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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

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590 (2);





‘ T is obvious that work in the direc-

1 tion of amending the physical quali-

ties of land is the first guiding prin—

ciple in successful crop growing. Thor-

ough drainage and the incorporation of

an adequate supply of humus-forming

material with ,the’ soil is a thing to which

we do not pay enough attention. One

reason, undoubtedly, is the cost of labor,

but a IeSS justifiable reason .is the habit

we have of spreading our labor out oVer

too wide an area. If every farmer could

be induced 'to study some of the excellent

effects of concentrating capital and labor

0n land, as has been practiced in Eng-

land, Germany, Holland and Denmark, it

would prove of incalculable benefit in

illustrating some of the possibilities now

lying dormant in our soils.

acres of our naturally

productive lands are almost useless for

farming purposcs because the moisture

conditions are not right. This leads to

drainage on one hand and the conserva-

tion of moisture 011 the other. Of course,

every farmer is not in a position to get

his soil in the best physical condition to

conserve moisture, but he should plan

his work so that what he is able to do

from your to year shall fit nicely into a

permanent system of drainage and form

a part of it. Drainage and moisture con-

ditions go hand in hand and if these

conditions are right, it is easy to control

the heat and texture of the soil by cul-

tivation and plowing under humus-form-

ing materials.



Drainage is a problem that requires

study, observation and a lot of experi-

ence. Money invested in a good system

of tile drainage pays good returns. but:

a vast amount of money has been wasted

by putting in drains that had no outlct—

drains that were not laid true to grade

or drains that were laid too deep or too

shallow. I wish to go over briefly some

of the elementary principles of drainage.

ltlvery line of tilc should have a sufficient

outlet that is lower than the land to be

drained. It should strike the running

strcam at an angle in the direction in

which the stream is running, The out-

let should be where the rise of the water

over the mouth of the tile Will not back

up. or if so only for a short distance.

Never empty a line of tile into the stream

at right angles. or at an acute angle up

stream, but always down stream. so t‘:

the 111(it‘e1nent of thc water when it is

t' lvered has a tendency to draw the wat-

t-r out of the tile.



No tile should ever be placed in .‘L

stream by guess work, or even by a

water icvel, except perhaps for a short

distance where there is ample fall. Any

(‘uils."(ierabie drainage system should be

surveyed by a competent surveyor, grade

stakes located and the grade followed the

cutire length of the drain. If If any

reason one tile is laid below the p oper

level, the portion below will fill up\ith

silt in a very and the» ca-





Thousands of





short time,





pacity of the whole line will be meas-

ured by the restricted capacity of the

one tile. If it is half-filled 111), then hilt





of the capacity of the line above is lost:

for its ability to deliver water will be

determined by the portion of the one tile

that remains unfilled. Any failure to find

the accurate grades and lay the tile

properly means the taking up of that

portion above some time in the future

and after more or less damage has been

done to the entire» system above the point

of failure.



Essential Factors In Economic Drainage.



A man should understand the charac-

ter of the soil which it is desired to

drain." Soils may vary in this respect.

Some are hard clay through which water

passes very slowly. Others are gravelly

or sandy soils through which water

passes very rapidly. Some land requires

drains as close together as 40 feet. In

other soils drains laid 100 feet apart may

be amply sufficient. If the drains are

quite shallow the tile may be smaller

but there must be more of them. In

more porus soils, the deeper the tile the

farther they will draw the water from.

and the fewer line-s are necessary for

perfect drainage of the land.



The size of. the tile. particularly the

mains, must be determined by the quan-

tity of water they are expected to re-

move from the land, and to some extent

to the character of the rainfall. In lay-

ing out a system of tile it is necessary

to consider not only the rainfall that

comes upon the land and it character.

whether in slfowers or in floods, but

whether the land is so situated that it

must take care of the rainfall on adjoin:

ing lands. There are vanous fa~tors





«Muffin: 14mm





3..."; ..;:: ,.

THE WIGAN FARMER





Maintaining Farm Fert111ty--II





which influence the character of the land

to be drained and the services of a. skill—

fu'l drainage engineer are often neces-

sary, for it is a serious mistake to put

in an eight-inch main when a ten or

twelve-inch one is required. Again, the

size of the the will depend upon the fall.

Where there is a 1fall of an inch to the

rod or six inches to 100 feet, a much

smaller tile is required than where there

is a uniform fall of but a half or quarter

inch to the rod. The greater the fall,

the more rapid the stream and the small-

er the size of tile required. Never put

in laterals at right angles to the main

line. If you do'the lateral will dam up

until the main line has begun to empty

itself. Put them in at an acute angle

and always down stream with the cur-

rent of the main line.

Amount of Fall Required.



Sometimes the question of how much

fall is absolutely necessary to drainage.

A very slight fall will drain land with

the tile well located. For a short dis-

tance tiles will work on land nearly

level; but the movement will be slow.

The pressure of the water in the soil

will force water through tiles, even if

there is apparently no fall. but the great-

er the fa-ll the better. Very frequently

it is nccesary to make fall by sinking

the main lines to a greater depth than

would be necessary or desirable for the

drainage of the land. Then, if the later—

als enter the level place at three feet

and the main lines laid three and one-

half. feet it is possible» 'to secure six

inches fall, or sufficient for twenty rods.

although more full would be much better.



Putting in a complete system of tile

drainage costs a lot of money. ,In some

instances it means an investment of~from

$30 to $40 to the acre, or more than the

land is worth after it is put in. We must

view tile drainage with the same busi-

licss sagacity that we would any other

farm investment. The trained business

man with limited mcans seeks invest-

mcnts which are safe and bring quick re-

turns. Ilnless we can secure similar re-

sults We should not invest in tile drain-

age.



Where Drainage is Most Needed.



The field that is .fairly productive. that]

contains a slough, or a wet port-ion,

causing a set— back in the work of the

farm, should be given first attention. By

draining those wet portions of the field

the yield will be increased, without ad-

ding to the cost of tillage and seed. By

trying out the work on a few wet acres,

We can 'find out what tile drainage is

worth in increasing the productiveness

of our farms and be prepared to do more

intelligent work in laying out new sys-





tems and making extensions to our first.

The Proper Depth ‘to Lay Tile.





In determining the depth to lay the

tile we must care-fully consider the type

of soil and the fall of the land. On a.





coarse sandy or gravelly soil where the

object of the drainage system is to re-

move the water from around the plant

rcots, I would lay the tile three or four

feet deep, but on a fine clay soil the tile

should be laid as shallow as is consistent

with the fall of the 'l‘and and the climate

of the country: for 011 clay soil the chief

object is to remove the water from the

surface as rapidly as possible after every

rain to prevent it injuring the crop, and

to do this the water must have easy ac-

cess to the 'tile. The water courses

should become established and the whole

system reach efficiency in two or three

years.



For an eight or ten-acre field, where

very little water from higher land set-

tlcs. a five-inch main tile will carry off

water fast enough to prevent injury to

the crops. For the 12 or 15-acre field a

six-inch main line should be large enough

to carry still more water if we should

desire to extend the system to other

parts of the farm. A well-planned sys—

tem of tile drainage should be as endur-

ing and permanent as the land itself.





.Where it is necessary to utilize open

ditches for outlets great care is neces-

sary to prevent them from filling so that

the water might rise above the level of

the .outlets that flow into them. I have

not attempted to tell all there is about

tile drainage, but simply to present a.

few of the- guiding principles, in the hope

that if any of our readers are: interested,

they will ask for further information

concerning any phase of the work.

New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





FARM NOTES.





 





Anthracnose of Beans.





Can you give me any information about

the common bean blight



Lapeer Co. C. 0. S.



This so-called bean blight is due to a

tfungous disease known as anthracnose.

There is no treatment of seed or other

remedy, except the selection of seed free





from the spores of the disease. There is





a popular impression among farmers that

anthracnose is the» result of unfavorable

weather conditions. It is also a well-

founded opinion that the cultivation of

beans while they are wet w0uld tend to

produce this disease, commonly called

blight. As a matter of course, however,

this disease is not directly due to weath—

er conditions, for if the spores,a.re not

present in the seed or in the soil the

most unfavorable weather conditions will

not cause its development. The working

of beans after they are wet, however.

provided they are affected with this fun-

gous disease, dishributes the spores about:

upon healthy plants at a time when

conditions are favorable for them to ad-

here to and become established in other

plants not previously affected.

Consequently the disease may be worse

in a wet than in a dry season, even

though the infection may be present in

the seed which is planted As above

noted, the best method of treatment is

to secure seed which is free from the

brown spots which are more or less

characteristic of this disease. This ad-

vice will also apply with regard to other

destructive bean diseases. such as bac-

teriosis 's‘o-called, which is a very sim—

ilar disease and from the standpoint of

the farmer may be considered as prac-

tically identical with antimacnose, so far

as results and treatment are concerned.

Soil Analyslt.





-I want to use some fertilize-r next

spring. Is there any place I can send a

sample of the soil to have it analyzed?

1 will know what it needs.



Clare Co. D. L. F.



An analysis of the soil would not be a.

desirable guide as tie the kind of fertilizer

which might be most profitably used upon

it for the reason that such analyses do

not give information as to the availabil-

ity of the plant food nutrients in the soil

for the use of growing plants. ‘This fac—

to.‘ was overlooked some years ago when

soil analysis first came into prominence

as a possible means to the end of advis-

ing us as to the best formulas of fer-

tilizer to use, and the surprising result

was that the chemists found that prac-

tically all soils of value for agricultural

purposes contained sufficient of the prin-

ciple elements of plant nutritlion to pro-

duce maximum crops for an indefinite

term of years. But the availability of

these plants foods is a very variable fac-

tor in different soils, hence the doubtful

value of a chemical analysis as a guide

in the use of fertilizers.



Apparently nature has taken this

means to prevent soil exhaustion, viz.,

keeping the plant nutrients in the soil

locked up in unavailable combinations and

making them slowly available from year

to year by natural processes. For this

reason it is a far more satisfactory plan

to try different formulas and quantities

of fetilizers on the land itself, and in

this way determine accurately which is

most profitable to use. In a general way

one can be guided by the kind of soil

and the crop to be grown, but accurate

information on the formulas and amounts

of fertilizers most profitable to use can

best be secured by experimental trials.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





SUBSCRIPTION PRICE

To THE MICHIGAN FARMER





One Year 50 cents



Three Years



Five Years

‘or for convenience send a $1 bill

for Two" Years.





 

 

 

 

 

 





$l.25

$2.00





-judgment.





 





DEC. 28, 191,2.





There is _no authority ’on this subject so

good as the soil itself, hence the wisdom

of putting the question directly to the

land ' .





KEEP THE BOYS ON THE FARM.





 





What shall be done to keep the boys





contented, until their views of life and-

of their own abilities shall have become“-





more practical? What the boy can do to

the best advantage is a difficult question,

in many cases,_ to decide.

sibly, many idle fancies. In his youthful

ardor-he imagines that he may not the

able to accumulate the wealth of a Van-





derbilt or a Carnegie, 0r attain to the ‘-





sta'tesmanship of a Seward or a .Glad-

stone, or the oratory of a Webster or a.

VVatersori. He may have been a frequent

visitor at the city home of some affluent

relative. The elegance which he there





beholds presents such a striking contrast

to his home on the farm that he at once 1





determines to adopt the trade or profes-

sion which enables one to live so luxu-

riously. The stations in life which our

boys will be best qualified to fill is a.

question which should be decided only

after mature deliberation and profound

consideration. Nor should they be urged

to follow any particular calling, however

well fitted for it in our own estimation,

contrary to their own inclinations.

give them as good an education as is

practicable, which will develop them, and

aid very much in determining their prop-

er sphere in life. Better, perhapsplet

them act independently at first, and ex-

perience may teach them that they are

acting unwisely. They must then be

more ready to accept advice.

Make the Old Home Attractive.



Perhaps the father is living in the old

house which was occupied by his father

before him; everything about it is unat-

tractive. He has been moderately suc-

cessful in making money, and the old

place suits him well enough. He im-

agines that he is contented and happy,

without ambition for bebtter things and

the idea of making home attractive and





pleasant for the children never enters’





his head. He is at a loss to understand

why the boys dislike farming. He would

like to have them follow along in the old

beaten paths, to live in the same style





and manage the farm as he has done.





The boys say to themselves that there is

a great deal of hard and unpleasant work

on the farm, and but little about the

home- that is attractive to them. They

go up to the village, where they may ob-

serve the neat little cottage of a me-

chanic, a pleasant, bright home surround-

ed by trees, shrubs and flowers, and ev-

erything inside and out wearing an air

of comfort. He may be going to make an

evening call upon one of the girls. Books,





papers and magazines are to be seen,‘





inviting perusal, and the conclusion is

logical that such men are getting more

enjoyment cult of life than their father

on the farm, with all his money. Now is

it not advisable to make the home reas-

onably atltractive? To accomplish need

not require the expenditure of a large

sum of money. Often the old place, with

a moderate outlay may be transformed

from an unsightly, uninviting home to

one quite the reverse, and very likely the

old people, when the change is made»

willbe equally as demonstrative in their

satisfaction as will the children.



The home now made pleasant and at-

tractive, the children will enjoy it, and

show their appreciation of it by being

more useful and taking a greater Inter-

est in all that is going forward on the

farm. If they leave it they will always

haVe pleasant memories of it and enjoy

returning to it. Give them plenty of

good reading matter—If means allow it—

provide a good phonograph, with a lot

of good recordswthe cost will be not

large in comparison with the pleasure to

be derived from them—in the gratifica-

tion of seeing the boys spend their even-

ings at home rather than in the village.



Another thing: Teach the boys, before

they become of age, to do business for

themselves. Let them go to market oc—

casionally and dispose of the farm pro-

duce and make necessary purchases. They

will in this way, gradually form habits

of thrift and usefulness, and become

better fitted to transact business for

themselves when it becomes necessary

to depend upon their own resources and

Watch their progress and aid

them with suggestions and advice. But'

above all, make home pleasant for them.

and probably some of them will stay on.

the‘farm and care for the old people

when they are compelled to relinquish

their many duties, growu harder by time

and added years.





Monroe Co. Dh. Cwsw‘om. ,.





 





 





He has pos- ‘





First. '
DEC. 28, 1912.





‘ THE -MICHIGAN _FARMER.





Observations ' On Northern Michigan Agriculture.





peninsula of Michigan are not: in-



terested in soil conservation and

forestry. The forest fires that sweep

through are disheartening when refor-

es-ting is. attempted or suggested on cut-

over lands. There are notices posted on

trees on the roadside warning campers

and hunters to put out camp fires, and

alltogether those devastations are some-

thing that strikes fear and terror. Many

owners of cut-over are-as would be glad

to have the pines grow up and where

protected the growth of young trees is

quite notable. The very nature of the

pine, with its falling cones and needles,

makes the menace of fire great. On the

forest reserves in 'the west, fire strips

are cut through, which makes it possible

to maintain the burning to a restricted

area. Sheep are not objected to in the

forest! reserves, except when overstocked.





Sheep In the Northern Counties.



There- is always a glamour of greatness

about a sheep ranch and the word ranch

is associated with greatness when it is

simply the Spanish word for farm and

the area may be very small. The aggre-

gate of the small flocks of sheep is great-

er than the large ones and Michigan to-

day has opportunities for men of small

means to emark in the sheep business.

There is practically unlimited range on

the cut-over lands and on the so-called

plains. which are light sandy tracts with

considerable jack pines growing.



The settler who will secure a home

farm on the hardwood soils to grow feed

for winter will very closely correspond

to the western sheepman with his home

ranch and alfalfa. There will be a much

longer feeding period in Michigan but

some countervailing advantages. An expe-

rimental flock of moderately close wool

ewes, mated with Shropshire or Oxford

rams, ranged in the summer and fed in

the winter, would do more to solve the

problem of these sections than anything

else I know of. Any country where grass

grows and deer abound, if dry, will pro-

duce sheep. In fact, that is the histori-

cal development of countries first grazing

and then agriculture since the days of

Abraham and Job. Sheep would be of

necessity close herded, to protect the

crops of settlers as well as to afford pro-

tection to the sheep from dogs and lambs

from foxes. At this point is the connec-

tion between sheep and forest fires, viz.,

that graze-d areas are remedial of fires

spreading. Ncar Hilllman, in Montmor-

ency county, one farmer sold spring

lambs in September, weighing .118 lbs.

Co-operation in herding might be ac-

complished as 500 ewes is about the min-

imum of flock to profitably employ a

herder. If lambs could not be finished on

the range there is 'a large demand for

feeders close at hand in this state.



Quack Grass on the Plains.



Every created thing is said to have

some useful purpose and quack, which is

the stock question to fill space in cheap

farm papers, flourishes like the wicked

or the green bay tree, whichever figure

of speech may apply to the sandy plains

land. John J. Ingalls called grass ”na-

ture’s forgiveness that covers the naked

soil." These plains soils need lots of

forgiveness and quack, so despised. is

really a nutritious grass and can live on

soil that will starve out a homestca-der

and will make wool and mutton. Prof.

Bessey recommended quack grass for the

sand hills country of Nebraska and Col-

orado. No person has given commenda-

tion on the plains soil but it is there and

no one seems to dispute its possession.

A Weed is said to be a plant out of place

and may be the quack grass has found

its place at last.



An Agricultural Expert.



H. G. Smith is the United States De-

partment of Agriculture agent, with

headquarters at Alpena. He has several

counties under his supervision, viz., AI-

pena, Montmorency and Presque Isle. Mr.

Smith is a Wisconsin agricultural grad-

uate who knows farm matters path from

the farm standpoint and from a scientific

attitude. He has assisted in getting al-

falfa started and preaches the gospel of

lime and inoculation. One big-hearted

far-seeing Alpena county man has of-

fered 500' tons of lime crushed, free of

charge, to try out on the acid soils. Mr.

Smith also sees a greatl future in these

light soils growing vetch seed for mar-

ket. Most of the vetch seed is now im-

ported from Russia, and costs around

$8 per bushel. The vetch is a legume and

a soil improver like the clover, and es-

pecially adapted to light soils. Thevetch

may, take the place 0f the pea, which





THE northern counties of the lower





 





teams and living, really retards the de-

velopment of these. lands, because the

settler with limited means finds the cost.





too great to undertake and sometimes in





has “gone wrong” apparently, in Mich-

igan.

About Peas.

There is some occult condition that





prevails in the pea crop. Every country

must have its legume and protein crop.

Alfalfa, coneas, soy beans, etc. There

was a time in Michigan when the field

pea was accorded a prominentl place in

agriculture, but of late years it has lost

its vigor and seems on the verge of fail-

ure. Near Hillman, in Montmorency

county, one careful farmer harvested Only

three bushels per acre, when the crop

should have yielded 25 bushels per acre.

The importance of the pea crop for soil

improvement, 3. cash crop and for feed-

ing sheep and hogs in a light soil north-

ern county is scarcely appreciated by

residents of the near corn belt. The

Thumb district of Michigan has had a

similar experience, also the west shore

counties where peas were an important

crop for canning. I was much interest-

ed in'wnat Gen. Sears, of the Sears-

Nichols Canning Co., of Oceana 00., told

me of their experience. For the planting

season of 1912 a. carload of seed peas

raised in Montana was used. The pre-

vious season had been one of almost

failure. This year the Montana seed

showed most encouraging results, and

already other canning concerns are ar—

ranging for Mentana seed. An apparent

revitalizing in the seed raised under con-

ditions of higher altitude and sunshine

takes place. An agricultural commission-

er in Michigan could take up these ques-





tions instead of allowing years of loss

and disappointment to agriculture. In





the absence of any other authority the

Michigan Bean Jobbers’ Association has





 





sheer desperation is obliged to settle on

the poorer land. If Michigan had as

advanced ideas of settling up her vacant

land as prevails in the Canadian North-

west, by assisting the settle-r to get a

start, there would be a vastly increased

number of prosperous farmers, where

there are none now. One of the most}

remarkable object lessons in govern-

mental creation of wealth is seen in the

irrigation districts under federal govern-

ment reclamation. Here is a sage brush

valley, supporting some rabbits, sage

hens, and maybe five acres would pas—

ture a steer, and even this estimate may

be axggerated. Government agents and

engineers determine a fertile soil and

water can be had to irrigate. To illus-

trate, the cost of the irrigation projectl

will be $24 per acre and this improvement

assessment becomes a lien on the land

in ten equal payments without interest.

The desert land, with government as—

sistance, is advanced to $25 and when

the project is completed the land is

worth $50 or $75 per acre. The differ-

ence between the $25 and the selling

price represents the gain to the settler,

who becomes very fond of his govern-

ment when blessed with such advan-

tages.



. Oil.



is something fascinating about

what is deep in the earth where even

the alfalfa roots do not penetrate. In

Montmorency county are fields of mounds

like hogs. A bottomless oil can imbed—

ded in one of these mounds, confining the

gas to a small opening burned for sev-

eral weeks. The gypsum and shale, to-

gether with the syncline or trough-like





There





 





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Motor Truck Transporting Apples on





undertaken to combat the deterioration

of the bean crop owing to anthracnose

and other devitalizing agencies.



Lime.



There is a strong suspicion that the

lack of lime in sandy soils has something

to do with the failure of the legumes.

Even the once famed crops of clover seed

in these northern counties on the sands

seem .to fade away. Mr. Smith, the

Agricultural Department reprcsentative,

finds most of these soils acid. Among

Ithe few desirable berry plants that have

defied the attempt- to domesticatc them

is the huckleberry. It is generally un-

derstood that the buckle-berry will not

thrive on a neutral or alkaline soil but





demands an acid soil whether on the

sand or on the swamp soils. Nature,

however, has been reasonably kind in





providing enormous supplies of lime rock

and marl deposits to cure the ills of

acid soils. Many places the clay subsoil

is from 12 to 18 inches under the sand

and these clays are well supplied with

lime and the other mineral elements es-

sential to fertility. These lands with

clay subsoil are very promising from the

Standpoint of alfalfa growing and since

the roots of this legume are longer and

more penetrating with the warm sandy

surface soil, which does not “heave” as

does the clay, it is a fair conclusion that

here is some of the cheapest alfalfa land

in the state.

Some Improvements.



The lumber firm of Kneeland, Lin-den

& Bigelow are farming several hundred

acres of soil originally covered with hard-

wood timber. They aim to produce sup—

plies for their lumbering camps. The

important point is that the grasses pro-

duce fat beef animals and this is one of

their lines of pnoduction. The probable

cost of putting in cultivatable condition,

not! free of-stumps, however, of these

cut-over hardwood lands. approximates

$12 per acre. The increased cost of tools‘





L. N. Howard’s Oakland County Farm.





formation between two ridges or anti—

clines of the strata, looks very promising

for finding oil. Already leases have been

made based on 10 per cent of the oil

output. Michigan is the. owner of con-

siderable land in this county which has

reverted to the state by non-payment of

taxes on land denuded of its valuable

timber. It would be poetic justice if the

state, after permitting itself to be rob-

bed by a mistaken system of allowing its

wealth to be exploited rather than con-

served for future generations, to have

untold wealth in the apparently unde-

sired land thrust back on it.



To the open minded these northern

counties are mighty interesting from

many points of View. The soil, the min-

eral wealth and the economic develop-

ment of these resources for the benefit

of all the people. The most striking op-

portunity, however, of all and with cou—

ditions already ripe is the sheep busi-

ness. If Michigan’s dairy development

had been given as little consideration as

is given that of sheep it would be today

a laggard. The swine and sheep raiser

have just a little right to be jealous of

the state’s attention to the cow and to

the neglect of oher animals.



Shiawassee Co. JAS. N. MCBRJDE.





HARDWOOD SHAVINGS





 





IN MANURE.





 





Are hardwood shavings, which are of-

ten found in manure, beneficial or other-

wise, to the land?



“’ayne Co. P. A. R.



Hardwood shavings, as frequently used

as an absorbent in stable manure, serves

this purpose fairly well and produces no

injurious effect to the soil in the quan-

tity used. On hard clay land they may

produce a beneficial mechanical effect.

The hardwood shavings will decay and

form some humus in time, but nitrifica-

tion will not be repaid enough to make

them of immediate value in the manure

except in their capacity as an absorbent.





 





before you buy that form engine

where you can get the beat and

cheapest.

I've got a. book that tells all

you should know about on-

ines—thelr notion, their per-

under all conditions. etc.,

besides layin bore the secret or why I’m able to

sell my New 1313 Model.





Galloway Engines

$50 To $300 Lower In Price





than anybody, anywhere, will charge you for last

year’s 11103:! ortilm old-pattern engine. All this

s explain in e Gran-toot F-

Englno Book You Evor Saw-. ' R E E

upon request. it tells about my 5-Year Guarantee, 30

to 90-day FREE trial, and

low price on latest, im- -‘—

roved 1913 Model—the

best gasoline engine 3

that ever came out of a ‘

factory. You can’t

beat. my engine for

arice or qualit. .

rite for it— 0W.

Wm. Galloway. Pros.

The Wm. Galloway Ct...

6450)! Galloway Station, Wotorloo, Iowa

Stocks on hand at Kansas City, Council Bluffs,

St. Paul and Chicago. Prompt shipments.





formance. their wo





     





 





 





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We also make the famous

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APPLETON CIRCULAR LOG SAW.

Ask for our completefree catalog.





APPLETON MFG. CO.





620 Fargo St., Botovio. ill.





 





 





 





 





 





 





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best saws in the world are

SILVER SAWS





ATKIII sum





They are made in the greatest saw factory in the

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He will refund your money if it. disappoints you.





There's a. lot of valuable information about really

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E. C. ATKINS 5: CO. Inc.





Main Factory and Offices—Indianapolis. Indiana.

Branches throughout the civilized world.





 





 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





Ecl- all puma-ea. Direct from fuel

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" Bargain Pnces—l3c per rod up

yd L Get our new fence book beiore

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W Also Lawn Fence and Gates

_ e save you big mono — 've '

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0m. 49 THE BROWN FENCE 9 Wins co.. CLEVELAND. omo





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large catalog is free. .





100 other styles of

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—flrst class dairymnn of e ' oe

WINE“ round good former. as vigil-iii." foaming]:

on farm of 200 acres near city on line. so 00 9. etc.

Address Dairymon. care Michigan Farmer. Detroit.
592 m





 





HEWO

BELGIANS.





NEW IMPORTATION





We have given more than a quarter

century to importing. breeding and dis-

tribution of the Belgian horse. We

handle no other breed and believe we

have now in this new importation of

stallion: and more: a clan of bones

that will please you, and all are for

sale at prices not equalled by anyone

in the business when merit is consider-

ed. Will be pleased to have you ask

about them and to visit us at any time.





H.& H.WOLF





Wabash, Ind.

HEWO STOCK FARM





METZ BROS,





NILES, MICH.





We have a fine lot of imported and

American bred





Percheron Slallions





on hand and we can sell them for less

money than any other importer. Write

us your wants.



METZ BROS., Niles. Michigan.





A. A. PALMER 6r SONS





Open the season with the finest aggregation of





PERBHERD Stallions





and Mares



they have ever cfi'ered to the breeding public.

60 Head to select from.



P. O. Beldinl. Mich. R. R. Orleans.





PERCH ERO N S





bred for utility as well as show quality. Stable

includes several international winners.’1hree

2-year- old stallion colts of (fil‘lalltyg‘ for sale. Come,

or write B .ANDERSON No :3 Adrian. Mich.





. . 3- '.

Hummus-3:16 gsrocyghskcpmg

yearling stud colts. ERHOLT. Dutton. Mich.





liegM. Percheron Siallion and Marc Coll: for Sale.

.A. BRAY. Okemos, Mich.





JACKS and MULES





liaise mules and get rich.

18 Jack and Mule farms un-

der one management.

where can be seen‘l460 head

tine lar e Jacks,h Jennys and

mules. tol hands high.

Good ones. Stock guaran-

teed. Write for prices to-

day. Address

KREKLER’S JACK FARM



West Elkton. Ohio.





Branch barns: Clinton. Ind. " . .





SAVE -TllE- HORS





kBe‘iltered





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





     





OUR LATEST Save- The-Horse BOOK-minu our 17

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- THE . -‘ MICHIGAN 'FARMER.‘





Raising Beef Cattle 011 the Farm.





ANY American farmers are prone



M to follow customs that prevail in



their communities. They are, to

a. great degree, imitators of the methods

followed by others with whom they as-

sociate, instead of being independent

managers of their own business. It seems

to be more agreemble to do as is the

custom of their respective neighborhoods

than to hew out a way, so to speak, that

would be more profitable to them, or be

more conducive to their best interests.

The statement applies in many cases

where it is the custom to keep cows and

follow daering where one’s location, the

character of the farm and many other

things make it difficult to follow that

kind of business. In many cases the

businws is not profitable under certain

conditions, and yet it is followed from

force of habit, rather than because it

pays better than any other line of farm-

ing could be made to pay by intelligent

management.



Old and New Conditions.



Back in the sixties mixed farming was

almost universally practiced in Michi-

gan. Nearly all the farmers kept a small

number of cows, raised their calves and

had, in addition to the grain crops and

wool, some beef animals 10 sell. Those

were years of great prosperity. and many

an elegant, though old-fashioned farm

house, stands today as a monument indi-

cative of the good judgment of firmcrs

of that period who desired to have a

good looking dwelling house that would

be convenient and comfortable. In many

cases the war prices enabled the tin-lily

and prudent ones to accumulate fortunes

that have been left as a. valuable and

useful heritage for the benefit of the-

present generation.



During the seventies the western

ranches were stocked. It was the custom

to sell for shipment west the calves from





the dairy portions of the eastern states.





111 a few years large numbers of beef

cattle came to market from the ranches.

\\'cll

were sent west to improve the stock, and

the farmers of Michigan were compelled

to compete in the markets with cattle

of good quality as well as great numbers

from the western ranches. And far er,

the situation was made still more dis—

couraging by the fact that the western

ranchmen were. breeding cattle in large

numbers on government lands.



During the eighties, and the years

since, up to near the present time, the

farmers have been confronted by condi-

tions which have made it very difficult to

make any profit from raising beef cattle.

In recent years some have followed the

prevailing custom of buying young cattle

from the ranches and fattening them for

market.



Meat Products in Increased Demand.



Al the present time we are brought in

contact with a new condition. The sup-

ply of cattle from the great west is not

sufficient to meet the demands of the

consumers of our populous country. The

laborers in the workshops ure calling for

bccf meats, but the prices are so high

that there is a great cry against." the

high cost of living, especially the price

of meats. Earnest appeals have been

made that something be done to relieve

the burdensome situation. The- govern-

mcnt has been called upon and there has

been some progress made by way of in-

vestigation.



In a bulletin received recently, we no-

ticcd that a. chapter was devoted to rec-

ommendations with the idea in view of

relieving the present situation, and it





will be interesting to see what can be

done to increase the number of meat

cattle in the country in order to meet





the demands of the consumers.



It has been found that there are hun-

dreds of thousands of veal calves being

sent to market. If dairymen and farmers

could be induced to retain the heifers to

help to make it possible to increase the

number of cattle, that might furnish some

source of relief, but the high prices are

too tempting, and the cost and trouble

of raising the calves are so much, that

but few will accede to an appeal of that

kind.



In breeding and raising the beef cattle

on the farms, the expense of shipping

from the ranches to the feeding farms is

eliminated, and the profits for the breed-

ers. raisers and feeders can be increased.

The precess is simply selling through the

cattle much of the coarse 'feeds and pas-

ture grasses that are too often wasted, on

many of the farms at the present? time.



In order to make the business profit-

abloAunder existing conditions of high





bred animals of the beef breeds.





priced land and high priced feeds, a.

thrifty, early maturing class of cattle

must be selected, such as are found in

the modern improved beef breeds. In-

stead of raisingcattle that require two

to three years to reach market weights,

those that can reach the proper weight

and desirable condition between 12 and 18

months of age should be selected. The

slow-growing, late-maturing cattle are

the expensive ones that do not 1e ve any

profit to raisers and feeders, if they even

pay expenses.



The custom of raising beef cattle on

the farms where general farming is car-

ried on must be re—established in order

to meet the demands of the. increasing

number of meat consumers of our coun-

try. A few of the best farmers in every

community can nuke the lead, the others

will follow, and the custom will be es-

tablished. It will mean not only in-

creased profits to many of the farmers,

but in many ways better conditions will

prevail than if we- allow the money paid

for beef cattle to go to other countries.



“'ayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





KEEPING THE FLOCK HEALTHY.





 





 





A matter above ordinary importance to

flock owners is keeping the flock healthy

and free from disease during the winter

months. Scienlific study conclusively rc-

veals that a very large portion of the

ailments to which sheep are susceptible

during winter are directly traceable to

mismanagement in some form or other.

Sheep are naturally strong, robust. ani-

mals free from infectious diseases and

seldom attacked by parasitic ailments.



The «feeding of dusty, moldy or partic-

ularly putrid roughage to sheep is a.

fruitful source of producing disease in

the flock. It is not an uncommon prac-

tice with farmers if a few loads of hay

becomes musty from overheating in the

bay to pitch it to One side and feed it

out to either the sheep or cows. The

practice has cost many a flock owner his

entire lamb crop and in numerous in-

stances a few members of his flock.

Musty or moldy hay is caused from a.

minute fungoid growth that immediately

produces derangement of the digestive

system, not only impairing the regular

function of digestion. but poisoning the

entire digestive and circulatory systlems.

Nothing will. open the way and make

conditions more favorable for attack of

disease as a disturbed digestive organiza-

tion. To maintain the flock in a healthy

active condition the roughage supplied

must be wholesome and of high feeding

quulity.



Sanitation and Ventilation.



Unsanitary yards and stables are a

common source of producing disease in

the flock. During the Winter season there

.is always a wide variation of atmospheric

temperature. The freezing and thawing

keeps the yards in an unset‘tle-d condition

and if there are any depressions they

soon become filled with leaching from the

surface soil. Very frequently sheep will

drink from these stagnant pools, thus

paving the way of internal parasites to

enter the system. The sheep sheds and

yards should be located on slightly ele-





vated ground, affording good surface

drainage. The yards Should be made

level and gradually receding from the





sheep shed. The stable should always be

kept clean and well littered.



Drafts about the she-epfold is another

common means of causing the sheep to

take cold, which generally develops into

catarrh and impairs the usefulness of

breeding animals. A large portion of the

sheep sheds are long and narrow, with

doors at each cnd. These doors are gen-

erally left open during the day and when

the weather is fair, during the night

also. During winter there is also

more or less air in circulation. A long,

narrow building. is (like a chimney in

many respects, causing a constant cur-

rent of air to pass through the building.

Sheep, during cold weather, naturally

seek protection and while- doing so are

exposing themselves constzmtly todiarfts

The sheep barn should be so arranged if

possible so that doors can be opened on

the side opposite the prevailing winds.

At no time should doors be left open

that allows a current of air to circulate

in the barn.



The flock should not only be allowed,

but compelled, to take plenty of exercise.

Close confinement impairs physical func-

tions of the body and make the system

more readily susceptible to attack of dis-

eases. If. given spacious yards. sheep

generally will take plenty of exercise, but





'amount of straw.





DEC. 28, 1912.





it is good management to encourage tak-

ing exercise by distributing the feed

about the yard as much as possible

Where all the feeding is done indoors the

animals soon become accustomed to eat-

ing awhile and then lying down to rest

near the feed racks. Pregnant ewes es-

pecially are very much inclined to this

practice and unless compelled to take e-x-

erclse are very apt to suffer from the

lack of it. The feeding of roughage should

be done in the yard as much as possible

during unfavorable weather. If the'flock

can be allowed the run of an old meadow

when the weather is favorable and the

snow not 100 deep, it will materially en-

courage taking plenty of exercise.

Shlawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





Roots In the Ration for Horses.





Are roots, such as carrots. sugar beets,

mangles, turnips, good for horses and

young colts in quantity?



Alcona Co. L. D.





Unquestionably a, small portion of mots

in the ration for horses or colts is a hen-

eficial addition. This is true, however,

more largely because of the fact that“ the

roots add a beneficial element of succu-

lency to the ration than because of the

nutrients which they contain, thus aid-

ing in the more ready and complete di-

gestiOn of other feeds in the ration.

They are, however, not adapted to the

feeding of horses or colts in large quan-

tities, owing to the relatively small ca-

pacity of horses’ onmachs and the ne-

cessity for feeding a more concentrated

ration than is the case with ruminants.

Theoretically, 350 pounds of carrots are

equal to 100 pounds of good hay from

the standpoint of chemical analysis.

Practically, when fed in small quantities

of a few pounds once a day they have

a value greatly in excess of the nutrients

which they contain.



Value of Bean straw for Sheep.





How much had bean straw ought to be

worth for sheep or cattle feed, when

mixed hay (clover and timothy) is sell-

ing for $17 per ton, delivered?



Leelanau Co. L. 0.





All through the bean producing sections

of Michigan bean straw, or been pods, as

this feed is more commonly called, is

recognized as a very valuable 'r‘Ou'ghage

for sheep and because of its value and

adaptability to this purpose has not been

used to as great an extent for cattle

feed. Another reason for this is that it

is not a roughage as greatly relished by

cattle as by sheep. Some "farmers have

made the mistake of feeding bean pods

as an exclusive roughage, which is a.

very bad practice indeed for the breeding

{look and not an economical method of

feeding the fattening lambs. One feed

per day used with other coarse forage, as

corn stover or with mixed hay, is much

better than more liberal feeding of this

roughage, since the value of bean straw

for sheep depends upon the relative pro-

portion of pods contained in a. given bulk,

the pods being the principal portion

eaten.



The custom has grown up in some bean

producing sections of the state to base

the price paid for this forage upon the

yield of beans secured from a, given

For instance, for a

number of years the writer purchased

bean pods from growers at a price ap-

proximating 10 cents for each bushel of

bcans‘threshed from the straw. That is,

if a man had 100 bushels of beans he was

paid $10 for the pods from which the

beans were threshed. In more recent

years, with higher prices prevailing in

hayAas last year, the price advanced to

about 15 cents per unit on the same

basis. Unfortunately, there is little ex-

pcrimcntal data. up0n the comparative

value of bean fodder to other roughages

for the- reason that beans are an import-

ant crop in only a limited section of the

country, but within the price mentioned

as cempared with cheap and dear hay

they are undoubtedly an economical feed

for sheep and where both are maintained

on the farm they had better be fed to

sheep than to cattle.





Cement Floor for Horse Stall. l





Please tell me whether it would be best





,lo lay "one-inch board on a cement floor





of a box stall or would it be all right

without, if bedded heavily with straw?

I want to use the stall for mare that is

going to foal in spring.



Isabella Co. M. S.





There is no serious objection to the

use of a cement floor for horse stable or

box stall so long as same is not smoothly

floated off with trowel but is left suffl-

ciently rough so as not to be rtoo slippery.

It should also be slightly sloping uo pro.

vide for drainage and, of course, wel-l

bedded down. When properly‘construct-

ed, a. floor of this kind is better than

those covered with boards, since it is

much more. sanitary.





 





 





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DEC. 28, 1912.





Hints On Shoeing.





To preserve the hoof in a natural and

healthy condition should be a standing

rule. Originally adapted only to a grassy

surface the artificial protection afforded

by shoes becomes necessary when we

wish to put the horse to practical use

on hard, stony or frozen roads. It will,

therefore, be the part of wisdom to imi-

tate nature whenever possible. With this

end in view, always insist on having the

shoe fitted to the foot, not the foot to

the shoe. This may mean more work

for the blacksmith, but it also means

more comfort to the horse.

the sole is a pernicious

practice, and is based on error. It is

not constituted like the hard and tough

outer crust or “wall,” which grows out

indefinitely unless reduced by the shoer’s

instruments or worn off by contact with

the ground. Having attained a certain

thickness the sole maintains this normal

condition by a process of nature, where-

by it exfoliates of its own accord. If

you were able to cut through and exam-

ine the inner layers, that next to the

quick would be found yuite moist. Pro—

ceeding to the surface they gradually be-

come dryer; the outer part almost en-

tirely so, serving as a protection until it

is finally forced outward and replaced by

fresh growth within. All that it is nec—

essary to remove .would be any slight

projection beyond the lower surface of

the wall. This can be done with a rasp





 





 

   





~ THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘ m





on the shOesL but commonly the foot

should be let down as near to the ground

as possible. In nailing on use no more

nails than will hold the shoe firmly and

securely in place; generally three on the

inside and four on the outside. They

should be of the best' quality—hot forged

—and of a size to exactly fill the holes,

and the heads the crease, leaving no

projection beyond the ground surface

when finished, thus preventing the clinch

from rising when brought .in contact with

stones, and saving the ankle from injury.

By all means see that the nail holes are

near the‘ edge and quite well forward in

the toe. The hoof is thinner than many

persons are aware, hence care is required

to avoid driving the nails into the. quick.



In turning horses out to pasture for

any ,lengthy period or when kept in box

stalls or barnyards during the winter,

there is not sufficient wear to keep the

hoof down to its normal dimensions. If

not rasped down about once a month,

there will be a too rapid breaking off

of the wall. \Vhere this attention is not;

convenient it is quite a common practice

to put tips on the h-oofs. Like many

other good things it is frequently done

in an irrational manner. The usual prac-

tice, after preparing the hoof as for or-

dinary shoeing, is to put on a tip about

a quarter of an inch thick. The tee is,

therefore lengthened without any corres-

ponding lengthening of the heel, which

leads to a tilting backward of the foot

when it is placed on the ground. I’ro-

tected by the tip the toe grows while





 





 





What Good Feed wlll d0~90@100-|b.

J





applied flat. With the foregoing excep-

tion the thicker the sole the better, as

one can readily see the greater efficiency

when compared with a tlhin one. If na—

ture is forestalled by the knife, and any

great quantity of sole is removed, trou-

ble is pretty sure to follow. The deeper

parts of the sole being prematurely ex-

posed to the action of the air a gradual

process of drying takes place, causing it

to become increasingly “cupped,” and to

some extent a contraction of the hoof

as well.



Another error to be guarded against is

culting away the frog. To anyone who

makes an examination of this part its

office is apparent. In a normal hoof it

comes down to the ground, at the back,

directly under the greatest pressure, and

possessing an elasticity similar to India

rubber acts as a cushion in breaking the





concussion, that would otherwise take

place. Cut it away so that' it does not

come in contact with the ground, and





the support is gone. Moreover the frog

shrinks, harde-ns', and is incapable of

performing its function. The result, with

a thin, dried-up sole, the shrunken hoof

draws the quarter with it and you have

another case of contracted feet.



In removing the dead portion of horn

on the sole for receiving the shoe, care

should be taken to have it level. If

either the inside or the outside is left





too long it changes the direction of the 200





line of weight and subjects some portion

or portions of the extremity to.undue

strain or pressure, and consequent lia-

bility to injury. In fitting, a red-hot

shoe should not be burned into the foot.

The slightest touch is enough for the

careful smitlh to ascertain its bearing.

Good judgment in the choice of shoes is

also essential, and should be guided by

the condition of the feet, the roads, etc.

For ordinary purposes the flat shoe, when

properly applied, is likely to give satis-

faction. It gives the horse a good even

foundation to stand upon and allows the

foot to retain 'its natural shape. At some





‘ Seasons it will be necesary to have calks





 





Lambs at just over Four Months—Raised by

. M. Purdy, of Livingston County.





 





 





the heel does not.

comes intensified





As the condition be-

a great strain is put

upon the supporting structure- of the

fetlock, disturbing the normal relations

of the various parts of the forelegs. This

is what should be avoided. A good plan

is to use light tips, having them com-

pletely sunken in a groove made ill the

wall around the toe, so that their lower

surface is flush with the wall at the heel.

The advantages are obvious; the level of

the hoof is maintained, there is :1 nor-

mal pressure on the frog and heels, and

no brcaking down of the walls. In other

words, the hoof is placed in a. perfectly

natural condition.





Canada. J. HUGH MCKENNEY.





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Ben Conley, of Marshall, Mich., winner

of first premium on lambs in the Inter-

national, said that Michigan feed lots

are holding not more than half as many

lambs as were carried a year ago, and

he could see nothing in the way of a

high winter and spring market.





Col. S. W. “flight, of \Va ’nc co t

Iowa, conducts many farm3 sales milnyd

says that he never saw live stock so

scarce in that great feeding region as

now. Corn is offered freely at 350 per

bushel, and there is little stock to feed

it to. The worst feature of the cattle





shortage is that shippers are aying

around $16 per head for calves werighing

_ lbs.. and farmers are unable to re—

Slst the temptation to let them go, not-

Wlthstandlng the abundance, of feed.

Draft grading colts at $75 to $125 per

head are the only animals that are not

selling high.



The southwest reports a great shortage

of catltle with much age, most of the

holdings being young.





A short time ago a purchase was made

of 6,000 aged Texas steers bred by Gover-

nor McDonald, of New Mexico, and they

were shipped to a pasture near Pueblo,

Col. 1\ext spring they will be sent to

Kansas pastures, to receive 30 days of

\islaggcening in the corn belt later in the

e n.





The consumption of mutton in this

country during 1912 will break all rec-

ords, marketings of sheep and lambs car-

glng 1ufnusual small percentages of feed-



s u .





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





593

flgflorzwz Silo is

l a}? more {ladle/cm

z» 011 ”II/M ifs/ands





 





llllil. ‘





The West Virginia Farmer to. whom we

sold this Indiana Silo is now feeding 47 head

of cattle where he formerly fed only 17 head.

No more land under cultivation, no more

crops planted, no more feed bought,—-but

the corn goes three times as'far because

cobs, leaves and stalks all go into his am-

mals instead of into waste. Twenty-five

thousand other farmers have found that the .





[Ngifil‘A





is the biggest money maker on the farm be‘

cause it enables them to get 100% food value

out of their corn crops and to have fresh,

succulent feed all year round at less cost

than dry feed.





The Indiana Silo is a quality article from

the ground up. Only the best of $110 mate-

rials enter into its manufacture. Our tlm-

her ex erts at the mills take the. first selec-

tion. I‘l‘he highest grade steel is used ex-

clusively for making our hoops, every one

of which is capable of Withstandlng four

times the strain that ever comes upon 1t.

These are some of the reasons why Indiana.

Silos last so long without detenoratlon and

cost so little for upkeep.



Every man who buys his first silo from us buys

his second, third and fourth from us also. In fact.

he is pretty sure to buy his second silo from us, no

matter where he bought his first.



If you want to make your corn crop yield you twice

the net profit it now returns, order an Indiana Silo

today. We will make delivery when you want it.





THE INDIANA SILO COMPANY





Factories: i

Anderson. Ind. Des Moines. Ia. Kansas City, Mg.

332 Union Bldg. 382 Indiana Bldg. 382 Silo Bldg.





 





‘x IRITE today for

our catalogue and

a free copy of the

book “Silo Profits”,

which is the story of the

Indiana Silo as written by

scores of owners of In-

diana Silos. And ask us

for the name of our rep-

resentative in your 10-

cality.

Remember you don’t need





cash to buy an Indiana Silo-

‘ ‘lt buys itself. ’ ’





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





f Good Farming Requires

good ensilage for winter feeding. And good ensilage demands





THE IMPERISHABLE SILO

The ABSOLUTELY PERMANENT silo. Built of VITRIFIED CLAY hollow





blocks—fireproof. weatherproof, moisture resistant. Cannot blow down.

Easily put up by any mason. Never needs painting or repairing. No stave.

to swell or shrink—no hoops to tighten. Easy to fill and feed from. Glazed

walls keep silage sweet and palatable. Hundreds in use and every owner satisfied.





An Imperishable Silo Costs Less in the End





because there are no repair bills. The lmperishablc is Guaranteed.





Write for our thirty-two page illustrated book on

the silo. Full of valuable silo facts. Will be sent

FREE to any farmer. Send for YOUR copy TODAY.





NATIONAL FIRE PROOFINC.

COMPANY

DEPT. A HUNTINGTON. 1ND.





   

 

 





 

   

 

 

 

 





   

 





   





' _ . _. ¥ .. v. ”7 ‘ -»...~... ‘ ‘_ 5/1152943‘

’ ' 'vu ml ‘1!" "' a ' , ‘



' r , . .3“ “ill "‘1’ If d J' ' a.



--, -l '~ ,,. , gr. ,' and,



7 I 3131’ .. let- Lissa . .~



.z'fl-«r- a- ""Tmaluulv‘ rut -.; is -.- ' --



"r Til-a r 1"— <-





 





 





 





Run on Kerosene—Cut Fuel Cost in Two





Ellis Engines run on gasoline. kerosene or any fuel on without extra equipment.

more power than other engines on gasoline. Do more work and save you 50c on

dollar in fuel. Strongest, simplest engines made—only three working parts. The 12

h. 1)., two cylinder opposed engine wil do any work requiring from 14 to 15 h. p. No

vibration. Low first cost. low cost to run. easy to operate. ‘ .





E :l-GII-N'E





have patent throttle, giving three engines in one. Force-feed olIer,

automobile muffler, speed-changing governor and many other exclu-

sive features. Run either way—reversible while running. Buy di-

rect from factory and save money. We pay freight, 10-year guarantee,

30 days free trial. Write for new catalog showing 1913 Models with

special prices.





ELLIS ENGINE 00.. \IIO Mullet! 8L. Detroit. Mich.





On kerosene they give

the , ~ .





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





Cut Your Hard, Disagreeable

Barn Work in Half by using





HARRIS





Litter and Feed Carriers





Our WOOD LINED STEEL STANOHIONS

are easiest to operate and most comfortable

for the cow. PRODUCE SANITARY MILK

at. one-half the expense with HARRIS BARN

EQUIPMENT. Write at once for large

FREE catalogue. It shows you how.





HARRIS MFG. 00., IS? Harrls Ava, Salem 0.
\





rrvv





 





(G)





594





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





YVVVvvvvv—YVVVYYVVYYVVV vv





VETERINARY;





MAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALA





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else. When

reply by mail is requested. it becomes

private practice. and a fee of 81. 00 must

accompany the letter.





 





 





 





 





 





Bruise—Abscess on Brisket. ——Have an

eight— —3ear- -old Durham cow that has a.

large painful swelling on brisket. This

hunch is painful and she walks quite

stiff. She eats about as well as usual.

Lately she was placed in rigid stanch-

ions; do you believe she could have

bruised herself? W H., Rushton. Mich.

”Apply equal parts tincture iodine and

spllIlS camphor to bunch twice dail3 and

if this medicine does not scatter bunch

Open it at base and allow pus to escape;

then wash out with one part coal tar

disinfectant and 20 parts water twice a

day. It is good practice to inject t1n1 tu1e

iodine into sack a few times after ab-

scess is opened. Iodoform deposited into

sack is also good practice and when I do

this pl. 11c the medicine in a gelatine cap-

sule and leave it in; it will dissolve She

may have hurt herself in stable



Indigf'stion—«Loosencss of Bo'VVels ——\s I

have at ways had very good luck treating

my lch stock with prescriptions taken

from Vetciinai‘y columns of the Michigan

Faimer and through advice you gave me.





i would like to know how to treat my

18-year-old mare that has not thrived

since last spring. Our local Vet. looked





her over and floated her teeth, belic-vmg

that 1fter they Viei'e tiled she would do

hotter but it failed to 111111 her much.

She had a colt last spring and is in foal

at pi'1sL-.nt I am teeding her good c'lOVer

hay and for grain 11111 feeding corn _i'ye

and oats. Her coat is rough. hidc tight

to ribs. bowels too loose and generally

speaking, she is quite out of (‘OlhllthrL

1;. 1., .l.,ickson Mich -—Gch your mare

1 oz. ground gentian, 1 ()7. ground ginger,

:3 drs. salicylic acid at a dose in feed





three times a day \dd one- fourth part

dry wheat bran to the corn. rye and oat

ration—equal parts by wught is '.1 nice





way to mix this kind of feed.



11 111 1r1'cd Glands. —ll- 1Ve :1 nine-year— -old

111' .Ving niaie that (oughs and breathes

l1.111l11:1nd faster than a horse that has

hcaV'1s she- makes a noise when bieath-

ing just as if there were some obstruc-

tion in head or thro;.1t Have applied

blistei to throat glands, but it tailed to

help h11'1 19.8., Middleton Mich. —Apply

to throat glands equal pails ti111tui'e io-

dine and camphoi'ated oil every day 01'

two and give her 2 drs. potassium iodide,

1 di‘. pondered lobelia and 1 dr. giound

iiux voinica at a dose in .etd too 01 three

times a day .



Intestinal “'1'11'1ns.——-1\/I3‘ horse occasmn-

ally passes 1aigo.long white nouns and

l have given him ditfei'eut worm remedies

Without seemingl3 doing him much good





.1. .l., Muskegon, l\li1-h.-t}ive your horse

1 dr_ wormseed, 1 oz. ground gcntian. 1/2

oz. ground quassia. and 1,4“, oz. ground





three





cinchona at a dose in feed two 01'

times a day.



Clll‘i’llli' l111iigestion—Stocking rStum-

l)lllli.'.'."l find the lVIichigan Farmer 21.

\‘(El‘)’ uscful paper and am «specially in-

1111'1-stc1l in the veterinary column for it

helps a reader to ti'ea. his own live

stock. I have a four-year—old mare that

sci-111s dull and out of condition; she is





11d two quarts of ground corn and rye at

:1 111111 three times a d213'l111t she stocks

in hind legs and does not 1:13 on ilesh.

\\'h11n driven she seems to sail) her toes





and occasionally fall on knee-s. acting as

if shc \voi'e weak. Kindly tell me what

to give her and how to stop this stum—

bling. A. K.. East Jordan, Mich—Her

teeth may need a little attention. The

l11lil])0l'.’ll‘y teeth that are shedding may

1111 prcs-‘ing against chock or t1111;.:111,p1'e-

venting proper mastication of food. Give





dessertspoonful of Fowler's solu-

teaspooni'ul fluid extract of nux



a tablospoonful fluid extract gen-

tian 211111 :1 tablespoonful iluid extract of

cinchona at a dose in food three times a

day. ln1~rease her food supply and salt

her \\'1ll.



\Veakncss—Roup.—I have a brood mare

that appears to be healthy which per-

spircs following little 11xc'~ti1111. My foVV'ls

are suffering from roup and I would like

to know what can be done for them. \V.

C., l'iltsford. Mich.~——Your mare will be

benefited by grooming her well twice

daily and if her coat is unusually long

and hravy, clip her. If she is idle it will

not ho necessary. Give hex 1/, oz of

giound gentian, lé oz.1rround cinchona,

1 dr. ground nux vomita and 2 drs. of

ground fenugreek at a dose in feed two

or three times a day. If your chickens

suffer from contagious catarrhai roup or

a diptheritic roup and have had it long,

burn their





hcr a

lion. :1

V'Ullllt'il.





you had better destroy them,

bodies. thoroughly clean and disinfect

V'oui coop and buy well Chickens. By





applying boracic acid pc1oxide of hy-

drogen and feeding your chickens easily





digested nouilshing food. they will per-

haps recover; providing. it is not any

more than a cold in their head.





Weakness of Bowels—Acidity of Stom-

ach.—I have a. mare five years old that

raised a colt last summer which is inclin—

ed to have a chronic looseness of bowels.

Her appetite is very good. c'oat fairly

fresh but she is thin. I feed ground oats,

som1 ea‘ corn and one-half dozen carrots

a a feec three times a day. What can

i do to stop this looseneSs of bowels as

it is very disagreeable? Also what can

be done for COWS that are inclined to





(Continued On page 607).





We offer two young bull calves from yo

bring them both above 28 lbs. next spring.)

DcKOI. BUTTER BOY. and sisters to





BANOSTINE BELLE DcKOI.





Champion butter cow of the world.

Semi— Official Yearly Record:—





ask Write for detailed pedigrees.





 





' Wdlynmsldtslumhufihfl‘hthmnsflodufis





4-Most Woooortol cows 1111 World Has Ever Produooo‘M





sisters with records of $1.82 and23.26 (we will

ey are daughters of FRIEND HINGIIVELD





HIGH-LAWN HARTOG DeKOI.

Shblo mate of Banostlne Belle DcKol.

Semi-Mom Yearly Recorde—





Lbs. of milk - - 21. 404 4 Lbs. of milk . - - 26,502.!) Lbs of milk - - - 2|.7ilJ



Lbs. of butter fat - - 1.805 34 Lbi. of butter fat - - 998.340 Lbs. of butter fat - - 962.196

Lbs. of butter. 80% fat - 1.822.926 Lbs. of butter. 80 f fat - 1.241.925 Lbs. of butter. 80 f In - 1.133 408

Average per cont fat for your 3.” Average per cent fat for year 8.00 Average per cent fat for year 4.48





These calves were sired by PONTIAC HENGERVELD PARTHENA (51 A. R. 0. daughters.

and Henserveld DeKol‘ s best son. ) making them brothers to Agatha Pontiac world’s champion

4-year-old. We have a few more choice Bull Calves. Not. so good. but fine for the price we





LONG BEIllll FAlllI, PllEll S. KEIFIELD.





DAISY GRACE DcKOI.

World’s Champion Junior 4-yr.-old.





Soml-Ofllcisl Yearly Record:-





Prop. - AUGUSTA, Mllllllfilll.





 





DEC. 28, [1912.





—11

Improved Chesbteelrrgd "3131.2. sex.

A!» to



no sin-13' 1:11 ’31.?“w .WILSON. Okemos M1011.





’ mm b 1 bred 111-. scrvl co boars

O. I G. “.1 ‘.° ° u”, 11:: skin from State

Fair winners. Avons ale n‘Stoo Farm. Wayne, Mich.





9 ~AII noes. th and or . Wlbl‘d-

O. I- 6811.1.- “1.115330 :3 1191.111 11131.11 Attractive

prices on loans-sock H.Jump. Hunith. Mich.





o I O! s ofl superior quality. 1? choice young





shape“ mo CKEolzyflonx-oe. 11171511111535"





0. 1. c SWINE 111° 11° 1'11

Pfigs." in and. :rioat not “%n§1rige§nnfigl?gg

3! :31" 3.3111. es A.°J. 603 £14. Ill-No. lgDogfllKlolh‘





o I c Swine. both sexes. Males oweiggiins 100w to25

I lbs. Herd registered Associatioon.

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansvllle. Ingham 00.M





 





 





no skin.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





$10, 000 Backs,





this portable wood saw. Guaranteed 1 ear—money

refunded and freight paid both ways unsatisf sc-

essily earn 810 a. day wt





'rzmn & 200K

"'.1-:3: Saw





sawing all kinds of neighbors' lum-

ber. Strictly factory prices—save

. Jobber' s profits. Operates eully.

Stick sits low—saw draws it on im-

mediately machine starts. Only 810

saw to which ripping table can be

added. Write for catalogue.





mm a. 200K 60..

Box 23. Ielievme. Pa.





     

 





 





$1500 A YEAR





and upwards

am he made by taxing

our Veterinary course

at home during spare

time. Taught in simp-

lest English. Diploma

granted. Graduates as-

sisted in getting loca-

tions or positions. Cost

within reach of all.

Satisfaction guaranteed.



”In POI PARTICULARS





The London Veterinary

Correspondence School

Medan. Ontario. Canada.





 





Dr. E. H. Baldwin writes:

"I took the course for my

own benefit on the farm.

but the success I had

started me in practice and

now I am going night and

day. Your course has been

worth thousands to me.

and will be to any man.’





_ Godarliapids Speed Governor





$3.00 more butter

from each cow per year when

separator is operated by

our Governor. Ask your

dealer or write direct to

Cedar Rapids Foundry

.‘ a. Machine 00..

" ‘”‘——' M” “‘ Cedar Rapids, - Iowa





Owl Brand Cottonseed Meal





41 5% Protein guaranteed. Great. Milk and Beef

Producer. Geto ur free booklet Science of Feeding.

F. W. BRODEo nit COMPANY Memphis. Tenn.





 





 

 





 





 





—Horses. cattle. sheep. swine and

For sale poultry. nearly all breeds. Sires

exchangd. South West. Michigan Pedigreed Stock

Ass 11.. avidWoodman. 860' y. —Treas. .Paw Paw. Mich.





 





Service Bulls and Bull Calves





Slred by Johanna Corcordla champion,





whose sire's dam and dam’s dam average 34.06

lbs. butter in 7 days. average fat 4.67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me and see. and do it quick.





L. E. CONNELL,

Fayette. - - - Ohio.





FOR SALE—IIOLSTEIN Bllll. CALF





Born June 5.311% a son of the Kin of the

Pontiaos from a Amifihter of Hengerveld “De Kol.

Dam of calf. an daughter of Sadie Vale

Concordis' s Paul DeKol her dam a 20111 b.4mported cow.



ED. 8. LEWIS. Marshall, Mlch.





Purebred Registered





H OLSTE IN CATTLE





The Greatest Dairy Breed

' Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklet

Holstein-Friction. hum. Box I“. Brnttl'bboro.Vt-





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bulls from 11 to 14 mos. old. of fashionable

breeding and from dams with ofliciai milk and butter

Eocltlndslefl for sale at reasonable prices. Also 3oung



ll ca V83





MoPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.

Lillie Farmstead Jerse s





('l‘ uberoulin tested. Guaranteed free from uber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at

present. Satisfaction guaranteed.



00110 ILLIE Mich.





Nuville.

FOUR CHOICE I. ll. 0. HOLSIEII BULL CALVES





from six weeks to one year old. Price $40 to 150. ELLIS

W. O.BIN Bronkside Farm. Sunfleld. Mirth. R. F. D.





—Richest He ger ld.

figthSpeggxkicvesErs “EEIE‘oIlBand $111113? k8

'lA (MS. Ypsilanti. Mioh.. Cole Brothers. Owners.





EGISTERD Holstein Cattle—Two bull calves



Herd headed by Hengerveld in Pietertie.

Barred Pity/mouth Rock Cockerel s.



LOYD JONES. .D. 3. Oak Grove. Mich.





Hercionl Lions For Sale, Ilso Poland China Hogs.





BROS.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Jeerse Cattle For Sale.





.A. B ISTOL Fonton. Michigan.





 





—Bulls ready for service. bred for

Jerseys production. NAlso cows and heifers

Brookwater Farm. B.F. D. .Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





BliEllElIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd. consisting.“ of Troyian Erincas Blackbirds and

Pridee. only. is head a Trojan Erica.

by Black Woodlawn. sire boft. e Grand Cham ion steer .1

and bull at the International in Chicago. .1910.

A few choicely bred young bulls for sale.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.





 





AYR S H I RE -One of foremost dsllry





youngl bul Is

and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine 1] pure

bred Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Clood Stock.

HICKS GUERNSEY FARI. Saginaw. W. 3.. Mich

GUERNSEYSZES‘lgéa‘ifSé‘i’figr‘ggi{333239 “15'"

females for sale. ALLAN KELSEY. Lakeview. Mich.





 





 





 





‘OR SALE—5 registered Guernsey bull calves 7 mos.

F old grandsons of Glenwood's Main Stay. 15A It.

daughters. Geo. W. Reeves. ll. 2.Grand Rapids Mich.





BUTTER BRED JERSEYSEEEL”





CRYSTAL SPRING s'rocx FA

Michigan.





Silver Creek. Allezan County.

__ —b D

535.3% .l°'.§:.t '1'!!! ”il- fariitiii

in e ’

dWAT EKM AN. MeadowEantfi‘arlifif‘Ann Arbor. M' igllq





OR Sale.Je1-scy Bulls old enough for service. sired by a grand-

son of Imp. interest ri Prince and from cows that produce

400405001bs.l1uttcr annually. A. Newman Bl. Mnrlctte. Mich.





Scolcllw Shworihorn Bulls and llaiiors For Sale.





NAPP. Howell. Michigan





llairy Brod Shodhorns‘fimi‘iPOO‘i‘E’ 111.111.130.11...





id . 1

Cash or good note .HUM MEL. aLil’ss111nlelRi‘cI;.





~Large Catt] H M .

llairy Slifll‘lllIlmS Milk Records—rough edl‘hfiii.

all sold. Prices ri ht. A square deal t0' all.



W. W. K APP. B. No. 4Watervliet. Mich.





“BREED UP YOUR SHEEP”‘A§‘.‘.‘1’.‘." ”233515.553





I. h h V V

PARSONS, RTN%‘51°1‘3¥8‘1‘.‘1‘1‘1“1§25.1§.32 ici‘i‘fin.





 





I

10 Registered Guernseya

(‘ows in milk. Bulls and bull calves. Write today

for sale list. G. A. WIGEN’I‘V Watervliet. Michigan





EG. GUERNSEY BULL CALVES-large improved

I Yorkshire hogs sows bred of the best breeding

Price cheap. JOHN EBELS. 10.110111111111 Mich





llA'I‘CII HERO IlOlSTElNS'iCil’S ‘31:?" 132%?





enable prices. H_ATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





 





OLSTEIN Bull Calf—ll mo. old. Dam and Grand-dam has

IL 0. records of 18.74 lbs. and 24.98 lbs. butter in 'I





A.

days. Will sell for $60. B B. REAVEY. Akron. Michigan.





H o LSTEINS~Mwhine on I1|%0 speed now.



I am selling :1 bull calves

for $75 delivered. and can rove it tthwi _ igrees

and photos. HOBART W. AY. Mason?1 ichigan.





Holstein-Friosian Cattle—ngkfnfogg?‘

GREGORY a BORDER. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





OLSTEIN Bull ready for service. Also bull calves.

H Sired by 30- lb. bull. A.R.O. dams. Duroc Jersey

boars of best. breeding. E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.





Bigolow’s Holstein Farms





Broodsville, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high ofiicial

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





Holsteln Bull ‘x’i‘é’kmi‘s‘l' 11313211 “5

3rd. Siredb by best can l'BPontl-c





 





 





 





Price only $60.





 





utter Bo

0.1). WOODBUBY. Lansing. MI leg.





OXFORD RAMS sired by and ewes sired by and bred

to 1111 rtod Rams for sae.l



F. MILLER or GEORG L. SPILLANE. Flint Mich.



0x F0 R D for sale. at. reasonable



prices; twentv- five two.



ear- -old OXFORD rams; four two- our old SHHOP





RE 1'::ims and five yearling hropshire rams-

PARKBURST BROS.. Reed City. Michigan.





Northern Grown Shropshire Sheeps and mnf’ki‘é‘fl





ling and two- “year -old rams. two boars 5old enough for

service. one of the best. Jersey bulls' in Mich. 3 yr. old.

Blue Bells Golden Lad861- 51. Will be sold cheap if

taken at. once. D. C. Magahay. R L Harrisville. Mich.





llHog. llamobuillei Sheep. Pure Brod Poland China

HUGS and PERC HERON HORSES. 2560 miles

E. Moi-rice. onG.T .th .and M. .117 GA 0.11





 





 





 





 





THE chance of your life time to star! a flock of Reg. Bam-

bonillets. 24 Breeding ewes and 10 Elegant Ewes lambs. bred

right. Must sell. in B. Baldwin. R. R. No.4 Hastings. Michigan.





SH ROPSHIRES FOR SALE





two- eyear. yearling and ram lambs;

50 ChOiceZO ariing ewes from imported sires.





F.R. OTTAWAY. Flushing. Mich.

"008.

BERKSHIRE BOARS





May and J 11110 furrow. lame size. heav bone $18 and

3‘!) each. GEO. E..LAPHAM St. Jo ns. Michigan.





BERKSHIRE C“.°‘°° ”‘.1‘1‘1‘1‘511 ”£3311.”1‘1‘.me“”§1





stock. ELMHUBB lISTOOK FARM. Almont Mich.





Quick Motoring Iorlshirss‘ml’mgm 110111th

or money tofu ed. 0.8.BABTLET1‘. PontiaaMioh,





O I. c.—’1WVO BOABS lit to head any

6. J. THOMPSON. Bookafldow toship.





 





 





 





 





 





0 I (:98 --Falcl kplgs.eitshersex. from prize winning

Also 2 May boars left. Call or



write. Rolling"0 Vciew Stock Farm. Cass City. Mich.

ofb September and 00-





0. In C. Pigsto ber furrow forM sale

cheap. JOHN BEBNEB 111 SON. Grand Led¢e.M



' —-Both sexes and bred iltn also

8’ ° ch03“, “I“: serviceable registerednfiolstein

bul s Bargains. RAY PARIIAM.. Bronson. Mich





 





 





 





o l C’s—A fine lot of last spring stock for sale.big



0 growthy type either sex 0iiilrs not akin.

Sired by Grand Champion boar Scott. Half mile

west of depot. OTTO B sonszn. Nashville. Mich.





 





o

saw WEIGHED 932 LBS.





23 MONTHS OLD

“ lONIA GIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to sue-

oess than on man living. I havethelargest and flu-

est herd in t U..B Every one an early developer,

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

glue one has in each community to advertise my



rderte for my plan. ”How to Make Money from

Ross." C. 8. "mammmio Perils-I. Ilo'h.





 





 





 





opacc-gggogs—griifim amiss

‘Brooakgiggter Farm. R. F. .No. 7. fnérrlb‘gzhflg:





LARGE 11111: notions-53.1.2113 13:33.13? 1:12.11

open fall ilts of the right sort. Let me tell you

about tsuyi you ma be in need of or call at

MAPLE GRO E FAR. . Stockbridge. Michigan.





 





 





I HAVE some extra food UROC males for sale.



Prices right. last fa l andD spring furrow. Breeding



and quality my standard Bred sow sale this winter.

H. G. KESBLER, Cassopolis. Michigan.





 





—-for sale: Z) fine service boars of fancy

Duroc IBM” breeding and individual quality.

John McNiooll. North Star. Mich.





ooooc JERSEYS—6 SPRING BOAR: FOR SALE.





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





Duroc Jerseys for Sale‘fi,2’£,%.§:‘fiofi.°12fl

Friesian bull Gcalvf dro ed Set Write or come

and see. 8.6 was 180.4.





Prices reasonable.





 





 





 





DU ROG G I LTS’Sflxmmmst‘éré’ifi?





KOPE-KON FARM. Kinder-hook. Michigan.





 





SWINE. S ring and summer 1 for

Bum Jorsyv 1.1.. 1...... " 1 .........1:.;.:t' 25

yearsexperience. J H. BANGHART. Lansing. Mich





Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas.





We d In 't. claim to own all the goodd he s in the U.

8.. but. we do claim to have bred and Rod more big

type Ponds in the last ten years than any two other

breeders Mlchi an. If you wanta ood fall boar

write BUTLER. Portlan. Michigan.





POLAND DCIIINAS'EiEE’gmoofi 71‘1‘ :‘i’Sw 82$:

ONG. R. No.8. Grand Rapids. ich.





Bi Bone PROLIFIC POLAND CHINA BOA BS ready

g I for business unlit high rices right.

“'rite today. Maplewood took arm. Allegan. Mich.





POLAND CHINAS— Both Western and Home



Prices right. W. J. HAG'EESHPXWflAsegfistgfl filial:

S



POLAND OlllllIS Efflfiofl‘i‘é‘nfilfi‘ildtgénET‘VPCé’é





right. L. W. BARNES & SON. Byron. Michigan.





LARGE styled Poland China sprin and fall pigs

from strong. healthy. Effmlific bre ers. either sex

at. low pr1ces.lNEVE.Pie1-son. Mich





11. c. BOARS Alvo sows—111.113.. .1...





8.1181

A. A. WOOD 1k SON. Saline.y Mlclglgaiim.





Po Co “OAKS—lat”) e at’;efi‘s”fid Fbysggggbflgsion





atis



faction guaranteed. R. V\ MI LLS. Saline. Mich.

ARGF’IYHEP. O. HUGS—Largest. 1n Mich. Boar's

all sold. A few fall pigs. Also some extra larg1

spring gilts to be bred to two of the best. young

boars I could buy in Iowa. Come or write. Free

livery W. E. LIVINGSTON. Parma, Michigan.





MULE FOOT HOGS‘b F ‘” d”;§%.°°$§°§.‘i§‘"n‘§s‘i





quality. price right. G. are KREGLOW. Ada. Ohio.





OHOLEBA PROOF H068





I keep from 4000 to 6000 grade Yorkshire. Poland

China and Tamworth cholera immune hogs and am

selling prolific b sows and thin shouts at nose

that. make them desirable on cholera infected arms.

Will furnish open sows or those bred to cholera

immune boars. I expect to have several thousand

pigs for sale next Spring from immune stock.





ILVIH BROWNS PIG FIRM, Grand Rapids, Mich.

LARGE YORKSHIRE SWINE—{$‘6‘m'éfil13kgféd $1.“





(3.60 S. McMullen. Citz. Phone. Grand Ledge. Mich.





LARGEktn Yorkshires—Cho ice breeding stock. all ages.

not ak from State FaiiI-i prise- -wlnners. P i

grees furnished. W.-.0 COOK.R .42. Box RAda. Mic





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRES.





lendid late Mn. fallY pigs at reduced rices. air.

an triosnot Yomngsows andgl b for

April faibrow. Your money aok if you are not satisfied



LON C. LILLIB. Cocpersvflle. Mich





When writing advertisers





please





 





mention The Michigan Farmer.





breeding»,





4.Monroe. Mich.





«l
4i 1





 





 





'DEC. 28, 1912.





n





 





- PRACTICAL SCIENCE. .





 





 





 





 





PHYSIOLOélCAL ROLE OF ACIDS

AND ‘BASES [N NUTRITION.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

The Acid Elements.



life will appreciate that in all food-

stuffs and living tissues as well there

are inorganic or mineral elements in or—

ganic combination. These mineral ele-

ments upon oxidation in the body, dur-

ing the normal processes of digestion and

absorption yield, or become converted

into the inorganic acids. For example_

sulphur, which is a normal constituent of

food products, especially of the protein

in food products, upon oxidation in the

body, becomes converted into sulphuric

acid.

constituent of foods, upon oxidation,

through the process of digestion and ab-

sorption, becomes converted into hydro—

chloric acid and phosphorus- into phos-

phoric acid.



A The Basic Elements.



In a more or less direct relationship to

these varibus acid-forming elements, such

as we have just mentioned, we have

what we call the basic elements in ani—

mal nutrition, such as Sodium, potas-

sium, calcium, magnesium, etc. Iron oc-

cupies a sort of intermediate stage be-

tween the acid-forming elements and the

basic-forming elements. In other words,

its exact reaction depends largely on the

combination in which it exists.



The Provision for Emergency.



The animal body is provided for cer-

tain emergencies in nutrition. The over-

consumption of those food materials

which produce an excess of acid elements

is to a moderate degree balanced by the

power of the body to supply an excess

of basic elements to neutralize them. In

fact, an examination of the various fluids

which take part in the digestive process

of the body indicates. at once that nature

has viewed with some alarm the possi—

bility of the taking into the system of an

excess of acid-forming elements, and con-

sequently the body is provided with a.

more than ordinary amount of basic ele-

ments to take part in their neutraliza-

tion.



The Gastric Juice is the Trap for

Alkalies.



There is very little provision in the

body for the neturalizaltion of basic ele-

ments. Almosti, we may say, the only

direct provision is through the acidity of

the digestive juices of the body when

the [food material is first introduced. It

is well known that the acidity of the

gastric juice of the stomach is quite

pronounced and is ample, without doubt,

to provide for the neturalization of any





:ordinary amount of basic or alkaline ele-





ments which may be introduced into the

body, in the food. Again, it is not likely

that 'exeept in case of accidental poison-

ing any large excess of~basic elements

will be taken into the system. There are

no food materials in which there is an

especial] overbalance of such alkalies as

soda and potaSSium, and nature has made

provision by establishing a. storehouse in

the framework of the body for any ordi-

nary surplus of such a basis element as

calcium.



Protection Against Acid is Nature’s Chief



Aim.



It is very evident therefore, that the

chief concern in nutrition is to prevent

an oveirbalancing of the acid elements.



Sulphur Becomes Sulphuric Acid.



Sulphur is introduced in food almost

entirely in combination in the protein

material. It will be remembered that

sulphur is one of the constituent ele-

ments of protein, or albumin. This sul—

phur passes on through the absorptive

channels of the body and finally becomes

eliminated in the urine as sulphuric acid

Of course, it is not eliminated as free

sulphuric acid but nature must piepare

for the neturalization of this acid during

its progress through the absorptive chan-

nels of the body. Sulphur is very nearly

as accurate an index of the amount of

protein consumed in the food as is nitro-

gen. In fact, some investigatlors have

attempted to check the balance of the in-

come and outgo of food materiall in the

body by getting the sulphur balance as

well as the nitrogen balance in both the

food and the urine. Sulphur is used in

the body in the repairing of the protein

waste material and consequently as a

constituent part of all or practically all

proteid increase in the body.



Phosphorus Becomes Phosphoric Acid.



Somewhat an‘al-agous to the condition in

which sulphur enters the body is the ap-

pearance of phosphorus. Phosphorus en-





. ~





Chlorine, which is another normal,





ters probably in a greater variety of ways

and channels than does. sulphur, but: we

know it is a constituent part of the

makeup of certain nucleo proteids. The

yolk of eggs and the nuclein of the grain

proteins contain notable quantities of

phosphorus. . This phosphorus must be

excreted in the urine as phosphoric acid,

and, being an acid-forming element,

therefore‘calls again upon the reserve

supply of the body for the bases or al-

kalies for its neutralization.



Chlorine Becames Hydrochloric Acid.



The element chlorine. at least to a

great extent, enters the body as inor-

ganic combination. Its introduction

('OmeS most largely through its associa-

tion with sodium in common salt, or per-

haps at times with potassium as a mu-

riate of potash. It does not on this ac-

count as a rule, unbalance the equili-

brium in the body because» it, carries its

own content of basic, or ailkaline content

with it for its subsequent neutralization.

Chlorine, as we know, takes place pri-

marily in the regulation of the digestive

juices and in changing int‘o hydrochloric

acid in the stomach it must, of course,

giVe up its basic element which may

then take part in the neturalization of

some other acid element, but before the

elimination of the hydrochloric acid, it

must again remove from the body the

same amount of base that it originally

gave up when entering the body. Hence

it again becomes sodium chloride.



Alkaline Elements Enter the Body as



Inorganic Salts.



Practically all of the mineral bases, or

the. alkaline elements enter the body as

salts of inorganic acids. It is 'true, as

we have detailed heretofore, that there

are undoubtedly certain organic combi-

nations of these basic elements, particu-

larlly dime, but the greater percentage of

all of these elements enter the body in

inorganic combination. These combina—

tions are with the acid elements, such as

phosphorus, sulphuric, hydrochloric, and

in great quantities, carbonic acid. The

key to the condition in which these ele-

ments enter the body is best shown by a

study of the reaction of the ash. In

the case of fruits and cereals—vegetable

products—the ash is very nearly always

alkaline usually, in this form, an alkali

united with carbonic, acid. In the case

of meat products—that is, those contain—

ing sulphur and pliosphoruswthe ash is

acid. Conscqcntly, as a general state—

ment we may consider the fleshy foods

contribute -to an excess of acid elements

in the body whereas the veegtable pro—

ducts do not require anything extra on

the part of the body for the neutraliza-

tion of their mineral nutrients.





LABOR-ATORY REPORT.





Are soft and hard coal ashes of enough

value when applied to the land to make

it profitable to gather them up in town

and haul them one-half mile to farm?



St. Joseph Co. I). N. D.





Wood ashes have a considerable value

for fertilizing purposes as is well known.

This is due to the fact that they contain

on an average about five per cent of pot-

ash in the form of K20. This potash is

freely soluble in water, being a carbo—

nate of potash, as it exists in the ash,

and has been used very successfully whe

applied to ground being fitted for such a

crop as potatoes, or in a. fruit orchard,

or on sugar beetsmin other words, such

crops as draw heavily on the pot'ash

content of the soil. Another reason why

wood ashes are valuable is because of

their content of lime which makes their

application to heavy soils desirable.



Coal is considered to be a product of



vegetable life and we should naturally

expect, therefore, that its ash content:

would contain considerable quantities of

potash. As a matter of fact, however.

the excessive“ heat which is maintained

during the combustion of coal volatilizes

practically all potash which may be, pres-

ent and therefore h-ard coal ashes as well

as soft coal ashes are almost entirely

free from salts of potash. From this

standpoint, therefore, coal ash—either

hard or soft—has practically no value for

fertilizing purposes. As far as the lime

content is concerned, however, coal

ashes are somewhat advantageous and

may be applied with advantage to some

heavy soils.

' In direct answer to the question we

Shall my that unless the soil in question

is very heavy the farmer will find it a

very uneconomical procedure to get ashes

which he has to haul as far as one-half

mile.





“W'hby Vimmt Advma.





Prosperity





the American people have been

enabled to become so well acquainted





There has been abumper crop.





This is because the tillers of the

soil have been‘industrious, and the

rain and the sun have favored their

plantings. '





There has been industrial activity.





The makers of things in factories

have been busy. They have had

work to do and pay for doing it.





There has been commercial

success.





The people who buy and sell and

fetch and carry have been doing a lot

of business and they have been paid

for doing it.





The country is prosperous because

all the people have been busy.





Good crops and good times can be

enjoyed only when the Government

maintains peace and harmony.





This task of the Government is

made comparatively easy because





 





with each other. They know and

understand one another. They are

like one family.





The producer and consumer, no

matter where they live, are close

together.





This is largely due to our wonder-

ful facilities for intercommunication.

We excel in our railways, our mails

and our telegraphs, and, most of all,

in our telephones.





The Bell System has fourteen mil-





lion miles of wire spread over all





parts of the country. Each day there

are twenty-five million tele hone

talks all the way from twenty eet to

two thousand miles long.





The raiser of crops the maker ol

thin s, and the man oi commerce, all

are elped to co-operate and work

together for peace and prosperity by

means of the Universal telephone.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

" AND Asaopletap. QQMEANIES





One Policy





One System





Universal Service





 





 

 





 

 

 





   

 





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. '91.





mammal





 





   





Wins Kellogg Corn Trophy

with Jarecki-Fertilized Corn





Read what one man did with our fertilizer:





The Jarocki Chemical 00., Cincinnati, 0.

Gentlemen:—



I am enclosing herewith photos of Grand Champion

ear of corn and of the Kellogg Trophy, won by the some

at the National Corn Exposition hold at Omaha, Neb. O



This car of co 1) won First in State First in Zone, and

First; in Grand weepstakes for the ’United States and

was said to be the finest ear of corn that was ever ea:-

hibitcd.



You will be interested to know that this our was from

a crop growu with .Iarecki Brand Fertilizer on an 18 acre

field of various soils, both black loam and clay, which

made 95 bushels per there, all of the show and seed corn

quality and t po. Another field without fertilization

made onlf 60 ushels per acre Wishing you success,





Increase your yield of corn.

of “Six mighty good Reasons why YOU should use

J ARECKI Brand Fertilizers." Free for the asking.





Tan Junwxr Gunmen. 00., Sondusky and Clncinnsti,0.

Aunts wanted everywhere.





 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





am, Yours very truly,

FRED. C. PALIN. Newton, Ind.





Write for copy





Write for proposition.





 





 





What Do You Consider'a Good Investment?





cases but frequently farmers who own





soil much produce or stock.





Eight per cent would be called good returns.

your own scale and doing your own weighing will easily make 100% returns? Not in rare





Fairbanks Scales





find the scales pay for themselvesin a single season. lax

They will yieldjust as good returns for you if you "





Until you have your own scale you must always 5.

wonder ifyou got full weight for what you sold or





Do you realize that owning





 

 

 





1‘3





 





paid too much for what you bought; whether your

stock is gaining properly, etc. ‘-

Buying Fairbanks Scales is in the highest

sense an investment because you only buy, _ -

once. Scales installed over 60 years are .

'otlll in service and weighing correctly. Writ





 

 

 





 

 





 





I," . » r ”W





Scales for all-{arm purposes are described in ataloz “0.511601 e for a copy.





Eairbanks. Morse & Co. Chicago betroit





flll Ild Gasoline Engines. Pumps. Water Systems. Electric light Plants. Mills. Feed Orinlen
I





Soil lmprolyeinent Talks;





DR. CHAS. E. THORNE.

DIRECTOR OF THE OHIO EX-

PERIMENT STATION has. made

actual farm tests for 18 years on a

rotation of corn. oats. wheat and

hay (circular No. 120.) He found

that the liberal application of suit-

able. complete fertilizers. at an

average cost for fertilizer of $ 1 9.78

per acre per rotation, gave an av-

erage gross return of $32.84 per

acre per rotation. or an average

net profit of $13.06 per acre per

rotation. . This is an average profit

of over 66% on the money spent

for fertilizers.





For full information how such

results are being obtained by others.

mail coupon below today.





SOIL IMPROVEMENT Wrestle.





CHICAGO, - lLLiNOIS

CUT OUT AND MAIL





Send me without Cost or obligation your Special Crop Bulletins.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





MIDDLE

WEST





   





 





 





   

 





Name





 





 





 





 





; You Want a KEROSENE

Not a GASOLINE Engine





Gasoline Is 3 Times Too costly





In buang your farm engine, remember this: gasoline ha.

become rrlbly expensive. and you can't use anythin in a



asollue engine BUT gasoline. In six months. the price 0 gaso-

fine has nearly doublcd. Still goingrup and u . You would not buy

a horse that. would cut ONLY 0A S-WHY‘: then, buy an engine ,

that uses ONLY ONE FUEL?





World's Supply of Gasoline Running Sho





Automobile users are fast exhausting the world's supply of

gasoline. Hence the enormous and constantly increasin

price. The 1.200.000 nutoists in 1913 will use up almost HA

A BILLION GALLONS OF GASOLINE. Think how that

will further push up the price!





Kerosene—the Perfect Fuel





Kerosene is cheap—costs but two-fifths as much as

gasoline—11nd the rice remains about the sumo—yet two

pints of kcroscne urnish the sumo power as three pints

of gasoline. That’s 60 per cent more power and 6‘.) per

cent less price. Kerosene isn't dangerous-no need of

an insurance grunt. It won’t explode—It won't evapo‘ --'

rate, either. or. so with gasoline.





AMAZING DETROIT





Price. now $29.50 and up, stripped. The“DETROIT"is

the only engine that handles coal oil successfully; uses

alcohol, gmlinennd benzine, too. Starts without cranking.

Basic patent—only three moving parts—rue cams—no sprock-

ets—no gears—no valves—the utmost in simplicity. power and

strength. Mounted on skids. All aim, 2 to 20 h. p.. in stock to find out. If you are firstin your neighborhood to write.

ready to ship. Engine toned just before cratiug- Comes all we'll allow you Special Elfin-Low Introductory Price.





DHROIT ENGINE WORKS, 13 Bellevue Avenue, DETROIT, MICH-

t





   

   

   

   





   

   

   

 

 

   

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





15 Days’

Free Trial





Pumps. laws. threshel, churns. separates





   





ready to run,

milk. grinds teed. shells corn, runs home electric-light

plant. Sent any place on 15 days’ free trial. Don't buy on

engine till you investigate amazing, money-saving, power-

saving “DETROIT." Thousands in use. Costs only postal





   

   





 





Are Thoroughly Hard Burnt





, ', Made of best Clays. sold in

DRA'N TlLE 5, 1 car-load lots. Also manufactur-

i, / ers of Hollow Tile Silos. Build—

r. , ingBlockssnd Sewer Pipe. Write





AGRICULTURE





OUR TILE

LASTS FOREVER 3 ~ ‘ for catalogue and prices.

NATIONAL FIREPROOFING COMPANY, Fulton Bldg., PITTSBURGH, PENNA.





 





 





 





I ' ured

P Largest Profits iiiyseimm

livestock which is healthy and vigorous R

PRATTS ANIMAL REGULATOR

A puts stock in profit-paying shape. “Your

money back if it fails." 15c, 50c. $1: 25-“: Pall.

C R E l M $3.50. Pratts Profit-sharlng Bookletand 1913





Almanac FREE. At all dealers, or T

S



The best of all

dairy investments

Saves $10. to $15.

per COW every year





The ”9 tantrums-





PRATT FOOD COMPANY

Chicago





 





8 Philadelphia





lf‘disé’i’st ROSS SlLO





We use Guaranteed Long Leaf Yel-

low Pine that will last longer than

any other wood. except cypress. The

highest possible grade of Oregon Fir

is used.



The Ross Silo has features that

are exclusive, and absolutely neces-

sary to make a good silo.





: FULLY GUARANTEED

to be as represented. Our 83 yours (a!

manufacturing ox poi-lance is valuable to you.

FREE catalog explains all. Write 101' it to-

day. Agents Wanted. .





Ills E. W. Rm Caulk: 14 Sui-dew).





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.





 





 





 





 





New York





 





 





e





THE ‘ MICHIGAN 'FARMER; ‘





 





 





E‘ THE-DAIRY





“AA—“MW

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





 





THE BALANCED VS. UNBALANCED

' RATION.



Very many people have been skeptical

ab0ut the practicability of a balanced

nation. I have heard good hard-headed

farmers say that they didn‘t believe there

was much in it, and a great many of

them are skeptical about it because they

cannot see that a right proportion of

protein and carbohydrates would make

any particular difference. A very in~

teresting experiment and a very instruc-

tive one, too, has been just lately‘com-

pletcd at the Illinois Experiment Station

under the direction of Prof. Frazer, and

it simply sets all doubt about the prac-

ticability of a balanced ration aside. It

is practical.



Two lots of cows were selected from

a herd of 20 which had been fed the same

ration for a long time beforehand. They

were divided into two lots as near alike

as possible. One lot was fed a balanced

ration, the other lot was fed an unbal-

anced ration. The balanced ration had

a nutritive ratio of one to six, the un-

balanced ration of one to 11. The bal-

anced ration consisted of 30 lbs. of silage,

8 lbs. of clover hay, 4 lbs. of gluten feed,

and 31/3 lbs. of ground corn. The unbal-

anced ration was composed of 30 lbs. of

corn Silage, 5 lbs. of timothy hay, 3 lbs.

of clover hay, and 8 lbs. of ground corn.

The cows stood in the same Stable and in

each case received all the food they would

cut up clean, were cared for exactly

alike. The test ran 18 weeks and five

days. In that time lot No. 2 gave 12,—

5532 lbs. less milk than lot No. 1, and

3:70.56 lbs. less butter-fat. The cows in

lot No. 2 were much thinner in flesh than

the cows in lot No. 1 at the end of the

test, they being practically equal in this

respect at the beginning of the experi-

ment. Lot No. 1 consumed 7,120 lbs.

more feed than lot No. 2. By exchanging

some timothy hay and- corn for gluten

feed and more clover hay 61/2 cows were

made to do the work of nine and at prac-

tically no more cost for feed.



The quality of the ration also affects

the physical condition of the animal,

and the physical condition vitally affects

consumption and production. The cows

on the poor ration 10st greatly in flesh

during the test and their subsequent pro-

duction was reduced.



The lot fed a balanced ration produced

approximately one-third more than the

other lot that did not receive a balanced

ration. Six and a half cows on a ration

with a nutritive ratio of one to six, pro-

duced {is much as nine cows on a ration

with a nutritive ratio of one to 11.



Because of the lack of protein in the

ration fed lot No. 2 the other nutrients

were not used to the best advantage.

This shows in a striking manner that an

excess of the carbohydrates cannot be

made to take the place of a deficiency of

protein. I consider this a most valuable

experiment.





 





RAISE THE HEIFER CALVES.



There are altogether too many heifer

calves being sold as veal calves. Es-

peoially is this true of some, of the best

grade dairy herds. It may he a means

of getting a. quick dollar, and we will

admit that veal brings a good price, but

in the end there is more money made in

raising these heifer calves to cows. Not

only that. but eventually it is going to

be disastrous to the dairy business and

even to the live stock business. There

are too few cattle now for the needs: of

the people. We are not producing butter

enough, nor beef enough. There isn't

anywhere near enough butter to go

around to the people, and people are

compelled to eat oleo as a substitute for

butter simply because L’i'lere is not enough

being produced. And there never will be

enough if this practice of vealing heifer

calves, just becausie they will bring in a.

few quick dollars, is persisted in. Of

course, a good veal calf when it is five

or six weeks old, ifvi-t has been properly

fed, will bring at present prices around

$10 or more, but it has cost quite a

quantity of rich new milk, the butter-fat

of which is worth 30 cents a pound. On

the other hand, if this calf had been put





on skim-milk when it was two weeks old .





and fed skim-milk and flaxseed gruel,

encouraged to eat hay and other rough-

age with a little grain, and reared in

this way, the calf can be reared until it

is two years old, for around $25. I don’t





 





think it: need cost to exceed this amount.





DEC. 28, 1912.





It doesn’t cost very much in labor to

take care of a. bunch of heifers. They

only need to be fed regularly and syste-

matically and then with the waste land

on the farm utilized as pasture they are

practically no bother in the summer time.

and they will consume a considerable

amount of coarse: roughage during the

winter which could not be utilized in any

other way; cornstalks and corn silage,

bean straw, good (oat straw, and espe-

cially cat and pea straw, and also clover

straw after the seed has been hulled.

For one or two feeds a day these cheap

foods can be utilized in rearing heifers

until they are two years old. By which

practice we can ge’d something out of

this roughage that otherwise would prac-

tically be a loss. Of course, we would

have the manurial value of this if it was

hauled and put upon the land, but the

manurial value is allmost as much after

the cattle have consumed it if we put the

resultant manure back upon the land.



Now suppose it costs $25 to raise a.

heifer until she is two years old. In the

meantime, she has been bred to drop her





calf when she is practically two years,





old. She is worth at that time, how-

much’.’ Of course, if she is to be used

for dairy purposes it will depend very





much upon the kind of heifer she is, but

a heifer out of a good common cow from

a dairy sire- when she is ready to drop

her first calf, if she is well developed, is

worth $50. You can’t buy them for any

less, and she is worth more if she is

better bred. It all depends upon the

likelihood of her making a fair, 3, good,

or an extra good milch cow. Now you

clzrn‘t make me believe butJ what good

two-year-old heifers just before "they

freshen that are worth from $50 to $100

each and cost around $25 each, are bet-

ter money than veal calves that sell all

$10 when six to cight weeks old. Be-

sides, rearing these calves makes farm-

ing more of .1 business. It gives the

farmer and his help more to do in the

winter time when they can be earning

something, while otherwise their time

would be wasted.



The vealing of all, or nearly all, the

calves of some of the best grade dairy

herds in the state, not only in this state

but in other states, is a serious proposi-

‘tion. It continually keeps cutting down

the shortage of cattle as a total, and the

result will be higher and higher dairy

prices, higher

and eventually these products will be so

high that the common man can not af-

ford them upon his table. I am sure that:

much of this vealing of heifer calves

from the good dairy herds of the coun-

try is largely with a mistaken idea, that

they are making more money by vealing

the calf than they could to raise it, and

I am sure this is a bad mistake. How

could you make better and cleaner mon-

ey than to rent a heifer calf until she is

two years old, charge her with every bit

of food she consumed, pant of this food

being unmarketable, and from which we

could realize nothing at all if we didn’t

have the young stock to feed it to, and

yet with this added as a part of the ra-

tion, we can raise this heifer until she

is two years old for at least $25, and

some would raise them much cheaper

than this. It would depend, of course.

somewhat upon what was charged for

this forage, but if we charge- a good

round price for this forage we could still

produce her for the $25 and sell her for

$50, or $75, or more, if she is a good

likely heifer and has been well taken care

of. I believe there is more money in

this than there is to feed a, calf the new

milk until it is eight weeks old and get

from $10 to $12 for the calf us a veal.



COMMON COWS VS. PURE-BREDS.



Very often we hear the remark that

common cows make just as good returns

for the feed fed them as pure—bred cows

do, but this remark is usually made by

:1. man who hasn’t the facts to show.

Somebody who thinks that pure—bred an-

imals are too high-priced, that they

ought to sell just as cheap as any kind

of a cow, will make this argument, but

it is not a fact. I know from actual ex-

perience that on the average pure-bred

dairy cows are much superior to the av-

erage of the common or scrub cows of

the country. I’ll

Very often I oversell in my pure-breds,

because someone offers me a flattering

price for a. bunch of females, and then

to fill up the barn and make the usual

amount of business I go out and pur-

chase common or scrub cows. Some of





'these are good grade COWS, and some of





them are scrubs, or cows of no particu—

lar breeding. You have to take what you

can get. Now on the average, they are





a. mighty poor lot. They don’t come any-





and .higher beef prices,,





tell you how I know. -
DEC. 28, 1912.





where near equaling my pure-breds as

money makers in the dairy.



It is generally supposed, and in a.

measureI think true, that a herd of cows

that has been given a poorly balanced

ration and been allowed to hustle for

themselves will, when put into a good

dairy barn and are fed all they will

eat of a good ration, generally respond

more than cows that have been brought

up to have all they want to eat every

day in the year. I have heard dairymen

argue that, and I think there is a little

in it, because this stimulant of etxra fee-d

over and above what they ever had,

where they didn’t get all they needed,

does seem to spur them up or make them

produce more than they have heretofore.

But taking that into consideration, too,

and then when a man goes out and buys

a bunch of cows, even all in one herd,

or where he picks up one here and an-

other there, and brings them home and

puts them by the side of 'thoroughbreds,

on the average, they do not compare and

tlhey are not in the same class. I will

admit, of course, that there is now and

then a common cow that does well, she

gives a good account of herself at the

pail, and there is now and then a thor-

oughbred that. doesn't 'do anywhere near

what she ought to. We must expect this

in all cases because breeding is not an

exact science, and we will haVe poor

ones now and then, and a pure—bred herd

must be kept wecded out just as well as

a common herd. But giving credit for

all these, laying aside all this talk, yet

on the average the pure-bred dairy ani-

mal of any breed of dairy cows is far

superior to the common bred, or scrub

cows.



XVith the case of good grades it is dif-

ferent. If you take a herd of common

cows and mate them to a pure-bred dairy

sire of any pronounced dairy breed, save

the heifer calves and breed them to an-

other sire of equally good quality, in a

few generations you have got some dairy

cattle that are nearly or quite as good as

pure-brads with the exception of when

you want to breed. These cattle, while

they take largely of the characteristics

of the sire and of his breeding, would

not be the kind of stock from which

careful men would choose to select a

bull, for instance. Nearly all of their

blood, if they are good high grades, are-

of the sire used. The offspring have his

characteristics and quality as dairy ani-

mals. They will give profitable returns

at the pail, far greater than you could get

of cows of misccllaneous breeding with

no blood of any particular breed pre-

dominating, yct we wouldn’t. want to

save a sire from one of these cows, be-

cause we want the sire as intensely dairy

bred as we can get, and we can gct this

in the purc-brcd animal better than we

can with the high grade. The great law

of breeding is that “like produces like.”

Now there are more scrub ancestors in

agrade animal than there are in a pure-

bred, and consequently you are liable to

get poorer results in breeding. I will

admit that once in a while a high grade





‘animal will give excellent results as a,





sire. Nobody can doubt this because it

is a fact. But it is more risky to use

one than a pure-bred. No one can af-

ford to take this risk when he can get

pure—bred sires as cheaply as he can

now, yet, of course, many do bccause

they do not sccm to comprchcnd the im-

portance of the fundamental principles

of breeding.



And while we know from actual ex—

perience that scrub cows or cows of no

particular breeding on the average, are

not nearly as good as purebred cow’s,

yet it goes without. saying that a large

amount of the dairy products of ‘this

country will be produced by scrub cows

for years and years to come. Statistics

ShOW that only about 11/; per cent of the

dairy cattle in this country are pure-:

bred.

per cent are scrubs or grades, and of

this 981/2 per cent only 10 per cent arep

well-bred grades of any one of the pure-

bred dairy breeds. Think »of it, 88% per

cent of all the cows in this country are

yet scrubs, cows of no particular breed-

ing, cows where no blood from good dairy

ancestors is tin their makeup. They are

simply cows that have been bred hap-

hazard without any particular reference

to dairy quality. So it goes, and it will

be a long time bcfore the peOpIe geti

through using scrubs. The question is,

what can be done to induce the farmer to

buy more pure—bred sires. to grade up

his "herd, and to gradually change from

high grades after he gets them, to pure-

breds. What we went first of all, is to

get more da' men to have good grade

herds, thenCfivcese dairymen will gradual-

ly change fr/om. grade herds to pure-

bred herds.





Think of it, the rest of them, 981/z . “





 





YEWISave





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





hdoney





Here ’3 Proof





The United States Government Laboratory

test shows Ceresota to be worth from 14 to 79





cents per barrel more than other well known

and extensively advertised flours.





This is the best reason in the world why you

should use





Ceresota Flour





The prize bread Hour of the world





GET A CERESO’I‘A COOK BOOK.





THIS TRADE MARK

ON EVERY SACK





It contains valuable sug-





gestions and over a hundred recipes that are unusually excellent.

This book delights every housekeeper. It will interest you. Limited





Edition FREE. Send a





Save the coupons





post card today.





in every sack. They tell how to geta





splendid little story book of intense interest to every

child. Let your children color the many lovely pictures

with the harmless water—colors that you get, too.





Children love thi





5 story of wonderful adventure—it’s





just the kind your child wants to hear “all over again."





Manufactured by





The Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn.





 





 





v

Registered in U. S. Patent Office





 





What Other Tractor Does :h'





Here is a Bates All-Steel Tractor and Plowing

Outfit‘turningasquare corner. No other tractor

can do it. or Will work right up into the fence cor- ,



mare and plow every square foot. Yet this is onlyone -‘

of the Bates' many advantages. Being steel and not.

iron, it. weighs ngnrly 8,000 pounds LESS than

other tractors. him what. a. tremendous savin

of ower with 4 tons less dead weight. to pull? ,

An think where you can go With this outfit—any

place a horse can go. of. onlycnn ou plow, but you ,

can disc, barrow. roll and see your land. too

FOR THE BATES WON’T PACK THE SOIL! :

Note, too, that the Bates Direct-Connected ‘

Plowing System enables one man to handle plows

and engine. No getting off. No heavy lifting. The





plowin platform is parallel with.and connected to, the engine plat-





form. ntrollin levers are in easy reach. Only one ml;

the most; wonderfu plowing device cvcr invented. Plow

stuntlytuken off and engine made ready for other work.





You can low 8 to 12 acres per day—clean, flat furrows, deep as wanted.

The Bates cos the work of 16 powerful horses, yet never gets tired. Needs





“feed” only when at work.





Even on farms of 160 to 200 acres the Bates

money maker and work saver.





urtmont. Positively

carriage can be m-





, BATES

{Mel Tractor





_.__._I





Low PRICE





Though made of finest steel, the Bates sells at. alow price. That's because

of a modern factory in which only tractors of one size are made.





COMPARE IT WITH OTHERS





has proven a. big by investigating the





Get the latest Bates Tractor Book. Then see for yourself if other tractors

compare With it in convenience. low cost of operation or rice. Hun-

dreds who once thought they couldn't profitably run a tractor 1‘1):



ates, that. they can.





. we learned.

rite for catalog and price.





(1) BATES TRACTOR 00.. 105 Bates Street. LANSING. MICE.





 





 





Let the lumbo





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Do Your HOISTING





Yes. sir. that’s just what we mean! TRY this hoist. Let it lift your wagon

body. gas engine, slaughtered hog—anythingor try it out on that saggy length

of Wire fence that needs stretching. Use this hoist for 30 days! If the time.

trouble, temper and tugging it saves isn’t worth a dozen Jumbos, don’t keep it.





. Jumbo Safety H





Here’s a hoist that thousands of farmers

have gone wild over because it’s so handy

—bccause it simplifies all their lifting.



The hoist, which can be used equally

well as hoist and wire stretcher, is fitted

with an automatic locking device that

acts on the pull rope. The lock is in the

upper block. The instant you let up on the

pull rope, zip! goes the lock which takes a

bulldog grip on the rope—holds it until

you are ready to lower the load. And the

heavier the load, the tighter the grip.



This is the only successful self-locking

device on the market with a patent adjust-

ment for ropes of all conditions. Its success



is due to its extreme simplicity. Absolutely

' nothing to get out of gear—nothing to slip





.<\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\~ - -





 





HALL MFG. CO.,807Main St. Monticello, la.





Days

FREE





30





oist and Wire Stretcher





—nothing to wear out or give way. It will

last a. lifetime and IT’S SAFE. That’s why

it‘s popular.



'Ovcr 60_,000 of these hoists in various

Sizes are in use“ Made of best steel, criti-

cally tested and IDSDected before shipment.

Shifipcd for 30 days'

FRE use anywhere:

guaranteed every-

where. Besidchumbo

110le: and “'lre

Stretcher we make 9

sizes of Hull Safety

Hoists—capacity. 400

lbs. to 4 tons.



Mail your name and

your dealer's for the

catalog and that. Bl

Free Offer right. now





 





 





Biggest Stumps Pulled

For 4c Each-In 5 Minutes!





E. 0. Culbreath Johnston, S. 0., does it. Thousands of

others doing 1 . Why not. you! Pull an acre of





. , stumps a day.

3‘. / crops on virgin soil! Geta. u,





Double the land value—grow big





HERCULES





—the on] all steel, triple power stump puller





made.





ore power than a. locomotive. 60%





lighter, 100% stronger than castlron puller. 30





days’ free trial. 3 year unranteeto repl





ace, free, ,





castings that brea fromany cause. Double

safer ratchets. Free book shows photos

on letters from owners. Special price

will interest you. Write now. Address

Ilorculoc Mfg. Co. 137 21st St.

Contorvlllo. Ion





 





 

   





 





SCIENTIFIC POWER MILL





Best and strongest mill ever built, Capacity 30 to

60 bushels of cob corn per

hour. The only mill on

market; with Ring Oiling

Bearings.Adaptcd for use in

any locality. Will grind our

com, shelled corn

3‘ W oats, barley, rye, and

' ’ all small grains. Will

_’ \ alsogrindear cornin

j”: - $7.; the shuck. Produces a

c ’4” better grade 0 f work

‘ and more of it than any

other mill of similar

type on the market.





EASY RUNNING-"FULLY GUARANTEED





Built for heavy service. This No. 103 mill has given

the best of satisfaction everywhere. Write for out

new catalog which describes over 20 styles and

sizes of Power and Sweep Mills.



The Bauer Bros. Co...Box 409 Springfield. Ohio





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





Tells how to grind twice the amount of

corn on cobs or in shucks, shell com.

sheaf oats, katfir com, alfalfa, oats: \

rye, wheat, barley, cotton seed and. § (

small grains, coarse or fine. in half the



tune and with less power by usingthc





SUPERIOR

DUPLEX MILL





Its double grinding rings with saw " '

tooth grooves do the work the way you want it done. Force

feed never chokes. Self-sharpening. Simple and built to

last. Extra grinding ringsfree with mill- Complete line.

Capacity 5 to 120 bu. an hour and operates on from ”'6

to 25 H.P. For gasoline or steam engines. Fully guaran.

teed. Write today for free illustrated catalogue.

SI'PERIOR MANUFACTURING & MILL CO.

m East Street Springfield, Ohio





 





 





' TIIE [REGEST IND BEST LINE OF





WE'LL DRILLINI;





MACH I N E R Y ’n ”8"“-

have been mob;

1.112“ for 3:11:11; 20tyetsut-ir.C Do? not guyfipdl you.

ee out no us to. e at o 0. Send I

tori-thew. ltls FREE gue "





Austin Manufacturing 00.. Chloago





Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.
598 (10>

GRIND 159m BU. PER HOUR

hem-1.2m. .. mimic

FE E D N | LLS

‘ (Soflwilotwilnidnltw)

to mmragdsggsgzilfigmégsfiflfingy





‘ Bowsher Mills often reduce the

\l ere. different from all others.

corn with or without

grinders.

FREE“





cost of grinding one-half.'1‘ hst's

‘ :1 B OWS H E R

. . Crushes:

‘ shacksin .) Grind tin the head

(find. for £011.!ng on values

I .NJ’m 00-. Ml! lend. Ind.





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 





 

 





\IIlllf‘





 





 





m Kodel Machine sews tester. run ns easier and will

3:: Ion3 er than ever. Adjusted in a. minute to suite 1%





year—oi boy or strongest men. Ask for catalog Roll“

and low price. First order gets agency

Folding Sawing Mull. Co.. 161 W. Harrison St" Chicago. Ill.





BAGS





, '39.“. offered for certain inven-

' (ions. BOOk “How to Obtain a Patent"

and “Whit to Invent" sent free. Send

rough sketch for free report as to patent-

ability. Potents advertised for sale at

our expense In Manufacturers Journals.

Patent Obtained or Fee Returned





”CHANDLEE I: CHANDLER, Patent Att'ys





Estnblished 16 You!

1031 F. Stree Washin on, D. C.

—The American





TBAPPEIIS WEEKLY PAPE Trappcn





Weekly-‘know n as CAMPE

‘RAIL—conteius 24 pages

each week during the trnp-

ping and raw fur season.

Trapping methods-mew fur

I prices and stories each

week. spacial offer—four copies all different. I0 cents.

A. R. HARDING. Publisher. Box 270. Columbus. Ohlo





AW EGG mcuanon

. - £3.13} CHICK BROODER





The incubatoria

California lied-F

wood, coveredF

« with asbestos and gleInIzed —"

iron: has triple w .p... tank;

nurser ; egg tester thermometer read

house. 30 Days' T. aL—m Iey bec



. _ catalog today.





fnotO K. W'J'"‘

ImM' "” -...¢mrco..llsnl.65 Racine.Wls.





 





WE BUY OLD BAGS

SOUND AND TORN

We Pay The Freight

IROQUOIS BAG CO.

724 Brosdwuy. Bunnie. N. Y.



Reference—Citizens Bank.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





the Bradley strain,





IlilIIIEIl ROCK COCKEBELS... “‘ 32 and up “We





hey last. A. A. PA’l‘aTULLO Deckerville,Mioh.





 





FOR SALE—Single Comb “bite Leghorns. one and

two -year old hens Lakewood Strain.

750 to $1. :30 each. CHAS. B. 000K. Owosso. Mich.





WHITE HOLLAND TURKE‘S ’W‘ M,





healthy. vigorous stock. 'I‘. B.



.Mci) onngh. Burt, Mich.



HITE W'yandottes—fi May and June hatched



cm kerels weighin from 7 to Ribs. from my famous

winter laying strain. . M. OLDS Ypsilanti, Mich.





 





 





 





AMMOTH Bronze Turkey toms & hens. Silver &

Partridge Wyundotte cock'ls. 1nd. Runner drakes.

Prices reasonable. E. H. & J. A. Collar. (loopei'sville. Mich.





—The Great Win—

Crystal White Orpingtons . e r L a, P n,

Yearling hens. cockerele and pullets. Mli

WILLIS HOUGH, Pine Crest Farm. Roial ()zik, Mic l1.





 





 





_ ' . z .1.

Barred Bock cockerels Rh“g“t“§§.ilfeli§’-Z§g.h Pill-‘9‘:





reasonable. W. 0. Coifman. R. 6. enton HarbouMiI-h.



‘ and white W\nndottes a. fine lot of

Sllveru “Olden young stock. New c ircular January let.

Browning’ s Wyandotte Farm, It. 30. Portland Ml(11





 





 





HITE W'ysndottes—The most beautiful and use-

ful of American breeds. Send for 1912 circular

A FRANKLIN SMITH, R. F. D. 9. Ann Arbor. Mich.





Prize Winnin Barred Rocks R. I. Reds, Mam





moth Pekin and I Runner ducks

. “litmk for sale. Eg 1.52. $3per set. UtilitI $3 per 100

EMWOOI) FARM MFR.s R. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich.

LlLLlE FARHSTdEAD POULTRY

B. P. Rocks. B. I “Reds Leghorn eggs





8. CW

fsal.15f%for515050fr8250

or e COLON O. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





DOGS.

for Coon. Fox and

Door. sent on ten





H o U N D5 days’ trial. pedi-





d anod eli ible to registry, trained and untrained.

“.69 HN§ON - Assumption. Ill.





IIIIIIISOMELI endil‘fdpié‘gtedfi‘l ‘i‘.‘.‘:..i.€‘e°§i$?3.i





heeler stock. Only $5. FLEE’I‘FOOT KENNELS. Detroit.





IIIIIIIIIIS Fllll HIIIIIIIIB EF°flgC°fi3b§i§§nk FERBEIS





SendZo stamp. Holmesville, Ohio





I ERRETS





6000 F ERRETS FOR SALE AEE?%.'."E§§$£





5c9nts. .ID MICK. Rochester. Ohio.





2 000- FEBRETS They hustle rats and rabbits. Small.





edium and large. Prices and book

m'aued free. m KNA APP. Rochester. Ohio.





“10,000 Femis for Sale—ml‘éfidfgldig"?

It’s free. Delileine Bros" Jamestown. Mich. Box4I



ALWAYS mention IIIe MICIIGAN PRIMER

when well are wrillnlloadveflisen.





 





 





Both $ 1 0





THE MICHIGAN FARMBR.





 





ii’OULTRYm BEESj





[AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAJ





TAKE CARE OF THE MATURING

PULLETS.





The pullets that name been producing

Eggs for some weeks past or that are

about .to commence egg production are

the ones to hold on to. They will be the

profit-producers this winter. From the

early—laying ones should be made up the

breeding pens for next season, as they

are usually the best layers of the flock.



Treat the pullets well and they will

show you the stuff they are made of. A

full egg basket at this time, when the

profit is greatest, is the desire of every

poultry owner, and anyone having pullets

maturing during the past month has no

excuse but his own carelessness for not

getting plenty of eggs. Too many are

prone to neglect them. The care that

was given the chicks when young is lack-





ing now. This should not be, however.

Although the pu‘llevts are nearly grown

and apparently able to take care of





themselves, they require good feeding and





housing almost as much as when they

were smaller. If slighted at this time a

retarded egg production often results,





which is seldom overcome until the warm

weather of spring appears.



One of the mistakes that quite a few

poultry raisers make is that of feeding

maturing stock too little. They fail to

realize that fowls require- lots of food

just before maturity is reached. The

young stock has the greatest capacity for

consuming food at this time and to fail

to let them have all they are capable of

cleaning up often works harm. I have

often found that when young fowls are

near maturity they never seem able to

get enough food. Of course, I do not

satisfy their appetites three times a day

but keep them slightly hungry during

the day and give them all they want at

the evening meal. I don’t want it under-

stood, however. then I underfeed them at

morning and noon. Far from it. I mere-

ly keep their appetites on edge so they

won't get off their feed. Another reason

they are kept slightly hungry during the

day is to encourage them to forage whom

the weather permits “Although they can-

not pick up much feed on the range at

756-13“; Lime. they derive the exercise neces-

sary to keep them in good physical con-

dition. I detest lazy hens and always

endeavor to keep them busy.



Some are inclined to believe l‘hat heavy

feeding will get the young stock too fat.

I have never found this so, however. In

fact, I am inclined to believe that a

growing pullot will not become overfat,

no matter how much feed she consumes.

As long as she is kept growing part of

the feed will be consumed in making

bone and muscle and she will not take

on an excessive amount of fut. But when

she. has completed her growth, and egg

production has not yet started, all the

food digested will tend to produce flesh,





and, of course, get her in overfat condi-

tion. To guard against this they must

work for all the food they get. Keep

them busy. Bury all their grain in deep

litter and make them dig it out. The

exercise 'thus derived will keep them in

good health and encourage early egg





0. E. HACHMAN.





HOW TO DETECT FoUL BROOD.





Symptoms and Difference Between the

American and European Diseases.





production.





The prcsc'nce of a particular disease in

a colony of bees can be uscerlained most





forations:





 





ever, to desaribe the usutil symptoms of.





the diseases and their differences so that

the bee-keeper can tell which disease is

present.



The adult bees of an infected colony

are rather inactive. Disease usually

shows itself in the larva just about the

time the larva. fills the cell; many times

it is sealed over. The first indication of

infection is a slight brownish discoloration

and loss of well-rounded appearance of

the normal larva. The larva gradually

sinks down on the lower wall of cell and

becomes darker in color, with the pos-

terior end lying against the- bottom of

the cell. By the time it has partially

dried down and has becOme quite dark

brown the most typical characteristic of

the disease becomes noticeable. With a

toothpick, or similar object, inserted into

the decayed mass and withdrawn, the

larval remains adhere to it and are drawn

out in a thread, as shown in the cut,

which sometimes extends several inches

before breaking.



The larva continues to

gradually loses its ropi—

ncss until it finally be-

comes merely a scale on

the lower wall of the cell.

This scale adheres tight-





dry down and





ly to the cell and can

only be removed with

difficulty from the cell

wall. The scales can

‘ best be observer] when

comb is hold with top





inclined toward observer

so that a bright light strikes the lower

side wall.



A. very characteristic and usually pen-

etrating odor is often noticeable; it can

be likened to the odor of heated glue.



The majority of larvae which die of the

disease are attacked after being sealed

over in their cells. The cappings are

often entirely removed by the bees, but

when they are left they become sunken

and frequently have a small hole in the

top. As healthy brood emerges the comb

shows the scattered sunken cappings

covering dead larvae, giving It a charac-

teristic appearance. The tongue of the

larva frequently adheres to the upper

wall and often remains even after the

pupa has dried down to a scale. Usually

the disease attacks only worker brood,

but occasional cases are found in which

queen and drone brood are diseased.



European Foul Brood.



This variety was formerly called black

brood or_ New

York bee disease.

The name black

brood is a poor

one, for the col-

Or of dead brood

is not black but

I-nllwr ‘21 grcvyish

dark brown.



European foul

brood usually at-

tacks thc larva.

in an earlier stage

Of its develop-

ment than Am-

erican foul brood,

and While it is

still curled up at

base of cell. A





small percentnge

of the larvae die

after capping. European Foul Brood,

Sunken and per-

foratcd cappings





are sometimes observed, as in American

foul brood. The earliest indication is a

slight yellow streak or grey discolomtion

and uneasy movement of the larva in the

cell. The larva loses its well rounded,





 





American foul brood, showing normal cells and sunken cappings. some with per-

larvae affected by disease, pupae affected, and scales formed

from dried- down larvae.





reliably by a bacteriological examination, opaque appearance and becomes slightly

since symptoms at the early stage are translucent. The larva is flattened against





somewhat variable





It is possible, how- the base of the cell but may turn so that





 





 





DEC. '* 28, ‘ 1912.





the end of larva isto rear of cell, 'or

may fall away from the base.» Later, the

color. changes to a decided yellow or grey

and translucency is lost. The yellow col-

or is the chief characteristic of the dis-

ease. The larva appears a. somewhat col-

lapsed moist mass. When its remains

become dry the trachea becomes con-

spicuous. Finally the larva becomes a

grayish brown scale against the base of

the i"cell, or a shapeless mass on the low-

er side wall. The scales are not adhesive

but‘ are easily removed and bees carry

out a gieat many in their efforts to clean

the cembs.



Decaying larva are not ropy as in Am-

erican foul brood, but a slight roplness

is sometimes observed. The glue- pot odor

is absent, but sometimes a. sour odor,

which reminds one of yeast: fermenta-

tion, is present. It attacks drone and

queen larvae almost as quickly as those

of workers.



European foul

tive during





brood Is m'ore destruc-

spring and early summer





than at any other time, often disappear-





 





~..'€

Demonstrating Ropy Nature of Diseased Larva.





ing during late summer or autumn, or

'during a heavy honey flow, or in case of





a new queen being introduced and ac—

cepted. .

Shlawassee Co. N. F. GUTE.

Note. The above is the second of the





series of articles on that class of bee

disease known as Foul Brood. The third

article will appear next week.





DUST BATHS IN WINTER.





 





 





One somehow or other is apt to asso-

ciate dust baths with hot summer weath-

er. when the sun is shining brightly and

everything is dry and dusty, and many

do not realize that there is any necessity

for providing such a luxury .for poultry

at this time of year. However, at no

time of the year is the dust bath so

necessary as immediately following the

moulting period, when insect life among

the feathers is so plentiful. It is assert-





 





Showing Normal Cells, Larvae Affected





by Disease and Dried-down Larvae or Scales.





("d by those who advocate most strongly

the winter dust bath that no one need

cxpect to get fowls to lay in winter who

does not provide them the necessary me.—

191 als for a dust bath. However good

the food supply may be, it is perfectly

useless unless the hens are perfectly free

from attacks of insects during the time

production of eggs is out of the question.

they are atrest; without this freedom the

Apart from the question of laying it is

believed that the provision of a dust bath

often saves the heavier breeds offowls;

when kept in confinement, from contract-

ing liver disease.





Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





 





It is not generally known that bees are

faster and swifter than pigeons—~that is

for short distances. Some years ago a.

pigeon fancier of Germany laid .a wager

that a dozen bees, liberated three miles

from their hives, would reach their hives

in less time than a dozen pigeons. The

competitors were given wing, and the

first bee reached the hive a quarter of a

minute in advance of the first pigeon.

Three other bees reached the~goal before

the second pigeon arrived. The bees

were slightly handicapped, having been

rolled in flour before starting, for purpose

of identification.
Due. 28. 1912.





 





VVYV‘YYYYYVYVVVVV vvvvv





"HORTICU‘LTUREi





AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL‘AAA





A FEW PRUNING POINTERS.





 





 





 





 





The pruner is an assistant of nature.

He brings order out of confusion and is

the maintainer of peace in the tree. The

unpruned, neglected tree looks like a bat-

tle field with the dead, the dying, and

the victorious branches thereon. The tree

is a colony of individuals, each branch

competing with every other one. Natu-

rally there- are more branches on a tree

than can be supported by it and conse-

quently there is the struggle for the sur-

vival of the fittest. The pruner should

come as the envoy of peace, and arbi-

trate, a court of the. last resort. In his

decisions he should not grant special

privileges to individuals but he should

have in min-d the common good and





should decide for the betterment of the.





whole colony of individuals, the tree. Do

we, as prunerrs, fully realize the import-

ance of our work? ‘



From the condition of some of the old

orchards we can feel sure that some

pruners have been biased in their judg-

ment. It appears that they strongly fav-

ored the upper branches and considered

the lower ones as a nuisance to the com-

munity. The writer came across the

work of one man who considered himself

the professional pruner of the vicinity in

which he lived which showed that he had

strong prejudice against the shape of an

apple tree. He undoubtedly was a south—

erner as he strongly favored the palm

tree shape.



Nature. prunes and why not we? She

prunes, however, along the lines of the

least resistance, and takes a long time

to do it. She has no respect for com-

mercial standpoints, nor does she prune

to make it convenient for her Adams and

Eves to pick the fruit.I as she used to.

She is not progressive except under the

hand of man. But often she prunes more

than man dares to and cuts hard.



Now that we have: settled the question,

to prune or not to prune, the time to

prune should receive next consideration.

The old adage, prune when the knife is

sharp, has a lot of sense in it, especially

when we consider that the knife is gen—

erally sharpest in late winter or early

spring. Except for fall or early winter

pruning when the wounds are to lie. open

as it were, without calousing or healing

through a long season of cold and dry-

ing, there can be little damage done to

the tree by pruning at any time. How-

ever, the time of pruning may have con-

siderable effect on the fruitfulness of the

tree. It is generally conceded that sum-

mer pruning induces fruitfulness and

dormant season pruning induces wood

growth. While summer pruning will in-

duce the formation of fruit buds it may

have the opposite effect if not dene all

the proper time in the summer. To get

the desired results the pruning should be

done shortly before the season’s growth

stops and the t‘erminal bud forms. This

is during the latter part of June or early

in July.



Most of the pruning is done during the

dorm-an season. There are few orchards

that will not bear their full quota of

fruit if given good care. Dormant season

pruning is most convenient because it

comes at the grower’s time of leisure.



Both the season that the cut is made

and the character of the cut influence

the healing of it. The food material

which heals over the wound takes a

downward course through the inner bark

and the wound should be in position to

intercept the downward flow of the sap.

A limb that is removed entirely should

be cut close to the one to which it is

joined and the cut made parallel to it.

A limb that is to be headed back should

be cut back to a side limb. Stubs should

be avoided in all cases. They will not

heal over as the sap does not flow out

of its way to heal a wound, and from rot-

ting back they are liable to be a source

of trouble in the future.



Wounds heal best when the sap is ac-

tive, but with the exception of late fall

or early winter pruning the time of prUn-

ing has no direct bearing on the healing

process. However, it is advisable to wait

with the dormant season pruning until

as near the opening of the growing sea-

son as work will permit.



Large wounds should be- dressed to pre-

vent decay and to’ check the evaporation

of moisture. There is nothing better for

this purpose than pure white lead and

raw oil. The ordinary paints frequently

have materials in them which would be

injurious to the more tender barked trees





 





 





4- «.5 ‘. .





THE Ml‘CHlGAN-- FARMER.





such as the peach. Small wounds, those

under an inch and a half in diameter,

need no painting over. Wounds from oth-

er causes than pruning should also be

treated. Care .must be taken to clean





rthem out and trim them to sound tissue,





before painting them over.



Pruning had better be done a little each

year instead of in spasms. However, if

necessary to do severe pruning the fol-

lowing season should be rthe bearing year

for the- tree. An “off year” following

severe pruning would tend to produce a.

large growth of water sprouts.



Low-headed trees are almost a neces-

ty now with the almost perpetual spray-

sity now with the almost perpetual

spraying and the high cost of picking la—

bor. Low—headed trees need not inter-

fere with the process of cultivation. The

main limbs can be started low and trim-

med so as to be out of the way of team,

tools, and men.



Upon the fruiting habits of the tree and

the character of the growth of it depends

the course to be tlaken in pruning. If

the apple were pruned like the peach it

would almost become barren. The \Vag-

ener apple can not be pruned to advan-

tage like the Spy on account of the dif~

ference in the character of growth. The

stone fruits, the peach, the plum and the

cherry, bear their fruit on auxiliary or

side buds. The core fruits, the apple and

the pear bear theirs on terminal buds.

The peach bears its fruit on the past

season’s growth, and therefore it is nec-

essary to cut back considerably that

the fruit buds may be reduced in number

to produce fruit' of size and to prevent

overbearing. The plum and the cherry

produce their fruit on the older growth

and if pruned like the peach would tend

to produce wood instead of fruit.



Trees that grow very upright should be

trainedrto spread by cutting off those

branches that grow inward and favoring

these that grow outward. For those of

spreading habit pruning in just the 0p-

posite way will encourage a. more up-

right growth.



Pruning can not be done by rule. In

fact, even to the experienced man each

tree is a problem; not one which per-

pllexes but one which he knows he can

solve with assurance because he has a

definite idea of what he wants to do and

knows the fundamental principles of

pruning.





Van Buren Co. F. A. WILKEN.





THE CHERRY APHIS.





 





who has a cherry

the small, black

infest the leaves. It is easy

to find them. ,They are on the under

Side of the leaf, which crumples down

over them, making a tent or hiding place

secure from wind and rain, but also be-

traying their presence to the observing

eye. They are also on the stems and

soft young wood.



The life history of these insects is in-

teresting. In the fall the eggs are laid

on the twigs. These hatch early in the

spring and the young lice crawl upon the

opening buds, where they insert their

beaks and suck out the sap of the leaves.

In a week or ten days they become ma-

ture and begin to propagate, increasing

very rapidly. In June or July winged in—

sects appear which migrate to some oth—

er plant‘, but return in the fall. A brood

of egg-laying females is then developed.

These deposit small, slimy black eggs

about the buds for next spring's brood.



This insect is an undesirable- neighbor,

not only because it injures the trees and

makes the foliagwunsightly, but also be-

cause it is not easy to get at. The leaves

curl so much that the lice are almost

secure from any kind of spray. In fact,

spraying is little better than nothing.

What few can be killcd in this way are

not missed in three or four days.



How to Combat.



The most satisfactory way to dispose

of these pests is to dip the infested leaves

and branches in some solution containing

nicotine, the tobacco extracts being the

most common form in which it is to’be

obtained. There. are several of these ex-

tracts to be had, but some of them must

be used with caution, lest the foliage be

injured. The lice are mostly on the ten-

der, terminal leaves, which adds to the

difficulty of handling them.



Another way to dispose of them is to

remove the leaves and branches upon

which they are living. Such method is

rapid and often satisfactory. The insects

cling to the leaves, so can be- disposed of

without difficulty. The lice will soon die

as the leaf wilts.



It is not alone on the cherry that these

black aphides are found. They live on

the plum, thorn and a variety of trees,





everybody

familiar with





Nearly

tree is

lice which





besides thistles, docks and a long list of

plants, both wild and cultivated. It is

not uncommon to see weeds black at the

terminals with these hungry little fellows.

Thistles and yellowdocks seem especially

liable to attack.



The habits of the insect emphasize the

importance of clean culture. It is im—

possible to keep the trees from black lice

so long as there are shrubspand weeds

nearby where they can breed. This not

only applies to cherry orchards but to

plums also, though the damage on the

latter is not so great as on the former.



Another source of infection is the nur-

sery, for here the insect is often very

troublesome. UnleSS the young stock is

kept clean there will be eggs on the tlrees

which will hatch. Hence the importance





of knowing the nursery and the» stock

sent out.

Oakland Co. F. D. XVELLS.





MUSHROOM CULTURE.





 





amateurs Wish to grow a few

mushrooms. A roomy outside cellar may

be turned to account as a mushroom

house; and in addition the warmth aris-

ing from the mushroom beds will bring

forward rhubarb, and possibly also chic-

ory, or dandelion roots to mix with let‘-

tuces for salad. The collar may be per-

fectly dark to blanch the chicory.



The success of the mushroom beds will

depend chiefly upon obtaining good new

Spawn and suitable manurc. The manure

shold be obtained from a stable where

the horscs haVe hard dry food, and be

reasonably fresh, and should not be ex—

posed to rain or snow. The usual plan,

where possiblc, is to prepare the manure





1\‘[any





in an open shed. thrown into the form

of a ridgc, and turn and intermix it every

three days, The object is to drive off





some of the moisture and get rid of the

fiery heat. In the course of eight. or nine





days the manure will be in shape to

make up into beds. The latter should be

flat. three or four fect‘ wide, and 12

to 1:": inches deep. and made quite- firm

by beating or treading. If made on the

floor the limits may be made in the form





of l'ldgvs three feet wide and two and a

half fer-t high, built up in layers quite

firm. If the manure is quite fresh some

labor may be saved if a fourth part of

loamy soil is mixed With the manure.

The soil will absorb the ammonia. and

keep down the strong heat. and such

beds always hear well.

Spawning the Beds.



As soon as the temperature of the beds

remain steady at about 80 degrees or 85

degrees, break the spawn up into picces

about two and one—half inches in diam-

eter and inscrt them just under the: sur-

face of the bed eight inches apart, and

make thc bed quite firm again. insert

the bulb of a thermometer in the bed

and watch it daily. It is not likely to

gct much hotter, and if the heat falls be-

fore the spawn runs into the manure a

light covering of old hay or litter will

restore it. In the course of a few days,

when the spawn is working. place a cov-

ering of loam on t‘hc bed, and beat firm.



Canada. \V. R. GILBERT.

CO-OPERATIVE SELLING SOCIETIES



AND NEW MARKETS.



Some of the co-opcrative fruit selling

associations have found their most satis-

factory sales to be with parties living in

smaller towns and cities. Effort was

made: by sor-icties recently organized in

Michigan to go into the large cities where

the dealers and wholesallers were well-

organized and as a result obstacles were

found. But in the smaller places the

markets were open and satisfactory trad-

ing was affected. The fruit supply of the

smaller places, especially in towns and

small cities located in mining sections

and general agricultural localities, is us-

ually limited and of ordinary quality.

\Vcll-selectcd fruit of good grade appeals

lo buyers of these municipalities as they

are not accustomed to have good kinds

presented for sale. ‘This condition causes

the action of buyers to stand out in con-

trast to the jealous attitude of wholesale

organizations of metropolitan cities, which

organizations are not content to oppose

and obstruct a oo-operative enterprise

as they come in contact with it in' the

city markets but go into the field and

userevery ruse to embarrass the inexpe-

rienced men such mutual organizations

are often campelled to hire to manage

their business. For this general reason

co-opera-tive societies often find greater

satisfaction in disposing of their output

in smaller places, especially in a season

when the fruit yield is heavyand values

are down.





Wayne Co. SUBSCRIBER.





.(11) 599





.





l-‘i’rotect Yourself

from Drought





The Only Plow That Does





Yes sir. this remarkable plow actual-

ly rotects your crops from drought

anclait’s the only plow that does. Here’s

how: It leaves no air spaces between

top and subsoil. Thus the moisture

supply from below is not cut off. In

times of drought. water comes up from





 





subsoil, just like kerosene comes up a.





lamp wick. It refreshes the roots of:

your plants—keeps the crop green.

strong and healthy, even though the

ground is parched and bone-dry on

top. You See the





Rock Island “c.1.x."

Universal Plow





has a. peculiar bottomwcorkscrawolike in

shape. On this plow, the dirt travels back-

ward and downward. not backward and up-

ward, as on other plows. This makes an

absolutely clean furrow, and a. thoroughly

pulverized soil. Saves one harrowing. And



, all trash coveted. And each slice turned

clear over flat. Nocrimping. No air spaces

between topsoil and subsoil.





A Real Universal Plow





Note, too, it is UNIVERSAL. Not aplow

for just one or two kinds of land. Not a

plow for certain soils. It wz'lldoperlect work

in ANYplowabIe field on your farm. And

at any depth down to 8 inches. Gumbo.

heavy clay, sandy loam, mixed soils. stubble

fields, meadows, old mrnfz'elds, tame sod. they

all “look alike” to the Rock Island Univer-

sal. Saves buying an extra bottom or

another plow.



A great, plow. A wonderful plow. A money

maker. A money and work saver. Twentu years

ahead of the ordinary kind. Now the most. popu-

lar plow in existence. Once you see its work.

you’ll have no other kind on your farm at any





price. That's a fact.

WRITE. Let. us tell you how it looks'and how

I it works; how dangerous mr spaces

are now done away with; how you are able to buy

this superior implement an about the mice of a

C(Hnmonpluco plow. Let, us also tel you the

nearest; place where you can see this really

remarkable plow and get. the price.



All these facts will be sent. you. free and post.

paid. Just. take a postal now and write on it

these words, Tell me about your Plow. Give your

name and address. Then send the card to





ROCK ISLAND PLOW C0.

243 Second Ave" (110) Rock Island. Ill.





 





 





 





 





HUNDREDS OF CARLOADS OF





 

 

 





reen s. Shrubs.

Hardy Roses. etc.

- 1 .200 acres. 60in

rub: . HardyRosesmone

\ b e t t er grown.

greenhouses of:

Palms. Ferns. Begonias.

Even-blooming Roses. Ge-

raniums. and other things

too numerous to mention.

_, . ' Mail size postpaid, safe at-

rivnl and satisfaction guaranteed. Immense stock of

SUPERB CANNAS. the queen of bedding plants.

Acres of Hardy Perennial Plants. which last for

cars. 50 choice collections cheap in Seeds. Plants.

ones. etc. For Fruit: and Ornamental Trees ask for

Catalog No. 1. 112 pages: for Seeds, Everblooming

oses, annex-x, Gcraniums Greenhouse and Bedding

Plants in general, Catalog 0. 2,168 pages. Both Free.

Direct deal will insure you the best a! least cost. Tryil. 59yrs.





The Stan‘s & Harrison (:0. Box 54 , Painesville, 0.





Ever]:





   

   





 





 

   





 





1’. w





, spRAYERs





   

   

 





("as





 





0N FREE TRIAL





No money in advance-no bank

deposit. Horse and Man Power

Sprayers for field and orchard, Barrel and

Power Sprayers. High pressure, thorough agi-

tation. Built to last. Guaranteed for 6 years.



We pay freight. Extra profit pays forthe machine.

Write today for our big free catalog, spraying guide

and special free offer to first in each locality.





THE H. L. HURST MFG. COMPANY.

241 North St. Canton. Ohio.





 





,

,

e





 

 





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





LET us TAN

voun HIDE.





Cattle or Horse hide, Calf, Dog, Deer.

or any kind of skinwith hair or fur on.

We tan and llnlsh lhom rlghn make

them into coats (for men and women).

robes. rugs or gloves when ordered.



Your fur goods will cost on less than

to buy them, and be wort more. Our

Illustrated catalog gives a. lot of in-

formation which every stock raiser

should have. but we never send out this

valuable book except upon request.



It, tells how to take 011 and care for

hides: how and when In any lllo lrolghl

both we I | about our safe dyeing pro-

cess w ch is a. tremendous advantage

to the customer, especially on hon.

Ind.- and all skin- about the fur



code and game troph es we sell. taxi-



ermy. etc. It on want a. copy send no u . ,

your correct dress. . ‘ ' ‘



e (21-03in Frisian Fur Company. -



~ 571 lye Ave. Rochester. N. Y.
(in





,m g ,

The Michigan Farmer





ESTABLISHED 1843.

‘ THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING CO.





EDITORS AND PROPRIBTORS.

39 to 45 Cow St. West. Detroit. Michigan.





Tiumon mm 455.





NH! You Omen—41 Park Row. -

Omcaeo Omen—mo First Nat'l. Bank Building.

CLIVILAND Onion—10114015 Oregon Ave. N. E.





 





M. J. LAWRENCE...................... .

M L. LLWRIN Vice-





. OE.

E. H. HOUGHTON...........................Seo.-Treas

I. R. WATIIIBBURY..........................]



. E YOU





 

 





 





0 . . ...... A 't

BURT WERMUTH....................”Haj $3.31:

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.......-..........





 





E. H. HOUGHTON..................Business Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





 





One year. 52 issues ................................ 50 cents

Two years. 104 issues ................................. 3100

Three years 156 issues 1.2“;

Five years. 230 issues..... 2.00





. All senc'Béé‘tiJSllifi"

Canadian subscriptions 500 a your extra for postage.





 





Always send money by draft. postoflice money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-

sponsible for mone sent in letters. Address all oom-

munications to. an make all drafts. checks and post-

omoe orders payable to. the Lawrence Publishing Co.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





iocents per line agate measurement. or $5.80 per

inch. each insertion. No adv't inserted for liens than



.20 or insertion.



0:? o lottery. quack doctor or swindlina advertise-

ments inserted at an price.



Enteredassecond c ass matter at the Detroit, Miobi~

can postomoe.





COPYRIGHT l9l2





by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

t in issue without our written permission.





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FAIIMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub-

scribed for, and we will pay all expenses for defending

any suit. brou t against any subscriber to The Mich-

igan Farmer by the publisher of any farm paper.

which has been sent after the time ordered has expired.

provtdin? due notice is sent to us. before su't is started.



Avoid urther trouble by refusing to subscribe for

any farm paper which does not print. in each issue. a.

definite uarantee to stop on expiration of subscri -

tiou. '1 0 Lawrence Publishing 00.. Detroit. Mich.





DETROIT, DEC. 28, 1912.





1913.





There is a distinctively American spirit.

It may not be easily defined nor would

We undertake to indicate it by “odious

comparisons.” In a general way it means

a free play to genius, ambition and en-

ergy, untelhered and unrestricted by any

old world tradition of caste or any false

distinctions of society or of methods. It

takes difficulties with a zest, as a mount—

ain climber, and is indifferent to lesser

obstacles. It “plays the game fair.”



The mendiczint wants aims.





 





 





 





The weakling wants “returns without

effort.”

The grufter wants unfair advantages.





A man seeks opportunities.



America stands for equal opportunities

and when opportunities are not equal and

the reason for any inequality, that is an

unrightcous inequality, is understood and

the responsibility clcarly fixed, the person

or persons who are rcspmlsiblc would

better get out of the way. After l‘rince

. Henry. as our honored guest a few years

ago, had toured our vast territory, he

was asked upon his return to Germany

what had most intensely interested him

of American conditions. His prompt re-

ply spoke volumes. “It was." said he,

“the contrast between the bright, intell-

ligenl, hopeful. happy faces of the av—

erage crowds that in America cycrywhere

greeted me, and the hopeless soddcn ex-

pression, ofttimcs with evident bitterness,

in the faces that make up the crowds in

Europe.”



It is as inevitably a part of American

progress that we do things in bigger

ways, with improved methods in the gen-





eral conduct of manufacture and com—

m'erce, as that we do things in bigger

ways on the farm, with improved meth-

-ods and machincry. The man in the in-

dustrial world or the commercial world

who can not relinquish ancient or obso-





lete methods, can not hope, to succeed;

just as the farmer who persists in using

the old hand cradle will inevitably fall

before the competition of the modern

harvesting machinery. Good business

methods must be followed all along the

line if we w0uld attain material success

worth while, regardless of the calling in

which we are engaged.



On New Year’s day, 1913, the farmer in

America may we’ll stand erect in pride at:

the mighty accomplishment of the year

past which gives him the honor and the

prestige of being in the van of all

achievement, and he may well turn his

face in all confidence toward the coming

twelve months, rejoicing In the opportu-

nities that America offers to the Ameri-

can spirit of honest, energetic, courage-

ous, persistent endeavor. With the rec-

ord of nearly ten billions of do‘llars in

products in 1912, behind us, 'We turn to

1913 with the salutation:



A HAPPY NEW YEAR.





. ms MicmG-AN FARMER.





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





Every business man

who aims to be up-

to-date in his busi-

ness methods takes a

trade paper devoted especially to the bus-

iness in which he may happen to be en-

gaged. Business farmers have not been

behind other business men in this re-

spect. In'fact, they have patronized trade

papers perhaps longer than any other

class of business men, and probably with

greater benefit to themselves. As the

farmer’s business is more complex in its

nature than that of most other business

men, his trade paper, if it is what, it

should be. is more helpful to him in his

business than that of any other business

man.



As a natural consequence, the require-

ments for the farmer’s trade paper to suit

his needs are more exacting than is the

case with trade papers in other lines of

business. Above all, it must be suited to

conditions which prevail in his own 10-

cality to furnish him the information

which will be most helpful to him in his

business. It must also be up—to-date in

the subject matter which it contains, and

anticipate rather than follow the season

of his special needs.



Without attempting to enumerate the

benefits which will accrue to the large

family of Michigan Farmer readers dur—

ing the coming year, we desire to simply

state that we shall undertake to make

The Farmer measure up to the afore-

said requirements as a trade paper for

the farmers of Michigan. In addition to

the other departments and features of

the paper, for which improvements have

been planned which should add not a.

little ‘to its educational value, we would

again call the reader’s attention to our

new departure in agricultural journalism

in establishing a department of Farm

Commerce, which will be devoted to that

important factOr of modern business farm-

ing—the disposal of the products of the

farm in such a manner as to secure the

greatest possible net revenue to the pro-

ducers.



The marketing problem has come to be

a big problem in farm economy, and only

by its constant and careful study can its

curly and satisfactory solution be achiev-

ed. Such a study on the part of business

farmers has already been too long de-

layed, and never before in the history of

our country was the time so propitious

or conditions so favorable to the success-

ful solution of this vexed question as is

the case right now. Economic students

are everywhere awakening to this fact

and e-vcn in government circles the mat-

ter is being given attention. It is proba-

ble that in the not distant future the De-

purtmcnt of Agriculture of the» United

Slzltcs government. will have added to it

a bureau of markets, and in New York

there is at present serious agitation look-

ing toward similar action by that com-

monwealth.



It is in recognition of this important

fact and with a desire to be in the lead





Your Trade Paper

for 1913.





at the propitious time that this latest

improvement has been added to your

trade paper. Recognizing at the same





time: that by departing from the custom

that has grown up among farmers’ trade.

papers in recent years of using premium

gifts to secure subscriptions, and by of-

fering the paper on its merits at a. great-

ly reduccd price, we could not only main-

tain its quality but: improve it all along

the line, we have taken that step—a step

which will ultimately effect the saving of

$40,000 per year to our present readers.

This. however, is really a small item com-

pared with the benefits which the Michi-

gan Farmer as a trade paper will be to

them. I



In this effort to make the Michigan

Former of the greatest economic as well

us cultural benefit to our present family

of readers, as well as to extend the scope

of its usefulness to include every Michi-

gan farm family,

co-operation of every reader.





During the coming

session of the legisla-

ture many important

questions will be de—

hated and disposed of for the ensuing

two—year period by the members elected

to represent the people of the state at

Lansing. Every citizen should be inter-

ested in the legislative procedures and

should. upon occasion, exercise his right

to communicate his views upon import-

ant public questions to the men who rep-

resent his dist‘rict in the state legisla-

tive body. Every citizen should, as Well.

bear in mind the fact that in the end

legislation is often a matter of compro-

mise, a getting together by men ‘who

hold or represent extreme opinions upon





Legislative Ques-

tions.





we bespeak the kindly“





the subjects under censid'er‘atiOn, so that

the action finally taken upon many ques?





tions wtll more than likely not be in ac-”





cord with the opinions of those who have

given the questions under consideration

careful thought and painstaking study.

There is no doubt, however, that the

direct interest of a large element of the

state citizenship, as expressed to their

representative in the state legislative





body, will have a wholesome influence

upon the character of the legislation

enacted. For this reason it is a duty in-





cumbent upon every interested citizen to

give the important questions which will

come before the incoming legislature

careful and unbiased consideration, to the

end that their suggestions may be help-

ful rather than their demands embar-





rassing to their_representatives in that





body.



To the end that this result may ob-

tain. we shall aim to present such facts

and ideas upon‘ important questions as

may seem to be of material aid to our

readers in the study. of these questions.

Such discussions will not, however, be

in any sense partisan, or presented with

the idea of converting the reader to any

particular line of thought, but rather to

aid him in the impartial consideration of

important questions which his represent—

atives in the legislature will be obliged

tonass upon during the coming session.





For several years the

The Initiative and farmers‘ organizations

Referendum. of Michigan have de—

clared themselves in

favor of the initiative and referendum.

Their efforts in this direction have ap-

parently borne fruit' in that the three

parties represented in the membership of

the incoming legislature have recognized

this demand and declared in .favor of

the enactment of such legislation during

the coming legislative session. It is,

then, entirely probable that a law pro-

viding for the initiative and referendum

in legislation will be passed at the com-

ing session of the Michigan legislature.



It is thus an opportune time for the



thinking citiizevns of the state to study

this question more carefully than they

have heretofore done, to the end that ac-

ceptable legislation may not only be as-

sured, but that the use made of the new

rights and duties which will devolve upon

the electorate may be such as to fulfill

their hopes regarding this innovation.

I Oregon has been frequently pointed out

as an example which Michigan should

follow in this kind of legislation. It' ap—

pears, however, that the Oregon law, in

the opinion of its friends, has been too

freely used in that state for best results.

At the recent general election 40 bills

were presented to the voters of the state.

for ratification or rejection, thus lessen-

ing the likelihood of careful consideration

and judicious action upon the more im-

portant subjects submitted to the elec-

torate.



The taxpayers’ League, of Portland,

made a careful study of these several

propositions and their published report,

in which recommendations were made as

to the merits of the several propositions,

was prefaced by the following paragraph:



“The League, as an earnest friend of the

referendum and initiative, again protests

against their indiscriminate use as a sub—

stitute for action by the legislature and

in measures of small importance. They

were intended, and can only be used ef-

fectively as a high court of appeal

against misrepresentation by the legis-

lature, not as an original source of gen-

eral legislation. Forty bills are present-

ed for state action at the coming cleca

tion, and the sentiment, ‘When in doubt

vote no,’ is generally expressed. Initia-

tive and referendum will die in the house

of its overzealous, friends if overworked

to this etxent.”



It would probably be impractical for

the legislature to limit the application of

the initiative and referendum in any leg-

islation which may be proposed or enact-

ed, but the greatest benefit can accrue

from the enactment of laws providing for

the initiative and referendum in Michigan

only by their conservative use by the

electors of the state.





The question of wom-

an’s suffrage- is an-

other which will cer-

tainly come before the incoming legisla-

ture in the form of a resolution for the

resubmission of a constitutional amend-

ment at the general election to be held

next spring. The recounts granted in

several counties failed to develop a

majority in favor of the constitutional

amendment .providing for woman’s/suf-

frage as its advocates had hoped and the

final official canvass showed a small ma-

jority against the proposition. A too





Woman's Suffrage.





0‘ bud. - ‘28,. 1912.7 ’ A'





general lack oflcare in initialing the bat-

lots or a weakneés of the law in that re-y

spect was also. developed. “Such weak-

ness, if found to exist, should be prompt-

ly corrected by the inComing legislature.

and the proposition should be resubmit-

ted at the earliest practicable date. The

State Grange and State Association of

Farmers’ Clubs both went on record in

favor of such resubmission 'at their re-

cent meetings, and there is little doubt

that the incoming legislature will give

the people of Michigan another chance

to express themselves upon this propo-

sition in the near future. \





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





Fire destroyed the Southern grain ele-

vator at St. Louis, Mo., Sunday morning,

entailing a loss of about $100,000.



Believing that dealers in apples are at-

tempting to withhold supplies from the

trade until prices advance, the National

Housewives’ League is about to attempt

to break the market by bringing out

supplies for present consumption. Many

offers of storage stock have been made.



During the season of 1912, 33 persons

have been drowned in the Detroit river.

Five- of these were drowned from canoes,

two from rowboats, one was run down,

while the remainder fell in or met death

while swimming. *



Postoffice officials declare the mails this

Christmas season to be the largest in the

history of the postoffice department.

Much additional help has been necessary

to handle the increased amount of mail

matter.



The dynamite conspiracy trial at Indian—

apolis is nearing an end. The prosecu-

tion expects to complete its argument

this week.



The amount of commerce moving to

and from the United States during the

season of 1912 breaks all former records.

Imports will approximate $1,800,000.000

worth against $1,563,000,000 in 1910, the

former high record year. Exports will

approximate $2,400,000,000 against $2,-

0!l3,000,000 in the former high record year

for exports in 1911.



The United States grand jury in ses-

sion at Detroit, returned 23 true bills.

Twenty persons were indicted charged

with violations of the Mann Act.



The Interstate Commerce Commission

has decided with the Detroit coal men in

a case against the railroad who made an

additional charge of $2 for reconsi'gning

cars. .



The federal government has started

suit against the Southern Pacific Railway

on a charge involving the title to $250,—

000,000 worth of oil lands.



'Seventeen alleged bucketshop men have

been indicted by the Wayne county grand

jury, now in session at Detroit.



.The Michigan state board of canvas-

sers has completed its work and declared

the women’s suffrage amendment to have

lost by 760 votes.



President Taft is enroute to Panama to

look over progress there and consider

other matters of importance. He may

determine whether the canal zone will

be given civil rule or not.



New York will expend $150,000,000 in

improving docks along the water front.





Foreign.





The steamer Florence was wrecked off

the coast of' Newfoundland last Friday.

Twenty-two sailors were lost, only five

of the crew being saved. The wreck oc-

curred west of St. Shotts.



The French aviator, Roland Garros, suc-

cessfully completed an oversea flight from

Tunis to Rome On Dec. 22.



Affairs in Mexico seem in a rather un-

certain state. A report has just reached

this country that a band of rebels suc-

cessfully assaulted the garrison at Ascen-

cion, occupied by federal troops. It is

also believed that the tOWn of Guzman

has also been taken. Additional federal

forces are now being moved toward that

position occupied by the rebels. A colony

of American ne-groes located 20 miles

west of Durango have also been attacked

by a band of rebel forces. President

aft is sending a message to President

Madero by Ambassador \i’ilson to renew

his efforts to terminate the rebellion, or

at least to greatly enlarge military forces

for protecting property of foreigners

from depredations.



Another violent earthquake 'shock was

felt at Messina and Iteggio. Italy, at nine

o'clock Sunday morning. The people were

panic stricken and are now camping out—

doors. It is declared that had the city

been rebuilt after the earthquake of 1908

the buildings would probably have been

destroyed by this disturbance. .



Fire during a moving Show at Baraques

in Prussia, caused a panic in which 12

persons were killed and 20 injured. Many

of the victims were women and children.



Anglo—Saxon nations are enthusiastic

over the proposal of a celebration to

commemorate the 100 years of peace be-

tween English speaking nations. The

English committee having in charge apor-

tion of this work contemplate purchasing

the old Washington home in England,

which is in a good state of preservation.



Former-president Castro, of Venezuela,

is reported to have sailed from Havre,

France, to New York, on an unknown

mission.



The conference between the represent-

atives of Turkey and the Balkan allies

and Greece have failed as yet to reach

terms for settling the Balkan war. There

is nothing to indicate one way or the

other whether proposals made by the

different sides will be accepted or not.

It is reported, however, that both parties

are leaving nothing undone in the way of

preparation to continue fighting in case

a treaty is not effected. The conference

is in session at London.



Arrangements are being made for pro-,

viding Windsor, Ont., with 2.500 horse-

g‘gggr. of electric cur-rent from Niagara.





 





 





 





- .





IV. a

l

“g

A

I

,l Q.

fill:
in?





 





,nation.





' State Grange.





one, , 28, 1912. ; '





‘VGRANGE .





“AAkAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'A'A‘ A





our Mbtto—“The farmer is of more

consequenee than the farm. and should be

first improved."





 





 





FORTIETH ANNUAL STATE GRANGE.





(Continued from last week).

The Electio





Due to imperfections in the primary

system authorized last' year for the pur-

pose of securing an advisory expression

from the subordinate membership on the

offices of master, secretary and executive

committee, the election of officers again

claimed too much of the delegates’ time.

Gradually, however, the faults of the

new method of electing ofiieers promise

to be eliminated, some important changes

having been made before the close of

this meeting. The complete list of offi-

cers for the ensuing two years is as fol-

lows;





v





Master——J0hn C.’ Ketcham, Hastings.

Overseer—Frank E. Moi. Minden City.

Lecturer~Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.





Steward—'1‘. E. Niles. Mancelona.

Assistant Steward—Chas. Lundquist.

PChaplain—Mrs. O. J. C. \Voodman, Paw



aw



TreasureraFrank Coward.

Secretary—J. \V. Hutchins,

Gate Keeper—Geo.

verse City.

Ceres——Mrs. A. J.





Bronson.

Hanover.

A. Robertson. Tra-





F‘recman. Romeo.





Flora—Mrs. C. H. Anderson. L’Ansc.



Pomona—Miss Ida Hansen.. Lincoln

Lake.



Lady Assistant Steward—Mrs. “tnth

Miller. .



The terms of four members of the ex-

ecutive committee expired with this





meeting. C. S. Bartlett and Geo. B. Hor-

ton, present incumbents. and \Y. F. Tay-

lor and Jerry Lawson. both former mem-

bers of the committee. were elected. The

promotion of John C. Ketcham to the

Master’s chair brought his immediate

resignation from the committee and the

vacancy was filled by the election of T.

H. McNaughton. The two hold-over

members are F. G. Palmer and H. F.

Baker.



This year the names of cities extend—

ing invitations to the Grange were placed

upon the official ballot, so that delegates

voted upon next ycar’s meeting place

when voting for State Grange officers.

Four cities asked for the‘next State

Grange, viz., Flint. Battle Creek. Grand

Rapids and Mt. Clemens. Flint proved

the choice of a large proportion of the

delegates.



The Executive Committee's Work.





Introductory to the report of the ex-

ecutive committee. Chairman Ilorton

congratulated the Grange, on its contin-

ued success throughout the state and

The organization‘s prosperity, he

said, speaks volumes for its justice and

usefulness, justifying its existence and

giving assurance for the future. for the

farmers of Michigan are as deeply im-

pressed with the necessity of organization

right now. as they ever have been. The

principles of the Grange seem to more

nearly meet their requirements than have

those of any other organization ever pre-

sented to them, the result being that the

Grange has lived and grown. However.

patlrons have an important charge to keep,

for such an organization is more essen-

tial today than when “Father” Kelly

started it nearly half a century ago. It

offers a specific agency through which

farmers may unite their efforts in main—

taining themselves socially. intellectually.

industrially and influentially as against

organized infiucnccs and effects of the

many contending interests incident to

this strenuous age. Relicving that the

days of its greatest need are yet to come.

he declared that the Grange must con-

tinue distinctively a furmcrs’

tion—must be to the farmers what other

special organizations are to the various

special interests which promote and

maintain them. Thus it behooves the

membership to be ever earnest and

watchful.



The report proper gave details as to

matters claiming the committee’s atten-

tion during the year and showed the

members to have been active in urging

an immediate—effect presidential prefer-

ence primary, in securing the submission

of the universal suffrage amendment and

in supporting the campaign fer its adop-

tion. Life insurance problems were giv—

en CIOSe study during the year and every

effort made to promote the progress of

the Grange life insurance company in ac-

cordance with instructions from the last

The committee also. dur-





ing the year, framed and put into effect.

as, directed by last State Grange, an

amendment to-State Grange‘by-laws pro-





organize?





viding for an, advisory election of cer-

tain State Grange officers. While some

unforeseen complications interfered with

the getting of a' full and satisfactory ad-

visory expfession of the membership, the

committee held that this first trial fully

justifies the perfection and continued use

of the plan, and recommended that its

scope be broadened to include more of

the officers of State Grange.



The report of the sub—committee on

(to-operation properly follows that of the

full committee. This, too, was rendered

by Geo. B. Horton who served as Grange

contract during the year. He call-

ed attention to the steady gain in the

returns to the Grange from the conUraCt

system and expressed the opinion that

the Grange should continue this system

of busineSS co-operation until the supe-

rior qualities of some other system have

been thoroughly. demonstrated. Experi-

ence would seem to demonstrate that it

is preferable to the estlablishment of

Grange stores. Diseussing co~operative

movements in a general way he said that

the Rochdale system has never done much

in this country although it has worked

well in poorer countries. Of all the nu—

merous plans promulgated and tried out

in the past. it is worth while noting that

none of state-wide dimensions has suc-

ceeded. Small communities. however,

find it practical to establish and build up

co-operative enterprises, although com-

plications and disappointments beset all

movements of this kind and a great de—

gree of business patience and loyalty is

requircdin those participating. The com-

mittee’s efforts to solve the farm labor

problem were refcrrcd to briefly. In

reality the movement proved a failure

owing to the fact. that wages ruled SO

high in the east as 'to deter many immi-

grants from leaving that section. The

proposed investigation of rural credit sys-

tems in foreign countries was mentioned

as possibly leading to the formation of

co-operative banks through which farm-





’t-rs many secure. capital necessary to the





proper development of their farms at a

rcascnable rate. of interest. The commit-

tee also held up the Grange life insurance

company as a form of co-operative en-

terprise which is demonstrating that the-

rates charged by the large life insurance

companies are far higher than they

should be. ’

Co-operation and Taxation.



The report of the standing committee

on co-opex'ation followed closcly. being

presented by its chairman. Judge L. C.

Holden, of Chippewa county. The com-

mittee favored the promotion of com-

mercial and financial co-operation and. in

vicw cf the, fact that Michigan laws are

not now favorable to the formation and

operation of co-operative associations. it

was recommended that the Grange en-

deavor to secure the enactment of a law

similar to that passed by the legislature

of Wisconsin last winter. It was further

recommended that the. State Grange ex-

ecutive committee be instructed to form-

ulate and work out a plan of co—opcra-

tion adapted to the use of subordinate

Granges. The Grange concurred in these

recommendations. On motion it also en-

dorsed the plan of organizing and op-

erating co-operative associations put

forth by the Right Relationship League.



The committee on taxation. R. E. Kles,

chairman, submitted a plan for the sep-

aration of state and local taxes which.

after somewhat lengthy discussion. was

rejected by the. delegates. It was rec-

ommended that the present mortgage tax

law. the repeal of which is advocated in

some sections, be given further trial. The

Grange gave its earncst support to this

measure at the time of its enactment and

desires that it be given a fair opportu-

nity to demonstrate its superiority over

the former law before being repealed.

The delegates endorsed this attitude and

also concurred in the recommendation

that the state license fee for automobiles

be increased. and that such fees be re-

turned to the counties where the auto-

mobiles are owned and there be equally

distributed among the townships for the

maintenance and repair of the roads. The

proposal Of a national graduated income

tax upon all incomes in excess of $5,000

was endorsed as was also the position

taken by the National Grange in declar-

ing that tariff taxes must not exceed the

difference in cost of production at home

and abroad.





 





THE HIGH COST OF LIVING



has been reduced by The Michigan Farm-

er’s new subscription rates. Fifty cents

for one year. an even dollar bill for two

years, 1.25 for three years, and $2.00 for

five years. These new rates offer a

large saving on one of the farmer’s nec-

essities of life. Renew now.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER;





 





{E FARMERS’ CLUBS

AW

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—Jets. N. McBride, Burton.

Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.





Secretary—Treasurer~—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora.



Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;

H. \V. Chamberlain. White Lake; Wm.

T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spanlding.

Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Re-

main. Flint. ,





Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





 





Associational Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer‘s most valuable asset.





 





Associational Sentiment:

The farmer. he garners from the soil

the. primal wealth of nations.





 





ASSOCIATIONAL PRESIDENT

MCBRIDE.





 





Hon. James N. McBride. the-recently

elected president of the Michigan State

Association of Farmers’ Clubs, needs no

introduction to Michigan Farmer readers.

since he has long been a contributor to

its columns. That he was the unanimous

choice of the delegates at the recent an—

nual meeting is evidence that his ability

and fitness for the place azc generally

recognized among Club members. An





 





 





 





 





 





Hon. James N. McBride.





up-toalate and progressive farmer, adcep

thinker on agricultural and public ques-

tions and a knowledge of the statc and

its people through years of personal con-

tact in institute werk arc qualities which

bespeak for the Farmers" Clubs a capable

leader for the coming year and an ear-

nest champion in the legislature, of which

body he is a member-elect.





THE ASSOCIATIONAL SECRETARY’S

STATISTICAL REPORT.





Number active Clubs in state 114, with

5,392 members as shown by report blanks.

Number of meetings hcld during year

784, with an average attendance, of 47.

’l‘wcnty—tbt'ce Clubs use yearly programs.

20 haVc Club fairs and 25 hold temperance

meetings. Forty-eight Clubs sent dclc—

gates to last annual meeting and 63 paid

state dues.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Plan for Lecture Course— he Hadley

and Elba Farmers’ Club wa. .pleasantly

entertaincd at “The Oaks.” b Mr. and

Mrs. Herbert \\'ats0n, Nov. 21. The roll

call, “\\'hom do you consider the, most

famous man of the day?" received a

hearty response from the members. Mrs.

C, A. Bullock presented a proposed course

of free lectures as promoted by U. of M.

and a committee was appointed to confer

with the Grange on the matter.—Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Sec.



Elect New Officers—About 60 friends

and» members of the Troy Il‘armers’ Club

enjoyed a chicken dinner at the home of

Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Maitrott on Dec. 7.

The following program was given in the

afternoon: Singing of America, followed

by prayer by Rev. E. A. Cross. Roll call,

“\Vhat have I most enjoyed during the

year of the Club work?" The majority of

answers were the good fellowship and

discussions on interesting subjects. Miss

Edith Phillips gave an excellent reading

and responded to an encore. “Will elec-

tricity solve the problem of impure

milk?” was discussed by Messrs. Hodg-

don and Schoch and Wm. Bailey. The

following officers were elected: President.

L. D. Miller; first vice-president. Wm.

Herbison; second vice-president, Mrs.

Edwin A. Starr; secretary, Mrs. Charles





 





(13"





601





Howarth; corresponding secretary, Mrs.

George Farrand; treasuietr, Mrs. Otis C.

Hodgdon. The Club adjourned to meet





with Mr. and Mrs. L. D. Miller on Jan-

uary 4, 1913.



Hold Annual Meetlng.—Salem Farmers'

Club held its annual meeting at the town

hall on Dec. 6. Good music was furnish-

ed by Mr. W'm. Crete and Mrs. Hershel

Munn. An exceptionally good paper was

read by Robt. ROss, on the subject,

“Natural Science and the Farmer." He

showed us that the farmer should also

be a scientist; should know the composi-

tion of the soil. He referred to the fact

that much of our soil was primarily worn

down from the faces of the rock masses.

by the process we call “weathering.”

Beaten by the storms and winds it grad-

ually came to supply a vegetation, small

at first, but increasing in soil fertility.

He said good soil and fertile soil are not

synonyms. A good soil is one that is

capable of receiving plant food and prop-

erly feeding the plant. A plant may cas-

ily die in fertile soil with poor mechan-

ical action. He told us about the uses of

nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid; of

the value of birds and the shame of the





hunter’s ruthless destruction, which we

hear on every hand. and much more.

Mr. L. l). Lovewell. of South Lyon, gave





a grand talk on his trip into the south

land, starting at Detroit he took us with

him to Chattanooga in a most charming

manner. stopping on the way at all the

points of interest. Election of oiiicers re-

sulted as follows: President. Gilbert

Thompson; vice—president, Robt. toss;

treasurer, Chas. Ross; corresponding sec-

retary, H. C. Thompson; recording secre-

tary. Mrs. Sara Ross. Club voted to hold

an institute in Febuary, 1913. Thanks of

the Club are due to Mr. John Munn. who

was our host at the annual meeting——

II. (‘. Thompson, Cor. Sec.



Receive Report of State Meeting—The

llartland Farmers’ Club met in December





at tho home ‘of Mr. and Mrs. George

Huskingson. After dinner was scrvcd,

meeting wah called to order by I’resi—

dent \\'. C. Clark. Opened by praycr





by Elder W'oollcy. It being the day for

election of officers the program was cut

short. Mr. Wm. Youngs was delegate

at Lansing for the Michigan State Insti-

tute. He brought back a very intcrcst-

ing paper much enjoyed by all. He spoke

of hearing the pupils from the blind

school. who sang tine. Next on the pro-

gram Wcre rccitations by Gladys Marsh

and Edna Closc. Mr. and Mrs. Wm.

\Vakeman favored us with a song en-

titled. ”Angry \\’or<ls Should cher be

Spoken." Last of all we elected oiliccrs

as follows: l'rcsitlent, H. W. Clark; vice—

prcsltlcnt. Jerry Fahzly; treasurer. Myron

\\'yckoff; secretary, Etta Burgess; cor-

responding sccretary, Mary Openo. (.‘lub

adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs.

Dr. Cook on Jan. 4.——Mary L‘. Upeno,

Cor. Soc.



Find the Club Profitable—The Decem-

ber mccting of thc \\'ixom Farmcrs’ Club

was entertained by Mr. and Mrs. John

l'o;tcr at their farm home. A good

crowd was present and enjoyed the social

hour and the good dinner. The program

was fine. Music on the graphophouc .u‘l—

dcd much to make. it lively. Cur lilacs

gates were there and gave us a very

flattering report. which was listcntwi in

with much interest. The question box

was taken up and the queries discuss-ml.

Gov. ()sborn was severely censured lor

the partloniug of Ashley, by seVetal num-





bers of the, Club. “Arc Farmelrs‘ Clubs

a Profitable (lrganizationT‘ wa~; freely

discussed. It was dccidcd they were it‘





\\'t‘ make them so. Mrs. It. I). Stephens,

(for. Scc.



Question Box an Interesting Feature.—

Thc Rives and East 'l‘tnnpkins Farmers’

(“lub met at the home of Mr. and Mrs.

I‘lugcne T’crrinc, Dec. 7. After the usual

good dinner had bccn served to over 60

Ihc meeting was called to order by the

president. Singing of America by the

Club was followed by a prayer by our

chaplain. Thc members thcn listened to

a «It-lightful litcrary and musical program.

Our pastor, Mr. Sevcruncc. read an arti-

cle entitled, “The County Y. 'M'. C. A.."

Mr. Richard gave us a violin solo which

was encored. ’l‘hc piogram was conclud-

cd by an instrumental duet by Miss Rosa.

Foster and Miss thla Mann. After the

usual intorcsting question box had been

discussed the meeting atljourncd until

Jan. 4, when an oyster dinner will be

sorvctl.~lna Stringhani, Cor. Sec.



A Brilliant Thanksgiving Meeting.—'1‘he

members of the Hickory lt‘al'mers’ Club

were delighted to see the sun risc bright

on tho morning of Nov. 21. Soon all ex-

cept two families were on the road which

led to IC. R. i‘urtly’s farm home near

t‘aro. to attend the annual Thanksgiving

mecting. which is one of the best Club

meetings of the. year. About 80 arrived,

bringing ealables with them. The center-

pict-c was a large pumpkin cut diamond

shape, filled with fruit. Did the turkey

come? Yes, and raosted to a finish.

There Were also all kinds of vegetables,

bcsidcs fruits from the tropics. and can-





(lies. The program opened with singing

by the Club. followed with the Lord’s

l’rayer. The secrl-tary then read her re-





port which is always spicy and as one

member said, is one- of the, best parts of

the program. Mrs. J. C. Robinson read a.

paper entitled, “Enjoy Life," which was

very good. containing many helpful hints.

Ilcssie Dowling gave a reading, namely,

“A Thoroughly Good Time," which was

Maxine Howell recited. pleasing all. Mrs.

I"eterhaus read. “The pig is mightier than

the pen," which explained the daring

ability with which a farmer might ex-

preSs his opinion upon certain subjects,

compared :with the editor. Then came

a lively debate on the question, “Resolv-

ed. that grain farming is more profitable

than stock farming, that is. with stock

sufficient to run the farm." Edward

Purdy was leader on the affirmative side.

while W. T. Dowling led the negative.

The discussion was general. The Clues-

tion was decided in favor of stock. Sing-

ing closed the meeting.——Mrs. R. L. Rob-

Inson. Cor. Sec.





 





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BY JOHN E. DOLSEN.





A king, from the most ancient line,

The latest and the greatest one,

Has now his empire to resign—

His course is run, his work is done.





The while he ruled o’er all the earth,

His days were given to the Race;



He saw of hopes and lives the birth,

And wondrous changes taking place.





His heir is waiting on the hour,

New hopes and better days to bring.

Let's do his 'work with all our power—

“The king is dead, long live the king.”





 





CALENDARS, OLD AND NEW.





 





BY ELIZABETH L. STOCKING.





A 1913 calendar! Those» of us whose

hair is beginning to be streaked a. little

with gray, pick one up from among our

holiday presents with, perhaps, a. little

sigh art the thought that another swift-

winged year has flown. 0, well! it was

not such a bad year and, very likely, 1913

will be a, great deal better. We are go-

ing to try to make it so anyway.



What handsome and complete things

some of these modern calendars are! A'

leaf for evcry day in the year; 'the day

of the,Week, the day of the month; the

number of days past and those to come;

the phases of the moon, and an inspiring

quotation from one’s favorite author; all

this information given upon each page

of the calendar. .



“'hile it is true that this new calendar

points us dclerminedly to the future. still

as we gaze at it our minds turn back-

ward in n reverie, and we Wonder about

the first calcndzir that ever was made,

and dream of the slow stages of evolu-

tion through which it must have passed

to reach its present form. Perhaps, we

bccomc so interested in our Visioning

that we delve a little into the records

of the past to leurn, if we may, of those

first: attempts to measure fleeting time.



Ll’robably, some of our very early an-

cestors kept track of the days by merely

notching each one on a stick as it pass—

ed. Soon, the phases of the moon form-

ed a measure for- time, and the days

were grouped into months. It is thought

by some authorities that, for a long

while, months were the longest measures

of time, and this explains the reason

why Methuseluh and the other Bible pa—

triarchs are described as so long livcd.

Methuselah’s nine hundred and sixty-

nine “years” [were simply months of 29%.

days, which, according to a. simple cal-

culation, would diminish Methuselah’s

hoary age to 781:»; years.



Later, when the “monthly” years he-

came inconvenient as measures of dime,

and when men began to realize that the

changes of weather and senson (were de-

dependent upon the sun, the year was

lengthened to five months, easily counted

by the number of fingers On one hand.



The five months’ year existing in the

time of Abraham reduces his 175 years

to 72, and Isaac’s 180 years to 74. Later

Still the year was «increased to ten

months, and, last of all, the twelve-

month your was introduced by the Egyp-

tians whose careful observations had fin-

ally succecdcd in determining the length

of the true solar year.



In very early time, shadows were ob—

served to indicate. the time of day and

also «the season. Stake-s and pillars were

erected, and tall, vertical stones set up

on 10ca'tions where their shadows could

be best observed.



Gradually, as it became more. and more

important that the proper seasons for

sowing crops should be better known,

the size of these sun-stones was increas-

ed, since 'the larger shadows indicated

more accurately the change in seasons,

and the tote-ms, monoliths, pointed tow-

ers, and obelisks found in so many dif-

ferent localities, were the result. The

obelisks are called “Fingers of 'the» Skin,”

and were used as sun-dial clocks, and

also to indicate the seasons. The hiero-

glyphaics on their surfaces record Special

days and events. The obelisks were sim-

ply ancient calendars.



According to a late theory, these efforts

accurately to locate the seasons and de-

termine the true length of the year, cul-

minated in the mighty pyramids of the

Egyptians. It has been proved that the

pyramidal (form ds the best for giving

exact shadows, and also that a VBO‘Y high

and large oaject was necessary to show

the slight variations in shadow from day





to day, and especially at the two equi-

Qioctial seasons when the shadows are

shortest and of nearly equal length.





The pyramids of Egypt, then, accord-

ing 'to this theory, are a. series of vast

experiments .to determine the correct

length of the solar your, culminating in

“The Great Pyramid,” Whose size, cor-

rect “equinoctial slope,” and other meas-

ures and indications, show that the long-

corveted knowledge was finally reached by

the aid of this vast monument.



The Egyptians were then able to plant

their crops at the proper seasons; there

was always "corn in Egypt,” and the:

fear of famine no longer haunted them.

They became the granary for the world

~—-the wealthiest and most civilized of

nations. Through their herrculean efforts

the true calendar was born.





Trading with the Egyptians at the

port of Alexandria the Greeks received

the knowledge of the calendar. Ancient





calendar stones have been found

showing the twelve months and also

with thirty holes on the left sides in-

dicating the days of the month. A peg

was stuck into the first hole and moved

forward one hole each day, recording the

date.



From the Greeks, tlhe knowledge of the

calendar passed to the Romans whose

conquests spread it throughout Europe.

The Roman rulers" whose prerogative it

was to compile the calendar, took great

liberties with it, shortening it or length-

ening it to suit their own convenience

until Julius Caesar, in the year 46 B. C.,

establshcvd a calendar reform which prov-

ed a great blessing to the pcople. Ac-

cording to this arrangement, months. of

30 days alternated with months of 31

days. This plan was afterwards broken

into by various changes made by differ-

ent emperors. For instance, the month

Quintilis, which had been re—christlened

“July" in honor of Julius Caesar’s birth-

day, had 31 days. Augustus Caesar

changed the month Sextilis into August





Greek





in his own honor, and then becom—

ing jealous because Jullius Caesar’s

month was a any longer than his

own he took a. day from February

and added it to August, giving ~lha.t

month. also, 31 days. In the time of





Pope Gregory III, the calendar was still





 





DEC. 28, 1912.





further reformed, assuming, at that time,

its present shape. . ‘



Before the invention of'prin‘t'ing, “Clog

Almanacs” were used. These were

square, oblong, "clogs” or sticks along

whose edge-s were cut signs and symbols

indicating the days and festivals of the

year.



The first printed almanac in Europe

was published in the year 1457. In Que-en

Elizabeth’s reign the monopoly to sell

calendars was limited to two members of

the Stationers’ Company whose families

continued to exercise this privilege until

well into the nineteenth century.

Calendar Of the Future—a Change that



has been Suggested.



And now, having viewed our calendar of

the present, and delved into the records

of past almanacs, perhaps we may won-

der 3. little about the calendar of the fu-

ture. Some peeple tell us that our pres-

ent calendar, with its months of irregular

numbers of days. is most inconvenient

and absurd. They suggest the substitu-

tion of thirteen months of 28 days each.

This would leave only one extra day,

which could be placed at the end of the

year and used as Christmas Day. By

this arrangement each month would be-

gin on the first day of the week and close

on the last day of the week. Any given

day of the month would always fall upon

the same day of the week. The extra

day, Christmas, would stand alone—it

would have. no week—day name. “Leap-

Day," occurring once in four years, might

be used as a mid-summer holiday. It

would also stand by itself at the end of a.

month and bear no week-day name. The

extra month could be placed midway in

the year (between June and July). We

would all have to rack our brain% to

think of a name for it.



The advocates of this scheme wax en-

thusiastic over its advantages and decry

our present irregular, confusing calendar.

Be that as it may, for ' year, at least,

we shall hang our new 1913 calendars

above our desks, consult them often, and

tear off each day the pages which, be-

sides their printed records, shall] tell of

sorrows and joys, of events personal and

national, of battles lost and won.



May this unopened calendar of 1913

prove “A Happy New Year.”





 





 





BRAMBLE HILL.





BY ROBERT CARLTON BROWN.





(Book Rights Reserved by the Author.)





Synopsis of Preceding Chapters.—Na-

thzlniel Edgewonth, eccentric, hard-head-

cd and well—to-do, is passing his declin-

ing yours upon his 400-acre farm on the

outskirts of the village of Turtle Creek.

Hls household consists of Mother Hub-

bard, housekeeper, and Brigadier Gen-

eral (by courtesy) Hornbill, a. fellow vet-

eran; Zeb Wattles, an aged musician

who, with his daughter Jerusha, occupies

a cottage (rent free) upon the farm, also

spends much time with his venerable

benefactor. Estrangelment and finally

death, robbed Nathaniel of his only son

some years previous, following which,

bitter remorse induced him to grant the

means of a liberal education It‘O his sole

descendant and grandson, Sidney Edge-

worth. In like manner he had befriend-

ed his sister” s adoptcd daughter, Susan

Dunlap. The story opens with Susan’s

return from boarding school and her full

appreciation of quiet Turtle Creek as she

views it from hcr own motor car. Sid-

ney Edgeworih has completed his course

at Harvard and rented an expensive

apartment in New York where he: is

searching for a position as diligently and

sincerely as his grandfather’s allowance





of $500 per month will permit. Among

obstacles encountered are two college

chums—Doodle, a typical case of “more





money than brains,” and Jim, of an al-

together bctter sort, who has found a.

job in Yonkers. Jim’s last night in the

big city is made the excuse for an all-

night celebration. On their assembling

in Sid’s quarters in the early morning

they find a, «telegram announcmg the

death of Nathaniel Edgeworth of Turtle

Creek, who, in a. heated argument with

Brigadier General Hornbill burst a blood-

vessel and immdialtely passed awa‘y. Af-

ter the funeral of his grandfather Sid

yearns to get away from Turtle Creek

but remains for the reading of his an-

cestor‘s will, only to find that the condi-

tions imposed by that document promlse

sto indefinitely delay his return to_ New

York. By the terms of the will Sld m-

herits the farm at Turtle Creek, and val-

uable securities in addition provided,

that he lives upon the farm, with the ex-

ception of two weeks’ vacation each year,

for a. period of four years and during

that time acquires, by gift or purchase.

an adjoining strip of rough land known

as Bramble Hill belonging to the foster

father of Susan Dunlap; or, 'in lieu of

acquiring Bramble Hill, he must make

the farm earn $100,000 during the four

years. Otherwise, the entire estate re-

verts to Susan Dunlap. On serious re-

flection Sid decides to accept the condi-

tions imposed and considers the possibil-

ities in bee-keeping as a. start toward his





hundred thousand dollars. The profitable

production of wine from the wild grapes

going to waste in fields and roadsides is

also considered. He wires Doodle for a.

case of his favorite cigarettes and de-

velops a determination ‘to make the best

of his new environment. Jerusha. points

out the folly of overlooking little things

and as a result Sid offers a site for the

Old Settlers’ Reunion, which is accept-

ed, and prepares to earn a small sum by

supplying refreshments for the occasion.

At the close of the reuniOn Jerusha IVat-

tles disappears, concealing herself in the

van of the gypsy family which managed

the meri'y-go-round at the reunion, by

whom she is discovered the following

morning. Escaping from them she makes

her way to a Chicago suburb where,

through an accident, she falls into the

hands of Mrs. Raimer, a schoolgirl friend

of her mother. \Vith the knowledge and

consent of her father she becomes this

wealthy lady’s traveling companion, as-

suming her mother’s maiden name»—

Elizabeth Walters. Meanwhile Sid’s first!

year on the farm ends without flattering

results and he is further discouraged by

the fact that a. new railroad promises to

cut through the farm and very materially

reduce its earning power.





Chapter lX.-—A Month Off.





Again the old Edgeworth grove rang

with many tongues, and Sid presided at

the. ice cream bucket. Turtle Creek was

having her annual outing in the rented

grove for the second time. Everything

was much the same. Bango was there

with poor old Rosa, her nose twitching

with another season' fly-bites; and

Zara, with a. seventh child, a mystic

seventh child, but as frowsy headed as

the rest. Nothing was much changed.

Stlmpson had added a new oath or so to

his vocabulary, but Miss Dunlap was still

alt the head of the decoration committee.

Miss Bettes, of Bayview, was absent

and Jerusha. These were the only no-

ticeable differences—if one excepts the

changed manner 01’ Sidney Edgeworth.



He mingled more in the social end of

the thing now. He hovered around Susan

Dunlap, and in the eyes of some that was

good.



They sat together in another

bow‘er of boughs, beneath

atrocious Japanese lanterns,





little

last year’s

re-strung.
11111:. 28. 1912.





I} The girl was very happy‘and Sid had had





a jolly day of it.



“It' ll be such a sh‘ame to have the rail-

road cut through this beautiful grove,’

remarked Susan Dunlap, leaning ,back,

hands neatly clasped behind the thick

coil of her tawny bbrown haii; her nice

frank eyes swept the towering trees, nod—





ding the least bit toward e h other in

gossip'y old friendship A sweet bit in

the landscape she was. Sid could never





get over thinking that, whenever he was

with her.





He considered her thoughtfully with

appreciative gaze and replied: “It

wouldn't be so bad if the right of way





were to extend through the grove alone.

The worst' of it is you know, they 10 to





plow up the best part of the firm land. ”

plowed up





“But you’d only have it

yourself," she said.

“There’s a difference. It'll be expen-





sive plowing for me 1 Their last offer is

only eight thousand dollars; the land is

worth more than that; it earns ove1 a

thousand dollars a year.‘



“But father says you' re foolish not to

accept the off8r,” she answered “You

see, if you trust it to a condemnation

court, he says they buy find even a low er

valuation 0n the prope1ty.”



“Well,1’m willing to risk it for the de-

lay. I ought to get more money out of

that land. You see, it leaves me no

chance at all to make that hundred thou-





sand dollars. Besides, they may hn3

Bramble Hill from your father and

that—”





“Yes, of course," she said thoughtfully,

coloring the least‘ bit and looking off to—

ward the water chute “Oh, l11!ok there

goes Ed Humphrey sliding down. This

is a great da3 f0! him There. Splash!

See him blow out the water like a

whale’



“Ed never was ver3 fond of water,’

renfarked Sid, slipping into the change

of conversation. They never talked about

the will for mom than a minute,so1nc—

thing confusing to both alwa3s entering.



Young Ewer came along 111 esenlh and

dragged Susan awa3 to pitch in a g1me





of quoits with the young people. Sid

declined the grudging invitation f1 om

Ewer to join them. The young fellow





still jangled on Sid’s nerves lie was so

eternally watchful, a self- constituted vi g-

ilance committee.





Sid was impatient with the interrup-

tion; it seemed that each time he was

alone with Susan he had to begin get-

ting acquainted all cider again. But

still, there had bee-11 much progress, as

his day-dreams bore witness.



Finding himself alone, with not very

pleasant thoughts, Sid sauntered over to

the merry-go—round, where he stood





watching the gay young country follows

treating their girls grandly to rides on

the gorgeously trapped-out horses. ll'ap-

py picture!



Bango stood beside Sid; business was

a bit slow, for many sat around eating

their evening meal out of big baskets on

the ground. Zara was taking the nickles

and Bango was enjoying one of those





blissful opportunities to look on and

smile, as patron of the show.

He turned and spoke to Sid; Sid re-





plied, and a dcsultory conversation en-

sued.



“See da le'etle girl with blacka da eyes

an' hair. Mucha black!" laughed Bango.

pointing to a rosy-cheeked lass sitting on

her horse backward and galloping around

the ring, a charming glow on her face, as

though she hoped some day to blossom

into a beskirted circus rider. “She get

her neeckle’s worth all righl. You know

her?”





“No,” answered Sid idly. watching the





girl. Then he added reflectively to him—

self, “She has the spirit of Jerusha,

though.”



“You say she looka vlika somebod' you





a very socia-

did not wish

through any





know maybe?” Range was

ble creature at times and

the conversation to- lapse

fault of his.



“Oh, yes,” Sid looked down at the gyp-

sy absent-mindedly, having been uncon-

scious for the moment of his presence.

“She looks like the girl th‘ll ran away

the day of the picnic last year.”



“Girl ran away. I ooka like dees gil.

cried Bango interestedly. “A blackbeny!

She looks. like da blackberry?"



“Why, yes,” answered Sid. “Vl'hat do

you know about her? Did 3ou see hex?”



The gipsy put a mystic finger to the

side of his nose and leered like an ov.l.



““1 know. She run away. Vera small

leetle girl. Black hair, black eyes. Vera

fast da run."



“Yes," replied Sid. “Where'd you see

her? She didn’t steal a ride in your old

Noah’s Ark there, did she?”



“She no steala da ride. I gIVa da. ride,”





0"





 





Bango puffed out his chest as though he

were one grand benefactor. “But I no

know she run away. She say she leeve

in house over da heel pas’ Bayview."





“I'll bet it was Jerusha,” Sid cried en-

thusiastically. “Funny I never thought of

it before. Your old omnibus headed for





Chicago must have been a great tempta-

tion to her in her state of mind.”



“You want to get her back. maybe?”

said Bango shrewdly. “I see her again.

een Chicawgo.”



“You did! VVhere’d you see her in

Chicago, Bango?”



“You want to get her back?” persisted

the shaggy fellow with a wise leer.



“Tell me, where did you see. her?" ask-

ed Sid, disregarding the persistent ques-

tion.





"Oh, but you will be glad to see her

back. Nota many pretty girl lika her in

Toortle Creiaak. She nica. leetle girl.





You pay monie maybe to know where





she ees‘?"





“Blackmail, eh?”



“I no ondrasan' what you mean—

blackmee'l?”



“Well, Black Hand, them?”



“Nah. No Black Hand,” Bango grin-

ned. “I known. da house. I taka you

dere an’ show da girl. I see her dero.





lasta year. Eet ees house of rec-ch peo-

ple. I taka da merrie-go-around to run

eet for da childr’n. i go evra year."





“Well, where is the place? You're sure

it’s the same girl?"



“Yes, only she have. on diffren’ dress,

She run when she see me. I tella da

wife. Zara, m‘tybe somebod’ pay maybe

to get her back. She say ‘no!’ But now

maybe you gentleman pay to finda da





house?”



Sid was growing very much interested.

He’d often thought it would be great if

Jerusha were back to talk things over

with. Besides. she might help him. There

was still that idea she had about the

railroad. That might be worth some-

thing. Anyway, Sid was disgusted and

tired and needed a change. There was

two weeks‘ vacation provided by the will.

He hadn’t usml it the first year', and

now, on the drab d011r.-mat of the, sec-

ond year, he had a whole month of free-

dom due him. By George! It. wouldn’t

be so had to run down to Chicago and

surprise Jerusha and bring back word to

please old Wattles. He’d like to see Je-

rusha again, anyway; they’d been rare

companions those few months; he’d never

been on the same footing with any other

girl. “'hywhere was an idea! He might

make a search in Chicago for Jerusha

his excuse to run on to New York. Good!

Thoughts were piling up fast; Sid began

to glow a little With real excitement. lie

slipped a dollar into the anxious hand of

Bango and asked, “\Vhere was the house-

thre you saw the girl, Bango?”



“Oh, you wanta da girl back, den?”

Bango was a. good deal of a diplomat.



“Yes.”



“Den I helpa you gentleman. I give.

you da hand. I tella da wife, Zara, we

should geta da girl to go back home, but

she notta sure she, come from here.”



“Well, where’s the house. 11cvcr mind

the interesting anecdote of your avari-

cious struggle, Bango. \3'11-11 street was

it on? “'hat number? \Vhat were the

pcop'c's names?”



“Eet ces swell

outside Chicog‘.

Missus Parker ecs

dere 1111’ tell her



“Oh, no. I’ll go alonc, thank you,

Bango.” answcred Sid. “ ’ut 011 what

street in On k Park docs Mrs. Parker live ?"





grande 1ia town, just

Oak Park, eet ecs call.

da lady. I taka you

we, 'come for da chil’.”





“I go dere evra year. I go with you

an’ ask for da nica leetle girl. I see her

dere. I go with you. Maybe Missus





Parker be glad to get reed of 11a leetle

girl.”

“But What's the Street, Range?” Sid





lose all patience with

He jerked out another

Btingo’s trap—like

to mix up in





was beginning to

the crafty fellow.

dollar and put it in

fist. “I don’t want you

this.”



Bango looked at Sid shrewdly and

glanced around in the hope of finding

Zara disengaged; he needed counsel, for

here was a man who slipped dollar bills

into the palm as readily as dimes. But

’Zara was busy with the nickles and the

public nursing of her latest frowsy—hea-d-

ed one.



Bango capitulated with direct sudden-

ness. “Eet ees call (121. Avenue. Eet e-es

by da station. De Oak Park Ave. You

go down onea, dua, trea, four, cinque





block. You finda beeg ‘whita da house

on da corn’, greata beeg gard’n.”

“Good!" cried Sid. “Don’t say~any—





thing to anybody else about this ” It

would be pleasant to surprise Watts.



“But maybe somebod’ like. to know,”

grinned the Italian.





THEEMI‘C‘H'I'GAN‘ “FARME‘R.





THE CRADLE ROLL CHRISTMAS

TREE.





 





BY (ORA A. MATSON DOLSON.





XV hen fruits were picked and shaken,

In the glad October weather,



We man3 a romp have taken,

I and my babies together.





But now, from my Christmas stories

Of today and long ago,



My babies grasp for the glories

or a joy they are soon to know.





“To the Christmas tree,” says Mary.

“We're going to the. Christmas tree;

And 011 it will be the very

Best things We ever did see!”





’i‘lten George, who cannot remember

()f so long ago as last year,

\\'hen the starlit night in December





Brought the whole world Christmas

cheer,

Exclaims. as his wee heart grapples





\K'ith the vision of joys to be,

“\Ve’re going to church for the apples

They've hung on the apple tree!”





 





“Oh, no; cut out the blackmail, Bango;

return to your duty as a decent citizen,

remember the tcnets of your apolitical

party and vote straight,” as Sid handed

him some change wearily.



The little eyes brightened.

nothing."



It was rather

grip and





“Range say





good to be packing one’s

again going off for a whole

month. Think of that!



Still, when Sid was actually on the sta-

tion platform, with Hermann sweating

over his Steamer trunk 11nd. running

about 011 a thousand aimless errands (to

show Sid what. a real-1y important duty

his was, though it paid but fifty dollars

a month) he seemed suddenly concerned

about his attachment for the quiet' little

town. There was something so strange in

leaving it for the city. Sid was quite

disgusted with himself for his weakness,

but he couldn’t deny the Slight sinking

sensation at: leaving. as though he were

(imbibing in an elevator.



“'ell. it was line to be in the city at

last; Chicago! Sid gloatctl ovclr the

cement sidewalks and the newsboys, buy-

ing cat-h extra as it was offered and be—

ing very prodigal with the change; his

heart chimed with the city pulsel, he

Ithrillcd with the Sheer joy of living

ag:1i11.



He registered at the,

led for a whole day in taxicabs. There

was plenty of money left over from last

year's profits of the estate: that was his;

he would spend it royally if he never

had another cent. This would be one

glorious 'holiday.



He went to a Turkish bath and rejoiced

in the comfort of being back amid fa-

miliar surroundings, tired city men and

servants.



llc ordered bccr at luncheon

slightly worried that it didn't taste just

right. Of course, it had been so long.

(me would have to get in training again,





(‘Vt‘ll





Annex and revel-





and was





get used to things all over.

He bought a new stock of Utopias;





they were fine, and still one didn't have

the same- contented feeling aftcr a Uto-

pia as after the 'old corncob l'lornbill had

urged and finally induced him to break

1n.



Sid was a bit awkward and- behind the

times; but he limbcred 11p nicely and

came back to the joy of life. Still, even

on that first evening, he missed the 00011

breath across the meadows, and felt it

wouldn’t he so bad to be. back sitting on

the doorstep with Hornbill, watching the

sunset. Sid had mechanically looked for

the evening color-riot in the sky, and

fmind only a sooty. scraggly, brick—top-

ped sky-line. VVel-l, it was fun to be

back, anyway, but a man can be just as

loncsomc in the city as in the country—-

maybe more.



The next day he hurried out to Oak

Park. He'd sec Jerusha. That would be

great. She seemed a very dear 11111 friend;

he was alone in the city, knew nobody.





Yes, Bango had told him right. Five

blocks from the station, straight north

on Oak Park Avenue, was that big white

house with the huge garden. Rather

nice! Sid asked the policeman on the

corner who lived there. The Parkers.

Yes, that was right. The I‘arkers; and





they must be- rich people, it was a splen-

did menage, if one could judge from the

outside, the tip—keep of the grounds, the

stable. the garage and all. “fall, Jeru-

sha had fallen into luck if she had been

taken in there. Of course, she wouldn’t

be a servant. .Terusha wasn’t that kind.

She might be a sort of governess or com-

panion, but surely not a servant. Sti-ll,

Sid wondered as he walked up the broad

cement to the front door, just what Je-

rusha's position would be in the great

household.





 

 

 





 

   

 

   

 





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(Continued next week).





”Immanuel
604 do





 





THE NOMID SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUT-

ING FARM PRODUCTS.





ICHIGAN farmers are fortunately

M situated fer selling their goods



by the Nomid system. There is

within her borders more than a score of

cities of over 10,000 people while. just,

across the line are large centers of popu-

lation laggregating .millioms: of peloplze

who can be reached by Wolverine pro-

ducers. More and more will the soil of

this commonwealth be used to supply the

immediate needs of these great cities for

every year the demand reaches larger

proportions while the area for satisfying

that demand can expand little beyond

present limits. Many producers have

recognized the marketing advantages of

the state and have adapted a. direct sell-

ing method, and it is the experience of

these and others that we hope to classify

for the benefit of those who desire light

and help in selling their products.



It has been demonstrated by long ex-

perience that the Nomid system will save

money for the producer. The writer

knows men who have followed the plan

for from 15 to 25 years and they are still

enthusiastic over it‘. Farmers who testi-

fied before a recent investigating board

looking into the ways of marketing pro-

duce, stated under oath that they real-

ized from five to 50 cents more per bush-

el for potatoes and apples than they

could hard they sold by the ordinary

method, from one to 15 cents per dozen

for eggs and about. the. same amount per

pound for butter. So it is reasonable to

believe that experience justifies the at-





 





tention'of readers of the Michigan Farm- '





or to this plan of marketing.



The aim of the chapters in which this

treatise is divided, is to furnish practi—

cal information on the various sub-topics

given. The work is not‘ an elaboration

of a theory, and the author has abso-

lutely refrained fro-m the use of impas-





sion'ate language which so commonly

characterizes writings. of this kind.





Neither does he claim that herein lies

a panacea for all our marketing ills. But

it is a practical plan that will place the

producer of good a step in advance of his

present position and prepare him, as

Well as the consumer, for effective, co-

operative work. ‘

What the Chapters Contain.





We have attempted to treat this subject

in the most natural way by taking up

first, methods of securing customers, fol-

lowing this with the completing of agree-

menl's, the arranging of details, of de—

livery, of making payments, etc, through

to a presentation of legal topics affecting

the rights of the different parties so

dealing. The following is a brief resume

of the different chapters:



Chapter I :treats of the definition of

the system and its application, in which

the Nomid system is defined; shows how

the system is applied to the sale of flarm

products, how the individual as well as

organizations can avail themselves of its

advantages, points out. the economy in the

system as well as the superior quality of

good delivery. The aim of the present

system is also presented, together with

an argument showing how the Nomid

plan will aid in correcting some of the

present faults of the middleman way. The

chapter will close with a discussion of

the, educational advantages of the plan

under consideration.



Chapter II gives specific ways by which

producers and consumers may get to-

gether. Among these different methods

are personal solicitation, advertising, cor-

respondence, the utilizing of county fairs,

city markets, friends, etc. The purpose

of the chapter is to furnish a definite

working basis that any party who wishes

to undertake the. system may proceed at

once to work under the plan.



Chapter III gives different ways in

which the price of the article may be

set or determined. The chapter points

out the importance of having an under-

standing on this point. It shows that

the price may be regulated by general

market conditions, or quotations, by be-

ing set for all, or part) of the year, or

for each month, or it may be made on

the presentation of the goods, or made

by the producer himself and stated in

bill sent with goods.



Chapter IV reviews the ways in which

goods maybe delivered to the consumer.

It points out how delivery maybe -made





 





EL‘.‘=”llllllllllllllllll‘llllllllllllilllllmllllllllllll|Il”IllIIllllllllllllllilllllllll|llllllllllllllllilllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllilllllllllIMHHIIIHI|lI|lllHI|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllNil





Farm Commerce.





LL'EHHlIll|lllI|||”H|Illillll|Ill“IllllIllIlllllllllllHl|IHHIIIHHHllllillHlIllllllIllHIlIHHHllillll|llllllllllllIHIlllllllllllHillllllllllIll“Illlllllll|I!ll|lIIIllllllllllllIllIIHHHlHllIllllllllHillIHlllll”llllllllllllllllllll‘lllllfi





. w-

’\





.«





 





s . /-





. THE ' MICHIGAN FARMER.





 





on the farm, by the producer’s cohvey-

ance, on public markets, by third parties

and by parcels post.



Chapter V. The different methods of

making payment are discussed in this

chapter. Experience has shown' that

payment may be made on the delivery of

the goods, upon the receipt of the bill,

at the end of the month, etc. Other sub-

jects will be given general notice in this

chapter.



Chapter VI presents miscellaneous in-

formation growing out of experience in

handling goods by the direct method.

This information not only concerns the

producer, but will be found helpful to'the

consumer as well.



In Chapter VII is undertaken the task

of giving definite details for the prepa-

ration, shipping and storing of several

products that particularly lend them—

selves to the Nomid system of. distribu-

tion. Among the products included in

this list are butter, eggs, fruit, vegeta—

bles, potatoes, poultry, etc.



The last chapter deals with legal topics

affecting the parties in a business cf this

kind. It is not the purpose of this chap-

ter to furnish information to the legal

profession in assisting on. cases that are

to be presented at court, but rather to

aid the farmer and the man who buys

from him with knowledge of their rights

and obligations in making contracts of

sales, in warranting goods and in dealing

with railway companies and other com-

mon carriers. '





 





Chapter l.—Definition and Application.





 





Nomid System Defined.





The Nomid system of selling and buy-

ing as applied to farm produce is a meth-

od of exchange whereby the producer for

a price sells his goods to the consumer

without the intervention of the middle—

man. It is a. direct system of transfer-

ring the title in goods to the final user.

By it, the middlemen are eliminated. Only

the producer and the consumer, or the

agents of either or both, handle the

goods. The. property exchanged docs not

leave the full control of either one or

the other of these two parties. The price

paid by the consumer all goes to the

producer except the legitimate- charge for

handling, which charges may become

necessary where a third party is called

upon to carry the goods or to perform

some work upon them.





The System in Use.





The Nomid method will ordinarily work

into a regular trade. The mutual bene-

fits to both producer and consumer en-

courages continuous dealing to the ‘end

that the former obtains in, some city, or

cities, certain persons who expect to take

and to whom he expects to send, his

produce. By direct dealing, the farmer

and his city customers become quite as

well acquainted as do the farmer and

the middleman under the present system,

and there is no more excuse for misun-

derstandings, or disappointments, in the

one. case than in the other. Actual ex-

perience shows this to be true. For ex-

ample, the New York State Food Investi-

gating Committee, after interviewing 211

producers who had sold goods by this

method, stated that only 10, or less than

five per cent, were emphatic in their

complaint about making collections. The

complaints of collections from selling to

middlemen would probably equal, if not

exceed, this percentage. Men who have

once started to sell goods by the direct

method seldom go back to the old system

again. The system, therefore, follows

the usual custom and becomes an es-

tablished fact with each party having

full confidence in the other.





Adaptation.





While the present organization of so-

ciety will not allow the universal adapta-

tion of the Nomid system, the use of

this system will be found expedient in a

much wider field of merchandising than

first thought would carry it. The extent

to which this system is used in exchang-

ing articles that are ordinarily sold over

the counter:- may be appreciated by a

glance at the long list of things sold by

our mail order houses. Tabulate the

goods sold by every store in the village

or small city, and the list no doubt would

come short of the variety of articles of-

fered by these great and growing institu-

tions, and the business of these. concerns

is increasing rapidly, due largely to the





fact that their prices are below those

quoted by the retail stores. But it is to

the use of this system in the selling of

farm products that the present volume is

concerned.



The question, to What extent can farm

products be sold directly to the consumer,

may be answered in part by replying to

the other question, how near each other





-must the parties liVe to deal directly in





these products? That a. producer within

a reasonable driving distance of a city,

can so dispose of his products, is un-

questioned. That the introduction of the

auto-truck and the automobile is doub-

ling the area. from which products are

carried and sold direct, does not admit

of argument. That the gradual decline

in the scale of values paid for farm pro-

ducts is rapi-d enough as one recedes

from the city to make it a profitableun-

dertaking to ship the goods by express

or freight direct to the consumer, is a.

fact that is now becoming better under—

stood: by individual farmers scattlered

here and there over the country. The

web of railroads binds the centers of

population to practically every fertile;

section of America, thus bringing oppor-

tunity to our producers of farm products

to ship to customers in these cities. Be-

sides, cities and country are now being

still closer linked by electric. lines, rural

free delivery and parcels post routes.

By these, and possibly other means of

transportation, the sale of goods direct

to the real user, becomes possible, even

though the parties. may liVe a hundred

miles or more apart. To illustrate how

largely the method can be applied in the

eastern states, one has but to note that:

the average area. or territory for each

city of more than 50,000 inhabitants ly-

ing east of the Mississippi river, is 10,885

square miles which area would be equal

to a circle having a radius less than 60

miles in length. ‘thn the great cities

of half a. million. and more people, and

the, towns and cities of less population

than 50,000 people are also considered,

it at once becomes apparent than the av-

erage producer is not so far from those

who consume the products he raises, as

he may have grown to believe.





The next question to present itself is,

what farm, products may be sold by the

Nomid System? There are conditions

under which a direct sale of any or all

products may be affected by this system.

On the. other hand, there will be condi-

tions that may prohibit the exchange of

goods usually handled after the direct

plan. To be sure, certain products need

to be. prepared by some process before

they are ready for their final purpose,

as wheat must be milled and hides tan-

ned before used for bread and shoes re-

spectively; but the grower is now learn-

ing that he can receive a. greater profit

in selling his wheat direct to the miller

and his hides direct to the tanner. So

to make a list that would include all the

products that can be handled by the

‘Nomid system would be an endless task.

The usual products that are moved thus

are eggs, butter, milk, creom, poultry of

all kinds, fruit, potatoes, vegetables, on—

ions, meat, nuts and ccreals. From this

consideration it will therefore be seen

that the Nomid system ins a wide range

of usefulness.



Applicable to Organizations.



Although it is the purpose of this dis-

cussion to encourage the individual to

seek private customers, and these chap-

ters are written with that practical view

in mind, the. Nomid system is suited to

the use of organizations. In fact, the

greatest economy will probably be found

Where producers and consumers club to-

gethci‘ and move products in large quan-

tities. Among the many organizations

that have used, or may use, the direct

selling method are co-opcrative selling

and buying organizations, labor unions,

social clubs, church societies, community

associations, granges, farmers’ clubs,

gleaner societies, etc. In our complex

society, with the per capita of wealth so

large as it is, it is difficult to secure ef-

fective (to—operation except in certain

conditions which make it necessary, and

for this reason, the individual will prob-

ably be able to find a satisfactory mar-

ket more quickly by seeking private cus-

tomers alone than he will through or-

ganizations. However, when the pro-

ducer and the consumer learn that. they

have mutual interests, it will become

easier to effect co~operative efforts among

both. ‘



Greater Economy in Distribution.





That there is less expense attending

the sale of farm products by the Nomid

system than by the middleman method

is apparent after a careful analysis of

conditions. In the first place, farm pro-





 





DEC. 28, 1912. >.





ducts are produced in small quantities.





Under the ordinary system of selling, ‘





these small quantities are collected into

larger stores by some local man. These

stores from Several communities are

again collected by a wholesaler, or brok-

er, to form a still larger stock which is

probably housed in some of the large

consuming centers. There the whole-

salers par-cel'out this large stock to re-

tailers who in turn, sell the goods to the

final consumer in small units again.

Throughout the course from the farm to





their final destination, the products are.





gradually deteriorating in actual value,

while the cost is rapidly increasing

through the many commissions exacted

by each person whose hands they pass

through, and also by the charges for

handling. On the other hand, where the

producer and consumer deal directly, the

goods are sent over the shortest possible

route whi‘ch not only decreases the time

they are in transit, but also affects, in

many instances, a considerable saving in

railroad charges due to the shorter car-

riage, although the- rate for the smaller

quantity may be higher than where large

amOunts are shipped. No commissions

are required where the goods are sent!

direct. An example will illustrate: An

eastern farmer sold a barrel of apples

for $2.25 on his trees; it cost 65 cents to

sort and barrel the fruit, and 85 cents

for freight charges, cart‘age, storage and

and labeling, and the middlemen receive

for their commissions, $3.75. The price

paid by the consumer was $7.50. The

producer and the consumer lived 35 miles

apart. Had this fruit been sent direct

to the consumer, the producer could have

charged $5.00 for the barrel of. apples,

which would have given him a satisfac-

tory margin, and the consumer could

have paid this price and all the freight

charges and yet saved $2.00 over the price

paid by the middleman method. .



Sixty-five letters received from farm-

ers in different loo‘alities within a radius

of 100 miles from a city of 500,000 inhab-

itant-s, showed the price paid to farmers

for eggs, to average 22 cents per dozen,

while the average retail price for eggs in

the city on the different dates borne by

the letters, was 38%, cents. Eggs ship-

ped to this same city from a distance of

110 miles cost three cents per dozen,

delivered at the door of the consignee in

12-dozen crates. It cost 10 cents to re-

turn the crate to the shipper.



To further illustrate the expensive

middleman system of distribution, ref-

erence is made to the work. of Benj. F.

Yoakum, a careful railroad financier, who

has made an extended study of the mar-

keting problem. Mr. Yoakum has used

the government’s crop statistics to Show

that the value of agricultural products

of the country in 1910 was nine billion

dollars. Assuming that one-third of this

product is used on the farm, which is

probably a very conservative estimate,

then six billion dollars.’ worth would be

sold by the producer. By careful inves-

tigation he has found that the final con-

sumer pays about thirteen billion dollars

for the products which the producer re-

ceives six billion dollars for. From this,

it appears that the farmergets on an av-

erage but 46 cents of every dollar which

the consumer pays. The work of Mr.

Yoakum appears to be conservative ac-

cording to the findings of the New York

State Food Investigating Commission

which, after a careful study of the ques-

tion, states that “the producer seems to

be receiving about 40 per cent of the re-

tail price.” iVith these wide margins, it

is apparent that there is opportunity for

economizing in the direct distribution of

the farm products under ordinary condi-

tions, at least.



The above findings are further substan-

tiated by general observation, which is

impossible of being reduced and put in

definite percentage figures, but which

nevertheless unerringly harmonizes with

a general fact. Wherever consumer and

producer meet and compare the: values

place-d upon products which the one uses

and the other produces, there arises,

without exception, exclamations upon

discovering the great margin between

the two. On the farm and in the streets

men are gradually coming to know that

the margin of profit-s going to the mid-

dlemen is too large, that the accommo-

dations which are offered by these men

are worth what is charged.





Quality of Goods Delivered.

' The consumer gets better goods for the





price'he pays under the Nomid system ..

than he does under the present indirect, "





system ’of distribution. There are sev-

eral things which work out this result.

Under the direct system the shipper

realizes that he will be held responsible





for the grade of goods he sends. He‘can- "





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DEC. 28, 1912.





not shift the responsibility for packing

second grade apples with fancies. If he

seeks to pawn off a lower grade of butter

for a high grade he will suffer in losing

his patrons. Again, where the grower

knows the consumer he is more particu-

lar than Where he is dealing entirely

with a stranger. or where his product

goes to some unknown person for con-

sumption, even though he may dispose of

it to a middleman whom he knows. In

the third place the goods reach the con-

sumer quicker. Take eggs, for instance.

The usual course is that they lay about

the country store for from a few days to

a. week. Another week is usually passed

before the centrallzer gets the eggs or

the country grocer ships them. A third

week elapses by the time they have got-

ten into the hands of the city wholesale

dealer and 'the eggs have grown t0'be-

fully four weeks old when the. retailer

passes them over the counter as “fresh"

eggs. They are perhaps as fresh eggs as

he is able to get them, but they taste

quite different from eggs sent direct from

the producer to the consumer to reach

him inside. of a few days or a week after

the first‘eggs in the crate were laid.

Again, it often happens that the retailers

get the poorer grades of a product after

all the good grades have been remove-d.

When the farmer sends goods direct, the

consumer has the product. before any

sorting of the best grades is dOne. These

are seme of the reasons for lthe consumer

getting better goods under the direct

system.

(COntinued next week).





THE GOVERNMENT SUIT AND THE

BUTTER MARKET.





All kinds of reports have bee-n current

since the filing of the suit of the federal

government against the Elgin Board of

Trade and the American Association of

Creamery Butter Manufacturers, com-

mented upon in the last issue. Doubt-

less a more correct understanding of the

proposition and its influences, whether

wholesome or otherwise, -will follow the

trial of this suit and as this is a propo-

sition of vital interest to a large propor-

tion of our readers we shall undertake

to follow closely and present such in-

formation as will enable them to make

correct deductions as the facts may be—

come apparent.



A preliminary investigation of the prop-

osition has resulted only in bringing out

the views of the.rival interests in the

Elgin board as voiced by their contem-

poraries outside of that organization,

which, as previously noted, consist of .big

manufacturing and the big selling inter—

ests in the butter trade. In order to

prepare the reader for a more full and

correct understanding of the situation as

it may develop, let us consider the Elgin

situation as represented by the claims of

the two interested classes as above

noted.



Early in the development of the pres-

ent day methods of manufacture, the

country round about Elgin was developed

along dairy lines and this became the

early center of creamery butter produc-

tion. Probably with an idea of adver-

tising that fact the Elgin Board of Trade

so-called, was organized, ostensibly as an

organization through which transactions

for butter could be carried on as tran-

sactions for the purchasing and Selling of

grain are carried on on the Chicago Board

of Trade. Membership in this body was

not limited, to the local interests in the

trade, but included men from Chicago and

many other points with like interests.

Unlike- other organizations, the custom

grew up of having a price or quotation

committee who fixed an official quotation

for butter each Monday, on which day

the board meets. This committee report-

ed to the board and its reports went as

to the market, unless objections Were re-

ceived and a vote taken. In this event

outside interests charged that the local

membership was padded to an extent

which enabled a voting control on this

and other points.



Regardless of whether the claim may

be substantiated in the government suit,

it appears that the suit is based upon

the claim that this machinery has been

used to manipulate the official quotations

Of‘ butter and the facts that may be

brought out in the suit will furnish the

public with more accurate knowledge up-

On the points involved. There is a very

general feeling among butter dealers that

there has been such manipulations in the

matter of quotations, the claim being

made that such 'quotations have been

fixed at the highest or lowest points in

the range of sales, instead of, at the point





-’representlng the maximum sales, as





THE' ‘MICHIGAN' “FARMER.





might best suit the big manufacturing

interests involved.



’The price fixed upon by the Elgin board

did not greatly influence the market in

big centers like New York and Chicago

where the price is regulated by the daily

trade. In other markets, among them

Detroit, the Elgin price largely governed,





'being shaded either way.in accordance





with wide market variations on the large

markets, especially in the lower grades

of butter. Also a great many. perhaps

a majority, of the oreameries throughout

the state, base the price of butter-fat on

the Elgin market for each week, making

a staple price during the week. With no

more accurate knowledge than is pos-

sessed by the other market interests

-whose general opinion has been above

expressed, there seemed to exist a feed-

ing on the part of creamery men who

are reasonably well posted that the Elgin

quotations have been on the whole a

good thing for the producing element of

the dairy industry, the idea being that

these weekly quotations have prevented

a forcing down of prices during periods

of accumulation and on the whole, been

a factor of stability in the market. The

Michigan Association of Creamery Man-

agers expressed themselves in favor of

using Elgin quotations for settling with

patrons for butter—fat, although the same

manufacturers have, of course, been

obliged to sell the bulk 0f their products

upon the open market where prices were

made wholly upon a competitive basis.



Thus may be outlined the» feeling on

this proposition among those who are in

a position to know most about it and yet

who are not on the inside of the true

situatiOn. So far as the immediate influ-

ence of this suit upon the butter market

is concerned it is somewhat problema-

tical. The decline in price has been

confined to the lower grades of storage

but‘ter, of which there is larger stock in

the country than was the case last year,

and may or may not have been precipi-

tated by the filing of this suit. Fresh

made creamery butter that will score ex-

tra or firstr in quality has maintained a

high price level, extra running around

'34 cents in Chicago. This quality of but-

ter is still retailer] in Detroit at 42 cents

per pound, showing too wide a spread in

price and favoring an increase in sales

of lower grades of butter and of butter

substitutes for general use.



Modern conditions haye practically forc-

ed the farmer out of the dairy manufac-

turing business. However. there still re—

mains an excellent opportunity to work

'up a direct trade in either first-class

dairy butter or in creamery butter which

can be secured at local creameries for

distribution to such a trade, as not a few

farmers are demonstrating at the pres—

ent time. This is a trade best suited to

those who live within driving distance

of the market, but can be profitably con-

ducted where shipments are made. It

is simply a question of whether the farm-

er has the time or the inclination to add

such a department to his business. In

case he has there is opportunity for the

making of a good profit on the time and

effort expendcd.





 





THE APPLE DEAL.





There has been no large improvement

in the apple trade. lTp to date prices

show very little change from those paid

in November. The delivery of this fruit

continued much later than usual. due to

the favorable weather that prevailed and

to the large amount of fruit produced in

the country. The heavy offerings have

made it difficult to clean up the markets

as early as the dealers have heretofore

with the result that prices show no gen-

eral upward tendency to date.



It is the belief of many that the size

0f the country’s crop for the past year

has been a little overestimated. Federal

crop reporters seem to share this belief.

It is concluded from general information

gathered from widely different sections

that much of the crop was allowed to

waste in the orchards in spite of the

reports that offerings of lower grades

upon the various markets were almost un-

precedented. Recent agitation of the ap-

ple industry has awakened many to give

greater attention to the crop and it is

certain that a larger percentage of gen-

eral farmers whp have orchards endeav-

ored this past fall to get their fruit to

the markets. This same agitation has

caused people to notice fruit wasting on

trees which possibly may account in part

for the notice given such waste in the

market press. It is certain, however,

that there was a big crop of apples in

this country, but probably not a record

one.



Consumers have developed an appetite





for the fruit. The lower prices that have

prevailed enabled many to put in apples

who are not in the habit of doing so

when quotations are higher. The con-'

sumption of 'those put in earlier natu-

rally creates a desire for more, which

desire, because‘of the cheapness of the

fruit, will to a large extent, be satisfied.

Thus it is predicted that there will be a

larger consumption of apples during the

next three months than in seasons when

the fruit is scarce and the price up.



If this larger consumption materializes

it should be a helpful influence in ad-

vancing quotations and if values follow

the usual course taken in a season like

the present, they will advance. But

careful students of the situation are not

so optimistic 0f any large change in val-

ues as are those who have only a general

knowledge of conditions. Cold storages,

east, west, north and south, now contain

an immense volume of apples that will

go onto the market as soon as the mar-

kets have cleared and prices show an

advance sufficient to bring them out.

Conservative men. therefore, look for a

fair advance in values later in the Win-

ter season but do not anticipate any

wide expansion as so frequently occurs

after a fall when values ruled low, much

of the fruit remained unharvested, and

people got the idea that they could be

liberal in the use of this health-giving

pome.



Prices in Chicago rule about steady

with the best kinds selling up to $3.75

per bbl. The usual price is between $2

and $2.50 per bbl. and this for fruit of

fairly good quality.





WHO GETS THE PROFITS?





 





But a few weeks ago cold storage eggs

were being sold from 30 to 45 cents a

dozen. Then the women of New York,

Philadelphia and Chicago started a cru-

sade and managed to sell eggs for 25 or

26 cents a dozen. Then the price drop-

ped in \i'ashingion to 22 centswthe low-

est 'price per dozen eggs have sold for in

December for many years. One of the

officials of the District of Columbia gov-

ernment is prepared to show Congress,

should there be an agitation for a cold

storage law, that eggs sold in VVashing-

ion last May for 13 cents a dozen were

marketed in Washington for 40 cents.

This information he received in an un-

usual way. A few days since he noticed

on an egg which he had purchased, the

name and address of a girl in \Visconsin,

Prompted by curiosity to know something

of the age of the egg, he wrote to the

address and received a reply stating that

it had been sold last May, the price be-

ing 13 cents a dozen. “The cost of ship-

ment to \Vashington," he stated, “could

not have been more than three or four

cents a dozen, and the charge for storage

probably not more than one cent a dozen.

This looks like a profit of about 20 cents

a dozen on eggs that had been in cold stor-

age six months.. Who reaped the profit?

If Congress could ascertain the answer

to that question it might get some new

light on the high cost of living problem."





MARKET ITEMS.



There is much opposition on the part

of those who retail fruits and vegetables

in cities of Massachusetts -to the law re-

cently enacted by the legislature of that

state providing for the use of scales in-

stead of measures for selling from wag-

ons. Retailers will petition the legisla-

ture to amend the law so that sales may

be made by dry measure or by numerical

count as well as by weight. It is evi-

dent that such an amendment would nul—

i'fy the measure which was made into law





to protect innocent purchasers against

unscrupulous dealers who were expert

in placing fruit or vegetables in the





measure so as to deceive the buyer as to

the amount purchased.



From the railroads handling the pro-

duce from Long Island it is estimated

that growers sent to New York and

Brooklyn this year about 70,000 tons of

potatoes and around 13,000 tons of cauli-

flower. A major portion of the cauliflow-

er is handled by the cauliflower associa-

tion of the island.



A bill has been passed by the United

States Senate providing for a division of

markets in the Department of Agricul-

ture. The measure. which was intro-

duced by Senator Hoke Smith, of Geor-

gia, is now before the House. It is hop-

ed that Congress will take steps to give

the fruit and vegetable men. as well as

other producers, reliable data regarding

crop conditions during the growing sea-

son that growers may have a satisfactory

opinion of the production of .any crop.

in which they may be interested.





 





. _. m. . . a...» .. w .m. oyuu-uwuh‘uum‘hw-f mantis





605‘





To Let on Shares.





Good chance, especially for man who wishes

to educate his children. DAIRY FARM—bring-

ing in over per month-one mile from

Michigan Agricultural College-will be let on

shares to right party. If interested give full

particulars as to family. experience, etc.





Address Box 180, East Lansing, Mich.

To llent 0n Shares From March 1,1913





The Dearing farm of 100 acres, 6 miles west Jackson.

H) rods north of M. U. R. station (Dearing road): 800d

house. barns. tool house and sheds, cement basement

with im roved stanchons for cows; will leave small

herd ful -blcod Guernsey cows on place.



Wanted—A good man with team and tools that is

familiar with the care of good cows.



L & WOOD.

Per H.— P. Bearing, Aunt, R. No. 5. Jackson, Michigan.





HRMS Allll FARM lAIlIIS

Fllli SALE Illi EXBHANEE .





13] Acre: improved productive farm. Near town.

on macadamized road. Bargain. Only

835 per acre. 1". . RAND, Chase City, Va. l





—160 h ’

1‘03 SILE o...“°§2:.ffi°£§%.‘¥l€mf’iii lia‘i‘fiiil;





(17)





 





 





 





from Railroad. Ohurc and School. $10 per acre.



JOHN M. SMITH, Manger. Michigan.

F0“ SAL —142-a. Jackson Co. Farm. beat

of BOll, best of location. best. of





markets. -2 miles from Rives Junction. 9 miles from



Jackson. 100 rods from electric line. Must be sold



to close an estate. Price 860 per acre.



W. E. ECKERSON. Executor, Riva. Michigane.

' and unim rowed lands in Delaware



FOI'IIII Falm: diversifl farmln . live stock. d8.-





licious fruits and ideal homes. or information

address. State Boar-dict: Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.

money in buying a.





UUR FARM ”8 m... an...“





MICHIGAN FARM HOME 00.. Greenville. Mich:





Virginia River Farm 4

175 acres; 100 rich bottom. 6-room house. good

barn one mile of electric line, 5 miles of Rich.

mend. ()nly svsmoo. Terms. send for free list.

700 Form Bargains.



CASSELMAN 6: COMPANY. Richmond. Va.





OUR NEW YORK FARMS





Cost less, grow bi ger crops and earn more mcne

than your home arm, Come and see for yoursel .

For descriptive list address . l". MoBURNEY

& 00., Fisher Building, Chicago. Ill.





 





saves you time and:





 





 





 





when you can buy

the Belt Land in

Michigan at from

87 to an acre

near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for mo and pu-





tlculars. Clear title and easy terms. 8 old 13:09.,

(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg. Saginaw. W. S. Michigan.





_W wt

FARMS WANTED ”assassinate;-

scribing property. naming lowest gins. We help buy'





ere locate desirable roperty FRE American Invest'

ment Association. Pa ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn-





 





—120 ACRES. One of the

Farm ‘or sale best farms in Michigan.

20 acres of land'contammg buildings. located within

the corporate limits of the village of 000 ersvllle.

All improved tilloble land A splendid ocution.

For price and particulars write to '





HENRY J. LAKE. Coopersvillc. Michigan.

Literature will be so to any-

one mterested in the ends:-



ful Sacramento Valley. the



richest valley in the world.

Unlimited opportunities. Thousands of acres available at

right. priccs. The place for the man wantiugshome in the finest

climate on earth. Write to a public organization that gives

reliAbie information.





ssh-szrgniiif‘CALIFORNIA





Macomb County Fa rms.





120 ‘ near Romeo, 7 A. orchard, 25 A, timber, all

- level. good drainage. ll-room house, 36:40

barn. 18x24 cow barn other good buildings. 1% mi.

from electric, only per A.

160 ‘ near Romeo. 4 A. orchard, 10 A. timber. all

- level clay and gravel loam soil, lO-room house,

38:65 barn. other good buildings, windmill and tank

19 A. wheat, 7 A. ryoJl'l A. fall plowing, 17 A. seeded:

all good. only 80%” A. Come and see me at. once.

FRANK . PERRY, Romeo, Michigan.





BRIGGS, THE HIIMQMIII, Em ll! Then:

1 i l‘ . - .

Eldén‘l; Egii’er 03(1):?) builgyllrgs. gIIStternFflElnggil-illl

' R h to. l d ' ' 00d

70 A. giggm £3,113; lirne ggringswgt‘gxl-fxl‘igip mt gal-n:

2‘3335‘13342‘360 with??? th‘ddérlshfil 9“”9‘

131.13.. Detroithain 1700 ' ' ‘ “88m





A Money-Making Farm.





Splendid modern New York farm, fine buildings, 163

acres excellent land. well located on main road

convenient to creamery. stores. high school. mail

delivered. telephone; 126 acres rich loam fields. nearly

level, 25 acres oprln -watered pasture. remainder

timber;‘2-st.ory 9-room ouse, bath. hot. and cold water

three big hi roof basement barns, running water:

silo, two pou try houses, ‘5-room tenant house: to close

immediately 370(1) takes it and 2 horses. 18 high grade

cows, wagons, machinery, tools. etc.. thrown in if

takenuiow. ens terms. Picture of buildin and

travelm directions page 58. "Strouts Farm atalog

35,"2nd dltion co yfree. New York's farm products

as 1* race. as estima- Wm

. . . n1

Building, Pittaburg. Pa. on Bank





FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN





The Nation’s

Garden Spot-





'nul' GREAT mm and TRUCK

GROWING SECTION—

along the





Atlantic Coastline





RAILROAD





in Virginia, North and South Carolina. 1





CA...__,__ _m. _.





Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to

WILBUR McCOY.



A. dc I. Agt. for Florida.

. Alabama. Georgia, ,

Jacksonville. Fla.





E. N. CLARK.

A. a l. Agt. for Virginia

and the Carolinas.

Wilmington, N. C.





 





 





 





 





 





Mention the Michigan Former '

when writing to advertisers.
,rectn'ess of the quotations





606 mi





YWWNWVVE

Realizing the importance to our readers

of reliable market quotations we spare

no trouble or expense to insure the cor-

in our col-

representatives at all

leading market centers insure the sub-

scriber accurate market reports, unin-

fluenced by any factor of trade. All duo-

tations are correct for the dates on which

they,are made.

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





December 24, 1912.

Wheat—The wheat market showed

rather unexpected strength the past

week. Regardless of a better outlook for

the settlement of the war in Europe

prices have st'eadily advanced since a

week ago. This strength is due largely

to home conditions. In spite of heavy

receipts that have arrived at primary ele-

vators the visible supply last week show-

ed an actual decline. This is due to

heavy buying. Millers are finding an ex-

cellent demand for flour a0 present and

are therefore taking a. large quantity of

cash grain. It is also believed that the





umns. Special





,Canadian crop has been overestimated

and that the farmers of that section will





l

l

l

l





l

l





i





l

l





‘with a. week ago.





l





not be able to support the bears to the

extent that was earlier anticipated. Ar-

gentine has experienced considerable bad

weather which will reduce the percent-

age of the higher grades of grain to come

from there. The European demand is

strong, especially from the continent. The

advance during the past week has

amounted to nearly five cents a bushel

for cash grain. One year ago the price

for No. 2 .red wheat was 961/20 pelr bu.

Detroit quotations are:





No. 2 No. 1 7, .

. Red. White. May. July.

Thursday . . . .1.07’7é 1.06%; 1.12 931,5

Friday . . . . . . .1.09% 1.081/2 1.13% 94

Saturday . . . . .1.09% 1.08%,» 1.131/2 94

Monday . . . . . .1.10 1.09 1.141/2 941/4

Tuesday ......1.10% 1.09% 1.14% 9414



Chicago, (Dec. 24).——N0. 2 red, $1.091,é





@11014; May, 92c; July, 885/80.



New York, (Dec. 24).-—N0. 2 red at

elevators, $1.08; May, 97@98c per bu.



Corn—This cereal occupies it slightly

stronger position than it did last week.

It is probable, however, that but for the

strength in wheat, the basis of corn deal-

ing would have remained about steady

A very good general

demand exists and offerings are mod-

erate. The visible supply shows an in-

crease of little over a million bushels.

Only a small volume of business is being

done on the local market. One year ago

the price for No. 3 corn was 63%0 per bu.

Detroit quotations are:





No.3 No.3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday ............... 49 50

Friday 49 50

Saturday ................ 49 50

Monday ................. 491/1, 501/4,

Tuesday 49 50





Chicago—No. 2 yellow, 481/2@49c; May,

490; July, 491940 per bu.



Oats.—-—F0r the first time in several

weeks this cereal has developed a weak

spot. Just why this should have oc-

curred is hard to say since the visible

supply shows a rather heavy decrease

the past week and ithe influence of an ad-

vancing wheat‘ and corn market should

help to bolster up prices. Nevertheless,

the local market shows a decline of 1c

from the price of a week ago. One year

ago the price for standard oats was 500

per bu. Detroit quotations are:





. ”THE MICHIGAN ”meme < ._





Hay.——Market rules from 50c@$1 lower

at Detroit and New York, but steady in

Chicago. Carlots on track, Detroit: No.

1 timothy, $15.50@16; No. 2, $14@14.50;

light mixed,_ $14.50@15; N0.‘ 1 mixed,

$13.50@14.



Chicago—Choice timothy, $19@20; No.





1, 16@17.50; No. 2 and N0. 1 mixed, $14

@15; No. 3 and No. 2 mixed, $10@13;

clover, $7@12.





New York—Market lower; standard,

$21 per ton; No. 1, $21.50@22.75; N0. 2,

$20@20.50.



Straw.—Car lot prices on wheat and

cat straw on Detroit market are $9@10

per ton; rye straw, $10@10.50 per ton.



Chicago—Wheat straw, $6.50@7;

straw, $7@7.50; rye straw, $7@8.50.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butlter.—Fan'cy qualities hold very firm

in all markets but the lower grades are

encountering strong competition from

storage offerings and from substitutes

Locally there has been no change in val-

ues during the week. Jobbing prices

in the Detroit market are: Fancy cream-

ery, 35c; firsts, 320; dairy, 22c; packing

21c per lb.



Elgin.——Mai‘ket firm at 34c.



Chicago—~94 firmer feeling is in evi-

dence here, although prices show little

change. Fancy stock sells readily at

quotations but there is a tendency to

shade the under grades. Quotations are:

Extra creamery, 34c; extra firs'ts, 31

@33c; firsts, 30@31-c; seconds, 26@27c;

dairy extras, 31c; firsts, 27c; seconds, 250;

packing, 12@22c as to quality.



Ncw York—Market firm with

creameries higher; other grades un-

changed to a trifle lower in some in-

instances. Creamery, extras, 37@371/2c;

firsts, 3260350; seconds, 2960310; thirds,

2761,1280; stat'e dairy, best, 32(034c; good

to prime, 28@3lc; common to fair, 23@

27c; packing, 22@23c us to quality.



Eggs.-—Demand generally good for fancy

qualities at“ former values. Lower grades

have been affected somewhat by heavy

selling of storage stocks in big markets.

At Detroit current offerings, candied,

and cases included, are quoted at 260, a.

loss of 4c since last week. Current re-

ceipts, candied, cases included, selling at

260 per dozen. '



Chicago.—Market firm with demand

largely confined to best new-laid stock

and superior grades of storage offerings.

Mixed receipts are slow sale. Miscel-

laneous lots, 19(1525c; cases included;

('aSt‘S returned, 18%(1)24%c as to quality;

ordinary firsts, 19@200; firsts, 24@241/_;c

per dozen.



New York—Market unsctltled, with un-

der grades sh'owing tendency toward low-

(‘r values. Fresh gathered extras, 35@36c;

extra firsts, 3361340; firsts, 29@32c; sec-

onds and lower grades, 25@28c; western

gathered whites, 30(i736-c.



Poultry.—Dctroit.hThe light supply of

dressed turkeys has given market a strong

tone, while chickens are weak and lower

because of heavy shipments. Geese Show

firmness at a. cent higher values. Dressed

—Spring chickens, 13@14c; hens, 12@13c;

old roosters, 10(rI)11c; turkeys, 21@24c;

ducks, 16((1‘190; geese, 14@15c per lb.

Live—Spring chickens, 13@13l/2c; hens,

1261/121/2c; N0. 2 hens, 9c; old roosters,

9((9100; turkeys, 17@ZOC; geese, 13@14c;

ducks, 15@16c per lb.



Chicago—Prices remain about

:with last week. Turkeys are

quickly at the quotations while

ens are slow and draggy.

{ions on live are: Turkeys, good

15c; Others, 10c; fowls, good, 11c;

chickens, 10%0; ducks, large, fat, 14c;

do., lndian runners, 12c; geese, full

feathered, 120; do., plucked, 8@100 per





pound.



New York.—.—Dressed stook firm and

a shade higher. Fresh killed western

chickens, 141/2@19c; fowls, 13@161/zc; tur-

keys, 20@24c per lb.



Cheese—Brick cream





oat





 





 





extra





steady

selling

chick-

Quota-

weight,

spring





‘and Michigan





r '\ NO- 3 flats quoted l‘ower; business fairly active.

Standard. White. Quotations: Wholesale lots: Michigan

Thursday " 37’“ \36 films, 16(w161/gc; New York flats, 181/2@

Friday 37 36 19c; brick creiim. 16%61M7c; limburger,

Saturday .“* 361/,» 351/2 171/26181/20: imported Swiss, 28@29c; do-

Monday , 36 35 mcstic Swiss, 21@22c; block Swiss, 191/2@

Tuesday . 36‘ 35 2023111)” lb. T i 1/(1 l' h d

a - ,, __ - r1 ‘ .v< icago.” wns are an. c llg er ue

33%)}2szfuci‘y 1:3Qééc2pegvgiltfi’ Eiff’ May, to temporary decline in 'supply. 'Othcr

gean5.~%i‘liisl mzirket isyfollowing it’s kinds plentiful and meeting a rfall‘\d‘e-

usual course by attracting very little at— menfl- Quotations: lWins, .1"1/2@“’C’

daiSies, 16(0161/20, young Americas, 16@





at present. While values in De-

troit have improved, those in Chicago

show a decline. There was a good yield

of beans last fall, but the quantity of fancy

stock is small, due to the inclement

weather which prevailed during the bar-

VQisting season. A more active market

is anticipated after the holidays. One

year ago the local price for cash beans

was $2.27 per bu. In Detroit cash and

other shipments are now quoted at $2.20

per bu.



Chicago—Hand-picked $23060

2.35; prime, $2.15@2.25; kidneys,

choice, $235,612.50 per bu.



Clover Seed.—This market continues

strong. Detroit. quo‘tations have not

changed while in Toledo a slight advance

is noted. There is a good demand for

clover seed with supplies ordinary. Tran-

sactions are in comparatively small quan-

tities.





tcntion





choicle,

red





Detroit—Prime spot, $11.30; alsike,

$12.60 per bu.

Toledo—Prime Spot, $11.47; March,





$11.55; prime alsike, $12.90 per bu.

Rye—No change has occurred here. the

market continuing' dull and steady. Quo-

tations are:

Detroit—Cash N0. 2 rye, 62c per bu.

Chicago—Cash No. 2 rye, 63%c per bu.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Flour.——Jobbing, lots in % paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.60; sec-

ond, $5.30; straight, $5.20; clear. $4.90;

spring patent, $5.10; rye flour, $4.80 per

bbl





 





H Feed—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-





b. sacks are as follows: Bran, $23;





coarse middlings, $23; fine middlings, $28;

cracked corn and coarse corn middlings,

$29; corn and oat chop, $20 per ton





161/2c; limburgcr, new, 15%,c; brick, choice

15(11151/2c per i .



Veal.—Detr0it.——Steady, fancy, 121/3617

131/.»(7 choice, 10((0110 per lb.



Chicagor—Quiet and easy under an in-

different demand. Fair to choice. 80(1)

110 lbs, 12((0121/2c: extra fancy stock, 13617

131/20; fair to good chunky, 10611111/20 per

lb.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—Detroit trade easy; prices re-

main unchanged. Detroit quotations are:

Baldwin, $2.2;i((172.50: Greening, $2.50@

2.75; Spy, $2.75@3; Steele Rod, $3fi>3.50.





Potatoes.——Detr0it.—Little improvement

is noted. The trade is dull, due to the

holidays. There is no change in values.





Michigan stock in car lots, 53c in sacks,

480 in bulk. '



Chicago—Market a shade easier, with

receipts lighter than a week ago and

prices lower. Fancy stock sold in bulk

as high as 400 and sacked at 450 on

IMonday. ‘



New York—Michigan offerings are find-

ing quicker sages than eastern grown

stock. \Vcstern offerings, 60@62c per bu.



Onions—Conditions are unchanged

with most’ of the important markets ov-

erstocked. . '



Detroit—55c per bu.



New York—Western, per crate, for

white, Weft/$1; 100-lb. bags red and yel-

lows, 60((0850.



Chicago.——V’Veak. Home-growu yellow,

3560400; fancy, 75c per 65-ib. sack.



Cabbage—Although this dleal is far

from satisfactory, there was some im-

provement at certain points. Chicago

especially, reports prices in advance of

last week’s quotations.



Detroit.-——Per bb1., $1@1.25.



Chicago—Holland bringing $7 per tan.-





Red cabbage is scarcer “and quoted at

$1.25@1.50 per bbl. Common kinds, 700

per bbl. ’





, MISCELLANEOUS.

WOol.—The business of the past week

was confined to the sales of small lots

which indicates that manufacturers are

not over-supplied. Fleece wools are in





excellent demand and limited supply.

Q notations:



Chicago—Medium, unwashed, 24@26c;

Egarse do., 21@23c; tubs, washed, 27@

-C.



~Boston.——Mich. fine., 20@21c; do., 9&-





blood, 28@29c; do. %-blood combing, 29@



30c per lb.; do., l[t-blood, 29@30c.

Provisions.——Ruling prices in Detroit



are steady with those of last week. Quo—





tations:



Detroit.—Family pork, $22@23; mess

pork, $19; clear, backs, $22@24; hams,

141/2@161,éc; briskets, 11@120; shoulders,

131/zc; picnic hams, 13c; bacon, 16@180;





pure lard in tierces, 11%c; kettle render-

ed lard, 121/20 per lb.

Chicago—Mess pork. Jan., $17.921/2;

lard do., $9.95; short ribs, do., $9.771,§.

Honey.—-Detroit.——Steady. Choice to

fancy comb, 16@17c; amber, 14@15c; ex-

tracted, 91/260100 per lb.





THE LIVE STOCK—MARKETS.





Buffalo.





December 23, 1912.

(Special Report or Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).

Cattle.



Receipts, 150 cars; market strong at

last week’s prices. A few choice loads

brought 10c higher than last week. Best

1350 to 1500-lb. steers, $8.75@9.25; good

to prime 1200 to 1300—11). do., $7.75@8.25;

good to prime 1100 to 1200-lb. do., $7.25@

7.75; coarse plainis-h 1100 to 1200-lb. do.,

$7@7.25; medium butcher do., 1000 to 1100

$625607; butcher steers, 950 to 1600, $6

((176.50; light butcher steers, $5.25@6.75;

best fat cows, $5.50@6; butcher cows,

$4.50@5; light buticher cows, $3.75@4.25;

cutters, $3.50@3.75; trimmers, $3.25@3.50;

best fat heifers, $7@7.50; medium butch-

er heifers, $5.75@6.25; light butcher heif-

ers, $4.50@5; stock heifers, $4604.25; best

feeding steers, $6.25@6.75; fair to good

stockers, $5@5.25; light common st‘ockers,

$4.25@4.50; prime export bulls, $6.25@

6.75; best butcher bulls, $5.50@5.75; bo-

logna. bulls, $4.50@5; stock bulls, $450605;

best milkers and springers, $65@75; com-

mon to fair kinds, $40@55.





 





Hogs.

Receipts, 90 cars; market 50 higher;

heavy, $7.65;





yorkers, $7.65@7.70; pigs.

$7.60@7.70. ,

Sheep and Lambs.





Receipts, 72 cars; market active. Top

lambs, $8.60@8.65; culls to fair, $55061)





8.25; yearlings, $5.50@6.50; wethers, $4.75

@5; ewes, $4@4.25.

Veal Calves.





St‘leady. T'ops, $10.50@11.25; fair to

good, $7.50@10; heavy, $4.50@6.50.

Chicago.





December 23, 1912.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ..... 10,000 28,000 25,000

Same day last year, Christmas Holiday.

Received last week...67,248 132,038 126,243

Same week last yezir.58,742 185,202 89,096



Christmas week starts off with a, re-

markably meager run of cattle, even for

the Monday preceding the great feast,

and buyers are tumbling over each other

to secure their shares, Iwhile prices are

away up, the advance averaging all of

25c. H'ogs, too, are higher, although their

rise is but 5@10c, with sales at $6.90@

7.50, the receipts being fair for this time.

Sheep and lambs are headed upward be-

cause of the moderate supply, particu-

larly of the better class of stock. and

lambs are called from 15@25c higher,

some prime lambs going at $8.25. There

will be no live stock markets Wednesday.

The hogs coming here are showing steady

decreases in average weights. The aver-

age last week was 219 lbs., against 228

lbs. three weeks ago, 214 lbs. a. year ago

and 224 lbs. tw-o yt’lzill‘Sl ago,



Cattle prices have had unusually big

breaks recently on account of greatly in-

creasing supplies at a time‘ when the

general demand was very poor, and sales

were made last week of beef steers 75c@

$1.50 per cwt. below prices paid on the

opening day of the- previous week, with

the biggest fall in fat beeves. Sales were

largely at $6.75@8.50, with Monday sales

up to $9.50@9.85 for strictly prime lots

and no sales above $9.25 by \Vednesday.

While dealers had been fearing that low-

er prices were coming, such a shaking

up in a short time had not been gener-

ally anticipated, and it is highly probable

that it will serve to stimulate premat‘ure

marketing of half fattencd stock by

stockmcn, thereby increasing the demor-

alization and at the same time cutting

severely into the future supply of ma-

tured beeves. However, owners of cattle

that are fattening well should consider

carefully before deciding to cut loose, for

where the cattle were bought right, with

cheap food, they should make fair profits

by holding until fut, although it may not

pay to wait until the cattle become ex-

tra, heavy. The cheaper steers fed on

grass sold at- $5.40@7.20, while short-fed

lots brought $7.25@8. Butcher stock was

decidedly lower in price, although the

decline was not nearly so marked as in

steers. Cows and heifers for the butcher

trade went at $4.20@7.50, with not much

doing above,$6.50, while cutters went at

$3.65@4.15, canners at $2.60@3.60 and

bulls at $4606.75. The smallest decline in

any class of cattle took place in stock-

ers and feeders of a desirable kind, there

eing a good demand. Stockers sold for

$4.40@6.85 and feeders carrying good

weight for $6.40@7.75, while feeding heif-

e'rs were salable at $4.75@5.25. Calves

were active at lower prices, selling at $4

@10 for the poorest: to the best, and

milch cows sold moderately at $40@90

each. Fancy heavy beeves showed up

after Monday, and it was thought some

would have brought around $9.75@9.85.

Few cattle of that kind are left in feed—

ing districts.



Hogs had rallies at timeslast week,

but», the undertone was bearish . on the





DEC. ‘28, 1912.





whole, and sales took place at the lowest

quotations recorded in a, p‘eriod of nine

months. The receipts were usually up to

most expectations in number and qual-

ity, and the continued small eastern ship-

ping demand enabled the local packers to

hold prices down. Prime barrows of

strong weights sold the. highest, being the

favorites with buyers, while the besu lots

of hogs that tipped the scales around 185

to 195 lbs. went about 10c below the best

heavies. Pigs arrived in good numbers,

hog cholera in Iowa and other states

tending to force many lots on the mar-

ket. The hogs arriving were all wanted

by slaughterers, as there is a very large

consumptive demand for cured hog meats

and lard, while the daily sales of fresh

pork products are enormous, largely be-

cause they are decidedly the cheapest

meats offered for sale at a time when

beef remains extremely high, despite the

slump in price-s for live cattle of all kinds.

At the close of the week hogs brought

$6.85@7.40, compared with $6.95@7.45 a

week earlier, with sales of pigs at $5.50

@690, of stags at $7.30(a}7.60 and of boars

at $3@4, throwout packing sows bringing

$6.25@6.85. .



Sheep and lambs sold at very high

prices last week as compared with a few

weeks ago and a year ago, although in—

creased receipts early in the week

brought about largely by the boom in

values a week earlier enabled buyers to

force some sharp decline-s all along the

line. As usual, lambs of a. good finish

and of the suitable weights sold much

the most readily and at a big advance

over anything else in the live mutton

line, and feeder lambs, because of their

scarcity and strong demand, held their

ground well after a little weakness, sell~

ing as high as before. The range ship~

ping season is closed, but numerous flocks

of range stock that had been placed in

railroad feeding stations for finishing have

been showing up in the market recently.

It is perhaps needless to remind sheep-

men that because of. the greatly reduced

numbers of sheep and lambs in feeding

districts this winter, there is a fine

chance for owners to make substantial

profits on finished fiocks. At the close of

the week lambs sold at $5.50@8.15, being

50@750 lower than a week earlier, but

feeder lambs were higher, Selling at $6.60

@750. Moderate declines were recorded

in some of the sheep and yearlings, the

former going at $535607, while wethers

brought $4.50(I_lx5.25, ewes, $3@4.50 and

bucks $3603.50.



Horses had but a limited sale last week,

there being a small number of buyers in

attendance, and aside from a demand

for a few animals of the better class at

well maintained prices because of the

scarcity of such horses, trade was drag-

gy at easy values. The cheaper class of

horses went on the basis of $75@125, with

a better class offered at $150@200, while

limited numbers of a higher class sold

between $200 and $2.60. Once in a while

a Percheron sells at $275@300. and a.

short time ago a pair of gray grade Per-

cheron geldings that weighed 3,850 lbs.

were taken by an eastern buyer at $725.

A real revival in business is scarcely

probable before the‘middle of February.





LIVE STOCK Mas.





 





While beef cattle of every description

-from cannei‘s and cutters up to strictly

prime finished corn-fed beeves of heavy

weights, are still commanding very much

higher prices than in former years, there

has taken place. .i marked change in gen-

el‘ill conditions recently and the bloom is

off, at least so far as the former great

strength in prices for the choicer cattle

is concerned. The packers have‘within

a short time put a damper on prices for

choice to extra beef cattle, while paying

a great deal more attention to the cheap-

er class of steers, cows and heifers that

can be converted into comparatively low-

priced cuts of beef. Probably the worst

feature of the market is the prevailing

tendency of the retailers of meats to

maintain high prices irrespective of

whether the market. for live cattle is up

or down, and irreparable injury is being

done to the cattle trade in this manner,

causing the average. family to substitute

cheaper merits for beef.





Hogs have had some pretty hard

bumps since the downward course of

prices began some months ago, recent





sales in western markets having been

made at the lowest prices recorded in

nine months. Should the receipts be well

maintained, there is no telling how much

lower prices may go, as there is but a

small eastern shipping demand most of

the time. _



A short time ago E. J. Skaife, one of

“'isconsin’s best fatteners of sheep and

lambs, appeared on the Chicago market

With a shipment of a double-deck 01f

cliOice fed wcstern lambs that tipped the

scales at 81 lbs. and found a purchaser

at $8.25 per 100 lbs. The fiock was of

ldaho breeding, bought on the Chicago

market about ten weeks previously at an

average weight of 63 lbs, and costing

$6.90 per 100 lbs. The shipment was the

first made from a band of about 1,000

head the owner is now feeding, and the

lambs were marketed after the shortest

fecd Mr. Skaife has ever made. He is

a persistent market topper, living in a.

part of the state of \Visconsin where

many lambs are fed every winter. He

said there are about 12.000 lambs feeding

ai‘Ound Livingston, being a few more

than were fattened last Winter. The

lambs be: marketed were run 0n grass

the first four weeks after coming into

his possession, and run on rape pasture

and in a corn field the last six weeks.



The continual marketing of good breed-

ings cows and heifers at a period when

every breeder should be kept back to as-

sist in restoring the. beef supply to nor—

mal proportions is a disagreeable feature

of the cattle trade, as is the marketing

of large numbers of excellent bool’ calves

that sh0uld'be held until they become

finished beef cattle.



George Pratt, for many years the head

of the Chicago hog buying Armour & Co.

force, predicts a drop in hogs this win-

ter to a $7 basis. Many farmers are un-





loading llheir cattle holdings and selling,»





their young hogs at the same time.
I lent cows.





, raisins THE LAST EDITION.

l. V. ‘ N.“



In the first. edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markem are_right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Livia Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is nailed Thursday, the last elu-

tlon Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper-earl than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit e Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a. card to that eiIect.





 





DETROlT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday's Market.

December 26, 1912.

Cattle.





Receipts, 494. Bulls and canners steady;





other grades 10@25c higher than last

week.

We quote: Extra dry—fed steers, $7.50





@8; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $6.75

@150; do. 800 to 1000, $6@6.75; do that

are fat, 500 to 700, $4.25@5; choice fat

cows, $5.50; good do, $4.25@4.75; common

cows, $3.75@4.25; canners, $3@3.50; choice

heavy bulls, $5.50@5.75; fair to good bo-

lognas, bulls, $4.75@5.25; stock bulls, $3.75

@425; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000,

$5.50@6.50; fair feeding steers. 800 to 1000

$565.50; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $5@

5.26; fair do., 500 to 700, “@475; stock

heifers. $4@4.50; milkers, large, young,

mediiqio‘m age, $45@75; common milkers,





Haley & M. sold Thompson Bros. 4 cows





av 921 at $3.60, 15 butchers av 702 at

$4. , to Mason B. Co. 16 do av 800 at

$5.15; to Sullivan P. Co. 10 do av 854 at





to Breitenbeck 6 cows av 870 at

$3.90; to Bresnahan 4 do av 1017 at $3.85,

7 cows av 900 at $4.25.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Goose 10 butchers

av 477 at $4.25, 19 do av 380 at $4.40: to

Thompson Bros. 2 do av 810 at $3.50, 6

do av 1050 at $4.50, 4 steers av 1100 at

$5.50; to Parker, 11’. & Co. 17 butchers av

700 at $4.65; to Newton B. Co. 2 bulls av

1150 at $5.25, 4 COWS av 850 at $4, 2 do av

900 at $3.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 7 do av

950 at 83.40, 1 heifer weighing 790 at

$6.25, _1 bull weighing 1190 at $5.50, 1 steer

weighing 1000 at $7.50; to Nagle P. Co.

18 cows av 750 at $4.



Roe Com. Co. sold Thompson Bros. 10

butchers av 562 at $4.85, 2 steers av 1085

at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. S cows av 852

at $3.60.



Young sold Mich. B. Co. 5 steers av 914

at $6.75, 2 do av 685 at $5.50.



Adams sold same 2 cows av 920 at

$5.25, 2 steers av 900 at $6.59.



Sandail sold Bresnahan 7 cows av 924

at 33.50.



Spicer & R. sold Mich. B. Co. 3 cows

av 900 at $3.60, 1 heifer Weighing 1060 at

$7, 1 bull weighing 1160 at $5, 1 do

weighing 620 at $4.50; to Kamman B. Co.

1 do weighing 1400 at $5.75, 1 do weighing

710 at $4.50, 2 heifers av 840 at‘ $5; to

Rattkowsky 1 cow weighing 1000 at $4. 3

do av 820 at $4; to Brown 5 do av '876

at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 13 butchers av

88 at $5, 4 cows av 920 at $3.75.





Veal Calves.



Receipts, 208. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best, $9.50@11: others, $4

@750; milch cows and springers strong.



Bishop, B. & H. sold McGuire 12 av 135

at $10.50, 2 av 130 at $8, 5 av 125 at

$10.50; to Goose 1 weighing 120 at" $10.50,

.1 weighing 230 at $5.50: to Goose 12 av

150 at $8; to Mich. B. Co. 1 weighing 140

at $10.50, ‘7 av 140 at $10; to Sullivan P.

Co. 3 av 160 at $6. 4 av_145 at $11, 3 av

140 at $10.50; to Thompson Bros. 12 av

120 at $7.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 av

120 at $9.60, 1 weighing 390 at $6.50, 2 av

155 at $10.50; to Parker, TV. & Co. 1

weighing'120 at $10.



Youngs sold Burnstine 3 av 150 at

$10.50.



Sandal] sold Mich. B. Co. 13 av 130 at

$9.25, 2 av 255 at $4.50.



Kalaher sold same 2 av 120 at $0.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 1,835. Market 25ng 500 higher

than last week. Best lambs, 5582560850:

fair to good do., $7.50@8; light to common

lambs, $4.50@5.50; fair to good sheep, $3

@4; culls and common. $2.75fi3.25.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nugle 1’. Co. 125

lambs av 65 at $7.50. 23 do av 68 at $7.75,

12 sheep av 90 at $3, 8 do av 115 at $3;

to Thompson Bros. 19 do av 110 at $3.50,

5 do av 120 at $3.50; to Chapman 5 do av

75 at $2.50. 129 do av 75 at $3.50: to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 13 sheep and yearlings av

120 at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 20 lambs av

47 at $5; to Chapman 18 sheep av 105 at

$3.50; to Parker, W. & CO. 5 do av 75 at

$2, 43 lambs av 67 at $8; to Sullivan P.

Co. 2 sheep av 105 at $3. .



Hogs.

None- sold up to noon;





Receipts, 1935.





‘looks 20@30c higher than last: Thursday.





Range of prices: Light to good butch—

ers, $7.40@7.50; pigs, $7@7.10; light york-

ers, $7.25@7.35; stags one-third off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, TV, & Co.

507 av 200 at $7.55, 410 av 180 at $7.50,

250 av 150 at $7.45.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 14 av

150 at $7.40, 17 av 180 at $7.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold same 193 av 190

at $7.55.



Spicer & R. sold same 60 av 140 at $7.40.



Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

:10 av 200 at $7.55. 110 av 180 at $7.50,

100 av 140 at $7.40.



Haley & M. sold same 160 av 200 at

$7.55, 460 av 180 at $7.50, 240 av 150 at

$7.





 





Friday’s Market.

December 20, 1912.





Cattle.

,Receipts , week. 2,473; last week.

2,378. Matte steady at Thursday’s

, prices We quote: Extra dry-fed steers





$15063; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200,

36.756715; do. 800 to- 1000. 6@6.75; do.

that are fat, 500 to 700. $4.25 4.75; choice

$5.59@5.76': good do, $4.25@5;

40., 33.5004} cannot-s, ‘$3@3.50;





 





 

 





 





 





choice heavy bulls. 55.5066; fair to good

bologna bulls, $4.50G5; stock. bulls, $3.75

64.25; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000,

$5.50@6.60; fair do., 800m 1000, $5@5.50;

choice stookers, 500 to 700, $5@5.50; fair

stockers, 500 to 700, “@475; stock heif-





ers, $3.75@4.25; milkers, large, young,

medium age, $45@70; common milkers,

$30@40.





Veal Calves

Receipts this week, 722;

644. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices. Best, $10@11.50: others, $4.50@

9.50. Milch cows and springers steady.

Sheep and Lambs.





last week,





Receipts this week, 7,575; last week,

9.375. Market steady at Thursday's

prices. Best lambs, $7.75@8; fair to good

lambs, $7.25@7.60; light to comm-0n do.,





$4.50@5; fair to good sheep, $3@4; culls

and common, $2.75@3.



Hogs.



Receipts this week,



12,948. Market 50 higher than on Thurs-

day. Range of prices: Light to good

butchers, $7.20@7.25; pigs, $6.90@7; light

yorkers, $7.10@7.15.





7,352: last week.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





A Missouri farmer is breeding deer for

the: market, and sells them to parks, cir~

cusses and private individuals. The de-

mand exceeds the supply, and fawns sell

for $50@75‘per pair, while adults bring

$756285 per pair.



The sensational smash-up in prices for

cold storage eggs has been well adver-

tised throughout the entire country, the

cause being mainly the recent abolition

of the price committees by the Chicago

Butter and Egg Board and the Elgin

Board of Trade. These commercial bod-

ies were moved to take this step because

of threatened prosecution by the federal

government for maintaining a trust.

Enormous quantities of eggs placed in

storage last April have been dumped on

the market by spaculative holders, caus-

ing such big drops in prices as to result

in severe losses. Recent sales have been

made in the. Chicago market of April

eggs at 161,40 and 170 per dozen, these

eggs having cost owners eight months

ago 22 to 23c per dozen at wholesale. The

cost of storage has amounted to $1.20 per

case, and the decrease in the market

price has reached $1.65 per case, making

a cotal loss of $2.85 per case. According

to the last official report of the VVaI‘ev-

house Association of Chicago to the Chi-

cago Butter and Egg Board, there were

at that date 1,690,000 cases of April eggs

in its houses in Chicago, New York, Phil-

adelphia and Kansas City, most of the

holdings being owned in Chicago. It is

estimated that owners have lost by the

slump in prices approximately $4,821,000.

Fresh eggs are affected sympathetically,

but they still come high, recent miles at

wholesale having been made at 30c per

dozen for the best.



Curiously, while the cattle feedingdis-

tricts are nearly all the time shipping

large numbers of half finished and warm-

edup cattle to market that should be

kept on the farm for considerably longer

periods, there is most of the time a large

demand in Chicago and other western

markets fer feeders to return to the

country, and the inference from this is

that there- are a great many farmers who

are not in the habit of carrying on the

cattle feeding industry according to

strictly business principles. The demand

has been running much more strongly on

the better class of feeders than was the

rule several weeks ago, and it is known

that many farmer—stockmen have awak-

ened t0 the fact that there is a big short-

age of cattle» in most feeding districts

and that good money will be made by

carrying on the business correctly. Choice

stock steers and feeders 0f good breed

and carrying considerable flesh are

bringing much higher prices than in most

former winters, but they are really offer-

ed at reasonable figures us compared with

the ruling prices for finished beef cattle.

The- only matter of doubt is as to wheth—

er large margins of profit will prevail by

the time when these cattle are ready to





CLAY,





 





 





THE ~ MICHIGAN .PARMER.‘





be returned to market as fat beeves, and

this doubt is,all that holds many farm-

back from refilling their feed lots. The

feed end of the businws is easy enough,

for there is everywhere 8. superabundance

of cheap feed, and with a bumper corn

crop and low prices, the time would ap-

pear to be propitious for feeding live

stock, provided the stock does not cost

what looks like an exorbitant figure. At

any rate, there are numerous stock feed—

ers of many years’ experience who show

their absolute faith in the industry by

feeding/the usual numbers of cattle, with

hogs to follow.





VETERINARY.





(Continued from— page 594).





chew boards and rubbish? These cows

are fed ensilage, corn fodder, beet tops

with ground oats and peas mixed. _ .

M., Charlevoix, Mich.—~Mix.together equal

parts powdered sulphate iron, ground

gentlan, ground ginger, powdered catechu

and bicarbonate soda and give her a ta-

blespoonful or two at a dose in feed three

times a day. Feed 3. good quality of cats

and timothy, Give your cows 3. dessert—

spoonful salicylic acid and two table-

spoonfuls bicarbonate soda and two ta-

blespoonfuls of charcoal at a. dose in

feed three times a day; also salt them

well.



Septic Infection—I have a. cow that

aborted last August which I milked for

a while, but as she did not give enough

to make her profitable for dairy purposes,

1 concluded to fatten her, but she fails to

lay on flesh.. W. J. B., Howell, Mich.—

Give her 1,4,. oz. powdered nitrate potash,

1 oz. ground gentian, 11/2 drs. ground nux

vomica and 1 oz. of ground ginger at a

dose in feed three times a day. She

should be kept in a comfortable stable,

well fed and not allowed to exercise

much. .



Heifer Fails to Come in Heat—I have

a heifer that has not yet come in heat

and I would like to know what can be

done for her. R. P., Fenton. Mich—Ma—

nipulating her ovaries by hand would

perhaps induce her to come in beat, this

is done by introducing hand in rectum

and the other hand into vagina to place

overaies in a position so that they can

be reached. In a, heifer that is young

and small; this can only be done- by a

person with small hands and in some

cases cannot be done at all. If she is

a twin calf and other was a male, she

will never breed.





Goitre.——About five months ago I notic-

ed a small lump in my dog’s throat; but

I did not give it much attention. I am

told that it is a case of gnitre and that

he should have treatment. C. F. M.,

Capac, Mich.—If your dog weighs 35 or

more pounds give him 5 gr. doses of po-

tassium iodide two or three times a. day

and take good care of him.



Dairy Question—I recently purchased

a. six-year-old cow due to freshen on

Jan. 9, 1913, and she is giving six quarts

of milk a day, but of a poor quality for

it is strong and bitter. This cow is fed

good clover hay with ground corn, oats

and bran added. and I cannot understand

why she should not give good milk for





 





 





(I!)





607





she does not appear to be sick. W. 0..

Battle Creek, Mich—Your cow should

have been dried just as soon as she be-

gan to give milk of poor quality. Give

her 1 oz. cooking soda and 1 oz. hyposul-

phite of soda at a dose in feed three

times a day. '



Cough.——Nearly one-half of .my hogs

are troubled with a cough which first

appeared some two months ago. H. C.

H., Middleviile, Mich—Your hogs died

the result of pneumonia. The others

have only a. cold affecting mucus mem-

brane of air passage, and will be bene-

fited by giving equal parts of powdered

licorice, ground ginger and murlate am-

monia. One-half of a teaspoonful at a

dose to each hog that weighs 75 lbs. or

more. The medicine should be given two

or three times a. day.





sPRAYERs





For large or small orchards. market

gardens. potato farms, grain, cotton.

coo. home and garden work.

poultry plants, whitewashing.

deaning,cold water painting,

etc. From Bucket, Knapsack

and Barrel Sprayer: to

Truth)»: and 9°-

1 and 250 gallon

war Sprayer:—

complete or in part

to bu i l d u p

Sprayers al -





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   

 





c o n 05 i on .

Unit Sprayers, so

you can build big-



er when necessary.

Asfi





 





   

   

 





 





 

 





ready in use. your dealer to Show

40 co m — them and write for new

13 i n I - booklet. “Spraying Vina.

tions. Tree: and Burk“, " We also

make full line potato machines.

garden tools, etc.





 





0





Bciemn M’f’g Co.

303 1044





   





N. J.





 





 





Farmer or Farmer's





with ‘ ' evuwantytoinuo- Son

mzdmdFs ”$513; F



' . mew.

0nemnmcdc$9mweek We nudism}

mandwmlemieyour Ry. Willem.





Shore-Hull'CmDepLGJ, CedarlnpidsJown





We Want HAY &. STBAW





We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey's Sons Co.





PITTSBURG, PA.





Reference, Washington Trust Company. or myhonk in City





HA





 

 





 

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





—Ship your carioad lots to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..

Detroit. - Michigan.





 





PLOW DEEP FOR THE DOLLAR§





With the LEADER TRACTOR you will plow deeper and better and

bring up the sell never turned over before.

Deep plowmg Will double the yields of your

crops and unearth a MINE OF GOLD that vnll

gut into your pockets and bring you smiling prosperity.

acres mtenseiy_fanned or 160 acres fanned in the

regular manner Will quickly justify the purchase of a

LEADER TR

the entire cost in a, little over 13 mont s.

were sold.

work was done that he actually saved its cost in that

He also had better crops.

i‘ou can do With a LEADER. Write for "The Book of

arm Power? today. Right now. how

you can do it on your farm. .





LEADER ENGINE 00.,





 





time.





 





 





ACTOR. One man farmin 150 acres saved

Four horses





One man less was required. and so much

What he has done.





Letustellyou





 





Wealthy St, S. w., Grand Rapids, J





 





 





Consign Us Your

Cattle, Hogs and Sheep





 





RDIINSDN





 





_ Send Us Your Orders for

Feeding Cattle or Sheep





 





 





& 80.





[WE smell coumssmn





Chicago

Kansas City





East Buffalo

So. St. Joseph





 





East St. Louis

So. Omaha
608





(30);





 





 





Mayer





/~ . Honorbilt

are the only school

shoes made with double

leather toes. The

seams are sewed with





two extra rows of

stitching. The upper

leather is extra strong, and

the sole leather is the





   





 





toughest obtainable. They

wear like iron—give

double the wear of aver-

age school shoes.





HONORBI LT

SCHOOL SHOES





are made with special regard

to the fit and comfort of

growing children—fit perfect-

ly and are handsome looking,

Your school shoe money will

last longer if you buy Mayer

Honorbilt Shoes.





If your dealer cannot supply

you, write to us.





WARNING-Be sure and look



for the Mayer name and trade



mark on the sale.

We make Mayer Honorbilt Shoes in all

styles for men,women and children; Dry-

sox, Yerma Cushion Shoes, and Martha

Washington Comfort Shoes.

FREE—Send name of dealer who

does not handle Mayer Honor-hilt:

Shoes—we will send you free,

postpaid, beautiful 15x20 picture

of Martha or George Washington.





F. Mayer Boot &. Shoo 425.

Milwaukee.

fiHONORBILT





; Ollll OPPORTUNITY





ls NOW In the Province of





SASKATGIIEVIAH

Western Ganada





Do you desire to et. a. Free

Homestead of 1 0 Acres of

that well known Wheat Land!

The ares is becoming more lim-

ited but no less valuable.



New Districts have recently

been opened up for settlement,

and into these railroads are now





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 





A Swift; Current. Saskatchewan farmer

writesz— Icame here on my homestead.

'. March, 1906, with about 01000 worth of

,, .- horses and machinery, and just 835 in cash.

Today I have 900 acres of wheat. 300 acres

or oats. and 60 acres of flex." Not bad for





 





may be done in Western Canada. in M

. i' toshesgutkatchewsnfi' Albfrta. Me.



n a. once or tors. are, ps.Raii-

way Rates. etc" to





2. 3 M. v. MclNNES,

\ 176 Jefferson Ave, Detroit, Mich





4





l or Address. Superintendent of Immigration

1 Ottawa, Ont., Canada





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AKES AND BURNS

M ITS OW?” GAS ty‘

hter than elcc city or ace ene.

Cgreizsper than kerosene]. No rt, grease

not odor. Overzoo nty es.

Wanted. Write for catalog.

A‘e-t'gl‘liE BEST L16“ 1 00.



280 3.50: S¢.,Cnton,0. E



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”0 CANDLE PDW





FISH FRESH and





SALTED





If you want the choicest quality he sure

to get our price list before ordering.





WISCONSIN FISHING Co.





Dept. Y, Green Bay, Wisconsin.





 





 





 





 

 





 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when

you are wrlung to sdvorllsel's. , .





 





z





 





 





I





 





 





 





 





 





 





That Chance You





“Gladys would make a. great musician





if she ever got a chance. She has the

talent, but her folks can’t; afford to send

her,” said my ncighbor.



“ Do ‘her folks’ need her at home, or

do they need the money she earns?” I

asked.



“No, they don’t need either her or her

money, they have enough to get along.

But 'they haven’t any to pay for her-les-

sons.”



“If that is all that is keeping Gladys

from being a great musician, she» isn’t

worth the chance," I said. “Why doesn’t

she get out and make her own chance?

If she had the merest glimmerings of

anything great in her she. would be so

taken up with her music that she could

not help getting ahead-3"" '



“I supposo she ncvcr thought of it."

said my neighbor. “She’d probably have

to go without clothes and things to get





the. money. Do you think it would be

worth while?"



“That all depends on what Gladys

thinks is worth whilc. Personally I ncv-

or had much uSc for girls who settled





down at home and felt sorry for them-

selves bcncause they hadn’t any ‘chancc’.

The girls that arrive make their own

chance.”



And then, bccausc T thought at once

of the girls who are worthy the chance,

but who nccd just the word -to encourage

them I decided to tell them how one girl

got her lllllSlP‘ll education. and how many

others are getting it. This girl read an

advertiscmcnrl in her farm paper asking

for a, girl who was Willing to do some

housework in return for piano lessons

and the time to practice. Shc answered

the advertisement, and promptly got a.

leitcr back from a. well-known piano

teacher in a ncm‘by town. A few ques-

tions in the town about the woman show-

cd that shc would be fair and the girl

wont into the home. She was faithful,

conscientious and a hard worker, as well

as bcing a girl with talent, and she soon

pushed ahead. It was six years ago that

she answcrcd ihc advcrtisement. This

fall she wont back home ready to teach

the girls in hcr neighborhood and her

teacher advortiscd again for another

country girl who wanted a, chance.



This case is not an exceptional one.

Every musical school is being constantly

callcd up by women who want a girl

student to help out in the home in return

for board and a piano to practice on. And

there are many women who would be

glad to board the girl who wants (0 go

to an advanced school in return for the

help she could gch mornings and nights.

There are, plenty of chances for the girls,

in fact, more chances than lthcn'c are girls

who want to take them. It isn’t neces-

sary to go to a city, you can find your

chance near enough home so that you

could go back cycry week end.



The grcat trouble is that so few girls

are willing to work hard for the thing

they want. If someone came along and

offered them money for tuition, board

and pretty clothes, they might think it

worth while to study and (improve them-

selves. But if Ithey must grind, go with-

out smart clothes and work while others

play they would rather stay at the bot-

tom.



And it isn’t casy to be the girl who

works hcr way up, I’ll admit that. There

is not only the hard, unremitting toil,

but there are th'c unkind remarks of the

girls who have more money 'than char-

ity, and their assumptions of superiority

to overlook. In your heart you may be

positive of your own superiority, but if

you haven’t the money and clothes to

back you it is hard to show them where

they fail.



The-re is the brighter side, though. The

people whose opinion is really worth

while are always your friends. There are

always some who respect worth more

than clothes and who stand ready no help

you. And then the satisfaction when

you win out! For there will come a day

when you will arrive, when your work

will be the thing that everyone looks at,

not the clothes you wear or the home

you came from. Even the girls who

weren’t friendly will admit you are above!





a





 





fig





J





 





Are Looking For.





them. though they may add under their

breath that ey can’t see how such a

queer, badly dressed poke ever did it.



It’s worth trying. If you have a. 'talent

for books, music or painting, you ought

by all means to see what you can do

with it. It means months and years of

plodding, of disappointment and hope al-

'tcrnaied by gloom, but the relward more

than repays for the toil. Besides, if your

talent is worth while it won’t let you sit

down and not cultivate it. It will bother

you so much you’ll simply have to give

it a chance.



DEBORAH.





IRISH CROCHET INSERTION.





 





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



With No. 30 white thread and a, medi-

um fine hook make 30 chain for a. foun-

dation. Turn and insert the hook in the

tenth stitch from the ends, drawing the

cotton through the stitch and the loop

at the same time. Chain iivc and catch

into the fifth stitch next on the founda-

tion in the some manner. Make: five of

thcse loops, which will conclude the 3

chain of the foundation.



Make six chain, turn and catch with





a single stitch under the lust Iloop of the

first row. Chain five, catch as before and

Chain





continue to the end of the row.





‘will not eat eggs,





times the amount, others five, and still

others only allowing about three-fourths

of an 'Ounce of protein daily. Children

need a larger proportion of protein than

adults as the protein is the tissue builder

and is needed during the period of

growth.



Bearing in mind that the proteins. are

furnished by lean meat, the albumin of

eggs, milk, and the: legumes, or beansr,

peas and lentils, and the starches by the

cereals. Vegetables and baked goods, she

can, without too much labor, but by giv-

ing her thoughts to it daily, come in time

to furnish a fairly well—balanced regimev.



As a rule, the farmer’s wife, evrrs on

the side of too much starch. It is too

far from markets to get fresh beef and

mutton daily; in 99 cases out of 100 the

family does not like milk, and very of—

ten there are two or three members who

so the family suffers

for protein. Pork is the meat most of-

ten used and this gives too great an ex-

cess of fat. The cook who is shirewd

and really wants 00 give her family the

right sort of a diet can get around the

difficulty by giving them the milk. and

eggs in the form of custards, tapioca and

rice puddings, in bread puddings, cream

soups, etc. She can use milk in making

her bro-ad and scrve it in gravies, and in

a number of ways increase the protein

supply without letting the family know

they are eating something they think

they do not like.



Take a typical dinner such as the one





 





six, turn, catch in loop, chain five in the

other loops as in first row. The rows

are alikc exccpt that every fourth one

has a group of fiVc treble crochets in the





center loop. Chain. five for every loop

except the first in each row which has

six.



This insertion is so simple that any

one at all familiar with the- work can

follow the pattern from the illustration.





It works up rapidly and is very neat for

Itowcl ends, pillowslips and underwear.

In liner thread it is attractively arranged

in shirt waists and mull dresses. By

crocheting a row of shclls ulong one side

the pattern is convertcd into an edging.





 





The popularity of Irish crochet at the

present time creates a great demand for

these patterns which can be made into

such acceptable holiday gifts.

DlET.——No. 5.

The Balanced Ration.





The busy farmer’s wife has but little





time to study hcr day’s rations. Her

most prcssing problem see-ms to be not

how to give the family a. properly bal-





anced dietary, but how to find time to

cook three meals a day and get them on

the table in time. Yet if she is to do

her whole duty by her family she must

.feed them as wisely as her husband

feeds his stock.



To do this it is not necessary for her

to sit down each evening and figure out

with pencil and paper just how many

calories each member of the family must

have in order to Work properly and just

what foods will" furnish the required food

elements most cheaply. She must, how-

ever, bear in mind that the body needs

three sorts of food, proteins, carbohy-

drates, or starches, and fats. That the

adult needs about four times as much

starch as protein, and fat equal in amount

to the protein. Authorities differ in the

amount of protein required, some saying

that the starch should be only three





given below, and from the table of food

values figure up the ratio of proteins to

carbohydrates, or starches, and the per

centage of fat. An average dinner plan-

ned by a woman far from markets for

fall or winter days, would be something

as follows: '





Boiled l’ot‘atoes Pork and Beans





Turnips

Bread and Butter

Pickles Jelly

Cookies Doghnuts Pie

Tea





The analysis of these foods show the

following percentages of the various food

principles:





 





 





a - 1’3

33 '5 5 9

+2 4-: L. . Q)

s 8 s 13 5

l3 CL. U2 in 2

Potatoes ........ 75.5 2.5 20.9 0.1 1.

Fat salt pork. . . . 7.9 1.9 .. . . 86.2 3.9

Beans .......... 68.9 6.9 19.6 2.5 2.1

Broad .......... 32.9 8.1 55.3 2.6 0.5

Butter .......... 11. 1. . . . . 85. 3.

Turnips ......... 62.7 0.9 5.7 0.1 0.6

Pickles .........92.9 0.5 2.7 0.3 3.6

Crabupple jelly. .424 0.3 54.4 2.4 0.5

Cookies . .. . ..... 8.3 7. 73.2 10.2 1.3

Doughnuts ..... 18.3 6.7 53.1 21. 0.9

Custard Die . .62.4 4.2 26.1 6.3 1.0

It will be seen by a study of these





analyses that this is not a, well-balanced

meal. Instead of the percentage- of fats

and proteins being equal, the fats are

nearly five times as great as the pro-

teins, while the proteins are about one-

eighth of the carbohydrates instead of

one-fourth. This dinner could be im-

proved by omitting the doughnuts and

fat pork, which are both rich in fats, and

substituting lean pork and another vege-

table. The jelly, too, shows an excess

of carbohydrates, but as Only a small

amount of this would be eaten by each

person, its omission would make but lit-

tle difference. Corn, spinach, parsnlps

and onions are all richer in protein than

turnips and one of these vegetables could

well be used. instead of turnips, leqving
m d,





 





 





ems. 'mz.





 





 





 





themrn-ips'for a. meal when beef or mut-

ton is cooked. Onions, corn or pat-ships

mighpbejs’erved creamed, the milk ad-

ding tothe supply of protein in the flood.





—_d—.—-—‘————_——





. [WHOM‘E QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—What are canapes?



—C\11'iolu’s. ’

. Canapeis are thin slices of white, gra-

ham or brown bread dipped in melted

butter, then fried or toasted, and covered

with anchovy paste. caviare, paste,

cheese. fish, ham, or any cold meatl or

nuts made into a paste. They are serv-

ed at the beginning of a formal dinner.



Household Editorz—What is the best!

way to make an egg-nog?-—Nurse.



The best way to make an egg-neg is

to beat the white and yolk separately,

beating the sugar into the yolk, then

mix with enough milk to make one cup.

The taste of raw egg may be disguised

with a sprinkle of nutmeg. a couple of

tablespoonfuls of grape juice, or a little

flavoring, as lemon or vanilla. If the

patient can not take cold drinks the milk

can be warmed, and if the egg is beaten

rapidly while the milk is being tamed,

the albumin will not coagulate.



Household Editorz—Can you tcll me

what will remove flyspecks from wall

paper? I have a flannel baby blanket

embroidered with silk. It was white 35

years ago, but is yellow now with age.

I do not like to color it. Can you tell me

any way to bleach it? I enjoy your pa—

per very much, eSpecia'lly the Household

Department, and the mothers' sugges-

tions most of all. I have six healthy lit-

tle children from four months to nine

years. \Vhen I get time I will write and

tell the mothers how I keep them well.

-——A. W.



I do not think anything will clean your

paper very successfully. Slightly under-

done bread is said to be a good cleaner.

You might try it on a small spot; Or

buy one of the wall-paper cleaners on

the market, a small sample. and see how

it works. I am afraid nothing will whit-

en flannel that has lain for 35 years. un-

less it be something that will also rot

the fabric. Perhaps some reader can

advise you better. Please do not write

On both sides of the paper.



Houseth Editor2~l~low do you clarify

fat after frying friedcakes. so you can

use it again?—Begilmer.



Pare a. potato and slice it in the fat.

then push to the back of the range until

the potato has browned. Strain the fat

through a. cheesecloth and it is ready to

use again.





Household Edil'orz—Can you suggest

any home treatment for stammering.





where the case is not very bad?~—Stam-

merer.



Any thing that will help your nerves

will help stammcring. Get plenty of fresh

air, take long walks in the daytime and

sleep with your windows wide open. Eat

plain, simple food and take deep breaths.

Draw a full breath before you speak and

do not start to say anything until you

have your sentence framed in your mind.

It is better to be czllled slow than to

Slammer. At the successful stnmmcring

schools the students are taught to beat:

time as they talk. a stroke to right or

left with each syllable. Their sentences

are like this: “Can—you—tell—me—where

Mr.—-—Doe——lives?” “’lth each word they

wave the hand like a music master. keep-

ing perfect time and making their speech

conform to the motion of the hand. Try

this and see if it doesn't help.



Household E’lliiorz—I am troubled with

a sour stomach. “111 you please print a.

remedy?——Mrs. .l.



Give your stomach a rest of 24 hours.

taking nothing but hot water, which you

must sip slowly. Then out four small

meals daily at regular intervals, taking

care to eat slowly, and chew the food

thoroughly. \‘l'llat you must eat will

depend largely on your own idiosyncra-

sies. If you havo been eating little ani-

mal food. your trouble is probably due

to an excess of starch, and you would be

better to take mostly milk and eggs un-

til your stomach is settled. If you have

been eating a great deal of fat. pork,

butter, gravies and pan—cakes. stop this

and take instead. well cooked cereals,

dry toast and crackers. Too much swcct,

cakes, pies, doughnuts and candy, is of-

ten the cause of bad stomach. What-

ever you have been eating to excess,

eliminate entirely, and be sure all food

“5 well cooked. Indigestion is Often caus-

ed by badly cooked food. Toast to be

digestible should. be in thin slices and

dried all the way through, not simply

brown: on the outside and a soggy mass

in the middle. If your stomach does not

mood to home treatment see -a good

doctm'. ‘





-. Household Editor—How do you pre-

pare rice water-it—Mother.





Put one teaspoonful of rice in a dou-

ble boiler with one pint of water and

cook..three hours. adding water as it





 





 





 





cooks away. to keep the amount a. pint





 





when finished. Orboil two hours on the

stove. . ' - '



Household Editorz—What can I do

with egg yolks after using the whites

for frosting?——Amalteur Cook.



Drop them carefully in cold water or

beat in a bowl and cover with a saucer

and set away for future use. Or you can

drop them-in boiling water and cook

and serve in soup. Or they can be cook-

ed and mashed and spread on bread with

a little salad dressing for the children’s

lunch. They might be Scrambled with

bits of dried beef and make a. hot dish

for supper.



Household Editorz—Will someone pub-

lish the best. way 00 fry liver, especiale

beef liver? I would also like a recipe for

%‘ g‘ood stuffing for baked heart—Mrs.



13le liver is best prepared in this way:

Put a few slices of salt pork or bacon

in a frying pan and fry for three or four

minutes, while the liver is parboiling.

Then remove the pork. dip the liver in

flour, put it in the fryingpan, arrange the

pork ton top and slice on two or three

onions. Season with salt and pepper,

pour on one pint of boiling water, cover.

and cook slowly in the ovcn for one

hour. This is such an improvement on

fried liver that you will never want it

fried again. A good stulllng is made as

follows: Two cups of bread crumbs, half

cup of melted butter, one-third cup of

hot water or milk, one-fourth teaspoon

of salt, one-fourth teaspoon of pepper,

one chopped onion or a little sage, or

both, one beaten egg. You can omit the

egg and add more seasoning to taste.



Pumpkin Pie Without Eggs.



Household Fjdilol‘:*Seeillg the question

how to make pumpkin pics without eggs,

I will give you my recipe. Prepare the

pumpkin as usual, then take one quart

of pumpkin, two quarts of milk, season

to taste with cinnamon and ginger, one

pint of sugar, put on stove and cook.





S-'ir so not to stick to bottom when

boiling. Stir in five tablespoons of corn

starch. “'hen cooked well put in shell





and bake a. nice brown. I have more

rccipes without eggs if the readers would

like to have them. I would like to ask

if any of the readers could tell me what

to use to whiten a llinen tablecloth that

has been stained with tea—Mrs. L. B. F.

Make a weak solution of chloride of

lime and soak the spots in that. Rinse

thoroughly to remove all lime.

CHILD CULTURE BY MENTAL SUG-

GESTION.





 





BY F. M. CRAIG.



win the child’s love and confi-

dence. Explain to it that you wish to

help it develop a noble character, and

that if it will work with you, you will

surely succeed. Every morning have it

repeat after you these or similar words:

“This day, God helping me, I will be

kind, good, pure and true. I will do all

I can to make others happy. I can and

will do right.” if it has any fault to

overcome, earnestly and impressively re-

pezlt to it affirmations adapted to its

need, and have it also repeat thcm sev-

eral times each day and at bedtime every

night, but always when it is in a pas-

sivc. receptive mood. For instance. if it

is selfish, say to it: “You will not, you

must not be selfish. Deep down in your

little heart you are kind and loving. You

will always do unto others :15 yourwould

have them do unto you." Embrace chry

opportunity to praise it for the opposite

virtue. If you put your whole soul into

these affirmations, believe them yourself,

and repeat them a sufficient number of

times to make a deep, abiding impression

on the child’s mind and soul, experience

proves that they will almost invariably

become controlling factors ill its char-

ucter.



Every true life and every noble deed

is inspired by an enlightened intellect,

conscience and love. To develop these

qualities in the child they must be con-

stantly appealed to and made the ruling

motives of conduct. Teach it what is

right and wrong—and why, and that it

should do right for right‘s sake, not from

fear of- punishment or hope of reward.

seek to have it obey its conscience as

the voice of God in its soul. Encourage





Firs t





it to do acts of kindness and helpfulness._





Teach it the laws of personal purity. Im-

press upon 'it that every good thought

and act helps to develop a beautiful soul.

the one absolutely essential condition of

highest happiness in this life and that





to come; that every evil thought and act

deforms its soul and must inevitably re-

sult in misery and unhappiness.



Above all, exemplify in your own life

what you would haVe the child become.

“Like begets like.”

cites anger;





An angry word ex-





love awakens lave. Nag-





erE“ MICHIGAN 'FARMER.





the true, you may most surely create

these conditions in the child. .



“'hen the little mind is unfolding be-

neath the mother’s heart, then is her

golden opportunity to mould it as she

will. Since it is developed by and

through the action of. her vital, mental

and spiritual forces. every absorbing

thOught and earnest desire she entertains

during this period leaves its impress on

the forming brain cells for good or ill——

“a chisel that cuts to make or mar the

statue of a soul.” All that. is best and

purest within her should awaken to meet

the needs of her little one. She should

cherish only beautiful, kindly, happy

thoughts and aspirations. and pray silent-

ly, earnestly. every waking hour that it

may be love-ly, pure and good. She thus

becomes fully receptive to the influence

of the Divine Spirit, and the Power of

the Highest will overshadow her and‘;

fashion a beautiful soul, that will l





 





everl

prove a joy to the parents and a bless-l

ing to mankind.





 





THE UPSTAIRS STOVE.





 





BY HILDA RICHMOND.



In farm houses where there are no fur-

naces or other heating plants the upstairs

is very apt to bc icy all winter, and;

While it is very healthy to sleep in a.

cold room flooded with pure, fresh air, a.

fire to dress by and to bathe by and to

'l'ounge by is a' very comfortable institu-

tion. Young people especially like the

comfort of a warm room upstairs. and in

many instanccs mothers who worried be-

cause their boys and girls showed a ten-

dency to want to be away from home

nights, found the solution of the problem

in the Simple means of keeping up a fire

upstairs. There are many other country

housekeepers who would readily put. up

the stove upstairs. if they could only be

convinced that it is really needed, and is

not too‘ much trouble.



Well, as to the need. just try it one

winter and see the results. A room

where one can dress in Comfort. get ready

for bed leisurely, bathe and loungc, is a

luxury that ought not to be a luxury in

any country home. True, the kitchen is

glowing with heat from a fine range, the

sitting-room is bright and cheerful and

the dining—room Warm enough 'for com-

fort, but the upstairs fire has charms

that nothing downstairs can give. Letter

writing. studying. reading or evcn indul—

ging in a little laziness is often not to

be thought of downstairs where conver—





 





 





 





   

   

 

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





609





ging, scolding, etc.. destroy its finer feel-



ings and aggravate the worst elements '



in its character. By always living, think-



ing and desiring the noble, the good and1 ,





- 7.611





Book Free





We want every General and Mixed

Farmer. Dniryman. Stock Raiser. Trucker

and Fruit Grower to know all about the ex-

cellent opportunities open at Santa Rosa.

Florida. The soil is a deep. black. sandy loam

' the State. Yale-n raise two and

m on the can land in the sum year.

There is plenty of rainfall twelve months In the



ear. I on or crop l-lluro are unheard of.



on can raise the finest and Hans! priced

orange. in Florida. You can ruse an {swan

at 1. cont pot all-d. You can pasture shock

year frouml. aiming will pay

than in the North. One of the In.“ and health-

lost climates in the United States. Sunstrokes and

frostbites are unknown. Lumber at wholes.“

prices. All kinds of forage and he; crops. You can

raise all semi-tropical are 3 and a mi: all North-

ern crops. It’s the 1 place to live, and farm

where you can make three dollars where you

make one up North.





   

   

 

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

   

 





. Send toda for our large

illustrated oak. a free

sample of soil, make

us prove these statements.

This book is Written after

3 years‘ actual experience

on the ground and wlll

prove a revelation to you.

It’s all mailed Free,

postage prepaid.





Addrm :





SANTA ROSA

PLANTATION co.

sac—zoo a. su- An.

cmcmo. ll.l..





Michigan Falm_e[ls club list.





For the benefit and convenience of our subscribers.

we have arranged the following list of paper- on which

we can save them money. Besides the money. they

save the tmnblo and expense of sending such order

separately



EXPLANATION-411‘s first column lathe regular

subscription price of the other papers. 'lhe second

column gives our price for a year's subscription to

both the other paper and the Michigan Farmer. The

third column gives the price at which the other

paper may be added when three or more are ordered.

If price is not. given in this column ask us.

Example: We will send the Michigan Farmer and

Detroit Semi—“'eekly Journal for $1.15. If, for in

stance, McCall's Magazine also is wanted add it. at. 400

making total $1.55. Any number of papers may be

added at. third column price if they are for a. sub-

scriber to the Michigan Farmer.



If you want the MICHIGAN FARMEB THREE

YEARS and the other papers one your add 750 no the

second column price. For the Michigan Farmer 5

years add $1.50. We do not send samples of other

papers. Address the publishers direct.





Send all orders to the Michigan Former or through

our agents. ' ~



We will take your order for any publication you

want whether listed or not. Write for rates. '



NOTEr—So long as a subscriber is on our list. for

years he may order at. any time any

80 that a three





   





 

 





i





 





“I!





one or more

publications at. third column price.

of five roar subscriber does not lose the advantage of

the reduced price if he wants any other paper next.

year or the your after.



Subscriptions ordered to Canada require postage.

Write for rates unless tags is known. in that. case

include with order. mgtage on Michigan Farmer

alone to Canada is 1 cent per week.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





ration, music or other distractions are

going on, so the comfortable rcfuge. up— Seeexpiaho-

Slzlll‘S is just the place for anyone who NAME OF PUBLICATION “0“ “hm“

wunls to be quiet for a longer or shorter ‘ Daily. (3 aWeek) on R. F. D. only. 5 3 ;

period. Be sure the young folks will not l Free Press, Detroit. ........................ 2 60250

grow selfish and want to rclnain up there , l‘;;;,’e';f“b3$g§2}fjjjg3;; """"" ‘ _'%$;§$

all the time for that would make “the 1 “0mm Grand “‘lPldH-r" ~ 250250

. l News. Grand Raplds. Mich .. 2 00 l 75

room common and worth noihlng. Often l Press, Grand Rapids ...... . 2 032 25l

. . . . _ (lnlrier-Herald, Ba. inaw .. 25025

bathing in the kitchen. the common prac- life“ Bagifiwfinffimfi 20025

”(.e of most countr hom S 'llhO ,7 t ‘rlhuue. a)’ Jilly. ic ................. 200210

. 7 y _ e “ _Ut, b‘ h Blade, Toledo ............................... 2 002 03

rooms. ls attended 'VVllll real pcrll m the News-Bee. Toledo. Ohio 200205

long icy journey upstairs. and the warm T11 Weekly 1‘9“"5138‘1’31'9

room above does away with all this dan- world's?" xvi/““1 10°15) 76

. . l eek y Newspapers

or and inconvenienc . m

g Wh H e th fi .. S, b . ‘ 1 Journal, Detroit. Mich .................. 1.00115 70

9. iv 1‘ e lb “11] c. a gloat. (lea Weekly Newspapers

of trouble or not dcpellds upon too kind Blude,’1‘nledo. Ohio ....................... 100100 55

0f stove L‘llOSOll. The host one for this (lommonor.Lin-(:oln.lNl-b ................. IOUICS 60

_ _ Enquirer. Clnclnnntl, 0 .................. 1001(1) 55

purpose is a large, sllhstalllllil one of the Inter Ocean. ChicagO. (wl-.-...--.------. 100100 66

air-light variety. One of tllcsc smvcs in Cattle. Shem” sw‘m" Poultr" etc‘

1 .7 _ . , ‘ , . ' . ‘ . American Poultry Journal. Ch', v , .

a large countly house Wll.<h “as built American poultry Advocate, ,‘Sglgf‘mfgflglg :2

years ago. and 1S thercf‘orc drallgllty, America“ 8119439 Breeder. Chicago (m).- 100135 90

_ ‘ . American Swmohord. Chicago. (In) ..... 50 a) 35

never has the fire out from lall to sprlng, greodoirs' gazelgte' Chicago, (w) .......... 1 751 451 00

.. , g . ‘arm on ry oston. . .......

yet only 3. th§ small amount of fuel is 1am“; pelt. Grand Rapidfallzhnff ....... 1% % %

uscd. In the l':l11 or late summer the old ““58“.“ En?"- Grower, “Wheaten (m).. 50 80 35

Hoard 8 Dair men, Fort; Atkinson, Wis. l 001 20 75

chunks from the apple orchard and from lIlorsemfinhC ica 3am” 200v (51$

. \ . .. . H ,n‘ , .crsoy u etln. i ' l‘, I , d

the vulcd lands .llc gltln-ltd UthlllQl and Kimball’s Dairy Fugggpafieflg (1:?100135

when the flre is started a hczlvy piccc of 93"“) -------------------------------- 50 80 35

. . . , National Sportsman, Boston. Mass. (111)] 00 l 15 70

wood is put into the siovc. Somcllmcs {only-y Iéb‘eper.0kllncy.lll.(ml ......... 50 a) 35

. . m . _ . .‘ .‘ .. Y ’ou ry olntors la . l M‘ ......

nhcn the days are mild this Will slowly pawn-i, Success, Spa-infilfiezlll). (1x821) ..... $ 38 g

burn for days. hul if the wcalher turns 391mb9POM"!Journal‘Qninchle) 50 so 5

. _ ' ' bwmo Breeders Journal. Indianapolis.

cold and the draught ls opened it ls gone Ind. (um) --------- 50 80 as

quickly. -\ lincd basket to kecp the dust PODulal‘ Magazines.

«4' . , (r . . , - ,- American Magazine. N. Y. O't- ,

fro") ailing thxouhh 1’5 kept filled “1th losmopolitlon.N. Y. lity.(nv‘).y...‘fn)....lgl%lllg

wood, and it is no hardshlp to keep it {lgeaybolgigplhga azine,PN. Y. City.(m)... 1501601 15

_ ‘ . ‘i . ....

i'i plelllshcd. 50 strong is the draught Mg‘cfanicgfi)?g§$“g,:,;,§f”,’m,,h;'(;l;3;; lglilfilg

that only twice each year are the ashes n litres-Magazine. .Y. y.lm)....1501m115

. r . usicl‘nn Boston, Mass. (m)............. 1501561 10

lemoved. In ten or 1.) minutes the room geopleslifime Joumfil. NY Y. City. (ml 50 as 40

,‘ _ 7 _ ear-son's agazine. ew ork flit . 50

15 made comfoltable and the stove is (1.3mm Magnum Chicago.Ill.y(nlln)l50ifisglig

perfectly safe when Closed. Bevxew of Renews. ill. Y. City. (In) ...... 3 mg 00



In sickness. in health, on damp days, Deli Ladig'yog.nouseh°m‘

on dreary days and when extra sewing is Dmiifigif’hy'. olc;.tisl‘.‘.".liill""""‘Z Iglo‘gllflfl

going on the fire upstairs will be found figfiggfifiagflilgg‘; (EgY-‘mln Jalfiloo

the greatest convenience and comfort of £03m? Ignitigf‘fif 6i¥§:lll'll:I-:::: 50 g 43(5)



. . , o are .. ' . . ...........

the farm house, and instead of dividing Modern Prizgilln. lgstog. l?aba.(m)....l8glg 3

the family, as many mothers fear it Pictorial Bevxow N. Y. City. (m) .......... 10015 a)

- Woman sHomo Oomipamon. N.Y.Oity. m 1 501 a) 1 15

only draws all members closer together Wows Worktoh case-(mlm-un-m 25 no 15

and makes them more companionable and Ben‘h‘“ and Juvenile. ‘



, American Boy Detroit Mich. (m).... It!)

delightful. All persons enjoy periods of B9ys’ M zine.'8methport.l>a. (m)....lm}£ 33

solitude and must, and the comfortable lee Fnkfi-P‘llem- Milalml ---------- 1WI451w



' Young Peoples Weekly, Elgln. Ill. (17.) '15 S 60

room upstairs, furnishes the much needed 1'01]:th Gels!) ninn. Boston. Mm.

- out n oribon ...... . ............

retreat and keeps the whole family circle youth. Companion 30mm, mm (”30025160

sweet and sane and helpful. (Renewal .. .2oozqslsm
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





”pt—1'...- « .. .





--m—





From July I,





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





E





success with in Osceo-

........... 207

Agricultural clubs in the



3





An agricultural alwaken~

................. 0

An awakened communi-



ty ............... ..

improvement associa-





.................





stalk productive,

bees fertilize





Boys, reason do not stay

175





01

1.1.





state fair school

Caps for curing beans.254





Cement drain





Clearing up new land...

Climatic conditions andD

Clover and soil feitility“

seeding alone

wood ashes fox

how to harvest .303





01

Cl





farmers necessary

Corn harvester,

Corn, should we pick off





.............. 535





................ 4.18

Faim book- keeping ..... 94

.............. 5.18

fertility maintaining. .57

labor problem,





opportunities





Farm machinery care 110458

caring for and storing.149





green forage,





see-ding of alfalfa, al-





trelatment of the

seed wheat for smut,





lime to use, 206;





.~M.....s~.~.4~ .. .





new seedings of alfal-

clipping new





sowing alfalfa on creek





a cellar bottom,

inoculating alfalfa,





Breeders’

rotten beets43_





arranging for cis-l‘





................





Harvesting and





marketing the

32





trespassing of



45 Flock,

Inoculation profitable

In the harvest fields.

Lillie Farmstead Notes.—





326, 351, 390, 458.





«“xgnwr .,_





Liming wheat ground

.__when to apply.559

Meadows, it pays to fer-

only onegrade nec-

Pasturing new seeding..351

Potatoes. how to be suc—





the rotting of ........ 489

' 46





waer developed by a

' small stream 303

Production, reducing the





Conoioooiovoot





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





LEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIETI





INDEX





F0 R V0 L. xxx1x.

19l2, f0 January I, l9l3.

IIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIHllIIlIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIII|IIIIIII|IIIIlIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIlI





Quack grass, eradicating





...................





1





7 Rape for green manure.327

Root house, locating and

building a .......... 410

and sand vetch for





Rye

cover crop .........





Sandy farm, successful

cultural methods on.230



soils, is marl benefi-

cial to .............. 1



Seed corn, selecting, 229,

326.





selection and care of..390

Sewage disposal for

country homes ..... 277

Shredded fodder keeps

well when properly





handled ............. 41

Silage, sorghum for..... "

Sin), filling the ......... 206

State fair, my trip to



the ................ 5

Soil, fextility of different



kinds ............... 35





Straw, the value. of .





Stacking grain

Strain,





st‘orage on .......... 459

fall plowing sod for.

harvesting ............ 46



Swamp land ........... 174

will it pay to drain a

peat? ............... 4’9





Tammack swamp land .490





The bank as a. farmers





asset ............... 4"

The cloverland farm spe-



cial ................ 51

The faimer as a me-



chanic ..............





The roofing problem. . ..





Thistles, mowing discour-

ages ................



Tile drains, long or

sho1t ............... 114





protecting outlet of.

Tile, soft Vs glazed,





559.

Timothy, improved va-

rieties of - ...... 534

Tool grinding, big sav—

ing in .............. 535

Tool shed, does it pay to

build? .............. 410

Trees. school children to

plant 3915

Vetcli. winter ......... 150





\X'ater, power required

to force through

pipe ................ 1



supply on the farm...



a dangerous new.175



growth, controlling on

the farm ............



“'hczlt, how to prepare



sod ground for... ....2"



sod ground for ....... 15



smut .................. 253



\I'eighing and guessing.350



\Vhy poor seed corn?...



young men leave the

farm ................ 351





“'eed.





Live Stock.





Advocates paved barn—





yard ................ 1

A harness cupboard ..... 152

Autumn flock manage—



ment ............... 1

Balanced ration, the sig—



nificance- of ........ 461

Beef production, the fu-





ture of .............

farm work

P'





Breeders’ meetings at





Big teams for





International. . .536,





1-3111ess to salt ......

Breeding for spring lit-

ters ................. 4

Brood sows, age limit

for .................. 15"

Buving foundation stt1ck.i'112

Care of draft foals ...... 208

Combined granaiy and

hog pen ......... 75, 116





Co-operaiive a 11 i m 21.1

breeding ............





Corn silage makes high





quality beef .........





Fattening cattle, corn





silage most economi-

cal roughage for... .





falfa. as a green forage

for hogs, 59; feeding a

calf for baby beef.

wheat as a ration for

work horses, 96; sweet

vs. Sour feed for pigs,

152; feeding clover and

alfalfa hay to swine,

grasses to sow for

permanent pasture,

sweet clover as a for-

age plant, 176; sweet

clover vs. red clover,

alfalfa pasture for the

horses, 208; tankage as

a‘substitute for skim-

milk, 232; cement floor

for horses and cattle,

rye as horse feed, 328;





the 11112111116561.5521

Sugar beets, effect of





230,





problems.-Thet

best breed of sheep,

live stetk should have





{:1

H





handling the ..... 96

mating of the ......... 354

Feeders" Problems—Al-





 





 





L.





will it pay to feed cat-

tle, corn silage for

horses, colts and

calves, 356; are smutty

oats poisonous? 391;

shock corn for live

stock, 436; does rape

cause scurvy in pigs,

ground oats vs.‘mid-

‘dlings f-Or pigs, 537.

Good horses needed by





the army ........... 412

Horse feed, corn equal

of outs for ........... 211

Hog cholera ............ 436

problem, the .......... 561

in Iowa .............. 536





fighting by patroniz—

, ing home breeders-.537

Hog feeding, economical1

Hogs, finishing on corn.232

how to feed cull beans

to ................... 413

Ilog killing 011 the farm. 561

H01 ses blind staggeis in 39

cost of keeping ....... 49

‘ forage poisoning of 355

Hoven .................. 32

How feed influences sizel461

Inbreeding and cross-





breeding ............ 563

Indiana Cattle Feeders’

, Association ......... 51

International, the thir-

teenth ......... 533, 564

Lamb crop, finishing thc_63

...)

Lambs, experiments with

winter fed ......... 39

feeding range ........ 259

selecting and feeding. 2.33

sov beans. fox ........ 563





9 Lessons from market re-





ports ............... 437

Live stock and cheap

feed ................. 132

at“ the state fair 256, 280,

U 4

see at state fair ....... 208

importance of vitality

111 ..................





Live stock meeting, new

features of coming..513

Mich. Imp. Live Stock

Breeders’ and Feed-

ers’ Assn ............ 491

Mule colts, rearing and

handling ............ 115

National asso. meetings.462

Pastures, improving the

peimanent .......... 208

Percheion bbreeding in

the 1’. S. ........... 132

Pigs, (-aie of young. .328

feeding experiments

with ................ 536





ing ................. 513

Profit in draft mares...562

Pure-bred vs. cross-



bred farm animals..208



vs grade sires ........ 129

Rape as a fmage crop. .152



dwaif Esserx ......... 115

Relation of live stock to





fertility ............. 59

Sheep, beginning rightt

with ................ 96





breeding, some factors

in ..................





8 Silo filling, success with





small outfit ......... 563

Swine, the improving of.354

Tendency of like to he-





get like- ............ 39

The farmcr’s hog ....... 3

The hog and his pedi—



gree ............... .. 23

The hog market ........ 462





The International, 462, 491





,Z’I‘he Michigan stallion

132





law .................

The silo and the labor

problem ............ 412

The value of “imported"

....................... 91

The young pig in win-

.............. . ...56

Veterinary.

Aborting mare ......... 147





Acute indigestion, 76, 180,

251, 307, 392.465.





Acute lymphangitis . ...358

rheumatism .......... 465

Anaemic ...... 51, 307, 514

Alsike poison .......... 392

Aponlexy ............... 307

Articular rheumatlism ..107

Ascites.‘ ................. 76

Asthma, ................ 306

Barb wire cut ....... 60, 438

Barren cow, 5, 51,154, 251

Barrenness ......... 328

Barren heifer ...... 465, 514

sow .................. 414

Bleeding wart on hind

leg .................. 24

Blind staggers ..... 147

Bloating cattle ........ .307

Blocked teats .. ........ 51

Bloody milk ....... 76

Bog spavin ............. 116

Bone spavin . ........... 51

Breeding question . ..... 360





Broken Wind, 210,251, 514





I





Bruised elbow





Bunch composed of scar





...............





Bursal enlargement





Calves chewed tail off.

Castrating ruptured pigs2

51





Cat has worms

Cerebral hemorrhage . 498

Chronic cough, 4, 60, 210,





cracked heels





lymphangitis ..... 331, 492

..... 107 116,180,392

Colt got hooked

Congested udder

............. 331

of spinal cord

............... 51

Contagious abort‘ion

Cow fails to come in heagg





........ 5,160,538

gives bloody milk 60, 210

holds up milk,

has small short teats. .251

................. 307

Cragked heels ...... 438,464

................... 92

Decayed molar teeth.





...............





147



.24, 98, 107 465

Dilated teat canal ....... 107

Diseased bone 98

scalp of mane and tail 60

.. 6





......... 357, 464348

Divided tendon





Elbow abscess

Enlarged face





.................





..............





Enlargement of hock. . .

Eversion of bowels ...... 465

‘ “ ......... _ ......... 464

Feeding colts cow’s milk 4

Fibrous tumor ‘ '





................ 397





Foreign body in mouth.307

Fractured hip





..................





............. 60,

Hernia] operation result-





High- —up ringbone





Horse rolls in stable...





..................





Imperfect udder

Impure blood





Inactive skin glands. . ..

Incipient heaves ..... 4,107





Indigestion, 4. 5, 24, 5W1 6,0

98, 107,116, 210, 2.11,





Infectious ophthalmia in

tle





Infected stifle joint

............. 60,211

Infiamed udder 307

............... 306

............. 107





Irritation of skin

Kidney disease





.............. 154

Lacera'ted vagina. -





Leaking navel





Light milker ....... 180, 357

Live}; and stomach trou-





Long rough coats

Loosened hOOf





Loss of appetite“





Mourned for colt ....... .138





........... 392





Nerve imitation

....... 147,358

Nodular disease.

Open hock joint "

Opening in side of teat. 331

....... 210,465

Parasitic mange

Partial dislocation of the





Periodic ophthalmia, 60, 465

need more salt

1



Poisoned by eating weeds

1



Poor quality hoof

Punctured foot“.

Raising orphan colts .

Rheumatic influenza 14

Rheumatism, 4, 24, 414 438

Ridgling hog .. ......... 53‘8





.. 483

....5, 307,492

Ruptured crop . .. . . .. ...180





 





ROarer 4'

Rupture of diaphragm of”





the stomach 76





Scar on shin. ..... .. . .210

Scars .................. 180

Scirrhus cord ............ 24

Scours ........... 4

Securing ................ 180

Scrotal abscess ........ 307

hernia ................ 154

Septic arthritis, 4, 24, 51

navel infection ........

poison . . ........... 116

Sharp uneven teeth . . . . 4

Shoats cough ...... 116, 331

Shoulder sweeney ..... 598

Sidebone ........ . . . . . . .107

Sitfast ....... . . . . . . .328

Sluggish kidneys ....... 307

Spinal disease . . . . . .76, 438

paralysis ......... 465

Sprained shoulder ...... 306

Sore eye . . . . ........ 51, 180

Soreness . ....... . . . ..... 60

Sore on coronet ........ 251

Soreness of shins ...... 227

Sore feet . . . ........ 306,331

throat! .24, 464





,Sows do not come in





heat ................ 414





Stifle lameness . . . .251, 414





sprain ............ 5,1

Stocking, 180,210,251, 30,7

4 , 438,538.

Stomach staggers ...... 60

Stringhalt .............. 328

Suppurating udder . . . .210

Surfeit buds ............ 464

Swamp fever .......... 154

Sweenied hip ........... 306

Sweeney . . . .......... 328

shoulder lameness. .464

Swollen glands ........ . 4

groin ................. 76

withers and back ..... 514

Symptoms of tubercu—

losis ........

Thoroughpin ...... ,116, 210

Throat pressure . . . . . 4

Thrush ...154, 514

Torpid liver 107

Tuberculosis . .. ...... 116

Tumor on jaw .. . ...... 98

on teat .. ...... 251

Umbilical hernia ....24, 107

I’nthrifty mare. ......... 328

\aginal polypus.. .306, .114

Vertigo ........ 149, 3 58,1465

Vesical calculi .......... 147

Vomiting ............... 538

\Vabbling gait .......... 210

Warts 307

\\ art on arm .......... 154

\\ art on e 1r .......... . .305

Vt eak heait ............

\\ eakness . .147, 414, 41 18

\Veak tendons .......... 438

Wire cut ..............

Wounded forearm ...... 464

3 Worms, 24. 60, 76, 98, 107,

307, 438, 465.

Young pigs shiver ...... 392

Dairy.





Alfalfa for silage. .19 246





sowing in August





Barnyaid, a muddy ..... 41

Bean Straw for cows....360

Beet tailings for silage..466





tops presedved for win-





ter feeding ......... 285

Breed 0. dairy cows, the

best ............... 285

B1eeding, feeding and

Weeding ............ 182

Breedeis' associations,

some indirect ben-

efits of .............. 25

Building up dairy herd. 213

Business dairying ...... 359

Butter market .......... 466

Calf meal and fiaxseed

meal for calves ...... 260

Cement whitewash ..... 260

Changing the rotation. . .213

Clover for silage ....... 246





Cost of dairy products. 360





milk . ................ 395





Cottonseed meal, why re-





strict amlount ...... 332





Cows, a good herd of





grad e ............... 63





getting results with...101





common .............. 118



late autumn care of. .359



more economical need-

ed .................. 285





Cream, advantages of





selling rich ......... 309

Dairy (U\\', autumn and

winter feeding of ..... 157

exhibit at state fail. .261

items ................. 26

pioducts, falling off in. 100

qualities, picking .... 19





pr,oblem an 1mp01tant309

sanitation in summer. 62





Dan ying, laIger business





than fa1ming ....... 91

on 40- --.1(1e faim ...... 100

the stability of ....... 63

reliability of ......... 360





winter ................ 91





Dampening cow’s udder. 440

Economy of dairy cow. .395





in doing choies ....... 494





Ensilage, how much to





feed ................ 512





or .................. 261





when to begin to feed. 260





Ensiloing beet tops with—





out shiedding ...... 426

shredded cornstalks .309





Feeding the dai1y calves. 246





young calves .......... 540





Feeds and fertility .. ..155

Getting d-airy animals on





wint'ex feed ......... 332

Grain ration, costs too

much . . .......... 467

how much to feed. ..512

the best .............. 284





with mixed hay and

shredded fodder . . . .511



with silage and tim-

othy hay ............ 466



oornstalks and bean466





pods

Ground buckwheat as a.





dairy food ..........512





 





DEC. 28, 1912.-





dairy farming

International dairy show441





Merits of the different

. ..541





I. nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn





peddling at 7c per qt. :4;





should retail at 10c.

Milking machine

Model cow stall,

ment in hitch of....

philosophy of





More and better: milk...





Oleo, present status of. 91

Over- -run in butter,





its meaning and im-1





is good ......... 92

Persistent milker,





with matched





Powdered milk





................





Private outfit





Pumpkin seeds, are they

injurious to cows?.

Pumpkins for the dairy360





Ropiness in milk ........ 467

Saving silage





Selection of feedstuffs..

" barn cellar for....

building in barn ...... 91

filling outfit,





for 10 or 12 cbwé ...... 261

green clover for . . . . .





fer silage ...... 19

or aged herd bull. 261

State—wide test for. tu-



berculosis favored. . .5

Sucking herself, to pre-426





Supplemental feeding

Teaching the calves to





Treat cows kindly . . . 2183





for silage ...........



Utility of cream sepa-

ratior wedl- founded. .540



Value of breeding good

4 ................ 427



Ventilation and tubercu-

181





................





Western Mich.





IVhat cow- -testing asso-

ciations are accom-





XVinter care of the dairy

Poultry and Bees.

After-swarms,





winter work for ...... 527





 





fall work among ...... 219

getting good

199





methods of rendering. 447

Caponizing is profitable. 17

foster mot‘hers





teaching to roost. . . . 52

Comb- -honey production. 310

Culling the flock





Diarrhoea in hot months.105

Ducks fOr next season. .145

winter care of, 396,



Egg pioducers, the win-

t 429





 





upon color of

making mates for





relation of green food

........... .126

securing fertility in

Extracted honey, produc—

ing and securing.





Fattoening Opoultry:

,keepihg'down

....................... v)

brood of bees ..... 578

Honey comb, building:

c10p below average.





obtaining best

............. 334

In AfllSWeI‘ to Inquiries. ~

Does the bee martin,

or king— bird destroy





of tuberculosis, pre-

serving eggs in wat-





ed turkey, 145; choos-

ing a breed, proba-

bly tuberculosis, 497;

result of heavy feed-

case of roup,

horns vs. Minorcas. .542

controlling in hot



Market eggs,





Markets, the'poultry

tsg poultry pro-«





Michigan poultr





Mites, tsummer control or 26
IX

4!

l

"A ‘ v.

I I:

J '

‘1’

1 l “(a

183i; *1

t V

l.

*‘r‘ 4 1“





 





dropper .'.............148





The production engineer.498





That barred window. . .167





Short cuts to housekeeping,





 





 





 





1 m ‘8' 1912' . THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (23) 611

hastening the ...... 219 for cucumber and mel— The proposed conference The big house on the 47, 221, 243, 547. Autumn in the woods. .471

Moulting fowls, milk for. 105 on-dise-ases .........314 ........... . .120 Gila ................ 365 Shall the housewife be- Belgian s‘allion, a ....... 515

Outlook for honey crop .105 last, for apples ...... 68 The rural school prob- The buck that sprang at come a chemist?....190 Boys’ corn contest at

Perches, hint on build- Strawberries, chickweed lem ................. 8 me ................ '..270 Solving the 1ural school Ingham Co. Farmers’

'f ing ................. 380 in .................. 200 The safety of farming The Clank’s haven ....... 3 18 problem ............ 220 Club ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Poultry house and yards, white grub in ......... 90 as a business ...... 102 The cub and the formu- The mothel- in- law 3 side Boys participating in

, plan for ............ 198 Strawberry bed, cultivat- The season's prospects.. 42 la ................. .366 of the case ......... 83 state fair school. .277

use of muslin in ..... 52 mg new ............ 162IThe state and the schools The deadly iiy ......... 46 The mother's place in that are boys ........ 9

judges, competent 198 plants, after care of. 16 ....................... 336 The- disgrace house ..... 34 her daughter's house Boy wateiring bossie....371

keeping as a vocation 482 winter prmecti on of_ 484 The Sulzer bill ......... 398 The mottled snake ...... 186 ....................... 422 with dog—rig ..45. 31

raising. starting right in summer time ------ 5 The West Michigan state .The operator at the cut. 519 The suffrage plank .....340 Box for feeding hay to

in ................... rows, filling the ....... 384 fair ................ 160 The psychograph _______ 111 The unexpected guest..47b hogs ................ 176

Preparing bees for win-. systems of planting. 90 The ultimate aim of The rival poets of Cli— Uses for country scllool- Breakf-1st' cap designs” .124

ter ----------------- 33° Thinning apples ------- 162 conservation ........ 264 max City ........... house .............. 341 Brood cmare and colt. 39

Pullets, early-laying.....381 Vegetables for iateplant- The value of demonstra- Toning rubber— trappe1s. 126 l'sing plants and vines QOWS good type 3

Result Of an average lng ----------------- 68 tion Work ........... 288 Toy- -making in Ger- as screens ......... 422 Buildings of Stephen

b.1rnya1d cackle ..497 \Vageners, an orchard of 16 To investigate Europeah many ............... 517 Water for birds _______ 33 Lanter ...... 409

Roosti ng closet for the Winter treatment of co—operative credit Uncle Jerry as a wit- What the adult Should Burroughs John “185 187

hens, discarding the. 145 small fruit ......... 384 systems ____________ 7 ness ________________ 222 know ............... 476 Castle wan , 79

qualtels fur chicks. .145 tree protection ....496 Unity of rural and ur- Uncle Peter's dream ship When justice is over- .. .

1 . Cellar de31gn f0r omons.350

Roup, symptoms and . Edi’orial. ban inleTests 34 looked .............. 0 Chester White boar 461

cure of ............. 526 " Valuable demonstration Value of 1111 agricultural \Vhite chinchillas and . .‘ . """

r'o ~. (.hlldreln w1th melon....270

Seasonable suggestions” On A bi g margin of profit. .544 at the state fall...-184 course in high schools 7 velvet coats the rage Classes in hi h school

Spring chickens, getting Advertising and the Vice—President Sherman.416 When Gene looked 111111 _______________________ 40 a‘ ricultur-lg "nurses 7

ready for .......... 578 farmer .............. 184 \ocational training ....468 a solid board ....... 45 \‘\'hy women’s suffrllgc..401 Cl g (I l ‘1. LU P ' 93

State fair poultry shown Agricultural credit and \\ hat is success? ......... 160 Where: the country's fish \\ 11,110“. and door 10.115 .110 CIeal‘lIrIlIe. Iand In 1 . .. 509

at disadvantage ....262 the banks .......... 184 Vlill seek forestry legis- come from __________ 417 \\ omen's COllgieSS meets C(ZIVIIeiIanc Ispfcla, ”146.419

SucceSSfUI DOUIU‘Y farm- Agriculture in Michigan lation ............... 498 Why the sky is blue. .240 in Alberta .......... 269 (fol 1M.I<(1)I.Vlne olltgofi 8-433

ing ----------------- 89 schools ------------- 312 practical Science. With the curious whirl- Vi ounds, dealing with. .220 C?» 0") I,ltIuse1 mfg thI

Turkey crop, cashing the in rural schools ...... 160 A . . th h ing Dervishes ...... 9 Young mother s worries 33 -opera “’3 CO 5 ‘409

....................... 482 American standards 42 ccessIoIrlssmlnI e493u-525 Youth must have jollity.124 (Drag: ld4 7

Turkeys, getting growth A move for direct mar- B'ImK d t? y th ' 29 P0ETRY~ G C‘"n e II ------ . ----- --I- 0

................... keting 4 dance {310%. e--,--159 An October Day .......294 range- nmscIn cover In 118.1(31

preparing for fancy An innovation in insti- (éorn planIshac “9”“? '; August ................. 126 A beautiful new work..507 C 01} lardM----d--;-II-1I-I-

trade ............... tute work .......... 2 opperl su p E1131”) can 144 Autumn in the woods..471 A day at. suffrage head- ”01;? I011 1'. 01111411284

Type in fowls building Are you reading 16 ...... 398 D .1“? vegteha es.m1 Grandfather’s Fourth of quarters ............ 127 C t1.d11:n’l.f:.if3 9» 37

up .................. 49 7 Attend the state fair. .160 alrylnga t'e gene 159 July ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9 A lecturer's handbook..428 )uI lnDIaI ‘1. a hay ......

Winter caring for ducks A ward of explanation. .288 . COHSI era ions m‘:" How to wait W519 A state union of rural LalryI )lllldlng at state

.................. 396 Be a market student... 468 LffechItwof feed on dairy 4 In Hnying 45 forceg ...........---20 stfzbllle‘ grounds E;

e s rofitable ....... 447 Between producer and 1 . I' . """"""" .". Legend of the Corn.... 81 Agricultural development,’ :IlII ................

$511112 ready for .287 consumer .......... 288 mec‘ltlog (hf 'qulastklfl Memory Day ___________ 27, promoting .......... 55 Duvylshes k .............. 43;)

housing poultry in ...380 Bird protection ........ 362 F (grass Iyfic efnlct§01"88 Memory Lane .......... 138 Among the liVe Granges,13ffi‘2§.‘worf UMP """ I'I"

Winter layers feeding. .310 Bourne parcels post bill 78 801101353? S 90111 1 . My Grandma ,,,,,,,,,,, 239 “1&5; 85, 169 225. LXlltlIS (; . . —, at ticII

the prospective ....... 2 Conservative marketing. 236 F'b ’ d .' . f l f 1V1) Purchase ,,,,,,,,,, 224 273. 387, 446, 433. 507. sgte FalrIu;l ........ .

Wintering poultry, expe- Consumption of mutton 1 9’13“ lron In 00( 0' :39 Old iS the T310 -------- 222 Another year of satis— Of - " teveopmento _

' rience in ............ 334 should be increased.444 ““1“ “‘1‘: """" :"" ()n Blissfui Hallowe’en..361 factory growth ,,,,, 428 . bureau at state Ifa1r...2o

Worms. treatment for...145 Consumers plan co-op- Hum?“ nutrltlon, pun-439 ()ther Friends --------- 87 Education through ug- Lxhlblts at West Mlcm' r

Elation ------------- 468 mmes at 'J'" .' Ready for Work Though riculture ........... 141 86‘“ State fa” ------ 203

H°"'°”'t“r°' CO-UIlWa-Uve credit ~31? ”“61“qu ”CROIWT It’s Vacation ....... 45 Exe-mpllfying the frater- ...good 100’” ------------- ’09

113 legislatiOn ............ 498 11““ 0199‘” “neg“? Reconciled ............. 84 na1 51.1.. 1113 Fishing boats ...... 417. 419

Aphls on apples 90, . ~ . . . . 29; ammonia and m_ - _ . .......... Formation of bottom of

Apple economy ........ 543 CF01) i condltlons ”“1134 ter in fertilizers 53. T1191) Sank 0f 0'00de Fortleth annual State honey cells 97

1 pr CBS .............. . . ' ' ee S ................ ,1 Gran e ............. . . . . .. ......... nu

$33173? tilrieM.i.c.h.i.g.a.r.]14 3 Dry farming 3» fact-~“416 igxduiteefni manflil‘gl,‘ The Draught 01’ Nature.237 Fraterna? Grange’s big 1:9“151911 ‘I'OOStS """"" ‘RO

marketing problem .409 Electlon results and bus- sw, t 192mg o‘lfsscs The Gloomy Pessimlst meeting ...345 1‘11enI1Is "j""“1""1“187

show second annual. 314 mass ............... 444 Ice, 1 1 m. 1.. vs. the Happy (1111-1- Grange and telchers: in- Gasome tlactor 1n Mich.

Asparagus ...543 Extension work in the ¥§édglu§§15f3 atbreg?ir:; mist ................ 16 Stitute .............. 6 0 :lIgliclulture ......... 21.11

...... ”.... “21111110? peninsula ....398 . '. The Glorified Common . II 3 I. re 1ar<

ggltlubrméuggrdleggznse ”4483 Farm 1110032180h ------- 362 ce%ar plosts, alwfesd Day ................ 80 mmgfhf4rL states, 1 ’ 3” Gettlng them luterested 81

Boxes for packing apples 16 Federal aid for State 2111' (1:0; ‘lflatyde'lor' The Gossiping Leaves..240 influence ............. 387 (:11‘1 with ducks ......... r45

Cabbage growing _______ ,13 fans ................ f 'l yang lei e ar The Picture ............ 4:10 leverage ___________ 169 (:le-ncarnook ‘I'lt'twi' ...... 130

fi htin ...... 119 Foreign potatoes quaran- ue, (I31 I798” V "*5, 1 The Spell of Autumn ”51,42 1‘11 0th , 1 , ,, t} (”and champion carlot of

chi'rgnss’ong'l ml: tlees. 201 tined --------------- 362 411' heating qualities The Storm ........... 43 $102,112” 91f tle nor lr2 steers at: the Intel‘-

ngliillowel, raising 119'GOod roads at small 0f, (130311 539?} ’I‘Ieefimg The Teaching .......... .419 Grangés olyganiz'edntiuirrI-‘d -. national "I ..... ......533

Chautauqua grape belt. I163 cost ..... . ........... 3 5651) es 0 ““0 COW Toiler in the Fields so tcrly report of' IIIIIII 55 (.l'unge map (11 U. P....b..9

Club- root’ in cabbage 248 Government old fOI‘ ag— Milk products 335 379 _ Bare ............. 371 I.ectllrcr and the young— paftrons f domgt “if?“

College student help 011 rlculture ............ 516 'Vl"k . ...i.1.'.'-‘.1'1'0' \aczltlon Days are or members ....... 2?: or 1111 Oltuna 0 lo-

. . . e , . . . ............

f1‘u1t farm .......... 3 Hast.» vsI consexvatlv . “ 19331; ‘3‘31‘8‘123 “286 Through ...........370 Mew)”, day 273 therI . 108

Cover crops, c‘tperience marketmg ---------- , 1' 1 ' “ ' ’ \Vho Shall be Thankful.471 N-tt'ioné] Grangemeet- Harvestmg 001‘” ..... 29:1

with ................ 6 Help those “110 help you ‘51.- . . 6 Wishes ................. 478 ‘ mg méceedin 4 352 hay 1nd wheat in l' P. 73

for bush fruits _______ 201 ....................... 6 NLIIIUHIIOHISUM‘ES- 181 53~ 1 Natural out l'ovftll 1i" llogS, gOOd type of ...... 129

Cultivating orchards 90 Improved farm financm<r 915849“; bigod'stuffs .""I'487 Household. Grange gamma. ( 13 ”OllyhOCkS ------------- 432

Dealers opposition to co— ----------------------- 4 Il‘ut‘c‘l “t3 0f SClen(.e399 Are nagging and scolding October to I.“ the """ ,1 ”Olsteln cow ........... 246

operative effort .385 In dIefense 0f useful bii‘d n """""""""""" -1‘3 necessary? ......... 44 [’1' t1 t DI ‘I: ----- ’“ Horses on farm of Kel-

Do not relent ........... 201 fe ................. 416 ”18 role of iron -------- 0"” Baby’s layette ......... 524 ,"m 5 0 “0”) “Wm-~33"! iogg Bros ............ 437

Eat grapes ............. 496 Infant paralx sis and the Typhmd in “3‘3“?“ to Breakfast .............. 523 {emf-:12; xfe‘égIgSI-g‘IMaIf' House on the Gila ...... 365

Educating the consumer stablo— flv ........... 416 the "7”“ SUPDY Of 6 Catch the flies outsido.269 (hr ;\‘,- .. 7”ng irlull,IN. 1’. ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 416

of fruit . ......... 314 Interesting election pos- creameries --------- Chemists dabble in jel- 816-" 0‘ GVIVIayrizIo 40.. Illinois, or blister canker 54

Fire blight in Michigan Sfihilitics ............ 362 Home and Youth. 1y making .......... 16 C 2’7"?" B IraIvense Jersey cows of Samuel

Olchards ........... 200 Maintenance of improv— A belated Thanksgiving Christmas gifts, our....547 381‘: (‘11-, 'l alaaa (N- Udcll ............ 21, 25

Fruit growers' compare- . ed hiIgliwaysI ........ 98 day ............... 74 pudding, the ..........546 ,lgfi.’ (5.221,?303338 COT—2r, Kem‘ins‘bn bags ....... 12

tive movement ..... 148 Mlclngan s agricultural A castle town and lts Combating the fly ...... _33 Primary law . the-“newo . Long Beach farm home,149

Garden notes for Novem- opportunltles ..... chlvalry ............ 79 Cooklng pumpkin ......546 Cran ' ' Maltese cross drawn-

bel ................. 442 Michlgan can contrlbute A character sketch ...... 371 Crltlclsm ............... 476 I“ ’I l’ ge ............. 3 work ..............

pests destroying .496 to cheaper living ...1 ’ A little vacation in big Don’t think too much of 101661111711 POWCI‘ of worl;0 Mammoth Clover 1111 a

Grading apples --------- 109 manufactures- --------- 6 autumn-land ....... 3 your children ...... .1. l‘ a l 7' f m“: .‘I """" 7 peach orchard ,,,,,,

Grafting plums ......... 248 New secretary of Na- Amateur photographer’s Doped foods ............ 476 :‘Et' ‘I-‘ 51' 1111105 85 Mexicans .......... 374 376

Grape investigations in tional Dairy Ilni-on..416 washing outfit ...... 474 Do you live or cxist?...316 “ “ 45 While meeltlng, Miphigan orchards ’ 113

New York state ..218 Optimism as a business A morning c:1ll ......... 294 Entertainment, an ev- , 1900116"t“"13 0f ““486 Muir. John ......... ”185

Hints on small fruit cul- asset ............... An (Yelling in the ening’s ............. 47 Summer meetings, some North Shade It‘a,rxn.e-I-é;

ture ................ 266 Our export manufactures woods .............. 126 Facts about jelly-malt? . 30"“ """"""""" 9 Club ............

Horticulnural exhibit at ....................... . 16 A parson unexpected” .222 . Iing ....... . .......... 292 “1'?“ some fIEIH‘mPrs are Onion field of Mr. .Hil;

state fair .......... 266 Oul no“ parcels post A readjusted nelgllbor— Flmshlng the girl’s edu- “Ct 111 Gh‘l‘ge ~~~~~~ 108 bert ............. 384

Illinois, or “blister cank- law ................. hood ................ 1 cation .............. Farmers’ Clubs. Orange hawkweed H.175

er" in Michigan..... 54 Passing of Vehicles on A safe and sane fourth. 9 Floral work, 11., 110, 192. \ bmrqv corn “,th 446 Percheron stallion of B

Intensive garden under highways ......... , 28 A thankful Thanksgiv- 316, 448, 500. \ message to local‘Ci-b‘s F. Anderson - 29

irrigation ........... 415 Political advertising, 236. ing ................. 471 Flowers for the table...268 u 4‘» Photographer’s washing 0

Insects pests of the gar- 362. Aviators of the vegeta- Fly in barnyard. the....125 .\ sutunsfulClub 'f'. 1,5387) outfit ......

en ........... _ ...... 2 issues vs. candidates..134 his kingdom ........ nuisance, abating 269 ‘ ‘ 428 ‘ 1 ‘L ’ ' Pictures 1111131131111;‘51f0‘u'd

Lime-sudphur for 1mll- President Taft vetoes A watermelon wzlr ...... 80 Fresh air for the young \nnual' meetin 110.507 {OI-mafia“ “ ' 105

dew on apples ...... wool bill ............ 0 A youthful institute lec- farmer ............ :AQSOCia’t-iOn [1" gmew‘." Plum orchard (116131119266

Manure, lasting effects Professional Opportunl- turer ............... 370 Girls who w01k to save ’ prmccdin S f ‘ #1ng R4 l‘olnonii Master 111111;

of ------------------- 2‘5 119's ................. 6 Books that children will mother ............. 84 Club discuSSig 0 13 F9 ‘E‘q team .. ‘ k 13

Market note-s ........... 385 Relative importance of like for Xmas ....... 548 Handkerchief with drawn- ‘ 85 127 0132‘ ”4"“24; patrons a-t-Hl-kte-l-sl”

Mediterranean fruit-fly.384 the Corn cr0p ....... 64 Bramble Hill, 36:1, 404. 418, work border ........ 5 ..'2'1 ..4; 387‘ "' “'3' 1m” . ‘ ‘ or W

Michigan Hort. Society Remember the state fair 451, 470, 504, 519, 548. Harvest h-ome festival 307' .1 0' ' 407» 43", Potatoes cultiv' '1"'..'"" 0"

annual meeting. 415, ....................... 216 Burroughs 8:. Muir— and frolics ......... ‘ fair and 1 . . Splaying 1m amlr

484 496 528 Right vs. duty ......... 444 Farmers ............ 185 Have you tried silent ‘ mew“ ‘Ome'comm‘i 0 mmng , """"""" 489

Oakland County Hort Secretary '\Vilson's re— Canoeing, the common at t‘are‘7 .......... .164 histo-iwg ---------- 3;? Poultry 110,-.useHsH'JlHH 52

Society ............. 14 port ................ 516 sense of ............ 45 Health, the blessings of. 220 1.1.1.2 trh(b 'h” """" “‘3" plans for 1:11;;(1 '80

Onion crop for 1912. ..338 State aid in agricultur— (fare of goldfish ........ 188 Housework vs. factory FA” .(3 “g t “3;" ----- M Powdered 11111191? ft": ' 4'47

harvesting the ........ 84 al education ........ 102 Connecting a weight work ..... . ........... me.” Oh”) ”WSW-436 1111,“. in 60.. “"my'~18}

Onions provod a success.349 Shou‘d control the clock to an electric HCVl children should be ‘plcnlcs "J """" 141' 169 1‘1' . J11 '. """"" 11.1}

. . - Future. of Farmers' (‘lub .Itlmng 1h€ lN-t (ow ...... 2.19

Orchard. cover crops... 1 state fair ........... 64 bell ................. 7 fed ................. 423 ’ Selecting seed 0 9

renovation ........... 484 Tariff legislation in con- Cooning melons ........ 270 Human welfare queries, 12, I Imovenment "'1 """" 1.69 Septic tank, C rn.2..._.2.,9

Packing apples, suggeS- gress ............... 102 Cultivating the ancestral 33, 47. 70, 84, 1.10, -25, “g‘é‘lmh “2”"9’ I‘l‘rmfl's $11,, fining """" 77' 55.78

tions on ............ 290 Thanksgiving .......... 468 tree ................. 504 166, 221, 243, 268, 340, I t . V- hlstmy "“8“ 8 Spring """""""" {235

Pepper plants. encoul— The- autom-obne and the Extracts from an auto- 400. 424, 449, 477, 501, “ elmmg ““1“? WWW q """"" . """"" 2'”

ag‘ng ............... 3 farmer ........... 12 biography 524 ' m Ch”) work ------- 20- afegdiipg the {gum fiOCk.433

Plant lice, why they10 Thet Baltimore conven— Farmers’ feathered friends Important pure food rul- yfomfgrfi (2%: 20111511211439.1273 q1hecgt‘35mcalf to dr1nk..12;1

abound ............. . ion ....................................... 3 ing .................. 70 h . ' ’ ‘ ' ---------- '

Plums, Japanese ........ 163 The boys’ garden idea Getting them interested 45 Is selfishness its own- I): mee’gmg """""" 6 gggirigfgan; """" 149

Preserving sweet cider-.314 growing ............. 6 House that vanished in punishment ......... O 10]}??? Iamendmenrs to g n :ermzmyr

Production of prunes in The conduct of the the night .......... 64 Keeping llnfcrmentod Istsoclational constl- Turkeyamii ''''''''' 017

United States ...... 54 school meeting ...... 6 How I captured a wild grape juices . IIIIIII 48 Th uAlon nnd by—laws.127 . we 'deVBIODB‘d

Protecting fruit trees. .484 The constitutional a- gobbler ............. 82 Kensington bags ....... 12 e 'Terlcan govern- Twignb-liht .............. 482

Pruning peaches ........ 248 mendments ........ 398 Just for a night ......... 236 Kerosene lamps, cure of.449 Y Ten """""" 13. 35- 55 V‘ine ov g ---------- 200

small fruit ........... 384 The defeat of women’s Keep your eyes -0pen....188 Let us give thanks for .831“; programs """" 529 \Va e er COttage porch 422

Public hearings on 1E8 suffrage ............. 516 Little farm fables, 10, 45, work ..............500 Illustrations. linger apple orchard

gypsy mo and t e The expre5s business... 42 343, 370, 419. Letter box ............. 423 Alfalf -----------

brown tall moth 397 The farm labOr problem Making the most of the Maltese cross drawn— Appleatrfjeglisuinen'h ...... 207 Western Michigan scenes

Restoring old orchards. .384 ................... 50, 544 trapping season . 71 work ................ 8 erbearing. y (“I-16.; VVsh: --------------- 173

Retuirns from small gar—543 The farmer and the Maria Comstock—suflra- 3 Mexican home. a look Apples hauling} .......... 218 aertlar'lgé?3bC:-Y;ctlfi¥bi¥tarm428

................. . ..............4 gette ............\...1 into .374 1 -' 1 - “ ‘ ’

Rhubarb prmIriding the148 The Shut-11111 of July cel- My last trip ............ 44 Mothers are too busy. 546 ‘ Tetank‘g‘vm promOt'4“ WW“ Wyandmte DulletIIZg

home sunny ........ e ra on ............ 6 Our company ........... 168 Mothers Club, a coun- """""""""""""""""""""" , ---------

San Jose scale in the The mortgage tax law..468 Partners ............... 294 try ................. 317 “€331 fiffiii‘g‘ilmm Chm 89 Winter vetch 1n peach

fall ................. 397 The Michigan Farmer Play at your own game 189 Need we remain poor.. 47 """"" 3 orchard """""""

notes ................. 442 only 50c 21 year ..... 468 Power of discernment. .138 Our present duty ...... 11

Sag shmjbbm-y ........ 21191; The opposigon to wom- Prize rooster, the ....... 450 Oven canning of fruit

118 ured trees... en’s su rage ........ 468 Seeing eauty in ugly and the s ru ‘Nr

Scullion aonions, what The Philippines and the things .............. 46 Poor, a change i?) gillifili; BEST AND LO EST PRICED'

causes? ------------- Filip nos ............ . 4 Sense and nonsense..... 34 Popular breakfast ..

$6160“!!! and exhibiting The prison problem ..236 Smile provokers, 296, 318, Practical gifts i'orcaghe124 At the new reduced rates 0f 50 cents for one

sig’hIt tenor-”dd ...... g: The postal savings bank362 S 37th 1 R housewife .......... 546 Year, $1.25 for three years and $2 for five

char ...... sys em ............. ome in as we’ve earn- a d eatin ‘ ‘ '

Small fruits, care of gar- The problem of distri- ed abgut clouds. ..135 p ........ gand nerves years The Michigan Farmer 18 the be“ and also

QprfaaggDatc‘le?peol'gments2ls Th buti 0nb1 ....... f...t.h.134 Studyingl Wintgr birds. ..igg Rule}? for preventing tn. the lOWCSC prlced farm paper. It is lower in price

. ' e DPO em 0 e upers ous ue ...... ercuiosis .......... '

' 'agalnst grape leaf- schools ....184 Swimming hole, the. .126 Science of right livingggg per COPY than a seml—monthly paper at 25 cents





or a monthly paper at 12% cents a year.
“' ”Okrz‘ uln- ,- /





Rumely Company





In l853 Meinrad Rumely, a German immigrant, started

the Rumely Company. The farm was growing—new country

was 0 ening up—wholesale farming was becoming the thing

and t ere was greater and greater need for machinery to

replace manual labor.





Meinrad Rumely built a separator in l853 to. help fill this

. need. From the start he built strong and Well—at the World’s

\~ ‘\ Fair in Chicago, in l 859, his separator was awarded the first

5.3333'33333” 3%.... prize medal over I 3 other makes.





 





 





 





The name of Rumely came to mean reliability to farmers. They wanted *





this same reliability in other machines and Rumely began making steam plowing

and threshing engines—-which added still more to the Company’s reputation.





The Rumely Company of l9] 3 is different from the Company of 1853—-





but like it in the worth of the machines turned out.





The Rumely idea of sturdy, well—built machinery has lately been linked with

a new idea—satisfying every power need of the farmer with a Rumely Product.





 





were added. , Secor was called

upon to design an effective system

for replacing gasoline with kerosene

for power—the famous Oil-Pull

was the result.





The demand for efficient farm

machine has been growing. We

have ad ed many new machines

to the Rumely line—each new

machine bringing with it the

same kind of record which

established the present Rumely

reputation.





The famous. Gaar—Scott and

Advance lines with their splendid

factories and lines of machines





well known line of Gas Engines—

Watts, his Corn Sheller—Adams

and Falk, Kerosene Engines. All

have been bound into a greater

Rumely Company.





 





 





A willingness to co-operate, to advise, to furnish prompt repair service, is characteristic of the"

Rumely Company. Forty-five branch houses and numerous dealers carry Rumely Servrce into every

community. ‘





 





We carry a machine for 'every day in the year. Steam, Gasoline and

Kerosene Tractors—Steam, Gasoline and Kerosene Stationary and Portable

Engines—Automatic Hay Balers—Com Huskers-Grain Separators——

Weighers—Baggers—Wind Stackers—Feed Mills—Pump Jacks—Engine

Gang Flows—Clover and Alfalfa Hullers—Husker Shredders—Feeders—

Grain Graders—Cream Separators—Saw Mills —Tank Wagons—

Diaphragm Pumps—Corn Shellers—Contractors’ Hoists—Soil Packers

and Pulverizers—Portable Saw Rigs-etc.





Write for general illustrated catalogue or special catalogues

on each machine.





RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.





(Incorporated)

Power-Farming Machinery

Battle Creek Home Office: La Pprte, 1nd.





Seager and Olds added their ~