”'0“


,The Only JWéekly Agricultural, HortiCultural and Live


raw/w 3/72”»


VOL. CXXX". No. 18.

Whol Io Number 3449.


DETROIT. Mien. SATURDAY. MAY , 1. 190


75 cams A YEA

$1.50 THREE YEAR


f ' - FARM NOTES.


The Clover Root- Borer.


I have read with interest for a good

many=years the questions and answers

in! the. Michigan Farmer, and I now come

to you for assistance forthe ﬁrst time.

I ”have 10 acres of ﬁne clover which was

c11't"for hay and seed last year. The mag-

got has killed nearly all the old clover,

but there is a ﬁne stand of young clover

from seed shelled while gathering the

seed last year. Now, will it do to leave

this or will the insect destroy the young

plants as 'well as the old. Please answer

thru your valuable paper.


Gratiot Co. L. NORRIS.


The clover root-borer has not been very

prevalent in Michigan in recent years,

or at least its depredations have not been

very noticable on account of the favor-

able seasons for clover which have pre-

vailed until last year. Generally speak-

ing, there has been little trouble expe-

rienced in getting good seedings of clover

upon almost any kind of Michigan land

and the tendency has been toward a short

rotation in which the clover 'was allowed

to stand but one year, for which reason

the depredations of this insect haVe been

reduced to a minimum. But with our

generally dry season of. last‘ year, many

farmersihave failed to get a good seed-

lag of clover on the usual area and, like

this inquirer, aré 111,ch to utilize the

old meadows for andthqr year if possible.

A‘F‘a general proposition we do not believe

this to be a wise practice in Michigan.

After the clover plant has produced a

crop of hay and perhaps a second cutting

of hay or a. crop of seed, it has fulﬁlled

its mission in the crop rotation, Since it

has at the'same time ﬁlled the soil with

roots to a considerable depth, thus open-

ing and mellowing it, utilizing mineral

plant food which it ﬁnds in the lower

strata of soil and leaving it in an avail-

able condition for the use of future crops,

adding vegetable matter to the scil which

will be converted into humus thru the

decay of the network of roots with which

it ﬁlls the ground and storing up avail-

able nitrogen in the root nodules formed

by the nitrogen-ﬁxing bacteria which

appropriate this most costly of plant food

elements from the inexhaustible supply in

the air. Thus the clover crop leaves the

soil in the best possible mechanical and

physical condition for the growth of max—

imum crops of any kind after it has oc—

cupied the land for a single year and it

is the part of wisdom’ for the farmer to

utilize this great soil rcnovator to the


Drawing Hay


to Market in St. Clair Co.,


boat; the Shetland for children..

Slmplifying Housework.—-Many

her energy and contribute a

comfort of her home ...........

ers many dollars .. . ......

Commercial Starter.—‘What it is with

used by up— to- date buttermakers..


A FEW LEADING'ARTICLES OF THE WEEK.


The Sheep Pasture.——Timely comments on handling the ﬂock so

maximum of forage at a minimum of danger from parasites

Horse Raising on the Farm.——Pertinent advice on the breeding

. colts as a proﬁtable branch of live stock farming

The Brown-Tail Moth.—French importations of stocks to Michigan nurseries

have brot this dreaded pest within the borders of our state...........

The Salt of the Earth.—Brief history of the development of the salt indus-

try and illustrated description of method of manufacture in Michigan...”

Children's Page.—Goin’ Barefoot (poem); May-day in History; A toy house-


ways whereby the

larger


Summer Care of Winter Clothes—Timely suggestions that may save read-


as to get a

............495

and care of

.495


n......-..-


.499

101


........ 303

housewife may Conserve

part toward the happiness and


............................ .............306

description of how it is made and


distributed thruout the season the clover

will gcncrally remain green until fall,

but will not produce a normal aftermath,

and as it dies during the winter its loss

is generally attributed to unfavorable

weather conditions rather than to the real

cause, which accounts for the fact that

the average farmer not as well ac-

quainted with the clover root—borer as

conditions would seem to warrant, since

its work is done below ground and will

not be uparcnt to the casual observer who

does not take the trouble to make a close

examination of the plants to determine

its presence. The only means'of prevent-

ing the invasion of it new clover 'ﬁcld

from an old one which gchs any promise

of success is summer fallowing after the

hay crop is romovcd, which will be effect-

ual in killing of the larvae, since


is


most


l =2


utmost, hence the merit of the short

rotation in which clover is allowed to oc—

‘cupy the land but one year and'which

will provide for its recurrence on the

same land every third) ear, thus utilizing

its wonderful quality as a soil renovator

in b 'lding up the fertility of the land to

the {-utmosnv >Of'course, where a new

seeding of clover is secured from the

seed scattered in harvesting the seed crop

the same objection would not obtain as

in the case of a mixed seeding of clover

and timothy which is allowed to occupy

the land f01 two or more years, since if

the new seeding of clover should come

on and make a crop the beneﬁt of the

clover crop. would be intensiﬁed rather

than diminished, but in the case. of the

clover and timothy meadow the timothy

utilizes the readily available nitrOgen

stored up by the clover bacteria and,

after one or two cuttings, leaves the soil

in no better condition than it found it,

and yet the farmer who uses this kind of

a rotation wonders why tire sod he plows

docs not benefit the land to a

which is noticable in the increased yield

of succeeding crops. ‘


But the reader may wonder what this

matter of crop rotation and the place

which clover should OCcupy in it has to

do with the clovcr root-borer. A brief

reference to the life history of this insect

will make the connection clear”

adult insect is a small, dark colored beetle

about one-eighth of an inch long. Tint

one gonerzﬁion of young is produccd dur-

ing the year,

irregular and


but the l)l‘1‘c(ling St‘llFOll is

long drawn out, so that


that Shown


in the ill


dcgrce .


The ,


the inset-is can often be found in all

Stages of dcvclopment at the same season

of the your As a rule, however, the

insect passc- t'ho w1'nt11 in the adult stage

within the clover roots where it is de—

veloped. During the month of May these

mature insects abandon the old roots and

seek out fresh plants or ﬁelds in which

to lay the eggs for the next generation

of beetles. These are deposited in a

shallow cavity in the crowu or root or

the plant gouged out by the female for

the purpose, where she lays about a half

dozen minute eggs, singly but not far

Separated. These eggs are gcncrally dc-

po'slted between Itiay 15 and June 20.

They hatch in about a week and the

larvae soon burrow downward in the

root, and by August lst most of them

become fully developed and pass into the

pupal stage By October nearly all have


become fully developed bcctlcs but conf


iinuc to occupy the plant until the fol-

lowing spring as above notcd.

”wing to the method of attacking the


clover plant, it is obvious that the clover

root must 'havc attained considerable

sizo before {he female bcctle can utilize

it as a place to dcposit hcr eggs. For

this reason the young clover which is

sown in the late winter or curly spring

is practically immune from attacks

of thc root—borer until the following

your, and gcncrully has vitality cnough to

produce a fairly good crop of hay cvcn

wln-rc the borcr is prcscnt, as the dam-

ngc to the plant is not scrious until the


crop approaches maturity. In :1 favorable

scuson when t'hcrc is plcnty of r1511 well


ustration Being


'\\’(|l‘k


the roots will cithcr dry up or decay, and

tho grubs will bc thus dcprivcd of neces-


sary food. I’lowing at any other time of

your will not bc 11s cffcciual, but it is


obvious that whcrc the clovcr sod is fall

plowcd a great many of the beetles will

be destroyed by the clcmcnts, and even

when plowed in the spring the migration

of tlie‘bcctles to othcr ﬁelds will not be

as complete as tho the natural channel

of exit from their winter home were open

to them. Thus where the three yeai

rotation in which the clovor is allowed to

occupy the land for but one year is fol-

lowed the damage from clover root-borers

will be reduced to the minimum, and as

the clover crop will give a, maximum

yield for but a single year in most cases,

it is thus utilized most proﬁtably.


In the case with regard to which this

inquirer sccks advice, it is probable that

the root-borers would not destroy the

young,r plants before haying time if the

ﬁeld is left, but their destruction during

the season would be practically certain

as the plants have probably attained sufﬁ-

ciont size, to afford a hidgcmcnt for the

tags of the female, hectic, and with the

bw-tlos right at hand rcady to begin their

in a wholcsalc way it is probable


that a maximum of damage will result,

and it is very doubtful if ciihcr a. second

crop of hay or :1 crop of sccd would bc

sccurcd. ”,l‘hcn, too, it is’ doubtful if tho

late sccdcd plants will got a sulﬁcicnily

vigorous start to produce 11. maximum

crop, hcnco. all things considorod, if it


\vcrc his case the wriicr would pursue his

regular crop roiniion 11nd plow up this

llcld, unlcss it sccmcd zibsolutcly ncccs-


Part of the Product Grown by Henry Ledebuhr.
494


sary to save it’on account of a shortage

of hay. ' x - .~ ' ,

How Cultlvate the Corn Crop? .


One of my neighbors says that the

right way to raise corn is to cultivate it

every week for ten weeks. Then the

last two times go thru it both ways, after

the silks are turned black, close enough

to break off the roots, which will. stop

the corn growing and it will ripen up in

ﬁne shape. If any of the readers of The

Farmer have tried this I Would like to

hear about it. I shall try it as an experi-

ment and report results to The Farmer.


Midland 'Co. ‘ L. SAGE.


Methods of cultivating corn have

changed considerably in recent years and

with the advent of the modern tools

which are now available for the purpose.

The writer has found it proﬁtable to

continue the cultivation of the corn crop,

especially in a year when the rainfall is

not well distribuated thruout the season,


'well along toward the maturity of the

crop, but has found that level, shallow

cultivation gives best results under all

conditions. We have tried the “root

pruning” theory late in the season but.

it has not worked satisfactorily, and we

believe that the success of the scheme

as noted by this inquircr is due to the

constant preservation of a dust mulch

thruout the growing season of the crop,

rather than to close or deep cultivation

the last time thru. In fact, from his

ekperience the writer believes the larger

yield claimed to have-been secured by

this plan to be in spite of, rather than

due to this process of root. pruning. The

corn that has been cultivated constantly

for ten weeks will bear such cultivation

better than would the corn that has been

“laid by” after half that many cultiva-

tions, but it is not a reasonable theory

that as good a crop would be matured if

a portion of the feeders were cut off at

the time when it is ﬁlling out the ears.

The improvement of a corn crop during

the last ten days or two weeks of the

growing season is very apparent, as those

are aware who have noted the yield and

quality of the early cut crop in com—

parison to the corn that has been allowed

to reach a more advanced stage of ma-

turity before cutting. The same prin-

ciple will hold good in root pruning, and

while there is probably no doubt that

the crop will mature more rapidly from

such pruning, yet we believe that it will

be at the expense of both yield and

. quality. If dccp cultivation is to be given

at all it should be early in the season,

and the only object in cultivating dccply

at that time is to kill the grass and

weeds that may have gotten a start be—

fore it was possible to get into the ﬁeld

with a cultivator. In the average season

there is no doubt that the continuous

shallow cultivation of the crop will pay

big wages for the tinic involved, but

this cultivation should be shallow and

should leave the ground as level as pos-'

siblc for best rcsulls. “'c use a one-

horsc Spring—tooth cultivator for this

purpose, which is wide enough so that

it is necessary to go but once in a row.

The teeth are set so as to go about two

inches deep, and the cultivation is main-

tained to the same depth and at the

same distance from the rows to the last,

and has given uniformly better results

than where we have cultivated either

deeper or closer the last time thru. “'0

hope that this inquirer will make a Com—

parison of these two methods in his

practice this year and rcport the results

for the benefit of Michigan Farmer read-

ers, but would advise that ‘he confine the

root pruning process to a relatively small

area.

How Many Kernels Per Hill?


I have a piece of sandy loam land that

has been heavily manurcd and that I in-

tend to put to corn. \Vould you kindly

state in your paper how much seed should

be used to the bill for best results.


Van Buren Co. F. L. SMITH.


There is a great difference of opinion

among growers as “'1‘“ as among corn

experts as to the proper quantity of seed

to plant. In earlier days it was almost

the universal custom to plant four ker-

nels in hills for four feet apart. In re-

cent years it has become a quite general

custom to plant the corn in a little nar—

rower checks, varying from 4 ft. 6 in. to

4 ft. 8 in., using a little Tess seed. The

writer uses three kernels to the hill in

checks 4 ft. 8 in. apart. Some of the

best authorities are now advising two

kernels to the hill in checks 3 ft. 6 in.

apart, claiming that when so planted

there will be a minimum of barren stalks

and that a better yield of grain will be

secured, but for a maximum value of the

crop, including the fodder, which is qujte

a factor in this state. the writer favors

a little thicker planting. Of course, when

one platns even as thinly as three kernel-s

to the hill, he should be absolutely certain


of the quality or his "seed, and the ditty

way to be thus certain is to make an ear-


;test of the seed to determine itsvitality

and vigor, as has been, described in the


Michigan Farmer many times.


During recent years a great deal of

corn has been grown in Michigan with

the intention of feeding it out in the

bundle without huskfng. Where this is

the intention we believe it will pay to

plant more seed, as more fodder can be

secured with practically as large a yield

of grain by so doing, and the size of the

cars will not be as important a considera-

tion as Where the crop is to be husked

by hand. In this case the feeding value

alone should be considered, as with corn

which is intended to be used for ensilage.


EXPERIENCE IN INOCULATING SOIL

FOR ALFALFA.


In my article which appeared in the

issue of April 17, I omitted one important

part of my experience with alfalfa, that

is the inoculatiaon of the soil with alfalfa

bact‘eria. I believe this is very essential

in most soils where it has never been

grown.


In the spring of 1907 I sowed one acre

to alfalfa the fore part of June. This

was my ﬁrst experience. It came up

good and rank but toward fall began to

turn yellow. I was studying everything

I could get on the subject and made up

my mind that I must inoculate the soil,

so rwhen I prepared that potato patch for

alfalfa I drove three miles to a sweet

potato patch and got about three bush-

els of tho soil where it grew. Sweet

clover and alfalfa bacteria are said to be

the same, and sowed it on the land and

Worked it in with the drag, immediately

before seeding. I sowed eight pounds of

ordinary seed on the plat, or 32 pounds

to the acre. You can imagine it came

up pretty thick. I think ﬁve pounds

would have been just as well. I noticed

the next spring that this piece developed

nodules on the roots while the plat that

was not inoculated did not. And when

I seeded the eight acres that I spoke of

in the ﬁrst article I took three sugar

barrels of soil from this patch and sowed

it on the eight acres, just as our fathers

used to sow land plaster. Not much for

so large a ﬁeld, but a little leaven leaven-

cth the whole, lump.


Now I believe it pays to inoculate. the

soil before we seed with alfalfa. There

may he places in this country where it

will grow fairly well without. It Will

grow where sweet clover will, but there

are a hundred other places where it Will

not.


I. think it will inoculate the soil after

a while itself. But the first seeding Will

be practically a failure. If you want

a good seeding, and want it, quick, by all

means inoculate. I see that Mr. Lawson

thinks anything less than 20 lbs. to the

acre means failurc. Now I sowed just

1 lbs. to the acre on that eight-acre lot

and since reading his article I have been

counting the plants on a foot square and

I find that they run from 15 to 20. A

Kansas man told me that if I could get

one good plant to the square foot it would

make a good seeding. What do you think

of that?


Oakland (‘0. C. Ra COOK.


This experience is in line with that of

a great majority of those who have sown

alfalfa in Michigan. There seems to be

some localities in which inoculation is

not necessary, but in a majority of cases

where there has been a failure in getting

a good stand the absence‘of the proper

bacteria is without doubt a contributory

cause.——Ed.


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BREEDERS’ PROBI‘EMS.


Selectlng a Slrm


A great deal of advice has been given

amateur breeders with regard’ to the

selection of sires to head the herds which

they are establishing. Experienced

breeders are ever trying to impress them

that the sire is the biggest half of the

herd and that the best is none too good

for them to buy. The same advice is

just as applicable to the general farmer

who pays a, service fee instead of puro

chasing a sire with which to breed the

comparatively few animals which he

keeps. Practically every farmer keeps a

few cows and several brood SOWS which

are bred annually, too often to the near-

est available sire and without regard to

his individuality, so long as the service

fee is a low one. This year a great many

farmer-s will breed one or more mares

who 'do not usually engage in the horse

breeding business, and many of these

'will breed them to a grade ‘Sire because

the service fee is smaller. No greater

mistake could be made than this. If one

is going into the breeding business on

ever so small a scale he should be just

as careful in the selection of a sire as is

the experienced breeder, for the value

of the progeny will depend just as largely

upon the quality of the sire in the one

case as in the other. The difference be—

tween a $10 and a $20 services fee, gen-

erally looks big to the farmer who is not

in the habit,of raising colts, but if he

goes out to buy a horse he will ﬁnd a

vastly greater difference than this be-

tween the value of the animals sired by

the two classes of stallions to which these

fees apply. It costs no more to raise the

good “horse than the indifferent one, and

in a vast majority of cases the pure bred

sire of any breed will prove a far more

prepotent sire than will the grade, even

if of similar type and conformation. Con-

tinued breeding for quality for genera~

tions cannot but have a cumulative in-

ﬂuence Which will be evident in the pro-

geny of the pure bred sire, while the

mixed breeding of the grade is sure to

crop out in an unsatisfactory manner in

his get. Whatever the animal to be bred

it will always pay to look carefully to

the breeding as well as the individuality

of the sire, and then use the best avail-

able, even at the expense of a liberal ser-

vice fee. This course will insure a max—

imum proﬁt from the breeding operations.


THEx SHEEP PASTURE.


The season is already at hand when

flock owners should be directing Special

attention to the sheep pasture. During

the early part of the growing season

grass pastures make excellent growth and

furnish a large amount of feed, but on

account of being sensitive to drought can-

not be wholly relied upon. The ﬂock

owner who is anxious to force his ewes

to maximum milk ﬂow cannot afford to

ignore the economic feeding value of nu-

tritious pasture. There is no other avail-

able food within the reach of the averz'ige

ﬂock owner that will maintain the nurs-

ing ewes in a high flesh condition and

cause more rapid gain on the growing

lambs than good pasture.


A large number of flock owners depend

almost entirely on old meadows that have

been pastured for several seasons as a

source of pasture supply during the sum-

mer months. As a general rule meadow

pastures can be relied upon for two

years, but beyond that they grow tough

and woody and make very undesirable

sheep pasture. Timothy sods in particu-

lar make very poor sheep pasture after

the second season. On many farms there

are several acres of land that is unde-

sirable for cultivation. This land is gen-

erally set aside and (used as a permanent

pasture for the sheep. Such land, in

many instances makes passably good

sheep pasture. On our farm We have

about twenty acres of this kind of land

that is of little value for cultivation and

is employed for a permanent pasture.


The great drawback to permanent pas-

tures in this country is their infestation

with stomach parasites. Old pastures as

a rule are fertile ground for this disease

to spread. Unless one exercises strict

measures in dealing with this ravaging

pest it is not advisable to allow sheep to

pasture upon the same ground more than

two years. Where permanent pastures

are maintained, as in the case above al~

luded‘vto, it is an excellent practice to

alternate the ﬂock as frequently as pos.


' ~


THE MIcHtth-N‘ FARMER,


'Asible. If the ﬂeck is permitted to graze


the pasture during the early spring


'months and then removed until fall there


is not near the danger that follows con-

stant pasturing. As a rule, old pastures

readily infest growing lambs with the

stomach parasite.


Every precaution should be exercised

during the summer months not to allow

the ﬂock to pasture on lands where there

are slight depressions permitting stag-

nant pools to accumulate. There is every

danger of the old slieep becoming in-

fested with deadly parasites but the

greatest danger is with the lambs. Grow—

the lambs drink more water during the

summer months in relative proportion

than old sheep. If the water supply is

not within easy reach the lambs readily

drink from stagnant pools, thus mater-

ially increasing the danger of parasitic

infestation. It is a well established

fact that growing lambs are much more

susceptible to parasitic infestation than

older sheep. There is no remedy for

this trouble except to keep the ﬂock off

land that has such depressions.


Sheep should not be pastured upon land

where the water level is so near the sur-

face as to keep the soil wet. If allowed

to pasture upon such soil there is a con-

siderable danger of foot disease. A few

years ago when my father kept ﬁne wool

sheep we had considerable trouble of this

nature caused from allowing the sheep to

pasture on land that was more. or less

wet.


Sheep shOuld not be allowed to pasture

in ﬁelds where there is danger of crowd-

ing together under shade trees and in

fence corners and producing ﬁlth to such

an extent as to make conditions unsani-

tary. Sheep must have shade during the

summer months and should be furnished

in such a manner that it will not be the

means of impairing the health of the

flock. The most danger comes in pastur—

ing sheep in ﬁelds where there are but

one or two shade trees or none at all,

and in order for the animals to protect

themselves from the hot sun they crowd

together. There is no more fertile ground

for the gad-fiy to carry on its deadly

'work than under such unsanitary con-

ditions. If there is no natural shade in

the pasture for the sheep to protect them-

selves from the hot sun during the sum-

mer months, artiﬁcial shade should be

supplied. The sheep barn is an excellent

means of supplying this need and besides

collects the droppings.


Shiawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.


HORSE RAISING ON THE FARM.


When we speak of the live stock on

the farm, and the values that each class

represents, we are inclined to emphasize

the value of cattle, sheep and hogs, and

pass horses by as tho they represented

an uncertain product, the value of which

depended on the exigencies of the condi-

tions on the farm. In other words, the

raising of horses, as a product to be

marketed annually, has been looked upon

as a business belonging to the great

west. \Yithin the last decade there has

been a great change, and a. good market

for good horses seems as assured as for

good stock of the other classes.


For many years there has been a steady

demand for our meat producing animals.

It may not be saying too much to say

that our market animals are superior to

those produced in other countries in

many respects. The ever resourceful

Yankee is on the lookout to see what is

demanded, and is ready to produce just

what the market calls for, and the con—

sumers are the readiest to pay their

money for, and then supply it. As far

as quality of meat and early maturity is

concerned the Americans have outstripped

their competitors. Producers in other

countries are, still tied to old time cus—

toms, and if the time comes, (and it may,

sooner than we are aware of), when meat

produced in other parts of the world

seeks a market in our country, the pro-

ducers will be obliged to change their

methods of raising and fattening their

animals.


The American mer is considering

the branch of sto k r. ising that will pay

him the best. W'ith the sheep and hog

raiser, the modern method of forcing the

young stock to market weights and selling

it makes a steady annual income. On

some farms the conditions may be such,

and the tastes of the individual farmer

may lead him to consider the advisability

of raising ’horses for market. The ques-

tion often comes up, “Will it pay?” Let

us look at some of the ﬁgures and see if

there is an opportunity for the American

farmers.


In the whole world,


last year, there


about one-fourth of all the horses in the


were 105,738,000 horses and mules- In

the United States there are 26,678,000, or


world ,are raised in our own country.

We have about 200 horses to each 1,000

inhabitants, while we have about 500

sheep, 500 swine, and 700 cattle to the

same number. One half of all the hogs

raised in the world are raised in the

United States, and yet we would resent

the imputation of being hoggish in this

country to any great degree.


When we look at what has been ac—

complished with other classes of live

stock, it seems as tho the horses have

been neglected. In fact, in comparison

with what has been bestowed, by way

of care, upon other animals, the colts are

treated in an indifferent manner, and

yet raised as they have been, they are

selling at good, round ﬁgures and the

question, if correctly answered, as to

which class pays the largest proﬁt, might

put the balance on the side of good-sized

grade colts.


Just a few ‘hints at this time. I will

leave it to the readers of this paper to'

answer in their own minds in regard to

the treatment the colts on most of the

farms get during the ﬁrst two years of

their lives. The colts are allowed to run

with the dam for four or ﬁve months in

the summer, weaned and compelled to

shirk for themselves until winter. Dur-

ing the ﬁrst winter they are sheltered

nights, fed some grain, but not given

feed and care sufﬁcient to keep up a‘

growth. They come thru the winter thin

in flesh, and it requires one—half of the,’

summer to get them to thriving, and if‘

they make fairly gimd progress during|

the fall months, they are considered hardy

animals.


I will leave it to the farmers themselves

to say if they have not entertained the

opinion that to make the colts run Out

at the straw stack, subsist on the coars-

est feeds, and endure neglect, would

make them tough and capable of endur-

ing hardships later in life? Have they

not maintained that to grow the coils

slowly, would make them tough? It may,

be true, for they do look tough at the end i

of the ﬁrst and second year; but thel

question naturally comes up, “Are they

not more inferior as horses on account

of the neglect?


It is a fact pretty well understood,

that if a colt is well fed from birth until,

one year old, he will weigh one—half whatl'

he will weigh when matured. If kept

growing constantly, the grade draftcr will

be as well matured when three years old,

as most of them now are when four years

old. To feed well along from birth is a

saving in time.


Another fact should be borne in mind:

the muscles only grow during the grow-

ing period of the colt’s life. If the mus—

cles are not developed during that time,

they never can be improved upon. One

may lead a 'horse in after years with fat

and, like charity, cover a multitude of

defects, but cannot make the muscle. and

vital energy what it would have been,

if they had been properly fed while young

and growing.


Still another point ought not to be

overlooked. \Yhat is called the colt form


l


is generally the nearest to the ideal

form. \thre a colt has reached four


months of age, and is in good condition,

he rem-esents in outline what the highest:

possibilities in form with him can be.

The man who can retain the most of the

colt form until he has become a mature

horse. is the best artist as a feeder and

caretaker.


Many of our horses have poor outlines

and are not comely and attractive, own.

in good ﬂesh. If they had been raised to

retain the. colt form they would have.

looked better, and represented a greater

value. Beauty in form with stock of any

kind, has a value that people who buy

are ready to pay for at good prices.


These are points that are worth con-

sidering. If the horse raisers are to win

a reputation for quality that will com-

pare well with the reputation and

achievements of stock raiscrs of all other

classes of stock, it is a matter of neces-

sity that they heed, and abide, by the

same rules in order to meet the same


acquirements. Constant growth from

birth to maturity means better form,

greater capabilities, better quality and


higher values.


Wayne 00. N. A. CLAPP.


END OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH QUAR-


ANTINE.

The Secretary of Agriculture has issued

an order, effective April 24, releasing

entirely the quarantine for foot-and-


mouth disease, as he is satisﬁed that the

disease has been completely eradicated

from the United States.


.ll ill mlllnlmntum-'nniilnzmmm


wm. moo: mason

... was”: POWER-~-

ﬂ


l


The Right Oil For

[land Separator Bearings


Whether you get the proper

per cent of cream from your

milk depends, not so much

upon the separator, as upon

the oil you use on the separa-

tor. Poor, gummy oil retards.

motion and wastes good cream

in the skim milk pail.


STANDARD

Hand Separator 0il


lubricates close ﬁtting cream sepa-

rator bearings perfectly, for any

length of time, without gumming

them.


It runs a separator with the least

effort and reduces wear to an im-

perceptible quantity. Standard

Hand Separator Oil is the beat

economy'for separator users.


Ask your dealer for it.


STANDARD 01L COMPANY

(Incorporated)


Send Us $13.50


for the


Martin Wizard


Sheep Shearing

Machine With Four Combs


and Cutters I

The MARTIN WIZARD is guaranteed


to shear any kind of ﬂeece, off any breed

of sheep, under any and all conditﬁns.

You are losing wool, losing time and

losing money if you shear by hand or

with any other shearing machine than

the MARTIN WIZARD .~


Duringthe

past few


State Pairs

all over the

country. w e

s h o w e d the

sheepmen how

to get all the

wool from all

the sheep; how

to get the long-

est wool; how

to get the clean

lon ﬂeece that

391 s for the

highest rice:


. I ' I how to cave

Sheep Shearing Machine w'th '

Four Combs and Cutters l aheesgeﬁgitﬁg


condition after shearing; how to save time.

labor and money. We showed them that

the machine which does all this under an

and all conditions, the machine that. Wll

do it for you. is the Martin Wizard Sheep

Shearing Machine.


Send us $18.50 today or ask for our

Sheep Shearing Circular No. 2429.


sumsnomucmaa

DilHlﬂllElVES!.llE.‘i’.I.Qlli§


. TEMPE! CURE. A Veterinary

~ Remedy for Wind, Throat. and

_, Stomach Troubles. It acts on


“in!" the Respirative and Digestive


/ ‘ . __ (ii-13:25, tgeir Nerve Supply and on


“‘7’ ,1 \ ,y/ ’ x e 00 .


vgﬁﬂw -. - 25 years in successful use proves


’ “as. 3—:- its worth for Heaven, Coughs, Indigestion,


Epizootics. $1.00 per can, at dealers, or sent. direct, prepaid.


Bond for booklet, vnlunblo inform-tion, Indurong endorsements.


THE NEWTON REMEDY 00., Toledo, Ohio


_,, Death tolhu Stomach

‘ Worms Guaranteed.


We will und you 100 lbl. of DB.

HOLLAND’S IIDICATED STOCK

SALT on 60 dnyI' trial height

prop-id. Ityou dnlvo no hono-

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do it costs you $5.00. Oh. “I

your order at once.


The nonmn STOCK Bill!“


o

‘9‘..-


COHPLNY. Wellington. Ohio

HORSES (€33? éii‘y‘idn. area's:
496' ‘ (1i)


YVYYYVVYVVYVYVVYYVYVYYVV


: VETERINARY


AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA


CONDUCTED BY DR. W. o. FAIR,

CL


4

1

1

4


YVYY


EVELAND OHIO.


Advice thru this department is free to

our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

lease in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to


the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will pmbably find

the desired information in a reply that


has been made to some one else.


Bursal Swelling—I have a 4-year-old

colt that has a soft bunch situated below

stiﬂe joint that causes very little lame~

ness. but the colt rests that leg most of

the time. This swelling has been there


for the past seven months. H. .. ..,

Leer, Mich—Apply equal parts spirits

camphor and tincture iodine to bunch


once a day. or apply a blister, using cer-

ate of cantharides.


Strangles (l')istemper).—I am anxious

to use a preventative, if there is any

against distemper as this disease is pre-

vailing among horses in this locality and

if mine take it what had I better do for

them? H. S., Harrisville, Mich.~\Vhen

the disease does not assume any regular

form very little need be done in line of

medication. Either poultice throat with

linseed meal. bran or antiphlogistine, or

apply any good home liniment such as

turpentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil.

When the glands soften open them and

allow pus to escape. then apply one part

carbolic acid and thirty parts water.

Also give tonics, such as quinine, iron,

gentian, quassia. nux vomlca or cinchona.


Crippled Chicks—I have an incubator

that holds sixty eggs: the last hatch there

were ten or twelve crippled chicks in

one sitting. There appears to be. mois—

ture and ventilation. enough. “hat is

the trouble? W. I. ., Grant, Mich.—

It is possible you can overcome this difﬁ-

culty by being a little more careful in

turning the eggs.


Nodular Disease—Can you tell me What

is wrong with my sheep? Last fall, pas-

turc bcing dry, my sheep were thin so I

commenced giving grain and fed oats all


winter. About a month ago four of them

bcgan to show signs of being out of-

hcalth. First seemingly dumpish. but ap-

petites rcmain fairly good. They lost

ill-sh gradually; a short time ago two

of them commenced scouring, one of

ihcm dicd and I bclicve the other one


will not get wcll. B. F... Cass City, Mich.

—I am inclined to believe, that your sheep

suffer from nodular disease, a parasitic

bowel affection. and in the advanced

stages, is incurable. (live, all your sheep

half tenspoont‘ul of the following com—

pound powdcr once or twice a day until

they run to grass: Powdered gentian,

powdered ginger, powdered cinchona, bl-

carbonate soda, salthud charcoal, equal


parts by weight. Those that are very

sick should be given a teaspoonful of gas—

oline in one ounce swcct oil or two


ounces of sweet milk,

for three weeks.


Loss of Appetitc.—~“'ill you plcasc. tcll

me what to do for my cow that seems to

have lost her appetite. She came, fresh

four weeks ago: since then she has grad-


one dose a week


ually grown weaker and weaker, but

chews her cud. She gives very little

milk. ’J‘. 16., Tremont. Mich.wa hcr


bowels are costive give one pound cpsoin

salts. one (lose daily. Feed her some

vcgctables. (live 1 oz. ground gcntian, 1

oz. ginger and l oz. powdered charcoal at

a dose in feed or as a drcnch twice a day.


“'art.—\\'c have a valuable heifer that

has a growth in flank cxtending to fore

part of udder. that resembles a wart.

This hunch is 2.1:. in. long and l in. wide.


This cow is in a hcalthy condition. \V.

A.. laleom, Michg Apply one part

(Thromic acid and thrcc parts water to

burnli once :1 day, or havc it cut out.

Spiaiucd ri‘l'lllllill.rwr.\IHI|lt six \VOKIkS ago

our l:f~ycar—old Iliiving horsc ovcrrcuchcd

and caught hccl of front shoe, causing

him to almost no; Sim-c thcn he has

been lame and the lcg‘ sw'ollcn between

i‘ctlock and kncc. He walks i‘airlv wcll,

but trots lamc. .l. .\‘., l-Illtton, Mic“... If

thc ice is still inllamcd apply the follow-

insr lotion: I’m. ‘4 lb. ul‘v‘idil‘ lcml and

x ozs. laudanum in a. gallon cold water


and apply to \‘x‘v illcn lg live or six times


a day. This will talcr- the inflammation

and sorcncss out of leg, but if it is not

feverish appl}.r ("lllill parts alcohol, spirits


caniphor and tincture iodine once a day.

Injlll'ctl ’I‘ciuloli. I had :1 ii-g‘ﬂ‘tlF—Hld (‘i-lt

gct cut quite badly on t'orc leg uudcr fei—


lock by a barb wire t'cncc. Rho made a.

fairly good rcco\'ci‘j\', but still some lame

whcn she trots. 1 do not know whether

it is due to contraction or whcthcr some

cords are bruised or scvcred. \‘x'ucn

driven fastcr than an ordinary trot she

is inclincd to run. It sccins to be more.

of an effort now for hcr to go fast;

formerly she had nice i‘rco action. Ilo

you think she will rccmcr in time and

What [rt-atmcnt shall I givc licr? This

mu)“- V..‘t.§ out in pasture most. of last

sue. or. I icoiwwl tor some time bcforo


to.» :art liml wlecn shc got up from


, " j 1'; mil l-c slit‘t‘cncd, or


all?


worms and I would like‘ to know 4th

.to give her? F. L. ., Jasper, Mich.—

Her molar (grinder) teeth may be uneven.

which is perhaps interfering with~mastl~

cation of food; if rough, ﬂoat off sharp

edges of outside of upper rows and inside

of lower, also give 1,4,» oz. tr. gentian and

1,5 oz. tr. cinchona at a dose in feed three

times a day. Dissolve 1 oz. powdered

sulfate iron in 1 qt. warm water and

wash out rectum three times a week, but

before doing so wash out bowel with two

or three gallons of warm water.


Eversion of the Vagina.-—Young cow

due. to calve in sixty days, casts wethers

cvci‘y few days: have stitched parts, but

thread soon rots. C., Davisburg,

Mich.———You can best overcome this weak-

ness by placing her fore feet lower than

hind ,ones for when standing in this

position the inverted parts fall back into

their normal position. Dissolve 1 oz.

alum in a quart of t-epid water and pour

over inverted part twice daily. Feed her

well, she way be weak. .


Indigestion~lVeakness.—M_v 7-year—old

horse has been ailing for some time. He

is so weak when walking thru mud he

can hardly pull his feet out. However,

he manages to get up and down all right.

Have been feeding condition powders to

him for some time but they seem to fail

to help him. R. C., \‘Vest Branch, Mich.

~—His back teeth may need attention and

you should change his foodsupply. Per-

haps some vegetables 'would do him a

whole lot of good; also give 1 oz. ﬂuid

extract cinchona, 1 oz. fluid extract gen-

tian, and 1 d’r. tr. nux vomica at a dose

in feed three times a day, this will tone

him up; also give him all the hearty food

he will eat, if he is working hard.


CATALOGS RECEIVED.


Dust spraying machines are fully il-

lustrated and described in a pamphlet

issued by Dust Sprayer Mfg. Co., 1224

“’cst Ninth St., Kansas City, Mo. ’Both

hand and power machines are listed.


Legget's Spray Calendar, published 1)

Leggett & Brother, New York, Y.

gives short and concise directions for

applying dry and liquid sprays to all

kinds of fruit and other crops; also lists

their line of dust sprayers.


De Laval Separator Co., Poughkeepsie.

N. Y., have just issued a new booklet.

entitled, “Other Cream Separators Merely

Discarded or Abandoned De Laval Inven-

tions,” which is in reality a brief illus-

trated patent history of the origin and

dcvelopmeut of the, centrifugal cream

separator and the. utilization of discarded

or almudoncd Dc. Laval inventions by the

manut‘acturcrs of other cream separators.

This is a booklet of 32 pages containing

drawings illustrating the different types

of separator bowls and power devices

which this company has originated.


Y


BOOK NOTICE.


Swine in America, by F. D. Coburn,

secretary Kansas Department of Agricul-

ture. Illustrated. 704 pages, 6x9 inches,

cloth. Price, net $2.50, postpaid. May

be ordered thru Michigan Farmer. A

man who breathes optimism in every

breath, who loves agriculture above per-

sonal pret‘crment, who studies the prob-

lcms oi" the farm day and night, is F. D.


(“oburir of Kansas. He. stands, today,

the foremost authority on alfalfa. His

great book on that subject is a guide


to every grower and a text book to every

student. \Vhat ho had already done for

alfalfa, Mr. Coburn now has done for

swine. This vast industry is treated in

his new work. “Swine in America," in a

most exhaustive manner. Every phase

of hog-raising is considered from a prac-

tical standpoint: and the latest contribu-

tions to the. science and art of handling

and managing hogs weighed and dis~

cussed in this important; work, to the

hour of publication.

W


New Uses for Explosives.


Tn a pamphlet issued by the E. 'I. Du-

Pont .e Nemours Powder Co., of V’Vil-

miugton, l)cl., for circulation among the

cmploycs of the. sales department of the


company, many new uses for explosives,

cspcciully along agricultural lines, are

mcntioncd and explained. Among these


novel uses for high—power explosives

might be Illt'lllltlllt‘tl the brcaking up of a


hard pan soil for farming purposes,

which use. has been sueccssfully made

of giant powder by Gov. Crawford, 0f

t‘oloi'udo. in breaking holes- in this hard


pan about 30 ft. apart in ordcr to secure

bcttcr drainage for the soil. Bringing old

orchards into bcarin ;‘ again by thc use Of


cxplosivcs is another novcl manner 01

cu’tploying them on the, farm. This is

accomplislicd by placing a charge of

stumping powder about 1.2 ft. directly

undcr the trcc in a hole, made for the

purpose and cxplodins: it. so as to break

up and loosen the hard soil about the


roots and liberate plant food that is now

tightly locked in the hard soil. Opening

watcr holes for stock with dynamite is

another new use which is being made of

this explosive in sci-iions where it is

dcsircd to l-zcep open water for stock in


Dear Sirs :

tax- service than I coul

cheapest rooﬁng on the market. when you

use it; on my other building. (Signed)


with painting.

N 0 other ready rooﬁngs c


protection. Sample and


New Orlean


A LE Cultivator.


AX

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many imitators.


Original


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We offer you both Spring-Tooth and Shovel machines.

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All Sold Direct From Our

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30 Ilays’ Free Trial Test


‘-


of

A


58


an

32

Fr


~ Colchester. Connecticut. September 4. 190a

Barrett Manufacturing Company :


The Amatite Rooﬁng on my own grain store is giving much bot-

d believe it; would at such a. moderate price.


This is a type of hundreds of letters which we get regarding Amatite.


It is better made; has better waterprooﬁng material and weighs

more per square foot than any other rooﬁng of the same price.


And Amatite has one distinction which makes it stand out above

all others—it: has a real mineral surface which does away entirely


points of low cost, no maintenance cost and absolute


BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY


New York. Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston. Cincinnati,

Minneapolis, Cleveland. St. Louis. Pittsburg.


London. Eng.


Ilere Are {High—"Grade

Bullivators to choose From


DDED to the famous AMERICAN Line of Cultivators this year sold only di-

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l.

2. An ALL Steel WALKING Cultivator.

Remember, that we are also the exclusive makers of


the only original genuine MERICAN SPRING TOOTH CULTIVATOR, which has had


No matter What style 2-horsc cultivator you want. whether for crops in narrow

rows. or wide rows. we ask you to write us for our lactory-toqou price and free literature about all of out


better or more satisfactory 'cultivators than AMERICAN machines at any price.


vators and let us quote you our factory prices on our Direct

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purchased on our Cash with Order Plan-on our 30 Days' Plan.

or our 'l‘imc Payment Plan.


buying direct from our factory. and why you will get a much

more satisfactory machine for the price you pay this way than

by buying any other.


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consider the wearing qualities. Am going to

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our three liberal plans. Take your choice: We will send any

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As we sell only direct to the user. we simply ask you to

nd us your name and let us prove to you the economy of


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cc Literature and Factory Prices. Address


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wutusn-sinoua IMPLEMENT to.


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- ARTIFICIAL

MARE IMPREGNATORS


For getting from I to 6 mares I n foal from one service of 3

5131110“. $3 .50 to $6.00. Safety lmpreﬁnatjng Outfit {0r

barren and irregular breederS.$7.50. Servxng Hobblcs.

Stallion Bridles, Shields, Supports, Service BookS. ctc,

prepgid and guuameed. Stallion Goods Catalog FREE.

CRITTERDEN I: C0. Dept. 86 Cleveland. Ohio.


YOUNG MEN WANTED—To learn the

Veterinary Profession. Catalogue sent;

tree. Address VETERINARY LOLLEGE

Grand Rapids, Mich.


Watson E. Coleman. Patent

Attorney, Washington. D. 0 Ad.


vice free. Term: low. Highest rel,


-—The greatest milk.


producing ration


it; for you. Sand for Booklet, prices, etc.


but “I“... ,.x,.1~(.ig;ng which tclls how explosives may be pi‘otit'~ methods to others. Hiseys.

.A... -. . n _ (.rr 1 drive ably used in preparing the holes in which tem of Hort“) Training and

"’ ‘” "\ ' - . .1 - *rcus are to be ‘ct not on] ’ "tl - “e' t 00” Breaking Opens up 3

m,- \l'.\\' v 7 .~: n “wk. six ‘ g . , -‘ v -‘ “1 1 ‘1 3‘ a. most attractive money-making ﬁeldtothe man who

W m)”, up“: _ ,. . 14p”). saving of labor but to the great bencht masters its 51m 16 principles,

.,,. ,‘.,..v mi..- . .. .v .. , -:; 3.;r;,.m.,1 to the tree, since thn ground is broken hoompgent] olrsel Trlliutéi‘g (3032i; delmarﬁetl'fw-

‘ ‘ “ ' .. ’ ‘. ',,, ;. , .w . . .7 - J. -.< w ere. co 0 ga( pay ) a 16m 0 ave

.imi “Hm-“.4 L, k. 1. f o, and... :‘p ”Md lilllijmlz‘rflwfmffq Unlisitkrable d1” horses tamed). trained‘: cured of habits~to have colts

mu.“ _ , in, .,;...,..\.~ 3 - an r-., t ms glut... _ ice. htcess to the, broken to harness. A good trainercan alwayakeep

.21,” ."mi' (min: 3...; twnrlr-r roots and hiwralmg‘ plant food his stable fullofhorses.

“(ﬂ-j} m... 11..., f“ . .7. 35,-, (ml. which :will be readily available for their woridyo‘iviiiéeeiiiiifiiiotgrgnh”ninifiii‘gnigr'ég malt-Ilse

thar Wis my“. no. suggest. nsc. I “flt'r' ”7“ head “f stump ”313th You wiﬁ be surprised to learn how little it costs to Departmwt U-

that. :-.l..-.+ - -. 3,95 kph”. in the pine belt is also described a use. getWinto thedHIIi)rsef-’1‘%iiningpliiofesiaion. full

.-..« .3. .—.~‘ -- . r, . f: r cx lrsivr-s with whi‘ . 'x: \' " 'l'ite 8n 1‘0 - 681'le sen you rticu—

("r-f" ‘1‘» ‘_ _ ,, , , 2",” , “(I J, p f .. 'l" . ( 11V“): 1‘ “-1” “111 larsundhundsomebookubouthorses~FREE.lAaddre-

10ml“, mm“ .;- ‘43,, _ . H,- .ml .,m-a b. moir falm mi, but “huh might be of Jo B .

everv week (.g- tan U». -- 1.x, ,i.,:,-i,y_fnl used with profit by many who have P‘ ' ”° eery. 3'“ 42' PlemntHIILOhh

“1,9th she will g:-t 2- 4; or not, never gotten well acquainted with the

Indigstion pin “3mm... f l. ;, more use of explosives. An investigation of the "IGOR" DAIRY RA I '0"

15 years old that is in {0-4}, which has. merits of the use of high—power, yet safe ‘ ,

been working fm‘ “1*“ 1““ ‘Wf‘f‘k- We ”pmswes forfhes“ and {“11” 9mm?“ onthe market. Ithasincreased themilk output25gallonsadaylnnu-

shows no sickness but is giowmg units would be a proﬁtable. subject of inquxry ' ' ‘ ’it -11 'n e so

thin altho eating heartily; she has pin for many Michigan Farmer readers. merons cases, W1 1 er a.


s


CHAPIN & CO. Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.
MAY 1, 1909.

' I LIVE, .STOGK Noras.


Hogs and corn have been such great

money-makers in recent years that it is

no wonder that so many farmers are de-

voting all the land they can’spare to

corn and are breeding as many hogs as

possible. As everyone is aware, the

corn area in the United States is a lim-

ited one, and there is no danger that corn

will ever again be raised in too large

amounts that the price will rule so low

as to prove unproﬁtable. Many farmers

have been using all the land they could

well spare for raising corn, but this spring

plenty of farmers are plowing up farms

and meadows for corn, and this is partic-

ularly true in Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Mis-

souri, Nebraska, and South Dakota. All

accounts agree that the corn acreage

will be a good deal extended. Further-

more, farmers are going into hog breed—

ing with renewed determination to raise

as many hogs for the market as possible,

and if a big “crop" of pigs is not grown

it will be no fault of the farmers of the

country. The malady popularly known

as ”hog cholera” is usually the most ser-

ious obstacle in this direction, but the

cold and wet weather this spring has

caused a large mortality among the new-

born pigs in Various portions of the

middle west.


The recent rapid upward movement in

hogs in the Chicago market carried prime

consignments of strong Weights up to

$7.00 per 100 lbs., there having been ad-

vances for seven days without interrup—

tion, something never before known. 01

course, a sharp reaction after such a

showing was inevitable, and the only

wonder is that it did not take place

sooner. The remarkable rise in hogs that

has "taken place has occasioned consider-

able surprise, altho its cause is under-

stood, there being an inadequate supply

of swine in the. corn belt. Long ago most

of the eastern hog supply gave out, and

since then the east has bccn compelled

to draw heavily on the West for hogs

to meet its pressing demands for fresh

pork and provisions. People generally do

not believe that the top has yet been

seen, and predictions of $8 hogs are heard

on all sides. To a remarkable extent

farmers marketed their pigs in order to

save feeding high-priced corn, and now

there are not hogs enough to go around.


Most of the choiccst heavy cattle that

are arriving in the Chicago market hail

from Kansas and Nebraska, states where

corn is not so high as in most other states

and is more abundant. Stockmen in those

states are more inclined for these reasons

to hold on to their cattle until they are

well ﬁnished. \thre corn commands high

prices stOckmcn claim that going into

long feeding of cattle is apt to prove _a

losing venture and that a quick feed 18

a better policy, care being taken to buy

well—bred fccdcrs at the start and then

to feed them carefully.


Sixteen million dollars’ worth of con-

densed milk has been exported from the

l'nited States during the past decade,

31/; million dollars of it in the ﬁscal year

1908. China, Japan, the Philippine Is-

lands, Korea, Asiatic Russia, Portuguese

Africa, Mexico, and all of the Ccntral

and South American States, Cuba, Santo

Domingo, the British \Vcst Indies, Can-

ada‘, and even the United Kingdom, are

among the numerous purchasers of this

comparatively new, rapidly growing export

from the l'nitcd States. The cxportations

of “milk” from the I'nitcd States, as rc-

portcd by customs ofﬁcers to thc Burcau

of Statistics of the Department of Com-

merce and Labor, have shown a Vcry

rapid growth in recent years, the total

value bcing in 1895, $219,785; in 15498,

$071,670; in 1900, $1,139,402; in 1905, $3.-

156,616; and in 1908, $2,455,186. This rapid

growth, together with the wide distribu—

tion, has led the Bureau of Statistics to

an inquiry regarding the details of this

growing trade, the result of the inquiry

making it apparent that practically all

of the milk so exported goes in condensed

form, probably not more than 1 pcr cent

in the natural state.


Regarding the situation in the cattle

trade and its prospects for future months,

Clay, Robinson & C0.’s Live Stock Ro-

port says:


Conditions surrounding the cattle trade

now are somcwhat similar to thosc in

1902, when such high prices prcwailcd,

and comparisons should prove interesting.


Receipts at the four leading cattle

markets—0hicago, Kansas (lity, South

(nnaha and East St. Louis—for the first

three months of this year totaled 1,015,-

800, indicating a dccrcasc of 33,100 from

the cm‘rcspmiding period of 1902. Mar-

keting at Chicago for the three months

was 720,800, bcing 18,300 under the like

period of 19021. Top bccvcs in January,

1909, made $7.50. as against $7.75 for

January, 1902, while the top in March of

this year was $7.40, the same as in March,

1902. The top thus far this month is

$7.35, with $7.50 the, summit for April,

1902. After the latter month prices made

some rapid ascensions in 1902, going up

to $7.70 in May, $8.50 in June, $8.85 in

July, and $9.00 in August, this figure

being the highest cattle have brot here

on the open market since June, 1882,

when $9.50 was recorded.


It will be recalled that in all the years

when extremely high prices ruled the

lhigh spots were not hit before May, rates

making most of the gains during the

ninety (lays following May.


In view of the big increase in popula-

tion since 1902, and with no more cattle

in sight than thou, the question presents

itself, why, barring a money panic or

bad industrial conditions, should prices

not advance the same as in 1902'? Of

course, we are bound to have still higher

rates than are prevailing now, but as to

how high they will go is problematical.

There is no doubt of short supplies of

cattle during May, June and July at all of,

the leading markets, and if some very

high price spots are not touched it will

be because the consumers will positively


WORK SHOES


Tough stock, heavy soles, solid coun-

ters, double leather toes, double seams

and high-grade workmanship are what make Mayer Work Shoes

last longer than any other kind.


Farmers, miners, lumbermen, mechanics and all classes of

workmen can get double the wear out of


MAYER WORK SHOES


They are honestly made—solid through

and through. They are “built on honor. ” Their

strength and wearing qualities cannot be equalled.


To be sure you are getting the genuine, look

for the Mayer Trade Mark on the sole.


Your dealer will supply you; if not, write to us.


FREE—If you will send us the name of a dealer who does

not handle Mayer Work Shoes, we will send you free, post-

paid, a beautiful picture of George Washington, size 15x20.


We also make Honorbilt Shoes, Leading Lady Shoes.


Martha Washington Comfort Shoes, Yerma Cushion

Shoes and Special Merit School Shoes.


F. MAYER BOOT 89’ SHOE CO.


MILWAUKEE. WISCONSIN


. n. -.

. °.\..’_o_‘.

,..._,_.


v-_.


.u .

no“: 'On:.'.'.t._'.'

....-. ..,,....


nu


"-':’:"


. .,._,;._..,_.::..,__ .. .

.5‘1"..u~..a;'.‘-" ... '-


. = no“ ”he “Ml


\Fovﬁti‘kmos OEWLIVE SIOC

. STANDARDIZED ...,- ’ \


OFFICIAL FOR SHEEP


ERADICATES MANGE ON ALL ANIMALS.

HEALS LEG AND LIP ULCERATION.

KILLS DISEASE GERMS.


:FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE.


PARKE, DAVIS & 00.


Department of Animal Industry, DETROIT, MICH., U. S. A.


SEND FOR FREE DESCRIPTIVE BOOKLETS-


f:


WILL NOT SCAR 0R BLEMISH.


GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM


Is the safest and most effective lotion ol’

"blister for ailments of


HORSES and CATTLE


and supersedes all cautery or ﬁring.


It is prepared exclusively by J. E. Gom-

bault, ex—Veterinary Surgeon to the French

Government Stud.


As 3 HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

matism, Sprain“, Sore Throat. etc. it

Is invaluable.


Every bottle of Caustic Ballam sold in

War-ranted to give satisfaction. Price 81.50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by ex-

press, charges paid, with full directions for in

use. Send for descriptive Circulars, testimo-

nials, etc. Address


Ill! LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS GOKPINI, Olovollm‘l, Ohio,


ruin horse values. You can remove


all abnormal growths, leaving no

scar or blemish, with the old reliable


Kendall’s

SPAVIN CURE


Horsemen using it 10

to 40 years say it has no

equal as a cure for


pavin, ingbone,

Curb,Splint,Lameness.


“I have used Kendall‘s

Spavin (‘urc for ﬁfteen

years and it never fails.”


C. It. l“orshcc,


,! ' Billingslcy, Ala.

$1 aBottle; 6 for $5. At all drug-

EiStS: Get it and be ready for emer-

gencxes. Book, “Treatise on the

Horse.” free at drug stores or from

Dr. B. J. Kendall (30., Enosburg Falls, VI.


Try _Dr. Fair’s New


GUUGH & HEAVE


_w. E. FI’IRITCVHARD 8. SONS


OTTAWA. ILLINOIS.


American BIBIl Percheron & SIIIIB HOISBS


We are offering a high-class bunch or sound young stallions

of the real draft type, with big bone, size and quality. We can

Unit the most particular in horse and price. Special induce.

ments for men who buy two or more to re-sell. Write us for


Irticulars. Located on Rock Island main line, and Aurora.


ranch of Burlington Railways.


New importation Just Arrived


Percherons,Clydesdales,

and English Hackneys.


These horses are picked from the choicest breeds in Europe. Stables right

in town. Free bus to the trains. Byron is located on the Toledo & Ann Arbor

R. R., 44 miles north of Ann Arbor and 7 miles south of Durand on the Grand

Trunk R. R. These stallions are blacks, bays and chestnuts from 3 to 6 years old.


ALL AT LOW PRICES.


Remedy


MFREE


If new customers will send 40 to pay postage

We will mail a 250 box, 1‘.‘ tloscs, to try: and write

alerter telling how to Cure in. horse that coughs

has heaven or distemper.


30 Days’ Treatmen (Siam $1.00

DR. FAIR VETERINARY REMEDY 60..


DR FAIR. V. S. Propr.

5712-5714 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland. Ohio.


Can’t Cut Out


A, BOG SPAVIN PUFF

THOROUGHPI’N, but 0’


'lﬂiulg'lt Y1,


1' iiiu'iu


will clean them oﬂ permanently, and

you work the horse same time. Does

not blister or remove the hair. Will

tell you more if you write. $2.00 per

bottle at d’lcrs or deliv’dBookinree.


ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind.

-~ $1I.ottle. Reduces Varicose Veins,Vnr-

icocele, Hydroccle, Ruptured Muscles or Liga-

ments, Enlarged Glands, Alloys pain quickly.


CALKINS & AUGSBURY, Proprietors, Byron, Michigan


Will You Spend One Penny

To Get at: Buggy Book That

Saves You $25 to $40 Cash?


US'l‘ a. penny will buy a. postal card and that is all that is re hired to et our free book Al '

your name and address on the postal card. We will send(lhe book grid pay the postage. l we want is


b Don t. pay your good money fora. vehicle or harness of any kind until you get this book

ecal‘lse it will quote you factory prices on the highest quality vehicles, sold direct. to you from ,

our Columbus factory, on a, full month’s trial, and two years’ guarantee.


This book, with its selling plan, has saved buggy users hundreds of thousands of dollars

on the best line of vehicles made anywhere by anybody.

hen you get the book, compare our buggies and harness wlth anybody elsc's and see

\ how much lower our prices are and how much better the quality. We


\ have proven the quality of the old. reliable Columbus vehicles to


ousands of thousands of buggy users everywhere, and want

to prove it to you, and,

‘\.\ Our Low Prices—One Full Month’s Trial


I


‘ and 2 Years’ Guarantee Will Please You


Make your selection from our complete line, all

sold direct to you from our factory at lowest rock-

bottom factory prices. Keep the dealers‘, jobbers‘ and


middlemen‘s profits right in your own pocket. Use the

money for something else. Don’t pay anybody for mck-

ing onto the price. Deal direct with the maker and save

money.


Will you write the postal today and get this book and

full plan Address


. Columbus Carriage & Harness Co.


Station C15 olumhus. 0.


B


refuse to foot the bill.


, A)!"


a, , May,

We... a»

viewer.»


J


COLUMBUS


W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F.. 63 Monmouth St. Springfield, Mass.


75 ISt‘yles

ShOWn In

Our Big

Free Book


NW


‘1


UGGIES


ABSORBINE
I 498 (6) _ ,


‘ POULTRY' i


“MAMA-AM“

EARLY SPRING TURKEY TALK.

During March and April we like to


resume familiarity with the turkey ﬂock,

after the winter has cﬁt short all visits

and caused the fowls to revert to their

naturally shy habits. As the breeding

season approaches it is a great advantage

if one can work about them undisturbed.

Now we try to get them accustomed to

coming from a distance at our call, and

usually part of the ﬂock grows tame.

enough to be fed from the hand. Later

in the season we find this a very great

advantage.


All thru March the ﬂock had scoured

over sixty acres of woodland. and not an

oak or other nutbearinar tree escaped

their attention. Down Under the leaves

they made a thoro search for acorns and

nuts. Probably many insects were found

hibernating. Certainly the ﬂock improved

amazingly in appearance, as do all kinds

of poultry at this season. And surely a

wonderful instinct leads these wise crea-

tures to hunt for the nuts, so rich in pro—

tein, probably the most concentrated veg-

etable food provided by nature, as the

laying season approaches.


Following their lead we cut off the sup—

ply of corn, and substitute a less fatten—

ing ration. Now is when it pays to spend

liberally for next fall's turkey crop. Not

‘much food is needed for the young poults

thru the summer, but they do need to be

started right. The egg should be the

best possible. \Vc can afford to keep only

the strongest and most perfectly ma-

tured turkeys for breeding stock. Then

they should hr, at this season, in the

very best of condition, and not too fat.

V’Ve feed a mixture of grains, wheat, oats,

peas, buckwheat, hemp and a very little

corn.


So far all the laying turkeys of our

own ilock have taken up nesting quarters

in tho haymowﬁa great advantage.

This was expected, as, after a light-


emphasise the (some idea. . "One woman,

to whom I wrote to verify a widely ad—


Vertised feat of hatching, in a certain‘


incubator, 25 turkeys from 25 eggs, an-

swered: “It is true. I did hatch 25 tur~

keys from 25 eggs. I can hatch them all

right enough if I could only raise them."


Turkey eggs do seem to hatch well in

incubators. We have not tried it, but

have advised customers who bot eggs

for hatching in the incubator to try and

have a turkey hen ready to brood the

young. We have yet to ‘hear of anyone

who has made a real success of brooding

them artiﬁcially.


The turkey‘s habits are quite different

from those of any other domestic fowl

except the guinea. Some day, as an

experiment, I mean to try letting the

guinea hen raise a brood of turkeys. It

has been demonstrated in Germany that

of all fowls the turkey makes the most

perfect stepmother for the young guineas.

It ought to work as well the other way.

Both range widely, eat the seeds and

insects from the top of the ground instead

of scratching for 'worms in the earth,

and both retain many wild character-

istics.


Many continue to try to raise turkeys

with chicken hens, and some seem to

have a certain amount. of success. But

for us and our turkeys we'll

Leave ’em alone and they‘ll come home

Bringing their young behind 'em.


Saginalw Co. E. H. MCDONAGH.


A SELF-FEEDING TROF FOR

- POULTRY.


That self-feeding devices for poultry

are proﬁtable, as well as labor and food

savers, is no longer a question but a

proven fact that has been demonstrated

on many poultry farms, both large and

small, during the past 12 months. The

Writer keeps several ﬂocks of White

chhorns, and uses the feeder shown in

the illustration. For each ﬂock of 5‘)

hens he builds the feeder from 12 to 14

inchcs wide, 4 inches deep, and 60 inches

long. The covcr, or top, is built of lath,

with 2-inch spaces between. The ends


ﬁnger-M1 midnight maraudr-r took one of

thcir number in the winter, the rust of

the Ilock went to the barn to roost.

Claiming its prolcction at night during,r

stormy weather, and oftcn at the {cedingr

hour, they naturally fool sale to nest

there. After the nest is well established

it is advisable to let the turkeys become

accustomed to onc‘s prscnwc about it.

“'9 rcmove thc eggs cach day, leaving.r

a china nest egg llislczltl.

Care of Turkey Eggs.


III order that the eggs shall not settle,

or the contents becomc i‘astcncd to the

Shell at onc side, all fowls turn their (2152's

in the ncst. So, whon tlu- cues are lllli-‘li

from them, nature should be- fol'owed as

closely as ])o<<illlc. 'I‘hvy should lw kept

in a modcralc temperature. .‘llllllld be

lightly co\'crcd, and turned cut-h day. A

box of bran Iuokcs a III‘.I(’lic:il and con—

venient l't’l't‘lllllt‘li‘. \thn it is lillcd put

on tho coym', tic :xt‘l'lll't‘lfu and thcn turn


l'llt‘ IIOX Ith‘I‘ cm‘ll (lily,


Altho the poull< ‘hatchcd curly in I\Iay

are apt to he soup-what handicapped by

wct weather, 1 like to sot Ihc lll'til bromly

turkeys. li‘ thclr llowks do come thru

wcll tlu-y u'o-t Huh :1 good start that tho

poults arc wcll maturml lu‘fnl‘g cold

wiiathcr ('ill("l:c-‘ thorn. and llcy make

idcal breedingr Flock. liut from most of

the llclls two clutches of cggs are Ob-


tained bct‘orc they arc allowed to sit.


As I related in detail a year ago in

the Michigan Farmer, half as many eggs

as are given to tho turkcy are given, 24

hours later. to a broody chickcn hen.

Then. at the last. by removing.r early

hatched poults and slipping the eggs

from the hen’s nest into the turkey‘s

nest, we manage to have all lurks burst

the shell under the turkey mother and

be properly brot up by her. Repeated

losses have convinced me of the futility

of anything butva turkey attempting to

raise the turkey’s young.


Reports from incubator hatched poult-s


are solid and hold in place by two small

hooks at cithcr end. The lath are nailed

to small 1-inch strips at the top and

also at the lower end.


The fowls may easily reach the food,

but cannot waste it. On our farm we

feed as great a variety as possible, and

for several days the hens will eat more

than usual, but soon they will eat less

than when the food is given on the

ground, at stated times. We always

have the floors of the houses covered

six to eight inches deep with straw, and

with night after the ihens have gone to

roost a good handful of small grain is

sw-Iltcrcd in the straw for each 10 or 12

birds. They seem to prefer scratching

for this fI-cd rather than cat from the

wit" I'm-dcrs, and will only eat from them

whcn hungry. III cvcry {lock will be

found a few gluttons that become ovcrl‘at

and do not pay for their kccp. rI‘hcso

should lw cithcr sold or killcd and catch.


Missouri. .I. l'). B.


WATER GLASS OR SODIUM SILICATE.


.'\n Hakland county subscriber com-

plains that his druggist does not know

of such a chcmical as water glass. which

some weeks ago. we recommended in an

:ll'ilclc in this department for use in pre-

serving cans. ll‘ tlu- subscribcr will read

the, article '1'1'fcl'l‘l‘tl to carcfully he will

Iind it stated that the chemical name of

this prcscrving Iluid is sodium silicait'.

by which name it will nndoubtcdly be

readily recognized by any well informed

druggist.


Names of Breeders Wanted.


Several readers who desire to secure

eggs have asked for information concern-

ing breeders of Bourbon Red turkeys.

We are not able to supply this informa-

tion and invite the attention of growers

of this breed to the desirability of carry-

ing a small advertising card in these

columns. We. have also had requests for

names of breeders of Black Spanish

chickens.


m... MICHIGAN FA


‘1


When we used to

lay that Congo 3-ply

/ would last ten years


people laughed and re-


plied that “Everybody

claimed that.” . When we

offered to guarantee such service they

said “Guarantees mean nothing-the

buyer can never enforce them.”


So we Went to the National Surety Co.

and paid them a. large cash premium to

issue a. Surety Bond With every roll of

Congo Rooﬁng.


These bonds give our customers a

real, substantial guarantee as good as a

government bond.


Ifthe customer’s own lawyer drew the

guarantee he could not devise an instru-


CHICAGO


UNITED ROOFING AND MFG. CO.


535 WEST END TRUST BLDU.. PHILADELPHIA. PA.


1r PRortcrsltIu ABSOLUTELY


A Guarantee Without a Loophole


ment that would give any better pro-

tection.


It is because Congo is so tough, per-

re'ct and durable that the National

Surety Company is willing to standback

of it. They know that we use the best

materials and the best mobbed: and that

we watch and inspect every roll. Then

we wrap it for domestic use just as care-

fully as If it were destined for Moda-

gascar or Thibet, and you get perfect,

undamaged rolls every‘ inch of which

you can use.


The man that buys COngo gets the

most value for his money and takes no

chances.


We will send you a copy ofthat guar-

antee on request—also a. sample of

Congo Rooﬁng free.


Successor to

Buchanan Foster Co.


SAN FRANCISCO '


We also sell NITRATE OF SODA,

ACID PHOSPHATE.


P t ct Y ur Chicks

_

j 1

I that keeps off the dreaded

Mink, Weasel, Lice

an thing like it. Exclusive pattern made and sold

knock-down. Easily stored.

Trup,La.ying and Sitting Nests, Non-Freezing Drink-


. 7‘ — They have the snug

W ‘ " * - '

..-. u .; ll:lllllllllllllllllllllllllm warm dry tumors In

' V. .. ..~.l this Mugs...“ Coop


11 ’ . roup and makes them

El”- Safe from Rats,

and Mites

All galvanized iron and steel. No other broods!

nny by us. Adds 100 per cent to proﬁts, keeps

down cost and expense t poultry raising. Shipped

Write for m. booklet today fully describing this

coop; also our M ta] Feed Coops, Combination

ing Fountain, Egg Carrier and Medicated Charcoal.

Des Moines Incubator Co.. 255 Third St.. Du Mm. In.


—

AGENTS WAN TE


We offer the best. goods for the lowest prices and most reasonable terms.


SULPHATE and MURIATE o‘f POTASH.

AGRICULTURAL LIME. ’


age Write for Prices and Terms. ‘9]


THE BUFFALO FERTILIZER (30., Ste. A, BUFFALO, N. Y.


11 full 1' ’

t()(Isif’hiz'h clasllne Feﬂmers


E GG s —nght Brahma. White Wyaudotte and

B P. Rocks 81 a. setting, 01.50 for two

settings. 1!. D. BISHOP. Route 85. LakeOdeanchh.


’ Single Comb n. I. RedI, 31.00

per 15. c. J. WILCOX.

I ALLEGAN, MICE.


—Eggn for hatch-

Barrod Pl mouth Rocks 1.... m... 15 for

51:26 (or 01.50: for 02.50: .4 per hundred. Satlafnc

tlon guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie, Coopersvllle. Mich.


—M. B. TURKE

E G G S DUCK. BARRE‘D. 1;?)ng


HUPP FARM. Blnnlnlhaln. Mlcll.


s. c. w. LEGIIORNs-ssg,ogg,rg,s

100 for“. Buy of th h 1 ct' ' '

only. GILMAN A. ea?ﬁ£’u?cl§'.i.2.‘lﬁenil§i.‘f


SINGLE and R. C. Black Mlnorca Eggs—02 & 01.50.

per 15, (Northrup Stock). lino lame birds, scoring

from 94% to 95%. I). C. Huggett, Grand Ledge, Mich.


Bee Hives, Sections, Foundation, Smokers,


Etc. We keep everything the bees need. and all Root’s

goods. Semi for our 1909 catalog. Cash paid for

beeswax. Prompt attention given to your order.

M. B. Hunt & Son. Condit St" Lansing, Mlch.


S 0 BLACK Mlnorca. eggs at 01.50 per setting 01

- - 15. P. C. Pigs sin ly or in pairs of the heel

breeding. R. W. M LLS, Saline. Mich.


SILVER LACED GOLDEN and White Wynndotteu

and Barred Plymouth Rocks. Eggs 01.60 per15.

02,50 for 30. C. W. BROWNING. Portland, Mich.


RED 1mmIce-We mm a...


baby chicks only 150

each, 015 Mar 100 and up. Prize Winners Cincinnati,

Chicago, ndlannpolls, Kansas City. Milwaukee. De-

troit, Toledo. Eggs 82 to .20 per 15. Owner CHICA-

GO KING, world‘s greatelt Red male. High grade

eggs and chicks to a few parties on ashare basil. half

price. EDWIN B. CORNISH, Edwardsburg. Mich_


“MONEY IN EGGS”


q C. BROWN Leghorn—My method and farm

l . range has developed layers with vigor. My

eggs produce layers. One-third fancler's price

and better layers. 81 per 80. $2 per 60. 83 per 100, .5

per 200, 87 per 300. J. E. McARTHY. n.3, Enﬂeld, Ill.


C. and 8. C. Rhode Island Red and Columblan

- Wyandotte-Eggs. 81 per 15. $5 per 100, $2.75 per

50. DUEL]. BROS.. Ann Arbor, Mich.


BEST IN MICHIGAN EGGS—Mover 15'

0 Big Business Barred

Rocks. White. Silver, Golden, But? Wynndottes.

lthode Island Reds, Leghorua. it Humburgs all var-

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ity matings 81 per 15.$5 per 100. Ducks, Pcklns, Rou-

cna, Aylesburya,1pdian Runner, M uscova. $1 per 13.

E. J. HASKINS. Plttsford. Mich.


FOR SALE—Barred Bock erg 15 for 31.00:

84.00 per 100. No other kind

kept. A. C. FREEMAN. Ypsilanti, Mich.


FXTRA BUFF Rock C'k'ls and eggs: best Mam.

J Toulouse Geese in State (eggs). Choice Glndloh

Bulbs. WILDBANK. Box 108. Adrian. Mich.


EST STRAIN R. C. R. I. Reds. Eggs each. A


pens, 10 cents: B rena. 8 cents; C pens. 5 cents.


Gray African Geese world's best eggs. 40 cents each.

W. T. FRENCH. Ludlngton, Mich.


' I i an. 11 -

WM. 'Iandom E833 32133383353 “pg: 15 or die


person“. A. Franklin SmIth, Ann Arbor, Mich.


S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS 0‘” E" C"-


- c u I: r n o w

ready, it's free. Big Birds—Greatest Layers. 15

cockerels yet for sale. FEED MOT’I‘. Lansing. Mich.


SINGLE 00MB WHITE LEGHORIIS‘ES” ‘0' hm“-


lug. Price, 15 (or

.1; 28 for £1.50; 50 for 02.50; M per hundred. Satisfac-

tlon guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie, Coopersvllle. Mich.


DOGS.


FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS


of the best English strains in Ameri-

ca: 40 your: experience in breeding

these ﬂue bounds for my own sport.

I now offer them for sale.


end Itnmp for Catalogue.

T. B. HUDSPETII, Slhluy. Jukson Cm, lo.


OLLIEB for Service—Two Registered sable and


white prize winners and stock workers. No pup-

pies at present. W. J. ROSS. Rochester. Mich.


Three Daily Papers


—_—__


For those who would like to have

three daily papers 3. week, we have ar-

ranged with the New York Thrice-a-

Week World so that we can offer it with

the Michigan Farmer a. year for'only

$1.40; that is. both papers a. year each


for that price. Send orders to us or


thru our agents.


THE MICHIGAN FARMER,

Detroit, Mich.
. MAY 1.1969. "


wv‘rvvvvvﬁVYVYYYYVYYYYYYY


, lHORTlCU-IQTUREi


AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAAA


may be had this fall.

set as soon as possible in ri

SOME OF THE THINGS FOR EARLY ought to be in every home


MAY. Wayne Co. ' J.


SPRING WORK IN THE

BERRIES.


Just so long as winter weather keeps

skulking over into the zone of spring,

just so long it will be hard guessing as

to where we are at. But the promise


Adjusting the mulch in‘th


of seedtime and harvest is always ful- beds is the ﬁrst spring work among the


ﬁlled sooner or later, and summer time plants, and it iS DOW time

will come by and by in a more or less this for If It is left too 1011

belated and dilapidated condition.


» THE MICHIGAN FARMER.

The Bohemian or Maliner Kren will make

fine; large‘roots'if set now. _This is an woven

early and' large sort and good ’sized roots

They should be


Under will be weakened unless the mulch is


silken envelope.


garden. going to other trees when one has beeni

E. MORSE. stripped.


The female moth has white wings with

STRAW- a spread of about one and a half inc-he


with brown hairs.

e strawberry livers and are attracted by lights.


g the plants If other food fails, it will feed


present conditions, the wisest thing to very thin so they will come up thru it. oak.


do is to watch closely the hardier sorts We have used marsh hay Chieﬂy for

and get them started just as soon as mulch and one has to be more careful


possible. about, this smothering the

see many of the ﬁrst early crops well they Will NOt come up thru

under way even in the open ground; but as thru a straw mulch.


this year they will evidently be in the

minus quantity. Unfortunately, time is to part the straw above

never lags and the days, whether hot or they are narrow or t0 remo

cold, get here just the same.

order to circumvent Jack Frost in every Wide- The plants Will work

way possible we should put out the hardy TGSL After they are WGll


plants, as cabbage, lettuce, onions, etc., well to go over the patch again to see


just as soon as large enough and thus that there are 1‘10 1313005 who

give those requiring protection more is too thick to enable the Dh

room. ’l‘omatocs, peppers,

ete, will require to be held until all pos— plants, and COVGI‘ bare Space

sible danger of frost is past. This will


have to be done even at the expense of cult as the hay does not part as readily

transplanting under cover a second time and it is usually necessary to raise it up


to prevent too much growth. Thus it is in “ﬁlms from 0V9? the TOW


very likely that, under the present ar- between them, tramping it down to pre-


rangements of the weather clerk, the “ht hlmvimx. This work In

hotbeds, if we have them, will have to on a quiet day, and it is bes


So, in it and lay bet-ween the I‘OWS if they are


it as readily following reasons:


1. Not only are the broods larger but

With straw about all that is needed tile individual larvae are of greater size


the rows if and can do more injury.

ve a part of 2.


started it is come with it.


re the mulch tation, the caterpillar is


ust: be done an enormous expense in fighting them.

t done when

brown—tail gets a foothold,

Would be the destruction of the winter


are even that with the weather unsettled not be so apt to blow it. if it can be Hosts and the tlioro spraying of thc trees

the 0]”th to rapid growth and quick done shortly before a quiet rain this will during the spring with arscnatc of b-al

maturity will be less frcquent than in settle the hay and help to hold it. Last using live pounds in fifty gallons of water.


ordinary years. ycar we were much annoyed

Making the Best of It.


By a little thot and some extra labor


compensate for late starting. First of all lillllt'd Upon the row while

the hotbcds will require careful attention l'l"i\\’(‘€'n I‘OWS is ('lllt‘lvatcd.

for whenever the sun “do" shine now it DOVPI‘ practiced this (‘lllilvati


by the high \\'hilc libs inst-ct will undoubtedly gain


winds blowing thc mulch from the patch. a foothold in Alli-high“ in time. the «vi!

If cultivation is to be given it should can be postponed if all trees shippcd into

much may be, dono to hasten growth and be done at this timc, t‘hc mulch bcinhr the stale arc t-xamincd.


Anything re-

thc, space smubling the winter nests described above

“'0 have. should lu- investigated thoroly.


on of bcar— Careful watch should also be kept for


will be ﬁerce, so they must have plenty ins beds and doubt if it is a paying prac- “10 egg clusters of the gipsy moth. Thev


of air and water and. very likely, glass live in beds that were tho:

will have to be removed entirely at times, 0111. in the full.

as a few hours will sometimes cause Calhoun C0.

much damage. Then, too, the soil will

require frequent stirring to prevent crust

formation, which will sometimes occur

in a very short time under just the right

conditions.


Lima beans, melons, both water and culture that winter “nests” of


S. B.


Early in January reports w


musk, had better be started where they tail moth containing live caterpillars had

(45m bc pl‘otccted, and lacking the hot- been found upon seedling fruit-stocks im—


beds, any sunny spot, as windows, warm llUi‘lOd from Fl‘ilm‘O- The

attics with plenty of light, in fact, any moth is very destructive and


place affording light and warmth will great deal of damage in Massachusetts the same height,


answer. Thu most convenient thing, and where it has been for ten


the best with which I am acquainted, for soon as notice of the danger was re-

this work jg turnips or bugus cut in ccivcd, all the Michigan nurseries using

halves and dug out. Fill with good soil French SitM‘kS were notified, -

and keep moist; they can be easily moved lhi’m obtained their StOCk from the same standard sorts of apples should not

from place to place to catch all the sun- SUUI‘CG as did ~the New York nurseries. well 011 clay loam or sandy gr


shine possible and when ready for the UP t0 the DTP-$01112 time abOu

open ground plant them, shell and all, have been found. Each nes

and there will be no check whatever, oc- abou

casioned thru disturbing the roots. Ex- readily seen, especially as n


cepting beans, all the seed can be soaked shipment examined thus far has lwcn wcll.


and thus much time can be gained. Pour found infested.

on hot, but not boiling, Water until cov-

ered, let stand until cool and cover again, the seedlings to which they a

repeat two to four times according to Ili‘t‘ burned, together with t

nature of the seed, and they will grow limit‘l‘izll. 21nd the

quickly.

Early sweet corn and the earlier sorts “Willy with water.

of wrinklcd peas ought to go in this The nests consist of


THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH.


from the New York Department of Agri-


250 larvae, and the danger can be (-lhy so“ than


“'hcn nests are found, the nests and

remaining

— dippcd in a miscible oil, diluted one to 1 would prefer fel— the heavier


leaves

week, and there will be little danger bound together by silken threads so as Northern spy, gimp hm],


‘oly clcancd are ncarly round, flattened, an inch or


more in diameter, and are covered Willi


HARTMAN. line yellow hairs. This is even more


to be feared than the brown-tail moth


as it feeds upon every kind of vegetation.

Agrl. College, Mich. L. R. TAFT.

WINTER APPLES FOR CENTRAL


MICHIGAN.


ere received


the Brown-


What kind of winter apples would you

Brown—tail plantt on claylloam where the govern-

‘ r men survey Slows an elevation of 912

hdS done ‘L icct; also, on sandy and gravclly land of

. ‘ ()n the clay soil above

years. AS mentioned btcclc Rods do not appcar to

do as well, as they fret-2c back in the

Wintcr.


Livingston Co. C. II. HILL.


I know of no reason why any of the;


as many of


do

avelly loam

t and cannot see

led should kill back more on‘-

on sandy soil, as I havcl

seen them on both kinds win-re they did

The only distinction 1 Would niako’

is that I should plant the slowcr growing

kinds, like the \Vagcncr, on the hcavicr

rc attached soils and the fast growingr ones like the

he packing" Spy on the lighter soils.


Socdlings


t 500 nests at an elevation of 912 fcc

t contained .why Stcclc


early every


Jonathan, Grimes (loldcn and \Vagcncl‘,

soil, but


would not hesitate to plant any of tho

iighllV standard an‘icllcs such as ‘:iill(l\\'ln,

lrccniug or


from ordinary cold if the seed is well i0 resemble It grayish white COCOOH- 'l‘hf‘y llubbardston on either kind of soil.


soaked or even started in growth. Caro are generally three or four


must be taken to covor the peas Shal- and are securely held in place by stout


low this 0“er clsc they will rot. 'l‘lio silken cords loopcd around th

wrinkled sorts contain much sugar and llili‘hh‘: the winter ihl‘l' Will l


so are very tcndcr; but the soaking and contain about 2:30 larvae, about one—fourth

light covering will pull them thru safely of,an inch in length, which hibernate


under all ordinary conditions. Snap or within the nests, safe from col

butter beans can also be planted but Ohi‘miC‘S.

light, warm soil should be sclccted and “rhon warm weather comes


inches long Eaton Co. T. A. FARRAND.


c brnnchcs.

w found to


PYROX rm ) l m (172s PERFECT

Fl‘tt'l’l‘.

Chris King, Rushvillc, Ind., writes:

d and other “I used I‘lisparcnc and Pyrox last sea—

son, The late frosts killed so much of


the larvae HHI‘ bloom that I thought it Would


together and covering them with a closely

When warm

weather comes the caterpillars emerge

and at ﬁrst feed on the opening buds and

ch soil. They later on upon the ﬂowers and leaves


.V

l


worthless, no matter"


with the end of the abdomen covered

The moths are strong


The brown-tail moth is particularly in-

to look after jurious to the pear and other fruit trees.

upon

forest trees, being especially fond of the


As compared with the common canker

worm which sometimes does much harm

plants as it to the apple and elm trees, the brown—

Ordinarily the ﬁrst week in May ’Should does not lie so loosely over them and tail is much more to be feared for the


While the canker worm is gencrally

held in check by insect parasites, those

up thru the of the brown-tail moth are not likely to


3. Aside from the, injury done to veil“-

covered with

ints to come long barbed hairs which, penetrating the

egg plantS, thru, and to work the mulch about the skin and poisoning the blood, may causw

5, the entire body to be covered. with a rash

With marsh hay the work is more difﬁ— not unlike that produccd by poison ivy.


In case the insvct is allowed to got

a foothold in the state, it will not only

5 and lay it result in a great loss to owners of or—

chards and woodlots but will put them to‘


The trcatmcnt of the infested tl-t-«vs, in

do long service this season. This may tlic hay is Wi‘t 01‘ damp as it Will handle ("”0 ”‘9

not prove so bad after all, for the chances livlltxp and pack down so tho wind “'lll


. o 499’ .1-


Y 0U use Earls.

Green to kill

bugs; if. it doesn’t it’s


how green it looks. ‘

C T Reynolds 86 Co


Paris Green isn’t adulter-

atcd; it’s pure and strong

and does What you get it for. '


We make paints the same

way—for the house, barn,

wagon, implements—a long

service paint will save your

purse.


Write us for the name of a

good dealer near you if yours

won’t supply you.


Devoc 8c Raynolds Co


176 Randolph Street

l Chicago

Ask for our “Paris Green” booklet


'HURSTSPR‘E‘ESS


0N FREE TRIAL. No money in advance. Pay

when convenient. Doubles your crop. Prevents hhght,

scab, rot, bugs. Spray FIRST, then pay us out oletra

Profit. Powerful pressure. Cyclone agitation. Strong

and durable. rass valves, plunger, strainer. etc.

Guaranteed 5 years. \Vholesale prices. We pay ~

freight. Write us which machine you prefer, and get ,-

free Spraying Guide. Catalog, , . '

'\ and toe Sprayer ()ﬁcr ‘

‘le firstin yourlocality. ~..

- w H. L. HURST. '17“ l'

ms. 00.. ;. -


:22“ ‘ -‘ -..


. .-.\ _

PRAY Your Fruits. Crops.

Poultry Houses. and

do whitewashing thh The

AUTO-SPRAY. Factory rice

and guaranteed to satisfy. Fm; with

Auto-Pop Nozzle does the work of three

ordinary Sprayers. Used by Experiment ,

Stations and 800,000 others. We make ,,

manyst Ice and sizes. Spraying Guide *

Free. rite for book, prices and Agency ‘ ’ ‘

0&8" The E. C. Brown Co.

32 Jay Street. Rochester, N. Y.


5L5!!!) PROFIT “83' CIDER, "


Write for our free catalog which fully

dolcribol and illustrates The Original

MI. 6 I load Hydraulic

CIDER PRESSES

For custom work in your locality

they are money nmkerl. Built in '

sizes It) to 400 barrels per day.

Band or power. Also Ste-m

Evaporators, Apple - Butter Cookers,

Vinegar Generators, etc. We can show

you how 81,500 clear profit can be made.

Ilyduullc Pram Mtg. 00., ll“ Lincoln Ave“ It. Gilead. Ohio.


The most approved presse ‘ ,

and other machinery for . ,' —

large manufacturers’ or cus-


tom work. Easiest operated

and most economical. Send

to r free catalogue.


Tu: Boamm & Boscumt e.


arss Co.

472 Water st. Syracuse, N.


Destroys Scab on Pc-

S'K‘A'B S'K'O'O'T tatoea, non-poisonous

and in powdered form. Ask your dealer or address

PAY’B 849943 legp-O-T 00:. Detroit, Mich.


‘ Th‘tTCLiPTizR


There are three things that de

, stroy your lawns, Dan

delions, Buck Plantain

and Crab Grass. In one

season the Clipper will

drive them all out.


(-\'91] then, too extensiveoplﬂnlingg had crawl out and, feeding on the leaves, soon hardly pay 10 spray this year; however,


better not be made until more settled attain their full size.

weather is assured.

early for the ﬁrst summer squashcs, and thh ('0101‘ and have :1 br


they will gain time by being startcd under line along either side of the back.


shelter.


sown at once.

seed March 23d, in the open ground and silken COC'oons

altho it has been covered with snow and branches,

hardfrozen several times they came on which stage they emerge as


all right, thot rather slow, and have now July. The eggs are deposited in clon— were as good.


made good growth. gated, reddish, hair—covered


The ground should be stirred around the under side of the leaves

all plants as frequently as possible. It latter part of July.

lets in the sunshine and air and tends to August and the caterpillars

warm the stil and give it new life and the upper surface of the lea

vigor. short time they begin the f0


Why not try a few roots of horseradish? their winter nests by drawing


Any of the hardy sorts of vege_ are also two red spots near the rear end. mark 01‘

tables that are not already in should be BY the end of June they have reached 3'1th the


They hatch during not


They are then 1 did so and killed all the jnsppts and

This week is plenty nearly two inchcs long, of a ycllowish think I saVcd all tho fruit the frost


okcn \Vlllln left.

There (‘11


I pickcd S or ill bushels of l\Iaid-

Blush and did not lind one worm

blemish on \Vcalthy

SlilllO; my Golden


thcin;

Grimcs’


I sowed radish and lettuCe their full development and after forming WW0 (IS Dt‘i‘ff'l‘l, hOt EL worm mark on

near the tips

they change to pupae, from the barrel.


of the them. The Baldwins, not one worm to

Out of 12 bushels of Rome;

moths in Bcauly but one worm. All other kinds

Others in the ncighbor-

masses on hood who used Pyrox say they are con-

dm-ihg the vcrtcd. It is the stuff."


wash off the foliage like Parisl

feed upon Green, but sticks like paint thru even!

yes. In a heavy rains. We. endorse it. Addressl

rmation of this paper or Bowker Insecticide 00.,

the leaves Boston, Mass.


“Pyrex” dens ?


. . . . \

~ h


5: Per 8 "are —Wo will guarantee to put


q I any old leaky, worn-out.


rusty, tin. iron, steel, paper, felt or shingle root in


perfect condition, and keep it in perfect condition


or 50 per square per year.


R l The Perfect Roof Pronorvor. nuke: old,


worn-out roots new. Satisfaction guaranteed


UOfDF'X or money refunded. 0m- In. rooﬁng hook


telll all about it. Write for it today.


the Andersen lanulacturinu Cm. Dent. 30. Elyria. all.


01" ALL [(1an

Before ordering elsewhere

write us for our cataOISUe

and price list.


BERLIN FRUIT BOX (10..


Box G Berlin llel h

Erle 00.: ‘ lilac


SEED OATs-Grent Russian variety. Silver

Plume, no amut or rust. out yields


other kinds 10 to 20 bu. per acre. 81.00 per bu , hugs


free. J. C. BUTLER. Portland, Mich.
V‘s-ﬁt. .. an. e


. . Emu-4....-.» a...


The” Michigan Farmer

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a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

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The Lawrence Pub. Co.,

Detroit, Mich.


DETROIT. MAY 1. 1909.


by refusing


CURRENT COMMENT.


Frequent reference

Highway Law and has been made in

Sentiment. these columns touchn

ing the operation Oi

the present highway law, and the dis-

satisfaction which has resulted among

the people of many localities whcre it has

not proven a success. The latest instance

of this kind to come to our attention is

an ofﬁcial action which represents the

views of a majority of the electors pres-

ent for the transaction of routine busincs~i

in a Van Buren county township at the

recent April election. The consensus of

opinion among the voters of the town-

ship in question is pretty clearly estab-

lished by the fact that the following

resolution was adopted without a dis-

sculing vote: “Resolved, that the new

law creating the oﬁice of overseer of

highways to take the place of district

path-masters is wrong in principle. and a

failure in practice.” This ofﬁcially ex-

pressed sentiment is in line with many

Dl'l\;|if‘ protests which have been rc~

Ccle-d from progressive farmers am;

business men during recent months, but

which could not all be given space in the

Me‘ch'gan Farmer. Barring exceptional

cases, where the electors of the townships

liaVc been particularly fortunate in get-

iii‘ig able and cilicicnt men to fill the

oﬁiccs of commissioiwr and chrseer of

highways, and where they have been prm

vidcd with suilicicnt funds to do needed

repair work on the highways and some-

thing substanlial in the line of perma—

nent improvement, we believe that this

resolution above, quoted quite accurately

voices the sentiment of a majority of the

farmers of the state.

if this conclusion is an accurate one,

then the condition is one which should

be remedied by suitable legislation. In

view of the very general satisfaction

which attended the working of the plan

in force in several townships in the state

before the passage of the p'i'esent high-

way law, it has seemed that that plan,

which provided for four road districts in

each town and four overseers of highway

who were constituted a board. with the

highway commissioner, for the purpose

of discussing and laying out road im-

provement work, each one being respon-

sible for the work in his own district


and all being responsible to the commis—


sioner and the. township board, would .be'

an' excellent. plan for: adoption t'hruout

the state. Some legislators were of that

Opinion and early in the session advocated

the plan, but it was found upon consulta-

tion that nearly every member held a.

different opinion with regard to amend—

ments to the highway law which would

best please his constituency. Owing to

this fact there now seems to be quite a.

general sentiment among the members of

the legislature to make the law in a way

optional with the townships so far as the

number of overseers to be elected is con-

cerned and it is prophesied by some who

are in a position to judge accurately that.

the law which is in preparation to cover

every phase of the present highway

statutes, with such amendments as seem

to be advisable to the committee having

the same in charge, will contain this fea-

ture when it is ﬁnally reported out for

the consideration of the members. But

just what provisions it will contain when

ﬁnally enacted cannot be prophesied with

any degree of accuracy, since it will be

the result of a compromise which will

secure for it the support of a majority

of the members of both ‘houses or fail

entirely of passage.


Since there is such a, general interest

in this proposition among the farmers or

the state, this is a particularly opportune

time for everyone so interested to advise

his representatives in the state legislature

touching his views on this important

question, as ﬁnal action upon this propo-

sition will doubtless be taken within the

next month and probably within next

fortnight if at all during the present ses-

sion of the legislature.


A report recently transmit-

Our State ted to the senate by the com-


Lands. missioner of the state land

ofﬁce, at the request of that

body, contains some interesting ﬁgures


touching the lands, the title of which is

still vested in the state. This report

shows that there is primary school land.

still unsold, to the amount of 13,646.41

acres, having an appraised value of $1 it

per acre; 9.2i9.19 acres of swa-mp lands,

with an appraised value of $1.31 per acre.

and 500,146.46 acres of tax homestead

lands, with an appraised value of $1.38

per acre; the aggregate value of the lat—

ter mentioned class of lands being $689,-

718.71 at the average appraisal men-


tioned. In addition to the lands so listed

there are 41,423.85 acres of lands held

under homestead cntry by settlers on


which ﬁnal proof has not been ﬁled and

deeds issued by the slate, which lands

are situated in 35 of our northern coun-

ties, varying in amount from a few hun-

dred to a few thousand acres in each.

There are small areas of asylum and salt

spring lands standing upon the books of

the state land olﬁcc as uncniercd, besides

some 9,264.11 acres of Agricultural College

lands remaining uncntcrcd upon the books

of the land ofﬁce, [with an average ap-

praised valuation of $2.77 per acre. Fig-

ures are also given showing that there

are now held by the auditor general as

delinquent tax lands an aggregate of

328,2 5.93 acres. Figures compiled to

ShOW the average percentage. of rever-

sions to the state of lands entered for

'homcstcad Show a wide variation in the

different counties, the average for the

counties being included in the compila-

tion being .117 pcr cent.


These ﬁgures will mean little to the

average, citizen who has not studied the

proposition of the best method of handling

the lands now held by the stale, and yet

some significant deductions can be made

from them which will afford proﬁtable

food for thot. As will be noted, the

average appraisal price for the tax home—


stcad lands held by the slate is $1.2:R_

or 13 ccnis above the original price for


which many of these same lands were

sold by the government with the valuable

timber which srood upon them. After

the timber had bccn removed these lands

were allowed to revert to the slate, ac-

cording to the ﬁgures given in this report

to an amount aggregating nearly 2.000,':00

acres. in round numbers. Of theso lands

something more than 1.100.000 acres have

since been purchased from the state for

investment or speculative purposes. and

nearly 400,000 acres have been home-

steadcd by actual settlers who have oe-

cupied the land for agricultural pur-

poses. It is to this class of purchasers

that the small percentage of reversions

to the state for non compliance with the

conditions imposed referred. In a tabu-

lated statement referring to the whole

state, however, it is shown that some-

thing over 150,000 acres of homestead

lands have reverted to the state as a

matter of record, a large proportion of

which having been entered by other set-


-'- :


tiers, thus reducing the percentage tot

homestead lands-still vested in theistatet

upi’m Which entry. has been ‘made'to the)

extent indicated by the'above percent?

ages. 01' course, much of the land pur-

chased outright lhas been utilized for agri-

cultural purposes and more is being Im-

proved for that purpose each year. Much

good agricultural'land still awaits such

improvement atthe hands of actual set-

tlers, but there are other areas which

the special forestry commission deems'it

desirable, as stated in their report, to

withdraw from sale and hold as forestry

reserve, in addition to that already set

apart for that purpose. While the re-

source is not a great one for the state,

yet, yet it should be conserved, and the

evolution of some comprehensive plan

which would promote the actual settle-

ment of the good agricultural lands and

the withdrawal of others from sale so

that they would not continue a source

of expense to the state by further rever-

sion as del'nquent tax lands would be

welcomed by the thinking citizen.‘ In

such an adjustment, however, great care

should be taken, lest an injustice be done

to communities already founded, which

might be isolated by an indiscriminate

withdrawal of state lands from entry or

sale. At ﬁrst thot it would seem to the

average student of this economic problem

that this danger would be scarcely more

iminent to the scattered settlers in some

of the sparsely populated districts of our

northern counties than that which con-

fronts them in the holding of lands by

speculators who are waiting for a. rise

in values, which will naturally be aug-

mented by the improvement of the land

around them. It must be remembered,

however, that these are productive lands,

so far as taxes are concerned, and the

local aesessing ofﬁcers can be depended

upon to save for the communities in

which they are located a fair percentage

of the proﬁts for the support of the local

municipalities. Then. too, they are gen-

erally for sale at a fair price, and often

afford the settler who owns land-s ad-

joining them a market for their holdings

in case they wish to sell. '


I'ndoubtedly the problem is a. knotty

one, but its best solution will be that

which will provide for the greatest degree

of private ownership by actual settlers,

who will utilize the lands for the pur-

poses to which they are best adapted,

and which will at the same time provide

for an adequate system of ﬁre protection

on state lands as well as privately owned

areas, to the end that destruction and

devastation may" not be visited upon the

settler as was the case in sections of our

northern counitcs las year.


HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.


Foreign.


It is reported that the Young Turks

have been successful in their move upon

Constantinople and in breaking the rule

of the old regime. The sultan has caoitu—

lated and given himself up to the election

of the parliament. The whole citv is

under martial law. The surrender of the

forces guarding the sultan‘s palace ended

the suspense 0f the inhabitants and it is

probable that business will be slowly rc-

sumcd. The Young Turks were respon-~

sible for the adoption of the constitu-

tional government a number of months

ago. Since then the old regime have

opposed the new order and hopes to

return to the old ways. During the pres—

cnt month it was announced that a return

to the, old form of government would be

consumated. The Young Turks arose to

dci'cnd the constitution and the success

of this week is the result.


\Vhilc Turkey is struggling under in-

ternal troubles, Russian troops are in~

vading l’crsia with the consent of Eng-

land to quiet the turbulent condition of

affairs there where the people are also

divided over the question of sustaining

a constitutional government.


The Swiss government will soon take

over the control of the. railways of the

St. Gotthard railway system. Inasmuch

as the present organization is paying a

higher rate of wages than the govern-

iiii‘llt controlled railways it is anticipated

that the oilicials will have trouble as

soon as the change is made. Italy and

Germany are also demanding a reduction

in freight tariffs. If these demands are

granted the receipts of the roads will be

greatly cut down.


Former Vice—President Fairbanks ad-

dressed the Hawaiian legislature on Mon-

day of this week.


The Belgian ofﬁcials refused to allow

French strike leaders to speak at Brus-

scls last Sunday.


Secretary of \Var Dickinson is enroute

to the Panama canal zone where he will

study the progress that is being made

with the work and familiarize himself

with conditions there.


The French government is charging the

Crcusct Company with furnishing poor

material in the construction of warships.

Considerable trouble has been given the

government from this source and the

officials have. decided to take the matter

into the courts.


At the meeting of the city council of

Copenhagen, Denmark, last Monday. no


less than seven women assembled with


the fathers: as gamers .of-‘fiie"'clty"legi§


ﬁt‘


letinmodyig _; . .3 ‘1 ~- .

~'A machine has been" invented therefore-

tells ‘ the occurrence of earthquakes. A]

Frenchman conceived the principle upqn

which the "instrument works, he having

discovered that there was a different

class of waves than the mechanical ones

that preceded the earthquake. These

latter waves occur about four minutes

before the disturbance. happens. T-wo re-

cent disturbances were foretold by the

instrument with great accuracy.


While no fatalities resulted, the inhabi—

tants of Lisbon, Portugal, were badly

shaken up last week by an earthquake.


One of the largest fur seal herds for

many seasons is now passing Sitka.

Alaska, and the inhabitants are making

a rich harvest. Japanese poachers are

also following the herd.


The German and Prussian governments

will ﬂoat loans to;the amount of $202,—

000,000 to cover the deﬁcit in current

receipts.


Colonel Roosevelt with his retinue of

followers is now in camp in Africa and

ready to look for big game. The season

is damp and promises to be a good one

for the purpose of the popular hunter.


A meeting of representatives of Pales-

tine since the outbreak against Armen-

ians about Adana and the conﬂict about

Constantinople have ordered a declaration

that t hedistrict will sue for independence

unless the recently adopted constitution

is supported.


National.


A conference was held in Detroit last

1week for the purpose of promoting closer

trade relations with Canada. Resolutions

and representatives were sent to Wash-

ington to urge upon Congress the im-

portance of providing for such accommo-

dation. The movement is urged among

other things upon the ground of conser-

vation of the resources of the two

countries.


Ex-Senator William H. Stewart, of Ne-

vada, died in Vl'ashingt-on, D. 0., last

Friday morning at the age of 82.


The 120th anniversary of the inaugura-

tion of George VVashlngtop as president

of the United States will be celebrated


in the city of Alexandria, Va., this week‘


with President Taft and other members

of the administration in attendance.


Eight men were lost by the sinking of

a towboat forty miles below New Or-

leans on the Mississippi River.


Two Japanese cruisers of the training

squadron of the Mikado arrived at San

Pedro, Cal., last Sunday. Other ships are

following. This is the ﬁrst time in ten

years that Japanese vessels have entered

any port of the United States.


The attorney general of Connecticut

has decided that the title of governor

goes to Frank B. Weeks. He ﬁlls the

vacancy caused by the death of Governor

Lilley. .


Rear—Admiral Miller who took part in

several engagements in the war with

Mexico and the late civil war died in New

York city last Monday.


The counties of White and Jackson, of

Indiana, were voted “dry” last Monday.


An attempt is being made to grade

the schools in the canal zone of Panama.

The. many nationalities represented makes

the work difﬁcult.


It now looks as if the difference be-

tween the mine owners and the miners

would be adjusted this week.


It appears that the state is having

difﬁculty in getting evidence to prove its

case against Mrs. Boyle, who is charged

with the kidnapping of Willie Whitla in


. March. The case will be delayed perhaps

till the June session of court at Mer-

cer, Pa.


A bomb was exploded in the south

tower of the St. Louis cathedral at New

Orleans, Sunday, and much damage was

done the structure. The building is over

a hundred years old. having been built

,when Louisiana was Spanish territory.


The U. S. Government has just awarded

a contract to the Coopersville Creamery,

Coopersville, Mich., for supplying 150.000

pounds of butter, put up in three pound

scaled tin cans, for the navy department.

This butter must score, 94 points and

must be made from pasteurized milk and

cream. The butter must be manufactured

within 90 days from May 15th.


CROP AND MARKET NOTES.


Shiawassee Co.—Plcnty of light show-

ers accompanied by a heavy and damp

atmosphere. Roads in good condition

spring work. Roads in good condition

considering the excessive rain fall. Many

farmers are. putting down hundreds of

rods of tile. Very little water standingr

on crops. Wheat is coming on in excel-

lent condition ai‘tcr the rains. Rye is

green and thrifty. New seeding is taking

on new life, but the young plants Show

the effect of lack of covering during tho

hard winter. Many farmers are cleaning

up their orchards and intend spraying.

The apple, crop is paying a fair profit and

farmers desire. to have some of the goods.

Spring seeding. of clover is well under

way. Farmers are giving more attention

to the selection and testing of their soul

corn this spring than ever before, believ-

ing that a better stand of plants can is

secured. Some farmers plowing for spring

crops on high land. A large crop of

potatoes will be grown in this locality

this spring for the early market. A large

quantity of hay being moved for feeding

purposes. Lambs that were on feed are

about all gone, to market. 'A. few bunches

of late, lambs have arrived for late spring

market. Not as many hogs in the coun-

try as last season.


Gratiot Co.—VV'hcat looked dead until

about the 10th, when a good rain changed

the outlook. The past two weeks have

been wet and it looks 80 to 90 per cent

favorable for a good crop. Only a few

have sown any cats. The torrents that

fell on the evening of the 18th will make

it impossible to get on the ground, even

witllrza week of good weather. Eggs—hold

at c. .
LITERATURE

POETRY ‘


HISTORY an?


INFORMATION


‘17Ie FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL


'l‘his Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere


THE SALT OF THE EARTH—BY JAMES COOKE MILLS.


LL the world needs salt, and in

A spite of the fact that it is one of


the most commonplace products,

having centuries ago established itself as

indispensable, but little is known by the

millions of consumers regarding the

sources from which it is obtained, and

still less of the value placed upon it in

many countries.


'In some countries of Europe, and in

most of Asia, salt is a monopoly that the

government does not want broken, and

in others there are some secrets of pro-

duction worth guarding. It is a govern-

ment monopoly in Austria—Hungary and

Turkey, and even the statistics of pro-

duction of the latter conntry are not:

available for publication. It is not un-

reasonable, either, when the vast amount

used is considered, that nations and pro-

ducers should want to know all that can

be learned about salt. It is considered

an essential food and a component: part

of the blood. The, last report sent out

by the government places the consump—

tion in the United States at 27,117,225

barrels annually, or about a barrel for

every three persons.


Salt 'is such a common, substance that

few persons take the trouble to tind out

anything about it, yet there is much

romance and history about salt. The

Jews offered it to Jehovah in covenants.

Homer called it divine, and it ﬁgured in

the banquets of the heroes. Tacitus

tells us that the most bitter \varfares

Waggg, bymthe ancient Germans with the

Romans were in protection of their saline

springs. Since then many nations have

fought for salt supplies. The most cruel

exactions ever made were in the name

of salt taxes in France and other parts

of Europe. To many of the Orientals

the substance was sacred and is so even

to this day. To the Sudanese it is the

most valuable thing he could possess; he


i l


aka-ngum-WM “W.“ a... A Me... a...


will give anything that he has for a lump

of salt, even gold.


The word is preserved in our language

when we speak of a man as “The salt

of the earth.” That very good word, sal-

ary, is derived from the Romans requiring

their soldiers to take part of their pay

in sal (salt).


Probably n0 process of salt production

equals in interest that of mining as car—

ried on in Austria and Roumania. In the

great Austrian salt country around Ischl

mines are show places and tourists are

carried thru them in cars for a fee. In

the valley of the Vistula, in Austrian

Poland, is an underground city ‘hewn

from rock salt. It was started a thousand

years or more ago and has today winding

streets, railway stations, churches, and

restaurants.


Roumania has four great salt mines.

Three of them are worked by Convict

labor. The \Yhite Hell they have been


m -


Grainers, Showing Steam Pipes and Automatic Rakes Beneath.


Hillsides of Salt—About 5,000 Barrels in Sight from Four Days’ Evaporation.


called. One of the most wonderful sights

the tourist sees is when a guide lifts a

trap door above this wonderful mine and

shows .him a great glistening ﬁeld of

white, hundreds of feetwbelow, about

which-men move, scarcely more than

dots of black. There were strange na-

tural frescoes upon the walls that as—

sumed all sorts of mysterious shapes,

beautiful decorative patterns, impossible

heraldic animals or Wild sea serpents.

The salt is hewn out from the floor and

sides in blocks by the convicts, then

crushed by hammers and sent on cars

to storehouses above.


Most of the great'discoverics of the

substance were mere accidents. Two

boys ﬁshing along the Kanawha rchr in

\Vcst Virginia filled a bottle with spark-

ling water that bubbled up in a spring

near the river bank. \Vhen they drank

it they were surprised to ﬁnd it was


salt water. The news of the discovery


spread and boring disclosed a brine well

that resulted in the establishment of the

ﬁrst and most prosperous salt works in

the state.


One of the largest of the rock salt beds

of Oklahoma was struck last year by a

ranchman who was driving a Well for

his cattle on the prairie. In blasting a,

tunnel on the «vest; side of the Utah

desert not far from Nevada, on the line

of the new railroad from Tionver t0 the

Pacific coast, the workmen were sur-

prised to tind that their dynamite, had

uncovered an immense deposit of pure

salt. An investigation showed that this

singular ﬁnd was ﬁfteen miles long and

ten miles wide, and if the sides are of

sufﬁcient strength to support the roof,

trains will pass thru glittering walls of

whiteness for almost the entire length of

the tunnel.


A hunter tramping over what he sup-

posed was a barren tract alongr the Salt

Fork river, thirty—ﬁve miles West of Enid,

()klahoma, kicked up a lump of salt. He

found that disturbed the

thin crust of earth over this waste land

he turned up more of the stuff. The

area. was uninhabited and unused and he

made up his mind to enter the tract as

a claim. Before he could carry out this

plan, however, the goVernment heard of

the ﬁnd and sent representatives of the

geological survey out to investigate. AS

a result the land was set aside as a.

saline reservation. It is a. lake of dry

salt about thirty square miles in area,

and the geologists assert that 100,000 bar-

rels of pure salt could be taken up With-

out disturbing the ground.


No state has made such progress in

salt production as Kansas. There is a.

vein of rock salt from 300 to 500 feet in

thickness running from north to south

at a depth of from 400 to 800 feet, and

about .70 miles wide. This has been


\\‘ll!'l‘t‘\'t'l‘ ho
502 no: ,_ ‘ '

tapped at a number of places. Hutchin-

son now claims the largest salt works hr

the world, and Anthony claims the pur—

est product. Salt was discovered in

Hutchinson during the great Kansas

boom of the later 80s, by a man named

Ben Blanchard. He saw the possibilities

of the business and went east to get

money. He started back from Terre

Haute, Indiana, with a full train of Pull-

man sleepers loaded with capitalists. He

had not a dollar to his name and when

the train reached Chicago the railroad

people held it up and sidetracked the

cars out by the stockyards, where it

stood for two days, while Blanchard went

down among the bankers to raise money

enough to get the train hauled thru. He

succeeded and landed his monied men in

Hutchinson and got them interested in

the scheme. .


The value of the salt deposits in. I'tah

and Nevada cannot be estimated, they

are so great in extent, and are as yet so

slightly developed. To one of the salt

lakes of Nevada farmers g0 once or twice

a year and, raking the bed for a settling

from the summer’s evaporation, get all

the salt they can 'haul away in a few

hour's work. On the desert of Southern

California salt is turned up in furroyvs

by disc plows and stowed in great ricks

like hay. Along the Pacific coast salt is

obtained by evaporation of the sea water.

In the spring 20.000 tons of the glistening

white harvest is gathered at San Pedro.

near Los Angelcs.


The effect of the loss of a local supply

of fuel is especially noticeable in south-

ern and southeastern Ohio. Without the

wood from neighboring forests it did not

pay to operate the Wells and hundreds

of pumps that in the early days were

active, are now in ruins. \Vhile the in-

dustry has fallen into the hands of big

operators and immense plants, there has

not yet been a successful combination

formed in the salt business. Salt seems

not to lend itself very willingly to trust

purposes. Nature, has apparcntly been

too liberal in her supply. New York,

which is the llrst state in point of pro—

duction, could alone supply nearly the

whole, llnitcd Slates. Michigan is such

a close second that she is about to claim

the first place, In lhcsc and the other

eleven states and two tcrritorics in which

salt is produccd on a commercial scale,

the great dues-lion has usually been not

one of supply but of sale for the product

so that the distribution ciitails the mini-

mum freight hziul.


l\/lichigan (i<'\'«*l(l})i‘(i hcr salt supply

early, because in this state the lumber

busincss and salt rclining went hand in

hand. in conncclion with many of the

saw mills salt wells \Vcrc sunk, and the

refusc and scraps from the saws were.

used for fuel to operaic the brine pumps,

while the exhaust steam from the main

cngincs was used in heating the brine

for evaporation. But with the depletion

of the forests this waste fuel has disap—

peared and as a result many of the old

wells have been plugged and the salt

blocks dismantlcd.


Iii-spite this; sci-back to the industry,

something lite {LSUHJJHII barrels of salt

was produced in Michican, in laws, with-

sivoolldum,


a \ai'ie of approéirratvly


\'Cl2~"o\'cr lil"l"' is Ilium! cxbunsr .slcziin


1.1m mannim fkrz‘ics in lhz- rock :-' iii dis—

trict. of tie :laiv lh- Hiliuc lll"Hill”l of

l' (, (-Etr‘l' ”my in Il'np‘ ' .l-ni ;=.'. f; profii,


H vw: i!) a i‘.l.l'ili‘(i :w-l- in i'w ow.-

)I'..l Ii' 1! c i'M-ul ml! \i, Hit.» ulnnu l‘irx

.in'tlo ‘. an}: S (‘i: r" rial-av pull on lhc

\ll‘S' rims". "‘ :‘I 59:, M ILTHMLIS‘ slczllll,

Zuzi Yuri‘i‘y : \" ~H l" w" " 11' the 1.: Wu"

[l,3'l.'i!, 1‘ l|"\‘ '.ll_ " '2 ';-',i :lvpi ggl‘l-p’iy'

illll” ll“ >,'.‘ '~ "l: " I"!!.I"'.l‘i[, \\'iii,

':,-,' ‘r. ”m l. ~ . - w hungry-”w, pom

{ram "."-'.lnv'..-- : . 2’ r: \t‘l'l : Il‘ il

l!;:"‘,".‘ I‘Hl'ﬁjiwwc {tip " i. lLIT‘l, NH!-


ii ll' .L’ i \ ‘ "d ilt'\\' t‘lilli'ti-lﬂ

tuilii ivifw’t' ll"~‘7«' .\ 17'}! 3! J»:.¢-y;.g;(,yv 1.; I!

adjunct 1;; *1: Saginaw _i"l‘({ll' Glass

\’\'Ul'i-;~ ll 3,. l': ile' i"4llli'."ll sol! 1vi:'i:i

n Alwyn-:1. in "a: I rumour nzlt a" il"\\

ficvlccp: and I'l:»tv>:!.cr'.’ for (""7lill7llit'ili


handlingr of tin- l:“’»ll'i"!, ’l‘hrn Hu- prim»

cipzil factors, rcinlorcwl (‘ulll‘l'clig wash-‘-

cxhansl steam and automatic machinrry

the cost of prr'nluction has bccn so r«-~

duccd that the burrcl in which it is

shipped costs twice as much :is the salt

within.


’l“hruont the plant. the scilillli: tanks,

Dre—heaters. gl'nillcrs, tloor of thc store.

house, and in fact every surface with

which the white crystals come in con«

tact. are constructed entirely of concrete

reinforced by ribs 0f (‘Xpandcd steel.

Every conductor and steam pipe. every

rake and metal. surface is heavily gal-

vanized to prevent the slightest rust.

And. with automatic machinery in opera-


tion, from the‘ brine to the salt packed in

the barrel no hand has touched a. crystal.

These features form a. sort of guarantee

of purity.


The salt wells, seven in all, are spaced

about 200 yards apart and are drilled 779

feet down to bed rock. In each ”drill”

house (as the well housing is called), is

a 71/2 H. P. electric motor to operate the

brine pump. Electric current is supplied

by generators in the power plant of the

glass works. The brine as it is pumped

is forced to an elevated tank of 200 bar-

rels capacity, and from there drawn off

by gravity to a ﬁlter located on top of a

settling tank. This device is twenty feet

square with numerous trays set one above

the other and about a foot apart, on

which are placed scraps of iron of odd

and curious shapes. The brine over-

ﬂowing the discharge pipe at the top

percolates thru the mass of ﬁltering ma-

terial and at the bottom runs off into a

settling tank. It is aerated and puriﬁed

in the process.


All brine is saturated with 84 tom) per

cent of salt but is more or less impreg-

nated with iron and other impurities. To

precipitate these impurities in the sett-

ling tanks the brine is treated to a

solution of lime and allowed to stand

several days, when it becomes as blue

and clear as an ocean expanse. It is

then pumped to concrete pre—heaters in

the salt block and heated by steam pipes

to about 175° F. From there it is drawn

to the graincrs, which are equipped with


ER. .

steam pipes» connected. with the exhaust

main Supplied with steam from many:

engines in the glass works. 'The hot

brine is here further heated almost to

the boiling point, when evaporation be-

gins. It is a most interesting process.

Watching the surface of the steaming

brine, a pellicle of salt forms which soon

breaks and sinks down, to be followed

by another, and the crystalization pro-

ceeds rapidly. In the concrete grainers

salt is made much more rapidly than in

the older wood grainers on account of

the concrete becoming so hot by the

maintained temperature of the brine that

it acts as an oven, and even goes on

making salt long after the steam is

turned off from the pipes.


As the salt settles to the bottom of the

grainer it is raked toward the front of

the block by automatic rakes and drawn

out on an inclined shelf to permit the

hot brine to run off. It is then dumped

over the edge of the shelf, by the rakes,

to a conveyor which takes it, by a series

of belts, to the storehouse adjoining and

there, raising it to the roof, deposits it

in a huge hill.


The storehouse has a capacity of 45,000

barrels and the piles shown contain about

5,000 barrels, the evaporation of four

days. The barreling. heading of the bar-

rels, marking, weighing, branding of the

heads is all done by machinery; and the

barrels are conveyed to the car door by

trolley hoists, thus reducing manual labor

to a minimum.


THEO DORA=BY IRMA B. MA’ITHEWS.


Synopsis of Preceding Chapters.——I)on—

ald and Theodora Hampton, son and

(laughter of a wealthy man and therefore

reared in luxury, are cndeavoring to settle

up the estate of their father after the

sudden death of the latter. Investigation

proves that, owing to unfortunate busi-

ness ventures late in life, their father

died a bankrupt. Naught remained to

them but the. household effects and a

piece of property in California which their

father had purchased some years before,

purely out of sympathy for the poor

widow who held it, and had deeded it to

liora. Their father‘s attorney, Mr. Ding-

ingham, takes steps to learn the Value of

the western property. He ﬁnds it to be

a small piece of land with a cottage on

it, for which an offer of $2,000 is secured.

At this juncture, Dr. Allen, the family

physician, advises Don that he must give

up school and live out of doors if he

would prolong his life. This unexpected

contingency brings about a decision to

more upon the western property. Prep—

orations are at once completed and the

journey made. They ﬁnd the property

—r—once a small fruit and Chicken ranch—

sadly neglected. but full in with a neigh-

boring family named Scott, the various

members of which rcndcr valuable aid

in converting the little place into a home.


The next two days they were busy

unpacking and arranging. It was then

that Lettie got some idea of what their

neighbors‘ former life must have been,

for altho they had selected the most

simple things they had, they were still

much better than what most people of

Lettic's acquaintance cvcr had.


])on had not bccn idle. Mr. Scott had

shown him how to repair the chicken

liollscs and the next day was going with

l-ivn to buy a flock of hcns. He also told

him that if his lrccs wcrc wvll trimmed

:vild lhc ground

by anothcr year he might expect quite a


vorkcd this your, that


(-rnp_


“Do you know, moihcr, said Lettie

'1‘, c first night that thc Hampton's siiu't‘li

in thcir ncw honic, “I ll“\'|‘l' thot \vcallhy


.-


pooph- \vcrc nicc, but i am surr- the

iiairiplous i1:i\‘c luvcn t'cry rich and ,W'i

lily :irc just Jilic :.l|_xollc."


“’l‘hcy i':l\'c yol ,urfi," said \‘l'ayiw; “one

coimo‘. but :wlmirc Hicm altho it is almost


1 y y


pililu, l‘u-i" isliiliI'sSlli‘NS. sometimes.


"'l‘nlic carc,” warnwi Lctiic, shaking


her ilt'nli at him: “horn is \‘cry prctiy.

tlumu’ “N? that heart of yours, brothcr

illilll'.”


“l suppose ihc sumc udvicc would be

out of ,o‘aw- for you, sccfng you have al—

ready inslvHVi-ii that nscful member upon

anothcr," challengcd hcr brother gravely,

“but I think I shall write to Albert and

tell him h.- had ln-ttcr come home and

look :lftcr his own."


“Don't, Wayne, he Wouldn't thank you;

bcsidcs, I do not ("il‘i‘ for men 'who have

never done things. i am for bed. Pleas—

ant dreams to you."


His dreams were pleasant, and if a pair

of blue eyes were mixed up in them, who

was the wiser?


Chapter V.—And Pride.

It was no easy thing they had under-

taken. as they soon learned. Don did

not make headway very fast at first for


he was not used to such work and not

strong enough either. Thus handicapped

he made slow progress in his orchard,

but gradually he began to grow stronger,

his face took on a more healthy color,

and he gained a little in ﬂesh. Dora

watched this improvement in delight and

felt she was repaid for any sacrifice she

had made, if indeed there had been any?

She was not without her trials and

troubles and one day She found to her

amazement that she had not accepted her

changed fortunes as she supposed she

had, but that pride stood between her

and the new life striving to hold her

back.


It happened in this way: they bot their

chickens and, with advice and help from

the Scotts, were learning to care for

them and they were repaying the care

with eggs. They had accumulated quite

a few and Dora said to Lettie one day,

“I want to sell my eggs, I think 1 have

enough to buy provisions for a \Vt't‘k or

more. I tell you I haVc saved cvcry

one, hardly letting Don have one for his

breakfast, and he is so fond of them,

too.”


“Very well," said Lettie, “I shall be

going to the city with some of ours to-

morrow and you can go with me. It will

be a pleasant drive, so we can combine

business with pleasure.”


A dull rm] mounted to Dora‘s face. Olt.

she thot, I can never do that. Take them

to market and bicker for their sale like

a common market woman! Oh, I cannot.


“I don't belicvc I can go tomorrow,”

she l'altcrcd; “I have—I have some work

to do."


Millie lookcd at her flushed face and

uudcrslood, or thot she did, and she an—

swcicd quietly: “Very Wt'ii, I will take

lhcm lor you if you will make out a list

of wlrit you want, but I am sorry not to

havc your company."


J)ol':i had the eggs and the list ready

for hcr, but someway she could not llli‘t‘t

thc i'i":ll' cycs of hcr fricnd. She had

passwi a bad night and Don had noticed

hcr downcast look and feared she was

gcttiug homesick altho he said nothing

to her, but it madr: his heart a little


hcavy. Ai'lci‘ Lottie had gone, her thots

bccamc more and more troublesmnc.


\\'11:it had she donc? Asked her friend

to do what she would not do. \\'as it.

honorablc‘.’


It is nothing, she is used to it, whi-t-

pcrcll pridc. llnl if you havo :u-ccptcvl

your lot must you not also grow nct'llsv

tomcd to tin-so things?

science.


lint it is so different. You are differ-

ent, whispered pride again.


What! You call Lettie your friend and

still think you are. better than she, slung

conscience; What must she think of you'.


"Dora threw herself upon her bed and

the battle waged on. She recognized the

fact that it was a battle now and that

she must ﬁght it to the bitter end. She

knew what was really right, but on the

other side stood pride, birth and educa-


(mcricd con-


‘m 1» fie

tion. “It ended at length with thersobblng

cry: “Oh, my Fat-her, help me to accept.

even this bitter part of ’my new life,’

and the help that never fails sent a ‘quiet

peace stealing into her heart. Perhaps

it would not be so bad as she thot.


It was a very subdued Dora that met

Lettie upon her return.” “Lettie, can

you ever forgive me?” she cried. “I was

wrong and wicked, but don’t think too

badly of me,” and the lips quivered.


“Dora, what are you talking about?

Forgive you for what?"


“For thinking I was better than you.

I see how it must look to you now, but

I will go with you next time, if I may,

and sell my own eggs. Are the people

very bad to you?”


“What people?” asked Lettie in a puz—

zled way.


“The—the ladies you sell your eggs to.”


“I did not sell them to any ladies!”

then as a light seemed to break over her

puzzled brain she exclaimed: “For good-

ness sake, Dora, tell me yvhat you think

I did with those eggs.”


“Why, took them to houses to sell, did

you not? I remember seeing our cook

buy eggs of a country woman.”


Lettie sat down on the ground and

laughed. Dora looked amazed at ﬁrst

and then indignant, but at length Lettie

stopped and, wiping her eyes, said: “For-

give me, Dora, but indeed I could not

help it. You poor darling, no wonder

you did not want to go; and to think

that 'was what you had decided to do.

Dora you are a better girl than I am;

I do not think I am quite up to that yet.

I really did nothing of the kind. I just

took them to the store and a nice accom-

modating clerk carried them in and gave

me the things in exchange for them just

as he would have given them for money.

Next time you ask before you go to

climbing mountains, will you?”


With a thankful sigh Dora decided that

she would.


As the. days glided by Dora saw that,

try as she might, their income was not

nearly covcring their expenditures and it

worried her. She felt that Don also was

troubled. Of course, they know they

must expect this at ﬁrst, but the thot

that troubled them both was, What if

they should fail in making a. living?

What then?


I wonder, Dora thot one morning as

she was getting things ready to make-

a cake for tea, if there is no way to

make a cake without using ten or twelve

eggs. They are thirty cents a dozcn

now and I want to sell all I can. Then

she smiled at the idca of her having to

count the ccnts in that way. It was

really a good thing for Dora that she

usually saw the humorous side of things.


“I bclicvc I will go and ask Mrs. Scott,"

she said, and she rolled down her sleeves

and took her hat from a nail. A few

minutes later Mrs. Scott heard a. bright

voice say: “Good morning, Mrs. Scott;

please tell me, is there any way to make

a cake without using a dozen eggs?” and

Dora sat down upon the porch.


“A dozen eggs! Bless me, child, do you

use that many?"


“\Vhy, yes; you see all that I know

about cooking I learned at cooking school

and I guess the. teachers thot I would

always have plcnly of eggs. I have, but

I want to sell them."


Good Mrs. Scott looked horriﬁed, for to

her that was a terrible extravagance.

but she only answercd: "I never use,

more than two, unless for some, extra.

occasion. I will write out my receipt for

you."


Willi the bit of paper clasped in her

hand hora spi d home again. “I wonder

if it will rcally be, good," She said doubt-

fully as she. read it over. Imagine her

surprise whcn lion said that ovcning‘:

“You are improving, Dora; that is the

best cake you have made, yet," and he

reached for a second piece. “I wonder

if our world hold another girl who would

have adapted hcrsclf to circumstances

as you have? (‘an you imagine the dainty

Miss'Norton making a cake or cooking

her brother‘s supper?”


Dora lookcd at him searchingly, for she

had hcard their names coupled more than

once in the old days, but the serene look

on hcr brother‘s face assured her that

whatever might have been the lady’s

mind his was not disturbed by thots of

her.


“I can imagine her doing that about

as easily as I can imagine some of her

gentlemen friends trimming a fruit tree

or planting a garden,” she retorted

merrily.


Don glanced at his brown hands, and

smiled. “I wonder What some 'of hour


(Continued on page 504). I.


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'GO‘lN". BAR’EFOOT.


\. ' ‘ BY BERT LEACH.


Us boys, we’re glad when April comes,

With bugs and birds and ﬂowers.


We liked the snow when it was here

But them—we like the showers.


Then jolly April waves her hand

And trots along her way,


And Ma looks at the calendar

With, “I declare, it’s May!"


Us boys, we’ve been impatient like

For May to come around;


The sun’s a-gettin’ warmer then

And. warms the mellow ground;


That’s what we want. You ask ’em all

And see what they will say,


For every b0y’s been waitin’ to

G0 barefoot, ﬁrst 0’ May.


It’s‘ lots of fun, along at ﬁrst,

To wade the little creek.


Our ma’s won’t let us when they know,

They’re ’fraid 'twill make us sick.


It never does; it's heaps of fun

As every youngster knows.


Why, ﬁrst, it’s fun to feel jist mud

A-squis'h between your toes.


It’s fun to run along the grass

As soft and warm as down;


It’s fun to run among the leaves,

The one’s that's dead an’ brown.

There’s lots 0’ fun most all the time,


But not another day

That’s, half as much as ’tis When we

Go barefoot, ﬁrst 0’ May.


MAY- DAY IN HISTORY.


BY GEORGE BANC'RDFT GRIFFITH.


Pretty customs have from early times

clustered about the month of May. May-

poles and May garlands, May outings and

the May-day decorations of doors with

the spoils of the woods, have all borne.

witness to the gladneSS with which men

hail the return of spring.


The keeping of May—day dates back to

the Romans in the worship of their god'-

dess, Flora, who presided over fruits. and

flowers. A. feast called the Floralia was

kept by them in honor of the return of

spring, which was typiﬁed by the ﬂowers

it brot‘ forth. This festival commenced

on the 28th of April and usually continued

four or five days. Public games, festi-

vities and sacriﬁces consisting lirgcly of

ﬂowers marked its observance. Expiatory

offerings were made to the gods, and no

marriages were allowed, and on May 1

the Roman ladies sacriﬁced to Bona Den,

the Good Mother, while the little Roman

boys went out into the woods and cut

down' branches with which they decorated

the houses and temples.


The Druids also celebrated the day in

their barbaric fashion. Among all the

Celtic nations, including the Irish, French

and Scotch, there was a festival on May

cve called Bel—stein or Bal—e-tein, which

means Baal's ﬁrc. Huge fires were kind—

led on all the high hills and sacrifices

were made to their cruel gods. Somev

times the sacriﬁces were living men and

women who were cast into the ﬂames.

Traces of this Baal worship are found

all over England, Scotland and Ireland

Before the Reformation the I’lighlandcrs

kindled Bel-tein ﬁres which contained a

horse’s head and bones. Around these

ﬁres a circle was cut in the turf, large

enough to contain all the people of the

district, and a banquet of eggs, butter-

milk, and oatmeal made into a custard

was partaken of, after. which lots were

drawn for the pieces of an oatmeal cake,

one. of which had been blackened. VVho-

ever this black piece fell to was obliged

to jump over the ﬁre two or three times

to insure good luck to the village during

the ensuing year. In Connaught and

M'unstcr, Ireland, today, a custom called

La lleal-tinc is observed by burning

wisps of straw under the pigs and cows,

doubtless in imitation of the Druid priests

who made all their animals pass thru the

ﬁre on May-day.


All the old Teutonic nations observed

the day in a similar way. On May-day

the ancient Goths had a mock battle be-

tween summer and winter personiﬁed.

Offerings of the earliest spring ﬂowers

were laid upon the altar of Frea, the

beautiful. The modern custom of erect-

ing a May-pole, as well as the practice

of choosing a king and queen (or lord

and lady) of May, dates from the time

of the Anglo—Saxons, whose annual “Wit-

tenagemottes,” or assemblies of the cal-

dor-men and thanes, were held on May-

day. During the absence of their chiefs


.the common people chose a king, who


selected a queen, and the two ruled in-

stead of their lords—he crowned with an

oaken, she with a hawthorn wreath. A

pole was erected to dance about, and the

authority of the pair was respected while

the wittenagemotte continued in session.

The May-pole was sometimes at “Liberty-

pole,” too, in those old days, its erection

with a garland upon its top being a sig-

nal for the meeting of the people when


,r


they saw, cause for punishing or deposing.


their governors. . '

'In England the May-day customs were

observed at greater length than in any

other, being celebrated there since the

earliest times. Bulwer, in one of his

historical romances, “The Last of the

Saxon Kings,” describes one of these old

English May-days. Chaucer in .his

“Court of Love.” sings in his quaint way

of the day and names all of the lovely

early ﬂowers, concluding with

“"hat of all ﬂoures in the mede

Manne love, I most these ﬁoures white

and rede

Such as men called daysyes in our toune.”

Not only the common people, but lords

and ladies, and even royalty itself, took

part in these May festivities. In the ﬁf-

teenth and sixteenth centuries the holiday

reached its fullest development. ling-

land was “Merry England” then, and of


. THEMICHIGAN FARMER. -


.A TOY HOUSE BOAT.

BY I. z. Y.


This little model can be made in less

than half an hour, if all the material is

gotten ready ﬁrst.


The following material is required: A

piece of light wood, 10 inches long, 4

inches wide, and IA; inch thick; a ﬁve-

cent empty match-box, a large bottle

cork; a small round stick, like a lead

pencil, about 21/2 inches long; three pieces

of tin for the blades of the propeller, cut

triangular in shape with an old pair of

scissors, 11/2 inches long by 34 inch wide;

cardboard for the seats and stairway;

some ﬁne elastic string; a few pins, and

two paper fasteners.


While the hull is being cut into proper

shape, the little brother or sister can

paint the box with some dark water color

school paints to hide the letters on the


the many so-callcd “merry days," there

was no one, not even Christmas, when

all the people, from the king down to

chimney-sweep and milkmaid, had a

gayer time than on the first of May.


In my boyhood I belonged to a league

which inat guratcd a beautiful custom on

May-day in distributing among the sick

and the “shut—ins" birch baskets ﬁlled

with Maytlowcrs (tho arbutus), and

other blossoms combined with vcrdure.

Each basket was accompanied by a card

Containing the namc of the receiver, and

also a verse of which the following is a

graceful sample:


“They came early this spring from the

sunny south—4110 obobolinks, the robins,

the song sparrows.


“They had a tryst to keep with the

violets, the anemones, the wake-robins.”


The receivers tenderly appreciated the

fragrant thot of the Junior League which

so happily suggested and carried out the

sweet remembrances. Each contributed

also to this juvenile people's club, visit-

ing the poor and aged with a generous

donation on their door-step on May-day

eve, or giving a pleasant surprise to a

sick schoolmate.


Recalling the May-day parties of long

years gone gives rise to a kind of yearn-

ing desire that simple and never-to-be


outside of thc matchbox case. One end

of the hull (A) is brot to a point, and an

opening 21/2 inc‘hcs square is cut in tho

other end for the propeller whccl (ll).

On account of the wood being thin, this

hole can be easily cut with a jack—knife.


The end ((‘l of the box ncar tlic pro-

pcllcr is removed so that the elastic,

strings can pass thru.


The match box is removed from the

case, and the latter tacked down to the.

hull of the boat, a little nearer the front

than the back, with small ﬂat-headed

tacks.


The seats (I), D, D), can be made from

cardboard, 2x3 inches, bent into shape,

and held in position by a couple of pins

pushed thru cach. The windows aro

made from one piece. of cardbmii‘d, the

length of the box, and not quite as deep,

held in position by a pin pushed thru

each corner.


The stairway and top platform (E)

are made, out of one piece of cardboard,

bent into a number of steps, and fast—

cncd to the hull with a small tack. The

stairway must be cut narrower than the

platform (E), so that the latter can rest

upon the top of the match box, and be

attached to it by means of two pins.


Make a hole thru the exact ccntcr of

the cork (F), and push the stick thru,


Ten-year-old Ohio Boy whose Pony ls Raising her Third Colt.


forgotten holiday pleasures may still

exert their general inﬂuence in our

homes. If you, my young readers, decide

to imitate the May-day festival, will you

also copy the plan for sending sunshine

to the sick and suffering? \Vill you help

make. a May—day for the children who

cannot gather ﬂowers for them-selves?

Will you


“Rejoice in May . . . .


And use your May with skill?”


UNFORESEEN GOOD.


BY EUGENE e. DOLSON.

As fresh reviving rain-showers fall

From clouded. sullen skies,

So oft the heaviest cross of all

Is victory in disguise.


getting the cork half-way between the

ends. The stick must fit tight, so that

the cork will not slip. Two pins pushed

into the ends of this stick will hold the

propeller in position. The holcs in the,

arms of the hull thru which tllcy pass

must be amply large, so that the pro-

peller will spin around with just a touch.


A small tack (G) is pushed into the

sides of the cork, to which to fasten the

ends of the elastic strings. The other

ends of the elastic strings are fastened

to two paper fasteners near the front

end of the box, being put in place while,

the box is out of the case. The fasteners

arepus‘hed thru the sides of the box

from the inside and then clinched. “'hcn

the. box is again put inside the case, the


, an 503


pins holding the windows will keep it

from coming out. ‘


Everything is now ready. Wind the

propeller in the direction of the arrow

about a dozen turns when, if properly

made, the boat should go from three to

four times the length of the bath tub, or

you can propel it on a ditch.


The elastic string must not be too

strong, the boat must not be too heavy,’

and the propeller must work so scasily

before the elastic is put on that it will

spin around very fast when spun with

the finger. Light paper dolls can be put

in the seats to make the boat seem more-

real.


THE SHETLAND FOR CHILDREN.


BY BESSIE L. PUTNAM’.


From the earliest times the horse and

dog have vied with each other in devo—

tion to their master. While the dog has.

usually the preference for children's use,.

the plucky little Shetland pony is working

its way in as a close rival, being a useful

errand bearer, a stylish family horse, and

a most lovable pct combined. It is much

stronger in proportion to its size than

the average horse and will carry a boy or

even several children on its back. On

good roads it can draw two or more-

grown persons for a moderate distanCU

with case, if the vehicle is not too heavy.

A two—wheeled cart is preferable, being

lighter, and at the samc time safer for

childrcn, tho the typical pony buggy, with

:1 wcll-brcd spccimcn attached, makes aS'

fashionable a turnout as one need ask.

“"1th the mud is dccp it is a poor'

travclcr.


Its usefulness as a part of child life is.

mainly in the fact that it teaches the"

handling of a horse. hit one must not

for a moment think that the Shetland is

a harmless playtliing in thc hands of the

child unused to horscs. By nature it is

both strong and hcadstrong, high lived,

and full of mischicf. \\'hilc many indi—

viduals arc gentle and docilc in the hands

of a recognized master, not one will let

the chance slip to test the courage of the

novicc, and to have. fun at his expense if

it discovcrs the slightest lack of conﬁ-

dence on his part. And they are so strong

that any advantage gained by trickery

soon places them beyond the control of

child strength.


It readily responds to teaching, usually

adding tricks of its own to those taught

by the master. A favorite method is to

bite, and when the novice is thus taken

by surprise it will rear and strike, thus

gaining a bit of halter against which it

quickly throws its breast and shoulders

and is away almost before one has time

to think. But this can be guarded against

after the, first ti-mc; and tho it may bite

and strike in play, throw rail fences with

its teeth faster than the owner can re-

place them, and perform numerous antics

in general, if it has not a vicious kick no.

serious damage is apt to rcsult. The best

of the Slictlauds will do those things, and

to outwit them is a good test of cques~

trian discipline. ’l‘his brct-d is highly in-

dependent, and if not a professional

balkcr, any individual is apt. to halt when

it gets a little tired, at which times no

amount of urging can induce. it to start

until it is ready.


Its native home is a hundred rocky

islcts north of Scotland, the area of the

entire group aggregating not so much as

a. single county of New York, and with

no point more than thrco milcs from the

sea. Rigorous clinic and scanty herbage

have, stunted it until thc average height

is 8 to 10 hands. In the hands of the

breeder, with good feeding and care, its

progeny soon ovcrstcp this size, placing

them the less valuable rank of common

ponies, for the t‘horobrcd must rctain its

dimunitiu- size to command high price.

The prcl'crrcd color is black, tho other

solid colors command good priccs, the

spotted pony being most “off” in color.

In winter it takes on the shaggy coat of

its native isles. After this is asquired'

should be kept under shcltcr during cold

rains, as the snow and ice cling to the-

long hair and will not dry out. “men the

weather is fair it enjoys outdoor life even

in mid-winter, and is the better for it.

It is rugged, hearty, and in competent

hands a uscful as wcll as entertaining

and lovable pct.


“TVcll, Pat, after a year at the auto—

mobile school, I suppose you understand

everything?” “All but one thing, sir."

“XVhatﬂs that?” “What makes the thing.

go without horses.”—Life.


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(12)


,T’HE’ODORA.

(Continued from page 502).


504


acquaintances would say if they could see

me sometime?"


“They would say nothing. I have no

idea they would recognize you.”


“I dare say I am changed a, triﬂe but,

Dora, I have really made up my mind

that this is the life that is worth living.

That it is the life that God intended man

to live.”


“There is certainly much to enjoy,

Dora said slowly; “and it is certainly

the best life for you, Don, and that solves

the question as far as we are concerned.

Dr. Allen certainly knew what he was

doing when he told you to live outdoors.”


“It is not all the living outdoors,

either,” declared Don; “It is the work,

too. It was hard for me at ﬁrst, but it

is ideal exercise. That is what gives me

such an appetite,” and he passed his glass

for more lemonade. '


“You may be right, I am sure I never

stop to analyze the reasons as long as

I can see the results, but if I am not

mistaken I see Lettie and her brother

coming up the. road. Do, Don. help me

get these dishes piled up and out of the

way before they get here for Wayne has

his violin and they mean to spend the

evening I am certain.


Dora’s surmise was correct for, as she

ushered her guests in, Lottie said with a

laugh: “‘Vayne has got some new music.

Dora, and he had to come over to try it."


n


“I am always ready for music,” an-

swered Dora.

Wayne was a musician of no mean


and Dora had had the best of

The music was, therefore, en-

than themselves and

They played over the

new music and then Lottie asked Dora

to sing. “Kayne had never heard Dora.

sing and he looked surprised at the re—

Qcht. ..


Her hands Wondered over the keys for

a few minutes. 1110]], with u mischievous


ability

teachers.

Joyed by others

Lettie knew it.


glance at Lettie she song: “My Sol—

dier Boy Goodbye.” She hud :1 clear


sweet Voice that showed much sympathy

when she sang, and her hearers were

charmed.


“Why did you never tell us you sting.

Miss llampton‘.“ asked \Vuynt- plaint—

ivcly; “I consider I have been

out of a great deal of pleasure."


Dora only smiled, but licttie said: “You

might have found it out if you hud not

been so taken up with that violin.”


”V.'ell, now thut I huve found out I do

not mean to miss any more opportunities.

Please sing again. llliss Dora."


“We will all sing,” said she, opening

a book. “(“omc,“ and she lllill'l‘tl the

(lilt‘lllilg‘ llttl‘S of a funiiliur lion

and licttie joined her zit thc piuuo but

Wayne preferred to listen. lion hzid a

good buss Voice and Lottie lllltll‘l‘limk to

carry the alto. ’l‘hcy utter

song und Doro, who lovrd thesc old song‘s

better than anything else, sung with lll‘l‘


L‘hcutcd


hymn.


sung; song


whole heart, llt‘l‘ lztct- glowing: Witll

feeling.


She feels it :til, thot \Vuynv. \x'hile t)

me it is nothing~ b'it cowl music, and he

sighed a little. ln-llit- ll'*ltl'Il the sigh

and looked at him curiou<l_v.


“haul (in it, lli‘H'::>" "lflw," ,iw "till

as lli“_\' were walkingr home tin": the


glouming.

“lﬂilht d0


prise.

“Don't lose ywur hunt to Jim: l. 91.;- i


a dczir girl but em.- 1,- n»? for il.‘

\\'>.t_\'no luuthl. “\\':.'; gnaw


what?” 1:1 uskwi in ~‘ll‘-


“'Olllll'l'i'tll )m‘w'wls Ml Illrt'ililillllt‘illi...’” lo‘

Darriod. “1 low: my luurt 1.. i. 4; tilll‘tl

you feel it lwu’i’” p':. .Y " Err hind on it.


“Yes, but lllt'liliilli~ it is :i liltlw too

fast: but [ var» on!" ‘»'5:!l int: you so you


1:


might; not, in; (ll,\ll1»})tt:“l5d_


Chapter Vl.——Disappointment.


Sprint:~ cutno .‘tt lust. lll’lt season to


“'lllt‘h [)on Jili‘l lh)l:l hull looked i‘oru'urd

with such hope and joy, the season that

'Wzis to Int-2m Stu much to them, for they

\W‘l‘t' to hurvtw‘t their iirst crop. Sprint:

thud new-r Illt‘dllt much to tin-m before,

only :1 renewal ot‘ \\'1ll'lll Weather and 11.


summer at :L tushionuhlc watering place,


but now it lllt‘ill:l llillt’il.


llon had his tl"‘('.~: in good order and

IVIr. Scott told him thut lll‘ might rt-uson-

ably expect. a good crop. Jlt' had also,


under his direction, set more trees. This

had eaten into their l‘t-scl'yc fund but he

thot he was justiﬁed in doing.r it, for a

year‘s start meant it great deul for fu-

ture harvests. ’l‘hen. too, some money

had to be expended for labor, and Don

had been compelled to buy a mule to do

the cultivating. so for this thing and that

their money had dwindled away until

there was little left. But one good crop


THE MICHIGAN FA a ,. ,____,

would make them safe and this they fullv‘ ‘ " , " " ‘ ‘ - '

.expected spring to bringthem, so they .


welcomed it for its own sake. A Cali-

fornia winter is really not a winter at all

but a waiting time. When the rains be-

gan Dora had watched with delight as

nature slowly awoke.

light that the surrounding mountains

slowly turned from a dull brOWn to a

vivid green, and later to a gorgeous yel-

low as the golden poppies ﬂaunted their-

rich coloring‘from every available place.

Their few orange trees ﬁlled the air with

a heavy perfume, and Dora, sitting on

the little front porch, sniffed the air, feel-

ing that she could never, never get

enough of it.


Under the direction of Mrs. Scott, and

with a little assistance from Don, she

had trimmed ‘her rose bushes and she

was repaid with a wealth of bloom that

was dazzling. She went one afternoon

to walk with Lettie and came. back with

her arms full of the golden puppies.


“0, Don, are they not grand?” .she

cried, holding up a bunch of the blossoms

for him to admire. ~


Don admitted that they were.


Dora had learned much about chickens,

too, and when in the warm spring days

some downy little yellow balls appeared

she was so delighted that Don declared

she lived with the chickens.


But the most beautiful thing of all to

them was the morning when they saw

their prune. trees in full bloom.


“I could just stay and watch them,”

Dora whispered. “Oh, what a beautiful

world!"


All of this they both saw, but Dora saw

something more. She saw that in spite

of Don's hard work he was getting

stronger, his checks were ﬁlling out and

the aggravating cough was. gone.


Many plans did they build for the fu-

ture but; their present happiness was

centered around their expected crop.

That night they got a heavy rain and it

t'olltinllt‘tl for two days.


“This will be a heavy damage to the

fruit growers,” Mr. Scott remarked to

his son. “It will not make so much dif—

ference to us, but I feel pretty sorry for

our young,r neighbors. They have staked

much on this fruit crop, I fear."


\V’uyne looked away over the neighbor-

ing orchard, resplendent in its showy

bloom, and there was a look in his eyes

that the father did not see, but he caught

a note in his voice that he was sure he

had never heard before and he gave him

:1 quick searching glance.


“I am afraid they have. exhausted most


of their means. You see, setting the

how trees, and the help he llilS had to

have, cost quite a bit. and now another


your most elapse before he can count on

They are so proud I dare

he saw Don ap-


inuch protit.

not he broke off, for

printchillg‘.


“A line ruin.’


y


Don cu l led gall y.


“Yes,” Mr. Scott replied gravely; “but

11 bud one for us.”


“Why so?" Don asked in surprise.


“It came just in time to hurt‘ our


7v


prunes.


"i do not see how," Don said, survey-

in;r the glistening lundSt-upe with puzzled

(free.

they are in full bloom and

11".. :i inin “unites the pollen away. \‘Ve

v...‘l art but it short crop.”


At iii<t lion did not seem to realize,

hut as the matter dawned upon him with

lull force the light died out ‘ his eyes.

\‘X'ziynr; (ﬂuid hardly look at him, but he


“lit-cause


;»::id eagerly: “\".'e will get part of a

crop. Father dot-s not mean that they

are all gone," but lion did not seem to


hear and he vvcnt home with bitterness


in his licurt.


lioru saw at once t'iiat something had

happened.


“\tht is it, Don?” she asked quietly.


“l-‘nilurc, liflt‘l‘ all my hard work,” he

answered gloomily: “I guess fate is

:iguinst us.”


“No, lion, there is no such thing as

i'utc. lint tell me just what has hap—


lwllt‘ll.H


lion told her. “What in the world are

“'t‘ to do?” he added.


“llo,” she brightly; “why,

just as Wo have been doing, to be sure.

’\\'e are able to make a living now with

our chickens and our garden and we are

well and that is much. i know you have

counted much on this crop, but we are

not so had off and we still have each

other, remember.”


“But to think of waiting another whole

year!”


“We will not wait Don; we will work;

there is it great difference. I dare say

our trees will only be. the better for this

and there is much to be done yet. The

time will soon pass, if we are contented,


:1 nswcred


She saw with de'-'


I NT 0'


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.must take the bitter with the sweet.”


Don looked at her in astonishment.

“You are xright; Dora; you always are

and I am a. brute to try to dampen your

spirits, but I am really hard hit."


“I know that, but it will all come out

right, I feel sure. You know everything

happens for the best if we only trust

enough,” she added softly.


Don was silenced but not more than

half convinced, for he did not possess

the same sunny nature that Dora did

and, besides, the thot that their support

depended in a great measure upon his

exertions weighed heavily upon him.

Nevertheless he to‘ok up his work and

went on with it, altho at ﬁrst he had

not the same heart in it that ‘he had had.

But gradually the feeling 'wore off and,

as Dora remarked to Lettie, “Richard

was himself again."


Meantime he saw that his trees were

growing vigorously, all the better, as

Dora ,had Suggested, because they were

not bearing much fruit. There Would

be some he saw, perhaps enough to pay

for what labor 'he must hire, and he grew

more contented.


He did not dare to set more trees, how-

ever, as he had intended, for he felt they

must keep What little money they had,

so he put all of his time on those that

he had. ’


“Don," said Dora one Monday morning,

”we have been invited to a party at the

McGregors for Friday evening.“ (The

McGregors were a young married couple

that lived to the south of them). “Do

you think we might go?"


“Yes, if you would like it, Dora, I am

sure that we might.” Don had felt at

ﬁrst that they should hold aloof from

their neighbors and that was the reason

Dora. asked the question now with a sort

of embarrassment. He had chosen to

think that the Scotts were different from

the majority, but as he saw more of his

neighbors he was: fast changing his mind,

so he answorcd his sister in the afﬁrma-

tive, much to her delight.


“Then I am going to get me a new

dress when I go to the city with Lettie

this afternoon."


“Don’s face clouded at this, altho he

felt ashamed that it should, for it was

the ﬁrst dress she had asked for since

they came here, but their money was no

more than paying expenses, so he asked

slowly: "Do you really need it, Dora?

Haven’t you something that will do?”


“No, Don, I feel as if my clothes were

too fine. They are out of place for this

occasion.” Then as she interpreted the

look on 1101‘ brother’s face arig‘ht she

laughed merrily: “Don‘t be anxious,

Don; I will get it out of my egg money

and it will not cost me over a couple of

dollars.” '


"A couple of dollars!

see the dress that you can get

couple of dollars!"


“You shall,” she declared, bowing to

him. She wont to the city with Lottie

and bot enough India linon at fifteen

cents a yard to make her a dress. She

had some embroidery that was sheer and

ﬁne that she had decided to use for trim-

ming. Then she but a pattern and for

the Next three days was busy with the

sewing machine, which was one of the

things she had brot with 1101‘. Don, also,

was VOI‘Y busy and said nothing more

about the dress \thn Friday CVl‘nlng

came, therefore, and he found her clad

in dainty whitc, be said, with 11. critical

look at her: “So you gave up the two

dollar gown after all.’


“Indeed I did not.

ing the skirt.


Don's eyes opened wide in amazement.

“You never got that dress for two dol-

lars!"


“No," saucily, “it cost me just one

dollar and seventy cents, :Iltho it is only

fair to tell you that I llzld the trimming."


I should like to

for a.


This is it," touch-


said Don,

knew of


“\Ylia’t docs that amount to,”

which showed how little he

women’s dresses. “You were intended

to be'poor, Dora: be sure. and marry a

poor man. It would be a shame to de—

prive some poor fellow of such a helper."


“I am not intending to marry anyone

at present, but how long since my brother

was so anxious to hand me over to a

husband?”


“I am not anxious. Goodness knows

what will become of 1110 when that time

comes!”


“Don’t worry about it.

trophc is likely to happen very soon."

and he saw by her clear smiling eyes

that she meant it, and muttered to 'him-

Self with a sigh of relief, I must admit:


“Poor \Vayne, I am afraid—V but he

was not allowed to ﬁnish, for Dora told

him to hurry or they would be late, and


No such catas-


mE MICHIGAN FARMER;


Irma with this, as with all things, We.


be joined her on the beautiful moonlit

porch. She pulled some of the crimson

roses, fastening them in her belt as he

came out.


“It is a. grand night, Don,” she de-

clared as she lifted her skirts that they

might not get damp from the heavy dew

that had already wet the grass. “What

a heavy dew. We did not have such ones

in the east, did we?"


.u'r‘~-.ihzlwww uni! '


505


FOOD AFAGTS


What an M. D. Learned.


(13).


. A prominent Georgia physician went

thru a food experience which he makes

public:


.“It was my own experience that ﬁrst

led me to advocate Grape-Nuts food and


“I think not at least ”Gt in the city." I also know, from having prescribed it

and then they spoke no more until they to convalescents and other weak pa-

reached their destination. tients, that the food is a wonderful re—


(Continued next week). buildcr and I'cstorer of nerve and brain

tissue, as well as muscle. It improves

the digestion and sick patients always

gain just as I did in strength and weight

Very rapidly.


“I was in such a low state that I had

to give up my work entirely, and went

to the mountains Of'lllis state, but two

months there did not improve me; in


And hotly pursue her, fact, I was not quite as well as when I

Will ﬂout you as vain maidens do. left home.


“My food did not sustain me and it

became plain that I must change. Then

I began to use Grape-Nuts food and in

She socks you, as all will agree. two weeks I could walk a. mile without

To the Shirk she gives scorning, fatigue, and in ﬁve weeks returned to

To the Toiler-~Fame's morning, my home and practice, taking up hard

Which is poetic justice, you see. work again. Since that time I have felt


—-—~——~————~ as well and strong as I ever did in my


life.

KINKS' “As a physician who seeks to help all


sufferers, I consider it a duty to make

Kink I.-——Hidden Picture. mum. facts public.”

ﬂ Trial 10 days on Grape—Nuts, when'

the regular food does not seem to sustain

the body, will work miracles.

“There’s a Reason.”

Look in pkgs. for the famous

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Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true

and full of human interest.


FARMING FOR PROFIT


ISA


Business Proposition


IN THE


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ALONG THE


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Write for our new Gulf Coast Book and our

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LUCK.


BY MAUUE E. s. HYMERS.

Good Luck is a poet;

All scribblers should know it;

As sure as the world it is true.

For Luck, when you woo her,


But if you ignore her—

(‘lioose Labor before her-—


little


'This Indian girl

Find him and his dog.


is calling her brave.


Kink ll.——~May Flowers.


“'lmt liIny ﬂowers are I'cpi'cScnicd by

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1. (‘ow sliding down a bank. 2. Goal:

bunting: a iiu~pcddlcr loaulcd with cups.

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lie is :r top. 6. A. running horse. 7. An

cxii‘ucicd tooth dripping with blood. 8.

’l‘lircc, pretty girls disappointed bcciiuso

they can not go to a party. 9. Several

groups of birds. 10. A poor stand of

grass.


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i - . . x ‘ ~. Sit right down and write for beauti u i ustrate

1110 1““ mm ls (APO. booklet, list of farms, etc., to

F. H. LABAUME, Agrl. and Indl. Agt.

Dept. M M. Norfolk 8: Western Ry.. Roanoke. Va.


FARMERS, ATTENTION!


WESTERN OANAOA

THE WORLD’S ORANARY AND

LAND OF OPPORTUNITIES


Exceptionally low Scitlers’ rates. For particulars

and printed matter. write

A. E. EDMONDB, D. P. A.. Canadian Paciﬁc By..

DETROIT. MICH.


Cit-cap Tennessee Finis“

Making Men Rich!


Fortunes are being made on fertile Tennes-

see farms. ’i‘hcy raise big crops of Canta-

loupcs. Cabbage, Tomatoes, String Beams,

(1‘ rccn Corn, etc. . Iilso Horses. (liittle,SlieeF.bwiiie.

Poultry lIllll Eggs. VVriio Inc at once or l‘rco

LItI-rntilrc. ' I tell you how to get. one of'thcso

Splendid forms for $5 in $20 “(‘1‘ more. Act. qurcklyl


Kink |Il.-—Charade.

M'y whole is the Iizimc of :1 bicycln ﬁrm,


Don't let this miss


you.

You’ll iiud this wvhccl adv. in this


sumc issue.


Prizes for Straightening Kinks.


To the ﬁrst 25 who scnd us correct

answers to ALL of tlic above, Kinks.

we. will give choice of a package of 7.0

post—cards representing ll. trip around the

world, a. copy of “Concrete (‘onstruciion

on the Farm," 01‘ {L brczid and mike knife.

VVlIcI‘c contestant or some Iiimubci' of his

family is not it regular subscribcl' u

year's subscription (75c) must :Ictwuipnnj.‘

answers. Answers must reach us not.

llllOX‘ than May 28, as corrcci: solutions

will be publislicd in issue of June 5. Ad-

(ll't'SS answers to Puzzle l.)cpt., Michigan

Fa rm 0 1‘.

Answers to April 3 Kinks.


Kink l. Maze.

~—’I‘lic entrance,

to the maze is

indicated by the


VOI'Y


" ' l'll'l‘lHY. ‘ m I n. 'r..'. '. . I. . - v 1' V GIT 1:

“ill Filly .. .7 l Kink II. Prob- II.I.s itI,Tr rm. \ ( as” Ity Dept r Nihh III e n.

a; . em in Addi-


JUN UR’IM‘JL’ “ J ”44 tion.——’l‘hw\voi'd " ' Headquarters for

Ii. l 4 :.J\\.\\‘ that “implic: 2L .' ’ -

lllg’ﬁlllrﬁLlnrri][WOW 1...... W ‘ i. 5.] Scroll Saw-Machines


7; ;::.: ll" ‘ .f," - . . ‘ w - .

Ins-kn elitiuiunll a"at]?..‘::3;:L“::;3.h ,, ~ ~ _.__ pane... and Fancrwms

but once, may Ind all kinds of TOOLS. laiasi catalog I!" I10" 106.

be arranged to spell “cut.” "moon.“ . L. WILD. Publisher.


H

279 East 10111 Street. NEW YORK.


ALEXANDER 6: DOWBLL. At-

PATENTS lorneys at Law. 918 F. Bt..Wash-


inston. (Eat. 1857.) Procure Pat-

ents and Trade Marks: Render Expert Opinion.

on Patentability of Inventionszvuldity and Infringe.

ment of Patents: Practice In all Federal Courts.

Will send book O of Information on request.


smumuini mus, Shift?Stealsi’sidf’c‘ti:

respondence solicited. M. Ma er, J r., Merrill. Mich


“sail." and the lciici' 1‘ will remain.

Kink Ill. lfs.—el. A man who gcis mor—

tar in his eye should feel mortiiicd. 2.

A topci' who' drinks so hard as to color

his nose should be cullcd :1 pom-guy.

April 3 Prize Winners.


As senders of correct solutions to all

the Kinks of April 3, ilic following have

been awarded pi'izcs: Lucius Judson, II.

A. Williams and Mrs. Edward V'ovllliti.
ll


\f


506 . . THEMICHI

OF INTEREST- g...

as T0 WOMEN


HOME CHATS WITH FARMERS’ WIVES.


3.14! ' .


BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.

Simplifying Housework. is so difﬁcult to obtain it behooves the

System and order do much to simplify mistress of the home upon whose shoul-

any work. If the housewife does not take ders much of the household tasks de-

advantage of these helpers she is making volve to bring her mind to bear upon this

a great mistake. To do so means much question. In order to accomplish all she

in the routine of duties which someone would like the unnecessary and useless

who seems to have had a distaste for must be eliminated. It is for her to say

household tasks has expressed as being whether she «will spend her afternoons in

never done. a hot kitchen or in a hammock lazily

If woman’s work is never done some— swinging in a shady spot under the trees

thing is wrong with the system under occupied only with a book.

which she labors. \Vlly should not each First, she may cut out butter-making

evening mark the close of tile day‘s work End have all the milk sent to the factory

indoors as well as out? Why nor let this ( r dispose of it in some of the many ways

that be uppermost in the mind. "My dul— now possible in nearly every community.

ies are ﬁnished for today. my day's work This pays just as well, and in many cases.

ends with the washing of the sullptr better than to make the butter at home.

dishes. Tomorrow I will‘ begin tolnor- The time involved in doing the dairy

row’s duties.” “'hen we feel this way work is considerable. The day is at

toward our work it makes it collipara— hand when it is no longer an essential

tively easy. It is the burden anticipated frature of the farm home. It used to be

that many times is hardest to bear, and necessary but along with the advanced

taking each day as it comes is better than agriculture have come other and better

taking the whole week at once, for have methods of dairy practice. “Requiscat

we not the promise, “As tlly day so shall ill pace,” we say to the butter—bowl and

thy strength bc?” ladle worn smooth by much use, as we

The individual herself may do much to deposit them far back upon the top shelf

simplify her work. I believe I am safe in the pantry, there to remain indeﬁ-

in saying that the two words at the be— nitely. They served their day and gen-

ginning of this article will solve the prob- oration faithfully, let them pass.

lem nine times out Of ten, system and Another help in simplifying housework

order. made available during the past few years

To plan Onc’s work ahead is a great lics ill the ease with which ready—made

advantage. To have a system adjusted clothing of all kinds can be procured.

to individual circumstances and condi- Piles of material awaiting manufacture

tions, which must be more or less elastic ill the home are no longer a necessity.

it is true, placcs one in the position of Not only outer garments for men, women

the gcncral who knows exactly what and children, but underclotlling as well,

forces he will employ to accomplish what can now be hot for actual cost of the

is to be done, and how best to do it. An goods. “’hy toil over the machine dur~

cxlcnsive cxpcricncc with housework 0!! ing every hour not otherwise occupied

a large farm convinces me that it is wllcnvgarmcnts 'whicll answer every pur-

possiblc to make it far easier by following pose can be had so cheaply? Men’s

this suggestion. shirts wear just as long and fade no

There is no use in claiming that any more quickly in the wash if purchased

one rule is applicable to all conditions, in this way. Slliriwaist suits of calico,

but the principle remains the sumo. It pcrcule or gingham, or morning dresses


'should be made to ﬁt conditions, that in one piccc scll very cheaply in a great

is all. variety of patterns. Even children can


\Ve are Constantly learning and con- be ﬁtted out from head to foot in the

stantly progrcssing. let us hope. \Ve little frocks and underclothes in stock


know more this year than we kncw last. for them. If one prefers to make a por-

New ideas are being promulgated and tion of the garments instead of purchas-

accepted, all with a view to bettering ing in this way, well and good, but to

ourselves. “'e are not fossils, we live the busy housewifc tllc dcpartment store

to learn, to advance to higher ideals and is often the grczltcst convcnlcncc. No

a lligllcr plane of cxistcllcc. contention is made of L‘<[ll.'ll service be-

It cannot be said that the trend of the tween the home—made and the rcady-

prcscnt is along thc lillc of simplicity. made along certain lines of garmcnts,

Yet each of us call so arrange her affairs but as a. quick way of reducing work to

as to do this if she so elect. Every 21 minimum this matter of buying things

woman may simplify her way of living, ready-lilade is worthy of more than pass-

may cut out unllcccssary work, may set ing tllot.

her table with plaincr but not less wholev The family washing is possibly one of

some nor attractive food, may spcnd the most toilsome tasks about the house.

fewer hours at the sewing 'lllélClllllO if She One reason for this is that there are so

for in the


will. To do this will call for a certain fow conveniences doing it


degree of l‘cSolution but the result will home. Given the applianccs of a modern

pay in the end. It will pay in incrcascd laundry it Would be simplified in a re-

strength to devote to her family ill other markable dcgrcc. “'ith hot and cold


dircclions and in a serenity of mind WHU‘I' piped 10 stationary tubs and mo-

which makes for prolonged youth and fire power supplicd by soml- otllcr than

length of yours. manual means, with wasllcrs and wring-


"l‘oo nlucll ambition or ambition mis- crs and ironing machines all run without


to take upOn effort on the part of the opcrator it would

ought to do. not be a great task to do it. T'ntil co-

ii should be, opcrlltivc luundrics are established the

gardening or work must be done with thc convenien_

poultrying, that surely ought to occupy was at hand. A good washing machinc,

the working hours of any woman. The such as those advcrtiscd ill tho Michigan

balance of the time should be devoted Farmer from time to timc, is a great:

to rest. To do man's work may llcl' llclp. This, with an easy running wringer

dutv in extreme circumstances but such and good soap rcduccs the labor to a

cases are rare ill tllcSc days. It is not ‘llllnllllllnl. It is Wcll known that the best

a propcr feminine occupation to milk laundry soaps possess clcansing propor-

cows. nor should a woman take upon llcr— tics bcyolld those of the home-made

self this task. In fact, no man thinks of product. ’l‘hc most approved brands are

permitting his wife to do the, milking l'ccommcndcd, the special purpose articles

now-a-days any more than he cxpccts ‘Wlll(‘ll are made to extract dirt: from

her to hitch up the team and go into fabrics quickly and easily. T‘hcsc soaps

the ﬁcld to plow. Time was when this uscd frecly actually do most of lllc work

was not an uncommon practice but llap- lllcmsclvcs if used according to the in—

pily it is now obsolete. Structions which accompany them. It

“'e read a great deal these days about docsll't pay to be sharing in their use if

beauty doctors and their ll'cuilllcllts. It we aim to save work.

would appear that our women are taking “lilile the mangle is comparatively

deep interest in their personal appear- little known it is a utensil which will

ance, and are anxious to retain their bear acquaintance. Our English neigh—

youthful freshness, and 'why not? Com- bars have long used this machine to

pare the women of the past generation their satisfaction, and occasionally we

with this and bear witness that they were ﬁnd them in use in this country. One

old at a period whcn present-day women lady who has one in her home recom~

are still fresh and young in form and mends it highly. All ﬂat work, such as

face. Simplifying our mode of living we shccts, pillow cases, towels, and table

add still further to our grasp of life. linen can be ironed with it, altho the

This may be done in a number of ways. lattcr receives its highest gloss onlv by

When, as at present, domestic assistance the use of a hand iron. Underclothes


directed leads a few women

tllcmsclvc-s more than they

If the home is carcd for as

with possibly a little light


bc


I ~ . '-

also can be put thru the mangle altholt

is hard on buttons. For heavy pieces


like quilts and bedspreads this method ’


of ironing is .highly effective, as it is

easily and quickly performed. Of course,

all’ outside garments must be done by

hand since the rollers ﬂatten everything

that passes between them.


Simplifying housework so as to secure

more leisure during the busy ‘season is

entirely pOSsible. There is more cooking

to be done and fruit canning comes on


in the midst of haying and harvesting.‘


But a careful study of the situation will

not fail to reveal a way.


One thing must be remembered, and

that is that meals at this season must not

be neglected. Plenty of nourishing food

is demanded, yet even this may be. gimp-

liﬁed in some instances. A variety

should be planned for and monotony

studiously avoided, with fresh fruits and

vegetables as early in the season. as

possible.


EASILY MADE MAT FRAMES.


BY CARRIE E. HOUGHTON.


There are many unframed pictures that

can be neatly mounted in mat board

frames at very small expense.


The material used for this work should

be of the weight known as 10 ply, and

which can be purchased at most station-

ers in large sheets. The colors of storm

gray and light gray as well as several of

the darkcr shades lend an artistic beauty

to the pictures.


The bdard ,can be cut in any shape


dcsired by laying it upon a table top, or


any hard surface, marking with a pencil

the shape or design you wish to cut.

a, lllll‘l‘ along the

sharp kllifc;

the knife towards the ruler a very pretty

bcvcl can be cut along the edges. Any

little picces where the knife fails to sever

the cardboard can be easily trimmed with

the scissors. .

The pictures are mounted on the back

of fralllc with a littlc pillltl'lgrapllcr's

paste on each corner. By pasting a sheet

of paper ovcr the entire back and fasten-


ing on same a ring hanger, or a strip

of cloth pasted only at each end, they


are made ready to hang up.


The expense is very slight, merely a few

cents each, and the labor amounts to

only a few moments, required to cut the

cardboard and mount the picture.


SUMMER CARE OF WINTER CLOTHES.


BY PANSY VIOLA VINER.


It is very important how winter clothes

are put away if we wish them to come

out ill good condition in the fall ready

for another winter’s wear. It should be

every housewife‘s pride to pack all gar-

ments so that they may be brot out as

trim and fresh as when put away. No

garment or article of clothing should be,

put away ill a soiled or Shabby condi-

tion. Dresses should be brushed, shaken

and hung out to air for several hours.

liust, if left on articles of clothing, works

into them and ruins the color. If there

be any grease or soil of any kind that


does not brush off, then they should be

carefully clcancd «with bcnzinc, ether,

turpentine or ammonia, according to the


nature of the goods. An cxccllcnt clean-

sing mixture is made by taking a fourth

of a pound of fine castile soap and shav-

ing it up ﬁne. Dissolve the soap in hot

water; then add follr quarts of cold

water, a. half pint of liquid ammonia, and

an ounce each of glycerillc, ether and

wine. Bottle and cork tightly, and shake

Wcll before using.


Dresses, aftcr they have been brushed,

cleaned and aired should be carcfully

lookcd -ovcr in regard to trimmings,

braids and hooks, and a stitch given

where necessary, and in Some cases cn-

tirc llcw braid will nccd to be put on.

Before puttillg away the waists remove

all soilcd ncck bands and shields. If

there is closct room it is the best plan

to lot the skirts hang up all summer.

Slip them over a skirt hanger, then they

can be, wrapped looscly in frcsll folds of

newspapcrs, or sliccts can bc used that

are past their usefulness elsewhere, or


better still, are the bags made for the

purpose of muslin, calico or cambric;

these Sll(llll(l be ﬁnished with a dra w-


string at the top.

the waists with tissue paper, also the

front if full, and if trimmed with ribbon

bows stuff these also. i


If articles of clothing are to be piled

on closet shelves tllcy should be ﬁrst

wrapped in newspapers or with old.

sheets. The closets or trunks in which

clothes are to be kept during the su'mg

mer should be thoroly cleaned and aired]


Lay

lines and cut with a_

by deflecting the handle of


Stuff the sleeves of,


The ﬁrst food" 0! the day.

Every man, woman and’child ,heginl‘

the day with more or less vigor of mind

and strength of body according to the‘

, ﬁrst food supplied to the stomach. The:

: best ﬁrst dish of the dayis a bowl of

Quaker Oats. The stomach can assimi-'

late it more quickly and with less effort

than other foods. There is little 6: 110‘

waste and every ounce of food is con-'

verted into muscle, vigor and brain.

‘ activity. The strongest people in the'

| world are the regular eaters of Quaker

, Oats” You should eat it for breakfast:

every day.

The regular size package of Quaker.’

Oats sells for 10c, the large family size

package comes at 25c and 30c.


”WESTERN GANADA


Fifty Bushels per Acre have

been grown. neral average

greater than in any other rt

of the Continent. Under ew

Regulations it is possible to

secure a Homestead of 160 acres

free and an additional 1601mm

at $3.00 per acre.


“ The development of the

country has made marvelous

strides. It is a revelation. a record of

conquest by settlement that is remark-

able." ' Extract from correspondence

of a Missouri Editor. who wanted Can-

ada in August last.


The grain ore of 1908 will net many

farmers $2) to per acre. Grain-rais-

liﬂxed Farming and Dairying

'rinclpal industries. Climate

is exce lent: Social Conditions the

best: Rallwa Advantages une ual-

ed: Schools. hurches and Mar eta

close at hand.


Lands may also be purchased from Railway

and Land Companies. For “Last Best Went"

pamphlets, maps and information a: to how

to secure lowest Railway Rates, apply to Sup’t

oflmmlzratlon, Ottawa, Cam. or to the

authorized Canadian Government Agent.


M. V. McInnes, 6 Ave. Theatre Block.

Detroit Mich.; 0. A. Laurier. Mar-

quette. Mich.


u Pbc all


LANTERNS .

DON'T SNEEZE


There isn’t a raw edge at any part

of the Prisco lantern. There isn’t

l a weak point in its‘ construction.


i But that’s not why


it doesn’t sneeze.

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOK


It not only tells why Prisco lanterns

don’t sneeze,but it has page after page

of lantern facts and Prisco proofs that

will interest you.


THE PRITCHARD - STRONG CO.

1 8 Circle Street - Rochester. N. Y.


Rider Agents Wanted


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"- 3, good a: new ............ $3 to $8


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137 W" cent depuu‘t, pay the freight and allow


'—' TEN DAYS" FREE TRIAL.


.. Tires. coaster-brakes, artS. re-


./ pairs and sundries, halfusual prices. 0 not

buy till you get our catalogs and offer. Write now.


MEAD CYCLE 00.. Dept. D77 Chicago


RS


The only Glass Valve Pump—never

sticks — never fails — always ready.

Also HAY TOOLS, urn Door

Hangers, Ha Rack Clamps.

, Write today for irculurs and Prices.


l EB. Mural: "rm. 260mm». St.,Ashlnml.0.


Pumas


PUMP

THAT

/ Does Your Granite Dish

or Hot Water Bag Leak 7


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They mend all leaks in all utensils—tin

brass,copper,graniteware,hot water bags

etc. No solder: cement or rivet. Any one

_ can use them: his any surface; two million

ln use. bend for sample pkg. 10c. Complete

pkg. auorted sizes, 25c pontpdd. Agent: wanted.

Collette Mtg. 00., Box 5 rs Amsterdam. N. Y.


D‘s‘G‘O—‘(Yﬁ


Pitless, l!" SCALE


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Indispensable on every farm;

nves the time and none you

w wouidspend on I ublic sea. e,and

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before: anything is stored in them. - Little

bags of iavander and camphor should

be scattered, here and them among the

clothing.


If the hats are not to be used for

another season then take off the trim-

mings, clean and lay carefully ,away

from danger of moths.


Fur and fur-lined garments should be

hung out of doors and well aired. An

excellent way to clean furs is to take

rye meal. spread it over the fur, rub it

thoroly in and then carefully brush or

beat it out again. Slip the furs into

large paper bags with plenty of gum

camphor and then glue the top of the

bag together, and there will be no danger

of moths. Flannel shawls, scarfs, and

mittens should also be slipped into paper

bags and sealed. Blankets can be safely

packed away in trunks or boxes if the

proper precautions are taken to have the

blankets clean, and trunk or box lined

with newspapers. After the blankets are

ﬁlled in they should be Well covered

with papers, and plenty of gum camphor

or ﬂannel clothes saturated with turpen-

tine put among the blankets. '


UNIQUE PLACE CARDS FOR MAYODAY

FESTIVITIES. '


BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.


A feeling of joyousness and unwonted

happiness seems invariably to be ushered

into the hearts of every one with the

ﬁrst day of May, the month of wild ﬂow-

ers, with its promises of bright, sun-

shiny days in lieu of the cold, dreary

ones of winter.


To celebrate the occas-


ion is only the most natural consequence,

and has been so looked upon for many

centuries, for May-day festivities are old,

indeed, yet new in delights with each

recurring year.


Since ﬂowers are of especial signiﬁcance

at this glad season it is also only na-

tural to give them the place of honor on

place cards and souvenirs wherever pos-

sible. A few suggestions for the hostess

who does not feel like patronizing the

shops where hand painted cards are for

sale accompany this article in the shape

of ﬂoral place cards which any one at

all handy with pen or pencil may copy.

They will also open up lines of thot

which will bring to the reader’s mind

other ideas, equally good or better, which

may be used for May—day parties, whether

for children or grown-ups.


No. 4 is a somewhat conventionalized

ﬂoral motif, with a double line around

the edge. This line may be one solid


widt'h, if prcfcrrol'l. and other flowers may

be substituted.


The same general idoa


No. 4.

might be carriod out, keeping ihc size

of thc cards the same thruout, and ﬁn-

ishing them in like manner, save for


the fact that a different Ilowcr is used on

each. N0. 2 is more elaborate, No. 3

somewhat on the ordcr of a Good Luck

wish, and No. 1 also opens the way for a

wide variety of subjects.


All of these will look well in water

colors if the worker is capable of using

these to advantage; otherwise, pen and

ink, gold or silver paint or dye may be

uscd. Another plan, which the ordinary

unskilled worker may feel safer in un-

dertaking is to cut the shapes of the

various flowers selected from paper of a

color which will harmonize with the re-

mainder of the decorations, or of the

color best ﬁtted to the individual ﬂower

in mind. The lines which serve as veins,

etc., can then easily be followed in ink

or paint, and the names and date added.

Still another possibility is to make use

'of‘the large ﬂowers pictured so often on

cards and in ﬂoral catalogues in colors.

Cut these out neatly, and inscribe the


name thereon. .If they are on thin paper,

which'wili not hold its place nicely, or

which will tear readily they may be

mounted over thin cardboard.


UNLEAVENED BREAD.


BY MARY FOSTER SNIDER.


’ Unleavened bread is the easiest of all

breads- to make as it is not fermented

in any way, and no means are taken to

aerate it by any chemical process. To

ensure success the ingredients should be

ice cold and the oven unusually hot. Sift

the quantity of ﬂour required with a little

(a teaspoonful of salt to a quart of ﬂour),

and mix to a thick batter with very cold

water or milk, or half of each. Flatten

it out into thin squares or strips and bake

in a very hot oven. When the bread is

very thin and the oven is sufficiently hot,

enough steam is quickly generated to

make the cakes almost as light as if

chemicals were used, and they are ex-

ceedingly nice when eaten 'hot. The un-

leavened bread of the Passover feast is

made without salt.


Another unfermented and very pleasing

bread is'that called aerated. A few years

ago one heard and read a great deal of

its desirability but it is comparatively

unnoticed now. It was sometimes made

light by a chemical process, but 'when

made light by air only is much superior

in point of healthfulness. Some expe-

rience is necessary before one can count

upon success with aerated bread, and the

Work of making it is a good deal more

arduous than when baking powder is

used, but when one has once mastered


No. 3.


the essential points of its manufacture a

little practice will bring assured success.

The best known form of aerated bread is

in the beaten biscuit southern cooks excel


~ - fHEMIQHIGAN FARMER -


in making. The receipt is given below.

Beaten Biscuit—Into a quart of whole

wheat ﬂour mix a large cup of thin sweet

cream in the same manner as for brcak-

fast rolls. The dough must be Very stiff

and made soft and pliable by kneading,

and afterward pounding with a mullet

for at least half an hour in the following

manner: Pound the dough out ﬂat and

of the same thickness thruout; dredge

lightly with ﬂour; double the dough ovcr

evenly and pound quickly around the out—

side, to fasten the cdges together and

thus retain the air within the dough.

\Vhen well worked the dough will appcar

flaky and brittle, and pulling a piece of

it off quickly will cal‘lse a sharp snapping


sound. Mould into small biscuits, making

a hole in the ccntre of eachwhold the

biscuit in the left hand, and with the


thumb and finger of the right hand press

tho dough until they meet. Place on

pcrforatcd tins, with a space between,

and put at once into the oven. The oven

should be the same tcmpcrature as for

rolls. If they are soggy inside when cold

they wore not well baked, as they should

be light and tender. If preferred, use

one-third white flour instead of all whole-

wheat.


KEROSENE OIL IN THE LAUNDRY

AND KITCHEN.


BY LAUREL KIRK.


Vthn the ﬂatirons get wet or rusty soak

them in the oil and scour with ashes, and

before using rub a cloth dampened with

oil over them and they 'will be perfectly

smooth. A little kerosene poured in the

starch will prevent the starch from stick—

ing to the irons and gives a nice lustre

to the cloth.


Lace curtains may be easily cleaned by

using oil in the washing. To do this put

them to soak over night in warm suds

to which a small cupful of oil ‘has been

added, then remove them from this suds

in the morning and wash thru a suds

made of soft water and a good soap.

Rinse carefully, using plcnly of clear soft

water that all the oil and soap may be

taken from them. They will need no

boiling unless they are badly soiled. Very

little rubbing is needed. if the work is

carefully done the lace curtains will come

thru this cleansing process looking as

fresh and pretty as ever.


l


l

l


l


_ Plan for

Summer Comfort


Don’t add the heat of a kitchen

ﬁre to the sufﬁcient discomfort of

hot weather.


Use a New Perfection Wick Blue

Flame Oil Cook-Stove and cook in

comfort.


(15) 507 ,


.u t l ' o i

”a“! O _

,, ﬂ

I 0 DD

”‘3. 90 88 ii

0


With a “New Perfection”


“baking,” is done without rais-

ing the temperature perceptibly

above that of any other room

in the house.


"H.053


by opening irrigation ditch.


Oil Stove the preparation of 2/

daily meals, or the big weekly -


Another great advantage of the


NEW PERFECTION

ick Blue Flame 0il Cook-Stove


is its handsome CABINET TOP, which gives it every

convenience of the modern steel range.

top shelf for warming plates and keeping cooked food hot,

drop shelves for holding small cooking utensils, and is

even ﬁtted with racks for towels. Made in three sizes,

and can be had with or without Cabinet Top.


at your dealer’s address our nearest agency.


The Kayo Lamp


or low—is therefore free from disagreeable odor and can-

not smoke. Safe, convenient, ornamental—the ideal light. .

If not at your dealer's address our nearest agency.

STANDARD OIL COMPANY


Has an ample


If not


gives perfect

combu 5 tion

whether high


(Incorporated)


3

i


You can make rain in the


— Arkansas Valle


Water when wanted makes sugar beets


that can’t be beat.


I am employed by the Santa Fe Railway to

help scttlc up the vast territory along its lines

in the Southwest.


I am an optimist about that scction, but am

not a partisan with rcspcct to any particular

locality therein. It's my business and my wish

to tell the truth about all of them.


There is a valley in western Kansas and

eastern Colorado zoo lllllCS long and seven

miles Wide, through which ﬂows the Arkansas


river on _ils way from the Colorado Rockies to

the MiSs‘isstppi.


It is bordered by upland prairies stretching

many miles north and south.


The land in the Arkansas Vallcy proper is

all privately 0\\'llL‘(l. "he owners will scll,

many of thcm, for A reasonable price, in ordcr

to cut (loun their holdings. You don't lived

to occupy a big: tract, lircausc intensive form-

ing is now proﬁtable under irrigation.


On the uplands, whcrc “dry farming” can

be practiced successfully, are millions of acrcs

0f unoccupied Government land, which can he

homesicatlcd. you are interested in such

lands, will be glad to post you further. They

require only a small investmcnt per acre and

rapidly increase in value when brought under

cultivation.


If you plan to become a hoincstcadcr, hurry

up, because 365,0oo acres wcrc taken up in

thrco years, and first-comers are getting the

choicest lands.


“ under the ditch


rights.


innncnsc reservoirs.


factory.


Alfalfa and fruit, too


Most of the new settlers buy small tracts

in thc irrignble area of the

valley, as it means sure crops and good water

There are 7oo milcs of canals fed by

The pricc of land varies

according to proximity to town and beet-sugar


n


The sugar boot is a ready—money crop.


factories ill


a rcturn


Colorado and


()llC


{Hl'lllk‘i' Cflll C(lllllt


out in


the


bccts 111 one year alone.


Alfalfa is out four_ or


it is a bcttcr


{null ll\'C


tor


and is the important crop hcrc.


Fruit comcs


Rocky Ford cantaloupes


next.


arc ~ A wcll, thry


raised in the Colorado cud of thc vallcy.


many


of July.


w a i crnic


ions are produced


bcrs for their seed is very protitablc.


Cut out this advertisement and mail it to


me with your

mail you

the Story in


scckcrs’ monthly, Tho [furl/l, six months free.


_ name and full address. l wi

illustrzut-(l land folth-rs which ltfll

(lctzul and solid you our home-


Qucstions promptly answered.


C. L. SEAGRAVES, Ccn. Colonization Agt.,

A. T V


1171-le


A. HENCKEL’S RAZOR.


the best made. Thorc was never

Often they sell for $3.00. By buying

them to our Subscribt‘l‘s for $1.50 ouch.


A. chckcl's works was cstnlxlisht‘d t

rt-s


reputation all over the world. You can


made than the Henckel's razor.


razors were awarded the highest diplomas for

guarantee those razors in cvcry way,

smooth shth- can have it and at a. price that

olscw‘her


HE MlCHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.


workmanship. We absolutely

our subscribers who wish a mum,

is less than they can buy the sumo


T


is know


thine;


Pumplt‘

that


in 1721.


flii'


who know


’l‘hoy

assured that there

At the St. Louis Exposition in 1004 the I-Icnckel

exoellcnce of goods in quality and

and those of


. t S. l“. Ry. System,


Railway Exchange, Chicago.


what a

A.


lllt‘ .l.


gained a,

is nothing


huvo


Address


9.


.‘d


in thc Kansas

scction stand ready to take the product of all

the acreage the farmers will put in, assuring

which

$3,000,000 were paid this valley for

ﬁve times a season.

stock than com


You know how popular


' _ > that \Vatcr-

lilL‘lUll Day, ill the l‘illl, VlL‘S With the Fourth

(.rowmt: melon, squash and cucum-


g‘oml l‘leOl‘

llt‘llki‘l‘s razor is

a lionI-kcl‘s razor sold for loss 111;”, $2.00 and

1,01)” of them we got them so that we can 5911


great

liner


Six


0 ii.


are

So
508‘ ('16).-

'[HE BUREAU. FOR SICKNESS.


BY CHARLOTTE A. AIKENSQ


Every careful intelligent housewife

should make some provision' for the

emergencies that illness or accident are

sure to bring. An old trunk, or a box

with a cover, answers well for holding the

supply. The wide-awake, up-to-datc

farmer has his tool chest for ﬁxing up

his various implements and machines.

He goes even farther than that. He

studies up on the various ills that are

likely to aﬂiict his farm animals, and

keeps ready some appliances to use when

sickness occurs in his particular part of

the domestic domain. In a great many

farm homes it will be found that the

farmer is better equipped to deal with

sudden illness among the animals, than

the farmer’s wife is to deal with sick—

ncss among the children. \Vhen illness

or accident suddenly descends. there is

a grand stampede, a chase hither and

thither to get together the things that

should have been ready. The bareness

of some palatial farm homes of the sim-

plest appliances for use in sickness. can

only be accounted for in the old explana-


tion, that is as old as the Children of

Israel: ”My people doth not consider."

There is really no other reason to be


given for it, for every intelligent person

knows that such things will be called for

periodically, in the best regulated homes

as well as in the worst.


“'hercver there is machinery and

wherever there are children, clean, soft

old white cloths will be needed for cuts

of varying degrees, from the simple abra-

sion of the skin to the deeper wounds


that threaten the loss of a ﬁnger, and

often more serious trouble. Old hand-

kerchiefs come in nicely for small


wounds. Pieces of old white shirts and

other articles can be saved for use where

larger dressings might be needed.


A few bandages also should be in readi-

ness. These can be made, of parts of old

sheets that are not worn thru. The

sizes of bandages that will be most need—

cd are the t\Vo—and-<inc—half inch roller

bandage and the one inch or one and a

quarter inch tingcr bandage. In making

thcse bandages tear off the sclvedge edge.

Have some of the two-aud-a—half inch

bandages, at least ten yards long, others

from two to live yards long. In joining,

lay the ends flat one. on top of another,

and tack ﬁrmly. The bandage may be

rolled tightly over-a lead pcncil»——after-

ward removing the pencil and pinning

the end.


Instead of making it necessary for any


member of a well rcgulatcd household

who has a sore throat to take off his


sock and pin it around his neck, have

some pieces of flannel that can be used

for such purposes, put away. The pieces

can be washed aftcr use, and will do for

years. Old table, napkins make excellent

soft compresscs when wet applications

for the throat are nccdcd.


Some picccs of old blankets or the

backs of woolen undervcsts should always

be on hand. In many cases of severe

pain in the abdomen, or indeed in almost

any part of the body. tlanncls wrungr out

of hot water at ints ryals of tcn or iiftmn

minutes, appliwd 1o thl- part. and covert-d


with a dry cloth will give speedy ll‘ll‘f.


An’iong the smolhr things llil'Jl.l 1,.

nun'iotud a iraprr of shitty pi». slur--

good toiht soup Hum-i m. 11. Mini some krill

of good toimt poxyutz. in Ivor. \nmzr-

the skin is l‘ll Mini li‘.‘;';"~ ‘ ‘ r»! n—

hurn or whaling, tl.-- tel.“ d in; 1 tll-r

will be found useful.


Three or tour bricks- inn? vsisrij: be

kept in rcadincss. In cast of a cold

coming,r on, a good sweat is about as

good a rcmrdy as any that can bc bot,


and a half dozcn hot bricks will greatly

holp swrating' promvrs. In

almost any case of illncss in thc wintcr

artiﬁcial hcat to thc fct-t will be needed,


alum: the


and wln-n the ground is covcred with

snow, bricks are not easy to find. A


rubber hot water bottle is also a good

thing to keep in stock. The old fash—

iont-d poultices once so common are now

seldom used, prcfcrcncc being given to

the comprcsscs wrung out of hot water,

or the dry hcat from the hot water bags.


In families where there are children,

every mother should have a fountain sy—

ringe that can be used in emergency.

This may he of agate iron. tin, or rubber.

Any apparatus that will hold from a half

gallon to a. gallon of water, and that

is so constructed as to admit of a yard

or two of quarter—inch rubber tubing

being attached, may be used but the

point is, do not wait till some dire. need

arises before getting it. For general pur—

poses the agate iron or tin fountain sy-

ringes will prove more durable than the


r


.w . ' ., a“ .

rubber. In cases of convulsions in infants


or small children, -perhaps four times out

of ﬁve, the trouble is caused or aggra-

vated by an Overloaded stomach or bowel,

or the presence in the digestive tract

of some indigestible material. The ﬁrst

thing to do is to give an emetic and

then get the bowel emptied as quickly

as possible, by ﬂushing it freely with

warm water. A teaspoonful of salt ad-

ded to each pint of water is helpful.

After that the child may be put in a

warm bath. In a great many cases no

further treatment will be needed but it

is poor policy to have nothing provided

to work with, and have to send perhaps

several miles to a doctor to get an ap-

pliance which every house should have.

A great many cases of so-called “fever-

ishness" in children, come from sluggish

liver and bowels. \Vhile a cathartic of

some kind is nearly always needed in

such cases, a good injection of warm soap

suds into the bowels will quickly relieve

the distress in many instances.


In many farm homes the man has his

syringe for use in “doctoring” his stock,

but the mother with her brood of little

ones is prepared to trust to Providence.

or to chance, to help her to ﬁght the ills

that Ihrtaten child life. Equally neces-

sary is it for every mother to keep in

stock a bedpan and not have to depend

on borrowing her neighbor's, when one is

needed. These things can be purchased

so cheaply that there is no excuse in

most homes except sheer thotlessness, for

not having them. Better far do without

the new lace curtains or feathers for the

hats if necessary, and provide such things

than to have the life of some member of

the family threatened, or endangered,

for need of these things to work with.


The little bits of cotton batting left

over from quilt making, can be boiled in

water to which a little washing soda has

been added and thus made absorbent.

cotton should then be. well rinsed and

dried and pinned up in a cloth. In course

of time this Cotton will come in handy in

a great, many different ways in dressing-

small wounds.


In most cases of serious illness some-

thing to protect the bed will be. needed.

The rubber sheet is rather more expen—

sive than oilcloth but is more durable

and more satisfactory in several ways.

In the absence of these, sevcral layers

of newspapers covered with a pad may

be used, but if the illness is likely to be.


'l‘hc “


prolonged, it is better not to depend on

the newspapers for protection.


In every home there should be. a tray

of some kind that can be used to carry

a meal upstairs. A visit to a well-or-

dered, l‘clincd home, recently taught the

the need of touching on this point. For

ycars in that home the grandfather had

had his breakfast served to him in bed.

Day after day, the daughter-in-law or

the grandmother carried that breakfast

up, often having to make two or three

trips. First they carried the. oatmeal.

Next trip, they carried the little tcapot,

cup and saucer, and food. If he nccdcd

(-xti‘a salt or sugar, that meant anothcr


.

.\.


x


1‘


V r ‘ v I \ . . .I“

, I l

. m... t .. Absolutely.

~ - permanently airtight. the

ARCADIAN cuts the fuel

\\\\\\‘ bill at least one-third. It is air.

tight fifteen or twenty yearo'after-

. wards—a lifetime. No range could be that my. unless.

like the AR C AD IAN it werenmde of non-breakable.

malleable iron and charcoal iron plates. not cast-iron, not

steel. Cast-iron and so-called steel ranges can only be bolted

together. and their joints stuffed with stove putty. For six

months, a year, perhaps a year and a half. they are airtight. then

\ the stove putty crumbles. but

s “W RANGE

§ NON-BREAKABLE

§

5 are riveted airtight. the name i -— v’ r' , II—

E can locomotive boiler—no If . _ ll- . I

= putty to crumble away. As long ; r - l ‘

'=' 8:.tfhe Ii'ange lasts—and it lasts for ' , -

.' a I e t m e—you can control the ‘ -

' dfle'e beyt'muse there are no false . : ACTUALLY

ra ts. ou can regulate exactly

your heat f or b a k in g—can easily REDUCES

keep a fire all night, and when you FUEL '

shut the range off. the fire is checked. . l

and this is one reason why the Blll 3

ARCADIAN issuchasplendid s

baker. fuel-saver. and so easy to

keep clean.

It is easier to buy a poor range than “

a good one. You will protect yourself

if you will write for our free booklet.

The ARCADIAN is such a good range

that we dare give you all the inside

facts about range construction.

Write Today

For Free Booklet

Aﬁcadi ataMalleable

ange ompany , E, . My»; " ‘t

% MILWAUKEE. WIS. ' ' “Cunard ‘

/ DEPT. 16 . "‘ . Hitlitall mu co -

///// mtmuxlf W5 . w

//l . ,‘ , ' ° ‘ '

Here Is Something New

From Kalamazoo

Prove for yourself in your own home. that the Kalamazoo is the most

p::ffft;;‘;:sllei:?::2lical—.mom satisfactory range for you to use—Your

n Sehh for Catalog No. 113 with special terms and compare Kalamazoo prices with others

Cash Or Time Payments

We want every housewife to know the comfort and convenience of a Kala-

. mazoo in her home. You can buy on only time payments or pay cash if

g .' you like. Either way—you save $10 to 320 on any stove in the catalog, We

, ~ make it easy for responsible people to own the best stove or range in the world. .


We Pay the

Freight


‘A Kalamazoo


Direct to You"


CURES


trip. Twenty—live ccnts would have pro-


Vltlt'd a handy lunch tray, which Would HE ﬁ DACHES


have hold all that was needed, and the


whofc thingr Would have had lhv- appcar-


“pm of good .‘Iiiiinigm'hcnt and 3‘43”” 10¢..25¢9 50¢, & $19.0 BOttles.


l..'1._. 'i‘fi :1.:‘i.n~r of wrafnu fwd to


law :-}r ‘r: in :w'w ' “-ﬁ fa." :: (nul—


. ‘ ' ‘ N EW.’ STE L

in tlw "41.37.13, ;: . 'f " 1'.“ ~ g. I


was or.” «rows z; ‘ 3 mod Roo I" G


for (li«ii;l:t-.niw:«s. sz . the,


most rebuilt” Mr 1 .H- in that congress-i. .


(If {lif- l"ilill’~‘i'.'l'. 1"1’1“ Dill iii“ Jill-ltlf'Fl 6 PER


stem ill a vial of water, and when ll had , 6/ C


rootr-d, bvggwd an old tlowcr-pot. \thn

1hr,- piant was startcd shc offered it to

the matron of the jail its, a

gratitude for her kind treatment, and a

pledge that it should not lw \vaslml upon

her. “It‘lowcrs arc thc alphabet of an—

gels,” Says the they

were spclling out, in this hard heart, a

gospel of better things.


poet, and surcly


\Vait until the ground is quite warm

and then plant the cosmas. As soon as

the. little plants appear, thin to eighteen

inches apart in the rows. \thn ton

inches to a foot high pinch off. tops

once. to induce a bushy growth; then se-

curely stake to prevent the plant from


token of1 ,


dropping to the ground. In good soil

the plant often reaches a height of six

or eight feet if properly soiled. Seed

planted the latter part of May or~ the

first of June will bloom the latter part

of July of the first of August. I


The sewing machine I bot from the;

Michigan Farmer is very nice and satis-

factory—August Illner, Brant, Mich.


Easy to put on. requires no tools but a hatchet or a hammer. With ordinar care il

Most ”braille and outtlast busy cttlLelr lfzind. Thousaudaloflsatisﬁeg] customers everywhere haveyprovenwit:

vir ues. m a e or covering any ui ding. 30 best for Ceilin and sidin . IRE-


Economlcal Known PROOF no ucummc PROOF. Cheaper and. more lastiugg than shingles..- Will

not taint rain water. Makes your building cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Absolutely perfect. Brand new.

8 l .60 is our price for our No. 10 grade of Flat Semi-Hardened Steel Rooﬁng and Siding, each sheet 24 in. wide and 6 or 8

ft._ long. .Our price on the Corrugated. like illustration, sheets 22 in. wide and 6 or 8 ft. long. $1.85. Steel Pressed

Brick‘biding. PER .QUARE, 3|.85. Fine Steel Beaded Ceiling. PER SQUARE. $1.85. Also furnish Standing Scam

and V Crimped Roof- WE PAY THE FREIGHT to all points east of Colorado except 0kla.. Tex.. and ind.

mg. At these prices Ter. Quotations to other points on application. SATIS-

FI'ACTIQI'J GUARANTEED OR MONEY REFUNDED. We ship this rooﬁng to anyone answering this Ad., 0. 0. D .

With privdcge of examination if you send us 25 per cent of the amount of your order in cash; balance to be aid after

gaﬁr‘iilorénﬁiss yéouih etgtiou. LIf 11:8 found ”It regresonted.Twe lwill cheerfully refund your ,deposit. {SK FOR

. . . 9 owes rices on 00 u Enve rou 5 Wire Pi ' ' .


hold Goods and everything needed on the farm or in of; hom g ' ’ pe, Fencmg. Plumbing, Doors. House


WE BUY oun GOODS A1; SHERIFFS' AND RECEIVERS’ SALES

Chicago House Wrecking 00., 35th &. Iron Sts., Chicago


WWW/ATE”

HARTSHORN

SHADE ROLLERS


Bear the script name of

Stewart llartshorn on label.

Get " Improved," no tacks required.


Wpod Rollers Tin Rollers


e Can Fruit &Ve'geiah|es


with THE BARTLETT CANNE‘R-


FOUR SIZES, $65 to $200.


There’s , M O N EY in it.


Write CANNERS' SUPPLY‘CO” Detroit, Mich


wthu—n, "A V.


Emu-I (".2
i

i.

E

'p.


ii.


. . -. . .,~.\. 9:, ,,, 1 ..

,v 1;.W‘7.v.,vavvvvvlvvvvv


RANGE v~


“AAAAAAALAAA'AAA‘AAAAAA'


Our Manes—”The Farmer is 'of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”


THE MAY PROGRAMS.


Leading Suggestions. for First Meeting.

“By supplying right activities for chil-

dren we displace the wrong ones.”

Soil Fertility—II.‘ Making possible plant


food available. .

Dialogue, by children of Grange fami-


lies.

The Child—II. His activities.

Music for this meeting may be secured

by the oldest member of the Grange.

Suggestions for Second Meeting.

“Whatever is wrong with agricultural

America is due in large measure to 1m-

'poverished soils.” ,

Soil Fertility—III. Barnyard manure.

Grand March, by entire Grange.

. The Child——-III. Diseases and some

habits of the body. .

Music and recitation for this meeting

Gto be secured by the youngest member

of the Grange. -


___.__-—————-—-—-


BALANCED GRANGE RATIONSt


The Grange attempts to furnish a just

proportion of both entertainment and ed-

ucation at every meeting under its aus-

pices. This is the ideal aim. True, it is

not an aim easily realized.


You may ﬁgure up and weigh out a

balanced ration for Lady Jersey at the

dairy barn with reasonable expectation

that She will eat and do fairly well upon

it. But a thousand minor considerations

enter into the mapping out of a menu

for a Grange that will, with equal cer-

tainty, build it into a strong organiza-

tion. All conditions of human variable-

ness, multitude of tastes and previous

experiences are likely to be represented

in its membership and m'ust be reckoned

with. The temptation with the many is

the temptation that comes to each indi—

vidual, that of Simply following the mani-

fest bent of inclination. In some Granges

this would lead to all froth, and in oth~

ers to all sediment. Over against this,

the method of having a balanced ration

must supply bot-h the serious and the

sentimental sides of subjects, the local

and-the broader aspects of legislative,

civic, economic and human topics on the

programs, all in just ratio—besides main—

taining the other Grange activities.


At no season is this balance harder to

maintain than in the spring of the year.

Pressing duties urge upon us the absolute

necessity of knowing more about the work

of the farm and home. All our need and

ignorance seem to meet and augment

now. Just at this juncture the (hinge

has a splendid opportunity to give prac-

tical information. Is it taking up these

plain, everyday topics and dealing with

them helpfully?


The bulk of farm buying is done in the

spring-seeds, fCl‘lllth-"YS, implements,

twine, fencing and spraying materials

must be hot. Is the Grange attending

to this department in its season?


Legislation is culminating at the Capi-

tol. Is the Grange exerting its bounden

part there in deciding important matters

that will affect its people most?


After the winter season comes the en—

rolling of new members in the Grange

itself. Are their reception, initiation and

welcoming going on with the spirit that

convinces of sincerity and gcnuineness?


Surely, the balanced Grange ration is

not easy to compound, but the effort to

attain it tends to develop all-round men

and women. JENNIE BUELL.


MUSKEGON COUNTY LECTURERS’

CONFERENCE.


Those present were: Pomona Lecturer

0.. F. Marvin, Pomona Master .I. S.

\‘Valker and Mrs. Walker, Mrs. Raynor,

Lecturer of Muskegon Grange, Mrs. Em-

ma Ruck, Lecturer of Trent Grange, and

Mrs. Will Ragan, and W. C. Nistle, Lec-

turer 0f Silica Grange. Four Granges

were represented, as Mr. Marvin is also

lecturer of Alumina Grange, of Holton.


The discussion was informal, some

topms being: The use of pantomimes,

drills, etc.; decoration of rooms for special

programs; value of roll call and question

box; securing the co-operation of par-

ents for the children's work; how to ob-

tain a greater sense of responsibility for

the work done under the lecturer; value

of contests, etc; necessity of securing

popular leaders; the committee plan for

lecturer’s work; entertainment Vs. edu~

cation as the leeturer’s duty, etc.


Good points brot out in discussion were

The lecturer needs and should secure,

the active co-operation not only of every

oﬂicer but of every member of his

Grange. This and other means are neces-

Sary for securing a greater feeling of're-

sponsibility.for-the success of the lecture

work.’ The use of the roll call is recom-


me d, especially for special programs.

The:


g‘s'tion box has been found unde-


. ., . ,


lemme. 'pri'iiei ally because '6: foolish:


’ ment.


embarrassing, or otherwise undesirable

q‘ueﬁ’tiOns. ‘tl‘hemeed is felt or greater co-.‘

0 eration of- the parents in the prepara-

ton of. children’s work. not only for the


good of the program but to develop the


child’s sense of honor and responsibility

Pictures, ﬂowers, etc., are excellent to

use in connection with special programs.

The assistant stewards should aid in this

work. Special Contests, division of talent

according to age, etc., are a great help

in drawing out the difﬁ-dent, etc. Mention

was made of the committee plan for lec-

turer’s work. Mr. Burns, Lecturer of

Lake Harbor Grange, was to discuss this

as he uses it, but he failed to arrive.

Mrs. Ruck told of a contest between the

boys and girls of Trent Grange, just won

by the boys, various items, such as _es-

says, recitations, music, etc., providing

the basis of scoring. “Education vs.

Entertainment,” was well discussed. We

seem to lean too much toward entertain-

Muskegon Pomona affairs were

also discussed—W. C. Nistle, Lect. Silica

Grange.


CHARLEVOIX COUNTY POMONA.


Charlevoix Co. Pomona met with South

Arm Grange, Thursday, April 15. The

bad condition of the roads cut down the

attendance but the hall was well ﬁlled.

The meeting was opened by Worthy Mas-


, ter Ward and then turned over to the


lecturer.- Bro. St. John, Master of South

Arm Grange, gave the address of wel-

come, which was responded to by Pomona

lecturer. Master Ward explained the slo-

gan of Charlevoix Pomona, “500 for Tra-

verse City next December,” and the plans

of the Pomona ofﬁcers in regard to mak-

ing it good. South Arm promised to

furnish its quota of the 500.


Brother A. E.~Palmer, of Kalkaska, de-

livered the principal address, the topic

being “A comparison of the agricultural

conditions of the south with those of

Michigan.” Bro. Palmer having just re—

turned from an extended trip thru the

south, and being a shrewd observer and

a good talker, it is unnecessary to say

we were given a rare treat.


The regular committees reported Grange

prospects in Charlevoix county in a thriv—

ing condition. After supper the third

degree was exemplified by South Arm

degree team in a very creditable man-

ner. Next meeting will be held with

Marion Center Grange, June 3, when

the fifth degree will be, conferred by a.

picked team from Marion Center Grange.

~——Glenn M. Dubois.


COMING EVENTS.

Pomona Meetings.


Ingham Co., with Alaiedon Grange,

Friday, May 14.


Charlevoix Co., with Marion

Grange, Thursday, June 3.


Kent Co., with Oakfield Grange, “fed-

nesday, June 23. Miss Jennie Buell, State

Speaker.

‘VWW‘


g FARMERS’ eggs]


Address all correspondence relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. W.

L. Cheney, Mason, Mich.


Center


CLUB WORK FOR THE YOUNG

' PEOPLE.


How to interest the young people in

Club work has been a problem with many

of the local clubs thruout the state. The

“suggestion offered by the example of the

Grosse lie Farmers’ Club, which main—

tains what it calls a Junior Club, as de-

scribed in this department dining the

winter, should be followed out in a prac-

tical way as a means of interesting the

young people in club work, and there is

no better season for this departure than

the spring of the year. Why not join

hands with the general movement for the

improvmncnt of the lchigan corn crop

and organize a corn club as an auxiliary

branch of the Farmers’ Club. Practical,

competitive work will interest the young

people, 1mrticulurly the boys, far more

than will the routine work of the club.,

Let this be an educational feature of

Club work, and give the boys of the ncigh~

borhood a chance to compete in the grow-

ing of corn for exhibition in a special

class at the club fair, and later make an

exhibit at the state corn show. Provide

some similar practical work for the girls

as well, and they will naturally become

interested in the other work of the club

and will develop into live and active

members of the community as well as of

the farmers’ club.


CLUB DISCUSSIONS.


Improved Methods of Raising Corn.—

At the April meeting of the Inghum (‘0.

Farmers’ Club, with,.Iudgc Norris, the

above topic was talked upon by Mr. A.

W. chitt’, who said in part: “Much

attentihn has been paid to the art of

Improving corn. Those commercially in-

terested in breeding corn strive to im~

prove the type of the car as well as the

kernel; to give more value for feeding

purposes, manufacturing interests and

the heft. He had various ears of corn

there and the inexperienced could plainly

see the difference in the weight, the


smaller ear with rows of kernels close to-


gether being heavier than a larger ear

-w1th a larger cob, and the kernels fur—

ther apart. The selection of your seed


MICHHJAN FARMER


coal ‘was of Vital Importance and he

recommended testing every ear, that there

be no failure. This was followed by

thoro cultiv'ation,' and he advocated the


use of the wide tooth—to take of! the.


narrow teeth and replace them with the

wide tooth. Do all the work you can,

but stop cultivating when the silk ap-

pears, for to break or injure the silks

injures the corn and it does not mature.

Do not be satisﬁed 'with less than 125

baskets of corn per acre and strive to

have the butt end of the cob small. This

can be done by selection, and aside from

more corn, it husks easier. He also recv

ommended going thru a small portion of

your ﬁeld and removing all barren stalks,

that the pollen from these will not fer—

tilize the good ears, and save your seed

from this part of the field. If you will

carefully do this one or two years you

will get rid of the barren stalks. Mr.

J-ewett kindly answered all questions, and

altogether it was a proﬁtable time and

an interesting topic at this time of year.


The Rainy Day.—Mrs. Tanswell gave a

short paper upon “What Shall we do on

Rainy Day-s?” and somewhat surprised

her audience by not giving work out of

doors. One of the ﬁrst things not to do

was, don’t fret and worry because you

cannot do what you had planned. but

keep busy, if nothing more than writing

letters, sewing, mending or writing a

paper for the Farmers’ Club.


Elect Honorary Members for Term.—

Mrs. Cheney, as chairman of the com-

mittee appointed at the last meeting to

look over the list of honorary members,

gave her report, which was accepted and

adopted. This was in accordance with

the resolution passed at the February

meeting, that from now on the term of

an honorary member should be for three

years, and the committee carefully looked

over the list and recommended the names

of all those that keep an interest in our

work by attending the meetings, or when

too far away, by correspondence. The

next meeting of this club will be. with Mr.

and Mrs. W. H. Horton, at “The Home-

stead,” on the second Saturday in May.


Will Hold Evening Meetings.——The

Sherman Farmers’ Club met April 17 at

the home of Mr. and Mrs. Judson Lyons.

Mr. Barnhard gave two ﬁne rccitations

while the ladies were preparing dinner.

After all had partakcn of a good dinner

the meeting was called to order by the

vice—president, Miss Blanche t‘artcr, the

president being absent. The exercises

opened with a song by the club. The

regular business was thcn transacted and

the rest of tho afternoon was spent in

l‘stcning to an excellent program. The

Club ‘will next meet with Mr. and Mrs.

I’ul'f. about tho middle of May, the date

to be announced later. During the sum~

mer months the meetings will be held in

the evening. Mrs. I)c11a \Yclch was ad-

ded to our list as a new membcr.—Mrs

1.. Kcmpcrmnn, (Tor. Soc.


1r YIIII [egg A MEDIIIINE,

YOU snoum HAVE 1115 men.


Although there are hundreds of prep-

arations advertised, there. is only one

that really stands out pre-eminent as a

remedy for diseases of the kidneys, liver-

and bladder.


Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp—Root stands the

highest, for the reason that its remark-

able health restoring properties has been

found to be just the remedy needed in

thousands upon thousands of even the

most distressing cases.


Swamp-Root makes friends quickly

because its mild and immediate effect is

soon realized. It is a gentle, healing

vegetable compound——a specialist's pre-

scription for a speciﬁc disease.


Swamp—Root is not recommended for

everything.


A Sworn Certiﬁcate of Purity is with

every bottle.


For sale at all drug stores, in bottles of


. two sizes—ﬁfty-cents and one-dollar.


SAMPLE BOTTLE FREE BY HAIL.


In order to prove what Swamp—Root,

the great kidney, liver and bladder rem-

edy, will do for you, every reader of the

Detroit Michigan Farmer who has not al-

ready tried it, may receive a sample bottle

by mail absolutely free. Address Dr. Kil-

mer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y. Write

to-day.


ANSWER


This MI and Get Ily Big FREE Book and San $50


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the world—My price has made it—Savedealergo her

and catalog house profit. No such price as I make

on this high grade Spreader has ever been made

berm-elm allmanure spreader history. Here’s the

secret and reason: I make you a price on one based

on a 25,000 guantity and pay the freight right; to

your station. You onl for actual material,

labor and one small pro t, based on this enormous

quantity on I


GALLOWAY


Get my bran new proposition with proof—lowest

price ever made on a ﬁrst class spreader, with my

agreement to pay on back your money after you

trﬁit 12 months if t's not. a. paying Investment.


ow’s that for a. proposition? f I did not have

best. spreader I would not. dare make such an offer.


“Dignity of Farm Life" was the sub-

ject of a vcry nicely prepared paper read

at a recent meeting of the North New-

burg Club, of Shiawrissee (‘o., by h’li‘s.

F. 1), Clark, who said she t-hot farm life

was attaining a dignity never before

known, Not a solemn, long faced ditt-

nity, but a hearty cheerful dignity de-

manding recognition of the important

position they occupy. President Roosevelt

added a dignity to the farm life by the

appointment of the country life com-

mission and it would be well for us to

make, use of their reeommcndutions.

More offer-five (Hi-operation is neccssui‘y.l

A. new school that will teach lls out of'

doors and bring us back to Mother Earth

as \chI as giving us the knowledge usu—

ally gained in a svhoolroom would bc of

a great Iwuciltﬁ. The 20th century is the

golden days of labor and itgriculturo is

becoming llltnl'u popular as time goos 011.1

0111' city brothers are asking for the’

results of our most intelligent efforts.

’l‘hcu lct us do for ourselves and be as

near independent as possible for the

work of head and hands combined shall

bring plenty.


Feeding the Dairy C0w.ir’1‘hc April

mecting of 20th (‘cnlury Farmers' Club

was held with the r~-portcr; a stormy day

and but few prcscnt. Discussed methods

of feeding the dairy cow. Question

opened by Mr. Russel who advocated

corn-stalks and clover hay and once :1,

day (hiring winter the yellow sugar beet

mixed with meal as giving good results‘

and economical, as from 5:50 to 501) buf

could be raised on ‘1 acre at an outlay

of 10 to 13 days' lubor. ()thci's advocated

this fowl and soup; spoke for cusilugo.

which many thot moro cxpi-usivc than

the dry i‘ccd if it was taken into account

that all of the grain grown upon the

ﬁeld was put into the silo with the rough—

ugc as the. grain would more than pay“

for an ideal mixture of 1 bu. corn, 4 bu.

of cats and a little cottonseed incal

ground togethcr and using about .1 quarts

to a cow. (‘mc claimed that ensilugc was

rotten and that after one whiff a Cow

unaccustomml to it Would rcfusc to cut

it and the lit-st way was to let the cow

Illt'k and choose: another thot Wt‘ must

educate the cow's taste, as man was the

better judgt- of the cow's hoods and that

cnsilngc was nature's food canned so as

to preserve all of the milk-producing

qualities and was ﬁne if one, possessed

the capital when-with to build the silo.‘

Another thot that the results did not‘

justify the expense, as out of l bu. of en— ‘

silage he picked out 21/; lbs. of shelled

corn. Another that no up-to—datc dairy-

man lives without bran, as it comes im-

tween grain and coarse fodder. Another

that there was danger of feeding too‘

much as well as too little as the CUVV

must: have time to rest and get hungry

after eating before being fed again. All

advocated a variety of feed, as man would

starve on either cake or fat moat alone.

Some spoke of bean pods but Mr. Russel ’

said in closing that bean pods fed alone

produced no butter, as the globules came}

very fine. Adjourned to meet with Wm. i


Hewlett the ﬁrst Wednesday in May.

Subject, “Wastes on the farm,” openedl

by Robt. Tygh.—Jennie M. Ford, Re—l

porter.


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N: -.-‘ -/


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with corn stalks. It does perfect work without addi-

tional draft. I would not have ittukcn oI‘i mv farm

for twnce what it cost if I could not get another."

Ernest Lehcgue, i’icrron, Ill.


It is word: just as much to every farmer.

Prevents evaporation. makes seed start

quick and grow strong. W ritc for free

catalog and introductory discount offer.


NAYLOR MFG. CO.

64 Spring Avenue. LI Grangl. llllnol-


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_. Advertising

: , the Goodhue


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'VYY‘VYYVV—VVYYYYYVVYYVY.

. /


L MARKETS“;-


DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.

April 28, 1909.

Grain and Seeds.


Wheat.—Wheat prices have receded

from the high place gained last week.

Liquidation among the heavy holders

seems to have been the chief reason for

the change in values. Liverpool aided in

the downward'trend. -Since the reaction

has set in, however, the strength of the

market is making itself felt and prices

are again on the advance. The govern—

ment crop report is eagerly looked for

as it is expected that a large acreage of

wheat is being plowed up for other crops,

and should such be the case it, with the

decline in condition over a large section

of the wheatgrowing territory, is sure

to keep ﬁgures where they are for some

time to come. The demand for ﬂour is

moderate as consumers are buying only

what is necessary for immediate (needs.

A year ago the price paid for No. 2.red

wheat was 9814c per bu. Quotations

for the week are:


No. 2 No. 1 No. 3

Red. White. Red. July. Sept.


Thurs. .. .1.39 1.39 1.36 1.13 1.06%,

Fri. ......1.38 1.38 1.35 1.13% 1.06

Sat. ...... 1.35 1.35 1.32 1.10 1.03

Mon. ..... 1.35 1.35 1.32 1.09 1.02%

Tues. . . . .1.37 1.37 1.34 1.11 1.04%

“79d. . .1.3Sl,§ 1.38% 1.35% 1.12 1.04%


Corn.——In spite of the reaction in wheat

circles the corn quotations have advanced

from the highest price of last week. The

receipts have been light. the weather

over the corn belt is anything but encour-

aging to those getting ground ready for

planting and the stock of corn on hand

is becoming fearfully small while the

demand continues strong. Farmers hav-

ing the grain are holding for higher


prices. One year ago the price for No. 3

corn was 680 per bu. Quotations for the

week are:

No. 3


No. 3 Yellow.

Thursday . . . . ............ 73 74

Friday . . . . . . . ............ 73 74

Saturday . . . .............. 72 73

Monday ............ 7212 73%

Tuesday ................. . 731/2 741/2

Wednesday ....... 75 76


Oats—The changes in corn and wheat

quotations have occurred without disturb-

ing the ﬁgures in the oat division. The

freedom of selling is limited by the short—

age in holdings. The continuous cool

weather has added ﬁrmness to the market

and should it keep up many days the

crop will be harmed to no little extent

and will demand ideal conditions for

overcoming the handicap. One year ago

the price for No. 3 oats was 550. Quota-

tions for the past week are:


No. 3 ““hite.

l'


Thursday ........................ 531/2

Friday . .......................... 54 1/2

Saturday . . ....................... 57%

Monday . . . . ...................... 57%

Tuesday .......................... 57%

Wednesday ....................... 57%


Beans—The quotations reached last

week are still maintained. The prices

offered do not enthuse sellers as they

think higher ﬁgures can be secured for

the product. No selling is going on and

the prices given below are only nominal:


Cash. May.


Thursday .............. . . . . . $2.50 $2.50

Friday . . . ....... . ........... 2.50 2.50

Saturday .................... 2.50 2.50

Monday ..................... 2.50 2.50

Tuesday .................... 2.50 2.50

\Vedncsday ................. 2.50 2.50

Cloverseed.—The demand for seed is

fair. Prices are off a little from the

avcrasc of a week ago. The new seed—


ing is min-rally poor and many pieces will

be plowed up. Farmers have nearly all

Supplied ilwvnsr-~lv(--s with seed for im-

mediate use. Qtwtmicns for the week


are:

Prime Spot. Oct. 'March.


Thursday 55.5%) $6.50 $6.65

l-‘riday 5.75 6.50 6.65

Saturday ......... 5.75 6,50 6.6.5

Monday 5.75 6.50 6.65

Tuesday . . . . . . . . .. 5.75 6.50 6.65

Wednesday ...... 5.75 6.50 6.65

Rye—Market is slow and ﬁrm. Supply


is scarce. 'l‘hc pricc is BBC for cash No.


2, an advance of 2 cents.

Visible Supply of Grain.

This week. Last week.


Wheat ............... 31,140,000 32,628,000

Corn .. ............... 4,811,000 5,051,000

Oats ................. 8,246,000 8,916,000

Rye .. ................ 466,000 522,000

Barley ............... 2,902,000 3.176,000


Flour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.

Flour. Prices are unchanged. Demand

is limited by the high prices. Quotations

are as follows:


Clear .......................... . ..... $6.00

Straight ............................. 6.15

Patent. Michigan .................... 6.50

Ordinary Patent ..................... ' 6.25


Hay and Straw.—Prices unchanged.


Carlot prices on track are: No. 1 timothy,

new, $10.50on; No. 2 timothy, $9.50ﬂln;

clover, mixed, $96210; rye straw, $8658.50;

wheat and oat straw, $7637.50 cr ton.


Feed.—l'nchangcd. Bran, $2. per ton;

coarse middlings, $29; ﬁne middlings, $30;

cracked corn and coarse corn meal, $29:

corn and cat chop, $27.


Potatoes—Trade has been easier most

of the week but farmers are ﬁrm in their

demand for good prices and are scling

at the highest quotations of the season.

Bermudas are off. Good stock is quoted


at $1 per bu. -New Bermudas, $5.75

per bbl.

Provisions. Family pork, 619506520;


mess DOTR. $18.50; light short clear, $19;

heavy short clear, $20; pure lard, 11%0;

kettle rendered lard, 121,430; bacon, 14o;

shoulders, 90; smoked ha-ms, 121/3c; picnic

hams, 9c.


Dairy a‘ndiPo'ultry Pnoducts. "


Buttonf—Following the Elgin marketlthe’

price here is off 2c. The market is steady

at the new ﬁgures. Receipts are improv-

ing in quantity altho the last few weeks

has seen unusually slow trade and at

present the arrivals of offerings are not

liberal. -Dealers expect an improvement

in the business at the lower ﬁgures. Quo—

tations for the week are: Extra cream-

ery, 26c; ﬁrsts, 24c; dairy, 18c; packing

stock, 15c. '


Eggs.——Trade is steady at a. decline of

%c. There is a. splendid demand for the

product and supplies are coming in rap—

idly. The market is active. Quotation

for extra fresh is 2014c per doz.


Poultry—Receipts are not; enough to

ﬁll the wants of buyers. Market is ﬁrm

and offerings scarce. Quotations are:

Live—Spring chickens, 166il161/2c; fowls,

151/2@16c; ducks, 15@16c; geese, 10@11c;

turkeys, 18@20c per lb.


Cheese.——Michigan, 16@161,§c; brick,

cream, 171/2@18c; schweitzer, 19@20c;

limburger, June, 15c; Oct., 17c per lb.


Fruits and Vegetables.


Apples.—Market ﬁrm. Best grades are

quoted at 555067650 per bbl.


Onions—Spanish, $1.80 per bu; home-

grown at 70@75c per bu; Bermudas, $3

per crate.


Vegetables.——Green onions, 10c per doz;

radishes, 206130c per doz; cucumbers, $1.25

per doz; lettuce, 100 per lb; head lettuce,

$5@6 per. bbl; watercress, 40c per doz;

spinach, $1 per hamper; parsnips, $1

per bu; oyster plant, 400 per doz.; as-

paragus, $1.50 per doz; rhubarb, 40@50o

per doz.


OTHER MARKETS.

*—

Grand Rapids.


Glass farmers are getting their bumps

now. Up to two weeks ago lettuce was

bringing a good price but since that time

the market has been declining and now

there is no market. Sales have been re-

ported at 2c and 3c per 1b., while it costs

60 to raise it. Outside markets refuse

to take lettuce even on consignment. The

radish market is also weak and the de-

mand for parsley has been slow all the

winter and spring. The potato market is

dull, prices up state ranging from 8063820.

Offerings have been heavy since the sen-

sational advance to $1 at Traverse City.

The small loading station of Tustin, just

below Cadillac, reports sales of 4,000 bu.

in one day. In dairy products, creamery

butter is off lc, dairy unchanged. Eggs

are 1/éc higher. All meats are ﬁrm. ,


Quotations follow:


Grains—\Vheat, $1.34; com, 750: oats,

58c; buckwheat, 60c per bu; rye, 750.


Beans—Handpicked, $2 per bu.


Butter.—Buying prices, Dairy, No. 1.

230; No. 2, 161/2c; creamery in tubs, 2536c;

prints, 26c.


Cheese—Michigan full cream is selling

at 16@161/zc per lb; brick, 17c; Swiss, 17c;

liinburger, 17c.


Eggs—Case count, 190.


Apples—New York, $5@6 per bbl.


Potatoes—«80617900 per bu..


Cattle—Cows, $2.50@4 per cwt; steers

and heifers, best quality, $36135; dressed

mutton, 8@9c; dressed veal, ~661,)9c;

dressed beef, cows, 5@7c; steers and

heifers, 61/26/90. ,


Hogs—Dressed, 9c.


Live Poultry. -— Fowls, 12%@131/2c;

chickens, 1360140; roosters, 9617100; tur-

keys, 186r19c; ducks, 13@14c; broilers,

114 to 2 lbs., 3060320 per lb.


Wh t N 2Ch¢ica$9°és @

ea .— 0. re , 1. u, 1.401/;May

$12114; July, $1.08%. 2 '

Corn.—-No. 3, 72c; May, 715/80; July,

3 white,


. 54@561,éc; May,

5614c; July, 49%.


Beans—Pea beans, handpicked, $2.556!)

2.58 per bu. for choice; good, $2.35@2.45;

red kidney, $2.10@2.15.


Butter.——Steady. Creameries, 22@260;

dairies, 181/2@231/.,c.


Eggs—Steady. Firsts, 20c; prime ﬁrsts,

21c per doz.


Potatoes—Steady. Car lots in bulk,

2111(0); $1.05@1.07 per bu; ordinary, $1.02

(1, . u


Plttsburg.

P0tatoes.—l\iichigan, 95062381 per bu.

Apples—Steady. King, $6.25 per bbl;


Spy, $5635.50; Spitzcnburg, $5615.50.

Eggs—“'cstern firsts, 22c; do. extras,

221/2c; current receipts, 2lléc. .,

Butter.—-—Creamcry, 281/5c; prints, 291/20

per lb. .


New York.


Butter.~—-VVcstern factory ﬁrsts, 196D

191/2c; creamery specials, 2761271/2c pcr lb.


Eggs—Easier. Western storage packed,

221,4(0221/20; do. ﬁrsts, 211/2@22c; d0 sec-

onds, 201/20 pcr doz.


Poultry. —— Alive, steady. Western

chickens, broilers, 256733c: fowls, 1561160.

Dressed, strong. \Vestcrn chickens,

121/30: foWls, 15ﬁ16c per 1b.


Grain.—\Vheat, No. 2 red, $1.40 per bu;

corn, No. 2, 801/40; oats, mixed, 581/2@610.


Other Potato Markets.

New York—Per 180 lbs., $2.62@2.87,

which is last week’s quotation.

St. L0uis.—Northern stoek quoted at

$1611.12 per bu.

Philadelphia.—For good offerings, 9506}

$1.08 per bu.


Elgin.


Butter.—Market continues ﬁrm at 26c

per 1b., which is a decline of 20 since.

last week. Sales for the week amounted

to 504,600 lbs. as compared with 471,900

for the previous week.


Boston.


WOOL—The bidding for the new clip is

getting active and buyers are offering

more. for the crop than they have. paid

for the past four years. While the ac-

tivity has been greatest in the territories

the ﬂeece states are now coming in for

attention and farmers are generally hav-

ing an advantage in the making of prices.

The following are the leading domestic


'quotationszu Ohio and Pennsylvania,

ﬂeeces-XX 8'4@35c; X, 32@33c; No. 1

washed, 33539.2: No. 2 washed, ,38@39c;

ﬁne unwashed, 23@24c; half-blood, comb-

ing, 30@3lc; three-eighths blood combing,

30@3.lc; quarter-blood combing, 29@3lc;

delaine washed, 39630400. 'Michigan, Wis-

consin and New York ﬂeeces—Fine un-

washed, 22@23c; delaine unwashed, 28@

29c; half-blood unwashed, 2960300; three-

eighths blood unwashed, 29c; quarter-

blood, 28@29c. Kentucky, Indiana and

Missouri—three-eighths» blood, 29@30c;

quartereblood, 28@290.


_N

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Buffalo.

April 26, 1909.

(Special report by Dunning &. Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)


Receipts of sale stock here today as

follows: Cattle, 125 loads; hogs, 14,400

head;-sheep and lambs, 17,000; calves,

2,600 head.


Our repOrt from Chicago this morning

showed 29,000 cattle there and lower

prices. New York was also reported dull

and lower. These facts had a depressing

effect on our trade, especially on the nest

heavy cattle which were very slow sci.

at a decline of about ten cents per 100

from last Monday. All other grades sold

about steady. '


We quote: Best export steers, $6@6.40;

best 1,200 to 1,300 lb. shipping steers,

$5.75@6.25; best 1,000 to 1,100 lb. shipping

steers, $5.50@5.75; best fat cows, $4.50

@5; fair to good, 83.75604; trimmers,

$2.50@2.75; best fat heifers, $5.50@5.75;

light fat heifers, $4654.25; best bulls,

84.75605; bologna bulls, $4@4.25; best

feeding steers, 800 to 900 lbs., de'horned,

$4.50@4.75; 700 to 750 lb. 'dehorned stock-

ers, $4.256P-i.50; common stOckers, $3.50@

3.75. Fresh cows and springers today

sold about steady.


W'e quote: Best cows, $45@55; com-

mon, $306035.


With 50,000 hogs in Chicago today and

a decline reported from there of 15@200

our market opened weak and from 20@

25c lower than Saturday. About every-

thing is sold that arrived in time for

the market.


“’e quote: Medium and heavy, $7.60@

7.70, two or three decks choice, $7.75;

mixed, $7.606177.65; best yorkers, $7.50@

7.60; light yorkers, $7.30@7.50; pigs, $7.10

@715; roughs, $6.55@6.60; stags, $5@5.50.


The market today was active on the

handy weight lambs but slow on the

heavy ones. The handy weights are all

sold but there are a few loads of heavys

going over unsold.


\Ve quote: Top lambs, $7.30@7.35;

fair to good, $6.25607,. culls, $6@6. .~

skin culls, $4634.50; yearliims, $5.75@6,

wethers, $5.25@5.40; ewes, $4.50@4 75;

cull sheep, $2693.50: best calves, $7.25@

7.50; medium to good, $6@7: heavy, $4@5.


Chicago.

April 26, 1909.


Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.


Received today ......29,000 50,000 20,039

Same day last year ..30,314 45,162 23,400

Received last week ..45,768 84,027 63,733

Same week last year.40,445 100,462 66,543

Cattle were received last week in larger

numbers than were needed at this time

of dear beef and enforced economy in

beef eating, and the result was that a.

still lower level of prices was reached,

declines of 10@15c on Monday being fol-

lowed by a similar break on Wednesday.

These times no large supplies are offered

on other days than these two, and a


- meager number on Thursday made a little


better market, but the general market

was scarcely any higher. Beef steers

sold chiefly during the week at $5.50@6.60,

inferior to fair light-weight killers going

at 3946562565, and choice heavy shipping

cattle at $6.406?:G.95. A good class Sold

at $6.15@6.35, and medium steers at $5.70

606.10, exporters buying sparingly all the

week, while there were no large local or

eastern buying orders. Light cuts of

beef are mostly wanted this spring, and

heavy beeves have a restricted outlet.

Butchering cows and heifers were active

sellers at $3.506r6.25, while canners and

cutters were disposed of very fairly at

$263.50, bulls going at $3605.25. Calves

from the dairy sections of severa states

glutted the market and sent prices down

to 327560650, ﬁgures that are far behind

those of a few weeks ago. There has

been a restricted trading, in the stocker

ind feeder branch of the market at $369

5.10 for stockcrs, and $4.856Ll5.50 for feed-

ers, high prices checking the desire to

uy, particularly as ﬁnished hooves were

no selling at all satisfactorily. A limited

business was transacted in milkers and

springers at $256055 per head. Stockmen

are advised to market heavy cattle with-

out delay and to avoid reﬁlling feed lots

with high-priced feeders.


There was a great and wholly unex-

pected increase in the cattle receipts to-

day, and prices generally were 156.7250

lower for steers, with an extremely slow

trade and a large number left unsold.

Morris & Co. paid $7 for 33 fancy Iowa-

fcd 1,555—lb. steers, but $6.75 paid for

choice steers. Fat butcher stock averaged

about a dime lower.


Hogs were marketed unusually spar-

ingly last week owing to several reasons,

including bad country roads, the sharp

decline in prices that took place during

the preceding week and a real shortage

in most feeding disfricts. Probably, the

meager offerings may be largely explained

by the fact that stockinen resented the

recent tactics pursued by the packers in

lowering priccs and dctcrmincd in many

cases to Ft'” no hogs on a lower basis

than $7 per 100 lbs. on the. farms, Buyers

unquestionably wanted fewer hogs than

ordinarily, for high prices have lessened

the consumption of fresh and cured

meats, yet the receipts of hogs were so

small that sellers were able to obtain

several good advances in prices. The

recent marketings have been averaging

around 214 lbs. in weight, compared with


222 lbs.v.'a; year ago,,,- 235 lbs.‘ two years" ago”

and 219 lbs; three years 8307‘ It is en-.

com-aging to note this improvement, but

too many underweights and pigs are still

marketed. ,Farmers'should market their

swine as fast as they mature. On Satur-

day the highest prices of the week we're

paid, there being a $7.521,é top. Today

saw unusually large receipts as a result

of the recent boom in prices, and trade

was dull, prices falling 20@25c. . Hogs

sold at $6.80@7.35.


Sheep and lambs have been marketed

freely most Of the time recently, and sup-

plies have been large at Missouri River

and eastern markets, as well as at Chi-

cago. Lower prices heye been seen on

several days as a result of the generous

supplies. Most of the sheep and many

of the lambs are coming to market ..horn

and sell at a big discount, for buyers

greatly prefer wooled stock at this time

and are re: ‘y ti pay a big premium.

The demand for i-Lmbs centers on 70 to

80-lb. lots, and l":s averaging over 85

lbs. per head have a slow sale- at a dis-

count from prices offered for the lighter

lots. No feeder ..tock worth mentioning

is offered. The ‘earness of mutton re-

stricts consumption. Today’s market was

active and about 100 [higher for the best'

sheep and la-mbs. Wooled lambs sold at

$7.25@8.45 and clipped lots at $6@7.10.

Shorn sheep were actii : of $3695.75, with


no ewes going over $5, and yearlings


largely nominal :j 1.25@6.25


Horse: are being marketed in sufﬁcient

numbers to supply the general demand

at this time -.nd for the most part steady

prices we ".id, with heavy drafters

selling quitt. Well 4.", $175@220 per head

and fed lots at $225@275. Good 1,400 to

1,500—lb. commercial chunks are selling

freely at $160@200 to ice and express

companies, and. th re is a normal demand

for drivers of a desirable kind at $14060

350 and upward, the greater part'going

at $175@225. Medium weight farm

chunks are having a. good sale at $130

@175. F.


LIVE STOCK NOTES.


Farmers are getting good prices for

nearly everything produced on American

farms at the present time, and they are

greatly assisted by the establishment of

the rural mail delivery and the installa-

tion of telephone service, thereby bring-

ing the farmer in close touch with market.

conditions everywhere. Wheat has seen

the greatest advance in value this year,

the Patten bull clique on the Chicago

Board of Trade having boosted prices to

ﬁgures rarely seen, and ﬂour is so dear

that millers have more orders for rye

flour than they can fill. The bakers are

now talking of using a mixture of rye

an . corn ﬂour. Eggs have advanced

sharply recently on account of the great

demand for eggs for placing in cold stor-

Lge, and potatOIs are scarce owing to the

failure of the potato crcp in several states

last year, and prices are unusually high.

Beside~~ getting high prices for all kinds

of grain and garden stuff. as well as fon

dairy products, prices for all kinds of

live stock are decidelly high as compared

with most former y ars. .


General conditi ns affecting the cattle

trade are extremely unfavorable from the

producer’s standpoint, and there seems

to be no prospe -t f r a favorable change

for some time to come. Beef is selling

at unusually high prices at a period when

the average consumer can poorest stand

the raise, for many thousands of men

employed in the great steel mills of the

east and middle west have had a big cut

in their wages, while a great army of


workers is suffering enforced idleness.‘


Furthermore, it is stated that many win-

ter-fed steers in Pennsylvania and New

York are ready to be marketed, and this

will naturally tend to further lessen the

eastern buying of cattle in Chicago and

other western markets. It is well that

the cattlemen are curtailing their feeding

operations at this time, since any ap-


proach to normal feeding of cattle would a


spell disaster. Cattle are still selling at

higher prices than in most former years,

but stockmcn generally ﬁnd that fatten-

ing steers on high-priced corn is not prof-

itable in the end.


Were it not for the fact that the big

cattle feeders stick to the business year

after year, uhether times happen to be

good or bad, the number of cattle in feed-

ing districts would be extremely limited,

as small feeders in several states are

abandoning cattle feeding after several

years of small proﬁts in the business. A.

bad feature of this policy from the farm-

er’s standpoint is the deterioration of the

soil that is not fertilized by manure, and

devoting-the land in Illinois, for instance,

year after year to corn alone is resulting

in many “run-down” farms. Corn has

certainly been a winner in making money

for the farmer for several years, and it

is generally believed that the era of cheap

corn has gone, never to return. All these

things inspire the average farmer with

the determination to produce what prom-

ises the best immediate results, and from

all directions come reports that meadows

and pastures are being plowed up this

spring for corn, a record-breaking corn

acreage being promised in the American

corn belt. To a remarkable extent the

middle west is abandoning cattle feeding

and leaving it to the southwest, Kansas

and Nebraska being relied upon for fur~

nishing a constantly increasing percent-

age of the best heaVy long-fed beeves

received in Chicago and Missouri River

markets. The ﬁrst meal—fed Texas steers

of the season have shown up in the

Chicago market, where a buyer paid

$5.571/2 per 100 lbs. for a consignment of

221 head of cattle that averaged 1,136

pounds. '


This is the season of the year when

the dairy sections of Michigan, Wiscon~

sin, Illinois and other states are in the.

habit of marketing their calves, and the

Chicago market has been receiving liberal

supplies in recent weeks. Prices have

suffered a big full, and even prime light

calves are selling at low ﬁgures. ,


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. mm 1+”: LAsT Edition.


in the am; edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports oi.’ laSt week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The ﬁrst

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.


DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Thursday’s Market.

April 29, 1909.

Cattle.


Receipts, 948. Cow stuff and bulls

steady; others 10@150 lower than last

week.


We quote: Extra, steers, $5.75@6; steer-s

and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200, $5.50@5.60;

steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000, $5@5.25;

grass steers and heifers that are fat, 800

to 1,000, $5@5.25; grass steers and heif-

ers t‘hat are fat, 500 to 700. $4.50@4.85;

choice fat cows, $4.50@4.75; good fat

cows, $4@4.50; common cows, $3@3.75;

canners, $2@2.25; choice heavy bulls,

$4.50; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $4@

4.25; stock bulls, $3.50@4; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1,000, $4.50@4.90; fair feed—

ing steers, 800 to 1,000, $4@4.50; choice

stockers, 500 to 700, $4.25@4.60; fair

stockers, 500 to 700, $3.50@4; stock heif-

ers, $3.25@3.60; milkers, large, young,

medium age, $40@55; common milkers,

$25@40.


Roe Com. Co. sold Caplis 12 steers av

1,016 at $5.65; to Heinrich 7 do av 1,284

at $6; to Caplis, 6 butchers av 543 at $4;

to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 1,470

at $4.50; to Mich. B. Co. 12 steers av 970

at $5.60, 2 do av 710 at $5.25; to Newton

B. Co. 14 do av 1,130 at $5.75, 2 COWS av

1,035 at $4.50, 2 do av 825 at $2.50, 3

‘heifers av 660 at $5, 17 butchers av 924

at $5.35.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Lingeman 8 butch-

ens av 875 at $5.25; to Schlischer 13 do

av 735 at $5.15, 5 do av 750 at $4.25; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 steers av 1,310 at $5.75,

3 do av 1,026 at $5.50, 1 cow weighing

1,260 at $4.50; to Hammond, S. & C0.

3 steers av 1,206 at $6, 1 do weighing

1,220 at $5.50, 2 cows av 1,045 at $3.25, 1

do Weighing 780 at $2.50, 9 butchers av

794 at $4.40, 1 bull weighing 1,080 at $4,

2 do av 1,100 at $4.50, 1 do weighing 1,380

at $4.25; to Mich. B. CO. 21 steers av 995

at $5.60, 1 do weighing 830 at $5, 10 heif-

ers av 775 at $5.05, 1 cow weighing 1.110

at $4.50, 3 bulls av 1,133 at $4.40: to Bres-

nahan 4 heifers av 570 at $4.50, 2 cows

av 950 at $4.25, 2 do av 1,080 at $3.80, 1

bull weighing 1,940 at $4.40; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 2 steers av 1,050 at $5.75, 1 do

weighing 1,070 at $5.15, 2 bulls av 960 at

$4, 2 do av 1,000 at $4.10, 6 butchers av

640 at $4.50, 1 heifer weighing 860 at $5.25;

to Newton B. 00. 26 steers av 1,180 at

$5.85, 2 do av 1,090 at $4.50, 28 do av 921

at $5, 27 do av 844 at $5.40; to Thompson

Bros. 2 do av 1,085 at $5.80; to Sullivan

P. CO. 1 bull weighing 1,230 at $4.25.


Spicer, M. & R. sold Heinrich 18 steers

av 910 at $5.60; to Bresnahan 1 bull

weighing 1,680 at $4.60, 1 do weighing

1,880 at $4.75; to Mich. B. Co. 15 steers

av 937 at $5.65; to Caplis 8 butchers av

727 at $4.75, 1 cow weighing 960 at $4,

3 do av 883 at $3.50, 4 do av 862 at $3.25;

to Regan 5 butchers av 510 at $4.30, 1 bull

Weighing 430 at $3.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros.

20 butchers av 876 at $5.25, 1 cow weigh-

ing 830 at $4.50, 8 steers av 923 at $5.35,

9 do av 1,040 at $5.65, 2 do av 795 at $5,

2 cows av 1,090 at $4.25; to Prince 24

stockers av 648 at $4.40.


Stephens sold Newton B. Co. 4 steers

av 760 at $5.40.

tvggterman sold Regan 2 heifers av 530

a .


Hatton sold Sullivan P. Co. 6 butchers

av 1,180 at $5, 3 cows av 960 at $3.50.


Sharp & W. sold Mich. B. Co. 4 cows

av 960 at $4.50, 9 steers av 965 at $5.50.


Wagner & A. sold Bl’C-Slluh’all 1 steer

weighing 1,100 at $5.25.


Lovewell sold same

at $4.25.


“Baterman Suld same 5 do av 1,240 at


6


4 cows av 1,190


Stephens sold same 2 do av 830 at $3.50.

Veal Calves.


Receipts, 868. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best, $6.50@7; others, $4@

6; milch cows and springers steady.


Roe Com. Co. sold Caplis 35 av 133 at

$6.25; to Bresna‘han 15 av 110 at $4; to

Rattkowsky 5 av 135 at $6.50, 9 av 150

at $6.75.

$6gigeeks sold Rattkowsky 18 av 125 at


Lovewell sold same. 7 av 130 at $6.50.


Spicer, M. & R. sold Morgan 4 av 100

at $4, 35 av 135 at $6, 7 av 105 at $4, 24

av 125 at $6, 2 av 300 at $3.50, 11 av 110

at $4, 30 av 125 at $6.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Allen 6 av 115 at

$5, 25 {W 130 at $6.25, 3 av 95 at $5, 15 av

125 at $6.25, 8 av 125 at $6.25, 2 av 105 at

$5; to Newton B. Co. 7 av 145 at $6, 17

av 135 at $6.65; to Hammond, S. & Co.

54 av 130 at $4.60: to Goose 26 av 125 at

$6; to Markowitz 5 av 125 at $6.50, 1

'weighing 110 at $6.50, 1 Weighing 120 at

$6.50; to Strauss & A. 93 av 125 at $6.50;

to Nagle 6 av 95 at $4.50, 39 av 130 at

$6.50, 22 av 120 at $7; to Fitzpatrick Bros.

4 av 100 at $5, 8 av 145 at $6.25, 14 av

130 at $6.75. 6 av 150 at $6.75; to Goose

13 av 100 at $5; to Mich. B. Co. 17 av

135 at $6.75.


Wagner & A.

av 130 at $5-75- ,


Stephens sold Sullivan P. Co. 11 av

140 at $6.50.


Smith sold same 6 av 118 at $6.


Kendall sold same. 7 av 155 at $6.50.


Wickmann sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av 115

at 6.‘


Ling sold same 2 av 140 at $6.75.

Kendall sold came 6 av 150 at $6.75.


sold Newton R. Co. 31


. Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts, 3,376. Market steady at last

week’s prices. A few choice-clips 10@20c

higher. .


Best lambs, $6.75@7; fair to good lambs,

$5.50@6.50; light to common lambs, $4.50

@5; wool lambs, $7.50@8; fair to good

sheep, $4.50@5; culls and common, $2.50@

3.50; spring lambs, $12.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. 00.

3 sheep av 110 at $5; to Mich. B. Co. 21

lambs av 88 at $6.25; to Newton B. Co.

1 sheep weighing 130 at $5, 12 lambs av

88 at $7; to Hammond. S. & Co. 8 do av

50 at $6.50; to Nagle 235 do av 75. at $7;

to Young 66 wool lambs av 70 at $7.75;

to Sullivan P. Co. 6 sheep av 108 at $3,

91 lambs av 65 at $6.25; to Harland 24

sheep av 120 at $5, 5 spring lambs av 40

at $12; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 47 lambs av

80 at $6, 83 do av 80 at $7, 12 wool do

av 70 at


8.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 79.

lambs av 77 at $7; to E‘schrich 5 sheep‘


av 90 at $4.50, 2 do av 130 at $4.50.


Spicer, M.. & R. sold Hammond, S. 8;

Co. 2 sheep av 125 at $4; to Mich. B. Co.

52 lambs av 85 at $7.


Lovewell sold Thompson Bros. 44 lambs

av 75 at . .


Weeks sold Harland 2 sheep av 115 at

$4.75, 8 W001 lambs av 80 at $8.


Stephens sold Sullivan P. Co. 14 lambs

av 77 at $6.75.


Smith sold same 38 do av 80 at $6.75,

9tsl§§ep av 80 at $4, 1 sheep weighing 120

a .


Kendall sold same 16

at $5 75.


Wickmann sold Mich. B. Co. 63 lambs

av 65 at $6.80.


Shephard sold same 27 do av 80 at $7.


Thorborn sold same 101 do av 100 at $7.


Lovewell sold Hammond, S. & Co. 5

sheep av 125 at $5.


T‘horborn sold same 5 do av 70 at $5,

96 lambs av 90 at $7.


, Hogs.


Receipts, 3,723. Market 5@100 higher

than last Thursday; steady with Frill-av.


Range of prices: Light to good butch—

ers, $7.25@7.40; pigs. $6.50@6.75; light

yorkers, $6.85@7.15; sings, 1/3 off,


Spicer, M. & R. sold Parker, W. & Co.

28 av 175 at $7.20, 128 av 185 at $7.30, 51

av 200 at $7.40, 91 av 165 at $7.25, 124 av

180 at $7.35. '


Sundry shippers sold some

at $7.35, 23 av 215 at $7.40.


Roe Com. Co. SOId same 22 av 100 at

$7.40, 42 av 160 at $7.25, 111 av 175 at

$7.30, 49 av 180 at $7.35.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 465 av 160 at $7.30, 712 av 180 at

$7.40, 394 av 160 at $7.25, 788 av 170 at

$7.35, 56 av 140 at $7.20.


Sundry shippers sold same 155 av 190

at $7.35.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

63 av 170 at $7.30, 49 av 125 at $7.20, 40

pigs av 100 at $6.75.


Sundry Shippers sold same 236 av 190

at $7.40, 94 “V 175 at $7.35, 108 av 175

at $7.30, 24 av 205 at $7.45.


Friday’s Market.

April 23, 1909.


Cattle.


Market steady at Thurs-


,.


lambs av 50


346 av 185


Receipts, 30.

day's prices.


We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $.».50@6.25; steers and heifers,

1,000 to 1,200, $5.50@5.75; steers and heif-

ers. 800 to 1,000, $5@5.35; steers and

heifers that are fat, 500 to 700, $4.50@

5.10; choice fat cows, $4.50@4.65; good

fat cows, $4604.40; common cows, $37!?

3.75; canners, $2ﬁ‘2.25; choice heavy bulls.

$4.50; fair to good bolognzls, bulls, $470

425; stock bulls, $350614; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1.000, $450405; fair feeding

steers, 800 to 1,000, 346104.50; choice stock-

ers, 500 to 700, “256174.65: fair stockers,

500 to 700, $375604; stock heifers. 33.25417

3.75; milkers, large, young, medium age,

$45@55; common milkers, $25@40.


Spicer, M. & R. sold Sullivan P. Co.

2 steers av 825 at $5.50, 1 cow weighing

880 at $3, 3 do av 956 at $4.50, 1 d0 weigh—

ing 1,050 at $4.50.


Sumo sold Thompson 8 heifers av 500

at $4.30.


Boutell sold Hammond, S.

steers av 960 at $3.40.


Bishop, B. 8.: H. sold Greene 2 coWs

av 950 at $3.50, 1 do weighing 1,150 at $4.


Same sold Schuman 7 steers 21v 1,080

at $5.75,‘1 heifer weighing 610 at $4.


Veal Calves.


Receipts, 59. Market steady at Thurs-

day’s prices. Best, $6606.75; others, $3.50

@375; llllll‘ll cows and springvrs steady.


Bishop, B. &. ll. sold Goose 5 av 105

at $6.15, 6 av 103 at $5.85.


Same sold Brcsuallan 11 av 110 at $6.50.


Lucke sold Markowitz 21 av 125 at $6.50.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 2

av 100 at $4, 1 weighing 120 at $6.50.


Same sold Hammond, S. & Co.

110 at $6.50.


Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts, 308. Market steady at Thurs-

day’s prices; fed extra good 100 higher.

Best lambs, $660477; fair to good lambs,

$5.50@6.25; light to common lambs, $4,405;


& C0. 20


2av


wool lambs, $7618; fair to good sheep,

$4.50@5; culls and common, 15250617350;


fall clips, $6.50@7; spring lambs. $13.


Bishop, B. 8:. H. sold Mich. B. CO. 15

spring lambs av 55 at $13.


Same sold Nagle 36 lambs av 65 at

$6.50. 35 do av 68 at $6.75, 85 do av 65 at

$6.75, 7 do av 55 at $4, 34 sheep av 70

at $4.50, 11 do av 88 at $4


Same sold ll‘dll'lll’lﬁl‘ld, S. & Co. 12 SheepI


av 67 at $5, 73 lambs av 72 at $7.

. Hogs.

Receipts, 489. Market 50 higher than

on Thursday.

Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7.30@7.40; pigs, $6.50@6.70; light

yorkers, $6.85@7.25; stags, 1%; off.

. Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 122 av 180 at $7.35, 221 av 200 at

$7.40, 32 av 160 at $7.25.

Lucke sold same 80 av 200 at $7.40.

Spicer, M. & R. sold Park-er, W. & Co.

23 av 195 at “7.40.


. 4. \


k . . .


Before deciding on any rooﬁng. for any pur-

pose. send for this free book which W111 give

you the inside facts about all matings-shin-

gle. tin. tar. iron—and prepared, or ready"

mofings. '


This book is fair, frank, comprehenswe.

It tells all about the cost of each kind of roof-

ing. It tells the advantages and the disad-

vantages of each. It is a veritable gold mine

of rooﬁng information. .


The reason we send it free is because it tells

too, about Ruberoid rooﬁng.


Since Ruberoid rooﬁng was invented nearly

twenty years ago, there have sprung up more

than .300 substitutes. '


These substitutes. before they are laid and

exposed to the weather. look like Ruberoid.

But don’t let that deceive you. _


Ruberoid rooﬁng is Sun proof. ram proof,

snow proof, cold proof. weather proof. It

resists acids. gases and fumes.


RU BEROID


(REGISTERED in u. s. mum omen)


C

It is‘so nearly ﬁreproof that if you drop live coals

on a Ruberoid roof it will not. burn.


The secret of these wonderful properties of

Ruberoid rooﬁng lies in the Bubemld gum—our

exclusive product.


No other maker can use this Ruberoid gum—that

is why no other rooﬁng can possibly be so good as

Ruberoid. ‘


Buberoid is supplied in its natural color, also in

shades-Red Green. Brown—suitable for the ﬁnest

homes. Anti the colors do not. wear .03 or fade

because they are part of the rooﬁng—impregnated

by our exclusive process.


Get This Free Book


I If you are going to roof. though. learn_about all

roots. To is our free book Simply write to Do-


a meal: The Standard Paint Company. 1m

87“ lam Street. New York.


FLEGGETT’S ousrzns‘

Distribute lusactlclllu in llusi Form.

NO WATER TO HAUL.


[EGGETT'S THE CHAMPION

CHAMPION 9135:)th btotobgggo oars i231;

- _ as you we k.


0.; DUST THE BEETLE

*"'h:‘-"’~7- 47$ Potato Duster (Horse


-. Power) dusts four rows.


, THE JUMBO

. ' -, ' dusts trees.


For sale in Detroit, Bay City. Jackson, Mich.

Union City, Ind.. and Chicago. Agents wanted.

broom & no. 301 Pearl Street, N. Y.


W A N T E D !

HAY OF ALL GRADES.


Writs for quolsllons. One profit. from producer in consumer.


F. D. HEWITT,

l20 Liberty St, New York.


" HAY &. GRAIN '-


We want to hear from shippers of Hsy and Grain—Our

direct service to large consumers in this district ensblu

us to get top prices for good shipments. Liberal sd-

venues to consignors.


Daniel McCallrcy’s Sons (10., Pillsbury Pa.

Bel,-—Vluhlnginn lsl’l Bulk. Duquune lsl'l Bsnll.


WANTED TO BUY " °°°" 5......


and Grain Farm

within 50 miles of Toledo. about 120 acres. Must

have good buildings, fruit and timber. Give dc-


scrlptlon, location and price.

L. L. HARTMAN. R. D. 5. Bowling Green, Ohio.


Elevating Carrier.


or wadded and rolled.


Sandwich Side Delivery Rake


and better than either alone.

mg. It handles hay gmtly.


Rakes clean


SANDWICH MFG. CO.

140 Main St. Sandwich. Ill.


Hurry-Up Holy Making

TWO modern implements for fast, clean work.

Clean sweep Loader Gocsfrom swath towindrowwork,orviceversa.without


change in adjustment.

Loader detached without men getting oil load.

hay and lifts it onto the wagon without threshing or pounding.

' . It gets all the hay, whether thick or thin and whether

the meadow is rolling and uneven or level, but it leaves the manure and.

trash. Load With the Clean-Sweep Cylinder Loader one day,and you‘ll never

think of gomg back to the kicking, pounding rake and drag loaders again. ‘


best of all takes.

der and rake combined,


Doesn’t rope the hay—Rides

comfortably. Get our free catalog for proofs—do it NOW.


:qu 511. '0

Farm and Farm Lands

For Sale, or Exchange.


WEBELL LAND and require no payment except

interest and taxes until end of third year.

FLINT LAND COMPANY. lelted. Flint. Mich.


lillEA'l' BARGAIN. i33°3llii3ﬂt3§mii

good orchard. level and easily worked, helrshlp


property and must be sold. In lanau County.

Mlch., address A. E. WILLARD, Empire. Mich,


CASH FOR YOUR FARM


If you want to sell,

‘ send description to

1 —! FRANK P. CLEVELAND.

943 Adams Express Building. Chic-Iv. ill


.1ng VIRGINIA FARMS.


-. Lands. low prices. mild climate.

‘ Free illustrated catalog. This is the

country for the Northern Farmer. Write


CASSELMAN 8 00., RICHMOND, VA.


when you can buy

the Best Land In

Mlohl an at from

.6 to 10 an sore


near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for map and par-

ticulars. Clear title and any terms. B'rsrrslnn Bios“

(owners) 16 Merrill bldg.. Saginaw. W. EL. Mich.


VIRGINIA FARMS.


And timber lands. Improved and unimproved. $5.00

per acre and up. Heavy crops, good market. healthy

climate and happy farmers, Catalog free. B. T.

WATKINS. Box D. 600 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.


FOR SALE—High grsde farm lands ln


Osceola County. Near

Tuﬂtln. Michigan. These were hardwood lands and

no pine stumps on the land. Soil ls gravel and rich

clay. Well settled country with schools and 80°Cl

roads. H. W. MARSH, Manistee. Mich ,


OCEANA COUNTY. MICHIGAN


I sell farms In this 00., the best in U. 8., Fruit.

Grain, Poultry, Stock. All sizes. easy terms. If

. the people of U. S. knew the advantages to be had

here. in 24 hours there w0uld not be standing room.

erte for list and llterature.

J. I). 5. HANSON. Hart. Mich.


EASTERN OOLOMDO RAHOH


Bargain at $6.00 an Acre.


Two miles from two rallroads; 8,200 acres. All

necessary buildings and fences, .6 and acne. 1,720

acres leased from State goes with ranch. Part

time if desired. Address


The MIDDLEMIST L. 5. C0" River Bend. Colo.


THE “NEWS WEALTH


comes from the soil; the richer the soil the more

money made. No better land anywhere than

l Tidewater Virginia and Carolina. Fine climate,

l with long growing season; three crops 9. year

1 from same eld. Yet lands are cheap and can

be bought on easy terms—a gold mine for an

E industrious man. Write for booklet.


F. l. IlEnIlTT, llllll snll Inlusl'l Alt. Iorlolk sad Southern

llsllssy, 20 lilllum Bsnk Bulldlng, llorlolk. In.


Michigan Lands


SEND for my free 32-page illustrated booklet and

map of the Dempsey Lands In Mason and

Lake Counties. Michigan; unexcelled (or general

farming and sheep and cattle raising. Best land at

owest prices in Michigan. Easy terms.


.1. E. MERRll‘l‘, Manistee, Mich.


_ FARMS

36 Acres—3% miles from Marshall, 2 miles from

electric line. 54 mile from school; 2 orchards. 200

rods woven wire fences; 6-room house. newly

painted; basement barn 20x30: other out-

buildings ....................................... $2250

83 Acres—25 miles from Detroit. 1 mile from ell-c-

trlc line; 14 acres timber; 7-room house, cellar;

barn 34x60; 46x24 cement lloor, hip roof.

steel track. new ................................ $5000

[00 Acres—Flue 10- room house; large barn. sllo.

all other outbuildings (well painted and la

excellent condition) .............................. 37500

This is an Ideal Farm.

I have farms in every part of Michigan. of every

size and at every price.

SEND FOR CATALOG 0F FARMS

“FARM HEADq‘UARTERS"

C AS. I). ‘ISKE.

7 I 3:14-15 Chamber of Commerce.Detroit,Mich.


Divides a swath—adjustable

It pz‘rks up the

Hay is not broken


Really ted-


and needs no dump-


cosi twice


more proﬁt on’every calf.


by feed butter lsl (worth 20c to 25c 3 lb.) to your calves

when you can raise them iusl as well on hand separator


skim milk fed in natural way by a RELIABLE CALF


FEEDER. the substitute [or Nature's way of feeding. Save:


on every call. Send lor Folder A, "How to Raise Good


Calhves"; tells Sllﬁbout it. Price. $3.50; ifyour dealer hasn't it send

us to name an a ove amount; we'll ship one at once express p 'd.

Reliable Manufacturiné Company .. Toledo. Olllio
. -..-~. ..ﬂ.-.—Ww»- M.


. rv'v


WW I LMﬂMﬁ’ﬂw ,


’ -512 (W


I


THE DAIRY.


m >_

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.


COM M ERCIAL STARTER.


I wish some information on commer-

cial starter. What is it made of and

where can I get the material?


Muskegon Co. 0. B. CARR.


A Commercial starter is simply milk in

which lactic acid bacteria have been de-

veloped. Pure culture for a starter can

be purchased from any big drug or chem—

ical concern. With some of this at hand,

the creamery takes some of the‘purest

milk that it can get and sterilizes it by

heating to 200 degs. F. Then it is cooled

and allowed to set 12 to 24 hours, then

heated again to 200 degrees. This is for

the purpose of killing all bacteria in the

milk, whether lactic acid or any other

kind. What they want is a sterile milk.

Then they introduce the pure culture, a

certain amount of it. I cannot tell you

exactly how much, but a good creamer-y

man who is familiar with the 'work of

developing a starter can give you this

information. A certain amount of it is

added to the milk. This culture then

develops, or grows, because lactic acid


starter and introduce it into another

small Jar or can of milk and develop

that, using that the next time! for com-

mercial starter. Of course, many farmers

or farmers’ wives in making butter uSe

buttermilk as a starter. When milk sours

there is a development of this lactic acid

bacteria. That is what makes it sour.

The only objection to using buttermilk

is that this starter may contain some

bacteria. besides lactic acid bacteria.

Creamery men in making the best kind of

butter, in other words, in controlling the

product, try to have as great control over

it as possible, consequently they resort

to pasteurization and sterilization to kill

off bad bacteria so that they can control

as near as possible, the output. Under

proper conditions. buttermilk saved from

the last churning, if it does not get too

sour, can be used to good advantage as

a starter for the cream for the next

churning. The best creamery buttermak-

ers like to use about ‘20 to 30 per cent of

starter in their cream. In order to do

this they must skim quite a heavy cream;

otherwise the starter iyill reduce the

cream or thin it so that it does not churn

“‘1‘”.


Dr. Marshall. of our state experiment

station, has issued a bulletin on commer-

cial starters in which he goes into details


World’s Champion Butter COW, Grace Fayne 2d’s Homestead, a Pure-bred Holstein.

The milk of the Holstein cow bearing the name above given was tested for


butter by a representative of tho (‘ornell


l'nivcrsity Experiment Station, during


the latter part of March, 1909, and by the Babcock test showed a yield in seven


days of 28.44 lbs. of butter—fat. As such


records are commonly stated by the Hol-


stein—FrieSian Herd—Book Association tho; qtiepmpibo s; icy-.Ionnq go plow~ St

35.55 lbs. of commercial butter at 80 per cent fat.


This yield exceeds that of any other


cow tested under the present scientiﬁc


systems in use at experiment stations and is a wonderful example of the capacity


and development of cows of this famous


breed of dairy cattle. The previous high


record was held by a, Holstein cow owned by a \Visconsin brccdcr. and New

York state now claims the C'llulllpion cow of the world, owned and developed in


Syracuse.


The cow exhibits to a. great dcgrec the. characteristic yigor of the Holstein.

Her last test was begun when shc was six years, 23 days old, and showed 5.42 per


cent fat. She was the champion four-ye


ar-old of 1907, testing 29.16 lbs. in seven


days and 119.22 lbs. in 1:0 days. As a live-ycar-old she tested 30.55 lbs. in seven


days and 126.68 lbs. in 3 days.


bacteria are nothing more nor less than

little plants, which grow and thrive when

introduced into milk at the right temper-

ature.


Now this small portion of milk is

called the mother starter. Here is where

the bacteria are acycloped. Then the

creamery man sth-s out some of the milk

received at the Creamery in a scparate

vat or can for his commercial starter.

This milk is sterilized also to kill all the

bad bacteria in it. Of course, he would

like to save. the lactic acid bacteria which

it already contains but he can’t do this,

so he must kill all. Then this milk is

cooled to the proper temperature and a

portion of the mother starter is put into

it. This introduces lactic acid bacteria

into the commercial starter. After a

certain length of time the milk sours

or, in other words, the lactic acid bac—

teria have developed to such an extcnt

that they have changed the composition

of the milk, and we call it sour. This

constitutes a commcrcial starter. Thcn

a certain amount of this, say 20 per cent,

is put into the cream and these bacteria

ilavor the butter.


Now it is better to have the cream

pasteurized to kill off the bacteria which

it may contain. Then when we. inscrt

the commercial starter we, get the dc-

velopmcnt of only the lactic acid bac-

teria. If the cream is not sterilized it

may contain quite a proportion of unde-

sirable bacteria, and these the bacteria

in the commercial starter have to over—

come or destroy. If we destroy them by

pasteurization, the starter has so much

less work to perform.


Instead of using the pure culture every


very carefully. If you want to learn


more about commercial starters I would


advise you to send to the experiment


station for this bulletin which explains


everything in detail.


THE SCORE-CARD SYSTEM OF DAIRY

INSPECTION.


Modern investigations in dairy sanita-

tion have shown the importance of pro-

ducing and handling milk under clean

conditions, and a signiﬁcant factor in at-

taining that result is the score—card sys-

tem of dairy inspection, according to a

report just published by the Bureau 01‘

Animal Industry of the U, S. Department

of Agriculture. The main advantage that

they attribute to the scorc~card system

is that it deals with itemized conditions.

(‘ity milk iiispcction a few years ago was

merely a matter of detecting added water

or preservatives. \l‘ith recent prongSS

in sanitary science the Work has broad-

cned. and boards of health are noW in-

vestigating the sanitary phases of milk

production, transportation, and distribu—

lion.


in the smaller cities most of the milk

consumed is rctailed by the producer, and

oven in places of considerable size many


producers are also retailers. In cases,

whcrc the functions of producer and re—f


tailor are merged in one person, an in—

spcction of the dairy farm discloses the


methods of distribution as well as pro-‘


duction, and the dairy farm score card


answers all purposes under such con- Amen'unﬂdw.Mfs.Co.,Dept.196,0tuwa.lll.


ditions. .

As cities grow, middlemen become a

necessity and their places of business are


THE N MICHIGANFARMER


time, we'save a. portion of this moth:


See and Know This Quality 7 Separator


What You Are V ”‘3? in" Mimi“.


Getting Before At a Price To Suit You:


Y ‘ ' ' Absolutely

ou Pay


ON’T take chances on so important a deal as buying a cream Guaranteed

'i?§i§§é?’vo§f€ai§b§$a‘i§i.".”§‘é£‘.°.§2‘§3.§i§l% $3‘ti‘é‘e‘ana

labor. twice a day, 365 days in the ear. are also at stake.


hgnltglg g°§3ilxlri§otg§ 3:152}. 5133 :fggihgaghd test the Omega Cream S

stator. There you'll ﬁnd Quality. The Omega couldn't be made better-if you $3},


willin to Day double the price. And ’

catalog talk" when you buy an . you don t pay out your money on faith and


OMEG .-


Our Guarantee


has no strings to it. It

States.frankl{| without

quibble that t e Omega

must be exactly as rep-

resented or you can


The good dealer proves before

your eyes every dollar’s worth of

value he ore you pay a. penny.

Then he adds III- guarantee to

our guarantee-and he is there, on

the spot, when you want bin) in

case of any disappointment.


Iend

It back. He is willing to take that respon-

The slbillty because he knows that

G d D I ‘31:? coutlon‘t gel:I “131mg"- iepa-

or a any pr co 8. s ims

00 ea er , closer, is so easy to keep per-

will give you the same fectly clean, so easy to turn,

amntee o n t h e and will keeprunnlng smoothly

mega—so you’ll have for so many years. In short

aman on in; spot who he knows that the Omega will

is responsible. satisfy you because he

If you want the sepa- knows t will increase

rotor that can’t be beat; your PPOﬂtB more and

for-- save you more werk


_ than any other separa-

. .

Close Slamming W Y“: gag”? T

' ear es

—If you Want the 89W ' ls long enough to prove titula-


; rater that 13

' Easiest to Clean

Easiest to Turn


And if you want: the

graparatm' that will give

u


Longest Service


and perfect service for

ears to come, then let:

be good dealer prove


bility, isn’t, it!


The first Omegas were sold


than. 'I‘lliey areﬁntaking money


an sav ng war or their uses


today. Wréte for

e


The Omega


to you that ,_ .- .

IT IS THE OMEG’A Separator Co. W

YOU WANT Write Today For Our


La ' . Mi

nuns ch. Helpful Dairy Books


Be Sure


and examine the skimming devices of any cream

separator 'ou think of buving. Then compare their

many “ iscs,” "win s,” “ﬂoats." ﬁ‘benters" and

other things impossib e to clean With the simple

skimming evice of the


National cream Separator


which you can clean perfectly in two minutes.

The National device is so strong you can-stand on it.

without. injuring it—so erfect. that we Will guaran- Eagle-t

tee it to skim closer 1; an an other devxce on the Cleaned

market. Insist; and your den er Will furnish and

demonstrate a National at no expense to you. Illus-

trated catalogue of full particulars free on request.


THE NATIONAL DAIRY MACHINE co. 33:3”

Goshon. Ind. Clue-go. Ill.


Running


. Cleaned in 2 Minnie!


i


3 Always mention the Michigan Farmer


I


caveman“ 0P LIKEé BOOK

Cream Separators and is the most easily and


quickly cleanedCreamSe -


’ . arator on the market. 0


Don’t think of buying any cream se arator 3 other manufacturerﬂﬂn Oﬂer


until you getour new Free Catalog and nvesti- Bucr‘ “ Simplev 93mm” and

gate Cleveland Cream Separators which skim

closest—are easiest to run—easiest to clean


satisfactory cream separator—

n machine with a. genuine

and are absolutely the most satisfactory sepa~

rators y 0 t1


‘ aluminum skimming device


‘ that opens in every part Just


like u; leitwcagf aboﬂkl. and


. - (".11 so orou cean-


Eire/(131526 €3,ng Wm: ing instantly ~gbecause


or more.


Here are a

few of the


1.. NEW BUTTERFLY


CREAM SEPARATOR

is patented in all the lead-

We guarantee ing Dairy Countries of the

the (,leve- world, and has 8 times the

land" to be

the most sat-


istactory:

Machine is

ball bearing


L other separators that sell

‘ at double the very rea-

sonable price we ask.


Shipped on our liberal


FREE TRlAL PLAN


umin tihroughout.

Al. .nm which makes V9“? Below No money in advance.


‘ hee i u yguaran ee .


skim t t as est {List Llne F I l t d

Bowl ' running Freight prepaid. Ask us for our Cream Sepa-

B '~ rater Book; it. is F EE, and contains valuable

e a f 1 n 8‘ 8 information that you ought to know before buy-

Guaranteed aret of thanli- ing any machine. Write for it today. Address


Absolutely e 5 . S e e . 781 Marshall Blvd.

- 1


~ . , WhICh makes ALBAUGH DOVER (20., CHICAGO ILL.


all: ac


it the most

durable.


Has alumi-

n u m skim-

ming devise,

which makes the bowl sanitary and most: dur—

able. Is the most. convenient machine, having a low

milk reservoir. Hasthe greatest skimming el’licl-

ency of any separator: It is simple in construction,

and has very few parts to handle. All bearings are

self-adjusting and never become loose. ls fully

guaranteed. Practically no repairs on account of

the hardened bearings, and few parts.


CLEVELAND OREAM $EPARA1'0R co.

Wbltnoy Power Block Cleveland. Ohio


tory


—u£w Low new];

AMERICAN CREAM


Guaranteed to skim closer

than any separator in the

world. Sold direct from the

factor We are the oldest,

exclus ve manufacturers of

hand separators in America.

ou save all agents'. dealers'

r and even mail order house


proﬁts. We have the most.

\ lberal 30 DAYS' TRIAL.

‘ freight prepaid oﬂer. Write

‘ for it. today. Our new


separator is the ﬁnest,

highest uallty machineon


the mar et: no other se

arator compares with II; n

close skimming. ease o

cleaning. easy running. elm--

pllcity. strength or quality.

_ Our; own (tn: man’éifatgtur-

- er's guaran e r0 0 you

{ion every AME [CAN ma-

hl We can ship


r.


$2.95:9 3.2.1: "' -—

‘1


Improved llllnols Low

Down Cream Separator


direct from the maker to you. We are

the only western factory sellin direct ._

tothe consumer. We ship on 3 days ’ .K

free trial. Write for free catalogue. , t I


[ii


. r 31:“? l . . , “ great of er and hen mo

Kﬁflilﬁ'l "lEnlmilhllﬁﬁ‘. $..'."3’:..°'.‘i?’§"§'f


when writing to advertisers.


( .
ijhese; [punts bade


-... we

1: “9 "1'

.41, 'V

, ‘ . ., tins 7'3:

-.more ,, familiarly, as}; at ‘M’


j Widef Frénge of calm:

city, equipment,“and methods. _One ex~

treme is a. building 300 to 400 feet long,

on a, spur of a railroad, where milk is

received by the, train load, cooled,- mixed,

ﬁltered, perhaps pasteurized, canned or

bottled, and held in cold storage until re-

tailed in the city. The other extreme is

the dealer retailing only a few gallons,

who may have no plant, his equipment

consisting of only a carrier can and a

quart measure, which were washed in

the kitchen sink with the family dishes;

or he may have ﬁtted up the dark, illy

ventilated basement of his residence as

a “milk plant,” with a wooden tank for

cooling the milk, a few dozen bottles, a.

washtub in which to cleanse them, a

dipper for ﬁlling, and a brush to agitate

lukewarm water inside the bottles. It

does not necessarily follow that all small

dealers adopt improper practices, but the

chances are that the ordinary mllkman

with small capital and only a little at

stake will not take as much care as a

person differently situated.


For the past two years the Bureau of

Animal Industry, thru its Dairy Division,

has been making a study of dairy in-

spection with a view to developing a sys-

‘tem that would be practical and compre-

hensive, and has assisted.the authorities

of a number of cities in different sec-

tions of the country in applying such

methods for the improvement of their

milk supplies. A striking example of the

possibility of improving dairy conditions

thru the score—card system is shown in

the report of 20 dairies at Richmond,

Va... which made the greatest percentage

of gain from the ﬁrst score to the last

during a period of six months. The low-

est score was 20 points on a scale of 100.

“This place," said the health ofﬁcer,

“was indescribably bad. Seventeen cows

were huddled into two dark, foul sheds,

with about 200 cubic feet of air space to

each cow. The water supply was grossly

contaminated. The milk was poured from

dirty 'milk pails into cans which stood in

manure in a dirty stable yard. Every—

thing was in keeping with this partial

picture.” This dairyman i111mcdl'11tcly

took steps to meet the requirements of

the scoring system in use, and his scores

showed steady improvement visit by

visit, the last score showing 62.5, which

was above the average. The same health

ofﬁcer further states: “Common justice

demands that full credit should be given

to the milk producers and to the city

dairymen for their share in what has

been accomplished. To anyone who was

familiar with the conditions under which

milk was produced and sold in this city

a year ago, a visit to the dairy farms

supplying us with milk at the present

time would prove little short of astonish~

ing. 011 every hand new stables have

been erected and old ones improved, mil

houses have gone up, stable yards i111-

proved, and, most important of all, bet-

ter methods of milking, handling, and

transporting milk have been adopted.”


Many large dealers employ an inspector

to give dairies supplying them with milk

a rating (111 the basis of the score card,

requiring them to reach a certain stand—

ard or stop shipping milk. To illustrate:

One large milk company added the fol—

lowing note to the list of prices: “These

prices- apply only to those dairyuwn

whose premises are scored 60 per cent or

higher by the department of health.

Those who S1'11l‘1" less than this will have

a reduced price paid. and milk from

dairies scoring less than 50 per cent is

not desired and will not be, accepted."


CARING FOR THE DAIRY COW IN

SUMMER.


My observation and 'my experience

both teach 11111 that as many mistakes

are made in caring for and feeding the

dairy cow in summer as in winter. Peo-

Dle realize that in winter the cow is

entirely in their hands and can get no

food except that supplied by her keeper.

Most farmers believe that the cow should

have all she wants to cut of good whole-

some food in winter and see that She

get.- it, consequently, she is better sup-

plied then than in the summer time, In

summer too many depend upon pasture.

Pasture is a Varying quantity. It is good

this week, and next week it is not so

good. It Changes with Weather conditions

that we are not apt to notice unless we

keep close tab. To begin with, the aver-

age farmer turns his cows out to pasture

before the g'l‘aSS gets abundant and be-

fore it gets mature enough to furnish a

good wholesome ration. He loses money

[When he does this, but he does it just the

same. The ﬁrst grewth of grass in the


siding is very succulent and tender, but ‘


it does not contain dry matter, the food

nutrients, the substance, that it‘ does

later on. Consequently it takes a much

larger ration of this early grass to sup-

ply the‘ needs, of the cow, and the average

man will turn her to pasture before she

can get an abundant ration.


He does this for a number of reasons.

In the ﬁrst place it’s a great relief to be

able to turn the cows to pasture in the

spring and get rid of the eternal chores,

or feeding and caring for them. One can

hardly blame the cow owner for being

anxious to get the cows to pasture, but,

on the other hand, it is poor busineSs

judgment to turn them into the pasture

and allow them to shift for themselves

before that pasture is in condition to

give them what they need, because they

run down in ﬂesh and fall off in milk;

there is a decrease in vitality, all of

which must be paid for later on, with

good interest to boot. The cow, then,

should be kept in the barn in the spring

and fed a good liberal winter ration until

the grasg gets a good start, until it has

some substance. Then she should be

gradually turned to pasture. Turn the

cows out after dinner and leave the-m out

until they get a good bite of grass, then

put them in the barn. The next day

turn them into the pasture a little longer.

and increase the time each day until

ﬁnally you again rely upon the pasture

for a full ration.


Now, if one has plenty of pasture area

so that the supply of grass is always

sufﬁcient,‘ there is no need of very much

other feed. The cow will take care oi

herself and it is a great relief to the

dairyman to have this pasture, but, un-

fortunately, the most of 11s haven’t

abundant pasture and the. ﬁrst we know

the pasture gets short and the dairy cow

is not having a full ration. The conse-

quence is we are losing money when we

ought to be making money.


The average duiryman knows that late

in summer his pasture is going to be


short, especially if he depends upon a

permanent June grass pasture. If he


has pasture as, one of the crops in a

rotation, for instance, his clover ﬁeld

for pasture, this may not occur, and yet

even this kind of pasture is liable to get

short in midsummer, or soon after mid—

summer, and 1111 extra ration should be


fed. The average luau k111'1WS, as I said

before, that his pasture is going to get

short and he knows that he, ought to

make some pupal ition fo1 supplementing

the p11st111c when it gets shmt. Now,

there are scvorul ways of doing this.

The question of having :1 summer silo is

one that is very often discussed. and the

provident. d11i1'y1111111 has provided l1i111self

with this silo, but many have not. Many

of 11s depend upon other foods for sup—


plementing the pasture. Some depend

upon feeding a good grain ration. Others


feed a good hay ration in the barn every

night. Others plant some soiling crop'

for feeding,r the. cows night and morning.

We all know that we ought to provide

for such c11101'gc11cy.-l111t many of us are.

careless and do not make the. proper cal—

culations, consequently our cows suffer

late in the summer and we do not gel as

much out of them LIS'VVD ought, A 111:1n

ought to make his plans- now and then

live 1111 to those. plans. if you are going


to depend upon soiling (Trips to help out

the pasture, then make plans for these

Soiling crops. 1l:1v<- some pods 111111 oats


grown for that purpose 11lo11o. \Vhen the

time comes, cut and few-(l them to the

cows. Have some evergreen sweet corn

later on. Have 1.1 good—sized patch of

it so that the cows (-1111 have all they

want to eat, and then see that they

get it.

SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT SOILING

AND FORAGE CROPS.


Please, '1i1e the 1’; 1lue of the following


as soilingr (Lops and 11s (1111111 foddui ior

dai1y rows. (1) (‘orn 111111 cowpczrs sown

together or separately. (2) Japanese


millet 111111 soy beans sown ttgcthor or

separately. (3) ’l‘cos'nlo. (l) Sorghum.


Also what is the value of sand Vctch

11nd rye for full 111111 spring pasture sown

111 C11l‘ll at last plowing? Also crimson

clover sown with outs for pasture after

the o'1is 1110 l.11\ cstcd"


\Vhat is the value 01' cowpeas mimson

cloch and sand 1et1h for green manu1e

each sown sep.1111tel1 or together?


What commcicial feitilizcr (and about

what would it 10st), should I use on

clover sod to produce a huge yield of

clo1cr hay? l\lv soil is clay loam.


“’hat combination of roughage grains.

roots, etc, will make a winter feed for

dairy cows that will make the best sub-

stitute, for' good pasture?


Borrien Co. H. D. I.


1. It would be better to plant the corn

and sow the cowpeas separate rather


’ (211 513

—


GREA


ﬂEPARATURS


.11. 4';

Don’t buy 11 cream separator without being sure you

KNOW what you are doing.


Making a mistake in buyme: 11 (11111111 separator

means a gleat deal—it means 111ste of time and butter-fat

twice a day, every day in the year, if you get the wrong

macl1i11e,—-——until you “scrap” the machine itself.


More than 15,000 users who had made such 11 mistake

replaced their “mistaken” machines with DE LAVAL

sc1’111rators during the year 1908.


They had probably wasted Five Million

worth of investment, labor and butter 111e1111wliile.


if you feel inclined to buy some other make of

separator by all means do so, if you can ﬁnd any

apparently good reason for it.


BUT why not TRY 11 DE LAVAL 11111cl1i11e beside

the other 11111chi11e for ONE \Vl'IlCK before you actually

contract to buy it? Simply SEE the conipzu‘ative

operation and comparative results and cxmnine the

comparative construction.


That’s a preposition open to every i11teudi11g~ sepa—

rator buyer. Any DE LAVAL agent will any it out.

lVHY not avail of it and lx'.\'()\\" what you are doing

before making this very important investment?


Don’t let any alluring “catalogue house” literature

or clever talking agent wheedle you into buying any

other separator without lﬁ‘ll’ll‘T actually TRYING-

alongside 11 DE LAVAL.


In other words, buy your

and knowingly and not on blind faith in

representations.


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR 00.


Dollars


separator intelligently

an ybody’s


42 E. MADISON STREET 173-177 W11.L1AM STREET

CHICAGO General Offices: MONTREAL


1213 & 1215 F11,11ERT STREET 14 & 16 I’RTNcEss STREET

PHILADELPHIA 165 BROADWAY, WINNIPEG


107 FIRST STREET


PORTLAND, ORE-


DRUMM dz SAcRAMENTo STS.


SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK.
“mint“.


_' asset-«v


514 (22)


than together. If you get a good stand

of corn and it grows well, there is 'no

use trying to raise cowpeas, because the

corn will shade the ground so much ‘that

the cowpeas would have very little show.

Cowpeas are a native of the south, and

you have to coax them to have them grow

well in this country. They need all of

the Warm weather and all of the sun-

shine they can get in order 'to properly

mature. Cowpeas are rich in protein and

make a valuable forage crop if we can

grow them successfully. Several years

ago, 'when we were having a number of

hot dry summers, cowpeas made quite

a gain in Michigan agriculture, but we

don't hear so much about them lately.

There is certainly nothing better grown

in this country for a soiling crop or for

dry curing than corn, altho it pays better

for the dairyman to put the corn crop

into the silo and keep it in this shape,

rather than to dry cure it.


2. Japanese millet makes a splendid

forage crop. yet it is not used very ex-

tenSively in this country except as a

catch crop. If your clover seeding fails,

or some other crop fails. then you have

a chance to plow the gtound. prepare it

later in the season and put in Japanese

millet. If we have timely rains so that

this plant gets good germination. we can

get a splendid crop. Very few farmers,

however, raise Japanese millet as a

regular crop because the plants adapted

to this climate are better, unless some-

thing unusual happens to them.


Soy beans are also a southern crop. or

a crop for a semi—tropical climate. “'0.

know considerable about them. They

have been raised successfully in this

country on warm sandy soils in a favor-

able season, but they have not developed

to any considerable extent and are tier-

tainly yet in an experimental stage.

They are rich in protein and make a

good forage crop where they can be suc-

cessfully grown.


3. Tcosinte is another southern plant.

Later writers claim that it is the plant

from which our Indian corn originated.

In Mexico and Central America it. is a

wonderful forage plant, growing to great

height and luxuriant-e. At one of the

southern experiment stations, Georgia,

I think, they grew over ammo pig; of

green fodder to the acre with this plant,

but farther north it has not been accli-

mated and does not do so wcll. l’rol‘.

Smith tricd it once at the Michigan sta-

tion and it only grew four or live feet

high. It is certainly risky to attempt to

grow any considerable arca of this plant

for forage. icttcr put in a patch and

experiment with it. it is not as good as

corn in Michigan.


4. Sorghum is another southern plant

which can be grown in Michigan and it

will do fairly well. Farmers in this

vicinity used to raise it and make.

sorghum molasscs out of it, but the

Yankcc doesn't take to sorghum molasses

and it was given up. As a forage plant

it docs vcry well, but it is not as good

as corn and will never be used. in my

opinion. to any great extent in Michigan

as a forage plant. If conditions are right

you can raise large crops of it, but you

can't raise any more of it than you can

of corn. (‘orn will maturc hcrc and is

rclishcd much more by stock than the

sorghum. and the sorghum can ncvt 1' take

its place.


5. In some parts of Michigan sand

vctch has bccn uscd wilh suc is: but}:

for pasture and to luv hui'wbl'll fol Inuit.

It docs lust on Warm sandy soil.


llyc we know makts a ,»'ll:ri:llill i

grass pasture. That is all, if your pw-n

truc is short you can girl ryc tr. Filip

it out in a measure. but it is in t; l: :1;-

nothing like our June grass pastuic. or

timothy pasture, or any (utllci' ol‘ oug-

native grasscs. 'l‘o sow cithcr onc of

these at the last plowing of corn tlocs

not give thcm a good show. I am quite

sure that you will gct morc good out of

rye sown at the last cultivation of the

corn than you will from the use of sand

vctch.


(‘rimson clovcr is also a plant that is

not thoroly acclimated to Michigan.

Somctimcs you gct a splcndld catch and

RI good crop of crimson clover. and other

times you do not. I do not think it.

Would amount to very much sown with

oats to use that fall for pasture. I doubt

if it would be worth as much as our

common red clover. and you know that

does not get well enough established so

that you can depend upon it very much

for pasture the first season. If you take

either one of these plants and sow them

alone in the spring, not using a nurse

crop to dwarf them and keep them back,

you will get a more thrifty growth, con-

sequently will have more feed from them.


Cowpeas, crimson clover and sand vetch


all make a splendid green manure, and I '-


am inclined to think that it would‘be

more proﬁtable to grow these crops for

that purpose than for forage crops. All

of these plants are rich in protein, being

plant-s that correspond to our common

red clover, peas and beans, and while

they, in my opinion, would be reliable for

use as green manuring plants, I do not

think they would be anywhere near as

reliable as the plants just named which

we know all about. Common red clover,

ﬁeld peas and beans would be better for

manurial purposes than these untried,

unacclimated plants in Michigan.


Fertilizer fOr Clover Sod.


Frankly, I do not believe it would pay

you to use commercial fertilizer on clover

sod this spring that you intend to cut

for hay. I don't believe it would make

very much difference to apply fertilizer

to the clover this spring. Fertilizer, in

order to be used as a plant food, must

be mixed with the soil and must be dis-

solved in the soil moisture before it can

be taken up by the roots. Now the clover

plant that has passed thru the. winter,

and which will produce our crop of clover

this summer, is Well established. Very

much of the plant food which is used in

developing the top for hay this year is

already stored up in the roots and crown

of the plant, consequently to have re-

ceived beneﬁt from the fertilizer it should

have been mixed with the soil at the time

the clover seed was sown, or even before

that. If applied now there is no way to

barrow it in and mix it with the soil,

consequently you must rely upon rains

dissolving it and washing it down into

the soil so that the roots can get hold

of it. Personally, I would think it a very

foolish investment of money to put com-

mercial fertilizer on clover sod if you

want to gct the beneﬁt of that fertilizer

in this year's crop of hay. Better use

the commercial fertilizer on the oats and

corn this spring. mixing it with the soil

thoroly before the crop is planted or at

time of planting.


A Winter Ration for Cows.


\Vintcr milch cows should have all of

the good mature corn silage and all of

the good early-cut, \Vcll-cured, clover hay'

they can eat every single day during the

winter. (if course, the farmer generally


has some corn fodder, or pea and oat‘


straw, or other forage which he wants to

get rid of. These can be fed, but his

basic ration should be corn silage and

clover hay. Now. depending somethingf

upon the cow, you will want to figure

on feeding from 5:0 to lo lbs. of corn

silage and from 15 to 20 lbs. of good

clovcr hay cvcry day. llcsidcs this you

'will want a grain ration rich in protein'

to balance up the corn silage, which is'

rich in carlnihydratcs. If you raise peas]

and oats, then I would suggest that you?

fccd ground pcas and oats once a day;

and cottonsccd mcal once a day. If this:

ration won't coax cows to give a goott

tlow of milk in the winter time. thcn It

know of nothing that will. If you haven’t

thc peas and oats you might possibly.

feed the entire grain ration of cottonsecd‘

meal. giving it twice a day and sprink—

ling it upon Ilic cnsilagc after it is put

into the mangcr. They do this in the}

south without any injurious effects. 1‘

foot] corn »ilzi,'-1r. (”MN 1' hay. ;‘ llw—x of col—


lonsl nd now] in if c 15min n: and J lbs.

of oi] liHu‘il :.t nigrl. T‘vJJvnrtlIx', I lit:—

lit‘.‘c it ‘.'."§Il iv! in” l};!:.l '.r imd the}

4 .l-':. ’.I.‘ ’ “7'“! $1 r-t’i " t :z. ,' : lilill ﬁfty

".‘.:."l- "m .‘.'. " ""‘v'wlrl .':,-::l j: for]:

'. "i :1'42 Hiilw‘w'y.‘


1 rod. ‘. _' "I ‘.‘.,."l‘ ‘..'!:l. Hi I S‘lllJ—‘

H E ’7 ' lo! l ~ ii I‘ili


' ’ ‘ r ”Juli/i !!.l:-.. U!“ colll‘J‘.1

" ,‘l lfi'li for liH' oil


int X 2'." .‘ri 1!.le'24' n ‘.‘cy good


1:.lion irrir-wi. tit 1-;1- bran, figuring the

rllulwlliH' pudcin, costs much more to

balanco your ration than the oil meal.

l‘onscqucnlly I Would prcfcr the oil mcal.

(lil incal is an t-xcciicnt food to use as a

part of a ration. Now, i do not believe

that you can ﬁgure out a cheapcr ration

and one that will givc bcttcr results.


l

******* " l


The Man Who Keeps COWS


(‘annot fail to be interested in handsomoé

catalogue, containing seventy-live excel—'

lent illustrations. The Working parts of

scparator are shown in detail and convey

clcarly tlic cxlrcmc Simplicity of LOW

Down American (‘rcam Separator, and

the reason for its casc of operation, quick

cleaning and ability to separate either

hot, or cold milk: milk from fresh cows or

“strippers." 'l‘hcir .system of selling,

wonderfully low prices. liberal term of

trial and attractive purchasing terms,

are all fully explained in this catalogue,

while the general information on the

scpa‘ator subject is such that, whether

you have a separator or not, you should

have a copy of this catalogue. You can

receive one postpaid by addressing Am-

erican Separator Company, Box 1061,

Bainbridge, N. Y.


‘ THE MICHIGANFARMER


- S


.-.. . ...._,_.


MAY i, ﬁts»


I ~ * .


/ .


:3 l U


The Best

Separator “


U


To Sell. i;


For tbe Dealer.


A machine that stays sold

and gives lasting satisfaction.


That does all the user ex-

pects of it, all the time.


That is backed directly by

the manufacturer.


That is built right and any:

right without constant atten-


CREAM

SEPARATOR


l


'The Best

Separator

To Buy.


For tbe Farmer.


A machine that’s ready to run

every time he wants to use it.


That will get all of the

- cream, all of -the time, under

5 all conditions.


That will produce any de-

sired density of cream.


.m-C


l That runs easily and is easily

cleaned and cared for.


THE 19o9 NITED

IMPROVED STATE


U FULFILLS EVERY REQUIREMENT. UV

5 It is backed by years of experience in building hand separators and S


‘ is made today of the same high grade materials and with the extreme -

care that has made the United States Cream Separator celebrated for

durability and reliability.


Go the dealer who appreciate: the benefits of selling tbe

BEJ‘T CREAM J‘EPARA TOR MADE, Webave an attractive ,

proposition. '


‘ Write today for our beautiful, concise, illustrated Catalogue No.1 I I

. VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., Bellows Falls, Vt. _

p L , - U

‘ U.s. us 5,


~m-c


H O W T O T E S T A

CREAM SEPARATOR


If any maker, agent or dealer wants to sell


you a Cream Separator of any name, make or


price, here’s the way to test it:

RUN IT ALONGSIDE OF AN ECONOMY

CHIEF FOR SIXTY DAYS—that’s all. If the


Economy Chief doesn’t outskim, outrun and


completely outclass the other machine in daily


use on your farm, send it back and keep the


other machine.


ﬂit (my one of the 193,000 Economy

Separator user: what he thinks zz/zout it.


= to = back if not satisﬁed. Write today

for free copy of Economy Chief

Dairy Guide that tells you all.


SEARSROEBUCKé’iit’s‘t}


60 days’ trial. 20 years’ guaran-

80 S 1 365 tee. Money and freight charges


SEA GREEN a‘PURPLE SLATE


SEA GREEN AND PURPLE SLATE


is nature's own productfnot man made. ‘ Quarried from solid rock—split into

convenient; form for laying, and then in its natural state ready for the root.

OLl D ROCK SAN 'IV‘OT waAgx-OUT It can’t burn .


rust, warp. crack. tear, or ecay. hat’s why a eon or le Slate Roof-

never wear out and never require painting and repairing like 8.1 other rooﬁng.

. Sea. Green & Purple Slate Boots are suaable or auylbuildina. new or 01 .

Give gerfect protection. Reduce insurance rates a spark and ﬁre-proof.

Aﬂor clean cistern water. Not samba bf heat. or col . First cost—only a.

triﬂe more than short lived rooﬁng. tt 0 :7 ur root question for all time.

Don't a and more money for poor rooﬁng. rite to us for our free book

"BOO "—it willsave you money. Give name of your local roofer. Write today.


AMERICAN SEA GREEN SLATE 00.. Box 7. Granville. N. Y.


\!


_ Y
fence to dry the disks from


separator.


through the top.


wrongs don’t make ubucket

able or right.


HIS picture shows how one woman used her picket


She realized the need for using a separator

and the work of thoroughly washing a half bushel of disks

‘ twice a day. but she did not know that the Simple

Sharples Dairy Tubular would have saved her that work

and given better service, or she never would have let

' her husband buy a disk machine.


Two Wrongs Don’t Make a


"Bucket bowl” manufacturers are wrong, in the ﬁrst

place, in using wide mouth, squatty, "bucket bowls” fed

That kind of bowl is not modern. I:

They are ‘wroné, again, in ﬁlling their bowls with disks

or other contraptions, for such parts do not make a steady,


simple, light, easy to clean, durable bowl.


The only modern bowl is the light, slender, simple

Dairy Tubular bowl, hung below its bearing and fed


through the lower end. Our patents prevent imitation,


W All \W

14'“th


__.-


will

"in


her bucket bowl” cream


These two


bowl” separators desir-


competitors com-


machine.


number ot years.


for them.

world’s greatést separator factory.

1908 sales way ahead of 1907—out of sight of "lost, if not all,


The Sharples Separator Go.


West Chester, Penna.


Germany.


so others still make "bucket bowls" out of

date years ago.


Anyone can build disk separators cheap,

and build them like the

The maker of this “old original”


"old original’ ’


advertising a suit against a catalog house


machine that has been built like his for a


other disk machines are like


.

nght Or has he discovered what is still


worse for him—that farmers


want to try a disk machine are buying cheap

ones, so they won’t lose so much when they replace them with Tubulars?

Disgusted farmers are trading in to us, for Tubulars, car loads of


“bucket bowl” separators—new as well as old. Not a pleasant experience


bined. 1909 better

yet. Get catalog Toronto. C“.

N o. 152 . Winnipeg. Can.


Has he just discovered that


Avoid it by getting a Tubular.

Branch factories in Canada and


disk


The simple. light

Sharples Dairy Tubular

bowl is easily washed

clean in 3 minutes. A

few thrusts of the brush

does it. Better than

spending 15 to 30 minutes H!


his?


Who washing a “bucket bowl.”


Tubulars are made in the


Portland. Ore.


Chicago, Ills. San Francisco. Cal.


r


Galloway


lP“BA‘I'II IN Oll.”

lllxil Oreoo Separator—Direct


Save $25 to 350 direct at my factory


price—freight prepaid. Get the only


Separator that runs in "Bath 0t Oil. "


x like a 35,000 automobile. This


alone is worth $50 extra. but


‘ costs you nothing extra.

Take


90 llays’

Fem Test—Frelgln Prepaid


Why pay ‘85 to $110 to dealers or agents

\ who cannot sell you a separator equal

to the Galloway—closest immer-

easiest run—easiest cleaned—IO-yr.

guarantee. Send for BOOK FREE

. GALLOWAV co.


643 Galloway 8th.. Waterloo. In.


...33i=i


The Dalrymen who are making most

money today don’t depend on dry feed.


Their cows eat fresh. sweet silage—from

the famous Sodinow Silo. It cuts feed bills

in half and makes the cows produce to their

fullest capacity. The

Silage in the "Saginaw”

is preserved perfectly

for there is no opportu-

nity for air to get in and

spoil it. This silage di-

gests so easily that it

makes more and richer

milk than any other teed.


Put This


Saginaw Silo

By Your Cow Barn


and let it make money

for you


No other Silo made .’

can show such big re- "i

suits. Its silage is -

cheaper thaneitherdry

feedorpasturage. And


It Pays for “self” In One Season


Letters come to us every day from enthusiastic

farmers who say they' re sorry they didn' t.

Saginaw Silo sooner. What on save on to

gain on milk actually more t on pays for the Silo

the ﬁrst. year Write today for our splendid Free

Book. It tells all about Silage and the construc-

tion of the Saginaw Silo.


FARMERS HANDY WAGON COMPANY

BOX 64 . SAOINAW, MICH.

Dos Molnes. la. Minn eapo is, Minn.


Owl Brand Pure Cotton Seed Neel


e ll feed

49 Pereeel Protein and Fe. 2‘33 ﬂamed?“

No.11 M prises. . .l' W. DIODE l 00.. lemme, Tenn.


JBSI SAY “5" your Ad. in nu.


Michigan Former”

when writing to our Advertisers.


JERSEY Blil. . §$$.L§3?§§.$g‘%xli“§lf


no borgsin. Bhlnevnle Form, Pt. Austin. Mich.


BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.


ABERDEEN-ANGUS.


Herd headed by UNDULA'I‘A BLACKBIRD

ITO 83836. one of the best sons of PRINCE ITO

50006. end Grand Champion Bull at the Detroit

and Grand Rapids Fairs of 1907 end 1908.1!erd con-

sists of Ericns Blockbirds. Prides, ec.t

WOODCO'I‘E STOCK FARM. Ionln. Mlch.


ABERDEEN ANGUS bull. l Polled Durham

herd bull closely related to World’s Champion. and

one yearling bull left. Freight and cor fare to buyers.

CLOVER BLOSSOM FARM, Port Austin. Mich.


GUERNSEYS‘ﬂé‘ﬁ‘mgtﬂgﬁ


ed cows. ALLAN KELSEY. Lnkcvlew. Mich.


HOLSTEle—A ﬁne registered hull of excellent


breeding and individuality. 17 mos.

old for .100. :I. M. SHORMAN. Fowlervllle. Mich.


' ' ' HICKORY GROVE STOCK

Holslun-Frmlans- m....o...u~....p..........

11.1. On]: Grove. Leiv. 00.. Michisen. Bell phone


IIOLSTEIN FRIESIANSZiifiz'Xd’iey 3.22.2335:


Boysl King. W. B. JONESDsk Grove.R. No,3.Mleh.


TOP NOTCI‘i HOLSTEINS.


"Top Notch” registered young Holstein Bulls.

combining in themselves. in excellent proportion

the blood of cow; who now hold. and in the past have

held Worlds Records for milk and butter-fut at fair


prices. McPHERSON FARMS 00., Howell, .Mich.

nougmgoswckm Hm lHoIstemOaitle.


Has more imported HHolscaln-F'rlenian Cows

than any form In the Middle West. Registered

BULL CALVEB of the most fashionable breeding. 30

line, registered, Duroc Jersey sows due to furrow soon.


HOLSTEINs-I will sell “Aggie Cornuco-

pio Pietertje Dekol” No.

57254, Born Mar 20. 1908. Unquestionsbly the best

bred yearling bull in the slots. 8 Bull celves 2 to 4 mo.

old. A. R. 0. dams. Write at once if in need of some-

thing good. L. E. CORNELL. Fayette. Ohio.


HEREFORD$=‘:’;‘:‘2.i§.”lii’.‘£21::i'.


Chins hon. R. I. ALLEN. Paw Paw. Mich.


JERSEY BULLS READY FOR SERVICE.


Three young bulls reedy for spring service. out of

good cows with records of 4m to_ 500 pounds of butter

In a year with only ordinary care. Also I ﬁns lot of

young calves. Write for description and prices.

00 K C. LILLIE. Coopersvtlle. Mich.


Northern Grown Jorso s.

BOYCBOF'I‘ FARM. Sidnnw. Mic .


JERSEY Bull Cell born July 4th '08, ﬁrst cult of s

heifer whose dam move 9350 lbs. milk in one year.

test54-10. Sire’s Dani's record 10060 lbs. with ﬁrst call,


test 5 no past. The lumy-WeternenOo .Mn Arbitration. .116


Si. Lambert Jerseys idismé’onni‘éaéfvisyfii


heifers. L. B. KUNEY, Adr an. Mlch.. Bell Phone.


RE” POLLED BULL from O to 15 months old.


9 bred from good milking

sows. John Berner a Son. Grsnd Ledge. Michigan.


MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.


'1‘. F. MARSTON. Bay City. Michigan.


CHOICE JERSEYS. “We St. Lemberts. Young


stock of either sex for sole.

CLARENCE BRISTOL. R. No. 1, lemon. Mich.

which m n k e it


SPECIAL m...


management to leave the State. the entire equip-

ment of Francisco Form must be sold. 30 Grand

Shorthorn cows and heifers, mostly Ymmﬂ Play/Hires,

Young Alaryx and Lavinia: with two or three Scotch

crosses. and a high class herd of P. C. swine are in the

otferlng. Come and see them and you will be surprised

at the prices made. P. P. POPE. .Mt. Pleasant, Mich.


WOODLAND SHORTHOHNS.


Let us quote you prices on some choice cow',s and

heifers. We want to buy a. good bull out of a heavy'

milking ds1n.Red preferred.


MEYER BROS.. R. 7,Howell, ﬂichlgon.


Pure Bates Shel-thorns.

Polled Durhnms. A. D. DeGnrmo, Highland, Mich.

BED PﬂllEll c"TlElisﬁ‘é‘éEEiYe’iSJ‘iféigd‘lié

heifers at $50 to $75. E.Brsckett. Allegsn. Michigan.


1. a. clause slocl Fiﬂll. ﬁanihtmaflgﬁz


Have some choice cows and heifers st rlght prices.


sunny.

ERDENHEIM FARM


SHROPSHIRES


EDWIN S. GEORGE, Owner.

Rams and Ewes for Sale.


WRITE FOR PRICES T0


ROBERT GROVES. Shepherd,

R. F. D. No. 3. Pontinc. Mich.


SllllOPSlllllE HALL STOCK FARM.


Will make special prices for thirty dsys. on ewes

from 1 to 3 years old. all bred to Imported COOper,

and Manuel] rams to lamb in March and April. also


Owing to conditions


BERKS BIKES—8°“ b... ..


Longfellow’s

Duke. and our new herd boer Prime Bacon

98611, in great son of the noted Lord Bacon. and

of intense Masterpiece breeding. Guernscys.

M. B. Tukcys. B. Ply. Rocks. Pekin Ducks.

Hupp Farms. Birmingham, Mich. G. C. Hupp. Mgr


A FEW FALL GILTS bred for fall Mfsrrowfng,

also choice lot of spring pigsb ynxKJ

Premier. .A. PATTULLO, Deckerville. Mich.


BERKSHIRES“SPR‘NG PI“

sired by sons of

Premier Longfellow and Masterpiece. the world's

champions. C. D. WOODBURY. Lansing, Mich.


DAMS BROS. IMPROVED CHESTER WHITFS Litchﬁcld, lich“

won more premium: in '08 than any other herd' 1n ﬂi'chigon.


Stock all ages for solo. Prize winni W. Orllington, Leg


hor n sud Buff Rock eggs. £1901: 15.5horthorn bulls &' heifers


CHESTER WlllTES‘ﬁéﬁwxﬁT'ﬂlﬂui‘Edﬁ'L'.


Also fall pigs either sex. Orders booked for June


delivery. W. 0. WILSON. Okomos. Mich.

cnrsrrn wants. 13.2%.: has: also


flu-row $20. 00: Spring pigs either sex. Satisfaction

guaranteed. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.


nunoc JERSEY SWlNE, new: 22?; it


for 15. J. H. BANGHART. Lansing, Mich.


UBOC JERSEYS—Boers ready for service. sows

for Spring furrow. Pigs at weaning shipped c. o.

d. if desired. L. R. Kuney, Adrian. Mich. Phone 131.


Duroc J erseysﬁgﬁ'ﬁggi

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Mich.


UROC Jersey of also end quality. 40 130er may

for service. 50 sows at Farmers Prices. Balls-

fectlon Guaranteed. J. C. Barney. Coldwster. Mich


O I. C.’s Boers &;sows all sold, I have a. line lot of

. young pigs that will soon be ready to ship.

A. NEWMAN. Route No. 1. Morlettc, Mich.


O l C’s—ALLAGES. Thirty sows bred

° for spring furrow. Shipped


on approval. H. H. JUMP. Munlth. Mich.


0 l C Boats ready for service. Spring pigs by

0 0 0 grandson of World’s Grand Champion.

Glenwood Stock Form, Zeelsnd, Michigan, R. 6. Phone N.


O l C swine very prolific. My herd is

0 . 0 headed with o grand son of Jackson

Chief. the world's Champion and Grand Champion,

the greatest 0. I. 0. boot in the world, also a Grand

son of Tutesy second. the world champion sow.


on very choice ewelsmbs, this is to make room for an

importation that is going to arrive this spring.

L. B. DURHAM do SONS. Concord. Mlchlcnn.


GO INTO SHEEP RAISING


Buy of Michigan’ s Largest Breeder of good sheep.

Romeyn C. Pol-Ions. Grand Ledge, Mich.


AMBOUILLET—Flock founded l892 with 40 ewes

selected from one hundred registered ewes of the

best breedlng possible. J. 0,. A. COOK,Morrice.Mlch.


“068.

FOR SALE, 2,000 PIGS,


6 to 8 weeks old. at .0150 to 83 each: any breed’.

Will shi by express and give your money’s worth.

UTILI‘L’A'I‘ION CO.. Grand Rapids. Mich.


NORTHERN“ BROWN BEBKSHIBES.


Me Sldl‘llw. Mich e


Place your order now for spring pigs.

A. J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.


P l dChl b d ' Si rt-

HHVY BONED 1.8.1:“ “.11.“;°3{'..?§mi.°“é‘5m“}o.

ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Mich.


snap-shot photos.


POLLED JERSEYS—Hornless dairy cattle.

Rules for registration. breeder’s names. etc.. of


Chas. S. Hatfield. Secy. Box 9, R. 4, Springﬁeld. 0.


—Choice young boars fall far-

POland'chlnas row. bred right. some show pro-

spects and herd headers. Prices right. Write today

L. W. Barnes dz Son. Byron. (Shlswnssoe 00. ) Mich.


Poland-Chinas. SEMI... ”“3. "33%


your order now. WOOD 85 SONS. Saline. Mich.


LARGE EllGLISll YORKSHIRES.


Boers ready for service $15.00; Gilts bred for fall far-

row 020.00; spring pigs either sex. Satisfaction gunr-


i snteed. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersvllle. Mich.
5164.241 ‘ v


My Big


SPLIT HICKORY Vehicles are tredem

lowest prices.

and my celebrated


l1.C.Pl1ELP5

President.


Let Me Pay the Postage on


Although these books cost me 8centseach to mail, for go stage alone, et I’ll gladly send you one, FREE,

, because I want you to know about SPLIT HICKOR

My Factories to you on 30 DAYS’ FREE '1‘


This Book Means 11 Saving 01 $25.00 to $40.00 to You


‘ on just the Vehicle you want—because of the DIRECT Factory Prices it quotes you. Get this Book-sit down of an eveninc

and look it over. It contains actual photographs of more Vehicle's and Harness of every descrip- . ,_,

tion than could be shown in ten dealers’ salesrooms—over 125 different styles of Vehicles and Full Line of HarneSs. - ,

This' is my latest 1908 Book—and it is truly a Buyer’ 3 Guide. It not only gives descriptions and prices—but it also:.—'.

tells how good Vehicles are made—why they are better made my war—all running parts made of Second Growth Shell-£11. "ﬂm‘"

bark Hickory-split with the grain—not sawedk across it-thus giving extra strength and long wearing qualities. , 1.“ I 1" /Vmﬂwkl


THE MICHIGAM .. "


Free Iuggy Book to You


BUGGIES— ade to Order—Sold Direct From

Guaranteed Two Years.


proves all

my claims.


1r

kVehicles-known in eveﬁstaAeN in the Union for highest qualities and ‘2 \ (PHH


DAYS’ F REE TRIAL


Making Vehicles to order, I give you any option as to ﬁnish style, etc. —that you get from no other man-

ufacturer. Buying direct from my factories brings you in touch with the people who make your Vehicle.

My Two-Year Guarantee is to youj-direct. My Free Trial Plan 1s to you-direct. My prices are to

you—direct. No roundabout transactions as when buying through dealers. No dealers’ proﬁts added

in the price of your Vehicle—all meaning a big savin and more satisfaction to YOU.

Split Hickory Vehicles now in use. LET ME SEND OU THIS BOOK AT ONCE. Address ,


’ 20th-

“ E N c H s century

Steel Ball coupling Pivot Axle

Cultivator 325‘. ”83?:

Planter and Fertilizer


Attach Complete in

One Machine.


c0Liiwa15i'E‘i1AL


at World’ s Fair. St.

Louis. A wonderful-

Improvement: in culti-

: \ vators combining every

' g poastble movement of

gangs and wheels re-

. qull ed Easily changed

to different at ten.

Thousands in use. M’f'r sot all kind of Ag’ r’ Im-

plements. Agents wanted; Write for circular.


‘l’he Hench l1 Dromgold Co., Mtrs.. York. Pa.


ry 'r ress we sell goes to the bu er


cgntlzgglhuliglisale iand fret httret'uindfdsit it

cl a me ma 0 or t


Catalog. Write for Catalog. 11 our


J. a. spancsa. Dept. o. DWIGHT. 11.1..


SPENCER


‘Slickney GasolineEngines


ARE THE BEST


Why? Because of the outside lgnlter

modern open cooling system. straight.

line valve motion and ball- bearing gov-

' _ ernor. Thousandsinsuccessful op-

eration because of our years

of experience in building the beat.

Seven 81105213161018 ILP.


Sand for our Free Catalog and

our Catechism telling ﬁfty-seven

_/ reasons why Orlclmey Ill-


L/ — clues are the Boot.


' "Agents everywhere sell them.


Charles A. Sticlmey Company


MAIN OFFICE & FACTORY ST PAUL. MINN.


DeLOACH

3% to 200 ILP.


AWMILL


snare. casouue AND warn rowan

nouns sHmcLs muss-coma mus

wt PAY THE FREIGHT.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.


DeLOach Mill Mtg. (20., Box 35 7, Bridgeport, Ala.


GET BUSY


, Sawing your summer's wood

with 11.. DIAMOND sue

FRAME AND a,


bestmsde. FULLY GUARAN.


151211. All styles of fumes}


All sizes of Saw Blades. Ask

your nearest dealer. or write direct to the factory. Primed


tastier free. NEW WINONA MFG. CO.


1040 W. Fifth Street. leNONA, MINNESOTA.

It Never Slips!

One Man


Operates It.


Stretches all kinds of wire to the last post. The

harder you pull the tighter it grips. Smooth jaws,

cannot cut or injure the wire. (m and 0136 like a

pair of tongs. By express prepaid $1.00.


STAPLE PULLER on earth. Dr1ve hook uBu-

der staple, lift lightly and out it comes.

mail, 25c. Both tools by oxpr. prepaid, $1. 25.


lever Slip Wire Stretcher C0,, West Farminnton. Clio


j. Factory Price


0111 Empire

'Big Wire”Fence


Freight prepaid for everybody for


as Ohio and Mississippi rivers.


, Double the life of


little wire fences.


High carbon steel,


heavily galvanized. Fence to turn


anything and to last, Note the


crtmped tie at crossings. Send for

sample today to


‘ BOND STEEL POST C0., Adrian. Hid].


We will give $100.00 for”;\


the 5 best ears of seed corn


,ll

MANURE SPREADER '


bought in 1909. Write today for full partic- ‘

ulars, and ask for our FREF . SPREADER


BOOK. which proves that the Appleton Manure

Spreader is as strong as steel and oak can make

\ it; so simple that any boy who can drive a team


’ In operation that it never bunches the manure.

but pulverizes thoroughly and distributes evenly

from the beginning to the end of the load.


APPLETON MF’G. CO.

20 Fargo St. Batavia, Ill., 9. S. A. ‘


Does the CoWs

__a Heap of Good


Cow comfort and cow sanitation result in mo) 9

cow profits and that alone should tndm c any

farmer or datryman to seek those conditions.

London Sanitary Steel Stalls and Stanch-

ions double the light and air in a barn and insure

erfect ventilation. perfect sanitation—a result

impossible with any wooden equipment. Yet


LOUDEN STALLS AND STANCHIUNS


are actually cheaper. London stalls of heavy

tubulai steel. with malleable fittings, have no


ﬂat surfaces for dust to am unmlate—easy to keep

clean and almost indestructible


Loutlen stanchions glve tows more comfort

than other makes yet keep them pc1ioctiy lined

up. Thmat chains prevent cows 110111 lying

down when milking. Simple and very durable.

Latch easily opened or (losed with gloved hand.

but can’t be opened by animal. Scnd today

for free catalogue of sanitary. money saving

barn equipment.


LOUDEN MACHINERY 00., 803 Broadway. Falriielii, Ia.


With Magnifying Glasses

In The Telescope


enables you to read the

Target at a distance of over

400 yards therefore the problem‘ -

of a FARM LEVEL with TELESCOPE at moder-

ate cost has at last been solved. Voluntary letters

from every State in the Union show the com lete .\'.

satisfaction it gives for all kinds of DRAIN GE \w---

WORK. IRRIGATION, DI'I‘CHING. TER- ~

RACING and every sort of farm work requiring

a Level. GUARANTEED to be absolutely SIMPLE,

ACCURATE. DURABLE and dependable in every

respect. NOW is the time to send in your order.


BOSTROM- BRADY MFG. 00.,

148 Madison Ave., - - -- Atlanta, Ga.


Complete

Outﬁt w i t h

f 11 ll instruc-

tions, shipped

a n y w h e r e

C. O. D. $15.00

a. n d express

charges.

Subject to

Examina-

(ion.


cfor th 9 Greatest Value Ever

Offered —The Burr Automatic

Safety Tackle Block for Farm Use, 7 00


Here is an article that will pay Block that does a chain block’ 5 work—the one

for itself three times over. even that has no teeth wedgt s and eccentrics to bite,

though you found use for it only teadr 1anldawear 510pc. Yet it locks1 unffjlingly


. an o (S r1g1 y on greasy an we to e.

3 days ”1 Ehe 365' , , Lasts a lifetime. p


But you 11 use lt.many times. Think how convenient in changing wagon

With it you can lift and move boxes moving sick orinjured animals. moving

hundredsofpounds yourselfwith- Stones Stretching Wile fence. loading cropﬁ.

_\ -outhelp. ()ursmallest(6001bs. (331m 833195 fouirncn ft work a“; the” pay

1 . - on nee one earn 5 uses an enormous

1! capacity) coostsllgut 700 Our advantages over all other blocks—rope and

‘ largest (5 0 0 5- capacity) chain. Get prices capacities and full descripc

- sellslfor $4 25 tion. Justapostal—now—whileyou think ofit.


' It ts the one Rope Tackle BURR MFG. 00.. 138 Viaduct, Cleveland.0.


NEW MUDEl STEEl BEAUTY HAY PRESS


With or with- NEVER FAILS


out self-teed positive

pull back without spring. ,


Wyon‘ﬁhv’vs—i

~(WM0011. .

312121. 8011111


_..._\ .4


A complete line or power balers .

paper, wool shavings cotton hulla mid Write for Catalogue.

compress presses.


Our success with this machine has been simply marvelous. Thorough tests convince us that it is

absolutely correct in principle. It is built entirely of steel. Has low bridge for horses to walk over,

and no pull of team in crossin Has large feed opening and long bale chamber. Warranted in every

particular. We also make a 1111 line or Balers. For full information address the manufacturers.


THE WHITMAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANY. 6005 S. Broadway, St. Louis.lMo.


'- LIST 01’ BRANCH OFFICES 1.;

Birmingham, Ala. Nashville, Tenn.

' Boston, Mass. New Orleans

Builalo N. Y. New York, .Y. \

Chicago, Ills. Philadelphia, Pa.

Cincinnati, 0. Pittsburgh, Pa.

Denver, Colo. Pittsburg, Ken.

I) 11: ,fl\ inn. Portland, Ore.


Pa. Salt Lake City Utah

L’a €71, Nich. San Francisco, Cal.

Hustlngt: :1,W. Va, Scranton Pa.

Joy; in l'. o. E,sattle Wash.

sCltv, x“Mo. 8.0kaue Wash.

8? Louis,M


:1; :11:

I: exico Lity, Mexico Torreﬁente.°1nd.


. EIDUPOJVTDEIWOIRS

POWDER 6'0

WILMNGTONcﬂEL/


. W’;'~L ’5/9 ~\


Keep YOUR stock where it be-

longs. Protect your land from

NEIGHBORS’ stock. A

CLEVELAND WIRE FENCE

WILL tDOIIT FtOILtYOU' Easy

oerec Aways 1g —our spring

lwn every LATERAL WIRE makes

it so, despite climatic changes.

Made in all sizes, any heights

from Special High Grade Hard

Steel. EXTRA HEAVYG TOP WIRE

and CROSS BARS. Requires no

repairs. Steel Farm and Orna-

mental Gatos of all styles and sizes.

Write for FREE CATALOG and

SA AMPLES.


' CLEVELAND FENCE a. ma: co.

Dept. 3 Cleveland. Ohio


The heaviest, strongest,

best galvanized fence

made. A more substan-

tial, stock- -resisting,

time-defying fence was

never stapled to posts.

Free samples with cata-

log showing 150 styles

at prices from 15c per rod

up and full particulars

——free on request.


WE PA Y FREIGHT

We will send you a sample of our

all No.9 wire (once. You can test

ttany way y on like. Filo ltand see

how thick the galvanizin The

“BROWN” 'willoommendltselfto

you. It Is the best. Free Catalog.

The BROWN Fence a. Wire Co.

Dept. 49 Cleveland.0l1lo.


“The Fence lhat Lasts Forever!"

CHEAPER ‘ ' - THANWOOD .


O I

l " l


1 I q

‘ “L i s: I I 11 III I III

Ornament your troInt yard by installing abeautlfnl

Iron F once. Our-I ron Fence has Style, Finish and

Durability, and In cost we com etc with the World.

100 Cholce Dleslt I. Address Elle ’t D for prices.

OINOINNA ON FEN (incorporated)

FRIL EE CQta'rlOﬁlIle. D GENO OINNA ,0

AGENTS WA TED II every town. EASYT TO SELL


OillllMEli'l'Al. WIRE AND STEEL FENCE


heaper than wood

combining strength

and art or law 115.

, churches cemeteries

_ Send for FREE


CATALOG. Address

The Ward Fence Co.

Box 677 Decatur, Ind .


r


‘ I THE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF '


WELL 111111111111


MACHINERY Mm"- W°

. have been mob

Inc It for‘Bver 20 years. Do not buy until you

see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14.801111

forlt now. ItisF


Austin Manufacturing Co., Chicago


11., “A“ . .