is so littlc that

it is scarcrly noticed by the tree. Per-

haps as many tI‘C‘t‘S are spoiled by over-

pruning as by neglcct.



This light, annual pruning should iirst

consist in removing all deadwood from

the tree. Deadwood is a burden and a

medium for the development of many

enemies to the live plant. It should,

therefore, be removed at the earliest pos-

sible timc. Annual pruningr will keep

the deadwood down to a. minimum.



The second aim should be to do away

with cross branching Branches oftcn in-

tert’ero with each other. in removing one

or other of the limbs that are so locat-

ed the carcful pruner studies the situa-

tion for the purpose of taking away as

little wood as possiblc. Many times the

end attained by taking out a large limb

could be gained by the removal of a small

one. No set rule can be laid down for

the pruning of a tree. Each plant is a

problem in itself, consequently the prun-

er should observe what the results of the

removal of chry branch that he consid-

ers taking off would be. It is so in the

removal of cross branches.



ilaving done these two duties, the man

is given an opportunity to show his art

by shaping the tree as closely after his

ideal as possible. Today we want low

headed trees, and if this is an element

in the ideal of the pruner, he seeks to

bring the top of the tree nearer to the

ground if it is too high. The removal of

high branches that shade the lower ones

gives the latter a better chance to live

and develop.



He also looks to the bearing surface of

the tree to so distribute it as to catch

the sunshine and the air. These ends

are gained by the removal of small

branches around the circumference of the





 





 





 





A Well “Handled" Young Apple Tree.





exposed wood but not to the extent that

white lead does. All wounds over one

and one—half inches across are treated

with the paint. Smaller cuts, made close

to the parent limb, will ordinarily heal

over before rots can effect any damage;

however, if the job is a particular one

1hr latter may be covered as we‘ll. The

paint is made thick and put on with a

brush. It is. worked into the wood and

should it flake off before the wound is

grown over other coats are applied.





ON PRUNING BUSH FRUITS.



In the neighborhood of towns where

sparrows are not infrequently more nu-

mcrous and destructive than in the coun~

try, the pruning of goose-berry and cur-

rant bushes is left till as late in the sea-

son as possible. The idea in doing so is

that by that time of the year these feath—

cred pests will have ceased destroying the

buds on the shoots of the fruit bushes,

and, therefore, by late pruning one is

enabled to retain the young wood on

which it is noticed that the buds remain

intact. Generally, there is not a great

deal in this argument, for when once

sparrows start eating the buds of fruit

trees they do not give it up till every bud

is destroyed. The better thing to do is to

prune early, and then dress the bushes

with some concoction which will make

the buds obnoxious to any bird that may

attempt to attack them.



As bush fruits come very early into

bloom, it will be. as well to have all

pruning completed now as quickly as pos-

sible where for any reason it has been

delayed. The old and young growths of

gooseberry bushes should be thinned out

where they are placed too closely togeth-

er. Young growths spring from the sides

of older branches can be spurred in if

there is any room for them, as good fruit

can be obtained in this way. Red and

white currant bushes should have these





MARCH 23, .1512.





150 successful farmers now

hear testimony to the

unexcelled soil, climate, water





supply, health, educational and

social advantages offered by the





Pecos Valley





New Mexico=Texas.





There is room for other thousands on

the land where water has been de-

veloped. Take advantage of this

opportunity.





Go down at once and buy before the normal increase in

population sends the price of land up.





Get this profit for yourself.





The soil and climate are all that can be desired, water for

irrigation is assured and abundant, the home market, 5. e.,

New Mexico and Texas, takes all the crops produced at

good prices. The schools are unexcellcd anywhere, while

clubs, churches, etc., are there for your enjoyment.





Wouldn’t such a prospect please you?

I believe that it would._ "





You and your family will be richer, healthier and happier.

You will have friends, an assured income, a bank account

and a chanceto make a place in the world for the young

folks.





Let. me send you our new book-folder.





t‘. L. Seagraves, Gen. Colonization Agent,

2293 Railway Exchange, Chicago.





 





Used with bucket, knapsack or barrel





Here 1511 pump that will spray your tallest fruit trees from

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Win-ranted 5 Years

Price $4. Expressnde prepaid ‘





The only practical low priced spray-

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Jend no money now but

write today for J‘pecial

Offer and Catalog.



The Standard Stamplnd Co

653 Main St., Marysville. 0.





 





 





S P R AY

The IRON AG

Traction





If you grow field crops in rows. you need this traction. spra or. We claim

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, Traction Sprayers

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Seethis sprayeron yourdealer slloor. Wnteusat once

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inlormation. We make a complete line of potato 111a-

chinery. garden wheel hoes and dril 1:, etc.





Barnum u-r'o co , Box 1149 Grenloch, N. J.





 

 

 





 

 

 

   





 





 

   





 





 





had the most rigid ins on. Also all other leading standard varictieo at FA

DEN SEED CA





ILLUSTRATED ARM AND GAR





BEE SUPPLIES AND BERRY BASKETS





Bee hives. Sections Foundation, Smokers etc. Sand for 64- page

catalog of bee supplies, BERRY BASKETS and CRAT E.S

Send for special Berry Basket catalog





M. H. HUNT I: SON. 400 00nd" 81.. LANSING, MIC".





 

 

 

 





 





SEED Bfllllllllfi Bll. AGRE





DIAMOND JOE'S BIG WHITE—A strictly new variety. None like it. It in the Ital-lieu and Boat Bil White

Corn in the World—Because it was bred f0? “108! Big Bushels. not fancy show points; became grown from pure inherited

tOCk; every “31k bearinz one 01‘ more (God can. because scientifically handled. (hm-oozingR driedR "Cd 1'01“:er TiedBIEg





TRALOG mailed FREE? A an! card will

”in! W m- W'imflimdu- Addrou. RATEKIN's min amiss. Shenandoah. om. 30:32





 





 





 





m-.-





i
W-.-





.l





 





 





   





 





MA CH 23, 1912.



growths spurred in, as suggested in the

last case, and the leading shoots headed

back to nine~_lnches or a foot. Black cur--

rant bushes'should have all the old and

weakly growths removed, so as to give

the younger and stronger wood a chance

of developing vigorously and ripening

their fruit successfullyg





Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





 





ON METHODS OF ORCHARD MAN-

AGEMENT.





The question of sod and tillage in the

handling of orchard soils is old and

threadbare. Orchards may be cited to

prove either case.- Even some of the best

scientists fail to agree on this question.

It is like expert testimony in a murder

case. I shall repeat no old arguments. It

is a matter of conditions. The fact that

an orchard does well in sod is not con-

clusive evidence that it might not do bet-

ter under a system of tillage. Many con-

demn tillage-beCause Ithey have never

given it a trial. They begin it too late in

the life of the trees which have already

established shallow root systems. Tillage

seems to overcome “off years;" that is,

orchards that receive tillage bear more

frequent and uniform crops of fruit. A

sod orchard has a tendency to produce

higher colored fruit and the wood goes

through the winter in better condition

than when tillage is continued too late in

the season. The most successful growers

are practicing a system of tillage and

cover crops in their orchards. it gives

them an opportunity to develop plant food

by cultivation during the early part of

the season and to seed the orchard with

a cover crop about the first Week in July.

The advantages of following such a sys-

tem are manifold; the cover crop checks

the growth of wood and causes it to hard-

cn before winter; it affords a blanket for

the fruit to fall onto and eliminates the

mud in the orchard when .ne crop is har-

vested. In some instances when the trees

are making a too rapid growth it is ad-

vantageous to seed the orchard with a

grass crop for two or three years to check

the growth of the trees and start the

trees to bearing crops of fruit. This is

only necessary when the soil is very rich

or when there has been too much nitro—

gen applied either by fertilizing or grow-

ing nitnogen gathering crops too fre-

Quently.



The. effects of cover crops and tillage

are similar in a number of respects, but

'71 UL. adds nothing to the actual supply

of plant food in the soil, though it influ—

ences its fertility so that more of the

plant food is made available. A well man-

aged system of cover crops will accom-

plish all that intense tillage possibly can

and at the same time increase the supply

of available plant food for the trees.



Apple trees are frequently injured by

the roots freezing during the winter. In

this latitude it is one of the most import-

ant reasons for keeping the soil covered

during the winter. The influence of the

(ova crop in protecting the roots is im-

pcrtant.



On soil that is rolling or on hillsides it

will be found almost impossible to main-

tain any degree of fertility in the orchard

without the use of grass and cover crops.

it will not only prevent the soil washing

away but will also hold the fertilizers

from washing and leaching and prevent

the leaves from blowing away.



The saving of plant food is an import-

ant function of the cover crop. \\'hen the

cold weather arrests the growth of trees

there is a certain amount of plant food

available that may be wasted on account

of the trees not being able to utilize it a

that time. This is saved by the cover

crop and held until such a time as it is

desired to have it give up its decaying re-

mains to nourish the trees.



In many orchards a cover crop is used

the year the orchard is due to produce

a large crop of apples, so as to form a

bed for the apples to fall upon and keep

them clean and free from mud. The next

year a system of tillage and fertilizing is

practiced until quite late and the orchard

seeded with a winter cover crop and seed-

ed with grass or plowed early the next

spring and sowed with a cover crop that

is left on the ground until the next spring.

Such systems have proven very satisfac—

tory among the largest commercial grow-

ers and are sensible as well as practical.

- A‘ll systems of orchard management

must be varied to meet the demands of

the trees, the amount of plant food in the

soil and the seasons if they prove profit-

able and efficient. Here is the one place

Where the intelligence of the orchardist

must decide-on the method best suited to

the needs of his particular orchard. Ac-

tual experience and a close study of con-





 





 





" THE ememckn FARMER.





ditlons can best determine which method

is the best to practice.

New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





CATCHING INSECTS.





 





I have for the last two years caught a

great many bugs and beetles by having

a tub with one. inch of water in it placed

under my kitchen window, which at

night has in it a couple of bright lights.

The bugs come in hundreds, fly against

the window and drop into the tub of

water.



I rigged up another lantern in a similar

way in another place and got good re-

sults. I intend to have several placed in

my small orchard this year and think I

will get a very large per cent of what

comes. The bugs make good food for

poultry. J. I. COOK.





NOTES ON INSECTS.





 





Most weak peach trees are generally

injured by the shot hole borers, which

wait around for such trees. Old weak

diseased trees should be removed, es-

pecially dead trees and dead wood from

live tree's. All dead wood should be

burned. \Vhen the. trees are dormant ap-

ply lime—sulphur wash to kill borers on all

trees that are worth saving.



We have two cherry pests—maggot and

curculio. There is no spray that will con-

trol the maggot, but cul‘culio can be con-

trolled with arsenate of lead, two pounds

to 50 gallons of water. Apply when llusks

are falling. The sulphur in lime-sulphur

wash, not the arsenate of lead, is what

kills blister mite.



There is no simple test by which we

can test the strength and purity of lime—

sulphur wash.



The plant tarnish bug injured peaches

last year. It stings them as curculio

stings plums. “'e know of no remedy

but to destroy breeding places, as brush.

etc., near the orchard. A lesser tarnish

bug is the cause of knotty pears. No

remedy is known except to destroy breed-

ing places as above. \Ve have learned to

successfully control the old pest, pear

p'sylla, because acquainted with the insect

in its different stages of development. To

destroy the eggs, use lime—sulphur wash.

thoroughly applied before the. trees leaf‘

out. If any eggs escape, spray with kem'l





sene emulsion after blossoms fall.——VV.,:





.II, J.





 





 





RAMBLING REMARKS.





 





\Yhen planting beets for early use it is

wise to use the turnip or round varic-

ties, as they become of usable size much

quicker than the long blood beets. l'sc

the latter for winter storage. They re-

quire a longer period for growth than do

the first mentioned kinds.



XVhere anthraenose has attacked tho

beans it is policy for the gardener to re-

move the bean patch to some other soil

as the disease lives in the soil and is

transmitted to the plants the succeeding

year, a condition that can be avoided by

the rotation of crops.



To be of the best quality, radishcs

should be grown rapidly. \‘l'here they de-

velop slowly the roots become tough and

have a strong undesirable flavor. Have

the soil well supplied with the elements

of plant growth to meet this condition.

The best results are secured by adding a

liberal application of available plant food

to a light soil and drilling the seeds

thickly in rows 12 to 18 inches apart,

thinning as needed.



Farmers often use the garden plot for

storing roots and potatoes in pits. in

digging the soil for this purpose subsoil

is frequently brought to the top of the

ground, and in the seasons following be-





‘comes a nuisance in the preparation of





the land for the garden seeds and in the

handling of up soil in the after cultiva-

tions. Especially is this an unhappy con-

dition when the land is of a clayey nature

and has a tendency to become lumpy.

Another condition resulting froln this

practice of pitting vegetables in the gar-

den is the spreading of the strawy ma-

nure used on the pits over the ground

and plowing it under. To keep the pro-

ducts well dry straw is used and during

the winter this has had little chance to

decay, so that its application to the

garden in the spring gives the soil a lot

of loose litter that will not supply plant

food for some time, allow the ground to

be put in condition for receiving garden

seeds, nor permit that painstaking culti-

vation needed. ‘

Pyrox fills the barrel with the apples

that used to go on top. Vi'rite Bowker

Insecticide 00., Boston, for book.





 





Quality and dependability.





One packet Pondcron Tomato

One pocket Big Boston Lettuce

One pocket Soul-at Globe Radish





ing for.





Don't delay.

it will be to you.





   

   

 

   





13 Reilly Road, -





__’_....__——





 





   

   

   

 

 





accurately. WRITE TODA Y.





Packed in n Coupon Envelope,





when ‘ ‘Peter Henderson Seeds” began to establish a reputation for high

" on Silver, “181:" on Gold and





‘ Henderson" on Seeds are the marks which stand for Best.





START RIGHT. The success of your garden depends on the reputation behind the

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nelson to stat: all over with good Soodo. Stu-t right. and prevent disappointment.





What We Want to Send You





- 9

One copy “Everything for the Garden,

illustrated with over 800 photo-engravings and 5

most complete catalogue you can imagine. l‘ull o





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one COPY “6”an Guide “a Record, " one. whether planting for pleasure or profit.

Tells inst "How and Why." Planting schedules, cultural directions, Tricks of the Trade." and

even cooking recipes which will be appreciated by every housekeeper.





which will be accepted on 25 cents in

cash toward poyment on your next order amounting to $1.00 or over.





7 All we ask is—tell us where you saw this advertisement and enclose

10 cents in stamps to only help pay cost of sending all the above to you.

fl ~ » ' 35 a. 37

CDRTLANDT ' ST.

PETER H E N n ERSON . 8. Co. E51184?





LOOK





Here is the book you‘have been look-

- It’s free for the asking. A

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It tells you Where to plant—how to plant and What to plant.

It also contains a true description of all varieties of Fruit and

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where to buy .at cost from a firm that guarantee their stock.

You cannot make a mistake if you have this book to guide you.

\Ve are sending this book Free to all readers of The Michi-

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Simply write your name on a post card and mail to us today.

Send for this book now and see what a great help





REILLY BROS. NURSERIES





DON'T PLANTALFALFA.





UNTIL YOU HAVE READ OUR SPE

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The only machine made for this special work!



AN EXCELLENT MACHINE FOR Dltll.l.l.\'(l (‘LOVER IN WHEAT.

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9 a real dictionary of all things pertaining to It.





i practical hints and instructions.





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 

 





Weight one pound.204 pages, magnificently

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a book which should be in the hands of every-





One packet Invincible Aster:

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Write for full information and





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For Sale: Rebuilt Machinery





22 H. Pitts hauling engine; 20 H. Reeves traction:

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& Shepard: 16 H. Gaar-Bcott: 13 H. Rumely; 12 H.

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national: '8. H. Bates a. Edmondszfglx'tfi Russo i so -

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TllE aAllTlllc‘nAcllllla COMPANY, Toledo, Ohio.

SPRAY PUMPS “533% radical





our catalogue. THEO BURT tka‘gONS. Melrooe. 0.





 





 





 





A FewGood

Positions Open





We have a few positions open for

men who will drive through the coun-





try. We will pay a regular weekly





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lnstructlve, it will teach you a busi-

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Box F, Michigan Former, Detroit, Millc.
366





‘EET‘HTEHEE’BETCES FOR

FRUIT-SPRAY YOUR TREES





Spraying decides whether your

fruit will grade “fancy” or go in

with the “culls.” Spray, and you

destroy swarms of moth, broods

of scale, and no end of fungus—-





but spray right, using a

SPRAY





Deming PUMP





and get the service that you pay

for. Deming outfits wear well,

work easily, and pay big

' dividends in better _fruit._

They last for years With

few repairs, or none.

Commence spraying now—

plant new orchards, but take

care of the old one,too. Con-

sult your dealer,or write us.





.\ THE DEMING COMPANY





" . _. 55 Success Bldg., Salem. Ohio

‘® Manufacturers ofPumps fan“!





(22)





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





Uses. Agencies Everywhere





2 . \\





 





 





The largest, best keeping, handsomest Onions are

produced lroin Northern Grown Seeds. Baker’s

Seeds are grown in the extreme North, are

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yield are unsurpassed. Catalog tells.

8 MARKET SOBTS, 120.

The following are the three most opular

sorts: One lar e package each hlte ,/

Portugal allow Globe Danvcrs \.

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3???“





 

 

 

 

 

 





F01! 160.

10,000 kernels of splendid Lettuce, Radish,

Tomato, Cabbage, Turnip, Onion, Celery,

Parsley, Carrot, Melon and Flower Seeds

producing bushels ofvegetables and flowers

for 160 postpaid. Our great. Plant and

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THE E. c. snow" COMPANY



82 Jay SL,Bochestei-, N. Y.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





“Improved Sunshine” Sprayer





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Only AgItutor Made Huvlng Four Paddle-





All others have but two. Makes the

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produces a. constant uniform spray.

Send for descriptive circular.





' CRESTLINE MFG. COMPANY

DEPT. 15 Cassruuz. OHIO





GROUND IIMESTONE





Finely Prepared for Agricultural Use.





A necessity for Alfalfa. Increases the yield of all

leguniinous crops. Our prices are right.





Northern Spraying Lime





A pure high calcium lime for lime-sulpuhr solution

and bordeaux mixture. Insist upon your dealer

supplying this brand for your spraying mixture.





NORTHERN LIME 00.,

GRAND RAPIDS, - MICHIGAN.





Nature’s Last Call t

You Has Come





Unless you supply the needed Phos-

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you cannot expect a fair yield.

Send us your order at once for

the finest ground phosphate on the

market.

95% through 100 mesh.

80% through 200 mesh.

FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.,

Ground Rock Dep’t., Columbia, Tenn.





HYDRAULIG

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- Also Gasoline





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





CIDER





Proved capac-





 





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Write for ' l , ers. Saw

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.. RAWBERIIY PLANTS

.-. Any quantity - 120 acres, 103 vari-

\ eties. Also fullline otherle fruit

plants and shrubbe . Lowest

prices for quality stoc . true to

name. Write tods. Erlfiq‘REE cats.-





10 . ‘ W. F. A 11..

Market Street, Salisbury,Md.





 

   

   

   

   

   





67‘





   





 





— . di h Select. Sensation and Bi

“ATS Egan Sszvi‘iimdes free. Also Seed Corn. Ben





{01' catalogue. Theo. Burt& Sons, Melrose, Ohio.





THE MICHIGAN "FARMER.





success IN CELE/RY CULTURE.





 





There is no crop that we grow in our

garden that pays us better than celery.

-It is grown as a. second crop following

early cabbage or early potatoes. Our

early cabbage plants are grown in the

the fall, the seed being SOer in a. well

prepared seed bed about the middle of

September. These are transplanted to a.

coldframe about a month later. These

wintered plants are quite hardy and may

be set in the open garden just as soon as

the ground can be put in order in the





spring. They are usually off by the fif-

teenth of July, when the celery plants

are set. When early potatoes occupy the





ground instead of cabbage, they are dug

before they mature but the price is usu-

ally high enough to compensate the loss

of quantity.



The greatest difficulty about celery

growing is to obtain good plants. The





 





seed is quite small and slow to germinate.

The seed bed requires strict care in the

making as well as careful attention af-

terwards. We start operations as soon

as the ground is in good working order

which, with us, is rather early for this

section as our soil is a sandy loam. Well

rotted manure is spaded in and a layer of

leaf mold, from the woods, is spread on

top and Well raked in. This gives us a

fine sccd bed. The seed is sown in rows

about four inchcs apart, and lightly cov-

ered by sprinkling with leaf mold. One

of the great essentials is moisture, and

the bed must never be allowed to become

dry. As soon as the seeds are sown we

spread a cloth on the bed, any old muslin

or other light cloth will do. This pre-

vents disturbing the fine soil, in water—

ing, as the cloth receives the force of the

falling water and it passes gently into

the soil. liut the main object of the cloth

is to conserve moisture as it prevents a.

too rapid evaporation from the soil. The

bcd should be kept well watered by use

of a fine rose watering pot. “'e some—

times water every day, usually in the

evening, depending upon the humidity in

thc air.



As soon as the plants are up the cloth

must be removed. This will be: in two

weeks if the preparation has been good.

To give the plants a good start we usu-

Ially sprinkle a little nitrate of soda be-

t

l





 





 





 





tween the rows and cultivate it in, being

Icareful to put it on lightly and do not

IllllllVV the soda to touch the plants or they

. will be injured.



'\\'c shear the tops when they are three



inches high, cutting away about one—

. third. ’l‘hismukes them stocky. We aim

‘to have them ready by the 15th of July

to transplant. They are set in rows

about time» feet apart and six inches be-

tween the plants. \Ve never trench.

Trenching requires considerable labor and

the plants are set down too deep, placing

the roots in the cold subsoil, and below

the fertile soil and in case of heavy rains

following the setting, the trenches are

often flooded and the plants either wash-

ed out or covered with soil. It is gener-

ally conccdcd that an alluvial or muck

soil is best for celci'y. \Vhile this is

true such a soil is not indispensable. Any

good garden soil can be made to produce

‘good ('I'lel‘y if well supplied with organic

matter. Moisture is the great essential

and humus is the element retentive of

moisture in all soils. \thre this is sup-

plied, and the surface kept well cultivated

Isucccss may be obtained in a soil not

‘ naturally well adapted to celery.



“’0 grow the \Vhite Plume and Golden

self-blanching as these are standard kinds

and both do wcll.



Last season from a patch of not more

than the tenth of an acre we sold a little

over $50 worth and most of this was Sold

at wholcsale. “'9 also sold plants to our

neighbors to the value of $8, after setting

out our own, and all from a bed of not

more than five fect square. Counting the

first crop of cabbage or early potatoes,

which pay a. good profit, and the celery

as a second crop, it will be seen that

there is a. good margin of profit to the

gardener.



New York. ‘





’-





THE HOME GARDEN.





 





B. F. MACK.





 





 





Make the garden long and narrow,

rather than square. Harrow thoroughly

and manure plentifully. Set strawberry

plants in rows the long way of the plot.

Get 100 plants each of early, medium and

late so that the strawberry season may

last as long as possible. Make the rows

the right distance to allow the horse and

cultivator between them. Let the rows

mat with runners but cultivate often

enough to keep weeds and runners out

from between the rows.





 





Set red and black raspberires, black-

berries, currants and gooseberries also in

rows ten feet apart and six'teet apart in

the row. Plant garden vegetables, early

potatoes and beans between these rows

of bushes and also between the plants.

Cultivate all with the horse. There will

need to be‘ but little hoeing by hand but

the growth of vegetables should be dense

enough to keep down weeds. The straw-

berries will bear the next year from set-

ting and the second year. The quickest

and cheapest way to renew them is to let

the runners set between the rows the

second summer from bearing and after

bearing season is over cultivate out the

old growth. If well fertilized this may be

repeated several times but the best way

is to set a new bed every second year

or a small bed every year. This will give

three beds in bearing each year after

they become established, the new bed just

beginning, the one in its prime and the

old bed. I prefer fruit from an old bed

for canning as it is usually smaller and

firmer, more like the wild strawberry. The

other fruits will yield well for several

years without re-setting if trimmed and

fertilized.



Grapes may be planted in out of the

way places with a southern exposure and

allowed to riot of an old fence, 8. dead

tree or an outbuilding. Cut back smartly

when it shows signs of ceasing to bear.



Everyone likes fruit. It is healthful and

adds much to the satisfaction of the ta-

ble. Those pith time and the inclination

may raise it as scientifically as they

please. I like to see it growing that way

but the ones I am directing thesc words

to are those who have no inclination to

spend their time and labor. In the way

I have described the vegetables pay for

this and the fruit is within the reach

of all. H. L. HUNT.





SEEDS TO START IN MARCH.





 





Sonic of the seeds to be started this

month, citlicr in the hotbcd or kitchen

window, ill‘Oi cabbage, cauliflower. celery,

tomato, spinach, onion (for plants to set

in the open later), peppers, boots and

egg-plant. Peas may be sown late in the

month if the ground is in condition to

work. chp the plants growing steadily

and give them plenty of sunlight. Do not

over-water and, on the other hand, keep

the soil from drying out.





 





 





5——





THE GARDENER NEEDS TOOLS.





 





It is trite among us to say that labor

is cxpcnsive in America. Nevertheless,

it is true, and as a result of this fact the

American farmer and gardener have

come to use tools of many dcscriptions in

order that they may accomplish their

work with less expense. The European

is astonished at the great variety of tools

and implements employed by our garden—

ers, but the large scale on which men do

business here demands them. Still, the

matter is not overdone and We need to

encourage not only the professional gard-

ener, but the farmer who merely has a

garden for supplying his family to equip

himself with labor—saving tools. The gar—

dens will be better, and the work will be

lessened



There are tools for practically every

task to be performed in the garden. \Vhile

it may not be expedient for the man with

a. home garden to have tools for doing

cvcry little piece of work, yet it is certain

that the average man could use more

than he has to advantage. In traveling

over the slate and country outside of

truck gardening districts, one will prob-

ably not find one farmer in ten who has

a wheel hoe, a hand—drill and a dibber.

Yet these tools will pay for themselves in

the course of a single year in the ordi—

nary garden. “Veeders are inexpensive

and aid materially in taking weeds from

among small plants and also in thinning

out the rows where plants are too thick.

Hoes are made in many different styles.

Many hoeing jobs would be far easicr if

the hoe was fitted to the task instead of

employing the old wide hoe for every job

to be done. In all, the farmer can well

look to equipping himself for taking care

of the garden, and thereby secure from

that plot of ground large net returns and

more satisfaction.





 





In spraying for bitter rot the early lime-

sulphur applications for scab may be fol—

lowed at the proper time with Bordeaux

thus avoiding the russet and yet controll-

ing the rot. Arsenate of lead may be

safely and successfully used in combina-

tion with the dilute lime—sulphur solution

for the control of the codlin moth and

other insects.





 





 





 





 





MARCH 23, 1912.





HEN EVER you



use Paris Green

for potato bugs or other

insect pests, you’ll get

better results if it is

Dcvoe 8cRaynolds Paris

IGrccn.



“Dcvoe” is a safe guide

in buying Paris Green, Ar-

senate of Lead, Lime and

Sulphur Solution; means

good results, your money’s

worth.





Better get Dcvoc and be





sure. If your dealer won’t





supply you, we will.





Devoc 8c Raynolds Co

Chicago





New York Kansas City Denver





Largest makers of pure paints in

the world





DIRECT TO THE PLANTER

Fruit Trees 1 5;: '~ 3 ‘.





and everything else grown » '

in a nursery; the best. 1

quality. Send us your list ' ,

of wants and we will name I: 4

our lowest prices. Every

tree true to name. con-

dition and;quality guar-

anteed- _

Write us today.while we

still have a large assort-

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The Mlchlgan llursery lnc.

Wlnkworth &. Sons,

Monroe. Michigan.

We have been estab-

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OUBLE THE YIELD of your potatoes by planting

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recleaned seed at 90 cents: sacks 10 cents extra undef-

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pods from one stalk. E. YOUNG, Farmington, Mich.
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. MARCH 23.1912. ‘





7‘“

Our -Motto—“The farmer is of more





consequence than the farm,— and should be

first improved.”





THE. GOOD NEIGHBOR.



Although this may be an unusual sub-

ject, the good neighbor himself is not an

unusual object in any locality. Some—

times, as we go alongthe road, the most

useful and beautiful things growing on

either side are unnoticed. Because they

are so common we do not even see them.

So with our good neighbors. Perhaps we

have not even known them. We all have

them and if we have not discovered some

in our own community we are missing

some profit as well as pleasure. Most of

the good neighbors are members of the

Grange, and those who are not should be

brought in as soon as possible. Indeed

the Grange might well be called the “So-

ciety of Good Neighbors.”



Among the many qualities by which a

good neighbor is to be recognized are

honesty, generosity, good nature, justice

as well as ~mercy, and above all, a spirit

of good-fellowship and comradeship with

all whom he meets. Possibly he may not

have all these qualities, or he may have

others not here given. However, the first

and the last are essential—honesty and

the spirit of good-fellowship and com-

radeship.



Perhaps you have long believed your

good neighbor to be the opposite. for, like

the little flower hidden under a tangle of

weeds and briers, his good. neighborly

qualities are so covered and overgrown

by lack of opportunity, ill health or mis-

fortune that we are unable to see the

real neighbor until we search most care—

fully.



To have good neighbors and to keep

them depends much upon our own treat-

ment of them. If we observe the golden

rule and the command, “Love thy neigh-

bor as thyself,” in dealing with all mcrl

we shah soon find that we have no lack

of good neighbors. If we: endeavor to

possess the same qualities that we expect

a good neighbor to possess it will be sur-

prising how soon we may discover a good

neighbor where before was only a person,

almost‘a stranger, in our community.



As an example of the good neighbor,

let me say that he is one who is always

as ready to do a favor as to ask one. He

is ready and eager to share anything of

cheer or brightness or helpfulness he has

learned with as many as he can meet.

His good deeds and help and cheer are

sometimes known only to a few, as he

cares little' for the praise and admiration

of the multitude. If his neighbor is in

need of aid or comfort, he does not hesi-

tate to leave his own work or pleasure to

be of assistance.



Again, I would say a little in regard

to the value of this good neighbor of ours.

His value is three-fold and his influence

very far-reaching and wide~stretching.

He possesses a value to each individual

member of his community. He is also of

value to the community in general but,

his greatest value is to himself, though

this last is usually unknown and unrec-

ognized by him. The words and deeds

and thoughts of one man often

and uplift an entire community. and dur-

ing the process he himself is inspired and

helped to a more progressive and useful

life. So we. as good patrons, may help in

finding. making, keeping, and being—good

neighbors. A PATRON.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





A Lincoln-Washington Pregram was

nicely carried out by the young people of

Odessa Grange at one of the February

meetings. It included charades illustrat—

ing the names of Lincoln, \Vashington

and Longfellow. with appropriate songs

recitations, etc. followed by a roll call

which was responded to with quotations

from Longfellow. The question. Resolved,

That city life 'is preferable to country

life. was also debated, the negative side

winning.



Amusement and Entertainment were

the sole objects of a program carried out

by the members of Morenci Grange at a.

recent meeting. The first feature was a

flag drill by soldiers dressed in uniform

who marched into the hall to wartime

music rendered by an orchestra. The

central figure was a veteran, who carried

a large fiag, while the others waved

smaller flags and sang “The Battle Cry

of Freedom.” A recitation followed by

a sister dressed as an old maid in char-

acter with the selection. Then came a.

comedy sketch in which a clown and sev-

eral others appeared in make-up.



Grand Traverse Granges, in their pro-

gram work, are giving special attention

to,two branches of farming which seem

particularly well suited to that section—

dairying and poultry raising. At a farm—

ers‘ institute recently conducted by Pe-





 





 

 





change-





. 4i.





ninsula Grange at Old Mission attention

was given to dalryingpand Grand Tra-

verse Grange at its last meeting devoted

its entire program time to this important

subject. Now attention is to be centered

upon the poultry industry and Grand Tra—





‘verse patrons at their next meeting will





consider what can be accomplished in this

region with chickens. _



Contest Enllvens Interest.—Coopersville

Grange at its last meeting had the best

attendance it has seen this year—86 local

members and 30 visitors. The attendance

contest now in progress is bringing in

members at an encouraging rate and 15

candidates Were put through the third

and fourth degrees at this meeting, the

new degree staff doing the work. Two

more applications for membership were

received. The new traveling library was

opened and found satisfactory. The con-

tesr is getting exciting as at present the

score stands a tie, each side having 152

points. The aggregate attendance for the

last five consecutive meetings has been

304 which is regarded as unusually good

considering the severity of the winter.

This Grange has set its mark at a mem-

bership of 100 and hopes to reach it in

the near future.



Gratiot Pomona held its first meeting

of 1912 at Ithaca in February. Reports





from the subordinates were very encour-‘





aging and the Grange seems in excellent

condition throughout the county. A class

of ten patrons received the Pomona de-

gree at this meeting. The features of

the program were discussions of several

interesting topics. The first of these,

“What opportunities does country life of-

fer to ambitious young people?” was pre-

sented by C. A. Vandeventer and dis-

cussed by various members. All agreed

that the opportunities for wealth, health.

good moral character and intellectual de—

velopment were as good on the farm as

elsewhere. In speaking to the subject

“An Ideal Rural Neighbor,” M. C. Lake

expressed the opinion that the Grange and

the telephone have been the means of

materially enlarging the circle of neigh-

bors and promoting social and business

intercourse, notwithstanding the fact that

they have greatly reduced visiting and

neighboring as in years past. “Problems

for the farmer to solve" was the topic

which J. C. Ketcham, member of the





State Grange executive committee, dis-

cussed in an able way, dealing largely

with educational matters but strongly





urging intelligent effort in the direction

of improving the farmer’s market condi-

tions and of securing government assist-

ance in solving the perplexing good roads

problem.





COMING EV_E—NTS.





 





.. Pomona Meetings.

Newaygo Co., with Ensley Grange,

Wednesday and Thursday, March 27-28.

Ottawa Co. Grange, teachers and paw

trons meeting at Nunica, Friday and Sat-

urday, March 29-30. Lecturers’ confer-

ence in charge of State Lecturer.





E llRMERSj culls .





W

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





 





President—J. D. Leland, Corunna.





Vice-l’resident—D. Morrison, St.

Johns.



Secretary-Treasurer-—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora. ‘



Directors—C. L. Wright, Caro; E. W.

\Voodruff. Blanchard; C. P. Johnson,

Metamora; H. W. Chamberlain, White

Lake; le. T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry





Spaulding, Belding.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich. '





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.



Will Organize Corn Club.—The Febru-

ary meeting of the Ingham County Farm-

ers’ Club was held with Mr. and Mrs.

Herman \Villett, and though it was one

of the coldest days of the winter, there

was a good attendance. Prof. Shoesmith,

of the M. A. C., discussed the question of

corn clubs. advocating the formation of

one among the boys, that uniform seed

be furnished and in the. fall a contest, or

a show, and prizes awarded. A commit-

tee was appointed to work the matter up,

there are some 10 districts represented

in the membership of the Club. Various

agricultural dealers have offered suitable

implements for prizes. Mrs. Haskell had

a good paper upon “The First \Vomen’s





 





Congress,” with a select reading and reci-

tations by the little folks made a good

program.





Hold Temperance Meeting.—~The March

meeting was held at the court house in

Mason and was a. temperance meeting

and well attended. PIX-Mayor Glascow,

of Jackson, and Eli-Prosecuting Attorney

Foster, of Lansing. were the speakers,

and it is to be hoped Ingham county will

remain dry.~—MI‘S. Tanswell, Cor. Sec.



Have Oyster Dinner.v—’l‘he Troy Farm—

ers’ Club met at the home of Mr. and

Mrs. Otis C. Hogdon, on March 2. A

bountiful oyster and chicken—pie 'dinner

was served to about 45 members and

friends. President John J. Snook called

the meeting to order by announcing the

Club would sing America. The members

responded to roll call by telling of differ-

ent ways the home and school could be

made more attractive this spring. Mr.

and Mrs. Albert Bond entertained by a

humorous reading and a song. Mr. H. L.

\Vood answered the question. “Has the

church any place in politics?” by saying

the church missed what it stood for if it

did not take a decided part in all civic





matters. Rev. F. 1. Walker opened for

discussion. “Should church property be

taxed?" Mr. Walker said we should not





tax people's generosity and should the

time ever come when church property





‘ THE _- MIéi—IIGAN FARMER.





:vas taxed it would mean a great calamity

0 all.



The College Education.—Resolved, that



the farmer needs a college education as

much as the business man. Mr.

Miller said that the farmer did not need

a college education, and others discussed

the subject from this standpoint, while

Mrs. Jessie Maitrott said that a success-

ful farmer was a good business man and

he needed a college education as much

as any other business man. It was con-

ceded that a man could be successful in

farming or business and not have a col-

lege education, but a college education

was to be sought whenever practical. The

question box was in charge of Miss John-

son. The Club-adjourned to meet with

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Herbeson, April 6.



Discuss Noted PeOpIe.—Nearly 60 mem-

bers and friends of the Odessa Farmers’

Club met at the home- of Mr. and Mrs.

H. E. Curtis, Saturday, March 9. The

severe weather made it hard for farmers

to assemble at the appointed hour, so

dinner was the first number on the pro-

gram. After several

Mrs. P. J. Fellows opened the discussion





literary selections .





 





of the question as to which had done the





most for humanity, Miss Francis Willard

or Andrew Carnegie. After much discus-

sion Miss “lillard was somewhat ahead.

The roll call, “Do I favor state-wide pro-

hibition, if so. why?” met with fine- re-

sponse, all answering in the afiirmative

and giving their reason. Some new song

books were ordered sent for and the

music is expected to play an important

part in future. P. A. VVachs was voted a

life member without payment of dues.—

Lottie M. Durkee, Cor. Sec.



Question Box Leads.——The Western

W'ashtenaw Farmers’ Club met at the

home of Dr. and Mrs. G. W. Palmer in

March, bllt owing to a combination of

circumstances the attendance was not as

large as usual. After dinner President

0. C. Burkhart called the gathering to

order and roll was called; answered

with quotations. The question box, which

was placed in the hands of H. D. VVith-

ereII, proved a very interesting part of

the program, and among the questions

presented and the discussion in which

many took a part was the one relative to

Taft and Roosevelt as the next republican

nominee for president. Roosevelt was a

winner by a large majority. It was an—

nounccd that the next meeting would be

held with Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Shutes.



Discuss Good ROads Question.—~The

March meeting of the Columbia Farmers"

Club was held at the pleasant home of





Mr. and Mrs. “'illiam Taylor, Saturday,

March .‘I, Mr. and Mrs. Judson Freeman

assisting in the entertainment. The day





was ideal and all was peace and harmony.

The. usual bountiful dinner was served.

followed by the program, which consisted

of the addresses of the retiring and new

presidents. \V. F. Raven, of Lansing, gave

a very interesting and instructive talk on

the dairy question. The subject of the

county road system. in the absence of

Mr. Austin, who was to lead the discus-

sion, was introduced

and a lively discussion followed, some be—





 





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Please send me the following books free of charge.





ing more in favor of the old system and ? Name ...................................................





many expressed their opinion that the

good roads are more for the benefit of

the automobiles than for the farmer’s use.





Discuss





of the Thornapple Farmers’ Club, held at

Andrew Finkbeiner’s, and enjoyed the

hearty welcome and cheery hospitality of

the host and hostess. A couple of hours

was spent in social intercourse and in

partaking of the excellent dinner, then

President Russell called the meeting to

order. After the usual routine of busi-

ness, the subject for the- day was an—

nounced, “Should the farmers of Thorn-

apple favor the county road system to

be voted upon at the April election?” F.

D. Pratt, leader, ill a short talk, gave his

views on the subject, and then introduced

Mr. Bates, of Hastings. Mr. Bates ex-

plained the proposed county road sys-

tem in a clear, concise manner, and an—

swered many question on points not fully

understood. He was followed by Messrs.

Broughton, Harper, Cridler and others,

all of whom were in favor of building

good, permanent roads as fast as prac-

ticable. Only a small minority favored

the county system.



Plan for Union PIcnic.—Wi1‘low Grove,

the beautiful home of Mr. and Mrs. Dan-

iel “'atson, was the scene of the Febru—

ary meeting of the Napoleon Farmers'

Club, of Jackson county. About 50 mem-

bers were present, and after doing justice

to an ample dinner the meeting was cull—

ed to order and roll call was responded

to by “Sayings of Eminent Men." Mr.

and Mrs. L. G. Palmer, our delegates to

the state association having been absent

from the last meeting, were called upon

at this time for a report. Mr. Palmer then

gave from their combined notes one of

the finest reports to which we have ever

listened, being both concise and compre-

hensive, and bringing many useful and

practical ideas for tho betterment of our

own Club, He stated that the representa-

tives of the different Clubs in Jackson

county got together and formed a plan

for a union county lermors’ Club picnic

to be held at some central place during

the coming summer. If approved by the

different Clubs, the plans are to be per-

fected hv a committee consisting of one

representative from each Club. Some

were quite in favor of a “safe and sane”

fourth celebration as held by one Club,

and all sympathized with the members

of one at whose meetings there is “noth-

mg to eat” and whose percentage of at-

tendance is in consequence only 20 per

cent. It is quite impossible to reproduce

here much of the excellent report, but it

was much appreciated. and Mr. Palmer

was given a heartv vote of thanks. Fol-

lowing a good literary program and a dis-

cussion. on spraying. an interesting ques-

tlon box was then conducted by George

Carpenter, after which the Club adjourned

to meet at “Hillside Farm.” the home of

Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Saunt, on the third

Saturday in March. .





County Road System.—Over,

100 persons attended the March meeting‘





by Sumner Laddl Book number-3.33, ............ . ........................... .

I

' P. O ............................................ . ............

161

State ........................................ ................

Send coupon to the nearer address '





 





 





 





:1]

Odd





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an In answering we will send you free





 

 





 

 

 

 





our instructive book, “Nail Knowledge.”

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WE SELL YOU

AT WHOLESALE





Agentc' Price Ono

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Motorcycle or Bloyolo





Honest hand-mode mocking. at factory coat.»





3'3935 Write now for catalog. ’I8”





 

   

 

 





 

 

     





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' March 20, 1912.

Grains and Seeds.



Wheat—“heat lost strength last week

because of home conditions, there being

a considerable accumulation of the-grain

in Chicago and other points with no one

present to buy the offerings. This re—

sulted in a decline from the figures of

the previous week and gave the trade a

rather bearish appean'ance. Foreign mar-

kets came to the rescue, however, on

Tuesday and with advanced quotations

reported at Liverpool and Buenos Ayrcs

the situation improved here. There is an

active demand from millers for Michigan

wheat, although in western sections it is

claimed the flour market is dull and cash

wheat is not so urgently wanted. The

decrease in the world’s visible stocks

amounted to nearly three million bushels

and in the supplies in this country 1,368,—

000 bushels. \Vhile it is yet too early to

determine whether damage has occurred

to the winter wheat, the impression is

the crop, will be found in a somewhat de-

preciated condition, and crop damage

would have a bullish effect upon the

trade. No. 2 red wheat was quoted at

8863.0 per bu. one year ago. Quotations



are as follows: '



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May. July.

Thursday .....99% 97% 81.81% .9934





Friday ........ 98 14 .9614 0 .981/2

Saturday ..... 98 *4 .9614 1.00 .981/2

Monday ...... 981/2 .961/2 1.001,; 98%

Tuesday ...... 9854 .9634 1001/2 .99

“'edncsday . .9834 96% 1.00% .99





Corn—Corn values suffered with the

decline in wheat. However, the loss on

Saturday and Monday was reCovered on

Tuesday, when a little firmer feeling was

induced by the additional strength in

wheat and also by the promised cold

wave. The visible supply shows an in—

crease of less than one-half million bush-

els. The corn situation. however, is con-

sidered firmer than wheat and is a sup-

port to that grain. One year ago the

price for No. 3 corn was 48¢ per bu. Quo-

tations are:





No. 3 No. 3



Corn Yellow

Thursday ................ 09 701/52

Friday .................... 69 70%

Saturday ................. 68% 70

Monday ................... 681A; 70

Tuesday .................. 69 701/2

\\'cdnesday ............... 69 701/5





Oats-w'l‘his market has held prices

steady tiltrough the depression in corn and

wheat values. The situation is made

more bullish by the cold wave that is

now upon us which is certain to delay

spring seeding for this crop. It is re—

ported from Minneapolis that practically

all of the oats held at that point have

been sold to eastern buyers. The visible

supply showed a decrease of over one-

half million bushels. One year ago stan-~

dard oats were quoted at 33c per bu.

Quotations for the week are:



Standard. No.3





White.

Thursday ........ . ...... - ..57 5361/2

Friday ......... 57 56%

Saturday ........... ...... 57 561/2

Monday .......... . ........ 57 561/;

Tuesday .................. 57 561.4,;

\i’ednesday ............... 57 561/2





Beans—Since last week the demand for

beans has livened up. and prices have

improved from the standpoint of sellers.

One year ago cash beans were quoted at

$1.88 per bu; two years ago at $2.15 per

bu. Quotations for the week are:





Cash. Ma .



Thursday . . . . . .............. 2.37 $2.42

Friday ..................... 2.37 2.42

Saturday ................ 2.40 2.45

Monday ..................... 2.40 2.15

Tuesday .................... 2.40 2.45

\Vednesday ................. 2.40 2.42

Clover Seed—Prices have improved





here the past week for all kinds of seed.

The high price was reached on Monday.





' since when quotations have been reduced





Sc. -\lsike, however, suffered a decline

of 15c on Tuesday. One year ago prime

spot was quoted at $8.75 and two years

ago at $7.85 per bu. Quotations for the

past week are:





Prime Spot. March. Alsike.

Thursday ........ $13.00 $13.00 $13.00

Friday ..... . ..... 13.25 13.25 13.00

Saturday ........ 13.40 13.40 13.25

Monday .......... 13.35 13.35 13.25

Tuesday ......... 13.35 13.3r 13.10

Wednesday ...... 13.35 13. 13.10





Rye.—7This grain suffered a loss of to

in the quotations for cash No, 2, which

is now 930 per bu. The market is dull.



Timothy Seed.—This market is active,

with sales being made at a 50 advance

over the figures of last week, the present

price being $6.95 per bu. for prime spot.



Flour. Feed, Potatoes. Etc.



FlounkMarket rules steady with trad-





ing dull.



Straight .............................. $5.25

Patent Michigan ...... . .............. 4.85

Ordinary Patent .......... . .......... 4.80

Rye ........... - ....................... 5 20





Feed.-Prices are unchanged. Carlot

prices on track are: Bran, $30 per ton;

coarse middlings, $30; fine middlings, $30;

cracked corn, $30; coarse corn meal, $30;

corn and oat chop, $28 per ton.



Hay and Straw.——All kinds of rough-

are steady and scarce, and the quota-

tions are: No. 1 timothy, $22.50@23; No.

2 timothy. $21.50@22; clover,.mixed, $20,530

@2250; rye straw, $11.50@12; wheat and

at straw, 8116111150 per ton.



Potatoes.—-Prices have been maintained,

supplies being moderate and demand ac-

tive. Car lots on track are quoted at

810562110 per bushel.



Provlslons.——Family pork. 8176171850;

mess pork, $16; clear, backs, 8166131750;





THE. MICHIGAN. '9 EARMER. ‘





picnic hams, 9c; bacon, 12@131;éc; pure

lard in tierces, 9175c; kettle rendered lard.

1056c per lb.



Dairy and Poultry Products.



Butter.—~The normal demand for, and

supply ot‘. butter has maintained last

week’s price, with the market continuing

on a firm basis. Quotations are: Extra

creamery 290; first creamery, 28c; dairy,

21c; packing stock, 20c per lb.



Eggs—Increased offerings caused a de-

cline of 1c in the price of eggs after Mon-

day, the market having advanced since

the! preceding week due to the improved

demand stimulated by lower values. Cur-

rcnt receipts are now quoted at 191/2c per

dozen, which is 1/2c advance over the price

of last week.



Poultry.—-The demand for poultry is

about steady. The price is on nearly the

same basis as for the preceding Week.

Quotations for live fowls are as follows:

Spring chickens, 1460150; No. 2 chickens.

11617120; hens, 1461.150; No. 2 hens, 1161)

12c; turkeys, 16@17c; geese, 11@12c; ducks

14c; young ducks. 150 per lb.



Veal.——Veal is lower. Fancy, 9@9%c;

choice, 71/;6181/20 per lb.



Cheese—All grades of cheese remain





steady. Michigan, September, 181/3@190;

Michigan, late made, 17%@18c; York





state, 1960200; limburger, 1761)19c; domes-

tic Swiss, 20617230; brick cream, 2069220

per lb. .

Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage.—Steady; now selling at 31/2@

4c per lb. °



Onions.—Steady; $2.25@2.50 per bu;

Spanish, $2 per crate.



Apples—Baldwins are selling at $3

@350; Greenings, $3.25@3.50; Spies, $3.50

614; Ben Davis, $2@2.50 per barrel.





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.



Tuesday’s price on ‘eggs to the country

trade was 18c. Live poultry is bringing

the following prices: Hens and spring

chickens, 2c; old roosters. 7c; ducks,

13c, turkeys, 180; geese, 10c. Dressed

hogs are Worth 81/2c. The potato market

continues firm, with movement light. The

bean market is a trifle lower, white pea

and red kidney being quoted on a basis

of $2.10 per bu. Clover hay is worth 818

61/20; timothy, $206123. No. 2 red Wheat

is worth 930; oats, 55c; corn, 70c.



Chicago.



“'heat.——No. 2 red, $1.01%@1.021/2; May

31.02%; July, 981/gc.



Corn.——No. 3, 661/260671/2c; May, 711/8c;

July, 71‘3gc per bu.



()ats.—-No. 2 white, 5352160541430; May,

531/;gc; July, 493,4..c per bu.



Barley. Malting grades, $1@1.34 per

bu; feeding. 7061/80c.



Rotten—Steady at last week’s figures.

Business rather quiet. Quotations are:

Crcameries, 26@29c; dairies, 23@27c.



Eggs—Despite a very active demand,

prices Went off 1/20 on Tu sday, the rapid

increase in offerings resu ing from warm

weather developing a feeling of weakness.

Quotations: Firsts, grading 70 per cent

fresh, 191,130; ordinary firsts, 181/20 per

dozen; at mark, cases included, 181/26Dl9c.



Potatoes—Increased offerings of old,

and fairly liberal receipts of new stock

have brought a decline of nearly 10c from

last week's extreme figures. Michigan

stock is now quoted at $1.15@1.17 per

bu; Wisconsin, $1.14@1.17; Minnesota,

3111561117.



leans—Demand for choice stock is

good, with prices pretty firmly maintain—

ed. Quotations: l’ea beans, choice hand-

picked, $2.58 per bu; prime, $2.45; red

kidneys, $2.50.



Hay and Straw.—.\ll grades in good re-

quest at steady values. Quotations are:

Timothy, choice, 82250612350; No. 1

$20.5061.21.50; No. 2 and No. 1 mixed,

819611920; No. 3 and No. 2 mixed, $1561)

18.50; clover, $186920; N0. 2 clover and no

grade, $106015; alfalfa, choice, $21.50@22;

No. 1, 82061121; No. 2, 31850601950. Straw,

rye, 3850611950; oats, $8.50@9.50; wheat,

875061850. '





 





 





 





v





 





BoSton.



\\'ool.—There is scarcely any local trad-

ing in wools, however, what exchanges

are made indicate that prices are being

well maintained. Contracting for the new

clip in the western states is progressing

with prices quite Satisfactory to sellers.

Quotations for domestic fleeces are as

follows: Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces

»~])elaine washed, 32c; XX, 28@29c; fine

tunnerchantable, 23c; 1/2—blood combing,

300; ‘ig-blood combing, 300; 1A—blood

combing, 29c; delainev unwashed, 26c; fine

unwashed, 211/,3c. Michigan, Wisconsin

and New York fleeces—Fine unwashed,

201/éc; delaine unwashed, 24c; 1/2-blood

unwashed, 280. Kentucky, Indiana and

Missouri—~g-blocd, 2861.29c; 14-b100d, 28

@1290.





 





Elgin.



Butter—Market firm at 29c per 1b., the

same as the previous week. The output

for the week was 800,000 lbs., compared

with 750,000 lbs. a week ago.





THE |__IVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

March 18, 1912.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 90 cars; hogs, 50 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 70 double decks, calves,

1,000 head.



With 90 cars of cattle on our market

today, and 27,000 reported in Chicago, our

market for all grades of cattle weighing

over 1.200 lbs. was about 25c per cwt.

higher than last Monday, quality consid~

ered, although the .weighty cattle of to-

day were not so good quality as last

week’s cattle. The butcher and in be-

tween grades of cattle all sold from 25@

40c per cwt. higher, except trimmer cows

and bulls, which were only barely strong

at last week's prices. '



We quote: Best 1,400~to 1,600-ib. steers





 





 





$7.50@8; good prime 1,300 to 1,400-lb. do.,

$7607.50; prime 1,200 to 1,300-lb. do., $6.50

637.15; best 1,100‘ to 1,200-1b.. shipping

steers, $6.40@6.75; medium butcher steers

1,000 to 1,100, $5.50@6.25; light butcher

steers, $5@5.40; best fat cows, $5605.65;

fair to good do., $4604.50; common to me-

dium do., $3.50@4; trimmers, $225603;

best fat heifers, $6@6.50; good do., $4.7561)

5.35; fair to good do., $4.25@4.65; stock

heifers, $3.2561)3.50;- best feeding steers,

dehorned, 34.506125; common feeding steers

33.506114; stockers, all grades, 33.506114;

piime export bulls, 35.50696; best butcher

bulls,, $-l.75@5.25; bologna bulls, $461450;

stock bulls, 33.256114; best milkers and

springer-s, $4561.55; common to good do.,

$256035.



Receipts of hogs were very light today;

about 50 double decks on sale. The de-

mand was good for all grades; pigs sell-

ing a good quarter higher, and yorkers

and mixed strong 5c per cwt. higherrgen-

eral sales of yorkers and mixed were at

$7.55., with a few odd bunches up to $7.60.

Pigs, 3365061675, and lights from 956.7561)

7.25. Roughs, 36.5061665; stags, $5605.75.

Trade closed strong. and while our prices

look high compared with western mar—

kets, don’t think we will have much

change for the next few days.



The lamb market was active today;

most of the choice lambs selling from

$7.85@7.90; two loads of fancy at 80. Look

for about steady prices with moderate

receipts. The sheep market was active

today; market 150 higher. Look for about

steady prices the balance of the week.



\Ve quote: Best lambs, $7.85@7.90; cull

to common do., $66117; we-thers, 85.75606;

bucks, $36174; yearlings, 36.256117; handy

ewes, $5.50@5.65; heavy ewes, $5.25@5.50;

cull sheep, 336114.25; veals, choice to ex-

tra, $9619.50; fair to good do., $7@8.75;

heavy calves, $4.506v5.25.





 





Chicago.

March 18, 1912.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received. today ...... 27,000 48,000 16,000

Same day last year..23,781 56,384 20,820

Received last week..52,908 153,930 88,147

Same week last year.51,543 180,882 71,493



This week is starting off with meager

sheep and lamb offerings, and reports of

small receipts at Buffalo are helping to

put prices higher for prime offerings.

There was an early sale of around 1,100

head of fancy 82—lb. lambs from the San

Luis Valley of Colorado at $7.85, showing

an advance of 200 over any previous sale

of the season. Prime yearlings that were

light in weight would very likely sell for

$6.75, if any were here, and it was thought

that prime Wcthers would sell around $6.



Cattle today are steady for butcher

stock and fat steers. with other kinds

moving slowly up to near noon and largely

about a dime higher.



Hogs are selling actively "at a decline of

5c, sales being made at $660607, with the

best light around $6.95. Hogs marketed

last week averaged in weight 220 lbs., or

3 lbs. heavier than a week earlier, com-

paring with 242 lbs. a year ago and 219

lbs. two years ago.



Cattle showed a tendency to sell off

last week on days when the receipts

chanced to be larger than usual, for the

consumption of beef is below normal on

account of the Lenten season and high

prices, eggs and fresh pork, eggs especial-

ly, being popular substitutes, for the pro-

duction of eggs has increased recently so

much that prices were lowered substan-

tially. The market ruled largely 10@15c

lower Monday under receipts of 27,115

head, choice, heavy beeves excepted, ral-

lied and recovered this decline on small

\Vcdncsday offerings, and were partly a.

little lower the following day. However,

cattle are on the whole bringing unusu-

ally high prices, with the week’s tran-

sactions in beef steers largely at $6698,

the better class of heavy cattle going at

381061885 and the poorer light steers

fetching $5.25@6.25. A fair to medium

class brought 86.506725, and cattle pass-

ing for good sold around 375060775. The

better class ofw'earling steers sold at

873561810, and butchering cows and heif-

ers were actiVe Sellers at $3.70@7.50. a

sale being effected of 11 prime 915-lb. heif-

ers at $7.50. Canners sold at 821060320,

cutters at $3.2561)3.65, and bulls at $35061)

6. There was a moderate amount of trad—

ing in stockcrs and feeders, high prices

for the favorite class of weighty feeders

due to competition from the packers for

their cheap beef trade tending to discour-

age country buyers. The better class of

strong-weight feeders of 900 to 1.100-lb.

weights were quotable at $6.10617650, but

not many sales were made at these prices,

the greater part selling at $525606, with

stockers bringing $375656 and stock heif-

ers $3.6561‘14.25. Many farmers are hold-

ing back and intending to refill their feed

lots later on, when grass is about ready

to start up, but in all probability they

will have to pay extremely high prices

then. Calves sold well at $3.25@8.50, and

milch cows had a better outlet at $35@65

each, averaging higher.



Hogs sold last week at the highest

prices paid since last Sepetember, soaring

considerably over the $7 line, greatly to

the encouragement of stock feeders ev-

erywhere who are so fortunate these

times as to own healthy, growing, young

swine.‘ Under all the circumstances, it

would appear that it is high time that OWn-

ers began to see the folly of sending in

so many underweights, for matured hogs

will all be wanted, and so long as the

eastern packers are forced to look to

Chicago for such large numbers of prime

barrows, competition among buyers is

assured. The bad weather has interfered

seriously with marketing hogs, melting

snows making wretched country roads,

while later a big snow storm resulted in

blocking the railroad tracks and cutting

down supplies. Medium and heavy prime

hogs were the highest sellers, with prime

light hogs selling at a moderate discount.

The early week’s advance was extremely

large. and.a reaction followed later, but

the feeling prevailing was that-the coun-

try is going to see a period of higher





MARCH 23, 1912. .





prices. This is in spite of large accumu-

lations of’ provisions in 'the fiVe- leading

western packing points, these aggregating

on March 1, 337,408,000 lbs., compared with

290,415,000 lbs. 3. month earlier and 203.-

635.000 lbs. 21 year earlier. Prime hogs

shot up to $7.15 Friday, the snow block—

ado cutting down the supply to meager

proportions and sending prices to the

highest. figures seen since last September.

the bulk of the hogs selling 20c higher

than a day earlier. Saturday saw a big

break in values, the top being $7.05. but

that was 35c higher than a week ago.

Sheep and lambs have sold recently at

extremely great advances in prices over

those paid during the depressed period of

the winter, when receipts were liberal,

the eastern outlet restricted and prices

so low as to be unremunerative for the

most part. Since the holdings of sheep

feeders of the middle west became matc-

rially lowered, several weeks ago, there

has been a far greater dependence upon

supplies of lambs fed in Colorado and oth-

er distant sheep regions, and the per-

centage of offerings furnished by the ter-

ritory tributary to Chcago is very much

smaller than it was for months past. Ev-

erything with quality has sold high, and

prime lambs sold last week at the best

prices of the present year. There was an

improved demand for feeding and shear-

ing lambs, and higher prices were paid;

The receipts last week were greatly re-

duced from those of the preceding week,

the snow storm interfering with moving

trains, and high records were made for

lambs, buyers paying $5@7.65, with sales

of shearing and feeding lambs at 85.2561)

6.50. Yearlings brought $5.75@6.50, weth-

ers_$561)5.75, ewes $3605.60, and bucks $361)

4.2a. Shorn flocks were more numerous.

Horses arrived freely last week, except

when the movement of stock trains was

interfered with by snow blockades on the

railway tracks. The lack of choice horses

was as marked as ever, and such as were

received sold readily at firm prices, while

the numerous long-haired, inferior ani—

mals offered sold at low and weak prices,

the worst specimens going for $856012?)

per head. \Vagon horses sold usually

around 5616061200, while sales were made

of light drafters on a basis of $175611225,

with better and heavier ones salable at

8230611325 or even higher. Farm horses

had a good demand. with mares preferred.

F.





LIVE STOCK NOT__ES.





 





Owners of hogs that are fattening sat-

isfactorily have every reason for feeling

comfortable. over the present outlook, re-

cent sales having been made at the high-

est prices recorded in several months. Of

course, it is undeniable that corn and all

other feeds are extremely dear, but for

all that, there, is every reason to believe

that corn cannot be made to yield better

profits than by being fed to thrifty young

hogs. After this month smaller market-

ings of hogs and further advances are

generally looked for. At any rate, more

pigs should not be sold unless sickness

has broken out in the neighborhood, and,

very fortunately, most hogs are now thor-

oughly healthy. Severely cold weather

from now on is highly improbable, and

less corn will be required for keeping up

animal warmth.



\Vhatever prices for poorly fattened cat-

tle may do for the next few months, it is

pretty definitely settled, ,it would appear,

that strictly prime, long-fed, heavy beeves

are going to command extremely high

prices. For a long period they have been

growing steadily scarcer, and prices are

away above those paid at this time in

former years. Handy little yearlings that

have been well finished also command

good prices, but the best lots go much

lower than prime heavy cattle. Market-

ing well-bred steers that have been mere—

ly warmed up on a short feed seems a

foolish thing to do at this time, as by

feeding several weeks longer they can be

made good and fat, so as to place them in

a class that sells at high prices.



Sheep and lambs that were in such a

bad way during the winter months and

sold in many instances so unsatisfactorily,

have lately been much sought after by

killers, and prices have had remarkable

booms. rendering profits highly satisfac-

tory to their feeders. This is what usu-

all~r happens about this season of the

year. and the men who hung on and

made prime live muttons are reaping

substantial profits. The sheep trade is on

the whole much more fickle than cattle

or hogs, and a great deal of business

judgment is necessary in buying feeders

and preparing them for the market. while

a selection of the best time for having

them on the market is of the utmost im-

portance.



Good ”crops” of spring pigs are prom-

ised in Iowa and Nebraska, but smaller

“crops” than usual are expected in other

states of the west and southwest. Every

pig will be needed, and it does not seem

probable that the country will ever see

low prices for hogs again, the country

showing a far greater increase in popuo

lation from year to year than in hogs.



A prominent Montana stockman says

that in Teton county in that state there

are hardly 5,000 cattle, where only a few

years ago there were at least 150,000 head

on the open range. the land having been

taken up by dry farmers and sheepmen.

Former extensive rangemen of that re—

gion are buying car loads of Shorthn-n

bulls for crossing with Hereford cows.

a cross that is looked upon as well adapt-

ed to cattle that are somewhat closely

confined.



The owner of a large flock of lambs in

Montana says he started them on alfalfa

and fed them nothing else for a period of

40 days. The last 30 days before ship-

ment to one of the big feed lots near

Chicago he fed them one pound of wheat

and oats mixed per head each day, be—

sides all the alfalfa they would eat.



At a. recent sale of horses and mules at

Ramsey, Illinois, there was a large at-

tendance of buyers, and the sales ag—

gregated $30,000, including a pair of Per-

cheron mares at $760.





 





 





 





l





3..
1111101423. 1912'. _

runs is THE LAST EDITION.





In the first edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

an other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care-more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that eflect





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.



March 21, 1912.

Cattle.

Cows and bulls steady;

than last





 





Receipts, 967.

other grades 15@25c higher

week. ‘ ‘



\Vc quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $7; steers and heifers, 1.000 to

1,200, $5.50@6.50; do. 800 to 1,000, $5@5.75;

do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $4@5; choice

fat cows, $5@5.25; good do., $4@4.50;

common COWS, $3@3.50; canners, $2633;

choice heavy bulls, $5; fair to good bo-

lognas, bulls, $4.50@4.75; stock bulls, $4@

4.25; milkers, large, young, medium age,

$40@:50; common milkers, $20@30.



Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 6 steers

av 1,091 at $6.25, 25 do av 1,060 at $6.25,

9 heifers av 702 at $4.50; to Goose 4 cows

av 930 at $4.35; to Mich. B. Co. 2 do av

945 at $3.75; to Newton B. CO. 1 do weigh-

ing 900 at $4.75, 9 steers av 936 at $5.75,

7 do av 1,250 at $6.60, 1 cow weighing 1,110

at $5, 6 butchers av 980 at $5, 15 steers

av 133 at $6.50; to Fry 12 butchers av

686 at $4.75; to Goose 2 cows av 1,000 at

$4, 1 do weighing 720 at $3.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. C0. 2

cows av 965 at $4.50; to Parker, W. & Co.

25 steers av 857 at $6.25, 1 bull weighing

1,140 at $4.50, 1 do weighing 1,460 at $4.75;

to Goose 5 cows av 940 at $3.50, 1 do

weighing 1,140 at $4.50; to Newton B. Co.

20 steers av 1,135 at $6.35, 17 butchers av

826 at $5.65, 3 do av 833 at $5.65, 10 do av

854 at $4.75, 6 do av 941 at $4.75, 6 do av

943 at $5 50, 2 do av 790 at $4.50, 3 cows

:iv 977 at $4. 2 do av 860 at $3, 2 do av

1.020 at $3.50, 1 steer weighing 1,100 at

$56.50, 14 do av 963 at $6.25, 1 bull weigh-

ing 1,920 at $5, 1 do. weighing 1.060 at

$4.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 11 cows av

945 at $4.15, 6 do av 833 at $3, 7 do av

1,053 at $3.65; to Kamman B. Co. 20

butchers av 911 at $5.25; to Bresnahan 1

cow weighing 1.040 at $3, 14 butchers av

675 at $5.10; to Goose 1 cow weighing 920

at $3.25; to Mason 7 butchers av 875 at

$5.25; to Sullivan P. CO. 1 bull weighing

1,990 at $5; to Thompson Bros. 3 steers

av 800 at $5.75, 3 cows av 1,025 at $5, 1

cow weighing 30 at $3.75; to Sullivan P.

Co. 20 steers av 1,045 at $6.35, 1 cow

weighing 980 at $4.25, 1 do weighing 1,170

at $5, 3 do av 1.070 at $4.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. '5

butchers av 790 at $5.50, 1 bull weighing

710 at $4.50; to Goose 4 cows av 845 at

$3.35; to Newton B. Co. 20 steers av 1.264

at $7; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av 1,150 at

$6.50.



Stephens sold Mich. B. Co. 10 cows av

1,010 at $4.25, 1 do weighing 930 at $3.75,

2 butchers av 730 at $6.



Young sold Sullivan P. Co. 2 steers av

1,050 at $6.25.



Young sold Parker, 15', &. Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,420 at $4.75, 1 cow weighing

880 at $3.60. ‘



Shaw & R. sold Newton B. Co. 2 can-

ners av 740 at $3, 7 cows and bulls av

1,030 at $4.15 2 steers av 985 at $6.



Haley & M. sold Bresnahan 4 heifers

av 600 at $4.40, 3 butchers av 523 at $4; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av 1,100 at $4, 1

do weighing 1,000 at $3, 6 butchers av 873

at $4.40, 3 cows av 1.243 at $4.05; to

Kamman B. Co. 5 butchers av 762 at

$4.35; to Smith 2 do av 920 at $3.50; to

Parker, 1V. R; Co. 3 bulls av 1,660 at $4.80.



Veal Calves.



Receipts, 610. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best, $8@8.50; common,

$4@7; milch cows and springers dull.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co. 2

av 130 at $8, 2 av 135 at $8; to Goose 7

av 145 at $7.50, 7 av 125 at $6.50, 9 av 140

at $7.50; to Parker, V‘V. & Co. 4 av 130 at

$7.50, 1 weighing 340 at $4, 9 av 115 at

$7.25, 2 av 105 at $6, 8 av 130 at $7.50, 5

av 110 at $5.50; to Newton B. CO. 4 av 125

at $6, 43 av 140 at $8.25; to Hammond, S.

S; Co. 8 av 100 at $5, 12 av 120 at $5, 4

av 110 at $5, 18 av 135 at $8.25, 20 av 135

at $8.25, 7 av 145 at $8.25, 4 av 150 at

$8.25. 3 av 190 at $8.50, 1 weighing 250 at

$8, 21 av 125 at $8; to Burnstine I weigh-

lng 170 at $4. 14 av 140 at $8.25; to Sulli-

van P. Co. 2 av 115 at $5, 13 av 150 at





$8.25.



Spiccr & R. sold Thompson Bros. 4

av 50 at $750; to Nagle P. Co. 2 av 145

at $7.50: to Mich. B. Co. 5 av 140 at $5.50;

to Newton B. Co. 18 av 155 at $8.50; to

Thompson Bros. 2 av 130 at $4.50. 15 av

130 at $7.25; to Burnstine 20 av 130 at $7,



Roe Com. Co. sold Thompson Bros. 1

weighing 90 at $5.



Haley & M. sold Thompson Bros. 1

weighing 190 at $7.50, 2 av 155 at $6.50,

2 av 110 at $4.50; to Goose 12 av 120 at

$6.50; to Burnstine- 20 av 130 at $7.



Adams sold Thompson Bros. 4 av 100

at $5, 5 av 125 at $7.



Johnson sold Sullivan P. Co. 10 av 123

at $6.50.



Lowcnstein sold Hammond, S. & CO. 4

av 105 at $5, 14 av 130 at $8. '



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 4,123. Market 25c higher than

last, week. Best lambs, $7.25@7.50; fair

to good lambs, $6.25@7; light to common

lambs, '$5@6; yearlings, $6@6.50; fair to

good sheep. $4@5; culls and common, $3

@350.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle P. Co. 443

lambs av 80 at $7.50; to Sullivan P. Co.

103 sheep av 82 at $3.50; to Newton B. Co.

35 clip lambs av 75 at $6; to Barber 221

lambs av 82 at $7.70, 84 do av 77 at $7.25;

to Nagle P. Co. 211 lambs av 85. at $6.75;

to Fitzpatrick Bros. 13 sheep av 90 at $4,

3 do av 200 at $4, 27 do av 125 at $4.50,





 

 





 

 





18 lambs av 80 at $6.60, 15 do av 72 at

$6.50, 5 sheep av 100 at $4.75, 12 do av

125 at $5, 21 do av 85 at $4.60, 24 do av

90 at $5, 22 lambs av 90 at $6.50.



Spicer &. R. sold Nagle P. Co. 62 lambs

av 75 at $7, 3 do av 58 at $5.60; to New-

ton B. Co. 103 do av 75 at $7.35; to Mich.

B. Co. 107 do av 80 at $7.35; to Brown 47

do av 65 at $6.25; to S'uilivan P. Co. 1

sheep weighing 160 at $3, 23 lambs av 60

at $4.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Thompson Bros. 20

lambs av 60 at $7.10; to Barlage 55 do av

80 at $7, 15 do av 60 at $5, 6 sheep av

140 at $4.



Sharp sold Nagle P. Co. 130 lambs av

75 at $7, 46 sheep av 115 at $5, 21 lambs

av 58 at $4.



Adams sold Sullivan P. Co. 17 sheep av

105 at $3.65.



Adams sold Thompson Bros. 3 lambs av

110 at $6.75.





Hogs.



Receipts, 2,885. Market 5061600 higher

than last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7.50; pigs, $6.50@6.75; light yorkers,

$7.35@7.40; stags one-third off.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 48 av

150 at $7.40, 25 av 125 at $7.15, 70 av 185

git 7557.50, 14 av 140 at $7.30, 18 av 115 at



. 5.

6Spicer & R. sold same 75 av 100 at

.75.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, ‘1'. & Co.

70 av 210 at $7.60, 1,369 av 180 at $7.50, 678

av 150 at $7.40, 30 av 130 at $7.35.





Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

50 av 190 at $7.50.

Haley & M. sold same 87 av 200 at





$7.60, .190 av 180 at $7.50, 6 av 140 at $7.35.





Frlday’s Market.

March 15,

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1,653; last week,

1,917. Bulls and cow grades steady; all

others 10@15c lower than on Thursday.



We quote: Best steers and heifers.

$6.50@6.75; steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $5.50@6.25; do. 800 to 1.000. $5315.25:

do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $4.25@5.25:

choice fat cows, $5; good fat cows. $4417

4.50; common cows, $3.25@3.50; canners,

$275613; choice heavy bulls, $5; fair to

good bologna bulls, $464.75; stock bulls.

$3.75fli4.50; milkers, large. young, medium

age, $406945; common milkers, $20@35.



Veal Calves,



Receipts this week, 992; last week, 1,666.

Market 500 lower than on Thursday. Best

$7.50(u8.25; common, $4@6.50. Milch cows

and springers dull.



Sheep and Lambs.





1912.





Receipts this week, 5,766; last week.

10,280. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices. Best lambs, $6.75@7.25; fair to





good lambs, $5.50@6.25; light to common

lambs, $4.50@5.50; fair to good sheep, $4

@450; culls and common, $2.50@3.50.



Hnan.

week, week,





Receipts this 5,512; last





7,804. Market 20((1125c higher for heavics;

pigs steady. Rangebf prices: Light to

good butchers, $7@7.15; pigs, $6@6.25;





light yorkers, $6.75@7; stags one-third off.





LIVE sroCK NOTES.





 





Canadian buyers have been scouring

the states of Iowa, Nebraska, South Da-

kota and Minnesota in the search for

good commercial horses, and a good many

car loads have been shipped to \Vinnipeg.

The rapid influx of settlers into Alberta,

Saskatchewan and Manitoba necessitates





the use of a great many strong horses,





and Canada cannot begin to supply the

demand. Nowhere near enough well-bred

horses are raised in the United States,

but farmers are beginning to realize the

importance of breeding more high-class

drafters, and choice stallions are in good





demand in- Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and

other states.

\Vhile lower prices have been estab-





lished for lard and cured hog meats in

recent weeks, prices are still higher than

they would be but for the efforts of big

speculators to maintain values. The

stocks of lard, hams, bacon, pork, etc., in

western warehouses are extraordinarily

heavy and rapidly increasing, for retailers

continue to charge much higher prices

than are warranted by wholesale values

A prominent Chicago Board of Trade com—

mission iirm submits the following prices

showing market conditions: Bacon cost-

ing 171/2c a pound, retailing at 3073350 :1

pound; boiled hams costing 200, retailing

at 406p50c; smoked hams costing l-lc. rc—

tailing, center cuts, at 30@32c; pork sau-

sage costing 15c, retailing at 28c; pork

tenderloins costing 21c, retailing at 4062

48c; pork chops costing 90 in the loin, re-

tailing at 16@18c; roast pork loins costing

9c fresh, retailing, roasted, at 40@45c;

smoked beef tongues, uncooked. costing

20c, retailing, cooked. 70@75c; 3—11). tins

of lard costing 35c, retailing at 50(«1‘160c.

II J. Taylor, of I’ottawatamie county,

Kansas, who marketed two car loads of

lambs recently and at the same time

bought two car loads of stock steers, has

no idea of abandoning the sheep business,

and last year fed 1,800 lambs. It was not

a successful year financially, and yet this

winter he staid in and came out some-

what better. “I am going to stay in the

game and keep on feeding sheep,” Mr.

Taylor said. “I am looking for a carload

more of feeding lambs to take out and

feed for the late spring market. I like

to handle sheep. I think they will build

up land quicker than any other kind of

live stock. Sheep manure isworth more

to land than any other dam of fertilizing

matter I ever saw. When we hear men

complaining about sheep not making

money, we might just ask whether cattle

feeding has paid. I handle both and have

had considerable experience- wlth cattle.”

Throughout the country generally there

is an unusually small supply of cows and

heifers, as well as young steers, and in

most sections, where a few years earlier

there were plenty of young cattle for

stocker and feeder purposes. stockmen

are compelled to come to the central





 





 





THE M'i‘bHIGAN FARM ER.





markets to stock up their feed lots. By

the time grass appears there will be

probably a general scramble to pick up

cattle to fatten, and wise buyers will not

wait until then and pay the big advance

in prices that will surely follow.



Not long since a. Kansas stock feeder

sold on the Chicago market 72 head of

fancy spayed ‘yearling‘ heifers, partly

Herefords, for $6.90 and $7 per 100 lbs.,

their average weights being 970'and 983

pounds. They were fed Since last Sep-

tember on ground corn, cottonseed meal

and alfalfa and .made excellent gains.

Their feedcr marketed about a month

earlier 46 head of heifers of the: same

brand that averaged 1,021 pounds at $7.





Horses have come to market recently

in increased numbers, and as the offer—

ings were largely undesirable in quality.

sellers had to submit to concessions in

prices in quite a number of instances.

Sales were made of inferior animals at

$85@125 per head, with prime extra

heavy drafters scarce and largely nominal

around 3250((l325. Lighter draft horses

brought $175@225 and wagon horses were

purchased around $150fi200. Very few

drivers are coming on the market.



An advance in the Chicago wholesale

price of creamery butter a few days ago

caused a good deal of talk of a coming

“corner" in the market. Speculators

have been heavy buyers of late, and they

are said to be waiting for an opportunity

to boost prices for stocks held in cold

storage warehouses. It has been the rule

up to now, however, that every sharp

rise in prices has been followed by a

marked decline in consumption, and sales

of oleomargarinc have reached by far the

largest preportions ever known.





 





The farmer who

not use Ready Roofing

ls wasting money—





Certain - teed





Roofing





—the big money «war~





When buying roofing you should con-

sider carefully these two points—quality

and price. Certain-teedRoofing means

quality 067'th Hability guaran-

teed—a better roofing for less money,

fully guaranteed for fifteen years.





Millions of rolls in use on

farm buildings today



. You do not need to take

~ our word as to the qual-

ity and durability of

Certain-teed Roofing





—thcrc are millions of rolls

ofit in use today and our sales

are increasing at a. tremeu~

dous rate. One trial will con-

, .. Vince you. [tin madeinrubber

shingles as well u rolls—on

‘ each roll or bundle we paste

aCertain-tced label for your

~ protection.

You can get

Certain-teed





oo in: 1mm

your local dealer

\ —at least give

_. - it a trial.



0 l Send today for

this valuable

free book P-S'





GENERAL nooma rm. co.





York. Pa. Marseilles, Ill. East St. Louis, Ill.

Minneapolis Ban Francisco





 





 





 

 





   





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





Write For. Book

About This ‘Easy Way To

Keep. Your Barn Clean!





Cut work and time of cleaning barns in hall!

Save your back and arms. Save money—boost

your profits. Keep stock cleaner and healthier!

Let us show you how! Others have done it.

you can too! Puts money In your parka





James Carriers





solve the problem. Get our fine free book and read the

roof. Don't waitl Send postal at once. Book No. :1

lie about James Litter and

Feed Carriers, and feed trucks.





     

 

 

 

 





 





No. 10 tells about stalls stanch- '

ions, bull pens, calf pens' and box Barn Plan

stalls. Either or both Fast. Service





FREE





Mr. \V. D. James.

Amedca's foremost

Dairy Barn Design-

er, will gladly help

you plan your barn.

Write to him today.





‘ Now‘ Write postal, stating





- how many dalr cows

on own. Also ask for “ elpful

films to Barn Builders," our

most valuable book if you are

planning to build! Address

JAMES ill ANUFACTURING COMPANY

7031 Cane St.. Fort Atkinson, Wis.

(Formerly Kent Mig. Co.)

Originators of Benita? Barn Equipment and

Barn Plan ervice Idea.





—

i FARMS lllll HHM [Mills

1 Hill SALE llll EXBHANEE





FOX and turkey farm wanted—Wild land preferred.





 





 





 





 





: Will exchan e for hardware business in Detroit.

H. Hammond. o. 84 Leverett Ave. Detroit. Mich.





For Sale, Farms 35.3.1} llfieiix‘lfanall





of soil. VVISNER & GUTHRIE, Eaton Rapids, Mich.





INE VARIETY NEW IURK STATE FARMH~

Cheap—large and small. Write for March List.

J. J. Crandall & Son, Farm Agents, Wellsville, N. Y.





 





 





 





select farms all over Southern Michigan





UR Cooperative List quotes owner's price for

The Ypsilanti Agency 00., Inc., Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





Farm Wanted in Exchangt for Slack of merchandise





SWEET'S VARIETY STORE. Ludiugton. Mich.





240 ACRES adjoining lake, timber,

_ D orchard. buildln , 313000.

“rite for list, E. N. PASSAGE, Plymout l, Mich.





—Michigun farm. Ioni'i (‘o., 136 acrcs



Falmllll sale of 00d land, house. 2‘barns and out-

liulltlln s, 4 miles rom town. 1"orpriccs and terms

. write ll aple Grove Stock Fur-m, Surunuc, Michigan.





lMlCHlGAN FARMS





40 A.. all cleared, line house and barn, wind mill,

love], $2500. $1000 down. balance cusv. Others. Cata-

logue free. EVANS-HOLT (towns Mich.





Beautifully Illustrated Booklet 12,733.,” semis-pig:

luscious eaches, strawberneannd of ideal homes

ddress tate Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware





Choice Michigan Landfifih‘t‘é





line unimproved lands. Also somo improved farms

in Gladwm and Clare counties.‘ Write us for inn is and

folders. McClure-Stevens Land (30.. Gladwin. llirh.





. 20.0“} b ' t . :



440-Acre Apple Farm, m“, 53552331535,



located in Arkansas a pie belt; per acre.

VESTAL & HAY( 000, Arkndelphin, Ark.





FOR SALE, BY OWNER, ll SACRIFICE—£66003





West. Michigan l'ruit bolt; good soil and location; 40





A. improved; 30 timber: 14 acres wheat; 100 fruit trees;

A. I). CLARK, Route 4, Hosperia, Mich.





Money-Making Farms

Throu hout seventeen states. Tell us what. you

want an we Will tell you where it. is. Big illustrated

catalo us No. 34 free. We pay buyera' lures. E. A.

STRO "1‘. Station 101, Old (,olony Bldg, Chicago, Ill.

—Furm 01'le ill'reri, 10 “(1'05





 





 





 





buildings.





 





PROSPEROUS





today.



your occupation, I will teach you the Real

Dante business by mail; appoint you Special

Representative of my Company in your town,-

atart you in a profitable business of your own,

i and help you make big money at once.





Unusual opportunltr (or man without!

capital to become ndcpcndent for Ilia.

Valuable Book and lull particulars FREE.

Write today.





lATlOIAl BO-OPERATIVE REALTY 60.





2 Harden Bulldln

I. Enrmdnffln‘“ "Mflon. De 0. c





We Want HAY&.STll-AW





_ We get the top price on Consignments, make

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.





PITTSBURG. PA.

Reference Washington Trmt Company. or any bank in city





when you can buy

the Beat Land In

Michigan at from

S7 to an acre





near Saginaw and Ba Oit . W ite f .

ticulara Olen title ’and gay tgrms.“ ma el‘dndnglsl.‘

(ownen) 15 Merrill Bldg. Saginaw, w. 3. Michigan:





. —Im roved Pride of th

seed 00m 101' 8310 No 11. Carefully selected

and guaranteed to grow. H. L. COLE, Palmyra, Mich.





 

 

 

 





‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





I WILL MAKE YOU





FOR SAL second-growth ouk; nou-





modern barn with straw born: 4700 sq. ft. basement.

room; house upright. and Wing; two bearing orchards

which can be rented $65 per your. Farm is sandy loam,





 





“mare honest and ambitious write me clay subsoil, no waste lund Price $80 r -

No matter where you live or what H. S ' p0 mm.





. BRADFORD, Ionia. Michigan.

107 Acres, $1800. Part Cash.





Cotton tobacco, corn. fruit and ear] vegetables do

well in the rich soil on this Wayne onnty, North

Carolina farm; borders creek; mild. warm winters;

small cottage. stable. other buildings; owner has

other buaineee, Price only $1600, part cash. Full

details and trave ling directions to see this and other

good cotton. corn. tobacco and fruit farms in North

Carolina, Florida, Virginia; and other Southern

. tacos. page 17 "Strout’s Bentham Farm Catalog 35".

net. outsoopy free. We Pay Buyers R. B. Fares. E. A.

trout, tation 101. 517 Lithia Street. Greensboro. N.0.





FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS lN





' The Nation’s

Garden Spot-





TIIA'I' GREAT FRUIT AND TRUCK

GROWING SECTION-

along the





Atlantic Coast Line

RAILROAD '





in Vir inia, North and South Carolina)

Georg I, Alabama and Florida, write to





 





WILB UR MCCOY E. N. CLARK,

A. a I. Act. for Florida, A. a LAgt. rorvmunm

Alabama._ 11$“, and the Carolinas,

Jacksonvflle, 18.. Wilmington, N. C.
‘370. 526»





.





x 4





 





 





 





 





 





 





lémfllj £113ng N





 





 





At; Home . anti ElyéWfiere

fl





 





 





 





 





[7





PLANNING





 





%§





A





 





THE WORK.





 





ID you ever notice that some wom-

D on work from 5:00 a. m. to 10:00



p. m. and never seem to accom-

plish anything, while their neighbor works

from 7:00 a. m. until 2:30 p. m. and does

three times as much work? And have

you wondered what made the difference?

The first woman moves twice as quickly

as the second. She is always flying

around, hustling first here and then there,

hurrying, hurrying, hurrying, yet never

getting ahead. The second woman, per-

haps, moves so slowly she makes you

nervous, but somehow or other she man-

ages to turn off .the work.



The solution of the whole problem may

be answered by one word, “Planning,” for

though, "The best laid plans of mice and

men gang aft aglee,” the plans of the

woman who does her own work usually

are caried out, barring sickneSs, aceidents

or company unexpected. It is the woman

that thinks ahead who works most easily,

silently and effectively and who has time

for other things than housework.



To illustrate. I have a neighbor who

is the mother of two boys, and boys are

not supposed to make so much work as

girls, there being no ruffled petticoats

and dresses to make, wash and iron, not

to mention ribbons, sashes, aprons, and

other gewgaws. She has a small house, a

power washing machine, vacuum cleaner,

and a furnace, all of which are calculat-

cd to make work easy. The boys are old

enough to do a great deal about the

house, and the woman ought to have ev-

ery afternoon to herself, except in fruit

time or perhaps houseclcaning time.



As a matter of fact, she never has any

time. Her work is never done, her house

is always untidy, her hair usually un-

comhcd until supper time, and everybody

in her family is generally upset and un-

comfortable. And she is always working,

to hear her tell it. But this is the way

she works. She starts to clear up the

breakfast table, and then thinks about

the suit she wants to cut out for the six-

year-oid in the ai'tcrnot’m, so she rushes

to the ’phone to ask a neighbor to loan

her a pattern. That means 15 minutes

gossip. Then she goes back to the table,

carries three more dishes to the sink,

then leaves them to feed the chickens;

comes back, makes a few more passes at.

the table then thinks the bedrooms

should be opened to air. \thn she gets

up there she sees some mending to do,

sits down to do that and then suddenly





remembers she is out of bread and will

have to start some. So she dashes back

to the kitchen to begin a task which

might have been finished by that time if

she had started it the night before.



By 11 o’clock she has her dishes started,

but she leaves them in the pan while she

peels potatoes and makes a dessert. Then

after dinner she must sweep and dust and

tidy the rooms, and so it goes. Her work

is never done, because she doesn’t look

ahead far enough to plan her work. Site

never knows what she is going to have

for a m'eal until it is time to start it, and

then often has “to hold her meat and

vegetables back” to make a pie. She has

been known to put her potatoes on to

boil and then decide to have chicken.



Next door to her lives the mother of

four girls. She has no furnace nor vacu-

um cleaner, and those girls certainly do

make a lot of sewing, but that mother

does every bit of it, and has time to go

cut nice afternoons and give the children

a party occasionally.



Of course, the girls help, but not any

more than the other woman’s two boys

could do. They tidy their rooms and

their beds and windows before they come

down to breakfast. Then, after breakfast

they carry away the dishes and feed the

chickens before starting to school.



After their departure the mother wash-

es the dishes, tidies the downstairs and

makes her dinner dessert, all before 9:00

O‘clock. She knows exactly what she is

going to have for each meal, in fact, she

knows what she will have for two days

ahead, for she finds this the easiest way

to settle the left-over problem. The mak-

ing of the beds is a short task, for the

clothes have been carefully spread back

before. Then there is usually an hour

for extra tasks before dinner, those hun-

dred and one unexpected things which

turn up in every home. She may cut

out a garment, to be almost finished after

dinner, for she wastes no time on un-

necessary basting.



Her “big days’ work” come in order.

Tuesday washing, Wednesday ironing,

Thursday mending and extra jobs of

cleaning, Friday sweeping, and Saturday

baking. The children iron small pieces,

dust, wash the supper dishes, and are

learning to mend their own clothes.



“I don't see how Mrs. S. does so much,”

say all her neighbors. But it is all be-

cause her head does a large part of her

work. DEBORAH.





 





 





SOME OAPISROPRIATE GIFTS.





BY MAE Y.





Hand-embroidered ties are: quite the

thing for boys, and even men. at present,

and may be made of silk or linen. The

plain ones may be purchased ready for

ornamentation, or if one has the time

they may rip up an old tie to use as a





 





 





 





 





 





A Scissor Shield.

pattern, and cut new ones from silk or

wash goods. Just simple little figures,

requiring no pattern, are used for the

embroidery, grouped triangles, as in the





MAHAFFY.





illustration, diamonds, dots, etc. Stripes

worked across the ends with the stitches

slanting are also attractive. Subdued

colors are usually preferred by the older

men, while the boys delight in high school

or college colors when those colors are

at all fitted for ties. The tie shown is

black with orange figures. The men do

not have a monopoly on embroidered ties,

either, since they are worn with tailored

waists by a great many ladies.



An addition to work bag or basket is

a scissors shield, made by crocheting over

a cork, as in the cut. The. cork is about

an inch in diameter, and anyone accus-

tomed to crochcting can cover it with or—

dinary double crochet in a very few min-

utes. A chain of ten stitches is first

made, mercerizcd floss being used, of any

desirable color. Join this chain, and into

it crochet a sufficient number of double

crochet stitches to keep it round and flat.

One more row is usually necessary in this

increasing stitch to make the round

large enough to cover the small end of

the cork. A hole is punched in the cork

through the opening made by the chain.

into which the Scissors may be thrust.

The crocheting is continued round and

round, with an occasional increase until

deep enough to cover the sides of the

cork, when it is slipped in. Do not try

to work over the cork at first, but try it

occasionally to see that the cover will fit.

\Vhen the sides are completed it must be





placed inside, and the» top is then covered

by gradually narrowing off. Loops and

ends of ribbon or chenille are used to

finish the top. Or, if a little more time

can be devoted to the work, crochet sev-

eral rounds of shells, giving a rose-like

finish to the top. .

Another scissors shield may be made





 





 





 





 





 





Hand-Embroidered Tie.





by cutting twa elongated V-shaped pieces

from Chamois or old kid gloves, these be—

ing about two inches long and one inch

wide at the top. Buttonhole these sec—

tions together, except at the top, and

finish this top by a tiny edge of crochet

or a very narrow ruffle of ribbon or lace.

With the points of the scissors slipped in

either of these little shields there will be

no danger of holes appearing prematurely

in lnilady’s dainty work bag.



For a handy kitchen catch-all, dust-

cloth holder, twine bag, or for soiled cuffs

and collars or handkerchiefs, cut three

somewhat pointed ovals, as in Fig. 1,

about six inches wide and 12 long. Cre-

tonne, linen or other durable material is

suitable. Cut one of these sections in

half, and bind this straight edge of each

with tape or ribbon. Now baste these

halves to one of the whole sections, one





Fig. 1.





at either side, but at the same end, with

all points together, and join the free sides

of the half-sections to the remaining

whole piece. Keep all seams on the right

side, and bind with tape or ribbon. Place

a crocheted ring or loopof tape at top to

serve as a hanger, and if for twine work

a small opening for the end of the ball to

be run through near the bottom. _Made





 





 





MARCH 23. 1912.





e HARD» TO: DROP





But Many Drop' It.





VA young, Calif. wife talks about coffee:



“It was hard to drop' Mocha, and Java

and give Postum a trial, but my nerves

were so shattered that I was a nervous

wreck and of course that means all kinds

of ills. ,



“At first I thought bicycle riding caused

it and I gave it up, but my condition

remained unchanged. I did not want to

acknowledge coffee caused the trouble 1’01-

I was very fond of it.



“About that time a friend came to live

with us, and I noticed that after he had

been with us a week he would not drink

his coffee any more. I asked him the

reason. He replied: ‘I have not had a

headache since I left off drinking coffee,

some months ago, tiii last week, when I

began again, here at your table. I don’t

see how anyone can like coffee, anyway,

after drinking Postumi’



“I said nothing, but at once ordered' a

package of Postum. That was five

months ago, and we have drank no

coffee since, except on two occasions

when we had company, and the result

each time was that my husband could

not sleep, but lay awake and tossed and

talked half the night. We were convinced

that coffee caused his suffering, so he

returned to Postum, convinced that'the

coffee was an enemy, instead of a friend,

and he is troubled no more by insomnia.



“I, myself, have gained 8 pounds in

weight, and my nerves have ceased to

quiver. It seems so easy now to quit

the old coffee that caused our aches





and ails and take up Postum.” Name

given by Postum 00., Battle Creek,

Mich.



Read the little book, “The Road to





\Veilville,” in pkgs. “There’s a. reason.”





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine. true,

and full of human interest.





 





 





 





Rom LEATHER Roam

‘ .. I \., man: 385

> . . . Seat and -





Back——





Covered in Best

R o y mi Leather

Look at the

picture: doesn’t

this Rockerlook

inviting with

its high, broad,

shapely bu c k

._ and deep roomy

spring seat'llt's

made to last

forever, and its

2 wide arms,sup-

ported by six

neatly turned

, smooth Epin-

dies. and mass-

ive frontcarved

posts, give it

, the exclusive-

_ neas and style

W that. cannot be had in any other rocker. Frame

thoroughly seasoned oak. high golden and gloss finish. Best;

quality Black Royal Leather; workmanship first-class. Pfice

but $3.85 makes it the biggest bargain ever offered. We

can afford such values because we own our '———

own timber lands, sawmills, factories

and salesrooms. Money back if it; is not

worth double. Send for our large FREE cash

catalogue of Furniture, Rugs, Curtains, etc. .—

Lonrn at once how much cheaper and better you can buy for

cash direct from the manufacturers. We save you all extra

profits. Write NOW; better still. enclose $3.85 for this com

fortnblo rocker. Order by number 6





70. Address: (11-1

Lincoln-Lennard &. 00., 3863 w. 37th Siraet, Chicago,





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





Bargalnfl





 





BIG

CATALOG

FREE





 





 





 





 





We Know





. who would be beautiful except for a

blotchy skin. You, too, can have a

beautiful complexion by using





HEISKELL’S OIN TMEN T





Cures Blotchy, Rough and Pimpied skin, Eczema.

Erysipelas, Tetter. Ulcers and all skin ailments.





Price 50c at all Drugfioh'

Send for sample and book. "Health and Beauty."





Jouusmu. Hounwn a ct, sat commence 81.. ruin, n.





 





 





 

 

 





Gives 500 candle power. Casts no shadow.

Costa 2 cents per week. Makes and burns

its own gas. Over 200 styles. Every lamp

warranted. No dirt. No odor. No grease.

Agents wanted. Write for catalog, now.





THE BEST UGHT C0.

280 E. 5th St.. Canton, 0.





CIDER PRESSES





The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Pru-

produces more cider from less

a les than anhother and is a.

lffG MONEY AKEB. Sizes

10 to 400 barrels daily. Also

cider evaporators, apple-

butter cookers. v negar

generators, etc.





 





 

   

 

   

 





A

I? HYDRA .

1 1 Lincoln An. It. Gilead. Ohio.





Please mention the Michigan farmer when

you are writing to advertisers.





 





 





‘ . «Mix-A
Howltliike a‘fllllnk',‘8ura





 





‘Gougllllemedy _





stop. Even Whooping Cough Quickly.

A Funny Supply Easily Mixed

at Home for 50¢.





 





 





If someone in your family has an ab

s'tinate, deep-seated cough—even whoop-

ing-cough—which has yielded slowly to

treatment invest 50 cents in this Pmcx

plan of ome-mixed cough syrup, and

watch that cough vanish. If it fails,

money back promptly, and no argument.



Get a. 50-cent bottle of Pinex and mix

it in 3. int bottle with home-made sugar

syru . his makes a full pint—a family

supp h—Of the most effective cough rem-

edy t at money can buy, at asavmg of

$2. Gives instant relief and W111 usually

wipe out a. bad cough in 2_4 hours or

less. The sugar syrup is easily made .by

mixing a pint of granulated sugar Wit

1/2 pint of warm water. and stirring for

2 minutes—no trouble at all.



Pinex cough syrup has a pleasant taste

——chi1dren take it willingly. It show-

lates the appetite and is slightly laxa-

tive—both good features. ' Splendidjor

croup, hoarseness, throat tickle, inelpicnt

lung troubles, and a. prompt, successful

remedy for whooping-cough.



Pinex is a special and highly concen<

trated com ound of Norway White Pine

extract. an is rich in gusiacol and other

elements which are so healing to the

membranes.



Pinex has often been imitated, but

never successfully, for nothing else will

produce the same results. The genuine

is guaranteed to give absolute satisfac-

tion, or money refunded. Your druggist

has Pinex, or will get it for you. If not,

send to The Pinex Co., 232 Main St, Ft.

Wayne, Ind.





$14fl 3i?





Dear Sirs :



I am pleased to

say that through a

friend of mine I

secured the oppor-

tunity of becoming

a traveling sales-

man for the Sagi-

naw Medicine Co.



I find that it is

a. money-making

proposition.as well

as pleasant work.

for it certainly

gives a man a satis-

fied feeling when

. he knows at'the

line of goods he is handling is securi g a lot

of good. warm friends for him all over his

territory.



To a greater or less extent I believe that

the line of goods I handle are responsible for

the cordial reception 1 receive wherever I go.

The goods give such good satisfaction that

the people are glad to see me come again so

that they can obtain another supply. All I

had to do was to introduce the goods on the

first trip and now they sell themselves.



The S. M. C0. PLAN. I find is the only

successful plan to do business and I think it

is complete. _ I also wish to add that the

Saginaw Medicine Company has proved to be

both hone-stand reliable.





VCYY truly yours, I. W. WRIGHT.





 





 





 





ITHE MICHIGAN LINE





Mr. Wright’s sales amounted to $954.10

in his first 65 days on the road. and he attri-

butes some of his success to the fact that he

was supplying the pea le of Michi an with a.

reliable line of iinusollol Ito-mm. Stile IIII Poultry

Remedies. Extracts. Spices and ‘lulloi Articles manu-

factured right here in the State of Michigan.

We want our line represented by a hustler in

Eaton. Lenawee. Kalamazoo, Barry.Jackson

and Branch Counties. Michigan.



If interested. write for terms. Don’t miss

this opportunity.





THE SAGINAW MEDICINE COMPANY





SAGINAW. HIGH.

Mention this paper.





 





 





 





 





 





 





pope QUAL'TY HAS NEVER BEEN ouEsnoNED

fliterywfiare salerfied





flurJe/Ytfiat the 010R CYCLE





0P M no superior

for a ll- ion/muse

P Cain/del- (/70 PRICE $1 6 5





   

 

 

 





 

 





 

   





' /- -I' with lmporied





7 Magneto





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 





 





, arm ’4





nu. as F" E I: ON Reno at.

SOAYOR COVCLI T licv'cu. CAT.‘ 4%





THE pop: Mrcféomanrronuconnusa.





 

       





 





 





WAGON SENSE





Don't break your back and kill your

horses with a high wheel wagon.

For oomiort's sake get an





. _' Electric Handy Wagon

It will save you time and money. A

net of Electric Steel Wheels will

make‘your old wagon new at small

cost. rite for catalogue. It is free.

,40kfoz'mm Calipers and Rule to measure

anemic! ‘ cola. Freeon r





Elam: “vim c... In 35. nun-emu.





 

 

 

 





a. little smaller of silk or linen, embroid-

er§d,tlfesebags ~make desirable hair-re-

ceivers. ‘L' -_





 





HUMAN 'WELF’ARE QUERIES.





 





Editr . Household ‘Départmentz—I have

got to put my baby‘ on a bottle.

do you ‘think of condensed milk as a

Iood?—Mrs. L.



Not very much, 'as it contains too much

sugar to bee. good food. Mothers who

use it point to their fat babies as a \proof

that the milk is all right, but the fattest

baby is not always the healthiest. Cow’s

milk is a much better food, and if prop-

erly modified the baby ought to take it.

If you must use canned milk it is better

to use one part condensed to two parts

evaporated as the latter is unsweetened.



Editor Household Department :—1\Iy

daughter has taken me to task for say-

ing “1 et my supper.” I say it is good

English and .she says I am wrong. Can

you help me, out in my side of the argu-

ment?=—Mary’s Father. "



No less a. poet than Tennyson used the

word “et.” though he spelled it “eat,” in

the following: '



“The island princes overbold

Have eat our substance."



The expression was very common in

literary English of an earlier period, and

is still much used in spoken English.

However, “I ate my supper,” or “I have

eaten my supper,” is considered better.

You might claim poetic license in yoxlr

argument.



Editor Household Departmentz—Should

I say, “The man was hung,” or “The man

was hanged?" “The picture was hung.”

or, “The picture was hanged?”



“'e use “hanged” in speaking of exe-

cutions, hence you should say “The man

was hanged,” but, “The picture was

hung.” .



Editor Household Department—My

husband wants me to cook more fresh

meat, and I do not know what to ask

for except steaks. I have only been mar-

ried three months, and my father or

mother always bought the meat. I am

ashamed to tell my husband how ignor—

ant I am. He is very fond of lamb and

mutton—Puzzled Bride.





Cheer up. You are by no means the

first bride Who didn‘t know how 10 buy

meat, and after you know what to ask for

it will be' many more weary months be~

fore you are sure you get what you ask

for and that your out of meat is a good

one. The usual cuts in lamb and mutton

are chops, stews and roasts. The chops

go by different names in differed! locali—

ties, but you are safe in asking for loin,

rib or French chops. They should be

broiled, or carefully trimmed, placed in

a hot iron frying pan, or spider, and

turned as soon as one side sears. Cook

them this way for five or six minutes,

turning every minute to avoid burning.

Lamb for roastingis usually the leg. The

white outside skin should be removed, the

meat washed with a cloth wrung out of

cold water, and placed in a hot oven in

the roaster. In 15 or 20 minutes dredge

with flour, pepper and salt and baste with

pork fat drippings. You say you do ask

for steaks, so probably know that the

principal steaks are portcrhouse, sirloin

and round. Pork chops or veal chops or

cutlets breaded, bacon. smoked or fresh

ham all offer changes in meals to fry. in

buying pork chops ask for loin chops.

These will have a good-sized clear piece

of lean with fat around the edge. while

shoulder chops are streaked with fat and

gristle.



Editor Household Department—Being

a subscriber for the Michigan Farmer I

would like to ask through the W'l'nnen’s

department, a few recipes for making

plain cakes without eggs or milk, and

where baking powder and soda is used

separately—L. H. M.





The only recipes I have for cakes with-

out eggs or milk are for cakes where mo-

lasses is used, and I hardly think this is

what you mean. However. I will print

them. I am afraid a white cake without

either eggs or milk would not be much

of a success.



Coffee Cake Without Eggs.



Two cups molasses, one cup butter. one

cup sugar, one cup strong, cold coffee, one

cup chopped raisins, two teaspoons of

soda. six cups flour, one tablespoon each

of ground cloves, allspice and cinnamon.





Soft Gingerbread.



One and a half cups brown sugar, one

and a half cups molasses, half cup buf—

ter, one cup cold water, teaspoon ginger,

teaspoon of soda, three and a half cups

flour.



Small Spice Cakes.





‘To one cupful of molasses add one tea-

spoonful of soda. dissolved in a cupful of

boiling water, two tablespoonfuls of melt-

ed butter, one teaspooni’ul of cinnamon,

one-fourth teaspoon of cloves, mace, salt

and three cups of flour. Beat until





 





What _





-THEMICHIGAN FAnMBm





smooth and bake in gem tins in a model

erate oven. ' '



In the following recipe for white cake--

without eggs I suppose you could subsliw

tute one cup of cold water for the milk

but I do not think the results would be

very satisfactory.





One cup of sugar creamed, with three?

rounding tablespoons of butter. One cup“

of sweet milk, tWO cups of flour and two

teaspoons of baking-powder. ,



“’ould like to have someone tell me.l

through ihe columns of the Michigan‘

Farmer, how to make a good home-made

ionic and blood purifier.—-—J. M. Wurm,

Route 6, Holland, Mich.





HOW I SECURED TWO PRETTY CAN--

DLESTICKS.





BY nus. A. M.



My friend bought a heavy glass candle-

stick, ornamented with a row of glass

pendants, or prisms, around the top, cost--

ing $1.50; In my attic was the discarded

shade from a hanging lamp with a row of





White Cake Without Eggs. {





f '1





 





lhose same glass pendants entirely around

it, and I conceived the idea of utilizingr

them in making a duplicate of her can-f

dlestick. I had a linsmiih cut a piece of;

tin three and one-half inches in diameter.





l

l





!





 





 





llc also punched ten small bores equal

distances apart around the edge and cu!

a round hole in the middle big enough to

admit :1 candle. I bought a plain glass

candlestick, placed the piece of tin on lop

of it, inst-med a candle to steady it, then,

one by one, unhooked ten pendants from,





the lamp shade and hung them in the





holes made by the tinner. The pendants

were already hung on wire and the task

occupied but a few moments. I now have

two of those pretty candlesticks at about

one-third the usual price.





 





BREAD AND BREAD MAKING.





 





Her hearers were impressed with the

necessity of using good llour in the mak-

ing of bread. a: the opening of the ad-

dress by Mrs. C. \V, li‘oulk. of the Uni-

versity of Ohio. who spoke before the

\Vomeu's (‘ougn-ss at the recent Round-

l'p Institute held at Lansing. She stated

ihat \x'oslr-rn flours are generally under-

stood to be superior, but did not see Why

Illichigan housewives should not make

use of flour from wheat raised in the

stale.



There are two kinds of flours classified

from the standpoint of the person who

bukvs: they are pastry flour and bread

flour. If one is not in a position to have

both kinds it is bcst to secure the bread

Ilour for the other kind can be made from

the bread flour by the addition of a little

corn starch and sugar. No attempt

should be made to build a good loaf of

bread out of flour made for pastry baking,



Again. flour may be classified into white

flour, graham llour and whole wheat

flour. The two latter are very good to

use, but they have in some regards been]





 

 





 





overestimated as to nutritive value. For

a well person who hus a good digestive

SYStem that can cure fm' lhc coarser iu-i

digestible fibre present in the unbolted

kinds of Hours, ihcy are all right and

give a maximum of food value from the

wheat used in the manufacture. of the

produci: but for a person with a weak

stomach it has been satisfactorily dem-

Cnstraied in the laboratory that more of

the white flour bread is digestible and

that it creates less irritatiOn to the stom-

ach and other digestive organs. White

wheat bread is especially fitted for dys-

peptic-s, although the contrary has been

the general belief of laymen-





Yeast—She proceeded next to explain

that the yeast used in the manufacture

of bread is a plant that grows when the

condition of temperature, food and moist-

ure for its development, are provided.

The quality of the bread largely depends

up0n the yeast and its growth. There

are three classes of yeasts used by house-

wives in‘ the making of bread. They are





 





 





Rich, level land





— $6 per acre!





G. W. Myers 8: Son, formerly of Litch-

field, 111., wentdown near Ford ce, Ark.,

and boughttor$6 per acrelan that beat

his $150 Illinois land. They are rais-

ing fine crops of corn, milo, peanuts,

potatoes, etc. Mr. Myers says that he

likes this country because the climate is

better and the land is easier to work.





Maybe you couldn’t buy it quite that low

now—land values have been gomg up in

leaps lately—but, with your knowledge

of farm values, you would be surprised

at the bargains you can buy along the





Cotton Belt Route

in Arkansas and Texas





Improved farms such as a man of small

means couldn’t touch in the older States

can be had in that country for $2,000 to

$3,000. A man can actually buy 160 acre

farms at many points there for what he

would have to advance for rent on some





Illinois or Iowa farm.



There are many sections in Arkansas and

Texas that are just suited for your line of

farming—where you can buy many ”acres

with the price of every one you now own—

get the benefit of the big boost in land values

sure to come—liveiu a mild climate where you

can do money making work every month—

without sacrificing anything in living condl<

tions that you now have. ’1 clephoncs, good

schools. rural delivery. modern towns, close

markets—you’ll iiud them all through Arkan-

sas and East Texas.





On the lst and 3rd Tuesdays of each month

the re are vcrylow round trip excursions to

Arkansas and East Texas via Cotton Belt

Route, allowing 25 days for trip andfree

stop overs. Plan to go on the next one.





Get our free books today!





(new) —they show examples of successes in

Arkansas and Texas in your line of farming—

by people from many states—come of them

likely from your own State. Nothing will con-

vince you like these statements from “home

folks." Scores of illustrations.

Write for free copies today.





. E. W. LnBEAUME,

or. a 11»... su. & S.W.Ry.

l 434 PM“ 31118.. St. Louis





Why Ilenl a Farm





and be compelled to Day to your landlord most or

your hard-earned profits! Own your own



term. Secures Free Homestead in

Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Al-

berta. or purchase land in one

of these districts and bank a

profit hom$10.00 to $12.00

an acre every year.



Land purchased three years

ago at “0.00 an acre has recently

changed hands at $25.00 an acre.

The crops grown on these lands

warrant the advance. You can





Become Rich





bycattie raising.dalryinz. mixed form-

ing and grain growlnz in the Provinces

of Manitoba. Saskatchewan and

Alberta in Western Canada.



Free homestead and pre-emption

argasx.nsdwell as land held by railway

an on companies, will rovid

homes for millions. D e



Adaptable solidiealthful climate.

splendid schools and churches and

320d railways.



‘05 settlers‘ rates. descriptive litera-

ture t Best West." how to reach the

Eggnttryéalnd other; partbculars, write to



0 mm are. ion. ttawa, ‘

or to the Canadian Gov’t Agent. Canada.





.- W. C. McINNES,

146 Jefferson Ave... Detroit. Mich.

RIER





 

   





 





. . A

Marquette. Mich.





,‘ SAVED ON

55 runs srvusn

A .



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cost a i don i t eszcta-

0 6C In



ragga 311‘ d anew"? From °”

u:





 





 





 





 





1, l I

= muuttr “can”. m WANB. .an

new» SolidGoldWItah Anni

, - chenille!





$78!: » RINOI





 

 





“Evy-nun“!

at will In In. Din-M Dill-g

ly h” of dbl high

I m postcards It 10¢





33.“. “mar“:

Mango-u Mahmud-39's 3&3 moo





th M1 11

MENTWN in: m°oéi‘fa5:’nfih‘3"'“ "m"
372 (28)





“WHAT SHALL WE EAT?"—CONTIN-

UED.





13v MILDRED. :11. NORTH.

There’s oft a truth that’s said in jest,

And many facts in fancies drest,

So now please listen to my rhyme

That goes back “Once upon a time.i”





You all remember one “Jack Spratt,”

\Vho. jingle says, “could eat no fat.”

And just as well you ken “his wife”

“’ho ate “no lean” through all her life.

You recollect there was no waste



Of food upon their table placed;



Each one was pleased and ate his fill,

Nor do we learn they suffered ill.





My netighbor Hans eats sauerkraut—

He‘s big and biawny, hale and smut,

He sausage eats and roast pork too,

And he a big day’ 5 work can do

Now I like pork and saue1kraul



And so do you, without a doubt,



But I can’t eat them thrice a day

Like neighbor llans across the way.





But I’Ve my likes as well as he,



I like my good Scotch "dich (1‘ tea.”

And many things, without a doubt,

That from Ilan’s list are counted out.

Yet Hans and I will both be wise



If well our food We “Fletcherize.”

Since we are well, now who can say

That Hans had bettex eat my way?

Jack Spratt did not his wife berate

For eating fat from off the plate



No1 are we told that .‘lacks good- wife

Derided him tl1ioughout his life





For some may eat what other's shun;

There's no fixed rule for everyone.





 





 





liquid yeasts, dry yeasts and compressed

yeasts. A goodly number of women use

the liquid yeasts. They are made with a

starter. To get good bread these yeasts

should be fresh: two weeks is the longest

one should keep them when expecting to

have. every batch of bread good. Dry

yeasts are generally to be recommended

above the liquid type: but the speaker

was ’most favorable to the compressed

kind. These are less likely to be con—

taminatcd. being wrapped in tinfoil. (‘are

should be exercised that they be fresh

and sweet. Yeasts thrive best on sugar

and for this reason the speaker advised

the addition of salt last in the mixing of

the bread instead of earlier as it arrested

in part the action of the yeast plant.





Mixing—Two methods of making bread

exist among our farmer women. They

art; known as the short and long meth—

ods. By the former method the bread is

scrim. it}? morning and finished the same

day. The long method requires that the

“read he set in the evening and finished

11..~ following day. The long method rc-

qnires less yeast.) The spe-aker did not

approve of this method. Many women





who follow it get up in the middle of the.





night to mix the dough. This is wholly

unnecessary and should be abandoned for

the shorter way .\s indicated above, tht'

short way of talking bread demands the

use of a larger amount of yeast. To

learn how much yeast could be added

vithout producing a noticeable flavor in

the bread, experiments were tried in the

cooking department of the University of

Hhio where it was found that seven yeast

cakes to one; loaf of bread did not impair

the quality of the resulting loaf. Hence

one should not fear to get too much of

the yeast mixed with the flour. )Irs.

Foulk stated that they were able to finish

their bread by following the short method

in from three to four hours.





A comfortable living—rerun is suited to

the raising of bread. The temperature,

however, should be even and no cold

drafts be allowed to strike the container

of the dough. Often sour bread results

front keeping the bread in a too warm

l‘tltllll.



Brt-ad should not be kneaded too long.

Long kneading makes :1 white loaf but it

is not the best flavored. Then. too, the

finest loaves are those baked in small

tins. it has been observed by tho speak-

er that not a single contestant who baked

bread in large double tins won in con—

tests over those who used the small tins.

The loaves baked in the small single tins

are sure to be baked better, and other

things being equal are certain to be fav—

orde over those made in the larger tins.



The bread should be allowed to rise

until it is double‘the original bulk and

then worked down again. If it is per—

mitted to rise more than this the second

rising is apt to be slow and consequently

give inferior results. By mixing when

double the first bulk one gets a desirable

action from the yeast again. She ad-

vised but the two mixings.



Baking—The oven should be at such a.

heat when the bread is put in that a piece

of unglazed paper will be browned in four

minutes. Place the bread and then in—

crease the heat during the next ten min-

utes when the bread will stop rising. In

the second ten minutes the loaves should

become a rich golden brown. After this

the heat should be gradually diminished.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





Leave the bread in from 40 to 60 min-

utes. It. is better to have it over- -done

than not quite done. Loaves without a

rich browa crust should be avoided, they

are not fit for eating. If one does not

like the crust cut it off. This point was

emphasized by the speaker, who stated

that much ill-health results from the

poorly baked bread that is eaten in this

country.



After baking, the bread should be taken

from the oven and pan, laid upon a clean

white cloth, but not covered, and allowed

to remain until cooled.



The question of the use of bread mix-

ers was raised and the speaker stated

that they were all right for the beginner

but the older women who had learned to

make bread by hand—mixing found that

they could not determine so well when

the bread was mixed to the proper con-

sistency. These women seem to know by

feeling when to stop mixing.



The address was closed with a. sug—

gestive recipe for the making of good

bread. The following ingredients were

given:



One cake of compressed yeast; one pint

water and. one pint of milk heated to

scalding point and cooled; two tablespoon-

fuls of sugar; two tablespoonfuls of lard

or butter, melted; three quarts of sifted

floor; one tablespoonful of salt.



Dissolve the yeast and the sugar in the

liquid (water and milk), add the lard or

butter (shortening), and one-half of the

amount of flour. Next beat with a spoon

until smooth. This is for the purpose of

working air into the dough for the yeast

to feed upon. Add balance of flour or

enough to make a dough that can be

handled. Add the salt last for the reason

mentioned above. Knead until smooth

and elastic. Place in a greased bowl,

cover and set aside where the tempera-

ture will be suitable and allow to stand

until it doubles in bulk. Then mold into

loaves, place in well-greased bread pans

of small size, filling half full. Bake from

40 to (30 minutes. You may use two cakes

of yeast instead of the one. This bread

can be made in three hours. Where dry

yeast is used make in the same manner

except that the yeast must be first dis~

solved.



The attractive manner in which Mrs.

Foulks presented her theme and her thor-

ough acquaintance with the subject made

this a most pleasing number of the pro—

gram of the women’s congress.



MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.



These patterns may be obtained from

the Michigan Farmer oflice at the prices

named. Be sure. to give pattern number

and the size wanted.





 





 





 





 





 





No. 5409, Ladies' 24 Inch Length Coat.

Cut in 0 sizes, 32 to 42 inches bust meas-

ure. Size 36 requires 21,11, yards 44 inches

Wide. Price, 10 cents.



No, 4658, Ladies’ Apron. Three sizes,

small, medium and large. For medium

size it requires 35 8 yards 27 inches wide

Irice, 10 cents.



No. 4998, Boys’ Russian Suit. Three

sizes, 2, 4 and 6 years. For 4 years it

requires 3 yards 36 inches wide. Price.

10 cents.



No. 5366, Ladies’ Nine-gored Skirt. Cut

in sizes 22 to 32 inches, waist measure.

Size 24 measures 3% Yards around lower

edge and requires 3% yards 44 inches

wide. Price, 10 cents.



No. 5379, Girls' Dress Closed at Back.

Cut in sizes 6, 8, 10 and 12 years. The

8-year size requires 2% Yards of 36-inch

material, 1,4 yard 18-inch all-over. Price,

10 cents.





   





Settlers-Save money 4





by going to CANADA

via Duluth and Ft. Frances





For the convemence of settlers going to Canada this spring, the Cana-





dian Northern Railway has declared a Settlers’ Special Rate on sale

daily March 19th to April 301b, 1912. Under this arrangement you can save money to

any destination in Western Canada. You can use any Railway to Duluth at which

omt ou can obtain the “Settlers’ Special Low Rate Ticket. ” Compare the rates

isted clow with those quoted over any other route and you will note the big saving.





FROM

TO Chicuo Grand Rapids Kansas City Omaha Dec Maine. St. Paul

Kamsack $18.60 . $23. 05 $19. 30 $18.15

N. Battleford 21.55 25.10 21.10

Regina. 20.85 . 25. 30 . 20.40

Saskatoon 20.85 . . . 20.40

Prince Albert 21.25 . . . 20.80





Rates from and to other points proportionately low.





EE Write for Settlen’ Guide and see how much we can save you in dollars

FR and cents for each member of your party—it’ s a worth-while saving. 1,

Simply drop us a post-card stating destination and say: “ ‘Send Settleu' Guide. " .





Special to Homeseekers—IZS, 000 Farms FREE





The Dominion Government is now distributing 125, 000 homesteads of

f’ 160 acres each. All of these rich whleat farms are along or near the

Canadian Northern Railway. Special Homeseekers‘ Return

Tickets good for twenty- -five days with atop-over privileges at all points

going or coming. Save money by arranging your route via the

Canadian Northern Railway. You can travel from 1550 to 2110 miles through the richest

wheat country, invostigating all sections without extra expense.





Homemaker: Guide gives full particulars of the location and free homesteads,

cscriptlon of soil, etc. Write today. Special Note. For those whowam speci-

Illy selected ”lands. the Canadian Northern Railway Land Department has over

one million acres at low prices which have been



chosen by experts. Read all about this In our new



booklet, The Bread Basket of the Wotld"-it'|





‘ /!rec for the asking. '

[Canadian Northern Railway.





F A. YOUNG, Com’lAgent,

66 \V. Adams St., Chicago.





I





. NORTHERN

I





 





400 styles—30 days’ free trial You can’t make a mistake by paying fan





_ tory price. 200, 000' in use today It’ S the

and 360 days approval quality stove, the KALAMAZOO.





3' choose our st 1e

30 Days -—pay {agiory price FaCtOI'y Price 300k





' ’ Factory prices on cook stoves ranges, heating

FREE —no more' If It S stoves gns stoves and furnaces. Ever stove





not the bigE‘ESt stove shipped same day order is received. ur fac-

value you ever saw, send tory prices willo 052811 your eyes on the real cost

it back, we pay freight of a stove. 8811 for this Free Factory Price

both ways __ you won’t Book Nth. 113 today.

risk a penny. KALAMAZOO STOVE (30., MRS.





H“ Kalamazoo. Mich.

Save $5 to $40 AKalamazo o 32:

. Cash or Credit Dire Ct t oYou‘SOVgs





till}. Milli!" E $1.9.





Automatic Tension ReleaseuAutomafic Lift

Drop Headn-High ArmanK or Walnut Table.





We Pay the Freight

21?...90 Days’ Trial





Our new model, im-

proved Mich. Farmer sew-

ing machine has cam

thread take up, giving

better control of the

thread and making a. bet-

ter stitch than any other

arrangement. Running it

backwards will not break

the thread. It has high-

est arm, disc tension au—

tomatic bobbin winder

with loose band wheel,

high lift for heavy work.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





All.





 

   

 





MODERN 1

IMPROVE 3 Guaranteed for

MENTSI ~ Ball-Bearing 20 YEARS.



' Steel Pitman and money refunded if not satis-

factory aftcr 90 days’ trial. Com-

plete attachments, accessories



COMPLETE and illustrated book free. We

guarantee this machine to be

IN EVERY first-class in every particular,

handsome in appearance and

RESPECT. equal to any machine made.





 





 





 





Same machine without the au-

tomatic Lift for only $18.





Good. 'Machines as low as $12.





For $7 extrfa. will send the $19 machine with automatic lift in a. hand-

some cabinet rame.



We prepay freight to any freight station east of the Mississippi River, or

BOUth t0 Tennesse .You cannot afford to buy a machine until you have

sent 101' 0“? handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detrolt, Mlch.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you





 





are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor. 1'





 





 





\' a;





. «flaw ‘ -‘
‘ \‘v





@OME IPHDYOU





 

 

 





 





m...- 23. 1912.





 





.4--—,..





. . .4

AAAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANA





 





* ‘A5WINTER’S EXPERIENCE.





 





BY MAUDE M. WAGNER,





It was such a. snowy blustery day that

only a few members of the Concord Em-

broidery Circle were present, and for once

neighborhood news took second place in

favor of weather discussions. .



“It seems to me that this is the coldest

winter 1 can remember," said Mrs. Bell.

“We never had such a time trying to

keep warm, and there’s snow, snow ev-

erywhere. I had a terrible time just com-

ing across the street.”



“Yes, and just think what it must be in

the country,” said the hostess. “Harry

drove over to Rankin’s Corners yesterday

and tipped over twice in the drifts, and

it’s been snowing and blowing more since

then.” ‘



“Mrs. Benton, haven’t I heard you say

that when you taught school in the coun‘

try you drove from home all winter,"





,queried Mrs. Ross of a young woman

sewing by the window. “Did you ever





experience any weather equal to this?"



“I believe you are a mind reader,” gay-

ly answered Mrs. Benton. “I was just

thinking of a day much like this, only I

believe it was even worse. I remember

that I did not call, school until eleven

o’clock, and considered myself lucky at

that.”



“That sounds interesting. Tell us about

it, won’t you?” implored a chorus of

Voices. - '



“\Vell,” said the ex-teacher, folding up

her sewing and gazing at the blizzard

outside, “to begin with, there was plenty

of snow for 'co‘nvenienCe the night before

when I drove home from school, and just

before dark u commenced again. much

as it is doing now. ‘I think I‘ll have to

escort you to school in the morning with

the team and sleigh if this keeps up all

night,’ said my father, coming in with

the milk, his face as red as a beet and

his clothes covered with snow: making

him a pretty fair edition of Santa Claus.



“‘I should thing so,’ said my mother.

‘If this had only begun before school was

out so you would not have ventured home

tonight.’ . . ‘



“ ‘Oh, well, I guess we’ll make it; don’t

cross the bridge until you come to it,

mother.’ sang out my father as he start-

ed the separator, and the subject was

dropped.



“The next morning, however, it came

up again in a different light. One of the

horses of the sturdy team was so lame

that he could hardly put his foot to the

ground. It was clear that he could not

be used so my father said he would go

part way with me at least. and see how

the roads were. Instead of a cutter my

rig consisted of a buggy box mounted on

light runners. It was much safer than a

cutter because it was not so ‘tippy.’ The

roads were drifted full but we found only

one real bad place in the first mile. As

I thought the worst places had been

passed 1 insisted on going the remainder

of. the way alone. After some demurring,

father consented and turned back, while

I slowly plowed my way onward. I had

two miles yet to go but, while it was diffi—

cult and slow traveling for the horse, I

got along finely until only a little way

from the schoolhouse. There, to my dis-

may, I saw that the snow was even with

the fence tops. There was no chance to

turn out into a. field, and I couldn’t go

back. Clearly, I could take my choice of

staying where I was or making an at—

tempt to get through the drift. I man—

aged to get about half way when, after

a series of plunges and struggles, the

horse stopped stock still. I tried to urge

him' on with voice and whip but, after

struggling on a few feet, he stopped again

and no amount of persuasion could make

him go farther. I was plainly stuck.



“I had a shovel and had determined to

get out and see what I could do when I

heard a shout. 'Two of the neighboring

men had seen my predicament and Were

coming to my rescue. They told me to

bundle up and keep warm and they

would soon have me out, so I tied the

lines together, put them over my head,

nestled my hands in my muff, and wait-

ed. They soon had a road dug and trod-

den out and one of them steadied the ve-

hicle while the other shouted at the horse.





'What happened next didn't take half the





time that it does to tell it. The faithful

beast gave a hinge ahead; the whiffle-

tree broke“ the horse fell forward upon

his knees, and I, with the lines about my

shoulders, was jerked over the dashboard.

landing ignomlnously in the snow. It





arriving there without accident. That





.have only a little way to go and no dash—





   





'





horse did net kick: After the men hath

helped me Scramble out of my dangerous:

position they laughed and so did I. I

think ‘I must have looked like the clowu;

tumbling off .the trapeze. ‘



“By the united efforts of all three we

got the outfit to the schoolhouse safely;

the men took the rig on to the barn. and

I went intoyt e schoolhouse. The janitor

had a roarilf ' fire and I soon got the chill

out of my fingers and toes, but as it was

then ten o’clock and no pupils had ar-

rived I began to think I might as well:

have stayed at home. Before long, how-j

ever, *the three largest boys could be seenl

plunging through the drifts dOWn thel

road; then a big girl on horseback came;

from another direction, and finally a small 5

girl from across the road riding gleefully

on her father‘s back. Out of my‘twentyg

live pupils this seemed to be all that were

comingso I called school. We were at

the organ, making a rather feeble effort

at singing, when one of the boys called‘

my attention to a small red object strug< ‘

giing through the drifts down the road,

“'e knew it must be Carmen, a little sev- E

en~year-old living a short distance away,‘

and wondered at her mother letting her"

start out alone. ‘She’s gritty, all right];

said one of the boys, but another replied;

‘I guess she's having a pretty hard time.’:

So she- seemed to be, for she suddenly‘

disappeared altogether. When she

emerged She stood with both arms up to

her face, plainly sobbing.



“‘Aw. say, teacher, may we go after

her?’ came simultaneously from the- boys.

‘Surely,’ I answered, and away they.

rushed, soon returning with the child.

tear—stained and half-frozen, but trium-

tearstained and half-frozen, but tri-

umphant in reaching school at last.



“I had a quiet school that day. The

children all occupied the seats close to

the stove and I heard classes there also;‘

by doing so We managed to keep com-

fortably warm. About one o’clock the

snow began to fall again and the wind;

blew a perfect gale; by four we could not

see to the road for the driving snow.

Even the hardy boys shook their heads

at the prospect of going home, and it did

not seem probable that any of the parents

could make their way to the schoolhouse. ‘



“ ‘My papa will come,’ said the smallestl

girl, ’cause he just lives across the road,‘3

and sure enough we heard him $tamping.

on the porch. ‘ J



“ ‘Whew!’ he exclaimed as soon as hef

could get his breath. ‘You seem prettyi

comfortable in here and I guess you’ll:

have to stay. I’ve had a telephone mes—l



l





sage from all of your folks saying that

you'd better stay here tonight as it's im-

possible to get the teams out. I think

you had better come over to our house,

though. Guess we can find room for you‘

somewhere, and these here seats don’t

look like very comfortable bunks. I think?

maybe you can make out to get across}

the road if you all hang together.’ 1



“We felt that it was very kind of him,

but we knew their house was small and;

there were two children besides the little'

girl in school, so the boys said they

would bring blankets and robes from the

barn and stay in the schoolhouse. The

remainder of us plowed our way across

the road. where we had a good supper

and a comfortable bed.



“In the morning the weather had clear- l

ed. As it was Saturday the children's‘

parents soon broke their way through the,

drifts and took the youngsters home. I

waited until afternoon when the roads

had been made passable. Then, with my:

whiffletree repaired, I set out for home,





was the end of my driving that winter,

though. I boarded near the schoolhouse

until the end of the winter term and the

beginning of better weather.”



“Well, I should have thought you

would,” said Mrs. Bell.



“Aren't you glad you‘ve a husband to

take care of you so you don’t have to‘

teach school any more?” laughed Mrs.

Ross.



“Oh, sure! and I think it’s time I hur-

ried home and got supper going; see, it’s

nearly dark.”



“Me, too,” and “So must I” chorused

all the members. “And let’s be glad we





boards to tumble over,” sang out little

Mrs. Miller as the company rapidly dis-

persed along the snowy streets.





Little Stories of England. By Maude

Barrows Dutton, author of Little Stories

of France, Little Stories of Germany, etc.

This book for supplementary reading in

the upper grammar grades is the latest

addition to the well-known and popular

series of Eclectic Readings. Cloth, 12mo,

256 pages, with illustrations. Price, 40

cents. American Book Company, Chicago.





 





 





- and turning out thousands of perfect pieces. I sell them direct to the user, saving





. engines not as 00d as ours in curload lots for spot cash.





1 send it anywhere in the U. 8. without. an expert to inexpe-





: made regardless of price, of a similar h. p. that sells for





was nice and , soft, 'of'vcourse; ' and Ithel





 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





‘ Mo derniiVi‘ew;

-o, .thehqofingmesfion





a roofing that can be left out in the

rain Wit out the slightest damage.





QanYaS makes agood ”Of zfyou The wearing surface is mineral

PM?“ it. ‘ matter embedded into a bee



Any felt makes a good roof ’Lf coating of pitch and never nee

you. pamt ’Lt. painting.





_ Even paper makes a good roof We shall be glad to send you a

if you pamt “5- sample of Amatite free of charge

But Amatite makes a good roof if you. will send a postal request

if you DON’ T paint it. for it to our nearest office. The

On a painted roof, the paint is 93.me W1“ “9‘” .you what the

what gives the real protection. mineral surface ‘8 “ke-

The rest of it has no function . . .

except to rovide a smooth un- EverJet Elastic Paint

broken sur ace with no scams or A lustrous carbon black paint, very

cracks, to which the paint can be Cheap, very durable—for protecting all

applied. Anything which has kinds of metal and wood work.

stren th enough to eep the Wind

from lowing it away or the rain

from beating it in, will be’ water-

proof if you use paint enough.





Amatite Roofing, however, needs

no painting. It is arealroofing—





Tin makes a. good roof ifyou

paint it.





Barrett Manufacturing Company

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston

5!. Louis Cleveland

Pittsburg Cincinnati (9’96

Kansas City Minneapolil





New Orlcann Seattle

kudos. England





 





SAV





On a Gasoline Engine According To Size

Ranging From Our Famous 12". P. Pumping Engine Up To 15 H. P.





Buy from a real engine factory, save dealer, jobber and catalog house profits.

No such offer as I make on the class of engines I soil has ever been made before in all gasoline engine history.

Here is the secret and reason: I turn them out all alike by the thousands in my enormous modern factories

equipped with automatic machinery, one man running as high as six machines at». time





 





all middlemen’s profits and actually sell the very highest grade engine on thirty days’

free trial for loss money than some factories can make them at actual ilrst shop cost.





I absolutely and positively save you from 850 to



I .300 on a. gasoline engine that will exactly



meet your requirements, no matter how



~ _ large or how small.

All you pay for is actual cost of material. (and I buy in tremendous quan-

tities) cost of labor and one small profit based on large output. .



Anybody can afford and might just as well have a. strictly high grade engine

when he can get in on a wholesale deal of this kind. I know what I am talking

about. Ilmve beena. dealer,a jobber. a salesman. I started in at the bot—

tom of this engine business, and I am giving you the truth when I tell

you that our price is lower than dealers and jobbcrs are today buying





 





‘Il





/ l

Sill .

‘. I ll





 





   

   





This I abso utely know, and I cordially invite you or anybody

to inspect our factories and make the comparisons for absolute r“

proof. We simply have to make our engine so good, for we Don't let

them fool you





rionced users on 30 days’ free trial. to test against any engine

"e. for high prlcn.





Get Galloway’s Biggest and

Best Free Gasoline Engine Book

Write for it today while you think of it. It is in

four colors, 50 pa es; pictures our engines, fac-

torics, and contains hundreds of letters and pictures

from actual photo mphs of our engine in use in every

state in the Union. tfit’s full of valuable information.

The proof of the pudding is in the outing of it.



You are throwing money away ifyou pay more fora. gasoline

engine than I charge you. Save that money or use it for some-

thing else. I positively and absolutely can save you from 060

.. , to £300, according to size you want. I invite you to get our

4. 4:. . catalog and make comparisons. WM. GALLOWAY, Pres.,





NIL, GALLOWAY co. 645AP6alloway station. Waterloo, Iowa





We will ship you a.

I D vs FREE TRIAL ..

mu t on 39an in!!!





0 any ace in the United States mthout a cent deposit at advance, and

: liow ten days rec trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in every

5 way and is not. all or more than we claim for it. and a. better bicycle than you can get:

anywhere else regardless of price. or if for any reason whatever you do not. wish to

keep it. ship it. back to us at. our expense for freight. and you will not be out one cent.

'- w F‘c‘l' BY pn'c s We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from

factory to rider at lower prices than any other

ouoe. euve you 10 to m d io-men‘s profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models

with Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains. pedals. etc" at flees no bilhel' than

:_ ‘ cheap mail order bicycles: also reliable medium grade models at un card of low prices.

‘ . “WE“ AGENTS "A“TE in each town and district to ride and exhibit I

sample 1912 "Ranger" Bicycle furnished by us.

. You will be astonished at the wonderfully low Prices we the liberal pro sltions

“1618900181 offer we will live on the first 1912 sample going to your town. rite at.

once for our special oler. no NOT BUY 3 bicycle or a. pair of tires from anyone at

:7; silt-’8' ugélkigikgecgig: $1: coltlnlocugiand learn:l our low prices and imam: gang's-

3:: so our cycles un or our own name in a. on 9

gig prices. Orders filled the day neelved. oucono "Ago BICYCLIC-R limited num-

88 each. Descriptive mailed a“,

rear wheels. inner tubes. hm . 0mm. . m

“Eggs CGISTEn-BRIKE everything in the bicycle intention?“ usual mm NOT

. ”I: write todu for our Largo t beautifully illustrated and containing a not fund of

information. I only costs. postal to lot eve thin . WRI'FI IT now.





taken in trade by our logo retail stores will be closed out at once. at 33 ‘0

interest stutter useful

MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. A-77.





twice as much, and are willing to let the man who

tries it be thejudge. Don’t buy an engine ofuny make

at any price until you get our beautiful 60 page en-

gine book. Why not sell one of your poorest

orses and buy our famous full 5 h. p. Galloway.

‘9'?“ ’





H: ‘r 7“:

GALLO WAY '

..5'."’.‘:"-.- In]





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





u





 

 





i.~.





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





”231nm

0a





CH C GO, ILL.
«Y ‘1‘!





374 ' <30)





That night I drove over to Red Mur-

dock’s to learn the result of the opera—

tion on Belle. It was about nine-thirty

o’clock when Doctor Goldthorp and Doc-

tor Raison drove into the yard; and for

two hours the three doctors and the nurse

were shut up in the room alone with the

sick woman, while I sat with little Joey

in the kitchen. At the end of that time

the. door opened and Doctor Goldthorp

came out. »



“Has—has th’ New York doctor cured

Belle? VVill—will she get well?” and lit-

tle Joey, a great hope shining through

his tears, jumped from his chair and hur-

ried to the doctor‘s side. At the same

moment I stood in front of Doctor Gold-

thorp; and my white face must have told

the keen anxiety with which I, awaited

his answer. >



“\Ve hope for the best,” and the old

doctor rested one hand lovingly on the'

boy's head. “Doctor Raison pronounces

the operation a success, and says that the

patient will recover, if she has strength

to overcome that dose of opium. Now,

you must be a brave little man, for sis-

ter’s sake, and keep perfectly quiet. The

least noise might make her worse. Delvin,

a word with you,” and he led the way

to a corner of the room.



“Is she conscious, doctor? Is she con-

scious?"



“I‘Ve hardly know. licr body is in such

an exhausted condition that it is impos-

sible to tell at present. “'hat she needs

now is absolute quiet and rest. Doctor

Itaison’s orders are positive. She must.

not be disturbed for twenty—four hours;

and, during that time, no one but the

nurse and Doctor Anderson and I is

under any circumstances to be admitted

to the room. Delvin, Doctor Raiso‘n has

been asking some very pointed questions

about that overdose of opium. His suspi-

cions have been aroused; and he told

Doctor Anderson and me very plainly

that the one who gave her that opium

would be responsible for her death, if

she died, and that it is our business to

find out exactly under what circumstan-

ces the drug was given her. I am

afraid I am doing wrong in keeping the

information I have from the authorities;

but, good God, I can’t believe Elsie La-

mont guilty of such a crime!”



“You’d be a brute. if you did,” I an-

swered angrily. “Now, look here. Doctor

('ioldthorp, you are an old man, but in

this matter you are acting like a child.

Elsie Lamont never gave Belle Murdock

that opium. (if this you can rest assured.

"\Ve can come pretty near telling who

did give it to her; but it will not do to

make a mistake. “'e must know some-

thing positive before we accuse anyone.

Now, I want you to stay with Belle every

moment possible, and to send for me the

instant she is conscious and can stand

talking. It is more than a matter of life

and death; it is a matter of life’s happi-

ness or misery. XVill you promise me

this. doctor?”



“Delvin, there is more back of all this

than you are willing to tell me,” and

the good man looked at me, a bit re-

proachfully, straight in the eyes; “but I

have known you from the day you were

born. and I never knew you to do a dis—

honorable thing; and I am going to trust

you in this. I will do as you ask. You

shall be sent for the moment Belle is con-

scious and strong enough to see you.

Doctor ltaison must return to New York

at once. Doctor Anderson will take him

to the station. 1 will remain with Belle.

Now, you had better go home. You need

sleep and rest, you need it badly, Delvin.

I must return to the sick room. Good-

night," and with a warm and sympathetic

handshake he: left me.



I started at once for home, more dc-

pressed and hopeless than I had been at

any time before. It was now a few min,

utes of twelve o’clock, Friday night. El-

sie was to be married at ten o’clock on

Sunday morningfi. In thirty—four hours!

And Belle Murdock must not be disturbed

for twenty~four of those hours! And

without the knowledge I felt sure Belle

could give, what could I do? How Could

I prevent the infamy of that wedding?



I went over the whole terrible affair

again from the beginning, to SGL‘ if re-

cent developments would throw any light

on the bafiling mystery of Elsie's cruel

treatment of me. I now knew that Harry

Rodney was back of it all; but how?

And what had Belle Murdock to do with

it? I knew that Elsie believed me guilty





I





, THE. MICHIGAN FARMER.

THE BACHELOR UNCLE





BY EVERITT MCNEIL.





of some atrocious act, something so dis-

honorable that she considered me not only

unworthy of her love, but even of her re.-

spect. But, What (lid she think I had

done? And how had she been made to

believe such a thing of me? And what

made her so certain of my guilt that she

would not even allow me to attempt to

vindicate myself?



I recalled my every act for the few

days preceding that unhappy Sunday,

when she had handed me the engage-

ment ring and all the presents I had giv-

en her, and had shut the door in my face,

with no other explanation than the cruel

words: “Mr. Delvin, the man I wed must

be a gentleman. You are not. Good

day."



That was two years ago, but the words

Still burned hotly. I could not remember

a single thing I had done that would lend

eve-n the color of justice to her act. And

we had been so happy! so completely

happy in our love! And Elsie had loved

me! ‘Not for an instant could I doubt

that love! I could feel the thrill of her

kisses even ~now, after twu years; and

only the Woman who loves can kiss the

lips of the man she loves, that way, And

then out of a clear sky had dropped that

Sunday thunderbolt! And now, after two

years of this woeful waiting, I was to

see her wedded to another, wedded to a

villain, to the very one who had so deeply

wronged her and me.



Doctor Goldthorp had counseled me to

go home and rest, and I needed sleep and

test sadly; but an aching heart and sore-

troubled thoughts are not quiet bedfel-

lows, and I had little sleep or rest that

night.





CHAPTER XXL—A Message from Nurse

Wlxam.



At the breakfast table the next morn-

ing Mary Jane was unusually silent; and

I noticed that her kindly old eyes were

often turned sympathetically in my di—

rection, and that there was a troubled

look on her face, as if she were worry-

ing over something. I recognized the

symptoms, and knew that whatever the

matter was 1 would hear about it as soon

as the hired man left the table. At last

Jake finished eating, and got up and went

out; and I was alone with Mary Jane,

for Teddy and Ellen were not yet out of

bed. The moment the door closed behind

the hired man Mary Jane laid down her

knife and fork, one on each side of her

plate, straightened up in her chair, and

looked me straight in the eyes. There was

no beating about the bush with Mary

Jane. \Vhen she] had anything to say she

always said it in the most direct way

possible, without any eye shifting or lip

palavering.



"John Delvin,” she began, “these old

arms held you th’ day you were born, an’

they have worked for you every day

since. A mother couldn’t think more of

her own son than I do of you; an’ when

you are in trouble I want to help you;

an’ I‘ve got to speak now an’ speak

plain. For more’n a week you’ve hardly

ct a decent meal, an‘ I’vc cooked every—

thing I could think of that you liked, an’

you haven’t slept, an’ your face is begin-

nin’ to look thin an’ peaked, an' I don’t

likc the wild look that comes into your

eyes sometimes when you set thinkin’ by

yourself, th’ way you did this mornin‘

when You was waiting' for Jaket to come

in to breakfast.” She paused a moment,

then abruptly continued: “John Delvin,

it’s that weddin’ of Elsie Lamont tomor—

row mornin’ that’s worryin’ th’ heart out

of you. Heavens an' earth, let her marry

llarry Rodney if she wants to! She ain’t

worth missin’ a cup of coffee over, let

alone a breakfast of hot gems an’ ham

an’ eggs an’ milk gravy, such as you

didn’t eat two mouthfuls of this very

mornin.’ Now, if you don't gump up, an’

pull this thing right out of your heart,

roots an’ all, you’ll go crazy, like Ben

Thompson did, an’ I’ll have a lunatic

asylum on my hands as well as Esther’s

babes. Heavens eternal, haven’t you ct

enough humble pie of her makin’? Th'

stuck-up hussy! If I was a man, I'd—”



But I was spared the knowledge of

what Mary Jane would do if she were a

man, for at that moment Jake came in,

with a note in his hand.



“Sheriff Bowlder’s boy brought you this

note,” he said, handing me the paper.



I quickly tore the envelope open and

read:



Mr. John Delvin, Esq.

Dear Sirz—Kindly call and see me at





once concerning that Belle-Murdock af-

fair. Important—Jane Wixam, Nurse.





The moment I had read ,the note I

jamped to my feet. “Jake,” I said, my

voice trembling with excitement, “hitch





Fan and Bess to the buggy and be quick‘





about it. I have got to go to Plumville

at once. Hurry,” and I started for my

room, with Mary Jane calling eXCitedly

after me; but I could not stop to answer

her, nor even to listen to her. Time was

far too short, and there were too many

pressing possibilities in Nurse \Vixam’s

message. Was fate at last to place the

winning cards in my hands?



With all possible haste I drove direct

to Sheriff Bowlder’s. The sheriff himself

opened the door.



“Glad to see you, Delvin,” he greeted

me, shaking my hand warmly. “Come

right in. My wife’s been talking to the

nurse, and I reckon she is in the proper

frame of mind for an interview. That

tongue of Betty’s is better than thumb-

screws to get what's wanted out of man

or woman. Hello there, Betty! Here’s

Delvin come to see Miss IVixam,” and

he led me into a pretty little sitting-

room, where he left me alone. In about

two minutes Miss VVixam came in. There

was a slight flush on her usually cold

face, and I fancied that something of the

look of defiance had gone from the lips

and small eyes. She sat down, holding

her back stiffly erect.



“You wished to see me a—about that

Belle Murdock affair.” It was impossible

to keep my anxiety from showing in my

voice.



“Yes,” she answered, “there is some-

thing that has been troubling me since

our last conversation, Mr. Delvin; some-

thing that I now feel that I was wrong

in keeping from you.” She cast down her

eyes and tried to look very virtuous. “I

am sure I don't want to unjustly wrong

anybody, and I don’t want to bring un-

just suspicion upon any one, and that is

why I kept silent at first; but now I feel

as if I might be shielding the guilty:

and Mrs. Bowlder, a very good woman,

agrees with me, and has advised me to

tell you everything. Mr. Delvin,” and

she, glanced sharply at me, “if I remem-

ber our former conversation properly, you

have reasons to think someone gave Miss

Murdock an overdose of an opiate. Am

I right?”



“Yes."



“Then, what I have to tell you may be

very important.” The flush deepened on

her cheeks, and her small eyes sparkled

as she continued in a lower tone of voice:





”)Iiss Murdock had a visitor early in the

forenoon of the day you so brutally dis-E

missed me, a beautiful young woman‘





who appeared to be greatly agitated.





This beautiful young woman, shortly af-,





ter she came, sent me out for some fresh





 





 





 





water. She said that she wished to bathe:





the face and hands of the patient; and

she was in the room alone with the sick

woman for nearly ten minutes, while I

was getting the water. I

back she looked excited, and I could see

that the patient had been disturbed, and

after I had got the water the woman

didn't use it, but excused herself and hur—

ried away. Miss Murdock had been

brighter than usual that morning, but a

short time after the woman left she was

taken the way you found her.” She.

paused, and again her small eyes glanced

sharply into my face, as she bent closer

to me and whispered: “Mr. Delvin, I

have since learned that that woman's

name is Lamont Elsie Lamont.”



For a minute or more I did not speak,

but sat staring at the woman. The

nurse‘s confession, so different from what

I had expected, had hit me like a blow;

and when I thfi'ught of what it meant,

combined with Doctor Goldthorp’s dis-

covery of the locket and the purchasing

of the opium, even my confidence in Elsie

was, for a moment, staggered.

be, after all, that Elsie loved Harry Rod-

ney, loved him well enough to do this

horrible thing to save his name from dis-

honor, iimsclf from possible imprison-

ment or death? Might not a woman, eVen

a good woman, commit a crime to save

the man she loved? Might there not be

more back of it all than I knew or even

suspected? I felt my face grow white

from the sickening fear that clutched my

heart during these dreadful minutes of

doubt; and then came the blessed reac-

tion; and I jumped to my feet and went

and bent my head close to the head of

the nurse.



“Nurse Wixam,” I said, “I have known

Elsie. Lamont sinCc she was a little girl.

We were school children together. All

her life I have known her; and never

have I known her to do an act that





 





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161-5 Rlver Street. hogstkY.





   

   

 

   

 





     





   

   





 





: mi.”- ‘
-. ,, l

' MARCH 23. 4242-”





iscreditn 800d woman.





. \ She is

3,013 the horrible crime you hint





would d

not guilt . ,

of. Nurse VVixam, she is not guilty; and





you must not breathe a “word- of this foul-

suspicion to a human being“ Remember."

she started back, frightened \by the fierce

look on my face. “Nurse VVixam. re-

member. you must not breathe a word of

this foul suspicion to a living soul!” and

without another word to her I left the

house, too angered to trust myself in the

nurse’s presence longer; for the wicked

gleam I saw in the small evil eyes told

me, I fancied, that this was Nurse VVix-

am's revenge. '



On my way home I stopped at Red

Murdock's. Little Joey opened the door

for me. His eyes filled with tears when

he saw me; and he looked so pathetic

and so forlornly miserable that I bent and

picked him up in my arms,



“Belle is not worse, I hope?” I asked

anxiously.



“I don’t know. They won’t let me see

Belle,” he sobbed, clinging to my neck,

“and I do so want to see Belle. Why

don’t they let me see her? I—I—Ie—I

want to see Belle. VVon’t you make them

let me see Belle?” and his sobs choked

his voice.



“Belle is very sick and must be kept

very quiet,” I answered, “and you must

stop crying. It might disturb her and

make her worse. That’s why the doctor

doesn't want you to see Belle. It’s to

help make her better. You must be a

little man, now, and help Belle to get

well.”



He bravely tried to stifle his sobs; but

his pitiful face, as he did so, wrung my

heart.



The bedroom door opened and Doctor

Goldthorp came out, walking on the tips

of his toes, and holding a warning finger

to his lips; and it was not until we were

outside of the house that he would speak





a word.



“Belle is asleep, has been asleep for

three hours. To wake her now might

prove fatal, Delvin," his kindly face





shone, “I have hopes, more hopes than I

have had at any time before. If the sleep

lasts twenty-four hours longer, I——I—-

well, the result is in the hands of God.

But I have hopes now, Delvin. I must go

back to the sick room and you must go

home. Be careful to make no noise as

you drive out of the yard. Good-by,”

and he hurried back into the house.



I sat Joey down on the doorstep and

left him, the hope of the doctor’s face

lighting up his face—a pitiful, lonely lit-

tle figure, motherless, worse than father-

less, and now soon, perhaps to be sister—

'less and homeless—and drove rapidly

'homeward.



I. had reached the brow of the small

hill about a quarter of a mile from my

place when there came a clatter of hoofs

from behind. Tim Shane, the telegraph

operator’s freckled-faced boy, galloped





up on his pony, waving 5 yellow en—

velope in his hand.

“For John Delvin,” he shouted





“Haste!” and tossed the yellow envelope

to me as I pulled up my horses.



I quickly tore it open and read:



“Red Murdock fatally shot. Confes-

sion to make you. Come at once. .



“T. Ripley, Chief of Police,

”Utica, N. Y.”



My heart gave a great jump when I

read this unexpected summons. There

could be only one reason why Red Mur-

dock should wish to see me, only one

thing concerning which he could have

any confession to make to me; but that

was more than a life and death matter

———it was a life’s happiness. I must get

«l- litica at the earliest possible moment.



“When will the next train. leave for

l'tica?” I asked the boy, glancing at my

watch.



“Twelve-thirty P.

promptly.



i had half an hour to make it.



I rushed home and informed the hired

man that I had been summoned to Utica

on business of the utmost importance

and might not return until late that

night. Turning around, I drove rapidly

back to Plumville.



Chapter XXII.——The Death of Red Mur-

dock.



Utica is situated some thirty miles

from Plumville: and it was nearing two

o’clock before the train pulled into the

station, where I found Thomas. Ripley,

the chief of police, awaiting me with a

carriage.



"There is no time to lose, Mr. Delvin,"

(he said, as he shook me by the hand.

.“The man may breathe his last at any

gmoment. -I:Ie;was’shot last night in a





M.," be responded





“saIOOn. row; and when he found out that

his wound was fatal he begged that you

might be sent for at once. He said he





had a confession to make that concerned

you most intimately. Come, I will drive

you at once to the hospital,” and he, led

the way to the carriage.



I fOund Red Murdock lying on his back

on a cot, with a white-capped nurse

bending ovor him. He was breathing

with great difficulty, and the death pallor

was already on his face; but, the mo—

ment he caught sight of me, his eyes

lighted up with an unnatural brilliancy.



“John Delvin,” he gasped, “quick!”

and in the intensity of his excitement he

half arose from his cot, but instantly

sank back again with a groan of agony.

“My God! I'm dyin’, Delvin! Save me!”

and he gripped my hand in a paroxysm

of the most awful fear I have ever seen

pictured on a human countenance. ,



“The end is very near,” whispered the

nurse. “If he has anything to say before

death, get him to speak at once,” and

she withdrew a short -distance from the

cot.



I was all of a-tremble with the horror

of this fearful death scene and the inten-

sity of my anxiety to hear Red Murdock’s

confession: for I felt sure that he knew

why Elsie had so cruelly wronged me,

and that if I could get him to tell me this

before he died I could save her from that

accursed wedding. I fear that, in my

desperate need to get this knowledge, I

forgot something of the reverence due

death even when it visits the worst of

men; but I‘llsie’s happiness—my happi-

ness and the righting of a great wrong—

were all in the hands of this dying man,

and I was determined that he should tell

what he know. He had no right to die

with that secret untold.



“All right Murdock,” and I bent close

over him, and placed my two hands on

his shoulders, and looked him steadily in

the eyes. “You sent for me to tell me

something. \\'hat was it?" ' His breath

was now coming in short gasps; the

sweat of death was on his brow; and he

could only speak a word or two at a

time; but his eyes still glittered like two

coals of tire.



“Curse Rodney!" he gasped. “He—-he

done for me. It was his money that hired





those—those thugs. The quarrel was

only a—»a pretense. I see it all now. He

——he wouldn’t trust me. Dead men tell





———tell no tales. But I’ll—get even with

him.” His eyes flamed, and, for a mo-

ment, even the death pallor was driven

from his face by the heat of his wrath.

"I’ll spoil his~—his game. I’ll~I’ll-—I—”

he choked violently—stopped breathing——

his eyes glared up desperately into mine.

Was death even now to foil me?



“Quick! \\'hat about, Harry Rodney?

Tell me, quit-k!" 1 grasped him by the

shoulders, forgetting that he was a dy-

ing man, forgetting everything but that

he was about to go to the grave with the

secret that meant so much to me, tremb-

ling on his very lips.



The hated name of Rodney acted like

a strong stimulant on his mind. He

struggled foarfully—caught his breath——

one hand gripped me fiercely by the

wrist—he shook the clenched fist of the

other violently He was defying—beat-

ing back—-eVen death. It was a terrible





sight.

“Rodney! Curse him!” His words

came between death gasps. “He—he





hired me to do you in Black Man’s Ho?-

low. He-«—he gave me one thousand dol-

lars to—give Bollc an—an overdose of“

of opium. Heine wanted to—«to kill her

to—to keep her from tellin’ how—~how

them two deceived Elsie Lamont. He—

he is—is to mnrry—«llllsio Lamont-411 th’

—-th’ mornin’. Stop that weddiu‘, Del-





 





vin! Stop that chdln’~—I’1l come back

.—to tell Elsie Lamont what a—a devi'.

she is marryin’!” Ile struggled to a





half sitting posture, his eyes burned in-

to mine. “Stop that weddin’!” he yelled

in a voice that rang all over the room.

“Stop—” the hand that gripped my wrist

closed convulsively—relaxed—«a startled,

questioning look of awful dread came in-

to the glaring eyes—wand Red Murdock

fell back on the pillow, (lead.



The secret had gone with him to the

grave.



For an instant I lost control of myself.

I demanded, l implored that he tell me

wnat he meant by declaring that Rodney

wished to have Belle Murdock killed to

keep her from telling Elsie Lamont how

she had been deceived. But the dead

eyaes saw me not, the dead ears heard

me not, and the dead tongue was silent.



“Come away. The man is dead,” and

the nurse laid a gentle hand on my arm.

“The man is dead. Pray God that I may

never witness such another death,” and

very gently she pulled me away from the

staring glare of those dead eyes.



(Continued next week).





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





ONE—HUNDRED JUST SUCH BARGAINS IN

OUR NEW 1912 PRICE REDUCTION





 





   





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“The Home That Pays Millions for Quality"





 





   





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When writing to advertisers mention The Michigan Farmer.
If you are milking even as few as two or

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Save their cost every year of use





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under all conditions, greater capacity, easier

running and greater mechanical perfection,

to pay for itself every two years.





A liberal “exchange” allowance will be

made for your old De Laval Separator, or





hour machine that sells for $35 to a 1 350-

lb. an hour machine that sells for $160.





All farm and dairy sizes are made to run by hand, or





engine or any other kind of power.





We have agents in almost every locality who will be glad

to set up a machine for you and give you a free trial, and

we have an arrangement with our agents whereby the

purchaser, if he desires, may make a partial payment at time

of purchase and pay the balance on such easy terms that

it will pay for itself out of its own savings.





If you don’t know a De Laval agent write to our nearest

office for his name and a catalog, which we will gladly

send you.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR co.





165 Broadway 29 E. Madison St. 101 Drumm St. 1016 Western Ave.

NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





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De Laval Separators are .





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