,Ty for the future of the





 





 





 





 





 





 





VOL. CXXXVIII. No. [6.

Whole Number 3596.





   





t





 





 

 





31.00 A YEAR.

32.75 5 YEARS.





 





 





 





 





 





The Possibilities of Horse Breeding for t





which affords greater possibilities



for profit on the investment re-

quired than horse breeding. Yet this is a

:00 generally neglected department of

production on Michigan farms, and par-

ticularly on the smaller farms of the

state. Eyery farmer must of necessity

keep horses to do his work. This supply

of horses‘ must be replenished from time

to time, and when one has to buy he gen-

erally finds the desirable kind of horses

to be more scarce and higher in price

than he realized. But this is a condition

which does not seriously trouble the man

who has some good young horses growing

up to take a place in the farm teams, and

which 'is a source of satisfaction, rather

than regret, to the man who has a few

good colts to sell from year to year. Thus

the breeding of good horses may be made

the source of an added'profit, as well as

a saving on the majority of farms.



The breeding of horses is a department:

of live stock production which should be

particularly attractive to the small farm-

er, for the reason that one does not have

to specialize in the business to make it

(g. success and a source of maximum prof-

lt.‘ ’If a math goes into the dairy business

he must make that a specialty to have it

profitable.

enable him to handle the product cheaply

and to advantage.





THERE is no line of farm productiOn





her, and the conduct of his entire farm

campaign must be subordinated to this

one department of production to a marked

degree. The same

every line of production which may be

followed, but horse breeding is a notable

exception to this very general rule. It

requires only a small initial investment,

practically no extra. equipment and, as

the young horses come to a workable age,

will aid, rather than binder, in carrying

out the regular farm work. For these

reasons more Michigan farmers should

become interested in the possibilities of

horse breeding as a profitable side line of

production.



But because horse breeding does not

need to be made a specialty in point of

extent or relative importance in farm pro-

duction, it does not follow that it should

not ‘be made the subject of special study

and careful planning by every farmer

who engages in it. In fact, the decadence

of the horse breeding in-





He must keep enough cows to,





He must have special

equipment and a dependable supply of la-' ‘





is true with almost ‘





the fact that the scrub stallions have

been very generally replaced by draft

sires of far better quality and, a factor

of still greater importance, of greater

prepote'ncy in the production of desirable

foals through the influence of generations

of better breeding. This tendency toward

the use of better sires will be further em-

phasized through the influence of an effi-

cient stallion law, such as We now have

in Michigan. This law provides the

means by which every horse breeder may

know the breeding of the sire which he





This point being settled, the choice of

breeds may properly be left to the prefer-

ence of the breeder, although as’a gen-

eral proposition it would be better to

choose the breed of which there is the

'greatest number of stallions in the com-

munity or within easy reach, since this

will afford a greater possibility of dis-

crimination in the selection of a sire.

This decision should, however, depend

somewhat upon the breeding and charac—

ter of the available brood mare or mares,

and also upon how extensively it is plan-





 





9





L____~____ c;





Draft Mares with Colts at Side. Bred by





uses, which is an important factor in the

success of his undertaking.



But the first consideration for every

farmer who would engage in horse breed-

ing is the type of horses which he will

produce. As a general proposition, how-

ever, this should not be a difficult prob-

lem to decide. There is no question that

the draft type is the most useful on the

farm, or that, reared under farm condi-

tions and training, good individuals of

this type will find a surer market at more

remunerative prices than any other when

they have been well grown to maturity.





 





Plank & Newsome, Charlevoix County.





ned to engage in the breeding of horses.

And right at this stage in our consid-

eration of the subject we .should, perhaps,

definitely decide this last mentioned point.

in horse breeding, as in every other line

of production in which he may become

interested, the average farmer is apt to

give more attention to the consideration

of quantity than of quality. This is gen-

erally a mistake in any line of production,

but it is a fatal mistake in horse breed-

ing. One good colt may easily be worth

as much as two poor ones, and there is

certain to be twice as much profit in his





 





“Farmer.





W.

production, hence the desirability of tak-

ing every possible precaution to produce

only good ones. The individuality of the

brood mare and the care and feed given

her and her colts are the first essential

fiactors in the production of good horses.

The mare should be sound, and with some

pretentious to quality and breeding. As

to the latter, she should at least be a

grade of the same. breed as tho. pure—bred

stallion with which she is mated. Sne

should have a. tractable disposition, with

sufficient mettle to insure good staying

quality, and withal a strong constitution

which will insure endurance. Last, but

not least, she should have sufficient size

so as to not handicap her offspring in

their ability to make weights suitable to

the purposes for which their breed is

fitted, with good food and care from

birth to maturity. Given those qualities,

if the mare is a good feeder and is given

a proper chance she will be likely to pro-

vidc an abundance of nourishment for

her colt, which is an absolute essential in

a good brood mare. If more than one

mare which will answer to this descrip-

tion is available, and if more than one

can be given a proper chance to do her

best in the production of good colts, Well

and good. In that event it will prove

profitable to go into the business on a.

more extensive scale than otherwise. But

if no mare which will fill these rcquirc-

ments is at hand, it will be more profit-

able to secure one before going into the

horse breeding business than to start in

with a handicap in the form of an ini'crior

mare, And if only one such is available

it will be more profitable to go into the

business on a small scale and give this.

one more a, chance to do her best than

to breed unsuitable mares and give the

good one a poorer chance. One good

br'ood mare that will produce a colt each

year will soon till the yard with horses,

and if she is a. good producer will make

her owner more profit than two or three



poor ones. ’

In the selection of a sire as great care

should be oxcrcised. He should be right,

both as to breeding and individuality and,

preferably, he, should be a tried sire

whose prepotcncy has been demonstrated

in the breed type and quality of the Colts

which he has sired. The difference in

the service fee between the best available

and the mediocre sire should not be con-

sidered, so long as it is





 





dustry is due to the lack

of forethought on the

part of those who have

engaged in the industry

in a haphazard way,

more than to any other

one cause. It was for~

merly the general prac-

tice. and still is to far

too great an extent, to

breed old, unsound and

broken down mares to

the stallion whose ser—

vice could be most con-

veniently and cheaply

secured, with little

thought of the quality

of the colts which would

be secured. The result

of this kind of horse

breeding is generally

both unsatisfactory and

unprofitable and cer-

tainly offers no attrac-

tive’possibilities to any

farmer. But, fortunate-





 





industry and those en-

gaged in it, this method

of breeding is yearly'be-

coming less common, '

due perhaps largely to





 





A “Royal" Family, Next to the Human Race the Most





 





Beautlful, Noble and Useful of Created Belngs.





at all within reason, but

evidence as to which is

the best should always

be sought and carefully

considered.



.llaving made a judi-

cious selection of the

brood more and the sire,

the novice in horse

breeding is far too apt

to think that he. has al-

ready insured success in

his undertaking. This,

however, may be a fatal

err or. Good “horse

sense" is needed all the

time until the colt has

reached maturity. The

mare should be intelll-~

gently fed and worked

during the period of

gestation, with due re-

gard to her need of

nourishment and exer-

cise. Moderately hard

work will do her no

harm; in fact, it will be

beneficial rather than

otherwise, so long as

good judgment is used

in working and feeding

(Continued on page 471).
466 (2)





OBSERVATIONS ON MICHIGAN METH‘

VDS 0F FARMING.





 





One of the places in Michigan where

hve stock raising predominates is in the

section around Saline, in W'ashtenaw

county. In many places some cash crop

predominates, such as beans, beets. p0-

tatoes, hay or fruit, and the interesting

question arises as to the comparative

conditions resultant from these different

methods of farming. Some light is thrown

on the situation when it is noted that it

is now thethird generation of men from

the original settlers, who are. the active

farmers. \Vashtonaw county is second in

the United States in fine wool produc-

tion, with one county only, this being in

Ohio, that surpasses it. There is a pas—

toral tranquility in connection with the

fine wool type of sheep that carries one

back to the days before commercial mut-

ton raising shortened the allotted span of

the ovlne’s life. Men seem to get ac-

quaninted with their flocks' individualities

and their progeny, and point with pride

toa line of breeding. Commercial sheep

growing and feeding, like the» wages of

sin, is death for the sheep, and sentiment

on the. part of the feeder.



The great procession of stock racks in

Saline loaded with sheep, lambs and hogs

the streets, together with bank

deposits of over $600,000 in a strictly

farming community, leads to confirmation

of the statement that Saline is the great-

est stock shipping center in Michigan.

It is rarely that one finds a community

so devoted to live stock and the compar—

ative absence of out shipments of staples

like hay, grain, etc, is noticeable on the

one hand. and the farm yards stocked

with cattle. sheep and hogs 0n the other

It is in these yards that are found the

sources of the wealth mentioned in bank

deposits.



The Saline creamery,

completion, bears the same marks of

strength and perpetuity that has its

foundation in stock feeding for that line

of production. Few, if any, dairy struc-





see-ll ill





now approaching





lures ill the state equal this building of

steel and cement with tile roofing, as

does this new structure. The interior is

being finished in white enamel and the

machinery is operated by independent

motors. Ice cream and butter will be





Roth whole milk and cream are

and at the flush of the season

the daily output of butter approximates

3.000 lbs. Much of the butter is sold in

pound prints and demands above market

prices in select trade. The construction

of a $15,000 creamcry is unusual as well

as remarkable, to find in a community so





n l a?! e.

received





devoted to general live stock interests.

But the interdependcncc of young stock

and pigs upon the by—products of butter

and ice cream production is marked, as





compared to a milk shipping district. The

immediate return for shipped milk may

be greater, but it is doubtful in the long

l'Llll.



Whore protein food is used as a carrier

ol butter-fat and then utilized as a flesh

builder for swine and calves in the form

of skim-milk it is given a secondary val-

ue rarely, if ever. found in any other

process of manufacturing. There is an

old saying, “one cannot eat his cake and





keep it,” but in the (‘iISt‘ of cottonseed

cllkc fed to the dairy cow the protein of

the cottonseed re—appcars in the casein

cf the milk for calves and pigs, which,

if not a contradiction, is a modification





of the oft repeated statement.



1 have often wondered why the, Ameri—

can shcel) breeders have not taken a leaf

from the book of the dail'yulcn in oppos-

ing counterfeit competition. The dairy—





mcn have, had to oppose the packing in-

dustry in their light against oleomar-

garine. 'l‘he shccpmen should wage a





war against unfair competition or shoddy.

'l‘hc, sentiment against adulteral’ed foods,

now so strongly felt, might easily be ex-

tended to include purl: woolen clothing.

The grades of shoddy suits sold in many

cheap stores are really worn by those

who can least afford to wear them, be—

cause the life of the garment is short.

And again, then there is something re—





pulsive in shoddy, to almost everyone, it

being a near neighbor to second—hand

goods. My own opinion is that shoddy





competition to wool is quite as great as

foreign wools. It ought not to be diffi-

cult to compel all woolens, subject to in-

terstate sale, to bear a tag on the gar-

ment or fabric stating the real percentage

of new woolen fibre. The sentiment for

the “Square deal" is now more general

than when previous attempts failed.

There is no question but such legislation

would do much to remOVe the present

pessimism in wool circles and could be

urged on the principles of fundamental





THE MICHIGAN FA-RMER.‘





justice. While there might be a. state-

ment that Schedule K was indefensible

the same attitude could not be consist-

ently maintained against pure clothing,

free from shoddy. Here is an opportunity

for a display of one measure of adequate

fairness to Michigan farmers.





Another feature of this section of Wash-

tenaw county is the assurance of little or

no depletion of soil fertility in these many

years of stock growing. Very little com-

mercial fertilizer is used and no serious

demand exists although some admit that

it might be used to advantage. All in

all, this section of VVashtenaw county is

a wonderful tribute to the maintenance

of soil fertility by means of continuous

stock growing.





Shiawassee Co, JAS. N. MCBRIDE.





 





 





HAY CAPS.





 





I would like information regarding hay

caps from one who has used them. How

large should they be; how should they be

made and of what material? Also, how

heavy should the weights be made and

how attached to the caps? Are they of

sufllcient practical value to pay for the

expense of making and trouble of using?



SUBSCRIBER.



I have had experience now for three or

four years with hay caps and I believe in

them, and I think it will pay any man

who wants to make a choice article of

hay for his own use, to provide himself

with hay caps.



The first hay caps that I purchased I

procured quite firm heavy‘duckng, had

brass eyelet holes put in each corner, and





them hemmed all the way around, and

they cost me‘ something like 24 cents

each. These caps were 40 inches square.

They are hardly large enough and yet





they do pretty well. Now. for weights '0

tie on each corner to hold them on, at

first I got blank iron bolt burrs, bought

at the hardware store at so much a

pound. The first I got were not heavy

enough so I had to put on two. Then I

got them for inch bolts and they did

very well. i put them on the first place

with binder twine. The grasshoppers

would eat off the twine. The twine would

rot where it, came in contact with the

iron. Then I got common annealed stove

pipe wire to put them on. This is bet-

ter, but this rusts in a season or two so

that you lose many of the weights, and

,l have now come to the conclusion that

it would pay one to buy fine copper wire.

Then you would have something that

would last.



The next ‘lot of hay caps that I got I

went to the dry goods store and bought

cotton cloth by the bolt. It was 40 inches

wide and I cut the cloth 45 inches long.

making a cap 40x45 inches. This is com—

mon unbleached cotton cloth. You would

not think that this would shed water, but

it does. I can‘t explain it. only I know

that your hay cocks and shocks of wheat

seem to be just as dry under these caps

as they are under the duck caps. A

neighbor of mine raises a few beans each

year and for the last few falls he has

come and borrowed some of my hay caps

to put over his beans after he harvested

them. lie put them up in small tall piles

and then put the hay caps over them.

Now, this was a thorough trial this year

for hay caps because they were left on

this fall through an awful amount of

rain. it rained nearly every day, as you

all know. When he came after the hay

caps this year I took particular pains to

give him about a half dozen of these hay

caps made ollt of common cotton cloth.

I told him i wanted him to try them and

when he brought them home asked him

if those caps kept the beans just as dry

as the duck caps, and he said they did.

The beans were in just as good shape.

And yet, this was thill cotton cloth, com-

pared to the heavy. It didn’t cost one-

fourth as much.



Instead of getting brass eyelets put ill

this cotton cloth, I simply tied a knot in

the cloth itself and then I put the wire

around this knot and through the weight,

and it works just as well. It doesn't look

quite so well. The caps are not hemmed.

\Ve could have hemmed them well enough

on a sewing machine but I thought maybe

the raw edge would last just as long as

the cloth did itself, and I have made up

my mind that I never will pay 25 cents

for any more duck to make hay caps

with. I will just get the common cotton

cloth.



Now, with regard to weights. After ex-

perimenting with these blank burrs and

finding them rather elxpenSIVe I read in

the Michigan Farmer that you could

make nice weights for hay caps by taking

the common filler to an egg crate and

filling it full of cement and sticking com-

mon fence staples in before the cement

set. Well, I tried this but it is an awful





specialty of growing clover seed.





bother to fill these egg fillers. So I de—

vised another scheme and that was to

spread the cement out at about the right

thickneés, or the same as it would be

with the egg filler, and leave it until it

commenced to set and then take a case

knife and a straight edge and cut through

both ways. leaving squares of just about

the right size and then, when it has set.

these will readily come apart and yen

can make more of them in one hour than

you can with egg crate fillers in a day.

Simply stick in your staples before the

cement sets and you have as good a hay

cap weight as you need. These weights

ought to weigh one—quarter of a pound

at least, to hold the caps down in a se~

vere wind. Now, as I said before, if you

will get some fine copper wire to fasten

these cement weights to the cover of the

cap you will have something'that will

last. The wire ought to be at least

eight inches long, for the weights have

more effect than when tied on close to

the corner of the cap.

COLON C. LILLIE.

SPECIAL CROPS FOR SPECIAL OCCA-

SIONS.





 





 





When the price of a staple article

climbs up year after year, it would seem

to be the part of wisdom for the farmer

to attempt to supply the demand and

reap the profits which the abnormal price

gives. Some, no doubt, dislike to break

up their usual rotation, hence they neg-

lect the opportunity which the situation

offers for good profits. At the present

time- there appears to be a chance for

farmers who have suitable land, to make

good profits. For several years the price

of clover seed has been abnormally high,

and the end seems not to be reached yet,

as the price now is higher than ever be-

fore. The farmer must have clover to

keep up soil fertility, no matter what the

price is. Clover seed is clover seed, and

commands the price, be it June clover or

mammoth, both sell at the same figure in

the market, and the buyer cannot tell if

he is getting June or mammoth.





Why should not more farmers make a

study

cut the- best ways, with or without nurse

crops, seeded alone or with other. grasses.

.t know there has been a. lot of difficulty

of late in getting a. good catch of clover,

but where there is a will there can be

found a way, and the reward will be good

profits for those who succeed. Then there

is timothy seed. For years we paid $1.50

and $1.75 per bushel for that, but now we

have to pay three or four times as much.

Why should not more of our farmers raise

timothy seed? Many of them have tim-

othy meadows which they cut for hay.

but at present: prices of seed it would

bring more than the hay, and still leave

one the straw for feeding.



As I write, there lies before me a clip-

ping from the local paper of last week,

which shows what may be done. I give

the item in full: “Joseph I-Iisler has

shipped the 160 bushels of timothy seed

that he took from 15 acres of his Brook-

field farm last year. The seed brought

him an even $1,000, and the straw from

which the seed was threshed, added $425

more to the credit of the. 15 acres, making

a total of $1425 received from the producr

of that little patch of ground in a single

season. Mr. Hisler also took 100 bushels

of clover seed off his farm last year, for

which he received $1,200." The acreage

of clover was not given, and no credit for

the chaff, which has some feeding value

for sheep, and is a valuable fertilizer.



Another crop which ought to bring good

money to the, grower at present prices,

is broom corn, and it is not difficult to

grow. Brooms which a few years ago we

paid 25 cents for now sell] for 60 cents,

and we can’t lay all the difference to the

wire trust, or to a scarcity of bro m

sticks. The farmer who studies conditions

and prices, and plants accordingly, is the

one who will reap the profits.



Eaton Co. APOLLOS LONG.





FERTILIZER FOR OATS.





I have a ten—acre field that was planted

to corn last season, on which I did not

get very good stand of corn. We did not

expect very large yield of corn per acre,

but our idea in planting to corn, was to

get this field in rotation and all together

into one field, it having been cut up into

a number of small fields. About three

acres was sod turned under last spring,

the remainder had been cropped about

three years by renter. Our plan is to

stow this field to oats and seed to clover

with the cats. also sow about 200 or 300

lbs, of.fertlllzer ‘per acre on portion of

field where no sod was turned under last

spring. We sowed rye in the corn about

Sept. 1, as a. cover crop and also to add

humus. The soil being clay loam, it seems

to bake and get very hard. What per





APRIL 20, 1912.





cent nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash

would be advisable? Also, would you ad—

vise use of a cutaway or disk harrow on

this field, or plow it?



Oceana Co. E. S. P.





An ordinary fertilizer for oats on good

land in a fair state of fertility would run

something like one to two per cent of

ammonia, eight to nine per cent phos-

phoric acid, and two to three per cent of

potash. Eight hundred pounds of such a

fertilizer per acre ought to give goodreu

suits on the cat crop and would certainly

help the seeding of clover, but since this

land is not in Very good condition, as in-

dicated by the growth of corn last year,

it probably would be better to use a

heavier application of this fertilizer or

else use a higher grade fertilizer. I

would recommend one containing two to

three per cent of ammonia, eight to 10

per cent of phosphoric acid and four to

five per cent of potash and use 300 to 350

pounds per acre.



I think this field can be fitted with a

disk or cutaway harrow and form as

good a seed bed as you could by plowing,

and possibly better. Of course, something

will depend upon the seasonubut if it

should be a dry spring, and this heavy

soil which gets hard is plowed up with-

out a sufficient amount of rain, it would

be almost impossible to get it in condition

for a good seed bed. However, by work-

ing it with a disk harrow, going over it

a sufficient number of times to pulverize

it thoroughly, all lumps will be avoided

and I think the seed bed will be better.

'l'ndoubtedly E. S. P. is correct when he

says that this soil needs humus because

if it. was well filled with vegetable mat-

ter it would not get so hard when it gets

dry, and undoubtedly to get it into clo-

ver as soon as possible will be the best

treatment that can be given to it.



COLON C. LILLIE.

EMINISCENCES OF' A POTATO

GROWER.



Your able article on The Potato Crop is

worthy of more extensive discussion. In

this locality, (Grand Traverse), potatoes

are the leading crop. Now, as a farmer

of 81 years, allow me to give a truthful

account of its development here. Some

fifty years ago we could not sell this crop

at all, except once in about three- years,

at 25 cents a bushel. Gradually it-worked

to beyond that price to ship, yet to tell

the truth it has always been a common

saying, “Of all the gambling crops known

potatoes take the lead.” During the 50

years past I have never known the price

go up to a dollar a bushel and stay at

that price but a short time, except this

year. Germany s short crop was the

cause. It has always been a standing

joke if you don’t accept a dollar a bushel

at once you will be glad to get 30 cents

a bushel. This winter it is marvelous

the amount of nlOney farmers are get-

ting; 90 cents a bushel, and now I have

been offered over a dollar for russets.



Now, about the Maine state crop and

its wonderful yield. The real truth is

that in their location they have a. market





beyond what is known back from the

coast, Boston, New York, etc. It would

have been a bankrupt case for farmers





to buy fertilizers here except this year.



Now. remember, the real truth is, if they



glut the market this year. down goes the



price to nothing. Millions of bushels have



been thrown to the water for ballastf

Gd. Traverse Co. HENRY VOORHEIS.



TWO CROPS OF OATS AND PEAS IN



ONE SEASON.





 





I would like to know if it would be

practical to sow oats and peas or barley

and peas after the first of July, on land

where a crop of oats and peas had been

just cut for the first crop? Would like to

get two crops of hay off the same ground

if I could.



Muskegon Co. A. W.



I don't think it would be practical to

attempt to grow two crops of oats and

pea hay in the same season. The proba-

bility is that there won’t be moisture

enough at that time of the year so that

you can get them to germinate at all and

they will be an utter failure. If you did

have moisture at the proper time the

weather is too hot at that time of the

year for either oats or peas to do well.

I would not expect them to make a sat—

isfactory growth at all. It might be pos—

sible after you take your oats and peas

off, if moisture conditions are'right, if

you would disk the soil up at once. to sow

Hungarian grass and get a fair crop. I

have SOWn Hungarian grass as a catch

crop in July and got a fairly good crop of

hay. It will be much safer to try to

get a crop of Hungarian grass than it

would another crop of oats and peas.



COLON 0. Linux.





\I





i

I
My, ..





\l





 





APRIL 20. 1912-

TESTING SEED CORN.





 





,.



One of the most neglected tasks on the

farm today is the testing of seed corn,

yet. the task is very simple, easy to per-

form and is most profitable, and once a

farmer tests his corn properly he makes

it a permanent practice. Neglect in prop-

er testing has caused many a thin stand

of corn and consequently greatly reduced

yields.



Early spring, before spring farm work

begins, is a good time to test or the test-

ing may be done evenings and may be

made a SOurce of enjoyment. I use a

box 15x15 inches square and four inches

deep. This box will hold six kernels

from each of 100 ears of corn, or a good

bushel. I first put about two inches of

sand or fresh sawdust into the box and

firm well, using a square block of wood

or brick. Then I take a piece of un-

bleached cotton or muslin just the size of

the box and mark off 11/2-in. squares.

This gives me 10 squares on a side, or

100 squares in the box. Next I number

these squares from one to 100. using a

crayon pencil and marking the number in

each square. The marked cloth is then

put into the box on the sand, smoothing

same out nicely so there will be no dan-





ger of getting the kernels of corn mixed.»





I now bring in my corn, which I have on

a drying rack, this rack is made by nail-

ing 2x4’s together for sides and top and





 





A Convenient Form of Test





nailing these to a wider board for the

bottom. By making the base about 10

inches wide the rack will stand up nicely

of its own accord. I drive nails on each

edge of the 2x4’s on each side of the rack

and opposite to each other, just far

enough apart to take in an ear of corn.

1 then stretch common hay wire from nail

to nail on both sides of the rack. This

makes the two Wires four inches apart

and forms a nice airy shelf to support

the ears, allowing free circulation of air

at all times. The rack may be built any

size wanted. Now I haVe on hand some

pin tickets about one inch square, such

as are used in pricing goods at the stores,

(pasteboards cut into squares with a tack

to drive into the butt of the car would

answer the! same purpOSe). I begin by

marking one on a ticket and sticking

same into the butt of the first ear on the

rack. I then take my knife and take out

six kernels of corn from different parts

of the ear and put these kernels onto the

square in the box marked 1. I then take

ear No. 2 and do likewise, putting kernels

from ear No. 2 onto square 2 in the box

and so on until all squares are filled, be-

ing careful to get the kernels taken from

the ears into the corresponding number

in the box.



After the squares are filled with corn

take a cloth a little larger than the size

of the box and of a close woven nature

and place same over the corn, taking

care not to disturb the kernels. When

this cloth is in place take another cloth,

still larger, and lay on the box and fill

in more sand, enough to fill the box, fold-

ing the edges of the cloth up over the

filled box to give a neat appearance, thus

completing the job. Water well and keep

in a room where the temperature is some—

where near 70 degrees. Do not let box

dry out, always keeping sand moist.



In six days the test will be ready to

read. Begin by rolling the top layer of

sand up as you would a mat, and remove

it from the box. Then very carefully re-

move the cloth which covers the kernels

of corn. Go slow and if any kernels ad—





a-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





here to the top cloth get them into their

proper squares immediately, so as to be

absolutely certain of the test when fin-

ished. In reading 'the test each square

of kernels is examined in regular order

and all ears showing a. weak. spindling

growth or less than five strong sprouts

out of the six, are discarded. Dead corn

makes better feed than seed.





The accompanying cut shows my rack

and testing box with ears of corn in place

on rack and kernels nicely sprouted. The

test shows a very strong germinating

seed, as every kernel but three has a

sprout. These three—one form each of

squares 56, 66, 75 are dead. Also the

squares 41, 58, 60 showed a little weaker

growth. All other squarts showed an

equally strong sprout.



Now, if conditions for 1912 should be

normal I see no reason to hinder my

stand of corn being extra good. I know

the seed is right and will look for a good

crop.





St. Clair Co. G. A. BALDEN.





SUGAR BEETS ON MUCK LAND.





 





I have a piece of marsh land recently

drained by large dredge ditch. There is

100 acres or more that will be available

for crops as soon as it can be cleared

and broken. It is now covered with

marsh grass and brush. The. muck

ranges in depth from two feet to six feet

or more. There is a good fall and by til-





"iisiifis

Yv‘iifili‘gé

éi‘liign‘fifi





éfififivfigs has

”fiafiiflgt W





ing Box and Seed Corn Rack.





ing into the big ditch I can take most of

the water off the marsh. What would be

the best crop to put on such land the

first season? \N'ould it be necessary to

break it up and let it lay over one year

before putting any crop on? How would

sugar beets do on such land? Are they

exhaustive to the soil? \Vould any fer—

tilizer be required? Do beets require

much nitrogen? Where do they get it?

Do they take any nitrogen directly from

the air? I have been told that the root-

lets ot‘ beets contained nitrogen and that

when they were left in the soil (by break-

ing‘oi‘f. etc.), they enriched the soil. Is

that true? \Vhat elements do sugar beets

take from the soil? Is crop rotation nec—

essary on muck land?



Ilerrien CO. H. C. C.



Raw muck is a poor place for sugar

beets. They grow large with mammoth

tops but contain a low percentage of sug-

ar. In fact, many beets have been grown

on muck that tested less than 12 per cent

sugar, and the factories don‘t care for

beets with such a low test because the

lower the test the harder it is to recover

the sugar and it doesn’t pay them. My

idea would be that this land ought not

to be put into sugar beets for two or

three years until the soil is well weath-

ered and settled down. Again, it would

be almost impossible to prepare a good

seed bed for sugar beets in this loose

muck ground. A sugar beet bed wants

to be compact and solid with the fine soil

on top. You can't get the muck so but

what it is loose for a considerable depth,

that is, with fresh, raw muck. From

what I know about such things I should

say corn would be the best crop that

You could put on this new land and if

you could get it plowed in the fall and

let it lay over winter and freeZe and

weather it is all the better for the corn

plant and it might be advisable to raise

corn on this land for two or three years

in succession before you put it into other

crops. Then it could be seeded down to

timothy and red-top and finally when it

is broken up again it would be in shape

to raise sugar beets and raise splendid

crops of‘ them.



Of course, the first thing to do is to

put in the tile drains and thoroughly





drain the land. It will certainly be valu-

able land and is well worth the tiling.

Possibly if you put it into corn you will

find it necesasry to mac potash and phos—

phoric acid. Muck is apt to be deficient

in the mineral elements. I am informed

by the growers themselves in some sec-

tions in northern Indiana on much land

that they cannot grow a profitable crop

of corn without the use of potash. That

element seems to be almost entirely lack-

ing in that soil but just as soon as they

apply potash they can raise luxuriant

crops of corn. You want. plenty of phos-

phoric acid with the potash because the

phosphoric acid develops the ear.





Sugar beets add nothing to the soil.

They are not soil builders. Sugar beets,

nor any other crop, can take nitrogen

from the atmosphere. The plant gets all

its nitrogen, combined with other sub-

stances, dissolved in the soil moisture- up

through its rootlets. So [c.plants, how-

ever, like clover and othe legumes have

the power of taking nitro en from the

atmosphere through the bacteria which

grow in nodules on their roots and after

it is used by these microscopic plants

then it is in a condition to be used by the

growing plant. However, many people

claim that land produces more after we

commence to grow sugar beets in the ro—

tation. They do not claim that the sugar

beets add any plant food to the soil but

they figure it out from the fact that we

give more thorough tillage «when we raise

sugar beets, and the thorough tillage im-

proves the soil. Then, too, in growing

sugar beets one fertilizes the land well

and the residue fertilizer which is not

used by the beet plants is used by the

other crops, so that there is a gradual

improvmncnt for all the crops in the ro-

tation when one grows sugar beets. Sug-

ar beets, like all other crops, take nitro-‘

gen. phosphoric acid and potash, the

three- essential elements, from the soil.

A crop rotation is just as necessary on

muck land as it is on any land if you

want to keep up the productive power.

lt is rich at first and you can grow a

single crop for several years on the land

but eventually the time comes when you

must resort not only to crop rotation but

also to added plant food. If I owned

this land I would experiment a little in

a safe way with different kinds of com-

mercial fertilizers and also with lime. In

this way you can find out just What the

soil lacks and it might be that you will

make hundreds and hundreds of dollars.

Nobody can tell you just what to do, only

in a general way. You haVc, got to work

out your own salvation. Now go at it

right. Try some potash on a little strip.

Try phosphoric acid on another strip. Try

phosphoric acid and potash combincld on

another strip. Try a complete fertilizer

on another strip, and then on another

strip try lime, and you can find out read»-

ily what the. soil needs. \Vhen you find

this out you will know more than anyone

can tell you. COLON C. LILLJE.





CUCUMBER CULTURE.





l noticed the inquiry of J. G. in the

Michigan Farmer of March 9, in regard to

growing cucumbers. I am somewhat in—

terested in that subject as I have grown

them commercially for several years. My

experience does not quite agree, in all

iespects, with the advice given. I find

that six feet apart is plenty close enough

on the kind of soil he describes. If it

were very rich in humus eight feet would

be better. I find planting the first week

in June preferable to a later date. I al—

ways aim to have them in before the

12th. This makes the season short enough

as we are apt to have frost sufficient to

kill vines early in September.



The plan' of putting the fertilizer di-

rectly into the hill is, I think, the best

one and there is nothing better, so far

as my experience goes, than the drop-

pings from tho lienhouse. There is a tra-

dition that this keeps away the striped

beetles. I can’t say if there is foundation

in fact, for this belief, but have never

been much troubled with the bugs. An

application of one part each of lime and

wood ashes to two parts soot, with two

tablespoonfuls of Paris green to about

l0 quarts of the mixture, sprinkled on

lightly, has always been sufficient to dis-

courage their operations,



If a clover sod is not available a crop

of rye sown in the fall and plowed under

before planting is a. pretty good sub-

stitute.



I cannot say what the normal profits

from this crop ought to be, as it has

happened each year I would raise them

that it was unusually dry. But even un->

der the unfavorable conditions of last

year they gave better returns than any





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Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you

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AN FARMER. ' ,





other farm crop I raised. To give the

exact figures, one and one-half acres

brought me, after deducting seed and

crates, $91.37. No account, of course, was

made of the amount used in the family.

One man can harvest an acre by pick-

ing alternate days and marketing in the

morning, or by picking half the patch

one day and half the- following, and mark-

eting in the afternoon or evening. Most

salting stations are'open in the evening.

Experience in raising cucumbers as well

as any other crop counts, of course, and

I advise no one to give it up at first trial.

Gratiot Co. 0. L. M.





_





ADVOCATES KING DRAG FOR ROADS.





 





There is quite a bit of space given over

to the road problem and I would be glad

to make a suggestion. The people of

counties who have no state reward roads

must get tired of paying taxes to build up

roads for counties which have bonded.

No county will have good roads until the

people who live alongside of them and use

them know how to build them and de-

mand them. It has been demonstrated

that a. King split-log or plank drag will





{do more to make and keep a. road in good





condition than any utensil of equal cost

and expense of operation. If townships





' 1were to adopt a course of paying some

'farmer on each mile of road in the town-

, ship three to five dollars per annum to go

Hover the road with a. King drag after





every rain of two hours or longer dura-

tion it would round the road up, fill the

wheel tracks, do away with the ruts and

afford drainage. Many of the country

roads dish in towards the center, acting

as a trough to catch and carry water,

and at each side of the road conditions

favor filling the road, thus making it into

a mud hole or ditch. There are many

low spots close to hills where a. little fill-

ing would not only make solid a mud

hole but also cut down a hill at the same

time. Often a few moments’ work with a.

shovel or hoe would save a washout or

cut up road, and the highway commis~

sioner or pathmaster, if there is one, can

not be on hand everywhere, even if they

had a disposition to do so. The thought,

"let the other fellow do it," is not mak-

ing roads. The steepest, poorest hill de-

termines the load the- farmer can haul to

his market and the number of trips he

can make in a given time, saying nothing

about the wear and tear on teams, wag-

ons and drivers.



I notice, too, that the men who have. to

do with the enforcement of the weed cut-





‘gting laws are pretty lax, letting many





noxious weeds go to seed to be blown

onto farms, thereby increasing the labor

of the man who is trying to keep such

things off his place. It would seem that

there ought to be a way to prop some of

the weak kneed officials up to a point

where they would do their duty and make

others do the necessary work to keep

weeds from going to seed.





Kent Co. SUBsc memo.





BARLEY A PROFITABLE CROP.

About 40 years ago the farmers in this

county raised considerable barley on the

corn stubble. and although the yield per

acre, and price, were satisfactory they

gave it up because its sharp, dagger-like

beards were so stiff and Sharp they made

it difficult to handle at harvest. There

were no self—binding harvesters at that

little. and the sheaves had to be bound by

hand.



The number of acres of barley raised

in Pennsylvania during the last three

years, averaged 7,540 per year. The av-

erage farm price per bushel, the last

three years, 63 cents. The average farm

value per acre for last three years, $14.49.

Compared with cats, (the spring crop

with which it competes), the barley crop

was worth 72 cents per acre more than

the oats, and cost no more labor or ex-

liensc in preparing the ground, and har-

vesting. The average yield of barley in

the United States during the last three

years was 22 bushels per acre, the aver-

age farm price per bushel was 66 cents,

and the value per acre was $14.52. Min~

nesota is the banner state for production,

her average being 1,475,000 acres and yield

per acre 20.6 bushels, California being a.

close rival.



Soils that will raise good wheat will

raise good barley. and there have been

years when barley brought more per

bushel than wheat, and it is less liable

to be damaged by insects, rust, and smut

than wheat. Barley has been cultivated

from the remotest historical period, and

some writers with Pliny, suppose it was

the first grain brought from the wild state

into cultivation. It is probable it was the





 





 





APRIL 20, 1912.





chief bread plant of the ancient Hebrews,

as it certainly was of the Greeks and

Romans. It was raised in Egypt, and was

a. food for men and animals, and/also

used for making beer, from the earliest

period of which‘we have a. history. It

was cultivated in Europe in the prehis-

toric times long before any authentic

records were preserved, as three kinds are

found in the lake dwellings of Switzer-

land. These three varieties which have

been preserved, (like the'grain found in

the Egyptian tombs), for several thou—

sand years are, according to Prof. Hiller,





*the common two—rowed and two varieties





of the six-rowed.



In Phelps’ history of cultivated plants

it is stated that barley meal was highly

commended by the ancient Greeks, and

for a long time continued to be the chief

bread plant of the poor, although wheat

was considered more palatable, and eaten

by the rich. Barley bread was the prin-

cipal food of the armies in ancient times.

and was the common bread of the poo-.-

all over Europe. The use of this bread

declined rapidly on the introduction and

cultivation of potatoes in the sixteenth

century. As a. result of potato culture.

and the improved methods of farming, and

the bringing into cultivation of vast areas

of new lands in America, together with

better and cheaper facilities for transport~

ing for long distances by land and water.

wheat has become cheapened to such an

extent that barley has lost its importance

as a bread plant, and is chiefly used at

the present time as a food for animals,

and making beer. The first settlers in New

Jngland raised barley fOr bread, as had

been their custom, but it was found to b('

so much inferior to Indian corn for that

purpose, its cultivation was abandoned for

that purpose, and the present day not

much barley is used for human food in

this country.





Pennsylvania. J. W. INGHAM.





 





ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS FOR

CLOVER FAILURE.





One of the chief causes for the numer-

ous failures of the clover crop lies in thc-

fact that most of the seed is sown broad—

cast and is not well covered. To make

sure of a stand of clover the seed must

be in the ground instead of merely on the

surface.



One of the most certain methods of

seeding clover, either on fall sown grain

or alone, is to drill it in with a single-

disk drill with a modern seeding device

which conveys the seed down through the

grain tubes and into the ground. A disk

drill may be used on fall-sown grain

without doing the grain crop damage.



A cutaway disk harrow set straight

may be used also on fields of fall sown

grain to roughen the surface before sow—

ing clover. After this is done the seed

may be sown broadcast and left for the

rains to cover, or a drag harrow or weed—

er may be run over lightly.



In many sections the drag harrow is

used on fall sown grains to work the clo-

ver seed into the ground. In Ohio, In-

diana and Illinois most soils are so heavy

and are so compact in the spring season

that this implement will not tear up the-

surface sufficiently. Some implements

like the cutaway disk harrow or the disk

drill is requirgdf



The time of seeding varies with the

method employed. If the clover seed is

sown broadcast and nothing done to cov-

er it, the seeding should be done early, of

a normal year. during February. if a

disk drill or cutaway disk harrow be used

in sowing sced or in covering it, the Seed-

ing should be postponed until the surface

of the soil is dry and a team can travel

over the field of fall sown grain without

doing it damage.



Seeding clover with oats is an uncertain

method. “'hen this is necessary a lighter

seeding of oats will assist the clover

greatly. The clover seed should be sown

when the oats are drilled or just ahead of

the drill, or with a seeding device on the

drill, the clover seed may be allowed to

pass down through the grain tubes and

go into the ground with'the oats. The

oats in breaking through the ground will

assist the clover in coming up.



J. A. DRAKE.

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.





 





SEED CORN.





Don’t wait till planting time, test your

Seed Corn now. If it doesn’t grow, ask

us for samples and prices. We are very

fortunate in having some good northern

grown Yellow Dent. Secure your Seed

Corn early, while you have a. chance to

get it. Good corn is scarce. Write to-

day. Address, Alfred J. Brown Seed 00..

Grand Rapids, Mich. Mention the Mich-

igan Farmer.





\
APRIL 20, 1912. ~

T H 08 E ROA DS.





 





As most of the older counties of the

state are not yet under the county sys-

tem for road building and we are under

the necessity of traveling the roads we.

now have or stay at home, ‘a suggestion





' at this time might be of some pertinence





to the situation which confronts most of

us, that is, if we wish to get away from

the farm at this time of the year.



The roads that have not been well grad-

ed and cared for the previous season are

a fright this spring. The wet fall we had

last year and the consequent loading of

the roads with water which froze right

into the roads when the winter set in,

put them in splendid shape for the mOSt

distressing conditions this spring with

the advent of warm weather. Practically

none of the common roads were cared for

at all last fall as they should be and so

this condition exists almost universally.

Now there is no sense in such a condi—

tion as this existing in this state this

year. We have had the gospel of the

King drag preached to us sufficiently long

so that we ought to be able to know

what is the beststhing for all the roads

and when to do it. There is no better

time in the world to work the road than

when the frost is going out of the ground

and there is no better tool in the world to

work with at this time than the King

drag. Iowa, as a state, has had sense

enough to realize this and she has de-

creed by legislative enactment that the

road drag shall be used on all her roads.

Tha‘tfl is, she has made the King drag a.

state institution.



In Michigan the general public, and the

average highway commissioner especially,

thinks the road drag too foolish for any

consideration whatever. Now let us see.

There is a two—mile stretch of road run-

ning by my place that ordinarily would

be in horrible shape for traffic at the

present time, April 8. As soon as the

frost was partly out of the more exposed

portions of this two miles, I began drag-

ging the road. There were several places

where the snow and ice- was two to three

feet deep when I began work. These

deep places were on the knolls or higher

portions of the road, and as they melted

the water ran right down the wheel

tracks and kept the road filled with water

perhaps forty rods from these deep banks.

One or two times over with the drag

changed all this. The surface of the road

was smoothed off and the water. instead

of running down the road ran off at the

side near where it came from.



It was interesting to notice several

stretches of this road so treated. While

the lower strata of the road were still

thawing out and the soil'in that region

was wet and very impressionable, the sur—

face had become so dried and hardened

that a team and load passing over it

would cause it to spring and give like

rubber ice under the venturesome skater.

\Vhile there are still a few places in the

road where the ice has not quite all dis-

appeared from the surface and there is

(onsequently considerable frost in these

places. yet the main part of the road is

quite well settled now and with another

dry day and one going over with the drag

we will have a road that will be ready

for the heaviest kind of traffic and that

at the same time will be graded almost

too high for traffic. All this with an ex—

pcnditure of time not to exceed one and

gthrcc—quartcr days. Note that at least

'part of this road was quite flat and get—

ting in bad shape. This little work has

not only dried and made passable the

road, but it has also graded it fully

enough, so that from now on care will

have to be taken to not over-grade the

road. Note again, that this was all done

when it was impossible to do anything

with a team upon the farm, and when the

Work was the most available and conse-

quently the cheapest. As this is a main

traveler] road, it will need more attention

from now on than the less traveled roads,

which might all be as godd as this road,

if treated in the same way. and very lit-

tle more work would be needed on them

to keep them in first-class navigable con-

dition all the rest of the time.



The township in which I live has or—

dered its board to secure a sufficient

number of King drags and place them in

different parts of the town with men who

will work them as directed, so that the

roads can all be cared for and kept in the

best navigable condition possible. This

is a step that all townships should take

for the cost of these drags issvery little.

not over five dollars at the limit, and

five dollars a mile ought to keep the roads

in practically perfect shape for a year,

with the exception of a few of the most

traveled roads in each township. These





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





would need a little extra care, because of

the extra travel. Figured on this basis

see what a foolish bunch we are, as a

rule, throughout the state, for we raise

and expend on our roads anywhere from

two to three times as much as this would

call for and then we have no roads when

we need them the most.



The patching, time killing work done

on most of our roads is the sheerest kind

of waste and is positively criminal in the

final analysis and ought to be punishable

with nothing less than a state’s prison

sentence. There is probably no greater

waste of the people’s money, unless it is

in the conduct of our rural schools, than

is found in the administering of the road

funds of the state. Since we are too

poverty (7) stricken and bull-headed to

do the sensible thing and get up under

the county system, let us at least have

common sense enough to try to stop some

of this foolish waste of road money and

begin to agitate and work for a saner

and more resultful method of caring for

our roads. What we want most/"egall is

a complete system of roads th ”tNare prac-

tically all the time navigabl for all the

people with all kinds of traffic, and the





‘way to secure this at once is by the use





of a reasonable number of King drags in i

every township. When we do this we?

can then begin to build some permanent!

state aid roads with the money we thus!

save and in the end haVe something to!

show for the money we have spent. \

Oakland Co. E. M. MOORE.





TOP-DRESSING MEADOWS WITH

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER.





 





“'e have, to our minds, never seen any

article describing the best method of

distributing fertilizer upon the meadow.

Also, when is thebcst time to apply it?

How about rolling it early in spring? Vt'e

have 70 acres, most of which has been

covered with from three to six loads of

manure per acre. How much fertilizer

of a 2:8:4 brand should be applied to clo—

ver and to timothy? \N'ithout anything

they would average one and a. half tons

per acre.



Tuscola Co. S. B.



I do not practice top-dressing meadows

with commercial fertilizer simply because

we never have anything but clover. mea—

dow and only keep that one year. I‘Ve

fertilize the wheat liberally when we seed

to wheat and then seed the clover in the

spring. “'e hold the clover one year and

then plow it down for corn. Several years

ago I did not have this practice thorough-

ly worked out and used to keep the mea—

dow down sometimes for three years.

and I have experimented some in top-

drcssing these older meadows and also

some with permanent pastures. I found





 





 





that the disk fertilizer drill was about

the best implement that I could get to

apply the fertilizer “with. Let the disks

run and in some places they will dig it a

little bit but not enough to in any way

injure the stand of grass, and even if

they do dig it I think it is all the better

for the fertilizer will be more effective. if

anything. Fertilizer can also be applied

with a broadcast distributor or lime

spreader. One of these tools makes an

excellent way of distributing fertilizer on

meadows or pasturts.



The fertilizer should be applied to the

meadow just as early in the spring as you

can get onto the meadow without Dilllt'll-

ing it up. In fact, the earlier the better,

and then I believe you‘ will get fully as

much benefit from the fertilizer which

you apply this spring next year as you

do this. BIuch of the nuiriment which

produces this crop of grass this year is

already stored up in the roots and crowns

of the grass, and clover, and the. fertilizer

which you apply must be carried into the

soil by the rains and dissolved in the Soil

moisture, before the roots can get it, and

I think from 300 to 500 lbs. per acre

broadeasted, evenly distributed, will give

quite effective results. No one can tell

how much it will increase the crop of hrlr

because much depends upon the season.

especially the distribution of moisture.

and the temperature, especially the early

Spring temperature. The only way I“

definitely ascertain the benefit derived

from top-dressing is to top—dress say,

one-half of the field, and then cut this

separately and compare it with the half

not fertilized. My experience was ‘that

it was a profitable investment. I would

expect that an application of fertilizer of

300 to 500 lbs. of fertilizer early this

spring would increase the tonnage at least

one-half ton per acre, and you would get

equal benefit from this fertilizer the next

year without an application next spring.

A 218:4 fertilizer is a good fertilizer, but

most people would think that it ought to

be a little bit higher in ammonia to be

a real good grass fertilizer.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Sears, Roebuck and Co.’s





SPECIAL

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-w.m‘- wit—v
470' (6)





rmwmj

FADS AND FANCIES IN BREEDING.



In these days when almost every farmer

who buys a pure—bred female of any class

or breed of live stock is referred to as a

breeder we may look for many different,

and what may appear queer, ideas as is

shown by the stock produced. Some

breeders do not put much thought and

study into their work and their animals

look like it. They sometimes appear as

though they had “just growed." The

'man who keeps the market classes of

stock in mind and so mates his animals

that the offspring shall be in demand is

the breeder who will do the most good

for his breed and for thOSe, who buy his

surplus and follow his lead. He may be.

considered the most free from fads and

fancies.



The breeder with a special fancy which

he nurtures and cultivates may some-

times be considered very successful for

a time and may reap big pecuniary gains

for himself in the meanwhile, or he may

not. This depends on the man, whether

he has that self-satisfied feeling that

makes him think “all his geese are

swans.” and the more rare, yet occasional

quality that enables him to make others

believe as he wants them to. Men of

this character can follow out almost any

fad or fancy and succeed for a time.

eventually the truth that “you can fool

all the people part of the time and part

of the people iii] the time. but you can't

fool all the people all the time,“ comes to

light. in the meantime these men have

pocketed the profits and deserted tht

breeding ranks or adopted some other

special fad.



'l‘he Iil‘ctjdcl's who follow the same plan

of brctding ano selling, with minor devia—

tions as conditions change, are the men

who help the brccd gct nearer practical

perfection. i‘nt‘ortunately, few are the

breeders of this day who have followed

their present line, of occupation for the

ycaIs of their active liVI-s and fewer yet

are those who, having grown up in the

business, haVe continued in the plans

their fathers outlined many ycars ago.





 





Like the politician seeking otiittial pre-

ferment, the popular breed of live stock

may well offer in supplication, “Lord, dc-

Iiver us from ctr foolish friends." The

Shorthorn breed of cattle, having been

most i'xtensivcly distributed throughout

the world through a long series of years.

has met several fads and fancies that

would have been fatal had there not been

so much intrinsic excellence in the breed,

and level heads on tilt' shoulders of many

of the breeders. One of the first great

herds with which i had any personal ob-

servation was becoming decidedly of

[Hitlt‘t'l' quality because of insistence on

the part of its owner in a certain sup-

posed-to-be-correct line of breeding. A

master hand appeared as manager of the

acid, a differ'ent line of blood was intro-

duced through the sires used. and the

herd again became' one of the grcatcst.



The color craze was another costly fad

that has not yet entirely rttn its course. in

some places, and though we do not eat

hair but beef, and no one can tell from

the. latter whcthcr the former was red.

white. or a combination of these two nat—

ural Shot-thorn colors, it is impossible to

sell a bull to many farmers that is not a

solid dark red. 'l‘hat most of the harsh

handlers are red docs not appeal to these

men.



The Scotch breeding fad. where indi-

viduality is not kept in mind, is doing

and may do a great injury to the breed.

While Scotch sires are deservedly popu-

lar, it should he kept in mind that they

are so on account of their ability to sire

stock of the right Sort. \\'l1en falling to

do this, as is sometimes the case, they

should be discarded. The family fad in

some breeds of cattle is one hard to ac-

Iount for and most difficult to overcome.

so soundly has it become established. In—

dividual character of the first six or

eight ancestors has more to do with the

duality of the animal than the imported

cow from which she descended and if

these be good the animal should produce

good stock.



in the hog line the most active fad of

the present day is enormous size. Thou-

sand-pound hogs are advertised. No

farmer has a thousand—pound boar. No

man 'Who grows pork and sends it to the

packers has any hogs of that size, and

few indeed of the numbers, even of aged

sows and stags, that cross the stockyard

scales reach half that weight. That ex-

tra quarter ton is a great margin. I be-

lieve it- remains to be demonstrated that





 





'THE MICHIGAN "FARM-ER. '





,the get of the half-ton boar will reach





a. profitable, marketable weight and con-

dition with as little feed and in as few

months as will the get of the boar weigh-

ing a third less or a little more than that

(I mean a 600 to 700-pound boar of

quality).



In years gone by the fancy 0g. the lit-

tle fellow of half the size nong con-

sidered as popular, was more advertised

as the correct type than the big one is

today and the strong, medium type won a

share of the premiums in the show ring

and filled the pens at the stockyards with

much regularity. I refer now more es-

pecially to the Poland China breed and it

was only because many breeders adopted

too little Fellows that the other breeds

have obtained the popularity they have.



Another fad is that the selling price is

the value of the animal, and that the get

of a boar selling for thousands of dollars

will. therefore, be of great usefulness in

the herd. Few men are sufficiently known

and honored that they will not be accused

by very many of the general public of

being in a scheme of some sort when a

large price is given or received for an

animal. I believe there is much less dis-

honesty in this line than is usually sup-

posed to be the case. yet such talk is

general and does harm. If a certain boar

is a better sire than any other one of his

breed, then there is scarcely a price that

may not legitimately be paid for him.

But who will decide and convince the

generality of breeders that the decision is

correct? Too great popularity ‘on the

part of a sire often leads to the use as

breeders many of his descendants that

should go to the stock yards.



\\'ho has fads and fancies that injure

the breed and the business of breeding?

\'erily. almost everybody.



Illinois. W. H. I'NDERWOOD.





.-__——_’—~ .—





SPRING CARE OF THE FLOCK.





Spring time is a busy time for the

farmer; there is much to be done and it

must be done right, for the whole year’s

Work depends much upon being started

right in the spring. The spring crops

mttst be sewn and planted as soon as the:

ground permits, and the work must be.

done well and in season if he is to hope

for the largest crops at harvest time.

Likewise is it the time when his flocks

and herds are increasing, and from that

increase he hopes to make his living and

his profits for his work. It is important

that he save all the little lambs that

come, and likewise necessary that he give.

them every possible chance to grow as

fast and as cheaply as he can. Well be.-

gun is half done, and it applies with ex-

ceptional t'orcr- to the young lambs dur-

ing the first month or two of their lives,

for it‘ given proper feed and attention at

that time they will be started far on

their way to maturity and to profit for

their keeper.



Lambing shearing and getting to grass

make a busy time for the Michigan farm-

cr who keeps a flock of sheep; it is tne

one season of the year when the flock

attention and proper feed.

Looming is probably Well through by this

time. but even at that the flock requires

close, attention until it is well on grass.

"he. ewes require good feed when they are

supplying nourishment to their own bott-

iI-s and growing a lamb. and they want

feed that increases the flow of milk. Clo-

ver hay is the best roughage, but we

hear men say, “What if you have none?"

(let the nearest to it that you can, and

keep just as far from timothy hay as you

can in feeding the ewes with lambs. Feed

plenty grain for a littlet time now; oats

and bran and some corn. In this year of

shortage of good hay it is especially nec-

essary to feed bran. Dried beet pulp is

also good, if you can get it. But do not

be afraid of feeding the ewes a good feed

of grain: they will furnish you the best

market you can get for it.



Some succulent feed is necessary; and

if you have none this spring you should

begin right now to calculate: on raising

some for another year. Silage is very

good, bill should not be fed in too large

amounts. We have found beets a very

cheap and desirable feed of this charac-

ter. for they take the place of much grain

as well as roughage, and they produce

milk, which is what you want at this

time.



The lambs should have a creep fixed

for them. This is a small pen built With-

in or adjacent to the main pen. into which

the lambs can get and the ewes cannot.

Here should be a trough with grain in it

all the. time. a rack with some clover

hay, just a little at a time, and a pail of

fresh water. The grain should be wheat

bran, with a little oats, and perhaps some





l‘t‘t I dirt-s





,lcct to disinfect the knife.





 





dried beet pulp mixed with it. Just fix

the pen, put the feed in, and let’ the

lambs go to it; they will find it easily

enough, and if you never tried it before

you will be surprised to see how 'much

feed they eat.





Before turning to grass there is much

work to be done with the sheep and

lambs. The latter should be docked and

castrated when they are ten days to three

weeks old. For this purpd’se we use a

good sharp knife, thoroughly disinfected

with carbolic acid or coal-tar dip; and

this latter is important, for we have lost

good lambs before now just from neg-

A good time

to do this is in the forenoon. Catch the

lambs and put in a small pen- by them-

selves just before feeding time- at night,

feed the ewes and let back in the shed,

then catch the lambs, operate on them,

and let run with the ewes. In this way

there is no unnecessary running of the

ewes or the lambs after decking and cas-

trating, they can lie down and be quiet.

and there is little danger of bleeding.

With castration it is best to put on some

disinfectant, such as coal-tar dip properly

diluted in warm water. In case of ex-

cessive bleeding, cob-webs will generally

stop it; if not, sear with a hot iron.





Before going to grass the ewes should

be Shorn, marked, and their feet cut. The

time of shearing depends upon the par—

ticular conditions of the individual flock

owner and cannot be set definitely, fur-

ther than that it should be before they

go to grass, for sheep in full fleece do

not thrive as well after it comes weather

warm enough to grow grass. and it is

more work to care for them. After shear—

ing is a good time to mark the tlock; in

fact, it should be done as soon as the

shearing is finished. The best way is [0

put a small metallic .label in the ear,

bearing your name or initials on one Side

and a number on the other. To mark

with paint as many do, put a, letter

or character on the back or rump of the

sheep, making it no larger than is abso-





 





lutely necessary. This can be done with

a marker of wood or of wire wrapped

with wool or twine, formed into the char-

acter with which you wish to mark. The

marking liquid should be- made of linseed:

oil and lampblack, or venetian red if the!

latter color is desired, with a little flour}

to thicken and make a body to the liquid.

This should be mixed thin so that it will!

run freely on the marker. Never use.

white lead nor tar; these damage the

fleece, as they do not scour out of it.





Sheep kept in the barn or yards all

winter on warm, soft manure all the time

make a large growth of hoof which has

no chance to wear off. This should he'

cut before going to pasture in the spring.

so that it will not break too short nory

grow ill—shapen and cripple the sheep;

This cutting should be done with a com-

mon hoot‘—~-or sometimes called a prun—

ing——shcar. which yott Can buy at any

good hardware store. In cutting, care

should be taken not to cut the hoof short

enough to hit the toe vein and make it

bleed; the hoof should also be cut on a

slant corresponding to the shape of the.

foot, so that when the sheep steps the

foot will rest naturally. We have seen,

many cut the toe squarely which throws;

the foot out of shape. This trimming can'

be done before or after shearing, as is‘

convenient; but all of these jobs should

be done before going to grass, because it

let go until the sheep are on pasture too

many times they are not done at all. 1,





Grass is what the ewes and lambs like

and what every farmer is anxiously

awaiting this spring: and as soon as the

first spear sticks its head through the

ground all will be after it. But too many

will want the sheep to get along with the

grass and no other feed; here is the big

mistake. The first grass is soft and

flashy, with little of the substance which

it acquires with two or three weeks’

time. and this early grass should be

treated as a relish and be accompanied

with the regular feed for at least a. week

or more. We have seen too many farm-

ers turn their stock, cattle as well as

sheep, out on pasture in the spring. and

expect them to get their entire livingl

from that the first day they turned them

out.



This is not reasonable, and the result

is that the stock loses as much the first

week it goes out as it gains in the next

month of good feed. How much better

to make the change from dry feed to

grass gradually. Turn out an hour or two

the first day, give the regular feed of

hay and grain, a little longer the next

day, a little less hay. in a few days the

grass takes the place of the hay, then

the grain ration can be reduced, and in

two or three weeks the change can be





 





I APRIL 20,1912;





Keep Hogs

\flcalthy





 





' A DIPPING TANK on A HOG WALLow





KRESOw DIPNQ .I





WILL DO THE WORK





THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR LOUSY MANGV

. UNTHRIFTY PIGS. IF VOU HAVE SOME ‘ '

OF THIS KIND YOU WILL FIND IT WORTH ’

WHILE TO GET OUR CIRCULAR ON

TANKS AND WALLOWS. IT TELLS '

HOW TO MAKE THEM OF CEMENT





KRESO DIP NQI





IS A REAL NECESSITV

ABOUT ALL LIVE srocn

FOR KILLING LICE .TICKS . MIrEs. FLE AS.

FOR TREATING sua.muc:,nmewonu,

, AND OTHER SKIN DISEASES:

,TO DISINFECT.DEODORIZE,'

CLEANSE a; pumsv.





ALL OF THESE USES FULLY DESCRIBED

IN OUR BOOKLETS‘. WRITEFOR COPIES

ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR KRESO DIP NO.I





PARKE,DAVIS 8t CO"





DI: PART ME NT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

DETROIT,





DEVI“)?! MICH-





Kalli;





\\





”o ' \li'.

ll IlllitHlAVlMti/l





 





 





Warranled

to give. satisfaction.





   





GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





Asafe, speedy and

positive cute for





Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Ca a flock,

Strained Tendons, Founder, ind Pufi‘s,

and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone

and other bony tumors. Cures all skin

diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.

gagiwes all Bunches from Horses or

a e.





As 3. HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

matl-m, Spruinl, Sore Throat, etc“ it.

is invaluable.



Every bottle of Can-tlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to giveb satisfaction. Price 81. 50

per bottle. Soldb ydruggistsI or sent by ex-

press, charges paid, with ll directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials,etc. Addre





THE LAWRIIIGI-WILLIUS GOII’AIIYfilonland. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





STOP! STOP! STOP!





Thirty Days Trial of





Unltod Stat-I Bonded

km zine. Bums gamed“.

‘12qu dvanfagos-12





lat, Pays for itself In fuel saving

in short time. 2nd No violent v1-





bration. 3rd, Greatly reduced bulk.





1:, Ab-

st proof. 7th, Positively

most angrily“! tanning“. engine



\ . .h. algal. 9th. finial] pulkywn. on

2 ‘0 8° II. P. ‘ er! Lubgcationmoo infra Wig?

Wonderful New 1111:. nth- world.

Pumplnzlnzlno film :5. la 111111.60 rem

Send postal todayfor unit Rod 8&2: In no Work.





 





 





 





intimated Cat-Ice. "Io. can-I “1 lg. im'i





 





 

 

 

   





 





prevent damage to eggs. garden truck. fruits, live stock

on road to market. Make an wagon a lulu lune. Soon

save cosh-produce brings igger prices—wagon lasts

longer—horses benefited—thousands in use—' 'my wagon



‘ rides like auto" says one. Get a pair at dealers.

‘ It not at dealer' 9 write us. Insist on Harvey‘ s.

40 sizes—fit any wagon—sustain any load to

10,000 lbs. Catalogr and fistful of proofs free.



WEI m1?“ 9.. m. III. .





   





   

   

 





 

   

 

 





 

 





sumac.





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





.11..





!w
APRIL 20, 71912.





made, and the stack will keep in, good ‘





condition and grow, instead of having .a

setback. It takes a. li'ttie work and feed,

to'be sure, but most things do cost that

are worth while. ‘



‘Another thing from which the sheep

farmer should protect his flock is the cold

rains which 'we often have in the spring.

A warm shower does not hurt the sheep.

but we have seen farmers who would

leave a flock of shorn sheep and little

lambs out in one of these one or two

days’ rains that we get here at this

season of the year, generally because they

Would be too indifferent or thoughtless

to take care of their sheep, and then they

wonder why their neighbors’ lambs grow

faster than theirs. Every farmer has a

barn where he can put his sheep if nec--

essary, out of the storm and wind, and

when one of these long, cold rains begin

it is time to get the flock into that barn.

It will save as much flesh as two weeks’

good feed can put on them,



Sheep require the least attention of any

class of live stock, but spring is the one

time when they do need some care. It is

these attentions which aid their growth

and increase the farmer's prots,



\Vashtenaw Co. ROSCOE W001).

POSSIBILITIES OF HORSE BREEDING



FOR THE FARMER.





 





(Continued from first page).

her. But with the approach of the foal-

ing time the critical period of the venture

is reached. At this time the mare should

be placed in a roomy box stall and de-

velopments should be carefully watched.

The stall should be, thoroughly disinfected





 





 





THE V'MICHIGAN FARMER.





again put into the harness within two or

three weeks after foaling, and if properly

fed and intelligently handled excellent

results will be secured. In this event the

colt should not be allowed to follow her

about, but should be confined in a box

stall or small paddock containing a suit-

able shelter while the mare is in the har-

ness. Care should be taken not to over-

heat the mare, and especially not to per-

mit the colt to nurse after she has'been

heated without first milking her out.

While the colt is young the mare should

be brought to the barn to permit the colt

to feed in the middle of the forenoon and

afternoon, as its stomach is of small ca-

pacity and it is natural for it to eat little

and often. If denied the privilege diges-

tive disorders are likely to result and

handicap its growth. Not a little in the

thrift and welfare of the colt will depend

upon the feeding of a suitable grain ration

to the mare, both before and after the

colt learns to eat grain with her. A lib-

eral portion of bran should be used with

cats as the base in the ration, and if

there is no pasture some roots to add

succulency t0 the ration will be most

beneficial. Corn is not a suitable food for

the brood mare unless well balanced with

protein feeds and with plenty of succu-

lent feeds in the ration, and even then

the other grains mentioned are far more

satisfactory.



The weaning time should not be. a criti—

cal period in the colt’s life if proper meth—

ods of feeding are pursued. The aim

should be to keep the colt growing thrift-

ily and constantly from birth to matu-

rity. Too much fattening feed is not de-

sirable, but if properly balanced a liberal





 





CopyrlghtedPhoto by F. Babbage.





English Southdown Wethers.-—First and Breed Cup Best Shortwool and Champion

Pen at the Smithfield, England, Show.





 





to minimize the danger of navel infec-

tion and its consequent ills which are the

bane of many a colt’s young life. As soon

after foaled as possible the colts navel

cord should be tied about an inch from

the body with a strong silk or linen cord,

which has been previously dipped in a

disinfectant, the navel cord out below

the structure and a disinfectant applied

to prevent germs from entering the body

through this avenue. This may seem a

needless precaution, but it is one which

will save the life of many a valuable foal.

Quiet, with moderate fecding of a. cooling

ration, with protection from inclement

wcaiher or hot sun will be best for both

mare and foal for ten days or two weeks,

when the latter will be propitiously start-

ed on the road to horseship.



The subsequent handling of the mare

and colt, however, is a matter of vital

importance in the making of a profitable

brood mare 0f the former and a valuable

horse of the latter. If the mare can be





laid off during the period of suckling the





colt, the results will be better than if she

is worked. This fact is an argument for

the raising of fall colts where this can be

done in case but one brood mare is kept,

or of some fall colts in case several are

bred. In the case of the fall colt the

more can be better spared from the farm

work and will feed her colt well during

the winter if fed liberally without shrink~

ing materially in flesh or becoming de-

pleted in vitality. Then, with proper sup-

plementary feeding after weaning, with

diluted skim-milk, if available, as well as

with a proper grain ration, the colt will

go onto grass in the spring without any

check in growth. But it is not always

DOSSible to regulate the foaling season as

one might wish, and this is not an essen-

tial point in any event, so long as gOOd

judgment is used in feeding both mare

and colt. ~ -



If needed for work the mare may be





grain ration will induce growth rather

than fat. The result of proper feeding

during the entire period of growth will be

a symmetrical development coupled with

(‘arly maturity which will add not a little

to the value of the horse. either for use

upon the farm or for market purposes,

and a colt so reared will be a source of

constant satisfaction as well as of ulti-

mate profit.



Just a word as to the profit in this kind

of horse breeding for the average Mich-

igan farmer. It will cost no more to bring

a colt of this kind to maturity than it

will to produce a fat steer. aside from a

slightly larger original investment. But

the. colt will bring nearly, if not quite,

twice as much as the steer when finished

and will be the source of more than twice

as much satisfaction and pride. In addi—

tion he may be the means of keeping the

boy on the farm, for there is no one thing

more attractive to the farm boy than

good horscs. Some readers will say that

raising horses does not pay, or that ev—

erybody is going at it. and that when lhcy

get them grown there would be no mark-

evt for them. iut there will always be a

market for the kind of horses which may

be produced on the farm if the plan

above outlined is followed out, and at

prices which will insure a good profit

above the cost of production. We venture

without fear of successful contradiction,

that the majority of those who will ad-

vance this argument are farmers who

have been satisfied with breeding or own-

ing mediocre horseflesh. But if they will

(lC'VQIOD the liberality and good business

judgment to either buy or raise the good

kind they will quickly disabuse their

minds of this idea. It is for the considera-

tion and benefit of this class, as well as

for the class of Michigan farmers who

have never fully considered the possibil-

ities of horse breeding for the small

farmer, that this article is written. Try it





out on a. small scale and you will be con-z

vinced thathorse breeding holds attrac-

tive possibilities for you.





OATS FOR CATTLE FOOD.





.—





Please tell me if oats make good cattle

feed, and if so how to feed them. Also,

is emmer or speltz good for cattle? What

kind of ground and what crop is sheep

manure best for?



Missaukee Ce. L, H. L.





While oats are considered to be pre-

cminently a horse food, yet they are a

splendid food for all stock. For dairy

cows especially it will pay to grind them

and make them into ground oats or oat

meal simply because you will get better

digestion and assimilation.



'Emmer, and also speltz, is a food that

is not so very thoroughly understood in

this country as yet. Men who ought to

know claim that emmer is better adapted

for a, stock food than speltz, and that it

is a more valuable plant. In fact, some

people claim that the improved emmer

will prove to be an exceedingly valuable

stock food. It has been so strOneg recom—

mended that I am trying out 011 Lillie

Farmstead an acre of winter emmer this

year, and I will be able to tell more about

it. It is recommended for cows, and also

for hogs. If it proves to be a good hog

food it will come at the time of the year

when the farmer is usually short of feed

for his growing hogs.





 





Sheep Manure.



Sheep manure is good for all kinds of

crops. Use it wherever you would use

any kind of stablc manure. There is

some difference of opinion just where it

is most profitable to use stable manure.

One has to figure this out for himself,

taking into consideration his own condi-

tions. So far as I am concerned per-

Sonally, under my conditions I would think

the bcsl place to put the manure is on a

clover sod and plow it down, to be fol—

lowcd with corn. This furnishes abundant

food for the growing corn plant and with

as little labor and as little loss as the

manure can ho handled.



CoLoN C. LILLIE.

THE SUMMER’S SUPPLY OF WATER.



The cattle usually have sufficient water

for their purposes in the spring, but dur—

ing dry times of summcr, as it is incon-

venient to leave the many duties that a

farmer is then called upon to do, the

herd is apt to suffer on long hot days for

want of water merely because propcr ar-

rangements wore not made when there

was time to look after such work. If a

well, or tank, is nccdcd put down the well





 





 





or construct the latter while the ground‘





1





Safe-cenaln anv- E

, Mineral Heavo Remedy Co..463 Fourth Av... Pittsburgh.





is getting rcady for the plow. \\'ilh pro-1

vision madc tho cows are quite sure to be}





attcndcd to, which will result in better





returns from them. i





THE STABLE MEDICINE CHEST.



Owing to the latcness of spring, the

average farmer will fccl obliged to VVOI‘K

his teams hardcr from the start than in an

ordinary ycar when they can be season—

ed to the work gradually. This means

morc than the usual amount of trouble

with ills incidcnt to overworking after a

long pcriod of rest for the farm horses,

and conscquently inducing troubles which

may rcsuh in unsoundness if not given

innncdiatc attention. For this reason it is

more than ordinarily important that a

stable medicine (-lu-St be provided in Ol‘~-

dcr that rcmedics for thos‘c ills may be at

hand for frequent use. A goodly number

of standard rcmedies will be found ad—

vortiscd in those columns and these, to—

g1-ther with the simple rcmcdies with

which all are familiar, should be con-

slantly at hand in ordcr that possible loss

of time and ptrhaps serious damage t0

the farm horses may be obviated.





 





The. host fer-dcr cattle have been sell—

ing at Chicago at ligurcs close to 60 cents

per 100 lbs. higher than a year ago, fcw

having been sold at that time above

$5.85, but the, light and medium grades of

feeders have been selling no more than

23 cents higher than last year, with part

of the sales not any higher. Not long

ago there “as a sale of 26 hcad of prime

Angus fecdeis at $6. 70 per 100 lbs. but

this was an exceptional transaction, the

(attle being just adapted for a quick

feed and north the price for imediate

slaughtering liven prime stockers weigh-

ing around 700 to 750 lbs. a1e selling con-

siderably above $6, some sales having

been made recently at $6.15@6 25.





The Iowa Beef Producers’ Association

has started a campaign for greater home

production of cattle. The plan is to en-

courage Iowa farmers to raise more steer

calves and depend less upon the ranges

of the west for feeding cattle.





The sale is reported at Amarillo, Texas,





of an exceptionally good bunch of steer

yea1lings at $31. 50 per head.





 





.(7) 471





 





HEWO STOCK FARM





The Home of the





 





BELGIANS





This announcement is for the men

who know a horse, who need a. horse,

and who are familiar with values

when they find something suitable.

Have you, Mr. Stallioner, spent dol~

Jars uselessly searching for a first-

class Belgian stallion or a No. 1 Bel-

gian mare for a price at which you

could afford to own same? Have you,

Mr. -Prospective Purchaser, decided

where you are going to find what you

want?



We want to state here, and to state

most emphatically, that our twenty-

five years’ buying experience in Bel-

gium, and our selling system (all

stock sold at the farm), places us in

a position to sell a good stallion or

a good mare at prices beyond com-

petition



\Ve are talking of good horses, not

the mediocre kind, and we are in

position to sell this good kind at lesser

figures than are demanded by some

firms for the ordinary sort. If you are

in the market for an extra good im-

ported Belgian stallion or mare, come

to Hewo and save all these useless

side trips, secure a horse that repre-

sents every dollar that is demanded

for same, and be a gainer of several

hundred dollars on account of “the

difference in price.”



We have I number of homo bred colts at



extremely reasonable prlceu.



‘* Remember, Nothing but Belgians.”





Don’t wait to write, visit.





 





 





H. & H. WOLF, Wabash, Indiana





 





 





 





Send today ,

for only will cure any “11.; or

' PERMANENT '“°"°Y r0 an o





MINERAL

HEAVE

, 0322.5? REMEDY





   

 

 





 

   

   

   





$1 Package



cures ordinary cases.

‘ Postpaid on receipt of price.

‘ Agents Wanted '

Write for descriptive booklel





 

   

   

 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Take the tim’e; come to our barn:

geta Stallion. A whole barn fun

of good ones. Don’t buy an in-

ferior horse and complain. Buy

of us and be satisfied. Our old

customers buy again: why not

you?



We always handle the good

ones and will use you right.

Give us a trial. It will be worth

while.



GEO. W. SOUERS 0 SONS,

601 to 949 West Matilda Sh.





HUNTINGTON. IND.

()ur Stallion Sm ricc book for 106,





 





w_-——

__





 





JACKS and MULES





Raise mules and get rich. 18

Jack and mule farms under

one management, where can

be seen 560 head fine large

Jacks, Jennets and mules, 14

to 17 hands high. Good ones.

Stock. guaranteed. Write

for prices today. Address





Krekler’s Jack Farm

West Elkton, Ohio





Branch Burn—Gluten. Indiana





Breeders of Jacks and Percheron Horses .3333?

year old jacks 15 éearlings. Some nice Percheron

Stallions, Mares, olts and Tamworth swine, All

stock registered or subject-to registry. We would be

[filed to have you visitmouvz farm or write for circulars.



T. Brown & Co . .Bhort St., Lexington, Ky.





PERGHERDN





Stallions and Mares of quality.

At Reduced Prices.



I. A. PALMER &. SUNS, Balding, Ionia 00.. Mich.



FOR SALE OR TRADE!





A 4-YEAR-OLD_ BELGIAN STALLION,

Weighs 1980 lbs, right. in every way! Also two young

S. one (ioming ntwo years old and the other

coming three. light. nevery way. Address

W. G. HIMME WRIGHT, Frankfort, Indiana.





REGISTERED cuntsplit mum. gauge-n





Ba , 3 years old. eihfit rlec reasonable.

ad rose HARLTON. 312 uh] Block, Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





.M.....j. .. > ..





"Jazz: romp-v ...





«may.
47 2 (8)





 





VYmVVVYY YVYYYYVVYVVYYY





VETERINARY :





"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V, S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a‘ fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





“Y7





 





 





 





 





 





Indigestion—Milk Shrinkage—Navel In-

lection.~~l have a live-year-old mare

whose milk flow dried three weeks before

she foalcd; colt lived only two days. Did

her milk shrinkage cause death of col ‘2

The mare is due to foal June 1, but is

already making bag. Is there any risk of

losing next colt'.’ A. 13., Sherwood, Mich.

*b‘eed and work or exercise your mare

daily, when she foals tie navel of colt

with :l silk or linen or catgut string, one

inch from body. but be sure string has

been soaked in one part carbolic acid

and 10 parts giycerine or sweet oil, then

apply one part bichloridc mercury and

500 parts water to navel twice a day un-

til it heals.



Sore Neck.——l‘<‘or the past three years

my horse has been troubled with sore on

top of neck causcd from collar. A. _S.,

lioi'r, )llL‘ll."rCllp hair of short, use zinc

or deer skin pad and apply the ft'illowrng

lotion three or four times a day: Dis—

solvc 1,, lb. acct-ate of lead, 3 ozs. sulphate

of zinc and ‘J ozs. ot‘ tanuic nctd in a. gal-

lon of water.



Hide—bound: Have a tcn—year-old brood

mare that is hide-bound, legs stock and

she is losing ilcsh. ’l‘. (L, ()wosso, Mich.

—~t1room her \\cll twicci a day, increaSe

her grain ration and give he.i“1/2 oz.

ground gcntian, 1,2: oz. powdered cmchona

and a dessertspoont‘ul of salt at a dose

in feed three times a day. She should be

led some roots. _



Sprained li‘etlock!l{nuckling.mllave a

horse. that is lame in hind t‘etlock and

also knuckles on same joint. E. 8., Mi.

l’lcasazit, Midis—Apply cerate of can-

tharidcs or you can safely use any of tho

blisters that are regularly advertisedun

this paper. if lit-avy pulling or fast driv—

ing or chrwork has. produced this trou-

blc, then give him rest until a recovery

Likes place.





Out of ('Olldlll‘lll.—“l‘:Vel‘_V week I read





with interest Michigan Farmer and am

cspccially intercstctl in the Vet. column.

but [all to find prescription for parallel

cast- to mine. llorse it} years old fed

t'ullv as well as. my other horses, but re-

mains very thin and I would like to know

what to do. V'. V.,‘Bridgcport, Illicit——

increase his grain supply and give a tea-

spoonful of powdered copperas, 1 dr. of

ground wormseed and 1 oz. ground gen-

tian at a dose in feed night and morning.

_\lso salt him well and feed some roots.



Kicking I—lorse.-—I would like to know

if there is any opiate or quicting medr

cine that could be given to a kicking

horse to prevent this Vlt't‘. lie is a ner-

vous brute and a very bad kicker. M.

(7.. Kinsley, Micli.——.\'o permanent satis-

factory results can be obtained by using

anodines. suth as, opium or preparations

made from opium. or chloral hydrate. etc.

.\ good it-anister and plenty of hard work,

working the horse single with kicking

strap. is perhaps the best way to manage

a kicker. ficmember, if the head is

theckcd up high this will have a. ten-

tli'llt')’ to keep his hind end down.



Sprained Tendon—My horse, sprained

his tendon six weeks ago, since, then he

has been quite lame and I have applied

liniment three times a day without doing

him much good. This horse is not much

iaine while walking, but trots quitc lame.

t}. L., Holland, Mich—vYou may be mak—

ing the leg sore by applying too much

Illlllllelll. Apply the following liniuicnt

three times a day: Equal parts tincture

nconitc. tlnid extract belladonna. alcohol

and soap liniinont.



[{lltJO—Sl'll‘llngrml have a four—year—old

more that seems to be getting a little

knee-sprung. \Vliat cauldo forit‘.’ I". ll.,

.\'orvell, l\licli.~st"lip hair off back tendons

:iiid apply cerate of cantharidcs or any

out- of the blisters that are regularly ad—

vertised in this paper.



Chronic Cough-#lncipient .lleaves.——I

have a valuable horse seven years old

that lifts had a cough for sometime and

occasionally he breathes as if he had

lieaves .l. ‘V. L., Morley, Micli.~—Feed

no clover or musty, dusty badly cured

fodder of any kind and give 1 dr. pow—

dered lobelia. 2 drs. muriate ammonia

and a dcssertspoonful of Fowler’s solu—

tion in feed thrcc times a day.



Stifie Lamenessel have a two—year-

old mare that frequently shows lameness

in stifle. is there any help for this tilly‘?

it. C. D, Alto, MicerApi’ily one part red

iodide of mercury and ten parts ccrate

of cantharides to stiffle three times a

month. '



(‘i-ib Biting—Have a mare 12 years old

that has been a. crib biter all her life and

I would like to know if she can be cured.

l. M. N.. Greenville. Mich—She is incur-

able. but she should be kept in a stall

without manger or edges of boards for

her to crib on and she should be fed out

of manger on floor.



Chronic Sore Shoulders—I purchased a.

mare sometime ago that had sore, shoul~

ders and I fail to heal it. Have used dif—

ferent collars without result. G. A.. An

ires. Mich—A bunch or some loose hide

should perhaps be cut out. then apply

equal parts powdered alum. oxide of zinc

and boracic acid to shoulder sore three

times a day.



Bone Spavin.—-I have a mare five years

old that has a spavin on each hind leg

and I would like to know how to cure

them. G. W. B., LaSalle, Mich—I would





 





advise- you to use any one of the guaran-

teed bone spavln remedies that are ad-

vertised regularly in this paper. Kindly

understand some cases of bone spavin,

where the hinge part of joint is involved,

cannot be cured.



Cow Fails to Come in Heat—I have five

cows that came fresh in December and

January and none of them have ‘come in

heat yet, but are nearly all milking well.

V. E. F.. Hartford, Mich—Increase their

grain supply and when warm weather

sets in they will come in heat. By giving

them each 15 grs. powdered cantharides

and a dessertspoonful capsicum at a dose

in feed once or twice a day it will have

a tendency to bring them in heat.





Impaction.—Some 25 of my 40 lambs

have died and about the only symptoms

they Show is dumpishness, lifting one

hind leg up after the other, then the head

finally draws. back and 24 or 48 hours

later they die. 1 have been feeding the

sheep on hay, oats, cornstalks, beans and

bean pods. Lately l have been feeding

some beans and bean bods and this has

been the principal part of their ration.

Vt'. It, Romeo, Mich.-——Your lambs may

(llt‘ as the. result of congestion of spine,

but I am somewhat inclined to think that

death may be result of impaction, result-

ing from feeding too many beans and bean

pods. Give them enough castor oil and

olive- oil to open their bowels, or give ell-

som salts. I also suggest that you change

their feed. You should have told me how

old your lambs were. Furthermore, yott

should have examined their insides after

(cat'i.



Nodular Diseasc.~I am anxious to know

what is the matter with my Sheep and

if there is any help for them. They seem

to lose appetite, dump around two or

three days. then lay down and seldom

get up before death. I opened all of the

dead Ollcs, found their bowels covered

with small warts, and on opening these

bunches found a greenish substance in

them. These. bunches vary in size from

a kcrnel of wheat to the size of a hick-

ory nut and their bowels seemed to be

decayed on one side. B. 13.. Lawton,

i\‘l_'icli.—»Your sheep are dying of nodular

disease, a parasitic bowel ailment. when

in the advanced stages is incurable. Give

cach sheep 3 ozs. of a one per cent solu-

tion of coal tar creosote and water, one

part to 954 parts. water: one dose of this

(lll(‘(' :t week. Also salt your sheep well

and feed them plenty of grain. The fat

ones had perhaps better be marketed for

mutton.



[watt Lambs—I have a flock of grade

Shropshire owcs that have been fed clov—

cr hay. cornstalks, also bean pods for

fodder. ’l‘hesc owes have had plenty of

housing room, allowed to run out day—

time. Some ot‘ these ewes had dead lambs

and somn oi‘ the lambs die within 24 or

36 hours after birth. G. R. T., Assyria,

Micli.—'.i‘liey may have dead lambs at

birth, the result of injury, or the lambs

may smother at lambing time. You can

do no better than give your lambs good

care. but keep them from chilling. I

have thought that lambs should be dried

by artificial hcat during the cold winter

months and in fact I had heated quarters

for my lambing ewes when engaged in

farming and sheep raising. This has been

a cold winter and raw, damp spring

weather. There is great difference be-

tween the temperature of ewo and our

winter weather; therefore. it is good judg-

ment to keep the lambs warm until they

are a few days old.



l'nthrifty llogs.~—I have four hogs that

do not take on llesh: have been feeding

thcm corn twice a day and cooked beans

Oiicc daily. These hogs are kept in a

warm basement barn, are now seven

months old and will weigh about 100 lbs.

each. .I. H. G., Sunfield, Mich—Give each

hog a teaspoonful of ground gentian, the

same quantity of ginger and 20 grs. of

powdered sulphate iron at a. dose in feed

twice a day.



ltoarer.——-My five-year-old horse has

liecn short winded for the past two years,

but I am certain that he hasn’t heaves.

M. (1., Coopersville. Micli.———.\ surgical op-

eration on throat performed by a compe-

tcnt surgeon might affect a cure, but

drugs will have. little or no effect.



\\':trbles.--— Some of my cattle have

bunches about the size of a. walnut, but

the cattle appear to be well. \\’hat treat-

ment do you advise. W. O. 1)., Ccdar.

Mit-li.~—(‘iit through liidc with a clean

sliaip pcnknife, Squeeze out grub. kill him

and apply one part carbolic acid and 30

parts water once a day. or dust in bor-

acic acid into pockets once a day until

the skin heals,



Cow Sticks Other Cows—J have a (tow

that sucks other cows, have made her

wear halter with nails in nose piece, but

it is a failure. .l.

Make her wear a wire muzzle when she

is not eating is about the only way to

keep her from sucking cows if she is

with thcm.



(fold a\l)$('0$.\'.’—“v(' are readers of the

Michigan Farmer and derive great bene-

fit from it. Have a cow with large bunch

on brisket that is gradually growing, and

what we have done fails to help her.

This bunch is size of a two—quart pitcher.

it]. t). C.. Fenton, Mich—Open into center

of bunch and you will find some pus, this

pocket will have a tough, hard wall which

must either be. cut or sloughed out by us~

ing either powdered sulphate: of copper

or corrosive sublimate. If you find no

hard center wash out pocket with any

one of the coal-tar preparations that are

regularly advertised in this paper, twice

daily.



Chronic Garget.-—My cow had garget

last summer: treatment seemed to make

her better and I was under the impres—

sion that she was cured, but now both

fore—quarters of bag are diseased. She

came fresh Feb. 4, and I find hard lumps

in udder. J. F. H., Bellaire, Mich—It

would be no mistake to test her for tu-

berculosis. Give her 2 drs. iodide potas-

sium at a dose two or three times a day

and apply iodine ointment to bunches

once a day.





THE MICHIGAN; FARMER. "





A. B., Linden, Michn!





 





SAVE

MONEY





I Will Save You $25 to

$50 °." Manure Spreader





 





 





There Isn't the equal anywhere

of Galloway's Manure Spreader with

Mandt's new gear. Quality highest.

price lowest. results biggest. security

greatest. Simple —a boy can run it:

efficient—it will operate perfectly. on

any ground in any weather; durable—ll

lam a lifetime- Get the book.





I Will Save You $25 to

$300 on a Gas Engine





 





 





Smut. “oodles! power for any kind of firm



work. I guarantee my engine: to be made of



the highest grade material. by the moat aklllod



workmen; to develop more than need horse



power. They will outlive, give better service



than the high priced dealer sold enginoa, Ind

min-o economic-l.





fwui Save You $20 to

$45 ‘2' Cream Separator





 





Galloway Bulb-ln- ,

Oll Cream Seplm- :5

ton In all.“ to '

clean, calm to

run, offnut pun.





moat of the but

quality exam.



You Can’t Get

These Valuosllny-

where But From

Galloway. Make

Me Provo ll.





   

 

   





   

   





 





   

 

 





[JCrum Separators

Nume........ ....... .....





Town..‘.





State............................ RFD.............................





Is Over





There was a time when a

farmer who wanted uallty

oods for his farm or ome.

ad to pay the dealer any

price the dealer wanted to

charge—and you know they

know how to charge. tool It

was either high prices for

what you wanted, or poor,

shoddy stuff if you tried to

buy at a low price. But that’s

all over.





GMLOWAY





HasThem on the Run





I will sell you the hifh quality goods you used to pay the dealer

highest prices for, and ’

together truck of the ordinary mail order house is sold at. How’s

that fora rare combination! Is it any wonder the dealers are

whimpering! In it any wonder they are calling Galloway names?

Is it any wonder they are talking “hard times"? The times are

hard for them. and the manufacturers they represent—they

simply can’t compete with Galloway. But it‘s their own fault;

they have been overcharging you—now they are up against it.



Just look at what I





ll sell them at the low prices the thrown





can save you on manure spreaders, gas





enginesmream separators, or anything else you want. Write me

to uy—uae the coupon, marking what you want. I'll figure out a

saving that will surprise you. And remember, Galloway manu-

factures only highest quality goods.





The Wm. Galloway 00.. 64888 Galloway Statit‘m, Waterloo, Iowa





REMEMBER-We carry complete stocks of I" our machines In our ware-

houses at Chicago, Kansas City. Council Bluffs and Illnnelpolls—ln-

luring Prompt Shipment.



- —





Wm. Galloway, Prosldont





Wm. Galloway President

sminzivins M:- 11.. Wm. called-y Com&uhy.

[on mum—m eaaaaoaumy It... arm-loo, lain.





' Send me catalog; show me savings on

I [ ] Manur- Spreader.





[ ] Gas Incl-nu .

[ ] General Merchandloi I

!





   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





(41) » Saginaw, Mich.





 





 





Get MoreWool





Get Longer Wool

Get More Money





for your wool by shearing with 3 Stewart machine because

such wool has a longer fibre. Wool buyers pay more fat

long staple—and you get the longest by shearing with 3





Stewart No. 9 Ball Bearlnx

(Q. Shearing Machine





This is. without question. the most perfect hand

operated shearing machine ever devised. Has

ball bearings in every part where friction or wear

occurs. Has a ball bearing shearing head of the

latest improved Stewart pattern.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Price of machine.

all complete, including

4 combs and 4 cutters

of the celeb rated

Stewart quality is





Onl $11—50

y



Get one from

your dealer. or

Qfl‘ send 32.00 and we

will ship C. 0. D



for balance.

M o n c y a n d

‘ ‘Q, transportation





0 a" l. - 0 charges back if

"‘ not pleased.





Chicago Flexible Shaft Company





[15 La Salle Ave.. Chicago. Ill.





thbe for big new catalogue showing the most complete and

modem line of Horse Clipping and Sheep Shearing

achines on earth.





Perfection Stable

Equipments





If you want. t eBest. Stum-hion.

Manure Carrier, Stall or Manger

Partition or Water Basin on the

market, write the



STANLEY G. SWIFT MFG. 00.,

> Box C. Cuba. N. Y.



‘ Merit. not. in Ad., but in thegoods.





Penn's Post Hole Au or €213.31

every day used. Write us for free ooklet. THE

FENN MANUFACTURING 00.. Charlotte, Mich.



free book how to get. Patents.





P A T E N T Patents secured or fee returned





SUIS l COMPANY. 800 7th St, Washln'lon. D. 0.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





—STANT FAGTORIIS. Send for





 





 





It takes four big factories. equipped with special modern Silo machinery. to

make the Saginaw-the most scientific Silo—and to turn out enough Silos to

meet the demand. It takes this big equipment to make a Silo right. Scientific

manufacture enables the makers of Saginaw Silos to otfer you the only Silo with





BASE ANCHOR AND INNER ANCHORING HOOP





—greatest improvements yet made on a Silo. The Saginaw Base Anchor

-‘ firmly roots Silo like giant oak. With Saginaw Inner Anchoring Hoop at

top and Base Anchor at bottom, you need never fear that staves will ever

' . loosen or fall in. or that Silo will ever collapse or blow down. Free Book of Pic-

tures. for you, shows Saginaw factories inside and out. Ask for Circular-Q





FARMERS HANDY WAGON COMPANY

Minneapolis, Minn.





Des Noines, Iowa Cairo. Ill.





 





Howell consignment Sale 00.





WILL HOLDZTHEIR





SEGOND ANNUAL SALE





' OF REGISTERED





HOLSTEINS





At Howell, Mich.,





May 9,1912





We are offering 71 head of high class cattle, backed

by a long line of A. R. 0. stock cows of great; slze.

with records from 18 £022 lbs., some in the semi-

oflicial list. daughters and g.-daughters of Sadievale

Concordias Paul De Kol 3d, (dam 30.05, g.-dam 30.64).

some bred to him. Stock from or bred to such sires

as Canary Mercedes Royal Climax, King Pieter-tie

Hartog, Sir Pontiac Mechthilde, Sir Fayne Johanna.

Albino. Catalogues April 25. Cattle tuberculin

tested. R. E. HAEGER, Auctioneer,

MARK B. CURDY, Sccy. ll. No. 6. Howell, Mich.





125 llolstein-Frlesians At Auction





Attend the

0hio Breeders Company’s





Second Seml-annual Sale at

Wellington, Ohlo,

April 23. at ID a. m., sharp.





125 ood individuals of the best blood of the breed.

her —headers. cows, heifers and heifer calves.

See a 910 of April 13th issue of Michigan Farmer

for it] particulars.





FOR SALE—gfiifi‘f‘i‘ffig imamfid‘?





a good one. iVVM. GRAHAMJB. R. No. 42. Ada. Mich.





 





 





 





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd. misting of Trojan Erl Blackbirda and

Pridec, 00;”, is headed by [fir-ton . a. Tromn Erica.

by Black Woodlavm. sire of t 0 Grand Churn ion am:

in? r ‘l’°b1.:l°““‘°“b‘lil“m‘3“éfit:°' .... mo-



toe youn u .

Wv‘irooo my 510%: FARM. Ionla. mob.





AIRY BRED SHORTHORN cows and heifers

D bulls and sprln calves. Also Big type Poland





 





 





 





 





China pics. aolnmr NEVE. Pierson. Mich.





 





   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





“_

.37
i.





 





 





'_/





 





..APRIL 20, 1912.





 





 





. .. an... .. ..1... m... ..M





 





473





. (9)





 





The Truth About

Cost of Tires





Tires can be made to fit any price

which users want to pay. The only

just comparison is the cost per mile.



Cheap‘tires may cost far more per

mile than tires at twice the price.



Tires may also be too costly—too

fine in composition to endure.



The object of the expert is the

lowest cost per mile. That has been

our object for some 13 years.





[How We Know





We make our comparisons on a

tire testing machine, where four

tires at a time are worn out under

all sorts of road conditions. Meters

record the mileage.



There we have compared some 200

fabrics, and some forty formulas for

treads.



There we have tested every

method and process. There we have

compared rival tires with our own.



Thus we have proved that Up-

River Para—the costliest rubber—is

cheapest on the mileage basis.



Thus we have proved that long--

fibre Sea Island cotton—the costliest





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON,





IBranches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits





material—is cheapest in the end for

fabrics.



We have proved that wrapped tread

tires—the costliest construction—are

cheaper than moulded tires—for the

user. _



So we employ these things. And

we use everything else which these

years of test have proved most eco-

nomical—in the cost per mile.





Saving 23 Per Cent





Then came the question of rim-cut

tires. We examined thousands of

ruined tires, of every make. And we

found that 23 per cent of the clinch-

er type were rim-cut.



So we brought out a patent new-

type tire——a liookless tire—which

makes rim-cutting impossible.





til it now costs users no more than

standard old—type tires.



This tire called No-Rim-Cut—has

ended rim-cutting forever.





Saving 25 Per Cent





Next came the question of blow-

outs—caused by adding extras to the

car—by overloading tires.





,To avoid this we made No-Rirn-





 





Cut tires 10 per cent over the rated size.

l‘hat means 10 per cent more air —

10 per cent added carrying capacity.

And that, with the average car, adds

25 per cent to the tire mileage.





With these oversize tires, of the

costliest constructionmthese tires

that can’t rim-cut—we met the price

of standard old-type tires.





The result is this:





Last Year’s Profit

" 8.57 Per Cent





Our profit last year on No-Rim-

Cut tires was 8.57 per cent.



\Vith the largest output—with the

most modern equipment—our selling

price has averaged about 8% per





 





 





At first cent over

thistypewas cost. ,

expensive. That in a

Itaddedone- risky busi-

fifth to our OD ness, with

price. But 'tluctuat-





our multi-

plied output

quickly re-

duced it, un-





 





No-Rim-Cut‘ Tires

With or Without Non-Skid Treads





in g materi-

als, on a tire

that’s guar-

antccd.





 





 





Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont.





’i





GUERNSEY Bull Calf Ifitegistered dropped Feb. 12

1912 nicely marked. a line individual. No. lbreed

[1115. Cheap for quick sale. STEPHEN CURTIS, Wayne, Mich.





—Gucrnsey bull calies. Aris-

MOIley makers tocratic breeding Cash or

bankablc note. G. A. WIGENT Wntchlict. Mich.





sired by half— brother of Rose of,





Euernsey Bull Calves 1......“ 1 m. 1-.966 .5 11.... 1.. 1

6698911119., 2 yrs.',7 mo. Allan Kelsey . Lakeview. Mich.





—A., - l f z , h ‘

FOR SALE cHEAP rggis‘igi-edsafleolsiteiriiiiixil'eacregid)?

for service. HATCH HERD, Ypsilanti, Michigan.





FUR SALE-A. H. 0. HERD BULL





one of the best. kind and gentle: 211111] calms, 4 coVVs.

Prices-1 right. T.H Jae kson, RNo. 3. South Bend Ind.





HOLSTEIN BULL





Just one more Grand son of





KING SEGIS PONTIAC





Ready for service.

Write for what you want in Holsteins.





REED a KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.

Holsteins of Quality‘iitii‘r‘ii‘fi.‘f.13.i‘.’iatilddii‘di





11nd Hires, whosiI dams have records of 27.38 lbs.

(at 3 yours) and .30 lbs. vBcst of breeding. W'ritc for

pedigree and prices. Vi. B. READER. Howell, Mich.





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 3 to 6 mos. old, of fashion-

able brooding and from dams with A. R. 0 records.

at ieasonabli p1i1cs Also one- )—\Cill‘- old bull lit, to

head 11 good licid.





McPHERSON FARMS 00., Howell, Michigan.





AYRS HIREs-One 0110...... 1......

breeds: young bulls



and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. All pure



bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





EREFORDS— 7 bulls from9 .. mos to 2 years old. all

re; and of the very best bifieeding Also big boned

Polan China hogs. ALLEN BROS. Paw P11w.Mi(h.





HOLSTEINS





‘ I can please any body with a service bull, bulls

from one to ten months old, sired by Johanna

Concordia Champion. Also cows and heifers bred

to him. Write me for anything you want

in Holsteins.





LI El CONNELL' I Fayeneg Ohio-





A 24-Ib. Bull





Have Bull Calves out of—

13, 20, 23, ‘24-lb CowsA. R. 0

BY a. 24-lb. Bull



My herd averages 19 lbs.



If you want this kind write





BIOELOW’S HOLSTEIN





 





FARMS,





Breedsville, Michigan.





 





EGISTERED HOLST EIN CATTLE—Final 7 not

old bull calf for sale from A. O. dam-

FLOYD F. JONES H. F. .3 Oak Grove. Mich-

iino grandsons of Pontiac Korndykc in



we Have our lot of Holstein bulls ready for service

now. :Prices right. Gregory dz Borden. Howell, Mich.





Purebred Registered

H OLSTE IN CATTLE

The Greatest Dairy Breed

Send for FREE Illustrated Booklets,

flolstein-l‘r lesion, Ano.. Box I64. Brattieboro.Vt





YPSILAND FARMS BULL CALVES.





Choicest OOKonrdfike, Dekol and Hengerveld breed-

ing.,$. 50.00 000 Official Pedigrees on request.

COL E BROTHERS, Ypsilanti, Michigan.





 





 





JERSEYS AND DUROC JERSEYS

FOR SALE.





A few high class beers from such champion boars as

Orion Crhidef Instructor, and King of I linois. Also

vbulls. cows and heifers.





BBOOKWATER WFABM, Allll ABBOB, MICH., B. ..D l





Lillie Farmstead JERSEYS





Bulls ready for service, also bull calves and heifer

calves. Cows all in yearly test. Satisfaction guaran-

teed. COLON C. LILLIE, Coopersviile. Mich.





MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.





T. P. MARSTON, Bay City. Michigan.

' ' 3 J 13 B ll. d

Bargaln Pr'ces gnfcwelhséi‘fcrucfilii'fla.

F. W. NOTTEN, Grass Lake, Michigaiim‘!

JERSEY cA'n'LE and Duroc Swine. Stock for 111110.

State what is wanted when you





write. 0. A. TAGGETT, R. No. 1, Cum, Mich.





 





 





The point is this:

Tires can’t be made more econom-

ically than in this mammoth, mod-





ern plant.

Men cant stay in this business,

with the risks it involves, on a





smaller margin of profit.



In No-Rim-Cut tires you get as

much for your money as any maker

ever can give. And you know what

you get.



If you consider that fair, it’s an.

other reason for insisting on these

premier tires.





 





Our 1912 Tire Book—based on 13

years of tire making—is filled with facts

you should know. Ask us to mail it to you.





OHIO





Canadian Factory, Bowmanville, Ont.





I I I .__’I‘h v

MlllilnF Shaun of Shorlhorns and”: 13:31.33:

for 88.0 WARNER BROS. Al'nont, Michigan.

FOR SALE—10 Reg. Shorthorn Bulls.

Reds and Bonus. 12 to 24

months old. Scotch and Sc-~0t1h topped, $71 to $100

each. BIDVi'ELL STOCK FARM ecumseh, Mich.





SHEEP.

Foundation Flock Cheap.





15 registcrcd HAMPSHIRE DOWN Vearling cwcs

and one r11111.A bargain for cash or approV ed note.

C. D. WOODBURY, Lansing, Michigan.





' ——Wish to close out both sexes. All

Heél' Ramboulfleis Ra esa low rice. Farm—2% miles

orrice. on G.T.R U.R. J. Q. A. COOK.





——Good Yearling F 1 e l d

OXford Down Shee Rams and ewes of all ages

for sale. I. R. WATERB





RY. Highland. Michigan.

H008.





' ' —Young SOWS‘ due Mar. & A )I‘ll.

DUIUCS alld Vlliiorlas Bred to 1st 1120 and 1 hillillfliili

boar. Priced to move them ..M -‘.’_l tory, Lowcll,li li‘ ieh.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





I Hi) h'SIlIliES— 2 fancy gilts, bred. at $11. Boar-s

scrvi1able age, $21 and 11p. Am booking orders for





Elmhuri-it Stock Farm, Alniont, Mich.





 





spring pics

Two Sept. Boeing and ZSept. gilts Will





BERKSHIRES— do to breed for fall farrmViiig. at





Farmei Prices A. A. PA' l '1‘ l1 LLO Dcckervillo. Mich.





 





'. —iicancd pigs $15 tWO for $25. Boars

BerkShlres roadV lor servir e 825. (zilts safe in pig

to HandsouiclIme Jr a Mich. State D‘airPrizo Winner

$3.” 1. 111 gistc -rcd and trunsf 1".11-1] Express prepaid in

lower \lichigan. C C. COREY, New Haven, Mich





 





o ' c SerVice Boa s, Gilts bred for April furrow

IAug. and Sept. pigs. large. smooth and roliilo.





Glenwood Stock Farm. Zeeland, Mich, P one 94





 





-— . 11.

FOR SALE 535131 3333133211.] “1.111151216ng





dam Price $75. BRISTOL Fentoii, Miel.1





Will Sacrifice My Young Herd Bull,





20 mo. old son of one of King Segis great daughters

for SZX). F. SKENFIELD. Augusta. Michigan.





BUTTER BRED JERSEYS BULLS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.E

Silver Creek. Ailegan County. Michigan.





JERSEY “lug-s Out of Register of Merit cows,





Efor sale. Also a few cons and

heifers. S. B.





ON. STURGIS, MICHIGAN



R SALE—3 e rlin Holstein- Friesian bulls. also

Fbred heifers {15:0 to 8%)0 each . Bull calves $40 to 860.

Photos and pedigrees on appli.

d 719 Rex St.-





 





33 years a W.breeder

cation. W..0 Jackson. South Bend,





— f 1

RED POLLED .2§?Li201‘;23.2 Sfiio?13é‘sy.

J. M. CHASE 6‘: SONS. lonia, Michigan.





f for salei1 all re later-

Red POIIeded Bullsékt Hei efi‘sairw a!“ te

WELLS PARIS}? dd SONS. R. No. 1, Allendale, Mich.





RED POLLED BULLS FOR SALE-$11333





strains. JOHN BERNER & SON, Grand Ledge. Mich.





Dairy Brod Shortli01-11.i“?..’:.‘.v 81‘5”. “9.33%?

cash or good note. J. B. HUM MEL. Mason. Mi oh.





 





o I. c SW'INE—Males weighing from 175 to 2:30

- lbs. each. Also a very choice lot of ilts

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansville. Ingham 00.. Mgich.





 





o 1 f r

Improved Chester thes 1tedim‘iti’é‘fi.Ifilint- .3331

furrow. . Also three young boars. c heap, to close them

out. W. .WILSON, Okemos, Mich. Both phones.





 





l. C‘ a Special Prices on spring pigs and service malc’ s,

0 also fall pigs 300 to pick from. Shipped on npprovjul

ROILENIMG ViFW STOCK FARM, Cass City. Michigan.





I C. S—pring boars all sold. A f 1

O. to be bred for 106”.” tarrow. Chgize 21113111318331]?

pigs, cheap. A. NE MAN R. No. 1, Marlette. Mich.





9 —All ages, growthy and large. sows bred.

0 '0 C s Males ready, 100 to select from. Attractive

prices on young stock Jump. Munith Mich.





o. I. c swine and Bufl' Rock cockerels of

I right tyge.D best of breeding. price way

down for quick sale. OTT. Quimby, Mich.





’ —I have some very fine and growth 1 t

0-1-0 8 fall pigs, either sex malesB ready fo'i‘ s2:-

vice now, “pairs not akin. OTTO SCHULZE

Nashville. ich half mile west of OdeiBiot. '





UR Imp. Chester Whites and Tamworth swine won



9 245 lat at Fairs in 1911 Service boars, also sows bred

or spring farrow of either breed that will please you

in quality and price, Adams Bros” thchfield, Mich.





O. I. C. —llrdors Booked For igmfigs.





c. J. THOMPSON.Rock1 Rockford,





 





(605)

—

-—J





, of March and April furrow

0‘ I. C S shifipod on .1ppro\.ilor1o.d.





OTIS GREENMAN, Ii. 4 ollovuc, .aton Co , _\li1-.h





lily—Nine hi h- chss

0. I. Co, 5 0f Superior01.111.11.11...11110111115011.1111“

for spring pigs. Fred Nickel. 11.1. Monroe, Mich.

_b 1 ‘ 1

Duroc Jerseys for Sale 15111115301311.1333

eithersex. Pairsnotakin M. A. BRAY, Okemos, ii ich.

SERVICE BOARS 11.1.... 31181111011

sa e 11

(either sex) sired by W’ :1 Choice Rule No.a30795.a Piliig;

reasonable. WriteR. (1'. VIVIAN, li. l.,liionroe,Mlch





DURoc JERSEYS—Both sexes, lull age 1:. Satisfac-

Herd established 1813.011 .gilfdrBltilrizlfiirt-I. Eiidsfnpgngdii





 





 





 





 





‘ANCYbrcd DurocJersey sousduc to furrow in Apl.

Special priccs for March. Also [all pigs, both sexes;

reasonable pri11- s. John McNicoll, Noith Star, Mich.

S ecial





' ready for ser lie

30 “lgh Class Roars pri1es for 30 ‘dayes. lenty

of growth, style and finish. Satisfaction guaranteed.

Come or write. J. C. BARNEY. Goldwater, Mich





CLOSING OUT SALE





Butler’s Big Type Poland Chinas. .‘Vcrythin oe



Herd Boars. Brood Sous, fall boars and gilts,gJ egrstj‘;

bulls. Write for what you “ant. no will quote _\ou a

very low pric c. J. C. Bi '1 Lh‘li. Portland, Michigan.





LARGE TYPE I) C —‘I.argcatl in Mié'llliigan. Pig:

rom ma .



sows. Weigh 160 to 1751bs. at 4 monli‘liIsif) Mslhiarsitttd:



Not how cheap but howa ood.‘ Will pay ex-



penses of those who come do not find what I

advertise. W'. .BLIVINGS’lON. Patina. Mich.





 





 





 





lie islered Poland China Swine “’1‘ SALE Th"



gosgd. NELSON J. W'YCKOFF, Sulidlrlndit Cliff, lili‘iéliie

—E I



POLAND CfllNAS 113582323 2.1113“?ng SW“





.D LONG. 11. No.8 Grand Rapids i132





' —Bred from lar o t S

P0land Chlnas all ages. both segxea.iv1imli‘.1riifi:rhl

prices. W. J. HAGELSHAW’, Augusta, Michigan.





 





15 Poland China Sows "1““ T‘“ “W“ “t

priced to sell. W M. W'AFFLIL: rColdvii iiltlosrhi li1 S. d

101111 cilia—12:11:21: ‘1:il‘,f§1;.f‘”-”





cith

L. W. BARNES & SON, Byron ShiaVV assoc Co. Calif}:





- bred t B

Big Type P. C. Sows 30.9.1318.“

A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.

ULEFOOT HOGS FOR SALE, I am making listof





all mule foot owners hill. 8. Send Vour name now

and get free printed m11tter.C Kreglow. Ada, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





Lengthen out Your lio s~fio§9§§ffiififj

It SALE BY W'ATERMAA 1i! W ATERMAN,

Meadow Land Farm, Ann Arbor. Michigan.





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRES.





Bears for sir ring service. A few bred sows. Also

sows bred for ugust and September farerow. Pain

and “COO not akin. Satisfaction guarante





OLONC ..LILLIE Cooperevlile. Mich.





th Ml hi F

MENTIIBN in; to cougafdvg:$guyhen writ-
744 um





 

   

   

 

 

 

   





 





and





pI'OO





'\





 





We want every reader of this excellent





\

\ §



\



\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\m





\





"Gleanings in



Bees on the Farm Bee Cum...

will help you get more pleasure and more profit

from lice keeping. 6 months trial subscription 2pc.

Book on bees and (‘atalog of Suppliesqsent free.

THE A. I. noor COMPANY. Box 240. Modim. Ohio

' Flor-koffilfi, mere eflbeai-h

Indian Runner DUCk Eggs- in 1911. Care of ucks with

order. Also S. C. W. Leglinrns. ~ Price for each $1 per

13:83per50:$5 per 100. Vi'm. P. Booth. R. 5. Orland. Ind





“NEH Ducks—Great Layersaud Great

INDIAN RU Payers. Booking eggor—

ders now. J. GORDON DRAKE. Port Huron. Mich.

LUE BELLE BARIED ROCK pullets and hens $1, $1.50

8 and $2. Eggs $1.50, $2 & $3 a sotiin 1. Si-nil .orilers'l’or

Imby chicks. LAKE RIDGE FAlib . Levering. Mich

~Mi lbs and females. prices right. Grout



Barred Rocks layin strain, prize winners, 15 eggs

$1.30. “X C. CUFFMA , R.No.6. Benton Harbor, Mu,- .





HEAPEST PLACE ON EARTH TO BUY STOCK

2‘ and EGGS. 35 land and water fowls. 'Write for

ii price list. DAVID YOUNG. R. 6. Bay City. Mich.





-P ' VVinnor Stock—S. C. But? & White

EGGS ()i-‘pzi‘ngtons, 1.3 for Si: Pc-kin Ducks ’end Pearl

Guineas 11 for 51. J. P1. BACON. Boyne City. Mich.





EGGS—Light Brahma. Barred Rock. and White “'yan-





d tt.. 31 or setting. $1.50 for two settings.

E. In). ISISHBP. lloute 38. Luke Odessa. Mich.





—-S. 0. But! Or in ten E3 3. Fine

For Sale Stock. 15. :2; :i’o. $3.50,: tog. Atew

last fall ('ockerels. not full grown. Weight about 6

ha. 11. B. A'l‘WOOD. Laingsburg Michigan.





HARTFORD POULTRY YARDS, HARTFORD, Mill“.





8 C. Vi'hite Orpington Cockerels. $3.00 to $10.00. Pure

bred S. C. Blk. Minorca incubator eggs. $7 00 per 100.





—.‘...l .2 11'. d' R .

LIVING EGG MACHINE 3.9pffilié‘fi‘finfi-é‘l‘ltoigix‘r

iiiiilii’é%€.°i3§i‘xi‘é‘r‘if‘l¥hm‘n.l§°lfi ’15." ‘4'? filmii‘r‘él .“nli‘cil.





son‘s Beautiful. nonsetting. persist-

MOIILED ‘" 1 out layers of large eggs. {1.00

for 15 eggs. WILL W. FISHER. “utervliot, Mich.



‘ ‘ ' B; rrnd Rooks, R. I. Reds, Mam-

Pnze WInning Illilltllfgi‘liln imdllwlfiznnser dnclkxs).

.‘ i .‘1. Er.$1.32 ”parse-t. iiy.)per_ .

:‘tfiWO?{1§dFCAR M‘Tgl‘i. ll. No. 13. Grand Rapids, Mich.





’fvl‘h‘iflgé‘IanD S. C. WHITE LEGIIIIRNS.

Eggn- for hatching. $1 per $153. $3 erfifl $5 per 100,

.1. 1. are. E. moxon. R. 27. kford. Mich.



B ii" A‘ \‘VhitoDrpingtons. Bufl' & White V)

g Lilzluhorns. Barred (2 White Rocks. R. I. CD

a) Rule and Black Minorous. Circular a:

(/3 ready. H.H.KING.WIII18. Michigan. III-I





R. C. 8 8.0. RHODE ISLAND RED pang



and ('ovkerels. BI'ELL BROS. Ann Arbor. Mich,

horns—XII”). striiin.‘ whigfizs



51009 1%.. big. MASON. 63.5%lllfir.’iil.h. ’-





LlLLlE FARHSTEAD POULTRY





. R k . R. 1. Beds. and S_. C. W. Leghorn eggs

EirPsaleéclg for 1: 26 for $1.00: 50 for. .00.

' COLON C. LILLIE. Ooopersvdle. Mich.





Mammoth Pekin Ducks

II. C. Br I. IIOI‘IIS wonat Detroit 1911. Eggs

$1 per setting.





FI.AIVI)IA BI'Z’I‘TS. Hillsdale. Mich.

S. C. Whlio Leghorn Cookereis £2“; “f.“‘fz; 391:1;

liiéii'i‘i‘ n 1511139 finiiiX‘i‘il 13913311383.fé’xli‘iohgilmfiifl'

S. C. Bull orpinggoigofigizdfiflifity ”his?





Writi- for price list. '1. NBAD. Grzibil . Ind.





" NDARD Bred R. I. Reds, Hose dc Single 'Qombs,

S1231) eggs $150 Wonderful layers. lied Iurkey





ind Afr. geese.” I”. '1‘. FRENCH. Ludington. Mich.





lllTE WYANINITTE EGGthfiggb‘rgzrgrw 11:):

‘ ’ ' ' .2 ' ' t or .

h‘ 0' J“. biasi).rl‘i‘on ti?“ rill"? liti‘iN. INDIANA .





' S. 0. White ()rpington and Indian

Whlte ROCRQ Runner Duck eggs at farmers‘ prices

liroular free. G. N. BURT. Box B. Oskwood. Ohio





0, R. I. R. eggs. 35. $2 and $1. . l’enciled Indian

R. Runner Din-k eggs. mre white cg .Stfuln. $1

for 13. OOY (i. Bltl'M. ., Nashulle, ichigan.



. Rhode Island Beds of uallty. Eg from first

S. gen headed by Red Clou $2 per 15; gauge :1 per

'7' 5.) per 100. E. J. MATHEWSON. Nottawn. Mich.





Single Comb Black Minorcns.





R. W. MILLS. Saline. Mich.





SINGLE COMB BROWN LEGllollgsg;





‘ d xhibition matings. two utility pens. _

2nd figggk. eSend for catalogue My motto—n satis. ed

customer. Charles Rufi', Box M. F.. St. Clair. Mich.





. GOLDEN AND WHITE WYANDOTTES.

SILAVI‘f—Ige lot of cockerels $2 on each. 'I'ine

circular free. 0. W. BROWNING. Portland. Mich.



W (1 tt ——The most beautiful and use-

IIilingf Aznfi‘igafhreeds. Send for 1912 circular

A. FRANKLIN SMITH. R. F. I). 9. Ann Arbor. Mich.





WHITE HOLLAND TURKEY Enos-2333.35 2,33%?

15 eggs for $1. '1‘. B. & E. H. MCDONAGH, Burt. Mich.

DOGS.





30 Pure Ind For Round Pups flifig‘f’sifl‘é filial





from all kinds of weather-rain and snow, heat

your poultry buildings that is rain-proof. snow-





fire—resisting. Rll-BER-OID is all ofthese. It lasts

longer than metal or shingles. is easier -

to apply and costs less.





* ' 4 RU-sss-OlD

‘ "waxes-4: '0 (Accent on the “RU" nnil slwnys spelled with one “8”)

0 is the cheapest roofing known. considered-from

cg.» the standpoint of 10 01-2170 years; servlife. It is‘iithef

. ori “on! smooth surface, eady-to- ay roo ng. is ma e o

wail fabric, saturated arid coated With RU-BER-UID Gum.





h b in roofin always demand RU-BER-Oll) and remember, unless

the R‘LI-Iasir-lomullhfi is Shawn on the outside wrapper, _the roofing is not

the genuine RU-aER-DID. The RU-BER-OID Man is your protection. Look for him.





K A. LOR 0 0'0 is the only permanently colored prepared roofing-

(Colored Rubgroid) THREE COLORS: RED, GREEN, BROWN.





World," containing illustrations from every nook and corner of the globe, and FREE samples.





THE STANDARD PAINT CO.





\‘§§ 100 WILLIAM STREET ,

\i, Branches: Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago. Kansas City, St. Paul, Denver





 





hounds. Send stamp. W. E. Leaky. Holmesville, Ohio,





 

   





   

   





otect Your

Poultry





cold. To do so, you need a rooting for





f, heat-proof, cold-proof, time-proof and





   





\ iii:





”all Marl Rag.

publication to send at once for book, "Around the





NEW YORK





i





.than either chickens or turkeys.





THE Mi HiGAN FARMER.





 





YYVVVVV‘YWWVWYYYVVVVVVV





‘POULTRYM BEES?





AAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





HATCHING AND REARING DUCK-

' LINGS.





 





 





 





Ducklings are comparatively easy to

raise. once one learns some of the more

important points essential to success. It

is generally conceded by all who have

raised them that they are less trouble

They

grow faster. are not bothered by lice and,

when properly cared for. are free from

diseases.



One of the secrets of success with

ducks is to start with pure-bred stock,

for blood will tell in ducks as in other

poultry. IL is a mistake to think that an

egg laid by any kind of a duck will do

for starting a flock. Start with good

foundation stock. either eggs or birds.

Procure these from a reliable breeder,

remembering that good strong fertile

eggs come only from fowls that have

been fed and cared for right and that

have come from healthy stock them-

selves. With a good foundation, however

small, to start with, something worth

while can be accomplished in a few years.





 





 





This Free Book





Saves You $20

Shoe Money '





 

   

 





 

 





about Steel Shoes.

plains why one pair will out-

last 3 to 6 pairs of best all- '

leather shoes—how they are now beln



sold by the million. all because 0

their economy. comfort and health-

protection. 'Iells how the so es giro

made from light. thin. rust‘resisting

steel. Shows the diflersnt styles,

from 6-inch to 16<lnoh high.



This book has saved the public mill-

ions of dollars in shoe money.





............ Steel Shoes





7|“ 9"“ 8h“ m These celebrated working 8 h o e s

kee the feet warm. dry and comfortable In

col est. weather or when working in mud. sin

or snow. As waterproof ss rubber boots. The

soft hair-cushion insoles are fine for the feet.

“'enr Steel Shoes and you will not have oorns.

bunions. blisters. swollen. aching feet. .



o stifl joints. co ds or rheumatism—

no doctora' bills. My 1912 Model S 'I‘ E EL

SHOES are even better, finer

fitting. more comfortable-

better thou the be“ shoes I

made last year. You can try

A pnirnt my risk. Writsto-

day for my freebook. which

will tell you how to take

‘ core of your foot and



‘ an 820. Address



, RUTHSTEIN



) Tho Stool Shoo .-

”A 7th It" Roeluo.W|¢-





V

Highest Prices Paid for all kinds of

RAW FURS





W e re m i t

promptly on re-

ceipt of skins,

and give fair .

assortments. ‘ i

Our attainment“ H;

to the rank of "‘" - “ ' .

Leading Fur House, is backed up by a._ his-

tory of 80 Years. and as a further testimo-

nial, we would refer you to any mercantile

agency or bank.





(1. GAUDIO '6: BLUM

125-127 W. 27th St. N. Y. City





Importers and Exporters of Row Fun since 1831.





Warehouses: usrzio—LouooN—rnis—srnm





This Month Jim Rohan’u

POULTRY BULLETIN





tells the latest fact: of the year

on how you can make the most

‘ money raising chickens, Get it.

Send your name on a postal.

Get the real World '3 Champion.

ship Facts from Jim ohan,

Pros... Belle City Incubator Co.





3 ~55 Buys Best

' ' Mil-Egg Incubator





323?“ cases all ovelinest popper

- nursery as -r uatln .

Best Mil-chick ho't-wstefiroodeg,

Both ordered together

mm . gold (I. ,d





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





(m)





 





 

   





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





”momma“,





Tho Sto f 25 a

with Poultry and Farmers

and Fanciers will help many

Farmers. get more eggs-—

better prices; make more and

save more money;tellsthir_igs

few 101k9thhhow onmrm‘ilkmfi

mono w1 ens. n on



about Anon-isn't Lama Use of y as



and get six poultry chapters written by Robert Essex him-



self—It's all in our Free Catalog—Write today. Address





Robert Essex Incubator Co., 113 Bury St, Bids. N. I.





-Be first and only



is out in your town.



' end 760 for a dozen



—-Sell st 150 esch—



ngents aver-no s are. n dny end earn 83) to w s wk





'1‘ I d I to for

R‘nvllognlimlng CoTEDibzxafifii’e’nsl ‘31.. N. y





 





Duck eggs for incubation must be

:fresh. Any over ten days old should not

‘ibe used. Duck eggs will not bear much

liough handling. For this reason it is

best to procure eggs as near home as

possible. particularly during the warm

weather. ’



Hens are really best for incubating the

eggs, but this way is too slow if any con-

siderable number is to be reared. The

eggs can be hatched very well in in‘cu—

bators after one has gained a little ex-

perience. A machine that provides plen-

ty of fresh air and moisture is best: for

hatching duck eggs. The period of in-

cubalion is about four weeks; it will

sometimes vary a, little either way. Test

the eggs for infertile ones the some as

lien eggs. The eggs are thin shelled and

therefore are easily tested, although it is

:1 little (liilicult sometimes for an amateur

to tell whether an egg is good or bad,

owing to the fact that at a. certain stage

during incubation the shell of a perfectly

good duck egg will appear to be almost

half empty when held before a strong

light.



Although it is sometimes said that a

duckling “once hatched is half raised,"

the truth is that considerable attention

must be given for a time. The- first ten

days is the most critical period. With

plenty of fresh water and feed they wil‘.

grow rapidly, and if they can be kept

from becoming chilled during the first

ten days the losses will be very few at.

terwui‘ds.



'\\'hen incubators are used for hatching,

breeders are necessary, of course. The

duckling»; should be confined to the

breeders, however, only at night and at

intervals during the day while they are

small. Early in the season the breeders

should be placed under cover. The young

birds will soon outgrow a. breeder and

they should then be given a comfortable

coop or house. A separate house for

each thirty ducklings is best, as they

thrive better when kept in small flocks.

The smaller ducklings cannot have a fair

Chance at feeding time when compelled

to run with the larger ones.



Ducklings should not be fed until they

are at least 24 hours old. Then they may

be given some bread soaked in milk, and

water to drink. Give the water in such

a way that they cannot get wet, for if

they become drabbled, eVUn in hot weath-

er, they will often die. After two days

feed a damp mash consisting of bran,

corn meal and beef scraps, five times

each day; after two weeks, four times

each day; after four weeks, three times

each day; after three months, twice each

day. Growing ducks require a great deal

of food, but at first they must be given

limited quantities at frequent intervals.

,When five weeks old there is little dan-

ger of overtaxing their digestions, pro-

.viding they have plenty of grit and

green stuff.



Remember to provide green stuff of

some kind in each feed, after they are

Len days old. This not only cheapens the

ration but insures good health. Ducks

cannot live uDOn grass alone for any

length of time, as can geese. but must

have a certain amount of green stuff in

order to do their best. When it can be

had. green out clover is excellent. Dande—

lion, onion tops or chopped cabbage are

other good green feeds.



Grit is very essential. They should

have plenty of coarse sand right from the

start, and coarser grit as the}I grow older.

They cannot thriVe without it. If it is

withheld for a. time they will get very





 





 





APRIL 20, 1912. '





weak. refuse to eat and finally die. But

don'tttry to force them to eat more grit

than they want or require, by mixing

it with their feed. Keep a supply near

the feed troughs, however, for ducklings

often stop eating to pick up a few pieces

of grit.





Indiana. W. F. PU‘RJDUE.





 





IN ANSWER TO INQUIRIES.





The Muscovy Duck.



A Sanilao county subscriber asks for

information concerning the Muscovy duck.

This breed is native to South America,

being found wild in the warmer parts of

that continent. Following domestication

it became very popular in Brazil and is

now grown rather extensively in this

country and in Europe. Duck raisers of

this country recognize tWO varieties of

this breed~the colored and the white.

In the colored variety the head and neck

plumage is glossy black broken with

white, the bill being dark horn color. The

body is generally a. lustrous blue black

although the back may be broken with

white. The wing coverts are black with

lustrous greenish tinge while the thighs

and tall may be either black or white.

The shanks, toes and webs vary from

yellow to dark lead or black. In the

white variety the plumage is white

throughout with shanks and feet of pale

orange or yellow.



A distinctive feature of this duck is its

large red face. The cheeks are bare, and

there is a scarlet fleshy space about. each

(ye. the skin being roughly carunculated

here and also about the base of the bill,

above which is a protuberance corres—

ponding 10 the comb in chickens. The

head is long and in the male the top is

covered with long crest-like feathers

which rise and fall when the fowl be-

comes excited. The neck is of medium

length, the back broad and flat, the

breast full, the body long and broad and

carried horizontally as distinguished from

the more perpendicular carriage seen in

the Indian Runner and the Pekiii.



In size the- Muscovy ranks with the

common large breeds, the standard weight

for the breed being 10 DOIIlldS, which is

a pound above that of any other breed.

The difference in weight between the

male and female of this breed is greater

than in other breeds, the standard for

the duck being 8 pounds, thus putting

the females on a par with thOSe of the

other large breeds.



It is claimed by some authorities that

this breed is quarrelsome and inclined to

interfere with other poultry. In the wild

state they are said to be great fighters.

Its lie-sh compares favorably with that of

any other breed and its size gives it

standing as a. profitable meat producer.

As an egg producer, however, it is classed

among the poorest of the numerous

breeds of the duck family.



R. l. Reds—Standard of Perfection.



An Illinois reader wishes the standard

weights and color of R. I. Reds; also de-

sires a copy of the Standard of l’erfec—

tion. The weights are: Cock, 81/3 lbs.;

ceckerel, 7% lbs; hem, 61/2 lbs.; puller,

5 lbs. The color of plumage is a rich

brilliant red with a. little black in tail

and wings and a little black ticking in the

hackle of the female. The Standard of

Perfection may be ordered through the

Michigan Farmer. The price of the book

is $1.50.



CLEANING OUT THE HIVES IN



SPRING.





 





Something that is very often neglected

is the removal of dead bees from the

hives when they are set out in the spring.

I don’t believe that bees enjoy living in

a stench any more than we do, and what

is more I do not believe they will do

well under such conditions. Then, too,

that mass of rotting bees in the bottom

of the hive will have a tendency to make

the combs moldy. Last, but not leasi.

who wants honey made by bees that have

to crawl through a mass of corruption to

store it.



The quicker it is done the better, so

let’s make it our first job. All we need

is a smoker, a hive tool and a square flat

pier-e of tin three or four inches square

to throw out the bees with. Open up the

hive and take out half of the frames:

clean out that side of the hive, then push

the remaining frames over to that side

and clean out the other side. Replace

frames and the job is complete.



If the hives are the single—walled kind

an easy way to get out dead bees is to

simply set the first hive on a clean bot—

tom; then clean that bottom for the next

hive, and soon. What few dead bees re-

main hanging to the combs will usually

be carried by the .workers of the colony

of their own accord. L. C. WHEELER.





 





 





 





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APRIL 20, 1912. .





 

   

 

 

 





 





   

   





   





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§ § ' ld Th frame is of pressed steel and has a single droP‘ The §§§

§ § 0 wonder the ”Philip it: sprambttinsgei’irr 2:35:53: Nglulifi :ghkoand gear casings are of aludminuli‘n.th Tibenfggztrlaixnlizi “13$: §§§

' ' t siness a - . - t e a

§ § N Ithetheexhclzrtigigngl Olserl:nd values, that you have been piece, %L:ptif:ersg:ee[3220:3233]: dzhchable. The handsome mas- §§§

§ § accustomed t0, this one 11‘“ proven the most conspicuouS. $5:- lamps are finished in solid black with brilliant heavy brass §§

\ M Th' k of it! ' ' Self starter $20 extra. , MM \

M M m t $1200 mmmmgs' t comrol is the one proven and mum“ MM

M M A thirty-five horsepower five-passenger touring car or - 'l‘he Overland cen 8}. Th method enables you to \§ §\

MM MM This is the lowest firiced thirty-five horseporlzlier touringfcar m figofiofii location for both uthattlhlg 1108;!!an d which gives you free use of §§ \

M M Part tor part—point for point—it is t e equa 0 any operate the levers Wlt. . e e . i h e of the right hand \\

M \ -— h eed—thc comfort—the appearance ' ht hand for drivmg. It gives you t e “S. . . - - MM

M M made. It has the power t 6 SD d your rig d f door which is imposmble 1: MM

\ M d the construction. Take the powerful motor—the strong an fore door, as well as the left han ore , . t of MM

§ § —an th Vanadium steel gears—the fine bearings— lever is placed one side or the other. You can get in or ou_ § §

M M rugged rear system— e _ h b' t' ———the a. 3 . h d] —no stretching out or reaching. MM

§ § § :hgeghefggysfislrlfr—aRZ—higfi grrilhpe fichrlfsgtzgels int fzct:gtal(r:sev;r§ Xhhyf‘onsddcean filafiipeitiilsaliet?he lgveis without a particle 0‘ :fl‘crt. 'th §§

\ \ \M < ‘ t th akeup of this automobile and you will n k h 'fi t' as of this $1200 car—compare (- em w1 \ \

§ M R: 12:31: brim: :8 1171i: ca: ctdimot be had, below the fifteen hundred dollar an T1350?) tcaer szeuclkrfgvi'oof and the only difference you Will be able M M

§ §§ t I: I) f yfi$d ' th dlilfe ence in price M

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§ § § mar H 's a car with a powerful, silent, smooth running. thirtY‘ ‘0 I‘lthl: pay an additional $300 for a purely imaginary value? §

M § § five hoigz-lpower motor. Here is a car that seats five large passen- Any one of our 2000 dealers wlll be glad to give you a thorough §

M M § gers comfortably. The upholstery is.of 300d leather, band stufi‘eg demonstration any time or place you say. . M M \

M M M with fine hair. The body . finished in our famous dark Qver an W have a very interesting book which_ explains our great § M M

M M blue and the wheels in battleship gray. The "‘lnsmlss'on Ii: °§Cs§° organiiation—the biggest in the business. It is free. Write for a § \M §

M lective type, three speeds and reverse—fitted With the fine : the COPY today. Please ask for book A G 34- M M M

\ § \ annular bearings which are used on the most expensive cars “1 §§ §

MM - MM

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\ M \ 1 ,- - magneto, tires. 34 , M M.

§ § \\ 4A xtfltch horsepower. 351, 33ml; and brass finish. two gas lamps. horn M M

§ § \ gigg'enexrgiogl SilliPSStaix'lterjgo extra. Top and glass front, 1555' Q§ §

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N All

Steel





Trlp I!

Power





Big Stumps Pulled





Quick and Easy “new





film Hercules

Pulls an acre 3. day. It doubles land values. Enables you to

grow crops instead of paying taxes on land that yields nothing.





HERGULES





More power than a. tractor. 60 per cent lighter

400 per cent stron er than cast iron puller. 36

days’ free trial.





 

 





   

 

   

 

 





 





 





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V cm u! It. A

. . 3... Ga..

Ala.. Miss. and Fla.. on rders of three rolls or





u Br 00 "lg more. Special Prices to these States on request.





ONE-FLY - - - - Weighs 35 lbs, 108 Square Feet. 31.10 per roll-

Two-PLY - - - Weighs 45 lbs., 108 Square Feet, 91.30 per roll-

mnnE-PLI . Weighs 55 ibis. 108 Square magnolia? peghl'oll.

I!!! ' th holesalers’ and re i er pro MO

MS c3333! giw§“'§m§°§oia $de for immediate shipment.

destructible b Ileat Gold Sun or Rain





E E SAMPLES or order direct from this advertisement. Satisfaction

37:31:35.: 3: money refunded. We refer you to Southern mums National Bank.





i Century Manufacturing 00., 2::‘a.’§.l.£:tfSafest-ell:





 

 





 

   

 

 





year guarantee to replace,

lrse, all castings that break from any cause

whatever. Duu le safety ratchets insure sale-

ty to men and team. Accurate turning means

light draft. Mail postal for free book show-

ing photos and letters from owners. Tells

ow to turn stump land into big ,

money. Special introductory price proposition W111

interest you. rite now.

HERCULES MFG. 00.. 137 --~ch 8t.

Centervllle, Iowa





 

 





 





 





 





ranted For Twenty-Five Ykea‘rs.

grainy; gm marriage as}:

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t me shi the gates you need for 60 days

£29 inspecxiion and trial. Save from $50 to ‘ .

$250 on your gate purchase. Iowa Gates gs F’

are made of high carbon steel tubing and large. stiff No.i9 E: X' L -

wires. Rust proof—wear proof. Wriée for my; specaitgéoggozs- - , . p



' ed tame, a so a

giggaigiatliangggfhgfiifglvlafs. Clay. Manager.. WA GATE 60., 57 clay Strut. cedar Falls. Iowa





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When writing to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.





3x
476'

The Michigan Farmer





ESTABLISHED 1843.

THE LAWRENCEPUBLISHING CO.





EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.

39 to 45 Congress St. West, Detroit. Michigan.

TELEPHONE MAIN 452.5.





New Yonx OFFICE—~41 Park Row. '

CHICAGO OFFICE—600 First Nat-ll. Bank Building.

CLEVELAND 0FFICE—1011-1015 Oregon Ave. . . _

GRAND RAPIDS OFFICE-5 it 6 New Hawkins Building.





(12)





 





 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President.

M. L. LAWRENCE ...................... Vice-President .

E. H. HOUGETON ........................ ...Sec.-Trens

I. B. WATERBURY .................... “1



0. E. YOUNG Associate

BURT WERMUTH ......... Editors.

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL



E. H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





Five Years 260 COPJESTPA... $2.75





Three Years, 156 copies, Postpaid . . . $2.00

One You 52 Copies, Postpaid ................................ 1.00





Six Months 2‘ copies, Postpaid ........................... ‘0 on

Canadian subscriptions 60 cents a your extra for postage.





 





Always send money by draft. postoflioe} money order,

registered letter or by express. We Will not be re-

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all oom-

munieations to, and make all drafts, checks'nnd post-

omoe orders payable to, the Lawrence Publishing Co.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





40 cents per line agate measurement, 01335.60 per

inch. each insertion, with reasonable discount on

orders smountin to 824 or over. No sdv’t inserted

for less than $1. per insertion. .



OTNo lottery. quack doctor or swindling advertise-

ments inserted at an ' price. . .



Entered as second c ass matter at the DetrOit. Miohi-

gan postoffice.





COPYRIGHT I912

by the Lawrence Pub, Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this issue without. our written permission.





 





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed





for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brought against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice is sent to us, before suit

is started.



Avoid further trouble by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expira-

tion of subscription.



The Lawrence Publishing 00.,



l Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.

lilvcry farmer is in—





Advertising and the tcrcstcd in adver-





Farmer. tining'. \\'hcn he



has a surplus of



anything to 3011 he lets thc pcoplc know

about it that are likely to wan! to buy





that commodity, but hc is morc fortu—

nately situated linin thc :ivcrugc businces

inim in that llll‘l‘t‘ zii'c likcly to be pco—

ple locntcd in his own community who

will want to buy his product. if, how-

ci'ei: :is‘ may lm the czis‘c, he engages in

tho bra-ding; of purc-brcd live. Stock or

the production of some- commodity for

which lhcre is no ready market in the

ncighbin-hood, then hc must take means

to advise people in other communiticri of

the fact that he has such commodities;

to scll, which he proceeds to do through

the most dircci avuilable avcinuc. If he

hus pure-bred stock to sell he gcncrally

ziily‘crtiscs in his state agricultural pa-

per, and whnievcr commodity he may

desire to scll hc undertakes to reach

pi'ospcuivc cusionicrs in the most dircc!

manner

So docs thc munui‘ncturcr. But tlm:

inniiufuciurcr is lcss fortunately situated

than the farmcr in ihut he is obligcd to

seek distant purchasers for most of his

pi'()(liict:~:, uliich he procccds to do

through the most dirccl availablc avenue.

Thus. by suppiyiiig this dirt-ct avenue of

bctwccn inz'inufiiclurci-s

of monufacturcs, agri‘

built up on adver—

enables-





possllilc.





communication

and former uscr

culiui'zil papers liuvc

tising husincss which (it once

them to furnish highwiass reading mat-

tcr to their patrons at a very low cost,

and at the. same time give them a di—

rectory of reliable manufacturers of and

dealers in a varicty of goods which they

are likely to need. and will need if they

are to keep apace with the progress in

ihcir busineSs.



Thus, in more ways than one are the

advertising columns of a reputable farm

journal of benefit to its readers, particu—

larly in a publication which, like the

Michigan Farmer, discriminates so care-

fully in the acceptance of advertisements

to be certain that they are from respon-

sible and reliable concerns. Every reader

of this paper has a direct interest in ad-

vertising. It is an aid to business success

which he cannot afford to neglect, and it

is quite essential to his highest busi-

ness success that he give careful atten-

tion to the advertisements which are ad—

dressed to him, as well as to those which





\.





hemay address to~his prospective cus-

tomers.



Having once become interested in the

advertising columns. the reader will find

that he can gain a great deal of useful

information by writing for the literature

which the advertisers will send free of

charge. And in writing advertisers for

literature. the reader should mention the

fact that he saw the advertisement in the

Michigan Farmer, which will insure him

prompt and courteous attention.





As the present ses-

sion of congress

progresses, prospects

fer the passage of a

law providing for a satisfactory parcels

post do not become more flattering. AS

before mentioned in these columns, the.

general post -olfice bill, now under con-

sideration, provides for a limited parcels

rust on rural routes at an exorbitant rate

which would serve no general purpose

except as occasional emergency might

arise when its cost would not be consid—

crcd. “'ith the! national election impend-

ing, and with the majority in the house

and senate of different political affilia-

tions; the trouble is that the question

appears to be viewed by both factions

from a political standpoint, and with the

object in view of satisfying the farmers

who are demanding an adequate parcels

post without offending the country mcr-

chnnts and other interests opposed to it.



So far, no satisfactory plan seems to

have been advanced to this end and little

progress is being made. notwithstanding

the fact that several bills have been iii-

iroduccd and that representatives of the

fiii‘iners‘ interests, including the legisla—

tive committee of the National Grange,

are urging that the post office bill be

amended in such a way as to give the

country pcoplu something tangible in the

way of an adequate parcels post service.

But the interests opposing the bill are

also represented at Vi'ashington and are

opposing cvcn the limited parcels post

plun provided for in the general post

ofiicc bill. with the argument that if it

is passed it will simply serve as an

entering wcdgc which will ultimately give

a geiierul pai'ccls post.



It is, however, to be hoped that the

question will come before congress at the

present scssion in such form as to com-

pol both congressmen and senators to

take a definite stand on the proposition

So that those who are favoring parcels

legislation

i‘rionds and who are not. it is, of course,

possible that some agreement will be

rcachcd by which a measurc of parccls

legislation will be enacted by con-

gross at the present session, which would

be a far more dcsirablc result than to

hnvc the session pass without any defi-

nite action. There is nothing that the

friends of this proposition can do which

will better servo their purpose than to

keep in communication with their reprc—

sentatives and senators, urging them to

use their influence towards the early pas--

sage of a general parcels post measlii'e.

This legislation is sure to come ultimate—

ly. but it can be hastened to an extent at

ii-nst by the continued exhibition of a

gciici'al interest in it by the large ele-

nicnt of farmers who favor it.





Parcels Post Legis-

latiOn.





poxl





post





Early in April the





The WoOl Tariff. liousc passed the Tin—

dcrwood hill providing

for thc rcvision of Schedule K. This is:





the same bill passed at the spcciai ses—

sion of congress last summer and vetoed

by i’residcnt Taft ‘on the ground that no

revision of the wool tariff should be mudc

until tho report of the tariff board was

received. In this report, which was made

during December of last year, the tariff

board declared in favor of a specific duty

on wool lcvicd on a scoured basis, sup-

plementing their report with figures show-

ing the difference between the cost of

production at home and abroad as ascer—

tained through the inquiry of the board.



Congressman Fnderwood, the author of

this bill and the democratic leader in

Congress, asserted that therc was noth-

ing contained in this report which showed

that the schedule provided in the- bili as

passed at the special session was wrong

and rcilcratcd his belief in the doctrine

that the only good purpose of a tariff

was as a means of producing revenue.

Only two democratic members of the

House voted against it while 20 progres-

sive republicans voted for it.



It is probable that the passage of the

Underwood bill at this time was effected

more as a slap at the tariff board than

with a View to its final enactment into

law. since the democratic leaders in the

House are not in sympathy with the

tariff board idea. The ultimate fate of

the bill in the Senate is a matter of doubt,





THE" MICHIGAN FARMER.





will know who are thcir,





but in view- of President Taft’s action in

vetoing the former bill and the subse-

quent report of the tariff board with the

recommendation with which the bill does

not conform, it is very probable that even

in the improbable event of its passage'the

bill will be vetoed. _ ~



.That the contention of the tariff board

regarding the character of the duty which

should be levied on wool is in accordance

with the views of the wool growers of the

country appears from the resolutions

passed by the last National \Vool Grow-

ers’ convention which were as follows:



Resolved, That in line with the eco-

nomic thought which guided VVashlngton,

Hamilton, and Jefferson in the propaga-

tion of this government we favor a prop-

er protection at home and abroad;



Resolved, That we indorse the tariff

commission idea as the proper medium

through which the difference in cost of

production of wool at home and_ broad

can be ascertained and commend resi—

dent Taft for his stand in vetoing the

wool tariff bill before such information

was obtained;



Resolved, Inasmuch as the wool trade

of the world is satisfactorily conducted

in valuing wool upon the scoured basis

we believe it affords the most equitable

and satisfactory plan of levying duties.

If it is possible to buy and sell wool in

this way, we can see no reason why the

government cannot levy and collect its

import duties upon the same basis;



Resolved, That we are unalterably op-





posed to the levying of a duty based on.





the grease basis, under present conditions.

as applied in the Payne law, and we are

arrayed equally against any collection of

duties on the ad valorem system.





The bill paSSed by the House provides

for an ad valorem rather than a specific

duty upon wool which would lessen the

dcgrec of protection materially, inasmuch

as the rate is not only much lower, but

it would afford the least protection when

prices are lowest and protection is most

nccded. '



it is u matter for sincere regret that

Congress does not rise to a. more states-

munlikc consideration of this proposition,

The sheep and wool industry of the Uni-

ted Slates is a valuable industry and

Worthy of bcing fostered by the govern-

ment for the benefit of the whole people.

'l‘hcrc is not an over supply of wool

above present requirements produced in

the world. if this were the case there

would be better reason for the conten-

tion that a necessity should be cheapencd

to the whole People by a. removal or re-

duction of the tariff, but wool can be

produced much more cheaply in some of

the large producing countries such as

Australia, South Africa and South Ain-

erica than in the United States. It was

slatcd by Mr. Brown. of Minnesota, :1

member of the executive committee of

the National '\\'001 Growers’ Association,

in an address bcfore the Ti'i-Stale \Vool

irowcrs' Association at “'hecling, “West

Virginia. last February, that a pound of

scoured wool cost to produce- in Ohio

and adjoining states, 58 cents; in the

western states, 46 cents; in South Am-

crica, 15 cents: in Australia, eight cents:

in South Africa. five cents. It is man-l-

fest that our wool industry cannot be

maintained even at its present status

with free competition with wool growers

from these scctlons and that it must suf-

fer on a tariff [or rcvcnue basis in com-

petition with them. This means an ad~

vuncc in the price of wool from these sec-

tions as our own supply decreases. and

thus a limitation of any possible benefit

to the consumer, even with a reduction

of tariff on manufactured woolcns.



Manifestly, this is a case in which the

principle of protection should be coupled

with that of revenue production in the

arrangement of the tariff schcdulc in or-

der to conserve the greatest good of the

greatest number of people. Thc tariff

on both the raw material and the finished

goods should be fixed with a view to cov-

ering the difference between the cost of

production here and abroad. If the tar-

iff board report does not show conclu-

sively that difference, then it should be

supplemented with further information

of the same character, and a bill formu-

lated which will meet the needs of the

wool growers and consumers alike,





The postponement- of the final settlement

of this proposition for political or other

reasons is to be condemned, for the rea-

son that such protection as present sched—

ules afford wool producers is practically

inoperative, with tariff legislation im-

pending throughout the marketing sea-

son. thilc consumers gain nothing, pro-

ducers of raw material lose much from a

continuation of this state of affair-S. As

before noted, any equitable adjustment

of this situation would be welcomed by

the wool growers of the country. With

such a settlement they could adjust

themselves and their business to condi-

tions which would be likely to have a.

degree of permanency, while now they





are compelled to play a. waiting game





APRIL 20, 1913.f. .

which is--as-Vnnsatisfa,ctory as it. is un-

profitable.



An article appear-

ing in this issue

contains a valu-

able suggestion to the: wool growers of

Michigan and the country in that the

present; is a propitious time to urge the

enactment of a law which shall compel

the marking of goods containing shoddy.

so-cailed, showing the percentage of this

material which they contain. This is in





The Shoddy Question.





line with the modern tendency to control





unfair competition in business and the

marketing of products under misleading

name-s.



Our present pure food law is an exam-

ple of what may be done by proper legis-

lation along this line. Down in the state

of Missouri, through the efforts of rep-

utable manufacturers of shoes, they have

a similar law providing for the branding

of all shoes in which substitutes for

leather are used in any part of their

manufacture in such a. manner as will

enable the purchaser to know just what

he is getting.



There is every reason why the consum-

er as well as the producer of raw mate-

rial should be protected against the pur-

chase of woolen goods, so-called, which

contain a considerable percentage of

shoddy, which is a substitute for new

wool fiber which the purchaser believes

he is buying and has a right to expect

he is getting when he purchases goods

under an “all-wool” guarantee. Organi-

zations of wool growers should take deli-

Iiite action toward influencing such legis-

lation at the earliest possible date. Pure

goods is in accordance with the tenden-

cies of the times, and there can be no

legitimate argument made against a. pro—

paganda of this kind.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.



The failure to obey orders caused a

head on collision on the Detroit, Jackson

& Chicago railroad, seven miles west of

Ann Arbor. Two persons were killed and

a score injured.



Ninclcen passengers were injured.

many of them seriously, on the Rock is—

land railroad, «eleven miles north of

Pueblo, Colorado.



Miss Clara Barton, founder of the Am-

erican Red Cross Society, and probably

the most widely known American woman

of her time, died at her home in Glen

Echo, Md., on the morning of April 12.

She was ninety years old. Funeral ser-

vices were held Monday in Glen Echo,

with Mrs. John A. Logan as one of the

speakers.



A bill has been introduced into con-

gress providing for the construction by

the government of a. thousand mile rail-

road in Alaska. The purpose of the road

is to overcome some of the obstructions

lo the development of that country and

also to furnish an avenue for securing

coal for the navy.



By a majority vote of more than 23,000

out of 25,000 votes cast, the locomotive

engineers on 50 different railroads cast

of Chicago and north of the Norfolk &

\Vestern railroad authorized the officials

to call a strike should further negotia-

tions with the railroad companies for in-

creased pay fail.



Major-General Frederick D. Grant, U.

S. A., who died in New York last Mono

day, will be buried in the Memorial Cem—

etery at “'est Point. lie was a son of

General Grant, of Civil war fame, and

has bcen prominent in military affairs

for many years.



It appears that the representatives of

the miners and mine olmu‘ators are anx-

ious to settle their differences without

bringing the questions before the anthra-

cite strike commission. A session was

held Saturday and another Monday for

this purpose. and it is thought that some

definite arrangement will be agreed upon.



The crest of the flood in the Mississippi

Yalley moved southward into the New

Orleans district and on Sunday at that

city the water registered 19.7 feet, which

is less than a foot from the high-water

mark. Engineers believe the levees at

that point to be sufiiciently strong to

withstand the increased pressure caused

by the excess of water, but below the city

the danger is more acute. However,

should the embankments break the dam-

age will only be local in nature. Tallu-

lah, La., a small place north of Vicks—

burg, is under water with the exception

of a few business houses.



At the annual meeting of the Illinois

Bar Association, representatives from 40

states will meet in Chicago to discuss the

judicial recall and reform in court pro—

cedure.



The primaries of Illinoisrlast week were

favorable to the candidacy of Col. Roose-

velt for president on the republican tick—

et and for Champ Clark on the demo—

cratic ticket. In Pennsylvania on Sat-

urday the result showed Col. Roosevelt

again in favor on the republican ticket

and Woodrow Wilson the choice of the

democrats. New York state will send an

uninstructed delegation to the national

republican convention.



Two persons were killed and a score

injured by the collapsing of a floor in a

church at Harring‘mn Park, N. J... last

SundaY. _ ‘



An explosion in the Illinois Steel Com.

pany’s plant at South Chicago caused

$100,000 damage. No fatalities are re-

ported. .



' The Supreme Court of the United-States

refused a rehearing on the recent patent

(Continued on page 485).
LITERATURE

POETRY'

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





‘I7Ie FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





THE PRESERVATION OF TREES.





By E. I. FARRINGTON.





HERE is a great work to be done



in the preservation, as well as the



planting, of street and roadside

trees in small towns and rural communi-

ties. Indeed, it rests largely with public-

spirited individuals to save for many Am-

erican communities one of their most de-

lightful characteristics—streets over-arch-

ed with splendid elms and maples—for

the ravages of disease and insect pests.

combined with the ruthless operations of

the tree butcher, are doing much to de-

stroy the trees. The loss of some of the

finest elms in the college yard at Har-

vard has startled many people of New

England into a realization of this fact.



Organizations of progressive men and

women have been instrumental in secur-

ing proper attention for street trees al-

ready standing in a number of towns, as

we‘ll as the intelligent supervision of new

tree planting. Most people know very lit-

tle about trees. Those who do, come LO

lOVc them, for in many ways they seem

almost human. 'Too often, however, they

are not really appreciated until it is found

that they are doomed to early destruc-

tion.



The owners of large estates have come

to understand the priceless value of ma-

ture trees, though, and are spending for-

tunes, in some cases, to saVe those which

adorn their grounds and driveways. As

a result of this increased interest in tree

preservation, a new profession, commonly

knOWn as tree surgery. has come into be-

ing. The tree- surgeon who is capable

must have had a thorough training, and

individuals or associations which under—

take the preservation of damaged trees

must be careful to select a tree doctor

who really understands his business, for

there are many charlatans in the field.



Tree surgery—perhaps it may more

properly be termed tree dentistry—of the

most interesting sort is that which has

to do with the fililng of cavities caused by

the breaking of a limb or the splitting of

a trunk. Sometimes these cavities are of

enormous size, perhaps large enough to

shelter several people standing intriglit.

The tree surgeon has a full kit of tools





 





 





 





 





 





Removing





 





A Large Cavity Prepared for Filling.





 





and gocs to work in a way that rcminds

one of a dentist. First. be carefully

cuts away all the dccaycd wood, often

leaving hardly more than it shcll. Then

he applies an antiseptic lluid to prevent

further decay. and may oven use tire

to burn off. dist-used portions of'wood

which may have (‘Si‘tlllt'tl thr- knife.



After this preliminary work has been

completed the cavity is tilled, just as a.

dentist fills a. tooth. only stone. bricks

and cement are substituted for gold,

silvcr and porcelain. The hole in the

tree is completely iillcd with this mate-

rial, sometimes to thc cxtcnt of a ton

or more, and then the opening is

smoothly covered with cement. ()c-

czlsionally the intcrior of the tree is

driven full of nails in ordcr to make thc

cement adhere more securely. The

practice is not always the same, but

thc operator is always careful to see

that the cement surface does not ex—

tend beyond the bark, for if the latter

is given a chance it will often gradu—

ally work its way over the ccmcnt‘, per—

haps so far as to almost hide the evi-

dences of the tree surgeon’s skill. The

cxpcnso of this kind of work depends

upon the extent of the cavity and its

location. Sometimes several hundred

dollars may be spent on a single tree.

if it is in very bad shape, and owncis

of large estates have expended thou-

sands of dollars in order to have large

tracts of standing timber put in proper

shape. .



Many tree die simply because of ig-

norance and neglect. An organization

interested in the preservation of street

trees can do effective work by pointing

out some of the things which result in

the loss of handsome specimens. One

of the most common evils is the mutila-





 





Nests of the Brown Tail Moth frOm a Gigantic Shade Tree.





When the





tion of trees by linemen, and the cutting

off of the tops by men who claim to be

tree trimmers but who may better be

called tree butchers. Many of these

butchers advise pollarding the street

trees, which simply means cutting off the

entire top, and all too frequently house—

holders allow this to be done, in a mis—

taken belief that it will improve the ap-

pearance of a tree. This is all wrong.

Fruit trees may need pruning, but orna-

mental trees look best when allowed to

grow as nature meant them to. Let

those who disapprove of docking horse‘s'

tails and cutting dogs’ ears, enter the

crusade against the unwarranted mutila—

tion of shade trees.



Generally street trees need protection

from horses. which like to gnaw them.

It is possible to secure attractive tree

guards at small cast, and their use should

be advocated. There are many kinds, as

those who start to investigate this matter

will soon find. Also, there is considerable

literature about them for, in Europe, and

in some enterprising American sulfttrban

towns. much attention has been paid to

the matter of shade tree protectors. which

are both ornamental and effective, as

well as inexpensive.



Not infrequently trees are strangled to

death by means of wires or hoops bound

tightly about them. The wires may bc

supports for poles or other trees, and the

iron hoops may be used to keep a hoe

from splitting down the trunk. It is only

ignorance which permits the use of cith-

er. If a tree. shows signs of splitting it

should be braced by means of rods or

chains bolted into opposite limbs. Hoops

often are seen on trccs, but they ought

to bo rcmovcd and the new plan adopted.



In the New England states, enormous

damage has been (lone by the Gypsy and

Brown ’l‘ail moths, which defoliate :1 trec

in a short time. \\'hcn there are no trccs

to feed upon they turn their attention in

shrubs and garden crops. The menace of

these pests is extending to other states,

and their coming should be watched for

closely. in localities where. they are: not

known, little attention is paid to them





 





 





Filling has been Campleted.
.478 (14) ’





until they have become very numerous.

[t is well for those interested in improve-

ment work to read up on these exceed-

ingly dangerous pests. The elm-leaf

beetle and the leopard moth are widely-

spread and are doing very great damage.

Indeed, the very existence of all the elm

trees in some sections is threatened. These

pests should also be watched for.



Organizations can do a great deal of

good by issuing little leaflets on the plant—

ing and care of shade trees, or, better

yet, by co-operating with the local paper

in publishing a weekly article on this

subject of preserving trees. In this way,

a very desirable unity of action is se-

cured, and the interest of'the general

public is aroused. After all, improvement

work of every kind is largely a matter

of education.



The general public needs guidance in

the choice of street, roadside and lawn

trees, Permanent beauty is often sacri-

ficed to quick effects, especially by real

estate promoters. In a number of first-

class suburban communities there are

shade—tree commissions which have gen-

eral over-sight in all such matters. and

which will not allow the planting of ob-

jectionable trees.



Probably the Norway maple, and the

white elm are the most satisfactory street

or roadside trees, all things considered.

The former, in particular, is a good tree

to plant. because it seldom is attacked

by insects, while it is beautiful in shape

and leaf. The linden, too, is an excellent

shade tree, and its blossoms are a delight.

both to man and to the honey-bee. It

drops its leaves rather early. but that is





 





not a serious objectidn. The catalpa is

a fine shade tree, especially along coun-

try roads, one of its advantages being

that it grows with wonderful rapidity.

Its leaves are exceptionally broad, and

the tree produces beautiful flowers in

great profusion. The Kentucky coffee

tree and the native persimmon are also

excellent shade trees.



The Carolina poplar is the bane of true

tree lovers, and yet it is widely planted

in places where there is no shade—tree

commission to forbid. It grows very rap-





-idly, to be sure, but it is ekceedingly





dirty. its leaves begin to fall early, and

its roots break up sidewalks, ruin lawns

and even penetrate sewer pipes and cel-

lars. Steps taken to prevent its planting

must be conceded to be efferts expended

in a good cause.



It is well to interest the young people

in trees. and a society just organized in

:l Boston suburb is worthy of imitation.

This society is composed of young ladies.

who take the names of trees and leaves.

The president is known as Betty Beach,

the secretary as Polly Pine, and the

treasurer as Bunny Balsam. The badge

of the society is the maple leaf, each let-

ter of which has a meaning—M standing

for modesty, P for purity, L for love, etc.

The meetings are held under the trees,

and each member bears the name of a

tree at these meetings. To be strong in

character. restful in manner. firm in prin-

ciple, well-rooted in the right, to be use-

ful as well as ornamental, to bend be-

fore the storm but not to break, are the

lessons of the tree-50 the members of

this society say.





 





A DAUGHTER OF THE GULlLBY JANE WINSTON.





lilC Sheridan Dramatic Company's



I hand swung into the closing num-

ber ol‘ their advertising concert.



The rickety platform creakcd beneath

them: above. the genial Texas sun rode

in a tranquil sky. \\'hitc\.\‘ave had turned

out in force for‘lhe occasion: vehicles and

men on horseback tilled the space about

the band—stand: the sidewalk beyond was

black wi'th listeners. .\t, the closing chord

there \\t'l‘:‘ a few cheers and much hand

clapping. Then the people reluctantly bc—

gan to disperse. As the little knot of

spectators at the foot of the band—stand

widened. a young man swung himself

lightly up into the midst of the-musicians.

“Say, that was great," he cried: “the

\Yhitewavc band could not beat that.”

His face seemed made. for smiles, and his

eyes had the fresh sparkle of sun and

sky. To the musicians, he was a person-

ilication ot' the ignorant American public.

.\ few sour looks \ycre exchanged among





them. and no one replied. Then Curtis

tame to the rcstue.

"Thank you," he ventured. “You must





have a line band here."



“l’l'elty good." the stranger assented,

arlwssly; “i do the comet act.”



The little group descended and began

the long tramp back to the railway car.

nearly a quarter of a mile distant. Curtis

and the \\'hitev.'ave man fell behind, con—

versing with intr rest. Scraps of the lat—

ter's conversation came to the ears of the

others.



"I had rather be on the stage." he dc—

clured with, enthusiasm, “than—than any-

where. I sure do like the stage."



Nods and \xinks Were exchanged among

the listcptrs, They could trust Curtis to

draw out this verdant young villager,

and. later on, to repeat his blunders for

"their in nelil.



“I sure do like the stage,” mocked the

drummer. half an hour afterwards. “\Vhat

is his name, Curtis?"



Curtis looked up quickly. He was a

short. nervous little man, who owed his

line chest to his instrument. Hair and

skin seemed equally red. but his big,

eternally amused blue eyes and bitter

mouth did not seem to belong to the same

person.



"His name.” he replied, slowly, “is

Charlie Masters. He has offered me the

position of director of the \\'hitewave

band."



A short laugh went round the group.

In the silence that followed Curtis added

soberly: “l have. told him that I will ac-

cept it."



No one believed this statement, but the

comments upon it were many.



“I'd like to see you. If there ever was

a son of the road, it’s you, Dee Curtis.

I’ll give you just three weeks to hit the

first freight for the nearest show.”



Said another: "I tried that once. They

were going to give me a hundred dollars

a month. The first month they paid me

twenty, the next the baud went to pieces.





\nd i had left a sixty-dollar—a-month en-

gagcment.”



The fun for the next fifteen minutes

was at Curtis’s expense. He let them

laugh heir fill and. when they pressed

him to know if he indeed intended to do

as he said. he made them laugh the more

by insisting that he really did. But the

actors were starting to the opera house

for a rehearsal, and the musicians picked

up their instruments and followed. Insida

that moth—eaten building the trombone

laid down his instrument case and turned

to Curtis. ““’e have fifteen minutes yet.

l'lcl's beat it.” At the door they paused,

irresolute.



“\Vhich way?" asked Curtis.



“l think~ I saw a shell shop back

there."



They hastened toward it. It was a

lazy, hazy afternoon. Warm watts of air

were all about and, far in front of them,

the shining lull" purred on the glistening

sand. The trombone drew a long breath.



“Do you think of staying here?" he

asked. abruptly.



“l have until tonight to decide.” was the

reply. "But 1 have to do something. If

I stay on the road three months longer

you will have to dig my grave by the

side of it. Man, look at me. I can’t

sleep. I can't eat; I have lost three

pounds in the last week. I am done- for,

fol“ a while at least.”



The trombone was not listening to this

tale. of woe. “Look there," he command—

td, pointing at some articles displayed for

sale in a shop window. Curtis’s glance

went past the window, went inside, to

where two men stood talking. one of them

facing the street. lie was tall and well

made. with a blank face and peculiar

all’ll)e‘i‘-colorcd eyes that seemed not to

match either his fair skin or his dark

curly‘hair. It was a face that. once burn-

ed into the, memory, could never be for—

gotten, and, though it had been years

since Curtis had seen it, he knew it in-

stantly.



Before Curtis could recover from his

astonishment they were entering the shell

shop. A girl came to wait on them and

Curtis stood and drummed on the counter

while his comrade bought souvenirs, By

this time Curtis had persuaded himself

that he had been deceived by a chance

resemblance and was eager to go back

and look again. He- could not help notic-

ing how exquisitely neat the little shop

was. Yet it was no more so than the

girl, though she was not good looking, he

decided. On the contrary, she was quite

plain, and her figure was rather matronly

for a young woman.



It seemed an age to Curtis before they

were out of the shell shop. He buzzed

away down the street like an excited hor-

net, and dived into the store where he

had seen the two men, with the trombone

pulling at his elbow and insisting that

they had no more time to lose. But,

though he went through the building from





THE" MICHIGAN FARR/15R."





one end to the other, the man with the

amber eyes’had disappeared as completely

as if he had never existed.



So vivid were the memories awakened

by the strange face, however, that, all

that afternoon, Curtis expected every in-

stant to see it again. When the crowd

began to file into the opera house that

evening he scanned each face with inter-

est. Charlie Masters was an early ar-

rival. Two young ladies were with him.

One was the girl of the shell shop, the

other a slim little blonde, all flutter and

vivacity. All too soon Curtis had to turn

his back to the audience, and without

seeing the face which haunted him. The

melodrama dragged wearily along. With

nerves strung to concert pitch, and con-

scious that many eyes in the audience

Were upon him, Curtis played between the

acts as never before, drawing heavily up-

on his already overtaxed strength, but:

feeling no fatigue. only a curious light-

ness and exhilaration. “'hen it was over,

and he arose to go, he. fell back into his

chair in a state of collapse. \Vith the

help of the trombone, he dragged himself

outside and sat down upon a box, where,

an hour later, Charlie Masters found him.



“Why, what is the matter?” he inquir-

ed, with swift sympathy.



Curtis’s mouth gave Charlie its little

bitter smile.



“I am just enjoying the night,” he re-

plied. “Fine, isn’t it?”



“Swell. But you are looking bad. Let

me do something.” Curtis arose with the

restlessness of nervous breakdown.



“I am all right now. I think I will

go.”





They walked slowly down the deserted.





street. The moon was shining behind

great white clouds, and the breeze seem-

ed suddenly chill.



“Have you decided to stay with us?‘

asked Charlie.



Curtis did not reply. A man carrying

a lantern had stepped out of a building

in front of them. He placed the lantern

upon the sidewalk, and, taking a bunch

of keys from his pocket, was carefully

locking the door behind him. The light

struck full upon his tall, well knit figure.

Curtis felt himself thrilling all over.



“Hello, Garlington.” called Charlie.

“Why didn‘t you go. to the show?" The

man slowly turned his head and Curtis

saw his familiar blank face and strange.

eyes.



“I was sorry to have to miss it.” he re‘

plied. His voice was finely toned and

strangely resonant.



“(:arlington,” repeated Curtis. when

they were past. “I never heard that name

before.“



“He has got a nose like a gar," return-

ed Charlie. acridly. “He keeps books for

Roscoe Brothers.”



“You are well acquainted with him?”



”No. and I don‘t want to be. You have

not answered my question yet. Are you.

going to stay with us. or go on?"



“I am going on. tonight. I may come

back. though. in a few days, or a week.”



But, as he thought: of the man with the

amber eyes, he told himself that he would

not.





Chapter II.





Curtis, however, returned to Whitewave.

It was almost a case of necessity. Charlie

Masters received him with open arms.



”I sure am glad to see you.” he laugh-

ed. “Our band is about to go to pieces.

I was just desperate, the day I first'tack-

led you. It was up to me to do some-

thing. and I thought I would try a bold

move.”



For a week Curtis was the sensation

of \Yhitewave. “People want to know all

about you," Charlie told him. “They

can’t tell whether you are. a well pre-

served oldish man or a pretty well hacked

young one." The musician laughed with

his boy's eyes. but did not settle this

great question. He enjoyed the interest

everyone seemed to take in him, had found

a pleasant place to board, and his pupils

were congenial. But, for all that. W'hite-

wave was unsatisfying, because he lac‘r-

ed occupation. Excepting three hours of

band practice two nights a week, his time

was all his own.



At last, in desperation, he sought out

Charlie Masters. "See here,” he declared,

“if I stay here. you must find me some-

thing ‘to do. I have killed time all over

the l'nited States, but the days here are

longer than any place I ever struck, and

this is winter time. I walk my legs off

every day, practice till my ears ring, and

meet every train. After that, I have about

six hours of absolute idleness left until

time to go to bed with the chickens. You

fellovvs,have treated me so well that I

do not like to complain, but, unless I have

some sort of a change, I will have to bid

you a fond adieu. Can’t you get me 9.





APRIL 20,» 1912.’

job: I will wash dishes, clean yards or

anything.”



“All taken," laughed Charlie. “Unless

somebody dies, which may all the fates

forbid, there may not be a. vacant position

in \Vhitewavefor a year. When a young

fellow grows up here, he either has to

leave or sit around and wait for somebody

else to. There are just enough folks here

to make a living, and no room left. But

you shan‘t leave. We’ll look you up in

Jail first, and make you teach us through

the key-hole. . I will find something.

though, never fear.” He paused, wrink-

ling his brow soberly. “Now if yOu had

a little mo'ney," he continued, thought-





fully, “you could buy any business in’





town, dirt cheap.”



“Pick out the cheapest one, then.” re-

torted Curtis, recklessly, “and I will have

a look at it," ‘



Charlie stared. “Would you really?"

he exclaimed. “How would a stock of





. jewelry suit you?"





“Down to the ground.” was the reply.

“Did you know that is my trade?” For

there is nothing like a move, if you move

at all, thought Curtis to himself. He had

a bit of rather undeveloped mechanical

skill, could attend to his own watch when

it needed anything. and sometimes mended

odd bits of jewelry for the company.



“I might know of. something of that

sort,” asserted Charlie, airily, and he soon

let Curtis see that he wished to act as

go—between, if there was any chance of

such a trade. Curtis was nothing loath,

and they parted.



The next day. however, Charlie, full of

wordy enthusiasm, sought out Curtis. The

stock belonged to a Miss Gray, who kept

a shell shop. It had been the property of

her father, who had died nearly a year

before. To the business details of the

trade the musician paid little attention,

but the fact that it demanded fifty dollars

down stood out likeacircus ad. on an un-

painted barn. How much of this would

go into Charlie’s pocket Curtis had no

means of ascertaining, so he wont to look

at the stock.



The shell shop proved to be the one

which Curtis had visited on the day of

his arrival in Whitewave. Now as then.

he was struck with the exquisite neatness

of the. place. Cheerful plants bloomed ':n

the windows, and, at the back of the

room stood an old—fashioned square pi-

ano, with yellow keys and dull woodwork



“There is an instrument with a his-

tory." asserted Charlie. as Curtis glanced

towards it. ”Tell it to him, Linden."



A. faint touch of color stole into Miss

Gray’s olive cheek. “I believe it belonged

to a ship that was wrecked .here OVer

twenty years ago," she replied. Curtis

examined it with interest. “I‘lay some-

thing. Linden,” urged Charlie. “I‘lay one

of those things you made up about the

sea." Curtis added his voice to that of

Masters, and the girl seated herself at

the instrument. Its tone was just what

Curtis expected, and her skill was not

great, but, in spite of these drawbacks,

he was charmed with the effect she pro-

duccd. It was a plaintive bit of minor

melody. and the accompaniment blended

almost exactly with thesound of the sea.

outside. Irler soft, almost regretful touch

was Well suited to the piano and its his-

tory.



“I cannot understand how you people

feel toward the sea," remarked Curtis,

presently. “Over yonder stands. Galves-

ton, behind a seawall that cost three for—

tunes, and scattercd up and down this

coast are dozens of small towns, like this,

for instance, in just as much danger as

Galveston was. and no protection wh: '—

,ever. Are you not afraid of the sea?”



A momentary sparkle. like sunlight on

a dark wave. lit Miss Gray’s somber eyes.



“Afraid of the sea?" she laughed.

“Not I.”



”Familiarity with danger." exillilinud

Charlie. “W'hen you traveled with that

dramatic company, did you ever think of

wrecks?”



“Only when I was in them.” admitted

Curtis.



Linden struck a languid note or two.

her dark head drooping. “\Ve all have to

go sometime." she mused, “and they do

say it is an easy death.”



“The water was twelve feet deep right

here," declared Charlie, hastily, “the time

Galveston Went. I was sick, that night,

as it happened, and a great deal too bad

off to care anything about it. My bed

was right by the window, and I remember

seeing the water'lapping against the

pane.”



To their surprise. Linden was laughing

again. “I had a great time that night,”

she declared. “The water came into the

lower story of our house and We went up

into the attic. There had been no rain



(Continued on page 481).
W .fl.’1.‘a—r— I.





 





 





   





APRIL 20, 1912.5

coomss FOR ME.





 





BY FLOY SCHOONMAKE'R ARMSTRONG.



I’m feeling contented this morning,

I’m happy as happy can be;



I’m tending the baby for mother,

And she’s making cookies for me.





 





I sit on the porch in the sunshine.

And rock little sister, Marie;



She seems to be glad when I tend her

And mother makes cookies for me.





 





LITTLE FARM FABLES.





 





' BY AUNT QUILLIA.





Tad’s Mistake.



Tad, as he was familiarly called, was

a, favorite in Frogmore. Frogmore was

a small settlement on the borders of Bog—

rush Bay. Here.) his family had resided

for generations and, being an old and in-

fluential one, Tad had inherited the pres-

tige that such connections give. Being

an all-around good fellow himself he was

also much liked on his own account.



Two things, howeiver, marred his com-

radeship. These were an intrusive family

pride and an immense estimate of him-

self. But these faults were looked upon

as more. amusing than otherwise and so,

season after season, his companions list—

ened to tiresome and never-ending tales

of the prowess of one, Colonel Ketchum,

a remote ancestor who once commanded

the Lightning Lancers. and who, accord-

ing to Tad, never failed of impaling upon

his unerring spear any rambling fly who

ventured too near its deadly point.



Quite as fond, also, was he of dwelling

upon the social triumphs of certain old

grand dames and aunts who embellished

the drawing rooms of Frogmore in an

early day.



Still his most prominent weakness was

his tendency to keep himself in the lime-

light, and so one morning after Mother

Nature had cut off the little pointed tail

of his juvenile jacket he was seen stroll-

ing pompously up and down the pavilions

of the broad mandrake leaves with more

complacency than usual, if that were

possible.



“Tad,” he was saying to himself, “this

new coat with its square, substantial

skirts adds fresh distinction to your im-

posing figure. Your musical talent is un-

questioned. Your social gifts are the envy

of your friends. Frogmore is too small a

place for you. \Vith all your advantages

your position would at once be assured in

any community that you might select.

'l‘ry Arrow-head harbor across the

swamp."



Much elated with his plans, he dis-

closed them to his boon companions,

members of the Amphibian Society, who

met that night for practice. Being really

fond of Tad, and quite as unsophisticated

ill the ways of the world as he, with one

accord they applauded his plan and by

moon-set he was well on his way to his

new home.



Once there he lost no time in hunting

up the leaders of society. In all candor it

must be- adinitted that his ability in this

line was something remarkable. By some

means he managed to ingratiate himself

into the various clubs. associations and

orders to which they belonged, but some—

how he missed a certain warmth of greet—

ing to which he had been accustomed at

home, and noted, with chagrin, that

neither his new suit nor his profound bass

elicited any special attention. Most hu-

miliating of all, he found that his allu-

sions to Colonel Ketchum and other dis-

tinguished members of his stock made no

impression. Indeed, they were received

with blankfaced indifference or, at most,

with a guttural grunt of amazement. In

short, he discovered that he was a. mere





cipher in Arrow-head's high circles, tol-

erated more for good manners’ sake than

for any interest in his personality.



At last he determined to return to

Frogmore. One night as he suddenly ap-

peared among the Amphibians his pres-

ence was hailed with unfeigned delight.

His former companions pressed quickly

about him. Questions as to his life and

success abroad were rained upon him un-

til one, with a little more tact than the

rest, noting his discomfiture, suggested

that it was time to call the meeting to

order for, with all of his tendency to

boast, Tad had always been undeniably

truthful.



The next day an old friend of his

grandfather, meeting him in a quiet pool,

patted him familiarly 0n the shoulder, ex-

claiming, “Brace up, boy. You are now

among those who know your real worth.

Better stay with us, for, as an old saying

of the batrachians has it, ‘It‘ is better to

be a big toad in a small, puddle than a

little toad in a big puddle.’ ”





 





HOW TO MAKE A BOX KITE.





 





BY I. G. BAYLEY.





The size of a box kite is, of course, a

matter of choice, but the following size

and design is given for several reasons.

In the first place, it is an exact copy of

a kite which has been already made, and

voted a big success. 'It is also about

large enough for any ordinary boy to

handle, and should a fairly stiff wind be

blowing the chances are he will lustily

call out for help when hauling it in. And

in the next place, it can be taken apart

and wrapped in small compass.



Get four sticks, 3/8—inch square by 42

inches long. Either white pine or spruCc

will do. These are for the frame to which

the cloth is tacked.



Four more sticks, 14-inch thick by 1/2-

inch wide, and long enough to reach

across the diagonals of the kite when lin—





 





I i

t ' |

l I ‘ l

I I ii I

l l I

I l





 





 





 





 





 





f’Tai





ished, are notched at both ends to fit

nicely the corners of the framework. The

object of these diagonals is to tighten up

the! cloth when the kite is finished.



If the kite is accurately made 'one foot

square, the diagonals will be exactly 1

foot, 41/2 inches long, but to make sure

they would better be made 1 foot, 5 inch-

es, then notched to suit afterwards. The

covering can be made of sateen, glazed

lining or nainsook. Each of the two strips

of cloth needed should measure, after the





THE MICHIGAN FARMER’.





edges haVe been hemmed all round, 1 foot

wide and 4 feet, 1 inch long. The strips

are tacked to the four long sticks with

very fine wire nails having flat heads, or

1-02. tacks.



Clear off the kitchen able or a space on

the floor, and lay the cloth strips down.

At each end of each strip make a crease

mark %-inch wide, another in the exact

middle, and two more half way between,

as shown in Fig, 1. These creases can

be made by using a damp rag and hot flat

iron. You can get your sister to do that

part. It should not be omitted or you

will get sadly mixed up with sticks and

cloth before you get through.



Six and a half inches from each end of

the four long sticks are tacked lugs, as

shown at A in Fig. II. These are for the

diagonals or braces to rest against. They

will help you to see at a glance which

sides of the stick the cloth is to be tack—





 





ed to. These lugs, of course, will all face

toward the center of the kite.

Commence by tacking one edge of the

cloth to one side of the stick about half

an inch from the top.





 





Then place an-

M





(15) 479





other stick in the next fold or crease, and

tack the cloth to it. Likewise with the

third stick. The- free end of the cloth is

now folded over the first stick, hiding the

tacks already in, and tacked down to the

adjacent face, as shown in Fig. III at A,

The tacks are driven in about 11A,, inches





 





Frgiv





 





apart, being “staggered” or alternated

with each other as shown in Fig. III

at B.





In the same manner the other strip of

cloth is secured to the other ends of the

framework.



The braces are joined together in the

exact center by driving a long fine wire

nail or ordinary pin through them, and

bending up the end. Only one pin must

be used, so that the braces will fold up

when the kite is taken apart.



The kite is shown completed in Fig. 4,

with the braces in position against the

lugs, and the flying string attached. Con—

nect the belly—band just above the braces,

and tie it in such a manner that when the

kite is held up, as when flying, the flying

string will be in correct line. The string

should be very strong.





 





THE BACHELOR UNCLE





BY EVERITT McNEIL.





\Vith a little cry Elsic stooped and

(‘:lll{.‘,ill little Ellen up in her arms, and

began kissing her ardently and calling her

all manner of names of endearment.



“Oh-li-h—h—h!” and Ellen stared in as-

tonishment from Elsie to me and then

from me back to Elsie. “()h—h-h-h—li!”

and her face brightened all over with

smiles. “I’m so glad that you and I’ncle

John have got glad again. Now you’ll

Come and live with him, and help Mary

Jane keep house; and you didn’t hurt me

the least little bit, but you S‘priscd me

awful; and I love you and Uncle Jolin

‘most as much as I do my own papa and

mamma. Come and kiss me, Uncle John."



Elsie’s face became as red as a fresh

rose and she quickly put Ellen down out

of her arms, and stood timidly with

downcast eyes, the child clinging tightly

to her hand.



Ellen’s words had set my heart to jump-

ing so excitedly that I could hardly

breathe. Could it be that Elsie still loved

me? Something in her face, in her down-





 





 





 





The Beauty of the Tree-lined Street or Highway Brings Home to every Lover of

Trees the ImpOrtance of Tree Preservation.





.be married all the time.





cast eyes, in her attitude as she stood

there treniblingly by the- door, bade me

hope, bade me throw aside my determina-

tion not to speak to her again of love un-

til she‘had had time to recover from the

terrible shock that the discovery of liar-

ry Iiodney’s treachery had given her, bade

me take her in my arms now and tell the

old, old, ever—new story again in her

ears. Heaven knows I had waited long

cnoughE—uhad suffered long enough!—

had



“L'nclo John, I think you might come

and kiss me now. I———1——"



I caught I‘lllen up in one arm, and my

kisses closed her lips, and my right, arm

went around Elsie. Then I must have

dropped Ellen, for the next thing I knew

both my arms were around Elsie, and her

arms were around my neck. It was Ellen

who first brought us back to earth.



“Uncle. John!” and there was a note of

shocked surprise in her voice. “Ifncle

John, is—is the beautiful lady your wife?

’Cause, if she isn’t, it is naughty for you

to be kissing her so, and I am going to

tell mamma.”



For answer Elsie caught the dear child

in her arms and smothered her with

kisses; and I, prouder and happier than

any king that ever lived, bent close and

whispered in Ellen's ear: “Listen, sweet-

heart, and uncle will tell you a great

secret. No, this beautiful lady is not my

wife now, but she will be before the sun

sets this very day.”



“Oh—h! Oh-h-h-li!” and she pulled her-

self from Elsic's arms and stared at us

out of eyes grown big and round with

wonder and delight. “And can I see. you

marry her, Uncle John?”



“Yes. yes, and—”



“No, no, .lohn! Not So soon, John! Not

today,” Elsie interrupted me in sweet con-

fusion; and then her face went suddenly

white. “Oh, John, John, I am to wed

Harry Rodney at ten o’clock today! Oh,

what shall I do?” and she caught hold of

my arm appealingly.



“Elsie,” I said, “you got the name of

the bridegroom wrong. You should have

said, ‘I am to wed John Delvin at ten

o’clock today.’ Now, listen, and I will

tell you what we will do. We will go at

once to your father and tell] him every—

thing, and arrange with him to have the

wedding take place at the appointed hour

just the same, only with a different bride-

groom; and then you will write a note

to Harry Rodney, explaining in whatever

terms you please why you can never be

his wife, and make a bundle of his ring

and letters and presents, and I will take

it on myself to deliver your note and

bundle into Harry Rodney’s own hands;

and then we will both prepare ourselves

for the ceremony at ten o’clock just as if

it were you and I who had intended to

. Believe me.

sweetheart, this is the only solution of

the whole matter. Everything is prepared
f;

t





 





 





480 (16)





Cut Up

These

Shoes





Cut any pair of, "Star Brand" shoes to pieces and you’ll find they are

honestly made of good leather. They are PURE shoes. ’



Many other shoes have composition heels. counters and insoles which are

hidden by the inside lining or the outside finish. You can not detect these adul-

terations until after you wear the shoes.



But "Star Brand" shoes. from the best grades down to the lowest in price.

have all leather heels. soles. counters and insoles. No substitutes for leather are

ever used.



“Star Brand" shoes look better. fit better and wear longer than other shoes

sold at the same price. That’s why seven million pairs were sold last year-the

largest sale of any shoes.



The style above shown is "Patriot” No. 1388 for men—o‘ne of the, newest

models for 1912. Made of tan calf leather over the popular new custom last.



The “Patriot" is also made in all other leathers—many different styles at $4.00

to $5.00. When judged by ordinary values they are worth a dollar more.



If your regular dealer does not sell the "Patriot" and other ”Star Brand"

shoesit will pay you to change dealers. Look for the Star on the heel. Instst on

having “ Star Brand” shoes. Wear them and you Will then know why





“Star Brand Shoes Are Better ”





Write Dept. B=7 for Book of 30 Styles-Free.





 





" rA'rRlor "

Style No. 1388





 





RA





Resume. JOHNSON @‘RAND





muumcrunrns Branch of International Shoe Co. ST.I.OUIS





 





 





THE MicHi-GAN FARMER.” '





 





 





 





 





Your Fruit “Jellies —Jams-—

Preserves—Catsup—Pickles—

all Keep Fresh and Delicious

for Several Years when Sealed





   

   





Send for free booklet containing Mrs. Rorer’s

recipes on “Canning and Preserving”—it also

tells all about Parowax for Kitchen and Laundry.





For Sale Everywhere

by All Reputable Dealers





STANDARD OIL

COMPANY





(An Indiana Corporation)





 

   

   

 

 

   





 





 





ALlfilN‘UNh





‘ HUGH STRO?





   





AGENUINE

/*” GUARANTEED





GRMAN RAZOR





AND





PRESTO “All-in-One” STROP





Both $1 I 2 Post-





For Only paid.





THE RAZOR is Hollow Ground % inch blade, best

razor steel: double shoulder, ebony handle, all ready for

use. \l'e imported them direct from Germany in large

quantity just before raise in tariff. Dealers sell this

razor for $1 50 to $2.00.





THE PRESTO STROP is made of finest horse hide. leather,

chemically treated with “All-in-one” solutionhwluch can-

not peel, wear or scrape off, but makes 1t pOSSlble 'for any

man to strop a razor as well as a barber can. This strop

has alone sold for $1. Send your order at once to





 





 





mum’s-M

or. w also;





 





 





 





The Michigan Farmer Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





for the wedding. _ The bridegroom alone is

wanting; and—and. with your permission,

Elsie, I will be so bold as to take upon

myself—”



“Oh, John, John, think of what people

would say!" and it was a very red and

yet a very happy face that Elsie lifted to

mine.



“And think of what they will say if

there is no wedding, Elsie," I responded.

“Better give the Whole thing a tinge of

romance by marrying me on the very

hour you were expected to marry Harry

Rodney, and have the whole affair settled

for once and for all. Our friends will

then be too astonished to talk much; and

—well, we will be too happy to care any—

way. Besides I have waited so long and

suffered so much that I feel as if it was

my right to claim my reward now—this

very day. \Yhat do you say, sweetheart?“



“We will let it be as you wish. John,"

she answered in a trcmulous voice, so

low that I could hardly catch her Words,

and hid her blushing face. on my shoul-

der; and I—-I was drunk with love and

forgot everything. everything and every-

body but the dear girl in my arms.



"l‘nclo John." and Ellen caught hold

of me and began pulling. “I'ncle John,

don't you think you had better go and

look out of the window?” and her face

showed how badly I had shocked her ideas

of the proprieties. “I want to whisper

something lo——to—”



“Aunt Elsie!" I shouted; and then I

caught the two of them up in my arms.

In the midst of all this rejoicing and

mad love—making I heard the whirr of

wheels driven swiftly into the yard, fol-

lowed by a woman’s scream.



\Vhen I threw open the door and

looked out I was dumfounded to see my

sister, Esther, and Fred, her husband.

hastily climbing out of a mud-covered

carriage. Esther’s face was white and

tear-stained, her hair hung in wisps

About her face, and there was a wild,

grief~stricken look in her eyes.



“My, babies, take me to my babies!”

Esther screamed the moment she caught

sight of me, and started on the run for

the house. At the door she was met by'

Mary Jane, who. at the unexpected sight,

screamed and threw her arms around

lether's neck.



“f'lcavcns an‘ uirth! “'ho is dead?

What has happened? Tell me quick!

I‘Jsther; Oh, Esther!" and the dear old

lady almost went into hysterics from the

fright the sudden and disheveled appear-

ance of Esther had given her.



“My babies! W‘hat have you done with

my babies? Take me to my babies!”

l‘lsthc'r cried frantically, struggling to

free herself from Mary Jane’s encircling

arms.



".lohn,’ and Fred gripped my arm, and

i saw that his face was white and bag-

Lturd. “John are-are the kids alive?

’l'ell me the worst at once. I can‘t bear

the suspense."



“-\live!r—~\\'hat kids? ’l‘hunderation,

Fred. what is the matter with you and

Esther?” and I stared at my white-faced

brother-in-law as if I fancied he had lost

his senses.



“Why. Teddy—Ellen!” he answered.

blankly. “You telegraphed that they had

fallen into the river and for us to come

at once. \‘t'here are they?"



Great Scott! I had forgotten all about

that telegram!



At that moment there was a wild shout,

“It’s that and dad!" from Teddy and

shrill screams from Esther, and the- two

children plunged out through the kitchen

door and hurled themselves like living

catapults straight into the arms of

Esther.



Fch minutes later a white—faced and

very angry sister and a ditto brother-in-

law. backed by two grinning children,

stood before me.



“John, please explain what this

means,” and Esther stiffly held out a Very

much crumpled and tear-stained piece of

yellow papermmy unfortunate telegram.



Fred looked at me savagely, but await-

ed my explanation in dignified silence.



“VVhat-—that.” I stammered. “Why, that

~—” Then I had an inspiration. “Why, I

answered blandly. “that is the telegram

I sent you to tell you that the. children

had fallen into the river, and asking you

to come at once so that you might get

here in time to attend my wedding. I am

to be married at ten o’clock today, and I

am so glad—” but I could say no more.



"Married!" screamed Esther. and her

face. was a sight good to behold. “Mar-

ried! Married at ten o’clock today! And

I never heard a word of it until this

blessed moment! John Delvin I have a

notion to pull every hair out of that great

head of yours! Married, you dear, dear

old boy!” and her arms were around my

neck and her kisses were on my cheek.





V APRIL 20, 1912.

"Who is she? I am just dying to know.

Oh, but You are a sly one, brother mine.”

and she gave my cheek a mischievous

pinch.



“Follow me into the house and I will

introduce you to her,” I said, smiling

and blushing like a bashful schoolboy, as

I led the way into the library where Elsie

was awaiting my return.



A half hour late Elsie and I drove out

of the yard, amidst much happy quizzing

and joking and sly commenting, and start-

ed for her home. There were many things

to be done before ten o'clock and we had

to mOVe swiftly.



A short distance_from my gate we met

Doctor Anderson, who was on his way to

visit little Joey.



“I am sorry," Mr. Delvin, to be the

bearer of ill news,” he replied in answer

to my anxious inquiries concerning Belle

Murdock. “But Miss Murdock, died this

morning at four-thirty o’clock. Her end

was absolutely painless. She passed away

as quietly and as peacefully as a child

going to sleep. How is my little patient,

her brother. coming on?”



“Too bad. too bad," I replied sadly.

“But death is final. Please see that all

that is proper is done, Doctor, and send

the bill to me. Little Joey was still sleep~

ing soundly when we came away. Doctor,

you must do everything you can for Joey.

Elsie- and I owe him very, very much.

and we will care for him now that he has

been left homeless. But, excuse us, please.

Vl'e are in a very great hurry,” and I

whipped up the- horses, leaving the good

doctor nodding and smiling wisely to

himself.





Chapter XXVlll.——The Way of the

Transgressor.



It was nearing seven o’clock when I

drove out of Judge Lamont's yard, and

turned my horses in the direction of Har-

ry Rodney’s stately home. On the seat by

my side was the bundle containing Harry

Rodney’s engagement ring and his letters

and presents to Elsie. and in my pocket

was the short note of dismissal Elsie had

written to him. These I had promised

to deliver into Harry Rodney's own

hands; and, after I had done this, there

was something that I had promised my-

self to deliver to Harry Rodney on my

own account and for his special and par-

ticular benefit. For the past two weeks

my wrath against vHarry Rodney had

been accumulating, and this morning.

as I listened to Elsie‘s story of his vil-

lainy, it had been suddenly solidified, as

it were, into a, determination as fixed as

life itself to mete out to him with my

own hands at the very first opportunity

the. only punishment that seemed possible

under the circumstances; and now, as I

drove swiftly along through the clear

merning air and thought over all the

misery that Elsie and I owed to his mak-

ing, I grow even more grimly determined

than ever to make that punishment ef—

fectual and satisfying.



I think that any man with the right

sort of manhood in him will agree with

me that I was taking the right. the only

proper course of action against Harry

Rodney, and will ascribe what follows to

the promptings 0f motives far nobler than

those of base revenge and personal hu-

lred.



About a half mile from Judge Lamonl’s

house the road passes through a. little val-

ley and over a small stream of water,

crossed by a wooden bridge. I was near-





ing this bridge when I saw, coming frmif”-





the opposite direction and walking swift-

ly, a tall man whom I at once recognized

as Ilarry Rodney. Doubtlcss he had

started out to make an early call on his

fiancee, and to assure himself that every-

thing was in readiness for the wedding.

Evidently he had no knowledge of the

startling happenings of the night.



The instant my eyes fell on his tull

figure all the blood in my body gave a

great jump and went surging hotly

through my veins, and my muscles tin-

gled as if with millions of little needle-

pricks; and then the overmasiering de—





.termination to do the duty before me





thoroughly and completely, as was befit-

ting both a judge- and an executioner,

overcame every other feeling and left me

cool and collected, but with every faculty

alert and every muscle tense.



Harry Rodney stopped short suddenly

when he first caught sight of me, and I

am sure he swore from the angry gesture

I saw him make. and then he came on

steadily enough, but at a much slower

pace. I could fancy his chagrin on find—

ing that I had escaped the thugs he had

sent to kidnap me, and I think the sight

of me coming from the direction of Elsie

Lamont’s home must have given him a

suspicion that something had gone seri-

ously amiss with his plans.



I reached the bridge perhaps a couple
.wv -





 





Arena 29.; 19.12:





of rods ahead of Harry Rodney, and at

once' pulled up my horses, jumped from

the carriage, and securely fastened them

to the strong wooden railing that pro-

tected both sides of the bridge. This done

I went back to the carriage, and got the

bundle which I had promised to deliver

and took the heavy rawhide horsewhip

from its socket.



“Good morning, Mr. Delvin,” he greet-

(-d me. his eyes going quickly from my

face to the bundle and whip I carried in

my hands. “You appear to be especially

anxious to meet me this morning. my

wedding morning. Mr. Delvin; but I beg

you to make haste and transact whatever

business you may have quickly, for I am

on my way to see Elsie." He smiled: but

I saw his eyes growing steely as he spoke,

and his lips tightening beneath the. smile,

and his great frame straightening; and I

knew that he was preparing for the

struggle. which my face and actions must

have told him was inevitable, yet he

could not resist this opportunity to stab

me with his taunting words of happy love

and marriage. not knowing that they had

lost all the keenness of their points.





lie had no greetings from me.



“Rodney,” 1 said, and, as I spoke, I

drew forth Elsic’s note from my pocket.

“i have a letter and a parcel to deliver

to you from Miss Lamont,” and I handed

him the note and the bundle.



Never have I seen a man’s face go

white as suddenly as his did at my words

and when he reached forth to take the

note and the bundle his hands shook as if

he had the ague. He did not speak, 1 do

not think he could haVc' spoken at that

moment, but there shot such a look of

deadly malignant hatred out of his eyes

into mine, that, involuntarily. I took a

backward step.



Rodney tore open the envelope and

ll'fltl lfllsie-‘s ('Oid words of biting con—

tcmpt and dismissal. it seemed to take

him a minute to comprehend their full

meaning; and during that time he stood

staring at the paper he held in his trout--

bling hands with eyes in which i could

plainly read the travails of his soul. it

was a bitter pill for the arrogant pride

of the haughty man to swallow—this sud-

den and contemptuous discarding by the

woman he loved. on the very morning

they were to have been wed,



“Damn the tickle hussy!“ and his fin-

gcrs tore the note into fragments and

threw them angrily from him. The next

moment, with a vicious kick, he hurled

thc bundle, which he had dropped at his

feet. far out over the. water, into which

it fell with a protesting splash, and

turned on me with clenched fists.



“I’ll kill you for this, John Delvinl

I‘ll kill you!" and he leaped straight at

me. with his left hand spread out like

the talons of a huge- bird of prey ready

to clutch my throat. his right hand

clenched to strike. and, his eyes flashing

as yenomously as the eyes of a mad dcg.

So sudden and unexpected was Rodney‘s

attack that, before I could make any dc-

t'cnsc, he had caught me by the throat,

and his fingers and nails were digging

into the skin and the flesh of my neck.

and his hot breath was rushing pantingly

into my face, and I was staggering back-

ward. overcome by the momentum of his

ticrcc onset. I saw him swing his right

hand back to strike a blow. backed by

all the force of his furious hate. and

wrath, straight at my head; but, before

the llltVV fell. my hecl stumbled against

a projecting rock. and I went down sud-

dcnly flat on my back, with Harry ltod~

uoy still clutching tightly at my throat.



(To be continued).





A DAUGHTER OF THE GULF.

(Continued from page 478).





in so long that the roof leaked like a

sieve, and we sat about under umbrellas:

and ate sponge cake. 'We had no idea

that anything much was happening."



The proposed trade htmg fire for a week.

owing to Curtis‘s lack of money. He had

bccome very much interested in Miss

(iray. He longed to become intimately

acquainted with her. To him there lin-

gelled about her a charm as alluring, as

clusive, as that of the sea itself. Though

quiet, she. was frank and friendly. like all

his new friends of the gulf, but behind

her speech was a reserve which interest-

(d him.



\i'ith this incentive to action, there-

fore, Curtis twisted his ready wits in ev-

cry direction for a solution of the money

problem. The band, though full of prom-

ise, had as yet paid him little. There

was really no hurry about his business

venture. If he waited a month. the op-





portunity would quite probably still be.





open, and he might then have the money.

But, as usual, he Was impatient to DI‘O-





e1" ‘ .4.





ceed. And, as he thought over the situa-

tion, a plan for obtaining the desired end

came into his brain. As he evolved it,

the boyish twinkle died from his eyes,

leaving them cold and hard, and he smiled

again his little bitter smile. He could

not put the plan out of his head. It fas-

cinated while it repelled him.



That night, undecided whether or not

to put it into execution, he strolled down

to Roscoe’s storc. it was the one placc

of business in \\'hitewave that he had

never entered since the day he searchcd

there for the man with the amber eyes.



The first person he saw there was Sal-

lie Roscoe. the blonde he had first seen

entering the opera houSe with Charlie and

Miss Gray. She was standing behind the

counter, leaning fur forward. hcr elbows

on tho counter and her pointed thin in

her slim little hands. Hcr big childish

eyes start-d straight before her as if fas-

cinated. Before her on a stool sat a man,

his back to Curtis. A note or two of his

vibrant compelling voice, came to the

musician‘s ears before Sallie straightened‘

up and cried: “Vi'hy, it is Mr. Curtis:

HOW are you?H )



The man on the stool turned slowly anzl

Curtis felt the amber eyes burn upotr

him. Try as he would, he could not

meet them.



“llave you met Mr. Garliugton, Mr

Curtis?” queried Sallie.



“iiid you say that his name is Curtis?”

asked the rich~toned voice, and Curtis

felt his cheeks and ears burning as

though on lire. All three were silent. Si

strong was the feeling which this maul

always gavc llilll that Curtis was incapa-

ble or" uttering a word.





 





“I do not sec what is keeping Charlie."

she cXclaimed; “he said that he would be

back in a i'cw minutes." Curtis noticed

that she was dressed as if for a party:

“i came in here- aftcr a ribbon, and he;





said that he would run over to the hand. -





room and get his Cornet.

him, Mr. Curtis?"



“1 did not come that way." he 1'cpiicd.f

with an effort, and again a silencc t'cli.

Sullio iidgcted, and tried to talk to (litl‘-.

lington, who replied in monosyilables.



’l‘hcrc was a quick step outside, and

.Musit-rs entered, cornet in hand. At sigh:

of Garlington, Curtis saw his face change

and darken. ‘



“Here I am, after so long a time,” he:

cried gaiiy. “That room was locked, and‘

i had to hunt up Bob and find the kch

Are you ready to go. Sallie?"



'i‘hey hurried away together.





Did you meet





Sallic's





farther back in the store, arose, took his

hat and passed out. “I will icave you to

shut up, (:arlington,” he called back over

his shouldcr. (iarlington arose, but Cur-

tis detained him with, “Just a moment.

please."



(iarlington turned with a courteous.

“Something I can do for you?”





Curtis summoned all his courage. “You 3





(an lcnd me fifty dollars." he replied.



(larlington stared at him coolly enough

for an instant. then answered quietly. “i

am not a money lender, Mr. Curtis."



Curtis's breath came thick and fast,

His heart was knocking like a drum as he

asked abruptly: “V’Verc you cvcr ill

]‘itt.~;1)tii’g';"’



To his surprise, Garlington calmly rc—

sczitcd 'himseif.

born in

there."



“’I'hcn you can lend the fifty dollars.‘



“Pardon me, Mr. Curtis, il' l fail to see

the connection. You apparently mistake

lTlt' for anotl'zcr person."



Curtis felt like. a villain of melodrama.

Forcing himself to mcet the othcr's eycr‘v.

he leaned forward and whispered some—

thing in his ear. (:arliugton turned as if

on a pivot. There was a chcck~book on

the counter bcfort- him, and he sionly

drcw it towards him. Opening it. he

calmly wrote a check for fifty dollars.

Tcaring out the pink slip, he laid it on

the counter before Curtis, with thi- thrcc

remarkablc words: “At your pcril.“

Curtis stared.



“I repeat,” Garlington went on, “that

it is yours to take. if you dare.”



Curtis looked into his eyes and saw in

their amber depths an ominous red tirc.

For an instant he hesitated: then, with

an effort he pulled himself together and

picked up the check.



"I am not afraid." he declared; "my

past holds no secrets."



Garlington arose wearily. Curtis was

already at the door. “I am to know you,

then, for the present, as Curtis?” he

queried, carelessly.



“My name is Curtis.” asserted the?

musician, with emphasis, as he passed:

out into the night.



(To be continued).





,





 





Hallie was the; _

lirsl to break the awkward pause. :





 





i

uncle, who had been seated at a desk}





“Why, certainly, l have}

l‘ittsburg. l haVc an uncle;





'. ' THE‘M‘ICHl-GA-N FARMER. (11) 481





OURS

as





s





, Write us at

once for this great

100 Factory

F u r n i t u r e

B o o k ,' No .

7515198, the great

Special Furniture

Bargain Catalog

of Sears. Roebuck

and Co. This big book shows over 2,000 beautiful pieces of furniture,

a mammoth assortment, representing the choicest productions of one

hundred of the world‘s greatest furniture factories.





Bargains





You owe it to yourself to get this big Furniture Book, beautifully

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then by all means send for this book. It’s free. Simply send your

name and address and we pay the postage. Get it and see thousands

of wonderful bargains just as good as this one. ‘





$315? Buys It!





You can have this magnificent rocker for only $3.75

--full and complete purchase price. Furthermore, we

will fill your order direct from ilus advertisement. Just

send us $3.75 and we Will Slllp you this beautiful piece of

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arms,decp,fullspringseat,ru{iled top back,solid front posts of

handsome design and golden American quartered oak finish.



Truly a wondcriul purchase: in fact. the grcatcst bargain

cvcr oiicrcd by this or any othcr contcrn, and WC positively

guarantcc your (‘omplctc sunslnrtlon. _ . .



\\'ln~n you i'w‘n'nt‘ lllc I’m‘kt'l‘, it you don‘t think it is the

grcatcst bargain you cvcr saw. if you don't llild if cons] to any $7.50 rocker m yourt-ntn‘c com»

munnu or it t.”- nny ruglsnn \\'l1;1[5()|’\'l‘l' it (lot-H llrii [ilt‘zls‘l‘ lull lilililt'nSt‘ly, simply l‘t‘llll‘n it ti) US. and

wc \\lll n-un‘n your mom-y in full and pay thc ll't‘lL’llt charm-s both ways. \ c makc this broad.

swccpuiu guarantce because We know we arc selling tho Lucst rocker ever made at anywhcre ncar

tlit’ [it‘lt‘tz



‘ In any cycut, hc surc to send a! once for the bit: free'Spccial Furniture Book, yours for the

asking. Be sure to mention Book No. 75M98 when writing.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, Ill.





 





’ No. 1W294





 





 





 

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





TH E '

SMOOTH EST



IQBACCO

Look for the Big Red Can





The very next time you

buy tobacco, ask the clerk for

Velvet, the kind everyone

1 says is “the smoothest."



1n the big, red moisture-proof

Velvet can there are two full

i ounces of pure, clean smok-

, ing—made from carefully

selected middle leaves of

choice Burley that have been

aged for two long years.



No hurry-up, patent pro-

cess can produce tobacco

like Velvet. lt-requires lime

and painstaking care. to give

tobacco such ripe, mellow

perfection.



Don't forget—ask for Vel-

vet and you’ll get a big red

can of “the smoothest" to-

bacco you ever smoked.



ll your dealer hasn’t it,

ask him to get it for you

from his jobber. No need

to write us.





 





Full size 2-011an Tins, .

10c. I-ounce Bags —-

convenient for cigar-

cues—5c.





Sparkling & Merrick

Stock owned by Liggett &

yer: 2‘0ch 00.)





 





ANTED FOR U S. ARMY—Able-bodied. un-

married men. between of 18 and 36.

citizens of United States. of 3 character and tom

potato habits, who can a read and write the Eu-





AG E NTS WANTE D

slink lawge. For information firlfi to Reomitin

ria Isl; g .





IO '

0 Per cent Prof't nicer, wold St... Detroit, Heavenric





sellin new safety milk can cover attachment. Every Block 5 ~ : -



. . . ‘ - . minaw. Mioh., Corner 8 inaw Siam.



dd”) “m" needs them- Flint. Mich: West Main BL. Jmi‘gn. Mich;

Sell on sight. ,Write for particulars. Enron and Quay Hts. Port Huron. Mich.





John 1.. Scheulng. 716 Hamilton St.. Racine. Wis. lull" m Michigan Farmer when writing advertisers
i . .‘l .

Where the Well Dressed Women, Who

Wish to Save Money, Come From





At your disposal madam, in this book, is

the pick of the new spring clothing. These

suits, dresses and waists are the same

pleasing designs and fabrics shown in all the

first class fashion magazines and displayed

in the most exclusive stores. But here is the

difference—our prices are 20 to 50 per cent

below what others charge. This is because

we sell direct to you Without your havmg to

pay unnecessary profits to agents and dealers.



Undergarments, huts, shoes. gloves, parasols,

dry goods—a. full line of now. attractive, set.

viceuble dress accessories—are also shown in

this book at worth while money saying prices.

Your spring and summer outfit. if you buy it

from this book. will be prettier. more complete

than ever. Besides, think of the money you’ll

save.



Put your name and address on these tWo lines.

Cut this cou on and send it bythe next mail if pass:-

his. We wi Isend you your copy of thls money sav-

ing buying guide at once.





MONTGOMERY WARD 8: CO.

Chicago Ave. Bridge l9th and Campbell Sis.

CHICAGO KANSAS ClTY

NAME





P. 0.





 





STATE





 





lfifl





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





3 Covered in Best





1'. R o y al Leather



Look at the

picture: doesn‘t

this Rockerlook

. inviting with

1W”; its high, broad,

shapely b a l! k

and deep roomy

'. spring seat?lt‘s

1‘ made to last





" wide arnls,sup-

' ported by six

neatly turned

smooth 9 p i n»

. dies, and mass-





 

 

 

 





 

 





000 ive frontcnrved

Other 2 posts, give it

Bargain. by t he exclusive-





, ness and style



. that cannot be had in any other rocker. Frame

thoroughly seasoned oak. high golden and gloss finish. Best.

quality Black Royal Leather; workmanship first-class. Price

hut. $3.85 makes it the biggest bargain ever offered. We





 





 





can afford such values because we own our



own timhcr lands. sawmills, factories BIG

and salesrooms. Money backif it is not CATALOG

worth double. Send for our largo FREE cash FREE

(::ltalo;:ue of Furniture, Rugs. Curtains, etc.





learn at once how much Cheaper and better you can buy for

cash direct from the manufacturers. We save you all extra

profits. Write NOW: better still, enclose $3.85 for this comfort-

able rocker. Order by number 670, Address Dept. 3864. (ll-2)





Lincoln-Leonard 8:. 00., 1112 W. 3/1h Street, Chicago.





 





 





 





   





actory Prices





Cash or

Credt





Why pay the retail price

when you can buy your

Stove or Furnace

straight from the old re-

liable Kalamazoo Stove

Company who Guaran-

tee every stovc, give you

400 different styles to

choose from and save

you $55.00 to $40.00 on the

dealer's price?





30 Days

FREE

TEST





and 360 Days Approval

—tho only sure-satisfac-

tion way to buy. 'Moncy

back and freight paid

both ways if stove fails

to please after this long test.





Get This FREE Book

of FACTORY PRICES. You

can buy so close you‘ll get a

bigger. better stove than you

planned at far less than you

expected to spend. Every

stove shipped same day or-

der is received. Sendfor the

Factory Price Boolc,No. 113,





Kalamazoo Stove (20., Mrs.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Book





 





,/





 





MICHIGAN FARM-ER. '





““5





f‘lfllléllji‘flllll. HEP N





A1: .. Home and Elsewhere





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





318$?





 





What can we do with the neighbors, or

worse still, the relations, who insist on

bringing up our children for us?



I take it for granted that all mothers

have troubles along that line, for I do

not. believe there is a family living that

has not some busybody friend, who seems

to take delight in combating all the the-

ories of the parents. There is always

someone who knows more than the father

and the mother how the child should be

fed, clothed, disciplined and taught. And

the worst thing about it is that they

simply can’t keep from letting the chil-

dren know they don't agree with the

parents.



Ever have the children at a big family

dinnerr, where everyone knew you would

not allow your babies to eat rich pud-

dings, and pastry or drink tea and cot--

fee? l'lasn’t there always been someone

to say:



“Oh, you’re too particular. I always





 





 





lamuoo. Mlch.





"A Kalamazoo





Direct toYou"





   

 

 





400 Stoves





 





 





 





 





 





 





TH E'IBEST'IIGHT





Absolutely safe. Makes and burns its own

gas. Brilliant 600 candle power light.

Caste no shadow. Costs 2 cents per

week. No smoke, grease, nor odor. Over

mstyles. Every lamp warranted. Agents

wanted. Write for catalog.





THE BEST lIGHT CO.

280 E. 5th St.. Canton, 0.





 





 





Please mention the fllchlgnn Pal-nut when

wrltlnl to advertisers.





ate everything in sight and so do my chil—

dren and I guess we are as healthy as

the next one.”



’l‘heir muddy, pimply skins tell a dif-

ferent story to you. And you know they

are up three nights out of six with the

children just because they do eat “every-





thing in sight.” But you can’t make

them believe it is indigestion that ails

their little ones, and your own children





do not understand. They only know that

someone grown up whom they like thinks

it is all right to eat mince pie and plum

pudding, and they begin to suspect you

are cruelly depriving them of something

good which they might as well have.

Then it takes days, possibly weeks, to

overcome this new notion.



But that suggestion isn’t half so bad as

the act of those other oflicious people

who, behind your back feed your children

things they positively know are forbid-

den. Of course, there aren't many people

who go to such lengths, but I have known

of two or three instances where neighbors

would call children into their homes and

feed them things which they knew the

mother ncver allowed the child to eat.

\\'hen I hear of such instances I alwuys

wonder if the woman would hesitate more

than a minute over administering poison.



Then there is the idea of fear. VVhiie

not going to the length of some modern

mothers who are themselves in constant

“fear” that someone will use the words

“fear” or “afraid" before their little ones,

I think it is wise not to say or do any-

thing that will inculcate cowardice in the

children. I have tried to bring my two

boys up not to be afraid of the dark, for





instance. They haVe always slept in a

dark room, and think nothing of going

out in the yard after lumplight. They





never have heard of the “bogey man" or

any othcr liobgoblin who came out of the

dark to get unwary kiddies.



Imagine my wrath when they came in

at dusk the other night and a neighbor

screumcid,



“\Vhy, for goodness sake. do you let

your children play out aftcr dark? Aren‘t

you afraid the ‘bogcyman‘ will get you,

boys?”



“lluh‘?” said the three-ycar—old, entire-

ly forgetting that the polite thing was to

say, “I beg pardon.”



“Where is he? I want to see him,"

shrilled the five-year—old, running to the

door.



“\Vell, he’ll get you some night, and

then you won’t want to see him,” warned

my officious guest, fortunately for every-

body, taking her departure with the

words.



It took a whole half—hour of explaining

afterwards to convince the children that

Mrs. S, was just “pretending" and that

there is no such thing as a “bogeyman.”

And now everything that particular wom-

an says for weeks will be received by two

small boys with suspicion.



It is hard work for all of us to keep

still when we see our favorite doctrines

on child—training being disregarded. But

isn’t it well to give the mother the benefit

of the doubt? Every mother except the

most ignorant and debasr-d, has her

child’s best interests at heart, and even

the ignorant want to do what is best by





 





 





Don’t Interfere With Your Neighbor’s Child.





their children. If you feel you must say

something, wait until the child is out of

hearing. Even if the mother is doing her

child a positive injury by her methods,

do not criticise her before her little one.

Yon either make the child dislike you or

awaken a spirit of antagonism between





A

him and his mother. Besides, in ordinary

cases, your methods may be no better





than the other woman’s. What is the

best thing for your child may be the

worst possible thing for hers. Remember,

that if Shel is endowed with ordinary in-

telligence, she understands her child’s

temperament far better than you do.

Therefore, let her alone, or criticise her

when her child is out of hearing.

DEBORAH.





 





 





Sheer Effects and Bordered Materials Rule.





 





This is a season of sheer fabrics and

bordered goods. Although late last sum-

mer we were told that diaphanous goods,

so dear to the heart of woman,‘ were to

be taboo this year, and heavy linens and

ducks were to reign, the spring of 1912

shows nothing but the thinnest (if weaves

both in silks and cottons. Marquisettes,

voilcs, organdies, sheer Swisses, and silks

so gauzy as to require an underdre-ss are

the ruling passion. though tuffetus, pon-

gees and foulards clamor for notice.



And everything, at least almost every-

thing, is bordered. The transparent silks





 





are, of course, that goes without saying.

But even the taffetas and foulards and

pongees flaunt a border, while the white

good counter Shows sheer cloths bordered

in n heavy embroidered effect.



\Vhile many of the guuzcs are bordered

with simply a floral design in self-tone,

or another tone of the same color, there

is, a fad for a heavy applied border on

these silks in a design of imitation lace.

At :1 distance you would say the border

was a band of heavy lace in a conven-

tional pattern, but a nearer approach

shows the border is woven and not ap-

plicd. These are usually in corn and are

really beautiful on the sheer silks of any

color, pale or electric blue, lemon yellow,

ccrise, lavender, delicate pink and a doz-

en other shades.



The pongees are bordered with eyelet

work and the taffetas show a border of

another color. Some fantastic combina-

tions are seen, green with blue borders

and brown with green borders, being two

rather startling novelties. One brown

silk is pretty with a border of another

tone of brown dotted with white polka.

dots.



Chiffon taffetas, or the soft weave taf-

fetas, are demanding attention, after haV-

ing been passe for a few seasons. As





\





they are not very expensive, only $1.50 a

yard for yard-wide goods, they will prob-

ably enjoy much favor. For, of course,

five yards will make a dress after the

modern pattern. Indeed, these come only

in five-yard patterns, “exclusive weaves,"

as the shopkeepers say. So if you buy

one you have their word for it that no

one else will have a gown like yours.

There are the chiffon glace taffetas, or

two-tone iaffctas; the: chameleon taffetas

or three—tone silks, and the pussy willow

taffetas, so called for their fine, soft tex-

ture. These cost more by the yard, com-

ing at $225, but as they are 42 inches

wide it will not take so much for a frock.

They come in all colors, either for even-

ing or street ‘wear.



Wash crepes are a novelty, and at first

sight you wonder why they are among

the silks, as they look just like- the mad—

rus for men's shirts. However, when you

notice the price, $2.00 a yard, and feel of

them, you see they are silk. They come

in white grounds with a stripe of any col-

or you wish, and are guaranteed to be all

fast colors and non-shrinkable.



Foulards are always foulards as to de—

signs, and this season shows the same

old polka dots and sprawly figures. Blues

are strong favorites and come dotted with

White and red, both bordered and plain.

The rain spot foulards are $1.00 and $1.25

the yard, a yard wide, while the shower

proof silks are but 24 inches wide and run

from 85 cents to $1.10.



In the cotton goods display marquisettes

are as popular as ever. There is the silk

stripe marquisctte, whose price I do not

remember. This is u. fabric with inch-

wide stripes of marquisctte separated by

stripes of silk, or “near-silk.” Embroid-

ered marquisettes are dainty, with white

groundwork dotted with colored embroid-

ered figures, blue, heliotrope, pink, in

fact, any color you will, each figure show-

ing a tiny eyelet. These marquisettes are

$1.29 the yard.



The French voiles are in floral designs,

all colors, and sell for 59 cents the yard,

while the English voiles, at 25 cents, are

shown in stripes, checks and plaids.



Swisses we have always with us,

French and Scotch ginghams, flaxons. Ii;~

dian head, galateas, percales and madras

the same. Then there is each year one

or [W0 old friends masquerading undcr

now “woos. But no matter what you buy

if it 1:: slicer and bordered, you may be

son; you am right up to the minute.





THE WHITE OF AN EGG.





or 1:1, ruzusian.



Job says, Vi, ii, 'is

the white of on (-gg'f”



It may be luslclcss, but it is useful in

a multitude of ways, both in culinary and

mechanical nris.



For the invalid, a. nourishing drink is

made by mixing the beaten white of an

cgg with lemonade; or, added to grape

juice it makes a delicious drink. Mixed

with sugar it relieves a cough or hoarse-

ncss.



Castor oil beaten up with the white of

an egg becomes tasteless and is easily

taken.



Burns are alleviated, poisons counter-

acted, and fislibones dislodged from the

throat, by the white of an egg.



As for the mechanical arts and numer-

ous cooking recipes—“that’s another

story,” and a very long one.





more any taste in





 





 





Milk which is slightly sour can be used

for puddings or pumpkin pies if it is first

sweetened with a, little soda.——V. H. P.





 





 





-—.,





“7%;





4.5“





4





 





.\<





. ._......‘»«v
4





3,

3





>‘.€~.W’} ~11. 1:43, .





. -xd. a





.. “gang





.‘_





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' APRIL: .20, "1912;

THE H.IB$9_..MAH9N THE FARM,





 





_ BY x. 19-2.



From time to,t1me, articles on this sub-

ject appear, but it. is a pity that more

matter along the line is not found in our

farm magazines, in behalf of both em-

ployer and employe. I have often wished

when such articles did appear, that they

could fall under the eye of the hired man.

In. such case, might it not help him to

appreciate the privileges and considera-

tions shown him? I think it would.



It isoften diflicult to get help on the

farm located near a factory. But let the

man see a few contrasts through others’

eyes and he- must admit himself more

fortunate than the factory worker who

has to pay a good portion of his wages

for the necessities and comforts which

are the farm man’s gratis. Taking the

matter of board, the city laborer must

freQuently put up with stale groceries,

poor meat and tough vegetables. Then,

room rent, taken one month with another,

amounts to no small item. In some of

the larger 'manufacturing towns greedy

landladies often rent their rooms, at ex-

orbitant prices, to day workers during

the night and these same rooms to night

workers during the day. Such conditions

are far from sanitary.



Our own employes most invariably have

a regular sized, amply supplied bed, each,

except during the .threshing or when all

the other beds are in use. None can

justly complain that iheyvdo not have

plenty of good wholesome food. We have

always held that these two comforts are

due etvery hardworking person.



Again. the factory man must pay for

the use of a conveyance.

man who is efficient is often given the

use of a conveyance. Many times when

the Saturday’s work is done, he is car-

ried home to spend Sunday with his fam—

ily and brought back to work again. It

is but just that he should not be made

to walk after a hard day’s work,. if car-

rying him does not seriously inconven—

ience the former.



The factory man generally argues that

after hours he can don good clothes and

find amusement. Yes. he can, and fre—

(tuently more; and here is another way

for earnings to go, not to say that his

standards of living are often lowered at

the same time. As to amusement the

more appreciative farm helpers en-joy be—

ing taken on hunting and fishing trips,

both manly, healthful recreations. Still

again, the factory man’s laundry bill is

another drain. Many of our men have

expressed surprise and appreciation at

having not only washing done but mend-

ing as Well.



“’9, try‘io do our best for each of them:

but as each is of an entirely different

character, no hard and fast rules as to

their treatment in the family circle can

be laid down. This much can be said,

however. Their place is exactly where

their behavior and common sense puts

them. The. one who does not possess

enough gray matter to see that his vzipid

conversation and bold stare give offense

must not complain if treated distantly

by the offended ones. And right here I

want to say that every farmer ought to

have enough dignity to specify. while hir-

ing a man, that the ladies of his house—

hold like to be addressed by their last

name. If required to do this from the

start. the man will not have to be rc—

proved later and is far less likely to mis-

construe small courtesies tendered him

merely out of self-respect. Tho gentle-

manly helper never goes away and com-

plains that he has been treated coldly.

Having not made himself obnoxious. he

has no reason to complain. The highest

salaried telephone girl in Chicago aptly

said. “Don’t think that everybody who is

kind to you is in love with you."



It is a relief to gct :1 man who likes to

read the newspapers and magazines, for

in this way his leisure hours are spent

pleasantly. ‘Wo also greatly appreciate

the one who shows a liking for frequent

baths and other habits of cicanlincss.



This is by no means all that may be

said on the subject, but is written with

the hope that it may suggest ways which

make for a pleasanter adjustment be-

tween the farmer and his hired help.





 





HOBBIES.





 





BY INEZ DE JMWATT COOPER.



Have a hobby, and encourage your hus—

band and children to have one. Maybe

your husband has a penchant for making

little shelves and things of that nature.

In such case do not fuss about the litter.



Your boy may collect stamps and that

will not matter particularly but you will

deserve the name of heroine when he be-

glue to collect bugs and live things. Let





The farmers





"him have a corner to himself, and enjoy





himself undisturbed and uncriticized. His





hobby will do him much good, and you ‘





also, if you only knew; for the hobby is

saving your boy from being tempted by

baser matters. .



Your girl may be taken up with seem-

ingly useless fancy work. Let her have

materials. It is not useless as long as it

keeps her contented and happy.



Do not forget that you are to have a.

hobby. This is especially desirable for

on you depends the well being of the

home. Never mind what it is, from the

collecting of spoons to the making of

numerous scrap books. And when you

tire of your hobby. drop it. Its work is

‘done. Drop it without regret, but proceed

at once to take up another.





 





COUNTRY GIRLS IN ‘LARGE CITIES.



The United States is not the only coun-

try which is having trouble in keeping

the boys and girls on the farm. Consul

Gcneral Dillingham, at Coburg. Germany,

has furnished the Department of Com-

merce and Labor with statistics which

give a good idea of how the country girls

who go to the city to make a living earn

their daily bread. The largest number

are employed in factories-l$30,000 in cot-

ton mills and 52,000 in tobacco factories.

A large number of country girls found

positions in department stores as sales—

women and received on an average, the





THEM-idfliGAN FARMER.





 

   





great sum of $14.28 a, month, out of which

they paid all of their living expenses.

The most favorable working'conditions

were obtained by some 210,000 girls en-

gaged as servants in housework. Of these

a large number became more independent

by taking over small stores, usually gro-

ceries or delicatessen shops. There were

167,000 or more women employed in ho-

tels, restaurants, and bars, but only a

few of these came direct from the coun—

try, having first spent some time in the

city. The vista of a pot of gold at the

end of the city’s rainbow evidently nchr

materializes for those who seek success

by giving up the pure life on the farm.





RECIPES.

Spice Cakes.



One cup sugar, half cup shortening. one

egg or not. one cup buttermilk, one and a

half teaspoonfuls soda, one cup raisins,

one teaspoonful cinnamon. half teaspoon-

ful ground clover, sprinkle nutmeg. Flour

enough to make quite stiff. so will leave

form of a teaspoon. Mrs. I. C.



Chocolate Pudding.



One- pint sweet milk in double boiler.

“'hen hot add two teaspoonfuls cocoa, or

grated chocolate, tWo tablespoonfuls of

sugar, three level tablespoonfuls of corn

starch dissolved in a little cold milk. Stir

until thick. pour in molds and serve with

sugar and cream or whipped cream.—

Mrs. I C. L.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Pattern





No. 1.





 





Pattern No. 2.





0

00

000

0000

0





Pattern

CROSS STITCH PATTE RNS.





 





BY MAE Y. MAHA'FFY.



Pattern No. 2 may be given an effect

of roses and leaves byusing green for

the outbranching portions. and two or

three shades of rose for the centers,

shading them something like illustrated

by the crosses and dots.





 





000000000





000

00000

000





   





483‘

COFFEE HURTS





One in Three.





(19)





 





It is difficult to make people believe

that coffee is a poison to at least one per-

son out of every three, but people are

slowly finding it out, although thousands

of them suffer terribly before they dis-

cover the fact.



A New York hotel man says: “Each

time after drinking coffee I became rest-

less, ncrvous and excited, so that I was

unable to sit five minutes in one place.

was also inclined to vomit and suffered

from loss of sleep, which got worse and

worse.



“-\ lady said that perhaps coffee was

the cause of my trouble, and suggested

that I try Postum. I laughed at the

thought that coffee hurt me, but she

insisted so hard that I finally had some

I’ostum made. I have been using it in

place of coffee ever since, for I noticed

that all my former nervousness and irri—

tation disappeared. I began to sleep

perfectly, and the Postum tasted as good

or better than the old coffee. so what was

the use of sticking to a beverage that

was injuring me'.’



“One day on an excursion up the coun-

try I remarked to a young lady friend on

her greatly improved appcarance. She

explained that some time before she had

quit using coffee and taken Postum. She

had gained a number of pounds and her

former palpitation of the heart, humming

in the ears, trembling of the hands and

legs and other disagreeable feelings had

disappeared. She recommended me to

quit coffee and take Postum and was

very much surprised to tind that i had

already made the change.



“She said her brother had also received

great benefits from leaving off coffee and

taking on l’ostum." “There's a reason."





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine. true.

and full of human interest.





 





 





Canning at Hom





STEA M PRESSURE

BOILERS for canning fruits

and vegetables of allkinds—~

corn, p eas, string beans,

pumpkins tomatoes, fish.

pork and beans, etc. Small

size fits on cook stove like an

ordinary kettle. F a c to ry

sizes have fire box, soldering ' ' ‘" " '

outfit. lifting crane. etc., complete. Canning is as easy as

cooking eggs or boiling potatoes. Put up ullyou need and

sell the rest; or start a canning business on a small scale.



Thousands of dollars worth of fruit and vegetables are

wasted in your neighborhood annually. Turn this loss

into a profit for yourself. Our interesting pamphlet





“Secrets of the Canning Business"





tells thestory. It explains canning methods, what to

do and how to do it; shows how to increase the revenue

from fruit and vegetables and how to make money

canning at: home. Pamphlet is Free, also our 1912

Catalo . Farmers save $100 each year in grocery

bills. chardists and vegetable gardeners make from

$500 to $1000 yearly, from

fruit. and vegetables that.

otherwise would go to waste.

Agents Wanted

We want active agents

4 Iosell this outfit in every

57.95 locality. Write for our



- liberal proposition to

ogents.





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 





& I R t) it It 0 ll K S

836 Sprln. St.

Eon Claire, Wis.





 





 





 





 





Is Your Ski?!

Clear as a





 





 

   

   

   

   

   





Don't be disfigured with Piniples, Biotcbes,

Freckles, Black Heads or be inflicted with those

.’ moreannoyingailments—Eczema,

Erysipclas, Tettcr, Itching Piles

OINTMENT and all the rest. We can cure you.

Send for snmplehox oi‘Oiutmt-ntandbook "Health

and Beauty." Regular Silt'SOCIIDOX. At Druggists.

JOHNSTON, HOLLOWAY t! CO.

631 Commerce St. Philadelphia





\;\IIYDRMII.IG

\PRESS





Al 5 o Gasoline





 





 

 

 

 





 





No. 3.





Number three may be lengthened in-

definitely by continuing the interlacing.

Four or five of the circles used in rows,

each of the same length, form a splendid

decoration for a sofa pillow top. By mak-

ing the upper ring in each row of a light

shade of any given color, and gradually

darkening the rings toward the lower

ones a pleasing effect is obtained.





attiénggtlff a t and Steam En-

w size? gines,Thresh-

r e or - . ers, Saw

335% car Mills.‘ Get

mi”- . our prices.





' MARCH MCI". co.,eu Hudson Terminal. New Yaw





Why lint Have The _lle_si light?





STEEL 31AM BUR ans. Odor-

less Brno eless. Make the home cheerful

md’bnflit. Three times as much light as

an 0rd or] burner. Every one guar-

anteed. Just what on need! If your

dealer doesn’t keep hem send his name

and cddresa with your name and address

and we will mail you as many as you wish

staunch. Agni: Wanted where.

THE STEEL ANTLB ”OH 00.

344 Huron Street. Toledo. 0qu





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





or town greetings on 12 Fine Post Cards





12YOUR NAME IN GOLD 108

(“1088 00.. 2141 Arthur Ave.. New York.





 





 





, A
484 (2°)





 





Length 8% in.: Bowl 2% in. 123% in.





Oneida Community’s Rehance Plate





BERRY SPOON





Beautiful Wildwood Pattern.





guaranteed to wear 10 years, will really last

25 years. Heavy silver plate on solid white

metal. We have cut the dealer’s price more

than one-half and will'send you one postpaid





For Only 65 Cents





or free for a club of three subscribers to the

Michigan Farmer (1, 2, 3 or 5 years.) Send all





orders to The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





This Beautiful carving Set





With Nickel Silver Handles

Blade and Tongs Made of the Best Quality Steel.

For Only $1, postpaid.





This is a bargain you should not 'pass up as

this carving set is not only a beautiful orna-

ment but is serviceable as well, being made

by the famous H. Boker & Co., who are

known for the excellency of their cutlery.





You Can Get This Set Free





by sending us a club of four subscribers to

The Michigan Farmer (1,2, 3 or 5 years).

Send all orders to





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.

_A $50 MACHIN £31? $19





New Model with Ball Bearing Head and Stand--

Automatic Tension ReleaseuAutomatic Lift

Drop Head--High Arms-Oak or Walnut Table.





WeP the Freight

and D 9 T ° 1

‘ Alm90 ays rla



_ Our new model, im-

proved Mich. Farmer sew-

ing machine has cam

thread take up, giving

better control of the

thread and making a bet-

ter stitch than any other

arrangement. Running it

backwards will] not break

the thread. It has high-

est arm, disctension, au-

tomatic bobbin Winder

with loose band wheel,

high lift for heavy work.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





All





 

   





MlllJERII

Guaranteed for

IMPROVE-l

sI Ball-Bearing 20 YEARS.



MEI” ' Steel Pitman and money refunded if not satis-

factory after 90 days’ trial. Com-

plete attachments, accessories

and illustrated book free. We

BOMPLETE guarantee this machine to be

III EVER first—class in every particular,

Y handsome in appearance and

1 h' d .

RESPECI. equa to any mac inc ma e





 





 





 





Same machine wlthout the au-

tomatlc Llft for only $18.





Good Machines as low as $12.





For $7 extra will send the :19 machine with automatic lift in a hand-

som cabinet frame. . . . . .



vse prepay freight to any freight station east of the Mi551551pp1 River. or

south to Tennesse. You cannot afford to buy a machine until you have

sent. for our handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.





lunation Wall liat Rack and Mirror.





 





 





 





 





 





The frame is made of pressed steel.

Ormola gold finish, baked on. French

chip edge, mirror in center. Six re-

movable hooks. 'l‘wo hangers. Extra

well made. \‘Vorth $2.50.





Our Price Only $1.25





By Express at Buyer's Expense.



Or you can get it free for only four

" ‘ . subscriptions to The Michigan Farmer

( i \ I t l ,(1, 2, 3 or 5 years). For six subscrip-

tions we will also prepay the express. THE MICHIGAN FARM ER, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





HUMAN WELFARE QUERIES.





Household Editor:——Can you suggest a.

way of using up cold fish?—Mrs. M





Bone the fish and separate it into small

shreds. Then melt two tablespoons of

butter in a saucepan and stir in two

tablespoons of flour. When it is all stir-

red in and has cooked a minute add a. pint

of hot milk slowly and stir until thicken-

ed. Then add your fish. If you are tired

and in a hurry let simmer on the stove

until the fish is thoroughly heated and

then serve on toast or bread or potatoes,

just as you like. If you are not tired and

the oven is hot, pour into a baking dish,

sprinkle with buttered bread or cracker

crumbs and put in the oven for 15 or 20

minutes. If you have any cold rice heat

this on the stove with a little milk and

cover the fish with it instead of crumbs.

This is delicious.‘



Household Editorr—Can you suggest

anything new in the way, of refresh-

ments? I have got to entertain my club

and would be grateful for al new sand—

wich—Oxford. '



Have you ever tried lady—finger sand-

wiches? Split the lady—fingers and spread

them with jelly, jam or marmalade, what-

ever you have handy. Lady-fingers with

strawberry jam are considered a great

treat.





Household Editor:—In answer to Mar-

ita will say that I always paint the out-

side of my butterbowls. I do not use

them for a couple of weeks after paint-

ing so that the odor of the paint has time

to go away—Mrs. J.



M. B. E.——-I have found the best way

to wash eiderdown is with a good wool

soap and warm water. \Vash through

two or three sudsy waters until the cap

is clean, then rinse all the soap out in

water of the same temperature—Min-

nie B.





Household Editorz—In answer to J. M.

\\'.’s request for recipe for homc~marle

blood purifier I send the following: One

ounce extract of each of the following:

Yellowdock, burdock and dandelion, and

one gill of gin. Put all into a. quart bot-

tle, fill with water. Dose, one tablespoon-

ful throc times a. day. It use to cost 50

cents. Have not use it in a long time so

do not know price nOW.~—J. E. H.



Household ldditorz—I would like to sug-

gest to “Young IV’lother,” whose baby is

four months old, to add graham gruel to

the milk she feeds the baby. I have four

children, all fed on milk and graham gruel

from the time they were one month old

until they were- 12 to 15 months old, and

were all very healthy babies and chil-

dren. To make the gruel, take graham

flour, about half a pint, wot up good with

cold water, add salt to taste, then pour

on boiling water, as for starch, and stir

until smooth, make about as thick as thin

Ilour gravy, let boil 10 or 15 minutes.

remove from fire and strain through fine

strainer or thin cloth. In cool weather

this will keep from 24 to 36 hours. Add

about two tablospoonfuls of this gruei

with a little sugar to a nursing bottle full

of milk, or if child is constipated add

more. The bowels can be regulated by

adding more or less, just as the child

needs. I’le‘dSc give this a trial—Mrs.

E. M. L.



B. C., Argyle, Mich—“'6 cannot give

names and addresses of business Ilrms in

this column. Send a self—addrcssed and

stamped envelope with such queries.





 





SPRING WASHING AND CLEANING

DAYS ARE COMING.





BY MRS. F. NISEWANGEIB,

Blankets.



It is not very difficult work to wash

woolen blankets and have them come out

as soft and nice as when new. A little

cure is necdcd but. usually, it is almost

as easy to be careful as careless if we

only just think so. Tho one thing always

to remember is, that after the blankets

are made warm and damp they must not

be suddenly chilled.



Choose your day first. A. dry, hot one

is the best, in fact the only satisfactory

one, so if you intend to wash your blank-

ets tomorrow and the day proves to be

cool or damp, let the washing :go till the

right day comes along.



First, put plenty of hot water in your

machine, (not boiling hot, but hotter than

is comfortable for your hands), and into

it put only one blanket at a time. When

clean, rinse thoroughly in water as warm

as that in which it was washed, hang

carefully on the line in the sunshine to

dry thoroughly and quickly, then fold into

sweet, fluffy piles and lay away for win-

ter. A little ammonia tends to prevent

shrinking; but the great secret of suc-





 





cess is in having all water plenty warm,





APRIL 20, 1912.





and drying the blankets quickly and with-

out cool, damp air; ' r» '



Be just ascar'eful of the old blankets

as of the new. There is a splendid use

for them even though thin and quite

worn. Put \one or two of them in a

pretty silkollne or challie cover, ta’ck

lightly, and have the softest, warmest,

and lightest comfort imaginable.



Rugs.



In Spite of brooms, sweepers, and vacm

um cleaners. there are some of us all of

the time, and most of us some of the

time, who feel that the heavy rugs need

to be taken out into the fresh air, oc-

casionally, for a little .beating. Have

ready :1 frame covered with screening and

raised from the ground. Put the rug on

this face downward and give it whatever

beating it seems to need.



To brighten its colors, go over a rug

or carpet with ammonia water, a table-

spoonful to an ordinary pail of water.



Curtains. '



White lace curtains should be boiled;

but ecru curtains must not be. Blueing

should be added to the rinse water for

the white ones; tea for the com.



If the mesh is delicate and you are

afraid of tearing the curtains, put them

in a rack or pillow case. Be sure all the

soap is rinsed out, starch lightly and dry

by one of the following methods:



Fasten to a curtain stretcher made or

bought for the purpose. pin to the floor

with common pins, or, (this is the method

I greatly prefer), stretch and pin into

shape, out on the fresh, sweet grass, with

old—fashioned tooth picks. Stick them

through the little openings and down into

the ground.





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





If a frozen egg is dropped into cold

water as soon as discovered and allowed

to stay till all the frost is drawn out, it

will be nearly as good as a fresh egg to

use. ~D. L. M.





If housewives would notice how much

better muslin or linen articles look when

laundered, if made up right side out, they

would be more particular when sewing.

The wrong side may be: easily seen, with

a little care, by the knots and fuzzy ap-

pearance—E. L. R.



A rubber mat will be found a. great

comfort by the woman gardener who has

rheumatism. Keep the mat with the gar-

den tools and when you get out to dig,

weed or transplant, take the mat along

and kneel on that instead of the damp

ground—Mrs. J. J. O’C.





 





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.



Thebe patterns may be obtained from

the Michigan Farmer office at the prices

named. Be sure to give pattern number

and the size wanted.





 





 





 





 





No. 5409, Ladies’ 24-inch Length Coat.

()ut in 6 sizes, 32 to 42 inches, bust meas-

ure. .Size 36 requires 2%, yards of 44-inch

material. Price, 10 cents.



No. 4658, Ladies’ Apron—«Three sizes,

small, medium and largo. For medium

size it requires 3% Yards 2‘! inches wide.

Price, 10 cents. *



No. 5379, Girls’ Dress, Closed at Back.

Cut in sizes 6, 8, 10 and 12 years of age.

Age 8 requires 2% yards of 36-inch ma-

terial, 14—yard of 18-inch all—over. Price,

10 cents.



No. 4998, Boys’ Russian Suit. Three

sizes, 2 to 6 years. For 4 years it re-

quires 3 yards 36 inches wide. Price, 10

cents.



No. 5366, Ladies’ Nine-gored Skirt. Cut

in 6 sizes, 22 to 32 inches, waist measure.

Size 24 measures 314 yards around bot-

tom and requires 37/3 yards, 44 inches

wide. Price, 10 cents.
’/





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ' on 485





 





 





 





 

   

 





TOWERS

*FISH BRAND

REFLEX SLICKER





The design shows how ourREFLEX EDGES ( pat’d)

keep water from running in at front of coat.

Every drop goes down and of f, so

YOU CAN’T G ET WET

runs ron Srmcr. SATISFACTION G ummtb

$3.00 EVERYWHERE

A. J.;A;OWER C0.





THE MARK 0f

sro N.





3*; Towns CANADIAN LTD. ,.

To R o N 1' 0.





”VIEW A z . .

EXCELLENCE, I \ , /





   

 





 





 





 





Never Sags

Strength Guaranteed





UILT on the principle of a truss

bridge. reinforced with best iron,

won‘t rust like steel. Strength





is all at the top where it belongs.

You can’t make it sag—horses or cattle can't

Greatest amount of strength





break it down.

without excess iron. Will sell ates complete

or metal parts without boards which you

can provide and save freight. Write today for

big tree circular telling all about the wonderv

fu Samson. Agents wanted—Our men male

ing from $25 to 850 weekly. Ask for our com-

bination. proposition—great money maker.





1. B. Foote Foundry Co.

Dept. 12. Fredericktown, Ohio

Two Indestructible Angle Irons on Top





 





 





fin:





cisterms’fign (you:





P





C





I - '_._. with Imported

. '* gMagneto





\1 i‘J— \-

. . «,4 x

.' '5" .44: ‘.





P no superior

for a ll- round use

onn‘dcr (In PRACE $ 1 6 5





LiGHTlSiinNr -





Motor Cycle ‘ Bic clel

Catalogs. RELIABLE 0a og 41.

THE POPE MFG. CO.

491 Capital Ave" Hartford Con... U. S.A.

35 YEAR'J BUILDING HIGHEST Gems MECHANICAL VEHICLES





MAKE $200.00 A MONTH

B v o B





. e our W“ 055



Ii_you are making less than $50 a week you should

write us to—day. We can help you to wealth and

independence by our plan. You can work when

you please, where you please. always have money



and the means of making barrels more of it.

NOW WOULD YOU_LIKE to be able to start out

from home on a combined business and pleasure

trip. stay at the best hotels and live like 3. lord, and

clean up $10.00 every day? Work at fairs. amuse-

ment places. crowded street corners. manufactur-

ing institutions, anywhere and everywhere. ten

minutes' walk from home or on the other side of

the globe. Just set a machine up any place you happen

to select. and clean up $10.“) above 0 eratin expenses.

MY PROPOSITIQN is the WOlgDERF IL NEW

CAMERA with which you can take and instantly devel-

iép olx entirely different kinds of ploturoo, including

' ‘uttons. Post Cards. and 4 styles of Tintype Pictures.

1 his remarkable invention takes fifty pictures an hour

and requires no experience whatever. Every man,

woman and child in the world wants pictures. and each

sale that you make advertises your Camera

- and makes more sales for you. '

I want to make you a

special proposition on this

Camera together with a

Tripod and a com lets out-

fit, ready to take 00 beau-

\ tiful, sure to please pictures,

, and if you will write me to

\day, I will send you by re-

turn mail full information

regarding this gwonderiul

_ money-melon” and make

you 3 meals] liberal ofl'er. Don‘t delay, but write me today.

L. USELLE. Man. 821 I. A3! 8L. Deni. 315. New York.





WANTED—THREE FARM MAMDS,





must know the business. sober work-



with stock and come well recommended.



fill this bill in full do not apply.

or month. Agply



COFFEE ..



Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 

 

   

 

 

   

       

 

   

 

 

 

 





ere. quiet

If you cannot V

For such men will pay $30



ROYAL VALL

No. 124 Larned St. West.





w ted—1W Railway Mail Students immediately. Ex-

all amination May 4. $1600 yearly‘. Write today

for free trial lesson. 0ZMENT.17 , St. Louis.





ANTED. Position. as manager of large farm, ‘20 yrs.

experience. references. Write describing

farm and terms. J. B. Merritt, Box 25, LuzerneLMich.

—Position at house work in Country by



wante Woman with a child. Write Children's

Bureau of Detroit. No. es Lafayette Boulevard.





’ thatAPav. 3421.590 made by cli-



. onto. 2 Books—“What & How



to Invent—Proof of Fortunes



in nts"ht 112-p. Guide Incl Fm report as to pat-





entlbility. E. E. Yloonu. Pat. Atty. 804 F St... Wash. D. C.





(Continued from page 476).

decision in the mimiograph ease. The

substance of this decision was that in

selling a patented machine the patentee

may require the purchaser to use only

such supplies in the machine as are pur-

chased from the owner of the machine,

notwithstanding the supplies are not pat-

entable.

Foreign.



The White Star Line Steamer Titanic,

the largest vesscl ever built, struck an

iceberg off Grand Banks last Sunday

night at 10:25 and foundered at 2:20 the

following morning, taking down with her,

according to reports, 1,334 lives, making

the incident the greatest marine disaster

in the world's history. Eight hundred

and sixty-six persons carried by the boar

are known to have been saved. Most of

these were women and children who had

been placed in the small boats and were

picked up by the Steamer Carpathia af-

ter the Titanic had gone down. More

exact news of the great tragedy will be

had when those saved arrive in port.



Hundreds are said to be dying daily in

China as the result of the famine in the

eastern sections; of that country, where

300,000 persons are threatened with star-

vation unless relief can be provided. The

recent rebellion has so absorbed surplus

supplies and capital that the new gov-

ernment is unable to cope with the ex-

treme situation.



Proposals of mediation have been made

by the powers to Constantinople with a

view of bringing to an end the present

war between italy and Turkey over Tri-

poli. .



Forty persons, mostly women, are re—

ported to have been drowned near Amoy.





China, by the capsizing of a small

steamer.

The lVIi-Xit‘an government has been





warned by thei United States 1,9 protect

American citizens and property against

excess by Mexican people. The warning

does not contemplate intervention in

Mexican affairs by the United States, but

merely brings the attention of that gov—

ernment to the rules of civilized warfare.

General Orozco, chief of the rebel army,

who permitted the killing of Thomas

Fountain, an American, is largely respon-

sible for the issuing of the order.



Five pcrsons of one. family are dead on

Prince Edward Island. the result of eat-

ing decayed herring, which developed

ptomaine poisoning.



it is reported that 400 Arabs were killed



in an engagement with ltzilian troops of

Tripoli. The ltalians are also said to

have lost heavily, but the numbers are

not reported.

. President Yuan Shi Kai, president of the

Chinese Republic, has recommended that

the chief executive officer of that country

be elected for a term of ten years. He

gives as a reason for this long term tha!

business conditions will be less disturbed

than where elections are held more fre—

quently.





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





Saginaw 00., April 13.—-—After serious

misgivings as to result of high water this

spring, most people are breathing more

freely. A repetition of the disastrous

flood conditions of 1004 was feared, 0w—

ing to long continued freezing, heavy

snowfall and a winter entirely without a

thaw. The Saginaw river and its tribu-

taries had an immense amount of water

to carry to the buy. Snow and ice lay

deep in the woods and the break-up came

late. But with alternate freezing and

thawing and very little. rainfall, the great

mass of water is moving slowly off. with

no unforeseen excess of water, and no

disastrous conditions. The higher ground

is already in many places fit for the plow.

Hay and all kinds of feed are high.

Horses are scarce and high. Butter is_up

again but eggs are low. Poultry fetching

excellent prices.





CATALOG NOTICES.





 





 





Disston Saws and Tools for the Farm,

manufactured by ilenry Disston 8.: Sons,

(inc), Keystone Saw, Tools, Steel & File

Works Philadelphia, I’LL. are fully illus—

trated and described in a handsomely

printed catalog. in addition to describ—

ing the large line of goods manufactured

by the Disston Company, this booklet also

contains information regarding tool econ—

omy, the proper method of fitting saws.

etc. The Dission line includes many oth—

er tools, aside from saws, and this booklci

will be of general interest to Michigan

~Farmer readers.



“The Evidence” is the- title of a publi-

cation issued by loberts, Johnson &

Rand Shoe Co., St. Louis. Mo., in which





the shoe trade and kindred subjects, as

well as a list of the various styles of Star

Brand shoes manufactured by this com—

pany. \\'rite for a copy, mentioning the

Michigan Farmer.



Kraus Pivot-Axle Sulky Cultivators,

manufactured by the Akron Cultivaior

Co., Akron, Ohio. are fully illustrated and

described in a catalog published by this

company. This catalog lists over 105

styles of cultivators, allowing the selec-

tion of a tool exactly suited and designed

for the crop which it is wished to culti-

vate. This catalog and any special in-

formation will bc furnished by writing the





Akron Cultivator Co., Dept. 61, Akron,

Ohio.



J. E. Porter (‘50., Ottawa. Ill., pioneer

manufacturers of hay carriers, send an





illustrated catalog descriptive of their

complete line of barn equipment. If iii-

tei'ested, write them for a copy of the

catalog, mentioning_Michigan Farmer.



“The Value of Regular Dipping,” is the

title of a new leaflet published by Wm.

Cooper & Nephews. manufacturers of the

well known Cooper Dip. which destroys

ticks. lice and scab. Every sheep owner

should have a copy of this leaflet and

can secure same by ad ressing Wm.

Cooper & Nephews, Dept. D, Chicago.

Illinois.





 





 





 





there is a variety of matter pertaining to}





 





 





l 0U will need no roof paint if

‘ you cover your buildings with

Amatite.





In fact, you can’t use paint on

Amatite Roofing if you want to———

the mineral surface is too rough.

And you won’t want to, for painting

the Ainatite surface is as superflu-

ous as painting a stone wall.





The Amatite mineral surface will

hold its own against the weather for

a long time. You don’t have to

look over our Amatite roofs to see

whether t ey need painting every

year or tWo.



The cost of paint, therefore, is

done away With—all that trouble

and nuisance and bother is gone.





/ ROOEING





Simply lay your Aniatite, nail it

down, take away your ladder and

forget that you have a roof.



A sample of Amatite will be sent

free on request, together with a

handsome little booklet, giving de-





tails. Address our nearest Office.

° Lice Destroyer

creonOId and Cow Spr ny





Creonoid in cow burn or hen house keeps

away flies and lice from the stock and pre-

vents the irritation and restlessness which

would otherwise diminish the yield. Ap-



lied with a. spray-pump. Powerful



armless.





Everjet Elastic Paint





A low-priced black paint—tough and dur-

able. Stands heat so well that it can be used

on boilers. For wood or metal, “rubber"

rootinus. fences, iron work, farm implements.

tanks, etc.





and





BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY «1

New York. Chicago Philadelphia Boston St. Louis Cleveland

Pittsburgh Cincinnati ansas City Minneapolis New Orleans \‘

Seattle London, England . . ,MPfi





   





 





 

   





 





linseed oil P





work.

questions and many others.





paint has been standard.





lead paint.





N cw York

Cincinnati





Boston Buffalo





Cleveland





 





A Practical Paint Book



How much paint will you need for your house? How

many coats should you apply P How mix the white lead and

These are things YOU should know for

yourself, no matter if you always have a painter do the

Our “Handy Book on Painting” answers these





. . St. Louis

(Philadelphia. John 1‘ Lewis a Bros. Co.)

(Pittsburgh. National Lnd a on Co.)





Dutch Boy Painter

Pure White Lead .- i





and pure linseed oil, prOperly mixed, make the best wearing

paint you can buy for any price.

Though many substitutes have

been offered, none has stood the test of time like white





For generations such





Send 0 Postal for the Book

Ask for Farm Painting Helps No. 565.





if there are children in your home or your

neighbor's home. ask also for the Dutch Boy

Painter’s Book for the Children.





NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY





C h ica to

San Francisco





 





 





 

 





\.





   





HARNESS





HORSE





COLLARS





Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG 8i. GRAHAM





WHOLESALE ONLY.





DETROIT.





ESTABLISHED 1839.





When writiig to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





$2.__75_





at 55 cents per year.

to expire take advantage of this at once.

your friends about it.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich





Pays for the Michigan Farmer five years.

means that you get the best farm paper in Michigan

If your subscription is about

Also tell





Send all orders to





 





Ask your dealer lor the label.
' wxzvxw‘x. ‘\ ~

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it '.

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. Eh-‘h





 

     

 

 





D LIGHT DRAFT

ONE MAN”





HAY LOADER





. ERE ls areal Hay Loader; a genuine labor

sever; not a mere h'ay elevator. It's right,

I fully called the "One Man" loader because

one man is all that's needed to run it. The force

delivery pushes the be well forward on the load.

l where it can be easily andled by the driver.





DAIN EXCLUSIVE ADVANTAGES





hey to couple to all wagons without adjust-

" _ meat. No long, crooked crank shalt tom-eel:

, or cause trouble. ~ Geared rightto insure light

,drelt and greatest haygethering efficiency.

Gathering rakes and elevating parts operated

by hammock moimtnd pitmane. Works

eti‘ually Well on swath or windrow. Caster ;

w eels in rear leeeen draft and maketurning “ ‘

easy.

1 The Dain’Loader is lightest draft, most simple in

design and most convenient to operate. Gets all

the hay; made to last from best materials. That’s

lwhy ,it is the most opular loader built today——

‘why it is most wide y imitated and just why it

should be your choice.

‘ Consult your nearest John Deere Dealer about

any of our Tools: Mowers, loaders. Side Delivery

Rakes, Stackers, Sweep Rakes, Presses. Write us,

mentioning the tools in which you are interested,

and .we will send you new booklet and our free

book, “Better Farm Implements and How to Use

.Them," the most practical and helpful book

ever published. Ask for package No. U 5





JOHN DEERE PLow Co. ,

MOLINE, ILL.





 

 

 





THE





   





   

 

 

   

   





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   





ad in u 8min—

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0000 Sits/IE”





 

 





 





KONIMM}. ., .,





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of Protection ..

'zigainst





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Get real protection for your buildings while you

are about it. The Dodd System revolutionized

thelip,r htning rod world. It taught scientists and

insurance companies alike that lightning could

be controlled. it is the system endorsed gener-

ally by insurance companies. The “Dodd Sys-

tem of protection’ ’in cans not merely our woven

copper wirerod, standard lightning rod of the

world. It means also right installation. It is all

important that chimneys, pipes, projections,

gables, stoves, eaves troughs, etc.,be consid-

ered. installation can be entrusted only to

skilled men. D. & S. rods are installedonly by

thoroughly traineddicensed erectors. Our great

free book on lightning will keep you from mak-

ing a mistake. Write for it.





Build a Struthers. 79.1 6th Ave., Des Molnes. Ia.





Endorsedhy 2000

Insurance

Companies





 





RUSTPROOF = BULL STRONG: PIG TIGHT

Fences for horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, chickens,etc.

Special low bargain prices. We pay the freight.

Ornamental Lawn Fences and Gates

Send for catalog Brown Fence & Wire Co.

and sample Depto49 Clevemnd.0hio





 





 





 





\





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





PRACTICAL SCIENCE. ll





 





PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

lntroductlon.——(Continued).



It will be found convenient, yes, it Is



almost necessary, at this time, for the





 





young man on the farm to do some con-





siderable reading and studying, just as

the ordinary business man must keep

abreast of the modern conditions in his

line of business. Inasmuch as the farmer

is dealing dirgctly with the basic princi-

ples of science, it is imperative that the

young man who is to adapt his future to

some agricultural pursuit should gradually

accumulate in his home a small working

library of standard books of reference

along agricultural lines.

A Reference Library.



In the study of soils and plants, strange

as it may seem, there is not available the

fund of reliable information which is ac-

cessible in the study of the principles of

animal nutrition. We accordingly recom—

mcnd that the reader, if he takes more

than a mere casual interest in the sub-

ject matter of these articles, should have

at his command one or two books which

we consider authorities along the lines of

animal nutrition. The first book which

we recommend is Henry’s “Feeds and

Feeding,” edited by Dr. \V. A. Henry,

Dean of College of Agriculture, University

of Vt’isconsin. To the matter therein pre-

sented we shall no doubt make frequent

reference and therefore commend to the

student. farmer this book. Another valu-

able reference book to the stock man is

the “Principles of Animal Nutrition,”

edited by Dr. Henry Prentis Armsby,

State College, Pennsylvania.



Animal Nutrition Involves,a Study of Liv-

ing Matter.



In studying the principles of animal

nutrition which, in some text books is

considered under the head of physiological

chemistry, we are dealing with the chem—

ical composition of the animal body and

with a more or less minute study of liv-

ing matter. Our best clue up to date, to

an understanding of the changes which

take place in the animal organism has

been through a study of the food supply

of the animal and a study of the natural

cxcretions of the animal body. “’6 have

stated that more reliable information is

available to the student of animal nutri-

tion than in a study of soils and plants

and we have remarked that this is ex-

ceedingly strange, for we must remem-

ber that, while the plant pathologists and

the soil chemists and physicists have

available material which can be divided,

dissected, and analyzed to a degrce with-

out dcsiroying its various properties, no

such condition exists in the realm of ani-

mal nutrition or physiological chemistry.

The most that the physiological chemist

can do is to draw his conclusions from an

analysis of dead mailer and from a‘nal-

ogii-s, the results of his duplication proc-

ess in the laboratory. llowcvcr, much

progress has hoe-i1 made and stop by step

ihc myslcrics of the animal organism are

being brought to light.



Animal Body a Complex of Countless



Cells.





 





 





 





kITSELMAN Hines





rx , v: v— ‘ Sold direcu to on at recto

, (tot ltAPrOm prices on so d3. trial. Bag

.;. (lie Factory





D the dealers pro 1;. Farm, Hog

I irect

"(EL-gag 1“ I m cENTS A ROD up.





 

 





 

   

 





and Poultry Fence at from



1 All wires are heavily galvanized



' ' 80 rod spool of Ideal galvanized

Barbed Wire $1.40. Write

to—day for large tree Catalog showing

100 different styles and heights of fencing





30" 278 KITSELMAN BROS. MUNGIE, IND.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





elf-Loading Hay Ra

'- . ONE MAN

DOES IT ALL.

Works on any wagon

With any make loader.

Let your brains do your

work. Make more hay

With half the help. Also

~ , WIRE REELERS and

ROLLER BARROWB. Write





JAS. G. BAILEY, Delavan, Ill.





 





The animal organism is a very complex

body, in that it consists of countless

numbers of single cells associated togeth-

er. We have stated that the problem of

the nutrition of iiiiimzils is csScntially, in

fact completely, a problem of the nutri-

tion of the single cell. As proof of this

statement we citc the well known fact

that in its embryonic stage every animal

organism is a single cell. \thn incited

by the fertilizing stimulus it begins its

period of development, this cell grows in

just exactly the some way that the yeast

plant grows, for example, with one cell

attached to another and so on until thé

complete structure is formed.



In the animal body those cells take up

various shapes; some are round, some

angular, some are elongated and few ap-

pear to bear any resemblance to the

original single cell from which, by a. proc-

ess czilled growth they were once elab-

orutcd.



White Blood Corpuscles Have Under-gone

no Evolution,





 





 

 





Thrxre is a class of coils, however, in

the animal body that have refused to ad—

just themselves to the changes which the

other cells have undergone. These. cells

are peculiarly associated with the vitality

of the animal organism. We refer here

to the white corpuscles of the body, the

structure of which is apparently as simple





 





 





_even in the highest developed animal, as





is the structure of the cell from which

that animal arose.

A Cell Defined.'



What, then, may we consider a. cell to

be? In its simplest terms, we may de-

fine a cell as a, mass of living protoplasm

containing in its interior a. substance sim-

ilar to it but more compact and solid,

which is called a nucleus. Every living

cell has a neucleus which is considercd

to be the influence governing the various

activities of that cell. Living matter has

various properties, all of which exist in

the cell as an individual unit. The cell

has, we may say:



1. Power of movement. 2. It has pow-

er of assimilation. 3. The cell has the

power of growth. 4. It has the power of

reproduction. 5. It has the power of ex-

cretion.



Of the various powers we- aitach, in our

studies in animal nutrition, the greatest.

importance to No. 2, power of assimila-

tion and to No. 5, power of excretion.

These two properties are» the properties

which have given the greatest clue to a.

practical understanding of the animal

body and which have made possible our

present knowledge of the theory and prac-

tice of the feeding of the farm animal.



MetabOIIsm Defined.



This process 0f assimilation of food and

the process of the excretion of waste ma-

terials, common to all single—celled bod-

ies, and to all complex organisms as well,

with its various modified associations, we

call metabolism. In our study of living

matter, of protoplasm, we are concerned

cliieily with the- compound called protein.

As far as is known, there is no activity

of animal organism which is not in some

way associated with protein metabolism.



Animal Nutritidn Involves a Study of





Compounds.



In our studies heretofore we have been

conmgrncd chiefly with the study of the

elements which we have designated the

administrative agents connected with the

soil ferlility and plant growth. In animal

nutrition we are concerned very little with

inert, inactive, elemental substances, The

nutrition of animals is manitained by a.

utilization of the complex organic com-

pounds built by the plant out of the ele-

mental substances. There are a few in-

stances in which the animal body derives

nourishment and sustenance from elc-

mental substances. Of course, the act of

respiration brings into play the element

oxygen and in certain cases which may

be considered, however, more or less dis-

eased conditions, iron and calcium, or

limo, swim to have a direct influence in

promoting healthy nutrition. More par-

ticularly, however, do they seem to be in—

directly uscful as in the production of

hydrochloric acid in the secretion of the

gastric juice in the stomach, and in the

establishing of an alkaline condition in the

intestinal canal. ,



Proximate Principles.



The compounds of proximate. principles

considered in Ll. study of the nutrition of

animals are: First. the mineral or inor—

ganic compounds; second, the organic

compounds.



The inorganic compounds concerned are

various acids, such as l'iydrochloric acid.

in the stomach, ammonia, water and var-

ious salts, such as sodium chloride, cal-

cium phosphate, etc. The organic com—

pounds are very numerous. They are the

various compounds of ammonia and or-

ganic acids, alcohols, oils, fails, sugars and,

most important of all, protcids or the

albuminous bodies. The principle com-

pounds With which we are concerned are

water and the inorganic salts and pro-

icids, carbohydrates and fats.



An effort will be made to prevent this

matter becoming too technical but it is

necessary to show the scientific founda-

tion upon which the studies of animal

nutrition are based in order that the read-

er may not form false ideas regarding the

subsequent matter presented.





 





LABORATORY REPORT.





Peat as a Fertilizer.



Is there any manurial or fertilizing

value in peat in its crude or raw form?

If not, with what should it be combined

to make its plant food available? Is gas-

house ammonia. water of any value as a.

fertilizer?



a’Klamazoo Co. J. A. H.



The manurial or fertilizing value 0f peat

in its crude form is not very great. There

are some nitrogenous constituents present

but ordinary peat has not been sufficient-

ly decomposed so that it will exert a. very

high fertilizing influence. If it could be





 





APRIL 20, 1912.





mixed with barnyard or stable manure

the combination would be an admirable

substance to place upon the soil.



Gas house ammonia is a good CCLlrce of

ammonia, provided it can be put upon the

soil without being too rapidly dissipated.

It should be diluted very heavily before

being put upon the, soil and the soil

should be in such a condition that it wifl

immediately soak in and not be dissipated

in the air. It is rather doubtful if gas

house ammonia in "that form would be

sufficiently valuable so that the farmer

could transport it a great distance or pay

much for it. If the company who has this

material would neutralize it with, say, a.

little sulphuric acid or nitric acid, the

resultant ammonius sulphate or ammonium

nitrate would be a. very valuable fertiliz-

ing material indeed, and it would be in a.

stable form not easily dissipated in the

air.



Saxolite.



What is saxolite? A product advertised

in the reading columns of our daily papers

:is ":i rational home remedy for wrinkled,

baggy skin," described as a product

“which goes to the foundation of these

troubles and seems to have come into

general use since its virtues became

known, but a short time ago.” Their ad-

vertisements state further:



“In beauty culture as in the treatment

of diseases, the tendency now is to seek

the removal of the cause, rather than

symptoms and effects.”



According to the claims made, Saxolite

overcomes all of these evils or ills of the

flesh. Makes, perhaps, a pretty face out

of a wrinkled and haggard skin. This

product can be secured at any drug store,

according to their claim, for the small

sum of 65 cents for the ounce, the same

to be added to one-half pint of witch

hazel before applying to the skin.



An analysis of Saxolite- made by Prof.

Zicile gives as follows:





Per Cent.



Alum (anhydrous) AIK (804) 2. 50.4

Magnesium sulphate (anhydrous)



MgSO4 ..................... 12.4



Water ....... 375



Total ...... ............100.0





In other words, then, this preparation

is a mixture of common alum and epsom

salts, pulverized into a fine white powder

and perfumed. The- principal action of

alum is that of an astringent or pucker-

ing, and its most common use for the

relieving of sweating feet. Epsom salts is

a favorite purge where prompt action is

desired.



A circular accompanying the package

says:



“The tightening tonic effect should be

felt soon after the application. Continued

use of the lotion should make results

more and more permanent.”



It is true that the skin will tighten

after the use of Saxolitc, but there is ab-

solutely no tonic action to this product.

It can readily be seen that the stretching

of the skin from its natural position will

make it all the more loose, and the con-

sumer will purchase more Saxolite to

continue the tightened condition of the

skin.



The claims made for this product are

false and misleading when they say:



“It tightens the too lose skin, vivifies

and solidifies the underlying tissues. This

smooths out the wrinkles and gives the

skin a firmer supporting foundation. Ob-

\‘lUllSly this effect must also reduce hang—

ing cheeks, double chin and buggy neck.”



The more you use of this product, the

worse the ultimate. condition; the more

you use, the more you will have to use

in order to hide the evil effects of that

first used. Special Bulletin, North Da—

kota Food Dcpt.





 





 





 





—..._





CATALOG NOTICES.





“Helpful Hints for Him Who Builds 3,

Dairy Barn,” is the title of a booklet pub—

lished by the James Mfg. Co., of Fort

Atkinson, Wis. The matter in this book

is prepared by Mr. '\V. D. James, general

manager of this company, who takes up

the various essential factors of barn

building in a practical and interesting

manner“ including arrangement, construc-

tion, ventilation, equipment, etc. Inci-

dentally, the interior of barns equipped

with the James’ goods are shown. This

booklet is finely illustrated and is free for

the asking. Mention this paper when

Writing.



“Tons Tell, is the title of a. book re-

cently published by the Sandwich Manu-

facturing Co., of Sandwich, Ill. This com-

pany has kept apace with the wonderful

improvements in hay presses during re-

cent years and now manufactures a mot-

or press operated by a. gasoline engine

mounted on same platform, which elimi-

nates troublesome belts, etc. These and

other types of belt and horse—power

presses are listed in their literature which

will be sent upon application by the read-

er?F of this paper.



enn’s Adjustable Post Hole A

itllusigratgd ancllwdeSi‘ribed in a. catallolgegeli:



y e enn anu acturin . -

lotte, Mich. g 00’ 0f Char
v...“ -,_....





  ’ [HANG]:





 





 





 





 





Apart. so. 1912. ‘ ‘





 





‘.m. ‘A-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be





first improved”





THE MAY PROGRAMS.





 





state Lecturer’s Suggestions for First

Meeting.



Ten minutes of singing.



How can cut-over lands be cleared the

cheapest? .



How and why test for acid soils?



A reading lesson. ,



What I have read recently that is help-

ing me now: 1. As a farmer. 2. As a

housekeeper. 3. As a citizen. 4. As a

parent or friend of children.



Instrumental music.



Recitation.



How I hope to secure a higher educa-

tion-



Song.



Suggestions for Second Meeting.



'General theme—The Home—a program

suggested by State Deputy W. F. Taylor.





Recitation, "Turn backward, 0 Time,

in thy flight.”



Sanitation of the rural home.



Gardens and their influence on the





family: 1. Vegetable. 2. Flower.

Reading.

Building the rural



Through the school. 2.

ers’ organizations. 3.

church.



Appropriate music throughout this pro-





gram.





neighborhood: 1.

Through farm-

Throt-gh the





 





 





THE GREAT RURAL NEED.





 





On every hand is heard the call for

rural leaders. Not alone are writers and

speakers upon country life topics saying

that this is the greatest need, but obserf

vation in almost any hamlet or \rural

neighborhood discloses the fact. Instance

after instance can be recalled by every

person whose duty it becomes to visit

local Granges, where plenty of people

were in evidence but where these people

were not organized for fl‘lciency. They

were wasting their possible ability be-

cause of no one to weld it into imple-

ments of usefulness.



A deputy State Master, after visiting

subordinate Granges. writes: “The lack

of people who are-capable and willing to

assume the responsibility of leadership is

the greatest drawback our rural com-

munities have at the present time! Since

I have been out in the deputy work I am

sure this is so. It is not difficult to in-

terest young men in Grange work but it

is difficult to find one who can or will take

the initiative."



And our Granges as a rule are not doing

what they should to meet this need.

Leadership consists in setting others at

work for clearly defined purposes. It is a

key which will unlock successful accom-

plishment; yet whole Granges never dis—

cover it at all. Just recently a membcr

said: “It seems as if the lecture hour in

my Grange is looked upon merely as an

occasion for having a good time—that and

nothing more.” In this comment this

man described far too much of our Grange

labor. It lacks point and purpose. We

scatter fire.‘ We fail to “tie ends." We

waste energy instead of harnessing it for

efficiency.



I was in a Grange not long ago where

the reverse of this state of affairs exist-

ed. Here was a community, apparently,

where everyone who came into the Grange

was scrutinized in order to discover what

he could best contribute for the good of

all. This Grange was a factory that turn—

ed out more than one brand of wares.

Every by-product was utilized and turned

to account. If a member is found to be

musically inclined. he. is assigned to the

chorus or orchestra. if he seems studious,

he is encouraged to write. and debate. If

he is fun—loving and a mimic, he- is per-

suaded to take part in a play or other

dramatics. If he is shy and awkward, he

is induced to join the degree team or help

in a drill exhibition. if he seems to be

no speechmaker or has had little educa-

tion, but can raise better beets or pota—

toes or onions than others, he is called

upon to Show specimens of these. If he

can drive a nail better, or build a better

fire. his gift is recognized gratefully and

made use of. If a woman member is fond

of beauty, her artistic sense is given ex-

ercise in arranging decorations and cos—

tumes for different occasions; and if she

is a good cook she is made to feel that

her high art contributes to the success

of the Grange equally with other features.

The whole policy of such a Grange is to

discover and cultivate ability. This is

developing leadership. It comes through

the practice of seeking to ascertain each

individual’s “leanings” and to adapt and

place responsibility accordingly.



This is the highest goal any Grange can

aspire to. It is worthy the best thought





.CGI’S,





..





and staunchest effort of any corps of om-

whether in Subordinate, Pomona,

State or NatiOnal Grange.



JENNIE BUELL.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Grattan Grange, No. 170, of Kent coun-

ty, closed a very successful contest in

February, having taken in 115 new and

Ie-instated members. The contest closed

Feb. 15 and at that meeting 61 names

were brought in. We think it one of the

largest classes taken into a subordinate

Grange at one time. A class of 56 re-

mained to take the degrees at a later

meeting, bringing the membership of the

Grange up to 205.—Lecturer. .



The Shiawassee-Genesee Pomona Meet-

ing, at Durand, on March 26, proved an

occasion of widened Grange acquaintance

and deepened influence for the 150 patrons

from the twu counties who attended. Bot'n

Pomonas are oiiicered by younger men of

the capable type. and the day together

was made to count vigorously for local

option, improved Grange work and legis-

latio‘n in which farmers generally are

just now vitally concerned—J. B.



The Kent Pomona Year Book for 1912,

a (opy of which came to hand a few

weeks ago, is bigger and better than ever

before. This Pomona adopted the year

book plan of announcing the» meetings

for the year several years ago. Thls

year’s book is a neat paper bound book

of 84 pages, containing program outlines

for all Pomona meetings to be held dur-

ing 1912 and much interesting and valu-

able Grange information. The attitude

of the business men of that county to-

ward the Grange is evidenced by the lib-

eral amount of advertising matter which

the book carrieswsufl‘lcient. it would

seem, to more than defray the expense

of its publication.



Caring for the Orchard.——Grand Tra-

verse Grange is giving special attention

to one practical topic at each meeting,

thus making it possible to have the sub-

ject thoroughly discussed. At its last

meeting the orchard was given special

consideration, the members contributing

experience touching such phases of the

subject as pruning, cultivating, spraying.

thinning, etc. The latest methods along

these lines, whether learned through ex-

perience or from reading and observa-

tion, were brought out. Soil fertility will

he the subject taken up in like manner

at the next meeting during the closing

week of this month.



Manistee Patrons Appreciate the Grange.



Manistee Pomona Grange met with

Brown Grange. March 19 and 20, at its

hall in Norwalk. The snow was very

deep and the. roads bad, but the first ses-

sion opened with a good house. The pro-

gram included several good numbers by

local talent, and Bro. R. H. Ellsworth, of

Traverse City, gave a fine talk to lectur-

ers, which was much appreciated. In the

evening the writer spoke upon “The Rela-

tion of the Grange to- the Farmer.”



The second day opened with a. fourth

degree session and reports from subordi-

nate Granges were received. These show—

ed the order to be generally prosperous

thrOughout the county, though some

Oranges should have a. visit from a. live

deputy. Tanner Grange has over 100

members, has not lost a meeting during

this cold winter, and the attendance has

not fallen below 30 at any meeting. Much

credit is due to Bro. Ludwig Larson,

whOSe zeal and energy in Grange build-

ing are well nigh unlimited.



Following the reports, the writer ex-

emplified the unwritten work and gave a.

short talk. The forenoon program was

marked by a very good discussion of the

vegetable garden. In these, talks we

were told to plant the tomatoes in a hot-

bed, and not remove them too soon as

they will make little headway until the

ground had gotten thoroughly

The middle of June is early enough to set

out the plants, but the seed should be

planted in the hotbed by April 20.



The lecturers gathered for a brief con—

fcrence as soon as dinner was over, and

much interest was shown in the work.

Then came a class of five to receive the

fifth degree, after which Grange again

met in open session and listened to a brief

local program, followed by the writer’s

talk on “Co—operation on the Farm."



Many of the Oranges in Manistee coun-

ly are new, and the way patrons turn out

to Pomona would be a surprise to some

of the older counties. The Grange is prov-

ing a practical help to these people. Al-

ready they are discussing current farm

topics and fields for co-operation, and

much good will doubtless come from such

discussion—WY. F.





NEW GRANGES FOR FAST QUARTER.



National Secretary Freeman reports the

number of Granges organized-and re-or—

ganized from Jan. 1. 1.912, to March 31,

1912, both inclusive, as follows:





 





Organized.



California ....... 1 Missouri ........ 1

Colorado ........ 3 Montana ........ 8

Idaho ........... 5 Nebraska ........ 4

lllinors .......... 4 New Hampshire. 2



ndiana 3 cw York ....... 15

owa ....... ......19 _hio ............. 22

Kansas ...... . . .105 T)regon .......... 7

Kentucky ....... 2 Pennsylvania . . .14

Mame .......... . 1 South Dakota. . . . 18

Maryland ....... 1 Vermont. ........ 6

Massachusetts . . 2 Washington ..... 20

Michigan ........ 9 - —-

Minnesota . . . . . .. 2 Total ........ .179



. . Rel-organized.



Michigan 1 Washington 1

()th ......... .. . 2 West Virginia . . 2

Pennsylvania . . . 2 —

South Dakota 1 Total W. 9





 





._.__.





COMING EVENTS.





Pomona Meetings.

Kent 00., with Evans Grange. Wednes-

day, June 5.





warm.”





" .





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





l mums: owns :1





“I

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—J. D. Leland, Corunna.



Vice-President—D. M. Morrison, St.

Johns. .



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora.



Directors—C. L. Wright, Caro; E. W.

VVoodruff. Blanchard; C. P. Johnson,

Metamora; H. W. Chamberlain, White

Lake; W'm. T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry

Spaulding, Belding.





AA





 





 





Associational Motto.—

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





 





FARMERS’ CLUBS IN MINNESOTA.





 





Volume 1, number 1. of the ".Minnesota

Farmers‘ Library,” the publication of

which has just begun for free distribution

among the people of Minnesota who de—

sire to receive it, contains some interest-

ing data relative to the organization of

Farmers’ Clubs in Minnesota. It is really

an extension bulletin published by the

University of Minnesota and. judging

from this initial copy, should prove of

much interest and value to the farmers

of all states. '



It appears from the facts presented in

this bulletin that during the past two

years about ninety Farmers’ Clubs have

been organized in the state of Minnesota

through the efforts of the farmers' insti-

tute department of the university. These

are very similar organizations to those

existing in Michigan, the plan being to

have such an organization in each small

community. embracing a township at

most. The. entire family of each member

joins the Club and attends the meetings

which are held as circumstances may dic—

tate, in the homcs of the members, the

town hall or cvmr the schoolhouse.



The organization is along general, rath-

er than specilic lines, as is the case with

our ll'lichigan lt‘m‘mcl's’ Clubs, and gives

the greatest opportunity for the organi-

zation as such to take active measurcs

to promote the special interest of the

community in whatever manner there

may be a demand for united action. In

this way it is aimed to make the Farm-

ers’ Club the social, educational and bus-

iness center in the community.



A material impetus has been given the

organization of these Clubs through the

aid granted by the management of the

divisiOn of agricultural extension and

farmers’ institutes of the University of

Minnesota. Where the remicst is made

by the people of any community an or-

ganizer who has had experience in

Farmers’ Club work is sent to Ltlll in or—

ganizing new Clubs and, after the Club

is organized, outlines for meetings and

for the discussion of special topics an-

frequently sent to the Clubs, and on one

or more occasions during each year a

speaker on a special topic of interest in

the community is sent without expcnsc it)

the Club.



One of the advantages which is noted

in this bulletin as having come from

these Parmers’ Clubs is the making of a

rural social center and the encouraging

of sociability among the farm residents

of the community, which advantage is

particularly appreciated by the ladies who

perhaps fool the isolation of country lite

more thun do the men. It has been noted

that these Clubs, especially where they

meet at the homes of members, have been

inllucntial in promoting the installation

of modern conveniences in the homes, the

power of example and the knowledge

gained through observation regarding the

same being a notable influence to that

end.



The educational influence of the Club

is also bound to bc a valuable one, par-

ticularly through the discussions at the

monthly meetings which induce wider

study and reading on tho part of the

members. Circulating libraries are also

used in many of these Clubs. The dis-

cussion of the marketing problem and

other factors of the business conduct of

the members’ farms have also tended t0-

ward more co—operation among the farm-

ers of the Club community than exists

elsewhere.



Samples of the constitution and by-laws

contained in the bulletin show these Clubs

to be very similar in the plan of Opera-

tion to that of Michigan. and something

of the nature and conduct of the meet-

ings held by these Minnesota organiza—

tions will be published in this department

in future issues. to the end that the

thousands of Farmers’ Club members of

Michigan may gain a more intimate





 





(23)





487





knowledge of the growth of the Farmers'

Club movement in that state.





SPECIAL FEATURE WORK FOR THE

SUMMER.





 





 





“'ith the approach of summer the spe-

cial feature work in which the Club will

engage during the summer season may

very properly be considered by Club lead-

ers. The summer picnic has become an

established institution in very many

Clubs and there is an encouraging in-

crease in the number of union picnics in

which two or more Clubs join. But there

are other special features which deserve

attention, such as Memorial Day meet-

ings, Fourth of July celebrations, etc.,

which many Clubs have found it profit--

able to make the occasion of special fea-

ture meetings. \Vhenever a special fea-

ture of this kind is arranged for it should

be promptly announced through the

Farmers' Clubs department of the Mich-

igan Farmer, to the end that Other Clubs

may profit by the suggestion or example.

We. shall be glad to have every corres-

ponding secretary send a notice of any

such contemplated mecting as far in

advance as possible.





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





 





 





Question Box Leading Features—The

itives and East Tompkins Farmers’ Club

met at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John

Foster, April 6. About 50 were present.

After the usual good dinner the meeting

was opened by singing America by the

Club, followed by a prayer by the chap-

lain. After a short business session a.

good literary and musical program was

rendered. The question box consisted of

questions on cream separators, the new

mortgage tax law, parcels post and local

option, and they were all ably discussed

and answered. The Club adjourned to

meet May 4.—lna Stringham, Cor. Sec.



Pass Resolutions Favoring General Par-

cels Post.~—The regular meeting of the

Hadley and Elba. Farmers" Club, March

21, was so poorly attended, owing to the

impassable roads, Mr. and Mrs. Bullock

cordially invited them to come again the

following Thursday. The invitation was

joyfully accepted and about 60 braved the

still nearly impassable drifts to “Orchard

Home." Dinner was served in the new,

roomy basement and the Club repaired

to the parlors for the business and lit-

erary meeting, which was called to order

by Pres. lt. J. Pierson. Mrs. Nellie Phelps

told of “The Many Opportunities we

Miss,” and Martha Davenport followed

with a recitation. The paper, “Shall the

State of Michigan i’rint its own School

books?” by Mr. Tower, caused a lively

discussion, led by W. E. Ivory, Mary Mur-

phy, and others. After voting to send

resolutions to Michigan’s L'nited States

senators and Congressman McMorran, re—

questing their co—operation in securing a

general parcels post law, the Club ad-

journed to meet. with Mr. and Mrs. bl. K.

lounkers, April 18.—Mrs. C. 1’. Johnson.



An Easter Meeting.——-Un March 29 the

Hickory Farmers’ Club held their Easter

meeting at the home of Mr. and Mrs.

Robert iteavey, in Caro. A large company

of the Club members, together with a

numbcr of visitors, enjoyed a social tyne

until the dinner hour. The young people,

with Miss Bessie howling, as chairman,

served the dinner. It being as near

April fool as Easter some of the boys.

placed raw eggs on several tables, but.

no one seemed inclined to eat them so

they were collected up again. The meet-

ing was called to order by the president,

followed with singing by the Club. The

Lord‘s l’rayer was then i‘ClDL‘ulCtl in con—

ccrl Mrs. B. B. ltcavey gaVc a reading

cutitlcd, “The Lightning [totl Dispenser.”

which was thoroughly enjoyed. The sub-

ject for discussion, "Tile ln-aintgc,“ led

by bl. R. l’urdy, was freely discussed.

lloris lleach recited “Somebodys Moth-

or," also “The Village Blacksmith." This

was followed with a violin solo by ilazcn

llcavey, accompanied by Mrs. B. it. l‘ur—

dy. A paper. “How can the Housewife

Avoid \\'aste?” was road by Mrs. it.

.ltobinson. Mrs. Albert llowell gave a.

comic reading which caused much amuse~

mcnt. This was followed with quotations

and the question box. The meeting was

closed with singing by the Club. The next

mceting will be held at the home of Mr.

and Mrs. George Daugherty on Thursday,

April 25. This will be the last all-day

meeting of the season—Mrs. R. L. Robin-

son, Cor. Sec. .



Good Meeting Despite Bad Roads—The

March mecting of the Conway Union

l‘armcrs’ Club met at the pleasant home

of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Croope, Friday

March 29, a goodly number of members

and .many visitors being in attendance

nortnthstanding the bad condition of the

soonidums e01 eonsnf Sump Joijv 'speoa

dinner" provmed by the hosts, President

\\. M. Horton called the Club to order

and after the opening exercises prOceeded

to the discussion of the topics on "the

program which proved to be of more than

ordinary interest to lhnsc present and

showedconclusively that those to whom

the topics had been assigned, as well as

those who followed in the discussions, had

given much thought to the, subjects, by

the many excellent ideas brought forward.

The question box proved the usual num-

ber of good things, which always adds

much of interest to our meetings. The

busmess part of the meeting resulted in

the election of the families of Clay Gor-

don and Alton Grant to the vacancies in

the Club membership. The Club ad-

journed to meet with Mr. and Mrs. J. B.





“Fuller the last Friday in April, with the





program, followed by supper.
’ (24)





488





”W”





i MARKETS '





WMMW

DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





April 17, 1912.

Grains and Seeds.



Wheat.—This has been a very exciting

week in the wheat market, prices having

advanced from 6 to 7c during four suc-

cessive days. This unusual change in

price was the result of reports of damage

to the growing crop over a large part of

soft winter wheat belt. It has been es-

timated by many conservative reporters

that a shortage of 60,000,000 bushels is

promised by the damage already known.

Many predict that the increased values

do not proportionately cover the extent

of the damage and that quotations will

continue to go higher, while the bears feel

that the market has reached the crest of

high prices for the season, unless more

extended damage is done. Hard winter

wheat sections and the spring wheat sec-

tions are calculated to produce a large

ciop. These calculations may, however,

tail, in which event further bulish ten-

dencies will prevail. On Tuesday, Liver—

pool was easier with a slight decline.

She, however, is depending on grain from

Canada which it is hoped can be moved

very soon. The flour situation is about

steady with last week. One year ago

the price for No. 2 red wheat was 870





 





 





 





per bu. Quotations for the week are as

follows:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May. July.

Thursday $1.025. $1.005; $1.020; $1.02

Friday . 1.0414; 1.0214 1.04%, 104%;

Saturday 1.061,; 1.041,; 1.064}; 1.061/2

Monday .. 1.08 1.06 1.08%; 1.07

Tuesday .. 1.08 1.06 1.08%; 1.071/2

\\'odn‘sd'y 1.005;. 1.07%; 1.091/2 1.08%.;



Corns—win sympathy with wheat, corn





values have advanced, although the mar-

gin is not as great, corn already being

quotcd at unusually high Iigures. JJe—

layed spring work is also responsible for

the strong position occupied by corn, al—

though the weather of the past week has

aided materifilly in pushing farm work

forward. A year ago No. 3 corn was

quoted on the local market at BOX/go per

bu. The visible supply shows a decrease

of nearly two and a half million bushels.

Quotations for the week are:





No. 3 No. 3

Corn. Yellow.

Thursday ................. 771/2 7912

Friday .......... . ...... p. . 781/; 801/2

Saturday ................. 791/3; 811,3.

Monday ................... 791/.) 81%

’.l‘uesday .................. 79 81

Wednesday .............. 791/2 811/2





Oats.—~An advance of lo is noted in

the price for oats the past week. the ad-

vance being made on Friday and Satur-

day of last week, since which time a

steady market has prevailed. There is

very little activity in oats due to the short

supply. Substitutes are being largely

used where that is possible. The decrease

in the visible supply amounts to only a

few thousand bushels. One year ago the

price for standard oats was 361/30 per bu.

Quotations are as follows:'





Standard. No.3



White.



Thursday ................ 61 601/2

Friday ................... 611/2 61



Saturday .......... . ....... 62 611/;



, Monday ................... 62 611/2



Tucsday .................. 62 611/2



\\'ednesday ............... 62 611,13





Beans.—Last Friday beans dropped 20

in both cash and May delivery. There IS

but a small volume of trade on the local

market. Farmers have on their hands

an unusual amount of damaged beans

which are being sold at a variety of





prices. Quotations are as follows:

Cash. May.

Thursday .. ..... ........$2.42 $2. 7

Friday ............ . ........ 2.40 2.45

Saturday .................. 2.40 2.45

Monday ............ . ....... 2.40 2.4-5

Tuesday .................... 2.40 2.45

\Vednesday ................. 2.40 2.45

Clover Seed—This market is steady





and prices were unchanged until Tuesday

when a decline of 50c for cash seed of

the common variety and 25c for alsike

occurred. The demand is less urgent from

farming sections. Quotations are as fol—





lows:



Cash. April. Alsike.

Thursday . . .$l2.75 $12.60 $12.50

Friday ........... 12.75 12.60 12.50

Saturday . 12.75 12.60 12.50

Monday .......... 12.75 12.60 12.50

Tuesday 12.25 12.25

\\'ednesday ..... 12.00 12.25





Rye.»Dullness still prevails in this

trade. The grain, however, occupies a

strong position and advanced 1c during

the, week, the present price for N0. 2 rye

being 94c per bu.



Timothy Seedeales of this seed were

made on Tuesday at $6.20 per bu, which

is 300 below the price quoted a week ear-

lier. The market is easy and dull.



Flour. Feed, Potatoes. Etc.



Flown—Market rttles steady with.trad_

ing dull.





Straight ............. . ......... . ...... $5.25

Patent Michigan . ..... .. ............. 4.85

Ordinary Patent ............. . . . . . . . . 4.80

RVc .................................. 5.20



‘Feed.—-All kinds are steady wdth





last week. The carlot prices on track are:

Bran, $30 per ton; coarse middlings, $30;

fine middlings, $32: cracked corn and

coarse corn meal, $32; corn and oat chop,

$30 per ton.



Hay and Straw.»-\ll grades of hay have





gone up abut $4 per ion with the offer— .





ings limited. Straw is steady. Quota-

tions: No. 1 timothy, $26@26.50; No. 2

timothy, $24.50@25.50: clover, mixed, $24

«025.50; rye straw, 55115001712; wheat and

oat straw, $11@11.50 per ton.

Potatoes.—~The increased shipments of

potatoes following improved weather con-





‘THE ’MICHIG’AN FARMER





moner grades sold from 10@20c per cwt.





ditions caused a drop of 100 in local quo-

tations. New potatoes are steady. Car

lots on track are. quoted at $1.15@1.20 per

bu; new potatoes, $3 per bushel.



Provisions.——Family pork, $196020; mess

pork, $18; clear, backs, $17.50@19.50; pic~

nic hams, 100; bacon. 14@151/zc; pure

‘prel poiapuaa amen {on ‘seoiott ut pJei

11-350 per lb.



Dairy and Poultry Products.



Butter.—\Vith an improvement in the

supply, butter declined 1c in creamery

goods since last week. Dairy and pack—

ing stock are steady. Quotations are as

follows: Extra creamery. 31c; first

creamery. 300; dairy, 22c; packing stock,

210 per lb.



Eggs.~The increased volume of offer—

ings has caused a decline of 1/2c in egg

values. \Vhile the demand is large it is

not sufficient to absorb the offerings and

maintain quotations. Fresh receipts,

cases included, are quoted at 191/2c per

dozen.



Poultry.~—This market has a firm tone

and offerings are very scarce. Quota-

tions: Spring chickens. 151i 16c; hens,

15613160: turkeys, 1661180; geese, 11@12c;

ducks, 1.4c: young ducks, 15fii‘16c per lb.



Veal.——Veal is lower. Fancy, 10@101/2c;

choce, 801.00 per lb.



Cheese—All grades of cheesevare higher

except brick cream. Michigan. old, 22c;





Michigan, late made, 201/26i121c; York

state. old, 2260230; do. new, 20%60210:





limburger, 210;:220; domestic Swiss, 22@

24c; brick cream, 2001121c per lb.

Fruits and Vegetables.



Cabbage.—Steady; now selling at 3%@

4(: per lb.



0nions.—Higher; $2.40 per bu.



App-les.—Trade is firm with prices

steady. Baldwins are selling at $3.25@

3.75; (ircenings. $3.25@3.50; Spies, 343.5004)

@4; Ben Davis, $2@2.50 per barrel.





OTHER MARKETS.





 





Grand Rapids.



Tuesday’s market on fresh eggs was

181/;ic, jobbers to country trade. Dairy

butter is worth 25c. The potato market

is easier. Some large local shippers say

that they are not buying for the present,

but are waiting to unload stock on hand.

The paying price for potatoes is around

$1. The bean market is still weak and

the price to farmers is on the $2.05 basis.

In live poultry. fowls are. worth 13c;

ducks. 14c: turkeys, 18c. and geese 10c.

liressed hogs are quoted at StrfiQ‘Qc.





 





Chicago.



\\'lteat.—I\‘o. 2 red.

351.10%: .luly, $1061.43.



Corn—No. ‘. 77@771/zc; May,

July, 7615“- per bu.



Oats.-—No. 2 white,

561/30; July, 531:“: per bu.



Barley.v~'.\lalting grades, $1.10!€i‘1.38 per

hit: feeding. 75fu850.



Butte-r.~~Crcanieries have declined 160

2c. the better grades suffering most, due

to an indifferent demand. Dairies steady

and unchanged. Quotations: Creameries

2801300; dairies, 247028c.



Illg'gs.-'l‘his market is holding up wall

under the heaviest offerings of the year,

prices showing a l/éftrfiic decline since

last week. Demand active. Quotations:

Firsts, 100; ordinary firsts, 18@181.~;c per

doz: at mark, cases included. 1877181/{30



Potatoes.~WVhile receipts are materially

lighter than last week, prices continue to

decline. the loss since this time last week

running from 8((1100. Business active at

thc lower range of values. Michigan and

Minnesota stock now quoted at $1.22@

1.27 pcr bu: Vt’isconsin, $1.20@1.25.



Perms—Steady and unchanged. Quo-

tations: l’ea. beans, choice hand—picked,

$2.65 per bu: prime. $2.50@2.53; red kid-

neys, $2.50@2.00.





$1.11@1.12; May,

765é0;





58@581/2c. ; May,





 





New York.





Butter—The past week provided a

Weaker market and quotations are off

about a cent, except. for packing stock

which advanced a fraction. Creamery

special. .2lc: extras. 3215c: firsts, 31%0

32c: packing stock, current, make, No. 2,

24c per lb.



Eggs—"Supplies are swelling and values

are. lower. Quotations: Fresh gathered

extras. 22c: firsts, do.. 211/gc: seconds, do.

1014 @1014c: western gathered whites, 211/2

fii220 pcr dozen.



l"oultry.—-- .r‘tlivruw-Market is easy. V’Vesi—

ern fowls. 151/_.c: turkeys, 15c per lb.

liressedrrvtradc is easy. Fresh killed

fowls, 149301170; turkeys, 13(1‘22c per lb.



Boston.



\\'ool.—Thc past week has been a quiet

one. in wool circles and prices are about

steady with those formerly quoted. Fol-

lowing are the leading domestic quota-

tions for fleeces on the local market: Ohio

and Pennsylvania ile-ecessvhelaine wash~

ed, 300(31c: XX, 28c: fine unmerchantable

23c: l,(_.—blood combing, 26%61270: 3nit—blood

combing, 27®28c; 14-blood combing. 2761)

280; dclainc unwashed, 250:26c: fine un-

washed. 21c. Michigan. Wisconsin and

New York fieeces~—Fine unwashed, 1961.1

20c: delaine unwashed, 23c; 1/_.~blood un—

washed, 22c. Kentucky, Indiana and

MisosuriM";—blood, 27@28c; 1,4-blood, 27

@28c.





 





Elgln.

Butter—Market firm at 31c per 1b., a

decline of 1c from the price of the pre-

vious week.





THE one STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.





 





. April 15, 1912.

(Spemal Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York),



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 132 cars; hogs. 80 double decks:

sheep and lambs, 85 double decks; calves

2,600 head. -



With 132 loads of cattle on our market

here today, and 21,000 reported in Chi-

cago, all the better grades of cattle sold

fully 15@25c per cwt. higher and the com.-





_.’





higher. The market was active and ev-

erything was well cleaned up by 1 o’clock.



We quote as follows: Best 1,400 to

1,600-lb. steers, $8.40@8.65; good prime

1,300 to 1,400-lb. steers, $7.75@8.25; do.

1.200 to 1,300-lb. do., $7.25@7.75; best

1,100 to 1,200-lb. shipping steers, $7@7.40;

medium butcher steers, 1,000 to 1,100,

$6.25@6.75; light butcher steers, $5.50@6;

best fat cows, $5.50@6.‘25; fair to good do.

$4.50@5.25; common to medium dov., $3.75

@425; trimmers, $2.75@3.25; best fat

heifers, $6.25@G.75; good fat heifers, $5.25

((1)6; fair to good do., $5015.25; stock heif-

ers, $4@4.25; best‘feeding steers, de-

horncd, $5@5.25; common feeding steers,

$4014.25; stockers, all grades. $350604;

prime export bulls, $5.50@6; best butcher

bulls, $4.75@5.25; bologna bulls, $4104.50;

stock bttlls, $3.25@4; best milkers and

springers, $406450; common to good (10.,

$250030.



‘t'ith 80 cars of hogs on sale here today,

market opened active and prices 5@10c

higher on all grades but pigs, which Were





5613100 lower: the bulk of the good grades

sold generally from $8.15fiil825; lights

from $7.25@7.40; pigs, $6.50@6.75. The





market closed steady on all good grades,

but slow on pigs and lights; almost im—

possible to sell lights at anything like

satisfactory prices. The weather is very

warm here. today, and would advise be-

ing very careful in loading hogs, for :1

continued hot spell will surely mean plen-

ty of dead if not loaded properly.



The lamb market was active today;

most of the choice lambs setlling from

$8.40@i)8.50. Look for little4higher prices

the balance of the week. The sheep

market was active; prices about the same

as last week. Prospects steady:



\Ve quote: Best wool lambs, $8.40@

8.50; clipped lambs, $7607.25; cull to com--

mon wool, $6.50@7; wethers, $6@6.25:

bucks, $3.50@3.75; yearlings, $7@7.50;

handy ewes, $5.75@6; heavy ewes, $5.75

((1.6; cull sheep, $3.50@4.50; veals, choice

to extra, 35825617850; fair to good do., $7

(as; heavy calves, $4.50@5.50.



Chicago.

April 15, 1912.





Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 21,000 34.000 25.000

Same day last year..16,031 28,921 23,753

Hect-ivud last week..41,371 120.114 70,108

Saute week last year.48,472 120,078 74.651





Here is another Monday with limited

cattle receipts, {and prices are strong to

a little higher, three sales of heavy

bect’es being recorded at $8.75, 50 higher

than any sale of last week. Hogs are

strong to Sc, higher, with sales of light

lots at $7.50@.7.95, and quite a good show-

ing of $8 strong weights, but buyers are

contesting the advance. The hogs mark—

etcd last week were much the heaviest

of any seen in a long period, averaging

228 lbs, which compares with 221 lbs. 3

week earlier, 238 lbs. a year ago and 229

lbs. two years ago. The big number of

hogs left unsold daily last week bears

witness to the; determined efforts made

by buyers to hold prices down below the

$8 mark. The sheep and lamb market

starts off very well, and some prime

lambs‘ brought $8.10, an advance of a

dimc. but the general market is not per—

ceptibly higher. Current receipts are

coming mostly from the big feeding sta—

tions located not far from Chicago.



Cattle have not been marketed of late

with much freedom, floods in the west

and muddy country roads tending to les-

sen shipments, and at the same' time

muddy feed lots discouraged farmers from

refilling feed lots. As is usual at this

season of the year, the demand has been

quite moderate, the dearness of beef and

abundance of reasonably low priced eggs

tending to curtail the consumption of

beef, but for all that, cattle sales were

largely at 156120;: advanced prices on ac-

count of the light supplies. Beef steers

sold largely at a range of $6.50@8.20, with

a pretty fair showing of $8.25@8.70 steers

on Monday and very few on other days.

Inferior to fair light-weight steers sold

at $5.50@6.75, and medium grade steers

went: at $7 and over, good cattle fetching

$7.65 and upward and prime heavy beeves

$8.25@8.70. Desirable yearlings sold at

$6.75@8.20, while cows and heifers were

in active demand at $4.10@7.50, cutters

selling at $3.40fd4, canners at $2.35ta335

andbulls at $3.50666.80. The customary

spring marketing of calves from the dairy

districts of -'\Viseonsin, Michigan, Illinois

and other states has been going forward

vigorously recently, and extremely large

numbers have shown up at the stock

yards, where sales have been brisk on

the whole at $3.5061‘825 per 100 lbs. for

inferior heavy calves to prime light veal-

ers. \\'hile the larger part were only fit for

veal, some were well worth converting

into beef, and it seems a great pity to

slaughter good steer calves at such a

time of scarcity of beef cattle every—

where. Everything points unmistakably

to a scarcity of good cattle for months

to come and high prices. and a better

time to begin growing beef cattle and

buying young cattle to fatten could not be

imagined. Recent sales of stockcrs and

feeders have been checked by muddy feed

lots, bttt this trade is at last starting up

once more, and high prices prevail be-

cause of light offerings. Stockers have

been selling at.$4@6.10 and feeders at

$5.50@6.70. Milch cows are firm at $3560

70 each, with fair buying orders.-



Hogs have acted bearishly much of the

time since the market was boomed to

58.07% per 100 lbs. for prime offerings,

local butchers and packers, as well as

eastern shippers, holding back frequently

and refusing to makerpurchases except

on considerably lower terms. Prices were

still extremely high as compared with

most former years, however, and stock

feeders continued to obtain substantial

profits from fattening hogs. The average

weight of hogs received here has in-

creased considerably since the early part

of the year, but it is still far from being

heavy, and it seems odd that more own-

ers do not hold on longer and get more

weight. On their recent boom the prices

paid were the highest of the year, and

no one looks for cheap hogs at any time





APRIL 20, 1912.





for months to come. The stocks of pro-

visions held at' the five leading western

packing points on April 1 aggregated 337,-

810,936 lbs., compared with 266,190,000 lbs.

a year earlier' and 158,403,000 lbs. two

years ago, the increase in stocks during

March being only 403,000 lbs., compal'ed

with an increase of 62,553,000 lbs. for the

same month last year and a decrease of

12,890,000 lbs. in March two years ago.

Sheep’ and lambs have been sold re-

cently at much the highest prices seen

in a long time, with a large demand on

local and shipping account and only mod—

erate daily receipts, especially of sheep

and yearlings. Lambs from Colorado

predominated, and there was a greatly

increased proportion of clipped flocks,

which were preferred by slaughterers, as

they dressed to better advantage. Most

of the lambs have left Colorado, but con-

siderable numbers of Colorado and west-

c-rn Nebraska fed lambs are left at feed-

ing stations near Chicago. The market

has experienced some marked reactions

of late, and general declines have taken

place: at, times on smaller buying orders,

medium and common grades weakening

the most as a. general rule. The close of

the week saw lambs largely 25c‘lower

than a week earlier, and sheep were

mostly 2561350 lower. VVooled lots sold

as follows at the close of the week:

Lambs. $5.256r8; feeding and shearing





lambs. $601725: yearlings, $6.35@7.10;

wethers, $5.25006.90; ewes, $3.25@6.50;





bucks, 33.75015. Sliorn lambs sold at $6.25

607.10 for fair to prime. The late bad

market was in response to declines in

the east under larger offerings.



Horses have become more active re-

cently, the demand embracing farm

workers Weighing 1.100 to 1.450 lbs. at

$100@200 per head, chunks weighing 1,250

to 1,450 lbs. at $1,506I2200, wagon horses

at $160611250, light drafters at 35175617225

and heavier and better ones at $23061)

325, with few going near the top price

for draft horses. Southern buyers are no

longer calling for small southern chunks

to any great extent, but are more favor-

ably inclined to good farm mares. F.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





 





The possibilities of the future produc-

tion of beef cattle in 10th are to be put

before lowa farmers by the new lowa.

iieet‘ Producers’ Association, which has

a fund of $7,500, appropriated by the last

state legislatute for this express work.

it is probable that a special train will be

sent through the state carrying beef men

and members of the animal husbandry

faculty of lowa State College.



Late repoits from entirely reliable

sources of information regarding the

range conditions existing in Montana, \Vy-

omnig, South Dakota. and Nebraska show

that the past winter was one of unusual

severity and duration, and in no recent

year has the snow fall been so great.

However, cattlemon and sheepnien have

exercised sutIicient forethought to pro-

vide for such Conditions, and in anticipa-

tion of a hard winter. they provided un-

usually large quantities of both hay and

grain. The expense- was heavy, but the

stockmen thought that it would pay, and

the outcome is that stock came througa

the winter in better shape titan many

owners had hoped for. Under such con-

ditions, losSes will be above the normal,

but they will not be heavy enough to

cripple financially the cattle, sheep or

horse men of the great western range

country. The Sheridan, \Vyo., Post of

recent date has the following bearing on

the situation: “While the forage crops

wore short the past season, and but lit-

tle better the season previous, there was

in the country much old hay that had

been carefully conserved by stockmcn

and ranchers for this very emergency,

and it has been upon this supply that the

country has drawn, and which, together

with grain shipped in, has saved the

herds from starvation."



\Y‘ord comes from Kentucky that there

were far less lambs born in January than

a year ago because of unusually severe

weather and snow storms, but sheepmen

had much better luck in the following

two months. They carried larger num-

bers of ewes into the winter than usual,

and most of the'ewes came through in

good condition, as feed was fed unstint-





ingly in spite of its. dearness. Ample

shelter also was furnished. There has

been considerable contracting of early





lambs for June delivery at $6.50 per 100

lbs., or $1 higher than last year, and in~

durations are that the later lambs for

July delivery will cost still higher prices.

Liberal mid—June shipments of lambs are

promised.



Owing to the winter drought in Arizona

and California there will be a big reduc-

tion in the number of fat sheep and

lambs to be marketed from these states

this spring and summer. Early outside

lambing in ldaho was lowered materially

by the wet, cold storms in February,

while markctings from Oregon and \\'ash-

ington will not be heavy this season be-

cause of reduced flocks in both states and

the large demand from Pacific coast

killers.



The recent floods in the: west have in-

terlered seriously with the marketing of

live stock from such districts_. and ex-

tremely bad country roads elsewhere have

greatly checked such shipments, while

muddy feed lots discouraged farmers from

buying more cattle to reistock such feed

lots. Then the lack of rough feed and

the extremely high prices for corn and

hay are naturally potent factors in dis-

couraging many farmers from buying

stockers and feeders at this time. Feed

lots are described by. stockmen as the

worst known for months past, with deep

mud and cattle standing in some places

almost knee-deep in the mud.



Recently there has been a strong de—

mand in the Chicago market for prime

fresh cows, largely from eastern dairying

districts, with very small numbers offered

for sale. Near-by places are also send-

ing in larger buying orders, and at least

twice as mamr as are available could be

sold easily. For a good class of back-

ward springers there is active killer com-

petition. o





 





 





.41» run. . _
' ”more.





APmL 26,1912. .‘

THIS is THE, LAST EDITION.





In 0‘ nrfi edition 'the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

"hursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday 5

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a. card to that eflect





 





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday's Market.

' April 18, 1912.

Cattle.



Receipts, 745. Market strong and 25

@400 higher than last week on all grades,

trade very active.



\\'c quote. Extra dry—fed steers. and

heifers, $7.35@7.70; steers and heifers,

1_000 to 1.200, 96.25607; do. 800 to 1,000.

953.5001650; do. that are fat. 500 to 700,

$4.50rlj.5.25; choice {at cows, $5@5.50; good

fat cows, $4.25(¢'L‘4.75; common cows, $3.25

€13.75; canners, 825060325; choice heavy

bulls, $4.75@6.25; fair to good bolognas,

bulls. $4.25Q475; stock bulls, 3350617450;

milkei's. large. young. medium age, $4019

55: common mllkcrs, $200,630.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Schuer 5 cows av

1.004 at $4, 7 do av 881 at $4, 2 do av

975 at $4; to Newton B. Co. 3 steers av

703 at $5, 9 do av 728 at $6, 7 do av 936

at $7, 1 do weighing 920 at $6; to Sullivan

1’, Co. 3 do av 1,177 at $6.75, 16 do av

1.225 at $7.70. 9 do av 883 at $5.60, 3

butchers av 800 at $4.25, 5 cows av 1.024

at $5. 13 steers av 914 at $7, 2 do av 825

at 3‘6. 3 cows av 907 at $5; to Parker, W.

& (,‘o. 2 bulls av 1,420 at $5, 3 cows av

917 at $4.85. 2 do av 725 at $3.60; to New-

mn B. Co. 2 do av 850 at $4.25. 3 steers

av 1.117 at $7.20. 2 do av 810 at $5. 9

butchers av 861 at $4.25. 1 steer weighing

830 at $6; to Parker. \V. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 2,000 at $5.25; to Sullivan T’. Co.

7 mtchcrs av 753 at $5.25. 24 steers av

840 at $6.90, 34 do av 1,150 at $7.65. 9 do

av 1.250 at $7.65. 1 do weighing 1,050 at

$6. 12 do av 1,018 at $7.40: to Parker. \V.

.‘i' C0. S cows av 864 at $3.75, 3 do av 890

at $4; to Thompson Bros. 7 steers av 836

at $6.25, 9 do av 912 at $6.75, 2 do av

1.000 at $5.25, 6 do av 411 at $4.50: to

Newton B. Co. 8 steers av 994 at $7.50, 4

do av 925 at $6. 1 bull weighing 1.190 at

$6.50: to Thompson Bros, 8 bulls av 1.032

:lt $5.25.



Haley & M. sold Naglc P. Co. 46 steers

nv 1.042 at $7.10; to Schuer 1 cow weigh—

ing 740 at $3.15, 2 do av 1.036 at $4.60. 2

do nv 935 at $3.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 27

steers av 1,022 at $7.10. 19 do av 936 at

$6.75. 5 do av 892 at $6.50. 1 cow weighing

980 at $5. 2 do av 980 at $4.75; to Reg-v n



bulls av 465 at $3.80, 2 heifers av 600

t 37:: to Schuman 20 steers av 853 at

6.85: to Applebaum 8 butchers av 700 at

(4.85: to Krll 1 steer weighing 680 at

«5.50. 2 do av 738 at $6; to Kamman B.

(7o. 2 cows av 1.075 at $5.25; to Parker,

\i'. & Co. 25 steers av 914 at $6.85.



toe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 11

steers av 1,110 at $7.25; to Nowton B. CH.

1: do av 603 at $4.50. 4 butchers av 702

at. $4.75, 1 cow weighing 850 at $3.



Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 15

steers av 1.099 at $7. 5 do av 880-at $6.25,

1. bull weighing 1.400 at $4.85. 20 steers

av 1.035 at $7, 19 do av 1,166 at $7.55, 1

do weighing 1,000 at $6.50; to Mich. B.

(to. 1 cow weighing 900 at $3.50, 2 do av

1.0-1.7 at $4.50, 1 steer weighing 1.000 at

$6.12 butchers av 827 at $4.90, 3 cows av

923 or $4 60, 3 do av 860 at $3.25.



tobb sold Kamman B. Co. 7 steers av

970 at $6.75.



Lovewell sold same 1 do weighing 1,170

at $7, 2 cow and bull av 1.,175 at $5-



Veal Calves.



teccipts. 839. Market 25@5OC higher

than last week. Few choice at $7.75@8;

good. 557.256.117.50; common, $4@6; milch

cows and springers dull.



Pishop. B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

5 av 108 at $5.50. 19 av 135 at $7.50; to

Hammond, S. & C0. 6 av 95 at $5.50, 20

:IV 125 at $7.50. 2 av 95 at $5.12 av 140

:1: $7.50, 7 av 125 at $6.50; to Sullivan P.

MI. 3 av 100 at $5.50, 5 av 155 at $7.50.

2 av 110 at $5.50. 7 av 140 at $7.50; to

(loose 12 av 135 at $7.25: to Rattkowsky

11 av 130 at $7.25, 12 av 135 at $7.25; 10

Thompson Bros. 4 av 95 at $5, 12. av 130

at $7 25; to Rattkowsky 12 av 135 at

$7.75; to Parker. \V. & Co. 19 av 125 at

$7.50, 5 av 112 at $6, 7 av 160 at $7.50; to

Burnstine 10 av 148 at $8.



Spicer & R. sold Kull 8 av 140 at

”47.75, 4 av 155 at $8; to Applebaum 1

weighing 150 at $8.25; to Sullivan P. Co.

ll av 120 at $5.50, 2 av 80 at $4.50.



Kendall & D. sold McGuire 18 av 150 at

“56.75, 4 av 125 at $7.50.



Haley & M. sold Goose 2 av 125 at $5.

8 av 130 at $7.50, 8 av 135 at $7.50, 3 av

31'. at $5, 2 av 120 at $5; to Parker, W. &

(‘1), 2 av‘ 100‘at $6, 8 av 125 at $7.



1 Eggungs sold Appiebaum 2 av 120 at

v in .

Long sold Goose 4 av 145 at $8, 5 av

115 at $5.75.



Sheep and ambs.



Receipts, 3,060. Sheep steady; lambs

2571 30c higher than last week. Best wool

lambs. $8698.30; fair to good lambs, $7@

7.75; light to common lambs, $4695.25;

clip lambs, $6.25@6.85; fair to good sheep,

954.5061‘525; culls and common. $2.75@

3.25: spring lambs. $107011.



Splcer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 118

clip lambs av 75 at $6.75; to Mich. B. Co.

10 do av 58 at $6.25, 12 sheep av 85 at

$4.25, 18 lambs av 55 at $5.25; to Bray

37 clip lambs av 65 at $6.40. 36 do av 47

at $4; to Kull 51 lambs av 63 at $6.45; to

Sullivan P. Co. 34 do av 55 at $4.50. 1

sheep weighing 80 at $2; to Breitenbeck

38 sheep av 120 at $4; to Sullivan P. Co.

65 clip lambs av 83 at $6.85. 2 sheep av

130 at $5, 55 clip lambs av 80 at $6.85, 1

buck weighing .150 at $3.50; to Bray 2

lambs av 95 at $7.75: to Sullivan P. Co.

11 spring lambs av 60 at $11.



Long, sold Mich. B. Co. 6 spring lambs

av 58 at $10. 23 lambs av 75 at $7.50.





 





 





 





m

4





Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson Bros.

12 lambs av 80 at $7.50, 11 sheep av 100

at $5; to Hammond. S. & Co. 94 clip lambs

av 75 at $6.75. 19 do av 60 at $6.85; to

Sullivan. 1". Co. 12 sheep av 90 at $3.50:

to Mich. B. Co. 7 do av 107 at $4.50, 8

lambs av 85 at $8, 211 do av 70 at $8.25.

10 sheep av 121 at $5.25. 425 lambs av 77

at $8.30, 239 do av 80 at $7.20; to Parker,

W. 8.: Co. 7 sheep av 85 at $4.75, 4 lambs

av 80 at $7.50, 144 clip lambs av 67 at

$6.50; to Barlage 48 do av 50 at $5, 51 do

av 63 at $6; to Hammond, S. &. C0. 24

mixed av 65 at $4.50, 12 clip lambs av 67

at $6.85, 87 do av 75 at $6.85, 6 do av 48

at $5; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 12 sheep av 90

at $4.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Barluge- 15 clip lambs

av 50 at $5. 43 do av 63 at. $6.



Rordine sold Newton B. CO. 321 cllp

lambs av 65 at $6.75.



Yonngs sold Hammond, S. & Co. 74

lambs av 68 ill $8. ‘





Hogs.



leceipls, 4,306. Market strong at W’ed-

nesday's priccs; pigs 25c and beavies 25@

30c higher than last week; lights steady.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

(-rs. $8; pigs. $6.30; light yorkcrs, $72500

7.60; slags one-third off.



Haley & M. sold Hammond. S. & Co.

28.". av 200 at $8, 150 av 185 at $7.90, 45 av

170 at $7.85, 35 av 150 at $7.75. ,



Spicer & it. sold some 350 av 195 at $8.

175 av 180 at $7.95, 100 pigs av 105 at





Rashop, B. 82 H. sold Parker, TV. & CO.

1,215 av 200 .‘1[ $8, ”40 av 180 at $7.95. 5.35

11v 175 at $7.90, 315 av 165 at $7.85, 450 av

162'. at $7.80.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 70 av

225 at $8.05, 64 av 200 at $8. 66 av 190 at

$7.00. 58 av 125 at $7.05, 17 pigs av 115

at $6.50.



Friday's Market.

April 12, 1912.

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1,538; last week.

1.7? . Market. active at Thursday's

prices.



We quote-z Best steers and heifers. $7

717.50; stccrs and heit‘crs, 1,000 10 1.200,

$li.25@6.50; do. 800 to 1.000, $525016: do.

that are fat, 500 to 700, $4685; choice fat

cows, 34.7561525; good do, 84.25.414.50;

common cows. $3603.50; canners, $2.50@3;

choice heavy bulls, 3145061475; fair to

good bolognas, bulls. 947:4.25; stock bulls,

$3.50fgz4: milkcrs, large. young. medium

agc. $106,747; common milkcrs, $206,120.



Veal Calves.





ltcccipts this week, 1.518; last weckfi





1.6-ll. Market very dull und 5071‘75c lower

than Thursday’s opening. Best, 96.756127;

others, $4715; milch cows and springers

\‘cry dull.



Sheep and Lambs.



ltcccipts this week. 3.462: last week,

1.564. Market steady at Thursday’s

pi'iccs; quality common. Best Limbs. $7.75

(H8; fair to good lambs, 36.7570750; light

to common lambs, $4606.50; clip lambs,

$6036.75; fair to good shecp, $4.50@5.25;

culls and common, 62.507.13.50.



Hogs.



Receipts this week. 7,347; last week.

7.082. Good grades 50 higher; pigs and

lights steady; few choice brought $7.70;

bulk at $7.65.



Range of prices: Good butchers, $7@

7.70: Digs, $6706.25; light yorkcrs, $7.25@

7.50: stags one-third off.





.1. D. McGregnr. thc widely-known

Angus cattle brccder of Manitoba, has

returned from Scotland bringing 20 head

of as fine brecdcrs as could be purchased:

He says they are scarce over there. lie

adds that the whole world is up against

a serious beef shortage. Mr. McGregor

says: “The Angus herds of ScOtland

have been drown upon so heavily by both

North and South America. that and so

many havo been disqualified by tubercu-

losis, that a man has no easy task in

picking out a car load of clean genuine

top-nothcers. As scarce as good cattle

of that breed are on this side of the At-

lantic. the are still more scarce in Scot-

land compared with thc demand. Those

on this side of the line need not figure

upon what westcrn Canada will be able

to do in the way of beef production for

a while, as western (‘anuda last year had

to draw cattle from tho (last to supply

its home trade, and it doubtless will have

to do much more of the same during

1912.” He adds that meat is sold in

Scotland for little more than half what

it costs either in Canada or the I'nitcd

States.



Shecp and yearlings were scarce arti-

cles last weck. the daily 'receipts being

made up mostly of lambs. Prices contin—

tied to rule very high, being greatly in

advance of values seen earlier in the sea-

son, when there was a rush to market

stock from feed lots in the region tribu-

tary to Chicago. and prime lambs sold

especially high, as usual. Feeding and

shearing lambs were in good demand at

very high prices, not many being avail-

able. and the pcrcenrage of shorn flocks

showed further marked gains. Light and

handy-weight lambs were prime favor-

:tcs, these being wanted for the Easter

trade. Sheep and lamb receipts at other

western and eastern markets were opt

to be light in volume, and this tended

to strengthen the Chicago market. \Vool-

ed lambs sold freely during the week at

550628.25 for culls to prime. while year-

lmgs advanced to $6.60@7.40. wethers to

5555060645 and ewes to $3.50fir650, with

bucks selling at $4.50@5.50 and feeding

shorn wethers brought $6.25 and prime

and shearing lambs at $6497.25. Prime

shorn ewes $6, both advancing sharply.





“7— WA NTE Il—I'IAY

Farmers and shippers. write to us for prices.





John L. Dexter & 00., Detroit, Mich.

ESTABLISHED 1886.



2J7 Kouns Steel Slackers, Rakes



‘ We and Sheds make good hay.



13‘ Let me show you.



"“ , KOUNS MFR. B 414, Selina, Kala;





 





     

   





THE“ MiCHIGAN ,





4 _ and state size you need





 





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2 H.P.. Type ”H"





‘Fairbanks-Morse Engine will

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every purpose for which you so

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F airbanks-Morse

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do more. They give you years and

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The Fairbanks-Morse is a four

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Engines built for operation on

, gasoline, kerosene, gas or_ low

grade oils. Vertical and horizon-

tal types.

Write for Catalog No. NA 601





' Fairbanks, Morse & Co.





Chicago Detroit '-





 





 





 





Get Together





Producer and Consumer—

save the middlcmcn‘s profits.



PANTS made to your

Vorder by experts. Express

prepaid; at half retail prices.

Corduroys and Gov’t. Khaki, $2.50

Dress Trousers, from $3.00 up.





SAMPLES FREE





Send for thcm at once to the

HOME WOOLEN MILLS CO. (Est. 1840:

9 Water St., Chambersburg, Pa.





 





 





.....,.__..._._—.._.___-





We Want 11170311117 '





We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advancements and prompt rcnnttmlccs. l





 





 

 





 

   

   

   





(25) 489





 





*'- FARMS lllll mm nuns ll





Hlll SALE llll EXBHlllGE I





MICHIGAN FARMS





40A" all cleared. fine house and born, wind mill.

level. $2500. 510”) down. balance easy. Others. t‘uiu-

EVANS-HOLT 00.. Fremont. Mich.





 





loguo free.





' ' b t D‘lawnrc. 'l:.\‘

Beautifully Illustrated Booklet “3.3;; of”... am...

luscious peaches. strawberries. and of ideal liOmcs

Address State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delirium





—Retuil bottling dairy. lnml-

For sale ernly equipped. lixclusiw

sale of town. 6) Mills. daily. Stock farm and tools.

Description sent. W. H. BUARDMAN, Vassar. l‘llt'll.





FOR FARMS IN NEW Y.0RK STATE





and in 21 other States. East, West and South. unldn-w.

or call on. B. F. McBUIlNEY & 00.. 703 Fisher Bldg.

Chicago, 1“,. or 309 Bus-table Block, Syracuse. 1‘4. ).





DELAWARE FARMS.





Money-making farms throughout entire State. 251.". n",

acre up. Live stock. implenn nts and crops oitcu in.

clinled. We oilcr be-t bargains and puy buyers ruin

road fnrc. Catalogue l'r'e. FURD (v “1018. lnc.,

Dept. 56, Ford Building. W'ilmlngton, Dclunum.





[20R SALE—80 ACRES clay loam. well drulnul,

entirely c cured and cultn-nn :1.

Good buildings, three wclls, big applc orchard.

Tno miles from Freeland. Stonc roml. .\ \\ IN) lult.

$5.50”. GOVER 11' MUlllllH. h'rcclulnl, Mich.





 





 





 





 





Fancy High Grade





Fruit 8: General Farm.



The best. 69 acre farm in Southern Michicun; (no

sets of buildings. one 9-room house finished in oak.

nearly new. and one 01" 7 rooms; 2 barns und good onl-

buildinrs. buildings supplied with water by windmill:

handsome tllriity pouch orchard of 21K) trees bearing lint

bushels per 11cm. 1 acres in apples, some trees produc-

ing 1:3 bbls. per tree: 2(1) pear trees; 100 plum trees and

50 cherry trees, all in bearing; one acre each of ruspl

berries and strawberries: large crops ot fruit. olfaltu.

grain and hay. 'lhis form will please you; located

only 3 miles from R. 1%.. schools. creamery and stores

close by. Owner has made money here and wishes to

retire; price only 3910.500. eus ' terms. For instruc-

tions to see this and many 0t. er productive farms,

one of 100 acres with splendid buildings for $6500 with

yearly income of $3010. get. "Big Fertllc Farms" copy

free. We pay buyers' railroad lures. Station 101

E. A. STRUUT FARM AGENCY, 407 So. Dearboru

Street, Chicago, Ill.





FOR lNFORMATlON AS TO LANDS IN





7 The Nation’s"

' Garden Spot-





Tllll’l‘ GREAT FRUIT AND TRUCK

. GROWING SECTION-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





Daniel McCailrcy’s Sons 69. ,





 





Reference. \l'ashlngton Trust Companv, or any bank in city 1





when you can buy 5

the Beat Land in 1

DIlchl run at from 5

S7 to “ an acre i





near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for ma and par- l

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. Sta eld Bros. ‘

(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg . Saginaw. W. S. Michigan.





 





 





017R Oo-operative List. quotes owner's price for ‘ .—'

select farms all over Southern Mlchigainl'“l





The Ypsilanti Agency 00.. Inc.. Ypsilanti. Michigan





Prn'ssunc, PA 5





 





along the





Atlantic Coast Line

RAILROAD





in Virginia, North and South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to





WILBl'lt MCCOY, E.N.CLARK,

A. 61.1. A gt. for Florida, A. (2 I. Agt. t‘orV1rginm

Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas,

Jacksonville, Fla. Wilmington, N. 0,





Why Rent a Farm





and be compelled to pay to your landlord most of

your hard~earncd prolitsi Own your own

farm. Set-urea l-‘reo Homestead in

Manitoba. Saskatchewan or Al-

rta. or purchase land in one

of these districts and hunk a

profit fron1310.00 to $12.00

an acre every year.



Land purchased three years

ago at $10.00 an acre has recently

changed hands at $25.00 an acre.

The crops grown on these lands

warrant the advance. You can





.1. 1’ I

. Become R Ich



'. bycnttlo raising. (lslryinlz, mixed form-

ing and grain growing! in th ; Provinces

of Muixitqlm. Saskatchewan and

Alht-x‘lu in “'t-stcrn (.‘umldu.



Frcc lmmcstcml nml pro-eruption

areas,“ wcil as land held by rull‘d'lly

and land «:omnanics. will provide

homes for lnilliuus.



Aaluptahlcmnilmenltlli’ul climate.

splendid schools and ch urches c.1111

good railways.



For settlers' mics. descriptive litera-

turc"l.ast Best West," how to rcach tho

country and other particulars, write to

Bup‘t of Immigration. Ottawa. Canada.

or to the Canadian uov’t Agent.





N W. C. McINNES.

1m Jetierélon Ave. Detroit, Mich.

A.





 





 





 





 





 





 





. A

Marquette. M ich. L





 





 





ever inventcl 1.





carriers, door





THE EASY WAX





To get your hay in is to buy a





, PORTER HAY CARRIER





Works with either fork or hay slingS.

The simplest, strongest and most- reliable Hay Carrier





Send for catalogue of complete barn equipment—hay





hangers, feed and litter carriers, steel

stalls and cow stanchions.





J.E. PORTER 00., Ottawa, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 

 





Write for Free Booklet





5 WITHOUT Muff:





"How to Raise Calves Cheaply and Successfully W ilhoul Milk"





 

 





Contains full information and complete feeding directlons for using





Blatchford’s Calf Meal -—The Perfect Milk Substitute





Three or four calves can be raised on it at the cost of one where milk is fed.

No mill feed _Thg only call meal manufactured in an excluswc Calf Meal Factory

Established at Leicester. England. in I809.





BARTLETT a 00..





Jackson, Michigan.
490 (26)





E: THE DAIRY _





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





 





 





THE CO-OPERATIVE BREEDERS’ AS-

SOCIATION.





I wish I might place before the readers

of the Michigan Farmer in a few words

the advantages of the co-operative breed-

ers’ association. The state has been en-

deavoring for some time to convince the

people who are keeping live stock, of the

value of community breeding. As yet

the results have not been as great as

might have been expected. But the plan

is right; it would seem to commend itself

to every practical man, and without doubt

this movement will become very popular

in time.



The members of the association should

own at least 120 cows, and 150 would be

better. They, as soon as they are or-

ganized, proceed to purchase three or

four sires of the breed which they have

chosen. Right here they are to take a

step which will largely determine the

worth of this movement to the community

in the future. It is well to take time and

trouble in the buying of these animals.

Their mothers ought to be in the register

of merit class. They may cost a. few dol-

lars more for that but no money is likely

to be so well spent as that which we pay

for good breeding in the animal that is to

be the sire of our future herd of cows.

It is often hard and sometimes it seems

impossible for a single individual to pay

the price of a sire which is as good as he

would like, but a number of these persons

can unite, in which case the burden is not

heavy for any one of them.



Thus. in our own association, we have.

two of the best sires that ever came into

the county. Few of us would have

thought of owning either of them as in-

dividuals, but to buy them in the asso—

ciation, was a very easy matter.



The company arranges with a. responsi-

ble party to care for each of the bulls.

It is stipulated that he must give the ani-

mal opportunity for exercise in winter,

and a well fenced yard containing at least

a half acre wht‘re he can run in warm

weather. This last item is very important

for many a good bull has been rendered

valuclcss for want of exercise.



The price paid the keeper varies, but it

is usually from $40 to $.50. Each member

of the company pays for the service of

the animal, though the, price is usually

not above one dollar, while it is customary

to collect a fee of two dollars from those

outside the company. The fees are col-

lected in advance. This is very import-

ant. in fact, in any form of co—operative

effort, the matter of prompt payment is

always vital to success.



After two years, these bulls can be ex-

changed, c, g.. after number one has tak-

en the place of number two, two will pass

on to the home of number three, and

three will be brought to the former place

of number one. Here they may remain

for another two years, when another ex—

change» can be made if desired. By this

time, however, the heifers from these

{sires will hayr- lvccn at work for some

time and ihcil‘ Worth may be known to

some extent, at lcast. \K'e may conclude

that it is best to dispose of one or more

of those sires aftcr the four years trial.

but if not, thcn we may exchange again

and thus have the use of each sire for

six years.



It may happen that one of those ani-

mals turns out to bo of great value, and

if so, we can keep him longer and use

him on our old cows. It has happened

many timcs that a very valuable sire has

hccn disposed of before his worth has be-

come known.



I haVo been thinking of sires owned in

this section, within the last ten years, and

i do not believe that one of them has been

kept long enough to find out what he was

really worth. Time has proven the worth

of some of them after it was too late

to get them back, and our neighborhood

is a fair sample of the more progressive

communities in the state. A very fine

hull was sold here last spring for $50 for

beef. It turns out now that some of his

daughters are animals of much promise

ull have been kept, he

of great service to the

cinity, but it is too late,



as done his work, and all

is a lesson in breeding which

we ought to heed.



The individual who keeps a bull for

profit, cannot retain it too long, for if he

does he will lose patronage, as the young

heifers should be bred to some animal

not akin to them, and since another mate





 





and could the

might have bee

herds in this





 

 

 

 





 





must be fOund for the heifers, the owner

will be likely to use him 'for the old cows

also. So it happens that this man who

keeps a bull mainly for the profit result-

ing from the patronage of his neighbors,

must get something new, or lose a. large

part of his business.



There are plenty of bure-bred males

for sale, and they can be bought so

cheaply when calves, that there is little

demand for an old sire. If his real

worth were known, if he had a wide rep-

utation, it would be different, but all the

community knows is that he is registered

and that there are a lot of his heifers

that must be bred somewhere else, that

the owner will get a new male which will

be registered, and which, for aught they

know, is as good as the old one, and so

we go on and on.



One of the best things about the asso-

ciation is, that it gives an opportunity to

find out what the sires are actually

worth, when tried out, and provides a

way by which we can keep and use them

as long as we like at; the lowest possible

expense in cash.



But there is a still greater advantage

than this. It is the help which grows out

of association. No sooner does a com-

munity unite to breed better live stock,

than each individual is possessed of a.

wish not to be left behind in the race.

()ur association was formed last spring,

and I doubt if anything else has ever

done as much to increase the interest in

better breeding of live stock. Several

cows from this section will be admitted

to the register of merit class on a year's

test, and there will be more next year.

Progress of this kind is always inspiring,

for it heralds the coming of a better day.

but the men who join a co—operative

brecders‘ association are not making per-

sonal sacrifices for the public good. They

are going to get their pay back in hard

dollars. They are going to grow a num-

ber of good grade heifers which they will

not need, and in time they are to become

breeders of pure—bred cattle, and the as-

sociation will advertise what they have

to sell by the mere fact that the best

dairymen are in it. The people who

want dairy stock will buy it from mem—

bers of the association if they can, and

they will always be wise in this, for there

will the best cattle be found.



in closing, I desire to ask every reader

of this article to consider whether, in his

pulgmcnt, it' would not be wise for his

neighborhood to unite for the breeding

of better live stock? This movement is

a part of the great werk of rural com—

munity building, and as representatives

of the most essential calling of mankind,

we should give it our hearty support.



Oceana C0. W. F. TAYLOR.





 





COMPUTING DAIRY RATIONS.





Scientific men have given much study

to the ration problem, and the conclusions

they have arrived at have saved dairy-

men and stock feeders millions of dollars

in giving information that enabled a more

economical selection of feeds for domestic

animals. lut the standards of feeding

are not yet satisfactory. Men are still

dcvoting study to the problem and we

are of opinion that there is still more to

learn and perhaps to unlearn, than has

already been found out.



l’rof. ll. it]. Van Norman, of the State

College of Pennsylvania, has given the

matter of dairy rations close attention

and made public a new standard of figur~

ing rations which is less complicated than

the old standards and is claimed by the

author to come more closely to the expe-

rience of feeders in the actual operations

of feeding than the old systems of cal-

culation. He calls the new standaul the

net energy standard. The old standards

are based upon the amount of digestible

nutrients contained in the feeds used to

compound the ration, and explains the

feeds in terms of their composition; while

the net energy standard states the value

of feeds in terms of power to do work.



In the net energy standard there is de-

ducted from the feed the losses in the

feces, in gas, in urine and in labor re-

quired for mastication, digestion and as-

similation of the ,t'eed; what is left being

the amount that the animal economy

utilizes in the production of milk. For

example, in feeding 100 lbs. of corn meal,

9.2 per cent is lost in the feces, 9.3 per

cent is lost in gas, 3.9 per cent is lost in

urine and 36.3 per cent is lost .in labor,

making a total of 58.7 per cent, leaving

but 41.3 per cent of energy for the pro-

duction of milk. In feeding 100 lbs of

timothy hay 48.9 per cent is lost in the

feces, 3.8 per cent in gas, 3.1 per cent in

urine and 29.5 per cent in labor, making

a total loss of 85.3 per cent and leaving

14.7 per cent to actually go into the pro-





, .





THE MICHIGAN FARM-ER. ’





duction of milk. Again, in feeding wheat

straw to dairy cows, 54.8 per cent is lost

in the feces, 9 per cent in gas, 2.5 per

cent in urine and 27.7 per cent in' labor,

making a total loss of 94 per cent, and

leaving 6 per cent for producing milk.



In order to compare the old and the

new standards of feeding it is well to

take these three feeds and mark the dif-

ference as measured by the old standards

and the net energy standard as set forth

by Prof. Van Norman. Taking corn as

a basis and following the computations

given in Henry’s Feeds and Feedings, we

determine that with corn meal having 100

per cent digestible nutrients according to

the old standards, timothy hay then has

65 per cent digestible nutrients, and wheat

straw 51.9 per cent, and these form the

comparative values of these feeds so far

as digestible nutrients are concerned.

\V’hereas, following the new method of

determination we find that where the net

energy of corn is 100 per cent, the net

energy of timothy hay is 35.5 per cent

and of wheat straw is 14.5 per cent. A

review of these figures in the light of ex-

perience with feeding the different feeds

will quickly tell the practical man that

wheat straw does not contain one-half

the value, weight for weight, that is had

from corn meal; but the net energy fig-

ures which states that the wheat straw

has about one-seventh the value for

milk production comes more nearly to the

actual merits of these feeds.



Acting upon this new method of com-

putation the professor has worked out 3.

scheme of determining rations in which

he uses the “therm” as the unit of meas-

ure. Scientifically defined, a therm is

equal to 1,000 calories. It may also be

expressed as the amount of energy re-

quired to do work which, when converted

into heat, will raise approximately 1,000

lbs. of water through four degrees of

temperature, F.



Now, a cow requires a certain amount

of net energy to maintain her body. It

is estimated that a 1,000-lb. cow needs

six thcrms of net energy to maintain her

one day. If she is producing 20 lbs, of

milk per day then she will use another

six therms, or 12 therms in all. If she

produces but 10 lbs. of milk per day then

she will require but three thorms. of net

energy, or nine therms for the day. The

amount of energy, in other words, re-

quired above what is needed for mainte—

nance varies in proportion to the amount

of milk that the cow gives. and naturally

to the quality of milk also.



Besides the net energy, the cow must

have.» protein. To limit the protein in the

ration is to limit the milk production.

Our question, then. resolves itself into

3one of knowing how much protein and

net energy a cow requires and then to

determine the amount of protein and net

energy in the different foods available.

The elements of cost, palatability, bulk,

variety and effect upon the cow’s health

must enter into the computation of the

ration; and having a knowledge of these

elements, with a table showing the

amount of protein and the amount of net

energy in the available feeds, one can

with very little calculation, determine the

kinds and quantities of food stuffs to

use. A full discussion of the net energy

method of computing rations is contained

in Bulletin No. 114 of the Pennsylvania

station, together with tables giving the

protein content and the energy value in

the most common grain and roughage

feeds.





LOCATION FOR SI LO.





.__





“'here do you think it would be the

best place to put a silo, on the south

side of a barn in an inconvenient posi-

tion, on the north side where it would

freeze more but where it WOuld be handy,

or on the east side?



Newaygo Co.



I would locate the silo where it would

be most convenient for feeding and pay

no attention to the freezing. I dont think

it would make very much difference about

freezing weather, whether it was located

on the north or the south side of the

barn. \Vhen We have real cold nights it

is just as cold on the south side of the

barn as it is on the north side, it might

thaw out a little bit quicker on the south

side, however, than on the north. But

in an ordinary winter this question of

the. freezing of silage is not a very im-

portant one. Usually we have a few

cold days and then we have a warm spell

and silage will thaw out. It doesn’t in-

jure the silage to freeze it, it is simply

an inconvenience in feeding. Of course,

no one would want to feed frozen silage

to the cows. You must allow it to thaw

out first. I think the only sure way of

preventing a silo from freezing is to have

a little oil stove or some heating device





SUBSCRIBER.





 





 





APRIL 20, 1912,





MAKE YOUR MILK

CANS PROFITABLE





‘ SANITARY milk can makes

money for you in better qual.

ity milk—bringlng the highest



price. Quality and dirt cannot go together.

A milk can must be sanitary, easy to clean

and keep clean. That

describes the Sturges.

Every inside seam sol-

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as a. glass tumbler.

Nothing taints milk

like old milk or butter

particles. They can’t

lodge in sanitary





Slurges

Milk Cans





the strongest built, of

highest quality steel

plate, tinned and retin-

ned in our own shops.



0





 





 





 





 





 





Seamless neck

sanitary cover, round

| , handles of one piece. We



‘ ' guarantee satisfaction.

Write for Reasons.—If your dealer doesn’t handle

them, write us direct. We have warehouses at

various points throughout the country. You are

sure of prompt shipments from Pittsburg or Detroit»

and small freight. Ask for Catalog 45.





Sturges & Burn Mfg. Co.

608 S. Green 81., Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





THIS OFFER 18 N0 CATCH.

It is a. solid proposition to send.

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Western o_rders fll ed from

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AMERICAN marathon co. Watt“.





 





The value of ensiluge for dairy or

. cattle feeding is known to all. To get

lg . _= : results care must be taken in selecting

‘ E 1 a silo. The ROSI BILO is absolutely



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of ensilago. Why! Because it





IS THOROUGHLY MANUFACTURED



and has feature: that are important



3nd found on the Ron Silo only.



Profit by our experience and build a



BOSS 81140. Catalog explain. all.



Anon!- Wanted



- . The E. W. Ross Co.(Est. 1850)



_ Box 14 SPRINGFIELD. OHIO ,





'G’Yuu can II

an IIIDIIIIIA Sll

on our plan and

.i‘ll'ile; never know you

""""' ' luve spent a cent!





The best proposition ever of-



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WM .1 you. can get one.





INDIANA SILO COMPANY,





The largest makers of Silos in the

world. Address nearest factory:

3:3? Union Bldg" Anderson, Ind.



‘ Indium Bldg., Des Moinos, In.





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

   

   





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





3-1,,EARLY BUYERS e

SAVE MONEY .

Iii





'll- EARNImeESMPAID ‘illlllllllllll

_t:- HOWWALAMAznnzatwlitigant





MICHIGAN .-





All Metal Sllos





(PATENTED)





Direct from Factory. A ermanent

structure adds value to your arm—not a.

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CATALOG. Address nearest factory.

H. W. HARRY MFG. 00., Dept—1t.

KANSAS CITY. I10.. AND HASSILLON. OHIO





CHUR" FREE —-To lntro- CHALLENGE

duco the CHURN

Firlt person in each township. Guaranteed to make firs

class butter from milk or cream in 2 to 7 min. 1 to 10 331‘

as shit . Writetodny lure. Get one free. Agents wanted-

AS N MFG. (30.. Dept. M. Canton. 0!) (y





I I





Patents that PROTECT





For Facts about Prizes, Rewards, etc. .send 80 stamp for

our new 1% page book 0 .ntense interest to Inventora'

R. S. a A. B. LACEY, Dtep. 89. Wuhiugton. D. C. Eatlb. 1869.





 

 





IllnuullII I

ilHIIHllllll
‘Ae’f‘iI-L 20. 1913'.





in the silo in theatreme cold. weather.

and then ’keép':thi's burning nights. How-

ever. the slight inconvenience caused by

freezing would amount to practically

nothing compared with the inconvenience

of moving the silage when silo is located

on the wrong side of the barn.





 





 





.—





HANDLING THE HEIFER.





 





With the increased importance attached

to the raising of dairy cows on the farm

where they are to be used, men are giving

the methods of developing the heifers

into cows of merit, increased attention.

No doubt a few of the generally accepted

rules and observations of leading dairy-

men along this line will be of interest to

the amateur and possibly to the old dairy-

men who heretofore have ascribed merit

in the cow kingdom altogether to inherit-

ance, or who thinks that after the cow

has come to give milk is time to begin





.according her the attention that is to





get results. .



First, as to the time to breed the heif-

ers. It is the usual practice among dairy—

men to have the heifers come fresh at

about two years of age. This is a good

rule to follow. But exceptions should be

made. If one has a heifer that is delicate

and slow of development there can be no

question but that a delay in the breeding

would react in much benefit in the later

history of the animal. The later breed—

ing would give a better opportunity for the

heifer to mature. On the other hand, if

the heifer is well-developed and shows a

tendency to become “beefy" then it is

well to have her freshen before two years

in order that the dairy instincts may be

nurtured. It often would be to the ad-

vantage of such an animal to have her

freshen at 20 and even 18 months of age.

The judgment of the owner should be dis-

criminating in this matter.



Months before the heifer is to become

a mother she should be allowed to run

with the dairy herd. She will thus be-

come accustomed to their company.

Where the heifer is kept by herself ‘until

she has her first calf and then allowed

with the herd, there is apt to be too much

excitement for her good, and besides, she

is pretty sure to be teased by the older

members of the herd as a stranger. In

turning the heifer with the herd care

should be exercised that she be not in-

jured by the other cows or that dogs do

not scare hcr. '



Above all, handle the heifer before she

freshens. At that time she needs to be

relieved of all unnecessary annoyance;

hence. she should be acquainted with the

person or persons who are to care for her

and milk her. Manipulate the udder, cur—

ry her occasionally, give her a little grain

from the hand and in other ways seek to

gain her confidence in you and her af~

fection. Time spent doing these services,

as occasion offers, will go a long way to-

ward producing a gentle cow that milkers

will not object to milk.



The first calf should probably best be

removed from the young mother within

24 hours. The dairyman should take the

calf out of hearing distance from the

mother and then go back to the mother

and pet her, carefully rub her inflamed

udder and draw a little milk, which will

offer relief. If this is done carefully then

the heifer will look upon the man as her

comforter and benefactor. it perhaps

would be well to take the clippers and re-

move the hair from about the teats. “'hen

these hairs get under the milkcr's hand

and the hand is manipulated for drawing

milk the action pulls the hairs and causes

pain. By removing them this source of

annoyance is eliminated.



The young heifer should be milked as

long as possible during "her first lactation

period. This first period is strong in its

power to establish the habit of long milk—

ing periods, and should not be neglected

even though the owner does not secure

what he considers enough milk to pay.

The heifer is being cared for, not alone

for the day, but for the future cow she

is to make, and Since from this attention

her usefulness as a mature cow is to be

greatly enhanced, the owner needs to

mark such time as be here spends as in-

vested to bring profits later, .



It is generally recommended that the

second breeding time of the young cow

should be delayed. There are two reasons

for this: First, it gives the opportunity

for extending the first period of lactation

for the purpose above stated, and second,

it allows the heifer to recover from the

strain of her milking period and to go on

with her bodily development. It is imv-

portant that she grow to a normal size.

This end‘is apt to be thwarted by crowd-

ing her first lactation periods too closely

together. .



It is useless for us to comment upon the

necesisty of giving the heifer a liberal

ration. In proportion ‘she must haw: a

heavier ration.than the older cows for





 





besides producing milk and maintaining

her body she must grow, all of which

requires food. Then, too, her milk pro-

duction later will depend upon her ability

to assimilate food. If her assimilating

powers are restricted then her milk flow

will be limited. Good, palatable, succu—

lent. nutritious feeds will do a, great deal

toward developing a desirable food ca-

pacity in the young animals.





SAVING THE LIQUID MANURE.





 





I bought a farm and undertook to re-

model the barn to accommodate 20 head

of cattle. I put in a cement floor with

tight cement gutters so that the liquid

manure would all be retained. The plan

was to fill a large bin in the tool shed

near by with muck and use that as an

absorbent. to build a manure shed and

use a litter carrier, but I did not get

around to any of these last year and I

can assure you that liquid manure has

been a problem. I think i have paid for

it, say twenty times its worth, this past

winter. Now, I know a man who milks

cows enough so he starts a milking ma-

chine, whose gutter opens into a tile

drain, and I had a young man from Ohio

who says he worked in a 100 cow dairy

and that both gutters opened into a tile

drain. I thought I was planning to do

some good farming, but I want your ad-

vice. I can cut through to these gutters

and send all that liquid on its way to a

county drain, or I can finish as I plan-

ned. Some of my one and two cow neigh-

bors are very sure i must have the drains

in the and. and advise against my wast-

ing any more money on it.



Eaton Co. E. F.



The liquid manure can bc saved and

applied to the land with no great amount

of trouble, but one must have a good

supply of bedding as an absorbent. You

can get along almost entirely with straw

if you use plenty of it. Take a little

pains in pressing it into the gutter so

that it will absorb the liquid manure. IL.

of course, would be a fine thing to have





the bin of muck, because muck or dricd‘





earth is a, good absorbent of the liquid

manure. Land plaster or acid phosphate

is also a good absorbent, but you should

place your main dctpendnnce upon straw

and use plenty of it. Tramp it into the

gutters to absorb this liquid manure. We

sure. all of our liquid manure at Lillie

Formsttnd with cement gutters in this

way. I never saw any particular use of

having a cistern to run the liquid manure

into it and save it in that way when it

can all be saved by absorbing.



By no means chisel through the ends

of your gutters and allow the liquid ma—

nure to escape. This is a valuable part

of the manure, and We, cannot afford to

lose it. If the horse barn is not too far

rctntved from the cow barn it is an ex-

cellent, plan to put the horse manure in

the gutters every time after the cow ma—

nure is removed. Ilorse manure is a

good absorbent ot‘ liquid manure, and by

handling the llol‘Sv manure in this way it

prevents all pssibility of loss from the

horse' manure heating and fire fanging.

But it is not necessary to use horse ma—

nure or any considerable amount of dry

earth or muck as an absorbent. It can

practically all be saved by a liberal use

of dry straw or shredded corn fodder as

bedding.



HUMAN FOOD IS PREPARED IN THE

DAIRY BARN.



Many of our readers will be building

barns for their dairy animals this spring.

In considering plans for these structure;

the fact should not be lost sight of that in

them human food is to be manufactured

by tho cows. They should therefore he

put up with that same consideration for

sanitation that the kitchens of the homes

of the same men are planned and built.

Cleanliness. ventilation, light, should be

controlling factors in their arrangement

and erection. Because the type of dairy

barns which secure these ends is being

adVot-ated thrmlgh'every avenue of pub—

licity it should not be taken that they are

necessarily more expensive than the type

of barns that we have bevn in the habit

of building. Some have even gone so for

as to declare that the new type is cheat»

91‘. It is certain that the expense will be

but little more, and that the margin ‘of

additional cost will be out of all propor—

tions to the better returns accruing from

the herds kept under the improved con—

ditions, and besides the greater satisfac—

tion will prove an ample reward to the

owner.



Wayne Co. A. H.



“'hen the cows teats become sore or

chapped, treat them with vaseline cr

lard. '



If the cows have become lousy spray

with a two per cent solution of a coal-tar

disinfectant.



The periods between mllkings should

be made as nearly equal as possible.





THE meme/m FARMER.





 





(27) 491





 





We cannot believe that there is a sensible man living who

would purchase any other than a DE LAVAL Cream Separator

for his own use if he would but see and try an improved

DE LAVAL machine before buying.



It is afact that 99% of all Separator

buyers who do SEE and TRY a DE LAVAL

machine before buying purchase the DE

LAVAl. and will have no other. The 1%

who do not buy the DE LAVAL are those

who allow themselves to be influenced by

something else than real genuine separator

merit.



Every responsible person who wishes it.

may lutvea Free Trial of 9. DE LAVAL

machine at his own home without advance

payment or any obligation. whatsoever.

Simply ask the DE LAVAL agent in your nearest town or

write direct to the nearest DE LAVAL office.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





 





 





 





"A Valuable Book





on Silage

and the Building of





Silos





(Yours for the Asking)





 





 





We’ll gladly send

this book of nearly 90

pages of practical

information to any

farmer who has stock

to feed.





 





 





 





 





It tells clearly and thoroughly how to make good

silage and how to feed it; its beneficial effect upon

growing cattle and upon the milk flow; how much

cheaper it is than dry fodder. The book tells also

how to build a concrete silo,“ how large to make it,

where to locate it, how to fill it, how much it will

cost, with detail plans and directions for doing every

part of the work, with or Without a contractor.

If properly built of clean sand and gravel and UNIVERSAL





Portland Cement, the silo will last forever, be fireproof, rat

proof, leak proof, and cost practically nothing for upkeep.





Ask our nearest office for this interesting booklet.

“Concrete Silos,” Sent you without charge.





UNIVERSA “823$?“ COMPANY

CHICAGO PITTSBURGH MINNEAPOLIS

72 WIst Adams St. Frlck Building Security Bank Building





Annual Output 48,000,000 Sacks





 

   

 

   





 

 

   





a”§$q%k a“

.~,





V . key [:ngflvi.





 





0 you know

it pays to





Address





Cheapest and best.

ECLIPSE MFG. CO., Dept. A, Jackson, Mich.





8, 10 in. diameter.
492 (28):





WHY THE DAIRY BUSINESS Is

GROWING.





 





Statistics are not necessary to show

the expansion of the dairy business. That

it is growing, everyone in a. position to

observe, will admit.



One of the chief reasons for its growth

is the improvement in the demand for

dairy products. The demand is larger

because of the increased proportion of

urban population to the rural population,

This is also enlarged because dairy pro-

ducts are now being ttsed in a greater

variety of ways than formerly. \Ve- have

but to note the extensive use of milk

and cream for ice cream, which a few

years ago was a luxury indulged in by

few. Condensed milk and powdered milk

also add to the demand made upon the

dairy farmer. This wide demand is an

important element in the growth of the

dairy business, since it has not only

maintained prices but pushed quotations

to the extreme heights attained the past

few years.



Another element in the improvement of

the dairy business is the utilization of

by—products. In another article in these

columns is set forth the many uses that

skim-milk is now being put to. Butter-

milk is also becoming more popular as a

drink where it can be secured fresh, and

whey is being recognized as an animal

food that is worth too much to be thrown

into the gutter. The use of these pro-

ducts is bringing an increased income

into the, pockets of the dairy farmer.



A third factor in raising the dairy busi-

ness to the popular position which it now

occupies is the higher intelligence which

men are gaining of thc variation in eco-

nomic prOduction by diffcrent animals.

Perhaps there is no division of farming

where such a wide margin exists between

the profits on a poorly conductcd farm

and a well conductcd one. The gcncral

recognition of the possibility of securing

large profits through the selection of good

cows has done much to place the business

upon its prescnt high lcyel in our agricul—

tural economy. .\ good cow that will

yield around 300 pounds of butter per year

produces from the feed shc consumes

about $75 worth of products when butter

is tigurcd at 25 ccnts as the farm price.

In addition to this she also produces 6,000

pounds of skim-milk which, at 20 cents

per cwt. is worth $12, and a calf that is

valued at $10. making in all a total in—

come of about $07. The average cost of

feed for such a cow will run bctwecn $45

and $in por year. .\t the highcst figure

there would remain a nct profit of $47

per 00“”. This ('lll('l|l:tlltl1] is only tenta-

tive in that undcr conditions where the

milk can be sold directly to a retail trade

the not profit can at loast be doubled.

This, however, shows, the possibilities of

an attractive income for tho man who

applies intoiligcnce to the Work.



l-lut possibly the chief source of encour-

agcment and enthusiasm in the dairy

business arises from the indirect benefit

accruing to the land itself. Dairying has

rehabilitated many acres of land that

otherwise Would have had to be. aban—

doned. 'l‘he busincss increases the ca—

pacity of the farm. not by adding morc

acrcs but by incrc'asint,r tbc number of

bladcs of grass that will grow upon the

arca. This, in turn. cnhanccs the labor

put. upon the flclds. ("orn, oats and any

crop can be grown chcapor upon rich soil

than upon him] poorly providcd with plant

food. Thus, the dairy busincss c'nzlblcs

the farmcr to inci'casc his profits in a

sort of a gcomotrical ratio and it is this

fcature, combincd with otbcrs. including

those mcntioncd above, that is bringing

dairy farming to tho front in our north-

crn states. And certain lines of prac—

tices, such as the increasing uso of the

silo and the production of alfalfa, sec-In

to prophcsy a larger future for this ag—

iicultural specialty. A. Ii.





BEST VARTETY OF CORN FOR SILO.





 





\Tould you plcaso advise me as to

which is the best kind of corn for me to

plant to fill my silo on my farm in Lake

county~ Michigan? I have been told to

plant Evergreen swcct‘ corn.



Lake Co. E. II. S.



The opinion of a great many men who

have had experience in raising corn for

silage is, that sweet corn does not make

the. best kind of silage. There is so much

sugar in sweet corn that it has a ten-

dency to make an ensilage that contains

too much acid, which, in a measure, is

objectionable. Good dent corn makes the

highest quality of ensilage and you can

get more tons of digestible dry matter to

the acre with good dent corn than you

can with any other variety. \Vhat is

wanted is the largest variety of dent corn

that will properly mature for ensilage in

your neighborhood. It isn’t necessary that





w... a... v-—w—’~- mun-o





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





it get dead ripe, but it ought to be ma-

ture. The corn should be glazed and the

earliest ears dented. I wouldn’t advise

planting a real early variety. I think it

would be better probably to get etnsilage

corn from say 100 or 150 miles south.

Then plant it considerably thicker than

you would for field corn. I would use 10

or 12 quarts to the acre if the land is

good and rich. Drill it in so that the

kernels are three or four inches apart in

the row and you will get more tons of

cow feed per acre than you can in any

other way.



If you go too far south for your en-

silage corn and will get a late maturing

variety it probably will not mature suffi—

ciently to make good first—class silage. If

you get seed that is grown 100 or 200

miles south and it is a good favorable

season you can select the earliest ears

for seed the next year, but I would not

carry this selection too far as it will

result in a diminished yield. Every two

or three years, at least, I would select

seed from farther south. It will grow

larger and furnish more feed per acre.





 





A PLAN FOR A SMALL DAIRY

HOUSE.





 





Developments in dairying have caused

a large demand for a dairy house which

will fulfill sanitary requirements and at

the same time be practical and inexpen-





sive. It is a well known fact that milk,





which is poured or strained in the barn.

or allowed to stand there, is apt to be





contaminated by germs and to absorb,





stable odors.





The best practice is to rc-i





i





move the milk to the dairy houses as'





soon as each cow is milked. Milk should

also be cooled immediately; so the dairy

house should be provided with proper

facilities for this purpose and be located

conveniently by.



Realizing the necessity of aiding dairy—

mcn in constructing a cheap but effective

dairy house, the Bureau of Animal In-

dustry of the Department of Agriculture

has made a study of the question and has

rectImmcndations to make.



The principal purpose in building a

dairy house is to provide a place where

dairy products may be handled apar:

from everything else. To carry out this

idea it is necessary to divide the interior

of the building so that utensils will not

have to be washed in the same, room

where the milk is handled.



It is impossible to furnish a. plan which

will suit all conditions, but the plan sug—

gested below is thought ample to meet

thc ncetls of the avcragc- dairy that ships

either milk or cream in cans. For larger

dairics the same arrangements may be

uscd on a larger scale, each room being

made of greater size.



The building suggested is 20 feet long.

20 feet wide, eight feet six inches high in

front, and six feet six inches high in the

rcar, and is covered with a shed roof.

The exterior of the building may be cov—

crcd with shcathing and building paper,

or weather boarding and shingles; ex-

pense, durability, and appearance being

thc. tlc-ciding factor. The interior, how—

cvcr. should be carefully finished, so that

lllt' walls and cciling may be smooth and

t‘rcc, from corners or projections which

might accumulate (lust and dirt.



'l‘hc couipment consists of a one and

a half to two horse—power vertical boil-

cr, which supplies steam to the sink and

sit-am jot in the drain board; a galvan-

ized iron wash sink, a can rack, a liab-

tilt'k tester, a concrete cooling tank, a

milk cooler, and milk scales. A hand

scparalor may also be located in the milk

room if desired.



Betwecn the milk room and the wash

room a little closet is provided in the wall

to hold bottles in which composite milk

samples from each cow may be kept.

The closet can be opened from either

room, so that the samples can be placed

in the bottles from the milk room, and

when tho samples are, to be tested the.

doors on the wash room side can be

opened and the, samples measured into

llll' test bottlcs, thus saving the labor of

carrying the bottles from room to room.

This is but a sample of the general plan

of the dairy house which is built accord-

ing to a design that will economize labor

and the avoidance of unnecessary steps.



It is recommended by officials of the

Department that the dairy house should

be located so that the milkers do not have

a long walk from tho barn, yet it must

be located at a distance from the con-

taminated surroundings. It should be

built somewhat away from the barn on a

well-drained spot, and the drainage of

the dairy house itself should be carried

away from the building. If possible the

ground should slope from the dairy house

toward the barn, rather than from the

barn toward the dairy hOUSB-





 





 





Cream Separator is the money-saving,





APRIL 20, 1912.





» This is a reminder to you to send right now to the

Beatrice Creamery (30., at Des Moines, 1a., Lincoln,

Neb., Chicago, 111., or Dubuque, 1a., for the illus-

trated booklet, etc., showing why the BEATRICE





efficient skimming machine.





durable,





 





 





 





 





”Hill I

' I





I

III IIII lll





lllll'





 





 





 





 





ill lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





     





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





our nearest oflice.





tilllllllllillllltltllll





The BEATRICE is sold by dealers, but we’ll

gladly send you complete information about it from





We give a BEATRICE Centri-





fugal Disc Washing Device and a pressed steel pail

with each separator. Prices are $25 to $40 lower than

other machines of equal capacity.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

 





 

 

 





ities.





locking





 





not adhere so tightly to it as

to other metals. N on-rusting

nickel silver makes the Inter-





able and easier cleaned than

any other skimming device.





It’s to your own_advantage to investigate.

local agent to give you a free demonstration





Non-Busting





Interlocking





Milk and casein do





Skimmer more dur-





 





Bellows Falls, Vt.

Distributing warehouses

everywhere





The Sklmmlng Sectlons of the





u. s. CREAM SEPARA roles

are now mad. of Nlckol Sllver and cannot rust.





Nickel silver is made

especially for us by a. cele-

brated metallurgist and is

perfect in its sanitary qual-





The Interlocking style





U_. S. Cream Separator runs

vnth





Half the Power





and does twice the work of

older models and should not.

be confused with them. Its

gears are enclosed, dust—

pro_of and automatically

lubricated by an oil spray.





See for yourself.

. on your farm, or write us.

Prices for Farm Sizes $25 and up, according to guaranteed capacity.





VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO.





 

 





Ask our





 





There Are More F acts .That' Concern





You—In the‘Great Western Separator

Than In Any Other Catalog





Book





 





You must get the Great Western Free Book before you choose any Cream

_ It tells Just what you want to know about the best methods of

separatlon, how to get the most cream and butter, the highest quality prod-





Separator.





ucts—the biggest profits.





It tells and proves in plain words and by real photo-





illustrations—why the Great Western Cream Separator skims closest for the

longest number of years—why it will be easy running and as easy to clean





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





. That is what the Great Western



Separator is. It means $12 to $15

more profit every year, from every

cow, for any man who does not

now own a separator. It





cow every year

other make of separator.

follows natural laws,

cleaned in a jiffy, so no





taint or odor can possibly remain

to spoil next skimming, made as





means 355 to $10

. more profit per Send Your

rfor any man who owns any Name NOW

See the only separator that On a Postal





er and dairyman.

postal card for it today.

We will be glut to arrange'nny kind oanaI on want on any size Great:

Western. If a personal trIul in your own Iome doesn‘t. prove to on

all we claim, you don’t pay a. cent. We know it: will and you wil be

glad of the day you wrote us. Do it; now while you think of it.





ROCK ISLAND PLOW CO., 286C5econd Ave.‘Rock Island, Ill.





after 10 or 20 years’ use as it was on the day you bought: it.





' The Greatest Dollar-for-Dollar Value





accurate as a fine watch, skims

cold milk to a trace. The only

separator that will get you all

the profits possible from your





cows and save you the

hard, tedious work nec-

essary to turn and clean

other separators.





Ourbook is more than

a catalog. It: contains

information of great im~

portance to every farm-

Write us a





 





 





 





 





 





spoilt ensilage.





nance-proof.

or repalr attention.





Blocks. Simple to construct.





Avoid continual expense for silo repairs and

Have a silo that’s PROOF-





THE IMPERISHABLE SILO





(GUARANTEED)





is an economic necessity; storm-proof, decay-proof, mainte-

First cost is last cost. Needs no hooping, painting





The Imperishable is made from Patented Vitrified Hollow Clay

The first cost is the last.

not; absorb moisture and therefore effects a saving of silage.

use is an economy all round. Write at once for free catalog.

NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY

Agricultural Dep nrtmen'lA,

Huntington, Indiana.





\.





Will

Its





 





 





 





 





f .

l.

,’

I
APRIL ' 20,. 1312'

T 'S easy‘toknow be»

forehand that the

Paris. Green you buy

will do what you buy

it for. Order of your

dealer DevOe 8: Ray-

nolds Paris Green;

pure,unadulterated, no

waste, effective, insures

results.





Devoe Arsenate of Lead

.and Devoe Lime and Sul-

phur Solution are'perfect

sprays; you can depend on

them.





Write us for the name of

the nearest Devoe dealer.





‘Devoe 8c Raynolds Co

Chicago

New York Kansas City Denver





Largest makers of good pain.





[SAFE &iSURE





 





INVESTMENTS





Are the only kind we ofler. We

sell no speculative securities of

anyd kind—nothing but high-

gra 6





Mean ends





The same kind which the (LS. Gov‘m't

finds good enough as security for





Posts] Bank Deposits

Eggnog“ 6:82:13 2% the Postal

Bonds yield from 4% t0 5



W) Wn‘lefor Free Circular

NewFiu! NM Bank. M. 4 Numb“. O.





I WILL MAKE YOU

PROSPEROUS





”you are honest and ambitious write one



a]. No matter where you live or who!

your occupation. I will teach you the Real

Estate business by mail; appoint you Special

Representative of my Company in your town:

‘- start you in a profitable business of your own.

and help you make big money at once.

Unusual opportunit“ for men without

eeplhl to become dependent Oar Illa.

Valuable Book and lull particulars Fall.

lIlrIte today.





llATlOIAl. Gil-OPEBA‘I'IVE REALTY till.

M162 Maroon Building

Washington. I). 0.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





\\

I. Luann





Meat





 





WEEDLESS ALFALFA





is what we are trying to sell our customers.

FREE sample Will show you that we come pretty

near dotng this. All other field seeds: also Field

and Cow Peas. So Beans, Veteh Rafia, etc.



o. M. soon to ON, 160 Main St, arysville, Ohio.





This 16 pin, lilckel, Open Faced Boys

Watch. Postpaid for Only 95 cents.





And with the flret 100 orders we will

Include tree a good Watch Fob.





 





 





TH! ‘ul'cmoAn

FARMER.

person. men.





Remember, this watch is a. good ser-

viceable and dependable time keeper. It

is guaranteed for one year but, will last

much longer with good care. The fob is

made of best leather, with an oxidized

silver medallion in the shape of an ear of

corn. Boys, you can get the watch free“

by getting three subscribers to The Mich-

igan Farmer, (1, 2, 3 or 5 years).



The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





VYVV'VYVVYVYYVYYVYVYVY





‘HORTICULTURE'





ALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





GROWING CELERY WITH FER-

TILIZERS.





AAA“





 





 





 





 





Can I raise good celery on fertilizer

year after year and keep the ground in

good condition? And what kind of fer-

tilizer would you advise me to use? Or

would you advise me to buy Chicago ma-

nure which will cost about $1 per ton and

have to be drawn 2%,, miles? I would like

to know what would be the cheapest and

keep the ground in good shape.



Ottawa. Co. H. R.





1. If your land is peat you can raise

good celery by using only commercial fer-

tilizers, since peat contains an abundance

of vegetable matter. 2. Celery fertilizers

analyze from one to two per cent nitrogen,

eight to 10 per cent potash and six to

eight per cent phosphoric acid, or from

20 to 40 pounds of nitrogen, 160 to 200

pounds of potash and 120 to 160 pounds

of phosphoric acid per ton. Two hundred

and fifty pounds of nitrate soda contains

40 pounds of nitrogen. Four hundred

pounds of high-grade sulphate of potash

contains 200 lbs. of potash. One thousand

pounds of acid phosphate contains 150

pounds of phosphoric acid. 3. Many large

growers of celery use well rotted manure,

sulphate of potash and acid phosphate, so

I should think that it would pay you to

buy some manure to use with your com-

mercial fertilizer. 4. Chicago manure

varies so that I could not give a satis-

factory answer to your fourth question.

If you will consult the tables given on

page 220 of the Michigan Farmer, Feb.

24, 1912, you olfn figure out what a tonof

any particular manure is worth. Celery

grown year after year on the same ground

is more liable to become affected with

fungous diSeases than if it is rotated with

some other crop.





“'ayne Co. W. POSTIFF.





A COMPARISON OF THE COMMON‘

FUNGICIDES.



Fungicides for spraying purposes have

only been known Since about 1885 when

Prof. Millardet, of France, found that a.

solution of copper sulphate to which lime

was added was efficient in controlling the

downy mildew which was destroying the

vineyards of France at that time. Since

that time that mixture of copper sulphate

and lime has been known as Bordeaux

mixture and has been the fruit grower’s

only efficient and practical fungicide until

u very few years ago. 4



Within recent years, due to the fact

that Bordeaux injury or russevting of the

fruit by Bordeaux mixture on apples and

pears developed and also due to Bordeaux

mixture injuring peach foliage regardless

of how diluted it was used, there has

been some dissatisfaction with Bordeaux

and two new fungicides have evolved.

Both of these are combinations of lime

and sulphur, the one, boiled lime-sulphur,

being a. chemical combination of lime and

sulphur and the other, self-boiled lime-

sulphur being a. mechanical combination

of the two. The boiled lime-sulphur used

as a. fungicide is a dilution of the stan-

dard scale controller. Self-boiled lime-

sulphur is the result of experimentation

by Prof. Scott, of the United States De-

partment of Agriculture.



At the present time there is much dis-

cussion of the value of these three fungi-

cides. Therefore, a short comparison of

them might be of value.



Lime-sulphur (boiled) is as efficient as

Bordeaux mixture in the control of the

fungous diseases of the apple, pear, plum

and cherry, and has the advantage over

Bordeaux mixture in that it does not

cause the russet injury on the fruit, es-

pecially of the apple and pear. It also

has the advantage’over both of the other

fungicides in economy, lack of wear on

pump, of clogging of nozzles and in the

general ease of application. If prepared

at home it can be made at leisure time

and Stored for future use. This is an im-

portant feature as very often time is val-

uable during spraying operations. Fruit

colors up better when it is used becauSe

it does not cover the fruit with a thin

coating of lime as do self—boiled lime—

sulphur and Bordeaux mixture. The dis-

advantages of lime-sulphur are that it is

detrimental to the growth of the grape

vine and cannot, as yet, be used safely

on the peach. Its fungicidal value is in-

creased when arsenate of lead is used

with it.



Bordeaux mixture, first used on grapes,

is still the most efficient remedy for grape

fungous troubles. It mixes readily with

all poisons which boiled lime-sulphur does

not. It is as good as any fungicide on

plums and cherries but on apples and





i





~« I , .., . .

7' 43915. r’“ w a





‘ " THE MIC‘mGAN ‘ FARMER.





pears, while a very good fungicide, its

russeting of the fruit offsets its fungicidal

value. The extent of the russeting of the

fruit is determined by varieties and the

condition of the season mainly. Improper

combinations of copper sulphate and lime

will also cause russet injury. It is more





expensive than boiled lime-sulphur and

has to be made as used.

Self-boiled lime-sulphur is the best





fungicide for the fungi of the- peach. It

is though, the hardest and most disagree-

able to make. It is the most expensive

of the three and is most liable to clog

nozzles and pumps. On account of these

bad features it can not be recommended

except for where it cannot be replaced by

the other fungicides which is on the

peach.



Briefly, for apples and pcnrs use lime-

sulphur, (boiled); for cherries and plums

use lime—sulphur (boiled), or Bordeaux

mixture; for grapes use Bordeaux mix-

ture, and for peaches use self—boiled lime-

sulphur. Many use Bordeaux mixture on

pears successfully as it is not. as essen—

tial to keep the fruit free from russet as

it is with apples.





S0. Haven Ex. Sta. F. A. XVILKEN.





CABBAGE AS A GARDEN CROP.



On the average farm the kitchen gar-

den receives scant appreciation and even

less attention. Farmers are more or less

busy during the summer months and con-

sider it a waste of time to get down on

their hands and knees to weed garden

“sass" when the regular farm operations

are demanding their time and attention

14 hours out of every 24. Nearly all,

however, grow enough potatoes for their

own use simply because they are a crop

that can be cared for with horse tools.

For the same reason every farmer should

raise what cabbage he needs for his own

use.





 





About three varieties should be grown.





to provide a good succession. Copen—

hagen Market and Jersey Vi'akefield are

good early sorts. One ounce of seed will

furnish enough plants to set a quarter





493’





(29)





 





 





Spraying

for Profit





Spraying, to be profitable, must

be done at the proper time, with

the proper solution and with a

practical machine.



LeROY SPRAYERS have been

used for years spraying for profit.

Their users claim they have paid

for themselves many times.



A LeROY SPRAYER is a safe

investment, they are long lived .

machines. If interested in

spraying machinery of any kind,

write us for particulars.





John Deere Plow Co.

Indianapolis, Ind.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Nature’s Last Call to





 





You Has Come





l'nless you supply the needed Phos-

‘ plioric Acid for this year’s crops





acre so that a packet of an early variety,





will be enough of that kind for most fum-

ilies. The seed may be sown in a box Ill

the house or in the garden as early as

possible. The Successon is a good mid-

scason variety and one-half Ounce oi

seed planted in 250—ft. drills about May

1 will furnish an abundance of plants at

about the right time for transplanting.

As much more seed of the Danish Ball-

head, sometimes called ll'olland or Hol-

lander, should be planted at the same

time as the Succession to furnish plants

for winter cabbage. The Holland is a

good keeper and can be had in good con—

dition till May 1, or later.



Transplant the plants into the perma—

nent rows when they get about eight

inches high. Cabbages will stand quite .1

lot of hard usage in transplanting but

they are not improved by it. If thc





 





weather is hot and dry set out the plantsi





in the afternoon any time after four2





o’clock.

Mark out the roWs three feet apart and





set the plants from 18 to 22 inches apart





in the row. Get the roots well down in





the ground and see that the soil is pacl:-.





ed around them.



The cabbage

land that will

cabbage. Thcy

ment and the richer the soil the larger

will the bends be. Cabbage is a good

crop to clean up weed infested land. They

are a splendid crop on such land as the

ground can 1w kopt harrowed till quite

late, destroying numberless weed seed-

lings. Then, when transplanted the plants

make a rapid growth and smother out all

weeds that cannot be reached with it

horse cultivator. This reduces the neces—

sary handwork to one or two times over

the patch with a hoe to cut out what few

weeds have gotten ahead of the cabbage.



The cabbage worm and cabbage louse

may bother some. For the first, mix one

purt of Paris green and four parts of

either sifted uir—slaked limo, road dust,

or flour, place in a cheesecloth sack and

shake on the cabbage while the dew is

on. Usually one application is all that

is necessary. The lice will only affect :i

few plants and these we always bury

right where they stand.



The Succession and Hollander both

make good sauerkraut but the latter is

the best keeper for winter use so it is a

good plan to use the Succession for sauer-

kraut and fall consumption. Summer cab.

bage will not make,- satisfactory kravut.



Wayne C0~ W. POSTIFF.





grow potatoes will raise





 





Pyrox fills the barrels with the apples

that used to go on top. Write Bowker

Insecticide 00., Boston, for book.





respond to good trout-l





is a hearty feeder and





you cannot expect a fair yield.

Send us your order at once for

the finest ground phosphate on the

market.

95% through 100 mesh.

80% through 200 mesh.

FEDERAL CHEMICAL 00..

Ground Rock Dep’t., Columbia, Tenn.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





SPRAY gRUITS AND

and do whitewuhmg in £5fi9mg§9m53§,

rapid way. Satisfaction guaranteed. BROWN‘S





"AND 0"



POWER Auto-Sprays .



No. l, shown here, is fitted with Auto-Pop Noule— i i i



does work of 3 ordinary spnyere. Endorsed by Ex-



periment Stations and 300.000 otherl. 40 styles and



aims of hand and power sprayers—alao



and valuable spraying guide in our Free Eek.



Write postal now.



THE E. c. BROWN COMPAN



32 Jay 8L, Rochester, N. .





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Don’t Plant An

Apple Orchard

this season without first getting

prices on my clean, hmltliy Ohio

grown l and '3 your old trees. Have

specialized in growing fine nursery

stock for 30 years. Catalog free.





w. E. Hefiner, Drawer D, Troy, Ohio,





CALL’S NURSERIES,





PERRY. OHIO.

Have a large stock of the finest Fruit,

Shade and Ornamental Trees, Spray

Pumps, Spraying Solutions and Gaso-

line Engines. l)eal Direct. Prices low.





Semi for price list.

—Treee. True to Name. Ten times





CATALP your money back for all trees





that prove not true speciosa. Also Catalpa seed. I have

Cypress Trees, the mostLboautiful tree in the world,

H. C. ROGERS. Box 4. Mechanlosburg, Ohio.





BAT‘LPA 38:0. (guaranteed true.) Choice 1 yr. trees

per 100, 83.50 or 500, 37 1.000. Cat. Forest.

Fruit, Shade trees, etc. rosius Nurseries, 'l'iffin,





 





 





 





 





 





BED CORN—Reid’s Yellow Dent, Imp. Early Learn-

in and White 0 p. Tested Seed. Also Seed Oats.

Cats ugue free. ’1‘ co. Burt & Sons, Melrose, Ohio.





Regenerated Swedish Select Oats—$332.03





redefined seed at 90 cents: sacks 10 cents extra under

5 bus . T. V. HICKS. R. No. 11, Battle Creek, Mich.

2 year No. 1 Concord Grape Vines 315 per 1000; Btraw‘



err-E Plants 33 per 1000; Peach Trees 3 cents and





 





up: Plum Cherrya dPear. Catalogfree.





A l.

.‘li'.°ALLEN a so :5. Geneva. 0 lo.





DOUBLE THE YIELD of your potatoes by planting

northern rown seed, brad up by hill selection.

Prices reasons is. Circular free. B. lotion. Halo. lleh





HOICE recleaned pure breddeerbrucker Seed Bar-

ley $1.50 bu. f. o. b.. bags free. Earl Butchins, dealer



in Seeds. Fertilizers 'Implements, Ga line En ines,

Cream Separators. Motor Cycles, etc... layton. ich.

Early yellow and white dent





500d Corn: 31.50 Bu. shelled (561m.)l3a .





 





 





20 cents. PLEASANT VIEW FARM. Camden. Mic .





U
...~.. '





494 (30)





SYSTEMS OF PLANTING FOR STRAW-

BERRIES.





The productiveness of a strawberry bed

and the size and quality of the berries

varies greatly with the system of plant-

ing and caring for the bed. \Vhé’n large

first-class berries are desired, it is fre-

quently advisable to grow them on some

other system than that of the common

matted row, where the plants are allowed

to produce innumerable runners and mat

closely together. Although this system is

the easiest of all to care for, which makes

it the most popular, the plants are not

equally spaced and do not allow of cui-

tivation between them where it is most

needed. The result is that very little

first-class fruit is produced in the center

of the row but most of it will be found

along the edges where the plants have

received better cultivation and care. To

produce. the best berries, therefore, some

system where each and every plant is

equally spaced, can be carefully cultivat-

ed and is not allowed to weaken itself

by producing an excessive_number of

tunners, should be practiced. Of all the

various systems possessing these ad-

vantages, the hcdge-row system or some





THE MICHIGAN FARMBR.





color. The Brandywlne, on the other

hand, was not of as good color, the ber-

ries not as large and the plants not as

productiVe as the former. The patch

measured 60 feet by 240 feet and yielded

661,4 crates. The berries were sold in a

local market for a total of $70.45. Con—

sidering the unsatisfactory results from

two of these varieties and the distance

the plants were set in the field, this is a

very fair return and serves to show the

possibilities in growing strawberries on

the single and double hedge row systems.

Mich. Agri. Col. C. P. HALLIGAN.





 





TILE DRAINING LAND FOR

PEACHES.





 





Much has been said and more has been

written against planting peaches where

artficially drainage is necessary. And, for

that matter, not only peaches but prac-

tically all tree fruits. Now while my ex-

perience may not be at all conclusive it

may lead to further experimentaton which

will be beneficial to horticulture in gen—

cral.



Some twelve or fourteen years ago our

vegetable garden was concluded to be too

large, so in order to use up some of the





 





 





 





nlot'titication of it is the most practical

for cithcr the home or commercial straw-

berry patch.



The, strawberry patch seen in the pic—

ture was planted in the spring of 1910 and

the photograph taken just bcforc blos—

soming in the spring of lttll. The patch

had been planted to cucumbers the pre-

vious year and kept very clean of weeds.

The following winter. the land was heav—

ily manured and this was plowed under

very early in the following spring before

setting the bed. The. plants were set 0n

the typical siuglc-hcdgt-row system, the

rows being three fcct apart and the plants

set 30 inches apart in the row. Every

plant was allowed to produce two run-

ncrs, one running in each direction of

the row, while all subsequent runners

wcre cut off. Thus the. plants were train-

cd to grow in the form of a. single row or

hedge, which permitted every plant to be

equally well tilled by the cultivator and

produce good, strong fruiting crowns for

hearing the following spring. .\ modifica—

tion of this systcnl would have given a

heavier yield and is therefore. more prohi-

able for thc ititcnsch coltlltlcl‘t'itll grower,

The. plants might have been st-t 18 inches

apart in the row instead of 30 inches and

with two runners produced from every

plant, it would allow a space of six

inches in the row for each. Then, in—

stead of setting the rows three feet apart

the plants are often set in double rows

ten inches apart with a two and a half

or three—foot space between each double

row. These modifications would have un-

doubtedly more than doubled the yield

although probably have causcd a little

more labor in caring for the patch.



As the strawberry is such a shallow and

fibrous rooted plant, frequent but very

shallow cultivation is necessary. This

patch was kept very clean of weeds dur-

ing the growing Season and niulchcd with

clean straw in the early winter after the

ground had frozen. '\\'l1en the soil had

thawed out in the spring. and growth had

commenced, the straw was carefully rc—

mOVcd from the tops of the plants and

placed around the roots. as seen in the

picture. The straw then served as a

mulch for the plants, thus taking the

place of cultivation, and during the ripen—

ing season, kept the berries clean and

free from sand and grit.



The varieties planted were the, Texas,

Pride of Michigan and Bra‘ndywine. The

Texas was a very unsatisfactory variety,

the berries being small with many nub—

bins and the plants very unproductive.

The Pride of Michigan proved the best,

being very productive, of good size and





space, about one—third of it was set to





peaches, 36 trees in all. No especial

thought was given as to whether peaches

would do well or not, but they were just

set to take up the space. This space was.

crossed lengthwise by the cellar drain,

which was about four feet deep. This

ground was quite heavy clay and would

have been wet if it had not have been

for this drain. Well, to make a long

story short, these trees bore eight good

crops and then succumbed to the yel-

Io\\ s. Since that time I have planted two

thousand peach trees on similar land un-

dt-rlztid with tile. Last year the oldest of

tln-so trccs, 500 at three years old, yielded

.100 bushels of line fruit. It has been my

lH‘ucllcc heretofore to prune the peach

trccs well in early spring, that is, open

them up Well for the sunlight. This

spring I. have done no pruning at all, be—

cause I believe the trees will prove to be

killed back quite badly and where this

winter killing is evident the pruning can

be done much more advantageously to

the tree.



I am not sure, but I believe the. peach

trees will be found to be much more ser—

iously winter killed on this tile drained

land than on sandy land naturally drain-

ed. lf they are too badly killed I shall

rctnch them and replant the ground

next year as all the peaches I have are

used as iillcr for apple orchard. And the

chances for our having another such win-

tcr again soon are not great enough to

warrant people discontinuing the growing

of peaches.



1f others have had successful experience

in growing peaches on tile drained land

in Michigan, I should like to hear from

them through The Farmer.



Berrien Co. B. G. THOMAS.

LOW TEMPERATURES AND PEACH



BUDS.





\Vork done by the federal weather bu:

reau in Ohio will serve to impress upon

those, about to set orchards, especially

peach, the importance of choosing a loca—

tion adapted to the purpose. YVe run the

following report of observations taken:



Dormant buds of some varieties of

peaches are killed when the temperature

of the air falls to about 12 degs. below

zero, while other varieties will stand a

temperature of 15 to 18 degS. below zero.



During January, 1912, the temperature

was 37 degs. below zero at Milligan, Per—

ry county, and was over 30 degs. below

zero in low valleys in parts of Portage,

Columbiana, Guernsey, Hocking, Athens,

and Ross counties, of Ohio.





 





 





APRIL 20, 1912.





1011 CAN 11111111

1101111 1111111





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





valuable improvement you

could make to your farm

but you have not felt like

tiling before because it meant too

heavyaninvestment—twomuchlabor

—-too slow a job. Now—the horse

power Cyclone T: [e Dita/1mg flint/Zine

cuts the average cost of a finished tile

ditch down to 3 or 4 cents per rod—ditch

cut— tile laid and covered.





We guarantee this successful horse

power machine cuts tile ditch, I 0 inches

wide, 24 inches deep, at the rate of 300

rods per day in ordinary soil.





In our valuable free book, showing The

Money Making Way of Draining Land. C. G. Elliott, Drainage Expert of U. S. Dept. of

Agriculture shows how With 8‘00d drainage:-—" Land is ready for seeding earlier. Crops

begin healthy growth at once. Fertilizers are not wasted by surface washing. Crops

are bétter able to withstand drought. Frost does less injury to crops. Crops make

much more vigorous growth. Profits from land are greatly increased. Disease among

farm animals is decreased’ The





Cyclone Tile Ditching Machine





pays for itself over hand labor ‘1: tiling the first 20 to 40 acres, according to spacing

of laterals—the added returns from the land, year after year are clear profit.





When you have finished your own ditching with a Cyclone. you can make money by cut-

ting tile ditches for others. You can earn more money wz'l/z a Cyclone Dz'lclzz'ng Machine

than with a threshing outfit which costs about ten times as much.





Get the facts and see how much a Cyclone will bring you in actual cash in a year.

\ Our book lays the whole matter before you. If the

, Cyclone will doubleyour farm profits you want to know

it. No experience needed

to operate this wonderful

machine but we W111 see

that some one goes to your

1 farm to make sure that the

machine is set up roperly

and that; you get be right

‘ start. You do not pay one cent

. until we demonstrate and

.3 prove to you that the Cyclone

does every single thing we

‘ claim for it. Write a. postal

. now beforeyou forget. Ask for

free booklet showing The Money

Making Way of DrainingLand. It gives actual photographs of the Cyclone

at work an names of satisfied users Also valuable information on

scientific, money-making drainage. Send that postal now.





The leschke Manufacturing 60.. Box 111. Bellevué. Ohlo





YOU know drainage is the most





 

   

   

   

 

   





FREE





   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 

   

   





 





   

 

 





     





 





 

 





You Have a . ‘- ..

Iiold Mine' In Your . m.—





if you take proper car- /f it. Proper car . ' 7

means frequent and t; rough spraying with " ‘. .1. ‘ Q. ‘\ I“





ELEO/ II Arsenale of Lea





K (The Powdered Form)

nd other “Electro” products. Three sprays will mak



your fruit trees highly profitable.



Our Free booklet of 68 pages, “Spraying Simplified,’

tells how and when to make these sprays. Tells how t i

know what is ruining your fruit trees and the '

best way to protect them.



Send for it today and put those old

apple trees of yours on a paying basis.



If your dealer cannot supply “Electra”

products, accept no substitute (because

there is none “just as good”), but write

.. for prices and name of nearest dealer.



.: The Vreeland Chemical (:0.

26 Chutch Street .

., “any 7“ ‘ ,. ~‘1





   

 

   





 





 





   





.‘l





.a

I





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





In the Center





That makes the Acme Corn Planter handy

for either right- or left-handed men. Gives

lt balance, too. It has double springs on the ~

trip lchr. Its drop is accurate and can be changed

in the field without a screwdriver.

' AGME CORN AND POTATO



Don’t furrow out for your potatoes. break your back

dropping tht m, and then still have tht- m to cove r.



Plant them as you walk alonx,r rt- gultirly. at even

depth and have the ground It ch wIn n imishcd with

an Acme Potato Planter. Write for bookh t ‘The Acme

of Potato Profit," and name of nearest dc -alcr. If it is





handler for you, we will ship. prepaid, on receipt

of price.





POTATO IMPLEMENT 00., 311 - ‘

Front St. Traverse Cliy. Mich.





[mm on planter 1111:];

11/225 trade-mark





 





   

   

   

 

   

 

 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

   

 





 





 





 





WANTED-RIDER AGENTSli‘ii





trial to ride and exhibit a sample 1912 Model “Ranger” bicycle furnished by us.

Our agentho other where are makln money fast. Write at once forful particulars and special

.ojfer. LY REQUI ED until you receive and approve of your bicycle. We

ship toNanyloMne,1:nvwhex-e in the U. 8. without a. cent de exit in advance. .rJI egag freight!

and allow EN DA Y'S FREE TRIAL during whicg time you may 11 e t e tcylek and

uh It to any test you wish. If b“you are then not perfoctl y satisfied or do not wish tok

he bicycle you my ship to us at our expense and you will not be out one Gen

. filo“ FAG-tony PnlcEs We furnish the highest grade bicycle Ms possible to

make at one small profit above the actuul factory cost.

You saveOlo to 025 middlemen’ s profits b bu in trect of us and have the manufacturer’s

. guaranteee behind your bicycle. D0 N TUE Yd a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone

at any price until you receive our catalogues and learn our unheard of factory prices

1 and remarkable special ofl'

You WILL BE ASTeOIIISIIEII “h“ ’°“ ‘°°°”° °“’ ”mm“ “mm “d

v. stud our sugurb models at the wonder I low

prices we can mak eyou. We sell the hill grade 1037016 at; lower yé'lfiglees t In an

other factory. We are satisfied with 81 pro (1 :sbove tactoryoo

-' you can sell our bio 0106 under yo our own name plate at double oft Ingloes. Orders filled the

day received. OEOJND HAND llGYCLlI—c limited number taken in trade by our

- tatlstores will be closed out at once at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed tree.

‘11“:Es réo‘bslrin BMKE rear wheels inner tubes. lamps, cyclometera mm rs and

g and evelzghlng in the bicycle line at h mu prices,

1-_ gm write today form our La ta logue beantlfully illustrated and containing a are“

"(gunman Inform on. It; only costs: postalto get everything. Writ. u now.





MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. II- 77 CHICAGO, ILL.





 





 





‘1‘ II“
' \t.’





 





 

 

 





APRIL 20. 1912'." '





The temperature was more than 15

degg,‘ below zero in nearly all sections of

the state except along Lake Erie, in parts

of the Ohio river valley, and on some of

the highest points in the state.



The lowest temperature occurred gen-

erally on the morning of the 13th when

the air was clear and comparatively still.

At such times the air outside the large

cities always‘gets colder than in town,

because in the cities the cooling by radia-

tion is largely prevented, while in the

country the radiation of heat from the

surface of the ground is very rapid and

this surface, and the air in contact with

it, gets very cold.



The valleys are always colder than the

hills; also, on such nights, the air that

has been cooled on the hillsides slides

dowri into the Valleys and is replaced by

horizontally moving currents of warmer

air.



On January 13, the temperature was

10 degs. below at Hiram, Portage county,

but was 30 dogs. below at Garrettsville.

only a few miles away but in a valley,

235 feet lower. At Bangorville, Richland

county, the temperature was 10 degs. be-

low and at Cardington. Morrow county

which is 370 feet lower. it was 21 degs.

below.



On one of the hills near Philo the tem-

peraturc was 7 degs. below, while down

near the river it was 27 dogs. below. At

Somerset, Perry county. the temperature

was 10 degs. below, while at Milllgan in

the same- county it was 37 degs. below.



Other high—level points showed tem-

peratures from 10 to 15 (legs. below zero.

hence it is probable that peach orchards

located at or near the highest points of

land escaped complete loss, while all those

at lower levels were killed.



The temperature- was only 5 dogs. below

at Toledo and Sandusky, and only 8 degs.

below at Cleveland. The record at other

stations outside of the cities, however.

and only short distances from the lake,

indicate that the temperature was clos-u

to the critical point all along the lake

shore.



The temperature at the weather bureau

office in Columbus at an elevation of 173

feet above the street, was 5 degs. below, at

the kiosk, at the state house grounds, it

was 8 dogs. below. and on the Ohio Statc

l'niversity grounds, it was 23 degs. be—

low. In this case the difference in ele-

vation made a difference of 3 degs. and

between the city where the radiation was

checked and the country where it was

rapid a difference of 15 degs. \N'henever

it is cloudy or there is much wind the

temperature is practically the same in

town and out and at different elevations.



Experiments in orchard heating show

that the temperature can be kept_from

10 to 15 degs. higher in the orchard than

prevails outside.



This being the case, systematic or-

chard heating might have saved the bulk

of the pcach crop during the cold spell

last winter at an expense of $2 or $3 per

acre.



Orchard heating is rapidly coming into

faVOr to protect fruit crops from spring

frosts. but the heaters are used in Cali-

fornia to potcct citrus fruits from Winter

damage and the plan seems just as prac—

ticable in this state.





 





 





USE A FIVE PER CENT CARBOLIC

ACID SOLUTION.





 





After cutting off limbs affected with

twig blight or cankcr one should disinfect

the wound with a five per cent carbolic

acid solution to prevent further infesta-

tion at that point. By a typographical

error in our issue of April 6, page 430,

Mr. O. K. White was made to say in his

article on “Pruning the Orchard,” that

a 50 per cent solution of carbolic acid

should be used on wounds in such in-

stances. It should read five per cent and,

not 50 per cent. Those who file the Mich- ,

igan Farmer would do well to turn to the:

article and make the correction with a.3

Pen- ‘





l

A GOOD GRAPE FOR THE NORTH. I!





 





l





Sometime ago we suggested in the;

Michigan Farmer the planting of Ver-;

gennes grapes in our northern counties-l;

Mr. Henry Voorhees. of Grand Traverse'

county, following this advice, has found

the variety to be entirely satisfactory un-

der his conditions. He writes that “the

grapes are a marvel in every respect.”

now that he has had opportunity to test

the fruit. Others who are interested in

grapes and intend planting will perhaps

find it to their advantage to secure from

their nurseryman plants of this variety,

together with other kinds that are known

to succeed in the northern part of the

state.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER." -- (31.: 495





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“Bull” Durham Smoke Curls Up

from Millions of Pipes and Cigarettes





Every year for over 52 years the number

has increased. Every day new smokers dlS-

cover “Bull” Durham.





There is something about it that all smokers hankcr

for, whether for the friendly pipe or rolled into a “Bull”

Durham cigarette. Nothing else seems to satisfy the

man who once tries ‘





GENUINE





“BU LL

DURHAM





SMOKING TOBACCO!





Forty “rollings” in each 5c muslin sack





 





The flavor that has pleased three generations—that

is still pleasing millions of smokers—is the pure, whole-

some, natural ”Bull” Durham flavor, unchanged by man-

ufacturing processes. There is nothing artificial about

“Bull” Durham. It contains no coloring, no dressing,

no adultcrants of any kind. It comes .to you in the plain

muslin sack just as generous Nature made it.



Try this grand old tobacco today. See for yourself .. i

why so many million men prefer it—Why men smoke more ',

of it than of all other high-grade tobaccos combined. Sec 3

why they go on smoking it year after year—and will not

be satisfied with anything else. ,



Sold by practically every tobacco dealer in the U. S.





“'-—.-.





.A book of “papers” free will; eat/2 5c muslin sack.





 





 





 





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A “New Idea” Heater in Every Home.





Every farmer can have one. A furnace makes home more

comfortable and you can afford one. Burns wood or coal.





Our “New Idea” Furnace is the most practical, convenient and economical

of any furnace built. Put a furnace in your home this summer and be ready when

the winter comes. Will heat your entire house as cheaply as you heat three or

four rooms with stove.





Write to—day for full plans and catalogue. Mention this Paper and your Dealer’s

name and address. All our furnaces sold on our positive guarantee.





'I'IIE SOHILI. BROS. OO., MAnurAcTuHEns. OBES‘I’LINE, OHIO.





 





 





 





 

 





BEST STOCK and BEST FRUITS!





Buy Direct and Save Money at our low riceel

Peach trees. fine at. 40 and up. Ap lo and berry.

80 and up. All kinds of fruit on shade trees.

Berry plants. etc. Catalogue Free.





ERNST NURSBRIES. Box 2. Molcow. Ohio





Bee hives. Sections. Foundation. Smokers etc. Sand for 64-page

tubules of bee supplies, BERRY BASKETS and CRATES.

Send for special Berry Basket catalog.





M. H. HUNT In SON, 400 Comm Sh. LANSING, MICH.
I—





[5P.N





WE WILL GIVE YOU OR SOME





 





 





 





 





 





‘ ‘Scotty’ ’





"Scotty" is a dandy three-year-old coal black

Shetland Pony. 43 inches tall and weighs about

360 pounds. You can readily tell from his

picture that he is as handsome a little Shellie

as you ever saw. See iow roudiy he holds

his beautiful head. We ave owned at

different times over 50 ponies but we have

never given away a better pony than "Scotty"

which we are going to give to you or some other

boy or girl. We selected _him at the famous

Heyl Pony Farm, Washington. 111.. where

there are hundreds of the finest kind of Shet-

land Ponies. Hitched up to his nobby pony

wagon he _ ill haul you and all your boy and

girl friends hat can pile in. just about as last

as you want to go. And when you are not

riding ondriving him he will play with you

and you can teach him to come when you

whistle. and lots of cute tricks. You would

be just the happiest child alive if "Scotty"

were yours. an’t you ever notice what

good times children have who own ponies

and how pretty these cute little fellows look

trotting up the road? Everybody runs to the

door and stops to look at a Shetland Pony

going by. Can you think of anything you

would like to own better than "Scotty"?

Read this page through carefully and then





 





OTHER BOY OR GIRL, THIS PONY

WITH COMPLETE OUTFIT, JUST_

AS IT «LOOKS IN THIS PICTURE





YREati





 





 





 





W





 





The Outfit





And best of all we send free with "Scott'y "

the complete Pony Outfit just as you see it

in the picture. The pony wagon with its

basket seat is just the most comfortable riding

and easiest pulling we could buy for our pur-

pose. We have given away so many that we

know exactly what kind most boys and girls

like. The handsome nickel trimmed harness

looks just fine on “Scotty” and the riding

bridle is imported and the saddle which we

also send we had made to order for “Scotty'.

No child no matter how rich his parents may

be owns a nobbier or more desirable pony and

outfit than this one which we shall send free

and all freight and express charges paid.

This is surely the best chance you ever had to

get a Shetland Pony. so if you haven't any

and think you would like to have us give you

this one. send your name and address to us

right now so it will be sure .to get to us quickly.





 





send us your name and address at once.





Send Us Your Name Today





If You Want to Own “Scotty”





As soon as we hear from you we will tell you how to become a contestant for “Scotty.” Don’t let anyone persuade you that you cannot win this pony

because our plan of conducting pony contests is different from others. The fact that we have given ponies to forty-three boys and girls already is proof that we

give them away. We publish The Farmer, The Farmer’s Wife and Poultry Herald. The banker or postmaster in your town knows that We are one of the largest

publishing houses in the United States so we can well afiord to give ponies to boys and girls to advertise our papers. Our contests are very short and you or some

other child will get “Scotty” and have him to drive to school and everywhere. We never heard of one of these forty-three boys and girls until they wrote and

told us they wanted a pony which shows how fair and square our pony contests are and that no matter where the winner lives “Scotty” will be sent without any

cost to you. You must send us your name and address right away. _





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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We Have Given Away 43 Ponies





Here are the Names of the 43 Boys and Girls who Won Them. Read Them! Count Them!





 





1 "QUEENIE," Stan.J. Malicek. Redwood Co., Minn. 14. "BEAUTY," Bertram Eldridge. Stark Co., Ill. 28. "Bass," Wilfred Dearchs, Kossuth Co., Iowa.

2. "Bon," John B. Corn. Jr., Pulaski Co., Ark. 15. “SPO'I‘TY,” Mildred Ettcr. Watonwan Co., Minn. 29. ”JERRY.” Cleta Johnson. Douglas Co., Kansas.

3. "BONNIE." Amyle Kafer, (‘arroll Co., Iowa. 16 “BROWN": .. Twylah Hart Shelby Co Ohio 30. "DANDY." Grace Burrows, Wright Co., Minn.

d. “Nan," Jules and Ruby Kobeiln. Yellowstone Co., 7' ..J ., B. i H b i ‘C 1'" 31. "CAPTAIN." Ida O'Keeie. Mountrail Co., N. D.

Mont. 1 - .. ACKv" ern ce arvey. non 0" own. 32. “PRINCE," Norris Nupson, Fillmore Co., Minn.

6. "SPARKLE," Eloise Savage. Codington Co., 8. D. 13- MAC- Ruth Mead. Saline C°-- MO- 33. “Rome. ' Clarence F. Busick. Adams Co., Ind.

6. "SONNY," Elmer Hoth, Allaiiiakec Co., Iowa. 19. "TEDDY," George Cooper, Stearns Co., Minn. 34. “mm," Edwin Kobenstein, Goodhue Co., Minn.

7. "FRITZiE," Marie and Margie Parker. Knox Co., 20. "Taixxn." Frank Harris. Yellowstone Co., Mont. 35. “GINGER," Charles Foster, Randolph Co., Mo.

1 . . 21. “DAIsY,” Leta Halnline. Adair Co., Iowa. 36. "PATSY," Rena Smith. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.

8. "TONY," Maurice Himle, Chippewa Co., Minn. 22. "FAIRY,"Lawrence Ulrich. Washington ('o..Minn. 37. “BINGO." Jeanette Lansing, Knox Co., Neb.

9. "KING," Vic. J. Breitbaeh, ilubuque Co., Iowa. 23. "EVANGELINE," Gladys Houx. Saline (30., Mo. 38. "Dixm." Walter F. McLaren, Moody Co., S. D. a

10. “BILLIE," Hazel McMurtin. Kiiiusllury Co., 8. I). 24. “LADDIE,” Robbie E. Notton. Chickasaw Co., 39. "JEWEL." Arthur Marodc. Douglas Co., Neb.

— 11. "DUKE," Dorothy Lee L'aglv. Jackson C0,. Mo. owa. . “JIM." Joey Edwards, Barton C0,. Kansas. —

12. "DON," Oliver 14;. Olson, Kent-hicliing Co., Minn. 25. "TOM," Helen Herrmann. Cuming Co., Neb. 41. "MAJOR." Margaret Roth, Rice Co., Minn.

13. "ST. NICK." Marcella Conley. Chickasaw Co., 26. ”DERBY." A. Fitzsimmons. Clayton (30.. Iowa. 42. “Gus,” Frank and Vera Brown, Dakota Co. Neb.

_ Iowa. 27. "Miscnlnr." Orville Himle. Chippewa Co., Minn. «3. "Jon." Harold R. Palmer, Oswego Co., N y‘. —





Notice that we print the names of the children to whom we have given ponies which we wouldn’t do if it wasn’t true that we give away real live Shetland

Ponies. You will see that we have given them to children all over the United States so it don’t make any difference where you live we would just as soon send

“Scotty” the next pony we are going to give avay, to you as to any other boy or girl. The first thing these 43 boys and girls did was to send us their .

names and addresses which you mUSt do if you want us to send you “Scotty” and his complete outfit.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





I





SEND YOUR IIAME TODAY





 





 





 





—OUT OUT AND SIGN THIS COUPON OR COPY ON.

A POSTAL CARD AND MAIL TODAY





THE FARMER’S WIFE, 323 Webb Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.





\‘





 





EACH GOITESTAIIT A PRIZE WINNER





 





All contestants will surely get a rize of their

own choosing from a list which we w ll send them.

Besides the Pony ()utiit and Twenty-five Grand

Prizes we shall offer Gold Watches, Base Ball

Outfits. Gold Bracelets, Fountain Pens. Hand

Bags, Flash Lights, Rifles, Shot Guns and dozens





Please send me Certificate of Entry

take care of Shetland Ponies and feed t

own “SCOTTY.”





l1





and pictures of "SCOTTY" and tell me how to

em. I haven't any Shetland Pony and want to





 





 





Our ponies are given away so quickly that you

will stand a better chance to get this one it you

sit right down and write us a letter or a postal

card or send the coupon opposite filled out with

your name and address (either way will be all

right). The work we require you to do to become

a contestant for “Scotty” is something that any





of other desirable prizes. If you become an Namp R .D

enrolled contestant in this Pony Contest you 1' boy or girl who could drive a pony can do, and any

can't lose.. But don't let anyone persuade you child who becomes a contestant will win a fine

that you can't win “Scotty” because you have P. 0 State ehghegfiii'idg (i’itealflaiis to Win Scotty Which is





the same chance as any other child.

5..





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





f





Be sure to address postcard or envelope THEFARMEmm 333 WEBB BUILDING, ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.